cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capacity analysis of MMSE pilot-aided transmission for doubly selective channels

In previous work, we established necessary and sufficient conditions on pilot/data patterns that minimize the mean-squared error of pilot-aided channel estimates, given a pilot power constraint and a general linear time-varying channel model. Here we derive upper and lower bounds on the ergodic channel capacity of these MSE-optimal pilot-aided transmission (PAT) schemes. These bounds may be used to allocate power between pilot and data, as well as to choose among MSE-optimal pilot/data patterns. For example, the bounds show that frequency-domain PAT achieves higher capacity than time-domain PAT, or vice-versa, depending on the relative time- and frequency-dispersion of the channel.
Pregnancy following bariatric surgery

The obesity epidemic continues to escalate worldwide, making bariatric surgery an increasingly more attractive intervention. Obese women are at increased risk for several serious pregnancy complications, and as more reproductive-age obese women undergo bariatric surgery, new concerns arise regarding the ability of these women to conceive, support and deliver future pregnancies. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the current literature on the impact of surgical weight loss on the maternal and fetal outcomes in future pregnancies. Bariatric surgery seems to improve the altered reproductive hormone profile associated with morbid obesity, and ultimately enhances fertility status. It appears that surgical weight loss helps prevent the development of gestational diabetes and lowers the risk of chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in subsequent pregnancies. The effect of bariatric surgery on the mode of delivery and the need for cesarean section is unclear. Although surgical we...
Coop: a shell for cooperating expert systems

Conventional expert system shells do not help in developing AI programs for large applications which require multidisciplinary knowledge and which are geographically distributed. To support these applications, a shell must provide tools for a knowledge based system to (1) reason about the need for cooperation, (2) understand global knowledge in order to locate relevant expert systems, and (3) select appropriate cooperation plans. Coop, which supports cooperation models for characterizing the three essential decisions in the cooperation process, is described. It provides a computational method for deciding whether an expert system has enough knowledge to solve a given problem or whether it needs to consult with other expert systems. A yellow pages technique is provided to represent global knowledge and to select appropriate cooperation plans. The Coop environment lets expert systems autonomously resolve the three fundamental decisions in cooperation at runtime. The Coop environment also provides tools for resolving distributed computing issues of initiating and controlling process groups on a network, monitoring the state of distributed computation, and support tools needed to implement a large AI program consisting of multiple knowledge bases and expert system processes. >
Statistical Evaluation of Color-Eye Reflectance Measurements on Raw Cotton:

A statistical evaluation was made of reflectance measurements obtained on raw cotton. A large variation was observed in unblended cotton samples either greige or dyed while slight blending reduced the variation, significantly. Instrument variation also calculated from part of the data gathered showed only slight (negligible) variation. Homogenization of samples prior to quantitative measurements was indicated and use of reflectance measurements from the wavelength of maximum absorbance seemed most sensitive to sample preparation changes.
A THIRD INVARIANT DEPENDENT CAP MODEL FOR GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

The cap model proposed by DiMaggio and Sandler and subsequently modified by Desai et al. involves only two stress invariants. An extension of this model is proposed herein by incorporating the third stress invariant into the formulation. The model requires only one additional constant which can be obtained from simple laboratory tests. An artificial soil is tested in a truly triaxial device and the stress-strain data obtained from this test program is used to verify the model. Failure surface as well as stress-strain predictions are compared with that of experimental observations. The agreement between predictions and observations are found to be excellent.
The Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Content on Insulin Binding and Glucose Metabolism by Isolated Rat Adipocytes

The effects of changes in the amount of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) on cellular insulin and glucose metabolism have been assessed in rat adipocytes. Feeding animals a 67% CHO (fat-free) diet resulted in decreased insulin binding but enhanced activity of both the glucose transport system and intracellular pathways of glucose metabolism. Feeding rats a 67% fat (CHO-free) diet resulted in decreased insulin receptors as well as decreased activity of the glucose transport system and intracellular glucose metabolism. Therefore, the in vivo insulin resistance caused by a high fat, low CHO diet seems to be adequately explained, since all aspects of insulin's cellular action were depressed. On the other hand, at first approximation, the increased in vivo insulin response caused by a high CHO diet appears contradictory to the observed decrease in insulin binding. However, a probable explanation for this apparent paradox is provided by the enhanced activity of the cellular insulin effector systems distal to the insulin receptor. Therefore, the increased in vivo insulin responsiveness after high CHO feedings is most likely due to post receptor increases in various aspects of glucose metabolism.
Role for the vaccinia virus A36R outer envelope protein in the formation of virus-tipped actin-containing microvilli and cell-to-cell virus spread.

Abstract A small-plaque-forming vaccinia virus mutant with a deletion in the A36R gene encoding an outer envelope protein (Parkinson and Smith,Virology,204, 376–390, 1994) was shown to assemble wrapped forms of intra- and extracellular virus particles and to mediate acid-induced polykaryon formation. The intracellular virions, however, did not acquire actin tails and those on the cell surface were not associated with specialized microvilli. This phenotype is similar to that of the A34R (E. J. Wolffe, E. Katz, A. Weisberg, and B. Moss,J. Virol.71, 3904–3915, 1997) and A33R (R. Roper, E. J. Wolffe, A. Weisberg, and B. Moss,J. Virol.,in press) deletion mutants. Taken together, these data support a model in which the envelope proteins encoded by the A33R, A34R, and A36R genes are all required for nucleation of actin tails, which facilitate dissemination rather than egress of virus particles.
The Social Support of Employed African American and Anglo Mothers

Using the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), we investigate the support received by employed African American and Anglo mothers of young children. Supports investigated include care of sick and out-of-school children, general baby-sitting assistance, and help with transportation. Supports received from family and friends were analyzed separately. Care for sick and out-of-school children is deemed to be a particularly important source of support, and African Americans are more likely than Anglos to receive this support from relatives. A discouraging finding is that for every type of support, mothers below the poverty line are no more likely to receive support than more affluent mothers.
Space-time fractional diffusion on bounded domains

Abstract Fractional diffusion equations replace the integer-order derivatives in space and time by their fractional-order analogues. They are used in physics to model anomalous diffusion. This paper develops strong solutions of space–time fractional diffusion equations on bounded domains, as well as probabilistic representations of these solutions, which are useful for particle tracking codes.
III–V-on-silicon hybrid integration, materials, devices, and applications

Hybrid integration of III–V compound semiconductors onto silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is discussed from material, device and application perspective. Recent progress in integration technology and device optimization is reviewed.
Lake Characteristics Influencing Spawning Success of Muskellunge in Northern Wisconsin Lakes

Abstract We determined the physical, chemical, biological, and land use characteristics that distinguish northern Wisconsin lakes with self-sustaining populations of muskellunge Esox masquinongy from lakes where stocking is required to maintain populations. Lakes that supported self-sustaining muskellunge populations were characterized by fewer shoreline alterations and by spawning habitats with softer, organic-nitrogen-rich sediments. Lakes that required stocking had extensively developed shorelines. The direction of water level change during the spawning period, percentage of spawning area sediment covered by woody debris, number of deadfall trees per kilometer of shoreline, and percentage of shoreline that was totally developed were the most important variables for classifying the level of muskellunge reproduction a lake could support. A linear discriminant function correctly classified 83% of the lakes with self-sustaining muskellunge populations and 89% of the lakes requiring stocking to sustain or e...
BIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE MARSUPIAL-PLACENTAL DICHOTOMY.

My recent review (1974) was restricted to biogeographical considerations of the marsupial-placental dichotomy in mamma lian evolution. The present work is a continuation with emphasis upon reproductive aspects of the problem. The major question to be asked here revolves around the condition of the newborn in the immediate common ancestor to marsupials and placentals. Was the neonate a hatchling from an egg laid externally as suggested by Sharman (1970) and Tyndale-Biscoe (1973) or were the young born free of egg membranes in an immature "marsupial-like" state as suggested by me (1969)? In the former case, the evolution of viviparity among therian mammals would had to have occurred independently in marsupials and placentals. A series of excellent papers by Dr. Fabiola Muller (1967-1973), concerned with the comparative ontogenesis of living marsupials and placentals, is pertinent to this question. Her lengthy studies include a wealth of summarized comparative data and literature citations. Her articles, written in German, are not well known by many English-speaking authors. Thus I believe it worthwhile to summarize some of the points, essential to the question that I am asking, contained within the more than 500 pages of her text. Many of Dr. Muller's conclusions are reviewed from one paper to the next, so I will refrain from giving the specific citation for each point. Any misinterpretations are quite unintentional and result from faulty translation.
Practice, Products and the Future of Ethnographic Work

Ethnographic work in industry has spent two decades contributing to making products that matter in a range of industry contexts. This activity has accounted for important successes within industry. From the standpoint of ethnographic practice, however, the discursive infrastructure that has been developed to do our work within product development is now a limiting factor. For practice to evolve, we must look critically at the ways in which our current successes are indicators of a kind of stasis and that change is a matter of radically redefining the kinds of business problems ethnographic work should address and the values and behaviors associated with how we do our work.
Methodology for Obtaining Constraints on Ground Motion from Precariously Balanced Rocks

Precariously balanced rocks provide constraints on the level of ground motion that could have occurred during the time the rocks have been in their current positions. Field measurements of the quasi-static toppling accelerations of precariously balanced rocks provide information for computer modeling of the response of the rocks to given ground-motion histories. The quasi-static toppling acceleration is determined by the ratio of the quasi-static force through the center of mass whose moment about the rocking point counterbalances that of gravity and the mass of the rock. For an estimate of dynamic toppling peak ground accelerations, we use a finite-difference numerical code to model the dynamic response of rocks to arbitrarily complex acceleration time histories. We test our computational methodology and results using the University of Nevada shake table. The shake-table tests of both idealized rectangular shapes and actual rocks confirm the accuracy of our methodology for estimating dynamic toppling accelerations of precarious rocks for different waveforms representing earthquake ground-motion time histories. A study of statistical variation of the dynamic toppling acceleration for a suite of seismograms provides constraints on the peak ground acceleration on hard-rock sites in Mojave Desert, about 15 km from the San Andreas fault, of about 0.5 g for synthetic seismograms with relatively high frequency content, or about 0.4 g for seismograms with spectra similar to the recent Izmit, Turkey, earthquake. A major source of uncertainty is the uncertainty in the spectrum of ground motion for large earthquakes. Waveforms with relatively more low frequencies can topple the rocks with lower peak ground accelerations. We describe methods for reducing the uncertainties with further study and more data.
Functional effects of EMD-57033 in isovolumically beating isolated rabbit hearts

The results of isolated myocyte and cardiac muscle experiments indicate that inotropic agents that increase responsiveness of myofilaments to Ca2+ (so-called Ca2+ sensitizers) may prolong myocardial contraction and increase diastolic tone, but the importance of these effects in the whole heart is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of the Ca2+ sensitizer EMD-57033 (EMD) on left ventricular (LV) contractile events and passive properties in isovolumically beating isolated rabbit hearts that were buffer perfused at 30 degrees C. Several LV pressure and timing variables were evaluated, including the passive pressure-volume relationship, the Frank-Starling relationship, and the wall stress dependence of the duration of relaxation during perfusion with 0, 2, and 4 microM EMD. EMD (2 microM) increased average peak developed pressure of the Frank-Starling relationship by approximately 18%. In contrast, the peak developed pressure of the Frank-Starling relationship decreased toward control with 4 microM EMD, and therefore all the results presented pertain to 2 microM EMD. The maximum developed pressure at baseline volume was increased by approximately 19% by 2 microM EMD, and this was accompanied by an increase in contraction duration of approximately 13%, due exclusively to slowed relaxation. The relative contributions of maximal wall stress (sigma max) versus an independent negative lusitropic effect of EMD were determined at three LV volumes. At baseline volume, just less than one-half of the effect to slow relaxation was ascribable to an increase in sigma max, whereas the remainder was due to an independent EMD effect. LV passive properties were unchanged by perfusion with 2 microM EMD. We conclude that EMD is a potent inotrope in our isolated rabbit heart preparation, which has no effect on diastolic tone and causes a modest prolongation of contraction duration due to slowed relaxation. At baseline volume, approximately 50% of the slowed relaxation was ascribable to positive inotropy leading to increased sigma max, whereas the remaining approximately 50% was ascribable to a direct negative lusitropic effect of EMD. We discuss our results in terms of the current hypotheses regarding the mechanism of action of the Ca2+ sensitizers.
Angiotensin Labeled with I131 and with Tritium

An analysis was made of I131- and tritium-labeled angiotensin. It was found that both undergo loss of biological potency. Finally, it was assumed that during and after iodination there is breakdown of the polypeptide molecule.
Hydraulics of Meandering Rivers with Flood Plains

A study was made of the flow field in a meander-flood plane geometry. Energy loss, velocity distribution, and free surface topography were studied in a rigid boundary model. Significant differences were found to exist between inbank and overbank flow conditions. The results indicate that considerable increases in energy loss can occur under overbank flow conditions, that deposition and scour patterns reverse when the flow rises above the flood plain level, and that during major floods a meandering river will tend to straighten its course.
On Thin Ice: European Union Health Policy and Its Futures

EU health policy debate is in a peculiar stage: on one hand, there is an established community of EU health policy experts, around since 1998 that understands a broad range of EU policies that might have major consequences for health care systems. On the other hand, there are the many managers and policymakers around the EU who know little about EU health policy and have seen few or no effects. I argue that it is because EU health policymaking has slow effects, and that the challenge is in influencing it before it has had important consequences. This article first reviews the policy issues, explaining why so much EU policy activity has produced so little concrete effect ‐ and why that situation will probably change. The establishment of a EU role in health care policy means that influence now will shape policies in the future. The second half of the article analyses the problems of coordination and attention that interfere with health care systems’ ability to identify the important issues. It argues that the problems are not so much in the management of complex knowledge as in the politics of knowledge: different interests that are contending forcontrol over the future of EU health policy.
Randomized phase II study of concomitant chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea (FHX) compared to FHX and bevazicumab (BFHX) in intermediate stage head and neck cancer (HNC)

6034 Background: Preclinical data supports inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to improve tumor radiosensitivity. Phase I data demonstates that BFHX was tolerable in HNC (Seiwer...
The Λ (1405) hyperon

Evidence for a Σπ resonance was observed by Alston et al. (1961a) in K-p reactions at 1.15 GeV/c. The reactions studied were $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{K^ - } + p \to {\Sigma ^ \pm } + {\pi ^ \mp } + {\pi ^ + } + {\pi ^ - }} \\ { \to {\Sigma ^0} + {\pi ^0} + {\pi ^ + } + {\pi ^ - }} \end{array}.$$ (23.1) .
Between the States and the Signers: The Politics of the Declaration of Independence Before the Civil War

It is almost impossible to conjure the thought of the Declaration of Independence today without also raising the specters of the signers. Commonplace invocations of “John Hancock” stand in for the prototypical signature, and elementary school children throughout the country learn details about the lives of the signers. The signers did not, however, authorize the Declaration solely for themselves, but rather on behalf of the “People.” At the same time as autograph collectors began accumulating the signatures of the signers of the Declaration of Independence in the early nineteenth century, the political contest over the “People” of the United States drew the Declaration into its arguments. Controversy focused, in particular, on whether this people could be considered united from the Declaration onwards or consisted in the people of the several states. Drawing on two periods when discussions of the Declaration came to the fore, this Symposium Article contends that the figure of the signers — and their signatures — became a crucial weapon in a battle over which people had authorized not only the Declaration but also the U.S. Constitution.
Optimal Contract Purchasing Policies

Abstract An analytical approach to the contract purchasing problem is presented. A general model is evolved and a solution procedure for the model outlined. From this basis, the special case of a linear demand rate is pursued. Techniques for solution of the special case model are derived.
Sclerotiniaceae IV. Martininia

A monographic study, including discussions of phylogenetic relationships, descriptions of taxa, and photographic and line-drawing illustrations, of the genus Martininia (Sclerotiniaceae) is present...
Reversible H atom abstraction catalyzed by the radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme HydG.

The organometallic H-cluster at the active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases is synthesized by three accessory proteins, two of which are radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes (HydE, HydG) and one of which is a GTPase (HydF). In this work we probed the specific role of H atom abstraction in HydG-catalyzed carbon monoxide and cyanide production from tyrosine. The isotope distributions of 5′-deoxyadenosine and p-cresol were evaluated using deuterium-labeled tyrosine substrates in H2O and D2O. The observation of multiply deuterated 5′-deoxyadenosine and deuterated S-adenosylmethionine when the reaction is carried out in D2O provides evidence for a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical-mediated abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a solvent-exchangeable position as a reversible event.
Nest-site Choice and Nest Construction in Non-avian Reptiles: Evolutionary Significance and Ecological Implications:

In oviparous animals, nest-site choice is both a critical determinant of an individual's lifetime fitness, and an important demographic parameter of populations. At the individual level, the locati...
A Model-Based Approach to Predicting the Performance of Insider Threat Detection Systems

Recent high profile security breaches have highlighted the importance of insider threat detection systems for cybersecurity. However, issues such as high false positive rates and concerns over data privacy make it difficult to predict performance within an enterprise environment. These and other issues limit an organization's ability to effectively apply these tools. In this paper, we present an approach to predicting the performance of insider threat detection systems that leverages enterprise-level modeling. We provide a proof of concept of our modeling approach by applying it to a synthetic dataset and comparing its predictions to the ground truth. The results shown here to predict performance can enable enterprises to compare tools and ultimately allow them to make better informed decisions about which insider threat detection systems to deploy.
Discussion of Developmental Plasticity: Factors Affecting Cognitive Outcome after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Current research on plasticity has altered the over simplistic view of greater capacity in the developing brain after injury. In another paper in this issue, Dennis provides a model to elucidate the complexity of the multiple factors that influence recovery after brain injury in children. The authors present a brief summary of findings from their longitudinal research in neurobehavioral recovery after traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents that elaborates on the framework of Dennis. The discussion highlights the psychobiological factors that interact to define developmental plasticity and outlines promising directions for future research to elucidate and promote long-term recovery in pediatric brain-injured populations.
Quantitation of lead-210 (210Pb) using lead-203 (203Pb) as a "Massless" yield tracer.

Determination of Pb-210 (210Pb) in aqueous solution is a common radioanalytical challenge in environmental science. Widely used methods for undertaking these analyses (e.g., ASTM D7535) rely on the use of stable lead (Pb) as a yield tracer that takes into account losses of 210Pb that inevitably occur during elemental/radiochemical separations of the procedures. Although effective, these methods introduce technical challenges that can be difficult to track and potentially introduce uncertainty that can be difficult to quantify. Examples of these challenges include interference from endogenous stable Pb in complex sample matrices; contamination of stable Pb carrier with 210Pb; and high detection limits due to counting efficiency limitations. We hypothesized that many of these challenges could be avoided by the use of the electron-capture, gamma-emitting isotope, 203Pb as a chemical yield tracer in the analysis of 210Pb. A series of experiments were performed to evaluate the efficacy of 203Pb as a tracer. Four different matrices were analyzed, including a complex matrix (hydraulic-fracturing produced fluids); and samples comprising less complicated matrices (i.e., river water, deionized water, and tap water). Separation techniques and counting methodologies were also compared and optimized. Due to a relatively short-half life (52 h), 203Pb tracer is effectively massless for the purposes of chemical separations, allowing for reduced chromatography column resin bed volumes. Because 203Pb is a gamma emitter (279 keV; 81% intensity), recovery can be determined non-destructively in a variety of matrices, including liquid scintillation cocktail. The use of liquid scintillation as a counting methodology allowed for determination of 210Pb activities via 210Pb or 210Po; and recoveries of greater than 90% are routinely achievable using this approach. The improved method for the analysis of 210Pb in aqueous matrices allows for the analysis of complex matrices, at reduced cost, while providing greater counting flexibility in achieving acceptable detections limits.
Predictors of returns to the emergency department after head and neck surgery.

BACKGROUND Thirty-day hospital readmissions have become a measure of quality of care. Many readmissions enter through the emergency department. The purposes of this study were to determine the rate, risk factors, and costs of 30-day returns to the emergency department (30dEDRs) after head and neck surgery. METHODS All adult patients undergoing head and neck surgery at the University of Florida from 2012 to 2014 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for 30dEDRs. RESULTS We found 1065 patients who underwent 1173 procedures. There were 88 cases (7.5%) that resulted in 30dEDRs and 55 patients (4.7%) who had 30-day unplanned readmissions (30dURs). Significant predictors of 30dEDRs included: smoking; hypothyroidism; and intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Significant predictors of readmission from an emergency department visit were Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and cancer stage. Total costs of 30dEDRs and any subsequent readmissions topped $500 000. CONCLUSION The rate of 30dEDRs after head and neck surgery is low; however, these visits increase the hospitals' financial burden as well as patient morbidity. Predictors of 30dEDRs may be utilized to formulate preventative measures.
THE METHOD OF ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION

The objective of this chapter is to review a modern transformation in the teaching, research and practice of energy engineering: the increasingly important roles played by thermodynamics (especially the second law) in problem formulation, modeling and design optimization. This methodology is known as thermodynamic optimization, or entropy generation minimization (EGM) and was first recognized in a 1982 book [1]. The most recent review [2] shows that the use of this method is expanding at an accelerated pace, and that it has recently acquired alternate names such as finite time or endoreversible thermodynamics. In this chapter we illustrate the application of the method through examples selected from refrigeration.
Beyond Motivation and Metaphor: ‘Scientific Passions’ and Anthropomorphism

We align with other challenges to the idea that emotion-free science, even in principle, is a productive scientific value. We emphasize that emotion can be seen to have important functional benefits for the research scientist and the wider science. Here we analyze the function of anthropomorphic expressions from practicing bioengineering scientists and claim that anthropomorphisms can be an indirect or roundabout indicator of emotional experience. We claim that the attribution of emotional states through anthropomorphism contributes to the motivation, interest, and attention of the researcher and may carry implications of agency, such that objects central to problem solving are imbued with agency and transformed into working partners with the research scientist in cognitive practices toward shared and individual problem solving goals.
On an Ordinary African-American Citizen Negotiating Voting Rights and Voter Intimidation in Ohio 2012

I thank the Cardozo Journal for Conflict Resolution for the opportunity to present at the November 5, 2012 Symposium, “Negotiating the Extremes: Impossible Political Dialogues in the 21st Century.” This article builds on my presentation about my experience at a voter integrity group named True the Vote meeting at its Ohio Summit on August 25, 2012 and subsequently. As I have reflected on that experience it seemed that it might be useful to examine that experience through four lenses. First, I tell the personal story. Next, I reframe the experience in terms of negotiation theory with regard to difficult conversations. In making that reframing, it did occur to me that the negotiation theory analysis I was doing might be well informed by recent work on explicit bias, implicit bias and stereotype threat that could have been a second order frame around the negotiation. Third, given the positive and negative reactions to me in that space over that day and in subsequent events, I was drawn back again to Derrick Bell’s work on interest convergence theory. Fourth, with these three strands operating as the ordinary citizen experiencing a kind of dissociative moment that led to a certain galvanizing of my own activity, I was brought back to the work of Francesco Alberoni’s on how movements get started and in particular a person reaches what he terms the nascent state, seeks affinity with others and movement and institution were also relevant. Through these four lenses, I hope to assist reflection on a manner of thinking about negotiating extremes in settings of impossible political dialogue.
2.07 – Mercury and Cadmium Organometallics

This chapter discusses the formation of mercury-carbon and cadmium-carbon bonds. Important transformations involving organomercury and organocadmium derivatives are covered. The chapter also details the structures of these compounds.
Evolution of the National Institute of Nursing Research logic model for center sustainability.

Abstract Background Logic models are tools to evaluate the effectiveness of programs. In 2013, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Logic Model for Center Sustainability was developed. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of revision and implementation of the NINR Logic Model across a continuum of NINR Exploratory Centers and Centers of Excellence. Methods The process for incorporating common data elements for symptom, self-management, biomarker science and precision health in the logic model is outlined. Information about the NINR Logic Model was gleaned from the National Institutes of Health Reporter, annual NINR Center Directors meetings, and from individual Center Directors. Findings Centers utilized the model for funding applications and to guide Core administration, evaluation, Center sustainability, and/or other Center metrics. Discussion The revised NINR Logic Model for Center Sustainability can be a useful tool for planning and implementing center activities for center impact and sustainability.
Retirement Planning: A Model for Counseling

Noting the increase in the number of years that individuals live beyond the period of full-time employment, and the need to plan for those years, the authors propose a three dimensional planning mo...
Chronic sleep restriction greatly magnifies performance decrements immediately after awakening

Study objectives Sleep inertia, subjectively experienced as grogginess felt upon awakening, causes cognitive performance impairments that can require up to 1.5 hr to dissipate. It is unknown, however, how chronic sleep restriction (CSR) influences the magnitude and duration of sleep inertia-related performance deficits. Methods Twenty-six healthy participants were enrolled in one of two in-laboratory sleep restriction protocols (one 32 day randomized control and one 38 day protocol) that separated the influence of sleep and circadian effects on performance using different "day"-lengths (20 and 42.85 hr day-lengths, respectively). The sleep opportunity per 24 hr day was the equivalent of 5.6 hr for each CSR condition and 8 hr for the Control condition. Participant's performance and subjective sleepiness were assessed within ~2 min after electroencephalogram-verified awakening and every 10 min thereafter for 70 min to evaluate performance and subjective sleepiness during sleep inertia. Results Performance within 2 min of awakening was ~10% worse in CSR conditions compared with Control and remained impaired across the dissipation of sleep inertia in the CSR conditions when compared with Control. These impairments in performance during sleep inertia occurred after only chronic exposure to sleep restriction and were even worse after awakenings during the biological nighttime. Interestingly, despite differences in objective performance, there were no significant differences between groups in subjective levels of sleepiness during sleep inertia. Conclusions CSR worsens sleep inertia, especially for awakenings during the biological night. These findings are important for individuals needing to perform tasks quickly upon awakening, particularly those who obtain less than 6 hr of sleep on a nightly basis. Clinical trial The study "Sleep Duration Required to Restore Performance During Chronic Sleep Restriction" was registered as a clinical trial (#NCT01581125) at clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01581125?term=NCT01581125.&rank=1).
Analysis of Sex and Recurrence Ratios in Simplex and Multiplex Autism Spectrum Disorder Implicates Sex-Specific Alleles as Inheritance Mechanism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong male bias, with four times as many affected males as females. ASD is hypothesized to follow a polygenic disease model. While prior literature has linked several genes with the disorder, the specific genetic causes and inheritance methods underlying the condition are still widely unknown. Here, we investigate two popular theories of polygenic inheritance that could account for the male preponderance of ASD: a multiple-threshold model in which females must have a higher genetic burden in order to be affected, and a sex-specific allele model in which variants in genes and regulatory regions have sex-specific effects. We use phenotypic information from the Simons Simplex Collection of families with simplex ASD and the iHART collection of families with multiplex ASD to compare ratios of affected males and females and sex-specific recurrence rates with predictions from each of the inheritance mechanisms. Our results suggest that a sex-specific allele model can be used to explain the male bias behind ASD inheritance.
Nanoparticle dispersion in porous media in viscoelastic polymer solutions

Abstract Flow of viscoelastic fluids in porous media is ubiquitous in biological and industrial processes, and the choice of viscoelastic fluids is of foremost importance for their effect on macroscopic flow and transport properties. In this paper we study the macroscopic properties of flow and transport of viscoelastic fluids through a model porous media by means of Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). We show that flow of a viscoelastic fluid modeled via a FENE-P constitutive model features three distinct regimes of flow resistance: a plateau at low Deborah numbers, and a shear-thinning phase followed by an abrupt flow thickening above a critical Deborah number, consistent with experimental observations. Congruous to this shear-thickening, we observe the onset of hydrodynamic instabilities resulting in fluctuations in pressure drop and flow resistance. These fluctuations intensify with increasing the fluid elasticity. Finally, we investigate Lagrangian attributes of viscoelastic flow and transport through porous media. We find that although the fluid elasticity broadens the Lagrangian velocity distributions, it does not alter the long-term particle dispersion in disordered porous media.
Same-Race Student–Teacher: Comparing Outcomes for Kindergartners With and Without Disabilities:

Although numerous studies have examined if students of color benefit from having a teacher of the same race/ethnicity, all attention has been paid to students without disabilities. We examine wheth...
Partial Discharge Finite Element Analysis under Fast, Repetitive Voltage Pulses

Wide bandgap (WBG) devices able to tolerate high voltages and currents and operating at higher frequencies are the most promising approach for reducing the size and weight of power management and conversion systems. These systems are envisaged to be widely used in next generation aircraft, ships, and vehicles, which are expected to be more electric or, possibly, all electric as well as in power grids. However, accelerated aging of solid dielectrics used in various apparatuses for electrification of the applications above under fast (slew rates (dv /dt) ranging from tens to hundreds of kV/$\mu$s) and repetitive voltage pulses (frequencies ranging from hundreds of kHz to MHz) originated from WBG-based system due to partial discharges (PD) can offset or even be an obstacle for using WBG-based systems. Several factors affect the happening of PD, of which frequency and rise-time can be enumerated as the most important ones. In this paper, a cavity-dielectric model is developed to investigate the PD phenomena. In order to model the case study, and dynamically monitor the changes in the electric field and voltage distribution in both cavity and dielectric, Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) is employed. The model development and analysis is performed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The occurrence of PD and the impact of different parameters on PD ignition, such as cavity shape, cavity diameter, and frequency are evaluated.
Blockade of IL-17 signaling reverses alcohol-induced liver injury and excessive alcohol drinking in mice

Chronic alcohol abuse has a detrimental effect on the brain and liver. There is no effective treatment for these patients, and the mechanism underlying alcohol addiction and consequent alcohol-induced damage of the liver/brain axis remains unresolved. We compared experimental models of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and alcohol dependence in mice and demonstrated that genetic ablation of IL-17 receptor A (IL-17ra-/-) or pharmacological blockade of IL-17 signaling effectively suppressed the increased voluntary alcohol drinking in alcohol-dependent mice and blocked alcohol-induced hepatocellular and neurological damage. The level of circulating IL-17A positively correlated with the alcohol use in excessive drinkers and was further increased in patients with ALD as compared with healthy individuals. Our data suggest that IL-17A is a common mediator of excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced liver/brain injury, and targeting IL-17A may provide a novel strategy for treatment of alcohol-induced pathology.
Neonatal care and community-level treatment seeking for possible severe bacterial infection (PSBI) in Amhara, Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality accounts for approximately 54% of under-five deaths with the majority of these deaths driven by infections. Possible Severe Bacterial Infection (PSBI) in neonates is a syndromic diagnosis that non-clinical health care providers use to identify and treat newborns with signs of sepsis. In low- and middle–income countries, referral to a hospital may not be feasible due to transportation, distance or finances. Growing evidence suggests health extension workers (HEWs) can identify and manage PSBI at the community level when referral to a hospital is not possible. However, community-based PSBI care strategies have not been widely scaled-up. This study aims to understand general determinants of household-level care as well as household care seeking and decision-making strategies for neonatal PSBI symptoms. We conducted eleven focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore illness recognition and care seeking intentions from four rural kebeles in Amhara, Ethiopia. FGDs were conducted among mothers, fathers and households with recruitment stratified among households that have had a newborn with at least one symptom of PSBI (Symptomatic Group), and households that have had a newborn regardless of the child’s health status (Community Group). Data were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software. Mothers were described as primary caretakers of the newborn and were often appreciated for making decisions for treatment, even when the father was not present. Type of care accessed was often dependent on conceptualization of the illness as simple or complex. When symptoms were not relieved with clinical care, or treatments at facilities were perceived as ineffective, alternative methods were sought. Most participants identified the health center as a reliable facility. While designed to be the first point of access for primary care, health posts were not mentioned as locations where families seek clinical treatment. This study describes socio-contextual drivers for PSBI treatment at the community level. Future programming should consider the role community members have in planning interventions to increase demand for neonatal care at primary facilities. Encouragement of health post utilization could further allow for heightened accessibility-acceptability of a simplified PSBI regimen.
Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation Between Veterans Affairs and Civilian Hospitals: Considerations in the Context of the MISSION Act

Objective We sought to compare kidney transplantation outcomes between Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA transplant centers. Summary background data Transplant care at the VA has previously been scrutinized due to geographic and systematic barriers. The recently instituted MISSION Act entered effect June 6, 2019, which enables veteran access to surgical care at civilian hospitals if certain eligibility criteria are met. Methods We evaluated observed-to-expected outcome ratios (O:E) for graft loss and mortality using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database for all kidney transplants during a 15-year period (July 1, 2001-June 30, 2016). Of 229,188 kidney transplants performed during the study period, 1508 were performed at VA centers (N = 7), 7750 at the respective academic institutions affiliated with these VA centers, and 227,680 at non-VA centers nationwide (N = 286). Results Aggregate O:E ratios for mortality were lower in VA centers compared with non-VA centers at 1 month and 1 year (O:E = 0.27 vs 1.00, P = 0.03 and O:E = 0.62 vs 1.00, P = 0.03, respectively). Graft loss at 1 month and 1 year was similar between groups (O:E = 0.65 vs 1.00, P = 0.11 and O:E = 0.79 vs 1.00, P = 0.15, respectively). Ratios for mortality and graft loss were similar between VA centers and their respective academic affiliates. Additionally, a subgroup analysis for graft loss and mortality at 3 years (study period January 1, 2009-December 31, 2013) demonstrated no significant differences between VA centers, VA-affiliates, and all non-VA centers. Conclusions Despite low clinical volume, VA centers offer excellent outcomes in kidney transplantation. Veteran referral to civilian hospitals should weigh the benefit of geographic convenience and patient preference with center outcomes.
Comparison of catheter reconstruction techniques for the lunar ovoid channels of the VeneziaTM applicator

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare catheter reconstruction methods for lunar ovoid channels of the VeneziaTM advanced gynecological applicator (Elekta, Sweden). Material and methods Three available lunar ovoid sizes (22, 26, and 30 mm effective diameter) were evaluated. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed with a dummy wire inserted and with the Flexitron® source position simulator (SPS) at step sizes of 5 mm from the most distal dwell position. Treatment plans were generated in Oncentra® (version 4.5.3) with different catheter reconstruction techniques: centerline reconstruction, tracing a CT dummy wire, using a source path model provided by Elekta, and using the SPS at each planning dwell position. Source position agreement was assessed in registered CT images, and dose differences were calculated with the SPS-based treatment plan as a reference. Finally, dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were evaluated for clinical plans with the VeneziaTM applicator. Results For the most distal dwell position, the manufacturer's model had the closest agreement with the SPS at 0.6 ±0.3 mm across applicator sizes. Relative to the SPS, maximal dose differences outside of the applicator were between 16-39% for a 0.1 cm3 volume and 3.6-9.1% for a 2.0 cm3 volume. For two clinical plans, volume-based DVH parameters agreed ≤ 3.9%, while deviations ≤ 5.3% were seen for point metrics. Conclusions Relative to the SPS-based plan, large local dose discrepancies were reduced, but not eliminated, using the manufacturer's source path model. The choice of reconstruction technique was found to have relatively limited impact on DVH parameters for regions outside of the vaginal mucosa.
Abstract 366: Association Between Attitudes and Preferences in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Personality Traits in High-risk, Out-patient Healthcare Settings

Background: Little is known about attitudes and preferences towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by outpatient healthcare employees. Investigations assessing the relationship between persona...
Will Individual Actions Do the Trick? Comparing Climate Change Mitigation Through Geoengineering Versus Reduced Vehicle Emissions

Geoengineering is the focus of a large debate over potential solutions to climate change However, in the midst of geoengineering and other large‐scale proposals, such as reducing emissions at an industrial level, the role of individual actions to reduce emissions is often overlooked Given the current and fast‐paced changes we have seen as emissions are reduced by COVID‐19 social distancing strategies, it is time to re‐examine the impact that individual actions can have This paper considers how one individual action (reducing carbon dioxide emissions from gasoline‐fueled private vehicles), when adopted at a global scale, may have an effect that is comparable to the effects of geoengineering This paper also argues that the role of geoengineering as a safeguard against climate change may be encouraging complacency and reducing motivation for individual action
Phenological synchrony between a weed (Dioscorea bulbifera) and a biocontrol agent (Lilioceris cheni) in the introduced range, Florida: implications for biological control

Dioscorea bulbifera has invaded, smothered, and disrupted ecological functions of native plant communities in Florida. Vines senesce in late fall, then overwinter as tubers and aerial bulbils which...