cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of indoleacetic acid on the desmid Micrasterias thomasiana

Abstract The addition of 0.4 mg/l of IAA to Waris solution (pH 6.8), induced a 50% increase in 5 days in the rate of cell division in the desmid alga, Micrasterias thomasiana. The same IAA concentration at a pH of 5.3 stimulated a 31% increase in cell division over the same time period, while simultaneously overcoming the growth inhibition of control cells grown at pH 5.3. The primary wall of dividing cells ruptured immediately upon contact when placed in IAA concentrations of 0.5–5.0 mg/l and a pH lower than 4.5. Gibberellic acid at concentrations of 5–10 mg/l and a pH lower than 5.0 caused marked swelling of non-dividing cells, and was eventually lethal.
Campus interviews — “What do they want from me?” Approach on-campus interviews by considering what is right for you

I have occasion to speak to student groups fairly frequently in my role as Regional Recruiting Manager for General Electric. To get job-hunting students on the right track, I tell them that, instead of asking “What is the company interviewer looking for in me?” they might better approach the interview cycle with this question: “How can I select the job opportunity that's right and the company that's best for me?”
Bubble memory as small mass storage

Abstract Magnetic bubble memories (MBM) show potential of becoming a major storage technology by 1980. At the same time, the established disk technology will see continued technological and cost-performance improvements well into the 1980's. The fast development of MOS RAM in both cost per bit and bits per chip will also continue at a rapid rate. The emerging MBM technology as well as CCD and EBAM technologies must be competitive with semiconductor RAM's on one hand and disk technology on the other hand for successful market entry. This paper outlines how magnetic bubble memories can achieve status as a major mass storage technology. The key is the growth of microprocessor (MPU) based systems with resulting demand for low cost, small mass storage. MBM characteristics satisfy the requirements for microprocessor mass storage.
The neuropsychological consequences of abstinence among older alcoholics: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The older alcoholic has been distinguished from the younger alcoholic with regard to both the acute effects of alcohol and also the recovery of functioning with abstinence. Few studies, however, have included samples of exclusively older subjects. In this investigation we examined the recovery of functioning in an older cohort of recovering alcoholics (age range 55–83) to determine which neuropsychological functions improve and which remain impaired with abstinence. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design, comparing three demographically matched groups on a battery of neuropsychological tests: (a) older alcoholics who had been abstinent for greater than 6 months, (b) older alcoholics who had been abstinent for less than 6 months, and (c) a control group of older subjects without alcohol abuse histories. Results: In almost all tasks, the alcoholics who were abstinent for less than 6 months performed worse than the control group. In contrast, the alcoholics who had been abstinent for more than 6 months differed from the control group on learning and recall of a word list, immediate and delayed recall of a complex figure, initial letter fluency, and clock drawing. Conclusions: Memory and executive skills appear to be resistant to recovery or at least slower to recover with abstinence in the older alcoholic. The impairment with visuospatial skills reported in prior investigations of alcoholics may be related to compromised executive functions, which interfere with the encoding of more complex visuospatial information and thus affect recall of such information. Studies that involve larger samples of older alcoholics are needed to understand their ability to recover cognitive functioning with abstinence.
Physician career satisfaction within specialties

Background Specialty-specific data on career satisfaction may be useful for understanding physician workforce trends and for counseling medical students about career options.
The relationship between the physical structure and the microscopic deformation and failure processes of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers

Relations between the physical structure and the deformation and failure processes of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers are reported. The effects of the physical processes involved in fiber fabrication, including the crystallization of PPTA-H2SO4 dopes under stress, are considered in relation to their effect on the structure of the fiber. The deformation and failure processes together with the structure of the fiber are discussed in the light of fracture-topography studies of fiber-epoxy composite strands, single filaments, HCl-etched and unetched yarns, and transmission optical microscopy studies of stressed and unstressed yarns. In view of these observations, the physical structure of PPTA fibers is discussed in terms of pleated H-bond sheets, the macromolecular chain-end concentration and distribution, and the presence of impurities. The structural parameters that affect the failure processes of these fibers and how such parameters can be modified by service environment conditions are also addressed.
Formation of Vascular S-Nitrosothiols and Plasma Nitrates/Nitrites Following Inhalation of Diesel Emissions

Epidemiological studies have associated traffic-related airborne pollution with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a common component of fresh diesel and gasoline engine emissions that rapidly transforms both in the atmosphere and once inhaled. Because of this rapid transformation, limited information is available in terms of potential human exposures and adverse health effects. Young rats were exposed to whole diesel emissions (DE) adjusted to 300 μg/m(3) of particulate matter (containing 3.5 ppm NO) or 0, 3, or 10 ppm NO as a positive control. Animals were also pre-injected (ip) with either saline or N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione. Predictably, pure NO exposures led to a concentration-dependent increase in plasma nitrates compared to controls, which lasted for roughly 4 h postexposure. Whole DE exposure for 1 h also led to a doubling of plasma NOx. NAC injection increased the levels of plasma nitrates and nitrites (NOx) in the DE exposure group. Inhibition of nitric oxide symthase (NOS) by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) did not block the rise in plasma NOx, demonstrating that the increase was entirely due to exogenous sources. Both DE and pure NO exposures paradoxically led to elevated eNOS expression in aortic tissue. Furthermore, coronary arterioles from NO-exposed animals exhibited greater constriction to endothelin-1 compared to controls, consistent with a derangement of the NOS system. Thus, NO may be an important contributor to traffic-related cardiovascular morbidity, although further research is necessary for proper hazard identification.
When medicine and culture intersect. Changing patient demographics mean traditional approaches are inadequate.

(2002). When medicine and culture intersect. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 112, No. 4, pp. 11-15.
Structure and membrane orientation of IAPP in its natively amidated form at physiological pH in a membrane environment

Human islet amyloid polypeptide is a hormone coexpressed with insulin by pancreatic beta-cells. For reasons not clearly understood, hIAPP aggregates in type II diabetics to form oligomers that interfere with beta-cell function, eventually leading to the loss of insulin production. The cellular membrane catalyzes the formation of amyloid deposits and is a target of amyloid toxicity through disruption of the membrane's structural integrity. Therefore, there is considerable current interest in solving the 3D structure of this peptide in a membrane environment. NMR experiments could not be directly utilized in lipid bilayers due to the rapid aggregation of the peptide. To overcome this difficulty, we have solved the structure of the naturally occurring peptide in detergent micelles at a neutral pH. The structure has an overall kinked helix motif, with residues 7-17 and 21-28 in a helical conformation, and with a 3(10) helix from Gly 33-Asn 35. In addition, the angle between the N- and C-terminal helices is constrained to 85°. The greater helical content of human IAPP in the amidated versus free acid form is likely to play a role in its aggregation and membrane disruptive activity.
Recovery of 13CO2 during rest and exercise after [1-13C]acetate, [2-13C]acetate, and NaH13CO3infusions

For estimating the oxidation rates (Rox) of glucose and other substrates by use of13C-labeled tracers, we obtained correction factors to account for label dilution in endogenous bicarbonate pools a...
Banking Structure and the National Capital Market, 1869–1914: A Comment

Marie E. Sushka and W. Brian Barrett's study evaluating the postbellum development of the American capital market makes a number of interesting points, but their use of inappropriate data and their methods of analysis call into question their conclusions. ' Sushka and Barrett proxy regional interest rates by the regional net rates of return derived by Lance E. Davis in his 1965 study.2 The Davis data afford them a longer time period than would other series, but Davis's net rates of return on earning assets are not satisfactory proxies for interest rates.3 This point has been made elsewhere, but it needs to be reemphasized and further defended.4 In his 1965 study Davis presented gross and net rates of return on earning assets for country and city bank regions. The net rates covered the years 1869 through 1914, but the gross rates could only be calculated for the years 1888 through 1914. The gross rates were calculated as the ratio of the gross earnings of the banks divided by the level of income earning assets at a call date in the middle of the year. However, gross earnings were not reported prior to 1888. Since net earnings were reported back to 1869, net rates of return could be calculated from 1869 to 1914. Net earnings were gross earnings less operating expenses, taxes paid, and premiums and losses charged off against gross earnings. Davis suggested that, "the net rates of return are a fairly good proxy for long-
Amphotericin B-induced resistance to Schistosoma mansoni.

Amphotericin B (AmB) increases host resistance against several infectious agents and tumors. We evaluated its effect on infections with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni. A single dose of 500 microgram i.p. or 25 microgram i.v. increased resistance in mice to a challenge with 500 or 100 S. mansoni cercariae. Schistosomula recovery from the lungs, 5 days after challenge, was reduced 33 to 40%. Adult worm recovery 8 wk after infection was reduced 36 to 43%, AmB was effective in protecting mice when given from 9 days before until the day of cercarial challenge but was ineffective 2 wk before or at all intervals after S. mansoni infection. To examine the mechanism of this resistance, we obtained peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from animals treated with AmB and assessed their ability to kill schistosomula, the migrating larval stage of the parasite. Killing by adherent PEC 1 or 2 days after AmB treatment was the same as that of resident macrophages from untreated animals. Adherent PEC from animals 3 to 7 days after AmB treatment showed enhanced killing of schistosomula (38.0 plus or minus 3.0% at day 4, which exceeded control of 8.1 plus or minus 4.0%, p less than 0.01). These PEC also displayed increased killing of Staphylococcus aureus. When AmB was added to cultures of resident peritoneal adherent cells from untreated mice at 0.5 microgram/ml to 2.0 microgram/ml (concentrations not toxic to the organism), schistosomula killing was increased 1- to 6- fold. These findings demonstrate activation of murine macrophages by AmB in vitro and in vivo, which results in greater killing of this multicellular parasite and potentially contributes to enhanced resistance to infection.
Corticotropin releasing factor distribution in normal and Brattleboro rat brain, and effect of deafferentation, hypophysectomy and steroid treatment in normal animals.

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) activity was determined (dispersed pituitary cell assay) in rat median eminence (ME), various hypothalamic nuclei, as well as in entire median basal hypothalamus (MBH) and extra-hypothalamic areas. Highest concentrations were seen in ME, with decreased concentrations noted proceeding dorsally and cephalad from ME. Potency (NIAMDD HE-RP-1, ME reference extract, equivalent to 1.0) estimates were: ME-2.2; arcuate n.-0.88; dorsomedial n.-041; ventromedial n.-0.35; periventricular n.-0.24; hypothalamus-0.05; thalamus-0.01; cortex-0.005. Measurable, but lesser amounts, than in the above cited nuclei, were present in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. CRF activity was not measurable in preoptic area, septum, olfactory bulb, striatum, mesencephalon, pons, medulla or cerebellum. Complete hypothalamic deafferentation was accompanied by an increase in CRF activity/μg protein in ME and MBH, associated with decreased AM plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. CRF-like ac...
Is a short, sharp shock equivalent to long-term punishment? Contrasting the spatial pattern of acute and chronic ozone damage to soybean leaves via chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.

Experimental investigations of ozone (O 3 ) effects on plants have commonly used short, acute [O 3 ] exposure (>100 ppb, on the order of hours), while in field crops damage is more likely caused by chronic exposure (<100 ppb, on the order of weeks). How different are the O 3 effects induced by these two fumigation regimes? The leaf-level photosynthetic response of soybean to acute [O 3 ] (400 ppb, 6 h) and chronic [O 3 ] (90 ppb, 8 h d -1 , 28 d) was contrasted via simultaneous in vivo measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging (CFI) and gas exchange. Both exposure regimes lowered leaf photosynthetic CO 2 uptake about 40% and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (F q '/F m ') by 20% compared with controls, but this decrease was far more spatially heterogeneous in the acute treatment. Decline in F q '/F m ' in the acute treatment resulted equally from decreases in the maximum efficiency of PSII (F v '/F m ') and the proportion of open PSII centres (F q '/F v '), but in the chronic treatment decline in F q '/F m ' resulted only from decrease in F q '/F v '. Findings suggest that acute and chronic [O 3 ] exposures do not induce identical mechanisms of O 3 damage within the leaf, and using one fumigation method alone is not sufficient for understanding the full range of mechanisms of O 3 damage to photosynthetic production in the field.
Multiple radio wave scattering by sea surface at low grazing angles

The problem of very high frequency (VHF) radiowave propagation over the sea surface at low grazing angles is of a great interest for a lot of applications including radar backscattering at different polarizations. Existing theoretical approaches predict much bigger backscattering cross section for vertical polarized (TM) waves as compared to horizontal polarized (TE) waves, and are unable to give satisfactory explanation of experimental results showing that these two values occasionally can be of the same order. In this paper two main features are taken into account in a theoretical investigation of the processes of VHF radiowave backscattering by the rough sea surface at low grazing angles: a) distortion of the incident plane wave by diffraction effects at the sea wave crests prior to scattering by smallscale roughness; b) the concave form of the most part of the visible undulating sea surface. The incident wave diffraction caused by sea wave crests is considered using the simplest model of the crest shape, i.e. a perfectly conducting wedge. It is shown that the diffraction in forward direction at low grazing angles increases the strength of the horizontal polarized field as compared to the vertical polarized one just near the boundary between shadowed and illuminated parts of the surface. Back scattering of electromagnetic waves from cylindrical impedance concave statistically rough surface is studied analytically by the small perturbation method.
Inhibitors of a Rat Brain Enkephalin Aminopeptidase

Eight protease inhibitors of microbiological origin were examined as potential inhibitors of a homogeneous rat brain enkephalin aminopeptidase. Bestatin [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]-L-leucine and analogs of bestatin having basic, acid, and other neutral amino acids substituted for the Leu residue exhibited inhibition constants ranging from 3.3 X 10(-5) to 8.3 X 10(-8) M. The best inhibitor had a positively charged amino acid (Lys) substituted for Leu. A series of phenylalanyl dipeptides were examined as substrates with the aminopeptidase. The amino acid residue on the carboxyl side of the peptide bond undergoing cleavage was varied systematically in the dipeptides to include neutral, acidic, and basic residues. Again, a positively charged amino acid (Arg) adjacent to the bond undergoing scission was kinetically preferred. These results may be used to design highly specific inhibitors of the enkephalin aminopeptidase.
Ultra-low voltage substrate-removed mach-zehnder intensity modulators with integrated electrical drivers

Integration of traveling wave electrical drivers with wide bandwidth ultra-low V π substrate removed electro-optic modulators is studied. 1.5 mm long device with 0.1 V V π , 50 Ω input impedance and 15 GHz bandwidth seems possible.
Capsulation of pneumococcus with soluble cell wall-like polysaccharide. II. Nonidentity of cell wall and soluble cell wall-like polysaccharides derived from the same and from different pneumococcal strains.

Methods are described for the separation of the C or cell wall polysaccharide from the Cs or soluble C-like capsular polysaccharide of Cs pneumococcal strains. Immunologic analysis has shown that both the C and Cs polysaccharides of a variety of pneumococcal strains are heterogeneous and that the dissimilarities appear to reside in the mucopeptide portion of the molecule or in the region of its attachment to the teichoic acid moiety of the molecule rather than in the teichoic acid fraction. Differences of the type described have been observed in the C polysaccharides of wild-type capsulated strains of several types, in those of independently isolated noncapsulated variants derived from a single strain of a given capsular type, and in the C and Cs polysaccharides of spontaneous mutant or transformed strains of pneumococci producing capsules of Cs polysaccharide.
A framework for Web-enabled e-maintenance systems

Web-enabled technologies play indispensable roles in supporting and enabling product life-cycle systems in a changing business environment. The need to improve a product's performance in after-market services leads to the use of e-maintenance systems for achieving six-sigma predictive customer services. This paper presents a framework for Web-enabled e-maintenance systems. With the proper integration of e-maintenance into products, manufacturing and service systems, manufacturers and users will benefit from the increased equipment and process reliability.
A smart approach for process variation correlation modeling

Process variation has become a serious concern in nanometer technologies. Designs with competitive margins rely on well-characterized statistical models, which must predict the magnitude and scalability of variability accurately. In this paper, we propose a novel approach in creating the statistical models, which tracks the global variation correlation among logic and SRAM devices, hence more realistic. The simulation result is verified with TSMC N28 technology silicon. Two types of circuits, SRAM Vccmin calibration and a SRAM tracking circuit with logic, are discussed in this paper. Different simulation setups are applied on these two circuits to understand the impact of device correlation for the SRAM performance and design margin setting.
Physiological ecology of seed germination for the columnar cactus Stenocereus queretaroensis

Abstract Responses of seed germination to temperature, water potential, time after harvest, and light were investigated for Stenocereus queretaroensis, a columnar cactus native to west central Mexico. Germination was optimal between 20°C and 30°C, and the germination percentage decreased as the water potential was lowered from 0·00 to −1·0 MPa. Maximal germination of 85% occurred for seeds that were 11 – 28 months old. Germination required light but became light saturated at a photosynthetic photon flux over 10 days of only 0·15 μmol m−2 s−1 (equivalent to a fluence of 67 mmol m−2). Germination was apparently phytochrome mediated, as evidenced by its relative spectral sensitivity (greatest at 660 nm). The environmental requirements for breaking seed dormancy for S. queretaroensis are finely tuned to those typical of the rainy season in its native habitat.
Zipf's law as a tool in strategic, military, and economic intelligence

Discusses the logic, characteristics, and applicability of Zipf's Law. The fundamental innovation of this paper is the fact that Zipf's Law may be used to obtain global information from limited local data.
Mapping disulfide bonds in insulin with the Route 66 Method: selective cleavage of S-C bonds using alkali and alkaline earth metal enolate complexes.

Simple and fast identification of disulfide linkages in insulin is demonstrated with a peptic digest using the Route 66 method. This is accomplished by collisional activation of singly and doubly charged cationic Na^+ and Ca^2+ complexes generated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Collisional activation of doubly charged metal complexes of peptides with intermolecular disulfide linkages yields two sets of singly charged paired products separated by 66 mass units resulting from selective S-C bond cleavages. Highly selective elimination of 66 mass units, which corresponds to the molecular weight of hydrogen disulfide (H_2S_2), is observed from singly charged metal complexes of peptides with disulfide linkages. The mechanism proposed for these processes is initiated by formation of a metal-stabilized enolate at Cys, followed by cleavage of the S-C bond. Further activation of the products yields sequence information that facilitates locating the position of the disulfide linkages in the peptic digest fragments. For example, the doubly charged Ca^(2+) complex of the peptic digest product GIVEQCCASVCSL/FVNQHLCGSHL yields paired products separated by 66 mass units resulting from selective S-C bond cleavages at an intermolecular disulfide linkage under low-energy collision-induced dissociation. Further activation of the product comprising the A chain reveals the presence of a second disulfide bridge, an intramolecular linkage. Experimental and theoretical studies of the disulfide linked model peptides provide mechanistic details for the selective cleavage of the S-C bond.
Stabilization of multimachine power systems via hybrid control

An energy-based hybrid control framework for stabilization of multimachine power systems is proposed as a means to enhance transient stability of power systems. This approach is based on energy representation of power systems by using port-controlled Hamiltonian forms. The controllers utilize logic-based switching to enhance energy dissipation for the synchronous generators. This paper develops general energy dissipating excitation control design and stabilization results for such controllers.
Risk-taking as a Learning Process for Shaping Teen's Online Information Privacy Behaviors

Through a secondary data analysis of a nationally representative Pew survey [35-36], we empirically test the validity of two contrasting theoretical models of adolescent information privacy behaviors. Our results suggest that in seeking to understand the underlying processes of teens' privacy risk-taking and risk-coping behaviors within social media, a "risk-centric" framework may be more useful than a traditional "concern-centric" framework that emphasizes privacy antecedents and outcomes. Our newly proposed and validated "risk-centric" framework implies a possible risk escalation process wherein teens make online disclosures and render themselves more susceptible to experiences of risky online interactions; in turn, these risky experiences are associated with higher levels of teen privacy concern. Higher levels of teen privacy concern predict both advice-seeking and remedy/corrective risk-coping behaviors. Drawing on theories of information privacy and developmental psychology, we discuss these findings from the perspective of allowing teens to experience some level of online risk so that they can learn how to navigate the dangers and reap the benefits of online engagement.
Pre-Newtonian Ideas of the Nature of Light

The question of the nature of light is not new, but goes back to antiquity. Today most general physics texts, if they make any attempt to deal with the historical aspect of the question, devote at most a few sentences to the classical Newtonian-Huygens controversy regarding the corpuscular versus the wave nature of light. A few texts add a statement to the effect that some of the ancients considered light to be something emitted by the eye, and drop the matter there. Here we shall fill in more details about these ideas.
Statewide Responses to a Proposed Realignment of Juvenile Corrections in Arizona

As states face shrinking budgets, new options for correctional supervision are being sought. One solution has been to shift the responsibility for custody from the state to county level through a p...
The clustered protocadherin endolysosomal trafficking motif mediates cytoplasmic association

Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) are a large family of neural cadherin-like proteins encoded by individual exons located within three gene clusters. Each exon codes an extracellular, transmembrane, and proximal cytoplasmic domain. These “variable” regions may be spliced to a constant cytoplasmic moiety encoded at the end of a cluster. Pcdh extracellular domains mediate homophilic cell-cell binding but their cytoplasmic domains cause intracellular retention and may negatively regulate Pcdh cell-cell binding. Pcdhs can be found at the cell surface in neurons and other cells but are also, unlike classical cadherins, prominently trafficked to the endolysosome system. It was previously found that a segment within the variable portion of the Pcdh-γA3 cytoplasmic domain (VCD) was shown to be necessary for endolysosomal trafficking. Here it is shown that this same VCD segment can mediate cytoplasmic association among Pcdhs from the different clusters. Internal deletions within this VCD region (termed here the VCD motif) that disrupt the association altered trafficking of Pcdh-γA3 in the endolysosomal system while deletions outside VCD motif did not affect trafficking. The results show that Pcdhs associate cytoplasmically via a motif within the VCD and that this is critical for Pcdh trafficking. Given that truncation at the VCD motif alters endolysosomal trafficking of Pcdhs, the VCD interaction described here may provide new insights into the dynamic nature of Pcdh mediated cell-cell interactions.
A method for establishing a long duration, stratospheric platform for astronomical research

During certain times of the year at middle and low latitudes, winds in the upper stratosphere move in nearly the opposite direction than the wind in the lower stratosphere. Here we present a method for maintaining a high-altitude balloon platform in near station-keeping mode that utilizes this stratospheric wind shear. The proposed method places a balloon-borne science platform high in the stratosphere connected by a lightweight, high-strength tether to a tug vehicle located in the lower or middle stratosphere. Using aerodynamic control surfaces, wind-induced aerodynamic forces on the tug can be manipulated to counter the wind drag acting on the higher altitude science vehicle, thus controlling the upper vehicle’s geographic location. We describe the general framework of this station-keeping method, some important properties required for the upper stratospheric science payload and lower tug platforms, and compare this station-keeping approach with the capabilities of a high altitude airship and conventional tethered aerostat approaches. We conclude by discussing the advantages of such a platform for a variety of missions with emphasis on astrophysical research.
Surgical versus conservative management of adult intussusception: Case series and review.

Abstract Introduction Intussusception is the telescoping of a segment of bowel into its adjacent segment. It is a known cause of abdominal pain in the pediatric population, however, it is rare in the adult. Adults do not always present with the typical symptoms seen in young children, making the clinical diagnosis more difficult. The etiology of adult intussusception can be idiopathic, benign, or malignant. Diagnosis is most accurately made with computed tomography, which is sensitive in detecting intussusception as well as potential lead points. Presentation of cases This study presents four adult patients with intussusception. The first three patients are adults with idiopathic intussusception and no evidence of a lead point. The fourth case involves intussusception secondary to a jejunal carcinoid tumor which was treated surgically. Each case has unique features in terms of length and number of intussusceptions, duration of symptoms, and recurrence. Discussion Surgical treatment was once argued to be universally appropriate for adult intussusceptions; however, with increased use of advanced imaging, newer literature is demonstrating that this is not true in all cases. Idiopathic intussusception presents with nonspecific symptoms and can be managed with supportive care when the history and clinical picture indicate low probability of a neoplasm. Conclusion This study aims to raise awareness to the potential diagnosis and management of intussusceptions, particularly the symptomatic idiopathic type in the young adult.
UNEMPLOYMENT AND PARTISANSHIP A Second Opinion

Evidence supporting the Schlozman and Verba hypothesis that unemployment leads to abandonment of affiliation with the incumbent party is questioned in light of the Niemi et al. critique of partisan recall data. The 1974-1976 CPS National Election Panel provides more appropriate data for testing the hypothesis. Support for the hypothesis is not as strong as Schlozman and Verba's analysis would suggest. However, the panel data do lend some credence to the proposition that job loss will lead to erosion of political support for the incumbent party.
Colored Revolutions, Interpersonal Trust, and Confidence in Institutions: The Consequences of Mass Uprisings*

Objective Recent upheavals in the Middle East raise a number of questions regarding the consequences of mass uprisings. We examine the impact that earlier peaceful revolutions had on interpersonal and institutional trust in the postcommunist world. Methods Data were collected from eight countries using two waves from the World Values Survey, three of which had experienced a colored revolt. The article uses mixed effects logit analysis and quasi-experimental techniques. Results Levels of social trust are much less in countries where a colored revolution occurred than in countries that had not experienced such an uprising. However, confidence in political institutions increased in contrast to countries that had not experienced an uprising. Conclusion The level of interpersonal trust is not necessarily connected to the level of institutional trust. The decline in interpersonal trust in post-colored-revolution societies does not bode well for the development of democracy after mass upheaval.
Collaborative Mechanisms in Interlocal Cooperation A Longitudinal Examination

Local government administrators have embraced intergovernmental collaboration as a viable alternative in the delivery of public programs for many years, characterizing an increasing emphasis on interlocal cooperation as a response to common problems and situational needs. In the process of collaboration, local governments often use a combination of linking mechanisms, ranging in degrees of formality and specificity. This study longitudinally examines the administrative networks and mutual organizations that comprise the collaborative mechanisms of municipalities in the state of Nebraska. The findings suggest that, over time, the nature and use of interlocal cooperation mechanisms have shifted toward the more informal and general varieties.
The Effects of Medicare Part D on Health Outcomes of Newly Covered Medicare Beneficiaries

Objectives To estimate the impact of Medicare Part D on cost-related prescription nonadherence and health outcomes among the newly covered medicare beneficiaries. Method Difference-in-differences analyses of data from a balanced panel of Medicare beneficiaries observed in each wave of the Health and Retirement Study from 2000 to 2010 were carried out. The differences in the pre- and post-Part D changes in these outcomes are calculated for previously uncovered Part D enrollees and a comparison group of previously covered Medicare beneficiaries. Results The results from this analysis indicate that Part D reduced cost-related nonadherence rates among the newly covered by 7 percentage points and that this decline was sustained through 2010. Part D was also associated with a 5 percentage points increase in the likelihood that a newly covered enrollee reported to be in good or better health and a 4-percentage point decline in the likelihood of being diagnosed with high blood pressure. These improvements were also sustained through 2010 but were only evident among those newly covered beneficiaries who remained enrolled in a Part D plan through 2010. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that Part D improved the blood pressure of newly covered, hypertensive beneficiaries. Discussion Part D has had a sustained impact on cost-related nonadherence rates and the health status of newly covered beneficiaries. However, the change in health status is conditional on remaining enrolled in a Part D plan over time.
Social Media “Teleco-presence” Theory of Identity

This paper examines the issue of social media interpersonal human interactions. The onslaught of social networking sites on the Internet for inter-human synchronous and asynchronous communication has revolutionized interactive communication. The fragmentation of audiences from the cultural, gender, class, race and value perspectives has complicated a unique theoretical dimension for understanding these forms of communications on social media. This paper attempts to conceptualize a theoretical benchmark for understanding identity formation when it comes to interpersonal communication level.
Rasul v. Bush and the Intra-Territorial Constitution

Rasul v. Bush and the Intra-territorial Constitution is one part of a broader project to develop a broad, substantive understanding of the Rasul case, as a challenge to the conventional view that Rasul offers little more than a narrow jurisdictional holding. This article argues that Rasul not only conferred jurisdiction on federal courts to hear habeas petitions challenging detentions in Guantanamo, but also concluded that detainees should be afforded certain fundamental constitutional rights. This is a contestable proposition because prior case law had restricted the applicability of constitutional rights to foreigners on foreign soil. Nevertheless, the article proceeds by first rejecting the view that Guantanamo detainees can be considered "enemy aliens" held on "foreign soil," by describing the distinctive legal status both the place of Guantanamo and the detainees held there, occupy. It then argues that a significant footnote in the Rasul opinion expressly concludes as a matter of law that detainees should be afforded basic constitutional rights, and demonstrates the footnote's firm historical and doctrinal grounding in the so-called Insular Cases from the turn-of-the century and from more recent, functionalist jurisprudence of Justices Harlan and Kennedy. Finally, the article provides a framework for what those fundamental constitutional rights should include, and charts the ways in which current procedural protections provided by the military and defended by the government throughout the post-Rasul litigation are constitutionally deficient.
Gd-based MR contrast agents for molecular imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen

109 Objectives PSMA is an attractive target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. Previously, we demonstrated successful PET and SPECT imaging using radiolabeled, urea-based PSMA inhibitors in mice and man. We hypothesized that PSMA could also serve as a suitable target for MR-based molecular imaging because of the high target concentration (~3 μM/cell volume) as well as the extra-cellular location of the ligand binding site. We have synthesized three new Gd-based contrast agents to evaluate relaxometric properties of the agents in solution, in prostate cancer cells and in an experimental mouse xenograft model to investigate the potential of PSMA-based MR imaging. Methods PSMA binding affinities of the agents were evaluated by a competitive protein binding assay. For cell uptake and imaging studies, isogenic PC3 PSMA+ PIP and PSMA- flu cells were incubated with 50 µM agent at 37°C for 4h. ICP-MS was done to determine [Gd] in cells. MR imaging were done on a 9.4 T magnet at rt. Results Agents demonstrated high binding affinities to PSMA (Ki), Gd1 (0.1 nM) Gd2 (11 nM) and Gd3 (3 nM) and relaxitivities of 2.95, 12.47 and 8.97 mM-1 sec-1, respectively. T1-weighted images of PSMA+ PIP cells pellets following incubation with Gd3, displayed significant MR contrast enhancement in compared to the unlabeled cells as well as to the PSMA- flu cell pellets. Post-image ICP-MS analyses of the PSMA+ cell pellets revealed the highest amount of Gd for Gd3 (22.82 mM) followed by Gd2 (12.5 mM) then Gd1 (7.2 mM). Cell internalization studies for Gd1 and Gd2 revealed that > 80% of the total cell uptake of each agent was internalized. In contrast, Gd3 displayed ~ 48 % cell membrane-bound uptake. In vivo MR imaging of Gd3 in mice bearing PIP and flu tumors showed ~ 36 % enhancement in PIP tumor at 0.5h and remained high ~ 25% until 3h, whereas flu tumor showed rapid decay in signal intensity after an initial ~ 24% enhancement at 0.5h. Conclusions These results indicate that Gd3 enables PSMA-targeted MR imaging in vivo. Research Support K25CA148901, U54CA151838, R01CA134675
Renal Handling and Toxicity of Mercury

Mercury is a unique heavy metal that can exist in the environment in several physical and chemical forms, including elemental mercury, which is a liquid at room temperature. All forms of mercury express some form of toxic effects in target organs, especially in the kidneys. Interestingly, the epithelial cells lining the straight portions of renal proximal tubules are among the most vulnerable to the toxic effects of mercury. The biological and toxicological activity of mercurous and mercuric ions can be defined largely by chemical bonding with critical nucleophilic sites in and around target cells. Due to the high bonding affinity between mercuric ions and sulfur-reduced atoms, particular interest is paid to the interactions that occur between mercuric ions and thiol group(s) of proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Chemical interactions between mercuric ions and sulfhydryl groups in molecules of albumin, metallothionein, glutathione, and cysteine have been implicated in the mechanisms participating in the uptake, accumulation, transport, and toxicity of mercuric ions in the renal proximal tubule. Numerous factors, both within and outside the intracellular compartment of proximal tubular epithelial cells, influence greatly the susceptibility of these target cells to the injurious effects of mercury. These very factors serve as the theoretical basis for most of the currently employed therapeutic strategies used for mercury poisoning in humans. This chapter provides a brief update on the current body of knowledge regarding the mechanisms involved in the renal cellular uptake, accumulation, elimination, and toxicity of mercury.
Capital in the Twenty-First Century. By Thomas Piketty. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. Pp. viii, 686. $39.95.)

The author of this book examines the rise and fall of income and wealth inequality over the past two centuries. His treatment is comprehensive and data driven. The review of the historical record s...
Place field detection using grid-based clustering in a large-scale computational model of the rat dentate gyrus

Place cells are neurons in the hippocampus that are sensitive to location within an environment. Simulations of a large-scale, computational model of the rat dentate gyrus using grid cell input have been performed resulting in granule cells that express multiple place fields. The typical method of detecting place fields using a global threshold on this data is unreliable as the characteristics of the place fields from a single neuron can be highly variable. A grid-based implementation of DENCLUE has been developed to calculate local thresholds to identify each place field. An adaptive binning algorithm used to smooth the rate maps was combined with the DENCLUE implementation to adaptively choose the size of the smoothing kernel and reduce the number of free parameters of the total algorithm. A sensitivity analysis was performed using the threshold parameter to demonstrate the robustness of using local thresholds as opposed to using a single global threshold in detecting the place fields resulting from the large-scale simulation. The analysis supports the use of applying local thresholds for place field detection and will be used to further investigate the role of granule cells in hippocampal function.
CD20, CD22, CD23, but Not CD37 Expression on CD19+ B-Cells Is Altered by Exogenous Factors in a Sub-Population of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL/SLL) Patients,

Abstract 3685 Introduction: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL/SLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder that is characterized by the slow accumulation of malignant B cells. Patients follow heterogeneous clinical courses. The effectiveness of Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), is limited because target B cells from CLL patients express low levels of CD20. We previously reported that human serum suppresses CD20 expression ex vivo. Therefore, understanding mechanisms of low expression of CD20 as well as other target surface receptors would benefit CLL patients. New therapies such as epratuzumab (anti-CD22 mAb), lumiliximab (anti-CD23 mAb), and TRU-016 (anti-CD37 SMIP protein) are being investigated as alternative means to treat CLL. We therefore investigated CD20, CD22, CD23, and CD37 expression during ex vivo culture of CLL B cells from thirteen patients with and without human serum albumin (HSA), normal donor serum (NS), autologous CLL serum (CS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), IL2, IL4, IL13, IL15, IL21, TNFα, IFNα, IFNγ, G-CSF, or GM-CSF. Methods: Peripheral blood (PB) from thirteen CLL patients and five healthy normal donors was obtained with IRB approval. Nine CLL patients were Rai 0/1, one Rai 4, and three unknown. Prognosis, as determined by cytogenetics and/or FISH, was: four good, three intermediate, one poor, and five unknown. Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) ranged from 1.4–7.1 mg/L. CD19+ cells, isolated by positive magnetic selection, were cultured in AIM-V serum-free media at 37°C, 5% CO2, 100% humidity for 0, 24, 48, and 96 hours. Cells were either untreated, treated with 5% serum, or 5ng/mL cytokine. Receptor expression was measured by multivariate flow cytometry and calculated as percent loss or increase in response to treatment. Data was presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test as compared to HSA treatment. Results: Prior to culture, CD19+ CLL cells had 11.7±1.7% CD20, 40.3±7.9% CD22, 60.6±6.8% CD23, and 81.6±2.7% CD37 positive expression (N=13). Analysis of untreated CLL cells cultured for 96 hours showed that the CLL patients subdivided into two groups based on changes in CD20 expression: variable (72.5±7.4% CD20+, N=9) and stable (27.2±4.2% CD20+, N=4). Within the variable group, losses in CD20 expression resulted from treatment as compared to HSA were: NS (40.2±3.6%, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Clot prevention after spinal cord injury

Source Citation Green D, Lee MY, Lim AC, et al. Prevention of thromboembolism after spinal cord injury using low-molecular-weight heparin. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:571-4. 2169216
Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution during World War II

This book covers a very broad subject in relatively few pages—always an inherently risky proposition. To be sure, the author brings substantial scholarly credentials to his work. Istvan Deak is the...
Measuring outcome differences associated with STEMI screening and diagnostic performance: a multicentred retrospective cohort study protocol

Introduction Advances in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management have involved improving the clinical processes connecting patients with timely emergency cardiovascular care. Screening upon emergency department (ED) arrival for an early ECG to diagnose STEMI, however, is not optimal for all patients. In addition, the degree to which timely screening and diagnosis are associated with improved time to intervention and postpercutaneous coronary intervention outcomes, under more contemporary practice conditions, is not known. Methods We present the methods for a retrospective multicentre cohort study anticipated to include 1220 patients across seven EDs to (1) evaluate the relationship between timely screening and diagnosis with treatment and postintervention clinical outcomes; (2) introduce novel measures for cross-facility performance comparisons of screening and diagnostic care team performance including: door-to-screening, door-to-diagnosis and door-to-catheterisation laboratory arrival times and (3) describe the use of electronic health record data in tandem with an existing disease registry. Ethics and dissemination The completion of this study will provide critical feedback on the quality of screening and diagnostic performance within the contemporary STEMI care pathway that can be used to (1) improve emergency care delivery for patients with STEMI presenting to the ED, (2) present novel metrics for the comparison of screening and diagnostic care and (3) inform the development of screening and diagnostic support tools that could be translated to other care environments. We will disseminate our results via publication and quality performance data sharing with each site. Institutional ethics review approval was received prior to study initiation.
Hierarchical features infused heterogeneous grain structure for extraordinary strength-ductility synergy

A synergistic balance of strength and ductility was achieved in a prototypical fcc-based Al0.3CoCrFeNi complex concentrated alloy by incorporating hierarchical microstructural features into heterog...