cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Hypothalamic Hamartoma-Related Psychiatric Disorder After Stereotactic Laser Ablation: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are nonneoplastic congenital malformations associated with refractory epilepsy and behavioral disorders. Improvement in behavioral functioning following resection of HHs has been reported. Stereotactic laser ablation (SLA), a minimally invasive technique, has been used for the treatment of HH-related epilepsy. We report the case of child with an HH, gelastic seizures, and severe psychiatric dysfunction who was successfully treated via SLA therapy. Case Description The patient was an 11-year-old female with a history of central hypothyroidism, precocious puberty, and localization-related epilepsy thought to be secondary to an HH. She had a significant psychiatric history including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depressed mood, impulsivity, threatening behavior, and suicidal ideation requiring management with dexmethylphenidate, bupropion, and aripiprazole. Seizure onset occurred at age 7, and her semiology included nighttime hypermotor seizures and uncontrollable laughing spells thought to be gelastic seizures. Her hypermotor seizures were successfully managed with oxcabazepine monotherapy, but she continued to have several weekly laughing spells and self-harming behavior. Her HH was successfully treated via SLA. Postoperatively, she remained neurologically intact and was discharged the next day. At her 6-month follow-up, she had a markedly improved affect and general mood. At 3 years postprocedure, she remains seizure free and has been weaned off her antiepileptic and antipsychotic medications. Conclusions Severe behavioral dysfunction in the setting of an HH may constitute an indication for surgical intervention. The outcome of this case suggests there may be a role for SLA in the management of HH-related psychiatric dysfunction, even in patients with good seizure control.
Lung Cancer Survival Prediction via Machine Learning Regression, Classification, and Statistical Techniques

A regression model is developed to predict survival time in months for lung cancer patients. It was previously shown that predictive models perform accurately for short survival times of less than 6 months; however, model accuracy is reduced when attempting to predict longer survival times. This study employs an approach for which regression models are used in combination with a classification model to predict survival time. A set of de-identified lung cancer patient data was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The models use a subset of factors selected by ANOVA. Model accuracy is measured by a confusion matrix for classification and by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for regression. Random Forests are used for classification, while general Linear Regression, Gradient Boosted Machines (GBM), and Random Forests are used for regression. The regression results show that RF had the best performance for survival times $\le 6$ and $\gt24$ months (RMSE 10.52 and 20.51, respectively), while GBM performed best for 7-24 months (RMSE 15.65). Comparison plots of the results further indicate that the regression models perform better for shorter survival times than the RMSE values are able to reflect.
Designing Visually Interactive Learning Modules to Promote Students’ Critical Thinking in Mathematics

This Innovative Practice Full Paper presents our study of promoting critical thinking and achievement in mathematics with the use of technology via easily accessible resources. We believe that creating easy-to-use learning modules that are accessible for students everywhere is a great way to help students comprehend abstract logic process in problem solving. More specifically, we developed a series of learning modules that interactively visualize and illustrate the steps of Geometry proofs by using GeoGebra, a dynamic learning platform for mathematics [5, 10]. Survey study shows that our interactive learning modules are beneficial in promoting students’ learning interests and ability of critical thinking.
THE ROLE OF VALUE COMPATIBILITY IN TRUST PRODUCTION AND E-COMMERCE

This paper explores the role of value compatibility and trust in the ecommerce environment. Specifically, we explore how the perceived actions or lack of actions of organizations regarding moral, social, environmental and political issues affect ecommerce users in their trusting beliefs and their behavioral intentions toward those organizations. This is accomplished through having subjects rate the perceived value compatibility of different organizations along with testing their trusting beliefs and behavioral intentions. Trust is a multi-dimensional construct (McKnight et al., 2002) and is analyzed along the dimensions of ability, benevolence and integrity proposed by Mayer et al. (1995), McKnight et al. (2002), and Bhattacherjee (2002). The data is then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in LISREL. In a pilot survey; we found support for value compatibility affecting trust strongly through the benevolence dimension and somewhat through the integrity dimension. We also found a direct link of value compatibility to behavioral Intentions. This demonstrates that value compatibility plays an important role in trust production and also has an effect on ecommerce through other mechanisms. Organizations would benefit from a deeper understanding of the role played by value compatibility in ecommerce.
Using Sociological Theory to Problematize Current Business Research

This paper critiques the often taken-for-granted assumptions in family business research. We recommend the use of sociological theories to problematize the phenomenon of family business and to push...
Toxic inoculation associated with a presumptive stingray injury.

Introduction Stingray spine injuries are among the most common marine animal injuries in humans. While most resolve with immersion in warm water, a few become infected and require antibiotics. We present a case report of a presumptive stingray injury that evolved to a major slough and which required prolonged healing in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Our literature review was unable to find a similarly reported case. Materials A co-author was asked to evaluate and manage an ominous-appearing wound on the right foot of a diabetic. The problem developed after the individual had been wading in shallow ocean beach water. The patient's diabetic sensory neuropathy obscured the immediate association of the problem with a stingray injury, but this became the presumptive diagnosis when pain developed and necessitated that he seek medical care. Findings/Clinical Course After an initial urgent care visit, increasing pain and worsening appearance of the patient's foot necessitated a visit to our emergency department. The patient was admitted the next day due to symptoms of systemic sepsis. On the fourth hospital day, a large bulla on the lateral side of the right foot was excised. This unroofed a full-thickness slough to the periosteum level of the underlying bones. Not until the 16th hospital day had enough improvement occurred to discharge the patient. Over the next 16 weeks, the wound improved, developed a vascular base and epithelialized. Conclusion With a dearth of literature about stingray injuries in patients with diabetes mellitus reported, our case is unique: The patient's wound course more closely resembled a toxic inoculation than the typical puncture wound-cellulitis presentations associated with stingray injuries.
Outcomes of Overlapping Surgery in Otolaryngology.

ObjectiveTo compare outcomes in otolaryngology between overlapping and nonoverlapping surgeries.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsAll patien...
ITMA 2019 Digital Printing Innovation

First introduced at ITMA 1991, textile inkjet printers were a novelty coloration process marketed toward sampling and high-end short runs due to the low production speed of 10 m/hr. At ITMA 2019, nearly thirty years after this technology was first shown, textile ink jet printers reached speeds of 90 meters/min., making this technology highly competitive with rotary screen printing.
Diminished social attention in pediatric brain tumor survivors: Using eye tracking technology during naturalistic social perception.

Objective The etiology of pediatric brain tumor survivor (PBTSs) social difficulties is not well understood. A model of social competence for youth with brain disorder and evidence from youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that diminished social attention may underlie social deficits in PBTSs. This study used eye tracking technology to compare visual social attention in PBTSs, youth with ASD, and typically developing (TD) youth. Methods Participants included 90 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched youth (N = 30 per group). PBTSs were at least 5 years from diagnosis and 2 years from the completion of tumor-directed therapy. Participants' eye gaze patterns were recorded while watching an established social play paradigm that presented videos of children engaging in either interactive or parallel play. Group differences in proportional gaze duration toward social versus nonsocial areas of interest were compared. Medical correlates of social attention in PBTSs were evaluated. Results Groups significantly differed in gaze preference across conditions, with PBTSs looking less at social areas of interest than TD youth and in a manner comparable to youth with ASD. Among PBTSs, multimodal tumor-directed therapy was associated with reduced gaze preference for faces. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of disrupted social attention in PBTSs, with parallels to the social attention deficits observed in ASD. Findings offer a new way to conceptualize the social difficulties of PBTSs and could guide interventions aimed at improving PBTS social adjustment by increasing visual attention to socially relevant information during social interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Breast cancer risk, worry, and anxiety: Effect on patient perceptions of false-positive screening results.

Abstract Objective The impact of mammography screening recall on quality-of-life (QOL) has been studied in women at average risk for breast cancer, but it is unknown whether these effects differ by breast cancer risk level. We used a vignette-based survey to evaluate how women across the spectrum of breast cancer risk perceive the experience of screening recall. Methods Women participating in mammography or breast MRI screening were recruited to complete a vignette-based survey. Using a numerical rating scale (0–100), women rated QOL for hypothetical scenarios of screening recall, both before and after benign results were known. Lifetime breast cancer risk was calculated using Gail and BRCAPRO risk models. Risk perception, trait anxiety, and breast cancer worry were assessed using validated instruments. Results The final study cohort included 162 women at low (n = 43, 26%), intermediate (n = 66, 41%), and high-risk (n = 53, 33%). Actual breast cancer risk was not a predictor of QOL for any of the presented scenarios. Across all risk levels, QOL ratings were significantly lower for the period during diagnostic uncertainty compared to after benign results were known (p Conclusions Women with high trait anxiety and family history may particularly benefit from discussions about the risk of recall when choosing a screening regimen.
CHAPTER 6 – Metric Spaces

Publisher Summary A metric space is a set where a notion of distance (called a metric) between the elements of the set is defined. The importance of a metric for a set is that it gives a very convenient way to define a topology for the set. Two metrics for a set are called equivalent if their induced topologies are the same. Even when a particular metrics is not important, the theorems for metric spaces are stated rather than for metrizable spaces. For spaces that are metrizable, the properties of limits and continuity assume a familiar form when rephrased into metric notation. Every metric space is a first axiom space. In the induced topology, every ball in a metric space is an open set and metrizability is a topological property. Every separable metric space is second axiom and every Lindelof metric space is the second axiom. A metric space is compact if it is sequentially compact.
Distal γ‑C(sp 3 )−H Olefination of Ketone Derivatives and Free Carboxylic Acids

Reported herein is the distal γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination of ketone derivatives and free carboxylic acids. Fine tuning of a previously reported imino-acid directing group and using the ligand combination of a mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) and an electron-deficient 2-pyridone were critical for the γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination of ketone substrates. In addition, MPAAs enabled the γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination of free carboxylic acids to form diverse six-membered lactones. Besides alkyl carboxylic acids, benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds also could be functionalized to form 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin structures in a single step from 2-methyl benzoic acid derivatives. The utility of these protocols was demonstrated in large scale reactions and diversification of the γ-C(sp3 )-H olefinated products.
Food Recipe Alternation and Generation with Natural Language Processing Techniques

We prefer to have more options when we cook. Choosing alternative ingredients or recipes, creating new recipes could be quite challenging. In this research project, we investigated how to apply the state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques such as word embedding to help people choose alternative ingredients/recipes and build language models -N-gram and neural network model to generate new recipes with authentic flavor of certain cuisine style.
Pathways potentiated by oncogenic Ras to modulate apoptosis induced by anticancer agent FR901228

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4121 Growing evidence has shown that ras oncogene-induced cellular transformation results in increased susceptibility of cells to specific anticancer agents. Identifying targets for anticancer agents to selectively induce apoptosis of ras -transformed cells and to bypass normal counterpart cells is pivotal to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy for cancer patients with aberrant Ras activation. Using a tetracycline-inducible expression system to induce ectopically expressed H-Ras and cellular transformation, we have investigated the roles of Ras-induced signaling pathways in a novel anticancer depsipeptide FR901228-induced apoptosis. FR901228 possesses activity to inhibit histone deacetylase and exhibits selectivity to induce apoptosis of ras -transformed cells. We have found that the PI3-K pathway plays an anti-apoptotic role whereas the SAPK/p38 pathway plays a pro-apoptotic role in FR901228-induced apoptosis in both Ras-transformed and non-transformed counterpart cells. Interestingly, the ERK pathway plays an anti-apoptotic role in non-transformed cells; however, it plays a pro-apoptotic role in Ras-transformed cells in response to FR901228 treatment. We have also verified that procaspase-3 protein content is highly elevated in fully ras -transformed cells. The protein synthesis of procaspase-3 is increased with unchanged protein stability in ras -transformed cells. Blockage of the ERK pathway results in profound reduction of transcript and protein content of procaspase-3, indicating that the ERK pathway is involved in procaspase-3 gene expression. Suppression of caspase-3 activity by specific inhibitors results in reduced cell death induced by FR901228. The elevated procaspase-3 protein content appears to play an important role in facilitating the proteolytic production of active caspase-3 during selective induction of apoptosis of ras -transformed cells by FR901228 whereas FR901228 induces growth arrest of non-transformed counterpart cells. The ERK pathway may contribute to the pro-apoptotic role of oncogenic H-Ras to FR901228 treatment via the procaspase-3 to caspase-3 pathway. Accordingly, focusing on the elevated procaspase-3 as a molecular target to produce active caspase-3 in ras -related cancer cells may lead to increased effectiveness of chemotherapy by facilitating apoptosis of ras -transformed cells.
Addressing underrepresentation of young women of color in engineering and computing through the lens of sociocultural theory

In the past several decades, women have made considerable progress toward gender equity in the USA, but women in general and women of color in particular continue to be underrepresented in some fields of STEM, notably engineering and computing. Women of color in these fields are also underrepresented in the STEM education research literature. In this article, we review the literature on sociocultural theory and empirical research grounded in it to propose a framework for thinking about how young women of color encounter and experience engineering and computing in local educational contexts, and how their encounters and experiences might be enhanced and lead to more sustained interests and identities in these fields. The framework motivates an examination of the interrelationships among institutional practices, normative discourses, identities, interactional dynamics, and experience-near external exclusions in the contexts of the young women’s lives. As such, our concerns are less with provision of the content per se of engineering or computing and more with the structure, organization, and discourses of the educational contexts in which the groundwork is laid for the development of interests and identities related to these fields. We briefly review significant challenges faced by middle and high school girls and young women of color as they encounter in-school and out-of-school practices and interactional dynamics related to engineering and computing, respond to local and societal discourses circulating about these fields, form social and personal identities with respect to these fields, and grapple with external exclusions, e.g., undocumented legal status and unresponsive institutions, affecting pursuit of engineering and computing. We then examine ways in which scholars taking sociocultural approaches have addressed these challenges through action research. Next, we assess the promise and limitations of these efforts in overcoming the challenges. Due to the sociocultural perspective that frames our approach, the research methodology used in the work we review is primarily qualitative, and the approach to action is primarily participatory action research. We conclude the paper with a preliminary synthesis of research on the sociocultural system in which young women of color in the USA and Canada encounter and pursue engineering and computing, including its foundational components in mathematics and science education. We argue that this system repeatedly plays out in unequal opportunity structures, deficit discourses, marginalizing interactions, conflicting identity demands, and external exclusions for many young women of color. The system carries expectancies that make sustained participation in engineering and computing risky and difficult, even if these young women have interest, ability, or ambitions to pursue these fields. We propose a program of response to these barriers, based in sociocultural practice theory.
Queering communication studies: a Journal of Applied Communication Research forum

Genders and sexualities continue to remain underexplored in the field of communication studies and the academy in general. This essay examines possibilities for incorporating queer perspectives int...
Characterization of flow and transport in a fracture network at the EGS Collab field experiment through stochastic modeling of tracer recovery

Abstract Energy extraction from subsurface reservoirs is important for addressing the increasing energy demand and environmental concerns such as global warming. However, the characterization of subsurface reservoirs, particularly reservoirs dominated by fracture networks remains a challenge due to the lack of means to directly observe subsurface processes. This study explores the feasibility and efficacy of characterizing fracture flow and transport processes in an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) testbed through stochastic tracer modeling. There are two enabling factors that allow application of stochastic modeling to characterize a subsurface reservoir. First, an abundance of geological and geophysical measurements enables the development of a high-fidelity and well-constrained fracture network model. Second, high-performance computing (HPC) allows running massive realizations efficiently. Six conservative tracer tests were stochastically modeled and produced satisfactory realizations that successfully reproduce field tracer recovery data from each tracer test. The evolution of flow and transport processes in the fracture network was then analyzed from these satisfactory realizations. The present study demonstrates that stochastic tracer modeling on a high-fidelity fracture network model is feasible and can provide important insights regarding flow and transport characteristics in subsurface fractured reservoirs.
Trends in gastrostomy tube placement with concomitant Nissen fundoplication for infants and young children at Pediatric Tertiary Centers.

In infants and toddlers, gastrostomy tube placement (GT) is typically accompanied by consideration of concomitant Nissen fundoplication (NF). Historically, rates of NF have varied across providers and institutions. This study examines practice variation and longitudinal trends in NF at pediatric tertiary centers. Patients ≤ 2 years who underwent GT between 2008 and 2018 were identified in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Patient demographics and rates of NF were examined. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the variation in the proportion of GT with NF at each hospital, by volume and over time. 40,348 patients were identified across 40 hospitals. Most patients were male (53.8%), non-Hispanic white (49.5%) and publicly-insured (60.4%). Rates of NF by hospital varied significantly from 4.2 to 75.2% (p < 0.001), though were not associated with geographic region (p = 0.088). Rates of NF decreased from 42.8% in 2008 to 14.2% in 2018, with a mean annual rate of change of − 3.07% (95% CI − 3.53, − 2.61). This trend remained when stratifying hospitals into volume quartiles. There is significant practice variation in performing NF. Regardless of volume, the rate of NF is also decreasing. Objective NF outcome measurements are needed to standardize the management of long-term enteral access in this population.
Exhaust Jet — Dust Layer Interaction During a Lunar Landing

Although our present knowledge of the lunar environment is rather incomplete, it appears very likely that there exists on the moon a dust layer of limited depth. A spacecraft landing on such a surface would cause erosion and possibly a local dust storm, since the retrograde rockets would interact with the surface in the final phase of the descent. The paper defines a theoretical model to describe the erosion and subsequent transport of dust in the vicinity of the landing vehicle. Available experimental information is examined, and a more complete description of the exhaust jet — dust layer interaction is established. Particular attention is paid to three important phases of the problem: a) The gas dynamics of the exhaust b) The mechanics of the surface erosion c) Visibility through the dust cloud It is shown that the Mach number and Reynolds number of the exhaust flow, together with certain dust parameters determine the character of the erosion. The shape of the crater caused by this erosion is calculated and shown to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental results. The extent of the dust cloud and visibility through the cloud are shown to depend on the size of the particles, the depth of the dust layer, and the location of the vehicle above the surface.
Parallel Implementations of Graph Embeddings

This paper addresses the problem of how to efficiently implement a certain class of network emulations. We provide a framework for studying and implementing graph embeddings at a fine level of abstraction, suitable for the specification of pseudocode. Our results show that many networks with regular structure, including meshes, complete-binary trees, butterflies, X-trees, and mesh-of-trees can be efficiently embedded within a hypercube using SIMD-style parallel algorithms for translating node labels.
Bacteriophage typing of Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus morganii.

A bacteriphage typing scheme for differentiating Proteus isolated from clinical specimens was developed. Twenty-one distinct patterns of lysis were seen when 15 bacteriophages isolated on 8 Proteus mirabilis, 1 P. vulgaris, and 1 P. morganii were used to type 162 of 189 (85.7%) P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris isolates. Seven phages isolated on 3 P. morganii were used to type 13 of 19 (68.4%) P. morganii isolates. Overall, 84.1% of the 208 isolates were lysed by at least 1 phage at routine test dilution (RTD) or 1,000 × RTD. Fifty isolates, retyped several weeks after the initial testing, showed no changes in lytic patterns. The phages retained their titers after storage at 4 C for several months. A computer analysis of the data showed that there was no relationship between the source of the isolate and bacteriophage type. This bacteriophage typing system may provide epidemiological information on strains involved in human infections.
Chapter 2. Gonadal Steroid Receptors: Possible Roles in the Etiology and Therapy of Cognitive and Neurological Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanisms of gonadal steroid receptor activation as strategies in the management of neuro-psychiatric disorders. Emphasis in this review has been placed on the estrogen receptor, as the best understood gonadal steroid regulator of neural function. Estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) both during development and in the adult. Peri-menopausal loss of estrogen titers has been associated with anxiety, depression, and loss of memory. The initial studies on estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for women with Alzheimer's disease, using oral estradiol or conjugated equine estrogen, attributed a moderate protective role for estrogen. A recent study has shown that the risk of Alzheimer's disease has been significantly less in estrogen users than the nonusers. As a recent study suggests, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may also be relevant to the management of affective and perceptual disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia. The effective management of neurological and psychiatric disorders with HRT requires the development of drug delivery systems and protocols that specifically target the nervous system. There are at least three potentially effective strategies to accomplish this aim: The first strategy is to design hormones that are biologically active, selectively in neural tissue; second strategy is to induce neural specific activation of the gonadal hormone receptors in a ligand independent manner; third strategy is to target the tissue-selective transcription intermediary factors that are downstream of the gonadal hormone signaling pathway. HRT, no doubt, represents a promising avenue for the management of neurological and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. The challenge, however, is to design drug delivery systems and treatment protocols that target neural tissue specifically, while minimizing harmful effects on breast and uterine tissue.
An Architecture for Action, Emotion, and Social Behavior

The Oz project at Carnegie Mellon is studying the construction of artistically effective simulated worlds. Such worlds typically include several agents, which must exhibit broad behavior. To meet this need, we are developing an agent architecture, called Tok, that presently supports reactivity, goals, emotions, and social behavior. Here we briefly introduce the requirements of our application, summarize the Tok architecture, and describe a particular social agent we have constructed.
Effects of formycin B on human lymphocyte Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Optimization of cell culture conditions.

Abstract We evaluated the effect of formycin B, an inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), on DNA synthesis in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes using various culture conditions. We found that the dose-response curve for formycin B inhibition of lymphocyte PNP activity was similar to that for the inhibition of DNA synthesis when formycin B was added to the cultures at the time of maximum DNA synthesis. Under these conditions formycin B inhibited protein synthesis less than DNA synthesis. We also evaluated the effects of substrates of PNP added at the time of maximum DNA synthesis; deoxyguanosine was inhibitory, whereas guanosine enhanced thymidine incorporation into DNA. To assess the potential use of formycin B in exploring lymphocyte toxicity in PNP deficiency, we evaluated its effects on DNA synthesis in combination with other nucleosides. Deoxyguanosine and formycin B, when used together, were not synergistic in their combined effects on DNA synthesis. Further, deoxycytidine did not prevent the inhibition by formycin B of DNA synthesis. Our results suggest a relationship between formycin B inhibition of PNP and DNA synthesis in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. The role of formycin B in a human cell model of PNP deficiency, however, is limited by its effects on other enzyme systems and its relatively high K i for PNP. Its potential, if any, for exploration of lymphocyte toxicity in PNP deficiency remains to be defined.
Cooperative Localization in GPS-Limited Urban Environments

Existing localization techniques such as GPS have fundamental limitations which preclude deployment in urban canyons or areas with inconsistent network availability. Augmenting GPS requires specialized infrastructure or tedious calibration tasks which limit general purpose applications. In this paper, we examine the utility of cooperatively sharing location data among connected nodes in order to correct positions with high measurement error in GPS-limited environments. Using simple data sharing and filtering techniques, collaborating users can substantially reduce overall localization error in dead reckoning systems where nodes may have a broad spectrum of location quality. We examine system parameters necessary to fully exploit cooperative localization based on empirical error models and show that mean position error can be reduced by up to 50 percent for given application scenarios. If distance measurement is available, filtering location information based on estimated error and confidence can improve accuracy of pedestrian dead reckoning techniques to approximately that of GPS using trilateration.
Re-thinking reading in the context of a new wave of electronic reading devices

We are currently witnessing a new wave of digital reading devices that will probably significantly change the way we read and publish. This is not the first digital revolution of aspects of cultural production and perception. This paper compares the previous digital revolutions of the music, film and publishing industries and attempts a prognosis of coming changes in the way we will work with digital texts. As a conclusion a new notion of interface design for the emerging reading ecology is proposed.
On the origins of dynamical awareness.

An inquiry into the origins of dynamical awareness is conducted. Particular attention is given to a theory that postulates that impressions of dynamical quantities are derived from and structured by lawful physical relations. It is shown that impressions of dynamical quantities are not generally correlated with the values that these quantities take in the equations of motion but rather are highly correlated with simple ratios of kinematic quantities or with specific kinematic features that do not specify the underlying dynamics. It is argued that kinematic information, to the extent that it is used, is used heuristically, and its availability for dynamical analysis is constrained by general principles of organization. A formal analysis of the physical organization implicit in the specification of dynamical invariants is given and compared with types of perceptual organization that are observed. The development of a framework for understanding what perceptual organization is and bow it is achieved is a central issue in perception. Information theory (Shannon, 1948) has provided a language for describing what perceptual organization accomplishes and has focused attention on the sentiment that information is, in some sense, the material of perception. The relationship between perception and information has been particularly stressed in the ecological approach (Gibson, 1979) through the twin notions that information is available in the environment of a perceiving animal and that perception itself is the pickup of useful information. The information-theoretic aspects of perception should, however, not be identified with ecological psychology; all fundamental theories of perception must reckon with the basic observation that perception is meaningful. Perceptual organization, whether it is mediated by pragnanz (Kohler, 1947), contingent on intelligent inference (Helmholtz, 1910/1962; Rock, 1983), or concomitant to socalled direct perception (Gibson, 1979), is at root the pickup of information through the reduction of ambiguity in proximal stimulation.
The emerging role of d-2-hydroxyglutarate as an oncometabolite in hematolymphoid and central nervous system neoplasms.

Approximately 20% of unselected cases and 30% cytogenetically diploid cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 80% of grade II-III gliomas and secondary glioblastomas carry mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes. IDH1/2 mutations prevent oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and modulate the function of IDH (neomorphic activity) thereby facilitating reduction of α-KG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), a putative oncometabolite. D-2-hydroxyglutarate is thought to act as a competitive inhibitor of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases that include prolyl hydroxylases and chromatin-modifying enzymes. The end result is a global increase of cellular DNA hypermethylation and alterations of the cellular epigenetic state, which has been proposed to play a role in the development of a variety of tumors. In this review, we provide an update on potential molecular mechanisms linking IDH1/2 mutations and the resulting oncometabolite, D-2HG, with malignant transformation. In addition, in patients with AML and glioma we focus on the associations between IDH1/2 mutations and clinical, morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics.
Waxing ledges: built environments, alternative sustainability, and the Chicago skateboarding scene

Young people appropriate and redefine built environments through their everyday playful practices. Among a widening spectrum of young city dwellers, skateboarders transform urban spaces by exploring terrains and performing unforeseen uses. These urban explorations ascribe new meanings and pleasures to otherwise mundane built forms. Waxing ledges is a ubiquitous practice among skateboarders that signals creative appropriation through the application of wax on rough surfaces. The smoothening of ledges enables speed and exhilaration, while the traces engraved on the urban landscape communicate to other skateboarders a pleasurable space. This article chronicles the emergence of an alternative ethic of care for built environments through the urban practice of skateboarding. It focuses on the Chicago skateboarding scene and draws from data gathered through ethnographic fieldwork during 2009–2010. Skateboarders' ethic of care for built environments is further developed in this article through the coupling of ska...
The genesis of CO2 and CO in the thermooxidative degradation of polypropylene

Abstract Using a set of three isotactic polypropylene samples that had been individually labeled with carbon-13 at each of the three positions in the monomer unit, we conducted experiments to determine the position of origin of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide that arise during thermal oxidation of this polymer. By GC–mass-spectral analysis, we find that 2/3 of the CO 2 derives from the C(1) [methylene] carbon and the remaining 1/3 comes from the C(2) [tertiary] carbon, with none coming from the C(3) [methyl group] carbon. The CO also comes mainly from the C(1) [methylene] carbon (≥80%). This is in contrast to the solid-phase oxidation products, which have been found (by C-13 NMR on these same labeled PP materials) to originate predominantly (80–85%) from oxidation at the C(2) [tertiary] carbon. These results can be understood in terms of the free-radical reactions that underlie the polypropylene oxidation chemistry.
Expression of βA2-crystallin in human lenses

Evidence of betaA2-crystallin expression has been detected in human lenses. The protein, which co-elutes with betaA1/A3 from reversed phase HPLC separation of beta(L)-crystallins, accounts for 1-2% of the lens crystallins. Its molecular mass, M(r) 22 006, is consistent with the cDNA deduced sequence with addition of acetylation at the N-terminal serine residue. Approximately 20% of the protein is phosphorylated at Ser30.
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide and oxygen tension in newborn infants: reliability of a combined monitor of oxygen tension and carbon dioxide tension.

We evaluated a new combined sensor for monitoring transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2) and oxygen tension (PtcO2) in 20 critically ill newborn infants. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) ranged from 16 to 126 torr and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) from 14 to 72 torr. Linear correlation analysis (100 paired values) of PtcO2 versus PaO2 showed anr value of 0.75 with a regression equation of PtcO2=8.59+0.905 (PaO2), while PtcCO2 versus PaCO2 revealed a correlation coefficient ofr=0.89 with an equation of PtcCO2=2.53+1.06 (PaCO2). The bias between PaO2 and PtcO2 was −2.8 with a precision of ±16.0 torr (range, −87 to +48 torr). The bias between PaCO2 and PtcCO2 was −5.1 with a precision of ±7.3 torr (range, −34 to +8 torr). The transcutaneous sensor detected 83% of hypoxia (PaO2 90 torr), 45% of hypocapnia (PaCO2 45 torr). We conclude that the reliability of the combined transcutaneousPo 2 andPCo 2 monitor in sick neonates is good for detecting hypercapnia, fair for hypoxia and hyperoxia, but poor for hypocapnia. It is an improvement in that it spares available skin surface and requires less handling, but it appears to be slightly less accurate than the single electrodes.
Effect of Volcanic-ash on the Pyroelectric and Dielectric Properties of Portland Cement

The property of pyroelectric material finds application in infrared detection. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of volcanic ash into cement and bonded with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) giving cement:volcanic-ash systems. The ash used in this experiment is from the eruption of the Soufriere Hill volcano in the island of Montserrat, West Indies. Preliminary results indicate that cement: volcanic ash systems shows pyroelectric effect. Further investigations were carried to determine the effect of temperature and frequency on the variation of dielectric properties. The results show that both dielectric constant and ac conductivity of cement decrease with inclusion of volcanic-ash.
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control: Driver Acceptance of Following Gap Settings Less than One Second:

Currently, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems can automate vehicle speed control to maintain following time-gaps in the range of one to two seconds. In this study, a field test was conducted to ...
The Meaning vs. The Medical Model in the Empirically Supported Treatment Program: A Consideration of The Empirical Evidence

A review of the debate on the Empirically Supported Treatment Program is presented. It is argued that underlying the specifics of the debate are fundamentally incompatible paradigms: a meaning vs. a medical model. The findings from two “gold standard” multi-site studies are reviewed to conclude that the control condition meets requirements for an empirically supported treatment. The empirical finding of the failure of clinical training to improve treatment outcomes is explained by the focus on rational factors in training. It is recommended that training of therapists focus on enhancing experiential capacity rather than mastery of manualized treatment approaches.
Is the Einstein theory a low-energy phenomenological limit?

The notion that the general theory of relativity is a low-energyphenomenological limit is advanced. The Newtonian gravitational constant isseen to arise as an order parameter which vanishes at high energies.
The stutterer's reaction to the telephone as a speaking situation

Abstract A review of the literature indicates that one of the most commonly feared talking situations among stutterers is speaking on the telephone. One hundred-thirty stutterers who feared speaking on the telephone were interviewed regarding their fear of telephone calling and answering, the age at which they began to fear calling and answering, and their fear reactions to eight specific telephone calling situations. Data was analyzed for all subjects, male/female, black/white, and mild/moderate/ severe stuttering groups. Analysis indicated that telephone calling was judged to be more feared than telephone answering with the exception of the black stutterers. Acquisition of fear of the telephone occured earlier for telephone answering than for calling within most subgroups. When general reactions to the eight telephone situations were considered, the black stutterers had the most severe fear reactions while the male and moderate stutterers had the least severe reactions.
A New Twist on the Rotating-Trapezoid Illusion: Evidence for Neural-Adaptation Effects

In a series of experiments, the selective-adaptation paradigm was applied to the rotating-trapezoid illusion in an effort to demonstrate neural-adaptation effects in the figural reversal of this classic illusion. Prior to viewing the standard trapezoid, the observer adapted to a rectangle rotating unambiguously in the same direction as the trapezoid or in the opposite direction. In accordance with the neural hypothesis, illusion strength was greatest when the two figures rotated in the same direction and weakest when the two figures rotated in opposite directions. Results were confirmed with two separate dependent variables: the observer's ‘first look’ at the illusion after adaptation and the observer's reversal rate during a test period. These findings were discussed in terms of (a) the basic similarity of results for the rotating trapezoid and reversible figures such as the Necker cube and (b) the need for a multiprocess model of both classes of illusions which emphasizes bottom—up and top—down processes.
Ethidium bromide–dinucleotide complexes. Evidence for intercalation and sequence preferences in binding to double‐stranded nucleic acids

The solution complexes of ethidium bromide with nine different deoxydinucleotides and the four self-complementary ribodinucleoside monophosphates as well as mixtures of complementary and noncomplementary deoxydinucleotides were studied as models for the binding of the drug to DNA and RNA. Ethidium bromide forms the strongest complexes with pdC-dG and CpG and shows a definite preference for interaction with pyrimidine–purine sequence isomers. Cooperativity is observed in the binding curves of the self-complementary deoxydinucleotides pdC-dG and pdG-dC as well as the ribodinucleoside monophosphates CpG and GpC, indicating the formation of a minihelix around ethidium bromide. The role of complementarity of the nucleotide bases was evident in the visible and circular dichroism spectra of mixtures of complementary and noncomplementary dinucleotides. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on an ethidium bromide complex with CpG provided evidence for the intercalation model for the binding of ethidium bromide to double-stranded nucleic acids. The results also suggest that ethidium bromide may bind to various sequences on DNA and RNA with significantly different binding constants.
Trichinella spiralis: Proteins and antigens isolated from a large-particle fraction derived from the muscle larva

Abstract Proteins and antigens derived from a large-particle fraction of muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis (i.e., the S 3 fraction) were characterized in terms of their molecular weights, isoelectric points, carbohydrate contents, electrophoretic mobilities, antigenicity, and their ability to induce protection in mice. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 yielded 5 major peaks of material while electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a minimum of 28 proteins ranging in MW from 11,000 to 200,000. Analytical isoelectric focusing on acrylamide gel yielded 37 bands of protein, while the periodic acid-Schiff reaction performed on a similar gel revealed 22 glycoproteins. Most proteins were within a p I range of 4.0–7.0, while all of the glycoproteins had p I ranging from 4.0 to 6.5. Immunoelectrophoresis of the S 3 fraction using hyperimmune rabbit serum demonstrated a minimum of 19 precipitin arcs, while crossed immunoelectrophoresis yielded 16 peaks. These determinations were made on several batches of material isolated in the same fashion and gave the same results. Preparative isoelectric focusing yielded 30 fractions. These fractions were assayed for the presence of antigens, then pooled and tested for their ability to induce protection in mice against an oral challenge infection. Fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis of all 30 fractions revealed the presence of a minimum of 18 antigens with p I ranging from 4.0 to 9.0. The pooled fractions (i.e., 1–9; 10–20; 21–30) all protected mice against oral challenge infection, while fraction 5 (p I = 4.3) protected best.
H2O masers near OB associations

Four new water masers have been found in the vicinity of three OB associations. One of these, in Cep OB3, is among the most intense sources yet discovered and may be related to the most recent epoch of star formation in the OB association. Two others, one in CMa OB1, the other in M16, have large radial velocities relative to their associated molecular clouds. These results are discussed in the context of star formation and CO line self-reversal within the individual sources.
Visual learning in science and engineering

Visual learning is the use of graphics, images and animations to enable and enhance learning in science and engineering.
3p 6 3d 8 –3p 5 3d 9 transitions in Sr xiii, Y xiv, Zr xv, Nb xvi, and Mo xvii

The 3p6 3d8–3p5 3d9 transitions in Sr xiii, Y xiv, Zr xv, Nb xvi, and Mo xvii have been newly measured by means of a low-inductance vacuum spark and a 10.7-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. The measurements have led to an improved analysis of this complex transition group in these ions. All levels of the combining configurations have been established. The energy parameters determined from least-squares fits to the observed levels are compared with Hartree–Fock calculations. The effective interaction αL(L + 1) for the 3p6 3d8 configuration decreases markedly with increasing ionization. The effective electrostatic interactions D1(3p3d) and X2(3p3d) for the 3p5 3d9 configuration are practically constant through the sequence.