cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of endotoxic glucose dyshomeostasis by protein kinase C inhibitors

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by bacterial lipopolysaccharide had recently been implicated in the pathogenetic sequence of gram-negative sepsis, endotoxicosis, hyperinsulinism, and the alterations in glucoregulation that eventuate in glucose dyshomeostasis. This study used the peptide antibiotic polymyxin B (PMX-B) and H-7, an isoquinoline sulfonamide, as inhibitors of PKC activation to evaluate responses to provocative insulin and glucose tolerance tests in control vs. endotoxic rats. Fed male rats were treated with either Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (ETX; 0.33 mg/kg iv) or saline 120 min before intravenous insulin tolerance testing (IVITT) with human insulin (1 U/kg) or intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT) with D-glucose (1.2 g/kg). H-7 in dimethyl sulfoxide at 25 mg/kg, PMX-B in saline at 0.25 mg/kg, or the respective vehicles were administered 5 min before the tolerance tests. Neither H-7 nor PMX-B had any significant acute effects on basal plasma glucose or lactate values. The decline in plasma with IVITT was augmented by ETX; however, concomitant H-7 or PMX-B attenuated the insulin hypoglycemia. The computed half-life of glucose in the IVGTT was decreased by ETX; however, concomitant H-7 or PMX-B decreased the tolerance alteration. In addition, both H-7 and PMX-B attenuated the rise in insulin induced by the IVGTT. Thus the hyperinsulinism and the glucoregulatory disturbances in endotoxicosis may be mediated by PKC activation and ameliorated by PKC inhibition.
Nitrogen Metabolism of Isolated Muscle of Normal and Vitamin E-Deficient Hamsters.

SummaryA significant decrease was observed in the rate of release of amino nitrogen by the slices of surviving diaphragm and skeletal muscle from Vit. E-deficient hamsters when compared with tissues of normal controls.
A Computational Investigation of Flow Through an Axisymmetric Supersonic Inlet

A Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver is used to study the flow through an axisymmetric, supersonic inlet at a freestream Mach number of 1.974. Axisymmetric and three dimensional calculations are performed. The effects of struts in the flowfield and shock wave boundary layer interaction on total pressure recovery and distortion are studied. Three dimensional calculations are performed at angles of attack (AOA) of 0, 2, and -2. The effect of streamwise vorticity generated in the wake of the struts on pressure recovery and total pressure distortion is studied. Comparisons are made to experimental results from tests done at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). It is shown that the current RANS methodology overpredicts total pressure recovery by 0.7%, and the threedimensional calculations overpredict total pressure recovery by less than 0.5% for most cases. The axisymmetric calculations predict radial total pressure distributions with reasonable accuarcy, and the three-dimensional calculations predict radial and circumferential total pressure distributions with reasonable accuracy.
Virus spread and initial pathological changes in the nervous system in genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice. A correlative immunohistochemical, light and electron microscopic study.

Mice were infected by the vaginal route with the MS strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Serial vaginal cultures were used to confirm infection and to select mice for this study. Two mice were killed by perfusion on days 2–6 post infection (p.i.) and lumbar and sacral cord with cauda were fixed and embedded for electron microscopy. Semithin Epon-sections were stained for viral antigen using a rabbit anti-HSV-2 antiserum and the Avidin-Biotin (ABC) method. Thin sections from antigen-positive blocks were examined by electron microscopy, and the number and types of infected cells detected by these two methods were compared. A good correlation was found between detection of infected cells by these methods. Infected cells included neurons of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord, satellite cells of dorsal root ganglia, non-myelinating Schwann cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and arachnoidal cells. Infected cells were first detected in the cauda on day 3 p.i. and in the spinal cord on day 5 p.i. The temporal and spatial distribution of infected cells was consistent with neural spread to and within the CNS. The pathological lesions showed a good correlation with the distribution and number of infected cells and are probably due to a direct virus effect. The similar sensitivity of the Epon-ABC method to electron microscopy in detecting infected cells indicates that this method may have useful applications in both experimental and diagnostic work.
Ethics and Integrity in the Use of Insect Collections

Recent unpleasant experiences involving loans of insect specimens from The Ohio State University Collection have led me to the conclusion that it is time to establish some guidelines for the use of collections. Arnett and Samuelson (1969 p. 13-14) have published a set of rules treating some aspects of the problem and I have attempted to incorporate most of their ideas in this paper.
Justice Beyond the Individual: A Future with Legitimation*

In the past, social psychologists focused on issues pertaining to variation in perceptions of distributive and procedural justice and in reactions to perceived injustice of both types. That work, however, focused primarily on justice in terms of individual processes, thereby ignoring a core element of justice: its implications for a collectivity. Here we argue that inclusion of legitimacy, which is fundamentally a collective process, augments our understanding of justice. We offer predictions regarding the effects of two sources of support-endorsement and authorization-on justice evaluations and on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to injustice. These predictions, as well as consideration of additionalfactors that may temper the proposed relationships, provide an important direction for future research.
Neurogenesis in the vertebrate retina.

Abstract Many studies concerned with the control of neurogenesis in the retina, as well as other parts of the nervous system, impose the dichotomy of lineage restrictions versus environmental regulation on the design and interpretation of experiments. Recent work on retinal development has focused primarily on "environmental regulation," and this article will review some observations from these studies that provide clues about signals and mechanisms that control proliferation and cell type determination in the retina. Although still at an early stage, these studies already indicate that regulatory signals are not easily categorized as affecting only proliferation or differentiation, but are instead pleiotropic. Interpretation of these findings will be considered in terms of recent work in other systems, which further demonstrates that signals and regulatory mechanisms cannot be classified so simplistically and which suggests that polarizing regulatory mechanisms in terms of lineage restrictions and environmental regulation underestimates the interplay between these types of mechanisms.
Cloning and SNP analysis of rDNA ITS2 of Aedes albopictus in Shenzhen

Objective To clone and sequence analyse rDNA ITS2 of Aedes albopictus and investigate speciality and Single Nu- clear Polymorphism of rDNA ITS2 of Aedes albopictus in Shenzhen so as to identify different species of mosquito using rDNA ITS2 gene.Methods rDNA ITS2 of Aedes albopictus was amplified using PCR.PCR products were electrophoresed in 1.5% agarose gel,and extracted with a gel extraction kit.ITS2 fragment purified was linked to TA-vector Among the obtained transformants,six clones bearing the correct target were selected by the precise size of the inserts.Sequence analysis were performed for those clones us- ing DNA Sequencer.Sequence homology search was done with BLAST program to the Genbank database.Results 518bp full frag- ment of rDNA ITS2 of Aedes albopictu was cloned and sequenced.ITS2 of Aedes albopictu of four different isolates from Shenzhen showed 97% homogeny,and 99% homogeny was indicated between two different Aedes albopictus from Shenzhen.Single Nuclear Polymorphism of rDNA ITS2 of Aedes albopictus showed transition,transversion and deletion.There were six C→T,two A→G tran- sitions,threeA→T,one A→C transversions and three CG,one AC deletions.Conclusion rDNA ITS2 gene of Aedes albopictus have high homogeny,but SNP was also observed among deffrent Aedes albopictus.
The study of a metered automatic washing stomach machine

In the paper the basic structure,the principle and the software program of a metered automatic washing stomach machine are introduced briefly.It has various functions.such as setting and measuring the amount of washing liquid of in-and-out stomach,setting alarm when unbalance of in-and-out stomach liquid and blocked tube and so on.So that the machine is a type of safe and intelligent papented product.It is fit for clinical rescue.
Outcomes research. Clues to quality and organizational effectiveness

Outcomes research has often been touted as the best response to concerns about quality in today's health care organizations. Yet, outcomes research is accompanied by its own set of problems. These problems must be addressed if outcomes research is, in fact, to guide assessments of quality and of organizational effectiveness. One question is how quality and organizational effectiveness should be defined. In addition, measurement issues are particularly problematic in outcomes research, as is the availability of appropriate data. This article discusses each of these areas, and concludes by presenting an integrated model to guide the assessment of outcomes, quality, and organizational effectiveness.
Macro-Nutrient Concentration and Content of Irrigated Soybean Grown in the Early Production System of the Midsouth

ABSTRACTMacro-nutrients in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) have not been extensively researched recently. Concentrations and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) were determined for three irrigated cultivars grown using the early soybean production system (ESPS) on two soils (a sandy loam and a clay) in the Mississippi Delta during 2011 and 2012. Data were collected at growth stages V3, R2, R4, R6, and R8. No change in macro-nutrients due to soil type or years occurred and modern cultivars were similar to data collected >50 years ago. Mean seed yield of 3328 kg ha−1 removed 194.7 kg N ha−1, 16.5 kg P ha−1, 86.0 kg K ha−1, 17.5 kg Ca ha−1, 9.0 kg Mg ha−1, and 10.4 kg S ha−1. Increased yields over the decades are likely due to changed plant architecture and/or pests resistance, improved cultural practices, chemical weed control, and increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Yield improvements by genetically manipulating nutrient upta...
Adolescents Developing Civic Identities: Sociocultural Perspectives on Simulations and Role-Play in a Civic Classroom

While simulations and role-play have been staples in the civic classroom, little is known about how they work as best practices. This study explores the ways simulations and role-play may influence students’ civic identities. Drawing from sociocultural theories, the article seeks to understand how students’ practice-linked identities may be shaped by their experiences with simulations and role-play in the classroom. Specifically, this study follows 2 students of color in an effort to elucidate how political simulations and role-play may impact their practice-linked identities as citizens. Findings suggest simulations and role-play provide ways for students (who may initially feel disempowered) to engage with political processes that support their identities as active citizens who are empowered to change the system.
Single Cell Transcriptome-Based Dissection of Lineage Fate Decisions in Myelopoiesis

Abstract In spite of tremendous advances in the analysis of hematopoietic progenitors and transcription factors that give rise to different lineages, molecular insight into the mechanisms that underlie cell fate choice at the level of individual cells is lacking. We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing of murine granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) to analyze the molecular basis of cell fate choice. Over 200 libraries were generated with average read depths of 4 million per library and an expressed gene call of over 3,800 genes with FPKM >3. Our data reveal a varied but coherent spectrum of gene expression patterns in individual murine GMPs. The majority of cells could be clustered into ones expressing either granulocytic or monocytic genes, suggesting that they were primed for lineage determination. A minority of GMPs expressed a mixed-lineage pattern of genes. The single-cell data suggested an antagonistic transcription factor circuit involving Gfi1 and IRF8 that was validated with both loss- and gain-of-function experiments in GMPs. Our data highlight the utility of single cell RNA-Seq analysis to reveal molecular mechanisms controlling lineage fate decisions in hematopoiesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Predictive modeling based on random forests

This chapter discusses ensemble-based approaches for predictive modeling. We consider the commonly used Random Forest Regression, consisting of a collection of regression trees. As a predictive model, Random Forests are particularly suited for large features and small sample scenarios as normally observed in drug sensitivity studies. The effect of various parameters of the forest on the predictive performance is examined along with applications to drug sensitivity studies. The chapter also considers the extension of Random Forests to Probabilistic Random Forests that enables theoretical analysis of prediction variance.
Crossing Over: Transforming the War on Kids Through Ministries with Youth

This essay opens in a dorm room where high school students are getting to know one another and the staff at the Youth Theological Initiative, which brings together a diverse group of young people for three intense weeks. In this particular room, four young women and an adult staff member adopt a storytelling practice that facilitates a trusting and respectful relationship. Corrie argues that this kind of relationship-building between youth and adults is counter-cultural and yet central to peacebuilding. The work of teaching conflict transformation with youth begins with a commitment to create subcultures that resist the larger social forces that impact the relationships among youth and between youth and adults.
Investigation of Coherence Time of a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond Created by a Low-Energy Nitrogen Implantation

A nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been investigated extensively because of its promising spin and optical properties for applications to nanoscale magnetic sensing and magnetic resonance of magnetic elements outside the diamond. For those applications, a long decoherence time and positioning of an NV center on the diamond surface are desired. Here, we report the creation of NV centers near the diamond surface using a 3 keV nitrogen implantation and the coherence property of the created NV center.
East coast copmuter algebra day 2017

The East Coast Computer Algebra Day 2017 (ECCAD 2017) was hosted byWolfram Research on Saturday, April 29, 2017.
The role of education in the association between race/ethnicity/nativity, cognitive impairment, and dementia among older adults in the United States

Background Older Black and Hispanic adults are more likely to be cognitively impaired than older White adults. Disadvantages in educational achievement for minority and immigrant populations may contribute to disparities in cognitive impairment. Objective Examine the role of education in racial/ethnic and nativity differences in cognitive impairment/no dementia (CIND) and dementia among older US adults. Methods Data comes from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study. A total of 19,099 participants aged ≥50 were included in the analysis. Participants were categorized as having normal cognition, CIND, or dementia based on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) or questions from a proxy interview. We document age and educational differences in cognitive status among White, Black, US-born Hispanic, and foreign-born Hispanic adults by sex. Logistic regression is used to quantify the association between race/ethnicity/nativity, education, and cognitive status by sex. Results Among women, foreign-born Hispanics have higher odds of CIND and dementia than Whites. For men, Blacks have higher odds for CIND and dementia compared to Whites. The higher odds for CIND and dementia across race/ethnic and nativity groups was reduced after controlling for years of education but remained statistically significant for older Black and US-born Hispanic adults. Controlling for education reduces the odds for CIND (women and men) and dementia (men) among foreign-born Hispanics to nonsignificance. Contribution These results highlight the importance of education in CIND and dementia, particularly among foreign-born Hispanics. Addressing inequalities in education can contribute to reducing racial/ethnic/nativity disparities in CIND and dementia for older adults.
Irritable Colon Syndrome

The irritable colon syndrome is a common cause of visits to a physicians’s office and time lost from work in the United States. The number of such patients who present to a physician appears to be the tip of the iceberg, since approximately a third of otherwise healthy persons have similar symptoms.1,2 The subgroup of patients who present to a physician may be selected by factors other than their symptoms. These patients have increased numbers of negative life events which may alter their psychologie makeup and their ability to cope with their symptoms.3,4 There is also evidence that during their childhood, many of these many of these patients received positive reinforcement for their symptoms.5 This explains why patients with increased bowel complaints in childhood may have similar complaints as adults.6,7 However, it is unclear if there is a genetic predisposition to the irritable colon, or if the symptoms are learned behavior.
Spherical Ceramic Powders for Thermal Spraying

A new family of spherical ceramic powders, designated HOSP (an acronym for Hollow Oven Spherical Powder), has been developed for the thermal spray industry. HOSP powders include, but are not limited to, alumina, zirconia, and chromia based materials. Coating areas where these ceramic powders are utilized include high temperature clearance control, thermal barrier and corrosive-wear applications. HOSP powders combine the flow advantages of spherical, free flowing spray dried materials together with the prealloyed advantages of fused and crushed powders. Additional benefits of HOSP powders over conventional ceramic powders are 1) higher deposition rates, 2) more uniform melting characteristics, 3) consistent, reproducible particle size characterization, and 4) reduced powder contamination levels. These advantages translate into improved process control during application. Performance related problems encountered by the end users are minimized because of the more consistent and repeatable coating microstructure.
EasyWinWin: Eine groupware-unterstützte Methode zur Erhebung und Verhandlung von Anforderungen.

Die Anforderungsdefinition spielt fur den Erfolg von Software-Projekten eine entscheidende Rolle. Fehlende, unklare, oder fehlerhafte Anforderungen fuhren oft zu Schwierigkeiten in Projekten oder sogar zum Scheitern von Entwicklungsvorhaben. Obwohl eine Vielzahl von Standards, Vorgehensmodellen, Beschreibungssprachen und Werkzeugen verfugbar ist, hat die Software-Industrie nach wie vor Schwierigkeiten mit Anforderungen. Das ist durch zahlreiche Studien belegt: So wurde beispielsweise bei einer im Rahmen des ESSI Projekts ESPITI in Osterreich in 340 Unternehmen durchgefuhrten Untersuchung die Definition von Anforderungen von mehr als zwei Drittel der Firmen und das Anforderungsmanagement von mehr als der Halfte der Firmen als die wichtigsten Probleme im Entwicklungsprozess genannt [3]. Eine von der Standish Group durchgefuhrte Erhebung in mehr als 8000 Projekten ergab, dass 30% aller Projekte vorzeitig scheitern und 70% der verbleibenden Projekte nicht die Kundenerwartungen erfullen. In mehr als 50% der Falle lag die Ursache bei Schwierigkeiten wahrend der Anforderungsdefinition [10]. Wahrend fur die Beschreibung, Modellierung und Qualitatssicherung von Anforderungen viele Ansatze existieren, ist das Vorgehen bei der gemeinsamen Erhebung, Abklarung und Verhandlung von Anforderungen oft noch sehr unstrukturiert. Die Kommunikation unter den Projektbeteiligten und -betroffenen (stakeholder) ist aber fur den Erfolg von Anforderungen entscheidend. So fuhrt nur das gebundelte Fachwissen von Kunden, Anwendern, Entwicklern, Fachexperten, etc. zu tragfahigen Losungen. Es ist also wichtig, wirkungsvolle Verfahren zur Erhebung und zum Austausch dieses Wissens einzusetzen. Es gilt auch, die oft widerspruchlichen Ziele, Erwartungen, Standpunkte und Vorstellungen zu kennen und aufeinander abzustimmen. Konflikte ergeben sich beispielsweise zwischen gewunschtem Funktionsumfang und verfugbarem Budget, zwischen Funktionsumfang, verfugbarer Zeit und resultierender Qualitat oder auch zwischen gewunschter Entwicklungstechnologie und Ausbildungsstand und Erfahrung der Entwickler. Solche Widerspruche und Konflikte moglichst fruhzeitig zu erkennen ist ein wesentlicher Beitrag zum Risikomanagement in Software Projekten.
A Novel and Safe Approach to Simulate Cutting Movements Using Ground Reaction Forces.

Control of shear ground reaction forces (sGRF) is important in performing running and cutting tasks as poor sGRF control has implications for those with knee injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. The goal of this study was to develop a novel and safe task to evaluate control or accurate modulation of shear ground reaction forces related to those generated during cutting. Our approach utilized a force control task using real-time visual feedback of a subject’s force production and evaluated control capabilities through accuracy and divergence measurements. Ten healthy recreational athletes completed the force control task while force control via accuracy measures and divergence calculations was investigated. Participants were able to accurately control sGRF in multiple directions based on error measurements. Forces generated during the task were equal to or greater than those measured during a number of functional activities. We found no significant difference in the divergence of the force profiles using the Lyapunov Exponent of the sGRF trajectories. Participants using our approach produced high accuracy and low divergence force profiles and functional force magnitudes. Moving forward, we will utilize this task in at-risk populations who are unable to complete a cutting maneuver in early stages of rehabilitation, such as ACL deficient and newly reconstructed individuals, allowing insight into force control not obtainable otherwise.
Legal and Regulatory Considerations of Diabetes Disease Management

Laws and regulations pertaining to health care have increased dramatically in the past 20 years and have assumed heightened, some would say overstated, significance in the operation of health plans and patient care services. Many health care organizations are not fortunate enough to have an attorney available for frequent consultation. Therefore, acquiring a basic understanding of the laws affecting the delivery of health care is a valuable investment of time and money. In this chapter, we provide an overview review of laws and regulations and discuss certification and accreditation options that pertain to diabetes disease management (DM). Our discussion includes recently enacted Medicare and Medicaid DM provisions, HIPAA, as well as a discussion of accreditation programs such as the Joint Commission for Accreditation for Hospital Organizations (JCAHO), National Commission for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Utilization Review and Accreditation Committee (URAC), and the American Diabetes Association (ADA). PROLIFERATION OF DM REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES
High-Reliability Organizations: The Next Frontier in Healthcare Quality and Safety.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Influential health systems, regulatory bodies, and researchers have initiated a discussion over the past decade about translating the tenets of high-reliability organizations to healthcare. Nuclear power plants and the aviation industry have received the most attention for using tragedies, like the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and avoidable plane crashes, to drive the adoption of a high-reliability mindset. Despite documentation of serious adverse events and research on the key principles of high-reliability organizations, the healthcare sector has not fully committed to achieving zero harm. The goals of this essay are to summarize how high reliability differs from other improvement methodologies, explore the imperative to commit to high reliability, address barriers to adoption, provide practical recommendations for implementation, and predict what can be achieved from this investment.
Mothball ingestion as a manifestation of pica, leading to paradichlorobenzene CNS toxicity.

Background: Pica is a poorly understood psychiatric disorder that presents with the ingestion of non-nutritious substances for unclear reasons. A high index of suspicion for unusual toxin exposure aids in the diagnosis of pica patients presenting with unexplained neurodegenerative features. Methods: We present a 47-year-old female with worsening gait over the past year. Prior to this, she was fully independent with activities of daily living, but is now mostly housebound due to frequent falls. Past medical history is significant for menorrhagia, iron deficiency anemia and pica. CBC and iron studies revealed iron deficiency with microcytic hypochromic anemia. MRI brain demonstrated symmetrical T2 hyperintensities within the middle cerebellar peduncles. Results: Differential diagnoses for her clinical deficits and imaging, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Multiple System At- rophy and Fragile X Tremor-Ataxia Syndrome, were excluded based on neurological assessment, family history and genetic PCR testing. Collateral history revealed a regular habit of mothball ingestion and serum paradichlorobenzene levels were elevated to 15mcg/mL. The patient was treated with iron replacement therapy and her symptoms gradually improved over several months. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is commonly associated with pica, which can lead to toxin ingestion. A high index of suspicion for toxin ingestion in pica patients can immensely aid in the diagnosis. Mothball abuse secondary to pica may affect the CNS and can present with nonspecific neurodegenerative changes. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases in the literature with paradichlorobenzene neurotoxicity predominantly affecting the middle cerebellar peduncles. Keywords: Mothball; paradichlorobenzene; PDCB; toxicity; pica; middle cerebellar peduncles.
White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in the Broca's-Wernicke's-Putamen "Hoffman Hallucination Circuit" and Auditory Transcallosal Fibers in First-Episode Psychosis With Auditory Hallucinations.

Background Functional connectivity abnormalities between Broca's and Wernicke's areas and the putamen revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are related to auditory hallucinations (AH). In long-term schizophrenia, reduced white matter structural integrity revealed by diffusion imaging in left arcuate fasciculus (connecting Broca's and Wernicke's areas) is likely related to AH. The structural integrity of connections with putamen and their relation to AH are unknown. Little is known about this relationship in first-episode psychosis (FEP), although auditory transcallosal connections were reported to play a role. White matter in the Broca's-Wernicke's-putamen language-related circuit and auditory transcallosal fibers was examined to investigate associations with AH in FEP. Methods White matter connectivity was measured in 40 FEP and 32 matched HC using generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) derived from diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). Results FEP and HC did not differ in gFA in any fiber bundle. In FEP, AH severity was significantly inversely related to gFA in auditory transcallosal fibers and left arcuate fasciculus. Although the right hemisphere arcuate fasciculus-AH association did not attain significance, the left and right arcuate fasciculus associations were not significantly different. Conclusions Despite overall normal gFA in FEP, AH severity was significantly related to gFA in transcallosal auditory fibers and the left hemisphere connection between Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Other bilateral tracts' gFA were weakly associated with AH. At the first psychotic episode, AH are more robustly associated with left hemisphere arcuate fasciculus and interhemispheric auditory fibers microstructural deficits, likely reflecting mistiming of information flow between language-related cortical centers.
Onset of Respiratory Complications in ICU Patients With Three or More Rib Fractures

Background: Patients with multiple rib fractures are at higher risk for respiratory complications and mortality. Current recommendations are admission with close observation for patients at high risk for significant respiratory complications (SRC); namely over sixty-five years of age concurrent with four or more rib fractures. However, the duration of close monitoring is not clear and often patients are transferred out of critical care setting after a brief period. We hypothesize that SRC arise beyond seventy-two hours from time of hospital admission. Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to Level 1 Trauma Center from 2015 to 2018 with three or more rib fractures who were initially breathing spontaneously and developed SRC. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed and date of onset of SRC was noted. SRC were defined as respiratory failure or respiratory distress requiring intubation or noninvasive ventilatory support. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained and data were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results: 1078 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 343 (32%) developed a complication. Of these, twenty-two patients developed a rib-fracture-related SRC and were included in the final analysis. All were admitted to the Trauma ICU for close observation. The average age was 60 years old and average Chest Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) was 3.1. Nine patients (40%) were transferred out of the TICU after this initial observation period (3.5 days avg.) and developed SRC thereafter. One of these patients died. Onset of SRC in this group was 7.4 days following admission. On average, patients with 3 or more rib fractures were transferred from the ICU 7.6 days after admission, and developed SRC 6 days after admission. Conclusions: Significant respiratory complications are uncommon amongst patients with rib fractures admitted to our trauma center. When they did occur, they commonly developed after their initial period of close observation in the ICU. Therefore strategies to prevent SRC should include daily reassessment of respiratory risk and be sustained beyond the initial close observation period.
Building the Field of Social Media and Education: Reflections from #Cloud2Class Conference Organizers:

The American Educational Research Association sponsored the 2018 #Cloud2Class conference. Through virtual or in-person participation, more than 100 individuals participated in a three-day conferenc...
The Impact of Mental Illness on Postoperative Adverse Outcomes After Outpatient Joint Surgery.

Abstract Background The effect of pre-existing mental illness on outpatient surgical outcomes is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between pre-existing mental illness diagnosis and postoperative complications after outpatient total knee (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 2) compare with inpatient total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods The Mariner Claims Database was used to capture patients undergoing outpatient TJA from 2010 to 2017. Patients were grouped into three categories: those with an existing history of anxiety and/or depression, those with severe mental illness, and those without history of mental illness. Additional subgroup analysis compared those with severe mental illness undergoing outpatient vs inpatient TJA. Outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression (P Results Patients undergoing outpatient TJA with prior history of anxiety and/or depression or severe mental illness had an increased risk of emergency department (ED) visits (TKA, P Conclusion Anxiety/depression and severe mental illness are associated with higher rates of ED visits after outpatient TJA. Patients with severe mental illness also experienced more adverse events, whereas those with anxiety and/or depression had similar rates compared with control. A higher rate of adverse outcomes was seen after TKA in patients with severe mental illness when surgery was performed in the outpatient setting vs those that had surgery as an inpatient. Level of Evidence III.
Conditions for staggering and delaying outplantings of the kelps Saccharina latissima and Alaria marginata for mariculture

Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Grant/Award Number: NA18OAR4170078; Blue Evolution
Development and validation of a measure of postmodernity in dress

vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of the Study 3 Definitions of Terms 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Postmodernism 7 Significance of postmodernism in contemporary society 7 The term “postmodern” 8 Historical Background 9 Modernism 9 Postmodernism 9 Fundamental Concepts of Postmodernism: Nihilism and Critical Theory 11 Nihilism 11 Critical theory 11 Postmodern Conditions and Consumer Culture in Dress 13 Postmodern consumers and production 13 Modern fashion 14 Postmodern fashion 15 Characteristics of postmodern dress 16 Fragmentation 24 Hyperreality 25 Eclecticism 26 Postmodern fashion and ambivalence 28 Postmodern fashion and ambiguity 29 Instrument Reliability and Validity 30 Reliability 31 Validity 31 Research Hypothesis 33 Objectives 33 CHAPTER 3: METHODS 35 Data Collection Questionnaire 35 Generating scale items of being postmodern in dress as a pilot study 35 Visual stimuli and scale items 39 Sample and Procedure for Main Study 40 Approval for the Use of Human Subjects 42 Consent Forms 42
Chapter 2 Ion Implantation and Materials for GaAs Integrated Circuits

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the materials and implantation procedures used to produce high-quality regions for the fabrication of gallium arsenide (GaAs) integrated circuits (ICs).The basic requirement for the substrate material provides electrical isolation among devices, while at the same time allows the formation of high-mobility controlled-doping regions in the areas where devices are to be fabricated. This requirement in most applications is by selective region ion implantation into bulk substrate material of sufficient quality, or by selective region ion implantation into high-purity epitaxial layers produced by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) or vapor-phase epitaxy (VPE). The procedures used for the formation of n-layers, for active regions of MESFETs and diodes, and for the formation of n+ regions for the ohmic contact regions of the circuits are discussed in the chapter. It also elaborates the production of medium-scale integration (MSI) GaAs ICs, with emphasis on the influence of implantation conditions and anneal conditions and, most importantly, the influence of the starting substrate material on the properties of the devices and circuits.
Longitudinal Influences on Men’s Lives: Research from the Transition to Fatherhood Project and Beyond

In this paper we discuss findings from the Transition to Fatherhood Project, as well as other research, to consider how changes in fatherhood may affect men. We first outline how the context of fathering has changed over the past half a century; we focus particularly on non-marital fatherhood, non-custodial fatherhood and multiple- partner fertility. Then, in the second part of the paper, we summarize what the literature can tell us about the employment and health consequences of fatherhood for men in different contexts and the intrinsic benefits from direct involvement with children. We close with a call for more research on the motivations for fatherhood, how fatherhood affects men differently and on how men think about fatherhood. In addition, we call for public policy based on the idea that children need time as well as money from their fathers.
Electronic health (eHealth) interventions for weight management among racial/ethnic minority adults: a systematic review

Electronic health (eHealth) interventions have demonstrated efficacy for weight management. However, little is known about their efficacy among racial/ethnic minority populations, in whom there is a disproportionate prevalence of obesity. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of eHealth weight management interventions among overweight and obese racial/ethnic minority adults. We required that trial samples be comprised of at least 50% racial/ethnic minorities or report outcomes by race/ethnicity. We searched five electronic databases for trials conducted through June 2012. Six papers met our eligibility criteria. These studies provide suggestive evidence that eHealth interventions can produce low magnitude, short-term weight loss among racial/ethnic minorities. Trials were methodologically sound, with high retention and participant engagement. There was no evidence detailing the efficacy of mobile health approaches, although this area is promising given high utilization rates of mobile devices among racial/ethnic minorities. More evidence, particularly from longer-term trials, is necessary to demonstrate that eHealth intervention approaches can produce clinically meaningful (≥ 5% of initial body weight) weight loss among racial/ethnic minority populations.
Esophagomyotomy for Esophageal Achalasia and Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

In esophageal achalasia the body of the esophagus is unable to produce organized peristaltic contractions, and the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax following the act of swallowing. This combination of events results in partial obstruction. The esophagus dilates. The patient suffers from dysphagia, regurgitation, tracheal aspiration, and pneumonitis in advanced cases. Long-term relief from the symptoms of achalasia requires either hydrostatic dilatation of the lower esophagus or an esophagomyotomy. Both procedures result in interrupting the continuity of the circular muscle surrounding the distal esophagus. Sanderson, Ellis, and Olsen report that hydrostatic dilatation has been successful in relieving symptoms in 815 of their cases, of which 3.2% required emergency surgery for esophageal perforation. There were no deaths. On the other hand, Ellis, Kiser, Schlegel, Earlam, and others (1967) feel that surgical esophagomyotomy is the treatment of choice for esophageal achalasia. They experienced one death from malignant hyperthermia in 269 operations. There was only a 35 incidence of symptomatic reflux esophagitis. An additional 3% of cases experienced poor results in the form of either persistent or recurrent symptoms of dysphagia not related to gastroesophageal reflux. A majority of the patients having poor results from esophagomyotomy had previously under-gone unsuccessful treatment by hydrostatic dilatation or surgery. Using a similar technique of esophagomyotomy, Okike, Payne, and Newfeld also noted only a 3% incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis in a study of 200 operations for achalasia done at the Mayo Clinic from 1967 to 1975. These authors report good or excellent results in 90% of their patients.
Generalized realizations and output feedback control of asynchronous sequential machines with races

The novel notion of a ‘generalized realization’ for asynchronous sequential machines with critical races is presented as a tool for the design of output feedback controllers that eliminate the uncertainty caused by critical races. A generalized realization helps represent the uncertainty induced by critical races and creates a deterministic relationship between input-output data and the generalized state. This makes it possible to use deterministic techniques to design output feedback controllers for non-deterministic asynchronous sequential machines.
The Statistical Analysis of Judicial Decisions and Legal Rules with Classification Trees

A key question in the quantitative study of legal rules and judicial decision making is the structure of the relationship between case facts and case outcomes. Legal doctrine and legal rules are general attempts to define this relationship. This article summarizes and utilizes a statistical method relatively unexplored in political science and legal scholarship— classification trees—that offers a flexible way to study legal doctrine. I argue that this method, while not replacing traditional statistical tools for studying judicial decisions, can better capture many aspects of the relationship between case facts and case outcomes. To illustrate the method’s advantages, I conduct classification tree analyses of search and seizure cases decided by the U.S. Supreme Court and confession cases decided by the courts of appeals. These analyses illustrate the ability of classification trees to increase our understanding of legal rules and legal doctrine.
Real-time--directed M-mode echocardiography: a new technique for accurate and rapid quantitation of the fetal preejection period and ventricular ejection time of the right and left ventricles.

Although persons of all ages may be affected, 80% of 59 hospitalized patients in one series were younger than 10 years, and 95% were under 15 years of age. Males predominated 3 to 1 (3 : 1). With adult onset, distribution is equal between males and females. Prognosis is excellent if the kidneys are spared. Death in the acute phase is rare (less than 2%) but may occur from gastrointestinal complications or acute renal failure. If nephritis develops, mortality of about 10% results. Late death may occur from chronic renal disease. The effect of pregnancy on the disease, or vice versa, is unknown. Treatment is symptomatic only. Steroids have not been shown to affect renal involvement in the acute phase nor to prevent chronic hisease, and may potentiate hypertension, However, steroids do help when (rarely) the central nervous system is involved. The etiology is unclear although presumed to be from hypersensitivity (allergic) or autoimmune. In the rare case in which a specific allergen can be proved, contact with that agent should be avoided. The outcome of this pregnancy was good; kidney function was minimally compromised during part of the antepartum course, but was normal at term. Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a very rare complication of pregnancy, and only a single case is reported here.
Streptococcal adherence to Langerhans cells: a possible step in the pathogenesis of streptococcal pharyngitis.

Abstract Group A streptococci are nonmotile and have no structures that would enable them to penetrate submucosally into the pharynx. We have postulated that they adhere to host pharyngeal mucosal cells called Langerhans cells that are motile and could transport them into deeper tissues. We used a microscopic assay to assess the adherence of streptococci to cells from normal pharyngeal scrapings after the cells and bacteria were incubated in vitro . Langerhans cells were identified by immunofluorescent staining for the CD1a antigen. Nonstaining cells were considered to be keratinocytes. Of the 2279 cells examined from 9 subjects, 92.6% were keratinocytes and 7.4% were Langerhans cells. Only 1.8% of the 2111 keratinocytes had >50 bacteria attached in this assay, while 76.2% of the 168 Langerhans cells had >50 attached bacteria. Thus, under the conditions of this study, group A streptococci adhere preferentially to Langerhans cells from the pharynx. Adherence to these motile cells may provide a mechanism through which pathogenic streptococci may be transported into submucosal tissues.
Effects of Head Start REDI on Children's Outcomes 1 Year Later in Different Kindergarten Contexts.

One year after participating in the Research-based, Developmentally Informed (REDI) intervention or “usual practice” Head Start, the learning and behavioral outcomes of 356 children (17% Hispanic, 25% African American; 54% girls; Mage = 4.59 years at initial assessment) were assessed. In addition, their 202 kindergarten classrooms were evaluated on quality of teacher–student interactions, emphasis on reading instruction, and school-level student achievement. Hierarchical linear analyses revealed that the REDI intervention promoted kindergarten phonemic decoding skills, learning engagement, and competent social problem-solving skills, and reduced aggressive–disruptive behavior. Intervention effects on social competence and inattention were moderated by kindergarten context, with effects strongest when children entered schools with low student achievement. Implications are discussed for developmental models of school readiness and early educational programs.
A dynamic model of forest carbon storage in the united states during climatic change

As carbon dioxide increases and climate changes over the next century, will ecosystems react by storing more carbon or by releasing it? While many ecosystem models predict that natural forest syste...
Millisecond long-lived charge separated state at room temperature in a flexibly linked diphenylaminopolyene-C60 dyad

Long-lived photoinduced charge separation involving one-step electron transfer is achieved in diphenylaminopolyene based C60-donor dyads with a short, flexible linkage.
Influence of molecular variations of ionophore and lipid on the selective ion permeability of membranes: I. Tetranactin and the methylation of nonactin-type carriers.

The manner in which the molecular structure of the carrier and the lipid composition of the membrane modulate the membrane selectivity among monovalent cations has been investigated for nonactin, trinactin, and tetranactin, which differ only in their degrees of methylation, and for membranes made of two lipids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and glyceryl dioleate, in which “equilibrium” and “kinetic” aspects of permeation, respectively, are emphasized. Bilayer permeability ratios for Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl, and NH4 have been characterized and resolved into “equilibrium” and “kinetic” components using a model for carrier-mediated membrane transport which includes both a trapezoidal energy barrier for translocation of the complex across the membrane interior and a potential-dependence of the loading and unloading of ions at the membrane-solution interfaces. The bilayer permeability properties due to tetranactin have been characterized in each of these lipids and found not only to be regular but to be systematically related to those of the less methylated homologues, trinactin and nonactin. This analysis has led to the following conclusions: (1) The change in lipid composition alters the relative contributions of “kinetic”vs. “equilibrium” components to the observed carrier-mediated selectivity. (2) Increased methylation of the carrier increases the contribution of the “kinetic” component to the selectivity relative to that of the “equilibrium” component and additionally alters the “equilibrium” component sufficiently that an inversion in Cs−Na selectivity occurs between trinactin and tetranactin. (3) For all ions and carriers examined, the “reaction plane” for ion-carrier complexation and the width for the “diffusion barrier” can be represented by the same two parameters, independent of the ion or carrier, so that in all cases the complexation reaction senses 10% of the applied potential and the plateau of the “diffusion barrier” extends across 70% of the membrane interior.