cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyber, Social and Communication Failures in the Implantable Medical Device Ecosystem

The aim of this paper is to bring to light the issues of internet connected implantable medical devices and the ecosystem around them that cause the failure of communication and ultimately the security of these devices. Private medical device companies creating internet connected devices for patients are part of what this paper is terming the ‘neoliberal IMD conveyor belt’. This paper examines IMD hacks, IMD market pressures, and implements the crime triangle into the IMD ecosystem. In addition, this paper presents the story of failure that led to the Medtronic wireless pacemaker issue that forced Homeland Security CISA to announce that 750,000 Medtronic pacemakers were susceptible to low level skill exploits.
The role of extracellular matrix biomolecules on endometrial epithelial cell attachment and cytokeratin 18 expression on gelatin hydrogels

ABSTRACT The endometrium undergoes profound changes in tissue architecture and composition, both during the menstrual cycle as well as in the context of pregnancy. Dynamic remodeling processes of the endometrial extracellular matrix (ECM) are a major element of endometrial homeostasis, including changes across the menstrual cycle. A critical element of this tissue microenvironment is the endometrial basement membrane, a specialized layer of proteins that separates the endometrial epithelium from the underlying endometrial ECM. Bioengineering models of the endometrial microenvironment that present an appropriate endometrial ECM and basement membrane may provide an improved environment to study endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) function. Here, we exploit a tiered approach using two-dimensional high throughput microarrays and three-dimensional gelatin hydrogels to define patterns of EEC attachment and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) expression in response to combinations of endometrial basement membrane proteins. We identify combinations (collagen IV + tenascin C; collagen I + collagen III; hyaluronic acid + tenascin C; collagen V; collagen V + hyaluronic acid; collagen III; collagen I) that facilitate increased EEC attachment, increased CK18 intensity, or both. We also identify significant EEC mediated remodeling of the GelMA matrix environment via analysis of nascent protein deposition. Together, we report efforts to tailor the localization of basement membrane-associated proteins and proteoglycans in order to investigate tissue engineered models of the endometrial microenvironment.
Chapter 8: Isolation of Metaphase Chromosomes, Mitotic Apparatus, and Nuclei

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the isolation of metaphase chromosomes, mitotic apparatus, and nuclei. The methods employed for the mass isolation of any cell organelle are limited by the physical and chemical nature of the structure, the adherence of contaminating materials from the cell, and the final desired state of the isolated component. Isolation of subcellular components for experimental study has generally been aimed at a specific cell organelle with little or no consideration of the slight modifications which might allow nearly identical isolation conditions for a number of related structures. The advantage of subjecting biochemical isolations of organelles to similar conditions is that the observations may be compared without concern that differences in experimental parameters may prevent parallel or related observations.
Studies on the correlation between androgen binding and activation of rat epididymal tubules in culture.

We have recently reported that rat epididymal tissues maintained in organ culture responded to androgens added to the culture media by stimulating the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into protein (1). Similarly, the incorporation of radioactive uridine into RNA was also increased. However, in contrast to the rapid effects induced by androgens when injected into animals, the response of cultured tissues to added hormone occurred after a rather prolonged time lag.
Yearling Bulls Shorten the Duration of Postpartum Anestrus in Beef Cows to the Same Extent as Do Mature Bulls

The objective of this study was to determine whether yearling bulls, when pastured with cows, reduced the duration of postpartum anestrus to the same extent as did mature bulls. This experiment was conducted over a 3-yr period. Cows were stratified by parity group to achieve 37% 2-yr-old and 63% mature (> 2-yr-old) cows within each treatment group (approximately 50 cows per treatment per year). Cows were assigned in the order in which they calved to one of three treatment groups: 1) isolated from bulls (NBE; n = 158); 2) exposed to mature bulls that were > 3 yr of age (MBE; n = 154); or 3) exposed to bulls that were 1 yr of age (YBE; n = 152). Beginning the 2nd wk after calving, cows were pastured with either sterile bulls that were 1 yr (YBE) or > 3 yr of age (MBE) (three bulls per treatment group). Blood samples were collected twice weekly from late March until mid-July each year. Cows with serum concentrations of progesterone > 1 ng/mL for two consecutive sampling periods were assumed to have initiated estrous cycles after calving. Duration of postpartum anestrus in cows exposed to yearling bulls (YBE = 61.8 +/- 1.8 d) did not differ (P > .10) from duration of postpartum anestrus in cows exposed to mature bulls (MBE = 59.5 +/- 1.7 d). Duration of postpartum anestrus was shorter (P < .01) for cows exposed to bulls (MBE+YBE = 61.0 +/- 1.7 d) than for cows isolated from bulls (NBE = 72.3 +/- 1.8 d).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The release of protons and anions during ligand binding to human deoxyhemoglobin.

Abstract A direct comparison has been made of the time courses of ligand binding to, anion release from, and proton release from deoxyhemoglobin A. All three processes exhibit different kinetic features. To a first approximation, protons are expelled as each ligand molecule is bound, but anions are released only after several ligand molecules have been bound. Under conditions when the α and β chains react at the same rates with ligands (carbon monoxide binding in the absence of phosphates or n-butyl isocyanide binding at low ionic strength), the time course of proton release is proportional to the time course of ligand binding. However, when the β chains react more rapidly with ligands than the α chains (carbon monoxide binding in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate or n-butyl isocyanide binding in the presence of salts), a lag is observed in the time course of proton release. About 20% of the total amount of protons displaced are released during ligand binding to the β chains and the remaining 80% are released during ligand binding to the α chains. These results suggest that many microscopic conformational equilibria are required for an adequate description of the functional behavior of hemoglobin.
Simultaneous Equations Bias

This refers to the bias from using linear regression to estimate the parameters of an equation that is part of a system of simultaneous equations. Keywords: error terms in regression; linear regression; variance
Mutagenesis of key residues identifies the connection subdomain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase as the site of inhibition by heme.

We have recently demonstrated that metalloporphyrins are potent inhibitors of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) reverse transcriptases (RTs) [Argyris, E.G., Vanderkooi, J.M., Venkateswaran, P.S., Kay, B.K., and Paterson, Y. (1999) J. Biol. Chem.274, 1549–1556]. In addition, by screening a phage peptide library we discovered that a peptide with sequence similarity to residues 398–407 from the connection subdomain of HIV RTs binds heme. These findings suggested that this highly conserved region may be the binding site for metalloporphyrins and a novel site for inhibition of enzymatic activity. Our most recent data presented here confirm this suggestion. Screening of HIV-1 RT 398–407 peptide analogs by fluorescence assays demonstrates that Trp residues at positions 401 and 402 are important for heme binding. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of these residues verified these findings and indicated that heme inhibits HIV-1 RT by binding on the connection subdomain of the p66 subunit of the enzyme but not on the p51 subunit. This was also confirmed by analyzing the binding affinities of heme for mutant HIV-1 RT heterodimers, using intrinsic fluorescence assays. The clear identification of the connection domain as a novel inhibition site is crucial in understanding the mechanism of heme binding and enzymatic inhibition and will facilitate the generation of novel porphyrin-based inhibitors of RT.
WWWorkflow: World Wide Web based workflow

The paper describes WWWorkflow, a system developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the computer mediation of work through an organization. WWWorkflow exploits an opportunity created by organizational intranets to provide a common user interface across heterogeneous platforms. A distinctive feature of WWWorkflow is the careful separation of process mediation from product data management. WWWorkflow supports many types of workflow and is not focused on any single information structure. Three major components of the system are presented: a relational database approach to process definition and management, process initiation and event response software used to drive the flow of work through the organization, and a World Wide Web (WWW) based user interface and mechanism for integrating workflow with existing data management services. Lessons learned from its deployment at the Johnson Space Center, Houston are discussed.
Numerical investigation of transitional supersonic axisymmetric wakes

Transitional supersonic axisymmetric wakes are investigated by conducting various numerical experiments. The main objective is to identify hydrodynamic instability mechanisms in the flow at M =2 .46 for several Reynolds numbers, and to relate these to coherent structures that are found from various visualization techniques. The premise for this approach is the assumption that flow instabilities lead to the formation of coherent structures. Three high-order accurate compressible codes were developed in cylindrical coordinates for this work: a spatial Navier–Stokes (N-S) code to conduct direct numerical simulations (DNS), a linearized N-S code for linear stability investigations using axisymmetric basic states, and a temporal N-S code for performing local stability analyses. The ability of numerical simulations to exclude physical effects deliberately is exploited. This includes intentionally eliminating certain azimuthal/helical modes by employing DNS for various circumferential domain sizes. With this approach, the impact of structures associated with certain modes on the global wake-behaviour can be scrutinized. Complementary spatial and temporal calculations are carried out to investigate whether instabilities are of local or global nature. Circumstantial evidence is presented that absolutely unstable global modes within the recirculation region co-exist with convectively unstable shear-layer modes. The flow is found to be absolutely unstable with respect to modes k> 0f orReD > 5000 and with respect to the axisymmetric mode k =0 forReD > 100 000. It is concluded that azimuthal modes k =2 andk = 4 are the dominant modes in the trailing wake, producing a ‘four-lobe’ wake pattern. Two possible mechanisms responsible for the generation of longitudinal structures within the recirculation region are suggested.
Large deflection of antisymmetric angle-ply composite laminated plates in cylindrical bending

Abstract The von Karman large deflection theory is used in the analysis of antisymmetrically laminated angle-ply plates in cylindrical bending. The formulation considers the effect of transverse shear governing the behavior of moderately thick plates. The system of non-linear equations are solved numerically to evaluate the effect of transverse shear deformation on the response of the plate for a wide range of lateral pressure and lay-up angle. Numerical solutions are presented for uniformly loaded, simply supported plates having immovable edges in the plane of the plate. Solutions based on classical plate and shear deformation theories are compared to assess the influence of shear-bending coupling on the plate behavior in the non-linear regime.
Rotational heating during IR multiphoton excitation

Abstract It is shown that significant rotational heating can accompany the infrared multiphoton excitation of polyatomic molecules. The dynamical effects of this heating on dissociation products are discussed. Results of a simple model are displayed.
Conflict resolution style as an indicator of adolescents' substance use and other problem behaviors.

Abstract Reports of violence in schools across the nation prompted us to investigate how adolescents resolve conflicts among themselves. We hypothesized that adolescents who act out at school (“problem students”) do so because they have acquired maladaptive conflict resolution styles compared to students who do not manifest conduct problems at school (“nonproblem students”). We further hypothesized that inappropriate conflict resolution skills would be associated with a variety of other maladaptive behaviors. Sixty-one adolescents from a public high school (31 problem and 30 nonproblem students) participated in this study. Based on the dual concern model of conflict resolution, four interpersonal conflict resolution styles were assessed via self-report and videotaped behavioral enactment: cooperation, contentiousness, accommodation, and avoidance. Findings indicated that the problem adolescents were less cooperative and more contentious in conflict situations with peers. Maladaptive conflict resolution styles were associated with a range of externalizing behaviors including fighting, cigarette smoking, drinking, and marijuana use as well as low academic achievement. This study supports a role for conflict resolution style in studies of adolescent problem behavior and makes recommendations for the design of school-based prevention programs.
Canonical commutator and mass renormalization

The question considered is the effect on the canonical commutation rules of mass renormalization in quantum electrodynamics. This is investigated by considering the quantum Langevin equation for a charged quantum oscillator interacting with the radiation field via dipole interaction. Explicit expressions for the commutator are obtained for finite cutoff frequency as well as the large-cutoff limit. The surprising result obtained is that the exactly equal-time (canonical) commutator involves the bare mass, while the corresponding commutator for infinitesimally displaced times involves the renormalized mass.
Scanning tunneling microscope observations of polymer fracture surfaces

Scanning tunneling microscope observations of gold-coated polymer fracture surfaces are reported. We compare nm-scale surface features of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fractured under three different loading conditions: in tension at room temperature, in tension at liquid nitrogen temperature, and in the double torsion geometry at room temperature (slow crack growth). Fracture surfaces of polystyrene and polycarbonate loaded in tension at room temperature are also described. Each of these surfaces shows distinctive nm-scale features which we interpret in terms of the interaction between craze growth (fibril formation) and crack growth along the craze boundary. The resolution of these images is sufficient to greatly complement other fractographic studies.
On the application of Gibbs random field in image processing: from segmentation to enhancement

The Gibbs random field (GRF) has proved to be a simple and practical way of parameterizing the Markov random field, which has been widely used to model an image or image-related process in many image processing applications. In particular, the GRF can be employed to construct an efficient Bayesian estimation that often yields optimal results. We describe how the GRF can be efficiently incorporated into optimization processes in several representative applications, ranging from image segmentation to image enhancement. One example is the segmentation of computerized tomography (CT) volumetric image sequence in which the GRF has been incorporated into K-means clustering to enforce the neighborhood constraints. Another example is the artifact removal in discrete cosine transform-based low bit rate image compression where GRF has been used to design an enhancement algorithm that reduces the "blocking effect" and the 'Wnging effect" while still preserving the image details. The third example is the integration of GRF in a wavelet-based subband video coding scheme in which the highfrequency subbands are segmented and quantized with spatial constraints specified by a GRF, and the subsequent enhancement of the decompressed images is accomplished by smoothing with another type of GRF. With these diverse examples, we are able to demonstrate that various features of images can all be properly characterized by a GRF. The specific form of the GRF can be selected according to the characteristics of an individual application. We believe that the GRF is a powerful tool to exploit the spatial dependency in various images, and is applicable to many image processing tasks.
AlPO4-supported rhodium catalysts, VII, liquid-phase hydrogenation of Ph−CH=CH−R compounds

The liquid-phase hydrogenation of Ph−CH=CH−R substrates (E isomer) has been studied using rhodium supported at 1 wt% on two AlPO4 and an AlPO4−SiO2 catalyst. The reaction is zero order with respect to the substrate and first order with respect to hydrogen. The reaction rate has been found to be dependent on the support used, although the selectivity of the C−C double bond hydrogenation is 100%, except for E-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol and Ecinnamaldehyde which produce parallel isomerization-hydrogenolysis and undergo strong adsorption on the catalyst surface (autopoisoning), respectively. There is not a clear relationship between the electric or steric effects and the reaction rate.
Chirped amplitude modulation ladar for range and Doppler measurements and 3-D imaging

ABSTRACT Shipboard infrared search and track (IRST) systems can detect sea-skimming anti-ship missiles at long ranges, but cannot distinguish missiles from slowly moving false targets and clutter. In a joint Army-Navy program, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing a ladar to provid e unambiguous range and veloc ity measurements of targets detected by the distributed aperture system (DAS) IRST system being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). By using the ladar's range and velocity data, false alarms and clutter objects will be distinguished from incoming missiles. Because the ladar uses an array receiver, it can also provide three-dimensional (3-D) imagery of potential threats at closer ranges in support of the force protection/situational awarene ss mission. The ladar development is being accomplished in two phases. In Phase I, ARL designed, built, and reported on an initial breadboard ladar for pr oof-of-principle static platform field tests. In Phase II, ARL was tasked to design, and test an advanced breadboard ladar that corrected various shortcomings in the transmitter optics and receiver electronics and improved the signal processing and display code. The advanced breadboard will include a high power laser source utilizing a long pulse erbium amplifier built under contract. Because award of the contract for the erbium amplifier was delayed, final assembly of the advanced ladar is delayed. In the course of this years work we built a research receiver to facilitate design revisions, and when combined with a low-power laser, enabled us to demonstrate the viability of the compone nts and subsystems comprising the advanced ladar. Key Words : Ladar, Lidar, fm-cw, chirped AM, range-Doppler, tracking, 3D imaging, cruise missile, force protection, IRST
Abstract PD03-03: Pre-surgical Trial of Metformin in Overweight and Obese, Multi-ethnic Patients with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer

Background: Overweight or obese women with breast cancer (BC) have a higher risk of distant recurrence and death compared to normal weight women. There is increasing evidence that insulin significantly mediates these adverse clinical outcomes. Laboratory and population studies demonstrate that metformin offers a protective BC effect through reduction of serum insulin levels and direct modulation of cellular protein synthesis and growth through AMPK pathway signaling. Our aim is to assess the biologic impact of metformin on blood- and tumor-based markers on insulin, IGF and AMPK/mTOR pathway signaling, and/or proliferation in operable BC patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 . Methods: The study was an open-label pre-surgical trial with metformin 1500 mg PO per day (500 mg am/1000 mg pm) for 2–4 weeks prior to surgical resection in 35 overweight or obese patients with invasive BC (n = 25) or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 10) and no history of diabetes. The primary endpoint was to assess a reduction in tumor proliferation. We have 80% power to detect a 30% decrease in Ki-67 in invasive BCs from baseline to post-metformin values (two-sample t-test, 0.05). Secondary endpoints include changes in BMI and insulin resistance markers, such as fasting serum insulin, lipid panel, glucose, leptin, and adiponectin. Tumor markers will be compared to untreated historical controls matched by age, BMI, and tumor characteristics. Results: Between Oct 2009 to Aug 2011, we screened 116 patients, enrolling 35 with newly diagnosed BC: 18/34 overweight (27.6: 25.1–29.7) and 16/34 obese (35.9: 30.5–46.4). Hispanic women made up 80% of the population (28/35). The median metformin duration was 22 days (1–64). All took metformin until the evening prior to surgery, except 2 (1 withdrew and 1 stopped early after surgery delay). More than half had a prior diagnosis of hypertension and a third had hypercholesterolemia. In the invasive BC cohort (n = 25), 19/25 (76%) were HR+/HER2−. The most common grade I-II included self-limiting diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, fatigue, and anorexia. Grade III events included abdominal pain (n = 1) and diarrhea (n = 3). The change in blood markers are described in the table. Tumor Ki-67 (immunohistochemistry) and pathway signaling analyses (reverse protein microarray) are ongoing. Conclusions: Our study is unique to other pre-surgical metformin trials due to the enrichment of overweight/obese BC patients and the ethnically diverse population. We observed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol and leptin with metformin, and a trend toward lower insulin, HOMA, and adiponectin. No significant changes in glucose or IGFP-3 levels are noted. We are awaiting tumor-based biomarker evaluation. Pre-surgical trials can assess an agent9s biological effect prior to long-term intervention trials. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD03-03.
IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES IN HUMAN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION I. OBSERVATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPPRESSED CUTANEOUS REACTIVITY IN UREMIA

Twenty-eight patients with chronic renal diseases and uremia were investigated with respect to their cutaneous responsiveness to a panel of antigens expected to elicit immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Compared to a control group, there was a marked decrease in the incidence of responses of both types. Eighteen patients received renal allografts from members of the control group and were available for restudy in the postoperative period prior to the institution of adrenal steroid therapy. Each recipient acquired delayed responsiveness with specificity identical with that of the kidney donor. The donor group was reactive to 49 antigens to which the recipients were non-reactive preoperatively. Postoperatively, 40 of these reactivities were observed in the recipients. This successful demonstration of the transfer of immunologically competent tissue in association with renal transplantation indicates that the cause of depressed cutaneous hypersensitivity in uremia is not an inability of the skin per se to react.
Flow patterns of n-hexadecane–CO2 liquid–liquid two-phase flow in vertical pipes under high pressure

Abstract To promote a better understanding of liquid–liquid two-phase flow behavior, particularly under high pressure, flow patterns of n -hexadecane–CO 2 liquid–liquid two-phase upward flow in vertical stainless steel pipes were experimentally investigated. Observations were made in two 0.0015 m I.D. pipes of different lengths (0.068 m and 0.5 m) under high pressure varying from 10.3 to 29.6 MPa using a high pressure visualization system. The total flow rate was fixed at 2.0 × 10 −6 m 3 /min, while the flow rate ratio ( φ ) varied from 0.05 to 19. Bubbly flow, plug flow, slug flow, annular flow, and near-one-phase flow regions were found in both pipes, while stratified flow was observed only in the 0.068 m pipe. Flow pattern maps were constructed in the flow rate ratio versus pressure graph, which demonstrates significant impacts of flow rate ratio, pipe length, and pressure on flow patterns. These impacts are discussed in detail. To the authors’ best knowledge, this work is the first attempt to observe complex liquid–liquid two-phase flow behavior with flow pattern transitions under high pressure, and contributes to a better understanding of liquid–liquid two-phase flow behavior.
Refusal of treatment: Suicide or competent choice

Increasingly, patients are exercising the right to refuse treatment. Patients who have been chronically ill or those who consider themselves terminally ill are most apt to do so. Accordingly, liaison psychiatrists are asked to determine whether refusal of treatment is an act of suicide or a competent choice. This is difficult to assess in the absence of delirium or overt psychosis. It is suggested that the dynamics and affective tones of the patients' reaction to the health care system as well as to family and friends are of major significance in this determination. The actual process of exploring these areas with patients making this choice is often therapeutic in restoring the patients' sense of control or authenticity. Often this process enables them to continue treatment and avoid the impulsive interpersonal anger that characterized the suicidal act.
A Review of: “Miller, B. L., Cummings, J. L., (Eds.). The Human Frontal Lobes: Functions and Disorders”

Frontal lobe circuits support our capacity for analysis and integrative thought, as well as recognition of and response to the banal and the bizarre, to the repetitive and the surprising, and to in...
A novel solid oxide redox flow battery for grid energy storage

In this work we report proof-of-concept of a novel redox flow battery consisting of a solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOEC) integrated with a redox-cycle unit. The charge/discharge characteristics were explicitly observed by operating between fuel cell and electrolysis modes of the SOEC along with “in-battery” generation and storage of H2 realized by an in situ closed-loop reversible steam-metal reaction in the redox-cycle unit. With Fe/FeO as the redox materials, the new storage battery can produce an energy capacity of 348 Wh/kg-Fe and round-trip efficiency of 91.5% over twenty stable charge/discharge cycles. This excellent performance combined with robustness, environmental friendliness and sustainability promise the new battery to be a transformational energy storage device for grid application.
Abstract 2044: Lin neg Sca-1high CD49f high prostate cancer cells derived from Hi-Myc mice are tumor-initiating cells with basal-epithelial characteristics and differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to play a key role in development and survival of many tumor types. In this study, we have isolated a population of cells that possess characteristics of CSC both in-vitro and in-vivo from prostate tumors of one-year-old Hi-Myc mice. These cells, called HMVP2, are Lin neg Sca-1 high CD49f high by flow cytometry (FC) analyses, with high CD44 and CD29 expression. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of HMVP2 cells showed positive staining for CK14, Sca-1 and CD49f while staining negative for CK8, suggesting basal-epithelial characteristics. HMVP2 cells were able to form spheroids and both cells and spheres were able to generate allograft tumors following s.c injection. After four days of culture, FC analysis of the spheres revealed a gradual transition from Lin neg Sca-1 high CD49f high expression to Lin neg Sca-1 low CD49f low indicative of possible differentiation to a more luminal-epithelial cell-type, while a part of the cells retained the original Lin neg Sca-1 high CD49f high expression. Moreover, additional cell subpopulations expressing Lin pos markers, and changes on the levels of CD34, CD44 and CD29 on Lin neg Sca-1 high CD49f high and Lin neg Sca-1 low CD49f low cells were also confirmed by FC, suggesting a differentiation to a hematopoietic/vessel and pre-adipocyte cell-subtypes. IF staining of the spheroids and grafted tumors revealed staining for Sca-1, CD49f, CK8 and CK14 also verifying the presence of two or more cell subpopulations. Two additional cell lines (HMVP2-A1 and HMVP2-A2) were isolated from the original grafted tumors following in vivo passage also showing CSC characteristics. Concurrently, we also isolated cells from the VP of 6 months old Hi-Myc mice (HMVP1) and FVB/N NTg mice (NMVP) having less aggressive growth properties compared to the other three cell lines. Expression of the AR was lower in HMVP2, HMVP2A1 and HMVP2A2 cells compared to NMVP and HMVP1 cells. The expression of vimentin was increased in cells from Hi-Myc mice compared to the NMVP cells. Collectively, our data suggest that single cells derived from prostate tumors in Hi-Myc mice, showing basal-epithelial progenitor characteristics, can differentiate to mixed cell populations and form tumors. These cells provide novel tools for studying tumor development as wells for analysis of novel preventive and/or therapeutic agents for prostate cancer. Citation Format: Jorge M. Blando, Achinto Saha, Irina Fernandez, Kaoru Kiguchi, John DiGiovanni. Lin neg Sca-1high CD49f high prostate cancer cells derived from Hi-Myc mice are tumor-initiating cells with basal-epithelial characteristics and differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2044. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2044
Aging and luminance-adaptation effects on spatial contrast sensitivity.

Contrast sensitivity as a function of target luminance for four spatial frequencies (0.5, 2, 4, and 8 cycles/deg) was measured in younger (n = 12; age range, 19–35 years) and older (n = 11; age range, 68–79 years) adults in order to examine the feasibility of optical and neural explanations for the impairment of contrast sensitivity in older adults. All subjects were free from identifiable ocular disease and had good acuity. Sensitivity for each spatial frequency was measured at eight luminance levels spanning 3.5 log units in the photopic–mesopic range. When gratings were flickered at 0.5 Hz, functions for older adults were displaced downward on the sensitivity axis across all luminance levels, and the slopes of these functions were steeper than those for younger adults, suggesting that optical mechanisms alone cannot account for the vision loss in older adults. Further measurements, in which spatial targets were flickered at 7.5 Hz, indicated that this faster temporal modulation affected sensitivity as a function of luminance differentially in younger and older adults. These data imply that the neural mechanisms subserving human spatial vision undergo significant changes during adulthood.
Interruption of the Aortic Arch with Aortico-pulmonary Septal Defect and Intact Ventricular Septum in a Teenage Girl

A case of complete interruption of aortic arch with aortico-pulmonary septal defect and intact ventricular septum in a teenage girl is reported in detail. She had right pulmonary artery banding at age nine years and has been doing quite well, leading a relatively active life. A total of 158 cases were reported in the literature. Intact ventricular septum is rare and only eight cases have been recorded. Aortico-pulmonary septal defect was present in three cases and no cases were similar to the present. Seventy-six percent died before one year of age and only five lived more than ten years.
Internal relations, the concrete universal, and historical materialism

This paper attempts to clarify how the internal relation and the concrete universal are both crucial canons of interpretation at play in Marx’s mature method of dialectical explanation, which moves...
Subcutaneous emphysema after operative dentistry: report of case.

Facial subcutaneous emphysema, which usually occurs during surgery that involves opening of the maxillary sinus, was experienced by a patient who was being prepared for a porcelain jacket crown. She experienced difficulty in breathing, pain, and facial swelling. A non-narcotic analgesic was prescribed and within five days the pain and swelling subsided.
Acute parathyroid hormone secretory dynamics: hormone secretion from normal primate and adenomatous human tissue in response to changes in extracellular calcium concentration.

PTH secretion has been evaluated extensively using short term incubation techniques, but these methods cannot be used to adequately evaluate the early phases of PTH secretion. We developed a dispersed cell perifusion system to study these acute secretory events. Responses to low calcium conditions were studied using dispersed cells from normal primate and adenomatous human parathyroid tissue. When these cell were perifused with 1.0 mM calcium medium, PTH secretion was stable, but increased within minutes in a dose-dependent manner in response to a lowering of extracellular calcium concentrations. Similarly, PTH secretion quickly declined when cells were exposed to higher extracellular calcium concentrations. In studies of cells from 11 human adenomas, the mean maximum secretion in response to 0.25 mM calcium conditions was 587 ± 330% (†SD) of that in response to 1.0 mM calcium. The magnitude of the response to low calcium stimulation was variable, and cells from two additional adenomas failed to respond t...
Abstract 4003: The role of ubiquitin-mediated binding in p210 BCR/ABL induced leukemogenesis

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorder that is invariably associated with a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 22 and 9. The major product of the rearrangement is a 210 kD in-frame fusion protein (p210 BCR/ABL) that contains amino-terminal sequences from BCR, and carboxy-terminal sequences from the non-receptor tyrosine kinase ABL. This fusion event leads to the constitutive activation of the ABL-encoded kinase activity, which is the principal driving force behind CML. Thus, inhibitors that target the kinase activity produce durable clinical remissions. Although the ABL-encoded kinase activity is essential for disease progression, several studies have shown that BCR encoded sequences are also necessary for BCR/ABL-mediated leukemogenesis. In this current study we have identified ubiquitin as a binding partner for BCR, and demonstrated that binding is retained in p210 BCR/ABL. We have localized the docking site for ubiquitin to residues 180-191 which is present in all fusion variants of BCR/ABL (p190, p210 and p230). This putative ubiquitin binding domain (UBD) does not conform to any known consensus sequence, and is unique to BCR. Deletion of the UBD does not impair the auto-or transkinase activity of p210 BCR/ABL, nor does it impair the interaction between p210 BCR/ABL and GRB2, or the ability of p210 BCR/ABL to activate ERK1/2. A mutation at residue tyr-177 of p210 BCR/ABL also does not impair the interaction with ubiquitin suggesting that the GRB2 and ubiquitin binding sites are adjacent, but separable. β-catenin has been identified as a binding partner for BCR and BCR/ABL, and the docking site has been mapped to a region of BCR/ABL that contains the UBD. Over-expression of p210 BCR/ABL, but not the ubiquitin binding mutant, leads to an accumulation of β-catenin that is phosphorylated on the serine residues that normally trigger ubiquitin-mediated turnover. This difference cannot be attributed to a difference in the activation status of GSK-3β or Pin-1. These results suggest that either β-catenin and ubiquitin share a docking site on p210 BCR/ABL, or that the interaction between β-catenin and p210 BCR/ABL is ubiquitination dependent. The latter possibility is consistent with a previous study which showed that glycine residue in β-catenin is required for Bcr interaction. We propose a model in which p210 BCR/ABL may influence the Wnt signaling pathway by binding ubiquitinated β-catenin, and stabilizing it against degradation. In a CML animal model, mice received the ubiquitin binding mutant have significantly increased the survival time compared with p210 BCR-ABL positive transplant mice. The role of ubiquitin mediated binding in p210 BCR/ABL-mediated leukemogenesis is currently being explored. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4003.
Analysis of Infant Crying is Predictive of Neurobehavioral Integrity in Newborns with Prenatal Polydrug Exposure † 88

Analysis of Infant Crying is Predictive of Neurobehavioral Integrity in Newborns with Prenatal Polydrug Exposure † 88
A Note on Intention and the Doctrine of Double Effect

The purpose of this note is to tidy up some matters concerning ascriptions of intention and the employment of the doctrine of double effect (henceforth DDE). I first argue that Jonathan Bennett’s efforts to show that DDE is a foolish doctrine are unsatisfactory. I then consider a puzzle of Mark Johnston’s that seems to pose a problem for the defender of DDE. I turn to possible solutions to the puzzle, criticize one, and then offer the one I find most appealing. I then show how my proposal for employing DDE enables it to make some distinctions between courses of conduct without issuing foolish pronouncements about moral permissibility.
Anti-Criminogenic Impacts of Culture on Female Gang Formation: The Case of Islam

Female gangs, a near universal phenomenon, do not seem to form in many Islamic countries. This article posits that it is the emergence of a powerful patriarchal culture under Islam that has impeded gang formation, both by protecting females against public predatory crime and by largely restricting their realms of social action. This aspect of Islamic culture is of interest to Western literature on female gang formation.
Ready, set, flow! But how does the flow know where to go?

The ability to efficiently regulate muscle blood flow in proportion to metabolic demand is critical for optimal muscle performance and has been an enduring subject of investigation that continues to intrigue the readers of The Journal of Physiology. Comprehensive answers to fundamental questions such as how muscle blood flow is increased during contraction and how it is appropriately distributed to the most metabolically active muscle fibres remain surprisingly elusive.
Mother's Employment Status, Family Income, and Children's Time Allocation

This study examined the effects of mother's employment and family income on the decision for children to participate in structured leisure activities and, given participation, the amount of time allocated to structured leisure activities. Tobit regression was used to analyze data on 149 children who did not participate and 197 children who participated in structured leisure activities. Mother's employ ment was found to have a negative effect on children's time allocation decisions related to structured leisure activities. Family income was not significantly related to time spent in structured leisure activities. Changes in the explanatory variables had a greater influence on the decision to participate than on the variation in time allocated once participating.
Deflection and crack-width prediction of concrete beams reinforced with glass FRP rods

Abstract Concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars exhibit large deflections and crack widths as compared to concrete beams reinforced with steel due to the low modulus of elasticity of FRP. Current design methods for predicting deflections at service load and crack widths developed in concrete structures reinforced with steel bars may not be used for concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars. Thus, the ACI 440 Committee has provided design guidelines for concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. Verification of the ACI 440 methods for predicting deflections and crack widths for glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams are presented in this paper. In addition, improvement to the crack width equation was suggested to account for 2 layers of reinforcement. This study shows that ACI 440.1R-01 can be effectively used to predict deflections in concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars and crack width in beams with one-layer FRP bars. However, when FRP bars are placed in two layers, ACI 440.1R-01 can be used after some parameters are modified. Six full concrete beams reinforced with different GFRP reinforcement ratios were load tested and the measured deflections and crack widths were analyzed and compared with those predicted by the proposed models. The experimental results compared well with those proposed by the model.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma by comparative genomic hybridization.

Abstract Uterine leiomyomata are among the most common of human neoplasms and are associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and abdominal pain. Uterine leiomyosarcomata are presumed to be the malignant counterpart to uterine leiomyomata and are very rare. Transformation of uterine leiomyoma (ULM) into uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is yet to be conclusively confirmed, and each type of tumor may represent a distinct genetic entity. We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to evaluate DNA sequence copy-number changes in 12 specimens of ULM and 8 of ULMS. CGH analysis of ULM demonstrated chromosomal imbalances in 8 of 12 (66.7%) specimens. The most frequent ULM gains were observed at 9q34 (a novel finding) and on chromosome 19. Other ULM imbalances included gains and losses of chromosome 1p, losses on 7q, and gains on 12q. All ULMS specimens demonstrated chromosomal aberrations. Chromosome 1 imbalances were very prominent. The most frequent losses were detected on 14q and 22q. Losses on 14q are rarely seen in other types of leiomyo–sarcoma and may be a distinctive feature of ULMS. Gains on chromosomes 8, 17, and X were observed in half the cases and were accompanied by high-level amplification. Other chromosome arms overrepresented included 12q and 19p. The absence of specific anomalies common to all ULM and ULMS argues against their being benign–malignant counterparts.
Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions

Abstract Bandura's self-efficacy theory, stemming from a social cognitive model of behavior, has been gaining empirical attention in the career literature. This paper reviews emerging findings applying self-efficacy theory to career-relevant behaviors; examines a number of conceptual and methodological issues arising from this work; and offers several directions for future research and theory on the career self-efficacy construct. Self-efficacy appears to offer promise in understanding certain career entry behaviors, such as college major choices and academic performance, though there has been little work relating self-efficacy to career development beyond college or exploring causal connections between self-efficacy and career behaviors. An expanded base for research on career self-efficacy is advocated.
Textbooks, the History of Sociology, and the Sociological Stock of Knowledge*:

Textbooks increasingly reflect changes in our sociological stock of knowledge about the founders of the discipline. Richard Hamilton is unaware of this research and its documentation of the flaws in earlier accounts of the history of the profession. In an effort to expand his disciplinary understanding, I briefly review the extensive scholarship on the sociology of Harriet Martineau which has been published over the last quarter of a century.
Degree Ramsey numbers for cycles and blowups of trees

Let H->sG mean that every s-coloring of E(H) produces a monochromatic copy of G in some color class. Let the s-color degree Ramsey number of a graph G, written R"@D(G;s), be min{@D(H):H->sG}. We prove that the 2-color degree Ramsey number is at most 96 for every even cycle and at most 3458 for every odd cycle. For the general s-color problem on even cycles, we prove R"@D(C"2"m;s)@?16s^6 for all m, and R"@D(C"4;s)>=0.007s^1^4^/^9. The constant upper bound forR"@D(C"n;2) uses blowups of graphs, where the d-blowup of a graph G is the graph G^' obtained by replacing each vertex of G with an independent set of size d and each edge e of G with a copy of the complete bipartite graph K"d","d. We also prove the existence of a function f such that if G^' is the d-blowup of G, then R"@D(G^';s)@?f(R"@D(G;s),s,d).
A portable system for the assessment of neuromuscular diseases with electrical impedance myography

Primary objective: To create a system for the acquisition of multi-angle, multifrequency muscle impedance data.Research design: Device development and preliminary testing.Methods and procedures: The system presented here employs an interrogating signal composed of multiple tones with frequencies between 10 kHz and 300 kHz. The use of a composite signal makes possible measurement of impedance at multiple frequencies simultaneously. In addition, this system takes impedance measurements at multiple orientations with respect to the muscle fibres by means of an electronically reconfigurable electrode array. The required measurement time is reduced by taking advantage of muscle's linearity with respect to the flow of electrical current.Main outcomes and results: The system was tested in normal subjects, a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and one with inclusion body myositis; unique impedance signatures were identified the two patients.Conclusions: Early data suggest that this system is capable of hig...
Honeybees and Magnetoreception

Studies of honeybee magnetoreception that provide anatomical and biophysical constraints on the insect receptor system contradict the conclusions of Hsu and Li in their report about iron granules in the abdominal trophocytes of honeybees.
Density Functional Theory Comparison of Water Dissociation Steps on Cu, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt

We report a plane-wave, supercell density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the adsorption and dissociation of water on (111) surfaces of Cu, Au, Pt, Pd, and Ni, five metals of potential int...
'Brain Death' and Organ Retrieval

To the Editor.— We read with great interest the article "'Brain Death' and Organ Retrieval" by Youngner et al. 1 As were the authors, we were reassured by the observation that physicians in decision-making roles were much more informed about the issues associated with the diagnosis of brain death than were other health care professionals. This article, in addition, demonstrates the general lack of understanding of the critical issues involved with brain death. We agree that there is persistent confusion concerning the issue of "death vs brain death." Not only is this confusion prevalent among health care provider "nondecision makers," but it is prevalent as well in the general population. We believe this general lack of understanding is the major source of the frequently unsuccessful bids for organ procurement, not the shortcomings of neurosurgeons and other "decision makers," as suggested by Youngner et al. At our institution we evaluate and