cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Osteopetrosis in the toothless (tl) rat: Presence of osteoclasts but failure to respond to parathyroid extract or to be cured by infusion of spleen or bone marrow cells from normal littermates

Osteoclasts have been observed for the first time in toothless (tl) rats, a mutation which inherits osteopetrosis as an autosomal recessive. The ability of tl rats to raise the serum calcium concentration after injection of parathyroid extract was severely limited when compared with normal littermates. In addition, osteopetrosis in tl rats is not cured by radiation and infusion of normal spleen or bone marrow cells from normal littermates, a method known to cure osteopetrosis in mutants of this and other species. This indirect evidence for a reduction in bone resorption as a cause of osteopetrosis in this mutation and the failure of transplanted cells to cure the disease are discussed in relation to the development and function of osteoclasts.
Moving beyond the trait conceptualization of self-esteem: The prospective effect of impulsiveness, coping, and risky behavior engagement

Abstract Past research has largely focused on examining self-esteem as an independent as opposed to a dependent variable. At the same time, research suggests that during adolescence, self-esteem is subject to yearly, monthly, as well as daily change, and consequently, it is important to identify underlying vulnerability factors and behaviors, which shape self-esteem lability. In the current multi-wave, longitudinal study, 142 adolescents between the ages of 12–18 completed monthly assessments across 4 months. At the initial assessment, adolescents provided self-report data pertaining to impulsiveness, maladaptive coping, risky behavior engagement, and self-esteem. At each of the follow-up assessments, adolescents provided information about risky behavior engagement and self-esteem. Results of time-lagged, idiographic multilevel mediation analyzes indicated that risky behavior engagement mediated the relationship between impulsiveness/maladaptive coping and subsequent low self-esteem. Critically, when included in the same model, impulsiveness was significant above and beyond maladaptive coping. Additionally, the reverse model with self-esteem as the predictor and risky behavior included as the dependent variable was not significant suggesting that our effect was unidirectional. As a whole, these findings suggest that impulsive youth may engage in behaviors, which ultimately precipitate negative self-evaluations and transient declines in self-esteem.
Relationship between Asthma Drug Therapy Patterns and Healthcare Utilization

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Asthma drug therapy problems contribute significantly to preventable hospitalizations and increased healthcare use in asthmatics. Since asthma patients often require >1 medication for control of symptoms, concurrent asthma drug therapies may be important in predicting excessive healthcare utilization. The purpose of this study was to link inappropriate asthma drug therapy patterns and selected patient demographics to healthcare utilization.METHODS:This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of Ohio Medicaid medical, institutional, and prescription claims. We included ambulatory patients aged 15–65 years who had ≥2 claims for asthma (493.x) and who were continuously enrolled in the Medicaid fee-for-service program for the 12-month period from April 1998 through March 1999. We examined age, race, gender, metropolitan residence, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the usage patterns of inhaled corticosteroids, short-acting β2-agonists, long-acting β2-agonist...
Redox regulation in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen: a new frontier in photosynthesis research

Initially linked to photosynthesis, regulation by change in the redox state of thiol groups (S-S←→2SH) is now known to occur throughout biology. Thus, in addition to serving important structural and catalytic functions, it is recognized that, in many cases, disulphide bonds can be broken and reformed for regulation. Several systems, each linking a hydrogen donor to an intermediary disulphide protein, act to effect changes that alter the activity of target proteins by change in the thiol redox state. Pertinent to the present discussion is the chloroplast ferredoxin/thioredoxin system, comprised of photoreduced ferredoxin, a thioredoxin, and the enzyme ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase, that occur in the stroma. In this system, thioredoxin links the activity of enzymes to light: those enzymes functional in biosynthesis are reductively activated by light via thioredoxin (S-S-2SH), whereas counterparts acting in degradation are deactivated under illumination conditions and are oxidatively activated in the dark (2SH-S-S). Recent research has uncovered a new paradigm in which an immunophilin, FKBP13, and potentially other enzymes of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen are oxidatively activated in the light (2SH→S-S). The present review provides a perspective on this recent work.
Development of an analytical method for assessment of silver nanoparticle content in biological matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a broad class of synthetic nanoparticles that are utilized in a wide variety of consumer products as antimicrobial agents. Despite their widespread use, a detailed understanding of their toxicological characteristics and biological and environmental hazards is not available. To support research into the biodistribution and toxicology of AgNPs, it is necessary to develop a suitable method for the assessment of AgNP content in biological samples. Two methods were developed and validated to analyze citrate-coated AgNP content that utilize acid digestion of rodent feces and liver tissue samples, and a third method was developed for the dilution and direct analysis of rodent urine samples. Following sample preparation, the silver content of each sample was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify the silver and AgNP levels present. Analysis of rat feces matrix yielded analytical recoveries ranging from 82 to 93 %. Liver tissue spiked with a formulation of AgNPs over a range of concentrations yielded analytical recoveries between 88 and 90 %, providing acceptable accuracy results. The analysis of silver in urine samples exhibited recovery values ranging from 80 to 85 % for AgNP formulations and 62–84 % for standard silver ion solutions. All determinations exhibited a high degree of analytical precision. The results obtained here suggest that matrix interference plays a minimal role in AgNP recovery in feces and liver tissue, while the urine matrix can exhibit a significant effect on the determination of silver content.
RESPONSE CONTROL WITH TITRATION OF PUNISHMENT1

Pigeons and rats were exposed to multiple schedules with different schedules of electric shock superimposed on identical schedules of food reinforcement during each of two components. During one component, (adjusting-intensity) the intensity of electric shock depended on responding. Each response increased the intensity while intensity decreased between responses. During the other component (constant-intensity) the intensity was fixed at the value at which it had been adjusted at the end of the immediately preceeding adjusting-intensity component. In one experiment, shock was continuous during both components. In another experiment, instead of continuous shock, a brief pulse was delivered immediately after each response. During the adjusting-intensity component of both experiments, pigeons and rats responded at a rate just sufficient to keep the shock constant (critical rate). During the constant-intensity component, responding depended on whether shock was delivered continuously or in pulses. When shock was continuous, response rate during the constant-intensity component was higher than the critical rate. When shock was pulsed, response rate during the constant-intensity component was equal to the critical rate.
The Effect of Sputtered Calcium Phosphate Coatings of Different Crystallinity on Osteoblast Differentiation

Background: Coating titanium implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) has been suggested to increase osseointegration by stimulating early osteoblast function. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which the crystalline content of the HA surface affected osteoblast function in vitro.Methods: Osteoblasts were isolated from fetal rat calvaria. Titanium coupons were sputter coated and analyzed. Mineralized nodule formation on plastic using von Kossa staining was compared to tetracycline and procion dye labeling. Cell proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, morphology and spreading, and cytoskeletal arrangement were analyzed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of mRNA for specific proteins.Results: The percent crystallinity of coatings was 0% (HA1), 1.9% ± 0.4% (HA2), and 66.4% ± 2.8% (HA3). The nodule formation and cell number were greatest on titanium and HA3 compared to HA1 and HA2 (P <0.01). At weeks 2 to 4, all samples sh...
Stand-alone pulsed power generator for HPM generation

Summary form only given. The challenges in developing and designing a 5 GW stand-alone pulsed power generator for driving a > 100 MW high power microwave, HPM, source are discussed. Both, applied physics aspects of operating principles and limits of the individual sub-systems will be addressed. The energy, initially provided through a set of lithium-ion batteries internal to the generator, is boosted by an explosively driven flux compressor, FC, and inductively stored at a several kJ level. While the energy is stored on a microsecond timescale, it is, however, released into the load on a nanosecond timescale via an electro-explosive fuse, EEF, thus delivering GWs of electrical power to the HPM source for a duration of about 100 ns.
Chemistry of dimethyl sulfide in the equatorial Pacific atmosphere

A field study of the chemistry of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was conducted on the island of Kiritimati (Christmas Island) during July and August, 1994. This island is located at 2{degrees}N, 157{degrees}W approximately 2000km south of Hawaii. The authors obtained a very repeatable diurnal variation for both DMS and sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) during two 5-day and one 2-day experiments. Near sunrise DMS was about 200pptv. It decreased to about 120 pptv by late afternoon. During the daytime SO{sub 2} increased from about 20 pptv to about 75 pptv. At night DMS increased and SO{sub 2} decreased almost linearly. About 62% of the DMS was converted to SO{sub 2}. DMS was emitted from the ocean at an average flux of 3.7 x 10{sup 13} molecules in m{sup {minus}2}s{sup {minus}1}. The average dry deposition velocity of SO{sub 2} was 6.8 mm sec{sup {minus}1} Most of the SO{sub 2} appeared to be lost to the ocean although a comparable but not significantly larger flux to aerosol cannot be ruled out. Dimethyl sulfoxide was in the range 10 to 50 pptv with a mean of about 25 pptv. Dimethyl sulfone was in the range 0 to 15 pptv with a mean of about 3more » pptv. There was no diurnal trend in other species. A much smaller fraction of the DMS was converted to dimethyl sulfone than dimethyl sulfoxide. 27 refs., 2 fig., 2 tab.« less
Mutual induction and the effect of host conductivity on the EM induction response of buried plate targets using 3-D finite-element analysis

A finite-element analysis of electromagnetic induction (EMI) in the presence of multiple buried metal targets is undertaken for the purpose of unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection and discrimination. The effects of mutual coupling between metal targets and the host conductivity are shown to be important. At high frequencies, mutual coupling is strong, and effects of host conductivity are relatively minor. At lower frequencies near the resistive limit, EMI responses are very small, but the effect of host conductivity becomes important. This is due to the galvanic current flow in the host medium that dissipates charge accumulations on the host/target interfaces. Qualitative analysis of induced current patterns in metal targets demonstrates that mutual coupling is strongly affected by target orientation and skin depth. Rigorous forward modeling of EMI responses is essential to understanding UXO sensor signatures so that discrimination between live UXO items and harmless fragments and clutter may become possible.
Should we continue to use the term non-small-cell lung cancer?

Until recently the major clinical question was ‘Is it small-cell or non small-cell cancer’. However, advances in conventional and targeted therapy have completely changed the landscape. Identification of the major non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) types (adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma) are important for a number of predictive and prognostic reasons, including pemetrexed treatment, anti-angiogenic therapy and administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Fortunately, advances in pathology of lung cancer have kept abreast, with newer, simplified methods to identify the major NSCLC types in small diagnostic samples, and modifications of the pathological classification of adenocarcinomas reflecting changing clinical and molecular concepts. For the patient to obtain maximum benefit from the recent developments in therapeutics, a multidisciplinary approach is required with co-operation between oncologists, surgeons, radiologists and pathologists.
“Patriarchy is So Third World”: Korean Immigrant Women and “Migrating” White Western Masculinity

Previous studies have found that immigrant women prefer and fight to maintain gains in gender status brought by migration. However, few studies address how hegemonic ideals of white Western masculinity (e.g., as gender progressive, heroic) may also be an influence. In addition, women from U.S.-dominated countries engage masculinity ideologies both before and after they immigrate in a cross-border process. Using a case study of Korean immigrant women, this article addresses both the influence, and the women's transnational engagement, of hegemonic ideologies of white American masculinity. The author conducted 26 in-depth interviews with first generation Korean immigrant women in Los Angeles and 22 supplementary interviews with women in Seoul, South Korea. This study finds that the women used hegemonic notions of white American masculinity to resist Korean patriarchy, especially co-ethnic men's resistance to their gender empowerment in the United States. To be certain, the women's subordination by racial/national inequalities fostered their derision of white American men, such as soldiers, in South Korea. Yet, the women's racialized lens on gender relations tended to affirm their use of one form of hegemony—white American masculinity—to challenge another—Korean patriarchy. In light of these findings, future research on gender and immigrant women of color might consider analyzing racialized hierarchies of masculinity and their global-local and transnational contexts.
Nuclear Genes That Encode Mitochondrial Proteins for DNA and RNA Metabolism Are Clustered in the Arabidopsis Genome

The plant mitochondrial genome is complex in structure, owing to a high degree of recombination activity that subdivides the genome and increases genetic variation. The replication activity of various portions of the mitochondrial genome appears to be nonuniform, providing the plant with an ability to modulate its mitochondrial genotype during development. These and other interesting features of the plant mitochondrial genome suggest that adaptive changes have occurred in DNA maintenance and transmission that will provide insight into unique aspects of plant mitochondrial biology and mitochondrial-chloroplast coevolution. A search in the Arabidopsis genome for genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism revealed a region of chromosome III that is unusually rich in genes for mitochondrial DNA and RNA maintenance. An apparently similar genetic linkage was observed in the rice genome. Several of the genes identified within the chromosome III interval appear to target the plastid or to be targeted dually to the mitochondria and the plastid, suggesting that the process of endosymbiosis likely is accompanied by an intimate coevolution of these two organelles for their genome maintenance functions.
When Natural Experiments Are Neither Natural nor Experiments

looked.Weillustrateourframeworkbyexaminingfourdifferentnaturalexperimentsusedintheliterature. In each case, random assignment of the intervention is not sufficient to provide an unbiased estimate of the causal effect. Additional assumptions are required that are problematic. For some examples, we propose alternative research designs that avoid these conceptual difficulties.
Matched field tracking at laboratory scale

Laboratory scale measurements have been conducted to investigate the concept of matched field tracking in shallow water. Matched field source tracking correlates experimental measurements to theoretical solutions of the acoustic field for possible source tracks. High correlation between the measurements and the theoretical solutions identify the trajectory of the source. Due to the complexity of shallow water propagation caused by rapidly changing bathymetry and sediment properties, it is proposed that simple solutions of the acoustic field be used in the matched field tracking algorithm. The results of two experiments have shown that simple solutions of the acoustic field were capable of identifying the track of an acoustic source in a three-dimensional shallow water environment.
Isolation of active mitochondria from tomato fruit.

An improved method for isolating mitochondria from tomato fruit ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is described. The fruit is chilled, and the tissue of the fruit wall cut by hand into very thin slices with a razor blade while immersed in a buffer containing 0.4 m sucrose, 2 mm MgCl 2 , 8 mm EDTA, 4 mm cysteine, 10 mm KCl, 0.5 mg per ml bovine serum albumin 50 mm tris-HCl, pH 7.6. The pH is monitored and kept within the range of 7.0 to 7.2 by dropwise addition of 1 n KOH during cutting. The tissue is strained through 8 layers of cheesecloth and centrifuged at 2000 × g for 15 minutes. The supernatant is then centrifuged at 11,000 × g for 20 minutes, and the sediment is washed once with a medium containing 0.4 m sucrose, 10 mm KCl, 1 mm MgCl 2 , 10 mm tris-HCl, 10 mm KH 2 PO 4 and bovine serum albumin (0.5 mg per ml), pH 7.2. Electron microscope studies show that this method gives homogeneous, relatively intact mitochondria; they have a higher respiratory control ratio than those reported by other workers. The method was also tested successfully on fruits of cantaloupe and `Honey Dew9 melon.
On the Communication Complexity of Privacy-Preserving Information Sharing Protocols

We address issues related to privacy protection in distributed information sharing systems where multiple autonomous entities share data across their private databases. Most existing solutions place restrictions on adversarial behavior in order to enable communication-efficient privacy-preserving information sharing. These restrictions substantially underestimate the capabilities of adversaries in reality, and do not always suffice for real systems. We consider a threat space containing more powerful adversaries, including not only semi-honest but also malicious ones, and analyze the tradeoff between privacy protection and communication complexity in information sharing. In particular, we use Kolmogorov complexity to derive lower bounds on the communication complexity required to defend against various kinds of adversaries.
Complexity of the Discrete Time-Cost Tradeoff Problem for Project Networks

This note addresses the discrete version of the well-known time-cost tradeoff problem for project networks, which has been studied previously in the standard project management literature as well as in the related literature on Decision-CPM. All the algorithms proposed thus far for the solution of the general problem exhibit exponential worst-case complexity, with the notable exception of the pseudo-polynomial dynamic program due to Hindelang and Muth. We first demonstrate that this algorithm is flawed, and that when we correct it, it no longer remains pseudo-polynomial. Continuing on in the main result of the note, we show that this is not at all surprising, since the problem is strongly NP-hard. Finally, we discuss the complexities of various network structures and validate an old conjecture that certain structures are necessarily more difficult to solve.
Fully Declarative Logic Programming

In this paper we present a theoretical basis for implementation of a fully declarative logic programming language which allows use of quantifiers and negation in the statement bodies. We formulate SLPG — a resolution system extending SLD-resolution, but alternative to SLDNF. SLPG computes over an open universe of terms. It is complete for the full class of positive programs (with statements A ← B where B involves ⊤, ⊥, ∧, ∀, ∀, ∃, =), and also for a class of programs involving negative information in the form of guards (i.e. inequations between terms.) By augmenting SLPG with a mechanism of constructive negation we obtain SLPGCN-resolution which is complete for broader classes of programs involving negation ∣ (without assuming any notion of stratification.)
Parastomal Variceal Bleeding Attributed to Obstructive Pathology Successfully Treated by Percutaneous Variceal Embolization

Parastomal variceal bleeding is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, but it should be considered as a potential etiology in patients with portal hypertension and surgical stomas. Though standard endovascular management has not yet been established, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a recommended treatment option leading to decompression of underlying portal hypertension. We present a case of parastomal bleeding treated with percutaneous parastomal variceal embolization, which is an emerging alternative therapy when TIPS cannot be performed.
Opportunities in Reform: Bioethics and Mental Health Ethics

Last year marks the first year of implementation for both the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act in the United States. As a result, healthcare reform is moving in the direction of integrating care for physical and mental illness, nudging clinicians to consider medical and psychiatric comorbidity as the expectation rather than the exception. Understanding the intersections of physical and mental illness with autonomy and self-determination in a system realigning its values so fundamentally therefore becomes a top priority for clinicians. Yet Bioethics has missed opportunities to help guide clinicians through one of medicine's most ethically rich and challenging fields. Bioethics' distancing from mental illness is perhaps best explained by two overarching themes: 1) An intrinsic opposition between approaches to personhood rooted in Bioethics' early efforts to protect the competent individual from abuses in the research setting; and 2) Structural forces, such as deinstitutionalization, the Patient Rights Movement, and managed care. These two themes help explain Bioethics' relationship to mental health ethics and may also guide opportunities for rapprochement. The potential role for Bioethics may have the greatest implications for international human rights if bioethicists can re-energize an understanding of autonomy as not only free from abusive intrusions but also with rights to treatment and other fundamental necessities for restoring freedom of choice and self-determination. Bioethics thus has a great opportunity amid healthcare reform to strengthen the important role of the virtuous and humanistic care provider.
Domestic and regional satellite systems

The technical characteristics of domestic and regional satellite systems are discussed. Spacecraft technology is reviewed, communication payload technology developments are discussed, and resources and economics are considered. It is seen that, compared to the installation of terrestrial microwave or optical cable networks in remote and harsh areas, satellite systems offer both lower costs and shorter time to bring on line. Proven technology and mature hardware is available for regions where orbit/spectrum space is still plentiful. As in North America, the sequence of growth is likely to be C-band and then K-band. Corresponding earth station advances in efficient modulation techniques and time-division multiple access will increase the capacity per transponder channel, while frequency and spatial reuse will provide more channels per satellite. >
When Experience Does Not Matter: On the Non-Impact of Real-Time Hedonic Experiences

This research explores the relationship between people's memories for individual hedonic consumption experiences and global evaluations of categories of experiences. We document how memory for one's hedonic appraisal of an individual experience is often weaker than memories for other aspects of the experience, and how the hedonic evaluation of the experience tends to drift towards category perceptions. We find little updating of hedonic category evaluations based on discrepant individual experiences, which suggests category perceptions, good and bad, frequently withstand change, even in the face of conflicting individual experiences. However, we also find that the updating of category evaluations can be aided significantly by the occurrence of real-time evaluations of individual experiences.
ALIX Rescues Budding of a Double PTAP/PPEY L-Domain Deletion Mutant of Ebola VP40: A Role for ALIX in Ebola Virus Egress

Ebola (EBOV) is an enveloped, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the family Filoviridae that causes hemorrhagic fever syndromes with high-mortality rates. To date, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics to control EBOV infection and prevent transmission. Consequently, the need to better understand the mechanisms that regulate virus transmission is critical to developing countermeasures. The EBOV VP40 matrix protein plays a central role in late stages of virion assembly and egress, and independent expression of VP40 leads to the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) by a mechanism that accurately mimics budding of live virus. VP40 late (L) budding domains mediate efficient virus-cell separation by recruiting host ESCRT and ESCRT-associated proteins to complete the membrane fission process. L-domains consist of core consensus amino acid motifs including PPxY, P(T/S)AP, and YPx(n)L/I, and EBOV VP40 contains overlapping PPxY and PTAP motifs whose interactions with Nedd4 and Tsg101, respectively, have been characterized extensively. Here, we present data demonstrating for the first time that EBOV VP40 possesses a third L-domain YPx(n)L/I consensus motif that interacts with the ESCRT-III protein Alix. We show that the YPx(n)L/I motif mapping to amino acids 18-26 of EBOV VP40 interacts with the Alix Bro1-V fragment, and that siRNA knockdown of endogenous Alix expression inhibits EBOV VP40 VLP egress. Furthermore, overexpression of Alix Bro1-V rescues VLP production of the budding deficient EBOV VP40 double PTAP/PPEY L-domain deletion mutant to wild-type levels. Together, these findings demonstrate that EBOV VP40 recruits host Alix via a YPx(n)L/I motif that can function as an alternative L-domain to promote virus egress.
Simulation-Based Fragility Relationships for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures represent a significant portion of the residential building stock of the central and eastern United States. Fifteen percent of homes in the eight-state region impacted by the New Madrid Seismic Zone are URM buildings. The brittle nature of URM buildings further supports a thorough consideration of seismic response given the susceptibility to severe failure modes. Cur- rently, there is a pressing need for analytically based fragility curves for URM buildings. To improve the estimation of damage-state probabil- ities through the development of simulation-based URM fragilities, an extensive literature survey is conducted on pushover analysis. Using these data, capacity curves are generated, from which damage performance limit states are defined. Demand is simulated using synthetically derivedaccelerogramsrepresentativeofthecentralandeasternUnitedStates.Structuralresponseisevaluatedusinganadvancedcapacityspec- trum method. Capacity, demand, and response are thus derived analytically and utilized to generate a more reliable and uniform set of fragility curves for use in loss-assessment software. This paper presents a framework amenable to rapid, flexible updating that, with the appropriate database of studies, is capable of producing curves representative of any URM building typology subjected to a specified hazard. The curves are expressed in multiple forms to demonstrate capability of use in various loss-assessment applications. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943- 541X.0000648. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Masonry; Seismic effects; Residential buildings. Author keywords: Masonry; Fragility relationships; Seismic vulnerability; Loss assessment; Capacity spectrum method; HAZUS.
The Rapid Intensification and Subsequent Rapid Weakening of Hurricane Lili as Compared with Historical Hurricanes

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to compare the rapid intensification and rapid decay of Hurricane Lili with historical records to determine whether similar events have occurred in the past. Data for this study were compiled from the historical hurricane database that consists of all Atlantic basin tropical storms and hurricanes recorded from 1851 to 2001. Maximum 1-min sustained winds at 10 m were used. This study concludes that the rapid intensification/rapid decay processes that occurred as Hurricane Lili moved north across the Gulf of Mexico have been recorded only 11 other times since 1851. The intensification rate of 35 kt (1 kt = 0.5144 m s−1) in 24 h for Hurricane Lili ranked in the 11th percentile when compared with the 769 hurricanes in the historical database. In fact, 35.8% of all hurricanes that achieved an intensity of at least 100 kt intensified at a rate similar to Lili. The decay rate of 40 kt within 24 h after completion of rapid intensification ranks in the 1st percentile. This stu...
Understanding Pre-Eclampsia Using Alzheimer's Etiology: An Intriguing Viewpoint

Characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation, pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite being recognized for centuries, PE still lacks a reliable, early means of diagnosis or prediction, and a safe and effective therapy. We have recently reported that the event of toxic protein misfolding and aggregation is a critical etiological manifestation in PE. Using comparative proteomic analysis of gestational age-matched sera from PE and normal pregnancy, we identified several proteins that appeared to be dysregulated in PE. Our efforts so far have focused on transthyretin (TTR), a transporter of thyroxine and retinol, and amyloid precursor protein whose aggregates were detected in the PE placenta. Based on these results and detection of TTR aggregates in sera from PE patients, we proposed that PE could be a disease of protein misfolding and aggregation. Protein misfolding and aggregation have long been linked with many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, linkage of protein misfolding and aggregation with the PE pathogenesis is a new and novel concept. This review aims to understand the roles of aggregated proteins in PE using the cues from the Alzheimer's etiology.
Self-Concealment: Implications for Stress and Empathy in Oncology Care

Oncology staff and patients, like all people faced with stressful situations, are confronted with the dilemma of whether to conceal or reveal the distress they are experiencing. For both staff and patients, self-concealment as a coping response increases stress and simultaneously diminishes the likelihood of helpful, empathic responses from others. This article explores these and other interactions between distress, empathy, and self-concealment in oncology work. The author concludes that oncology staff must find safe contexts and confidants for sharing their inevitable fears, self-doubts, and uncomfortable feelings and must help patients resolve the distress- disclosure dilemma that attends the cancer experience.
Stability of viscous fingering.

Flows in a two-dimensional Hele-Shaw cell are studied analytically and numerically by conformal-mapping methods. In the presence of surface tension the fingers are linearly stable. However, the structure of the linear stability problem is exponentially sensitive to noise, which implies the existence of a finite-amplitude nonlinear instability appearing at low surface tensions. Numerical simulations demonstrate the existence of this instability. The most unstable modes are predicted and compared with real and numerical experiments.
The creation of guidelines on event production strategies for implementation in performing arts venues

OF THE THESIS THE CREATION OF GUIDELINES ON EVENT PRODUCTION STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN PERFORMING ARTS VENUES by Marie-Regine G. Considine Florida International University, 2007 Miami, Florida Professor Karen Fuller, Major Professor The purpose of the research was to find the best arts management techniques for the production of live events to be developed into guidelines to assist performing arts organizations in the creation of their own production strategies. Methodologies included consulting with theatre professionals and attending management seminars and conferences related to the field of live production. A literature review of arts management guides and books was conducted to provide the background needed to develop the strategies. Based on the findings, guidelines were developed to assist performing arts managers in conducting a thorough analysis of their organization, deciding on the scope of a strategy, as well as implementing, evaluating and revising the strategy. The study concluded that performing arts organizations would greatly benefit from the development and implementation of a production strategy that will improve employee performance, client satisfaction, conserve resources, and streamline live events. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE
Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies targets and pathways of a 2-aminobenzamide HDAC inhibitor in Friedreich's ataxia patient iPSC-derived neural stem cells

Members of the 2-aminobenzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise as therapeutics for the neurodegenerative diseases Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) and Huntington’s disease (HD). While it is clear that HDAC3 is one of the important targets of the 2-aminobenzamide HDAC inhibitors, inhibition of other class I HDACs (HDACs 1 and 2) may also be involved in the beneficial effects of these compounds in FRDA and HD, and other HDAC interacting proteins may be impacted by the compound. To this end, we synthesized activity-based profiling probe (ABPP) versions of one of our HDAC inhibitors (compound 106), and in the present study we used a quantitative proteomic method coupled with multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) to identify the proteins captured by the ABPP 106 probe. Nuclear proteins were extracted from FRDA patient iPSC-derived neural stem cells, and then were reacted with control and ABPP 106 probe. After reaction, the bound proteins were digested on the beads, ...
Incompatible Bone-Marrow Transplantation in Lymphopenic Immunologic Deficiency

Abstract Immunologic enhancement was employed to circumvent fatal acute graft-versus-host disease after incompatible bone-marrow transplants given an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency. Maternal plasma contained lymphocytotoxic antibodies to paternal and patient lymphocytes and blocked mixed leukocyte responsiveness of maternal cells against mitomycin-C-treated paternal or patient cells. The infant was treated with maternal plasma before and after infusions of 5 X 106 per kilogram of maternal bone-marrow cells on two occasions. After each cell infusion dramatic weight gain and resolution of infections occurred. Improved immunologic capacity was manifested by development of delayed cutaneous responsiveness to candida antigen from the 13th day after transplant and later rises in serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations; immunologic capacity was not increased by implantation of a fetal thymus nine months later. This infant's survival for 14 months after transplant, the longest known among patients wi...
Developments in aquatic microbiology

Major discoveries in marine microbiology over the past 4-5 decades have resulted in the recognition of bacteria as a major biomass component of marine food webs. Such discoveries include chemosynthetic activities in deep-ocean ecosystems, survival processes in oligotrophic waters, and the role of microorganisms in food webs coupled with symbiotic relationships and energy flow. Many discoveries can be attributed to innovative methodologies, including radioisotopes, immunofluorescent-epifluorescent analysis, and flow cytometry. The latter has shown the key role of marine viruses in marine system energetics. Studies of the components of the “microbial loop” have shown the significance of various phagotrophic processes involved in grazing by microinvertebrates. Microbial activities and dissolved organic carbon are closely coupled with the dynamics of fluctuating water masses. New biotechnological approaches and the use of molecular biology techniques still provide new and relevant information on the role of microorganisms in oceanic and estuarine environments. International interdisciplinary studies have explored ecological aspects of marine microorganisms and their significance in biocomplexity. Studies on the origins of both life and ecosystems now focus on microbiological processes in the marine environment. This paper describes earlier and recent discoveries in marine (aquatic) microbiology and the trends for future work, emphasizing improvements in methodology as major catalysts for the progress of this broadly-based field.
An Exploration and Thinking about the Cooperation in Running Higher Education of University Teaching Community in Beijing Xueyuan Road

The Teaching Community, as an advanced educational management pattern, has been spread in a large scale. The Teaching Community of Beijing Xueyuan Road can use the resources efficiently, make full use of the professional advantages, enhance the chance of cooperation and communication, learn from other's strong points to offset our weakness, provide better services to college students in Beijing Xueyuan Road, and improve the quality of education. The successful experience coming from the exploring process of the Teaching Community in Beijing Xueyuan Road is instructive for promoting the educational system reform and developing the new pattern of cooperation in running Higher Education.
Encoding the paranoid style in American politics: “anti-establishment” discourse and power in contemporary spin

ABSTRACTThe term “anti-establishment” has witnessed a revealing rise in recent American political discourse. Combining textual analysis of news coverage and speeches with in-depth interviews with dozens of consultants involved in the encoding of mediated political communication, this research analyzes and critiques its deployment and significance in Republican campaign messaging. Mapping the contours of this rhetorical strategy, a typology of four dimensions of tension emerges: insurrection versus order; populism versus insider power; real America versus elitism; and purity versus compromise. As an exercise in critical political communication, the argument concludes that “anti-establishment” rhetoric seeks to stoke and co-opt resentment while effacing powerful, privileged economic interests.
Delivering Remedies: The Role of the States in Antitrust Enforcement

The question of the proper role of the states in antitrust enforcement has received renewed attention following criticism of state antitrust enforcement by Judge Richard Posner. This article offers a response to the Posner critique and advances a positive case for state antitrust enforcement. The article reviews the current legal bases for state antitrust jurisdiction, both under federal and state antitrust law, and the current record of state antitrust enforcement, using New York state antitrust enforcement as an example of the scope and effects of state antitrust enforcement. Data are presented for enforcement during the two-year period, 1999 to 2001, showing the types of cases brought and the extent of recoveries (multistate recoveries of nearly $500 million, of which nearly $35 million was recovered on behalf of consumers in New York State). Posner argues that states can only free ride on federal enforcement efforts; that states are too subject to interest-group influence; and that state lawyers are not competent. The article responds: much enforcement is done by the states themselves; cooperative state-federal enforcement augments antitrust enforcement resources; interest-group influence has not occurred; and the enforcement results shown in the data demonstrate that the states are quite competent. The article concludes by reviewing three areas in which a positive case for state enforcement can be made: participating in cases where a knowledge of local conditions provides state enforcers with a comparative advantage over federal enforcers; the addition of a potentially different policy perspective in federal-state efforts; and the exercise of the parens patriae power to obtain monetary recoveries on behalf of a state's consumers, an area that historically has been the focus of the states' efforts and neglected by federal enforcers.
Comment on Koivusalo et al. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Can Be Prevented by Lifestyle Intervention: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2016;39:24–30

I read with great interest the recent article in Diabetes Care by Koivusalo et al. (1). In a randomized controlled trial, namely the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL), Koivusalo et al. report that lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by 39% in pregnant women with a history of GDM and/or prepregnancy obesity (1). The authors highlighted that this significant reduction in GDM incidence was achieved through a moderate lifestyle intervention including only three visits to the study nurse and one group visit to the dietitian during pregnancy, which was much less intensive than previous trials for the prevention of type 2 diabetes among individuals with impaired glucose …
Introducing Philosophy of Mathematics: Mathematical Platonism and realism

Introduction Together with Chapter 1, this is a lynchpin chapter in this book. Most positions in the philosophy of mathematics can be cast as reactions to Platonism. Some of them, such as logicism or some forms of structuralism, are modifications of Platonism; some, such as constructivism, are very strong reactions to it. It is important to study this chapter well, and have a solid grasp of realism by the end of it. Section 2 will discuss Plato, since he is the originator of the realist position in the philosophy of mathematics. In §3 we then turn to realism more generally, as the modern incarnation of Platonism. We shall then look at two important modern defenders of realism: Kurt Godel (§4) and Penelope Maddy (§5). We then discuss some very important problems with the views defended by both Godel and Maddy, in different ways and to different degrees. Section 6 on the problems with set-theoretic realism motivates the rest of the book. Historical origins Unsurprisingly, mathematical Platonism originated with Plato ( c . 427– c . 347 bce ). Plato was interested in what mathematical truth consists in. He was exposed to geometry and arithmetic, so he was interested in what secures geometrical and arithmetical truths. Plato observed that we grasp geometrical theorems in a way that is quite different from the way in which we grasp empirical truths, which are truths we arrive at using our senses. To learn mathematics we need neither have much sense experience nor be taught particular formulas, in the sense of memorizing them. It is enough for us to learn a few general principles, and we can piece together what we need to solve particular problems. In other words we seem to be able to reason a priori about geometry and arithmetic.
Network Dependability, Fault-tolerance, Reliability, Security, Survivability: A Framework for Comparative Analysis

A number of qualitative and quantitative terms are used to describe the performance of what has come to be known as information systems, networks or infrastructures. However, some of these terms either have overlapping meanings or contain ambiguities in their definitions presenting problems to those who attempt a rigorous evaluation of the performance of such systems. The phenomenon arises because the wide range of disciplines covered by the term information technology have developed their own distinct terminologies. This paper presents a systematic approach for determining common and complementary characteristics of five widely-used concepts, dependability, fault-tolerance, reliability, security, and survivability. The approach consists of comparing definitions, attributes, and evaluation measures for each of the five concepts and developing corresponding relations. Removing redundancies and clarifying ambiguities will help the mapping of broad user-specified requirements into objective performance parameters for analyzing and designing information infrastructures.
The rise & fall of #NoBackDoor on Twitter: the Apple vs. FBI case

In addition to using social media to connect with others worldwide, many people nowadays get their news about different national or international events such as natural disasters, crises, political elections, conflicts etc. via social media. This evolution in the usage of social media has not only led to the generation of massive amounts of data but also various information consumption behaviors. In this study, we developed a framework that can be used to monitor/understand, analyze, and visualize in real time how people consume information and react to events. Following the case study of Apple, Inc. vs. FBI, we tracked the usage of the #NoBackDoor on Twitter in real time and were able to understand what people are thinking about the case and who are the actors involved in this network. The framework can be applied to study other events and provide a deeper understanding of how public sentiments evolve during an event, whether it is a crisis or major news event.
Tate Homology Beyond Gorenstein Rings

Tate homology, originally defined for modules over group algebras, has a straightforward generalization to Iwanaga–Gorenstein rings, and a far-reaching generalization to associative rings. We report on progress in understanding the latter.