cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
METABOLIC PROFILES OF HOUSEHOLD PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES GROUPS

v LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x CHAPTER ONE 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO 20 INTRODUCTION 21 CHAPTER TWO MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 RESULTS 28 DISCUSSION 33 CHAPTER THREE 47 METABOLIC PROFILING OF PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES GROUPS ISOLATED FROM A SINGLE HUMAN HOME 47 INTRODUCTION 48 CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS 49 RESULTS 54 DISCUSSION 58 CHAPTER FOUR 70
Computational prediction of electronic excited-state structures and properties of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN)

This manuscript reports results of density functional theory (DFT) investigation on ground-state and electronic excited-state structures of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) in the bulk water solution. The cam-B3LYP functional along with 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used, and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method was used for excited-state calculations. The effect of bulk water was modeled using the CPCM approach. Nature of potential energy surfaces (PESs) was ascertained through the harmonic vibrational frequency analysis; all optimized geometries were found to be minima at the respective PESs. It was predicted that singlet excited-state geometries are significantly changed compared to the ground state. Further, it was also revealed that irrespective of nature of the electronic singlet excited states, the length of C7O1 bond is increased compared to the ground state. Further, electronic structures and properties consequent to electronic excitations are also discussed.
An examination of the validity and reliability of a measure of sexual orientation identity exploration, resolution, and affirmation

The processes of identity exploration and resolution are salient during adolescence and young adulthood, and awareness of sexual orientation identity, in particular, is heightened in early adolescence. Much of the research on sexual orientation identity development has focused on identity milestones (e.g., age of awareness and disclosure) or internalized homonegativity, rather than the developmental processes of exploration and resolution. Psychometric properties of the Sexual Orientation Identity Development Scale, which was adapted from a developmentally-informed measure of ethnic-racial identity, were evaluated in a sample of 382 Latina/o sexual minority adolescents and young adults. Results supported the reliability and validity of the adapted measure, as well as measurement equivalence across language (Spanish and English) and development (adolescence and young adulthood).
GEOPHYSICAL VARIABLES AND BEHAVIOR: XXXVII. LUNAR PHASE, "NO;" WEEKEND, "YES;" MONTH, "SOMETIMES"

Police department calls over a 2-yr. period in a small Northeast city were examined. No “lunar” effect was found for the 12 offenses. Seven offenses occurred more frequently on weekends, and five offenses occurred more frequently during summer months.
CORRELATION OF PAIRWISE GENETIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE MEASURES: INFERRING THE RELATIVE INFLUENCES OF GENE FLOW AND DRIFT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY

Attempts to relate estimates of regional FST to gene flow and drift via Wright's (1931) equation FST ≈ 1/ (4Nm + 1) are often inappropriate because most natural sets of populations probably are not at equilibrium (McCauley 1993), as assumed by the island model upon which the equation is based, or ineffective because the influences of gene flow and drift are confounded in the product Nm. Evaluations of the association between genetic (FST ) and geographic distances separating all pairwise populations combinations in a region allows one to test for regional equilibrium, to evaluate the relative influences of gene flow and drift on population structure both within and between regions, and to visualize the behavior of the association across all degrees of geographic separation. Tests of the model using microsatellite data from 51 populations of eastern collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris collaris) collected from four distinct geographical regions gave results highly consistent with predicted patterns of association based on regional differences in various historical and ecological factors that affect the amount of drift and gene flow. The model provides a prerequisite for and an alternative to regional FST analyses, which often simply assume regional equilibrium, thus potentially leading to erroneous and misleading inferences regarding regional population structure.
MODEL STUDIES OF IMPULSIVELY-GENERATED WATER WAVES

The wave action due to a sudden impulse in a body of water was studied in a wave basin with beach in the laboratory. Waves were impulsively generated in the 90 ft. tank of water, 3 ft. deep, by the impact or sudden withdrawal of a paraboloidal plunger 14 ft. in diameter. The waves had a dominant height of 2 inches and period of 3 seconds, respectively, at a distance of 50 ft. from the plunger. Such waves are scale representations of those generated by sudden impulses in the ocean, such as an underwater nuclear explosion, a sudden change in the ocean bed due to earthquakes, or the impact of a land slide. The waves produced by a downward impulse, or by an underwater explosion, form a dispersive system: whose properties are not constant as in a uniform progressive wave train. Wave periodicities, celerities and wave lengths increase with time of travel and wave heights decrease with travel distance. Theory has already been developed to predict the wave properties at a given travel time and distance for given source energy, displacement and travel path depth profile (Jordaan 1965). Measurements agree fairly well with predictions.
Quickest detection of Gauss-Markov random fields

The problem of quickest data-adaptive and sequential search for clusters in a Gauss-Markov random field is considered. In the existing literature, such search for clusters is often performed using fixed sample size and non-adaptive strategies. In order to accommodate large networks, in which data adaptivity leads to significant gains in detection quality and agility, in this paper sequential and data-adaptive detection strategies are proposed and are shown to enjoy asymptotic optimality. The quickest detection problem is abstracted by adopting an acyclic dependency graph to model the mutual effects of different random variables in the field and decision making rules are derived for general random fields and specialized for Gauss-Markov random fields. Performance evaluations demonstrate the gains of the data-adaptive schemes over existing techniques in terms of sampling complexity and error exponents.
Analysis on Epidemic status of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Dalian City in 2008

[Objective]To understand the distribution and prevalence of infectious diseases in Dalian City, and provide scientific basis for developing preventive measures of infectious diseases.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiological method was employed to statistically analyze the epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases in Dalian city in 2008.[Results]Totally 20765 cases of 19 kinds of category B and C infectious disease were reported with the incidence of 344.76/100 000, showing an increasing trend in 2008; The major constituent of infectious diseases was intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory diseases. The first 5 reported infectious diseases were hand-foot-mouth disease, tuberculosis, other infectious diarrheal diseases, diarrhea and rubella.[Conclusion]Prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory diseases is the emphasis and difficulty in the coming period of time. And it is necessary to enforce the surveillance of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens so as to prevent and control the outbreak of infectious diseases.
Effects of the Patchy Environmental Factors on the Behavior Exhibitions of Wildness Training Giant Panda in Habitat Patch

The behavior exhibitions of the wildness training giant panda "Xiangxiang" and the relationship of the behavior types with the habitat patchy environmental factors were studied from July 2003 to September 2004 in Wolong Nature Reserve.The behavior exhibitions and the habitat patch sites with the focal-animal sampling were determined,and habitat patchy environmental factors were investigated by the plot sampling methods.The behavioral types of the wildness panda were given priority to the foraging behavior,and the percentage was 63.14%.The second was moving and resting behavior and the percentage was 15.85% and 8.91%,respectively.The swarming was the last and 0.23%.The distribution pattern of each behavior type was the similar in different months,and it was not significant difference(P=1.0).The effects of food distribution on the behavior exhibition were analyzed,the foraging,the eating bread and weight,and rest and drinking water behavior in the bamboo zones and other zones were significant differences(P0.05),but other behavior types were not different(P0.05).In the relationship of the behavioral exhibitions and environmental factors,the relationship of the patch behavioral exhibition to the one or two environmental factors of the habitat patches was more significant(P0.05),but no significant to the other factors(P0.05).So the reasons of the pattern between the patchy environmental factors and the behavioral exhibitions were discussed,and some recommendations to the wildness training giant pandas in future were proposed.
Application of total-variation penalized maximum likelihood image reconstruction for dynamic small animal stationary SPECT studies

269 Objectives To apply a total-variation (TV) penalized maximum likelihood (ML) image reconstruction method to dynamic small animal (SA) stationary SPECT and evaluate the improvement in pixel-wise time-activity-curve (TAC) estimation compared to conventional ML method. Methods We implemented an ML+ βTV image reconstruction method whose objective function consisted of the negative Poisson log-likelihood and a β-weighted TV penalty. Our implementation used the Douglas-Rachford splitting method to deal with the non-smooth TV term. We evaluated the ML+ βTV method for dynamic SA stationary SPECT using analytic simulation and the 3D MOBY phantom. The SPECT system geometry modeled a 2nd generation SPECT insert for simultaneous SA SPECT-MR imaging. The analytic simulator included effects of the spatially variant pinhole response and Poisson noise. We simulated a 20-min dynamic mouse renal SPECT scan with 99mTc-DTPA; projection data were collected into 59 equal time frames at 20 sec intervals. The simulated TACs of the mouse’s left and right kidneys were obtained from our previous animal experiment. We reconstructed the 3D volume at individual time frames using the ML+ βTV method and the conventional ML-EM. Pixel-wise time activity curves of the left and the right kidneys were computed. To ensure a fair comparison, the β value in the ML+ βTV method was chosen by minimizing the total squared-error in the regions-of-interest (left/right kidneys). In the ML-EM method, the iteration numbers for the different frames in the TAC computation were determined similarly. Results The pixel-wise TAC obtained by the ML-EM method exhibited large fluctuation around the truth; this large fluctuation was significantly diminished by using ML+ βTV. Conclusions We demonstrated significant improvement in pixel-wise TAC estimation by using ML+ βTV method which encourages piece-wise constant image reconstruction. An implied benefit which will be pursued is improvement in subsequent quantitative analysis by combining with kidney kinetic models. Research Support NIH R01 EB873
Advancing palliative and end-of-life science in cardiorespiratory populations: The contributions of nursing science

Nursing science has a critical role to inform practice, promote health, and improve the lives of individuals across the lifespan who face the challenges of advanced cardiorespiratory disease. Since 1997, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) has focused attention on the importance of palliative and end-of-life care for advanced heart failure and advanced pulmonary disease through the publication of multiple funding opportunity announcements and by supporting a cadre of nurse scientists that will continue to address new priorities and future directions for advancing palliative and end-of-life science in cardiorespiratory populations.
Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Background Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by effortless and repetitive regurgitation of recently ingested food from the stomach to the oral cavity followed by either re-swallowing or spitting. Rumination is thought to occur due to a reversal of the esophagogastric pressure gradient. This is achieved by a coordinated abdominothoracic maneuver consisting of a thoracic suction, crural diaphragm relaxation and an increase in intragastric pressure. Careful history is important in the diagnosis of rumination syndrome; patients often report “vomiting” or “reflux” and the diagnosis can therefore be missed. Objective testing is available with high resolution manometry or gastroduodenal manometry. Increase in intra-gastric pressure followed by regurgitation is the most important characteristic to distinguish rumination from other disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux. The mainstay of the treatment of rumination syndrome is behavioral therapy via diaphragmatic breathing in addition to patient education and reassurance. Purpose The purpose of this review was to critically appraise recent key developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy for rumination syndrome. A literature search using OVID (Wolters Kluwer Health, New York, NY, USA) to examine the MEDLINE database its inception until May 2016 was performed using the search terms “rumination syndrome,” “biofeedback therapy,” and “regurgitation.” References lists and personal libraries of the authors were used to identify supplemental information. Articles published in English were reviewed in full text. English abstracts were reviewed for all other languages. Priority was given to evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials when possible.
When Purchase Intent Is Not the Endgame: A Sequential Process to Understand Brand Tribalism, Brand Love, and Motivational Needs—An Abstract

Across sundry sectors, consumers demonstrate proclivity to become part of brand tribes, which are exemplified by shared beliefs, brand admiration, unique rituals, and responsibility to fellow members and the community (Muniz and O’Guinn 2001). The understanding of consumers’ behaviors in brand communities and tribes is a valuable domain of investigation for marketing researchers (e.g., Gruner et al. 2014). The importance of smartphones in society is also well understood. As Android and iPhone users make up diverse social networks with a common ardor for their espoused brands, they are aptly classified as tribes (Taute and Sierra 2014).
Pressor support during a Jarisch Herxheimer reaction after initiation of treatment for Weil's disease.

Abstract We present a case of Weil's disease complicated by a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) after initiation of antibiotics while in the emergency department requiring invasive monitoring and vasopressor support. The case is followed by a brief review of the JHR which is rarely observed with treatment of leptospirosis. A healthy 28-year-old female who recently returned from the Caribbean presented to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms. The patient appeared jaundiced with conjunctival suffusion and was ultimately treated with the appropriate antibiotics for leptospirosis in the ED. She decompensated subsequently, requiring supplemental oxygen, central and arterial line placement, and vasopressor support with norepinephrine. Although rarely encountered and not well reported throughout the literature, initiation of antibiotics can cause a JHR reaction given that Leptospira interrogans is a spirochete. This JHR may be self-limited and of short duration, or it can be prolonged and severe, requiring invasive therapies such as central line placement for vasopressor support and intubation. It is suggested that patients started on antibiotics for leptospirosis/Weil's disease should be monitored in the emergency department for a short duration prior to discharge or transfer to a regular medical floor for observation given the possibility for decompensation.
Is There a CME Rate Floor? CME and Magnetic Flux Values for the Last Four Solar Cycle Minima

The recent prolonged activity minimum has led to the question of whether there is a base level of the solar magnetic field evolution that yields a ''floor'' in activity levels and also in the solar wind magnetic field strength. Recently, a flux transport model coupled with magneto-frictional simulations has been used to simulate the continuous magnetic field evolution in the global solar corona for over 15 years, from 1996 to 2012. Flux rope eruptions in the simulations are estimated (Yeates), and the results are in remarkable agreement with the shape of the SOlar Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment coronal mass ejection (CME) rate distribution. The eruption rates at the two recent minima approximate the observed-corrected CME rates, supporting the idea of a base level of solar magnetic activity. In this paper, we address this issue by comparing annual averages of the CME occurrence rates during the last four solar cycle minima with several tracers of the global solar magnetic field. We conclude that CME activity never ceases during a cycle, but maintains a base level of 1 CME every 1.5 to approx. 3 days during minima. We discuss the sources of these CMEs.
Preparation, Modification, Characterization, and Biosensing Application of Nanoporous Gold Using Electrochemical Techniques

Nanoporous gold (np-Au), because of its high surface area-to-volume ratio, excellent conductivity, chemical inertness, physical stability, biocompatibility, easily tunable pores, and plasmonic properties, has attracted much interested in the field of nanotechnology. It has promising applications in the fields of catalysis, bio/chemical sensing, drug delivery, biomolecules separation and purification, fuel cell development, surface-chemistry-driven actuation, and supercapacitor design. Many chemical and electrochemical procedures are known for the preparation of np-Au. Recently, researchers are focusing on easier and controlled ways to tune the pores and ligaments size of np-Au for its use in different applications. Electrochemical methods have good control over fine-tuning pore and ligament sizes. The np-Au electrodes that are prepared using electrochemical techniques are robust and are easier to handle for their use in electrochemical biosensing. Here, we review different electrochemical strategies for the preparation, post-modification, and characterization of np-Au along with the synergistic use of both electrochemistry and np-Au for applications in biosensing.
A Little Can Go a Long Way: The Impact of Advertising Services on Program Take-Up:

The success of policy interventions is frequently stymied by the inability to induce take-up in target populations. In this article, I show that local advertising in combination with small financia...
Anisotropic frictional heating and defect generation in cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine molecular crystals

Anisotropic frictional response and corresponding heating in cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine molecular crystals are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The nature of damage and temperature rise due to frictional forces is monitored along different sliding directions on the primary slip plane, (010), and on non-slip planes, (100) and (001). Correlations between the friction coefficient, deformation, and frictional heating are established. We find that the friction coefficients on slip planes are smaller than those on non-slip planes. In response to sliding on a slip plane, the crystal deforms easily via dislocation generation and shows less heating. On non-slip planes, due to the inability of the crystal to deform via dislocation generation, a large damage zone is formed just below the contact area, accompanied by the change in the molecular ring conformation from chair to boat/half-boat. This in turn leads to a large temperature rise below the contact area.Anisotropic frictional response and corresponding heating in cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine molecular crystals are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The nature of damage and temperature rise due to frictional forces is monitored along different sliding directions on the primary slip plane, (010), and on non-slip planes, (100) and (001). Correlations between the friction coefficient, deformation, and frictional heating are established. We find that the friction coefficients on slip planes are smaller than those on non-slip planes. In response to sliding on a slip plane, the crystal deforms easily via dislocation generation and shows less heating. On non-slip planes, due to the inability of the crystal to deform via dislocation generation, a large damage zone is formed just below the contact area, accompanied by the change in the molecular ring conformation from chair to boat/half-boat. This in turn leads to a large temperature rise below the contact area.
A preliminary evaluation of the associations among functional performance tasks and quality of life in obese and healthy weight youth.

ABSTRACTThe associations among lower extremity functional performance and quality of life in obese youth are unknown. The aims of this study were to compare lower extremity strength, lower extremity functional performance, and health related quality of life between obese and healthy-weight youth and evaluate the relationships between lower extremity performance and health related quality of life in obese youth. Twenty obese and 20 age and sex matched healthy-weight youth were recruited. Peak torque of the major lower extremity muscles were measured. Functional performance was measured with single leg hop and single leg balance tests. The Paediatric Quality of Life questionnaire's physical and psychosocial health subscales were used. Paired t-tests and multiple regression analyses were performed. Obese youth demonstrated decreased peak torque in all muscles measured (P < 0.05), poorer functional performance (P < 0.05), and worse physical health related quality of life (P < 0.05) compared to healthy-weight ...
Abstract 16173: Changes in Extracellular Circulating MicroRNAs Are Associated With a Weight Loss Intervention in Filipinos

Introduction: A moderate amount of weight loss through lifestyle modification is an effective treatment for prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) for some individuals, however others remain at risk. Filipinos have one of the highest prevalence of T2D. MicroRNAs (miRs) are circulating biomarkers associated with risk factors for T2D and may also be linked to lifestyle modification responses. Hypothesis: Expression of circulating miRs will change in response to a 3-month tailored weight loss intervention. Methods: Eight Filipino participants (38 ± 6 years, 50% men) who completed a tailored weight loss intervention were analyzed. Blood was collected at enrollment and after 3-months of the intervention. The Firefly Bioworks Multiplex Circulating MicroRNA Assay was used to quantify 337 miRs. Fold changes and student’s t-test were calculated. Results: After 3-months of the intervention, the mean weight loss was 9 ± 4 pounds. Total cholesterol (-14 ± 31mg/dL), LDL-c (-5 ± 10mg/dL), triglycerides (-55 ± 186mg/dL), fasting blood glucose (-2 ± 3mg/dL) decreased and HDL-c (1 ± 6mg/dL) and hemoglobin A1C (0.8 ± 2.2) increased. Four miRs were increased (i.e., miR-652, miR-24, p Conclusions: These data represent the first known study of changes in extracellular miRs over time in response to a weight loss intervention in high risk Filipinos. We validated previously seen changes in miRs (e.g., miR-20b, miR-miR-486) and identified novel targets that warrant further investigation as biomarkers for T2D risk, responses to interventions, and mechanistic pathways.
Lasers in cell biology and genetics

A sophisticated laser microbeam system has been combined with an image-processing computer system (Gould-De Anza IP5500) to study numerous problems in ceil biology and genetics. The lasers are two Nd:YAG lasers with output in the picosecond (25–100 psec) and nanosecond (10-nsec) domains and wavelengths at 1.06 μm, 532 nm, 355 nm, and 266 nm. In addition, a dye laser is pumped with the nanosecond 532-nm and 355-nm YAG wavelengths to yield a tunable spectrum of 217–800 nm. Cellular systems are observed through a Zeiss Axiomat microscope that focuses the laser beam to spot diameters of less than 1 μm. The microscope images are directed to either a Newvicon or low-light, intensified television camera and subsequently directed to the computer system for real-time digitization, manipulation, and redisplay. Cellular systems studied by this approach are cell migration, function of the mitotic apparatus, myocardial cell contractility, and gene expression. (Invited paper, 30 min.)
Scientific versus Business Workflows

The formal concept of a workflow has existed in the business world for a long time. An entire industry of tools and technology devoted to workflow management has been developed and marketed to meet the needs of commercial enterprises. The Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) has existed for over ten years and has developed a large set of reference models, documents, and standards. Why has the scientific community not adopted these existing standards? While it is not uncommon for the scientific community to reinvent technology rather than purchase existing solutions, there are issues involved in the technical applications that are unique to science, and we will attempt to characterize some of these here. There are, however, many core concepts that have been developed in the business workflow community that directly relate to science, and we will outline them below.
Pathophysiology and Neoplasia of the Adrenal Medulla and Extra-Adrenal Paraganglia

The adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia comprise a homologous family of organs that act as structural liaisons between the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. The production of catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine), a defining feature of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia, plays an important role in both normal and pathological states. This article discusses the general physiology of the adrenal medulla and current concepts regarding neoplasia of chromaffin cells (e.g., pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma) and developing neuroblastic cells (e.g., neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma). Tumors of chromaffin cells and their neuroblastic precursors are historically notorious for their diverse morphological phenotypes and difficult to predict clinical behavior, a topic that has intrigued and baffled generations of investigators. However, recent decades have seen significant advancements toward a better understanding of these entities. The most relevant molecular-genetic changes and an overview of clinical features, evaluation, pathological diagnosis, familial syndrome associations, and modern treatment strategies are discussed as they relate to underlying pathobiology.
Unintended Consequences: The War on Drugs and Land Use and Cover Change in the Ecuadorian Amazon

It is now well-recognized that, at the local, regional, and global scales, landuse changes are significantly altering land cover, perhaps at an accelerating pace. This transformation of the Earth’s surface, particularly through deforestation, is, in turn, linked to a variety of scientific and policy issues affecting climate change and environmental sustainability. The world’s scientific cornmunity is increasingly recognizing what, in retrospect, should have been obvious: that human behavior, as exacerbated by government policy, is a critical driver of global change.
Eye, Orbit, and Adnexal Structures

Two distinct populations of pigmented cells can be found in the eye. The pigmented epithelial cells of the iris, ciliary body, and retina are derived from the neural tube. These cells undergo reactive hyperplasia in response to a variety of stimuli, but they only rarely undergo malignant transformation. The other population consists of the stromal melanocytes, which can be found in the skin, conjunctiva, and uveal tract. These are neural crest in origin and do not undergo reactive hyperplasia, but they are the source of the most common primary intraocular tumor: uveal melanoma. The uveal melanocytes are considered the counterpart of dermal melanocytes, the source of cutaneous melanoma. (Dermal melanoma is discussed elsewhere in this text. This chapter focuses on eye-related melanomas.)
CHEMONUCLEAR REACTORS AND CHEMICAL PROCESSING

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses chemonuclear reactors and chemical processing. There are several ways in which the various types of radiation energy from the fission reaction can be made available for chemical processing purposes. A chemical process nuclear reactor supplying thermal energy for a chemical process either directly in the reactor core or indirectly through coolant streams may be called a thermo-chemonuclear reactor. A chemical process nuclear reactor supplying thermal energy for a chemical process either directly in the reactor core or indirectly through coolant streams may be called a thermo-chemonuclear reactor. For chemical processing purposes, it is of primary importance to know the quantity of chemical conversion for a given amount of radiation expended in the system. The use of chemonuclear reactors for chemical production is definitely indicated for the low G-value endothermic and exothermic nonchain reactions. The nuclear fission reaction provides the source of energy for inducing the chemical reaction.
Are Independent and Liberal Women Villains

This paper unpacks the perpetuation of negativity in liberal and modern female roles telecast by Pakistani Urdu TV drama serials. These dramas relay an implicit message that a woman cannot be a successful professional and a good wife or mother at the same time. The majority of contemporary TV dramas constantly present liberal, bold, and independent females in negative roles i.e., villains, anti-heroines and unsuccessful persons. Whereas leading positive roles appear to be traditional and conformed to conventions. Constantly, repeated negative female images and stereotypical patterns through TV dramas tend to impinge upon viewers. Thus, I employ the framework of social cognitive theory to comprehend the findings and examine the implications of these negative female images. This paper examines forty female roles appeared in five popular Pakistani Urdu TV drama serials telecast during the period of 2012-2016 and discusses the ways in which stereotypes are conferred to the negative female roles in these serials. By using the methodology of thematic analysis, I argue that by associating female negative roles with the impression of modernity, boldness, and liberalism, these drama serials indirectly reinforce conventional and subservient attitudes for women. Moreover, this type of portrayal in TV drama serials not only reinforces the passivity and subordination for females, but also reduces the prospects of diversity, openness, and acceptance of an independent and progressive approach of women in Pakistan.
Création interdisciplinaire et indiscipline de l’interprète-créateur

Comment un performeur accede-t-il a son interdisciplinarite? Le corps – dans son contexte global, avec ses emotions, ses sensations, ce qui lui est impose, ce qu’il provoque – est central a mon experience d’interprete dans la creation interdisciplinaire. Le chemin vers l’inconnu – caracteristique fondamentale d’un travail entre-les-disciplines – est vecu et explore par la totalite de ma personne, bien au-dela de ma discipline de formation, la danse. Par le biais de cette corporeite, la chaosmose de Guattari et le devenir de Deleuze, j’examinerai le chemin de l’interdisciplinarite pour l’interprete et l’agentivite qu’il exerce dans un processus de creation interdisciplinaire.
Changing Context: Do Magnet Schools Improve Student Achievement in a Modern Setting?

ABSTRACTAlthough magnet schools were created in the 1960s to integrate schools, their policy, legal, and demographic context has changed dramatically, making it more difficult for them to integrate...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy in sickle cell disease: where are we now?

Purpose of reviewSickle cell disease (SCD) is a common monogenic disorder that is characterized by an A to T substitution in the β-globin gene that leads to the production of hemoglobin S (HbS). Polymerization of HbS leads to significant morbidity including vaso-occlusion, pain, hemolytic anemia, an
Diagnostic Evaluation Using Biopsy and Dermoscopy

The evaluation of dermatologic conditions cannot always be accomplished by history and physical alone. In some instances, the use of a dermoscope can help differentiate a benign from a more suspicious lesion. Office-based biopsies can be easily learned and performed, as the physician will often need the help of a pathologist to make the diagnosis. Once a diagnosis is made, a primary care clinician can learn and perform several office-based treatments to treat the conditions.
Stochastic Control and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Fundamental Limits

We consider damped stochastic systems in a controlled (time varying) potential and study their transition between specified Gibbs-equilibria states in finite time. By the second law of thermodynamics, the minimum amount of work needed for the transition from one equilibrium state to another is the difference between the Helmholtz free energy of the two states and can only be achieved by a reversible (infinitely slow) process. The minimal gap between the work needed in a finite-time transition and the work during a reversible one, turns out to equal the square of the optimal mass transport (Wasserstein-2) distance between the two end-point distributions times the inverse of the duration needed for the transition. This result, in fact, relates nonequilibrium optimal control strategies (protocols) to gradient flows of entropy functionals via the Jordan–Kinderlehrer–Otto scheme. The purpose of this paper is to introduce ideas and results from the emerging field of stochastic thermodynamics in the setting of the classical regulator theory, and to draw connections and derive such fundamental relations from a control perspective in a multivariable setting.
Network analysis of medical care services

Medical care services can be organized into a network. Understanding the structure of this network cannot only help analyze common clinical protocols but can also help reveal previously unknown patterns of care. The objective of this research is to introduce the concept and methods for constructing and analyzing the network of medical care services. We start by demonstrating how to build the network itself and then develop algorithms, based on principal component analysis and social network analysis, to detect communities of services. Finally, we propose novel graphical techniques for representing and assessing patterns of care. We demonstrate the application of our algorithms using data from an Emergency Department in New York State. One of the implications of our research is that clinical experts could use our algorithms to detect deviations from either existing protocols of care or administrative norms.
Production responses to diets supplemented with soybean meal, expeller soybean meal, or dry-extruded cottonseed cake by lactating dairy cows

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this trial was to evaluate the performance of lactating cows fed diets in which cottonseed cake (CSC) completely replaced either solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) or expeller SBM (ESM) to evaluate value of CSC as either source of ruminal degradable or undegradable protein supplement. Materials and Methods Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block trial with a 3-wk standardization period followed by an 8-wk experimental period. Intake and production were monitored throughout the trial. The CSC was produced by dry extruding whole cottonseed at 121 to 149°C for 12 to 20 s. The resulting CSC contained approximately 33% CP with 45% ruminally degradable protein and 55% ruminally undegradable protein (DM basis). Treatments included (1) control diet supplemented with SBM and ESM (CONT), (2) CSC substituted for SBM (CSRDP), and (3) CSC substituted for ESM (CSRUP). Results and Discussion No differences were observed in DMI; milk yield; ECM yield; or percentage or yield of milk fat, lactose, or solids not-fat among treatments. No differences were observed in yield of milk protein, but milk protein percentage was less for CSRDP compared with CONT but not different from CSRUP. Milk urea nitrogen concentrations were less for CSRDP compared with CONT and CSRUP: 8.56, 7.58, and 9.27 mg/dL for CONT, CSRDP, and CSRUP, respectively. No differences were observed in change of BW or BCS during the trial among treatments. Implications and Applications Results of this trial indicate that the CSC can be substituted for SBM or ESM without affecting intake or milk yield and composition. The lower MUN observed for CSRDP suggests that substituting the CSC for SBM may have limited degradable N.
Ytterbium-implanted photonic resonators based on thin film lithium niobate

We introduce our design, simulation, and fabrication for cm-long waveguides and micro-ring resonators based on fully-etched thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) incorporated with rare earth ions. We implant ytterbium ions (Yb 3 +) into the crystalline host and study their optical properties at 4 K temperature. We measure an intrinsic optical quality factor of higher than 2 × 10 6 after postimplantation annealing. We characterize the photoluminescence spectrum, lifetime, and absorption of Yb 3 + ions. Incorporation of rare earth ions into LNOI as a crystalline and nonlinear photonic element may enable the development of multi-functional quantum photonic devices capable of generating, transducing, manipulating, and storing of quantum optical information.
Detecting X‐linked common and rare variant effects in family‐based sequencing studies

The breakthroughs in next generation sequencing have allowed us to access data consisting of both common and rare variants, and in particular to investigate the impact of rare genetic variation on complex diseases. Although rare genetic variants are thought to be important components in explaining genetic mechanisms of many diseases, discovering these variants remains challenging, and most studies are restricted to population-based designs. Further, despite the shift in the field of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) towards studying rare variants due to the "missing heritability" phenomenon, little is known about rare X-linked variants associated with complex diseases. For instance, there is evidence that X-linked genes are highly involved in brain development and cognition when compared with autosomal genes; however, like most GWAS for other complex traits, previous GWAS for mental diseases have provided poor resources to deal with identification of rare variant associations on X-chromosome. In this paper, we address the two issues described above by proposing a method that can be used to test X-linked variants using sequencing data on families. Our method is much more general than existing methods, as it can be applied to detect both common and rare variants, and is applicable to autosomes as well. Our simulation study shows that the method is efficient, and exhibits good operational characteristics. An application to the University of Miami Study on Genetics of Autism and Related Disorders also yielded encouraging results.
Management of Chronic Migraine in Children and Adolescents: A Brief Discussion on Preventive Therapies

Pediatric migraine is a debilitating disease that affects about 10% of school-aged children. Like other pain disorders, migraines can be accompanied with sleep, mood, and cognitive difficulties, leading to interruptions in daily tasks required at both school and home. This paper serves as a review of the most current pharmacological treatments available for managing migraine in the pediatric population. Because the management of migraine is complex, we discuss the importance of multidisciplinary care involving pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, behavioral modifications, and a shared treatment plan between the clinician, patient, and parent/care giver. A diverse group of medications are used to prevent migraine attacks including antiepileptics, antidepressants, antihistamines, and antihypertensive agents, in addition to newer classes of medications; yet there remains a serious lack of controlled studies in the pediatric population. Further clinical research is necessary to have Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications readily available for migraine sufferers.
Challenges and Opportunities for Teaching Students with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

According to UNESCO (2020), school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have affected over 1.5 billion students and families. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented multiple challenges for teaching students with disabilities in an online instructional environment, but there are also opportunities for collaboration, training, and communication for special educators to meet the needs of their students.
Recent Developments in the Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions: a Narrative Review

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the literature published over past 3 years and emphasize the most recent updates in the diagnosis and management of malignant pleural effusions (MPE). The management of MPE is focused on palliation of symptoms and should take into account patient preferences and anticipated survival. Chemical pleurodesis and indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) are both definitive options for recurrent symptomatic MPE. IPC placement reduces hospitalization and can result in spontaneous pleurodesis, but these advantages must be weighed against the cost of materials and ongoing care. IPC is preferred over attempted pleurodesis in the presence of nonexpandable lung. The use of vacuum bottles during therapeutic thoracentesis is associated with increased pain and complications, and drainage via manual aspiration or to gravity is preferred. The routine use of manometry does not appear to reduce procedure-related discomfort. Several new advances have been made and discovered in relation to procedural aspects of thoracentesis, diagnosis, and management of MPE. We summarized the most relevant trials and studies and discuss their application in the clinical practice.
The Effects of Nighttime Surgery on Outcomes Following Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: An Analysis of the UNOS Database

Purpose The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of operative time of day on outcomes in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients. We hypothesized that nighttime OHT operations would be associated with increased 1-year mortality when compared to daytime OHT operations. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of adult heart transplant recipients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database from January 2000 to December 2019. Operative time of day was derived from the donor cross-clamp time (night, 6 pm-4 am; day, 4 am-6 pm). The primary outcome was survival at 1 year. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank statistics were generated to compare the effect of operative time and were further stratified by age, transplant center yearly volume (low volume, Results Of the 42,007 patients included in the study, 24,200 (57.6%) underwent nighttime and 17,807 (42.4%) daytime OHT (Table 1). Preoperative patient characteristics were similar between cohorts. 1-year survival (Figures 1) was not different between the cohorts (89.7 vs 89.5%, p=0.630). When further stratified by age, center volume, or VAD status, 1-year survival between operative times still remained insignificant. Conclusion There is no significant association between nighttime operations and 1-year post-transplant survival in adult heart transplant recipients.
Deriving restoration targets from diameter distributions of Dominant Biomass Strata development phases in an old-growth European beech forest

Abstract The common stand-level diameter distributions of old-growth forests (i.e., reverse-J or rotated sigmoid) resemble the managerial targets of selection forestry, seemingly making it a potential tool in continuous cover/close-to-nature forestry for the restoration of natural forest structures. Yet while the structures associated with selection forestry are well known, the most prevalent diameter distributions exhibited in natural tree neighborhoods in primeval forests are less well documented. If the structures actually observed in sub-stand patches of natural forest in various forest development phases resemble those targeted by selection forestry, then it may indeed provide useful silvicultural guidance for restoration in future old-growth. To assess this for European beech, the spatial tessellation based floating neighborhood sampling approach was used to delineate natural tree neighbors at the second-order scale (averaging 21 trees over 759 m2 patches) in a primeval European beech forest in the Carpathian Mountains, Ukraine. These neighborhoods were assigned to one of seven Dominant Biomass Strata development phases based on the size class contributing the greatest relative live-tree volume (early Understory, Lower Midstory, and Upper Midstory phases, middle Lower Overstory and Overstory phases, and late Upper Overstory and Emergent phases). Cluster analysis then identified the predominant diameter distribution types (DDTs) in the neighborhoods assigned to each phase. As is typical of primeval beech forest, few neighborhoods were assigned to the early phases (2.1%), proportionally more to the middle phases (25%) and most to the late Upper Overstory phase (50%), with the remainder assigned to the final Emergent (23%) phase. The earliest phases had DDTs with negative exponential (U, LM) or slightly bimodal (UM) forms, but subsequent phases added bimodal (LO), rotated sigmoid (LO-UO), and multimodal (O-E) DDTs. All phases had a very high (50–97%) proportion of trees in the smallest size class, such that no sub-stand patch DDT exhibited a unimodal form, nor did the stand-level distribution resemble a balanced uneven-age distribution. Active management to restore these natural structures may require modifications to selection forestry and include crop-tree (crown) thinning to promote a high (>50/ha) density of large-diameter trees to accumulate high (>500 m3 ha−1 of volume) stocking levels, as well as the creation of mini-gaps (~0.05 ha) to maintain but not necessarily immediately release Understory trees and some small gaps to establish Midstory trees to promote natural multimodal diameter distributions.
Conceptualizing Artists’ Rights: Circulations of the Siegelaub-Projansky Agreement through Art and Law

“The Artist’s Reserved Rights Transfer and Sale Agreement” (Siegelaub-Projansky Agreement) of 1971 and the certificates of early Conceptual art have been considered contradictory for enabling so-called “dematerialized” artworks to be exchanged as any other commodifiable work, thus negating Conceptual artists’ claims of challenging market and institutional conventions. However, an expanded lens on the life of the Siegelaub-Projansky Agreement in law yields another legacy for these endeavors, where the Agreement is instead evidenced as influencing artists’ rights laws in the United States, and where its rhetoric of collectivity can be viewed as a radical appropriation of private law in an effort to establish more equitable art industry norms. This reclaimed narrative of political influence emerges only when we recognize the capacity of these artistic documents as legal instruments, and consider how they have circulated through and challenged the limits of both fields they are cross-classified between: art and law.