cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1375: A homogeneous high-throughput screening assay for inhibitors of the interaction of MLL-AF4 and AF9 in pediatric leukemia

Chromosomal translocations of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene occur in 5-10% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including up to 80% of infant ALL and most treatment-related secondary AML. These MLL rearrangements result in a portion of the MLL protein being fused to one of a number of transcription factors. The prognosis for MLL-rearranged (MLL-R) leukemia is much poorer than for leukemia devoid of MLL fusions; five-year survival of Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1375. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1375
Elder abuse awareness and action: the role of state summits.

Increasingly, states are convening summits to identify appropriate local responses to elder abuse. This first-ever nationwide research on state-level elder abuse summits examines what leads to their formation, what they accomplish, and what factors contribute to their success. Study results suggest that two-fifths of the states have held summits, four-fifths of which have been since 2000. Typically the summits were convened by the state department of human services or aging, involved 25–50 participants, and lasted less than 2 years. Nearly 50% of study respondents felt that summit goals had been met, and 60% stated that recommendations were implemented, usually because of committed participants, involvement of the right people, or strong advocacy. State summits can be effective means for galvanizing collective action to address elder abuse as a complex social problem.
Morphogenera, monophyly, and macroevolution

Jablonski and Finarelli (1) suggest that morphogenera, even when they are nonmonophyletic, serve as good representatives for large-scale evolutionary studies. We feel there are two issues that warrant further discussion. First, the test used to evaluate the effect of using nonmonophyletic groups for macroevolutionary studies was not conservative and thus does not provide strong evidence about the impact of nonmonophyly on evolutionary studies. Their test examined whether the median trait value for the species in a nonmonophyletic genus correlated with the median trait value for those same species plus the additional species needed to make the set monophyletic. Correlation of the median value of a set of measurements with the median value of a superset of those measurements is to be expected (as is briefly mentioned in the methods section of ref. 1). To demonstrate this, we correlated the median values of ln body mass from random sets of 3, 7, and 15 mammal species and 0–30 additional species for 45 simulated genera, using data from ref. 2 (Fig. 1A). Even when the median of 3 species is correlated with those 3 plus 15 additional species, the correlation is significant. Moreover, slightly better than random assignment of species to genera increases the expected correlation. To show this, we compare the results of figure 3A from ref. 1 with simulations where 45 genera of 3 species each were created from species chosen randomly from (i) the same family (Fig. 1B) and (ii) the same order (Fig. 1C) (data from refs. 2 and 3). Correlations between morphogenus median and the smallest clade containing the morphogenus species were significant (P < 0.0001). Thus, the observed correlations presented in ref. 1 are not surprising.
Power residues on Abelian varieties

Given a prime l and an elliptic curve E defined over a number field k, we show that a non-zero point P∈E(k) lies in lE(k) if and only if P lies in lE(k)(mod ?) for almost all finite primes ? of k. We give conditions on l under which analogous results hold for Abelian varieties and with one point replaced by a finite number of points. We also construct examples to show that these conditions are essential.
Efficacy of a Rift Valley fever virus vaccine against an aerosol infection in rats.

The formalin-inactivated Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) vaccine, TSI-GSD-200, was administered subcutaneously to highly susceptible adult Wistar-Furth rats (LD50 1 p.f.u., ZH501 strain). Vaccine was administered on days 0, 7 and 28, the same time course used for at-risk personnel. Six months postimmunization, when the serum plaque-reduction neutralization titre (PRNT)80 had declined to low or undetectable levels, rats were challenged with 4.4 log10 p.f.u. of the virulent ZH501 strain in a nose-only dynamic aerosol apparatus. Ninety-seven per cent (3334) of the non-vaccinated control rats died. In contrast, only 32% (33105) of the vaccinated animals died. In vaccinated rats that succumbed, there was a doubling of the mean time to death and the cause of death shifted from hepatitis to encephalitis. Rats with a PRNT80 of ⩾ 1:40 were protected from clinical disease and histological evidence of hepatic or encephalitic lesions. While the precise mechanisms of immunity against aerosol challenge remain unresolved, here the serum PRNT titre correlated with protection.
Luminance requirements for lighted signage

Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is presently targeted to displace traditional light sources in backlighted signage. The literature shows that brightness and contrast are perhaps the two most important elements of a sign that determine its attention-getting capabilities and its legibility. Presently, there are no luminance standards for signage, and the practice of developing brighter signs to compete with signs in adjacent businesses is becoming more commonplace. Sign luminances in such cases may far exceed what people usually need for identifying and reading a sign. Furthermore, the practice of higher sign luminance than needed has many negative consequences, including higher energy use and light pollution. To move toward development of a recommendation for lighted signage, several laboratory human factors evaluations were conducted. A scale model of a storefront was used to present human subjects with a typical red channel-letter sign at luminances ranging from 8 cd/m 2 to 1512 cd/m 2 under four background luminances typical of nighttime outdoor and daytime inside-mall conditions (1, 100, 300, 1000 cd/m 2 ), from three scaled viewing distances (30, 60, 340 ft), and either in isolation or adjacent to two similar signs. Subjects rated the brightness, acceptability, and ease of reading of the test sign for each combination of sign and background luminances and scaled viewing distances.
What do our intuitions about the experience machine really tell us about hedonism

Robert Nozick’s experience machine thought experiment is often considered a decisive refutation of hedonism. I argue that the conclusions we draw from Nozick’s thought experiment ought to be informed by considerations concerning the operation of our intuitions about value. First, I argue that, in order to show that practical hedonistic reasons are not causing our negative reaction to the experience machine, we must not merely stipulate their irrelevance (since our intuitions are not always responsive to stipulation) but fill in the concrete details that would make them irrelevant. If we do this, we may see our feelings about the experience machine becoming less negative. Second, I argue that, even if our feelings about the experience machine do not perfectly track hedonistic reasons, there are various reasons to doubt the reliability of our anti-hedonistic intuitions. And finally, I argue that, since in the actual world seeing certain things besides pleasure as ends in themselves may best serve hedonistic ends, hedonism may justify our taking these other things to be intrinsically valuable, thus again making the existence of our seemingly anti-hedonistic intuitions far from straightforward evidence for the falsity of hedonism.
Interannual and seasonal variations of diurnal tide, gravity wave, ozone, and water vapor as observed by MLS during 1991–1994

Abstract The diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) shows large seasonal and interannual variations. Despite recent modeling investigations, the underlying physical mechanisms for causing these variations remain unclear. This paper provides further observational constraints to tide-sensitive variables (H 2 O, O 3 , and gravity wave variances) used by the models, which are obtained simultaneously by upper atmosphere research satellite microwave limb sounder at altitudes below the MLT region. The strong quasi biannual oscillation and semiannual oscillation variations in these measurements reveal good correlations between the diurnal tide with other tide-sensitive variables, which should be taken into account for further modeling studies.
Thermal Conductivity of Vitreous Silica at Low Temperatures

The thermal conductivity of a number of samples of vitreous silica has been measured between 1.5 and 20 K and between 65 and 300 K. The specimens were obtained from a number of manufacturers and were all high-purity optical-quality material. Above 65 K, the thermal conductivities of all the specimens were found to be identical. Below 20 K, the thermal conductivities of four synthetic silicas, Englehard Suprasil and three types of Corning silica were the same, but the thermal conductivities of the samples made by fusing rock quartz were quite different. These differences were found to be as large as 50% at 2 K. Impurities in small concentrations have no significant effect on the thermal conductivity. According to one theory, long-range (\ensuremath{\sim} 100 \AA{}) spacial correlations in the phonon scattering resulting from the small amount of long-range order remaining in an amorphous material may be the most important factor in determining the thermal conductivity of glasses at low temperatures, and can, at least in principle, account for the difference between the various silicas.
Some thoughts on chemistry and biology

Chemistry is widely regarded as the central science. The spoke connecting the chemical hub to biology should be one of the strongest in the wheel.
Regulation of hepatic β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by the interplay of hormones

We have previously established that insulin causes a marked and rapid stimulation of hepatic β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in normal and diabetic rats [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.50, 504 (1973)], whereas l-triiodothyronine stimulates the reductase activity to supranormal levels in hypophysectomized rats two days after administration [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (1974) In press]. In the present investigation it is demonstrated that the stimulation of the reductase activity in hypophysectomized-diabetic rats requires the mediation of both insulin and l-triiodothyronine. Neither hormone alone is effective. The rapid stimulation of reductase activity by insulin and the delayed stimulation elicited by l-triiodothyronine are both inhibited by either glucagon or hydrocortisone. Thus, an interplay of hormones regulates reductase activity and consequently cholesterol biosynthesis.
Mechanisms resulting in accreted ice roughness

Icing tests conducted on rotating cylinders in the BF Goodrich's Icing Research Facility indicate that a regular, deterministic, icing roughness pattern is typical. The roughness pattern is similar to kernels of corn on a cob for cylinders of diameter typical of a cob. An analysis is undertaken to determine the mechanisms which result in this roughness to ascertain surface scale and amplitude of roughness. Since roughness and the resulting augmentation of the convected heat transfer coefficient has been determined to most strongly control the accreted ice in ice prediction codes, the ability to predict a priori, location, amplitude and surface scale of roughness would greatly augment the capabilities of current ice accretion models.
Transendothelial migration of leukocytes is promoted by plasma from a subgroup of immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients with small‐vessel ischemic brain disease

We previously described a subgroup of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients presenting with recurring transient ischemic attack-like symptoms and progressive cognitive impairment due to small vessel disease (SVD) seen in the brain. They presented minimal bleeding despite thrombocytopenia, and platelet activation was elevated compared to classic ITP. On the hypothesis that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is compromised in this subgroup, we investigated the effect of plasma from SVD-ITP patients on the transendothelial migration of leukocytes (TEML). Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) were grown to confluence on 6.5-μm pore filters and plasma from 10 healthy controls, 20 classic ITP, and 5 SVD-ITP were added and incubated 24 hr. Then 1 × 105 monocytes (U937) were added and the number migrated through the EC monolayer after 6 hr was measured by flow cytometry. The effect on TEML of danazol was also assessed. We found that plasma from SVD-ITP but not classic ITP induced 10-fold rise in EC activation marker CD62E and a sevenfold increase in TEML, to 38.5% ± 12.5% of cells migrated, compared to normal controls (5.6% ± 1.2%) or classic ITP (6.1% ± 0.2%), P < 0.001. Preincubation of U937 with endothelial microparticles (EMP) increased TEML by 20.0% ± 6.4% with SVD-ITP plasma, significantly more than with classic ITP or control plasmas, P = 0.003. Pretreatment of cultures with danazol (100 μg/mL) inhibited TEML by 25% in all wells tested, whether or not EMP were added. In summary, SVD-ITP plasma activates EC and augments TEML, suggesting plasma-mediated BBB dysfunction in this syndrome. Danazol modestly but significantly inhibited TEML. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Free-Foraging Workers of Camponotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin and Bearweria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin were studied to determine their pathogenicity against free-foraging workers of the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De-Geer). Worker ants exposed to B. bassiana died faster than ants exposed to either of 2 strains of M. anisopliae (Mal and Ma2). When the ants were allowed continuous access to fungal conidia in an inoculation chamber, B. bassiana killed the ants faster than ants exposed to either Mal or Ma2. When exposed once to fungal conidia, during a single feeding within an inoculation chamber (that is, direct exposure), the workers exposed to B. bassiana died quicker than did those exposed to either strain of M. anisopliae. To study the effects of horizontal transmission of conidia on pathogenicity, workers were directly exposed to B. bassiana and mixed with other unexposed workers (that is, indirect exposure). At a 1:1 ratio of exposed to unexposed workers, the ants died at a rate that did not differ significantly from that in the earlier, direct exposures, yet at a 1:9 ratio of exposed to unexposed workers, the rate of mortality was slower. Horizontal transmission of the pathogen did not lower the ultimate pathogenicity; after 60 d, the cumulative percentage of mortality exceeded 90% in the direct and indirect exposures to B. bassiana.
Zeeman scanning of absorption line profiles in flames

Abstract Absorption line profiles in atmospheric pressure flames have been determined by changing the wavelength of a background, low pressure discharge light source with a large, variable magnetic field. Line profiles of one atomic zinc line and two rotational lines of the 0,0 band of the 2 ∑ + - 2 Π transition of OH have been measured in H2/O2/N2 and C2H2/O2/N2 flames. Average values for collisional cross sections are derived from these profiles.
Identification of adhesions on CT in small-bowel obstruction.

Identification of adhesions on computed tomography (CT) in cases of small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is currently a diagnosis of exclusion. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the presence of findings suggestive of an extraluminal band can be used as a CT sign for adhesive SBO. CT scans of 142 patients with surgically proven SBO performed within 72 h of exploratory surgery were reviewed. The studies were evaluated for the cause of SBO and the presence of extraluminal bands. An extraluminal band was considered present if there was a change in the conformation of the transition zone, suggesting extraluminal compression of the bowel by a linear obstructive band. The presence of extraluminal bands in the area of the transition zone had a high positive predictive value for adhesive SBO. Of the 73 cases in which bands were present, SBO was due to adhesions in 52 instances, with a corresponding positive predictive value of 71% (95% confidence interval 0.60–0.80) and a p value of 0.008. The extraluminal band was 61% sensitive and 63% specific for adhesive SBO. The presence of an extraluminal band on CT in the area of the transition zone in cases of SBO correlates well with a diagnosis of SBO secondary to adhesions. In the absence of a source of SBO, the presence of an extraluminal band can serve as a helpful diagnostic adjunct for adhesive SBO.
An algorithm for hoisting

An approach to hoisting, a program optimization technique, is discussed. The safety and profitability of optimization in general and hoisting in particular is analyzed. By restricting the analysis to a spanning tree imposed on the program graph, a linear algorithm is developed that provides sufficient but not necessary conditions for hoisting. This linear algorithm is shown to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for hoisting in IF-THEN-BLSE statements.
Social Rates of Return and Other Aspects of Agricultural Research: The Case of Cotton Research in São Paulo, Brazil

Economic impacts of investments in cotton seed research and development in Sao Paulo, Brazil, are estimated. The internal rate of return to Brazilian society is estimated to have been approximately 90 percent. The effect on export earnings was large, and consumers benefited via a decrease in the price and an increase in the quantity of cotton cloth. Of total net benefits producers captured about 60 percent and consumers 40 percent. Landowners and managers received the largest share of producer benefits. Laborers benefited through an increase in employment, but wage rates were not raised. Policy implications are given.
Who and how to screen for cancer in at-risk inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) include both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and both diseases are marked by inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. Due to long-standing inflammation, IBD patients are at increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially patients with chronic inflammation, pancolitis, co-diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis and a longer duration of disease. Small bowel inflammation places Crohn’s patients at an increased risk of small bowel cancer. A higher risk of skin cancers, lymphomas and cervical abnormalities is also seen in IBD patients; this is likely related to both disease factors and the presence of immunosuppressive medication. This article reviews which patients are at an increased risk of IBD-associated or IBD treatment-associated cancers, when to begin screening and which screening methods are recommended.
High-frequency asymptotic shape of the primary relaxation in supercooled liquids

We characterize the high-frequency asymptotic shape of the primary dielectric relaxation for four supercooled liquids: glycerol, propylene carbonate, D-propylene glycol and tricresyl phosphate. Two distinct power laws, with an exact relationship between their exponents, exist above the peak in the imaginary part of the permittivity, e''(ν). The second power law is a robust feature of the spectra, extending at least 13 decades above the peak frequency, for all the liquids. The change with temperature of e''(ν) in this high-frequency region provides direct evidence for a proposed divergence in the static susceptibility in supercooled liquids and suggests that in the simplest analysis the approach to this divergence obeys Curie-Weiss behavior.
Optical detection of small changes in refractive indices in water by single-beam scattering

We studied forward-scattered laser light that is produced when the light strikes an abrupt interface (air bubble in water) and when it passes unimpeded through diffused water layers caused by temperature gradients. Measured intensities of the scattered light indicated patterns that are due to both geometrical and physical optics. Distribution of intensities within the scattered beam changed with the average vertical temperature gradient. Shifts in locations of intensities indicated small changes in the index of refraction in the diffused scattering case.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adverse health outcomes

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined by extreme levels of inattention–disorganization and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity. In DSM-IV, the diagnostic criteria required impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. With DSM-5 publication imminent in 2013, further evaluation of impairment in ADHD is timely. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on health-related impairments of ADHD, including smoking, drug abuse, accidental injury, sleep, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and suicidal behavior. It concludes by suggesting the need for new avenues of research on mechanisms of association and the potential for ADHD to be an early warning sign for secondary prevention of some poor health outcomes.
Dosage Effects of Motivational Interviewing on Middle-School Students' Academic Performance: Randomized Evaluation of One versus Two Sessions.

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a brief client-centred intervention that increases intrinsic motivation for change. Little research has been conducted on MI to promote academic behaviours, but two studies found that one session of MI did improve middle-school students' math grades [Strait, G., Smith, B., McQuillin, S., Terry, J., Swan, S., & Malone, P. (2012). A randomized trial of motivational interviewing to improve middle school students' academic performance. Journal of Community Psychology, 40, 1032–1039; Terry, J., Strait, G., Smith, B., & McQuillin, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing to improve middle school students' academic performance: A replication study. Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 902–909]. This study examines dosage effects of MI by randomly assigning 42 middle-school students to either one or two sessions of MI (n = 21 per group). Significant dosage effects were found for math, science and history grades, with effect sizes of 0.55, 0.58 and 0.47, respectively. Considering that...
Study of immunological dysfunction in periparturient Holstein cattle selected for high and average milk production

Data from twenty assays of traits associated with innate and adaptive immunity were evaluated from 137 periparturient Holstein cows. These cows had been selected through planned matings for four different levels of milk production (high and average pounds of milk, and high and average pounds of milk fat plus protein). For up to seven generations, the genetic lines were produced by mating females of each line to sires of corresponding merit. With the exceptions of neutrophil ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus and directed migration, all assays measuring neutrophil functions were depressed beginning 2 to 3 weeks before calving through 3 weeks after calving. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G1 decreased while those of immunoglobulin G2 increased around calving time. Serum complement and conglutinin concentrations decreased before calving and reached a minimum around calving time. Cows selected for high milk production (pounds of milk and pounds of milk fat plus proteins) had significantly higher (P < 0.10) numbers of circulating neutrophils and mononuclear cells, had higher (P < 0.10) neutrophil resting chemiluminescence and higher (P < 0.10) neutrophil directed migration than cows with average production potentials. There were significant (P < 0.001) sire progeny group differences for most traits associated with the immune system that we tested. These results can be considered encouraging, in that selection for high milk yield did not produce unfavorable correlated responses in the functional capacity of immune function traits, and that there is sufficient genetic variation in these immunological traits among sires of high genetic merit for milk production to potentially improve the immunocompetence of periparturient cows through planned mating experiments.
Concomitant behavioral and neural inhibition and disinhibition in response to subcortical stimulation.

Unit and EEG activity were recorded simultaneously from the same electrode in both “acute” and “chronic” cats. In “chronic” cats, parallels between behavioral and electrophysiological activity were observed. Stimulation of a number of brain sites, including the caudate nucleus and parts of the thalamus, induced an inhibition of unit activity with a concomitant positive (extracellularly recorded) slow wave. The inhibition, which lasted from 150–250 msec, was abbreviated when afferent inputs (thalamocortical or peripheral) were paired with the inhibitory stimuli. When many consecutive pairings were made at a rate of 1/3 to 3 pulses per sec, the abbreviation of inhibition tended to disappear, and, in addition, an inhibitory response to the afferent input alone was often seen. In “chronic” cats, these electrophysiological observations were paralleled by inhibition and disinhibition of behavioral responses.
The Role of Facebook in Fostering Transfer Student Integration

AbstractPersistence of transfer students is greatly influenced by academic and social integration at receiving institutions. The purpose of this study was to examine how transfer students and student affairs professionals used Facebook during the initial transition to campus. Findings from 15 different institutional Facebook groups revealed that transfer students integrated more socially, compared with academically, via social media
Anisakis simplex: Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in the muscle mitochondria of infected fish

Abstract Adenosine triphosphatase activity stimulated by Mg 2+ was greater in muscle mitochondria of fish infected with larval Anisakis simplex nematodes than in uninfected fish. When muscle mitochondria were isolated in a sucrose ethylene-glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether) N , N′ -tetraacetic acid medium from fresh uninfected fish, they were loosely coupled, and their adenosine triphosphatase activity was comparable to that of mitochondria from rat tissue. Activity in infected fish was dose dependent, increasing with the number of worms per fish. Excretory secretory products or a cytoplasmic fraction of anisakines, when incubated with coupled rat mitochondria, also caused adenosine triphosphatase activity to increase. Storage of fish flesh caused an increase in adenosine triphosphatase activity, but such aging was not significant until 5 and 10 days after death in refrigerated and frozen samples, respectively. The Mg 2+ stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity of muscle mitochondria can be used to estimate the number of nematodes per market fish. The type of medium used to isolate the mitochondria is crucial in such studies; an ionic medium with Nagarse proteinase was optimal for fish muscle mitochondria.
CONTAINMENT AND MISMATCH: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUTING IN METROPOLITAN LABOR MARKETS

The spatial containment of women relative to men remains a prominent theme in research on women's employment in American cities. Drawing on a dataset for all metropolitan areas in the United States in 1990, this research analyzes the contextual variability of containment effects and the link between localized commutes and the incidence of occupational sex segregation. Women's more localized commutes persist across most of the urban system, with particularly wide differentials in suburban labor markets in proximity to national service and finance centers. Treatment effects models confirm that differences in the extent of local labor markets among women reinforce occupational sex segregation, but the effect varies by mode of travel. Working close to home slightly increases the likelihood of segregation for women with access to private automobiles, suggestive of spatial containment. Among women reliant on bus transportation, spatial mismatch is so severe that even poorly paid secondary jobs require long comm...
Possible greenschist metamorphism at the base of a 22-km sedimentary section, Bay of Bengal

Reinterpretation of seismic refraction and reflection data in the Bay of Bengal suggests a maximum thickness of sedimentary deposits of more than 22 km beneath the Bangladesh continental shelf. Revised correlation of an early Eocene unconformity—which is interpreted as representing the time of the India-Asia collision—subdivides these deposits into (1) a Cretaceous and Paleocene continental-rise section up to 6 km thick off the Indian margin and (2) 16 km of overlying Bengal Fan sediments and sedimentary rocks derived mainly from erosion of the region uplifted following the collision. Pressure and temperature conditions within the deeply buried continental rise are in the field of greenschist facies metamorphism. The resulting metasedimentary rocks would have velocities and densities compatible with the refraction data and isostatic calculations.
The current status of audiologic rehabilitation for profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Objectives/Hypothesis: Audiologic rehabilitation of individuals with profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) has traditionally been limited to the use of air-conduction contralateral routing of sound (CROS) hearing aids. Treatment for these individuals has expanded with new applications of the bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA), transcranial hearing aid (t-CROS), and the cochlear implant. In this article, the authors review the literature that addresses these various treatment options. Study Design: Contemporary review Results: Historical information is available that describes the limited efficacy of air-conduction CROS hearing aids in lifting hearing handicap associated with USNHL. Current investigations on providing cross hearing are generally focused on use of the BAHA. Little is known at present whether new developments in hearing aid technology can improve on conventional air-conduction CROS or t-CROS approaches. Interestingly, the cochlear implant seems to be a viable option for individuals with USNHL and tinnitus who also have intact auditory nerve pathways. Conclusions: There is indication in the literature that BAHA provides greater relief of hearing handicap associated with USNHL than CROS hearing aids; however, both have been found to provide limited patient satisfaction and seemingly fall short of restoring true sound localization. Adequate trials have not been performed comparing BAHA with the best CROS hearing aid technology. Transcranial hearing aids and cochlear implants are experimental methods to treat USNHL and hold promise, although there remains a lack of studies available to fully support this. Laryngoscope, 2010
Optimal stabilization of plate buckling

Optimal design equations are developed to actively stabilize plates loaded in excess of the critical buckling load using large numbers of sensors and actuators. This optimal design approach is coupled with finite element models to capture the complex dynamics and buckling modes of these systems. Important features of this problem include the instability of critically loaded plates and the ability to select the designed closed loop critical buckling load. The method presented stresses the limits of this form of centralized, optimal control design. Optimal controllers are designed to stabilize critically loaded, laminated composite plates similar to those found in aircraft wing skins. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and smart materials are considered for use as sensors and actuators due to their light weight and ease of surface application. The controllers and control architectures developed are shown to be capable of increasing the load capacity by up to a factor of two and stabilizing four, or more, buckling modes. The feasibility of the MEMS-based control architectures employed are evaluated and the resulting tradeoffs presented. The level of actuator authority and sensor precision required to create practical implementations is explicitly determined for the examples presented.
Fibrinolytic Activity of Hemolytic Streptococci and Other Microörganisms

The fibrinolytic activity of hemolytic streptococci has been extensively studied by Tillett and Garner.1 According to these authors, only hemolytic streptococci, with the exception of some strains of staphylococci, produce fibrinolysin. Cultures of Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus non-hemolyticus, enterococcus, pneumococcus, and other microorganisms proved to be ineffective. These findings were recently corroborated by Schmidt.2 The object of our investigations was to ascertain the significance of the composition of the culture-medium for the production of the fibrinolysin.The respective broths (with plain meat-infusion broth, pH 7.4 as a base), were inoculated and incubated at 37°C. for 18 hours. The cultures were centrifuged and the supernatant fluid tested for fibrinolytic activity according to the technique of Tillett and Garner.1The plasma used for the experiments was prepared by mixing 10 cc. of human blood with 1 cc. of a 2% potassium oxalate solution. The blood was shaken thoroughly and centr...
Hydrodynamic Model for Microscale Flows in a Channel With Two 90° Bends

Many microfluidic devices require serpentine channels to allow longer contact length within a compact area. The necessity of understanding the physical laws governing these complicated small geometries is crucial for better design of practical microfluidic systems. At micro-scales the continuum assumption of standard Navier-Stokes equation is no longer valid as the mean free path of the fluid becomes comparable to the dimension of the system. A finite element based hydrodynamic algorithm has been developed recently for analyzing slip flows through two-dimensional micro geometries. This paper documents numerical results for gas flow through a micro-column with two sharp 90° bends. The results obtained show increase in slip effect for higher pressure ratios. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such published report addressing microflow in this particular geometry.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings

Summary Relations between seepage flux and hydraulic properties are difficult to quantify in fluvial settings because of the difficulty in measuring these variables in situ. Tests conducted in a 1.5-m diameter by 1.5-m tall sediment-filled tank indicate that hydraulic gradient increased and hydraulic conductivity ( K ) decreased following the onset of downward seepage but both parameters were little changed following the onset of upward seepage. Reductions in K during downward seepage were more pronounced when surface-water current was sufficient to mobilize sediment on the bed. Averaged ratios of K determined during upward seepage to K determined during downward seepage ( K up /K down ) through a sand-and-gravel bed increased from 1.4 to 1.7 with increasing surface-water velocity, and decreased to slightly greater than 1 when the sediment bed became fully mobile. K up /K down for tests conducted with a silt veneer on the bed surface was greater than 2 for all but the fastest surface-water velocities. Substantial reductions in K also were associated with a silt floc that formed on the bed surface during and following test runs. Although the silt floc was typically less than 0.5 mm in thickness, most of the hydraulic gradient was distributed across this thin layer. K of the thin silt floc was reduced by two to three orders of magnitude relative to the underlying sediment. Directional bias in K and relation between K and surface-water velocity require the presence or absence of a layer of lower- K sediment at or near the bed surface, without which no reduction in K and corresponding increase in hydraulic gradient can occur at the bed surface. The lack of prior observation of the consistent bias in K associated with seepage direction is somewhat surprising given the numerous studies where K has been measured in fluvial settings, but may be explained by the small value of the bias relative to the typical uncertainty associated with field determinations of K . If shown to exist in field settings, this bias and its relation to fluvial processes will be relevant to many studies conducted in hyporheic settings that require determination of fluxes across the sediment–water interface.
Vegetal messenger RNA localization directed by a 340-nt RNA sequence element in Xenopus oocytes

Contained within a single cell, the fertilized egg, is information that will ultimately specify the entire organism. During early embryonic cleavages, cells acquire distinct fates and their differences in developmental potential might be explained by localization of informational molecules in the egg. The mechanisms by which Vg1 RNA, a maternal mRNA, is translocated to the vegetal pole of Xenopus oocytes may indicate how developmental signals are localized. Data presented here show that a 340-nucleotide localization signal present in the 39 untranslated region of Vg1 RNA is sufficient to direct RNA localization to the vegetal pole.
Crystal and molecular structure of cis 11-(p-iodobenzenesulfonyl)-11-azabicyclo[8.1.0]undecane

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca21, with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions a = 17.552 ± .003, b = 8.235 ± .0008 and c = 11.914 ± .001 A. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by full matrix least squares to a final value of R = 0.055 for the 740 independently measured, statistically significant reflections. The conformation of the cyclodecane ring in the bicyclic system differs from the idealized cyclodecane ring based on conformational studies and previous x-ray determinations of simpler systems. The differences in conformation are discussed.
Best Practices in Technology and Language Teaching

Language teaching can be enhanced by effective uses of educational technology. Based on research findings in language acquisition and computer-assisted language learning, best practices take into account effective language pedagogy, and appropriate roles of technology. Best practices in using technology to support language teaching and learning see technology as a tool that can enhance teaching and learning by augmenting input, providing additional opportunities for language practice, and serving as a platform for interaction and tasks-based learning activities.
Magnetic susceptibility of solid O2 as a function of pressure and magnetic field

Abstract The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of solid oxygen was measured under the influence of pressure and magnetic field. The results shed light on the nature of the α-β transition.
Performance of V?Cr?Ti alloys in a hydrogen environment

A systematic study is underway at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate the mechanical properties of several V-Cr-Ti alloys after exposure to environments containing hydrogen at various partial pressures. The goal is to correlate the chemistry of the exposure environment with hydrogen uptake by the samples and with the resulting influence on microstructures and tensile properties of the alloys. Other variables examined are specimen cooling rate and synergistic effects, if any, of oxygen and hydrogen on tensile behavior of the alloys. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of pH{sub 2} in the range of 3 x 10{sup {minus}6} and 1 torr on tensile properties of two V-Cr-Ti alloys. Up to pH{sub 2} of 0.05 torr, negligible effect of H was observed on either maximum engineering stress or uniform and total elongation. However, uniform and total elongation decreased substantially when the alloys were exposed at 500 C to 1.0 torr of H{sub 2} pressure. Preliminary data from sequential exposures of the materials to low-pO{sub 2} and several low-pH{sub 2} environments did not reveal adverse effects on the maximum engineering stress or on uniform and total elongation when the alloy contained {approx} 2,000 wppm O and 16 wppm H. Furthermore, tests in H{sub 2}-exposed specimens, initially annealed at various temperatures, showed that grain-size variation by a factor of {approx} 2 had little or no effect on tensile properties. Also, specimen cooling rate had a small effect, if any, on the tensile properties of the alloy.
Classification of Half-Integer Resonance Dynamics

Slow extraction is accomplished at Fermilab by exciting a half integer resonance with quadrupoles and octupoles. The physics of this process can be idealized by a Hamiltonian of the form H = ( +cos(2 +/PHI/))J+(kappa+cos2 )JS = 1/4(pS+qS)(pS(kappa+1)+qS(kappa-1)) + 1/2( +cos/PHI/)pS+1/2( -cos/PHI/)qS - pq sin/PHI/, where q = 2J sin and p = 2J cos . The angle-action pair ( ,J) are canonically conjugate variables; q represents horizontal displacement from an equilibrium orbit, scaled by betatron functions and by the ratio of quadrupole to octupole harmonics. The three control parameters , kappa, and /PHI/, are related to the distributions and strengths of quadrupoles and octupoles around the accelerator: is the difference between the tune and the half integer n/2, scaled by the nth harmonic quadrupole driving term; kappa is the ratio of Oth to nth harmonic octupole driving terms; and /PHI/ is the relative phase between the octupole and quadrupole harmonics. The allowed dynamics of this system have been classified by mapping its transition boundary, the catastrophe and Maxwell surfaces in the ( , kappa, /PHI/) control space. We describe some results here.
The role of the college classroom climate on academic procrastination

Abstract Given the prevalence of academic procrastination in the college environment, research has focused on determining the personality traits that may influence procrastination, but not as much work has been devoted to examining the contextual factors that may elicit this behavior. Therefore, in the current study, path analysis was conducted to examine the joint effects of several aspects of the college classroom climate on procrastination directly and indirectly through motivational beliefs. The study sample consisted of 248 students enrolled in undergraduate mathematics courses. Among the classroom climate dimensions investigated, results indicated that course situational interest was a direct negative predictor of academic procrastination. Findings also suggested that self-efficacy mediated the effect of instructor organization/support on procrastination, whereas, task value mediated the effects of instructor organization/support and course situational interest on procrastination. These findings may be useful to instructors in creating a course environment that promotes adaptive motivational beliefs and inhibits procrastination.
Nonlinear feature extraction methods for removing temperature effects in multi-mode guided-waves in pipes

Ultrasonic guided-waves propagating in pipes with varying environmental and operational conditions (EOCs) are usually the results of complex superposition of multiple modes travelling in multiple paths. Among all of the components forming a complex guided-wave signal, the arrivals scattered by damage (so called scatter signal) are of importance for damage diagnosis purposes. This paper evaluates the potentials of nonlinear decomposition methods for extracting the scatter signal from a multi-modal signal recorded from a pipe under varying temperatures. Current approaches for extracting scatter signal can be categorized as (A) baseline subtraction methods, and (B) linear decomposition methods. In this paper, we first illustrate, experimentally, the challenges for applying these methods on multi-modal signals at varying temperatures. To better analyze the experimental results, the effects of temperature on multi-modal signals are simulated. The simulation results show that different wave modes may have significantly different sensitivities to temperature variations. This brings about challenges such as shape distortion and nonlinear relations between the signals recorded at different temperatures, which prevent the aforementioned methods to be extensible to wide range of temperatures. In this paper, we examine the potential of a nonlinear decomposition method, namely nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA), for removing the nonlinear relation between the components of a multi-modal guided-wave signal, and thus, extracting the scatter signal. Ultrasonic pitch-catch measurements from an aluminum pipe segment in a thermally controlled laboratory are used to evaluate the detection performance of the damage-sensitive features extracted by the proposed approach. It is observed that NLPCA can successfully remove nonlinear relations between the signal bases, hence extract scatter signal, for temperature variations up to 10℃, with detection accuracies above 99%.
THE LEE-WICK STANDARD MODEL

This article reviews some recent work on a version of the standard model (the Lee-Wick standard model) that contains higher derivative kinetic terms that improve the convergence of loop diagrams removing the quadratic divergence in the Higgs boson mass. Naively higher derivative theories of this type are not acceptable since the higher derivative terms either cause instabilities (from negative energies) or a loss of unitarity (from negative norm states). Lee and Wick provided an interpretation for such theories arguing that theories with higher derivative kinetic terms can be unitary and stable if the states associated with the massive propagator poles, that arise from the higher derivatives, have widths and hence decay and are not in the spectrum of the theory.
Treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma in pregnancy with cisplatin-based chemotherapy

Malignant ovarian neoplasms associated with pregnancy are uncommon, and the majority of these are Stage I. While adjuvant chemotherapy for germ cell tumors during pregnancy has been reported, only one previous report exists on the use of cisplatin-based chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian carcinomas during pregnancy. A patient with Stage III cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary treated during pregnancy with five courses of dose-intensive cisplatin and cyclophosphamide is presented. No adverse fetal effects secondary to cisplatin-based chemotherapy were noted. A review of the literature is presented.
Belief states and the uses of evidence.

This article attempts to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing cognitions by representing them as probability distributions in a space of possible objective states. The author believes that there are several potential advantages of this approach; first, it permits quantitative comparison or combination of the measured beliefs of different individuals or of the beliefs of the same person at different times; and second, the effects of external evidence can be described conveniently as mathematical operations on the existing belief state.
SASSY: A Framework for Self-Architecting Service-Oriented Systems

Making architectural decisions manually in the presence of quality-of-service trade-offs can be complicated. The SASSY (Self-architecting Software Systems) framework automatically generates candidate software architectures and selects the one that best serves stakeholder-defined, scenario-based quality-of-service (QoS) goals. This lets domain experts concentrate on functional and QoS requirements. SASSY reduces the effort of composing service-oriented systems by automatically generating the QoS-optimized architecture and rapidly reconfiguring it at runtime. Self-architecting occurs during initial system deployment and at runtime, thus making systems self-adaptive, self-healing, self-managing, and self-optimizing.