cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A diffusion modeling approach to understanding contextual cueing effects in children with ADHD

Background Strong theoretical models suggest implicit learning deficits may exist among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method We examine implicit contextual cueing (CC) effects among children with ADHD (n = 72) and non-ADHD Controls (n = 36). Results Using Ratcliff's drift diffusion model, we found that among Controls, the CC effect is due to improvements in attentional guidance and to reductions in response threshold. Children with ADHD did not show a CC effect; although they were able to use implicitly acquired information to deploy attentional focus, they had more difficulty adjusting their response thresholds. Conclusions Improvements in attentional guidance and reductions in response threshold together underlie the CC effect. Results are consistent with neurocognitive models of ADHD that posit subcortical dysfunction but intact spatial attention, and encourage the use of alternative data analytic methods when dealing with reaction time data.
The effects of diethylstilbestrol and medroxyprogesterone acetate on kinetics and production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Alterations in the metabolism of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced by diethylstilbestrol (DES) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) could account for the beneficial therapeutic effect of these agents in prostatic carcinoma. To investigate this possibility we studied plasma kinetics of T and DHT in 17 elderly patients with prostatic carcinoma, before and after treatment with DES (1 or 5 mg/d) or MPA (10 or 30 mg/d) for 30 days. Metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were determined with the single injection technique and by use of a two compartment model, plasma concentrations (PC) of T and DHT by radioimmunoassay, the per cent of T bound to plasma protein (T-bindimg) by charcoal adsorption of the unbound steroid. Production rate (PR) and PC of T were lower, PR and PC of DHT were higher in our patients than in normal men. With both DES regimens, PR, PC and MCR of either androgen declined; however, T was suppressed to a much greater extent than DHT. In either instance, the decrease may have be...
Spin-orbit resonance and the evolution of compact binary systems

Starting with a post-Newtonian description of compact binary systems, we derive a set of equations that describes the evolution of the orbital angular momentum and both spin vectors during inspiral. We find regions of phase space that exhibit resonance behavior, characterized by small librations of the spin vectors around a fixed orientation. Because of the loss of energy and orbital angular momentum through radiation reaction, systems can eventually be captured into these resonance orientations. By investigating the long-term evolution of compact binaries with a variety of initial conditions, we find that the distribution in parameter space can be strongly affected by resonance captures. This has the effect of significantly reducing the size of search space for gravitational wave sources, in turn improving the chances of detecting such sources through methods of template matching. Furthermore, by calculating the expected spin distribution at the end of the inspiral phase, we can predict what are the most likely initial conditions for the plunge phase, a result of great interest for numerical relativity calculations.
A synapomorphic disulfide bond is critical for the conformational stability and cytotoxicity of an amphibian ribonuclease

Onconase® (ONC) is a homolog of ribonuclease A (RNase A) that has unusually high conformational stability and is toxic to human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ONC and its amphibian homologs have a C-terminal disulfide bond, which is absent in RNase A. Replacing this cystine with a pair of alanine residues greatly decreases the conformational stability of ONC. In addition, the C87A/C104A variant is 10-fold less toxic to human leukemia cells. These data indicate that the synapomorphic disulfide bond of ONC is an important determinant of its cytotoxicity.
Enzyme replacement in Gaucher disease.

The development of enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease was a triumph of translational medicine. What were the key steps in its development? What are the controversies surrounding its use?
Equity Return Performance from a Prediction Model of Meeting or Missing Analysts’ Forecasts

This article develops a trading strategy based on a prediction model as to whether firms will meet their analyst forecasts for the next two quarters. The author shows that a predictionmodel applied to quarterly data in a recent time period is profitable. In fact, hedge returns are positive for every calendar quarter from the third quarter of 2003 to the last quarter of 2007. Strikingly, the average return magnitude for the entire sample is about 17-23%, depending on the return metric used and the investment horizon (three or six months). This magnitude is similar to a return strategy with perfect foresight as to whether the firm will meet future forecasts, although the model is not perfect in its predictions. Further analysis reveals that this result is due to firms realizing significantly greater returns in the higher-probability deciles relative to the lower deciles, regardless of whether the firm ultimately met its future forecasts. Thus, it appears that the model provides information as to not only the likelihood of the firm meeting its earnings targets, but also how the market is likely to interpret this event at the time it occurs.
Sociological/ecological theories of emotional disturbance

This paper examines the approaches of sociological and ecological theorists to emotional disturbance in terms of their theoretical grounding in sociology and social psychology and the basic concepts deriving from this grounding. Various programs using these approaches are examined to clarify how the theories and concepts are implemented.
RICE--A Multi-Processor Acquisition and Analysis System Incorporating CAMAC

A two-processor data acquisition and analysis system incorporating CAMAC is discussed. The processors are a conventional mini-computer and a micro-programmed I/O processor which effects a programmable interface between the mini-computer and CAMAC. Hardware-software design considerations for a multi-processor acquisition and analysis system and procedural level computer/CAMAC interaction are also discussed.
Perception Based Associations in Time Series Data Bases

The paper discusses different aspects of the development of perception-based decision making systems. These systems are based on inference procedures transforming associations extracted from the time series data bases into generalized-constraint inference rules. Different types of simple and composite perception based constraints are discussed. Various measures of association between time series in the presence of perception based constraints are considered: association rules, association rules with perception based frequencies, correlation rules, and local trend associations based on moving approximations. Finally, the methods of transformation of these associations into the inference rules that can be used in perception based reasoning are proposed.
Fermi-liquid effects in transresistivity in quantum Hall double layers near ν=1/2

We present theoretical studies of the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the Coulomb drag transresistivity between two parallel layers of two-dimensional electron gases in the quantum Hall regime near half-filling of the lowest Landau level. It is shown that Fermi-liquid interactions between the relevant quasi-particles can significantly affect the transresistivity, providing its independence of the interlayer spacing for spacings that take values reported in the experiments. The obtained results agree with the experimental evidence.
Comparative Relationship Stability of Lesbian Mother and Heterosexual Mother Families: A Review of Evidence

It has been concluded from a review of the literature involving only one study that lesbian parents were more likely to have unstable relationships. Other scholars have struggled with considerable controversy over how much was or was not known about the stability of lesbian parent relationships as well as whether such relationships were more or less stable than heterosexual parent relationships. Arguments have been made on all sides of the issues. A careful review of the literature suggests that more is known about the stability of lesbian parent relationships than previously suspected and that, on average, such relationships tend to be less stable than those of married heterosexual parents. Less is understood about the factors that may influence relationship stability for gay or lesbian parents, creating a critical need for additional research, especially with different demographic subgroups of lesbian and gay parents.
The fine structure of muscle spindles in the lumbrical muscles of the rat.

Lumbrical muscles of young rats were fixed with OsO4 and embedded in methacrylate for electron microscopy. The spindle capsule was found to be continuous with and similar in structure to the sheath of Henle surrounding the nerves supplying the spindle. The capsule consists of several closely applied concentric cytoplasmic sheets. Each sheet is about 1,000 A thick and has no fenestrations. Many caveolae and vesicles in the cytoplasm suggest active transport through the sheets. The periaxial space fluid contains much solid material. It is suggested that the capsule and periaxial space regulate internal chemical environment. The interfibrillar structures are less evident in the polar regions of intrafusal fibres than in extrafusal fibres. Simple motor end-plates occur on the polar regions of intrafusal fibres. In the myotube region of the intrafusal fibre a peripheral zone of myofibrils surrounds a cytoplasmic core containing nuclei, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, reticulum, and a few lipid-like granules. Naked sensory endings lie on the myotube "in parallel" with the underlying myofilaments. Naked processes of the primary sensory ending deeply indent the muscle plasma membrane and the underlying wisps of myofilament in the nuclear bag region. The plasma membranes of sensory nerve ending and intrafusal muscle fibre are about 200 A apart.
Economic growth and generalized depreciation

Abstract This note is intended to demonstrate the robustness of the exponential assumption regarding depreciation in the Solow neoclassical one sector model of economic growth. Specifically, we shall show that for virtually any pattern of depreciation, there exists an average depreciation rate that replaces the exponential one in the stationary state equation and, for the usual neoclassical version of the production function, the capital-labor ratio converges to a steady state.
User authentication by cognitive passwords: an empirical assessment

The concept of cognitive passwords is introduced, and their use as a method to overcome the dilemma of passwords that are either difficult to remember or easily guessed is suggested. Cognitive passwords are based on personal facts, interests, and opinions that are likely to be easily recalled by a user. A brief dialogue between a user and a system, where a user provides a system with exact answers to a rotating set of questions, is suggested to replace the traditional authentication method using a single password. The findings of an empirical investigation focusing on memorability and ease-of-guessing of cognitive passwords, are reported. They demonstrate that cognitive passwords are easier to recall than conventional passwords, while being difficult for others, even those close to the users, to guess. >
INFLUENCE OF LIGATION OF PANCREATIC DUCTS OF DOGS UPON SERUM AMYLASE CONCENTRATION

A sharp contrast has been demonstrated in regard to the post-operative amylase concentration of the sera of dogs, depending upon whether ligation of the pancreatic ducts was or was not a part of an otherwise prescribed operation. The characteristic feature is a marked rise of several hundred per cent in serum amylase concentration, sustained for several days, which is observed when the pancreatic ducts have been ligated.
Development of Long-term Spatiotemporal Models for Ambient Ozone in Six Metropolitan regions of the United States: The MESA Air Study.

Abstract Background Current epidemiologic studies rely on simple ozone metrics which may not appropriately capture population ozone exposure. For understanding health effects of long-term ozone exposure in population studies, it is advantageous for exposure estimation to incorporate the complex spatiotemporal pattern of ozone concentrations at fine scales. Objective To develop a geo-statistical exposure prediction model that predicts fine scale spatiotemporal variations of ambient ozone in six United States metropolitan regions. Methods We developed a modeling framework that estimates temporal trends from regulatory agency and cohort-specific monitoring data from MESA Air measurement campaigns and incorporates land use regression with universal kriging using predictor variables from a large geographic database. The cohort-specific data were measured at home and community locations. The framework was applied in estimating two-week average ozone concentrations from 1999 to 2013 in models of each of the six MESA Air metropolitan regions. Results Ozone models perform well in both spatial and temporal dimensions at the agency monitoring sites in terms of prediction accuracy. City-specific leave-one (site)-out cross-validation R 2 accounting for temporal and spatial variability ranged from 0.65 to 0.88 in the six regions. For predictions at the home sites, the R 2 is between 0.60 and 0.91 for cross-validation that left out 10% of home sites in turn. The predicted ozone concentrations vary substantially over space and time in all the metropolitan regions. Conclusion Using the available data, our spatiotemporal models are able to accurately predict long-term ozone concentrations at fine spatial scales in multiple regions. The model predictions will allow for investigation of the long-term health effects of ambient ozone concentrations in future epidemiological studies.
Facilitation Across Cultures in the Online Classroom

The author explores how cultural differences manifest themselves in online course settings, including how instructors identify these differences and perceive their roles in the classroom with respect to facilitating across multiple cultures.Â The author also analyzes how instructors perceive the importance of culture in the classroom and how these perceptions affect facilitation strategies.Â Findings point to the significance of seeking out cultural differences early in a course and how instructor-student interactions allow for a deeper understanding of misunderstood issues or course content. The author describes key strategies that are essential to identifying and facilitating cultural awareness in the online classroom, as well as creating a safe space for discussion.
LIMITS TO BEHAVIORAL EVOLUTION: THE QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF A COMPLEX TRAIT UNDER DIRECTIONAL SELECTION

Replicated selection experiments provide a powerful way to study how “multiple adaptive solutions” may lead to differences in the quantitative–genetic architecture of selected traits and whether this may translate into differences in the timing at which evolutionary limits are reached. We analyze data from 31 generations (n = 17,988) of selection on voluntary wheel running in house mice. The rate of initial response, timing of selection limit, and height of the plateau varied significantly between sexes and among the four selected lines. Analyses of litter size and realized selection differentials seem to rule out counterposing natural selection as a cause of the selection limits. Animal-model analyses showed that although the additive genetic variance was significantly lower in selected than control lines, both before and after the limits, the decrease was not sufficient to explain the limits. Moreover, directional selection promoted a negative covariance between additive and maternal genetic variance over the first 10 generations. These results stress the importance of replication in selection studies of higher-level traits and highlight the fact that long-term predictions of response to selection are not necessarily expected to be linear because of the variable effects of selection on additive genetic variance and maternal effects.
the role of Discriminative stimuli in the sunk cost effect

We employed a behavior-analytic analog of the sunk cost effect in which all trials started out with a short expected ratio to an imaginary monetary reward, but some trials assumed a longer expected ratio part way through the trial. Subjects had the (preferable) option of “escaping” the trial if the longer expected ratio had come into effect in order to bring on a new trial that again had a short expected ratio. With a between-subjects design we tested whether the presence of discriminative stimuli correlated with the expected ratios would affect escaping behavior. In one condition, such stimuli were present; in the other condition, they were absent. Subjects persisted significantly more in the condition where discriminative stimuli were absent.
U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronology of northern Salinian basement and cover rocks

Salinia is an out-of-place granitic terrane in central coastal California whose debated origin is critical to understanding the tectonic history of southwestern North America. Salinian metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks that respectively host and cover its predominant arc rocks should contribute important data about its origin and kinematic history, but pervasive intrusion, high-grade metamorphism and Cenozoic erosion of the Salinian block have inhibited their widespread characterization and correlation. To further address these problems, we report 605 U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronologic ages collected by laser-ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) from seven Salinian metasedimentary framework (Sur Series) and sedimentary cover samples. Samples collected from the Sur Series contain Late Archean (2.5–2.9 Ga), late Paleoproterozoic (1.6–1.9 Ga), Mesoproterozoic (0.9–1.5 Ga), Neoproterozoic (0.65–0.8 Ga), Paleozoic (250–450 Ma), and possibly Mesozoic U-Pb detrital-zircon ages. Samples collected from Upper Cretaceous cover units have various age-peak distributions, which collectively include late Paleoproterozoic (1.6–1.8 Ga), early Mesoproterozoic (1.35– 1.55 Ga), Permo-Triassic (220–290 Ma), and Jurassic-Cretaceous (80–190 Ma) peaks. From these data, several interpretations are made. (1) Maximum depositional ages of the Sur Series and cover intervals are 280– 360 Ma and 78–90 Ma, respectively. (2) The presence of Late Archean, early Paleoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic zircons in Salinian metasedimentary rocks suggest that uplift and erosion of adjacent basins recycled sediment onto Salinia. (3) The abundant pre-Mesoproterozoic detrital-zircon ages in Sur Series and cover units preclude the possibility that Salinia originated in southern Mexico, as has been previously suggested. (4) Five of six key detrital-zircon age peaks identifi ed in Salinian basement and cover units are nowhere more closely arranged than in the Mojave Desert–Peninsular Ranges region of Baja and southern Alta California. (5) Paleozoic and early Mesozoic detrital zircons in Sur Series and cover units match the ages of several plutonic events that occurred along the western margin of North America—however, Permian ages favor a Mojave Desert origin over other candidates. Collectively, these and other data suggest that Salinia resided in the Mojave Desert–Peninsular Ranges region from the late Paleozoic until the Late Cretaceous, after which it was rapidly exhumed, deposited upon, and then translated outboard and northward to its current position.
CATEGORIAL AND NON-CATEGORIAL LANGUAGES

We study the formal and linguistic properties of a class of parenthesis-free categorial grammars derived from those of Ades and Steedman by varying the set of reduction rules. We characterize the reduction rules capable of generating context-sensitive languages as those having a partial combination rule and a combination rule in the reverse direction. We show that any categorial language is a permutation of some context-free language, thus inheriting properties dependent on symbol counting only. We compare some of their properties with other contemporary formalisms.
Monochromatic 4-term arithmetic progressions in 2-colorings of Zn

This paper is motivated by a recent result of Wolf on the minimum number of monochromatic 4-term arithmetic progressions (4-APs, for short) in Z"p, where p is a prime number. Wolf proved that there is a 2-coloring of Z"p with 0.000386% fewer monochromatic 4-APs than random 2-colorings; the proof is probabilistic. In this paper, we present an explicit and simple construction of a 2-coloring with 9.3% fewer monochromatic 4-APs than random 2-colorings. This problem leads us to consider the minimum number of monochromatic 4-APs in Z"n for general n. We obtain both lower bound and upper bound on the minimum number of monochromatic 4-APs in Z"n. Wolf proved that any 2-coloring of Z"p has at least (1/16+o(1))p^2 monochromatic 4-APs. We improve this lower bound to (7/96+o(1))p^2. Our method for Z"n naturally apply to the similar problem on [n]. In 2008, Parillo, Robertson, and Saracino constructed a 2-coloring of [n] with 14.6% fewer monochromatic 3-APs than random 2-colorings. In 2010, Butler, Costello, and Graham used a new method to construct a 2-coloring of [n] with 17.35% fewer monochromatic 4-APs (and 26.8% fewer monochromatic 5-APs) than random 2-colorings. Our construction gives a 2-coloring of [n] with 33.33% fewer monochromatic 4-APs (and 57.89% fewer monochromatic 5-APs) than random 2-colorings.
Engineering the matrix microenvironment for cell delivery and engraftment for tissue repair

Cell-based therapies represent promising strategies for tissue repair, particularly in cases in which host cells, due to disease, age, or excessive trauma, are unable to repair the defect or deficiency alone, even with additional delivered therapeutics. Current cell therapies fail to address long-term engraftment or delivery timing and location and result in modest improvements with long term engraftment rates of less than 1%. In many cell therapy applications, an appropriate carrier must be used to deliver transplanted cells and promote cell engraftment and function for a successful outcome by providing the appropriate microenvironment for the interactions between transplanted and host cells. This review highlights important considerations for engineering the microenvironment for cell delivery and engraftment in tissue repair.
Identification of Adducts Formed by Pyridyloxobutylation of Deoxyguanosine and DNA by 4-(Acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a Chemically Activated Form of Tobacco Specific Carcinogens

The tobacco specific carcinogens 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N‘-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are metabolically activated to 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanediazohydroxide (7), which is known to pyridyloxobutylate DNA. A substantial proportion of the adducts in this DNA releases 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB, 11) under various hydrolysis conditions, including neutral thermal hydrolysis. These HPB-releasing DNA adducts have been detected in target tissues of animals treated with NNK and NNN as well as in lung tissue from smokers. Although their presence in pyridyloxobutylated DNA was conclusively demonstrated 15 years ago, their structures have not been previously determined. We investigated this question in the present study by determining the structures of products formed in reactions with dGuo and DNA of 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKCH2OAc, 3), a stable precursor to 7. Reaction mixtures from NNKCH2OAc and dGuo were analyzed by liquid chromatogra...
Suppressed acid formation by cofeeding of glucose and citrate in Bacillus cultures : emergence of pyruvate kinase as a potential metabolic engineering site

Microbial cultures typically produce acids when metabolizing the common carbon source, glucose. Acid production not only represents a waste of carbon, but its accumulation can limit cell concentration and culture stability, thereby reducing productivity. On the basis of prior work, acid production was attributed to be due to a mismatch between glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle capacities. To suppress acid production, a strategy entailing adding citrate to glucose minimal medium proved extremely effective. The effect of citrate on in-vivo flux distribution was quantified using a detailed flux-model. When the molar glucose-citrate ratio was varied between 3 and 6, a significant reduction in glycolytic flux and essentially complete suppression of acid formation was found as compared to chemostat cultures grown solely on glucose. Adding other biosynthetic precursors such as glutamine did not invoke the same suppression, thus indicating that citrate's effect is at the regulatory level. We hypothesized that the reduction of glycolytic flux in the presence of citrate results from its transport being coupled with the uptake of divalent metal ions. Citrate transport alters the intracellular balance of metal ions which in turn could trigger a sophisticated series of metabolic events leading to reduction of the activities of the pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase (PFK), the regulatory enzymes of glycolysis. On the basis of this scenario and other regulatory information, pyruvate kinase has emerged as a potential metabolic engineering site. It's deactivation in Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli strains is expected to yield constructs with a much lower tendency for making acid byproducts.
Is laparoscopic Heller myotomy superior to pneumatic dilation to treat achalasia

Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder that is characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax and by absence of esophageal body peristalsis, causing dysphagia, chest pain, and regurgitation of undigested food. The goal of treatment is to eliminate dysphagia by opening the lower esophageal sphincter, while preventing gastroesophageal reflux. The currently available treatment options include injection of botulinum toxin at the esophagogastric junction, endoscopic pneumatic dilation, and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM); all therapeutic approaches are palliative and centered on relief of esophageal outlet obstruction. With the widespread acceptance of minimally invasive surgical approaches to diseases of the upper abdomen, LHM combined with a partial antireflux procedure has been most commonly performed and is considered by many to be superior to pneumatic dilation. Although numerous studies have been conducted to compare LHM with pneumatic dilation, publication bias and heterogeneity in technique coupled with the relative rarity of achalasia have led to inadequately powered studies and confusion among providers regarding the optimal approach. Boeckxstaens et al1 performed a multicenter, randomized controlled trial involving 14 hospitals in 5 European countries to compare the 2 treatment options, endoscopic pneumatic dilation and LHM combined with Dor fundoplication. Eligible subjects included adult patients with a new diagnosis of achalasia and an Eckardt symptom score greater than 3. The Eckardt score is the sum of the symptom scores for dysphagia, regurgitation, and chest pain (0 [absence of symptoms] to 3 [severe symptoms]) and weight loss (0 [no loss] to 3 [ 10-kg loss]).2 Patients who had severe comorbidities, previous treatment of achalasia, previous esophageal or gastric surgery,
Intraspecific Variation in a Scorpionfly Newly Recorded from Texas and the State of Taxonomy of North American Panorpidae (Mecoptera)

Panorpa vernalis Byers is recorded for the first time from Texas, and represents only the second species of Panorpa documented from the state. Intraspecific variations between the Texas specimens and Byers' original description are discussed. A synopsis of the principal modern keys for identification of North American Panorpa is provided, and an argument for a modern taxonomic review of the Panorpidae of North America is presented.
Wilhelm Ritter: Teacher of Maillart and Ammann

This paper seeks to make the contemporary structural engineering profession aware of a 19th century tradition of education which has been almost lost. That educational tradition possessed ideas which do not go out of date and which can stimulate a healthy review of present research and teaching in structural engineering. A good case can be made for the judgment that the two greatest bridge designers of the 20th century were Robert Maillart (1872-1940) using concrete and Othmar Ammann (1879-1965) using steel. It is a remarkable fact that both had the same Swiss educational background and even the same professor for bridge design: Wilhelm Ritter (1847-1906). Because it seems correct to credit Ritter with direct influence, the substance of this present paper is to characterize that influence by briefly sketching first the engineering tradition within which Ritter studied, second his own career as a teacher and researcher in bridge engineering, and finally the ideas central to Ritter’s vision of bridge design.
An Analysis of Ethics Articles Published between 2000-2015 in the Journal of Accountancy and the Accounting Review

This paper considers the impact that financial scandals, the end of self-regulation in the audit industry, and the emergence of the Great Recession had on the subject matter, specifically on ethics, of articles that were published in The Accounting Review (an academic journal) and the Journal of Accountancy (a practitioner journal) from 2000-2015. This time frame was selected since many of the financial accounting scandals that led to passage of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) occurred during this period. In addition, the bursting of the housing bubble that led to the Great Recession and the subsequent economic recovery occurred during this period. The Accounting Review (TAR) and the Journal of Accountancy (JofA) were selected because TAR and JofA are arguably the leading academic and professional journals, respectively, in the accounting profession. The number of ethics-related articles increased substantially over the period 2000-2015 in both the academic and practitioner journals. However, different trends within the study period were found for each journal. The number of ethics articles in JofA, a practitioner journal, shows quick reaction and rapid fall-off after the period of financial scandals. By contrast, TAR, an academic journal, has maintained an increasing trend, despite concerns over the economy that developed during the recessionary years. This finding suggests that accountants will continue to be sensitized to the importance of ethics whether in the midst of an ethical crisis or not.
Product/Consumption-Based Affective Responses and Postpurchase Processes:

The author examines consumer affective responses to product/consumption experiences and their relationship to selected aspects of postpurchase processes. In separate field studies of automobile own...
Effect of Ovulation Upon Seasonal History in the Alfalfa Weevil

Larvae of the alfalfa weevil, Phytonomus posticus , occur sparingly throughout the summer after the greater number have become adults. They are too few to injure the third and fourth crops, upon which they occur, but they raise the question whether they belong to a second generation which might, under other climatic conditions, become injurious. To determine this point it was necessary to collect, dissect, and examine the reproductive organs of hundreds of female beetles of all ages. From the history of ovulation thus established, it is evident that the few surviving old beetles produce the late summer eggs and larvae.
1976 Amendments to Immigration & Nationality Act

The stated purpose of this new act is to eliminate the last vestige of unequal treatment under our immigration laws through abolition of the distinctions between Eastern and Western Hemisphere immigration systems. The Act will establish a preference system for the Western Hemisphere such as that system now in existence for natives of the Eastern Hemisphere. There will be a separate numerical ceiling of 120,000 for persons born in the Western Hemisphere, who are subject to numerical limitations. Within the 120,000 limitation, there is a per country limitation of 20,000 persons. The only country in the Western Hemisphere which substantially exceeds 20,000 persons per year at the present time is Mexico. Consequently, one could reasonably expect that substantial delays in the lower preference and the non-preference category will result from this law as it pertains to Mexico. In fact, when the new law becomes effective, all qualified registrants will fall into the nonpreference category. As persons begin to qualify in the preference classes, the 20,000 allotment for Mexico will be reached with very few numbers available for old registrants. Moreover, the other changes in the law will greatly curtail the number of qualified immigrants from Mexico. However, for the most part, the present delays experienced by all qualified immigrants from the Western Hemisphere of approximately 2l/2 years, will be eliminated. Persons will be permitted to immigrate, giving
Establishment of screening method and diagnostic criteria for inborn errors of metabolism by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Objective To establish a quick,easy,accurate and reliable screening method for inborn errors of metabolism(IEM) with Chinese specific diagnostic criteria. Methods Urea enzyme pretreatment-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(UP-GC-MS)was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of 168 characteristic metabolites including organic acids,amino acids,sugars,polyol,purines and pyrimidines in urine samples collected from 1 200high-risk IEM patients and 357 normal children.The reference value of characteristic metabolites obtained from the samples test results of 357 normal children were used to diagnose IEM and non-hereditary metabolic disorders.Results In 1 200high-risk patients,576(48.0%)were found no metabolic disorders and 624 were found metabolic disorders(52.0%)including61(5.1%)of IEM(47of methylmalonic aciduria,4of phenylketonuria,3of urea cycle disorders,2of propionic academia,2of multiple carboxylase deficiency,1of maple syrup urine disease,1of beta-ketothiolase deficiency and 1of pyroglutaric aciduria),19 of suspected IEM,and 544(45.3%)of secondary metabolic disorders.Conclusion UP-GCMS technique and diseases diagnosis standard built in our study are effective for IEM and non-hereditary metabolic disorders.
159 SUCCESSFUL USE OF INFLIXIMAB IN THE TREATMENT OF REITER'S SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT.

Introduction Reiter9s syndrome is one of the reactive forms of spondyloarthropathies. The clinical syndrome consists of a triad of asymmetric oligoathritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. It is also associated with characteristic mucocutaneous lesions. Various therapies used in the management are NSAIDs, antibiotics, and DMARDs such as SSZ or methotrexate. There is only 1 case report of successful treatment of Reiter9s syndrome with TNF-a blockers in an HIV+ patient. We report a case of Reiter9s syndrome treated successfully with infliximab. Case Report A 28-year-old white male presented with painful swelling of right elbow and ankle joints, urethritis, and lesions involving skin of soles of feet and penis. No other joint was involved. He also complained of fatigue, fever, and mild sore throat, but, otherwise, his review of systems, past, social and family history was negative. He was sexually active with one partner and denied any history of sexually transmitted disease. Pertinent positives on physical examination were synovitis of right elbow and ankle joints. He had extensive skin lesion on soles and penis consistent with keratoderma blennorrhagica and circinate balanitis. Laboratory workup was positive for a high WBC count of 13,700 cells/mm3, ESR of 82, and CRP of 11.1. Detailed workup of STDs, HIV, and systemic etiology was negative. Despite aggressive treatment with antibiotics, NSAIDS, prednisone, and methotrexate, he had persistent synovitis and worsening of skin lesions. Due to severity and resistance of disease to the conventional treatment modalities, infliximab therapy was instituted, which resulted in complete resolution of arthritis and skin lesions within 6 weeks of infliximab therapy. Discussion and Conclusion There is a lot of evidence supporting the use of TNF-a blockers in other seronegative spondyloarthropathies, such as psoriatic arthritis and AS, but there is only 1 previous case report of its use in Reiter9s syndrome. Although this use is intuitive, there is a theoretical potential as well as animal data suggesting its possible benefit. The successful use of infliximab in this patient with Reiter9s syndrome as well as rapid improvement in severe skin lesions and arthritis suggests a significant role of TNF-a in the pathogenesis of this disease. This is an encouraging preliminary result, and we suggest that the use of TNF-a blockers in Reiter9s syndrome should be further investigated.
Mortality in pediatric anesthesia

UNLABELLED In last the 50 years many studies have described the causes of mortality. In newborns and infants between 5 and 6 months the risk is higher. The heart is not developed as in older/grown child and these infants need more oxygen than the older ones. Probably, the interaction or interference of positive pressure ventilation with the neonatal circulation is an important cause leading to this pathology. In many studies the authors have identified this risk in the administration of alothane. A more comprehensive literature is needed about sevoflurane in order to know if it is effective. The incidence of complications with an was twice higher than the incidence with a pediatric anesthetists. In the 50s, there have been many changes in our operational METHODS Actually, we need more randomized and controlled studies to answer the question oh what is the cause of mortality and what we will be able to do in the future to prevent infant mortality in the operation room.
Low latency digital beamforming radar using aperture coding

A binary phase shift keying, space time coding approach to digital beamforming radar is considered for low latency estimation of range, velocity, and bearing angles of scatterers. Scattering information from all angles within the field of view is gathered during a single range/velocity acquisition and subsequent processing produces a range/velocity matrix for each beam direction. This coded aperture radar (CAR) approach provides range, velocity, and bearing angle estimates with low latency and requires only a single transceiver. These advantages are accompanied by a decrease in SNR as compared to conventional phased array and digital beamforming radars due to the fact that CAR receives less total energy. Furthermore, obtaining a sufficient number of measurements within an acquisition period to provide unambiguous estimation for a large number of bins may be impractical. Utilizing a reduced measurement set gives rise to "residual ambiguity," whose level is shown to be proportional to total received energy.
Miniresection of Small Peripheral Carcinomas of the Lung

A total of 499 miniresective procedures were done for lung carcinoma over a 29-year period to July 1986. The operations were carried out in three groups: patients in whom a previous resection had been done, patients with stage III carcinoma, and those with stage I or II disease. Overall, perioperative mortality was 2.4 per cent. Cumulative survival in 296 patients with stage I or II carcinoma was 52 per cent at 5 years, 31 per cent at 10 years, and 11 per cent at 15 years.
Vadose Zone Characterization for High-Level Waste Tank Closure

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is proceeding with plans for the ultimate disposal of approximately 380,000 m3 (∼100 million gallons) of high-level radioactive waste created as a byproduct of plutonium production and the processing of spent nuclear fuels. Critical to the successful disposal of this waste, which is kept in underground storage tanks, is the assessment of the volume and the constituents of the waste that remains at the tank sites after removal of the bulk of the material. The design of a system to characterize any waste which may have entered the vadose zone surrounding the underground storage tanks through leakage is the topic of this manuscript.
Left Twisting in the Wind: (T)ransgenders Are Protected by Title VII, But LGBs are Not. Can this Be Right?

For years Congress has rejected extending Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964's protection against workplace discrimination on the basis of race, color, gender, religion and national origin to sexual orientation and gender identity (LGBT) primarily because it believed it did not know enough about transgenders. In its April 2012 Macy v. Holder decision, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission responsible for enforcing the Title VII interpreted the gender provision in Title VII to include discrimination on the basis of gender identity. This meant that transgenders, who were the main reason gays were not given Title VII protection were now included in the law, but gays were not. This paper explores this interesting and unusual phenomenon and its implications for the law and workplace.
A comparative assessment of SNP and microsatellite markers for assigning parentage in a socially monogamous bird.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are preferred over microsatellite markers in many evolutionary studies, but have only recently been applied to studies of parentage. Evaluations of SNPs and microsatellites for assigning parentage have mostly focused on special cases that require a relatively large number of heterozygous loci, such as species with low genetic diversity or with complex social structures. We developed 120 SNP markers from a transcriptome assembled using RNA-sequencing of a songbird with the most common avian mating system—social monogamy. We compared the effectiveness of 97 novel SNPs and six previously described microsatellites for assigning paternity in the black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens. We show that the full panel of 97 SNPs (mean Ho = 0.19) was as powerful for assigning paternity as the panel of multiallelic microsatellites (mean Ho = 0.86). Paternity assignments using the two marker types were in agreement for 92% of the offspring. Filtering individual samples by a 50% call rate and SNPs by a 75% call rate maximized the number of offspring assigned with 95% confidence using SNPs. We also found that the 40 most heterozygous SNPs (mean Ho = 0.37) had similar power to assign paternity as the full panel of 97 SNPs. These findings demonstrate that a relatively small number of variable SNPs can be effective for parentage analyses in a socially monogamous species. We suggest that the development of SNP markers is advantageous for studies that require high-throughput genotyping or that plan to address a range of ecological and evolutionary questions.
Concepts of Childhood

In Chapter 1 the competing and often contradictory theories of child advocacy were reviewed. It was noted that the policies advocated sometimes will differ dramatically, depending upon whether the self-styled child advocate seeks to “save” or to “liberate” children. Assuming that both child savers and kiddie libbers sincerely strive to better the welfare of children, it is clear that their underlying premises about the nature of childhood differ. Child savers tend to perceive children as vulnerable and in need of special protections and entitlements. On the other hand, kiddie libbers tend to perceive children as more alike, than different from, adults, at least with respect to their basic status as citizens of the community. Moreover, those who seek to liberate children, although not denying that maturation is accompanied by increasing competence, tend to argue that children’s lack of competence often may be the result of their being deprived of opportunities for the exercise of responsibility and accordingly for socialization into self-determination (cf. Bersoff, 1983). Of course, there are others who perceive children as properly being deprived of such opportunities on political/economic (i.e., they don’t pay their own way) as well as psychological grounds.
Genomics and CSF analyses implicate thyroid hormone in hippocampal sclerosis of aging.

We report evidence of a novel pathogenetic mechanism in which thyroid hormone dysregulation contributes to dementia in elderly persons. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 12p12 were the initial foci of our study: rs704180 and rs73069071. These SNPs were identified by separate research groups as risk alleles for non-Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration. We found that the rs73069071 risk genotype was associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) pathology among people with the rs704180 risk genotype (National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center/Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Consortium data; n = 2113, including 241 autopsy-confirmed HS cases). Furthermore, both rs704180 and rs73069071 risk genotypes were associated with widespread brain atrophy visualized by MRI (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data; n = 1239). In human brain samples from the Braineac database, both rs704180 and rs73069071 risk genotypes were associated with variation in expression of ABCC9, a gene which encodes a metabolic sensor protein in astrocytes. The rs73069071 risk genotype was also associated with altered expression of a nearby astrocyte-expressed gene, SLCO1C1. Analyses of human brain gene expression databases indicated that the chromosome 12p12 locus may regulate particular astrocyte-expressed genes induced by the active form of thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). This is informative biologically, because the SLCO1C1 protein transports thyroid hormone into astrocytes from blood. Guided by the genomic data, we tested the hypothesis that altered thyroid hormone levels could be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from persons with HS pathology. Total T3 levels in CSF were elevated in HS cases (p < 0.04 in two separately analyzed groups), but not in Alzheimer’s disease cases, relative to controls. No change was detected in the serum levels of thyroid hormone (T3 or T4) in a subsample of HS cases prior to death. We conclude that brain thyroid hormone perturbation is a potential pathogenetic factor in HS that may also provide the basis for a novel CSF-based clinical biomarker.
High pressure dielectric measurements and the theories for the dielectric constant of a liquid

The development of1,2 high pressure apparatus for the precise measurement of both the dielectric constant and the density over a range of temperatures has permitted a new examination of the low frequency dielectric behavior of liquids. In particular it has eliminated the need to change density by temperature alone so that purely density dependent changes in the dielectric constant can be separated from those due to temperature.
Deazaguanine derivatives, examples of crosstalk between RNA and DNA modification pathways

Seven-deazapurine modifications were thought to be highly specific of tRNAs, but have now been discovered in DNA of phages and of phylogenetically diverse bacteria, illustrating the plasticity of these modification pathways. The intermediate 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0) is a shared precursor in the pathways leading to the insetion of 7-deazapurine derivatives in both tRNA and DNA. It is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as toyocamacin. The presence of 7-deazapurine in DNA is proposed to be a protection mechanism against endonucleases. This makes preQ0 a metabolite of underappreaciated but central importance.