cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Segmental synaptic depression caused by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and sarin is reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the neonatal rat spinal cord.

Abstract The organophosphorus compounds diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) and isopropylmethyl-phosphonofluoridate (sarin) depressed the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) in spinal cords from 7- to 9-day-old male rats. The concentrations of DFP and sarin which depressed the MSR by nearly 50% were 100 μ m and 100 n m , respectively. Simultaneous superfusion of the cords with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) with either DFP or sarin resulted in a reversal of the depression. The depression caused by DFP was reversed to 95% of control by 100 n m TRH whereas similar reversal of sarin-induced depression required a 10-fold greater concentration of TRH. The potentiating effect of TRH was not affected by atropine even at a high concentration (1 μ m ) although atropine easily reversed organophosphorus-induced depression of the MSR. It appears that reversal of organophosphorus-induced depression by TRH might occur through a noncholinergic, TRH-sensitive receptor mechanism and may be unrelated to acetylcholinesterase activity. This action represents a possible utility of TRH as an adjunct in organophosphorus toxicity.
Role of Ca2+ in the early stages of murine adipocyte differentiation as evidenced by calcium mobilizing agents

We have investigated the effect of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin and the calcium ionophore A23187 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with either agent resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. The cells accumulated neither fat droplets nor the adipocyte-specific mRNAs encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and adipocyte-P2 (aP2). These late markers of differentiation were specifically affected, because thapsigargin and A23187 did not inhibit the expression of beta-tubulin mRNA. No inhibition of differentiation or the expression of the mRNAs occurred when the drugs were added either prior to or 2 days after the initiation of differentiation. Thapsigargin and A23187 were also shown to dramatically block cell proliferation and DNA replication, which occur early in differentiation. Furthermore, during the first 48 h, thapsigargin and A23187 mediated an elevated and prolonged expression of the immediate-early gene corresponding to c-myc, and altered intracellular levels of calcium. Our results suggests that changes in intracellular calcium levels elicited by thapsigargin and A23187 prevent differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes by blocking the postconfluent mitotic phase of the differentiation process and also by mediating c-myc gene expression.
Attomole level capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometric protein analysis using 5 .mu.m i.d. capillaries

In this correspondence the authors report the use of chemically modified 5-[mu]-i.d. capillaries for CE-MS of proteins. The authors have found that the use of small inner diameter capillaries results in greatly improved sensitivity in CE-ESI/MS, an approximately 25-50-fold improvement, for the detection of attomole quantities of injected protein. Previously, Moseley et al. have demonstrated femtomole level detection for peptide separation using approximately 15-[mu]m-i.d. capillaries where a continuous-flow fast atom bombardment interface was utilized, but the choice of capillary i.d. was largely dictated by their interface design, no particular sensitivity advantage related to capillary i.d. was suggested, and the ionization method used is inappropriate for proteins. To the authors knowledge this report demonstrates the first attomole range CE-MS results for proteins and, in particular, the first obtained with scanning MS detection. 19 refs., 2 figs.
The effect of feeding thyroprotein to dairy cows during the decline of lactation in successive lactations.

Summary Five cows were fed 15 g. thyroprotein daily during the declining phase of two successive lactations, and two other cows were fed thyroprotein in single lactations. Each of the cows fed thyroprotein was paired with a suitable control cow. Thyroprotein produced an increase in milk yield and heart rate and slight to insignificant changes in respiration, body temperature and milk fat test, as well as a loss of body weight. Body weight gains were resumed in 2 mo. following introduction of the thyroprotein and, at the same time, the average milk production and other physiological characteristics indicated that the treated cows again were functioning similarly to the controls. The histology of the thyroid gland of the treated cows indicated that it was almost inactive at this time. Following removal of thyroprotein when the cows were dried off, the cows continued to regain weight during 60-day dry periods and freshened apparently in normal condition. No harmful effect could be attributed to this moderate thyroprotein feeding either because of stimulation or of depression.
Topologies Invariant Under a Group Action

Abstract We study links between faithful group actions on a set and topologies on that set. In one direction, a group action has its invariant topologies (so we may regard members of the action to be homeomorphisms relative to those topologies); in the other direction, a topology has its preserving group actions (i.e., the subgroups of the homeomorphism group of the topology). This two-way passage allows us to discuss topological features of group actions as well as symmetry features of topologies.
GROWTH REQUIREMENTS OF DYSGONIC AND EUGONIC STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS VAR. BOVIS

The nutritional requirements of dysgonic and eugonic bovine tubercle bacilli were investigated in liquid Tween-albumin medium. The following conclusions were reached:- Dysgonic bovine tubercle bacilli require for multiplication long chain fatty acids which can be supplied as oleic, palmitic, or stearic acid whereas eugonic bovine strains can grow in the absence of fatty acid and can utilize glucose as a sufficient source of carbon. In the presence of fatty acids, the growth of dysgonic strains is increased by the addition of small amounts of glucose or glycerol, whereas large amounts of glucose or glycerol decrease the total growth and inhibit or retard the growth of small inocula. In glucose-fatty acid media, the growth of dysgonic strains is further stimulated by the addition of sodium glutamate, succinate, malate, or acetate. Sodium pyruvate enables dysgonic strains to grow rapidly in liquid media containing glucose or glycerol even in the absence of fatty acid. The significance of these findings for the mechanism of the variation from "dysgonic" to "eugonic" is discussed. The use of oleic acid-albumin agar without glucose permits the rapid isolation of bovine tubercle bacilli from natural sources.
Quantitative pharmacologic MRI: mapping the cerebral blood volume response to cocaine in dopamine transporter knockout mice.

The use of pharmacologic MRI (phMRI) in mouse models of brain disorders allows noninvasive in vivo assessment of drug-modulated local cerebral blood volume changes (ΔCBV) as one correlate of neuronal and neurovascular activities. In this report, we employed CBV-weighted phMRI to compare cocaine-modulated neuronal activity in dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout (KO) and wild-typemice. Cocaine acts to block the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters (DAT, NET, and SERT) that clear their respective neurotransmitters from the synapses, helping to terminate cognate neurotransmission. Cocaine consistently reduced CBV, with a similar pattern of regional ΔCBV in brain structures involved inmediating reward in both DAT genotypes. The largest effects (−20% to −30% ΔCBV) were seen in the nucleus accumbens and several cortical regions. Decreasing response amplitudes to cocaine were noted in more posterior components of the cortico-mesolimbic circuit. DAT KO mice had significantly attenuated ΔCBV amplitudes, shortened times to peak response, and reduced response duration in most regions. This study demonstrates that DAT knockout does not abolish the phMRI responses to cocaine, suggesting that adaptations to loss of DAT and/or retained cocaine activity in other monoamine neurotransmitter systems underlie these responses in DAT KO mice.
New techniques for efficient flexible wireless transceivers in nanometer CMOS

Nanometer CMOS processes have proven to be surprisingly effective for analog and RF design. New design techniques have greatly improved the efficiency of ADCs and RF interfaces and also enabled new flexibility. Moving to techniques that are more digital in nature allows fast and easy changes in architecture and performance. Furthermore, from the standpoint of energy efficiency there can be fundamental advantages to processing signals in the digital domain. This paper discusses digital dominant nanometer CMOS transmitter and receiver schemes that are the basis of flexible efficient wireless transceivers for the MAST platforms.
Effects of source-code optimizations on GPU performance and energy consumption

This paper studies the effects of source-code optimizations on the performance, power draw, and energy consumption of a modern compute GPU. We evaluate 128 versions of two n-body codes: a compute-bound regular implementation and a memory-bound irregular implementation. Both programs include six optimizations that can be individually enabled or disabled. We measured the active runtime and the power consumption of each code version on three inputs, various GPU clock frequencies, two arithmetic precisions, and with and without ECC. This paper investigates which optimizations primarily improve energy efficiency, which ones mainly boost performance, and which ones help both aspects. Some optimizations also have the added benefit of reducing the power draw. Our analysis shows that individual and combinations of optimizations can alter the performance and energy consumption of a GPU kernel by up to a factor of five.
Kinesiology taping and the world wide web: a quality and content analysis of internet-based information.

Background: Due to limited regulation of websites, the quality and content of online health-related information has been questioned as prior studies have shown that websites often misrepresent orthopaedic conditions and treatments. Kinesiology tape has gained popularity among athletes and the general public despite limited evidence supporting its efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to assess the quality and content of Internet-based information on Kinesiology taping. Methods: An Internet search using the terms “Kinesiology tape” and “Kinesiologylogy tape” was performed using the Google search engine. Websites returned within the first two pages of results, as well as hyperlinks embedded within these sites, were included in the study. These sites were subsequently classified by type. The quality of the website was determined by the Health On the Net (HON) score, an objective metric based upon recommendations from the United Nations for the ethical representation of health information. A content analysis was performed by noting specific misleading versus balanced features in each website. Results: A total of 31 unique websites were identified. The majority of the websites (71%) were commercial. Out of a total possible 16 points, the mean HON score among the websites was 8.9 points (SD 2.2 points). The number of misleading features was significantly higher than the balanced features (p < 0.001). Fifty-eight percent of sites used anecdotal testimonials to promote the product. Only small percentages of websites discussed complications, alternatives, or provided accurate medical outcomes. Overall, commercial sites had a greater number of misleading features compared to non-commercial sites (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Websites discussing Kinesiology tape are predominantly of poor quality and present misleading, imbalanced information. It is of ever-increasing importance that healthcare providers work to ensure that reliable, balanced, and accurate information be available to Internet users.
Success strategies of small states: the State of Qatar comparedto Switzerland, Singapore and Lebanon

Abstract This study compares the rapid evolution of Qatar to that of the disproportionally influential small states of Switzerland, Lebanon and Singapore. Though set apart by history and circumstance, these states share a set of common traits, including a limited size, high vulnerability to external shocks, diplomatic dexterity, a salient presence in conflict mediation, high reliance on imported migrant labor, export-led growth, as well as a drive to maintain an efficient infrastructure and a skilled human capital base in highly competitive economies. As of 2009, Switzerland ranked as the world's most competitive economy, Singapore towered as Asia's number one, while Qatar topped the Middle East and North Africa. Sources of success and vulnerability were two sides of the same coin. Openness to global trade and diplomacy allowed each state to market its skills and products beyond its size. At the same time, the paper contends that rapid global integration could lead to domestic dislocation, triggering compensatory governmental measures in response. The paper examines the respective responses of each state to the global credit crunch, spreading consumerism and geopolitical instabilities. The recent 2008 global recession acutely highlighted both the predicament of vulnerability, and the potential for superior resilience exhibited by these small states. The paper argues that while each state departed from country-specific comparative advantages (i.e. Qatar's hydrocarbon reserves, Singapore's port and high-tech industries, Switzerland's quality manufacturing and banking, Lebanon's financial services, education and tourism), the respective political leaders have espoused a similar paradigm of comprehensive social development. This study identifies the potential perils emanating from both within and without its borders, which, if averted, may allow Qatar to dispel the ‘rentier curse’ by establishing itself as a proactive leader in the fields of good governance and human development, further closing the gap with global frontrunners such as Switzerland and Singapore.
Cardiorespiratory and stress hormone responses during first dose surfactant administration in neonates with RDS.

Our hypothesis was that surfactant instilled into the trachea, followed by body positioning maneuvers utilized to enhance drug distribution, could alter hemodynamic function and stimulate the release of catecholamines. We conducted a prospective randomized study designed to compare the immediate physiologic effects of the first dose of Exosurf® NeonatalTM (5 mL/kg; n = 16) or Survanta® (4 mL/kg; n = 18), when surfactant administration was standardized with strict adherence to drug company protocol. Physiologic variables were monitored continuously. Arterial blood gases (ABG) and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured before, and 5 minutes after, surfactant administration. Both surfactants had an immediate effect on arterial oxygen saturation (S), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (P), and oxygen index (Ol). The improvement in oxygenation after surfactant therapy was similar fn both groups. There was no significant difference in the mean umbilical arterial blood pressure(ABP) following surfactant therapy in both groups. High concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (reflecting activity of the sympathetic nerves) and epinephrine (a measure of secretion from the adrenal medulla) indicate that preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) prior to treatment mount a substantial stress response. The currently recommended techniques for instillation of surfactant appear not to trigger a significant further surge of plasma catecholamines or to acutely change mean ABP. Alternatively, it may be possible that the lack of response was because catecholamine release was already maximal. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:246–249. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multiple imputation under the generalized lambda distribution.

Although the normality assumption has been regarded as a mathematical convenience for inferential purposes due to its nice distributional properties, there has been a growing interest regarding generalized classes of distributions that span a much broader spectrum in terms of symmetry and peakedness behavior. In this respect, the generalized lambda distribution (GLD) represents a viable choice. In this article, we conduct multiple imputation for univariate continuous data under the GLD to explore the extent to which this procedure works properly; and we make comparisons with normal imputation models via widely accepted accuracy and precision measures using simulated data that exhibit different distributional features as characterized by competing specifications of the third and fourth moments. Furthermore, we present an application using a clinical trials data from psychiatric research. Multiple imputation under the GLD that cover most of the feasible area in the skewness-elongation plane appears to have ...
Critical Evaluation of Dichlorvos’ Breast Cancer Risk

Abstract Dichlorvos was once a very popular and commonly used organophosphate pesticide. Dichlorvos applications were not restricted to agriculture. It was widely used as an insecticide in public places and in homes. Its many different non-agricultural applications created the potential for widespread exposure. Dichlorvos use was restricted in response to concerns about its cancer causing potential. For this report, we have used a modification of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) approach to conduct a detailed evaluation of any direct or related evidence of cancer risk from exposure to dichlorvos, with a focus on breast cancer risk. We have critically evaluated al I the available human, experimental animal, and cancer-related molecular and mechanistic studies on dichlorvos. Chemical and up-to-date regulatory information is included, as well as a discussion of dichlorvos’ environmental fate and potential for human exposure. We have classified dichlorvos in Group 3. In the Program on Br...
Characterization of Nanomaterial Dispersion in Solution Prior to In Vitro Exposure Using Dynamic Light Scattering Technique

The need to characterize nanoparticles in solution before assessing the in vitro toxicity is a high priority. Particle size, size distribution, particle morphology, particle composition, surface area, surface chemistry, and particle reactivity in solution are important factors which need to be defined to accurately assess nanoparticle toxicity. Currently, there are no well-defined techniques for characterization of wet nanomaterials in aqueous or biological solutions. Previously reported nanoparticle characterization techniques in aqueous or biological solutions have consisted of the use of ultra-high illumination light microscopy and disc centrifuge sedimentation; however, these techniques are limited by the measurement size range. The current study focuses on characterizing a wide range of nanomaterials using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy, including metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based materials, in water and cell culture media, with and without serum. Cell viability and cell morphology studies were conducted in conjunction with DLS experiments to evaluate toxicological effects from observed agglomeration changes in the presence or absence of serum in cell culture media. Observations of material-specific surface properties were also recorded. It was also necessary to characterize the impact of sonication, which is implemented to aid in particle dispersion and solution mixture. Additionally, a stock solution of nanomaterials used for toxicology studies was analyzed for changes in agglomeration and zeta potential of the material over time. In summary, our results demonstrate that many metal and metal oxide nanomaterials agglomerate in solution and that depending upon the solution particle agglomeration is either agitated or mitigated. Corresponding toxicity data revealed that the addition of serum to cell culture media can, in some cases, have a significant effect on particle toxicity possibly due to changes in agglomeration or surface chemistry. It was also observed that sonication slightly reduces agglomeration and has minimal effect on particle surface charge. Finally, the stock
Optical data processing and filtering systems

Optical systems, which inherently possess two degrees of freedom rather than the single degree of freedom available in a single electronic channel, appear to offer some advantages over their electronic counterparts for certain applications. Coherent optical systems have the added property that one may easily obtain many successive two-dimensional Fourier transforms of any given light amplitude distribution, or, by use of astigmatic optics, one-dimensional transforms can be obtained. Therefore, most linear operations of an integral transform nature are easily implemented. The optical implementation of integral transforms which are of importance to communication theory is discussed; the general problems of optical filter synthesis and multichannel computation and data processing are introduced, followed by a discussion of potential applications. Astigmatic systems, which permit multichannel operation in lieu of two-dimensional processing, are treated as a special case of general two-dimensional processors. Complex input functions are discussed with relation to their role in coherent optical systems.
A component model approach for the RCS validation of an electrically large open-ended cylindrical cavity

A novel RCS component prediction model approach to producing both fast and accurate scattering from an electrically large open-ended cylindrical cavity (circular cross section) is presented. The component model is a hybrid approach which easily permits individual scattering mechanisms to be coherently combined to produce a high fidelity signature. For this problem, the component model included scattering produced from the interior of the cavity calculated via the waveguide modal approach combined with the scattering produced from the cavity's finite thick rim opening (i.e., annulus) computed via the Method of Moments (MoM) and finally combined with the cavity's external base ring edge diffraction computed via PTD. Narrowband and wideband signature analysis for the circular cylindrical cavity configuration are presented to validate the component prediction model with static range measurements, and another prediction result computed using MoM for X- band frequencies and linear polarization. Excellent agreement is achieved among the data sets: measurement and prediction (component and MoM model).
Personalized Search Based on User Search Histories

User profiles, descriptions of user interests, can be used by search engines to provide personalized search results. Many approaches to creating user profiles collect user information through proxy servers (to capture browsing histories) or desktop bots (to capture activities on a personal computer). Both these techniques require participation of the user to install the proxy server or the bot. In this study, we explore the use of a less-invasive means of gathering user information for personalized search. In particular, we build user profiles based on activity at the search site itself and study the use of these profiles to provide personalized search results. By implementing a wrapper around the Google [10] search engine, we were able to collect information about individual user search activities. In particular, we collected the queries for which at least one search result was examined, and the snippets (titles and summaries) for each examined result. User profiles were created by classifying the collected information (queries or snippets) into concepts in a reference concept hierarchy. These profiles were then used to re-rank the search results and the rank-order of the user-examined results before and after re-ranking were compared. Our study found that user profiles based on queries were as effective as those based on snippets. We also found that our personalized re-ranking resulted in a 34% improvement in the rank-order of the user-selected results.
How Do Mothers Feel About Their Very Low Birth Weight Infants? Development of a New Measure.

Contexte: La relation precoce entre une mere et son bebe a tres faible poids de naissance (<1.5 kg, tres faible poids de naissance) peut etre difficile a evaluer. Objectif: Developper une methode utile et pratique pour decrire la relation precoce d'une mere avec son nourrisson de tres faible poids de naissance. Methodes: Des meres (âge moyen 27 ans, 46% mariees) de 119 nourrissons uniques (pas de jumeaux) de tres faibles poids de naissance (poids de naissance moyen 1056 grammes, âge de gestation 28 semaines) admis a l'unite de soins intensifs neo-natals a Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital ont rempli un nouveau questionnaire a propos leurs sentiments sur leur nourrisson a trois l'âge postnatal de trois semaines, a 35 semaines, a 40 semaines (terme), a quatre mois postmentruels. Une analyse de facteur des donnees initiales de l'entretien a ete utilisee pour construire des sous-echelles pour mesurer des domaines uniques des domaines uniques mis en hypothese pour etayer le debut de la relation mere-nourrisson. Resultats: Trois sous-echelles ont ete identifiees: la Sous-echelle Inquietude met l'accent sur les soucis de la meres a propos de l'etat medical present de son bebe et du developpement futur du bebe, la Sous-echelle Joie examine les sentiments positifs de la mere apropos de son bebe, et en reponse a son bebe, et la Sous-echelle Anxiete de Separation examine l'anxiete mentale de la mere quant au fait d'etre separee de son bebe. La validation statistique et clinique des sous-echelles a produit des preuves positives a l'appui du fait que les sous-echelles sont une mesure utile et positive de la relation mere-nourrisson.
Woody plant regeneration after blowdown, salvage logging, and prescribed fire in a northern Minnesota forest

Salvage logging after natural disturbance has received increased scrutiny in recent years because of concerns over detrimental effects on tree regeneration and increased fine fuel levels. Most research on tree regeneration after salvage logging comes from fire-prone systems and is short-term in scope. Limited information is available on longer term responses to salvage logging after windstorms or from forests outside of fire-prone regions. We examined tree and shrub regeneration after a stand-replacing windstorm, with and without salvage logging and prescribed fire. Our study takes place in northern Minnesota, USA, a region where salvage logging impacts have received little attention. We asked the following questions: (i) does composition and abundance of woody species differ among post- disturbance treatments, including no salvage, salvage alone, and salvage with prescribed burning, 12 years after the windstorm?; (ii) is regeneration of Populus, the dominant pre-blowdown species, inhibited in unsalvaged treatments?; and (iii) how do early successional trajectories differ among post- blowdown treatments? Twelve years after the wind disturbance, the unsalvaged forest had distinctly different composition and abundance of trees and woody shrubs compared to the two salvage treatments, despite experiencing similar wind disturbance severities and having similar composition immediately after the blowdown. Unsalvaged forest had greater abundance of shade tolerant hardwoods and lower abundance of Populus, woody shrubs, and Betula papyrifera, compared to salvage treatments. There was some evidence that adding prescribed fire after the blowdown and salvage logging further increased disturbance severity, since the highest abundances of shrubs and early successional tree species occurred in the burning treatment. These results suggest that salvage treatments (or a lack thereof) can be used to direct compositional development of a post-blowdown forest along different trajectories, specifically, towards initial dominance by early successional Populus and B. papyrifera with salvage logging or towards early dominance by shade tolerant hardwoods, with some Populus, if left unsalvaged.
Comparison of Intraoral Harvest Sites for Corticocancellous Bone Grafts

Purpose The aim of this study is to quantify and compare the amount of bone that can be harvested from the mandibular symphysis, ascending ramus/body, coronoid process, and the zygomatic-maxillary buttress using a within-subject study design. Materials and Methods Three continuous outcomes (area, thickness, and volume) were measured at 4 sites (zygomatic-maxillary buttress symphysis, ramus, coronoid) from each of the 59 cadavers used in this study. The explanatory variables were age, gender, and site. To account for the within-subject research design, a linear mixed-effects model was performed separately for each of the 3 outcomes to compare the sites controlling for age and gender. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results For all 3 outcomes, there was a statistically significant difference among the average values of the 4 sites (P Conclusions The characteristics among different potential intraoral donor sites vary greatly regarding thickness, volume, and cortical surface area. Using the estimates of the various yields derived from these grafts, a surgeon will be more adequately equipped to confront the reconstructive challenges of the maxillofacial region.
Synthesis and polymorphism of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols

Stereospecific 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols with even-carbon saturated fatty acyl chains of 2–16 carbons in length were synthesized. The polymorphic behavior and packing arrangements of the most stable crystal form obtained, from the solvent of crystallization, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Three different layered packing modes were identified: (a) double-layer diglyceride-type; (b) triple-layer triglyceride-type; (c) double-layer triglyceride-type. The first type of packing was represented by 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-unsubstituted, 3-acetyl and 3-butyryl-sn-glycerols packed in a bilayer with their long hydrocarbon chains in a parallel arrangement. In the second type of packing, shown by 1,2-dipalmitoyl 3-hexanoyl and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerols, the shorter acyl chains formed a middle layer interposed between 2 layers of the 1,2-palmitoyl chains ofsn-glycerol. The third type of crystal packing was exhibited by 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-dodecanoyl and 3-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycerols and tripalmitin, was analogous to trilaurin in which the acyl chains at the 1 and 2 positions of glycerol formed an extended, nearly straight line and the 3-acyl chain was folded to lie parallel and alongside the acyl chain at the 1 position. The intermediate member of the series, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol, exhibited both the second and the third type of chain packings when obtained from different solvents of crystallization.
Teaching Workplace Skills Through Integrative Exercises

This paper presents a set of three integrative exercises created to help college students develop workplace skills through simulation. Interviewing, listening, providing feedback, setting goals, empowering, coaching, managing change, handling conflict, and making decisions are clustered and modeled at intervals that synthesize course learning.
Plasma Heating and Current Drive

We must heat the plasma to about 10 keV to initiate fusion reactions, and, in a tokamak, provide a means to sustain the plasma current. Heating is done by the plasma current (ohmic heating) and with auxiliary heating using radio waves, microwaves, and high-energy neutral beam injection. Fusion product alpha particles also heat the plasma as they slow down. If alpha heating is powerful enough, the external auxiliary sources may be turned off (except if required for current drive in tokamaks). This chapter describes these heating and current drive systems, the hardware that they require, the current achievements, and plans for ITER.
Characterization and Predictability of Transient Heat Transfer in an Unstably Stratified Fluid Layer during Power Startup

We study transient heat transfer in unstably stratified fluid layers of importance to thermal management of power equipment. A novel experimental approach was developed and used to obtain thermal images of a heater surface during a power startup and convection pattern formation. We use a high-resolution infrared camera to characterize thermal responses of a vapor- deposited nano-film heater. The experiments were analyzed with a computational fluid dynamics code, using different numerical schemes and grid refinements. It was found that the three- dimensional model based on solving Navier-Stokes and energy equation is generally capable of capturing thermal and flow behavior, including pattern formation in unstably stratified fluid layers. It was also found that presence of non-uniformities of boundary condition may explain the early onset of instabilities observed in experiments as compared to predictions by the direct numerical simulation. Implications of the findings for thermal management are discussed.
Correct Views on the Achievements of Fire Forces

The correct views on achievements of fire forces should be based on five relations.First,the proper relation of the achievements view and the development view is the precondition;second,the proper relation of responsibility for upper and lower levels is the starting point;third,the proper relation of responsibility for the forces and local is the key;four,the proper relation of "Obvious achievements" and the "unspoken records" is the core;five,the proper dealing with the relations of "self-discipline" and "external-discipline" is the guarantee.
Non-patient-based clinical licensure examination for dentistry in Minnesota: Significance of decision and description of process

In recent years in the United States, there has been heightened interest in offering clinical licensure examination (CLE) alternatives to the live patient-based method in dentistry. Fueled by ethical concerns of faculty members at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, the state of Minnesota’s Board of Dentistry approved a motion in 2009 to provide two CLE options to the school’s future predoctoral graduates: a patient-based one, administered by the Central Regional Dental Testing Service, and a non-patient-based one administered by the National Dental Examining Board of Canada (NDEB). The validity of the NDEB written exam and objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) has been verified in a multi-year study. Via five-option, one-best-answer, multiple-choice questions in the written exam and extended match questions with up to 15 answer options in the station-based OSCE, competent candidates are distinguished from those who are incompetent in their didactic knowledge and clinical critical thinking and judgment across all dental disciplines. The action had the additional effects of furthering participation of Minnesota Board of Dentistry members in the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry’s competency-based curriculum, of involving the school’s faculty in NDEB item development workshops, and, beginning in 2018, of no longer permitting the patient-based CLE option on site. The aim of this article is to describe how this change came about and its effects.
New Electronic Tools to Support Accreditation Strategies

In addition to quality-improvement management strategies adapted from business, new software and Internet-based tools can be leveraged by colleges and universities in the accreditation process and beyond. Many institutions pursuing regional and specialized accreditation already use internal software for administration and teaching, and have now begun to use these tools for planning and implementing accreditation self-study efforts. For example, in the fall of 2002, the provost’s office at Northern Illinois University (NIU) was confronted with a project to craft a self-study document for regional accreditation by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (Askins 2003). The university sought to create a procedure that could effectively manage 12 committees of faculty members and administrators and a large amount of information. The institution knew that the committees were required to collect data, communicate information, coordinate the project workflow, and submit draft documents. The procedure created by the institution had specific requirements such as web-based information technology, secure access, and a dedicated subsystem for this purpose. In the light of these specifications, NIU decided to use their Blackboard electronic learning (e-learning) system, which is used for Internet-based course instruction. This system was already in use, and many faculty members and administrators already had good experience in using it and knew the system’s abilities and weaknesses. Since Blackboard was ready to be used immediately, there was no need for customization or creation of special software; it could easily be modified by users for specific projects.
ANALYSIS OF VSV GLYCOPROTEIN STRUCTURE AND GENOME STRUCTURE USING CLONED DNA

ABSTRACT We have determined the COOH-terminal and NH2-terminal sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G). The COOH-terminal sequence was deduced from the DNA sequence of a cloned DNA insert derived from the 3′-end of the G mRNA. The NH2-terminal sequence was deduced from the sequence of a DNA primer extended on the VSV genome from the M gene into the adjacent G gene. We have shown that an uninterrupted hydrophobic domain near the COOH-terminus of G spans the lipid bilayer and that the highly basic COOH-terminus resides inside the virion. The functional significance of both the COOH-terminal and NH2-terminal sequences is discussed. The sequences in the VSV genome at the junctions of the NS-M, M-G, and G-L genes were determined using DNA primers derived from cDNA clones. The junctions have the common sequence (3′) AUACUUUUUUU NA UUGUCNNUAG (5′) in which the underlined dinucleotide is the intergenic region. The sequence preceding this dinucleotide is complementary to each mRNA at the site of polyadenylation, and the sequence following the dinucleotide is complementary to the capped 5′-terminal sequence of each mRNA. Polyadenylation by repetitive copying of the 7 U residues and other possible transcription events at these junctions are discussed.
Thermal and thermodynamic performance, and pressure oscillations of refrigeration loop employing large micro-channel evaporators

Abstract This study explores the implementation of two large micro-channel heat exchangers as evaporators in a refrigeration cycle intended for thermal management onboard future space vehicles. Examined are thermal performances of the two heat exchangers, thermodynamic performance of the refrigeration cycle, and system instabilities. Because of quality differences, different two-phase flow patterns and dryout effects are encountered in the two heat exchangers. A trade-off exists between optimum performances of the evaporators and compressor, with former favoring outlet quality values below unity to guard against dryout, and the compressor favoring a quality equal to or exceeding unity to preclude internal damage to the compressor from entrained droplets. Thermodynamic analysis of the refrigeration cycle shows exergy destruction is minimum when the avionics HX’s outlet quality is close to unity. The system is shown to be susceptible to instability resulting from interactions between compressible volumes both upstream and downstream of the condenser, and inertia of liquid in the condenser. This instability is manifest by pressure oscillations that are sensitive to both flow rate and evaporator heat input.
Prognostic Implications of Extent of Resection in Glioblastoma: Analysis from a Large Database.

Objective To analyze the predictors for and clinical impact of gross total resection (GTR) in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Methods and Materials The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with GBM diagnosed from 2004 to 2013 with known survival and extent of resection. Patients were grouped based on extent of resection into biopsy alone, subtotal resection (STR), and GTR. Univariable analyses and multivariable analyses (MVAs) were performed to investigate factors associated with the likelihood of GTR and overall survival (OS) after diagnosis. Results A total of 27,865 patients met inclusion criteria. Factors associated with increased odds of GTR on MVA included later year of diagnosis, younger age, higher performance status, nonright-sided tumors, multifocal tumors, and O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase gene promoter non-hypermethylated tumors (each P < 0.020). Factors associated with improved OS on MVA included younger patient age, female sex, race, lower comorbidity score, higher performance score, smaller tumor size, unifocality, O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase hypermethylation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and facility volume (each P < 0.005). After we adjusted for each of these factors, compared with biopsy alone, GTR was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio 0.768, P < 0.001), whereas STR (grouped together) was not (hazard ratio 0.995, P = 0.930). Conclusions Although a prospective randomized trial on this topic is unlikely to be completed, this large retrospective analysis provides evidence to support the recommendation of GTR in patients with GBM. This study does not support a survival benefit of STR over biopsy alone (when grouped into these 2 groups), although there may be a subset of patients with near total resection who would benefit.
Heat transfer enhancement by induced vortices in the vicinity of a rotationally oscillating heated plate

Abstract The present study is conducted to investigate the flow field and its impact on the thermal characteristics in the immediate surroundings of a rectangular flat plate, subjected to rotational oscillations in a quiescent fluid. The plate is heated with a constant heat flux on both faces during its rotational motion about one of its edges. The induced flow and thermal characteristics were simulated experimentally and computationally using the dynamic mesh method. The flow around a fabricated laboratory model was visualized with smoke particles and the surface temperature was recorded using J-types thermocouples. During the plate’s flapping cycles, computational and experimental results exhibit the presence of strong vortices near the free edges. When shed off, these vortices participate significantly in the enhancement of the cooling rate of the heated surface. The time dependent surface temperature distribution is symmetrical and characterized by a transient unsteady periodic variation which precedes a steady periodic phase. The results of current investigations present an interest in the cooling of portable electronic devices and shed light in the elephant’s metabolic heat regulation by the flapping of its pinnae.
Jetblue Airways Versus American Airlines: A Competitive Dynamics Game

This exercise has been used in Darden's first-year strategy course in conjunction with the "JetBlue Airways versus American Airlines" case series and is appropriate for any strategy course in a module addressing competitive dynamics. The purpose of this game is to explore the interdependencies of firms in competitive decision-making situations. The game requires pairs of competing firms to make a series of decisions over 12 rounds, each representing one month in a calendar year. Teams consist of a VP, a Regulator, and one or more strategic advisers. At the beginning of every month, each team has to choose one of the two pricing options to use that period. Teams will be given cards representing the two options for their respective firms. At the end of 12 rounds, the Regulators will add up the monthly profits for each team and report them to the Facilitator, who will announce industry and firm profitability. To help with calculating profits, a spreadsheet (UVA-S-0250X) is available. Excerpt UVA-S-0250 Rev. Sept. 15, 2015 JetBlue Airways versus American Airlines: A Competitive Dynamics Game On Wednesday, January 7, 2004, JetBlue commenced service from Boston's Logan International Airport. The same day, American Airlines announced a new promotion, “Fly Two to the Sun,” offering its frequent fliers a free round-trip ticket to anywhere in the world if they took two nonstop flights from Logan. In response, JetBlue was considering offering $ 69 one-way tickets on most flights originating from Boston—a substantial 22% off normal fares. In anticipation, American Airlines contemplated a similar pricing move to keep current customers and to potentially scare JetBlue out of the Boston market. Analysts predicted that a price war would have two immediate effects: a moderate increase in demand, given lower fares, and a decrease in operating profit per available seat mile, given the decline in revenues. But if one airline adopted lower prices while the other did not, the economics would favor the one making the price cuts. In other words, the decrease in price would offset the substantial increase in demand one would receive as the sole low-price provider of air travel from the Boston market. (See Exhibit 1 for a full analysis.) In addition, in an internal analysis, American Airlines had estimated that for every new passenger who took advantage of low fares from American, there was a 5% likelihood that the passenger would enroll in American's frequent flyer program and become a loyal customer. American Airlines had found that such loyal customers were unlikely to abandon the airline even if fares increased compared to its rivals. . . .
The Cartographic Capital: Mapping Third Republic Paris, 1889-1934

Through official maps, this book looks at how government presentations of Paris and environs change over the course of the Third Republic (1889–1934). Governmental policies, such as the creation of a mandatory national uniform educational system that will eventually include geography, combined with technological advances in the printing industry, to alter the look, exposure, reception, and distribution of government maps. The government initially seemed to privilege an exclusively positive view of the capital city and limited its presentation of it to land inside the walled fortifications. However, as the Republic progressed and Paris grew, technology altered how Parisians used and understood their urban space. Rail and automobiles made moving about the city and environs easier while increased industrialization moved factories and their workers further out into the Seine Department. During this time, maps transitioned from reflecting the past to documenting the present. With the advent of French urbanism after World War I, official mapped views of greater Paris abandoned privileging past achievements and began to mirror actual residential and industrial development as it pushed further out from the city centre. Finally, the government needed to plan for the future of greater Paris and official maps begin to show how the government viewed the direction of its capital city.