cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chest impact experiments aimed at producing aortic rupture

There are a number of proposed mechanisms of traumatic aortic rupture. These experiments involved three different chest impacts that may be associated with aortic rupture. Eleven unembalmed cadavers were repressurized and impacted by a 24-34 kg mass at 8.6-14.9 m/sec. Three impact orientations were studied with the torso axis: (1) 30-45° up from horizontal and impact 28-45° clockwise of the midsagittal axis, (2) 105-130° up from horizontal and impact 15° counterclockwise, and (3) 75° up from horizontal and impact 15° counterclockwise. Spinal acceleration was measured at T1, T8, and T12 and chest compression was determined by high-speed video. Detailed autopsy determined injuries. Impact loads averaged 9.65 ± 2.45 kN and resulted in 52.8 ± 5.4% chest compression and 3.53 ± 0.94 m/sec Viscous response. The resultant spinal acceleration was 124.5 ± 105.4 g at T1, 141.3 ± 80.5 g at T8 and 89.3 ± 39.1 g at T12. The severity of impact resulted in multiple rib fractures and severe chest injury averaging AIS = 4.2 ± 1.0. There were four cases of heart laceration and one transection of the ascending aorta 20 mm from the cusp of the aortic valve. The impacts were severe enough that aortic rupture was expected; however, only one occurred. In retrospect, the position of the heart and aorta in the upright cadaver may not have been representative of the position during human injury, thus reducing the incidence of aortic rupture in these experiments.
Damage progression in compressively loaded laminates containing a circular cutout

A series of experiments have been performed to determine the mechanisms of failure in compressively loaded laminated plates in the presence of stress gradients generated by a circular cutout. Real time holographic interferometry and in situ photomicrography of the hole surface along with strain gauge measurements are used to study the progression of failure. The test specimens are multilayered composite flat plates that are loaded in compression. The laminates are made up of two material systems, T300/BP907 and IM7/8551-7. Two different lay-ups of both systems are investigated. The experimental results reveal that the failure is initiated as a localized instability in the 0 deg plies at the hole surface approximately at right angle to the loading direction. Subsequent to the 0 deg ply failure, extensive delamination cracking is observed with increasing load. The delaminated portions spread to the undamaged areas of the laminate by a combination of delamination buckling and growth, the buckling further enhancing the growth. '
Comparative analysis of prognostic indicators of aspergillosis in haematological malignancies and HIV infection

The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic factors influencing the outcome of aspergillosis in two models of immunodeficiency, namely haematological malignancies and HIV infection. The study is based on a 5 year prospective logistic regression analysis of risk factors, clinical features, radiological findings and therapy affecting the prognosis of aspergillosis in 43 patients, i.e. 27 haematological neoplastic patients (group A) and 16 HIV infected patients (group B). Univariate analysis indicated that neutropenia ( P = 0.02), haemoptysis ( P = 0.03) and concomitant AIDS ( P = 0.02) negatively influenced the prognosis of aspergillosis. Comparing the two groups of patients, significant differences emerged in the prognostic indicators. In particular respiratory failure ( P = 0.02) and radiological bilateral involvement of the lungs were associated with a poor prognosis in group A ( P = 0.04) and low ( 3 ) T CD4 + cell count in group B ( P = 0.02). At variance, a better prognosis was documented in patients treated with sequential therapy (amphotericin B and itraconazole) only within the group of haematological patients ( P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis sequential therapy ( P = 0.01) and AIDS ( P = 0.03) were independent prognostic indicators of aspergillosis. In conclusion, our prospective study indicates that aspergillosis, although an uncommon event in patients with HIV infection, has a more severe prognosis in comparison to haematological patients. Future prospective clinical trials are necessary to confirm the real importance of the sequential therapy, with amphotericin B and itraconazole, in patients with aspergillosis.
Metabolic control of enzymes in normal, diabetic, and diabetic insulin-treated rats utilizing 1,3 butanediol.

Abstract Diets containing 1,3 butanediol (BD) as a replacement of carbohydrate were fed to normal, diabetic, and diabetic insulintreated rats for two weeks. The diabetic animals fed BD survived longer than the diabetic animals on essentially the same diet without BD. The activities of malic enzyme in 105,000 × g. (1 hour) supernatant fractions of liver were determined. The PEPcK activity in liver was increased by 320 per cent in diabetic and by 240 per cent in diabetic rats fed the BD diet. Insulin decreased the PEPcK activity toward normal. In liver and adipose tissues malic enzyme activity was greatly decreased in diabetic and increased in diabetic insulin treated rats. The incorporation of radioactive bicarbonate into organic acids by liver mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase and the formation of intermediates for gluconeogenesis were examined. The concentration of metabolites in liver was also examined and all changes were found to be minimal. Oral administration of BD greatly increased blood ketone levels and the ratio of β-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate. Normal animals fed BD had significantly lower blood glucose levels. Liver perfused with BD also showed decreased glucose production from lactate. Analysis of metabolites from livers perfused with BD showed a large increase in the lactate to pyruvate ratios (from 13.1 to 81.0). Malate and aspartate were increased, whereas pyruvate, PEP, 2 PGA, and 3 PGA were decreased. It is concluded that BD exerts its hypoglycemic effect at the conversion of malate to oxalacetate and hence to PEP.
Durability of Hydrophilic and Antimicrobial Zeolite Coatings under Water Immersion

Gravity-independent water separation within the condensing heat exchangers onboard manned spacecraft is achieved by using hydrophilic fin surfaces that promote the wetting and wicking of the condensate on the fin. It is also important for the fin surfaces to be antimicrobial to prevent the bacteria growth that may thrive in the moist environment of the fin surface. For practical and economical reasons, the coating must also be durable under wet conditions. Ag-exchanged zeolite A (Ag-ZA) coatings have been shown to have excellent hydrophilicity and are highly antimicrobial. In this study we show that Ag-ZA coatings are highly durable under wet conditions, maintaining their hydrophilic and antimicrobial properties even after submersion in water for 8 weeks. The durability of the hydrophilic and antimicrobial properties of Ag-ZA coating make it a preeminent candidate for use in condensing heat exchangers onboard manned spacecraft. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Evaluation of the possibility of using damping wigglers in the Advanced Photon Source

The advanced photon source (APS) is a 7-GeV storage ring light source that has been in operation for over a decade. Over time, the performance of the APS has been increased by reduction of the emittance from 8 nm to 3.1 nm and by the use of top-up mode. We continue to explore options for improving the performance further. This paper discusses the possible improvements in emittance that could result from the use of damping wigglers. We also discuss rf and space requirements.
Clinicoradiological Correlation of Macropsia due to Acute Stroke: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Dysmetropsia (macropsia, micropsia, teleopsia, or pelopsia) most commonly results from retinal pathologies, epileptic seizure, neoplastic lesions, viral infection, or psychoactive drugs. Vascular lesions are an uncommon cause of dysmetropsia. Vascular hemimicropsia, although rare, has been more frequently described in the literature, whereas hemimacropsia from acute ischemic injury is exceedingly rare. We describe a patient presenting in the emergency room (ER) with visual perception disturbances characterized by a distorted perception of the size of objects, compatible with left hemimacropsia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed an acute occipitotemporal ischemic injury corresponding to the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory. The location of the lesion is consistent with previous case reports that suggest that hemimacropsia is associated with the occipitotemporal projection, which plays a decisive role in the visual identification of objects by interconnecting the striate, prestriate, and inferior temporal areas. The difference of our case as compared to previous case reports is that the lesion in our patient spared Brodmann area 17 (calcarine cortex) and therefore did not present symptoms of quadrantanopsia. Instead, the patient presented isolated hemimacropsia, therefore suggesting that the anatomical lesion causing hemimacropsia is located in the ventral portion of the occipitotemporal projection, more specifically Brodmann areas 18 (parastriate) and 19 (peristriate).
“Mycobacterium tilburgii,” a Newly Described, Uncultivated Opportunistic Pathogen

Molecular methods are increasingly used to identify pathogens that are difficult to cultivate. We report a case of disseminated infection with “Mycobacterium tilburgii,” a proposed species that has never been cultivated. The case illustrates the diagnostic utility of sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene directly from clinical specimens.
Place, Landscape, and Environment: Anthropological Archaeology in 2009

ABSTRACT Topics of current interest to anthropological archaeologists include the relationships between people and place, interactions between people and past environments, and responses by past societies to changes in the natural environment. In this article, I focus on recent considerations of past landscapes and the built environment. This research concentrates on such topics as architecture, the utilization of different environmental zones, and transitions from foraging to farming, one of the long-standing topics of interest to anthropological archaeology. Recent archaeological research also emphasizes climate change and warfare, topics that have relevance to current events and conditions in the modern world.
The 10-year course of psychosocial functioning among patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects.

Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Bradford Reich D, Fitzmaurice G. The 10-year course of psychosocial functioning among patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the 10-year course of the psychosocial functioning of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Method: The social and vocational functioning of 290 inpatients meeting both the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R) and DSM-III-R criteria for BPD and 72 axis II comparison subjects were carefully assessed during their index admission. Psychosocial functioning was reassessed using similar methods at five contiguous 2-year time periods. Results: Borderline patients without good psychosocial functioning at baseline reported difficulty attaining it for the first time. Those who had such functioning at baseline reported difficulty retaining and then regaining it. In addition, over 90% of their poor psychosocial functioning was due to poor vocational but not social performance. Conclusion: Good psychosocial functioning that involves both social and vocational competence is difficult for borderline patients to achieve and maintain over time. In addition, their vocational functioning is substantially more compromised than their social functioning.
The relationship between congestive heart failure, sleep apnea, and mortality in older men.

Study objectives To examine the association of sleep apnea with heart disease. Design Prospective study. Setting Medical wards at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System. Patients Three hundred fifty-three randomly selected inpatient men. Measurements and results Sleep was recorded for 2 nights in the hospital. Medical conditions were obtained from hospital medical records. Cox proportional hazards analyses indicated that patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) plus central sleep apnea (CSA) had shorter survival than those with just CHF, just sleep apnea (obstructive or central), or neither. Survival for those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or CSA and no CHF was no different than for those with neither disorder. Follow-up analysis showed that for those with no CHF, neither CSA nor OSA shortened survival (p > 0.80). For those with CHF, having CSA shortened the life span with a hazard ratio of 1.66 (p = 0.012), but having OSA had no effect. Patients with CHF had more severe sleep apnea than those with no heart disease. Conclusions This study does not clarify the issues of cause and effect, but does reinforce the strong associations between sleep apnea and heart disease in elderly men. These data suggest that people with coronary disease should be regarded as a risk group for sleep apnea.
Examining angler behavior using contingent behavior modeling: A case study of water quality change at a Wisconsin lake

[1] We use contingent behavior (CB) analysis to examine the potential impacts of a hypothetical change in the clarity of a lake. We collect and use both CB and revealed preference data to estimate a pooled negative binomial count data travel cost model. From this analysis we calculate the consumer surplus per angling party day for our case study lake to be about $104, or a total annual consumer surplus of $1.4 million. Using this consumer surplus measure and changes in the intended number of visits obtained from the CB survey, we estimate the loss in consumer surplus associated with a decline in water clarity from 10 to 3 feet (1 foot = 0.3048 m) to be about $522,000 annually (a 38% decrease). Since this is the first such application of CB analysis to estimate the effects of a water clarity change, the study may illustrate a method well suited to analyzing changes in water quality attributes that are easily observable and well understood by recreators.
RED LIGHT-INDUCED REDUCTION OF A PARTICLE-ASSOCIATED b-TYPE CYTOCHROME FROM CORN IN THE PRESENCE OF METHYLENE BLUE*

Abstract— In the presence of methylene blue, red light causes the reduction of a h-type cytochrome in particulate fractions from corn coleoptiles. Two types of difference spectra for the cytochromes in these fractions are presented: (a) red light-minus-dark in the presence of methylene blue, and (b) dithionite-reduced-minus-oxidized. Comparison of these spectra shows that photoexcited methylene blue selectively reduces a b-type cytochrome which constitutes at most only 30% of the total dithionite-reducible cytochrome present in the most active fractions. The photoreducible cytochrome has an alpha band at room temperature near 557 nm. Bleaching of methylene blue precedes cytochrome reduction under appropriate conditions, suggesting that the photoreduced dye is donating an electron to the cytochrome. This electron transfer does not involve a flavin, at least as judged by the absence of light-induced spectral changes attributable to flavins. Preliminary kinetic studies suggest that EDTA provides the pool of electrons for the reaction. The cytochrome cannot be assigned exclusively either to mitochondria or to endoplasmic reticulum, as judged by its sedimentation properties. These results and the current literature are discussed in the context of the hypothesis that this b-type cytochrome may be involved in the photoreception mechanism for blue and uv light in vivo.
Effect of monosodium glutamate on apple leaf consumption by codling moth larvae

We have demonstrated that larvae of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L) can successfully complete their first instar when fed apple leaves instead of fruit. Larvae fed leaves after hatching maximized their feeding intensity (about 320 µg/larva/day) on day 2. Weight gain revealed a stereotypic sigmoid pattern that peaked on day 3. Although the maximum body weight of larvae fed leaves was 70–85% less than for larvae maintained on apples or on artificial diet, 100% of larvae fed leaves molted to the second instar 3–5 days after hatching. Our investigation revealed a diurnal pattern of leaf ingestion, and neonates’ feeding intensity decreased significantly during the scotophase. We also demonstrated that monosodium glutamate (MSG) increased feeding on leaves by codling moth larvae. Depending on the duration of the bioassay, and larval age at time of initial exposure, 0.05 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml MSG increased apple leaf consumption by 25–60% over leaves alone. The effect of monosodium glutamate was best demonstrated during the first day following hatching. Exposure to MSG also accelerated molting to the second instar. Larvae exposed to MSG initiated consumption of leaf tissue significantly earlier than control neonates. The feeding stimulatory effect of MSG was not observed if exposure to this chemical was delayed until 3–4 h after hatch. The addition of feeding stimulants to pesticides that act via the alimentary tract may reduce the amount of active ingredients needed to maintain the efficacy of these formulations. Here, we postulate that first instar codling moth larvae are potential targets for treatment with pesticide formulations enhanced with monosodium glutamate.
Referential shift in Nicaraguan Sign Language: a transition from lexical to spatial devices.

Even the simplest narratives combine multiple strands of information, integrating different characters and their actions by expressing multiple perspectives of events. We examined the emergence of referential shift devices, which indicate changes among these perspectives, in Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL). Sign languages, like spoken languages, mark referential shift grammatically with a shift in deictic perspective. In addition, sign languages can mark the shift with a point or a movement of the body to a specified spatial location in the three-dimensional space in front of the signer, capitalizing on the spatial affordances of the manual modality. We asked whether the use of space to mark referential shift emerges early in a new sign language by comparing the first two age cohorts of deaf signers of NSL. Eight first-cohort signers and ten second-cohort signers watched video vignettes and described them in NSL. Narratives were coded for lexical (use of words) and spatial (use of signing space) devices. Although the cohorts did not differ significantly in the number of perspectives represented, second-cohort signers used referential shift devices to explicitly mark a shift in perspective in more of their narratives. Furthermore, while there was no significant difference between cohorts in the use of non-spatial, lexical devices, there was a difference in spatial devices, with second-cohort signers using them in significantly more of their narratives. This suggests that spatial devices have only recently increased as systematic markers of referential shift. Spatial referential shift devices may have emerged more slowly because they depend on the establishment of fundamental spatial conventions in the language. While the modality of sign languages can ultimately engender the syntactic use of three-dimensional space, we propose that a language must first develop systematic spatial distinctions before harnessing space for grammatical functions.
Not the path to perdition: the utility of similarity-based learning

A large portion of the research in machine learning has involved a paradigm of comparing many examples and analyzing them in terms of similarities and differences, assuming that the resulting generalizations will have applicability to new examples. While such research has been very successful, it is by no means obvious why similarity-based generalizations should be useful, since they may simply reflect coincidences. Proponents of explanation-based learning, a new, knowledge-intensive method of examining single examples to derive generalizations based on underlying causal models, could contend that their methods are more fundamentally grounded, and that there is no need to look for similarities across examples. In this paper, we present the issues, and then show why similarity-based methods are important. We present four reasons why robust machine learning must involve the integration of similarity-based and explanation-based methods. We argue that: 1) it may not always be practical or even possible to determine a causal explanation; 2) similarity usually implies causality; 3) similarity-based generalizations can be refined over time; 4) similarity-based and explanation-based methods complement each other in important ways.
Selective Growth of GaN and Al0.2Ga0.8N on GaN/AlN/6H-SiC (0001) Multilayer Substrates Via Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy

The selective growth of GaN and Al0.2Ga0.8N has been conducted on stripe and circular patterned GaN/AlN/6H-SiC(0001) multilayer substrates. Growth morphologies on stripe patterns changed with the widths of stripes and the flow rate of TEG. No ridge growth was observed along the edges of the stripe patterns, and the (0001) top facets were very smooth. Uniform hexagonal pyramid arrays of undoped GaN and Si-doped GaN were successfully grown on 5μm circular patterns. Field emission measurement of a Si-doped GaN hexagonal pyramid array exhibited a turn-on field of 25V/μm for an emission current of 10.8nA at an anode-to-sample distance of 27μm.
Attribution Theory: New Models and Applications, an Ongoing Scientific Phenomenon

There is a saying from the Talmud: “There is no one that does not have a future, and there is nothing that does not have its hour.” It seems to me that this is essentially the message of the United States and, even more so, the purpose of its educational institutions. Universities and graduate schools are the keepers of the established knowledge, but at the same time, they function to provide new knowledge through research. It is with this in mind that CSPP-LA has sponsored, and, hopefully will continue to sponsor, the Attribution-Personality Theory Conferences. Every learned conference should have at least two main purposes: (1) to integrate and synthesize existing theoretical and research positions and (2) by raising questions, offer new explanations and novel points of view leading to new and useful directions in the area to which the conference is addressed.
Toward portable nuclear magnetic resonance devices using atomic magnetometers

The motivation for developing alternative detection techniques for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to overcome some of the limitations associated with high-field NMR/MRI instruments. The limitations include poor portability, cryogenic requirements, and high costs. To achieve this goal, a low magnetic field is preferred. Since the sensitivity of inductive detection for conventional NMR and MRI scales linearly with the magnetic field strength, it is not optimal for low-field detection. In this contribution, we describe the concept of using atomic magnetometers as an alternative detection method. Atomic magnetometers possess an ultrahigh sensitivity that is independent of the magnetic field strength, which makes them viable for low-field detection in NMR and MRI. We first introduce the principle of atomic magnetometry and follow this with a discussion of recent progress in the field. To compare the sensitivities of atomic magnetometers of diverse sizes, we define a signal-to-noise ratio for a fixed detection volume to normalize the sensitivity with regard to the cell size. We then focus on two coupling schemes for NMR and MRI detection using atomic magnetometers. Finally, we discuss the challenges involved in implementing this alternative detection technique for NMR and MRI. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 124–132, 2009.
Functional Evaluation of Genetic Variation in Complex Human Traits

Genome-wide association studies and, more recently, next-generation sequencing studies have accelerated the investigation of complex human traits by providing a wealth of association data linking genetic variants to diseases and other phenotypic traits. These data promise to transform our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying complex human traits, but only if functional evaluation of the novel genetic variants is undertaken. Here, we review recent examples in which such functional evaluation has been attempted, with varying degrees of success, and we highlight new technological advances that should greatly enhance our ability to identify and dissect causal genotype-phenotype relationships.
A comprehensive resource management framework for next generation wireless networks

We propose an integrated resource management approach that can be implemented in next generation wireless networks that support multimedia services (data, voice, video, etc.). Specifically, we combine the use of position-assisted and mobility predictive advanced bandwidth reservation with a call admission control and bandwidth reconfiguration strategy to support flexible QoS management. We also introduce a mobile agent based framework that can be used to carry out the functions of geolocation and of the proposed resource management in wireless networks. A model is also developed to obtain the optimal location information update interval in order to minimize the total cost of the system operation. The comparison of the achievable performance results of our proposed scheme with the corresponding results of a conventional system that supports advanced bandwidth reservation only, as means of supporting the QoS requirements, demonstrate that our integrated scheme can alleviate the problem of overreservation, support seamless operation throughout the wireless network, and increase significantly the system capacity.
Object-based classification of residential land use within Accra, Ghana based on QuickBird satellite data

A segmentation and hierarchical classification approach applied to QuickBird multispectral satellite data was implemented, with the goal of delineating residential land use polygons and identifying low and high socio-economic status of neighbourhoods within Accra, Ghana. Two types of object-based classification strategies were tested, one based on spatial frequency characteristics of multispectral data, and the other based on proportions of Vegetation-Impervious-Soil sub-objects. Both approaches yielded residential land-use maps with similar overall percentage accuracy (75%) and kappa index of agreement (0.62) values, based on test objects from visual interpretation of QuickBird panchromatic imagery.
Up‐and‐Down Designs

Up-and-down designs are useful for evaluating and comparing the toxicity of pesticides and other chemical compounds. In particular, the primary goal of an up-and-down design in toxicity studies is to estimate the dose having a prespecified toxicity rate Γ,0 < Γ < 1. A secondary goal is to limit the experimental subjects that are given highly toxic exposure. Up-and-down designs can be sequential or group sequential.
Particle-fluid velocities and fouling in rotating filtration of a suspension

Abstract The flow of dilute suspensions in a rotating filter separator consisting of a rigid, porous, polyethylene cylindrical filter rotating within an outer cylindrical shell was studied using laser-based velocity measurement techniques. The centrifugal instability of the Taylor–Couette flow results in toroidal vortices stacked in the annulus. The velocity field of the particles is very similar to that of the fluid indicating that the vortical structure readily entrains particles. Profiles of the concentration of particles in the device show that the particles tend toward a concentration polarization layer near the porous inner cylinder due to the radial flow, but the concentration in the layer is reduced as the velocity gradient near the wall is increased. This steep velocity gradient is a consequence of the vortices in the flow redistributing the azimuthal momentum. The vortices also distribute the particles uniformly across the annulus between the porous inner cylinder and the outer shell. Particles typically form a thin cake on the inner cylinder due to the radial flow. However, there is a critical Taylor number, which is related to the rotational speed of the inner cylinder, above which the particles are swept off of the inner cylinder and resuspended in the vortical flow.
Inverse magnetoelectric effects in a ferromagnetic–piezoelectric layered structure

Measurements of inverse magnetoelectric (ME) effects in lead zirconate titanate (PZT)–Ni–PZT trilayers are reported. Traditional ME measurements involve the electrical response of a composite subjected to an alternating current (ac) magnetic field. In the case of an “inverse ME effect,” one measures the variation in the magnetic induction due to an external ac electric field applied to PZT. A pickup coil wound around the sample is used to measure the ME voltage due to the change in the magnetic induction in Ni. The measured static magnetic-field dependence of ME voltage has been attributed to the variation in the piezomagnetic coefficient for Ni. The frequency dependence of the ME voltage shows a resonance character due to radial acoustic modes in PZT. Theoretical estimates of ME susceptibility are in excellent agreement with values determined from data on induced voltage.
Synthesis of reversible logic

A function is reversible if each input vector produces a unique output vector. Reversible functions find applications in low power design, quantum computing, and nanotechnology. Logic synthesis for reversible circuits differs substantially from traditional logic synthesis. In this paper, we present the first practical synthesis algorithm and tool for reversible functions with a large number of inputs. It uses positive-polarity Reed-Muller decomposition at each stage to synthesize the function as a network of Toffoli gates. The heuristic uses a priority queue based search tree and explores candidate factors at each stage in order of attractiveness. The algorithm produces near-optimal results for the examples discussed in the literature. The key contribution of the work is that the heuristic finds very good solutions for reversible functions with a large number of inputs.
The Measurement of Contact Difference in Potential on Certain Oxide-Coated Cathode Diodes

Contact difference in potential for a conventional-type oxide-coated cathode diode is defined in terms of voltage required to establish zero field between the anode and cathode. Contact difference in potential has been found to be relatively unaffected by a wide fange of impurities added to the coating. Tests have shown that the E ct measurement is a sensitive technique for observing changes which take place on an initially clean anode.
Spatial Dynamics of the Chinese High Speed Rail: Impact Assessment on Real Estate Price

This study investigates the ex post impact of the Beijing-Shanghai high speed rail (BJHSR) on housing values. A dataset including 1,016 housing communities from the 22 cities along the BJHSR line are analyzed in the tradition of the hedonic pricing model using three estimation procedures: a robust ordinary-least square regression, a Box-Cox transformation technique and a spatial econometric model. After controlling for physical characteristics of housing property, neighboring environment and locational accessibility, the study finds that the establishment of the BJHSR service has a considerable regional impact (including local effects and spillover effects) on housing values in medium and small cities but a negligible impact in larger capital cities. This may be the results of the competitive nature of housing market in Chinese capital cities.
Lactobacillus herbarum sp. nov., a species related to Lactobacillus plantarum.

Strain TCF032-E4 was isolated from a traditional Chinese fermented radish. It shares >99% 16S rRNA sequence identity with L. plantarum, L. pentosus and L. paraplantarum. This strain can ferment ribose, galactose, glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, melibiose, trehalose and gentiobiose. It cannot ferment sucrose, which can be used by L. pentosus, L. paraplantarum, L. fabifermentans, L. xiangfangensis and L. mudanjiangensis, as well as most of the L. plantarum strains (88.7%). TCF032-E4 cannot grow at temperature above 32 °C. This strain shares 78.2–83.6% pheS (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit) and 89.5–94.9% rpoA (RNA polymerase alpha subunit) sequence identity with L. plantarum, L. pentosus, L. paraplantarum, L. fabifermentans, L. xiangfangensis and L. mudanjiangensis. These results indicate that TCF032-E4 represents a distinct species. This hypothesis was further confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and comparison with available genomes of related species. The draft genome size of TCF032-E4 is approximately 2.9 Mb, with a DNA G+C content of 43.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) between TCF032-E4 and related species ranges from 79.0 to 81.1%, the highest ANI value being observed with L. plantarum subsp. plantarum ATCC 14917T. A novel species, Lactobacillus herbarum sp. nov., is proposed with TCF032-E4T ( = CCTCC AB2015090T = DSM 100358T) as the type strain.
EEG Technique of the Future

(1972). EEG Technique of the Future. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 81-84.
Additive Tree Biomass Equations for Midrotation Loblolly Pine Plantations

Biomass estimation is a prerequisite for calculating biomass energy, carbon storage, and sequestration of forests and for examining forest productivity and nutrient cycling. With destructive biomass sampling data from 456 sampled trees on 114 plots of loblolly pine culture and density studies at ages 12, 15, and 16, two systems of nonlinear additive tree biomass equations were developed. One was based on DBH, tree height, live crown length and width, and diameter at live crown base, and the other was based on DBH and tree height only. The systems guarantee additivity in biomass equations. The nonlinear seemingly unrelated regressions (NSUR) approach was used to account for the inherent correlation among the biomass equations, and heteroscedasticity was addressed by having a unique weighting function for each equation. 1 Both systems of biomass equations were compared with previously published equations and the new ones provided more accurate predictions, especially with respect to branch and foliage biomass. The new systems can be used to accurately estimate tree component or total tree aboveground biomass of midrotation loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States.
Mutations in chromatin machinery and pediatric high-grade glioma

Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood. Of these, approximately one-third are gliomas that exhibit diverse biological behaviors in the unique context of the developing nervous system. Although low-grade gliomas predominate and have favorable outcomes, up to 20% of pediatric gliomas are high-grade. These tumors are a major contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality in infants, children, and adolescents, with long-term survival rates of only 10 to 15%. The recent discovery of somatic oncogenic mutations affecting chromatin regulation in pediatric high-grade glioma has markedly improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis, and these findings have stimulated the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting epigenetic regulators for disease treatment. We review the current perspective on pediatric high-grade glioma genetics and epigenetics, and discuss the emerging and experimental therapeutics targeting the unique molecular abnormalities present in these deadly childhood brain tumors.
Development of a bioassay for the antitumor activity of biological response modifiers of the reticuloendothelial stimulant class

Following intravenous administration of various doses of DiLuzio glucan, Wellcome C. parvum, or BCG, the increase in clearance of intravenous 125IUdR-radiolabeled B16 tumor cells from the lung correlated with a subsequent reduction in the outgrowth of pulmonary tumor nodules. The ranges of values for tumor cell clearance were very much narrower for most groups of animals than the ranges obtained for the number of pulmonary tumor nodules in similar groups, allowing 2–3 times the definition of data with the former method.
The application of capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of plant protein

Protein separation technology plays a pivotal role in the study of protein.Capillary electrophoresis separation,as a relatively new technology for its high throughput,high sensitivity,fast and low consumption advantages,makes up for the deficiencies of traditional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.In this paper,several different capillary electrophoresis separation means in the analysis of protein in plant studies were reviewed,emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of capillary zone electrophoresis and coated capillary electrophoresis.
The treated thorax.

Significant progress has been made in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Responses to treatment may vary. Complications often occur. This article reviews the radiographic and clinical aspects of how the thorax responds to treatment.
Delusion at Heart

This case discusses the interaction of ondansetron and thioridazine resulting in synergistic prolongation of QTc interval.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis With Low-Grade Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background & Aims Little is known about outcomes of patients with ulcerative colitis with low-grade dysplasia (UC-LGD). We estimated the incidence of and risk factors for progression to colorectal cancer (CRC) in cohorts of patients with UC-LGD who underwent surveillance (surveillance cohort), and the prevalence of dysplasia-related findings among patients who underwent colectomy for UC-LGD (surgical cohort). Methods We performed a systematic literature review through June 1, 2016, to identify cohort studies of adults with UC-LGD. We estimated pooled incidence rates of CRC and risk factors associated with dysplasia progression in surveillance cohorts, and prevalence of synchronous advanced neoplasia (CRC and/or high-grade dysplasia) in surgical cohorts. Results In 14 surveillance cohort studies of 671 patients with UC-LGD (52 developed CRC), the pooled annual incidence of CRC was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–1.3); the pooled annual incidence of advanced neoplasia was 1.8% (95% CI, 0.9–2.7). Risk of CRC was higher when LGD was diagnosed by expert gastrointestinal pathologist (1.5%) than by community pathologists (0.2%). Factors significantly associated with dysplasia progression were concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.8), invisible dysplasia (vs visible dysplasia; OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0–3.4), distal location (vs proximal location; OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.7), and multifocal dysplasia (vs unifocal dysplasia; OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5–8.5). In 12 surgical cohort studies of 450 patients who underwent colectomy for UC-LGD, 34 patients had synchronous CRC (pooled prevalence, 17%; 95% CI, 8–33). Conclusion In a systematic review of the literature, we found that among patients with UC-LGD under surveillance, the annual incidence of progression to CRC was 0.8%; differences in rates of LGD diagnosis varied with pathologists' level of expertise. Concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis, invisible dysplasia, distal location, and multifocal LGD are high-risk features associated with dysplasia progression.
RNA-binding proteins in immune regulation: a focus on CCCH zinc finger proteins

Nearly 60 CCCH zinc finger proteins have been identified in humans and mice. These proteins are involved in the regulation of multiple steps of RNA metabolism, including mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, transportation, translation and decay. Several CCCH zinc finger proteins, such as tristetraprolin (TTP), roquin 1 and MCPIP1 (also known as regnase 1), are crucial for many aspects of immune regulation by targeting mRNAs for degradation and modulation of signalling pathways. In this Review, we focus on the emerging roles of CCCH zinc finger proteins in the regulation of immune responses through their effects on cytokine production, immune cell activation and immune homeostasis.
Markovits on Defining Monopolization: A Comment

In this comment I focus on Richard Markovits’s definition of monopolization in his new book, Economics and the Interpretation and Application of U.S. and E.U. Antitrust Law (Springer 2014), and also his assertion that monopolization is distributively unjust. I agree wholeheartedly with his approach to defining monopolization, though I might alter a few details. However, I think the distributive justice effects of monopolization are ambiguous.
Characterization of Carbon Monoxide Exposure During Hurricane Sandy and Subsequent Nor'easter

Objective Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas produced by fossil fuel combustion. On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy moved ashore near Atlantic City, New Jersey, causing widespread morbidity and mortality, 50 billion in economic damage, and 8.5 million households to be without power. The combination of power outages and unusually low temperatures led people to use alternate power sources, placing many at risk for CO exposure. Methods We examined Hurricane Sandy–related CO exposures from multiple perspectives to help identify risk factors and develop strategies to prevent future exposures. This report combined data from 3 separate sources (health departments, poison centers via the National Poison Data System, and state and local public information officers). Results Results indicated that the number of CO exposures in the wake of Hurricane Sandy was significantly greater than in previous years. The persons affected were mostly females and those in younger age categories and, despite messaging, most CO exposures occurred from improper generator use. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the continued importance of CO-related communication and ongoing surveillance of CO exposures to support public health response and prevention during and after disasters. Additionally, regional poison centers can be a critical resource for potential on-site management, public health promotion, and disaster-related CO exposure surveillance. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:562–567)
Recognition for Group Work: Gender Differences in Academia

Abstract How is credit for group work allocated when individual contributions are not observed? I use data on academics' publication records to test whether demographic traits like gender influence how credit is allocated under such uncertainty. While solo-authored papers send a clear signal about ability, coauthored papers are noisy, providing no specific information about each contributor's skills. I find that men are tenured at roughly the same rate regardless of coauthoring choices. Women, however, are less likely to receive tenure the more they coauthor. The result is much less pronounced among women who coauthor with other women.
International Trade and Environmental Development: A View from India

International trade has traditionally been affected by the interaction of reigning political, economic, and social forces. Invariably, trade among nations bears the imprint of contemporary history and is influenced by movements entering into the composition of community life. In recent times, no single movement has so transformed the perspectives of human outlook as the crusade to protect and preserve the planet's environment. The ethos of environmental philosophy has profound implications for international trade, and significant international events during the past two decades have evidenced the close involvement of the world community in those consequences. India has an important role in that involvement. As a prominent developing country, India's population will soon be the largest in the world. India possesses an ancient surviving heritage of considerable vitality, and is governed by a network of modern and vigorous democratic institutions. This paper will discuss India's environmental traditions, India's environmental laws and policy initiatives, its new environmental philosophy, and finally India's views on international trade and the environment.
Saturation of near-resonant chi (3)(0;2 omega,- omega,- omega ) in quantum-confined semiconductors.

Measurements of the resonantly enhanced ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$(0;2\ensuremath{\omega},-\ensuremath{\omega},-\ensuremath{\omega}) of semiconductor nanocrystals where 2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$ were made using optically encoded second-harmonic generation in semiconductor microcrystallite-doped glasses. The results indicate that ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$(0;2\ensuremath{\omega},-\ensuremath{\omega},-\ensuremath{\omega}) saturates in the same way as the absorption at 2\ensuremath{\omega}. The saturation provides strong evidence that ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$(0;2\ensuremath{\omega},-\ensuremath{\omega},-\ensuremath{\omega}) is dominated by doubly resonant terms, which are nonzero due to quantum confinement of the electron and hole states in the semiconductors nanocrystals.
Domain Adaptation of Coreference Resolution for Radiology Reports

In this paper we explore the applicability of existing coreference resolution systems to a biomedical genre: radiology reports. Analysis revealed that, due to the idiosyncrasies of the domain, both the formulation of the problem of coreference resolution and its solution need significant domain adaptation work. We reformulated the task and developed an unsupervised algorithm based on heuristics for coreference resolution in radiology reports. The algorithm is shown to perform well on a test dataset of 150 manually annotated radiology reports.
Control of NO x During Stationary Combustion

Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ) emissions are primary contributors to acid rain, which is associated with a number of effects including acidification of lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings, and visibility impairment. Among the various nitrogen oxides emitted from stationary combustion; nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are stable, and NO predominates (over 90%). In health effects, NO2 can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infection. In the area of ozone nonattainment, NO x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the atmosphere to form ozone, a photochemical oxidant and a major component of smog. Atmospheric ozone can cause respiratory problems by damaging lung tissue and reducing lung function 1.
A comparison of methods for analysis of mRNA in hematopoietic cells: conventional and clonal northern analysis and in situ hybridization.

Three methods for the detection of mRNA in hematopoietic cells are addressed, and examples using these techniques to examine human leukemic cells’ genetic response to chemical and biological response modifiers shown. The limitations and specific applications of the three techniques are discussed.