cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender differences across multiple types of prosocial behavior in adolescence: A meta-analysis of the prosocial tendency measure-revised (PTM-R).

Abstract Introduction Literature on adolescent prosocial behavior (PB) has grown tremendously since the development of The Prosocial Tendency Measure-Revised (PTM-R), which includes subscales assessing different types of PB. However, findings of gender differences are inconsistent across studies. Thus, we computed meta-analyses to examine gender differences in adolescents’ PB. Further, we examined the moderating roles of type of PB, and various sample (i.e., mean age, gender composition, ethnic composition) and study (i.e., reporter type, measurement form, reliability) characteristics in gender differences in PB. Methods Using online databases (e.g., ProQuest), journal article references, and conference programs, we identified a total of 46 records from 32 studies (215 effect sizes, N = 12,024) across the globe that had measured adolescents’ (age 10–18; 51% male) PB using the PTM-R or the PTM. Results Gender differences in the PB were small to medium in magnitude (ds ranged from 0 to 0.35) for absolute gender differences (i.e., overall magnitude of gender differences regardless of which gender was higher). There were larger gender differences for gender-typed prosocial behaviors (e.g., altruistic, d = 0.35) than gender-neutral behaviors (e.g., anonymous, d = 0.03). The type of PB (i.e., altruistic, compliant, public, emotional, dire, anonymous) and region (i.e., European, U.S., traditional cultures, Asian) and were significant moderators. Conclusions Although males and females generally are more similar than different in their prosociality, it is important to consider the type of PB when examining gender differences.
An Empirical Exploration of Resilience in Human-Autonomy Teams Operating Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems:

Project overviewTeam resilience is an interactive and dynamic process that develops over time while a team maintains performance. This study aims to empirically investigate systems-level resilience...
Integrating issues of consumer privacy with mobile computing into computer science curricula

Mobile computing continues to be an emerging technology with application benefits for consumers. As this technology expands in importance in the marketplace, concerns have developed about the control of personal and private information on mobile devices such as a cell telephone or a PDA. The concerns have centered on frequent intrusion of privacy through global positioning or location-based services that have radio frequency identification tags (RFID), a finding in a detailed exploratory study of location-related privacy by the presenters of this tutorial. These threats to privacy by RFID may eventually impede the deployment of mobile computing in the marketplace. The field of computer science has to be therefore cognizant of its responsibility to society with mobile computing technology and sensitive to the threats of this technology. The focus of this tutorial is to contribute an actionable approach for computer science and information systems instructors to enhance their curricula for educating students on the evolving impact of mobile computing on society.
Implementation of liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane blocks into the colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery protocol: a natural experiment

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs are now standard of care for colorectal surgery. Efforts have been aimed at decreasing postoperative opioid consumption. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks on opioid use and its downstream effect on rates of ileus and hospital length of stay (LOS). We performed a retrospective pre- and postintervention time-trend analysis (2016–2018) of ERAS patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery at two academic medical centers within the same hospital system. The intervention was liposomal bupivacaine TAP blocks versus standard local infiltration with bupivacaine with a primary outcome of total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) administered within 72 h of surgery. Secondary outcomes included hospital LOS and rate of postoperative ileus. There were 556 patients included at the control hospital, and 384 patients were included at the treatment hospital. Patients at both hospitals were similar with regard to age, body mass index, comorbidities, and surgical indication. In an adjusted time-trend analysis, the treatment hospital was associated with a significant decrease in MME administered (– 15.9 mg, p = 0.04) and hospital LOS (– 0.8 days, p < 0.001). There was no significant decrease in the rate of ileus at the treatment hospital (– 6.9%, p = 0.08). In a time-trend analysis, the addition of liposomal bupivacaine TAP blocks into the ERAS protocol resulted in significantly reduced opioid use and shorter hospital LOS for patients undergoing surgery at the treatment hospital. Liposomal bupivacaine TAP blocks should be considered for inclusion in the standard ERAS protocol.
Load Balancing Performance in Distributed Storage with Regular Balanced Redundancy

Contention at the storage nodes is the main cause of long and variable data access times in distributed storage systems. Offered load on the system must be balanced across the storage nodes in order to minimize contention, and load balancing should be robust against the skews and fluctuations in content popularities. Data objects are replicated across multiple nodes in practice to allow for load balancing. However redundancy increases the storage requirement and should be used efficiently. We evaluate load balancing performance of natural storage schemes in which each data object is stored at d different nodes and each node stores the same number of objects. We find that load balance in a system of n nodes improves multiplicatively with d as long as d = o (log(n)), and improves exponentially as soon as d = Θ(log(n)). We show that load balance improves the same way with d when the service choices are created with XORs of r objects rather than object replicas, which also reduces the storage overhead multiplicatively by r. However, unlike accessing an object replica, access through a recovery set composed by an XOR’ed copy requires downloading content from r nodes, which increases load imbalance additively by r.
Evaluating Lawyer Service Quality in Chapter 7 Bankruptcies: The Case of Small Professional Businesses

The increasingly competitive nature of the American legal environment is causing small law firms and solo practitioners to adopt many of the tools and attitudes of business. There is a potential conflict between lawyers' wishes to maximize revenue and fulfilling their professional values in interacting with their clients. This exploratory study examines how clients evaluate their lawyers. Utilizing a "procedural justice" framework, it is hypothesized that the greater the degree of trust, interpersonal respect, and competence exhibited by the lawyer, the greater will be the level of client satisfaction. All three hypotheses are supported.
Racial/ethnic differences in supplemental imaging for breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts

Mammography is limited when analyzing dense breasts for 2 reasons: (1) breast density masks underlying cancers and (2) breast density is an independent risk factor for cancer. We undertook this study to assess whether there is a racial/ethnic difference in supplemental image ordering for women with dense breasts. We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of women aged 50–75 from an academic medical center who had completed a screening mammogram between 2014 and 2016 that was read as BI-RADS 1 with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts or BI-RADS 2 with extremely dense breasts. Data were abstracted on type, timing and frequency of supplemental imaging tests ordered within two years of an initial screening mammogram. Patient characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, insurance, and comorbidities) were also abstracted. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to assess for differences in supplemental imaging ordered by race/ethnicity. Three hundred twenty-six women met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 58 years: 25% were non-Hispanic white, 30% were non-Hispanic black, 27% were Hispanic, 6% were Asian and 14% unknown. Seventy-nine (24%) women were ordered a supplemental breast ultrasound after the initial screening mammogram. Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women were less likely to have supplemental imaging ordered compared to non-Hispanic white women (15% and 10%, respectively, vs. 45%, p < 0.0001). After controlling for patient age, ordering physician specialty, insurance, BI-RADS score, breast density, and family history of breast cancer, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women remained less likely to be ordered supplemental imaging (OR 0.38 [95% CI 0.17–0.85] and OR 0.24 [95% CI 0.10–0.61], respectively, p < 0.0001). Minority women with dense breasts are less likely to be ordered supplemental breast imaging. Further research should investigate physician and patient behaviors to determine barriers in supplemental imaging. Understanding these differences may help reduce disparities in breast cancer care and mortality.
Positive Balance at the Cognitive Level: Domain Satisfaction

I begin this chapter by discussing the concept positive balance at the cognitive level as reflected in domain satisfaction. I define positive mental health at the cognitive level as follows: Individuals characterized as having positive mental health tend to experience a preponderance of domain satisfaction (satisfaction in salient and multiple life domains such as family life, work life, social life, etc.) relative to dissatisfaction in other life domains. This definition of positive mental health at the cognitive level is based on a program of research related to three balance principles: the principle of satisfaction limits, the principle of the full spectrum of human developmental needs, and the principle of diminishing satisfaction. Furthermore, well-being at the emotional level (hedonic well-being) influences the formation of well-being at the cognitive level (domain satisfaction). Specifically, positive affect (happiness, joy, contentment, etc.) at the emotional level mediated by a process of domain segmentation result into domain satisfaction (satisfied with work life, social life, family life, etc.); and conversely, negative affect (anger, sadness, jealousy, envy, depression, etc.) mediated by a process of domain segmentation result into domain dissatisfaction (dissatisfied with work life, social life, family life, etc.).
LINEAR ANALYSIS OF HIPPOCAMPAL LFP: SLOW GAMMA VS HIGH THETA

We apply common linear analysis techniques (Fourier and wavelet transforms) to time-series of hippocampal local field potential (LFP) collected from a small population of rats (5 individuals) during awake-behavior in a maze-exploring task, and rest (non-REM sleep). Important characteristics of hippocampal activity, such as the power of the theta rhythm and its harmonics, as well as that of the gamma rhythm, are strongly dependent on the intensity of behavioral activity, as measured by rat speed. A comparison of Fourier and wavelet representation of stationary LFP epochs show that the wavelet representation fails to resolve high-order theta harmonics (24, 32, 40 Hz) that appear well defined in the Fourier analysis and occupy the frequency band of 20-50 Hz, also attributed to the slow gamma rhythm. It seems possible that a misinterpretation of wavelet analysis might be the origin of the identification of the slow gamma rhythm. Such a misidentification would also naturally lead to spurious coupling results between the low gamma and theta oscillations. Theoretically, both transforms can handle arbitrary time-series; however, the Fourier transform is best interpreted for weakly phase-coupled, nearly-Gaussian stochastic processes, while the wavelet transform is most useful when applied to non-stationary, transient processes. Outside their optimal applicability range, both transforms may produce ambiguous, even misleading results. Rather than refuting the existence of slow gamma, our results emphasize the importance of selecting the adequate spectral analysis method for the stochastic process analyzed. To help with the selection, we propose a simple stationarity test based on the integral value of the bicoherence. Further research is needed to separate high order theta harmonics from slow gamma.
Optimizing an eDNA protocol for monitoring endangered Chinook Salmon in the San Francisco Estuary: balancing sensitivity, cost and time

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has gained traction as a precise and cost effective method for species and waterways management. To date, publications on eDNA protocol optimization have focused primarily on DNA yield. Therefore, it has not been possible to evaluate the cost and speed of specific components of the eDNA protocol, such as water filtration and DNA extraction method when designing or choosing an eDNA pipeline. At the same time, these two parameters are essential for the experimental design of a project. Here we evaluate and rank different eDNA protocols in the context of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) eDNA detection in an aquatic environment, the San Francisco Estuary. We present a comprehensive evaluation of multiple eDNA protocol parameters, balancing time, cost and DNA yield. For estuarine waters, which are challenging for eDNA studies due to high turbidity, variable salinity, and the presence of PCR inhibitors, we find that a protocol combining glass filters and magnetic beads, along with an extra step for PCR inhibitor removal, is the method that best balances time, cost, and yield. In addition, we provide a generalized decision tree for determining the optimal eDNA protocol for other studies on aquatic systems. Our findings should be applicable to most aquatic environments and provide a clear guide for determining which eDNA pipeline should be used for a given environmental condition.
Pulsed Harmonic Doppler Radar and Passive RF Tags for Tracking the Dynamic Motion of Held Objects

A new method for detecting microwave harmonic Doppler signatures of held objects in cluttered environments is presented. Based on a passive harmonic tag combined with a pulsed microwave radar, the motion of tagged objects held by a person can be detected in high-clutter environments. In this letter, we present a new derivation of the dynamic harmonic signal response of a harmonic tag in motion. Based on a truncated Bessel function expansion, the model predicts the time-frequency signatures of sinusoidally moving objects with high accuracy. We present a pulsed harmonic radar transmitting at 2.51 GHz and receiving at 5.02 GHz, which is capable of measuring the harmonic micro-Doppler response of the tag with better signal-to-noise since the clutter response only exists at 2.51 GHz. The pulse waveform provides detection of the harmonic tag at larger distances than continuous-wave systems by increasing the peak power of the signal incident on the tag, while the average power is fixed with a low level. Measurements of a held tag at a distance of 1 m in a highly cluttered environment are presented, showing a strong match to the simulated results.
Validated Outcome Measures and Postsurgical Scar Assessment Instruments in Auricular Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Background The utilization of an assessment instrument that successfully analyzes validated outcome measures for auricular surgery is important for advancing evidence-based medicine. Objective To systematically review postsurgical scar assessment instruments and outcome measures after auricular surgery to assess if any individual or combination of 2 assessment instruments encompass all relevant, validated auricular outcome measures. Methods Two systematic reviews were conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid databases: one for postauricular surgical outcome measures and another for postsurgical scar assessment instruments. Auricular outcome measure articles were selected for inclusion if they included at least one auricular-specific validated outcome measure, and assessment tool articles were included if they referenced one or more specific tool(s) specifically designed to assess postsurgical scars. Assessment tools were evaluated based on which outcome measures each covered. Results There was no single postsurgical scar assessment instrument or combination of 2 instruments that covered all outcome measures within the 5 different categories (psychosocial well-being, functional, objective appearance, subjective appearance, and clinical-related outcomes) after auricular surgery. None of the instruments measured functional outcomes, such as the ability to wear glasses and hearing outcomes. Conclusion There is currently no existing postsurgical scar assessment instrument that covers all outcome measures after auricular surgery.
Digital Transformation of Business Process Governance

Many organizations have started digital transformation initiatives. New digital tools are available with increasing regularity – and many of them have a major impact on business processes. However, only a small number of organizations have their business processes sufficiently under control to realize the full business potential of new digital technologies. Appropriate business process management (BPM) capabilities, have a significant impact on the value achieved through digitalization. This is especially true for establishing appropriate business process governance. Process governance keeps processes on track. It identifies necessary adjustments of the process, defines the required actions, and ensures their execution. This has a significant impact on the realization and sustainment of the targeted digitalization benefits as well as the ongoing performance of the processes. However, digital operational processes have new requirements for process governance. And digital process management tools provide new opportunities for effective governance. Therefore, process governance must go through a digital transformation itself, leveraging appropriate tools such as process mining or dynamic process modelling and simulation tools. Result is digital process governance, an important foundation of successful digital transformation.
Neoliberalism and Political Realignment, 1980–2015

US life under neoliberalism confused the power of economic markets with democracy, powered the rise of an anti-democratic oligarchy, and led some economists to call for radical economic redistribution. The ideology also ignored the structural-historical reality of racism, as was apparent in “culture of poverty” morality and Spike Lee’s Do the Right Thing (1989), which misperceived the dead-end of “low road capitalism” evident in the film. As Abramowitz and others have noted, the political realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties underway since the 1970s, by leading to the rise of polarization, negative partisanship, and racial resentment, has thoroughly reshaped the possibilities for moderate political discourse and legislative compromise. The cutthroat politics of Newt Gingrich and the rise of talk radio speeded this transformation. As a result, films like Lincoln (2012), with its emphasis on social cohesion, racial justice, and the future of democracy, arrived too late to change the politics of the nation. According to Van Dijk and others, the Internet is solidifying this polarization by celebrating neoliberal notions of individual freedom and reshaping the norms of sociality, including the public/private distinction that has been a part of human life since the Pleistocene. By selling access to minds and emotions, the Internet has fostered both the rise of movements like Black Lives Matter and the alternative reality politics of Trumpism.
3-Dimensional Craniofacial Imaging: A Template for Systematic Radiologic Evaluation for Alveolar Cleft Assessment and Planning.

Background Imaging findings are central to the diagnosis and treatment planning decisions when managing craniofacial differences. However, limited information is published on protocols for systematic cleft imaging assessment and for effective communication of these findings. Solution A template is presented to help guide radiologic imaging reports to acquire the relevant clinical information needed to manage patients with alveolar cleft.
The Psychosomatics of Puerperal Stress

At first sight, it might appear that any consideration of the diagnostic classification of puerperal psychiatric illness could have little relevance to a discussion of the psychosomatic nature of these illnesses. However, I hope to show that it may, in fact, shed some light on the relative importance of psychic and somatic factors in the aetiology, and even more importantly, point the way towards more productive research in this area.
Pneumatosis intestinalis. Review of the literature with report of 13 cases.

Thirteen cases of pneumatosis intestinalis are reported, 12 of them in infants between 12 days and 12 months of age, one in a boy of 6 years. Review of these cases and of 32 reported cases falling within the pediatric age range discloses that the disease occurs most frequently in patients whose general condition is poor, that it is very often associated with congenital or acquired disease of the intestine, and that respiratory disease, usually infectious, frequently co-exists. The presence of pneumatosis in pediatric patients has so far been discovered only at autopsy, but clinical diagnosis, with the aid of the typical roentgenologic findings, is feasible and may be accomplished when the disease is more widely known. The clinical picture and roentgenographic findings in adults are reviewed. The most acceptable theories concerning the pathogenesis are discussed, with their possible relation to infantile diarrhea.
Burgess dehydrating reagent

Burgess dehydrating reagent is efficient at generating olefins from secondary and tertiary alcohols where Ei (during the elimination, the two groups leave at about the same time and bond to each other concurrently) mechanism prevails.
JETS: achieving completeness through coverage and closure

Work in progress on JETS, the successor to PLANES, is described. JETS is a natural language question answering system that is intended to interface users to a large relational data base. The architecture is designed to extend the conceptual coverage of JETS to better meet the conversational and data base usage requirements of users. The implementation of JETS is designed to gain a high degree of closure over concept manipulation, contributing to a solution to the problems of perspicuity and scale. Specific examples are given of concept manipulation through the implied relationships of modification and of an approach to problem-solving through the use of frames.
Somaclonal Variation in Rice

Rice is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population, and its present cultivation spans from latitude 53° N to 40° S (Lu and Chang 1980), from -23 to +7000 feet above sea level. It is cultivated under various conditions, including upland, deep water, and soils with pH 3.5 to 9.5 (Khush 1984). There are 22 species in the genus Oryza, most of which are diploid (2n = 24), and seven species are tetraploid (4n = 48) (Chang 1985). O. sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud are the two cultivated species. O. sativa is usually divided into three eco-species: indica, japonica (sinica), and javanica.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of turf-type bermudagrass: Effect of 6-benzyladenine in callus induction medium

In order to optimize tissue culture conditions for bermudagrass, an important warm-season turfgrass species, tissue culture responses of young inflorescences of a hybrid bermudagrass cultivar `Tifgreen' (Cynodon dactylon×Cynodon transvaalensis) and a common bermudagrass cultivar `Savannah' (Cynodon dactylon) were investigated. When cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with 4.52 to 13.57 μM (1–3 mg l-1) 2,4-D, young inflorescence segments yielded non-embryogenic calli which were unorganized and had loosely associated, long tubular cells on the surface. However, inclusion of 6-benzyladenine (BA) in callus induction medium at a level of 0.044 μM (0.01 mg l-1) induced formation of a compact, nodular embryogenic structure on approximately 20% of the calli. Calli with such a compact embryogenic structure were highly regenerable. When young inflorescences smaller than 0.75 cm were cultured, the embryogenic structure yielded green plantlets with regeneration rates of 79.5% and 83.3%, respectively for the two cultivars. All 96 plants regenerated from calli induced in the BA-containing medium were green and morphologically normal. The embryogenic nature of the compact structure was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
The Effect of Computer-and-Writing Instruction on Prospective English Teachers' Attitudes toward and Perceived Uses of Computers in Writing Instruction.

AbstractIn this study the attitudes toward and perceived uses of computers of English education undergraduates were measured after an 11-week course focusing on computers and writing. The group was divided into three groups: (a) those entering with no computer experience, (b) those entering with word processing experience, and (c) those entering with both word processing and programming language experience. It was found that the computer anxiety of the entire group reduced from pre- to post-treatment. Not only did the number of computer uses they listed at the onset increase—from 94 to 143, an increase of 52%—but also the types of uses departed from the early focus on isolated skills (via drill and practice) to the later domination of writing process uses. The changes in concerns of all students went from Awareness and Personal to Consequence, Collaboration, and Refocusing—changes that reflect concerns focusing less on self and more on their prospective students and fellow teachers. In all analyses, the s...
Wild American crows gather around their dead to learn about danger

While a growing number of animals demonstrate avoidance of areas associated with conspecific death, the extent to which wild populations may use these experiences to learn about novel predators remains unclear. Here we demonstrate with experiments that wild American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, respond to dead conspecifics by mobbing, increasing the time to approach food in areas associated with these events, and learning new predators based on their proximity to dead crows and hawks. Avoidance of either dead conspecifics or areas associated with them is not shared by another urban bird, the rock pigeon, Columba livia. Crows mobbed and increased the time to approach food over the next 72 h after observing novel humans paired with a dead crow, a red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis, or a hawk with a dead crow. The sight of a dead pigeon did not elicit these responses. These findings suggest that, for crows, dead conspecifics, but not dead heterospecifics, represent a salient danger akin to the observation of a predator. On the day the stimulus was presented, the number of trials that resulted in mobbing and avoidance of the food was strongest when crows were presented a hawk with a dead crow. In addition, we demonstrate that crows use the proximity of a human to predators, to dead conspecifics and to predators with dead conspecifics as cues to learn to recognize and subsequently scold the associated human after only one training event, and that this association can last 6 weeks. Together, our results support previous findings that crows learn places associated with conspecific death, and further demonstrate that crows can learn and remember people who appear complicit in these events.
Capacity Controlled Demand Side Management: A Stochastic Pricing Analysis

We consider a novel paradigm for demand side management, assuming that an aggregator communicates with a household only at the meter, imposing a capacity constraint, i.e., a restriction on the total power consumption level within a given time frame. Consumers are then responsible to adjust the set-points of the individual household devices accordingly to meet the imposed constraint. We formulate the problem as a stochastic household energy management program, with stochasticity arising due to local photovoltaic generation. We show how a demand bidding curve for capacity increments can be constructed as a by-product of the developed problem and provide a rigorous pricing analysis that results in a probabilistic “shadow” price envelope. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach, we compare it with an idealized real-time market price set-up and show how our analysis can provide guidelines to consumers when selecting a service contract for load curtailment.
Effects of gettering sulfur as CrS or MnS on void generation behavior in ultra-high strength steel

Abstract Void generation has been compared for two heats of AF1410 steel in which the sulfur has been gettered either as particles of MnS or as CrS particles. Voids are nucleated at lower plastic strains when sulfur is gettered as CrS than when sulfur is gettered as MnS. Diffraction results indicate that the CrS has a monoclinic structure.
Relationship of cardiac chamber volume to baroreflex activity in normal humans.

The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of incremental lower body negative pressure (LBNP) on cardiac chamber volume and assess the relationship between cardiac chamber volume and baroreflex activation of the neu-rohormonal axis. Accordingly, echocardiographic determination of cardiac chamber volume and neurohormonal responses were studied in 14 normal subjects during incremental LBNP. LBNP −10 mm Hg decreased left atrial diameter and left ventricular systolic volume index, but did not alter heart rate, systolic or pulse pressure, or stroke volume. During LBNP −10 mm Hg, plasma norepinephrine levels increased, suggesting activation of the sympathetic nervous system. LBNP −40 mm Hg caused a significant decrease in left atrial diameter and left ventricular systolic, diastolic, and stroke volume indices. During LBNP −40 mm Hg, heart rate increased, and systolic and pulse pressure fell. With this more negative level of LBNP, norepinephine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin ...
Individual differences in inference processes

Abstract Information processing differences between field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD) individuals were examined by comparing the performance of 28 FI and 28 FD undergraduates on sentence verification and working memory tasks. For the sentence verification task, FI and FD learners read short passages and then verified necessary and unnecessary inferences, paraphrases, and explicit sentences based upon the passages. Reaction times revealed faster verification of necessary inferences by FI learners. For FD readers, necessary inferences took longer to verify than paraphrases. Error data showed no FI-FD differences, but working memory capacity was larger for FI than for FD learners and was related to unnecessary inference accuracy. It was concluded that FI-FD cognitive restructuring differences are related to working memory capacity and may influence verbal task performance.
Safe to be touched; how safe to be exposed?

Both films were made in 1965 for National Education Television. Directed by Harold Mayer and Edmond Levy. Distributed by Audio-Visual Center, National Education Television Film Service, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405.
The ebb and flood of Silica: Quantifying dissolved and biogenic silica fluxes from a temperate salt marsh

Abstract Salt marshes are widely studied due to the broad range of ecosystem services they provide including serving as crucial wildlife habitat and as hotspots for biogeochemical cycling. Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) are well studied in these systems. However, salt marshes may also be important environments for the cycling of another key nutrient, silica (Si). Found at the land–sea interface, these systems are silica replete with large stocks in plant biomass, sediments, and porewater, and therefore, have the potential to play a substantial role in the transformation and export of silica to coastal waters. In an effort to better understand this role, we measured the fluxes of dissolved (DSi) and biogenic (BSi) silica into and out of two tidal creeks in a temperate, North American (Rowley, Massachusetts, USA) salt marsh. One of the creeks has been fertilized from May to September for six years allowing us to examine the impacts of nutrient addition on silica dynamics within the marsh. High-resolution sampling in July 2010 showed no significant differences in Si concentrations between the fertilized and reference creeks with dissolved silica ranging from 0.5 to 108 μM and biogenic from 2.0 to 56 μM. Net fluxes indicated that the marsh is a point source of dissolved silica to the estuary in the summer with a net flux of approximately 169 mol h−1, demonstrating that this system exports DSi on the same magnitude as some nearby, mid-sized rivers. If these findings hold true for all salt marshes, then these already valuable regions are contributing yet another ecosystem service that has been previously overlooked; by exporting DSi to coastal receiving waters, salt marshes are actively providing this important nutrient for coastal primary productivity.
The site of solubilization of bacteriopheophytin in cationic micelles from studies of heavy-atom enhanced intersystem crossing

Abstract From NMR spectroscopy and picosecond spectroscopic studies of the external heavy-atom effect on the excited singlet-state lifetime, we conclude that the porphyrin ring of BPh is situated in the vicinity of the polar head groups of CTAB at the micellar surface, while the phytyl chain lies within the hydrophobic innercore region of the micelle.
Increased induction of regenerable callus cultures from cultured kernels of the maize inbred FR27rhm.

Kernels of the maize inbred FR27rhm were cultured on various media to determine if the treatments would alter the frequency of formation of regenerable callus (induction frequency) by embryos excised from the kernels when they were placed on callus induction medium. The addition of 60 μM dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) to the kernel culture medium resulted in an induction frequency of 27–38% compared to 0% for controls on standard kernel culture medium. Embryos excised from dicamba-treated kernels also showed in-ovule callus-like tissue proliferation. The increased induction frequency and the callus-like tissue proliferation could also be produced by injecting the ears of field grown FR27rhm plants, 3-d post pollination, with 1.08 μmoles of dicamba. The results indicate that treatment of the developing ear with dicamba, in vivo or the developing kernel in vitro, may be an effective means to increase the frequency of regenerable callus induction from recalcitrant maize genotypes, such as the B73 derivative FR27rhm.
Distributed estimation of inter-area oscillation modes in large power systems using alternating direction multiplier method

In this paper we present a distributed algorithmic approach to estimate the electro-mechanical oscillation modes of a large power system network using real-time Synchrophasor measurements of phase angles and frequencies. Considering the underlying network to exhibit strong coherency, we are particularly interested in estimating the inter-area oscillation frequencies and their damping factors in a distributed fashion. For this we first integrate the centralized Prony method with a commonly used distributed optimization algorithm, namely, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and show how the resulting approach can utilize PMU data to identify the modes of interest asymptotically. We illustrate our results using IEEE 39-bus, and 68-bus power systems, and also show the robustness of our method in face of communication failures.
IIR filters using stochastic arithmetic

We consider the design of IIR filters operating on oversampled sigma-delta modulated bit streams using stochastic arithmetic. Conventional digital filters process multi-bit data at the Nyquist rate using multi-bit multipliers and adders. High resolution ADCs based on the sigma-delta modulation generate random bits at an oversampled rate as intermediate data. We propose to filter the sigma-delta modulated bit streams directly and present first and second order low pass IIR filters based on the stochastic integrator. Experimental results show a significant reduction in hardware area by using stochastic filters.
Byproduct Gas Optimal Distribution Model and its Application for Iron and Steel Enterprises

A MILP model for optimization of byproduct gas supply in the iron and steel making process is proposed. This model can make the holder fluctuate keep in the normal range, prevent unfavorable byproduct gas emission or shortage, minimize oil consumption and switch the burners in the boil, and it can simultaneously maximize the efficiency of energy resource usage in the iron and steel making process.
Rethinking admissions criteria in graduate and professional programs

The authors discuss current admissions criteria, their validity in predicting graduate student success, and a potentially more effective model for predicting the success of various graduate student clienteles, including women, minorities, and older students. Innovative admissions criteria are also considered.
An opponent-process theory of motivation: III. Some affective dynamics in imprinting

Abstract The theory suggests that for immature precocial birds, the stimulation from an appropriate imprinting object innately arouses a primary effective process that is hedonically pleasant. The occurrence of this process automatically generates (via an opponent loop system) an opponent-process which is hedonically unpleasant. When the imprinting object is withdrawn, the primary process rapidly terminates, but the opponent-process persists, unopposed, for some time. By assuming that the opponent-process becomes stronger with its repeated (or prolonged) arousal, it is possible to account for many of the motivational factors in imprinting. These include: (1) the pattern of distress vocalization that occurs when an imprinting object is first presented to and then withdrawn from newly hatched ducklings, (2) the reinforcement and punishment effects that characterize imprinting, and (3) the priming effects that occur in the context of imprinting.
Right Aortic Arch With Kommerell Diverticulum A Rare Cause of Dysphagia

Importance Dysphagia is a common condition with multiple causes. Fortunately, a thorough evaluation will often lead to a correct diagnosis, even when the cause is a rare entity. A right aortic arch with associated aberrant left subclavian artery is an uncommon anatomical variant. Physicians involved in the management of dysphagia should be aware of vascular anomalies that can cause dysphagia. Observations We report a case of a young patient who presented with dysphagia caused by a right aortic arch, aberrant left subclavian artery, and associated Kommerell diverticulum, a remnant of the left dorsal arch. Conclusions and Relevance Kommerell diverticulum, a remnant of the left dorsal arch, is a rare cause of dysphagia. However, vascular causes should be considered in the algorithm when evaluating patients who present with dysphagia, especially when there is compression of the esophagus noted on imaging or examination.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Renal Failure: A Comparison Between Transplant and Dialysis Patients

This study analyzed the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) from a single institution of patients with renal failure, including renal dialysis patients (9 patients, 9 hips) and renal transplant patients (28 patients, 36 hips). There were 12 revisions and a 61% complication rate in the transplant group. In the dialysis group, 1 patient was revised, and there was a 33% complication rate. Transplant patients were younger, more active, and lived longer, but had higher cumulative rates of revision and complications with longer follow-up. Dialysis patients, in contrast, had a short survival but a lower rate of complications and revisions. These data differ from previous reports of acceptable outcomes with low complication rates of THA in transplant patients. Efforts to minimize complications in these patients are justified.
Experimental variations in sonic fragility of red cells.

A magnetostriction oscillator has been used for determining the relative fragility of human red cells to 9000 cycle vibrations under some different environmental conditions. The destruction of the cells is a logarithmic function of time according to the equation See PDF for Equation. Hypertonic saline solution, saponin, preheating, alcohol, and ether in subhemolytic concentrations decrease the fragility of human red cells subjected to sonic oscillation. Hypotonic saline, preheating to 50°C. for 3 minutes, and hemolytic concentrations of ether increase the fragility of red cells to 9 kc. vibrations. Following preheating of the cells, and in the presence of saponin the destruction deviates slightly from a true logarithmic rate of hemolysis.
Real-time meshless deformation

In this paper, we articulate a meshless computational paradigm for the effective modeling, accurate physical simulation, and real-time animation of point-sampled solid objects. Both the interior and the boundary geometry of our volumetric object representation only consist of points, further extending the powerful and popular method of point-sampled surfaces to the volumetric setting. We build the point-based physical model upon continuum mechanics, which affords to effectively model the dynamic elastic behavior of point-based volumetric objects. When only surface samples are provided, our prototype system first generates both interior volumetric points and a volumetric distance field with octree structure. The physics of these volumetric points in a solid interior are simulated using the Meshless Moving Least Squares (MLS) shape functions. In sharp contrast to the traditional finite element method (FEM), the meshless property of our new technique expedites the accurate representation and precise simulation of the underlying discrete model, without the need of domain meshing. In order to achieve real-time simulations, we utilize the warped modal analysis method that is locally linear in nature but globally warped to account for rotational deformation. The structural simplicity and real-time performance of our meshless simulation framework are ideal for interactive animation and game/movie production. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Large-Footprint Scanning Airborne Lidar To Estimate Forest Stand Characteristics in the Western Cascades of Oregon

Abstract A scanning lidar, a relatively new type of sensor which explicitly measures canopy height, was used to measure structure of conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest. SLICER (Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery), an airborne pulsed laser developed by NASA which scans a swath of five 10-m diameter footprints along the aircraft’s flightpath, captures the power of the reflected laser pulse as a function of height from the top of the canopy to the ground. Ground measurements of forest stand structure were collected on 26 plots with coincident SLICER data. Height, basal area, total biomass, and leaf biomass as estimated from field data could be predicted from SLICER-derived metrics with r 2 values of 0.95, 0.96, 0.96, and 0.84, respectively. These relationships were strong up to a height of 52 m, basal area of 132 m 2 /ha and total biomass of 1300 Mg/ha. In light of these strong relationships, large-footprint, airborne scanning lidar shows promise for characterizing stand structure for management and research purposes.
Experience with ridge-till on slowly permeable soils in Ohio

Abstract Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate permanent raised beds and/or permanent ridges for use on slowly permeable soils. The soils were a typic ochraqualf, an aeric ochraqualf associated with a typic argiaquoll, and a mollic ochraqualf. These soils are formed in a loess mantle, glacial till and lacustrine-influenced glacial till (lakebed), respectively, and all are classified as naturally poorly drained soils. Overall performance of the raised seed placement zone systems was equal to or better than conventional plow-based tillage systems. Plant stands were more uniform over a range of improved drainage levels and grain yields were always highest with the bed or ridge system. The minimum tillage and controlled traffic aspects of these systems greatly improved trafficability and illustrated that plowing is not required for efficient production on these slowly permeable soils.
Chemical‐Mechanical Polishing for Polysilicon Surface Micromachining

This paper explores the use of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) in polysilicon surface micromachining for removing the inherent surface roughness of polysilicon to create a mirror surface finish and for globally planarizing the wafer surface to extend mechanical design capabilities in polysilicon surface micromachining processes. It is demonstrated that device fabrication with polished polysilicon films deposited over unpolished ones benefit from improved feature definition and delineation and better sidewall quality. Experiments were performed to determine the effect of CMP process parameters on the polysilicon removal rate and surface roughness reduction rate. Undoped and heavily phosphorus-doped 11 μm thick polysilicon films were polished with roughness reduction rates of 47 and 71 A/min, respectively; removal rates of 167 and 513 A/min were achieved. The undoped and heavily phosphorous-doped films, which had initial average roughness values of 580 and 517 A, respectively, were polished down to average roughness values of 17 and 19 A. A 15:1 polysilicon to oxide selectivity was achieved and utilized for global planarization to create polysilicon islands in oxide.
The Relationship between Social Status and Atherosclerosis in Male and Female Monkeys as Revealed by Meta-Analysis

More than 25 years ago our laboratory reported sex-dependent relationships between social status and coronary artery atherosclerosis among cholesterol-fed cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) maintained in social groups of four to six animals each. Dominant males developed more atherosclerosis than subordinates, but only if housed in recurrently reorganized social groups. In contrast, dominant females developed significantly less atherosclerosis than subordinates, irrespective of social setting. Although we have continued to study these associations, no confirmatory investigations have been reported by other laboratories or using other atherosclerosis-susceptible monkey species. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis of all relevant data sources developed in our laboratory since 1982 to determine whether the originally reported relationships between social status and atherosclerosis reflected robust associations. The sentinel (first) studies were composed of 16 females and 27 males. The current meta-analysis encompassed 419 animals (200 females and 219 males) derived from 11 separate investigations. The results confirmed that, among males, dominant individuals developed more extensive atherosclerosis than subordinates when housed in recurrently reorganized (unstable) social groups in which an estrogen-implanted female was also present. Dominant males in stable social groups tended to have less atherosclerosis than similarly housed subordinates, but this effect was not significant. On the contrary, we found that dominant females developed reliably less atherosclerosis than subordinates.