cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deity from a Python, Earth from a Hen, Humankind from Mystery: Narrative and Knowledge in Yorùbá Cosmology

0 0 1 135 773 UNC Asheville 6 1 907 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE Yoruba cosmology Represents a significant gap in Yoruba studies. Unfortunately, originary narratives Within this cosmology trend not to be Explicitly investigated at the level of epistemology. The concerns methodology, phenomenological studies of Yoruba cosmology are rare and Typically gain less traction than studies produced using preponderant social scientific approaches. In this essay, Entitled "Deity from the Python Earth from the Hen, Humankind from Mystery: Narrative and Knowledge in Yoruba Cosmology, "I argue que the phenomenological analysis of originary narratives in Yoruba cosmology illumines the presence of orienting concepts . que articulate the Yoruba epistemological perspective We find in some of these narratives five orienting concepts que convey this perspective: mystery, relationality materially-based, unpredictability, the permanency of existential conflict, and irresolution.
Microvascular autotransplantation of the intra-abdominal testis.

AbstractThe operative management of intra-abdominal testes is controversial, largely because there is no method of orchiopexy that can reliably produce good results. We report our results on the use of microvascular autotransplantation of intra-abdominal testes. We performed 12 autotransplants in 10 boys ranging in age from 10 months to 14 years (median age 30 months). In each instance the testis had been localized previously by laparoscopy or it was known to be intra-abdominal and was believed to be grossly normal in appearance. The vascular anastomoses of the spermatic to the inferior epigastric vessels were performed by an experienced microvascular surgeon using 10-zero nylon suture and 40 times magnification. Biopsies were taken at operation in 9 patients.Followup of 6 to 30 months is available in 7 patients and all 8 testes are palpably normal and in good scrotal position. This approach is feasible even in small children and the results seem to be superior to the expected results reported with divisi...
Parameter α versus number of iterations in Karmarkar's algorithm for LP

Karmarkar's projective transformation algorithm for solving a linear program (LP) is the first polynomial time algorithm which was published in 1984. This algorithm implemented in Mathematica in this article has used a real parameter 0 < α < 1 whose value affects its convergence. That is, for different values of a, the number of iterations required to obtain a desired accuracy will be different. We study here if, for a given LP, there is an optimal a for which the number of iterations will be minimum subject to the precision of the computer. Also we investigate how α behaves from one LP to another.
End-stage renal disease and severe aortic stenosis: Does valve replacement improve one-year outcomes?

Background Treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and severe aortic stenosis (AS) includes balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), surgical (SAVR), or transcatheter (TAVR) aortic valve replacement. We compared outcomes among these strategies. Methods A retrospective review of patients with ESRD undergoing treatment for severe AS between 07/2007 and 06/2015 was performed at our center. Patients were classified based on treatment: BAV-only, TAVR, or SAVR. Baseline characteristics and 30-day outcomes were compared among groups. A 1-year survival analysis was performed. Results Of 85 patients, 25 (29.4%) underwent BAV, 30 (35.3%) TAVR, and 30 (35.3%) SAVR. Patients in the SAVR group, compared to the BAV or TAVR patients, were younger (63 vs. 74 vs. 71 years, P = 0.02) and had less prior stroke (3.3% vs. 12.0% vs. 30.0%, P = 0.008). While all BAV patients had NYHA class III/IV, 93.3% and 76.7% of patients had NYHA class III/IV in the TAVR and SAVR group, respectively (P = 0.001). BAV patients were less likely to have atrial fibrillation than TAVR or SAVR patients (16.0% vs. 43.3% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.03). All patients were high risk, but there was a statistical trend to lower STS scores in the SAVR group (8.6% vs. 13.5% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.08). There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality (16.7% vs. 10.0% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.74), but BAV treated patients had an increased 1-year mortality compared to those treated with TAVR or SAVR (87.0% vs. 32.0%, vs. 36.7%, P=<0.001). Independent predictors of 1-year mortality were a higher STS score (HR 1.026, 95%CI 1.002–1.051) and BAV-only strategy (BAV vs. TAVR: HR 3.961, 95%CI 1.595–9.840), but dialysis duration and type, and SAVR versus TAVR were not. Conclusions Patients with ESRD and severe AS have a similar and higher survival with TAVR or SAVR when compared to BAV at 1-year. These results may influence patient care decisions favoring valve replacement in AS patients with ESRD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parental leave policies in graduate medical education: A systematic review.

Background A thorough understanding of attitudes toward and program policies for parenthood in graduate medical education (GME) is essential for establishing fair and achievable parental leave policies and fostering a culture of support for trainees during GME. Methods A systematic review of the literature was completed. Non-cohort studies, studies completed or published outside of the United States, and studies not published in English were excluded. Studies that addressed the existence of parental leave policies in GME were identified and were the focus of this study. Results Twenty-eight studies addressed the topic of the existence of formal parental leave policies in GME, which was found to vary across time and ranged between 22 and 90%. Support for such policies persisted across time. Conclusions Attention to formal leave policies in GME has traditionally been lacking, but may be increasing. Negative attitudes towards parenthood in GME persist. Active awareness of the challenges faced by parent-trainees combined with formal parental leave policy implementation is important in supporting parenthood in GME.
Factors Affecting User Response to Polygon Displays

The concept of polygon displays as error detection devices is a recent area of interest in such environments as nuclear power plants and airplane and helicopter cockpits. Operators in these areas a...
Wearables for Promoting Physical Activity

BACKGROUND: The rapid expansion and popularity of consumer-wearable physical activity monitors (WPAMs) has enabled the integration of technology into physical activity (PA) intervention, deployment, and evaluation. This brief review reports on the accuracy of consumer-WPAMs, considers the intervention effects of using consumer-WPAMs, and offers future considerations as the proliferation of this area of product development and consumer use continues to escalate. CONTENT: The studies reviewed document the utility for consumer-WPAMs to objectively assess PA, with output metrics similar to research-grade activity monitors. Early intervention efficacy for the use of consumer-WPAMs to increase PA holds considerable promise. Substantial increases in moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) have been reported across different research study designs and populations in which consumer-WPAMs have been used in isolation or in conjunction with other behavioral change strategies. The utility of consumer-WPAMs is currently being investigated in clinical populations, notably showing increases in PA in individuals at risk for cancer or post cancer survivors, in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in postsurgical patients. There has been a proliferation of registered trials at clinicaltrials.gov, and an increase of disseminated works regarding the use of consumer-WPAMs is expected. SUMMARY: There are many research studies documenting the validity and intervention effectiveness of consumer-WPAMs; evidence is emerging on the health benefits linked to use of such devices. Future work on the long-term effects of consumer-WPAMs on behavior and health is warranted, and prospects appear exciting as wearable technology advances and adoption increases.
A physics-based approach to motion capture data processing for virtual plant modeling and simulation

Dynamic virtual plant simulation is an attractive research issue in both botany and computer graphics. Data-driven method is an efficient way for motion analysis and animation synthesis. As a widel...
Treatment of the infected total knee arthroplasty with insertion of another prosthesis: The effect of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement

Eighty-six patients with 89 infected total knee arthroplasties were treated with insertion of another prosthesis. Treatment was not according to an established protocol for parameters, such as delay between removal of the infected prosthesis and insertion of the new prosthesis, duration of antibiotics, use of antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers or beads, and use of antibiotic-impregnated cement for prosthetic fixation at revision surgery. Final followup averaged 52 months (range, 6-126 months). Complications occurred in 30 (33.7%) knees, with recurrent deep infection developing in 10 (11.24%) knees. Patient age, medical diagnosis, type of microorganism, duration of parenteral antibiotics, delay between the resection and revision surgery, and use of antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers or beads were not correlated with the cure rate of infection. Use of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement for prosthesis fixation at revision surgery was the only variable that correlated with the cure rate of deep infection. Seven (28%) of the 25 knees without antibiotic-impregnated cement for prosthesis fixation developed recurrent infection compared with 3 (4.7%) of 64 knees with antibiotic-impregnated cement for prosthesis fixation. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0025, log-rank test).
High Frequency Acoustic Bottom Backscatter Mechanisms at Shallow Grazing Angles

The study of high frequency acoustic bottom backscatter at shallow grazing angles is only now emerging from infancy. With significant increases over the past ten years, the quantity of in situ data is just beginning to reach levels sufficient for meaningful analyses. Backscattering strength tends to follow Lambert’s rule at shallow grazing angles. Two main groups emerge from the database, suggesting two independent scattering processes: one driven by grains and the other by bubbles.
Mechanical Behavior of a Tri-modal Al Matrix Composite

Mechanical milling at cryogenic temperatures (cryomilling) was applied to fabricate a composite powder with 20 wt. % B4C (submicron-to-several microns in size) in a nanocrystalline (NC) 5083 Al matrix. A uniformly blended powder with 50 wt. % cryomilled composite powder and 50 wt. % coarse-grained (CG) 5083 Al powder was degassed, cold isostatic pressed (CIPped) and extruded to form a composite with 10 wt. % B4C, 50 wt. % CG 5083 Al and balance NC 5083 Al. This tri-modal material was then tested for mechanical behavior under compressive and tensile load conditions at various temperatures. The composite exhibited an extremely high yield stress at room temperature, but limited ductility. Although the composite lost its strength at elevated testing temperatures rapidly, the retained strength was still much higher than that of the conventional 5083 Al. The composite exhibits its highest ductility of 26% at 200°C under tensile load. In compression, it plastically deformed uniformly at all the elevated temperatures (≥373 K) and did not fracture even when the deformation exceeded 30%. The microstructure of this composite, including the distribution of each phase, the grain sizes of the Al matrix, the interfaces between these three phases, and the fracture surfaces were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy (OM) techniques. The relationship between the microstructures and mechanical properties was discussed.
Tip Enhanced Strong Coupling of a Single Emitter at Room Temperature

We use a configurable plasmonic nano-cavity with a nanoscopic mode volume to achieve and control strong coupling to a single quantum dot under ambient conditions using tip-enhanced photoluminescence spectroscopy. © 2019 The Author(s)
Erasure Corrections in Tensor Product DFT Codes

A new class of long codes that encode numerical values into codewords with numerical symbols is constructed using a Kronecker product of two shorter discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code-checking matrices. These tensor product codes can correct declared erasures up to the capabilities of the two underlying DFT codes. The erasure correction procedures are done in two stages. The first involves pre-syndromes that correct some of the items that are affected by codeword erasures. The newly corrected pre-syndromes, in turn, establish corrections for erased codeword symbols. Some comparisons with long standard DFT codes are included.
A Concurrent Neural Network (CNN) Method for RNA-binding Site Prediction

The RNA-binding site on a protein consists of the amino acid residues that directly interact with RNA. Identification of RNA-binding sites on the proteins is key to understanding various post-transcriptional regulations. To determine RNA-binding sites using experimental methods has the limitations of high costs and low throughput. Computational methods offer an attractive alternate solution. Despite the many successes that have been claimed by various research groups, current computational methods still suffer relatively low accuracy in independent tests. Therefore, there is an urging need to develop better computational methods. In this study, we applied a deep learning method, namely concurrent neural network (CNN), to identify RNA-binding residues on the proteins. In a five-fold cross validation, the CNN achieved an accuracy of 97.2% with 0.98 area under curve (AUC). Comparisons shows that the deep learning method is superior to other state-of-the-art machine learning methods, including support vector machine and Random Forest.
Change in cervical length and spontaneous preterm birth in nulliparous women with a history of loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

Background: Prior studies have shown an association between history of loop electrode procedures (LEEP) and spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) independent of mid-trimester cervical length. These s...
Anti-Markovnikov Hydroazidation of Activated Olefins via Organic Photoredox Catalysis

Organic azides serve as synthetically useful surrogates for primary amines, a functional group which is ubiquitous in bioactive and medicinally relevant molecules. Historically, the formal hydroazidation of simple activated olefins and styrenes has proven difficult due to the inherent propensity of these compounds to oligomerize. Herein is disclosed a method for the anti-Markovnikov hydroazidation of activated olefins, catalyzed by an organic acridinium salt under irradiation from blue LEDs. This method is applicable to a variety of substituted and terminal styrenes and several vinyl ethers, yielding synthetically versatile hydroazidation products in moderate to excellent yield.
Inheritance and Fitness Costs of Cry3Bb1 Resistance in Diapausing Field Strains of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Field-evolved resistance to Cry3Bb1 corn by western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Colleoptera: Chrysomellidae), has been reported in field populations in Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota. Inheritance and fitness costs associated with Cry3Bb1 resistance have been determined for non-diapausing laboratory strains of western corn rootworm with either laboratory-selected resistance or field-derived resistance. However, information on inheritance and fitness costs of Cry3Bb1 resistance in the diapausing field populations is lacking. In this study, we determined the inheritance of Cry3Bb1 resistance for four diapausing field strains of western corn rootworm using plant-based bioassays. We also determined the fitness costs for eight diapausing field populations in a greenhouse experiment. We found that Cry3Bb1 resistance was an autosomal trait and that the inheritance of resistance was mostly non-recessive; however, there was some variation in the dominance of Cry3Bb1 resistance. We did not find evidence of fitness costs affecting survival to adulthood, developmental rate, or adult dry mass. However, we did detect a fitness cost affecting adult size. The results of this study will add to the current understanding of field-evolved resistance to Cry3Bb1 corn by western corn rootworm and help in developing better strategies to manage resistance.
In vivo education of CIK cells for anti tumor therapy

4641 Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are broadly active tumoricidal immune cells, and are capable of recognizing and lysing a wide range of hematologic and solid tumors in vivo independent of MHC. These cells can be derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation and expansion ex vivo. Autologous and allogeneic CIK cells have been tested in a number of clinical trials and demonstrated efficacy in patients with hepatoma, renal cell cancer, and hematological malignancies. Pre-clinical studies suggest they will also be effective in treating breast and ovarian cancer. For pre-clinical studies, CIK cells are derived from murine splenocytes that are similarly treated ex vivo with cytokines (IFNgamma, and IL2 or IL12) and α-CD3. The resulting activated cells possess phenotypic markers of both T cells (e.g., CD3) and NK cells (e.g., DX5 in mice and CD56 in humans) and functional NK cell proteins (NKG2D). In addition to their efficacy against primary tumors, CIK cells have been used to combat minimal residual disease (e.g., following a bone marrow transplant) in patients, highlighting their potential use in curbing metastases and preventing relapse from states of remission. Despite the remarkable clinical promise of this immunotherapy, the requirement for a 12-14 day ex vivo education increases time and expense compromising their use in routine clinical applications. The most time consuming step in the education process is a 10 day long expansion at the end of the CIK culturing process which requires constant IL2 or IL12 stimulation. In this project we aim to overcome this problem by substantially shortening the ex vivo education procedure by delivery of IL12 after injection of CIK precursors in vivo. An additional advantage of this strategy is the strong anti-tumor effect of IL12. For the delivery of IL12 we are pursuing two strategies. In a first approach we deliver IL12 by intraperitoneal injections, in a second line of experiments we inject an IL12 expressing Adenovirus into the tumor. We are studying the distribution and homing of CIK cells and their tumoricidal efficacy in response to IL12 by means of optical imaging in vivo. For this purpose we established a mouse model based on a Luciferase expressing FVB CIK cell donor mouse (“L2G85”) and Luciferase expressing FVB derived DB7 mouse mammary tumor cells. In different sets of experiments this enables us to track CIK cells and quantify tumor growth and regression in response to CIK treatment in vivo in an MHC matched model. The FVB derived cells are allografted into T-cell deficient nude mice for optimal optical imaging conditions. Furthermore, the use of nude mice eliminates any IL12 dependent tumor regression which was shown to be T-cell dependent and lead to complete DB7 tumor regression in FVB mice making the described studies impossible. The results of this study have the potential to eliminate one of the major problems in the clinical applications of CIK as a highly promising agent in cancer therapy.
Interplay between state anxiety, heart rate variability, and cognition: An ex-Gaussian analysis of response times.

Abstract The present study employed an ex-Gaussian model of response times (RTs) to elucidate the cognitive processes related to experimentally induced state anxiety (SA) and vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), an indicator of adaptive responses in both cognitive and affective domains. Participants (n = 110) completed a dual task composed of (i) a flanker attention and (2) working memory load task, while SA was induced by threat of noise. Electrocardiography was measured during the dual task and during four baseline periods in order to calculate vmHRV. RTs on the flanker task were fit to an ex-Gaussian distribution, which estimated three RT parameters: mu (Gaussian mean), sigma (Gaussian SD), and tau (combination of exponential mean and SD). First, findings indicate that threat of noise was associated with reductions in mu and tau, suggesting that SA might improve attention and motor responding. Second, higher resting vmHRV was associated with lower tau (averaged across conditions) and stronger threat-related decreases in tau. Third, intra-individual decreases in vmHRV were accompanied by concomitant decreases in tau. These findings support roles for trait and state vagal control in guiding adaptive anxiety-related (and anxiety-unrelated) attentional responses. Findings are consistent with extant theories that emphasize functional interrelations among emotion, cognition, and vagal function.
Phishing Website Detection Based on Machine Learning Algorithm

Phishing websites are a means to deceive users’ personal information by using various means to impersonate the URL address and page content of a real website. This paper analyzes the structural features of the URL of the phishing website, extracts 12 kinds of features, and uses four machine learning algorithms for training. Then, use the best performing algorithm as our model to identify unknown URLs. After the recognition is completed, a snapshot of the web page is extracted and compared with the regular web page snapshot to implement the recommendation of the original regular web page of the phishing web page.
Challenges in Predicting Discharge Disposition for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Patients.

ABSTRACT Background Changes in discharge disposition and delays in discharge negatively impact the patient and hospital system. Our objectives were 1 to determine the accuracy with which trauma and emergency general surgery (TEGS) providers could predict the discharge disposition for patients and 2 determine the factors associated with incorrect predictions. Methods Discharge dispositions and barriers to discharge for 200 TEGS patients were predicted individually by members of the multidisciplinary TEGS team within 24 h of patient admission. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions determined the associations between patient characteristics and correct predictions. Results A total of 1,498 predictions of discharge disposition were made by the multidisciplinary TEGS team for 200 TEGS patients. Providers correctly predicted 74% of discharge dispositions. Prediction accuracy was not associated with clinical experience or job title. Incorrect predictions were independently associated with older age (OR 0.98; P Conclusion The TEGS team can accurately predict the majority of discharge dispositions. Patients with risk factors for unpredictable dispositions should be flagged to better allocate appropriate resources and more intensively plan their discharges.
Timing of Androgen Deprivation Treatment for Men with Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer in the Context of Novel Therapies

Purpose:There were 3 recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals for drugs to be used in nonmetastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, a state that arises from the unproven start of co...
Glass for 5G applications

The present drive for higher bandwidth has moved the mobile carrier frequency range to >5 GHz and possibly to >20 GHz in the near future. This has fueled the rapid development of 5 G and mm-wave technologies. The increased bandwidths available in the mm-wave frequency range allow for applications that require high-data-rate communications, which is not possible at lower frequencies due to Shannon's Capacity Theorem. However, the mm-wave frequency also presents a challenge to device performance due to the limitation on material properties. Many incumbent materials, such as silicon, ceramic, and polymer based substrates, suffer from high dielectric loss, rough surface, or poor durability to process chemistry. Silicate glass, on the other hand, has been shown to exhibit low dielectric loss, smooth surface, and high resistance to process chemistry. In addition, modern manufacturing technology has enabled silicate glass to be made with large size and thin form factor, which provides a clear advantage to lowering the cost. While many attributes of glass may be already familiar to the general scientific community, dielectric properties in the mm-wave frequency range have not been extensively reviewed. In this report, we show that mm-wave dielectric property can be changed by glass composition and post-forming processes. We also show examples of mm-wave devices that can be made with glass.
Personal Reflection: From Regional University to Premier Research Institution: Multiple Forms and Applications of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

This reflective essay describes the distinct ways that the scholarship of teaching and university has been integrated into the academic culture at two very different universities with the suggestion that universities who actively study their own relationship and history with SoTL can make some empowering discoveries.
The Cost of Labor Market Information: Male Youth Job Search Behavior

In recent years theoretical articles have been developed that relate frictional unemployment to the efforts of individuals in acquiring labor market information, especially information about alternative wage rates (Stigler, 1962; McCall, 1970; Mortensen, 1970; Gronau, 1971; Salop, 1973). Information regarding labor market conditions, possibly even information leading to a job offer, is collected by the individual as he engages in job search. The information thus collected is costly and sets up the central problem of the searcher: how to balance the possibility of wage gains against the cost of continued job search.Most theoritical articles suggest that income will be maximized if the individual persists in looking for a job as long as the expected incremental wage gain is at least as great as the marginal cost of continued search. Yet too little attention has been to the cost of looking for a job.
Optical enhancement of photoluminescence with colloidal quantum dots

This work investigates colloidal, semiconductor Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) QDs with optical spectroscopy measurements. A custom-built microscope has been used for photoluminescence spectroscopy and has collected images, videos, and spectra of samples to study the effects of substrates, sample density, uniformity, and QD aging with time. This set up will be used to detect single to a few molecules, shown by fluorescent intermittency, or QD blinking. Differences in the spectrum will be noted as related to the age of samples, the density of the quantum dots, and the concentration of samples. Further experiments include the potential plasmonic enhancement of QD photoluminescence by gold nanoparticles or nanostructures.
Can Nearby Resonances Enhance D^0 - anti-D^0 Mixing?

We consider the possibility that D^0 - anti-D^0 mixing undergoes resonant enhancement. Various scenarios are explored, including the potential effects of nearby pseudoscalar or scalar quark-antiquark (Q - anti-Q) resonances as well as of hybrid quark-antiquark-gluon Q - anti-Q G states. Assuming reasonable values for the resonance parameters we find relatively sizeable contributions from individual resonances to both \Delta m_D and \Delta \Gamma_D. We derive a variant of the GIM cancellation mechanism for the resonance amplitudes and show that broken SU(3) can allow for sizeable residual effects. Additional input from meson spectroscopy and lattice gauge simulations will be needed to improve the accuracy of these predictions.
Steele's Straightforward Torts

This reference book is a summary presentation of elements and notes on the common law of torts in the United States. It is intended to support students as a resource for the study of American law. Coverage includes: assault, battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, fraud, false imprisonment, prima facie tort, false arrest and arrest privilege, merchant's privilege, defenses of self, other and property, consent, recklessness, insurance, negligence, landowner negligence, negligence per se, medical malpractice, spoliation, express assumption of risk, implied assumption of risk, informed consent, contributory negligence, comparative fault, imputation of negligence, attractive nuisance, strict liability, strict product liability, necessity, damages, punitive damages, wrongful death, survival, res ipsa loquitur and proof, joint and multiple liabilities, Tarasoff liability, negligence infliction of emotional distress, rescue doctrine, firefighter rule, economic loss rule, duty, causation, affirmative duty, trespass, conversion, private and public nuisance, defamation, privacy, interference, wrongful termination, workers' compensation, Federal Tort Claims Act, and constitutional torts.
The Cleanroom Approach to Quality Software Development

What Is the Cleanroom Method?. What Has Been the Experience with Cleanroom?. How To Get Started with Cleanroom. The How To's of Cleanroom Software Development. The How To's of Correctness Verification. The How To's of Cleanroom Testing. Software Reliability. Where Can Cleanroom Lead?. Appendices. Index.
Are Administrative Pay Systems a Veil? Evidence from Within-firm Data

Using detailed personnel data from a firm, we analyze the real effects of the kind of compensation system that is used in many large firms--the Hay system. Such compensation systems are highly centralized and bureaucratic, with little ability for managers to adjust incentives for different job designs, individuals, and circumstances. We find that this system does appear to have real effects, particularly for those who are at the maximum salary in their allowable range. Such employees tend to have falling performance ratings and salary growth, are less likely to win promotion, and are more likely to exit the firm. We interpret these facts as suggesting that such employees have lower motivation from the incentive system than other employees. Moreover, the firm's bonus system is not designed to mitigate these effects. These findings suggest that theories emphasizing such formal, bureaucratic pay systems (e.g., influence costs) may be very important in understanding actual incentive contracting schemes.
Fatigue Strength of Fillet Welded Cruciform Joints

A method for determining the fatigue strength of fillet welded cruciform joints is presented. The inadequacy of the present fatigue specification is examined through comparison with experimental data. The significance of the lack of penetration occurring at the weld root upon experimental fatigue is presented. A fracture mechanics model of the fatigue behavior is developed and correlated with experimental results. Design equations based on the model and a design example are presented.
Average implication between sequences: some basic results

The investigations begun by W. Bandler and S.I. Hruska (1992) are continued and generalized. A property of implication operators is defined which gives a concrete construction of optimal and pessimal pairings for arbitrary given sequences, thereby determining upper and lower bounds for the average degree of implication between them. Three of the most commonly used operators are shown to possess this property. High and low values obtainable by all operators for suitable special sequences are described, and are seen to be actual least upper and greatest lower bounds, respectively, for each of the same three operators. >
A Review of “The Porn Trap”

The Porn Trap: The Essential Guide to Overcoming Problems Caused by Pornography is a beneficial book not only for individuals struggling with pornography issues but also for spouses and clinicians....
Bearing the Weight of the World: On the Extent of an Individual's Environmental Responsibility

To what extent is any individual morally obligated to live environmentally sustainably? In answering this, I reject views I see as constituting two extremes. On one, it depends entirely on whether there exists a collective agreement; and if no such agreement exists, no one is obligated to reduce her/his consumption or pollution unilaterally. On the other, the lack of a collective agreement is morally irrelevant, and regardless of what others are doing, each person is obligated to limit her/his pollution and consumption to a level that would be sustainable if everyone were to act in this way. I argue that the truth is somewhere between these, but that a very precise specification of the extent of one's responsibility is impossible. Roughly, what can be said is that each individual ought constantly to strive to do more than she/he does currently and to push her/himself into new, uncomfortable territory, though no one is obligated to martyr her/himself for an environmental cause.
Spectroscopic properties and potential energy curves of 29 electronic states of YH

Abstract Complete active space MCSCF (CASSCF) followed by second-order configuration interaction and relativistic configuration interaction calculations are carried out on 29 electronic states of YH. The spectroscopic properties ( R e , ω e , T e ) of these electronic states are reported many of which have not been observed yet. A number of dipole-allowed electronic transitions are predicted for YH which are yet to be observed. The Mulliken population analysis of the electronic states reveals considerable ionic character of metal-H bond and considerable dsp mixing in the lowlying states.
Inference of a minimum size boolean function from examples by using a new efficient branch-and-bound approach

This paper deals with the problem of identifying a hidden Boolean function ℱ: 0, 1' → 0, 1 from positive and negative examples. This problem is of paramount importance in many real life applications of artificial intelligence. The method proposed in this paper is based on a branch-and-bound approach. This approach is an expansion of some earlier work (Triantaphyllouet al., 1994). Computational results, comparing the new method with one based on Karmakar's interior point method, suggest that the new method is very efficient.
New Insights in the Cryptonemiales–Rhodymeniales Complex and Resurrection of the Allied Red Algal Order Nemastomatales Kylin 1925 as Inferred From rbcL Sequence Analysis and Comparative Reproductive Morphology

In a global molecular phylogeny of florideophycean red algae inferred from chloroplast-encoded rbcL sequence analysis, a major monophyletic assemblage comprises the Cryptonemiales (=Halymeniales), the Rhodymeniales, the Schizymeniaceae (Schizymenia, Titanophora, Platoma) and the Nemastomataceae (Nemastoma, Predaea). The phylogenetic significance of the auxiliary cell and its interaction with the fertilized egg cell in this assemblage is discussed in relation to established and newly proposed classification schemes. The order Nemastomatales Kylin 1925 is reinstated and emended to contain the nonprocarpic Schizymeniaceae and Nemastomataceae. Unifying characters of the Nemastomatales include fertilized carpogonia that may establish fusions with carpogonial nutritive cells prior to the formation of septate connecting filaments, and simple gonimoblasts developing outwardly from auxiliary cells or from connecting filaments in their vicinity. The auxiliary cell is a transformed vegetative intercalary cell (Sebdeniaceae), that becomes surrounded by either clusters of nutritive cells (Nemastomataceae), involucral filaments (Schizymeniaceae) or by three-dimensional ampullary filaments (Halymeniaceae including the Corynomorphaceae), or is part of a procarp (Rhodymeniales). The homology of outward gonimoblast initiation and maturation into a simple ball of carposporangia in the Cryptonemiales, Rhodymeniales and Nemastomatales will be illustrated.
Pipelining in dynamic programming architectures

Novel computation techniques to achieve fine-grain pipelining in forward dynamic programming (DP) architectures are proposed. The sequential DP algorithm is proposed using fewer finer grain pipelined processors, and increased hardware efficiency is achieved by using a novel computation sequence. Look-ahead computation is used to obtain a concurrent DP algorithm, and it is used in combination with an appropriate computation sequence to achieve further pipelining in DP architectures. The finer grain pipelined architectures are mapped to ring and mesh processor arrays, and approximately the same iteration rate is achieved as the coarse-grain pipelined architectures, but with use of much less hardware. The design of interleaved architectures using multiple clocks is also outlined. >
Instrumental improvements for rapid detailed kinetic studies of oxygenase activity

The characteristics of an electronic differentiator that facilitates continuous monitoring of changes in the oxygen concentration measured by a polarographic oxygen electrode are described. In addition, some properties of the electrode membranes that increase the sensitivity of the oxygen-sensing electrode are also described. These modifications greatly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the biological oxygen monitor for use in kinetic studies of complex enzyme systems such as soybean lipoxygenase or prostaglandin cyclooxygenase. The electronic differentiator also may be used in conjunction with other ratemonitoring instruments such as spectrophotometers and pH meters for accurate quantitation of rapidly changing rates.
Differential RISC association of endogenous human microRNAs predicts their inhibitory potential

It has previously been assumed that the generally high stability of microRNAs (miRNAs) reflects their tight association with Argonaute (Ago) proteins, essential components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). However, recent data have suggested that the majority of mature miRNAs are not, in fact, Ago associated. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous human miRNAs vary widely, by >100-fold, in their level of RISC association and show that the level of Ago binding is a better indicator of inhibitory potential than is the total level of miRNA expression. While miRNAs of closely similar sequence showed comparable levels of RISC association in the same cell line, these varied between different cell types. Moreover, the level of RISC association could be modulated by overexpression of complementary target mRNAs. Together, these data indicate that the level of RISC association of a given endogenous miRNA is regulated by the available RNA targetome and predicts miRNA function.
Constraints on General SU(2)L × SU(2)R × U(1) Electroweak Models from Nuclear Beta Decay

The minimal standard model of the electroweak interactions is consistent with all available data. Nuclear B-decay experiments contribute to this conclusion through the absence of evidence for deviations from the V-A structure of the underlying charged-current quark-lepton interaction [1]. New contributions to the β-decay interaction are expected at some level in many extensions of the minimal standard model, motivated by the problems and the shortcomings of the latter.
The relative contribution of acetate and glucose to aflatoxin biosynthesis

1. 1. Fungal secondary metabolites can be classified as acetate-derived or glucose-derived because of the permeability barrier formed by the mitochondrial membrane which separates CoASAc derived from acetate and from glucose. Simultaneous incorporation of acetate and glucose by parallel cultures of Aspergillus flavus shows that aflatoxins are acetate-derived metabolites and are probably synthesized extra-mitochondrially. 2. 2. High levels of exogenous acetate inhibit both glucose utilization and the incorporation of labels from glucose into aflatoxins.
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today

David Kaplan has argued that English does not contain operators which can 'control the character of the indexicals within [their] scope' (1989: 510). Confident in their inability to occur in the English language, Kaplan has attached to operators of this kind the unflattering label of monsters. However, a footnote in 'Demonstratives' (see 510, fn. 34) has called our attention to an alleged counter-example:
Deep crustal anatexis, magma mixing, and the generation of epizonal plutons in the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado

The Never Summer Mountains in north-central Colorado, USA, are cored by two Oligocene, epizonal granitic plutons originally emplaced in the shallow levels of a short-lived (~1 m.y.), small-volume continental magmatic system. The younger Mt. Cumulus stock (28.015 ± 0.012 Ma) is a syenogranite equivalent compositionally to topaz rhyolites. A comparison to the chemical and isotopic composition of crustal xenoliths entrained in nearby Devonian kimberlites demonstrates that the silicic melts parental to the stock were likely derived from anatexis of local Paleoproterozoic, garnet-absent, mafic lower continental crust. In contrast, the older Mt. Richthofen stock is compositionally heterogeneous and ranges from monzodiorite to monzogranite. Major and trace element abundances and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios in this stock vary regularly with increasing whole rock wt% SiO2. These data suggest that the Mt. Richthofen stock was constructed from mixed mafic and felsic magmas, the former corresponding to lithosphere-derived basaltic magmas similar isotopically to mafic enclaves entrained in the eastern portions of the stock and the latter corresponding to less differentiated versions of the silicic melts parental to the Mt. Cumulus stock. Zircon U–Pb geochronology further reveals that the Mt. Richthofen stock was incrementally emplaced over a time interval from at least 28.975 ± 0.020 to 28.742 ± 0.053 Ma. Magma mixing could have occurred either in situ in the upper crust during basaltic underplating and remelting of an antecedent, incrementally emplaced, silicic intrusive body, or at depth in the lower crust prior to periodic magma ascent and emplacement in the shallow crust. Overall, the two stocks demonstrate that magmatism associated with the Never Summer igneous complex was fundamentally bimodal in composition. Highly silicic anatectic melts of the mafic lower crust and basaltic, mantle-derived magmas were the primary melts in the magma system, with mixing of the two producing intermediate composition magmas such as those from which Mt. Richthofen stock was constructed.
Case report 414

Hodgkin du sternum et de la paroi thoracique chez une femme de 22 ans au 5eme mois d'une grossesse
The effects of family contingency contracting on disturbed sleeping behaviors in a male adolescent

Abstract This study describes the use of family contingency contracting in the treatment of chronic sleep disturbances in a 13-yr-old male. Six contracting sessions to improve family interaction and communication resulted in the total elimination of sleepwalking, sleeptalking, and nightmares. One-year follow-up revealed excellent maintenance of improvement.
Mechanical properties of antiplasticized polymer nanostructures

The effects of antiplasticization on the mechanical properties of dense arrays of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beams less than 75 nm in width were investigated through observation of the deformation and collapse of the beams during lithographic processing. Collapse properties were characterized in terms of the critical aspect ratio of collapse (CARC) vs. the spacing between adjacent beams. Nanostructures blended with an antiplasticizing agent, tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), exhibited a monotonic increase in CARC with increasing TCPP concentration, reaching a maximum at 5 wt% TCPP. Structures containing 5 wt% TCPP were observed to remain stable at aspect ratios up to 20% higher than those fabricated from pure PMMA. The CARC data were coupled with an elastic cantilever beam bending model to calculate the structures' elastic moduli, and these results were compared to three-point flexural tests on bulk TCPP-antiplasticized PMMA. The model predictions suggest that the elastic modulus of PMMA nanostructures is dimension-dependent, decreasing as the beam width is decreased below 50 nm. Antiplasticization is observed over all length scales considered in this work, and can be used to improve the mechanical properties of bulk or nanoscopic PMMA to suit end uses where a stiffer material is desired.
Lectin histochemistry of secretory and cell-surface glycoconjugates in the ovine submandibular gland.

Information about the chemical structure of ovine submandibular glycoconjugates was obtained in situ by means of a battery of peroxidase-conjugated lectins with affinity for specific terminal or internal sugars or sugar sequences in conjunction with neuraminidase digestion and periodate oxidation. Stored secretions in all mucous acinar cells contained disaccharide side chains consisting of Nacetylneuraminic acid linked to penultimate α-N-acetylgalactosamine localizing the predominant disaccharide demonstrated biochemically. A previously unrecognized disaccharide consisting of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid and penultimate β-galactose was found in 20–30% of mucous acinar cells. Occasional clusters of acini composed purely of serous cells contained an additional unrecognized glycoconjugate with oligosaccharides terminated by sialic acid with O-acetylated polyhydroxyl side chains and penultimate β-galactose. Serous demilunes, however, lacked detectable complex carbohydrate other than glycogen. Terminal sialic acid-β-galactose dimers were present on the apical surface of all ducts except for intercalated ducts coated only with neutral glycoconjugate. Fucose assayed biochemically as a minor component occurred in abundance in glycoconjugates at the apical surface of all intercalated and most striated duct cells and within some striated duct cells. Terminal α-galactose not previously detected biochemically was localized at the apex of all duct cells. These results provide new knowledge concerning the structure of ovine submandibular glycoconjugates. They also illustrate the value of histochemical methods for elucidating the diversity of complex carbohydrates in an organ, locating different glycoconjugates in different types or subtypes of epithelial cells and demonstrating intracellular sites that contain complex carbohydrate.
SU-FF-J-31: Quantitative Analysis of Prostate Motion Using Implanted Fiducial Markers Based On Port Film Image Guidance

Purpose: To assess daily localization of prostate using implanted fiducial markers with port film based image guidance. Methods and Materials: 2640 Prostate shift data for 60 patients were used to analyze the interfraction movement of the prostate. Three non‐migratable gold seeds were implanted approximately at base, apex and mid prostate. Prior to treatment, orthogonal radiographs were taken at 45° and 315° for clear visibility of the markers. The images were imported to dedicated software and the required positional shifts calculated in superior‐inferior, left‐right and anterior‐posterior directions by digitizing seeds. If shift exceeded 3 mm in any direction, the treatment table was moved to required distances and radiographs were repeated to confirm the target was within 3 mm. The dose at isocenter was also measured with port films in a phantom. Results: From the analyzed data, 57% of patients had shifts had >3mm, 28% between 3–5 mm, 25% between 5–10mm and 5% >10mm. The median values of deviation from all data were: 1.7 mm laterally, 2.0 mm longitudinally, and 3.6 mm vertically. From this data there is a risk of underdosing the PTV and delivering higher doses to the rectum and bladder without image guidance. With our treatment protocol of 7740 cGy/43 fractions the repeat portal imaging required for field verification after shift delivers an estimated average additional 287 cGy. Conclusion: From the analysis,image guidance with the appropriate modality is of prime importance for treatment of prostate cancers. The present technique of daily portal imaging gives good beam localization but with higher potential total dose than with kV based cone beam CT published in the literature.