cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VLSI implementation of incremental fixed-complexity LLL lattice reduction for MIMO detection

Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) algorithm is a common technique for lattice reduction (LR) aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors. This paper presents the first VLSI implementation of a recently published Incremental fixed-complexity LLL algorithm (Incremental fcLLL) with fewer iterations than other existing fcLLL algorithms. We propose a modified Incremental fcLLL algorithm with simplified size reduction and Siegel condition as well as the designed two-angle complex Givens rotation for column swap, which eliminates all computationally intensive operations. By exploiting the proposed modified algorithm in a pipelined architecture, the implementation on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA demonstrates a throughput of 26 cycles per matrix and near 8 M matrices per second, significantly outperforming the existing FPGA solutions.
Decidual Vasculopathy: Placental Location and Association with Ischemic Lesions.

Abstract Decidual vasculopathy (DV) is a general term for a number of lesions involving uteroplacental vessels. It is often seen in preeclamptic placentas and indicates a disorder of uteroplacental malperfusion and is associated with placental ischemia and infarction. Although some have advocated submitting special sections in order to better document DV, it is unclear which placental sections have the highest yield in demonstrating these abnormal vessels. 76 consecutive cases of decidual vasculopathy were identified and evaluated for location of DV, as well as presence of other lesions of ischemic change, infarcts and retroplacental hematomas. Sections reviewed were the membrane roll, full thickness sections of the placental disc, and sections specifically of the basal plate. DV was found in the membrane roll (MR) in 67.1% of cases, in full thickness sections (FT) in 32.9% and in the basal plate (BP) in 25.0% of cases (p value = 0.004). DV was exclusive to the MR in 53.9%, the FT in 14.5% and the BP in 9...
Eliminating CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews carbon capture and storage (CCS), lays out a number of novel concepts for coal-fired power plants that do not release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and discusses these concepts in the context of retrofits of existing power plants, in the development of advanced power plant designs, and in conjunction with adequate carbon dioxide storage options. Stabilizing the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is possible only if carbon dioxide emissions from all sources are stopped. Fossil fuels can still provide energy, but the carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion must be captured and stored safely and permanently. CCS could provide a solution to the climate-change problem, but the introduction of this novel technology is a major undertaking. From a technology development point of view, one must distinguish between retrofitting existing power plants and designing new power plants with CO2 capture fully integrated.
Professional Niche Differentiation: Understanding Dai (Traditional Midwife) Survival in Rural Rajasthan

Prescribing medicine, providing contraception, delivering babies – although we may turn to physicians, rural Rajasthani women turn to Barefoot Doctors out of necessity. Such care is available courtesy of the Barefoot College, a pioneering NGO that transforms the skills of the illiterate poor into local infrastructure. Barefoot Doctors are innovative because of their origins as dais (traditional midwives); once abundant across South Asia, dais are mostly extinct due to government/NGO interventions emphasizing “modernity”, like the Accredited Social Health Activist program. Why, then, have dais survived as Barefoot Doctors when they are extinct elsewhere? Ecological niche differentiation refers to when competing species successfully coexist; one species adapts to fulfill another role. Using over fifty interviews with stakeholders, I explain the persistence of Barefoot Doctors as health resources using “professional niche differentiation”. Barefoot Doctors exemplify how health infrastructure can be sustainable in resource-poor settings when created according to local needs and ideologies.
Present but invisible: Physical obscurity fosters social disconnection

Research suggests that we feel invisible and disconnected when others avoid our gaze. In three studies, we examine whether similar feelings may arise when others are unable to meet our gaze—when they are unaware of our presence altogether. We posit that feelings of loneliness and disconnection can arise when others are unable to sense one's physical presence. To test whether invisibility engenders loneliness, we primed participants with the invisibility construct (Studies 1–2) and manipulated actual visibility (Study 3) prior to assessing feelings of loneliness and isolation. Results revealed that being present, but unseen, is sufficient to induce loneliness. Findings are related to the ostracism and intersectional invisibility literatures, and the social costs of physical obscurity are discussed.
Multiple swing transient stability assessment with phasor measurements

This publication introduces a methodology to detect transient stability in power systems using Wide Area Measurements (WAMS). Identification of transiently stable and unstable power oscillations, for several coherent groups of machines, is achieved with the use of the proposed Out-of-Step protection methodology. This methodology is also able to detect instability after the first swing of oscillation and is capable of adapting to different system conditions.
NEIL3 Repairs Telomere Damage during S Phase to Secure Chromosome Segregation at Mitosis

Summary Oxidative damage to telomere DNA compromises telomere integrity. We recently reported that the DNA glycosylase NEIL3 preferentially repairs oxidative lesions in telomere sequences in vitro. Here, we show that loss of NEIL3 causes anaphase DNA bridging because of telomere dysfunction. NEIL3 expression increases during S phase and reaches maximal levels in late S/G2. NEIL3 co-localizes with TRF2 and associates with telomeres during S phase, and this association increases upon oxidative stress. Mechanistic studies reveal that NEIL3 binds to single-stranded DNA via its intrinsically disordered C terminus in a telomere-sequence-independent manner. Moreover, NEIL3 is recruited to telomeres through its interaction with TRF1, and this interaction enhances the enzymatic activity of purified NEIL3. Finally, we show that NEIL3 interacts with AP Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and the long-patch base excision repair proteins PCNA and FEN1. Taken together, we propose that NEIL3 protects genome stability through targeted repair of oxidative damage in telomeres during S/G2 phase.
Learning and abstraction in simulation

Complex simulation programs typically require large amounts of computation to produce highly detailed output difficult for users to understand. Building abstracted simulation systems that simplify both computation and output can make simulation both more economical and more intelligible. We describe an approach to abstracted Simulation that uses a scenario network to represent typical sequences of events in the simulation domain. Abstract simulation output is generated by probabilistically determined event-to-event transitions within the network. A learning process determines probabilities and builds up more abstract "chunked" events based on the actual frequency of event sequences in runs of the detailed simulator. The approach is generalizable across domains, and fulfills many of the goals of abstracted simulation: reducing computation, saving resources, filtering information and providing aggregated, intelligible output.
THE PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C (PLC) IN RAT NEUTROPHILS (PMN)

ABSTRACT The phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-specific PLC contained in crude sonicates of casein elicited rat neutrophils has been identified and biochemically characterized.
Net absorption and oxygen consumption by Holstein steers fed alfalfa or orchardgrass silage at two equalized intakes.

The objective of this experiment was to compare net nutrient absorption and oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera (PDV) of catheterized Holstein steers (333 kg) when fed alfalfa or orchardgrass silage at two equalized intakes. The design was a 4 X 4 Latin square with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of alfalfa or orchardgrass fed at 65 or 90 g dry matter/kg.75 live weight daily. Blood flow through PDV (dilution of p-aminohippurate), net nutrient absorption and oxygen consumption (venoarterial concentration differences times blood flow) were measured hourly for 12 h, followed by measurement of N and energy balance over 7 d. Compared with orchardgrass, steers when fed alfalfa absorbed more NH3-N (P less than .05), branched-chain volatile fatty acids (P less than .10) and n-valerate (P less than .05). Silage type did not affect (P greater than .10) blood flow to or O2 consumption by PDV or net absorption of glucose, L-lactate, acetate, propionate, urea-N, alpha-amino N or most amino acids. Oxygen consumption by PDV as a percentage of whole-animal O2 consumption was not different (P greater than .10) for steers when fed orchardgrass (27.2) or when fed alfalfa (23.6). Interrelationships between N and energy metabolism were responsible for the increased (P less than .05) metabolizable energy/kilogram silage dry matter and increased (P = .10) N retention by steers when fed alfalfa compared with orchardgrass. The PDV accounted for a substantial portion of whole-animal O2 consumption.
Robust Responses of the Sahelian Hydrological Cycle to Global Warming

AbstractHow the globally uniform component of sea surface temperature (SST) warming influences rainfall in the African Sahel remains insufficiently studied, despite mean SST warming being among the...
Identification of Cytotoxic Flavor Chemicals in Top-Selling Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids.

We identified the most popular electronic cigarette (EC) refill fluids using an Internet survey and local and online sales information, quantified their flavor chemicals, and evaluated cytotoxicities of the fluids and flavor chemicals. “Berries/Fruits/Citrus” was the most popular EC refill fluid flavor category. Twenty popular EC refill fluids were purchased from local shops, and the ingredient flavor chemicals were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total flavor chemical concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 27.9 mg/ml, and in 95% of the fluids, total flavor concentration was greater than nicotine concentration. The 20 most popular refill fluids contained 99 quantifiable flavor chemicals; each refill fluid contained 22 to 47 flavor chemicals, most being esters. Some chemicals were found frequently, and several were present in most products. At a 1% concentration, 80% of the refill fluids were cytotoxic in the MTT assay. Six pure standards of the flavor chemicals found at the highest concentrations in the two most cytotoxic refill fluids were effective in the MTT assay, and ethyl maltol, which was in over 50% of the products, was the most cytotoxic. These data show that the cytotoxicity of some popular refill fluids can be attributed to their high concentrations of flavor chemicals.
An Investigation of Relevance from Curriculum-Aligned Making in the Elementary School Science Classroom

Little research addresses Making as an approach that may impact the relevance of science to students. This paper investigates whether and how students make connections to their everyday life during curriculum-aligned Making activities. We argue that Making, with its focus on hands-on construction and technology, can act a possible bridge between 'school science', which tends to focus on formal models of science concepts, and 'everyday science', that addresses directly the application of science concepts. We analyzed videos from an ongoing longitudinal Maker program where Making is integrated into third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade classes at public elementary and intermediate schools. Our qualitative analysis revealed eight different ways in which elementary students found relevance in curriculum-aligned science Making activities. The most frequent types of 'relevance' were the use of analogies and the application of everyday knowledge to aspects of the Making activity. In the Making activities, students drew relevance with six aspects of Making. The Making product or physical design triggered relevance connections most often. We conclude that despite its focus on learning objectives of formal science curricula, curriculum-aligned Making allows students to make connections with their everyday life, and may potentially be used as an approach to make school science more personally relevant for students.
Methods of measuring the solubility and viscosity of lubricating oil/refrigerant mixtures at high discharge pressures and temperatures

The design and construction of a test facility and methodology for measuring the solubility and viscosity of lubricating oil/refrigerant mixtures at high pressures and temperatures are described. An auxiliary charging system, developed to provide precisely measured quantities of oil and refrigerant to the test facility, is also presented. The test facility was developed under the sponsorship and supervision of ASHRAE which funded this research project (RP-580);The solubility, viscosity and density of mixtures of R-22 and of R-502 with commonly used 150 SUS lubricants have been measured by using this facility. Specifically, results for liquid mixtures of 10% to 40% refrigerant (by mass) in a 150 SUS naphthenic oil and in a 150 SUS alkylbenzene are reported over the temperature range of 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) to 300 degrees F (149 degrees C). The oil/refrigerant mixtures for R-22 were miscible over the complete range tested, while for the R-502/ naphthenic oil mixtures, two coexistent liquid phases were encountered in tests at the higher refrigerant concentrations;The property test results are presented in graphical form as well as in the form of empirical correlations based on a nonlinear regression analysis of the experimental data. Comparisons with the limited data previously published in the open literature show reasonable agreement.
Distinguisability of tongue shape during vowel production

Abstract: Five repetitions of each of the vowels /i/, /u/, /o/, /ae/ and /ɑ/ were produced by a normal volunteer using the carrier phrase “I can say /dVd/ again”. An ultrasound sector scanner was used to obtain midsagittal pictures of the posterior section of the tongue from vertical to about 85° posteriorly. The pictures were digitized, and the resulting points were used to generate average tongue surface shapes and average polynomial fits for each vowel. The mean variation about the average tongue position was about 1 mm, and variation appeared to be smaller than this at positions where the importance of tongue position is thought to be greatest. The position of the tongue surface was significantly different for each of the vowels. The coefficients of polynomials of as low as second order distinguished between the five vowels considered. However, even seventh order fits did not reflect certain details of tongue configuration which were visible in the average tongue shapes.
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE FAILURE IN FONTAN PALLIATION: SIMILAR OUTCOMES COMPARED TO SYSTOLIC VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION

It is important to identify factors that negatively impact the single ventricle population following Fontan palliation. Clinical outcome of Fontan patients with systolic dysfunction (SD) and atrioventricular valve (AVV) regurgitation has not previously been compared. We hypothesize that outcomes of
Surfaces and Interfaces of Liquid Metal Core–Shell Nanoparticles under the Microscope

Eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), a Ga-based liquid metal alloy holds great promise for designing next generation core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs). A shearing assisted ligand-stabilization method has shown promise as a synthetic method for these CSNs; however, determining the role of the ligand on stabilization demands an understanding of the surface chemistry of the ligand-nanoparticle interface. EGaIn CSNs have been created functionalized with aliphatic carboxylates of different chain length allowing a fundamental investigation on ligand stabilization of EGaIn CSNs. Raman and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopies (DRIFTS) confirm reaction of the ligand with the oxide shell of the EGaIn nanoparticles. Changing the length of the alkyl chain in the aliphatic carboxylates (C2-C18) may influence the size and structural stability of EGaIn CSNs, which is easily monitored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). No matter how large the carboxylate ligand, there is no obvious effect on the size of the EGaIn CSNs, except the particle size got more uniform when coated with longer chain carboxylates. The AFM force distance (F-D) measurements are used to measure the stiffness of the carboxylate coated EGaIn CSN. In corroboration with DRIFTS analysis, the stiffness studies show that the alkyl chains undergo conformational changes upon compression.
Democracy, Religion & Public Reason

A convention of democracy is that government should promote the common good. Citizens' common good is based in their shared civil interests, including security of themselves and their possessions, ...
“We’re going to show up:” examining the work of a white antiracist organization

In responding to the calls of generations of leaders of color, white antiracists have committed to accountably organizing their own communities to dismantle white supremacy. Yet, there has been a d...
Robert Musil and the NonModern

Introduction: Robert Musil and the Discourse of NonModernism 1. Latour, Lyotard, and the Problematics of Legitimation 2. Entry into the Postmodern 3. Musil's Other Postmodernism 4. Toward a Nonmodern Avant-Garde 5. Essayismus and Reflective Judgment Bibliography Index.
Further Applications of the Homotopy Analysis Method

Here in this chapter, we present analytical solutions to additional problems of practical interest, using homotopy analysis method. Included are a fluid flow and heat transfer problem, as well as an ill-posed problem related to the flow of a thin fluid film.
Effects of reading instruction on learning outcomes in social studies: A synthesis of quantitative research

Abstract Quantitative research studies examining the effects of literacy instruction set in social studies classrooms (grades 6-12) on students׳ academic content learning and reading comprehension are synthesized using meta-analytic techniques. An extensive search of the scholarly literature between 1983 and 2013 yielded a total of twelve intervention studies that provided literacy instruction to secondary students within social studies classes and quantitatively measured content learning outcomes, reading comprehension, or both. Findings revealed that content learning outcomes were consistently improved with instruction that included text-processing activities such as summarizing and generating questions. While many social studies teachers do not provide explicit reading supports, in part because they perceive that the time needed to do so is prohibitive, the findings of this synthesis suggest that sound reading practices hold promise as a means through which teachers can help students better access social studies content, thus improving student learning outcomes. More rigorous quantitative research is needed to further understand the causal effects of literacy practices in social studies settings.
Ballistic impact behavior of woven ceramic fabric reinforced metal matrix composites

In this paper, the effect of weave architecture on the ballistic impact response of woven fabric metal matrix composites (MMC) is investigated. The ballistic limits, V50BL, of four different composites are experimentally determined and post impact characterization is used to investigate the damage mechanisms active during dynamic loading. Numerical modeling implementing an elastic–plastic orthotropic material model with hydrostatic pressure dependent yield surface is used to model the pressure dependent response of the MMC during impact to predict the ballistic limit, and to offer insight into the damage mechanisms occurring during dynamic loading of woven fabric reinforced MMC. The correlation between laterally constrained compression testing and ballistic performance is investigated for use as a screening tool to enable rapid evaluation of the relative ballistic performance of potential fabric MMC weave and composite designs as a potential alternative to full scale ballistic testing. It was found that the fabric architecture has significant effect on ballistic performance and through thickness shear strength of the MMCs. It was found that 3D woven MMC is 13% and 40% lower in terms of ballistic limit and through thickness shear strength respectively, than its 2D counterpart. Furthermore, the numerical results successfully predict the ballistic limit of a 2D fabric reinforced MMC within 6% of the experiment and are used to qualitatively elucidate the experimentally observed damage mechanisms.
Chapter 2.6 – The role of vasopressin in behaviors associated with aversive stimuli

Abstract When an individual encounters stressors such as physical pain, internal malaise, or drought conditions, a constellation of physiological and behavioral responses are evoked that aid the individual in coping with the stressors and learning strategies to minimize exposure to these stressors. Vasopressin (VP) plays an important role in modulating these responses and this role is complex. Acute painful stimuli such as electric footshock stimulate hormonal and neural release of VP and this in turn can contribute to analgesia and facilitate maintenance of behaviors that allow the individual to avoid future painful encounters in the same environmental context. The effect of VP on avoidance maintenance is consistent no matter when during the stressful situation it is released. Two hypotheses have emerged to account for the action of VP on shock avoidance maintenance. One states that central VP is necessary for optimal mnemonic processing of aversive environmental stimuli and the other states that VP produces nonspecific effects on arousal systems that modulate memory processes. There is evidence to support both positions. Internal malaise induced by consumption of toxic substances also stimulates hormonal release of VP and this in turn facilitates a reduction in exposure to the toxic substance and modulates maintenance of behaviors that avoid future contact with the toxic substance. The hormonal and neural release of low levels of VP promotes relinquishing avoidance behavior when it is present after the first exposure to the stressor but the release of high levels of VP facilitates maintenance. It is suggested that low doses of VP reduce the sensory impact of toxins while high doses of VP have aversive stimulus properties that are additive with the properties of toxins. Finally, scarcity of water stimulates hormonal release of VP, which directly promotes water retention. The neural changes in VP release during the conditions of water restriction can affect avoidance behavior maintenance when an individual encounters other stressors. It facilitates maintaining avoidance behavior for physical pain stressors and relinquishing avoidance behavior for internal malaise stressors. The picture emerging is that VP has variable effects on learning and memory processes. Some of these effects are due to its direct action on the neural systems mediating these processes while other effects are due to its action on modulatory neural systems, such as those mediating the aversive properties of VP and those mediating arousal.
The 80386Dx Microprocessor: Hardware, Software, and Interfacing

Introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers real-addressed mode software architecture of the 80386DX microprocessor real-mode 80386DX microprocessor programming protected mode software architecture of the 80386DX the 80386DX microprocessor and its memory interface input/output interface of the 80386DX microprocessor interrupt and exception processing of the 80386DX microprocessor 80386DX PC/AT microcomputer system hardware.
The Impact of Borrowing Diversity on Firm Value, Financing and Real Decisions

Does borrowing diversity (i.e., borrowing via a larger number of debt types) affect how firms respond to an exogenous credit supply shock? To answer this question I use the recent 2007-2009 credit crisis as a negative exogenous credit supply shock to U.S. non-financial companies. Applying a difference-in-differences methodology, I find that during the crisis companies that ex ante borrowed from many debt types had significantly higher capital expenditures than otherwise similar companies that borrowed from fewer debt types. The former group also had higher market valuations, a lower cost of debt, a lower reduction in debt issuance, higher leverage ratios, and a lower need to use internal cash during the crisis. This evidence is robust to applying an instrumental variable estimation, which takes into account the endogenous nature of the diversity measure. Finally, further tests suggest that borrowing diversity could represent a valid measure for financial constraints.
A Retinomorphic Chip with Parallel Pathways: Encoding INCREASING, ON, DECREASING, and OFF Visual Signals

Retinomorphic chips may improve their spike-coding efficiency by emulating the primate retina's parallel pathways. To model the four predominant ganglion-cell types in the cat retina, I morphed outer and inner retina microcircuits into a silicon chip, Visio1. It has 104×96 photoreceptors, 4×52×48 ganglion-cells, a die size of 9.25×9.67 mm2 in 1.2 μm 5 V CMOS, and consumes 11.5 mW at 5 spikes/second/ganglion-cell. Visio1 includes novel subthreshold current-mode circuits that model horizontal-cell autofeedback, to decouple spatial filtering from local gain control, and model amacrine-cell loop-gain modulation, to adapt temporal filtering to motion. Different ganglion cells respond to motion in a quadrature sequence, making it possible to detect edges of one contrast or the other moving in one direction or the other. I present results from a multichip 2-D motion system, which implements Watson and Ahumada's model of human visual-motion sensing.
Targeting of CD25 and Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor Family-Related Gene-Expressing T Cells Differentially Modulates Asthma Risk in Offspring of Asthmatic and Normal Mother Mice

Immunological mechanisms leading to increased asthma susceptibility in early life remain obscure. In this study, we examined the effects of neonatal Ab treatments targeting T cell populations on the development of an asthma syndrome. We used a model of increased asthma susceptibility where offspring of asthmatic BALB/c mother mice are more prone (than normal pups) to develop the disease. Neonatal pretreatment of naive pups with mAb directed against the IL-2Rα chain (CD25), the costimulatory molecule glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related gene, and the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 elicited contrasting effects in offspring depending on the mother’s asthma status. Specifically, neonatal CD25high T cell depletion stimulated asthma susceptibility in normal offspring whereas it ameliorated the condition of pups born of asthmatic mothers. Conversely, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related gene ligation as a primary signal reduced the spleen cellularity and largely abrogated asthma susceptibility in asthma-prone offspring, without inducing disease in normal pups. Striking changes in Th1/Th2 cytokine levels, especially IL-4, followed mAb pretreatment and were consistent with the impact on asthma susceptibility. These results point to major differences in neonatal T cell population and responsiveness related to maternal asthma history. Interventions that temporarily remove and/or inactivate specific T cell subsets may therefore prove useful to attenuate early life asthma susceptibility and prevent the development of Th2-driven allergic airway disease.
Novel chemotherapeutics and other therapies for treating high-grade glioma

Introduction: Despite extensive research, high-grade glioma (HGG) remains a dire diagnosis with no change in the standard of care in almost a decade. However, recent advancements uncovering molecular biomarkers of brain tumors and tumor-specific antigens targeted by immunotherapies provide opportunities for novel personalized treatment regimens to improve survival.Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of recent therapeutic advancements in HGG. Furthermore, they describe new molecular biomarkers and molecular classifications, in addition to updated research on bevacizumab, targeted molecular therapies, immunotherapy and alternative delivery methods that overcome the blood–brain barrier to reach the target tumor tissue. Challenges regarding each therapy are also outlined. The authors also provide some insight into a novel non-chemotherapeutic treatment for malignant glioma, NovoTTFA, as well as a summary of current treatment options for recurrence.Expert opinion: Curren...
Segregation analysis for high density lipoprotein in the Berkeley data.

Transmission models for high density lipoprotein (HDL) were evaluated in the Berkeley data set through segregation analyses using S.A.G.E. These preliminary analyses indicate that among the models fitted, an additive model with non-Mendelian transmission probabilities provides a good fit for HDL, suggesting the possibility of a significant environmental component in the transmission of HDL. Aller adjustment for triglyceride, however, Mendelian models for a major gene seem to provide as good a fit as non-Mendelian models but the results do not permit distinction between a dominant model and an additive model
Cancer and Cardiac Mortality Among 15-Year Survivors of Cancer Diagnosed During Childhood or Adolescence

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of cardiac disease and second malignant neoplasms on late mortality rate and to identify risk factors for late mortality among 15-year survivors of cancer diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Gender-specific all-cause and cause-specific (cardiac disease, cancer) standardized mortality ratios were calculated. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship of several demographic and treatment variables to survival. RESULTS: Patients who survived for 15 years after diagnosis had excess subsequent all-cause, cancer (second malignant neoplasms only), and cardiac mortality rates. No decrease in the late mortality rate by treatment era (1960 to 1970, 1971 to 1984) was identified. Risk factors for males included disease recurrence during the first 15 years after diagnosis, treatment with doxorubicin, and the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Those for females included treatment with radiation therap...
Disparate Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Activity of 5′-Nucleotidase of Rat Liver Plasma Membrane

The effects of incorporation of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into rat liver plasma membrane on the activity of 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) was studied. The membrane phospholipids from rats fed a diet containing 10% by weight menhaden oil (MO) for 3 wk contained more n-3 PUFA and less n-6 PUFA in phospholipids classes, i.e., 24% and 65% less linoleic and arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine, than in rats fed 10% coconut oil (CNO) diets. The specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase in n-3 PUFA-enriched hepatic plasma membranes was 1.6- to 2-fold higher than that in rats fed CNO or corn oil (CO). Lineweaver-Burk plots for 5'-nucleotidase in liver plasma membranes isolated from rats fed MO and CNO showed no significant differences in Km values but the Vmax was increased by 67% in MO-fed rats. Arrhenius plots showed a break point in 5'-nucleotidase activity at 28.3 degrees C and 30.8 degrees C in plasma membranes from MO- and CNO-fed rats, respectively. The implications of this in the generation of adenosine and its possible impact on physiological functions are discussed.
Distribution of calmodulin in taste buds

Abstract Calmodulin is higher in particulate fractions from bovine taste buds containing taste bud membranes which specifically bind sweet tastants compared to corresponding fractions from control nontaste bud bearing lingual epithelial tissue. As biochemical purity (i.e., membrane enzyme marker activity) of these membrane enriched fractions increased (P4B > P3B > P2B) calmodulin correspondingly increased (P4B > P3B > P2B); these increase also correlated with increased membrane purity as demonstrated by electron microscopy. All PB subfractions from taste buds contained a greater membrane concentration than those from PD subfractions and calmodulin was significantly increased in each corresponding subfraction. The presence of calmodulin in taste bud membranes, its correlation with membrane purification and reports that numerous drugs which induce taste loss are potent inhibitors of calmodulin suggest a role for calmodulin in taste function.
Rethinking maritime power theory

Abstract In light of the end to the cold war a new look at the concepts surrounding maritime power and those countries that use it is required. The refocusing of naval theory so as to include most of the international community is the driving force behind the creation of an input/output model of maritime power. Naval power is structured around a simple input‐output flow diagram. The inputs are broken into three major areas: physical, economic, and political. The discussion on each input is related to the widest possible international audience. In turning to the output, it is established that there are two elements to be addressed, the physical output (ships and naval equipment) and the written directives (missions) that govern naval activity. The concept of written mission statements is treated in detail as it is here where much traditional cold war bias is evident. Missions are established and reviewed with all nautically oriented countries in mind. In fact all maritime states should address all naval mi...
Optimal Search Density for a Stationary Target Among Stationary False Targets

This paper considers rational methods for the design of search densities when the intended target is stationary among stationary, Poisson-distributed false contacts. Attention is restricted to situations in which the searcher must immediately decide, based on sensed information, whether a contact is the intended target and, if the answer is yes, end the search and commit to the contact. Discrimination of false contact from target is modeled as reliable only with given probabilities. We seek to allocate search effort to maximize the probability of finding the intended target in a fixed time. Modeling space and time as discrete, we apply the Kuhn-Tucker theorem to obtain a set of necessary conditions for an optimum. For the particular case of a discrete space and time approximation of search for a normally distributed target in R2 and a uniform density of false contacts, we develop a computer algorithm that converges to a solution of the necessary conditions. Numerical results are presented.
Solution accuracies of finite element reentry heat transfer and thermal stress analyses of space shuttle orbiter

Accuracies of solutions (structural temperatures and thermal stresses) obtained from different thermal and structural FEMs set up for the Space Shuttle Orbiter (SSO) are compared and discussed. For studying the effect of element size on the solution accuracies of heat-transfer and thermal-stress analyses of the SSO, five SPAR thermal models and five NASTRAN structural models were set up for wing midspan bay 3. The structural temperature distribution over the wing skin (lower and upper) surface of one bay was dome shaped and induced more severe thermal stresses in the chordwise direction than in the spanwise direction. The induced thermal stresses were extremely sensitive to slight variation in structural temperature distributions. Both internal convention and internal radiation were found to have equal effects on the SSO.
Pharmacokinetics and antitumor properties in tumor-bearing mice of an enediol analogue inhibitor of glyoxalase I.

Purpose: The enediol analogue S-(N-p-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione (CHG) is a powerful, mechanism-based, competitive inhibitor of the methylglyoxal-detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase I. The [glycyl,glutamyl]diethyl ester prodrug form of this compound (CHG(Et)2) inhibits the growth of different tumor cell lines in vitro, apparently by inducing elevated levels of intracellular methylglyoxal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of CHG(Et)2 in plasma esterase-deficient C57BL/6 (Es-1e) mice after intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of bolus doses of CHG(Et)2. In addition, the in vivo antitumor properties of CHG(Et)2 were evaluated against murine B16 melanoma in these mice, and against androgen-independent human prostate PC3 tumor and human colon HT-29 adenocarcinoma in plasma esterase-deficient nude mice. Methods: Pharmacokinetics were evaluated after either i.v. or i.p. administration of CHG(Et)2 at the maximally tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg to both tumor-free male and female mice and male and female mice bearing subcutaneous B16 tumors. Tissue concentrations of CHG(Et)2, CHG and the [glycyl]monoethyl ester CHG(Et) were measured as a function of time by reverse-phase C18 high-performance liquid chromatography of deproteinized tissue samples. The efficacy of CHG(Et)2 in tumor-bearing mice was evaluated after i.v. bolus administration of CHG(Et)2 at 80 or 120 mg/kg for 5 days each week for 2 weeks, or after 14 days continuous infusion of CHG(Et)2 using Alzet mini-osmotic pumps. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was used as a vehicle in the efficacy studies. Results: Intravenous administration of CHG(Et)2 resulted in the rapid appearance of CHG(Et)2 in the plasma of tumor-bearing mice with a peak value of 40–60 μM, followed by a first-order decrease with a half-life of about 10 min. There was a corresponding increase in the concentration of inhibitory CHG in the B16 tumors, with a maximum concentration in the range 30–60 μM occurring at 15 min, followed by a decrease to a plateau value of about 6 μM after 120 min. Neither CHG(Et)2 nor its hydrolysis products were detectable in plasma, after i.p. administration of CHG(Et)2 to tumor-free female mice. From the efficacy studies, dosing schedules were identified that resulted in antitumor effects comparable to those observed with the standard antitumor agents Adriamycin (with B16 tumors), cisplatin (with PC3 tumors), and vincristine (with HT-29 tumors). Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that a mechanism-based competitive inhibitor of glyoxalase I effectively inhibits the growth of solid tumors in mice when delivered as the diethyl ester prodrug.
Dissociation of thyrotropin-stimulated hormone secretion and glucose oxidation in thyroid glands by lithium and colchicine.

Abstract Li+ and colchicine, which inhibit hormone secretion by the thyroid gland, were studied for their effects on glucose oxidation in this tissue. Both 2–25 mM Li+ and colchicine (3·10−6 M or more) enhanced the thyrotropin (TSH)-stimulated oxidation of [I-14C]glucose in beef thyroid slices. Lithium also potentiated the TSM-stimulated oxidation of [6-14C]glucose and [I-14C]pyruvate as well as the incroporation of 32P into phospholipid. Colchine, however, was without effect on [6-14C]glucose and pyruvate oxidation. Methods were adapted to permit measurement of [I-14C]glucose oxidation by mouse thyroid lobes. Neither Li+ nor colchicine had a significant effect on basal or TSH-stimulated glucose oxidation in this species at concentrations which almost totally abolish secretion. In dog thyroid slices also, TSH-stimulated 14CO2 production was unaffected by Li+ and colchicine at levels which inhibited intracellular colloid droplet formation. The results provide evidence for Li+- and colchicine-induced dissociation of the response to TSH and suggest a lack of direct coupling between hormone secretion and glucose oxidation.
HERBERT BLUMER: A PILGRIMAGE WITH PRAGMATISM

This article is an examination of Herbert Blumer's lifelong effort to perpetuate pragmatism raises serious questions about the future of the social sciences. He tried, through critical analyses, to tell social scientists how to make their fields scientific. Opposition to this effort was overwhelming and eventually weakened his own perspective and thus his influence in the discipline. The story of Blumer provides several lessons for future social scientists. It is intended that these lessons to be useful to those who still believe in a scientific social science.
Inguinal hernia repair in patients with peritoneovenous shunt: risk of air embolism

Deux observations: danger du traitement de la hernie chez des malades atteints de cirrhose avec ascite et porteurs de derivation peritoneo-jugulaire comme palliation de l'ascite
Theileria buffeli infection of a Michigan cow confirmed by small subunit ribosomal RNA gene analysis

Abstract Theileria buffeli, generally a benign parasite of cattle, has been reported in animals from Texas, Missouri and North Carolina. To date, there have been no reports of the parasite in cattle residing in northern portions of the US. An 8-year-old cow ( Maine Anjou × Angus cross - bred ) in Michigan presented with hemoglobinuria and a packed cell volume of 9. Blood films stained with Giemsa showed numerous intraerythrocytic parasites morphologically consistent with T. buffeli. The parasite was confirmed to be T. buffeli by SSU rRNA gene sequence analysis (SSU rRNA sequence, Type A). This represents the first report of this parasite in an animal in Michigan.
Relaxed Conditions for Sparse Signal Recovery With General Concave Priors

The emerging theory of compressive or compressed sensing challenges the convention of modern digital signal processing by establishing that exact signal reconstruction is possible for many problems where the sampling rate falls well below the Nyquist limit. Following the landmark works of Candes and Donoho on the performance of l1-minimization models for signal reconstruction, several authors demonstrated that certain nonconvex reconstruction models consistently outperform the convex l1-model in practice at very low sampling rates despite the fact that no global minimum can be theoretically guaranteed. Nevertheless, there has been little theoretical investigation into the performance of these nonconvex models. In this paper, a notion of weak signal recoverability is introduced and the performance of nonconvex reconstruction models employing general concave metric priors is investigated under this model. The sufficient conditions for establishing weak signal recoverability are shown to substantially relax as the prior functional is parameterized to more closely resemble the targeted l0-model, offering new insight into the empirical performance of this general class of reconstruction methods. Examples of relaxation trends are shown for several different prior models.
A data mining tool for learning from manufacturing systems

Abstract This paper describes a software tool, DBMine, developed to assist industrial engineers in data mining. This tool implements three common data mining methodologies: Bacon's algorithm, Decision Trees and DB-Learn. Implemented in Microsoft Visual Basic 3.0©, DBMine, can utilize data in Microsoft Access 2.0© and in Watcom SQL© databases. This paper will also present an example session in which job shop sequences produced by a Genetic Algorithm are explored for regularity.
Tests for the mechanism of starch biosynthesis: de novo synthesis or an amylogenin primer synthesis

Studies in 1940 on potato phosphorylase reaction with starch found that d-glucopyranose from α-d-glucopyranosyl-1-phosphate was added to the nonreducing-ends of starch chains. This led to the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of starch required a preformed primer. Later it was found that phosphorylase was exclusively a degradative enzyme in vivo and that starch-synthase was the enzyme that reacted with ADPGlc to biosynthesize starch. Amylogenin, a putative self-glycosylated protein, was postulated to be the primer, although it was never demonstrated or found. In the present study, three reactions were performed in sequence with a highly purified potato starch-synthase to determine whether an amylogenin primer was present and required or whether the biosynthesis was de novo. Reaction 1 was performed by adding 2.0mM ADPGlc to synthesize the putative primer to a possible amylogenin in the preparation; in Reaction 2, 10mM ADP-[(14)C]Glc was added; and in Reaction 3, 10mM nonlabeled ADPGlc was added. After the isolation, reduction, and acid hydrolysis of the products of Reactions 2 and 3, (14)C-d-glucitol was obtained from Reaction 2 and was decreased by Reaction 3. The formation of (14)C-d-glucitol and its decrease showed that an amylogenin, protein primer was not involved in starch biosynthesis and the synthesis is de novo by the addition of d-glucose to the reducing-ends of growing starch chains.
Using Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) to develop a new insect index in measuring North American tallgrass prairie quality

a b s t r a c t Auchenorrhyncha (i.e., leafhoppers, treehoppers, spittlebugs, and planthoppers) represent some of the most diverse groups of herbivorous insects in the tallgrass prairie biome, they have close associations with many native prairie grasses and forbs, and respond in predictable ways to changes in native grassland degradation. These attributes make Auchenorrhyncha ideal candidates in the development of a habitat quality index to measure tallgrass prairie quality. In this study we propose the development of a species-based habitat quality index called the Auchenorrhyncha quality index or AQI as a useful method in tracking the condition of tallgrass prairie quality. The AQI is computed by summing six ecological characteristics (i.e., host plant specificity, voltinism, overwintering microhabitat, wing length, habitat fidelity, and origin) for each Auchenorrhynchan insect encountered, yielding coefficient of conservatism (CC) values that range from 0 (habitat generalist/tolerant to disturbance) to 18 (habitat specific/intolerant to disturbance). These CC values are averaged and combined with species richness producing un-weighted by abundance AQI (AQIw/outN) and weighted by abundance AQI (AQIw/N). The performance of the AQI was evaluated by examining the effects of sampling intensity on this index using a sweep net and a vacuum apparatus from 10 sites located on the three main North American tallgrass prairie communities, wetmesic, sand, and loess hill. Scientists and land managers can adequately sample Auchenorrhyncha from four transects using a vacuum. Also, the highest AQI values were found from loess hill and sand prairies, indicating that conservation efforts should focus on these prairie communities. Additional applications of the AQI may include: (1) discriminating prairie quality at various spatial scales; (2) testing hypotheses about the effects of disturbance on prairie habitat (e.g. prescribed burning); (3) using the AQI as a model in developing habitat quality indices based on other diverse groups of grassland insects; and (4) the AQI has the capacity to be readily modified in assessing the quality of other biomes. Ultimately, the AQI should be used in combination with other habitat quality indices based on other diverse groups of organisms, such as plants and other insects, to provide a more complete assessment of native habitat quality.
Isotope Ratios in Marine Mollusk Shells after Prolonged Contact with Flowing Fresh Water

The ratios C13/C12 and O18/O16 in the calcium carbonate of shells of the marine mollusk, Macoma calcarea, appear unaltered after exposure for 4500 years to flowing fresh water of higher O16/O18 ratio.