cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating an Ontology of Radiology Differential Diagnosis with ICD-10-CM, RadLex, and SNOMED CT

An ontology offers a human-readable and machine-computable representation of the concepts in a domain and the relationships among them. Mappings between ontologies enable the reuse and interoperability of biomedical knowledge. We sought to map concepts of the Radiology Gamuts Ontology (RGO), an ontology that links diseases and imaging findings to support differential diagnosis in radiology, to terms in three key vocabularies for clinical radiology: the International Classification of Diseases, version 10, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), the Radiological Society of North America’s radiology lexicon (RadLex), and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). RGO (version 0.7; Jan 2018) incorporated 16,918 terms (classes) for diseases, interventions, and imaging observations linked by 1782 subsumption (class-subclass) relations and 55,569 causal (“may cause”) relations. RGO classes were mapped to RadLex (46,656 classes, version 3.15), SNOMED CT (347,358 classes, version 2018AA), and ICD-10-CM (94,645 classes, version 2018AA) using the National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO) Annotator web service. We identified 1275 exact mappings from RGO to RadLex, 5302 to SNOMED CT, and 941 to ICD-10-CM. RGO terms mapped to one ontology (n = 3401), two ontologies (n = 1515), or all three ontologies (n = 198). The mapped ontologies provide additional terms to support data mining from textual information in the electronic health record. The current work builds on efforts to map RGO to ontologies of diseases and phenotypes. Mappings between ontologies can support automated knowledge discovery, diagnostic reasoning, and data mining.
Shear shock evolution in incompressible soft solids

Abstract Nonlinear evolution of shear waves into shocks in incompressible elastic materials is investigated using the framework of large deformation elastodynamics, for a family of loadings and commonly used hyperelastic material models. Closed form expressions for the shock formation distance are derived and used to construct non-dimensional phase maps that determine regimes in which a shock can be realized. These maps reveal the sensitivity of shock evolution to the amplitude, shape, and ramp time of the loading, and to the elastic material parameters. In light of a recent study (Espindola et al., 2017), which hypothesizes that shear shock formation could play a significant role in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), application to brain tissue is considered and it is shown that the size matters in TBI research. Namely, for realistic loadings, smaller brains are less susceptible to formation of shear shocks. Furthermore, given the observed sensitivity to the imparted waveform and the constitutive properties, it is suggested that the non-dimensional maps can guide the design of protective structures by determining the combination of loading parameters, material dimensions, and elastic properties that can avoid shock formation.
Differentiation between Tuberculous and Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis: The Role of the Anterior Meningovertebral Ligament in Patients with Anterior Epidural Abscess.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differentiation between tuberculous and pyogenic spondylodiscitis is a diagnostic challenge because imaging often does not reliably distinguish the 2 entities and percutaneous biopsies are often culture-negative. The purpose of this study was to determine whether violation of the anterior meningovertebral ligament in the setting of anterior epidural abscess discriminates between these entities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with acid-fast bacillus testing and anterior epidural abscess diagnosed on spinal MR imaging between May 2014 and September 2019, with a final diagnosis of tuberculous or pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Six cases of tuberculous spondylodiscitis (mean age, 45.5 years; 80% male) and 35 cases of pyogenic spondylodiscitis were evaluated (mean age, 56.6 years; 49% male). Demographic characteristics were recorded. Cases were assessed for anterior meningovertebral ligament destruction on MR imaging, as demonstrated by the shape of the epidural collection. Segmental location of the infection was also assessed. Independent 2-sample t tests and χ2 tests of independence were performed to evaluate the significance of the difference between the groups. RESULTS: Five of 6 (83.3%) cases of tuberculous epidural abscess had an intact anterior meningovertebral ligament, and 0/35 cases of pyogenic epidural abscess demonstrated an intact ligament (P CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an intact anterior meningovertebral ligament has high sensitivity and specificity for tuberculous spondylodiscitis–associated epidural abscess, though these results should be validated in a larger sample.
Harnessing biomimetic cryptic bonds to form self-reinforcing gels

Cryptic sites, which lay hidden in folded biomolecules, become exposed by applied force and form new bonds that reinforce the biomaterial. While these binding interactions effectively inhibit mechanical deformation, there are few synthetic materials that harness mechano-responsive cryptic sites to forestall damage. Here, we develop a computational model to design polymer gels encompassing cryptic sites and a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). LCST gels swell with a decrease in temperature, thereby generating internal stresses within the sample. The gels also encompass loops held together by the cryptic sites, as well as dangling chains with chemically reactive ends. A decrease in temperature or an applied force causes the loops to unfold and expose the cryptic sites, which then bind to the dangling chains. We show that these binding interactions act as "struts" that reinforce the network, as indicated by a significant decrease in the volume of the gel (from 44% to 80%) and shifts in the volume phase transition temperature. Once the temperature is increased or the deformation is removed, the latter "cryptic bonds" are broken, allowing the loops to refold and the gel to return to its original state. These findings provide guidelines for designing polymer networks with reversible, mechano-responsive bonds, which allow gels to undergo a self-stiffening behavior in response to a temperature-induced internal stress or external force. When applied as a coating, these gels can prevent the underlying materials from undergoing damage and thus, extend the lifetime of the system.
Chinese Maritime Power in the 21st Century: Strategic Planning, Policy and Predictions: edited by Hu Bo, New York: Routledge, 2020

Despite the recent surge of interest in China’s grand strategy, there are only a limited amount of materials available for the western observers to analyze. A recently published book, Chinese Marit...
Group exercise membership is associated with forms of social support, exercise identity, and amount of physical activity

Exploring whether the mechanisms underlying the positive relationship between group exercise and physical activity are forms of social support – emotional, validation, informational, instrumental, ...
The theater is always dying

The Theater Is always Dying traces the resilience of live theatrical performance in the face of competing performative forms like cinema, television and contemporary streaming services on personal, hand-held devices and focuses on theater’s ability to continue as a significant cultural, community and intellectual force in the face of such competition. To echo Beckett, we might suggest, then, that theater may be at its best at its dying since its extended demise seems self-regenerating. Whether or not you “go out of the theatre more human than when you went in”, as Ariane Mnouchkin suggests, or whether you’ve had a sense that you’ve been part of, participated in a community ritual, a Dionysia, or whether or not you’ve felt that you’ve been affected by a performative, an embodied intellectual and emotional human experience may determine how you judge the state of contemporary theater. You may not always know the answer to those questions immediately after the theatrical encounter, or ever deliberately or consciously, but something, nonetheless, may have been taking its course. You may emerge “more human than when you went in”.
“The Buckaroo of the Badlands”: Carl Barks Remembering the Frontier

Consensus among the fan community places Carl Barks as the most significant creator of Donald Duck comics, a paragon that enshrined the character and his supporting in the public consciousness the world over. The art and stories of Barks were the foundation upon which fandoms were built, and the subject of opposition from certain intellectual circles, but this view fails to consider the contribution of others in the development of this readership. The chapter also serves to explore the business aspects of Dell Comics and Western Publishing, which dominated the newsstands before imploding over the course of a decade in contrast with the business model that kept Donald Duck afloat in Europe.
Facility contextual effects influence the use of adjuvant immunotherapy in stage III melanoma.

e18758Background: There are now numerous effective adjuvant immunotherapy options for surgically resected stage III melanoma including novel checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Current gu...
Predicting apneic events in preterm infants using cardio-respiratory and movement features.

Abstract Background and objective Preterm neonates are prone to episodes of apnea, bradycardia and hypoxia (ABH) that can lead to neurological morbidities or even death. There is broad interest in developing methods for real-time prediction of ABH events to inform interventions that prevent or reduce their incidence and severity. Using advances in machine learning methods, this study develops an algorithm to predict ABH events. Methods Following previous studies showing that respiratory instabilities are closely associated with bouts of movement, we present a modeling framework that can predict ABH events using both movement and cardio-respiratory features derived from routine clinical recordings. In 10 preterm infants, movement onsets and durations were estimated with a wavelet-based algorithm that quantified artifactual distortions of the photoplethysmogram signal. For prediction, cardio-respiratory features were created from time-delayed correlations of inter-beat and inter-breath intervals with past values; movement features were derived from time-delayed correlations with inter-breath intervals. Gaussian Mixture Models and Logistic Regression were used to develop predictive models of apneic events. Performance of the models was evaluated with ROC curves. Results Performance of the prediction framework (mean AUC) was 0.77 ± 0.04 for 66 ABH events on training data from 7 infants. When grouped by the severity of the associated bradycardia during the ABH event, the framework was able to predict 83% and 75% of the most severe episodes in the 7-infant training set and 3-infant test set, respectively. Notably, inclusion of movement features significantly improved the predictions compared with modeling with only cardio-respiratory signals. Conclusions Our findings suggest that recordings of movement provide important information for predicting ABH events in preterm infants, and can inform preemptive interventions designed to reduce the incidence and severity of ABH events.
Education and skills training for care partners of hospitalised older adults: A scoping review:

Background:The care partners of hospitalised older adults often feel dissatisfied with the education and skills training provided to them, resulting in unpreparedness and poor health outcomes.Objec...
Fair sharing of network resources among workflow ensembles

Computational science depends on complex, data intensive applications operating on datasets from a variety of scientific instruments. A major challenge is the integration of data into the scientist’s workflow. Recent advances in dynamic, networked cloud resources provide the building blocks to construct reconfiguration, end-to-end infrastructure that can increase scientific productivity, but applications are not taking advantage of them. In our previous work, we introduced DyNamo, that enabled CASA scientists to improve the efficiency of their operations and effortlessly leverage capabilities of the cloud resources available to them that previously remained underutilized. However, the provided workflow automation did not satisfy all the operational requirements of CASA. Custom scripts were still in production to manage workflow triggering, while multiple layer 2 connections would have to be allocated to maintain network QoS requirements. To address these issues, we enhance the DyNamo system with advanced network manipulation mechanisms, end-to-end infrastructure monitoring and ensemble workflow management capabilities. DyNamo’s Virtual Software Defined Exchange (vSDX) capabilities have been extended, enabling link adaptation, flow prioritization and traffic control between endpoints. These new features allow us to enforce network QoS requirements for each workflow ensemble and can lead to more fair network sharing. Additionally, to accommodate CASA’s operational needs we have extended the newly integrated Pegasus Ensemble Manager with event based triggering functionality, that improves managing CASA’s workflow ensembles. The Pegasus Ensemble Manager, apart from managing the workflow ensembles can also create conditions for a more fair resource usage, by employing throttling techniques to reduce compute and network resource contention. We evaluate the effects of the DyNamo’s vSDX policies by using two CASA workflow ensembles competing for network resources, and we show that traffic shaping of the ensembles can lead to a fairer sharing of the network links. Finally, we study how changing the Pegasus Ensemble Manager’s throttling for each of the two workflow ensembles affects their performance while they compete for the same network resources, and we assess if this approach is a viable alternative compared to the vSDX policies.
Planning the Past in Language Planning

Language, based as it is on information already acquired, is invariably retrospective. Thus the language planner, regardless of the nature of the planning (status, corpus, acquisition, prestige etc.), and regardless of the nature of the population for whom the plan is designed, must construct or find a historical narrative to explain the endeavor. To take a simple example, the Finnish Kalevala, the Estonian Kalevipoeg, and the Welsh Mabinogion were all instances of the quasi-discovery of a historical and cultural narrative serving as justification for language revival in the present. The most radical examples of such heritage planning manifest themselves where we might least expect it: in planned languages - where an entire linguistic environment is created from the beginning. These languages can serve as instructive models for the language planner. Thus, it is widely understood that Zamenhof (almost uniquely among projectors of planned languages), influenced by the structuralism that was emerging at the time, conceived of Esperanto not only as a language but also as a language community. The early history of Esperanto can be defined in terms of this dilemma: Zamenhof needed a language that was recognizably like other languages, with its own history, but at the same time radically different. Zamenhof constructed his historical narrative by employing three strategies: literary translation embracing the literatures of Europe with which his potential users could identify, wholesale adoption of the semantics of European languages (allowing for community participation in the collective construction of meaning), and the attempted creation of a syncretic religious ideology. Offsetting this historical narrative were systems of word formation that went beyond European models, accompanied by a grammar that was also a radical departure from western assumptions. In attempting to balance the particular with the universal, and the past with the future, Zamenhof succeeded in creating a stable community, but, by constructing the narrative as he did, inevitably limited its applicability.
Synchronous low frequency earthquakes and implications for deep San Andreas Fault slip

Abstract Low Frequency Earthquakes (LFEs) are slip events that occur repeatedly at source locations within the lower crust. LFEs, and the associated seismic broadcast known as tremor, have been observed in a diverse array of tectonic environments. Here we develop a suite of statistical tools to conduct a systematic study of the spatial and temporal correlations of the event occurrence patterns of the 88 LFE sources beneath the greater Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault. We first examine correlations in the occurrence patterns on long time scales to show that the regions to the north and south of Parkfield behave independently. We next use the cumulative event signatures of each source to characterize the individual occurrence patterns on shorter time scales. Through application of a statistical clustering algorithm, we demonstrate that individual LFE sources form spatially coherent clusters that may represent localized elastic structures or asperities on the deep fault interface. We conclude by examining the fine-scale features of the event rates within the LFE occurrence patterns. Through quantitative comparison to analogous laboratory shear experiments on granular, fault gouge-like materials, we infer that the distinctive features of LFE occurrence patterns reflect variations in the in-situ stress and frictional conditions at the individual LFE source locations. These observations provide a framework to understand the spatial and temporal diversity of fault slip that occurs within the lower crust beneath Parkfield and that may influence seismic hazard in the region.
Stratifying triple-negative breast cancer prognosis using 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging

This study aims to stratify prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients using pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT, alone and with correlation to immunohistochemistry biomarkers. 200 consecutive TNBC breast cancer patients treated between 2008 and 2012 were retrieved. Among the full cohort, 79 patients had pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans. Immunostaining status of basal biomarkers (EGFR, CK5/6) and other clinicopathological variables were obtained. Three PET image features were evaluated: maximum uptake values (SUVmax), mean uptake (SUVmean), and metabolic volume (SUVvol) defined by SUV > 2.5. All variables were analyzed versus disease-free survival (DFS) using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank tests. The optimal cutoff points of variables were estimated using time-dependent survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. All PET features significantly correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (all p 3.5, AUC = 0.654, p = 0.006). SUVmax and EGFR were significant prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. To integrate prognosis of biological and imaging markers, patients were first stratified by EGFR into low (≤15 %) and high (>15 %) risk groups. Further, SUVmax was used as a variable to stratify the two EGFR groups. In the high EGFR group, patients with high FDG uptake (SUVmax > 3.5) had worse survival outcome (median DFS = 7.6 months) than those patients with low FDG uptake (SUVmax ≤ 3.5, median DFS = 11.6 months). In the low EGFR group, high SUVmax also indicated worse survival outcome (17.2 months) than low SUVmax (22.8 months). The risk stratification with integrative EGFR and PET was statistically significant with log-rank p ≪ 0.001. Pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging has significant prognostic value for predicting survival outcome of TNBC patients. Integrated with basal-biomarker EGFR, PET imaging can further stratify patient risks in the pre-treatment stage and help select appropriate treatment strategies for individual patients.
An echo cancellation algorithm for operation with a digital speech coder in a single signal processor

When introducing a delay in the telephone network, one is likely to hear an echo. Digital cancellers exist, but they need to be initialized. An implementation on a 10-MIPS (million instructions per second) signal processor is reported which uses the speech signal as a training signal while performing voice analysis and synthesis at the same time. The initialization is completed after 3 s of speech and covers a 32-ms window. >
Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen

Enzyklopadie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen. Christian Ratsch. Aarau, Switzerland: AT Verlag, 1998. 942 pp.
Voices, Geography, and Technical Complexity: Exploring Project Contexts and Public Participation Goals

Extant scholarship of public participation theory has reflected a continued need to examine the preconditions that affect public managers' decisions in implementing public participation activities. This article explores the relationship between distinct contextual attributes and public managers' expressed goals for public participation. This study illustrates that project contextual characteristics do matter in how public managers articulate their goals for public participation. Specifically, the findings reflect that the volume of stakeholder voices, geographic scope and technical complexity of a project contribute to how public managers articulate their goals for public participation.
Exploring the concept of spirit as a model for the God-world relationship in the age of genetics

. The cultural impact of genetics focuses the intellectual and moral challenge of science to theology. Many traditional images of God and the God-world relation are inadequate to represent religious ideas in a world whose self-understanding has been transformed by genetics. Such images also lack the power to help in approaching the ethical challenges of this new era. The way conceptions of the God-world relation can be modified in the light of genetic knowledge is explored by examining how far a new conception of Spirit can function alongside contemporary genetic views of human life in nature. The relationship between genetic theories of human behavior and evolution is related to the revised conception of Spirit.
A Theoretical Consideration of Leadership and the Global Heterarchy

Global heterarchy represents a novel structural design to facilitate multinational operations. Heterarchy is characterized by multiple operational centers, bottom-up management, control through strong corporate culture, interorganizational alliances, and radical problem orientation. To accommodate these unique attributes, Hedlund and Rolander (1990) outlined an alternative framework for the relationship between organizational strategy, structure and environment. Despite an abundance of theory which suggests that leadership is important for the design and development of organizational strategy and structure, Hedlund and Rolander's model ignores linkages among leadership, strategy, structure and environment. This paper examines the impact of leadership on strategy, structure and environment for the global heterarchy.
Effect of prenatal programming and postnatal rearing on glomerular filtration rate in adult rats

The present study examined whether a prenatal low-protein diet programs a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). In addition, we examined whet...
Servant-leadership in organizations: Inspirational and moral

Abstract This paper offers a critical analysis of charismatic leadership (in several guises) because of its absence of moral safeguards. The heightened motivation inspired by charismatic or transformational leadership may override followers' moral misgivings. Many previous writers on the subject have made only passing reference to this inherent danger by noting that charismatic leadership is value-neutral: Mahandas Gandhi, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jesus Christ, Adolph Hitler, Rev. Jim Jones, and Joseph Stalin are all frequently cited as charismatic leaders. This paper goes further by searching out a model of leadership that is both inspirational and moral. Three examples from workplace settings are described to illustrate the new model: servant-leadership.
Approximate solutions to Cauchy problems

where f and u are vector-valued functions of (x, t) in some open subset of a Euclidean space Rn+l. We make no assumptions of analyticity about the data f and u,, . Mainly ‘we assume that f(~, t, u, p) is infinitely differentiable with respect to (x, u, p) and continuous with respect to t and that us is C”. Even when f is C” with respect to all its arguments, including t, it is well known that, in general, the problem (*) h as no solutions. What we show in the present paper is that it has always approximate solutions and also that the solution is unique, to the given degree of approximation. The latter might be arbitrarily high; it is measured by the degree of a certain nonnegative function M(x, t) intimately linked to the data f, u,, (see Notation 1.1). Using M(x, t) was suggested by the study of “transport equations,” similar to those of geometrical optics, which occur in the construction of parametrices of linear partial differential equations (see [l]). Because of its generality and precision, it has seemed worthwhile to try to bring our main result (Th. 1.1) to the attention of analysts, some of which may not be particularly interested in linear PDE theory.
Temperature distribution of granular media for heat assisted magnetic recording

The thermal distribution of granular media for heat assisted magnetic recording has been explored by the heat Fourier equation; particularly, the effect of the thermal conductivities in the grain boundary has been extensively investigated. When the thermal conductivity is sufficiently small, the grain boundary provides a natural constraint to heat dissipation: the effective in-plane thermal conductivity can be ten times smaller than that of FePt with the decrease limited only by the heat dissipation through the interlayer MgO. For low thermal conductivities in the grain boundary, the out of plane thermal gradient increases sharply owing to the inability of the heat to spread. Therefore, a compromise between power consumption and uniformity of the temperature distribution within grains should be taken into account when optimizing the media design.
Esthetic management of perimolysis with porcelain laminate veneers

Esthetic management of perimolysis caused by the purging of stomach acids induced by bulimia nervosa is presented in the form of a case report and review of the literature. This overview of the literature, with report of case, suggests esthetic treatment of perimolysis caused by purging of stomach acids induced by eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The use of porcelain laminate veneers to repair the damaged dentition was preferred because it eliminates further damage to the internal tooth structures.
Pu neutron scattering studies – Magnetism and structure

Abstract Neutron scattering results are presented on δ-phase Pu stabilized with 2% Ga performed on the time-of-flight instrument Pharos in zero magnetic field and also in an 8 T applied field over the temperature range from room temperature down to 1.7 K. Comparison of the field and temperature dependence of the diffraction patterns showed no evidence of peaks of magnetic origin, and thus no long-range order is induced even in an 8 T applied field. Due to the wave-vector character of the scattering, this result can not be explained by the possible cancellation of the orbital and spin components of the moment. Additional inelastic scattering experiments at room temperature did reveal a very weak inelastic feature at 90 meV which is tempting to ascribe to H impurities. However, the feature did not have the expected Q 2 intensity dependence as would be expected for H vibrations, and thus the origin of this 90 meV peak is unexplained.
The Impact of Child Support on Cognitive Outcomes of Young Children

We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child data to address three questions. First, does the receipt of child support have beneficial effects for children with absent fathers apart from increasing income? Second, do the effects of child support differ when child-support awards and payments are made cooperatively as opposed to being court ordered? Third, are any positive effects of child support solely a product of unmeasured differences among fathers and families? Controlling for the socioeconomic characteristics of the child and family, we find some evidence that receipt of child support has a positive impact on children’s cognitive test scores over and above its contribution to total income. However, the effects vary by test, by race, and by reason for Father’s absence. Our results also indicate that the distinction between cooperative and noncooperative awards is important. Finally, our instrumental variables estimates show that the effects of child support persist after we control for unobserved characteristics of fathers and families.
Integrating proteomics, genomics, and bioinformatics tools to define unique features of the clonal M1T1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes

Abstract In this study, we compare the globally disseminated and more virulent group A streptococcal (GAS) M1T1 clone to the fully sequenced M1 SF370 strain. Using proteomics, DNA microarrays, and bioinformatics tools, we identified 3 mosaic prophages in the M1T1 genome that carry 3 toxin genes, speA2 , mf4 , and the novel streptodornase, sda1 . These prophages closely resemble phages of an M3 strain associated with severe diseases. By examining a set of highly conserved prophage sequences flanking the toxin genes, we suggest a recombination-based model for toxin exchange between GAS prophages, which, together with the phage mosaicism, is likely to have contributed to the emergence and diversification of the M1T1 clone.
Biphasic Ca2+-Dependent Switching in a Calmodulin−IQ Domain Complex†

The relationship between the free Ca2+ concentration and the apparent dissociation constant for the complex between calmodulin (CaM) and the neuromodulin IQ domain consists of two phases. In the first phase, Ca2+ bound to the C-ter EF hand pair in CaM increases the Kd for the complex from the Ca2+-free value of 2.3 +/- 0.1 microM to a value of 14.4 +/- 1.3 microM. In the second phase, Ca2+ bound to the N-ter EF hand pair reduces the Kd for the complex to a value of 2.5 +/- 0.1 microM, reversing the effect of the first phase. Due to energy coupling effects associated with these phases, the mean dissociation constant for binding of Ca2+ to the C-ter EF hand pair is increased approximately 3-fold, from 1.8 +/- 0.1 to 5.1 +/- 0.7 microM, and the mean dissociation constant for binding of Ca2+ to the N-ter EF hand pair is decreased by the same factor, from 11.2 +/- 1.0 to 3.5 +/- 0.6 microM. These characteristics produce a bell-shaped relationship between the apparent dissociation constant for the complex and the free Ca2+ concentration, with a distance of 5-6 microM between the midpoints of the rising and falling phases. Release of CaM from the neuromodulin IQ domain therefore appears to be promoted over a relatively narrow range of free Ca2+ concentrations. Our results demonstrate that CaM-IQ domain complexes can function as biphasic Ca2+ switches through opposing effects of Ca2+ bound sequentially to the two EF hand pairs in CaM.
Delay dynamical systems and applications to nonlinear machine-tool chatter

Abstract The stability behaviour of machine chatter that exhibits Hopf and degenerate bifurcations has been examined without the assumption of small delays between successive cuts. Delay dynamical system theory leading to the reduction of the infinite-dimensional character of the governing delay differential equations (DDEs) to a finite-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations have been employed. The essential mathematical arguments for these systems in the context of retarded DDEs are summarized. Then the application of these arguments in the stability study of machine-tool chatter with multiple time delays is presented. Explicit analytical expressions ensuring stable and unstable machining when perturbations are periodic, stochastic and nonlinear have been derived using the integral averaging method and Lyapunov exponents.
Fibronectin promotes formation of the close cell-to-substrate contact in cultured cells

Abstract The effects of addition of cellular fibronectin on the cell-to-substrate contacts of a non-transformed adhesion-defective mutant, AD6, of the BALB/ c3T3 cell-line, and of transformed L-929 fibroblasts have been examined by interference reflection microscopy (IRM). We report that formation of the close contact, but not focal contacts, is promoted in parallel with an increase in spreading in both cell types. These results provide strong evidence for a functional role of fibronectin in the formation of the adhesive close contact.
Reliability, Validity, and Utility of Criminal Profiling Typologies

Criminal profiling has received attention from the academic community and from the entertainment world since the FBI first published accounts of its profiling principles. It became popular through films such as Silence of the Lambs and the X-Files making headlines. However, beyond the victims' pin pictures that help create the sensationalism in these resources, there have been few, if any, reliable criminal profiling classification designs. This work examines deductive and inductive profiling models that classify crime scene activity including the first systematic review of the FBI's organized and disorganized profiling typology. The paper concludes with a discussion about how to turn profiling from an art too more a scientific process through the use of investigative process management research.
Weighted Sobolev spaces and rapidly decreasing solutions of some nonlinear dispersive wave equations

where d is a positive integer, A is a d-dimensional Laplacian, and the subscripts x, t denote partial differentiations. The initial value problems for (1. I)-(1.3) require the asymptotic conditions as x tends to infinity, and one must specify spaces of functions satisfying the desired asymptotic conditions. The usual choices of spaces are the Sobolev spaces Z-P. Well-posedness in HS, of the initial value problems for (1.1~(1.3), was established by many authors [3,5-8, 12, 181. It is of interest to know that Eqs. (l.l)-( 1.3) have solutions decreasing faster than HS convergence as x tends to infinity, in particular, solutions in the Schwartz spaces S for each t provided that their initial data are in S. This is motivated by Tanaka’s result for the Korteweg-de Vries equation [ 131, which establishes the existence of S-solutions by the inverse scattering techniques, and by the fact that Eqs. (l.l)-(1.3) have travelling solutions in S (solitary waves), which may play an important role of asymptotic behavior of solutions as t tends to infinity.
Israel in Contemporary Evangelical Christian Millennial Thought

Abstract Israel and the Jewish people play a central role in the millennial thought of evangelical Christians. Drawing on older Christian messianic elements, as well as introducing new concepts, evangelicals have looked upon the Jews as historical Israel and at Palestine as ground zero of End-Times millennial events. Beginning in the nineteenth century, evangelicals have become actively involved in attempts to build a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine. They have looked upon the building of a Jewish state as a “sign of the time,” an indication that the current era is ending and the messianic events are about to occur. Especially in the aftermath of the 1967 war, evangelicals have become ardent supporters of Israel, turning in effect into a pro-Israel lobby in Washington and, at times, in other capitals too. Although evangelical Christians are engaged in extensive missionary work among Jews, an unprecedented cooperation has developed between groups of evangelicals and Orthodox-nationalist Jews. Among the mutual projects is the attempt to build the Temple in Jerusalem in preparation for the events preceding the arrival of the Messiah to earth.
The effect of normal stress on the real area of contact during frictional sliding in rocks

The real area of contact during frictional sliding has been determined as a function of changing normal stress in triaxial experiments through the use of thermodyes. Utilizing the technique, described by Teufel and Logan in 1978, with saw-cut surfaces inclined 35° to the load axis, determinations were made for monolithologic sliding of Tennessee sandstone and Indiana limestone and dilithologic sliding of the same rocks. Confining pressures to 200 MPa were investigated at a constant shortening rate of 10-2 mm/sec and at room temperature. Direct measurements were made of single-asperity areas and the asperity density. The product of these measurements gives the percent area of real contact across the sliding surface. Single-asperity area and density are found to remain relatively constant during the displacement. Single-asperity areas are in the ranges of 0.4 to 6 × 10-2 mm2 for sandstone, 0.8 to 2 × 10-2 mm2 for limestone, and 0.2 to 24 × 10-2 mm2 for sandstone sliding against limestone. These values are smaller than the grain size of either rock. The values increase with increasing normal stress for both monolithologic and dilithologic sliding. In sandstone the asperity density increases from about 0.8 to 2.75 contacts per square millimeter in a logarithmic fashion. Monolithologic limestone has values of about 0.9 contacts per square millimeter and does not show significant change with increasing normal stress. The percent area of real contact increases in all cases, with average maximum values of 16% of the apparent area at a normal stress of 374 MPa in sandstone, 18% at 25 MPa in limestone, and 22% at 123 MPa in the dilithologic specimens. The normal stress recalculated for the real area of contact approaches the unconfined compressive strength for sandstone and limestone.
Graviton exchange and complete four-point functions in the AdS/CFT correspondence

Abstract The graviton exchange diagram for the correlation function of arbitrary scalar operators is evaluated in anti-de Sitter space, AdS d +1 . This enables us to complete the computation of the four-point amplitudes of dilaton and axion fields in IIB supergravity on AdS 5 × S 5 . By the AdS/CFT correspondence, we obtain the four-point functions of the marginal operators Tr( F 2 +…) and Tr (F F +…) in N =4 , d =4 SU ( N ) SYM at large N , large g YM 2 N . The short distance asymptotics of the amplitudes are studied. We find that in the direct channel the leading power singularity agrees with the expected contribution of the stress-energy tensor in a double OPE expansion. Logarithmic singularities occur in the complete four-point functions at subleading orders.
National Assessment and Critiques of State-and-Transition Models: The Baby with the Bathwater

On the Ground Ecological site descriptions and state-and-transition models are national-level tools for organizing and delivering information about landscape dynamics and management. Recent papers criticized state-and-transition models because they overemphasize grazing, are inconsistently presented, and do not address climate change. I argue that the analysis of Twidwell et al. does not support an overemphasis on grazing, that inconsistent presentation is a necessary consequence of early model development efforts and immature science concepts, and that climate change effects should not be addressed in site-level models without evidence. Improving these important tools requires fair critique, but also the strong commitment of scientists and funders.
Effect of mouthrinses on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilms in a hydrodynamic model.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Listerine®, Meridol®, and Perioaid® on the viability and total number of bacteria in established biofilms using an in vitro model under hydrodynamic conditions. Biofilms of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were placed in a modified Robbins device and rinsed twice daily during 4 days. Bacteria were quantified by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Visualization of the samples was performed by scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy, combined with a fluorescent vital staining. All three mouthrinses caused a significant reduction in the number of cultivable A. actinomycetemcomitans in a biofilm. Perioaid® was significantly the most powerful in killing the biofilm-protected bacteria and also in counteracting the development of thick dense microbial communities. The total amount of bacteria was not significantly affected by Listerine® and Meridol®.
Near-nanostructured WC-18 pct Co coatings with low amounts of non-WC carbide phase: Part II. Hardness and resistance to sliding and abrasive wear

We investigated the mechanical properties, microstructure, and tribological performance of high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) deposited WC-18 pct Co coatings, the synthesis of which was presented in Part I. The results show that the hardness of the coatings increases with the temperature of the particle at deposition. Coatings deposited with propylene fuel gas have higher hardness (1100 to 1300 kgf/mm2) than coatings produced with hydrogen (735 to 1000 kgf/mm2). Generally, the sliding-wear resistance increases linearly with the hardness but is decreased by the presence of cracks at splat interfaces. On any given coating, the hardness varies by as much as 400 kg/mm2, which results in corresponding local variations in sliding-wear resistance. Abrasion wear shows the same dependence on hardness and fracture as sliding wear.
The Moral Stereotypes of Liberals and Conservatives: Exaggeration of Differences Across the Political Divide

We investigated the moral stereotypes political liberals and conservatives have of themselves and each other. In reality, liberals endorse the individual-focused moral concerns of compassion and fairness more than conservatives do, and conservatives endorse the group-focused moral concerns of ingroup loyalty, respect for authorities and traditions, and physical/spiritual purity more than liberals do. 2,212 U.S. participants filled out the Moral Foundations Questionnaire with their own answers, or as a typical liberal or conservative would answer. Across the political spectrum, moral stereotypes about “typical” liberals and conservatives correctly reflected the direction of actual differences in foundation endorsement but exaggerated the magnitude of these differences. Contrary to common theories of stereotyping, the moral stereotypes were not simple underestimations of the political outgroup’s morality. Both liberals and conservatives exaggerated the ideological extremity of moral concerns for the ingroup as well as the outgroup. Liberals were least accurate about both groups.
Covalency parameters in transition metal complexes from ESR and quadrupole resonance

Abstract Ligand magnetic hyperfine data, ligand quadrupole data, and EPR spin-Hamiltonian parameters primarily associated with the metal ion can each be used to estimate molecular orbital coefficients for transition metal complexes. A comparison of such estimates for chloro complexes of 3d transition metals illustrates that the three methods give similar results. Problems associated with quadrupole shielding are discussed. Some specific features of the bonding of chloride ions as ligands are examined.
Photoperiodic Control of Flowering in Lemna perpusilla

THE factors controlling flowering in the Lemnaceae are largely unknown. Kandeler1 showed that certain strains of Lemna gibba would flower under long days, and that ‘stale’ media appeared to hasten flowering under such conditions. Landolt2 reported that a strain of Lemna perpusilla (designated by him as 6746) flowered in old, crowded cultures under all day-lengths tested. I have recently confirmed Landolt's observations, but with the significant addition that, even in fresh medium, strain 6746 flowers rapidly under short days, and appears to respond as a typical short-day plant. These experiments, like those cited, were done under aseptic conditions.
Integrated neural network and machine vision approach for intelligent state identification

An interfacing of neural networks (NNs) and machine vision to provide the next state of a system given an image of the present state of the system is presented. This interfacing is applied to a loading operation. First, a NN is trained for part recognition under conditions of rotation, location, object distortion, and background noise given an image of the part. Then, a second NN, given the output of the first NN and an image of a pallet being loaded, is trained for optimal part loading onto the pallet under conditions of noise in the image. The paradigm used is backpropagation. It was found that backpropagation performed well in this present state/next state identification. It was able to successfully train both networks. The various training styles used in both NN are examined. >
In vitro synthesis and release of prolactin from the mouse anterior pituitary during pregnancy.

Abstract Mouse anterior pituitaries removed on days 5 through 19 of pregnancy , were incubated for 3 h in the presence of 3 H-leucine. Incorporation of radioactivity into electrophoretically separated prolactin in medium and pituitary homogenate was used to determine patterns of prolactin synthesis, release, per cent release and storage. Prolactin synthesis, release and per cent release were high on days 5 through 7, low on days 8 through 16, and intermediate to high on days 18 and 19. Prolactin storage did not change significantly throughout pregnancy.
High strain wear mechanisms in ferrous alloys

Abstract Under slow speed lubricated wear conditions, stainless steel and mild carbon steel exhibit both subsurface high strain deformation and microextrusion. The character of the deformation and its depth appear to be significantly influenced by the effectiveness of the lubricant used. Three zones of action are seen in profile: (a) a transfer or mechanically alloyed layer on top of the surface or compressed into the surface; (2) a high strain region with heavy dislocation concentration and cell structure; (3) conventional deformation (slip lines, twins and elongated grains) below the first two zones. Flow from the second zone feeds extrusions out of the contact area and the extent of extrusion depends on the depth of the high strain zone. Break off of extrusions produces relatively large wear flakes. The size and shape of the flakes can be influenced by the effectiveness of the lubricant. The extrusion wear process is a function of the geometry, of the contact area and the relative hardness of the moving vs . the stationary parts. (Extrusion does not occur in some sliding contact systems.) The high strain mechanical properties of any metal undergoing wear are significant indicators of its wear behavior.
Percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical therapy for coronary heart disease.

Medical therapy reduces myocardial infarction and death in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, there is little evidence available to evaluate the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on hard endpoints in such patients. Four randomized, controlled trials have compared PCI with medical therapy. These studies have demonstrated that PCI results in an improvement in angina and exercise tolerance compared with medical therapy, but they also suggest that medical therapy may be preferable to PCI with respect to the risk of cardiac events. Interpretation of these studies has been limited by small sample size, exclusion of high-risk subjects, no or reduced use of stents, lack of a cost-effectiveness evaluation, and absence of risk factor intervention (except for Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment [AVERT], which used aggressive low-density lipoprotein lowering with atorvastatin in the medical group only). The Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial will permit better definition of the role of PCI in the treatment of stable or recently stabilized patients with CHD.