cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DC Pulsed Load Transient Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks

Advances in parallel computing has allowed for prolific application of neural network research in recent years. The recurrent neural network (RNN) is a specific architecture designed for time-domain signal classification, prediction, and generation. RNN architecture is different from traditional neural networks by keeping a history array buffer of previous signal information. The long short-term memory (LSTM) is a type of RNN that addresses gradient propagation issues during network training that are present in vanilla RNN architectures.This paper employs an RNN on two different DC pulsed power systems to demonstrate its viability in non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) applications, where there is a desire to disaggregate load transients on a microgrid at the load monitor as well as discern proper and faulty operation.
Minimizing electron-hole pair recombination through band-gap engineering in novel ZnO-CeO2-rGO ternary nanocomposite for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications

A novel ZnO-CeO2-rGO (ZCG) ternary nanocomposite with varying ZnO/CeO2 weight proportions was synthesized by a hydrothermal process for photoelectrochemical water splitting and photocatalytic application. XRD diffraction peaks of ZCG nanocomposites displayed the patterns of ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticles, and SEM revealed irregular flake-like particles, which were uniformly decorated on the rGO matrix. Increase in the intensity ratio of D and G bands from Raman spectra revealed changes in oxygen bonding in the ZnO-rGO (ZG) and ZCG nanocomposites. The shift in the band edge positions and the decrease in the band gap with increase in the cerium oxide content in ZCG composites were observed from UV-Vis and Mott-Schottky plots. XPS results showed that Ce3+ fraction increased with an increase in the cerium oxide content in ZCG nanocomposites. The ZCG3 (85:15) nanocomposite exhibited decreased electron-hole recombination rate as evidenced from the photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist plots. The characteristic frequency in Bode’s plot shifted to a lower frequency for the ZCG3 electrode demonstrating low interfacial charge transfer resistance, and ZCG3 photoelectrode displayed a higher photocurrent density of 0.69 mA/cm2 at 1.5 V compared with other photoelectrode. The optimized and highly efficient ZCG3 nanocomposite exhibited improved photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) with a reaction rate constant of 0.0201 min−1. Combination of defects in the form of Ce3+ ion and surface oxygen vacancies coupled with rGO as the electron acceptor improved the charge carrier density and carrier transport in addition to the formation Schottky-type junction and the presence of an internal electric field.
Prevalence and Impact of Comorbid Widespread Pain in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Registry-Based Study

Introduction: Widespread pain (WP) is emerging as a key comorbid condition in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study measured the prevalence of comorbid WP in adults with CLBP, WP predictors, and impact on patients. Methods: Patients with CLBP were recruited from the Pain Registry for Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation from 2016 through 2019. They were followed over 12 months to measure annual WP period prevalence rates using an item from the minimum dataset recommended by the National Institutes of Health Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain. Patients were classified as not having WP, having nonpersistent WP, or having persistent WP. Pain intensity, back-related disability, and quality of life were measured using a numerical rating scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the PROMIS-29 instrument, respectively. Results: A total of 358 patients were studied, including 56 (16%) without WP, 272 (76%) with nonpersistent WP, and 30 (8%) with persistent WP. There were no significant differences among the WP groups with regard to age, sex, or CLBP duration. However, being non-White and having moderate or high levels of pain catastrophizing remained significant predictors of nonpersistent or persistent WP after adjusting for potential confounders. Patients reported greater pain intensity and back-related disability and poorer quality of life over 12 months with increasing levels of WP persistence (P Conclusion: Greater efforts are needed in primary care to help close these gaps in pain intensity, back-related disability, and quality-of-life outcomes associated with WP.
Gerstenhaber brackets on Hochschild cohomology of general twisted tensor products

Abstract We present techniques for computing Gerstenhaber brackets on Hochschild cohomology of general twisted tensor product algebras. These techniques involve twisted tensor product resolutions and are based on recent results on Gerstenhaber brackets expressed on arbitrary bimodule resolutions.
Demographic representation in clinical trials for cell-based therapy

Inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research is critical to fully assess the safety and efficacy of innovative therapies. With inadequate representation of demography, generalizability is impaired since pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differ in these patient populations. This study was designed to analyze the voluntary participation rates of different demographic groups in cell-based therapy clinical trials conducted by the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (ISCI) at the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine. ISCI conducted eight clinical trials between 2007 and 2017. The trials enrolled patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), aging-frailty, and Type-2 Diabetes. Participants received cell-based therapy (n = 218) or placebo (n = 33). Among the 251 participants, 29.5% were Hispanic and 20% were women. The proportion of individuals participating in each trial was compared to that of the respective disease populations attending University of Miami Health System clinics to calculate the participation to prevalence ratio (PPR). Distribution of women accurately reflected the population attending the University of Miami Health System in trials for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and aging-frailty but was under-represented in others. Similarly, Hispanics and whites were accurately represented in three of the five disease fields, with Hispanics under-represented in frailty and diabetes, and whites over-represented in DCM and IPF. Black patients were accurately represented in the diabetes trial but were under-represented in all others. This study provides insight into challenges of achieving representative inclusion in research. Novel community engagement strategies are necessary to improve inclusion of women and under-represented minorities in clinical research of cell-based therapy.
Wear penalty for steel rubbing against hard coatings in reactive lubricants due to tribochemical interactions

Abstract Hard coatings and surface adsorptive/reactive lubricants are two common strategies for improving wear protection, but what if they are used together? In this study, steel-steel and steel-coating sliding was investigated in boundary lubrication of polar and non-polar oils containing a ZDDP or an ionic liquid. Two hard coatings, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and chromium nitride (CrN), were used. For a steel-steel contact, wear was effectively reduced by using a more surface reactive lubricant, as expected. However, the steel ball wear was increased against a hard coating and further worsened with a more polar oil and/or a more surface reactive additive. The wear mechanism is proposed as a combined effect of physicochemical interactions with the lubricant, mechanical polishing by the counterface, and material adhesion.
A Comparison of the physical properties of two commercial 3D printing PLA grades

As desktop three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained popularity over a wide range of settings, the use of polylactic acid (PLA) has increased commensurately due to the perceived positive safety an...
Allosteric modulation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike conformation

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This interaction is mediated by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) glycoprotein. Structural and dynamic data have shown that S can adopt multiple conformations, which controls the exposure of the ACE2-binding site in the RBD. Here, using single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging we report the effects of ACE2 and antibody binding on the conformational dynamics of S from the Wuhan-1 strain and the B.1 variant (D614G). We find that D614G modulates the energetics of the RBD position in a manner similar to ACE2 binding. We also find that antibodies that target diverse epitopes, including those distal to the RBD, stabilize the RBD in a position competent for ACE2 binding. Parallel solution-based binding experiments using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) indicate antibody-mediated enhancement of ACE2 binding. These findings inform on novel strategies for therapeutic antibody cocktails.
The contemporary US peace movement

1. Introduction 2. Methodology and Demographic Data 3. Participation, Identity, and Social Networks in the Peace Movement 4. The Peace Movement and the Political Opportunity Structure 5. Peace Movement Issues, Diversity, and Mobilization 6. Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Prospects for the Peace Movement 7. Conclusions
Simple, Solid Dielectric Start Switch

A field-distortion, solid dielectric switch of the type introduced by Martin1 at A. W. R. E. and later extensively investigated by Dokopoulos2 at Julich is used as a start switch for a fast theta pinch system. Previous solid dielectric switches of this type required extensive electrode and switch package preparation as well as a fast trigger system to provide repeatable, multiple-arc channels during switching. In contrast, this switch was designed to facilitate ease of operation, switch package preparation and replacement. Repeatable performance is obtained with pitted and scarred electrodes and a relatively slow trigger system. The switch, 20 cm wide, produces an average of four arc channels, holds off approximately 110 kV and switches 70 kV with a maximum current of 500 kA. The inductance of the switch, including the connecting stripline inductance of 11 nH, is approximately 12 nH. The theta pinch circuit resistance is 13 mΩ, most of which is due to the four, parallel, Tobe Deutschmann ESC 249 capacitors. A very low switch resistance of 1-2 mΩ is indicated. The trigger system, a compact, photoelectrically triggered Marx circuit, produces a 80 kV, 50 joule pulse with a rise time of 50 ns. The average delay from Marx trigger initiation is. 1 μs with an average jitter of .05 μs. The switching action is performed under oil to decrease switching noise. The oil also prevents high voltage tracking problems and thus reduces the switch package size. All of the current carrying joints in the switch are reinforced by a hydraulic jack that holds the switch plates together during switching.
The Execution of an Arbitration Provision as a Condition Precedent of Medical Treatment: Legally Enforceable? Medically Ethical?

Is it reasonable for a physician to condition treatment upon the patient’s execution of an arbitration agreement? Is such an agreement enforceable? Is such an agreement medically ethical? This paper will address these topics (and others) in an effort to determine whether a treatment conditioned upon the execution of an arbitration agreement covering medical liability claims is consistent with, and should be a defensible component part of, the physician-patient relationship.
100-V 2-MHz isolated QSW-ZVS three-level DC-DC converter with on-chip dynamic dead-time controlled synchronous gate driver for eGaN power FETs

This paper presents techniques for high-voltage converters to achieve high power efficiency at high switching frequency. A quasi-square-wave zero-voltage switching isolated three-level half-bridge architecture is proposed to minimize the converter switching loss under high-voltage high-frequency conditions. A synchronous three-level gate driver with dynamic dead-time control is also developed to ensure reliability of all eGaN power FETs, automatically generate appropriate dead-time for all power FETs to achieve ZVS with minimal reverse bias behavior, and provide fast propagation delays for high-frequency converter operation. Implemented in a 0.5-µm HV CMOS process, the proposed gate driver achieves 15ns propagation delays and enables a 100V 35W isolated three-level half-bridge converter to achieve the peak power efficiencies of 95.2% and 90.7% at 1MHz and 2MHz, respectively.
Catastrophe and Contention in Rural China: INDIGNATION AND FRUSTRATED RETALIATION: THE POLITICS OF DISENGAGEMENT

Whereas it is well established that the absence of any institutionalized checks on the Maoist abuse of centralized state power subjected villagers to socialist famine, one school of thought, expressed eloquently by Dali Yang, argues that the Great Leap famine delegitimated only the people's commune while leaving the legitimacy of the party-led state itself more or less intact in the minds of rural people. The memories of Da Fo's famine survivors illuminate, however, that Dali Yang's thesis does not hold for this Chinese village, where villagers came to see local party leaders as illegitimate due specifically to their poor leadership and political misbehavior during the Great Leap Forward, not simply because of their association with the commune. People understood their behavior was inseparable from the party-state to which they were loyal. The behavior of the party's representatives in the aftermath of the famine only compounded the problem. If a famine-subjected state must forge an anti-famine contract with its people in order to retain its legitimacy, as Alex de Waal has argued, then it was incumbent upon the government of the PRC in the wake of the Great Leap Forward Famine to make its disgraced leaders at all levels accept accountability for their errors, to introduce greater institutional openness and transparency, and to transfer regulatory power over food into the hands of famine-vulnerable farmers, returning to them the prerogative of provisioning themselves before the state. None of this happened.
Abstract 1845: Sensitivity of PC9 cells to erlotinib is affected by extracellular matrix

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor, such as erlotinib and gefinitib, have been effective in the initial treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. With time, however, initially responsive tumors almost invariably rebound and proliferate under therapy. Of general interest is the impact of tumor cell heterogeneity on rebound time. Previously, we isolated 89 single-cell derived discrete sublines (DS) from the commonly studied PC9 cell line by monitoring the distribution of cell fates (division, quiescence, and cell death) and the drug-induced proliferation (DIP) rate under erlotinib treatment. In this work we examine the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in determining proliferation behavior and the distribution of cell fates. Cells suspended in 3D matrices show increased sensitivity to erlotinb with the rate of cell death depending on the ECM composition. DS sublines that were highly resilient in 2D culture (i.e., positive DIP rate and <10% cell death under treatment) asymptote to about 40% cell death in Matrigel after ten days in 1 µM erlotinb. Both the rate of cell death and the total percentage of the cell population that dies increased in collagen I and in collagen I coated hydrogel. At asymptotic levels, the cell population contained both dividing and quiescent cells. In contrast, DS sublines with negative DIP rates in 2D culture reached 90-99% cell death in each ECM considered. We conclude that the pathways conferring resilience in these cells are sensitive to ECM conditions. Intriguingly, we find that resilient DS sublines tend to have diversity in cluster morphologies in the matrices, suggesting a possible correlation between ECM engagement and/or adhesion and resilience. Molecular studies should clarify mechanistic relationships between ECM and sensitivity to targeted therapy, and whether such relationship may extend to clinical tumors. Citation Format: Halina M. Onishko, Jie Zhao, Katherine L. Jameson, Peter L. Frick, Darren R. Tyson, Vito Quaranta, Thomas E. Yankeelov, Erin C. Rericha. Sensitivity of PC9 cells to erlotinib is affected by extracellular matrix. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1845. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1845
Meningitis and sphenoidal sinusitis associated with free gas in the suprasellar cistern

A case of pneumococcal meningitis in association with sphenoidal sinusitis is described. A focal gas collection was demonstrated adjacent to the posterior clinoid process. No discernible breach of the sphenoidal sinus walls could be shown.
Cloning and domain structure of the mammalian splicing factor U2AF

A complementary DNA clone encoding the large subunit of the essential mammalian premessenger RNA splicing component U2 snRNP auxiliary factor (U2AF65) has been isolated and expressed in vitro. It contains two functional domains: a sequence-specific RNA-binding region composed of three ribonucleo protein-consensus sequence domains, and an arginine/serine-rich motif necessary for splicing but not for binding to pre-mRNA.
Effects of Linkage Isomerism and of Acid−Base Equilibria on Reactivity and Catalytic Turnover in Hydrolytic Cleavage of Histidyl Peptides Coordinated to Palladium(II). Identification of the Active Complex between Palladium(II) and the Histidyl Residue

This is a quantitative study of hydrolysis of the His−Gly bond in the peptide AcHis−Gly catalyzed by cis-[Pd(en)(H2O)2]2+. We exploit the diverse coordinating abilities and acid−base properties of histidyl residue to interpret the kinetics and explain the mechanism of this new reaction. We compare peptides selectively methylated at the N-1 or N-3 atom of imidazole and study effects of solution acidity on the abundance of different peptide−catalyst complexes and on the rate constant for hydrolysis. Only the catalyst bound to the N-3 atom of imidazole can effect this reaction; none of the four other modes of coordination is effective. The necessary approach of the palladium(II) aqua complex to the scissile peptide bond and the rate constant of hydrolysis are unaffected by the remote methyl group that merely controls the mode of peptide coordination to the catalyst. Acid in solution affects hydrolysis only by controlling the concentration of the reactive complex, not by catalyzing the reaction itself. Weakly...
The square root of a digraph

Abstract This paper presents a solution to the problem of characterizing digraphs which have at least one square root. The characterization is stated in terms of the existence of a set of subdigraphs of the given digraph. The theorem of Mukhopadhyay which deals with square roots of non-directed graphs follows as a corollary.
Spermatogenesis, testicular composition and the concentration of testosterone in the equine testis as influenced by season.

Abstract The influence of season on spermatogenesis, testicular composition and the concentration of testosterone in the equine testis was evaluated using testes from 45 stallions. Testes were obtained through a commercial abbatoir during September, December–January, March and July. The weights of the testes, the tunica albuginea and testicular parenchyma and the proportion of the testicular parenchyma occupied by seminiferous tubules or interstitial tissue were similar during each season. How ever, diameter of the seminiferous tubules was greater in July than during other months of the study. In addition, the concentration of testosterone within the testicular parenchyma was twice as great during July as during the fall and winter, and this period of peak testicular testosterone concentrations was associated with spermatozoal production rates, which were 65% greater than those observed in September.
DATAPATH: A CMOS Data Path Silicon Assembler

As an integration of automatic silicon assembly and simulation tools, the DATAPATH Silicon Assembler produces mask geometries and netlists from input specifications written in a Hardware Description Language, MADL. DATAPATH consists of a library of data path cells (i.e. registers, bus prechargers, drivers, interconnects, ALU's and other logic elements) in a flexible bus architecture. The cells are highly parameterized and procedurally described in a hierarchical manner. The layout is automatically generated using a LISP-embedded procedural description language, ICPL, and is independent of design rule changes as a result of parameterization. This paper describes the DATAPATH Silicon Assembler synthesis process which includes the users' interface, the automatic layout generation, the architecture, library and the verification process, all in a single engineering workstation system.
A window on the role of dopamine in addiction disorders.

The paper Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopamine replacement therapies by Giovannoni et al in this issue of the Journal (pp423–8 ) 1 provides an important new perspective on the neurobiology of addiction. These investigators have studied a small number of patients with Parkinson's disease who develop features of addiction to dopamine replacement therapy. The patients were mostly men with early onset Parkinson's disease responsive to dopaminergic therapy. They showed an increasing need for dopaminergic treatment in excess of that normally required to relieve parkinsonian signs and symptoms. …
Inhibition of endothelial cell prostaglandin H synthase gene expression by naproxen

Naproxen is a potent anti-inflammatory drug whose action is attributed to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. In view of our recent discovery that aspirin and sodium salicylate are capable of reducing cellular levels of prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase mRNA, we have evaluated the effect of naproxen on PGH synthase protein and mRNA levels in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). PGH synthase mRNA levels were quantified by a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay; protein was assessed by Western blotting. Naproxen decreased the PGH synthase protein level in HUVEC in a concentration-dependent manner. It abolished entirely the 70 kDa PGH synthase subunit at 5 micrograms/ml. It appears more effective in blocking interleukin-1 inducible PGH synthase levels. Naproxen also inhibited the synthase mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner; levels were reduced by 33% at 5 micrograms/ml and 60% at 30 micrograms/ml naproxen. These results indicate that naproxen, like the salicylates, inhibits PGH synthase levels in cultured endothelial cells either by inhibiting transcription of the PGH synthase gene or by destabilizing its messenger RNA.
Spoiling of transverse magnetization in gradient-echo (GRE) imaging during the approach to steady state

The signal evolution behaviors and corresponding image appearances for different methods of spoiling or refocusing the transverse magnetization in short TR gradient-echo imaging during the approach to steady state were investigated experimentally and using computer simulations based on the Bloch equations. Specifically, ideally spoiled, gradient-spoiled, gradient-refocused, and RF-spoiled pulse sequence configurations were studied. This study showed that, for the gradient-spoiled configuration, the signal evolution is position and phase-encoding order-dependent and, under typical imaging conditions, can deviate substantially from the ideally spoiled signal evolution at some spatial positions, resulting in intensity banding image artifacts. For the gradient-refocused configuration, the signal evolution oscillates toward the steady state and, generally, does not closely approximate that of ideal spoiling, resulting in different image contrast or image blurring. Using RF spoiling, the signal evolution closely approximates the ideally spoiled case for flip angles less than approximately 20 degrees and T2 values of less than approximately 200 ms and results in relatively artifact-free images. Also, this study showed that, for RF spoiling, an RF-pulse phase-difference increment other than 117 degrees, such as 84 degrees may be optimal for gradient-echo imaging during the approach to steady state.
“Helper:” A critical events prompter for unexpected emergencies

Objective. The medical practitioner is faced with an increasing list of protocols and algorithms related to patient care. These recommendations are often difficult to recall, particularly in stressful emergency situations. Using advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols, we built a computer-based system to exhibit precompiled response plans for medical emergencies. To validate the usefulness of this prompting device, we tested application of two of the nine ACLS algorithms, pulseless ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (Vfib/Vtach) and bradycardia, in a simulated operating room (OR) environment.Methods. The system utilized the software authoring system IconAuthor (Aimtec Inc., Nashua, NH) and a touch-screen monitor (DiamondScan, Microtouch, Methuen, MA). Prior to testing our system, all 39 subjects were given time to familiarize themselves with its operation. Subsequently, all subjects were videotaped while managing a standard simulated anesthetic. During the anesthetic, the subjects were presented with two emergency scenarios, not viewed during the familiarization period. The electrocardiographic (EKG) signals for normal sinus rhythm, ventricular fibrillation, and second-degree heart block were presented. By random selection, the prompter was available to half of the subjects for help with arrhythmia management (experimental group), while to half it was not (control group).Results. A total of 39 subjects completed the exercise. Use of the prompter enabled significantly more subjects to administer correct drugs and dosages during ventricular fibrillation. The correct lidocaine dose was chosen more often by the experimental group than by the control (p=0.015); similarly MgSO4 was appropriately ordered more often in the experimental group (p=0.003). During second-degree heart block, atropine was correctly followed with a dopamine infusion (p=0.004), and epinephrine infusion was ordered for refractory bradycardia (p=0.002) more often in the experimental than the control group.Conclusions. These data demonstrate the value of a prompting device at the anesthesia workstation. We foresee the use of such prompters in many areas of medicine.
Hydrogen fluoride analyzer for gases and aerosols

Abstract Many fire suppression agents are currently used, and the replacement candidates for these agents contain fluorine atoms. When these agents are used to extinguish a fire, large quantities of hydrogen fluoride gas can be produced from the thermal degradation of fluorinated organic compounds. A real-time analyzer has been developed to measure exposure levels of hydrogen fluoride gas and aerosols during fire suppression tests. A vacuum pump pulls air through a continuous denuder, where the toxic gas and aerosols are extracted from the air into an aqueous trapping solution. The trapping solution then passes through a flow cell, where a fluoride ion-selective electrode measures the fluoride ion concentration. A solenoid pump moves the trapping solution and calibration standards through the analyzer. Once calibrated, the analyzer can generate a concentration profile of hydrogen fluoride versus time. This hydrogen fluoride analyzer is portable and can be calibrated in about 5 min. It provides rapid response to hydrogen fluoride gas and aerosols, over a detection range from 1 to 5000 mg/m 3 .
Mechanism of activation and deactivation of Dyfonate (o-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) by rat liver microsomes.

Abstract In the rat liver microsome-reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate system, the thionosulphur of Dyfonate® ( O -ethyl S -phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) is replaced by oxygen from atmospheric molecular oxygen, producing the oxon analog, a potent anticholinesterase; however, in the same system, cleavage of the ester bond also occurs to form a non-toxic thiophosphonic acid derivative, incorporating oxygen from water, only. There is evidence that these reactions involve a common intermediate, a mechanism probably applicable to other thionophosphorus insecticide chemicals.
Structural Determinants of Occupational Shifts for Males and Females in the U.S. Labor Market

This paper examines the effects of structural transformation on occupational shifts for socio-demographic groups. Although services add more jobs than manufacturing, shifts in manufacturing industries continue to be a source of growth in high-order white and blue collar work for males. However, for females, these industries are significant only in determining pink collar and low-order blue collar work. Similar trends are noted for advanced producer services such as finance, insurance, and real estate. Other nonmanufacturing sectors with relatively stable product markets and strong internal labor market conditions, such as construction and transportation, continue to be significant in creating a range of jobs for males. Although males are faced with reduced opportunities following the loss of manufacturing jobs, male-female differentials prevail in the labor market; males continue to fill high-order jobs in services, and females cluster in low-order occupations and in sectors with volatile product markets.
Classroom Teachers' Perceptions Regarding Educational Services to Students with Attention Deficit Disorders

Abstract Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is an area that has many implications for public education. One concern is how ADD is perceived by classroom teachers in relation to the service delivery process. The investigation reported in this article obtained information about perceptions of classroom teachers about ADD and educational services to children.
Sensitivity of global tropospheric ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations to climate change

[1] An integrated global model of climate, tropospheric gas phase chemistry, and aerosols has been used to investigate the sensitivity of global ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations to climate change. Two simulations corresponding to present (1990s) and future (2050s) climates have been performed and compared. A future climate has been imposed using ocean boundary conditions corresponding to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change SRES A2 scenario for the 2050s decade, resulting in an increase in the global annual average values of the surface air temperature by 1.7°C, the lower tropospheric specific humidity by 0.9 g H2O/kg air, and the precipitation by 0.15 mm d−1. Present-day anthropogenic emissions have been used in both simulations while climate-sensitive natural emissions were allowed to vary with the simulated climate. The tropospheric ozone burden in the future climate run decreased by 5%, and its lifetime decreased from 27.8 to 25.3 days. The tropospheric ozone change is driven primarily by increased ozone loss rates through ozone photolysis in the presence of water vapor, which on a global scale, more than compensate for the increased ozone chemical production associated with increased temperatures. At the model surface layer, over remote regions, ozone mixing ratios decreased by 1–3 ppbv, while polluted regions showed a relatively smaller decrease of 0–1 ppbv and increased by 1–5 ppbv in some cases. The global burdens and lifetimes of fine particulate matter species in the future climate run decreased by 2 to 18% because of increased wet deposition loss rates associated with increased precipitation. At the model surface layer, there are regions of decreases and increases in the concentrations of fine particulate matter species. The increased surface layer concentrations of some fine particulate matter species is primarily driven by lower regional-scale precipitation and increased secondary production, where applicable. The robustness of the predicted regional-scale changes for fine particulate matter species is strongly dependent upon the predicted regional-scale precipitation changes.
On the inequality Σxiyi ≥ 1/nΣxi·Σyi and the van der Waerden permanent conjecture

Abstract The paper consists of two parts. In Part I necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the inequality of the title to hold (Theorem I). In Part II an application is made to the van der Waerden permanent conjecture which yields a larger class of matrices than known heretofore for which the conjecture holds (Theorem II).
The Meaning and Measure of Teachers' Sense of Responsibility for Educational Outcomes.

We provide a critical review of existing teacher responsibility measures, develop the rationale for, and introduce a new Teacher Responsibility Scale (TRS). Evidence from a sample of German pre-service teachers (Study 1) and American in-service teachers (Study 2) supported a multi-dimensional model of teacher responsibility with four subscales that assess responsibility for student motivation, student achievement, relationships with students, and teaching. The study demonstrated that teacher responsibility is conceptually and empirically distinct from self-efficacy, and that the associations between responsibility and self-efficacy vary by the type of educational outcome. Implications for research on teaching and teacher education are discussed.
Correction: raloxifene response needs more than an element.

In our report “Identification of an estrogen response element activated by metabolites of 17β-estradiol and raloxifene” ([30 Aug., p. 1222][1]) ([1][2]), we examined regulation by raloxifene of the human transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) promoter and proposed a new pathway of gene
Observations on cytokinesis

The phragmoplast concerned with the formation of cell plate during the cytokinesis appears as a fibrous structure as seen with both the light and the electron microscopes. The vesicles, which form the cell plate by fusion with one another, are associated with the fibrils of the phragmoplast in such a manner that the phragmoplast may be assumed to be involved in the movement of the vesicles toward its equatorial plane.
A distinct asymmetrical pattern of cortical malformation : Large unilateral malformation of cortical development with contralateral periventricular nodular heterotopia in three pediatric cases

Summary: Purpose: To describe a distinct asymmetrical pattern of cortical malformation with large focal malformations of cortical development (MCDs) and contralateral periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH). Methods: We identified three patients with epilepsy and focal EEG abnormalities. Each patient underwent 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain sagittal T1-weighted, axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, and coronal fast spin-echo inversion recovery (FSEIR) T2-weighted images; coronal spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) T1-weighted images were obtained in two cases. Results: Patient 1, an 18-year-old right-handed man, had a 4-year history of intractable seizures. MRI revealed a right frontal subcortical heterotopia (SH) and a single left anterior PNH. Patient 2, a 10-year-old left-handed boy, had a 4-year history of epilepsy. MRI revealed a large region of SH in the left temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and three right-sided PNH. Patient 3, a 16-month-old girl, had medically refractory infantile spasms. MRI revealed a large MCD in the left parietal lobe with contiguous underlying periventricular heterotopia as well as a small contralateral PNH. Conclusions: These cases together illustrate a distinct asymmetrical pattern of a large focal MCD with small contralateral PNH. The asymmetrical involvement of the two hemispheres suggests that the stage of maximal disruption of cortical development may differ between the two hemispheres. Further study into the mechanisms underlying such asymmetrical patterns of cortical malformation should enhance our understanding of cortical development as well as hemispheric lateralization.
Sequential infection of silicone metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasties resulting from skin breakdown

We report a case of late multiple infected metacarpophalangeal silicone implants in a patient who had had replacement arthroplasty for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The patient had done well for 10 years after metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty when an implant infection developed. Over the next 4 years the remaining three implants on her dominant extremity also became infected necessitating their removal. The origin of the infections is thought to be the result of excessive and improper usage of the hand.
From mass production to mass customization: The case of the National Industrial Bicycle Company of Japan

Abstract By means of a detailed study of the National Industrial Bicycle Company of Japan (NIBC), Suresh Kotha examines the dynamics of implementing mass customization in a firm that pursues both mass production and mass customization in two different factories. NIBC reaps superior returns by employing a ‘system’ which increases interaction between the mass production and mass custom factories and encourages knowledge creation. The author then considers the most important external (industry level) and internal (firm level) conditions which are necessary to successfully pursue mass customization, and points out that the interactions and interrelationships between them are important to a successful outcome too.
Similarity of genetic distance determined from DNA thermal denaturation profiles to standard estimates of bacteriophage relatedness.

Abstract High resolution thermal denaturation profiles of a series of potentially related bacteriophages of Bacillus subtilis contain a multitude of distinctive features that permit them to be divided into at least four groups. In addition, the profiles can be used to derive the quantitative parameter, genetic distance, defined by Soumpasis (Soumpasis, D. (1980) J. Theor. Biol. 86, 137–147). Both the quantitative and the qualitative intercomparisons of profiles are in general agreement with the results of standard techniques for estimating genetic relatedness.
Ultrafast Sonochemical Synthesis of Methane and Ethane Bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with methane and ethane bridging groups were synthesized by the condensation of bis(triethoxysilyl)methane and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, respectively, in an ultrafast sonochemical method with a short reaction time of 30 min using a cationic template (1-hexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (HTABr). Subsequently, the template HTABr was extracted by another 30 min of sonication in an acetone/HCl mixture. The whole experimental process for the synthesis and extraction of the PMOs took about 1 h, which is much shorter than any other reported methods. Both the PMOs have very high surface areas of 1200−1390 m2 g−1 with a narrow pore size distribution of ∼3 nm. This sonochemical method further extended for the synthesis of large pore (pore size of ∼5 nm) methane and ethane bridged PMOs using a triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 as template. The methane and ethane bridged PMO materials thus obtained were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron mic...
The Human Genome Project: Research Tactics and Economic Strategies*

In the Museum of Science and Technology in San Jose, California, there is a display dedicated to advances in biotechnology. Most prominent in the display is a double helix of telephone books stacked in two staggered spirals from the floor to the ceiling twenty-five feet above. The books are said to represent the current state of our knowledge of the eukaryotic genome: the primary sequences of DNA polynucleotides for the gene products which have been discovered so far in the twenty years since cloning and sequencing the genome became possible.
Past, present and future of econometrics

In this article salient aspects of the past, present and future of econometrics are considered. These include a resume of past key developments in econometric modeling, inference and uses of econometrics. Further, some comments are made relating to various statistical inference procedures, techniques of model formulation and the relations of theory and application. It is concluded that a stronger interaction between theory and application will do much to promote further progress in econometrics in the future.
Experience with mirror drivers for distributed workspace

Nowadays it becomes common for a person to have several computers at his disposal. Instead of treating each computer individually, the person would like to have all these computers form a distributed workspace. In other words, the person would like to access all these computers through any one of them. Recent technology advances in hardware and software make a distributed workspace possible. In this paper, we describe our experience of developing a distributed workspace using mirror drivers in Windows environment. By using a mirror driver, an application or the whole desktop of one computer can be shown on another computer very quickly. With the distributed workspace, a user is able to see any window in this workspace, to compare windows from different machines on the same screen, and to exchange information among computers.
Pituitary-Thyroid Regulation in Euthyroid Patients with Graves' Disease Previously Treated with Antithyroid Drugs

Abstract To understand why some patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease remain euthyroid after a course of antithyroid drug therapy, pituitary-thyroid regulation was studied in 20 such patients who had remained well for six months or longer after the withdrawal of antithyroid drugs. Only patients who were clinically euthyroid and had normal serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were studied. Serum TSH responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid suppression were determined in all patients. Seven patients had normal responses to both tests. Six patients had a subnormal response to TRH and abnormal suppression. Five patients had a subnormal response to TRH and normal suppression, and two patients had a normal TSH response to TRH and abnormal suppression. There were no differences in the mean serum T4, T3 or TSH concentrations between any of the groups. The mean duration of time after antithyroid drug withdrawal was 19 months in the pat...
An interactive approach to the design of noncontinuous plants

Abstract The design of noncontinuous plants has been an area of active research for the past 20 yr. Much of the past work has been focused on optimal equipment sizing using mathematical programming techniques, often with further restrictions on the types of equipment, intermediate storage, operating policies and so on. A more comprehensive view of the design should include equipment selection, task assignment and configuration synthesis as well as path sequencing and unit sizing, but such a design does not lend itself readily to the existing techniques. In this paper we report a novel approach to the design of noncontinuous plants. This approach is based on a design tool, BatchEx, which performs three basic functions. First, it maintains current plant configurations, production plans, path sequences and useful design indices such as equipment utilization. Second, it provides a set of design operators which are used to enter design decisions and to evaluate their consequences. Third, it provides a graphic interface for a user to access the knowledge base and the design operators. Implemented in ART, an expert system shell with schema representation and rule programming, BatchEx is applicable to both OPAT (One Product At A Time) and MPAT (Multiple Products At A Time) noncontinuous plants. It provides for task merging, task splitting and equipment reuse. It allows for nonidentical parallel units, in-phase, out-of-phase, mixed operating modes and intermediate storage. Full flexibility is available with regard to the selection and sequencing of production paths. In its present implementation a design is guided by total equipment cost minimization. Given a design BatchEx determines its feasibility and provides information which may be used to improve the design. BatchEx allows the user to enter an initial design for a given problem and information about the design is presented to the user upon request. The design is modified by the user based on his experience and analysis. Heuristics have been developed for design initialization and improvement. Examples are presented to illustrate these heuristics. A preliminary assessment of the efficacy of this approach is given.
Trans-scaphoid Trans-lunotriquetral Perilunate Dislocation in a Patient with a Carpal Coalition

Congenital carpal coalitions are rare conditions that arise from a failure or an incomplete cavitation of a cartilaginous precursor of the carpal bones between the fourth and eighth week of intrauterine life.1 The incidence of coalitions has been estimated to occur in 0.1% of the population and up to 1.6% in people of African descent.2,3 Coalitions can occur either in isolation or in association with a syndrome.2,4 The most common type is the lunotriquetral coalition that represents approximately 88.9% of all carpal fusions.5 The majority of coalitions remain asymptomatic and are incidentally found during imaging procedures or following traumatic injuries. Furthermore, fusions do not transmit stresses well and have a predisposition to fracture.4,6,7 This study reports a case of trans-scaphoid trans-lunotriquetral perilunate dislocation with a lunotriquetral coalition and successful management with closed reduction, percutaneous fixation, and a thumb spica cast.
Articulatory adequacy in dysarthric speakers: a comparison of judging formats

An articulatory inventory was administered to 19 dysarthric adults and scored using two judging formats--phoneme identification and traditional testing. Results indicated that samples judged using the traditional testing format, in which the judge knew the target phoneme, were consistently scored more accurately than those that had been judged using a phoneme identification format, in which the target was not known. Although overall both judging formats were characterized by high inter-rater reliability, the traditional testing format was less reliable than phoneme identification with samples obtained from severely involved speakers. Potential uses of articulatory inventories for dysarthric adults are described.
A scaling model for the prediction of micellization of diblocks in polymer melts

Abstract A scaling model is proposed for A–B diblock copolymers in homopolymer melts based on the minimization of free energy. Competition between the migration of block copolymer to the A and B homopolymer interface and formation of micelles in the B phase has been modeled. Sample calculations done for polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene (PB), and PS–PB diblock copolymers support experimental observation for the onset of micellization and for the aggregation number of a micelle. The model is relatively simple and testable. It can be used as a predictive tool, once knowledge of three scaling factors is obtained. This would allow a priori calculation of the block copolymer concentration needed for full coverage of the homopolymer interface.