cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional Future Scenarios for Rural Space Types in Austria

The results of this study show development paths of rural regions in Austria. The conflicts between various policy objectives in regard to agriculture, the regional economy and protection of the environment will increase further. The value, which the society attaches to the social functions of agriculture and the areas covered by it, will increase more than the value of the production of biomass. In main agricultural regions the function “production of food and raw materials” is still the most important pillar of agriculture and the regional economy. In the more densely populated districts also the functions of resource protection, spatial structuring and biodiversity are very important for society. In the mountainous districts multifunctionality appears to be a complementary phenomenon. Most important there is the function of biodiversity, but also tourism- relations in the case of developed tourist regions. In the case of eastern border regions, with special problems in regional economy the functions of agriculture and agricultural areas assume low levels. In some districts new dynamics can be observed since the opening of the borders, but in some regions there is still lack of progress. The subsidies for agriculture and regional development should depend on the different multifunctional bases of the regions.
Mothers' and fathers' parenting attitudes during COVID-19.

Attitudes about parenting are derived from early socialization of gender role norms and often include intensive parenting beliefs, which give mothers an outsized role in parenting. This study examined the differences in intensive parenting beliefs among cisgender mothers and fathers during the United States COVID-19 response. Data from a sample of 1048 mothers and fathers were collected during March and April 2020 to understand parenting beliefs. Results indicated that some demographic factors, including gender and ethnicity, impact intensive parenting beliefs. Additionally, the number of COVID-19 cases in a state, along with school closure length, was related to intensive parenting beliefs.
Unique factorization properties in commutative monoid rings with zero divisors

Several different versions of “factoriality” have been defined for commutative rings with zero divisors. We apply semigroup theory to study these notions in the context of a commutative monoid ring R[S], determining necessary and sufficient conditions for R[S] to be various kinds of “unique factorization rings.” Our work generalizes Anderson et al.’s results about “unique factorization” in R[X], Gilmer and Parker’s characterization of factorial monoid domains, and Hardy and Shores’s classification of when R[S] is a principal ideal ring (for S cancellative). Along the way, we determine when R[S] is “restricted cancellative” or satisfies various “(restricted) ideal cancellation laws.”
A Phase I Trial of the MET/ALK/ROS1 Inhibitor Crizotinib Combined with the VEGF Inhibitor Pazopanib in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies.

Background Crizotinib inhibits ALK, MET and ROS1 tyrosine kinases but the development of resistance to monotherapy is an issue. The anti-angiogenic properties of pazopanib could overcome crizotinib drug resistance. Additionally, the anti-angiogenic properties of crizotinib could augment the clinical efficacy of pazopanib. Methods We evaluated the safety and responses in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with crizotinib and pazopanib. Results Eighty-two patients (median age 53 years, range 18-78 years) were enrolled. The median number of prior systemic therapies was 3 (range, 0-8). We were able to dose escalate to dose level 8 (crizotinib 250 mg twice daily and pazopanib 800 mg daily) with no MTD identified. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were seen in 32% of patients with the highest prevalence being fatigue (n=9, 11%), diarrhea (n=6, 7%), vomiting (n=3, 4%), anemia (n=2, 2%) and ALT increased (n=2, 2%). Of the 82 patients, 61 (74%) had measurable disease by RECISTv1.1 and reached first restaging (6 weeks). Partial response (PR) was observed in 6/61 (10%) patients, and stable disease (SD) lasting ≥6 months was observed in 10/61 patients (16%) (total = 16/61 (26%) of patients with SD ≥6 months/PR). Conclusion Dose level 6 (crizotinib 200 mg twice daily and pazopanib 600 mg daily) was the most tolerable dosing of the combination and can be used in future studies. We also observed moderate clinical activity in patients with advanced solid tumors that had received numerous prior therapies.
Electrical delays in quadripolar leads with cardiac resynchronization therapy.

BACKGROUND Pacing at sites of late intraventricular activation (QLV) or long interventricular conduction (right ventricle [RV]-left ventricular [LV]) have been associated with improved cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcomes. Quadripolar leads improve CRT outcomes by allowing for electrical repositioning to optimize pacing sites. However, little is known regarding the effect of such repositioning on electrical delay. OBJECTIVE Determine the relationship between different electrical bipoles from a quadripolar lead and measures of electrical delay. METHODS Forty-six patients underwent CRT with a quadripolar lead. The RV-LV and QLV intervals were measured for both the proximal and distal bipoles and the difference (Δ) between bipoles for each measure were calculated. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of electrical delays. RESULTS This was a typical CRT population with a mean age of 65 years and ejection fraction of 27%, with left bundle branch block (LBBB) present in 70%. The regression model for ΔQLV was significant (p = .05), with both gender (p = .008) and LBBB status (p = .020) significant predictors. The overall regression model for ΔRV-LV was not significant. ΔQLV and ΔRV-LV were significant among LBBB patients. Among non-LBBB, only ΔRV-LV was significant (mean: 7.2 ms, p = .006). ΔRV-LV versus ΔQLV were strongly correlated in LBBB (R2 = .92) but not non-LBBB (R2 = .06). CONCLUSION In LBBB, ΔRV-LV and ΔQLV are closely correlated suggesting that the proximal bipole and thus basal LV pacing sites should be selected when feasible. Greater variation in activation pattern is present in non-LBBB, so pacing sites should be individualized.
Analysis of Collagen I, Iii, and Elastin in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm of the Apoe -/- Mouse

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) occur in up to 10% of the aged populations in industrialized nations. Early intervention in the disease process could have a significant impact on patient survival, but identifying newly forming aneurysms can be difficult. ApoE knockout mice develop AAAs following infusion of angiotensin II by osmotic minipump into the subcutaneous space of mice at doses ranging from 500 to 1000 ng/kg/ min for 7-28 days. These mice are used as models of AAA development. This study tested the hypothesis that near-IR spectrometry and PCR can determine AngII dose and collagen/elastin (C/E) ratio in mouse aortas.
Effects of numbers of wells on optical properties of periodic InGaN graded structure

The optical properties of periodic graded GaN/InGaN are studied. We have designed graded InGaN quantum well (QW) structures with the indium composition increasing then decreasing in a zigzag pattern. Through polarization doping, this naturally creates alternating p-type and n-type regions. Separate structures are designed by varying the number of repeating periods (1 to 3), while maintaining constant overall structure thicknesses. Calculation of the transition probabilities and the electron and hole wave-functions between the conduction band and the valence band reveals a complex energy structure which predicts the photoluminescence peaks for band to band transitions.
Validation of a Novel Parallel-Actuated Shoulder Exoskeleton Robot for the Characterization of Human Shoulder Impedance

This study validates the effectiveness of a recently developed parallel-actuated shoulder exoskeleton robot for the purpose of characterizing the neuromuscular properties of the human shoulder joint. In particular, shoulder mechanical impedance was quantified, which can be represented by a 2nd order system consisting of spring, damper and inertia. The shoulder exoskeleton robot, which utilizes a new type of 4-bar spherical parallel manipulator (4B-SPM), has inherently low inertia and as a result can provide fast perturbations that are often essential for characterizing neuromuscular properties. The robot was first evaluated by using a physical shoulder mockup with adjustable and known spring and mass properties. The results of the mockup test confirmed the reliability of the robot for the characterization of the mockup properties. Stiffness of the tested springs was accurately quantified with an error of less than 1.6 Nm/rad in any of the tested conditions. A pilot study with 5 human subjects further confirmed that the robot could be successfully used to quantify multi-dimensional human shoulder impedance in both pitch and yaw directions with high reliability (R2 > 0.97). The average human shoulder stiffness and damping at around the neutral arm posture under low muscle activation (< 5% maximum voluntary contraction) were 30.9 Nm/rad and 3.0 Nms/rad, respectively.
El mercado emergente de los medios de comunicación móvil: exploración del potencial de las tabletas para el consumo de los contenidos multimedia

In adopting the qualitative research method of semi-structured self-completion diaries, this study explores how young adult consumers utilize tablets to consume media content traditionally available through television, radio, newspaper, and magazine platforms, perceptions of tablets as a media content platform in terms of benefits/needs met, accessibility, compatibility with existing media, usefulness, ease of use, and fun, how a tablet substitutes and/or complements traditional media usage, and the adoption factors that are important for users to adopt the tablet platform for mobile media consumption. The results show all the participants had positive video viewing experiences, supporting the claim that tablets are well designed for the consumption of video entertainment content. From the perspective of music/audio content, the participants seemed to indicate their needs might be better fulfilled by other smaller portable devices. On the other hand, the positive reading experiences described by the participants further expand the substitutive nature of the tablet for text/image content consumption. The findings presented here generally support the notions presented in the TTF framework, as the participants consistently evaluated their satisfaction of the tablet as a media platform dependent on how the device best delivered their media content. DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2014.17.4.10
Oceanic Crust When Earth Was Young

Oceanic crust covers two-thirds of Earth9s rigid outer layer, and this was probably already the case during the Archean (over 2500 million years ago), when heat flow from Earth9s interior was much higher than today. It is believed that oceanic crust generated in the Archean differed from that produced today, but evidence has been hard to come by. In his Perspective, Karson highlights a report by Kusky et al ., who have found the best candidate for Archean oceanic crust to date. This ophiolite complex appears to include a complete section of ancient submarine lavas to upper mantle material. It may allow some of the ideas regarding Archean tectonics and the ancient mid-ocean ridge biosphere to be tested.
The Role of Mobile Devices in Shaping Cellular Market: Comparison Study between US and China

Ever since the Telecommunications Act of 1996, there has been increasing concentration in the US cellular market. Baby bells have merged with one another, until only two dominant cellular carriers, AT&T and Verizon, are left in the market. The other two legacies, Sprint and T-Mobile, have survived AT&T’s monopoly, and provided most cellular services. The market has become an oligopoly. Almost every proposed merger had been approved until recently the merger between AT&T and T-Mobile was rejected by the FCC and DOJ. The primary factor in shaping the market structure is regulation.Researchers have long focused on the role of legislation in shaping the market. This paper xamines the mobile market structure from a different market perspective: mobile devices. Since the oligopoly was formed, the Big 4 have been competing on mobile devices, not on prices, services or networks. Mobile devices have played an essential part in tilting the playing field. They and cellular networks are complementary goods. AT&T improved its runner-up position by signing an exclusive contract with Apple and monopolizing the iPhone market for four years. On April 12, the last of the Big 4, T-Mobile, will offer iPhones and introduce aggressive rate plans in order to break the deadlock. Since they are major factors in structuring the U.S. market, mobile devices cannot be overlooked.In China, the market structure is in some ways similar. There are the Big 3: China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom. However, the situation is totally different. The majority of mobile devices are unlocked, although the Big 3 offer them with contracts as well. The cellular networks are 3G. To make things more complicated, the Chinese government ordered each carrier to apply a different 3G standard. China Mobile has been assigned TDS-CDMA, China Telecom CDMA2000, and China Unicom WCDMA. The three standards are non-compatible, which results in non-compatible devices. This situation requires that the Big 3 compete on prices and network quality more fiercely than the Big 4 in the US.This paper examines the history of market share changes in light of the release of popular mobile devices in both the US and China cellular markets, and compares the influences of the devices on the two markets. Reasons for the similarities and differences are proposed. The CPE market has been left unregulated by the FCC, which can be an important factor in boosting or stifling competition in the cellular market. Recommendations are made to both regulators and researchers that the mobile device market should receive more attention, and in some cases, government involvement may be necessary to assure a level playing field and competition.
Gender Differences in the Assessment, Stability, and Correlates to Bullying Roles in Middle School Children

The current study investigated bullying behaviors in 284 school children in the fourth through seventh grades at the time of the initial assessment. Peer ratings of bullying behavior were obtained at the end of the spring semester of one school year and at the end of the fall semester of the next school year. Importantly, peer ratings were obtained by assessing not only the level at which participants actually bully other students but also whether participants help bullies to hurt the victim (assister), encourage bullies (reinforce), or help the victim of bullying (defender). Our results did not support the utility of differentiating between bullies, assisters, or reinforcers. Specifically, these bullying roles were highly intercorrelated, both concurrently and across school years, and they showed similar correlations with aggression and several characteristics often associated with aggression (i.e., conduct problems, callous-unemotional traits, and positive expectancies about aggression). In contrast, ratings of defending designated a particularly prosocial group of students. Finally, whereas bullying appeared to be very similar in boys and girls, it was somewhat more stable across school years and was related to lower levels of prosocial behavior in boys, both of which could suggest that bullying may be somewhat more related to social group dynamics in girls.
Relaxation Effects Involving Cross Correlation in Biomolecules

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Theory 3 Sensitivity and Resolution Enhancement via Cross-Correlation Effects 4 Measurement of Angles Between Bond Vectors 5 Studies of Molecular Dynamics via Cross-Correlated Relaxation Effects 6 Cross-Correlation Effects in Paramagnetic Systems 7 Characterization of Hydrogen Bond Lengths 8 Relaxation-Induced Violations of Coherence Transfer Selection Rules in Multiple Quantum NMR Spectroscopy 9 Additional Cross-Correlation Effects 10 Elimination of Cross-Correlation Effects 11 Summary 12 Acknowledgements 13 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Efficient implementation of allreduce on bluegene/l collective network

BlueGene/L is currently in the pole position on the Top500 list[4]. In its full configuration the system will leverage 65,536 compute nodes. Application scalability is a crucial issue for a system of such size. On BlueGene/L scalability is made possible through the efficient exploitation of special communication. The BlueGene/L system software provides its own optimized version for collective communication routines in addition to the general purpose MPICH2 implementation. The collective network is a natural platform for reduction operations due to its built-in arithmetic units. Unfortunately ALUs of the collective network can handle only fixed point operands. Therefore efficient exploitation of that network for the purpose of floating point reductions is a challenging task. In this paper we present our experiences with implementing an efficient collective network algorithm for Allreduce sums of floating point numbers.
The GL1 gene and the trichome developmental pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Developmental decisions in organisms as diverse as bacteriophage λ, Saccaromyces cerevisia, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by transcription factors. In multicellular organisms, these transcription factors ultimately control the expression of genes responsible for the differentiation of various cell types. During the course of evolution, a relatively limited group of DNA-binding domains have diversified to take on a wide range of transcriptional regulation functions. One such conserved DNA-binding motif is present in the myb family of transcriptional activators, which has been identified in a wide variety of organisms (reviewed in Loscher and Eisenman 1990; Graf 1992).
Overview of Scheduling and Planning of Batch Process Operations

Scheduling of batch operations is an important area of batch process systems engineering which has been receiving increasing attention in the last decade, especially in its role within computer integrated process operations. In this paper, we review the basic issues which scheduling methodology seeks to address and outline some of the reasons for the growth of interest in this field. The components of the scheduling problem are described and the main threads of the available recent solution methodology are reviewed.
Higher fullerenes in the Allende meteorite

Fullerenes (C60and C70) were discovered during investigations of the mechanism by which carbon molecules form in interstellar and circumstellar shells1. Unlike diamond and graphite, the other pure forms of carbon, fullerenes are extractable in an organic solvent such as toluene, which led to the detection of the higher fullerenes (C100to C250) in carbon-arc-evaporated soot material2. We have applied a similar solvent extraction procedure to an acid residue of the carbonaceous chondrite from the Allende meteorite to search for higher fullerenes. We found C60and C70, as well as a unique distribution of remarkably stable clusters of C100to C400. These large extraterrestrial carbon clusters are either the first indication of higher fullerenes or are an entirely new range of aromatic carbon-rich molecules.
Efficiently discovering critical workflows in scientific explorations

Existing workflow management systems assume that scientists have a well-specified workflow design before the execution. In reality, a lot of scientific discoveries are made as a result of a dynamic process, where scientists keep proposing new hypotheses and verifying them through multiple tries of various experiments before achieving successful experimental results. Consequently, not all the experiments in a workflow execution have necessarily contributed to the final result. In this paper, we investigate the problem of effectively reproducing the results of previous scientific workflow executions by discovering the critical experiments leading to the success and the logical constraints on their execution order. Relational schema and SQL queries have been designed for effectively recording the workflow execution log, efficiently identifying the critical experiments from the log, and recommending experiment reproduction strategies to users. Furthermore, we propose optimization techniques for evaluating such SQL queries according to the unique characteristics of the log data. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the performance speedup of our approach.
Structural analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase functional diversity

Multifunctional proteins provide a new mechanism to expand exponentially cell information and capability beyond that indicated by conventional gene analyses. As such, examination of their structure-function relationships provides a means to define the mechanisms through which cells accomplish critical yet disparate activities required for cell viability and survival. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) may be considered the quintessential multidimensional protein which exhibits a variety of functions unrelated to its classical role in energy production. This review discusses new insights into the structure-function mechanisms through which defined GAPDH amino acid domains are utilized for its diverse activities, the importance of its post-translational modification, and, intriguingly, the logic inherent in the presence or the absence of specific signaling domains.
High-aspect-ratio microstructures fabricated by X-ray lithography of polymethylsilsesquioxane-based spin-on glass thick films

In this paper, a process for 200 μm high-aspect-ratio micro-optical (HARM) structures fabricated by deep X-ray lithography (DXRL) of polymethylislesuioane-based spin-on glass (SOG) thick films is presented. The SOG material used in the whole procedures is polymethylsilsesquioxane (GR650), which is a kind of sol-gel derived material and can be cured at a reasonable low temperature (75 °C). A technique to cast thick GR650 films was established in the overall process. After consolidation, the GR650 thick films were machined to reach 200 μm uniformly. Then, as negative resists, the GR650 thick films were patterned directly by DXRL. X-ray irradiated regions can be selectively retained with high structural resolution by development in an organic solvent, such as methanol. Parameter screening was done to find minimum and maximum doses needed for patterning/cross-linking, to vary development time, and to explore different film thickness. The whole process is a novel of technique to create HARM structures based on SOG materials without using molds. This technique can be extended to considerably larger structural heights. Surface and bulk compositions of the irradiated films were measured by XPS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface quality by roughness testing system (WYKO RST) was investigated to fabricate the microstructure with a high-accuracy surface.
Preovulatory changes in the progesterone level of bovine peripheral blood plasma.

Progesterone was measured in blood plasma samples collected at 6-hr intervals from the onset of estrus until ovulation from 5 Holstein heifers. There was little, if any, preovulatory production of progesterone in these animals. Progesterone concentrations were barely detectable (less than 28 ng/100 ml plasma) during estrus in 3 of 5 heifers, and nondetectable in 2 heifers. Progesterone concentration was] detectable (7 ng/100 ml of plasma) in only 1 of 5 heifers between the beginning of estrus and ovulation. Thus, the cow differs from the guinea pig, rat, rabbit and possibly also from the red kangaroo, in which appreciable amounts of progesterone are secreted during estrus, and particularly after mating, and from the monkey, in which a preovulatory rise in progesterone has been reported. (Endocrinology 86: 1252, 1970)
Complementary co-kriging: spatial prediction using data combined from several environmental monitoring networks

We consider the problem of optimal spatial prediction of an environmental variable using data from more than one sampling network. A model incorporating spatial dependence and measurement errors with network-specific biases and variances serves as the basis for the analysis of the combined data from all networks. We develop the associated optimal prediction methodology, which we call complementary co-kriging because (a) data from each network complements the other, and (b) the solutions to several prediction problems of interest are co-kriging predictors. A hypothetical example illustrates how much better the complementary co-kriging predictor can be, when compared to the ordinary kriging predictors from each network alone and to a ‘naive’ combined predictor. We use the methodology to obtain optimal predictions of wet nitrate concentration data over the eastern U.S. using data combined from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) and the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of TRPMLs in Endolysosomal Trafficking and Function

Members of the Transient Receptor Potential-Mucolipin (TRPML) constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved cation channels that function predominantly in endolysosomal vesicles. Whereas loss-of-function mutations in human TRPML1 were first identified as being causative for the lysosomal storage disease, Mucolipidosis type IV, most mammals also express two other TRPML isoforms called TRPML2 and TRPML3. All three mammalian TRPMLs as well as TRPML related genes in other species including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila exhibit overlapping functional and biophysical properties. The functions of TRPML proteins include roles in vesicular trafficking and biogenesis, maintenance of neuronal development, function, and viability, and regulation of intracellular and organellar ionic homeostasis. Biophysically, TRPML channels are non-selective cation channels exhibiting variable permeability to a host of cations including Na(+), Ca(2+), Fe(2+), and Zn(2+), and are activated by a phosphoinositide species, PI(3,5)P2, that is mostly found in endolysosomal membranes. Here, we review the functional and biophysical properties of these enigmatic cation channels, which represent the most ancient and archetypical TRP channels.
Sonic Boom Modeling of Advanced Supersonic Business Jets in NextGen

*† A Sonic Boom Analysis has been conducted to assess the impact of projected operations by advanced Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJ). The operations were defined using a business case model developed by the Raytheon Team conducting NASA NextGen NRA research. ACES provided the projected 4D trajectories for the vehicle and PCBoom 6 was used to compute single event sonic boom exposure considering terrain effects for each supersonic operation. Vehicle source characteristics modeled are reflective of low-boom optimized vehicles with boom suppression technology. An examination of the effects of terrain on single event loudness is provided. Cumulative boom impact results are also provided for the continental United States.
Immunohistochemical quantification of the synapse-related protein synaptophysin in Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as other dementing disorders are characterized by a continuous loss of neurons in cortical and subcortical areas and probably by an extensive synaptic loss. In order to substantiate and localize the loss of synapses in AD, we quantified by microdensitometry the neuropil immunoreactivity to an antibody that labels the protein synaptophysin (p38), which is localized in the presynaptic terminals. We found in the AD cases an average 50% decrease in the density of the granular neuropil immunoreaction in parietal, temporal and midfrontal cortex. In contrast, Pick disease cases presented close to normal values in parietal cortex, but major losses in temporal and frontal cortex. Our data strongly suggest an important role of synapse loss in dementia.
Filled and unfilled restorative materials to reduce enamel decalcification during fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment.

Introduction: Enamel decalcification is a potential problem that can compromise the esthetic results of orthodontic treatment. Patient compliance with preventive measures is frequently inadequate to resolve this issue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sealing around the bracket periphery in reducing decalcification. Methods: Sixty extracted teeth were collected and randomized to 4 groups: group 1, bonded and then sealed around the bracket with an unfilled sealant material; group 2, bonded and then sealed with a filled, flowable composite material; group 3, bonded and sealed with excess bracket adhesive contoured at bracket periphery; and group 4, conventional treatment with excess bonding material removed and no additional protection at the bracket periphery. Each group was subjected to mechanical, thermal, and decalcification challenges to simulate in-vivo conditions. Results: Groups 1 and 2 had the lowest incidence of decalcification; however, decalcification was not statistically significantly reduced by the use of an additional restorative/bracket adhesive material. An incidental finding was a statistically significant loss of bracket adhesive material beneath the bracket pads of group 4. Conclusions: Prophylactic sealing around the orthodontic bracket pad periphery with an unfilled sealant or a filled flowable composite restorative material did not significantly reduce the incidence of decalcification.
Phenotype versus genotype reporting for DNA polymorphisms

Abstract In the College of American Pathologists' (CAP) 2001 PI-A survey, consensus was not achieved for the child's phenotype at the HUMTH01 locus. Two alleles (6 and 9.3) were reported by 37 laboratories, and only one allele (9.3) by 30 laboratories. Analysis of the results showed that this discrepancy was related to the kits used. This was attributed to a primer binding site mutation. The mother's phenotype was 8,9.3 and the tested man's 9,9.3. Participants who detected the “6” allele in the child reported a PI of 0, while participants who did not detect it reported a median PI of 1.43. Two participants reported the inferred genotype of 9.3,9.3. This is clearly an incorrect response. This case illustrates that for DNA polymorphisms the phenotypes detected may depend on the testing method used. Thus reporting phenotypes only is sound and scientifically accurate.
Metabolic flux analysis in biotechnology processes.

Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) has become a fundamental tool of metabolic engineering to elucidate the metabolic state of the cell and has been applied to various biotechnological processes. In recent years, considerable technical advances have been made. Developments of analytical instruments allow us to determine 13C labeling distribution of intracellular metabolites with high accuracy and sensitivity. Moreover, kinetic information of intracellular label distribution during isotopic instationary enables us to calculate metabolic fluxes with shortened experimental time and decreased amount of labeled substrate. The 13C MFA may be one of the most promising approaches for the target estimation to improve strain performances and production processes.
Testing the TPSS meta-generalized-gradient-approximation exchange-correlation functional in calculations of transition states and reaction barriers

We have studied the performance of local and semilocal exchange-correlation functionals [meta-generalized-gradient-approximation (GGA)-TPSS, GGA–Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), and local density approximation (LDA)] in the calculation of transition states, reaction energies, and barriers for several molecular and one surface reaction, using the plane-wave pseudopotential approach. For molecular reactions, these results have been compared to all-electron Gaussian calculations using the B3LYP hybrid functional, as well as to experiment and high level quantum chemistry calculations, when available. We have found that the transition state structures are accurately identified irrespective of the level of the exchange-correlation functional, with the exception of a qualitatively incorrect LDA prediction for the H-transfer reaction in the hydrogen bonded complex between a water molecule and a OH radical. Both the meta-GGA-TPSS and the GGA-PBE functionals improve significantly the calculated LDA barrier heights. The meta-GGA-TPSS further improves systematically, albeit not always sufficiently, the GGA-PBE barriers. We have also found that, on the Si(001) surface, the meta-GGA-TPSS barriers for hydrogen adsorption agree significantly better than the corresponding GGA-PBE barriers with quantum Monte Carlo cluster results and experimental estimates.
A manganese-dioxide procedure for isolation and concentration of protactinium from irradiated thorium compounds

Abstract Traces of protactinium may be coprecipitated on manganese dioxide with good recovery from solutions 1N to 4N in nitric acid upon precipitating 1·5 g of dioxide per litre by the addition of potassium permanganate to manganous nitrate in excess. Good separation is obtained from macro concentrations of thorium nitrate. In concentrations up to 0·65M the thorium does not interfere with the precipitation, while at twice this concentration definite interference is found owing to the effect on the physical properties of the solution. With the aid of hydroxylamine to redissolve the dioxide, it is possible to concentrate the protactinium with respect to carrier by a factor of 100 per cycle. Hydrogen peroxide, sodium nitrite, and formic acid were less satisfactory reagents. Simultaneous purification from thorium and uranium may be achieved. Thorium is found to carry well in trace concentrations, but the efficiency of this process falls off with increasing thorium concentration.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: the University of Michigan experience.

Objectives/Hypothesis Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is finding increasing acceptance during thyroidectomy. Recently, a laryngeal surface electrode was introduced to enable another form of noninvasive monitoring of the RLN. The present report examines the University of Michigan experience with RLN monitoring using the postcricoid surface electrode. Study Design All patients undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy from January 1999 to July 2001 were considered candidates for the study. Audiologists trained in intraoperative electrophysiological techniques performed all of the monitoring. Methods Data collected on each patient included 1) stimulation threshold for a laryngeal compound muscle action potential on initial RLN identification, 2) stimulation threshold of the laryngeal compound muscle action potential on completion of the procedure, and 3) flexible fiberoptic evaluation of the larynx at the initial postoperative visit and at the 3-month follow-up visit. The average duration of follow-up was 9.8 months with a range of 3 to 60 months Results The average minimum current required for stimulation on first identification of all nerves was 0.57 mA (±0.48 mA). After completion of the procedure a mean threshold level of 0.42 mA (±0.55 mA) was obtained during direct RLN stimulation. Post-dissection stimulation of the RLN on the side of tumor dissection was 0.92 mA (±0.65 mA) compared with a stimulation threshold of 0.76 mA (±0.57 mA) for the nontumor side. Conclusions Electromyographic monitoring of the RLN using a postcricoid surface electrode provides a safe, simple, and effective method for intraoperative monitoring during thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Further, evoked electromyography confirms RLN integrity at the conclusion of surgery.
Quantification of IgG by the ammonium sulfate technique—I. Interference of the primary interaction between 125I Fc and rabbit anti-human Fc

Abstract A sensitive, reproducible method to quantitate human IgG, utilizing 125I Fc, derived from either the papain sensitive (ps) or papain resistance (pr) conformational forms of IgG, as the test antigen in the ammonium sulfate technique is described. Since 125I Fc fragments so obtained are innately soluble in 45 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate, free antigen may be separated from bound antigen-antibody complexes. The test system takes advantage of the capacity of IgG containing materials to block the interaction between human 125I Fc and a standard rabbit anti-human Fc.
Deconvolution of kinetic decays and fitting of multiple exponential decay curves by the linear prediction method

Abstract A method based on linear prediction (LP) theory is employed in analyzing multiple exponential decay signals. A generalized LP method is also proposed to determine true system response in deconvolution problems when the convoluted signals have a decay time comparable to the duration of excitation pulse. These LP methods linearize the least-squares fit and require no prior knowledge of the exact number of the decaying exponents.
Scaling properties of quenched QED.

Critical scaling laws are studied in quenched quantum electrodynamics with induced four-fermion interactions that drive the theory to criticality. The critical exponents are calculated in the quenched, planar model and the physical picture extracted is consistent with recent results from lattice simulations. Near criticality, a composite scalar state plays an essential role in the effective dynamics.
Elicitation of perfect organ of fructification in Sabouraud's form-genus Microsporon (pro parte) by means of symbiosis with B. weidmaniensis Benedek, 1938

The elicitation of perfect organs of fructification in the formgenusMicrosporon (pro parte) by means of an incidentally found bacterial symbiont, theB. weidmaniensisBenedek, 1938 is described.
CT imaging of craniofacial malformations

Because of its superior depiction of bone detail, CT is a useful tool in the characterization of CF deformities and presurgical planning. Modern CT scanners and workstations provide 2D techniques such as multiplanar reformats and 3D techniques, such as MIP and volume renderings, which may be used effectively in the diagnosis and management of patients with CF malformations.
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF BORON SEGREGATION TO LINE AND PLANAR DEFECTS IN Ni3Al

Etude par microscopie ionique a emission de champ-sonde atomique de la distribution de bore dans les alliages Ni-24,25 et 26% at. Al dope avec 0,24 et 0,48% at. B et soumis a differents traitements de recuit et de deformation plastique
The Impact of Social Roles on Stereotypes of Gay Men

Past research demonstrates that heterosexuals perceive gay men to have traditionally feminine characteristics. Guided by Social Role Theory (Eagly, 1987), we predicted that this stereotype would differ depending on a gay man’s specific social role. To test this idea, participants rated five gay targets (father, single man, hairdresser, truck driver, typical gay man) on stereotypically masculine (e.g., ambitious, leader) and feminine (e.g., affectionate, sensitive) personality attributes. Gay men in traditionally masculine roles (truck driver, single man) were rated as less feminine than gay men in traditionally feminine roles (hairdresser, parent). In addition, gay men in feminine roles were perceived as more similar to the typical gay man than were those in masculine roles. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Heteroatom Derivatives of Cyclopentadienylaluminum: X-ray Crystal Structure of (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(2,6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2)Al.

The cyclopentadienylaluminum aryloxide derivatives bis(cyclopentadienyl)(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)aluminum (1) and (η5-cyclopentadienyl)bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)aluminum (2) have been prepared via the alcoholysis of tricyclopentadienylaluminum with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The X-ray crystal structure of 2 was determined. The molecule crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 15.4870(6) A, b = 11.5404(5) A, c = 18.3294(7) A, β = 103.0990(10)°, Z = 4, and V = 3190.7(2) A3 (R[I > 2σ(I)] = 0.0755, Rw = 0.1489). In the solid state, the cyclopentadienyl ring is bound η5 to the aluminum atom. Ab initio calculations on model compounds indicate that the pentahapto geometry of the cyclopentadienyl ring is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the aryloxide ligands which allows greater π-interaction between the aluminum center and the cyclopentadienyl ligand.
A recessive UGA suppressor

Abstract UGA suppressor mutations have been characterized which map between the ser and lys loci in the chromosome of Salmonella typhimurium. All the suppressors mapping here are recessive; i.e. suppressor activity is not present in strains which carry both a suppressor mutation and a wild-type copy of the same gene. Complementation tests indicate that these suppressor mutations all affect a single gene.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mononuclear Inflammatory Cells in Nasal and Sinus Epithelium in Children with Sinusitis

The etiology and pathophysiology of both recurrent acute and chronic sinusitis in children are not well understood. To investigate this problem, the nature and magnitude of the local cellular inflammatory response was evaluated in the sinus mucosa of 34 children (25 with chronic sinusitis and 9 with recurrent acute sinusitis), of which 27 are atopic and 7 are nonatopic. In addition, sinus mucosa from three patients who underwent sinus surgery for noninfectious sinus disease (two with antral choanal polyp and one with facial pain syndrome) was studied for comparison and “controls. “ Immunohistochemical methods were used to identify phenotypically distinct mononuclear cells subpopulations (B cells, T cells, macrophages, and MHC class II antigen presenting cells) in the epithelium, stroma, and periglandular compartments of the uncinate and ethmoid mucosal tissue layers. Eosinophils were assessed in the same sinus mucosal tissue compartments and in nasal secretions. For all patients, most of the inflammatory ...
(+/-)-Nantenine analogs as antagonists at human 5-HT2A receptors: C1 and flexible congeners

C1 and flexible analogs of (±)-nantenine were synthesized and evaluated for antagonist activity at human 5-HT2A receptors in a calcium mobilization assay. This work has resulted in the identification of the most potent 5-HT2A antagonist known based on an aporphine. Our results also suggest that the C1 position may be a key site for increasing 5-HT2A antagonist activity in this compound series. In addition, the structural rigidity of the aporphine core appears to be required for nantenine to function as a 5-HT2A antagonist.
Seasonality of Mating and Ovarian Development Overwintering Cacopsylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae)

Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), overwinters as an adult in reproductive diapause that is initiated and maintained by short photoperiod. In autumn, females have immature ovaries and few are mated. Coincident with warm field temperatures in late winter, their ovaries mature and most of them become mated. The mean number of spermatophores per female varied from 5.3 to 16.5 (range, 0–63) among populations from three orchards sampled in the spring. Newly emerged laboratory-reared winterform (diapause) males have active sperm in the testes and seminal vesicles. In autumn, field-collected winterform males have sperm in the seminal vesicles, but the rate of insemination of females is very low if males are held in the laboratory under a short photoperiod of 10:14 (L:D). The rate of insemination increases greatly after such males are conditioned at a long photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) for about 10 d. As winter progresses, there is a decrease in the duration of the conditioning required to permit mating. The ability of males to mate with females appears to be under control of the diapause syndrome.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CHROMATIN IN THE NUCLEI OF ENDOMETRIUM FROM MONKEYS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

IN A CYTOLOGIC STUDY of human endometrium, three modes of distribution of the granular chromatin in nuclei were described (i), and designated respectively as (a) aggregate, or coarse, (b) diffuse, or fine and (c) intermediate chromatin. The coarse or aggregate type of chromatin appeared in 48 of the 52 specimens in the group of tissues which had been classified by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology as having the characteristics of proliferating endometrium. The diffuse or fine chro matin, the intermediate type of chromatin distribution, as well as the coarse or aggre' gate chromatin, appeared in the nuclei of the 129 tissues recorded by the same department as having the characteristics of secretory or menstrual endometrium.
Contestations Over Law, Power and Representation in Kashmir Valley

This essay traces forms of everyday life, political dissent and identity politics under conditions of intensive militarization and ongoing emergency legislation in Indian-administered Kashmir Valley. Drawing on ethnographic material collected during field research in 2009 and 2010, the essay traces patterns of coercion, containment and contestation in the region, with special attention to how law functions as a site of militarization and control as well as protest, struggle and resistance. In an effort to draw attention to local priorities and interests in the conflict, our textual and visual analyses explore how law is employed in the public arenas of Kashmiri social life, and how differently positioned social actors – including victims’ families, human rights lawyers, civil society activists and youth street protesters – have each sought to appeal to and challenge state authority by asserting normative community authority over space and institutions, often in ways that draw upon alternative understandin...
The method of differential areas for computing crystal symmetry independent density of States Spectra

The differential area method for calculating joint density of states spectra given any electron or phonon dispersion relation is explained. Examples of this procedure are to nearest and next nearest neighbor phonon spectra in the harmonic approximation and to an electron network model of diatomic crystals. The advantages of this technique are that it is completely crystal symmetry independent, does not require any root searching of frequency or energy ranges, and can be utilized irrespective of the nature of the force model employed. Excluding initialization, the computer code in the MATHSY array language available at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is only 15 lines long.
Radiochemical studies of technetium complexes of tetradentate amine-phenols

We have synthesized amine-phenol ligands of the general structure bis-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)X, where X is a hydrocarbon backbone. Radiochemical studies of 99Tc and 99mTc complexes were done at total technetium concentrations of 0.1–100 μM. Complex yields were measured by ascending solvent paper chromatography, TLC, solvent extraction and reversed phase HPLC. Complexes were readily formed and were neutral and lipophilic. Lipophilicity was enhanced by the addition of methyl groups to the carbon backbone. Similar complexes formed from the corresponding Schiff base ligands were less lipophilic and were formed in lower yields.