cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Sexual Debut and Associated Risk Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Youth.

Introduction Early sexual debut, sexual risk taking, substance use, violent victimization, and suicidal behaviors are more prevalent among sexual minority than sexual nonminority youth. Although associations between early sexual debut and these risk behaviors exist, little is known about such associations among sexual minority youth. This study examined these associations among sexual minority U.S. high school students and their sexual nonminority peers. Methods In 2015, the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey included questions assessing sexual orientation for the first time. In 2016, data from this nationally representative sample of 15,624 U.S. high school students were analyzed to determine if associations between early sexual debut and other health risk behaviors varied by sexual orientation, by calculating adjusted (for sex, race/ethnicity, and age) prevalence ratios (APRs). Results Associations between early sexual debut and other health risk behaviors did not vary significantly by sexual orientation. Early sexual debut (first sexual intercourse before age 13 years) was associated with sexual risk taking, substance use, violent victimization, and suicidal thoughts/attempts among students identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) and among students identifying as heterosexual, for example, being currently sexually active (LGB students: APR=1.82, 95% CI=1.35, 2.45; heterosexual students: APR=2.50, 95% CI=2.22, 2.81) and not using a condom at last sexual intercourse (LGB students: APR=1.50, 95% CI=1.18, 1.91; heterosexual students: APR=1.29, 95% CI=1.09, 1.52). Conclusions School-based sexual health programs might appropriately utilize strategies that are inclusive of sexual minority students, encourage delay of sexual intercourse, and coordinate with violence and substance use prevention programs.
Phase mask-based multimodal superresolution microscopy

We demonstrate a multimodal superresolution microscopy technique based on phase masked excitation and spatially filtered detection. We acquire two-photon fluorescent lifetime and second harmonic images of fluorophores mixed with gold particles with 100 nm resolution.
The Effectiveness of Community Health Workers for CVD Prevention in LMIC

Community health workers (CHW) may be effective in tackling the burden of cardiovascular diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This review examines whether CHWs can improve the identification and control of cardiovascular risk factors in LMIC. We searched for studies that used CHW as a basis for cardiovascular risk factor management. Our search yielded 11 articles that targeted cardiovascular risk factor assessment, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, diet and physical activity. There were 4 randomized controlled trials, 3 quasi-experimental studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 1 retrospective analysis. Eight studies reported positive results with CHW being able to effectively screen for cardiovascular risk factors, decrease systolic blood pressure, decrease fasting blood glucose, increase quit rates of smoking, decrease weight, and improve diet and physical activity. Our review demonstrates that CHW may be effective in helping tackle the burden of cardiovascular disease in LMIC.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the IEEE 2007 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference

This special issue of the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits is a selection of papers published in the IEEE 2007 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC). The issue consists of 14 papers that cover a wide range of technical areas, including wireless and RF circuit design, mixed-signal and analog design, digital IC design, integrated power regulation, memory design and biological applications of IC technology. The selected papers demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in power, area, or integration along with innovative circuit implementations and techniques.
The translation of an imagined community in Raja Rao’s Kanthapura:

In Imagined Communities, Benedict Anderson describes how sacred script languages (Arabic, Chinese, Latin) were usurped in political primacy by languages based on the spoken vernacular (French, Engl...
Differential Expression of the Homeobox Gene MIXL1 in Non Hodgkin (NHL) and Hodgkin Lymphomas (HL).

Abstract The gene MIXL1 (Mix1 homeobox-like) encodes a paired class homeobox transcription factor involved in early hematopoietic specification during embryogenesis. Previous studies have shown that MIXL1 gene is expressed in hematopoietic cells during adult life (Guo et al. Blood 100;1;89–96, 2002). Furthermore 5′ MIXL1 sequences are a target of retroviral insertion in murine T-cell lymphoma (http:RTCGD.ncifcrf.gov), suggesting a selection advantage for aberrant expression of this gene. However, the status of MIXL1 expression in human lymphomas has not been examined. Using a highly specific antibody, we assessed for MIXL1 protein expression in 14 lymphoma cell lines (9 B-cell and 5 T-cell) by immunobloting. MIXL1 was detected predominantly in nuclear extracts of lysates of all cell lines tested, although at a variable level. We also assessed for MIXL1 protein expression in 126 B-cell and 21 T-cell NHLs of various types, as well as 14 Hodgkin lymphomas using immunohistochemical methods. The results of the immunohistochemical studies are summarized in table 1. Once again, MIXL1 immunoreactivity was primarily nuclear in the tumor cells. Based on distribution data (histogram), a 50% cutoff was selected for high versus low MIXL1 expression. Among B-cell tumors, high expression levels of MIXL1 protein were more frequently detected in high-grade NHL and HL compared with low/intermediate grade NHL (p Table 1 . HL (n=14) B-NHL (n =126) T-NHL (n =21) N (%) Low/intermediate grade N (%) N (%) Classical HL 12/12(100%) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia /small lymphocytic lymphoma 0/8 (0% T-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma 2/2 (0%) Nodular lymphocyte predominance HL 2/2 (100%) MALT-lymphoma 0/8 (0%) Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome 2/2 (0%) Follicular lymphoma 9/24 (38%) Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 3/3 (100%) Mantle cell lymphoma 5/34 (15%) Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified 6/9 (66% High grade Anaplastic large cell lymphoma 5/5 (100%) B-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma 1/3 (33%) Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia 2/2 (100%) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 30/31 (97%) Plasma cell myeloma/plasmacytoma 0/16 (0%)
Role of 4 f electrons in crystallographic and magnetic complexity

The functionality of many magnetic materials critically depends on first manipulating and then taking advantage of highly nonlinear changes of properties that occur during phase transformations. Unique to lanthanides, property-defining $4f$ electrons are highly localized and, as commonly accepted, play little to no role in chemical bonding. Yet here we demonstrate that the competition between $4f$-electron energy landscapes of Dy $(4{f}^{9})$ and Er $(4{f}^{11})$ is the key element of the puzzle required to explain complex interplay of magnetic and structural features observed in $\mathrm{E}{\mathrm{r}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{y}}_{x}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}_{2}$, and likely many other mixed lanthanide systems. Unlike the parent binaries---$\mathrm{DyC}{\mathrm{o}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{ErC}{\mathrm{o}}_{2}$---$\mathrm{E}{\mathrm{r}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{y}}_{x}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}_{2}$ exhibits two successive magnetostructural transitions: a first order at ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$, followed by a second order in the ferrimagnetically ordered state. Supported by first-principles calculations, our results offer new opportunities for targeted design of magnetic materials with multiple functionalities, and also provide a critical insight into the role of $4f$ electrons in controlling the magnetism and structure of lanthanide intermetallics.
Abstract 92: The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter is Necessary for Metabolic Matching of Contractile Demand During Acute Sympathetic Stress

Contractility is mediated by a variable flux in intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ), which is proposed to be integrated into mitochondria to regulate cardiac energetics. Moreover, m Ca 2+ -overload is known to activate the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and induce cell death. Recent studies have reported that the Mcu gene encodes the channel-forming portion of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and is required for m Ca 2+ uptake. To examine the role of m Ca 2+ in the heart, we generated a conditional, cardiac-specific knockout model and deleted Mcu in adult mice ( Mcu-cKO ). Loss of Mcu protected against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by preventing the activation of the MPTP. In addition while we found no baseline phenotype, Mcu -cKO mice lacked contractile responsiveness to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation as assessed by invasive hemodynamics (Fig 1) and in parallel were unable to activate mitochondrial dehydrogenases and increase cardiac NADH levels. Further experimental analyses in isolated adult cardiomyocytes confirmed a lack of energetic responsiveness to acute sympathetic stress (isoproterenol failure to mediate an increase in NADH, Fig 2), supporting the hypothesis that the physiological function of the MCU in the heart is to modulate Ca 2+ -dependent metabolism during the ‘fight or flight’ response.
Integrated Sachs-Wolfe map reconstruction in the presence of systematic errors

The decay of gravitational potentials in the presence of dark energy leads to an additional, late-time contribution to anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at large angular scales. The imprint of this so-called integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect to the CMB angular power spectrum has been detected and studied in detail, but reconstructing its spatial contributions to the CMB map, which would offer the tantalizing possibility of separating the early- from the late-time contributions to CMB temperature fluctuations, is more challenging. Here, we study the technique for reconstructing the ISW map based on information from galaxy surveys and focus in particular on how its accuracy is impacted by the presence of photometric calibration errors in input galaxy maps, which were previously found to be a dominant contaminant for ISW signal estimation. We find that both including tomographic information from a single survey and using data from multiple, complementary galaxy surveys improve the reconstruction by mitigating the impact of spurious power contributions from calibration errors. A high-fidelity reconstruction further requires one to account for the contribution of calibration errors to the observed galaxy power spectrum in the model used to construct the ISW estimator. We find that if the photometric calibration errors in galaxy surveys can be independently controlled at the level required to obtain unbiased dark energy constraints, then it is possible to reconstruct ISW maps with excellent accuracy using a combination of maps from two galaxy surveys with properties similar to Euclid and SPHEREx.
Stroke Survivor and Family Caregiver Reports of Caregiver Engagement in Stroke Care.

Purpose The aim of the study was to identify areas of caregiver engagement in stroke care as viewed by stroke survivors and family caregivers. Design Interviews with stroke survivor/caregiver dyads (N = 71) from a population-based study of incident stroke. Methods We interviewed stroke survivors and caregivers about caregiver involvement at multiple stages of stroke care. We assessed similarities and differences between stroke survivor and caregiver reports and analyzed responses to open-ended questions. Findings Stroke survivor and caregiver reports of engagement were highly correlated (r = .89), although caregivers reported higher involvement. Open-ended comments suggested that, in about 25% of cases, stroke survivors and caregivers agreed that caregiver engagement led to major improvements in stroke survivor care, most commonly during onset of symptoms. Conclusions Stroke survivors and caregivers report significant and impactful caregiver engagement throughout the course of stroke. Clinical relevance Clinicians may enhance stroke care by recognizing and facilitating caregiver efforts across all phases of stroke care.
Using Plea Procedures to Combat Denial and Minimization

Criminal defendants, who may be ashamed of their acts and feel guilty, are often loath to admit guilt to others or even themselves. Thus, many enter Alford or nolo contendere pleas, which refuse to admit guilt but accept punishment as if guilty. Defense lawyers and many judges and prosecutors like these pleas because they are efficient and avoid the ordeals of trials. This book chapter criticizes Alford and nolo contendere pleas, because their efficiency comes at a steep price. The defendants who most want to use these pleas are in deepest denial, but they are the ones who most need to confront and admit guilt as a first step towards moving past it. The legal system can challenge their denials at trial, or it can allow guilty defendants to persist in it. Guilty defendants who remain in denial resist successful treatment and are much more likely to reoffend. They also deny victims closure, catharsis, and vindication. And they frustrate society's desire for clear, unambiguous resolutions and moral messages. For those defendants who cannot or will not admit guilt, the law should insist on jury trials, to vindicate the innocent and confront the guilty defendants. In short, jury trials are valuable morality plays. Alford and nolo contendere pleas short-circuit this process, exalting efficiency at the expense of key therapeutic and moral goals of the criminal justice system.
Statistically Significant Differences? Students from Developing Areas and the Developing Area of Quantitative Reasoning

Most of the chapters in this volume address the question: What is the appropriate planning education for students from developing areas? In this chapter I turn this question on its head, asking instead: What is the best way to teach the material with which I have been charged and what does the presence of developing areas students in my course teach me about my teaching?
Comparison of Collection Methods for the Measure of Human Meibum and Tear Film-Derived Lipids Using Mass Spectrometry.

ABSTRACTPurpose/aim: To assess the effectiveness of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes in the collection of human tears and meibum.Materials and methods: This was a prospective study that enrolled 10 healthy human subjects. Both the tear film and meibum were sampled using PTFE tubes in the right eye of all subjects. In the left eyes, either 5-µL or 1-µL glass microcapillary tubes were used to collect tears, and 0.5-µL glass microcapillary tubes were used to collect meibum. The lipids from the samples were extracted and analyzed using mass spectrometry (SCIEX TripleTOF 5600, Framingham, MA, USA). The absolute peak intensities of the omega-acyl hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFA), cholesterol esters (CE), and wax esters (WE) obtained for both methods were summed and compared between collection methods.Results: A total of 10 subjects completed the study (five female, mean age: 35.7 ± 7.9 years). Using the mass spectrometer output, the median (first quartile, third quartile) summed intensity units of OAHFA, CE, and...
Exudation of biologically-active metabolites in the sponge Aplysina fistularis

Substances exuded by the intertidal sponge Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1776) from San Diego, California, USA, were collected with open (flowing) and closed seawater systems. The exudates were tested in bioassays for: (1) behavior modifications of invertebrate adults, including a hydroid, an ectoproct, a limpet and a sea star, (2) toxicity to dorid nudibranchs (three species), (3) inhibition of sexual reproduction in a brown alga, and (4) inhibition of settlement and/or metamorphosis of late larvae or juveniles, including an ectoproct, a polychaete and a gastropod. Exudates inhibited metamorphosis of gastropod veliger larvae and caused behavior modifications in all invertebrate adults, but were not toxic to dorid nudibranchs. It is proposed that exudates help protect A. fistularis from surface overgrowth by fouling organisms and from tissue damage by mobile animals.
Magnetite fine particle and nanoparticle environmental contamination from industrial uses of coal.

Abstract Recently it has been shown that there are two types of magnetite particles in the human brain, some, which occur naturally and are jagged in appearance, and others that arise from industrial sources, such as coal fired power plants, and are spherical. In order to confirm the latter, the magnetic component of coal ash is first purified and characterized by XRD, showing that it is magnetite with an average particle size of 211 nm. Studies confirm the coal ash magnetic behavior, and that the magnetite is not bound to the other components of coal ash but exist as an isolatable component. SEM studies confirm that in the process of burning coal at very high temperatures for industrial uses, the magnetite formed is spherically shaped, as recent studies of brain tissues of highly exposed urban residents have found. As such, the use of coal for industrial applications such as coking in the production of steel and in power plants is indicated to be a major source of the spherical magnetic combustion-associated magnetite fine particle and nanoparticle environmental pollution. The capacity of these magnetic particles to penetrate and damage the blood-brain-barrier and the early development of Alzheimer's disease hallmarks in exposed populations calls for detail analysis of magnetic fine and nanoparticle distribution across the world. Summation: Industrial coal usage produces spherical magnetic particles and nanoparticles, identical to those associated with neurological disorders.
QuickTime for Filmmakers

Distribusi tetap menjadi salah satu aspek yang paling sulit dari pembuatan film. QuickTime menyediakan arsitektur yang paling fleksibel dan user-friendly untuk kemasan kreatif, distribusi, dan presentasi. Quicktime untuk pembuat film, ditulis secara khusus untuk film dan konten video produsen, menyediakan teknik-teknik khusus pembuat film harus sepenuhnya memanfaatkan alat standar industri untuk menangani semua jenis media digital. Selain Peredaran, Anda akan belajar fitur canggih lainnya QuickTime, seperti mengedit dan mengkonversi video, menambahkan dan aditing soundtrack dan menggunakan teks dalam film QT, media mengompresi, dan mempersiapkan film untuk http dan RTSP srtreaming, atau kombinasi keduanya. Sebuah bab tentang virtual reality mengeksplorasi fitur unik QuickTime untuk menciptakan panorama 360 derajat, immersive VR kubik. Film objek dan VR adegan. Sebuah pendamping CD-ROM melengkapi informasi dalam buku ini, dan berisi contoh film yang disiapkan untuk pengiriman melalui QuickTime.
Concomitant valve procedures in patients undergoing continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation: A single-center experience.

Abstract Objective Long-term support with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) has improved the outcomes of patients with end-stage heart failure. However, valve disease management in patients who undergo CF-LVAD implantation remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess our single-center experience with patients who underwent a concomitant valve procedure during implantation of a CF-LVAD. Methods From November 2003 through March 2016, 526 patients underwent primary CF-LVAD implantation with a HeartMate II (St Jude Inc, St Paul, Minn; n = 403) or HeartWare (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn; n = 123) device at our center. Of those, 91 underwent a concomitant valve procedure during implantation (CF-LVAD+valve procedure group), whereas 435 did not (CF-LVAD–only group). We compared preoperative characteristics and short-term and mid-term survival rates between these groups. Results The concomitant valve procedures performed included 13 tricuspid valve repairs, 19 aortic valve repairs or replacements, 30 mitral valve repairs or replacements, and 29 double valve repairs or replacements. Survival rates at 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months were 90.3%, 81.4%, 74.9%, and 67.4%, respectively, for the CF-LVAD–only group and 89.0%, 75.8%, 70.3%, and 65.9%, respectively, for the CF-LVAD+valve procedure group (P = .55). The results of Cox regression multivariable modeling showed that performing a concomitant valve procedure was not an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.74; P = .08). Conclusions In our experience, performing a concomitant valve procedure during CF-LVAD implantation was not associated with an increased mortality rate. The decision to perform a concomitant valve procedure should be made primarily on the basis of clinical indications for the procedure.
Steps in developing Watson for Oncology, a decision support system to assist physicians choosing first-line metastatic breast cancer (MBC) therapies: Improved performance with machine learning.

566 Background: IBM Watson for Oncology (WFO), trained by Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK), is a cognitive computing system designed to apply machine learning, informed by MSK expertise, to enhance c...
Quadrangular Love Theory and Scale: Validation and Psychometric Investigation

This article comprehensively reviews the major components and dimensions of love that researchers operationalized in psychometric scales throughout recent decades. The Quadrangular Love Theory (QLT) synthesizes the achievements of psychometrics of love and demonstrates – theoretically and empirically - that they are grouped in four umbrella love dimensions: Compassion and Affection, which characterize the feelings toward a partner, and Closeness and Commitment, which characterize the feelings regarding a relationship. To test this theory, the authors developed the Quadrangular Love Scale (QLS) and explored its construct validity and psychometric properties in two studies utilizing various samples. Study 1 (N = 592) generally supported convergent and discriminant validities and internal reliability of the four dimensions. Study 2 (N = 584) provided additional support to the discriminant validity of QLS in terms of personality traits as predictors of major love feelings and love attitudes as typological differences of experiencing these feelings.
Interfacial engineering of SOT-MRAM to modulate atomic diffusion and enable PMA stability >400 °C

We report our work on the optimization of W/CoFeB/MgO structures to fulfill perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) requirements in the production of SOT-MRAM. By optimizing the natural oxidization process of deposited Mg layer and introducing different dust layers at W/CoFeB and CoFeB/MgO interfaces, PMA of W/CoFeB/MgO structures can be enhanced by about 100%, which is much higher than that in Ta-based structures. The origin of this PMA enhancement was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy investigations. The corresponding SOT switching efficiency and current-induced effective fields were also investigated.
Utilization of the genome aggregation database, in silico tools, and heterologous expression patch-clamp studies to identify and demote previously published type 2 long QT syndrome: Causative variants from pathogenic to likely benign.

Background Loss-of-function variants in the KCNH2-encoded Kv11.1 potassium channel cause long QT syndrome (LQTS) type 2 (LQT2). Presently, hundreds of KCNH2 missense variants (MVs) have been published as "disease-causative." However, an estimated 10% of rare published LQTS MVs may be "false positives." Objective The purpose of this study was to determine which published KCNH2 MVs are likely false positives and warrant demotion to "likely benign" status. Methods A list of 337 LQT2-associated MVs from 6 large compendia was compiled. MV frequency within the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) (n = 141,352 individuals) was assessed, and MVs were analyzed with 8 in silico tools. Variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) >7*10E-6, the calculated maximum credible frequency of LQT2, and predicted "benign" by all tools were demoted to "likely benign." Ultra-rare variants (n = 8) absent in gnomAD but predicted "benign" by all tools were considered as potential false positives and were characterized functionally using whole-cell patch clamp. Results Overall, 14 of 337 published KCNH2 MVs (4%) were observed at MAF >7*10E-6, whereas 252 of 337 (75%) were absent in gnomAD. Among the latter, 8 variants (I96V, G187S, A203T, P241L, H254Q, G314S, P935S, P963T) were predicted benign by 8 tools and lacked characterization. Patch clamp showed no functional perturbation for these 8 MVs. Conclusion This study offers compelling evidence for the demotion of 22 of 337 KCNH2 variants (6.5%) in the literature. Meticulous "pruning" of compendia using exome/genome databases, in silico tools, and in vitro functional studies must be conducted not only for putatively pathogenic LQTS MVs but for the entire field of genetic heart disease.
Iterative optimal control syntheses illustrated on the Brockett integrator

Abstract In this paper, we investigate computational methods for synthesizing optimal control inputs for nonholonomic control systems. We use the Brockett integrator as a benchmark example to illustrate different aspects of the computational trajectory optimization problem. The main result of this paper is the establishment of a rather attractive iterative scheme for practically constructing optimal control inputs. The functionality and efficiency of the proposed iterative scheme are illustrated on different optimal steering problems centered around the Brockett integrator.
Hot or Cool Processing? Adolescent Decision-Making and Delinquency

Adolescence is a vulnerable period of individual development when decision-making is easily compromised, and criminal involvement reaches its peak. We draw on and extend novel decision-making persp...
The Olfactory Cleft Endoscopy Scale: a multi-institutional validation study in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains quite challenging. Instruments to precisely assess olfactory cleft anatomy and their association with olfaction are needed. Methods The olfactory cleft endoscopy scale (OCES) was used to assess the olfactory cleft in healthy control subjects and a cohort of patients with CRS. Psychophysical and psychosocial olfactory function were assessed and correlations with OCES scores were measured. Results Control subjects and subjects with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) were enrol- led. OCES correlated with both psychophysical and psychosocial olfaction, as measured by threshold, discrimination and identi- fication (TDI) scores and Questionnaire on Olfactory Disorders (QOD-NS) scores for all case and control subjects combined. OCES improved in both CRS groups postoperatively with the highest correlation seen in postoperative olfaction in CRSwNP patients. CRS patients who achieve near perfect OCES and sinus endoscopy scores after surgery have olfactory metrics that are indistin- guishable from controls regardless of polyp status. Conclusions The OCES is a valid olfactory-specific measure that demonstrates strong validity and provides complimentary infor- mation to traditional sinus endoscopy to aid in our understanding of OD associated with CRS.
The Importance of Norms and Efficacy in Predicting Undocumented College Students’ Intentions to Talk to an On-Campus Mental Health Professional

Drawing from an extended version of a focus theory of normative conduct, the extended parallel process model, and self-stigma, this study examined factors that predict undocumented college students' (UCS) intentions to talk to an on-campus mental health professional (MHP). Two hundred thirty-seven UCS completed an online survey between January-June, 2019. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the more UCS believed their friends talked to an on-campus MHP (i.e., descriptive norms), the more likely UCS were to believe that talking to an on-campus MHP would help them manage their undocumented-related stress (i.e., response efficacy). In turn, UCS were more likely to report intentions to talk to an on-campus MHP. Furthermore, family injunctive norms were positively associated with self-efficacy and communication efficacy, and in turn, intentions to talk to an on-campus MHP. Unexpectedly, friend injunctive norms were not significantly associated with the three types of efficacy or intentions. Lastly, although family and friend injunctive norms were negatively associated with self-stigma, self-stigma was not significantly associated with intentions to talk to an on-campus MHP. This study's findings emphasize the importance of addressing different types of norms and efficacy when attempting to reduce UCS' under-utilization of on-campus mental health services.
Abstract IA20: Aberrant leukemic developmental hierarchies and MRD-specific targeting informed by single-cell biophysical and molecular profiling

Targeted inhibitors of essential oncogenic kinases induce high rates of clinical response but cure few patients due to the persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD). BCR-ABL mutant leukemias are a classic example of this paradigm where patients usually achieve deep remissions followed by near inevitable relapses. Multiple factors have been shown to influence how an individual patient’s leukemic cells will navigate treatment including differentiation state, mutational background, and communication with the microenvironment. Here, we use BCR-ABL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL ALL) to interrogate cell-autonomous features leading to therapeutic resistance using low-input single-cell assays. Specifically, we use a combination of primary samples and PDX models to dissect aberrant developmental hierarchies and monitor leukemic cell transcriptional and biophysical phenotype at pretreatment, MRD, and relapse. Using machine learning, we relate malignant B cells to normal development, allowing us to define leukemic developmental programs and demonstrate that these have consequences for the time to progression as well as the genetic alterations seen at relapse. Further, we determine that there are unique biophysical features tied to leukemic developmental states and that these integrative properties co-evolve with transcriptional state over the course of treatment. Finally, we demonstrate in PDX studies that it may be possible to intercept relapse by targeting specific features of MRD cells. Together, these data suggest that significant developmental hierarchies exist in ALL, tumor subpopulations can be identified directly within MRD, and their phenotypic and molecular characterization can be exploited to therapeutic effect. Citation Format: Peter S. Winter, Andrew Navia, Haley Strouf, Mahnoor Mirza, Jennyfer Galvez-Reyes, Nolawit Mulugeta, Laura Bilal, Nezha Senhaji, Peter Dennis, Catharine S. Leahy, Kay Shigemori, Foster Powers, Alejandro Gupta, Nicholas Calistri, Alex Van Scoyk, Kristen Jones, Huiyun Liu, Kristen E. Stevenson, Robert Kimmerling, Mark Stevens, David M. Weinstock, Scott R. Manalis, Mark A. Murakami, Alex K. Shalek. Aberrant leukemic developmental hierarchies and MRD-specific targeting informed by single-cell biophysical and molecular profiling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Prediction of COVID-19 Social Distancing Adherence (SoDA) on the United States county-level

Social distancing policies are currently the best method of mitigating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, adherence to these policies vary greatly on a county-by-county level. We used social distancing adherence (SoDA) estimated from mobile phone data and population-based demographics/statistics of 3054 counties in the United States to determine which demographics features correlate to adherence on a countywide level. SoDA scores per day were extracted from mobile phone data and aggregated from March 16, 2020 to April 14, 2020. 45 predictor features were evaluated using univariable regression to determine their level of correlation with SoDA. These 45 features were then used to form a SoDA prediction model. Persons who work from home prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (β = 0.259, p < 0.00001) and owner-occupied housing unit rate (β = −0.322, p < 0.00001) were the most positively correlated and negatively correlated features to SoDA, respectively. Counties with higher per capita income, older persons, and more suburban areas were positively associated with adherence while counties with higher African American population, high obesity rate, earlier first COVID-19 case/death, and more Republican-leaning residents were negatively correlated with adherence. The base model predicted county SoDA with 90.8% accuracy. The model using only COVID-19-related features predicted with 64% accuracy and the model using the top 25 most substantial features predicted with 89% accuracy. Our results indicate that economic features, health features, and a few other features, such as political affiliation, race, and the time since the first case/death, impact SoDA on a countywide level. These features, combined, can predict adherence with a high level of confidence. Our prediction model could be utilized to inform health policy planning and potential interventions in areas with lower adherence.
Predicting Paradise: Modeling future wildfire disasters in the western US

The 2018 Camp fire destroyed the town of Paradise, California and resulted in 82 fatalities, the worst wildfire disaster in the US to date. Future disasters of similar or greater magnitude are inevitable given predicted climate change but remain highly uncertain in terms of location and timing. As with other natural disasters, simulation models are one of the primary tools to map risk and design prevention strategies. However, risk assessments have focused on estimation of mean values rather than predicting extreme events that are increasingly becoming a reality in many parts of the globe. Using the western US as a study area, we synthesized newer wildfire simulation and building location data (54 million fires, 25 million building locations) and compared the outputs to several sources of observed exposure data. The simulations used synchronized weather among spatial simulation subunits, thereby providing estimates of extreme fire seasons, fire events within them, and exceedance probabilities at multiple scales. We found that annual area burned was accurately replicated by simulations but building exposure was substantially overestimated, although the relatively small historical sample size might have influenced the comparison. We identified extreme fire seasons in the simulation record (10,000 fire years) that exceeded historical fire seasons by 278% in terms of area burned, and 1255% in terms of buildings exposed, under contemporary climate. Simulated building exposure peaked in specific regions along gradients of building density and burnable fuels. The study is the first to explore large scale extreme wildfire exposure in terms of both annual variability and magnitude, providing a broad foundation of methods to advance wildfire disaster prediction.
Expandable versus Static Cages in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background Expandable cages for interbody fusion allow for in situ expansion optimizing fit while mitigating endplate damage. Studies comparing outcomes after using expandable or static cages have been conflicting. Methods This was a meta-analysis A systematic search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines identifying studies reporting outcomes among patients who underwent minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-LIF). Results Fourteen articles with 1129 patients met inclusion criteria. Compared with MIS-LIFs performed with static cages, those with expandable cages had a significantly lower incidence of graft subsidence (expandable: incidence 0.03, I2 22.50%; static: incidence 0.27, I2 51.03%, P interaction Conclusions Expandable interbody cages in MIS-LIF were associated with a decrease in subsidence rate, operative time and greater in increase in disc height.
Fibrous hamartoma of the thigh in a neonate

Abstract Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare, benign lesion characterized as a tumor of myofibroblastic origin that has characteristic features of triphasic histology. FHI was first described in 1956 by Reye and formally named by Enzinger in 1965 [ [1] , [2] ]. The lesion is defined as a hamartoma due to the histologic presentation of disorganized mesenchymal, fibrous, and adipose tissue with absence of mitotic figures; this combination of derived tissue without evidence of anaplasia is diagnostic for FHI. These lesions typically arise as a single, solitary mass, are most commonly located on the extremities, trunk, sacrum, or scrotum and are typically 0.5 to 9.0 centimeters in size [ [3] , [4] ]. Only roughly 200 cases have been reported in the literature [ 3 ]. The majority of cases occur in young children; 91% of cases arise within the first year of life [ 4 ]. Males are more often affected in a ratio of 2.4:1 [ 4 ]. Roughly 20% of cases have been documented as congenital (3). Treatment is surgical excision, which is often curative; local recurrence is rare and incidence decreased by obtaining negative margins (8). We present a case of congenital FHI identified at birth.
Possible New Open Orbits in the Fermi Surface of Zinc

A great deal of attention has been given recently to the galvanomagnetic properties of the hexagonal metals magnesium1 and zinc,2–4 particularly concerning the phenomena associated with magnetic breakdown. In line with a continuing investigation of the effect of pressure on Fermi surface topologies,5,6 we have collected very careful magnetoresistance data on zinc at zero pressure.
Non-Traditional Preservice Teachers and Their Mathematics Efficacy Beliefs

In Florida, recent legislative changes have granted community colleges the ability to offer baccalaureate degrees in education, frequently to non-traditional students. Based on information obtained from the literature covering preservice teachers' math knowledge, teachers' efficacy beliefs about math, and high-stakes mathematics testing, a study examined a population of preservice teachers in a new Florida teacher preparation program. The research investigated relationships surrounding non-traditional preservice teachers' characteristics such as: ages, high-stakes math failures, lower division mathematics history, and math methods course performance, in relation to their efficacy beliefs about mathematics. Results revealed that preservice teachers' ages, lower division mathematics history, and math methods course performance, did have a significant relationship with their math efficacy beliefs, as measured by the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI); the variable of high-stakes math failures did not. Additionally, a multiple regression model including the aforementioned variables did predict preservice teachers' MTEBI scores, but did not generalize to the greater population. The findings from this study can assist new teacher preparation programs in isolating variables that identify preservice teachers who are at risk for poor mathematical attitudes; can posit avenues for fostering positive math beliefs in preservice teachers; and can recommend further research in this area.
Hydroclimate Extremes in Africa: Variability, Observations and Modeled Projections

Studies of climate change from both natural science and social science disciplines are increasingly turning their focus to the issue of extreme events. Extreme heat waves, storms, droughts, and coastal inundations pose a disproportionate risk to human life, livelihood, and capital across the world. In the Global South, including Africa, much of the adverse impacts come from hydroclimate extremes as people with limited means are often highly vulnerable to climate shocks. The focus of this review paper will be on hydroclimate extremes in Africa. This paper will consider observations and modeling studies of heat extremes, drought, and flooding from heavy rainfall, along with observations and modeling studies of extreme streamflow events in major rivers and extremes of lake level. This being said, observations of trends in extreme events need to be situated in a context of understanding regional hydroclimate variability. There is tremendous diversity and variability in the hydroclimate of Africa and many extreme events, especially of precipitation and streamflow are associated with patterns of natural variability on a range of time scales.
The high morbidity of blunt cerebrovascular injury in an unscreened population: more evidence of the need for mandatory screening protocols

BACKGROUND: Blunt cerebrovascular injuries are rare injuries causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The appropriate screening methods and treatment options for these injuries are controversial. We examined our experience with these injuries at a community Level I Trauma center over a 51 month period. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review and analysis was done of all patients with the diagnosis of a blunt cerebrovascular injury during this period. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had blunt carotid injury (0.40%) and three had blunt vertebral injury (0.09%) out of 3,480 total blunt admissions. The overall incidence of blunt cerebrovascular injury was 0.49%. The most common associated injuries were to the head (59%) and chest (47%) regions. The overall mortality rate was 59% (10 of 17), with death occurring in 8 of 14 (57%) blunt carotid injury patients and 2 of 3 (67%) blunt vertebral injury patients. Eight of ten (80%) deaths were directly attributable to the blunt cerebrovascular injury. Median time until diagnosis was 12.5 h (range 1-336 h) for the entire group and 19.5 h for nonsurvivors. Diagnosis was delayed > 24h in 7 patients and > 48h in 5 patients. All five patients whose diagnoses were delayed > 48 h developed complications, and four (80%) of these patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Blunt cerebrovascular injury is uncommon, but lethal; particularly when the diagnosis is delayed. Aggressive screening protocols based on mechanism of injury, associated injuries, and physical findings are justified to minimize morbidity and mortality. Head and chest injuries may serve as markers for blunt cerebrovascular injury. Most deaths are directly attributable to the blunt cerebrovascular injury and not to associated injuries.
Network Models in the Organization of Personality

The network perspective illustrates an important cautionary point concerning the interpretation of inter–item relationships. However, its complexity comes at a price, including a possible lack of r...
Element 1360 and RNAi Components Contribute to HP1-Dependent Silencing of a Pericentric Reporter

Summary In eukaryotes, distinct regions of the genome are packaged as euchromatin (less condensed, more active) or heterochromatin (condensed, silenced). Studies in yeast, plants, and flies suggest that RNA interference (RNAi) is linked to heterochromatin formation and transcriptional silencing of transposable element (TE) sequences [1, 2]. We previously reported that insertion of a mobile hsp70-white reporter within 10 kb of a 1360 element on chromosome four of Drosophila melanogaster correlates with variegation (silencing) [3]. Here, we report small RNAs (∼23 nt) corresponding to 1360 , indicating processing by the RNAi machinery. To directly test the ability of 1360 to silence a nearby gene in vivo, we introduced a P element construct carrying a single copy of 1360 upstream of the hsp70-white reporter into flies. This 1360 element contributes to HP1-dependent variegation at a pericentric insertion site, as demonstrated by a decrease in silencing after FLP-mediated removal of 1360 . In euchromatin, 1360 is not sufficient to induce silencing, suggesting that proximity to pericentric heterochromatin and/or a high local TE density contributes to heterochromatin formation. Silencing of the 1360, hsp70-white reporter is sensitive to mutations in RNAi components. Our results implicate 1360 as a target for sequence-specific heterochromatic silencing through an RNAi-dependent mechanism.
Reconstruction of the Fires and Thermal Environment in World Trade Center Buildings 1, 2, and 7

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted an extensive investigation of the collapse of the three tall World Trade Center (WTC) buildings. A central part of this investigation was the reconstruction and understanding of the initiation and spread of the fires. This paper describes the reconstruction of the fires, the thermal environment they created within the buildings, and the raising of the temperatures of the structural components. NIST analyzed thousands of documents, interviews, photographs, and videos to obtain information on the layout of the floors and the progress of the fires. Experiments provided information on the factors likely to have determined the fire growth. Simulations using the Fire Dynamics Simulator gave good agreement with the fire spread as observed at the windows. Imposition of the probable thermal environment on the structural steel produced maps of the probable temperature profile of the steel as the fires progressed. For WTC 1 and WTC 2, even in the vicinity of the fires, it was unlikely that the columns and floor trusses with intact insulation heated to temperatures where significant loss of strength occurred. This was in part due to the short time between aircraft impact and building collapse. There were regions of the towers in which the loss of structural strength of floors and columns, whose insulation had been damaged by aircraft impact, was likely. For WTC 7, even though the insulation was intact, the long periods of heating resulted in floor components whose temperatures exceeded 600°C, but columns did not exceed 300°C.
Virus inhibition by some amino acid analogs.

Abstract Several α-amino acid analogs were tested as inhibitors of the propagation of a number of viruses in the chick embryo. Glycyl-6-methyl- dl -tryptophan did not inhibit the growth of any of the viruses tested, α-Aminoisobutanesulfonic acid was found to be effective against two strains of infections, bronchitis virus as well as influenza A virus, no activity being demonstrated against Newcastle disease or vaccinia viruses. A comparative study of the inhibition of influenza A virus by α-amino-β-phenylethanesulfonic acid and two of its derivatives revealed that the formation of the glycine peptide derivative resulted in markedly decreased virus inhibitory activity, while a urea derivative was equally effective as a virus inhibitor.
Ejection of sodium from sodium sulfide by the sputtering of the surface of Io

The mechanism by which Na is removed from the surface of Io prior to its injection into the plasma torus is investigated experimentally. Na2S films of thickness 3-8 microns were produced by spray coating an Ni substrate in a dry N2 atmosphere and subjected to sputtering by 34-keV Ar(+), Ne(+), Kr(+), or Xe(+) ions up to total doses of about 5 x 10 to the 18th ions/sq cm. The sputtering yields and mass spectra are found to be consistent with ejection of only small amounts of atomic Na and somewhat larger amounts of Na-containing molecules. It is concluded that the amount of Na ejected by magnetospheric-ion sputtering of Na2S would be insufficient to account for the amounts observed in the Io neutral cloud. A scenario involving sputtering of larger polysulfide molecules is considered.
On dominance relations and the structure of animal societies: II. Some effects of possible social factors

In a previous paper (Landau, 1951) it was shown that a society with a dominance relation would rarely tend to be close to the hierarchy in structure if dominance is determined solely by the inherent characteristics of the members. Here we consider the effects of other factors, due to social rank or to the outcome of previous encounters which affected dominance.