cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple pathways to whiteness: white teachers’ unsteady racial identities

AbstractTeacher education programs in the US, recognizing the mismatch that exists in preschool provision between mostly white teachers and a very diverse intake of young children, have begun to explore ways of raising racial awareness among pre-service teachers, with the aim of improving non-white children’s classroom experiences and outcomes. This paper analyzes 60 critical memoirs written by students about their own awareness of their identity to demonstrate the intersectionality of teacher identity, and in particular the impact of social class, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and religion on the processes whereby white students acquire a successful white teacher identity. In doing so, it highlights the ways white pre-service teachers who hope to work with young children imagine or realize their whiteness as it intersects with other aspects of their identities.
Performance Engineering Education: A Viewpoint

The successful development and marketing of commercial computer/communication systems requires the ability to quantify their performance and related metrics. Specifically, one should be able to demonstrate that projected customer requirements (QoS, QoE) are met, be able to identify bottlenecks, be able to evaluate and compare different configurations, and be able to evaluate and compare different designs. Performance engineering education should then train students to be able to carry out the above tasks. Exposure to three broad categories of approaches is necessary: Measurements aided by statistical techniques, analytic modeling and simulation. Both, the theory underlying these approaches and software packages that aid such analyses should be exposed. Besides failure-free performance, attention should also be devoted to reliability, availability, performability and survivability. In the current context, power consumption and security have gained importance as well. In this talk, we will take a journey through these issues.
Genderplay and Queer Mapping

Many will likely look back at June 2015 as a pivotal month for queer and trans activists. In June, Caitlyn Jenner debuted on the cover of Vanity Fair. This media-supported public coming out transition of the Olympic athlete and reality television star brought widespread attention to transgender issues, politics, and identities. Just weeks later, the Supreme Court overturned the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).
Language and masculinity: the role of Osaka dialect in contemporary ideals of fatherhood

The unexpected use of Osaka dialect in the 2013 film Like Father, Like Son directed by Hirokazu Kore’eda, presents an opportunity to scrutinise its role in indexing masculinity, class and fatherhood. The film depicts two styles of fatherhood: one, a cool and disconnected father representing the archetypal upper-middle class but absent salaryman patriarch; the other, a warm and emotionally connected father representing a new kind of patriarch who is engaged in child rearing. These contrasting styles are indexed linguistically through standard Japanese and Osaka dialect respectively. Extending the framework of a sociolinguistics of the periphery to a case of internal language variation, the mobility of Osaka dialect is highlighted. Specifically, through the process of translocalisation, the enregistered indices of Osaka dialect mediate the creation of a new social type: the caring and connected father.
A multi-scale homogenization model for fine-grained porous viscoplastic polycrystals: II – Applications to FCC and HCP materials

Abstract In Part I of this work (Song and Ponte Castaneda, 2018a), a new homogenization model was developed for the macroscopic behavior of three-scale porous polycrystals consisting of random distributions of large pores in a fine-grained polycrystalline matrix. In this second part, the model is used to investigate both the instantaneous effective behavior and the finite-strain macroscopic response of porous FCC and HCP polycrystals for axisymmetric loading conditions. The stress triaxiality and Lode parameter are found to have significant effects on the evolution of the substructure, which in turn have important implications for the overall hardening/softening behavior of the porous polycrystal. The intrinsic effect of the texture evolution of the polycrystalline matrix is inferred by appropriate comparisons with corresponding results for porous isotropic materials, and found to be significant, especially at low triaxialities. In particular, the predictions of the model identify, for the first time, two disparate regimes for the macroscopic response of porous polycrystals: a porosity-controlled regime at high triaxialities, and a texture-controlled regime at low triaxialities. The transition between these two regimes is found to be quite sharp, taking place between triaxialities of 1 and 2.
Hexahydrated Mg2+ Binding and Outer-Shell Dehydration on RNA Surface.

Abstract The interaction between metal ions, especially Mg 2+ ions, and RNA plays a critical role in RNA folding. Upon binding to RNA, a metal ion that is fully hydrated in bulk solvent can become dehydrated. Here we use molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the dehydration of bound hexahydrated Mg 2+ ions. We find that a hydrated Mg 2+ ion in the RNA groove region can involve significant dehydration in the outer hydration shell. The first or innermost hydration shell of the Mg 2+ ion, however, is retained during the simulation because of the strong ion-water electrostatic attraction. As a result, water-mediated hydrogen bonding remains an important form for Mg 2+ -RNA interaction. Analysis for ions at different binding sites shows that the most pronounced water deficiency relative to the fully hydrated state occurs at a radial distance of around 11 A from the center of the ion. Based on the independent 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations for three different RNA structures (Protein Data Bank: 1TRA, 2TPK, and 437D), we find that Mg 2+ ions overwhelmingly dominate over monovalent ions such as Na + and K + in ion-RNA binding. Furthermore, application of the free energy perturbation method leads to a quantitative relationship between the Mg 2+ dehydration free energy and the local structural environment. We find that ΔΔ G hyd , the change of the Mg 2+ hydration free energy upon binding to RNA, varies linearly with the inverse distance between the Mg 2+ ion and the nearby nonbridging oxygen atoms of the phosphate groups, and ΔΔ G hyd can reach −2.0 kcal/mol and −3.0 kcal/mol for an Mg 2+ ion bound to the surface and to the groove interior, respectively. In addition, the computation results in an analytical formula for the hydration ratio as a function of the average inverse Mg 2+ -O distance. The results here might be useful for further quantitative investigations of ion-RNA interactions in RNA folding.
Some Monotonicity Results for Stochastic Kriging Metamodels in Sequential Settings

Stochastic kriging (SK) and stochastic kriging with gradient estimators (SKG) are useful methods for effectively approximating the response surface of a simulation model. In this paper, we show that in a fully sequential setting when all model parameters are known, the mean squared errors of the optimal SK and SKG predictors are monotonically decreasing as the number of design points increases. In addition, we prove, under appropriate conditions, that the use of gradient information in the SKG framework generally improves the prediction performance of SK. Motivated by these findings, we propose a sequential procedure for adaptively choosing design points and simulation replications in obtaining SK (SKG) predictors with desired levels of fidelity. We justify the validity of the procedure and carry out numerical experiments to illustrate its performance. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0779.
Executive coaching and rebt: Some comments from the field

Executive Coaching comprises personal counseling, business advice, and advice about managing for people who are in executive management. This involves a one-to-one helping relationship between coach and client. In each case for which executive coaching is sought, there are problems the client has encountered which requires changes in client behavior. REBT, with its blend of easy understandability and direct applicability to client problems, is an ideal tool for use in executive coaching. Clients readily understand the A-B-C-D connections and are able to effect changes in behavior. The article includes case examples.
Substitutions of a buried glutamate residue hinder the conformational change in horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and yield a surprising complex with endogenous 3′-Dephosphocoenzyme A

Abstract Glu-267 is highly conserved in alcohol dehydrogenases and buried as a negatively-charged residue in a loop of the NAD coenzyme binding domain. Glu-267 might have a structural role and contribute to a rate-promoting vibration that facilitates catalysis. Substitutions of Glu-267 with histidine or asparagine residues increase the dissociation constants for the coenzymes (NAD+ by ∼40-fold, NADH by ∼200-fold) and significantly decrease catalytic efficiencies by 16–1200-fold various substrates and substituted enzymes. The turnover numbers modestly change with the substitutions, but hydride transfer is at least partially rate-limiting for turnover for alcohol oxidation. X-ray structures of the E267H and E267 N enzymes are similar to the apoenzyme (open) conformation of the wild-type enzyme, and the substitutions are accommodated by local changes in the structure. Surprisingly, the E267H and E267 N enzymes have endogenous (from the expression in E. coli) 3′-dephosphocoenzyme A bound in the active site with the ADP moiety in the NAD binding site and the pantethiene sulfhydryl bound to the catalytic zinc. The kinetics and crystallography show that the substitutions of Glu-267 hinder the conformational change, which occurs when wild-type enzyme binds coenzymes, and affect productive binding of substrates.
Health care clinics in Cambodia.

PIP: Under the Pol Pot Khmer Rouge regime, most physicians with clinical experience were either killed or fled the country. The few practitioners who managed to survive were forced to hide their knowledge; much of that knowledge and experience is now lost. As part of a general process of national rehabilitation, Cambodia has trained since the 1980s hundreds of physicians and physician assistants. There were 700 physicians, 1300 physician assistants, and 4000 nurses in the country by 1992. Problems do, however, remain with medical education in Cambodia. In particular, the medical texts and lectures are in French, a language which very few of the younger generation speak; instructional texts are designed to meet the needs of developing nations, not a rehabilitating one like Cambodia; emphasis is upon curative health care, hospitals, and vertical programs instead of primary and preventive health care; Cambodian physicians are used to a system based upon the division of patients by ability to pay instead of by age, disease, or need; corruption has grown as the cost of living has outstripped the level of official salaries; and there is neither professional contact, feedback, nor program evaluation within health care programs. The authors is a resident in obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Chicago who worked at two clinics during a stay in Phnom Penh. She recommends that instead of simply training more doctors, these training-related problems should be addressed, including a revision of the curriculum to include both primary health care medicine and psychiatry. Moreover, people in Cambodia need to be taught the importance of preventive health care, which should then reduce the number of visits to physicians. This process will be accomplished more effectively with the cooperation of physicians, the government, nongovernmental organizations, and international organizations associated with health care.
Neither total muscle activation nor co-activation explains the youthful walking economy of older runners.

Abstract Background Older adults (≥65 years) exhibit greater metabolic rates during walking (worse walking economy) compared to young adults. Yet, previous research suggests that habitual running, but not habitual walking, exercise mitigates the age-related deterioration of walking economy. Research question Does total leg muscle activation and/or agonist-antagonist co-activation explain the superior walking economy of older runners versus older walkers? Methods We quantified metabolic power, leg muscle activation, and co-activation in older walkers and older runners during walking at 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75 m/s. Results While accounting for multiple comparisons, neither total stride (each speed p ≥ 0.024), stance- (each speed p ≥ 0.217), nor swing- (each speed p ≥ 0.170) phase EMG amplitude differed between older walkers and older runners at 0.75, 1.25, or 1.75 m/s. Stride averaged medial gastrocnemius and biceps femoris activation was lower in older runners than older walkers at 1.25 and 1.75 m/s (all p ≤ 0.025). We also calculated shank, thigh, and overall (shank and thigh) agonist-antagonist leg muscle co-activation over each stride, and the only difference between groups was a greater shank co-activation in older runners at 0.75 m/s (p = 0.024). Across groups, stride, stance-, and swing-phase total muscle activation positively correlated with gross metabolic power (R2 = 0.58–0.66; all p Significance Neither total leg muscle activation nor co-activation explains the superior walking economy of older runners versus older walkers.
A Renyi Entropy Power Inequality for Log-Concave Vectors and Parameters in [0, 1]

Using a sharp version of the reverse Young inequality, and a Renyi entropy comparison result due to Fradelizi, Madiman, and Wang, the authors derive a Renyi entropy power inequality for log-concave random vectors when Renyi parameters belong to [0, 1]. A discussion of symmetric decreasing rearrangements of random variables strengthens the inequality and guides the exploration as to its sharpness.
A solvent free method to characterize the effect of recycled asphalt shingles on virgin asphalt binder

Abstract: The current design guideline of asphalt mixtures containing recycled asphalt shingles requires accurate characterization of shingle binder and its effect on virgin binder. This characterization employs hazardous solvents to extract and recover the shingle binder prior to testing. The objective of this study was to determine whether an enhanced mortar characterization method, which eliminates the need for chemical solvents by testing mortars composed of virgin binder and fine shingle fraction, can be used to predict the rheological properties of shingle binder blends with virgin binder. Superpave binder tests (dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer) were performed on six mortars combinations of two shingle sources and three virgin binders. The change in true grade of virgin binders caused by shingle binder was quantified by using a parameter named grade change rate (°C/%shingle binder). True grades of shingle binder blends predicted by grade change rate were compared to values measured on manually-prepared binder blends at multiple binder replacement rates of 15%, 30% and 100%. High and low temperature grades measured on blended binders were successfully predicted by the enhanced mortar approach. Moreover, the critical low-temperature parameter (delta Tc), which has been used to describe the embrittlement introduced by shingle binder, was also accurately predicted by using the stiffness-based and relaxation-based grade change rate. In conclusion, the enhanced mortar approach not only provides accurate estimates of the rheological properties of binder blends, but also eliminates the exposure to hazardous solvents currently employed during the extraction and recovery of the recycled binder.
A retrospective comparison of sac and lobe morphology between ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Abstract There are few reliable morphologic indices to aid in the determination of an intracranial aneurysm’s rupture risk. We sought to characterize morphological characteristics of aneurysm sacs and their lobes that are associated with ruptured status at time of initial evaluation with diagnostic angiography. These factors could be associated with an aneurysm’s risk of rupturing. We retrospectively reviewed all aneurysms imaged with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at a single institution over five years. Patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) were assigned to the ruptured group, and those presenting without aSAH were assigned to the unruptured group. Angiograms were evaluated for the presence of various morphological parameters. Binary logistic regression was used to assess their associations between groups. A total of 331 aneurysms among 241 patients were included in the analysis. Posterior circulation, larger size ratio, and the presence of two or more lobes were associated with aneurysm rupture (p
Connecting Past to Future Needs: Nursing Faculty and Librarian Collaboration to Support Students’ Academic Success

The article illustrates the evolution of a research assignment in an undergraduate nursing course and the development of the information literacy session. The authors show how, through a variety of...
What Has Happened to the Common Law? - Recent American Codifications, and Their Impact on Judicial Practice and the Law's Subsequent Growth

The Article documents that the general failure of the nineteenth century movement to codify American common law has given way to a quiet piecemeal codification over the past seventy five years. The Article assesses the consequences of this large-scale shift from common law to code. While the jurisprudential concerns voiced by opponents of codification in the nineteenth century (that codification would strip judges of necessary discretion and freeze growth of the law) have not materialized, the recent American codes have shaped the law's subsequent evolution in several critical respects. For one, the Article shows that unarticulated, non-axiomatic views of human nature and the role of the state lurking behind three recent codes have profoundly influenced the course of post-code legal growth. The Article also explores ways that codes have ossified the law at a larger structural level by fixing peoples' conceptions of the relationship between various doctrinal fields. For example, the Article notes that by creating discrete doctrinal fields, codes encourage the bureaucratization of the law, where hyper-specialists fail to examine other aspects of the law that are largely determinative of their hyper-specialties, masking possibilities for reform of fundamental components of the legal system.
Racial Disparities in Patients Bridged to Heart Transplantation With Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

Background Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are an effective therapy in bridging patients with end-stage heart failure to heart transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify the role of race in survival of patients bridged to heart transplantation with a LVAD. Methods The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for all adult heart transplant recipients (age 18 years or older) who were bridged to transplantation with a LVAD from 2005 to 2018. Patients were stratified based on their race, with whites as the reference group. Demographic characteristics, 5-year survival, and graft failure after transplantation were assessed with χ2 test, analysis of variance, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards modeling or logistic regression modeling as appropriate. Results Patients (N = 6476) successfully bridged with a LVAD to heart transplantation were identified. There were 4263 whites, 1536 African Americans, 508 Hispanics, and 169 Asians. Compared with whites, African Americans had higher body mass indexes, were more likely to be women, pay with private insurance, and be working for income at the time of transplantation. African Americans were found to have increased odds of graft failure (odds ratio 1.27, P = .048) compared with whites. In addition, African Americans were found to have increased risk of mortality at 5 years (hazard ratio 1.26, P = .003). Conclusions The African American race is associated with increased rates of graft failure after transplantation and decreased 5-year survival compared with the white race. Given these findings, directed clinical attention may be warranted in African American patients bridged to heart transplantation with a LVAD.
What is the bar? Differentiating good from great communication scholarship

Every new beginning comes from some other beginning’s end … Closing Time by SemisonicIt is a tremendous honor and privilege to serve as Editor of Communication Monographs – a premier journal in th...
The Bilobe Flap for Nasal Reconstruction.

Repair of nasal defects is technically challenging due to inelastic nasal skin and unforgiving nasal geometry. The bilobe flap is a double transposition flap that can transpose skin from cephalad to caudad to repair defects of the lower third of the nose. However, pincushioning may complicate this flap, yielding untoward aesthetic outcomes. We review our single surgeon series of patients who underwent bilobe flap reconstruction of nasal defects, and describe our surgical technique to minimize pincushioning and poor aesthetic outcomes. This was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent bilobe flap reconstruction of nasal defects at a tertiary referral facial plastic and reconstructive surgery clinic between January 1, 2010 and February 12, 2019. All postoperative clinic notes were analyzed for complications, reports of unfavorable cosmetic outcome, and rates of revision procedures. Surgical technique is described. In the analysis, 125 patients were included, of whom 84 (67%) patients were women, and the mean (standard deviation) age was 60.7 (12.5) years. Complications were reported in 20 (16%) patients, including scars, pincushioning, and nasal obstruction. Five patients underwent revision surgery (4%), including scar revision and z-plasty. Pincushioning was reported in four patients (3.2%), of whom three underwent scar revision procedures. One patient had alar notching requiring correction. There was no statistically significant association between ear cartilage graft and complications (p = 0.84) or requirement of intervention (p = 1.0). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression did not show statistically significant association between size of the defect and the presence of complications (p > 0.05). The bilobe flap is an excellent transposition flap for the repair of small nasal tip defects. By adequately thinning the transposition flap of excess subcutaneous tissue prior to inset, rates of poor aesthetic outcomes, revision procedures, and pincushioning are minimized.
Abstract 4455: Combination of bempegaldesleukin and anti-CTLA-4 prevents metastatic dissemination after primary surgery or radiation therapy in a preclinical model of non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose: Surgical resection or stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SBRT) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have local control rates of 90% or higher. Current treatment paradigms effectively control primary tumor sites, but distant relapse remains a challenge with metastatic failure in more than 30% of patients with primary tumors larger than 5 cm. We hypothesized that adjuvant immune checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA4 (C4) and /or bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214), a CD122-preferential pegylated-interleukin-2 (IL2) pathway agonist,in combination with primary tumor ablative radiation or surgical resection would reduce metastases in a spontaneously metastatic syngeneic Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) model. Methods: LLC flank tumors were established in C57BL/6 mice (n=6 per replicate, 12 total). When tumors were ~100 mm3 they were randomized to receive: vehicle only (VO); NKTR-214 (16 μg on Days 6, 15, 24) + C4 (200 μg IP on Days 4, 7, 10); RT (8Gy x 3 on Days 1, 2, 3); RT + C4, RT + NKTR-214; RT + C4 + NKTR-214; Primary surgery (Day 16), or Surgery + NKTR-214 + C4. Primary tumor size, survival, and a binary assessment of metastatic disease was made for each mouse. Flow cytometry studies examined tumor immune cell infiltrates on Day 21 in mice treated with VO, RT, RT + C4, C4 + NKTR-214, or RT + C4 + NKTR-214. Results: NKTR + C4 prevented development of spontaneous metastasis (p Conclusions: Addition of systemic NKTR-214 + C4 treatment to RT or primary surgical resection reduces development of distant metastatic disease in a preclinical NSCLC model. Moreover, treatment with NKTR-214 + C4 increases infiltration of innate and adaptive immune effector cells in the primary tumor. This treatment strategy has important translational potential to prevent distant relapse in patients undergoing definitive local therapies for early stage NSCLC. Citation Format: Ryan J. Brown, Luke Zangl, Ian Arthur, Alex Pieper, Peter M. Carlson, Juliana Castillo, Paul M. Sondel, Alexander Rakhmilevich, Zach S. Morris, Ravi B. Patel. Combination of bempegaldesleukin and anti-CTLA-4 prevents metastatic dissemination after primary surgery or radiation therapy in a preclinical model of non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4455.
Differences Between The Optical/Uv Spectra Of X-Ray Bright And X-Ray Faint QSOs

We contrast measurements of composite optical and ultraviolet (UV) spectra constructed from samples of QSOs defined by their soft X-ray brightness. X-ray bright (XB) composites show stronger emission lines in general, but particularly from the narrow line region. The difference in the [OIII]/Hbeta ratio is particularly striking, and even more so when blended FeII emission is properly subtracted. The correlation of this ratio with X-ray brightness were principal components of QSO spectral diversity found by Boroson & Green (1992). We find here that other, much weaker narrow optical forbidden lines ([OII] and NeV) are enhanced by factors of 2 to 3 in our XB composites, and that narrow line emission is also strongly enhanced in the XB UV composite. Broad permitted line fluxes are slightly larger for all XB spectra, but the narrow/broad line ratio stays similar or increases strongly with X-ray brightness for all strong permitted lines except Hbeta. Spectral differences between samples divided by their relative X-ray brightness (as measured by alpha_{ox}) exceed those seen between complementary samples divided by luminosity or radio loudness. We propose that the Baldwin effect may be a secondary correlation to the primary relationship between alpha_{ox} and emission line equivalent width. We conclude that either 1) equivalent width depends strongly on the SHAPE of the ionizing continuum, as crudely characterized here by alpha_{ox} or 2) both equivalent width and alpha_{ox} are related to some third parameter characterizing the QSO physics. One such possibility is intrinsic warm absorption; a soft X-ray absorber situated between the broad and narrow line regions can successfully account for many of the properties observed.
Optical and X-Ray Studies of 10 X-Ray-selected Cataclysmic Binaries

We report on ground-based optical observations of 10 cataclysmic binaries that were discovered through their X-ray emission. Time-resolved radial velocity spectroscopy yields unambiguous orbital periods for eight objects and ambiguous results for the remaining two. The orbital periods range from 87 minutes to 9.38 hr. We also obtained time-series optical photometry for six targets, four of which have coherent pulsations. These periods are 1218 s for 1RXS J045707.4+452751, 628 s for AX J1740.2–2903, 477 s for AX J1853.3–0128, and 935 s for IGR J19267+1325. A total of seven of the sources have coherent oscillations in X-rays or optical, indicating that they are intermediate polars (DQ Herculis stars). Time-resolved spectroscopy of one object, Swift J2218.4+1925, shows that it is an AM Herculis star, or polar, and IGR J19552+0044 may also be in that class. For another object, Swift J0746.2–1611, we find an orbital period of 9.384 hr and detect the spectrum of the secondary star. The secondary's spectral contribution implies a distance of 900 (+190, –150) pc, where the error bars are estimated using a Monte Carlo technique to account for correlated uncertainties.
Spring 2021 Editorial: Emerging Arenas in Social Work Education and Practice

Given our commitment to highlighting current issues, challenges, and responses within social work practice and education globally, the Spring 2021 issue of Advances in Social Work is pleased to present 11 full-length papers written by 40 authors from across the U.S. and Canada. We begin with four papers calling for greater involvement of social work educators and practitioners in arenas including information literacy, dyslexia, digital equity, and independent living. These papers are followed by reports on seven empirical studies in areas of practice as diverse as kinship care, legal representation, collaboration in a dental clinic, and dance and mindfulness. We hope you find these selections on emerging areas of social work practice and education to be informative and inspiring. Each contribution to this issue is introduced below. Sprecial Issue Alert: Just a heads up that our next special issue, Dismantling White Supremacy in Social Work Education, will be released in late summer 2021. With over 100 abstracts submitted, this special issue has garnered incredible interest. We are looking forward to bringing you 34+ original papers (our largest issue to date!) addressing ways that social work education can move forward positively and intentionally in ways that acknowledge the damage wrought by white privilege, promote racial justice and anti-racist practice, and embrace new ways of knowing, teaching, and learning. The Indiana University School of Social Work, through publishing Advances in Social Work as an open access scholarly journal, is grateful to play a role in knowledge production and dissemination in social work. We are continually amazed at the dedication and hard work of our social work colleagues globally who work tirelessly to advance social and economic justice. Marshall on, colleagues! Tribute to Retiring Board Members: Before closing, I would like to take this opportunity to express sincere appreciation to three outgoing AISW Board members who recently retired from the Indiana University School of Social Work: Dr. Karen Allen, Dr. Larry Bennett, and Dr. Bob Vernon. Your contributions to not only Advances in Social Work but to the IU School of Social Work and to the social work profession at large are very much appreciated. Special accolades to Dr. Vernon who has served on the AISW Editorial Board since its inception in 1999. Best wishes to each of you in your next adventures!
Interest Costs, Taxes, and Value Creation

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) enacted in December 2017 will limit the deductibility of business interest expense to 30% of adjusted taxable income (ATI) beginning in 2022. This article uses earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) as a proxy for ATI to examines how this bill will have an asymmetric impact on taxes, earnings, and cash flow from operations (CFO) of firms with interest coverage ratios (ICR) that are at or marginally above 3.33. Equity analysts will need to consider the higher volatility in estimated taxes paid in the future when using discounted Free Cash Flow (FCF) to value a firm’s equity. Issuing debt becomes less attractive with implications for the capital structure of the firm, bond ratings and use of leverage for growth, share repurchase or dividend payout. Firms with substantial interest deduction carryforwards because of inadequate EBIT, might want to sell or merge with firms with high ICRs that can take advantage of the unused interest deduction carryforwards. Firms attempting to reduce leverage might rollover maturing debt with qualified preferred stock issues.
Sleep difficulties, incident dementia and all-cause mortality among older adults across 8 years: Findings from the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Sleep difficulties have been implicated in the development and progression of dementia and in all-cause mortality. This study examines the relationship between sleep difficulties, incident dementia and all-cause mortality over 8 years of follow-up among a nationally representative sample of older (≥65 years) adults in the United States. We used data collected from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) from 2011 to 2018, a prospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries. At baseline, the NHATS sample comprised 6,376 older adults who were representative of 32 million older adults. Respondents reported routine difficulty initiating sleep or difficulty falling back asleep "most nights" or "every night" in each study year. In each year, dementia was determined by either self-reported diagnosis or performance on immediate and delayed recall word and clock drawing tests, whereas all-cause mortality was determined by proxy. We conducted Cox proportional hazards modelling, adjusting for age, sex, marital status and chronic conditions. In models predicting all-cause mortality, we also controlled for dementia. Among respondents at baseline, 19% were 65-75 years of age, 71% identified as non-Hispanic white and 59% were female. Difficulty initiating sleep (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.25-1.77), difficulty falling back asleep (HR, = 1.39; 95% CI,1.14-1.70) and concurrent sleep difficulties (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25-1.99) were associated with greater risk of dementia. Difficulty initiating sleep (HR, 1.44; 95% CI,1.20-1.72), difficulty falling back asleep (HR, 1.56; 95% CI,1.29-1.89), and concurrent sleep difficulties (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.44-2.24) were associated with greater risk of all-cause mortality. Our findings demonstrate that reported difficulties are prospectively associated with an increased risk of dementia and all-cause mortality among older people.
Combustion of n-butyl acetate synthesized by a new and sustainable biological process and comparisons with an ultrapure commercial n-butyl acetate produced by conventional Fischer esterification

Abstract This paper reports a study of the combustion dynamics of n-butyl acetate (BA) using the configuration of a burning droplet. Two grades of BA were examined: one (SBA) synthesized by a new process described in the paper that uses a metabolically engineered solventogenic Clostridium strain through an extractive fermentation process using n-hexadecane as the extractant; and one commercially available as a high-purity (99.9%) ‘neat’ BA grade produced by conventional Fischer esterification (NBA). The initial droplet diameter was primarily 0.6 mm with some limited experiments carried out for 0.4 mm droplets to show the influence of convection. Experiments were performed in the standard atmosphere and ignition was by spark discharge. The results showed the presence of impurities in the SBA at mass concentrations totaling about 6% which included n-butanol, n-hexadecane, iso-propyl alcohol and ethyl acetate. Droplet burning rates and flame structures were not influenced by these impurities at this concentration level. In the presence of convection created by buoyancy, droplets burned faster with stretched flames and a luminosity revealing the presence of soot by incandescence at the flame tips. Reducing the initial droplet diameter to 0.4 mm eliminated the convective effect and resulted in near spherical flames. The results presented show that the new synthesis process is a sustainable alternative for BA production with burning characteristics identical to NBA in both convective and stagnant gas transport fields.
Machine Learning Algorithms In User Authentication Schemes.

In the past two decades, the number of mobile products being created by companies has grown exponentially. However, although these devices are constantly being upgraded with the newest features, the security measures used to protect these devices has stayed relatively the same over the past two decades. The vast difference in growth patterns between devices and their security is opening up the risk for more and more devices to easily become infiltrated by nefarious users. Working off of previous work in the field, this study looks at the different Machine Learning algorithms used in user authentication schemes involving touch dynamics and device movement. This study aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current uses of different machine learning algorithms that are frequently used in user authentication schemas involving touch dynamics and device movement. The benefits, limitations, and suggestions for future work will be thoroughly discussed throughout this paper.
Serum bilirubin and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review.

Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant and higher serum bilirubin levels have been associated with improved COPD outcomes. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the association between serum bilirubin levels and lung function (FEV1), prevalence/incidence of COPD, acute exacerbations of COPD, respiratory health status, and mortality. MEDLINE® and Embase were searched using Ovid® (search updated October 1st, 2019). We included studies that measured serum bilirubin levels and outcomes of interest in adults with or without underlying lung disease. We excluded studies of those with liver disease or drug-induced elevations in bilirubin. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale to assess individual study risk of bias (ROB) and the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality—Evidence Based Practice tool to assess overall strength of evidence (SOE). Two authors independently determined eligibility, performed data abstraction, assessed ROB, and determined SOE. Thirteen studies (5 low risk of bias, 3 moderate and 5 high risk) were included. We found low strength of evidence for the association between higher bilirubin levels and lower risk of acute exacerbations of COPD (2 studies), mortality (3 studies), COPD diagnosis (4 studies), and lung function (FEV1) (8 studies). We found insufficient evidence on the relationship between serum bilirubin and respiratory health status/exercise capacity (1 study) and airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio) (4 studies). Higher bilirubin levels may be associated with lower mortality and improved COPD outcomes. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the effect of medications that raise serum bilirubin on COPD outcomes. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019145747.
Environmental Influences on Individual Burnout and a Preventive Approach for Organizations

Burnout is a prevalent problem in advanced market economies, and recent economic downturns have created conditions that increase the likelihood of burnout within organizations. This present paper addresses the current absence of research in the scientific literature on how macro-level factors may affect burnout. We propose a conceptual model of burnout, which introduces the macro environment, organization behaviors, and both individual and organizational stressors that all contribute to burnout. Furthermore, we review the burnout literature and provide a multilevel preventive approach for dealing with burnout. Trends and previous findings in the literature support the proposed conceptual model.
Tritium/3He measurements as calibration tools in groundwater transport modelling

The distribution of 3 H and its decay product 3 He in aquifers can be utilized to calibrate groundwater flow and transport models, either by using the two isotopes as separate tracers, or by using the 3 H/ 3 He age. A variety of modelling approaches has been applied to 3 H/ 3 He data sets in hydrogeological settings ranging from simple homogeneous sands to fractured bedrock systems. These studies indicate that tritium concentrations alone, as well as 3 H/ 3 He data provide powerful calibration targets for groundwater flow and transport models. 3 H/ 3 He data are also sensitive to longitudinal and transversal dispersion and to large-scale mixing and can be used to quantify these processes.
Material and Processing Effects on Fatigue Performance of Leaf Springs

Procedures are developed for assessing the influence of various material and processing factors on the fatigue performance of leaf springs. Cyclic material properties, determined from smooth axial specimens of spring steel, are used to determine the level and cyclic stability of residual stresses resulting from mechanical processing as well as the amount of permanent deformation associated with presetting operations. A damage parameter, incorporating material properties, residual stress effects and applied stressing conditions, is used to predict failure location, i.e. surface or subsurface, and lifetime as a function of processing sequence. Predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental bending results.
The prevention, inhibition, palliation, and treatment of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a variable and enigmatic disease. In this article an attempt has been made to describe principles of management for different groups of patients who have varying manifestations of pelvic endometriosis. Different methods are described for prevention, inhibition, palliation, and treatment of endometriosis.
Radio Measurements of Planetary Nebulae

Sixty-eight planetary nebulae have been investigated in a series of observations at 10-cm wavelength using the two 90-ft diameter antennas of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Of these, 52 were found to have flux densities greater than a minimum detectable level of approximately 10−27 Wm−2 Hz−1. To indicate cases of possible confusion in the radio observations, the measured radio position of each nebula was compared with an accurate optical position. For a number of the stronger nebulae angular widths in the East-West direction and flux densities at 21 cm were also measured. The results lead to the conclusion that the radio emission is thermal, and on this basis the expected flux densities in Hβ have been calculated. A comparison with optical data shows values of the Hβ extinction Δ logF Hβ , ranging from zero to approximately 2.0 for NGC 6537 and NGC 6369.
Indoor scene reconstruction from sets of noisy range images

The paper describes a system for indoor scene modeling from sets of noisy laser range images. We address several important aspects thereof: preprocessing, which includes image segmentation and planar model fitting; view registration, which is the method of determining the rigid transformation that describes the relative pose of the camera platform between views; and reconstruction, which is the subsequent integration or fusion of separate range images into a single 3D model. We give an empirical analysis, which demonstrates the efficacy of our plane-based registration strategy and results in real data that show the performance of the reconstruction system in its entirety.
A practical approach to the ultrasound characterization of adnexal masses.

Abstract:Because pelvic ultrasound is commonly used to evaluate adnexal masses, it is important to understand the most useful sonographic features for predicting benign and malignant masses. Determining whether an adnexal mass is of ovarian or extraovarian origin is key in arriving at the most likel
Phagosomes, fatty acids and tuberculosis.

An acknowledged key to the success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a pathogen is its ability to prevent the fusion of a phagosome containing the internalized bacterium with the host cell's lysosomal system. Recent work examines the modulation of phagosome maturation by addition of exogenous fatty acids and discusses the implications that this could have for anti-tuberculosis therapy or prophylaxis.
Institutional Mergers in Australian Higher Educaiton since 1960

For the past forty years, institutional mergers have been a major and controversial theme in Australian higher education. Three main phases of major mergers are reviewed with particular attention being paid to reasons for merger, success factors, and longer term results. While merger experiences have often been traumatic for participants and participating institutions, on balance the longer term results have been positive, producing a university system today comprising relatively large and comprehensive institutions, well suited to compete in the new internationally competitive environment.
Production of Phlebotomine Sandflies on the Open Forest Floor in Panama: Phytologic and Edaphic Relations

Breeding populations of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) on the floor of a rain forest in Panama were studied with soil emergence traps. Supporting studies were made of physiographic and hydrologic features of the breeding habitat. The pattern of distribution of the forest litter and the composition, texture and stability of local deposits are largely determined by physiographic and hydrologic features which are operative in soil transport. The forest litter tends to be removed from steep slopes and valleys and to cumulate on gentle slopes and prominences. On hilltops the forest litter tends to occur in stable, residual deposits, while on hillsides and stream banks relatively unstable, alluvial deposits are more common. Breeding populations of Lutzomyia pessoana (Barretto), L. panamensis (Shannon), L. gomezi (Nitzulescu), and L. insolita (Fairchild and Hertig) are greater in hilltop regions, while those of L. trapidoi (Fairchild and Hertig) are greater in hillside and streamside regions. No comparable effect was noted in the case of L. rorotaensis (Floch and Abonnenc). No effects of physiographic aspect or of non-destructive inundation on breeding populations of sandflies were detected.
Inorganic chemistry: Deconstructing water oxidation

During photosynthesis, the oxygen-evolving complex oxidizes water to produce molecular oxygen. Now, a possible role for the calcium ion in this complex has been proposed based on the electrochemical properties of a series of synthetic heterometallic clusters.
Heterogeneous changes in amino acid transport activity in E. coli lipid overproducing mutants.

Abstract Mutants of E. coli that overproduce fatty acids or excrete phospholipids display heterogeneous changes in the transport rates for some but not all amino acids. Glutamic acid and proline are transported more rapidly than normal, asparagine and lysine are transported less rapidly. Transport rates for aspartic acid and glutamine are not altered. Only one of two kinetically distinct glutamate transport components has an elevated Vmax value. The findings suggest that individual amino acid transport catalysts are affected differently by the structural or metabolic changes evoked in these mutants.
The Politics of Architecture and Urbanism in Postcolonial Lagos, 1960-1986

Abstract After independence, the Nigerian government faced a number of choices about how to manage its urban environment, particularly in Lagos, Nigeria's capital. By favouring a programme of tropical modernist architecture for its prestige buildings in Lagos and British New Town style for its housing estates there, the government sought to demonstrate both its independence from European culture and its ability to perform the functions of a modern state. And yet, the hopes of government officials and elites for Lagos were frustrated as Lagosians, in response to new economic and demographic forces, shaped a very different sort of city from below. The Nigerian government's retreat to Abuja and its abandonment of Lagos mark the failures of urban policymaking in Nigeria.