cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What can Labor Economics Tell us about the Earnings and Employment Prospects for Faculty

The many individuals who make up the faculty in the American higher education system are extremely diverse in their backgrounds, professional expertise, interests, and motivations for becoming faculty members. They do, however, share the fact that each of them is employed by an institution of higher education and has a personal incentive to learn about the various aspects of their conditions of employment. Accordingly, the academy has long been interested in understanding the economic status of the academic profession and how it is changing. The American Association of University Professors (AAUP), for example, regularly collects data from colleges and universities on faculty compensation and reports their findings to their membership. The latest report (American Association of University Professors, 2001) identified the following trends and changes in faculty compensation: “For the fourth consecutive year, faculty salary levels increased after adjusting for inflation...” “The average faculty member earns 26 percent ($15,299) less than the average highly-educated professional.” “Salary disparities among disciplines are also accelerating and reflect the importance of external markets relative to internal institutional constraints and purely academic markets.”
Piezoresistant Response of Vapor-Deposited Ytterbium

Vapor-deposited ytterbium (Yb) stress gages have been used in several stress wave studies and may be especially effective when the gage thickness must be kept to a minimum.1, 2 One application for these gages is the measurement of the stress waves produced in solid targets by pulsed lasers.2, 3 In this application, the gages are usually located just beneath the surface of the target. The laser produces a surface pressure pulse with a very rapid rise time and peak pressures from tens of bars to several kilobars.
Barriers to electronic cigarette use.

Objective Recent studies suggest that electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may be a better alternative to traditional smoking cessation therapies for cigarette smokers. This study explores the barriers traditional smokers face when switching to e-cigarettes. Design and sample A convenience sample of adult male and female tobacco and/or e-cigarette smokers (n = 446) were recruited through an online survey. Measurements The survey included questions used to determine the barriers a smoker may experience in regards to their use of e-cigarettes, as well as the characteristics regarding their use of tobacco and/or e-cigarettes. Results The majority (74%) of tobacco smokers who tried e-cigarettes did not perceive e-cigarettes to be an effective replacement for tobacco cigarettes, and 69% indicated the initial cost and health concerns as reasons to not continue using e-cigarettes. Both current e-cigarette users and those who discontinued use of e-cigarettes noted health or lack of information on side effects as a concern. The majority of e-cigarette users indicated that it took more than a week to settle on a proper dose. We found that for each additional cigarette smoked per day individuals were 4.0% (p = .001) more likely to use e-cigarettes. Conclusion This exploratory study informs future cessation trials involving e-cigarettes about the barriers users face. Given that individuals who smoke a greater number of tobacco cigarettes are more likely to try e-cigarettes, greater attention to nicotine dosing is necessary.
Systematic data fusion using the theory of random conditional sets

In data fusion one tries to locate and/or classify unknown objects of many different types on the basis of different kinds of evidence, collected on an ongoing basis by many sensors having varying capabilities. This is illustrated in Figure 16.1.
Developing a library and information science bachelor's degree program in the United Arab Emirates

As the world was bracing for the American, British, and Coalition invasion of Iraq with the intent of creating a regime change that would bring democracy to Iraq, in another part of the Middle East there was talk about democracy, economic development, free-market economy, and planning for library and information science program development within a private university. The place was the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which occupies an area approximately 32,400 square miles along the Arabian Gulf bordering the Gulf of Oman a country roughly the size of Portugal. The UAE is a federation of seven emirates (six that were formerly occupied by the British until 1971); the seventh emirate joined in 1972. The federation consists of the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharga, Umm al-Qaiwain, Fujariah, Ajman, and Ra's al-Khimah. With a per capita income of $10,000, an annual Gross National Product (GNP) growth of more than five percent, and substantial revenue from oil and tourism, the UAE is one of the richest countries in the region and is ranked as the fourth country with the highest GNP in the world. With 40 percent of the population using the Internet, the country is ranked first among Arab countries in the use of the Internet and is ranked tenth worldwide.1 The country is proud of its newly built Internet City outside Dubai which provides the Arab version of Silicon Valley. The UAE has also been a leader in e-government, and its free market zone is a magnet for shoppers from around the world. The UAE suffers from a shortage of an indigenous workforce as most of the professionals working within the UAE are expatriates (the term used by UAE nationals for non-nationals working in the country). UAE nationals hold most of the key, power, and influential positions in the country, with expatriates in positions for which there is no, or limited, national expertise. Virtually all "labor" positions are held by expatriates. A new private university, The University of Abu Dhabi (ADU), is being proposed by a national family for altruistic reasons. ADU will educate na-
Are financial incentives for wellness fair

Employers have shown considerable enthusiasm for programs that use financial incentives to stimulate health-related changes in employee behavior and lifestyle. This article raises fairness issues in relation to these programs.
Some Major Issues in the Closing of the Hospitals

Almost all state hospitals in America have undergone a sharp phase-down of inpatient population. A few hospitals have been phased out of existence altogether and some have undergone metamorphosis to facilities serving the retarded or the psychiatric offender, or have been converted to junior colleges or to other such public purposes. As the patients have moved out of the hospitals into the communities, a concomitant improvement in the care and treatment of patients remaining within the hospitals has also ensued. In many institutions this has been quite as remarkable as the community shift itself. These historic, almost revolutionary, changes have brought with them a host of problems of which only a few selected ones can be dealt with in this chapter. These include: the dying hospital, transfer trauma, ghettoization of former mental patients, strategies in the development of satellites, and the narrowing sphere of professional autonomy.
Relationship between monoamine oxidase (MAO) A specific activity and proportion of human skin fibroblasts which express the enzyme in culture

Total deficiency of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in affected males of a single, human kindred appears to be associated with mild mental retardation and significant behavioral anomalies. Though total MAO-A deficiency appears to be rare, the extent and significance of individual variation in monoamine oxidase A activity in human populations is unclear. Since MAOA activity is undetectable in blood cells, most systematic surveys of individual variation MAO-A activity have compared enzyme activity in human fibroblasts cultured from skin biopsies. Surprisingly, MAO-A activity in skin fibroblast cultures from unrelated donors ranges over 100-fold. It has been suggested that this extreme variation in fibroblast MAO-A activity between donors reflects individual, genetic variation in the regulation of MAO-A in fibroblasts. I have found from studies with immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry that the proportion of MAO-A+ cells in fibroblast cultures is (a) highly variable between cultures, (b) a reproducible characteristic of each culture and (c) the primary factor responsible for variation in MAO-A specific activity in whole cell, skin fibroblast homogenates. It has been shown previously that MAO-A activity of a skin fibroblast culture is relatively constant with continued passage prior to cellular senescence. Therefore, these new data raise the possibility that MAO-A expression is confined to a functionally distinct subset of human skin fibroblasts.
Noise Reduction for ICU by Using Feedforward Active Noise Control System

This paper proposes to utilize active noise control (ANC) systems for reducing the high level noise for intensive care unit (ICU) residents. Care Medicine reported that around 80% of all Americans experience a critical injury or critical illness, either as the patient, family member, or friend of a patient. However, the ICU is a potentially hostile environment to the vulnerable critically ill patient, high level noise in the ICU results in numerous adverse health effects which may have lifelong consequences to the quality of life for ICU graduates. In this paper, we analyze the real recorded ICU noise. We present the single channel and multiple channel feedforward ANC systems. The filtered-x least mean square error (FXLMS) algorithm is used to control the the adaptive filter/s. The simulation results show that the proposed ANC system can significantly reduce the noise level and the multichannel system is outperform the single channel system by 5dB.
Improved Long-term Survival with Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning in a Rat Fixed-Pressure Hemorrhagic Shock Model

We investigated whether bilateral, lower limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) improved long-term survival using a rat model of hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation. Rats were anesthetized, intubated and ventilated, and randomly assigned to RIPC, induced by inflating bilateral pressure cuffs around the femoral arteries to 200 mmHg for 5 min, followed by 5-min release of the cuffs (repeated for 4 cycles), or control group (cuffs were inflated to 30 mmHg). Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood to a fixed mean blood pressure of 30 mmHg for 30 min, followed by 30 min of resuscitation with shed blood. Rats remained anesthetized for 1 h during which hemodynamics were monitored then they were allowed to survive for 6 weeks. The percentage of estimated total blood volume withdrawn to maintain a level of 30 mmHg was similar in both groups. RIPC significantly increased survival at 6 weeks: 5 of 27 (19%) rats in the control group and 13 of 26 (50%; p = 0.02) rats in the RIPC group survived. Blood pressure was higher in the RIPC group. The diastolic internal dimension of the left ventricle, an indicator of circulating intravascular blood volume, was significantly larger in the RIPC group at 1 h after initiation of resuscitation compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Left ventricular function assessed by fractional shortening was comparable in both groups at 1 h after initiation of resuscitation. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was within normal range in the RIPC group (17.3 ± 1.2 mg/dl) but elevated in the control group (22.0 ± 1.7 mg/dl) at 48 h after shock. RIPC significantly improved short-term survival in rats that were subjected to hemorrhagic shock, and this benefit was maintained long term. RIPC led to greater circulating intravascular blood volume in the early phase of resuscitation and improved BUN.
An algorithm to identify the aetiology of crystalline retinopathy

Due to the extensive differential diagnoses and overlapping clinical features, determining the aetiology of a crystalline retinopathy can be challenging. More effective ways are needed to help clinicians isolate the cause of a crystalline retinopathy and determine the appropriate management of concomitant ocular and/or systemic disease. This paper reviews literature on crystalline retinopathy focusing upon the key features of each aetiology, including medical history, laterality, and examination findings. Based on this review, an algorithm was formulated to clinically classify causes of crystalline retinopathy, which may help practising clinicians identify and manage key causes of crystalline retinopathy.
Designing, Reporting, and Interpreting Clinical Research Studies About Treatments for Pain: Evidence-Based Medicine

A thorough understanding of evidence-based medicine is a requirement for any clinician, especially those in rapidly developing specialties such as pain medicine. This understanding is not only important to guide clinical practice, but also to empower active contribution to the body of evidence that is required to justify reimbursements for interventions.
Rigor, Relevance, and Resilience in Management Research:

In this essay, I discuss a few characteristics of research that is rigorous, resilient, and impactful and identify some research topics that share these characteristics. I then share some observati...
Ventilator Graphics: Scalars, Loops, & Secondary Measures

Ventilator graphic monitoring is common in ICUs. The graphic information provides clinicians with immediate clues regarding patient-ventilator interaction and ventilator function. These display tools are aimed at reducing complications associated with mechanical ventilation, such as patient-ventilator asynchrony. It is also useful to assess respiratory mechanics in mechanically ventilated patients using both scalar and plot displays on the ventilator. Additional information can be gained by observing secondary ventilator measures including stress index, inflection points, and work of breathing. Ventilator graphics impact mechanical ventilation management through optimizing effectiveness of patient care and enhancing promptness of clinician response. Despite being a valuable asset in providing high-quality patient care, many bedside clinicians do not have a thorough understanding of ventilator graphics. Mastery of ventilator graphics interpretation is key in managing patients who are receiving ventilatory support.
Management of hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer

The majority of breast cancers are diagnosed at an early stage and are hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative. Significant advances have been made in the management of early stage HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, resulting in improved survival outcomes. In this review, we discuss important factors to consider in the management of this disease. In particular, we discuss the role of adjuvant endocrine therapy, specific endocrine therapy agents, the duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy, treatment-related side effects, and the role of genomic assays and other biomarkers when considering treatment recommendations for individuals with HR-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer. Finally, we address emerging data to individualize therapeutic decision-making and provide future considerations.
Introduction and Advancement of Enteral Nutrition After Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonates with Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects 1-3/1,000 newborns. Intestinal ischemia during the perinatal hypoxic event is associated with enteral feeding intolerance and potentially an increased risk of gastrointestinal morbidities such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) is the standard-of-care treatment for newborns with moderate-to-severe HIE and is believed to decrease gastrointestinal morbidity. Optimal introduction and advancement of enteral nutrition post-TH is unknown. Moreover, it is also unknown if HIE severity affects tolerance of enteral nutrition and risk for adverse gastrointestinal …
Bridging Safety Language Disparities in Orchards: A Pesticide Label Mobile App.

Objectives: The goal of this project was to determine if a mobile application displaying pesticide label information in Spanish and English was a viable approach to addressing safety and health dis...
Emergency Department Use Among Assisted Living Residents After Hurricane Irma.

Abstract Objectives Nursing home residents are especially vulnerable to adverse outcomes after a hurricane. Prior research suggests that emergency department (ED) visits increase among community-residing older adults after natural disasters. However, little is known about the impact of hurricanes on the large population of older adults residing in assisted living (AL) settings, particularly the influence of storms on the rates and causes of ED visits. We examined whether rates of ED use for injuries and other medical reasons increased after Hurricane Irma in 2017 among AL residents in Florida. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting and Participants Samples of 30,358 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in 2016 and 28,922 beneficiaries in 2017 who resided in Florida AL communities. Measures The number of injury-related and other medical visits per 1,000 person-days within 30 and 90 days of September 1 in 2016 and 2017. We adjusted for age, race, sex, and chronic conditions using linear regression with AL fixed effects. We compared the top 10 primary diagnoses resulting in an ED visit between 2016 and 2017. Results Adjusted rates of injury-related visits were 12.5% higher at 30 days but did not differ at 90 days. Other medical visits were 12% higher at 30 days in 2017 than in 2016 and 7.7% higher at 90 days. Heart failure was a leading cause of ED visits within 90 days of September 1 in 2017, unlike in 2016. Conclusions and Implications Increased attention should be paid to AL communities in disaster preparedness and response efforts given the increased likelihood of ED visits following a hurricane.
Vertical Antitrust Enforcement: Transatlantic Perspectives on Restrictions of Online Distribution Under EU and US Competition Laws

(2013). Vertical Antitrust Enforcement: Transatlantic Perspectives on Restrictions of Online Distribution Under EU and US Competition Laws. European Competition Journal: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 225-340.
Abstract PR006: 27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on myeloid immune cells to induce T cell dysfunction, promoting breast cancer progression

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the US. Elevated cholesterol is a major risk factor for breast cancer onset and recurrence, while cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins, are associated with a good prognosis. Previous work in murine models showed that cholesterol increases breast cancer metastasis, and the pro-metastatic effects of cholesterol were due to its primary metabolite, 27HC. In our prior work, myeloid cells were found to be required for the pro-metastatic effects of 27HC, but their precise contribution remains unclear. Here we report that 27HC impairs T cell expansion and cytotoxic function through its actions on myeloid cells, including macrophages, in an LXR-dependent manner. Many oxysterols and LXR ligands had similar effects on T cell expansion. Moreover, their ability to induce the LXR target gene ABCA1 was associated with their effectiveness in impairing T cell expansion. Interestingly, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of 27HC, CYP27A1, is highly expressed in myeloid cells, suggesting that 27HC may have important autocrine or paracrine functions in these cells, a hypothesis supported by our finding that breast cancer metastasis was reduced in mice with a myeloid specific knockout of CYP27A1. Pharmacologic inhibition of CYP27A1 reduced metastatic growth and improved the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-L1. RNA sequencing of 27HC-treated macrophages and GSEA analysis provide further mechanistic insight, revealing an enrichment of MYC and NOTCH signaling pathways, both of which are documented pathways involved in tumor-associated macrophages. Taken together, our work suggests that targeting the CYP27A1 axis in myeloid cells may present therapeutic benefits and improve the response rate to immune therapies in breast cancer. Delineating the link between LXR and the known mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages is important to fully understand 27HC-driven cancer metastasis. This work was supported by grants to ERN from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R01CA234025) and METAvivor. This abstract is also being presented as PO050. Citation Format: Liqian Ma, Lawrence Wang, Adam T. Nelson, Chaeyeon Han, Sisi He, Madeline A. Henn, Karan Menon, Joy J. Chen, Amy E. Baek, Anna Vardanyan, Sayyed Hamed Shahoei, Sunghee Park, David J. Shapiro, Som G. Nanjappa, Erik R. Nelson. 27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on myeloid immune cells to induce T cell dysfunction, promoting breast cancer progression [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR006.
Deep Learning to Solve Problems with Incentive Compatibility Constraints: Application to Dynamic Public Finance

Although deep learning has received attention in many fields, application in economics is rare. Recently, Azinovic et al. (2019) applied deep learning to solve dynamic overlapping generations models and demonstrated that deep learning is a powerful tool for use in the field of economics. Motivated by this, in the present paper, deep learning is applied to dynamic public finance. Deep learning was determined to be an efficient tool to find binding incentive constraints and solve high-dimensional optimization problems.
Sequencing of Differentially Expressed cDNA Fragments

Once proved to be differentially expressed, a cDNA fragment is sequenced to search for homology with other cloned genes and/ or putative gene functions. The sequence of a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule can be determined by chemical (Maxam and Gilbert 1977, 1980) or enzymatic (Sanger et al. 1977) methods. The enzymatic sequencing method is based on the ability of DNA polymerase to extend a primer hybridized to the template to be sequenced until a chain-terminating nucleotide (2’,3’-di-deoxyribonucleoside 5’-triphosphate, ddNTP) is incorporated. Because the ddNTP lacks the necessary 3’-OH group required for chain elongation, the growing oligonucleotide is terminated selectively at G, A, T, or C when a set of four separate reactions, each with a different ddNTP, are performed. When a radionucleotide is included in the reaction, the resulting labeled fragments, with the same origin but ending at a different nucleotide, are visualized by autoradiography after separation by denaturing gel electrophoresis.
Balanced Macromolecular Biosynthesis in “Protoplasts” of Streptococcus faecalis

Osmotically fragile forms of Streptococcus faecalis 9790 were grown in 0.5 m sucrose- or 0.5 m NH4Cl-stabilized medium. The “protoplast” cultures exhibit an average growth rate constant of 0.66 to 0.94 mass doublings/hr. In a variety of experiments, turbidity and the net content of protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid increase at the same rate, indicating balanced macromolecular biosynthesis. A total of two to three mass doublings was obtained, with no evidence of cell division. After osmotic shock, “protoplast” cultures released 93 to 94% of their RNA content in a form not sedimentable at 12,800 × g for 15 min, in contrast to streptococci, which released 7% of their RNA content after the same treatment.
CXCL13 Responsiveness but Not CXCR5 Expression by Late Transitional B Cells Initiates Splenic White Pulp Formation

Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) provide the structural framework for coconcentration of Ag and Ag-specific lymphocytes required for an efficient adaptive immune system. The spleen is the primordial SLO, and evolved concurrently with Ig/TCR:pMHC-based adaptive immunity. The earliest cellular/histological event in the ontogeny of the spleen's lymphoid architecture, the white pulp (WP), is the accumulation of B cells around splenic vasculature, an evolutionarily conserved feature since the spleen's emergence in early jawed vertebrates such as sharks. In mammals, B cells are indispensable for both formation and maintenance of SLO microarchitecture; their expression of lymphotoxin α1β2 (LTα1β2) is required for the LTα1β2:CXCL13 positive feedback loop without which SLO cannot properly form. Despite the spleen's central role in the evolution of adaptive immunity, neither the initiating event nor the B cell subset necessary for WP formation has been identified. We therefore sought to identify both in mouse. We detected CXCL13 protein in late embryonic splenic vasculature, and its expression was TNF-α and RAG-2 independent. A substantial influx of CXCR5(+) transitional B cells into the spleen occurred 18 h before birth. However, these late embryonic B cells were unresponsive to CXCL13 (although responsive to CXCL12) and phenotypically indistinguishable from blood-derived B cells. Only after birth did B cells acquire CXCL13 responsiveness, accumulate around splenic vasculature, and establish the uniquely splenic B cell compartment, enriched for CXCL13-responsive late transitional cells. Thus, CXCL13 is the initiating component of the CXCL13:LTα1β2 positive feedback loop required for WP ontogeny, and CXCL13-responsive late transitional B cells are the initiating subset.
Megaton Modular Multi-Purpose Neutrino Detector

This brief note outlines a detector for the Homestake Laboratory and the physics experiments that might be done with it. The note might go on record as a letter of intent to be converted to a formal proposal at a later time.
Differences in stress and coping for mothers and fathers of children with Asperger's syndrome and nonverbal learning disorders

Research conducted on families of children with disabilities shows that family cohesion and positive family outcomes are influenced by how mothers and fathers cope with raising their child with disabilities. This study was designed to examine stress and coping differences between mothers and fathers (n = 103) of children with Asperger's syndrome (AS) and nonverbal learning disorders (NLD). A repeated measure design was used to compare how mothers and fathers cope with caring for a particular child to control for differences in the severity and nature of the disability across children. Few studies that compare mothers and fathers do so at the couple level. Responses indicated that mothers had higher rates of stress related to family problems and pessimism about their child's future, higher rates of antidepressant use, and higher rates of therapy use than did fathers. Mothers found some coping strategies more helpful than fathers did. Maternal education and child's age also were related to some stress and coping variables. Implications for nurses and future research are discussed.
Functioning and health-related quality of life of adolescents with cerebral palsy: self versus parent perspectives

Aim To determine whether there is a difference between perspectives of functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQL) of parents and ambulatory adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Method A total of 139 parent patient pairs (73 females, 66 males; median age 14y 6mo, age range 11–18y, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III, with hemiplegia [n=23], diplegia [n=103], triplegia [n=9], and quadriplegia [n=4]) were recruited from outpatient CP clinics at three pediatric orthopaedic hospitals, between 2000 and 2006, from whom Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) responses were collected. Results Cross-sectional data, calculated with intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC], showed parents and adolescents agreed more on functioning (ICC=0.488–0.748) than HRQL (ICC=0.242–0.568; PODCI). Parents and adolescents both recognized significant comorbidities (ICC=0.502–0.713), but adolescents saw themselves as less limited (ICC=0.330) than parents. The greatest differences between parents and adolescents were in HRQL scales for male adolescents, with only a small part explained by GMFCS level difference between sexes (effect size 0.002–0.143). Age, parent well-being, and parent sex had little effect and comorbidities had no effect. GMFCS level was the most common predictor. Interpretation Most scales on health conditions, function, and HRQL agreed between parents and adolescents aged11 to 18 years. Parent proxy is reasonable when necessary, but assessing both parents and adolescents gives additional insight. Adolescents do not consider themselves as limited by health conditions as parents do; parents have greater satisfaction with current level of symptoms than adolescents, and findings vary on expectations for treatment.
Feasibility of full duplex communications for LEO satellite

Simultaneously transmitting and receiving on the same frequency has long been considered a fundamental impossibility in wireless communication. Recent research activity has sought to challenge this limit. The main challenge is dealing with very high self-interference due to the high power transmit (TX) signal leaking into the receive (RX) path. The larger the difference between the TX and RX power, the more challenging the problem. A link to a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite requires at least 130 dB of cancellation for full duplex communication to be achievable. This paper presents initial results for a ground-LEO full-duplex link. Starting with a link budget, we derive the expected power levels, and therefore the required cancellation. We then formulate features of the satellite channel that make it feasible to even consider achieving 130 dB of cancellation. Unlike previous efforts that focused on relatively low-cost implementations suitable for commercial market, this effort relies on expensive and hand-tuned components. The initial goal is to develop a link suitable for a small LEO satellite (e.g. cubesat) with limited (1 MHz) bandwidth. The paper then provides initial experimental results using high-end RF and mixed-signal components. Cancellation is achieved using a combination of RF and baseband techniques. This paper presents the best known amount of self-interference cancellation with RF and baseband techniques. This goal is clearly ambitious and the work is not yet complete. However, the results are promising enough to warrant additional research.
Evaluation of superficial and intermediate cell dyskaryosis by colposcopy.

Abstract Thirty patients with a cytologic smear pattern of superficial and interinediate cell dyskarvosis were evaluated by repeat cytology and colposcopy. In 14 (47 per cent) of these cases repeat cytologic study was interpreted as negative, in 8 (26.5 per cent) the cytologic picture of superficial and intermediate cell dyskaryosis persisted and in 8 (26.5 per cent) the smears were interpreted as suspicious or positive. Colposcopic examination of the cervix and point biopsy of suspicious areas were done at the time repeat cytologic smears were obtained. From colposcopic biopsies 3 patients were diagnosed as having carcinoma in situ, and 14 were diagnosed as having dysplasia (6 of these 14 were patients from whom repeat smears were negative). The three diagnosed cases of carcinoma in situ were in the groups where repeat cytologic study was unchanged (1 case) or progressed to suspicious or positive (2 cases). Colposcopic examination of the cervix is an excellent means of selecting the site for tissue biopsy.
Derived subgroups and centers of capable groups

A group G is said to be capable if it is isomorphic to the central factor group H/Z(H) for some group H. It is shown in this paper that if G is finite and capable, then the index of the center Z(G) in G is bounded above by some function of the order of the derived subgroup G'. If G' is cyclic and its elements of order 4 are central, then, in fact, CG: Z(G)J < JG'12.
Homocysteine and Vascular Disease. Killian Robinson, ed. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, 468 pp., $180.00. ISBN 0-7923-6248-9.

The story of homocysteine in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) started with the identification of a metabolic disorder in patients with a rare genetic disorder in methionine metabolism. Since this work was published almost 40 years ago, there has been a growing and vast body of literature studying the impact of increased homocysteine on vascular disease. This 24-chapter book covers the entire spectrum, ranging from documentation of the historical work up through recent findings on homocysteine in relation to CVD, endothelial function, and renal disease. The book is not divided into sections or parts, but instead lists chapters first focusing on the biochemical and metabolic aspects of homocysteine metabolism and then leading to epidemiological findings on the predictors of homocysteine concentrations and the importance of homocysteine in vascular disease. The information on homocysteine metabolism and the wonderful historical perspective on …
PScheD: Political Scheduling on the CRAY T3E

Large parallel processing environments present serious administrative challenges if high utilization of the available resources is a goal. In many cases there is also the need to support critical or time-dependent applications at the same time as development and routine production work is going on.
Determining Age Effects: The Unique Contributions Provided by Longitudinal Designs

Information on the mental health effects of aging generated through cross-sectional studies is inherently limited. Single point in time comparisons of different age samples within a population cannot account for cohort effects or how risk factors may change over time and cannot, therefore, identify the effects of aging. Furthermore, clinical research that focuses on either mixed aged samples that exclude older persons or studies published from geriatric centers that exclude middle aged and young adults have are unable to directly assess aging effects. 1 Longitudinal studies that investigate the effects of specific risk factors on psychopathology across a wide age range are best suited to investigate aging effects on relationships between specific predictors and
Identification and initial characterization of the IR6 protein of equine herpesvirus 1.

Abstract The IR6 gene of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a novel gene that maps within each inverted repeat (IR), encodes a potential protein of 272 amino acids, and is expressed as a 1.2-kb RNA whose synthesis begins at very early times (1.5 h) after infection and continues throughout the infection cycle (C. A. Breeden, R. R. Yalamanchili, C.F. Colle, and D.J. O'Callaghan, Virology 191:649-660,1992). To identify the IR6 protein and ascertain its properties, we generated an IR6-specific polyclonal antiserum to a TrpE/IR6 fusion protein containing 129 amino acids (residues 134 to 262) of the IR6 protein. This antiserum immunoprecipitated a 33-kDa protein generated by in vitro translation of mRNA transcribed from a pGEM construct (IR6/pGEM-3Z) that contains the entire IR6 open reading frame. The anti-IR6 antibody also recognized an infected-cell protein of approximately 33 kDa that was expressed as early as 1 to 2 h postinfection and was synthesized throughout the infection cycle. A variety of biochemical analyses including radiolabeling the IR6 protein with oligosaccharide precursors, translation of IR6 mRNA in the presence of canine pancreatic microsomes, radiolabeling the IR6 protein in the presence of tunicamycin, and pulse-chase labeling experiments indicated that the two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation were not used and that the IR6 protein does not enter the secretory pathway. To address the possibility that the unique IR6 gene encodes a novel regulatory protein, we transiently transfected an IR6 expression construct into L-M fibroblasts alone or with an immediate-early gene expression construct along with a representative EHV-1 immediate-early, early, or late promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct. The results indicated that the IR6 protein does not affect the expression of these representative promoter constructs. Interestingly, the IR6 protein was shown to be phosphorylated and to associate with purified EHV-1 virions and nucleocapsids. Lastly, immunofluorescence and laser-scanning confocal microscopic analyses revealed that the IR6 protein is distributed throughout the cytoplasm at early times postinfection and that by 4 to 6 h it appears as "dash-shaped" structures that localize to the perinuclear region. At late times after infection (8 to 12 h), these structures assemble around the nucleus, and three-dimensional image analyses reveal that the IR6 protein forms a crown-like structure that surrounds the nucleus as a perinuclear network.
4-Cyanophenols bearing metabolically robust substituents

We report a variety of synthetic strategies to access novel 4-cyanophenols bearing substituents expected to be resistant to metabolism.
Abstract 661: Physical activity, sitting time, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk by histopathologic characteristics in a large US cohort

There is convincing evidence that physical activity is associated with lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, likely through its impact on circulating sex hormones, improved insulin sensitivity, and/or weight control. However, the relationship between time spent sitting and breast cancer is not well-defined. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the relationship of physical activity or sitting time with postmenopausal breast cancer varies by histopathologic characteristics of the tumor (defined by stage, histology, or estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status), use of postmenopausal hormones (PMH), or body mass index (BMI). Therefore, we examined recreational physical activity and leisure-time spent sitting in relation to breast cancer risk among 73,608 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free and enrolled in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence and mortality that began in 1992. From 1992-2007, 4,622 incident breast cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to compute rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) while adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, education, BMI, PMH use, and other breast cancer risk factors. Women who engaged in the highest amount of physical activity (>42 MET-hours/week) had 22% lower risk of breast cancer compared to women with the least activity (0- Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 661. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-661
Layoffs and underwritten rights offers

Abstract In seasoned equity rights offers, the standby underwriting contract resembles the sale of a put option. In the rights offering period, underwriters reduce their exposure to the standby underwriting by purchasing rights hedged with short sale of the common stock. Consistent with Eckbo and Masulis (1992), offers with large rights sell-offs during the offering period experience significant price decline. The offering period price decline and the nature of constraints confronting underwriters may partially explain the preference for general public offers.
A micro electrofocusing method for determining the large and small subunit polypeptide composition of fraction 1 proteins

Summary A method is described whereby Fraction 1 protein contained in 300–500 mg of leaves is precipitated by antiserum, the antibody-protein complex carboxymethylated and subjected to isoelectric focusing in 8 M urea. The number of resolved polypeptides composing the large and small subunits agrees with previous determinations made with crystalline Fraction 1 proteins obtained from Nicotiana excelsior, N. glauca, N. tabacum, and N. glutinosa as well as non-crystalline proteins purified from other genera of plants.
Apparatus and Methods for Micro-Incineration

In this article micro-incineration and the necessary apparatus is considered. This in itself is but the first step in determining the mineral content of cells, tissues and organs; but it is a very necessary step as by it one can compare the position and different amounts of ash in individual cells, and in different parts of tissues and organs.In 1833 Raspail, founder of chemical microscopy, showed that me original appearance of even the finest detail is represented in the ashes.The present paper describes the electric furnace originated by the histologist Policard, explains the method of preparation and sectioning objects for incineration, and finally the process itself. The microscopic outfit needed for the study is also described. This consists of an ordinary microscope with an Abbe or aplanatic substage condenser with central dark-stops, of 10, 15 and 20 mm., for the different objectives. These range from 16 mm. to oil immersions, the powers above 16 mm. having iris diaphragms to reduce the aperture a ...
The efficiency of self-citations in economics

Are prior self-citations an effective input in increasing a subsequent article's citation count? Examination of 418 articles in eight economics journals found that, after controlling for article length, journal and author quality, lead article position, and coauthorship, an author's prior stock of self-citations is not statistically related to a subsequent article's total citation count or the quality of the journals in which those citations appear. Self-citations that appear in prestigious high-impact economics journals have a statistically positive, but numerically small, effect on a subsequent article's total citation count and on the quality of the citing journal. The productive effect of a prior self-citation is inversely related to its age. Prior self-citations of the second author listed in a collaborative article have no significant effect on a subsequent article's total citation count or the quality of the economics journals in which those citations appear.
Characterizing the noncellulosics in developing cotton fibers

Surface wetting measurements and several analytical techniques including FTIR/ATR, DSC, TGA, and pyrolysis-GC/MS are used to characterize the noncellulosic components of developing cotton fibers as...
Thymoglobulin induction is safe and effective in live-donor renal transplantation: a single center experience.

BACKGROUND The relative benefit versus safety of induction therapy in live-donor renal transplant recipients is controversial. This paper presents observational data of live-donor recipients who received Thymoglobulin induction and standard maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS Review and analysis of clinic records and electronic databases of live-donor renal transplants that received Thymoglobulin induction from May 1996 through 2003. RESULTS Data analysis included 214 live-donor recipients (146 related, 68 unrelated) with a mean follow-up of 3.0+/-1.9 years. The average age of recipients was 44+/-13 years, with a majority being Caucasian (86%) and male (64%). Nineteen (9%) received previous transplants. No patients experienced delayed graft function and 10 (5%) developed acute rejection. Overall, predicted five-year patient survival was 96% and graft survival was 82%. The rates of CMV infection (5%), malignancy (3%), and lymphoproliferative disorder (0.5%) were low. When compared to live-donor kidney transplant recipients nationwide, the center cohort demonstrated improved five year patient (96% center versus 90% national, P=0.0326) and graft survival (82% center versus 79% national, P=0.0901), and a lower one-year acute rejection rate (2% center versus 21 % national, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, the use of Thymoglobulin in live-donor renal transplantation was associated with an absence of delayed graft function, low acute rejection rates, and high patient and graft survival without increasing the risk of infection or lymphoproliferative disorder.
Diced Cartilage Augmentation: Early Experience With the Tasman Technique

Numerous methods have been used for dorsal augmentation in reconstructive and aesthetic rhinoplasty. The Tasman technique is a method for dorsal augmentation using diced cartilage solidified by tissue sealant. This article describes the author's early experience using the Tasman technique and offers some helpful suggestions to surgeons who might wish to use this unique method of preparing a cartilaginous graft.
Characterization of anti-clathrin serum.

Coated vesicles (CVs), membrane bilayers enclosed by polygonal protein lattices, are ubiquitous cellular organelles which are involved in a variety of membrane transfer processes [l-S]. Recently, Pearse has isolated CVs from several different mammalian tissues [6,7]. They contain a major protein component, clathrin, a mol. wt 180 000 polypeptide which composes the protein coat of the CV and which makes up about 70% of the total CV protein [7,8]. Two other proteins with polypeptide mol. wt 100 000 and 55 000 are associated with the CV membrane, and each comprises -10% total CV protein [9]. Efforts to produce an anti-clathrin serum by repeated injections of either calf brain CVs or SDS-denatured clathrin purified electrophoretically on SDS-polyacrylamide gels failed to produce any detectable antibodies. We have recently found that urea-denatured clathrin, fixed with glutaraldehyde, serves as a suitable antigen for production of an antibody which reacts with clathrin and CVs in a number of immunochemical assays.
Targeted overexpression of the Escherichia coli MinC protein in higher plants results in abnormal chloroplasts

Higher plant chloroplast division involves some of the same types of proteins that are required in prokaryotic cell division. These include two of the three Min proteins, MinD and MinE, encoded by the min operon in bacteria. Noticeably absent from annotated sequences from higher plants is a MinC homologue. A higher plant functional MinC homologue that would interfere with FtsZ polymerization, has yet to be identified. We sought to determine whether expression of the bacterial MinC in higher plants could affect chloroplast division. The Escherichia coli minC (EcMinC) gene was isolated and inserted behind the Arabidopsis thaliana RbcS transit peptide sequence for chloroplast targeting. This TP-EcMinC gene driven by the CaMV 35S2 constitutive promoter was then transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Abnormally large chloroplasts were observed in the transgenic plants suggesting that overexpression of the E. coli MinC perturbed higher plant chloroplast division.
Bayesian adaptive nearest neighbor

The k nearest neighbor classification (k-NN) is a very simple and popular method for classification. However, it suffers from a major drawback, it assumes constant local class posterior probability. It is also highly dependent on and sensitive to the choice of the number of neighbors k. In addition, it severely lacks the desired probabilistic formulation. In this article, we propose a Bayesian adaptive nearest neighbor method (BANN) that can adaptively select the shape of the neighborhood and the number of neighbors k. The shape of the neighborhood is automatically selected according to the concentration of the data around each query point with the help of discriminants. The neighborhood size is not predetermined and is kept free using a prior distribution. Thus, we are able to make the model to select the appropriate neighborhood size. The model is fitted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), so we are not using exactly one neighborhood size but a mixture of k. Our BANN model is highly flexible, determining any local pattern in the data-generating process, and adapting it to give an improved prediction. We have applied our model on four simulated data sets with special structures and five real-life benchmark data sets. Our proposed BANN method demonstrates substantial improvement over k-NN and discriminant adaptive nearest neighbor (DANN) in all nine case studies. It also outperforms the probabilistic nearest neighbor (PNN) in most of the data analyses. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 92-105, 2010