cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression, Help-Seeking and Self-Recognition of Depression among Dominican, Ecuadorian and Colombian Immigrant Primary Care Patients in the Northeastern United States

Latinos, the largest minority group in the United States, experience mental health disparities, which include decreased access to care, lower quality of care and diminished treatment engagement. The purpose of this cross-sectional study of 177 Latino immigrants in primary care is to identify demographic factors, attitudes and beliefs, such as stigma, perceived stress, and ethnic identity that are associated with depression, help-seeking and self-recognition of depression. Results indicated that 45 participants (25%) had depression by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) criteria. Factors most likely to be associated with depression were: poverty; difficulty in functioning; greater somatic symptoms, perceived stress and stigma; number of chronic illnesses; and poor or fair self-rated mental health. Fifty-four people endorsed help-seeking. Factors associated with help-seeking were: female gender, difficulty in functioning, greater somatic symptoms, severity of depression, having someone else tell you that you have an emotional problem, and poor or fair self-rated mental health. Factors most likely to be associated with self-recognition were the same, but also included greater perceived stress. This manuscript contributes to the literature by examining attitudinal factors that may be associated with depression, help-seeking and self-recognition among subethnic groups of Latinos that are underrepresented in research studies.
Effects of Passive Intensity on Aggregate Price Dynamics

We find that passive intensity (PI), measured by the passive-linked share of total stock market trading volume, is strongly related to the overall pattern of stock price movements. A one-standard-deviation increase in PI is associated with an 8% higher price synchronicity. We further investigate the channels through which this relation is established by separately analyzing its impact on aggregate systematic and idiosyncratic volatility of stock returns. PI has a positive effect on systematic volatility and a negative impact on firm-specific volatility. Consistent with the effect of passive trading on price dynamics, we find evidence that PI is negatively associated with mutual funds alpha dissimilarity. After controlling for market and idiosyncratic volatility, a one-standard-deviation increase in PI corresponds to a 0.20% decrease in fund dissimilarity. Our findings are robust after controlling for various macro and corporate factors known to affect systematic or firm-specific volatility.
Cross sections for K-shell ionization by 1H, 2H, 3He, and 4He ion impact

Abstract Cross section for K-shell ionization derived from experimental measurements with the light ions 1H, 2H, 3He, and 4He are tabulated according to projectile energy and target atomic number.
A note on aperiodicity condition for linear discrete systems

In this note conditions for the roots of a real polynomial to lie in the segment [0, 1), i.e., aperiodicity condition is obtained. The conditions obtained are based on a nonlinear transformation which transforms the segment [0, 1) onto the periphery of the unit circle. The results of this note correct the earlier proposed corollary obtained by Szaraniec using this transformation and present a test for verifying the aperiodicity condition.
The United States Book Exchange

Serials Review visits the United States Book Exchange in Cleveland, Ohio. The staff of this nonprofit organization supplies back issues to over 2,000 member libraries in addition to nonmember libraries in the United States and the world. The tour will examine how this exchange is organized and how electronic access to journal literature has changed its emphasis. Serials Review 29:318–320.
Introduction: Bodily Transformations Across Indian Religions

The three articles included in this collection are diverse in nature as detailed explorations of the distinctive traditions of Hindu bhakti (Karen Pechilis' article), Hindu Tantra (Lorillai Biernacki's article), and Indian Islam (Carla Bellamy's article). In the Indian context these traditions each have their own sacred texts, beliefs, and practices; yet, at the same time, there is considerable interaction and mutual influence among them. As Selva Raj has cogently argued with respect to Indian religions in a paper presented at the Drew University Interfaith Forum, in the Indian milieu religious traditions have an impetus to maintain difference on the level of ecclesiastical or orthodox institutional authority, yet there are considerable opportunities for "popular inculturation" on the level of practice, especially through pilgrimage, life-cycle ceremonies, and devotional exercises.1 Significantly, these popular practices foreground the body. The traditions discussed in this volume share these popular categories of religious practice and their attention to bodily
Computer-Assisted rescreening of clinically important false negative cervical smears using the papnet testing system

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the PAPNET Testing System and its ability to detect significant areas on clinically important false negative gynecologic smears. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-two gynecologic smears that had been obtained from women studied in a previous case-control investigation, completed in 1987, and had originally been interpreted as negative were rescreened by two independent, blind cytotechnologist-cytopathologist teams. Twenty-nine of these negative smears were from 19 women who had been subsequently diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and had self-reported a history of only negative gynecologic smears. Thirty-three smears were from 33 control women who did not develop cervical cancer. One team, at the University of Southern California (USC), manually rescreened the smears as part of the original study. The other team, at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), recently used the PAPNET Testing System to rescreen the same smears. This computer-assisted system utilizes neural network technology to recognize and select potentially abnormal cell scenes on a conventionally prepared gynecologic smear. The PAPNET-selected scenes are displayed for review by trained cytologists, who ultimately diagnose the smear. RESULTS: Manual reevaluation of the smears by the USC team in 1987 resulted in the reclassification of 9 of the 29 case smears (31%) and 2 of 33 control smears (6%) as class II to V (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance to invasive carcinoma). Using the PAPNET System to scan and review the same smears, the cytotechnologist at UCLA referred 24 case smears to the cytopathologist, who ultimately reclassified 12 of the 29 case smears (41%) and 5 of the 33 control smears (15%) as abnormal. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of the PAPNET System as an effective, routine rescreener for the detection of clinically significant false negative gynecologic smears.
ON THE THEORY OF QUANTUM OSCILLATONS OF THE ELASTIC MODULI IN LAYERED CONDUCTORS

In this paper we study theoretically how the local geometry of the Fermi surface (FS) of a layered conductor can affect quantum oscillations in the thermodynamic observables. We introduce a concrete model of the FS of a layered conductor. The model permits us to analyze the characteristic features of quantum oscillatory phenomena in these materials which occur due to local anomalies of the Gaussian curvature of the FS. Our analysis takes into account strong interaction among quasiparticles and we study the effect of this interaction within the framework of Fermi–liquid theory. We show that singularities in the density of states of quasiparticles (DOS) on the FS which occur at low temperatures near the peaks of its oscillations in a strong magnetic field can be significantly strengthened when the FS of the layered conductor is locally flattened. This can lead to magnetic and lattice instabilities of a special kind which are considered in the final part of the work.
Effect of coal-derived-liquid solvent on the hydrogenation and restrictive diffusion of nickel porphyrins

Abstract Hydrogenation of nickel porphyrins was carried out at 335°C and 50 atm hydrogen pressure with two Ni-Mo/alumina catalysts of different pore sizes. Solvents employed were a triple-hydrotreated coal-derived-liquid and four pure hydrocarbons (n-decane, decalin, tetralin, and mesitylene). Reaction rates in the hydrotreated coal-derived-liquid solvent were higher than those in pure solvents with higher hydrogen solubilities. The results were attributed to the greater hydrogen-donor ability of the hydrotreated coal-derived-liquid solvent. Reaction rates of different catalyst particle sizes were used to calculate effective diffusivities under processing conditions. Reactivity was significantly affected by catalyst deactivation via coke buildup at catalyst pore mouths. Accounting for this additional diffusional constraint, restrictive diffusion in the coal-liquid solvent under processing conditions was found to be in reasonable agreement with approximate hydrodynamic theory for non-reactive conditions.
The control of air flow during loud soprano singing

Summary Previous research on the special characteristics of the professional singing voice has at least partially explained how singers can commonly use much higher lung pressures than nonsingers without vocal damage or excessive air flow during the voiced sounds. In this study, the control of air flow during the unvoiced consonants is examined for an operatic-style soprano. It was found that this singer could maintain a low average air flow during the consonants even though the lung pressure reached values over five times those used during normal conversational speech. The air flow was kept low primarily by the use of a number of mechanisms involving rapid, accurate, coordinated valving of the air flow at the point of articulation and at the glottis.
Inhibition of abnormal T cell development and autoimmunity in gld mice by transgenic T cell receptor β chain

Mice homozygous for the gld (generalized lymphoproliferative disease) mutation developed systemic autoimmune disease and severe lymphadenopathy due to an age-related accumulation in the peripheral lymphoid organs of polyclonal T cells bearing a unique phenotype (CD4-CD8-TCR alpha beta+B220+). These T cells overexpress T cell receptor (TcR) alpha beta chain RNA, proto-oncogenes c-myb and fyn, and proliferate poorly in response to TcR-mediated stimulation. The origin of these T cells is poorly understood. To study the influence of a functionally rearranged TcR beta chain on the T cell developmental abnormality of the gld mutation and autoimmunity, we have backcrossed TcR V beta 8.1-transgenic mice to C3H-gld/gld to homozygosity (transgenic gld mice). In transgenic gld mice, lymphadenopathy was markedly inhibited and the accumulation of CD4-CD8- T cells did not occur, although the remaining T cells overexpressed c-myb and proliferated poorly in response to TcR occupancy. These features indicate that the pattern of proto-oncogene expression and abnormal function persist in phenotypically normal T cells in transgenic gld mice, and that these characteristics can be dissociated from the accumulation of CD4-CD8- T cells. The hypergammaglobulinemia and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody production was partially improved in transgenic gld mice, supporting the critical role of T cells in abnormal B cell activation described in autoimmunity-prone mice. To investigate further the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of CD4-CD8- T cell accumulation in transgenic gld mice, the fetal ontogeny of T cells in transgenic mice was compared with that of non-transgenic mice. In transgenic thymus, development of TcR alpha beta+ cells was accelerated as detected by earlier expression of CD4, CD8 and TcR in fetal thymus. In contrast, the number of TcR gamma delta+ cells was reduced. We suggest that altered T cell development in transgenic mice directly or indirectly inhibits the accumulation of abnormal T cells in gld mice.
Resonant capacitance-inductance transfer using the ratio transformer

The application of resonance techniques to the ratio transformer bridge is described. The capacitance-to-inductance transfer thus achieved makes it possible to refer all audio-frequency reactance standards to one group of standard capacitors. Basic theory and alternate bridge balancing techniques are discussed. Significant sources of error are analyzed, and praceical numerical limits given. Experimental results are correlated with National Bureau of Standards (NBS) measurements. These results show a series resonance transfer accuracy better than 50 parts per million.
RELATION OF SPECIFIC DYNAMIC ACTION (SDA) TO WEIGHT GAIN IN NORMAL AND MALNOURISHED RATS

In two independent studies of infants recovering from malnutrition Krieger et al. (J.Ped.1969) showed a positive linear correlation between SDA and weight gain and lack of a correlation with nitrogen (N) intake, while Ashworth (Nature 1969), noting also a correlation with weight gain, called for a “new concept of SDA.” It is not known whether during growth normal individuals show the same relationships. In this study malnourished rats had metabolic rate measurements 4 and 17 hours after food removal. The difference was 3.9% during growth arrest at 5 weeks, but 20.0 and 28.7% during growth recovery at 7 and 14 weeks, suggesting that the mechanism is the same as in human infants with malnutrition. Measurements were therefore conducted in 39 normal 4 to 36 week rats. The metabolic rate, 4 hours after food removal, rose from 15.6 to 45.1 kcal/day at 10-13 weeks, and then declined to 38.5 kcal/day at 32-36 weeks. The difference between the 4 and 17 hour values, which can be attributed to SDA, was determined in 21 rats. It was 28.8% in 5-15 week old rats who gained 5.2 g/day and 1.1% at 24-36 weeks when weight gain had ceased. CONCLUSION: SDA reflects energy requiring anabolic processes in normal and malnourished rats. Similar observations in malnourished human infants thus do not represent an abnormal phenomenon of catch-up growth. These findings are not incompatible with the correlation between SDA and N-intake known to exist in adults who are in N-balance. A new concept of SDA is indeed necessary.
A comparison of responses by clinic and normal adults to Rorschach card 3. Human figure area.

Abstract This study is an attempt to determine the meaningfulness of utilizing the human figure areas of Rorschach card III as an index of sexual identification. The results revealed that for a female to see a male or no human at all is almost pathognomonic of emotional disturbance. For males the results are not as clear except that there is a tendency for normal males to report seeing more females than males. It is concluded that the validity of card III as an index of sexual identification is still not clearly established.
Effect of Intra-Medullar and Intra-Venous Infusions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cell Engraftment by In-Vivo Cell Tracking and Osteoinductivity in Rabbit Long Bones: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Stem cell therapy can be an efficacious treatment option for bone fragility disorders (eg, osteogenesis imperfecta, disuse osteopenia, and osteoporosis), and successful cell therapy application may be dependent on optimal cell engraftment in target bones. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of intra-medullar and intra-venous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to improve cell engraftment rate, bone mineral density, and micro-architecture. Methods: By using six healthy juvenile New Zealand White rabbits, MSC were isolated from cancellous bone harvests and confirmed to have osteogenic capacity by inducing ectopic bone formation. The MSC were cultured, transduced by foamy viral vectors with marker genes for in vivo cell tracking, and expanded. All rabbits had one randomly selected limb receive intra-medullar infusion of 3×107 to 1×108 autologous MSC in the distal femur or the distal femur and proximal tibia. Two of six rabbits also received an intra-venous MSC infusion. At 28 days, MSC bone engraftment was assessed by PCR and the bone density and microstructure assessed by computed tomography and histomorphometry. Results: The intra-medullar-infused MSC were detected in epiphysis or diaphysis of the distal femurs and/or proximal tibiae. Infused MSC comprised 0.01 to 0.3% of all cells in the bone tissues. The intra-venous-infused MSC were not detected in any location. Neither intra-medullar nor intra-venous MSC infusion altered bone volume, bone mineral density, or cortical bone porosity/thickness. Systemic biodistribution of intra-medullar-infused MSC was not evident. Conclusions: Our results indicated that intra-medullar infusion can be an effective cell delivery route for stem cell therapy potentially for orthopedic disorders, in preference to systemic administration. Further research is warranted to demonstrate an efficacy of intra-medullar MSC infusion on bone density and micro-architecture using animal models of bone disorders.
Research in pregnancy and mental illness: testing old wives' hypotheses

Methodological challenges encountered in evaluating the relationships between life stress, mental illness and pregnancy outcome are identified and several studies on the relationships between pregnancy and childbirth and psychosocial factors, including life stresses, major psychiatric disorders, and puerperal depression, are reviewed. Certain methodological pitfalls are illustrated by showing how relationships between psychiatric diagnosis, severity of psychiatric symptomatology, life stresses, strains specific to the pregnancy, amount of intervention received and outcome of keeping or losing the infant have been explored. Five stages of research are identified and particular difficulties encountered at each stage are described with application to the authors' longitudinal study.ZusammenfassungMethodologische Herausforderungen, auf die man bei der Bewertung des Verhaltnisses zwischen Streβ, Geisteskrankheit und dem Ausgang der Schwangerschaft sties, werden identifiziert und mehrere Studien bezuglich des V...
Prospective, randomized trial of retrograde warm blood cardioplegia: myocardial benefit and neurologic threat.

From March 1991 through July 1992, 1,001 patients having elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to receive either continuous warm (> or = 35 degrees C) blood cardioplegia with systemic normothermia (> or = 35 degrees C) or intermittent cold ( or = 3 in-hospital days) stroke (warm, 5 patients, and cold, 1 patient). All patients experiencing a stroke had a persistent neurologic deficit at the time of discharge. Encephalopathy resolved completely in all instances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Apixaban reduced VTE and did not increase major bleeding compared with enoxaparin in hip replacement

Source Citation Lassen MR, Gallus A, Raskob GE, et al. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip replacement. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2487-98. 21175312
Stuttering: neuropsychiatric features measured by content analysis of speech and the effect of risperidone on stuttering severity.

Abstract Positron-emission tomographic (PET) studies and genetic research of stuttering have recently revealed underlying cerebral neurobiologic contributing factors in this disorder. We aimed to assess whether cognitive impairment and other neuropsychiatric dimensions could be detected through computerized content analysis of short samples of speech from stutterers, and whether administration of risperidone in a double-blind placebo-controlled study could decrease the severity of stuttering, as well as any of the neuropsychiatric features of these stutterers. A group of 21 stutterers with the developmental form of stuttering, an onset before age of 6 years, aged 20 to 74 years, and who were otherwise free of major medical or psychiatric problems, initially gave a 5-minute tape-recorded speech sample in response to purposely ambiguous instructions to talk about any interesting or dramatic life experiences. Then, half of these subjects (n = 10) were randomly selected to receive 6 weeks of risperidone treatment up to 2.0 mg/d and the other half (n = 11) were administered a placebo. Both groups of subjects gave a second verbal sample after 6 weeks of treatment. Significantly elevated cognitive impairment and social alienation-personal disorganization scores, derived from the computerized content of the initial 5-minute speech samples, were found. After 6 weeks, the risperidone group improved significantly on a measure of severity of stuttering but did not improve on the percentage of time spent stuttering. The placebo group did not improve on either measure of stuttering. The psychopathological processes of subjects who received risperidone treatment, including those with elevated cognitive impairment and social alienation-personal disorganization, did not change significantly. However, stutterers who had lower scores on verbal content analysis-derived shame anxiety, guilt anxiety, or hostility inward measures improved significantly more with risperidone than stutterers with higher scores on these measures. The findings of elevated cognitive impairment and social alienation-personal disorganization scores of adult stutterers with the early developmental form of stuttering are consistent with the neurobiologic abnormalities found in PET scan and genetic research involving stutterers. Risperidone (≤2.0 mg/d) can reduce the severity of stuttering while not significantly affecting the magnitude of neuropsychiatric dimensions such as cognitive impairment or social alienation-personal disorganization. The less the inward shame, guilt, or hostility of the stutterers, the better the beneficial effect of risperidone on the severity of stuttering.
The Gendered Double Standard of Aging in US Marriage Markets

Using data on marriages collected in most US states between 1970 and 1988, we show that the older men are when they marry, the more years senior to their brides they are, whether it is a first or higher-order marriage. While older men with more education marry down in age slightly more than less educated older men, the pattern of men marrying further down if they marry later holds strongly for all education groups. We consider several possible explanations for the tendency of men to marry further down in age if they are older at marriage. While we have no direct measure of physical attractiveness, we argue that the most compelling interpretation is that men, more than women, evaluate potential spouses on the basis of appearance. Because the prevailing standard of beauty favors young women, the older men are when they marry, the less they find women their own age attractive relative to younger women, leading them to marry further down in age if they are older at marriage. The consequence for women of men's preference for youth is more often that they remain unmarried than that they end up married to much older or less educated men.
A Better Prognosis for Obese Men with Prostate Cancer

AbstractPurpose: The possibility was investigated whether obesity is associated with a favorable prognosis in men with nonstage A prostatic cancer independent of other risk factors.Materials and Methods: A total of 235 men with nonstage A prostatic cancer diagnosed between 1983 and 1990 at a community hospital was evaluated by tumor grade and stage, degree of obesity, smoking habits, age, year of diagnosis and survival.Results: In comparison to tumors of less obese men those in men who were at least 10 percent overweight were more often stage B or C than D (odds ratio 2.3, 95 percent confidence interval 1.4 to 4.9). Smoking abstinence, patient age older than 70 years and low Gleason scores were also independently associated with less advanced tumors. The lower frequency of advanced stage tumors among those of obese men was most prominent for stage D2 disease in nonsmokers, progressively decreasing from 24 percent of 29 nonsmokers who had been underweight for many years before diagnosis to 8 percent of 24 ...
Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the mechanism of oxidation of boron and aluminum monohalides

Abstract The mechanisms of BF, BCl, AlF and AlCl reacting with 3O2 have been investigated by ab initio molecular orbital methods at the PMP4/6–31G∗ and G2 levels of theory. The BX + 3O2 reactions proceed via an XBOO intermediate that can dissociate to give XBO + 3O, which can react further to yield BO2 + X. At the G2 level of theory, the initial barrier for BCl + 3O2 is 8.5 kcal/mol and for BF + 3O2 is 12.4 kcal/mol. These compare very favorably with the experimental barriers of 6.5 and 12 kcal/mol, obtained by fitting model transition states to the observed rate data. For AlX + 3O2, the barrier for XAlOO → XAlO + 3 O is much higher than the barrier for decomposition back to reactants, and the reaction may proceed by a different mechanism.
Nixon An Oliver Stone Film

This is the companion book to the Hollywood film, "Nixon". It includes the annotated screenplay, an interview with Oliver Stone, essays by prominent figures associated with Nixon and Watergate, previously classified memos and documents from the Nixon White House, and transcripts of Nixon's taped conversations in the Oval Office. Oliver Stone is the director, producer and co-author of "Nixon".
Singing “The Baby Blues”: A Content Analysis of Popular Press Articles About Postpartum Affective Disturbances

A content analysis was conducted to evaluate the description of postpartum mood disturbances in magazine articles that appeared during the years 1980-1998. Nineteen articles about postpartum depression and eight articles about "the baby blues" were identified and analyzed for their discussion of etiologies, symptoms, treatments, resources, and demographic assumptions about their readers. The results indicate a strong bias in favor of the medical model of postpartum affective disorders. The articles contained contradictory information about the definition, prevalence, onset, duration, symptoms, and treatment of postpartum disorders, and the authors generally assumed that their readers were heterosexual, married, and middle class. Although the purpose of the articles was to educate readers about an important topic in women's health, they failed to provide accurate information, and thus are not a sufficient resource for new mothers who are seeking to learn about psychosocial aspects of the postpartum period.
Toward Developing a Framework for Measuring the Business Value of Corporate Community Involvement

Business today is a key player in addressing social and environmental challenges. Every year companies contribute significant resources—cash, in-kind donations and employee volunteers—to non-profit organizations and community support initiatives. This support is critical for community development. Yet many companies have a limited understanding of the value their initiatives add to the community or to their business. In most cases they measure inputs and outputs but not actual impacts. Measuring and communicating the business value of community-focused programs, however, is critical to maintaining funding for such programs in downturns such as the recession of 2007–2009. This article provides critical analysis of existing efforts to measure the business value of corporate community involvement programs and offers guidance for developing indicators of business impact. Building on lessons learned, it identifies key criteria and makes recommendations for the development of an effective measurement framework and indicators. The article concludes with a discussion on how such a framework can lead to social change.
SCREENING FOR DISTANT METASTASES IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS

The search for distant metastases in head and neck cancer patients, at the time of initial presentation and evaluation, is justified in order not to subject a patient to radical local therapy if cure cannot be attained. This study reviews 897 consecutive cases of squamous carcinoma of the larynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx and oral cavity, presenting to the Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. One hundred and twenty-one patients presented with advanced disease or other factors that suggested distant metastases were highly likely to be present. These patients underwent extensive metastatic work-up, consisting of biochemical profiles, liver scan, bone scan and chest X-ray. The value of this extensive evaluation is assessed in terms of the patient-derived benefit, rather than the traditional incidence of metastases and predictive accuracy. Evidence of metastases was identified in 15 patients (12.4%) of this high risk group, but were of significance in the selection of appropriate therapy in only three patients (2.5%). Due to shortcomings in the investigative modalities currently in use and difficulties in their interpretation, erroneous therapeutic decisions were made in two of these three cases. In view of this low positive yield, the rationale between routine screening in head and neck cancer is discussed with its effect on therapeutic decisions.
A Structural Model for Temporal Passage

L'A. cherche a demontrer l'echec des theories traditionnelles du temps A et B a satisfaire le critere fondamental d'adequation. Il tente d' esquisser une conception plus coherente non seulement pour l'adaptation mais aussi pour l'explication des impressions temporelles
Effect of trifluoperazine on toxicity, HIF-1α induction and hepatocyte regeneration in acetaminophen toxicity in mice

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) are important mechanisms in acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity. The MPT inhibitor trifluoperazine (TFP) reduced MPT, oxidative stress, and toxicity in freshly isolated hepatocytes treated with APAP. Since hypoxia inducible factor-one alpha (HIF-1α) is induced very early in APAP toxicity, a role for oxidative stress in the induction has been postulated. In the present study, the effect of TFP on toxicity and HIF-1α induction in B6C3F1 male mice treated with APAP was examined. Mice received TFP (10mg/kg, oral gavage) prior to APAP (200mg/kg IP) and at 7 and 36h after APAP. Measures of metabolism (hepatic glutathione and APAP protein adducts) were comparable in the two groups of mice. Toxicity was decreased in the APAP/TFP mice at 2, 4, and 8h, compared to the APAP mice. At 24 and 48h, there were no significant differences in toxicity between the two groups. TFP lowered HIF-1α induction but also reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of hepatocyte regeneration. TFP can also inhibit phospholipase A(2), and cytosolic and secretory PLA(2) activity levels were reduced in the APAP/TFP mice compared to the APAP mice. TFP also lowered prostaglandin E(2) expression, a known mechanism of cytoprotection. In summary, the MPT inhibitor TFP delayed the onset of toxicity and lowered HIF-1α induction in APAP treated mice. TFP also reduced PGE(2) expression and hepatocyte regeneration, likely through a mechanism involving PLA(2).
Mechanism of Fiber Assembly: Treatment of Aβ Peptide Aggregation with a Coarse-Grained United-Residue Force Field

Abstract The growth mechanism of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide fibrils was studied by a physics-based coarse-grained united-residue model and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To identify the mechanism of monomer addition to an Aβ1–40 fibril, we placed an unstructured monomer at a distance of 20 A from a fibril template and allowed it to interact freely with the latter. The monomer was not biased towards fibril conformation by either the force field or the MD algorithm. With the use of a coarse-grained model with replica-exchange molecular dynamics, a longer timescale was accessible, making it possible to observe how the monomers probe different binding modes during their search for the fibril conformation. Although different assembly pathways were seen, they all follow a dock-lock mechanism with two distinct locking stages, consistent with experimental data on fibril elongation. Whereas these experiments have not been able to characterize the conformations populating the different stages, we have been able to describe these different stages explicitly by following free monomers as they dock onto a fibril template and to adopt the fibril conformation (i.e., we describe fibril elongation step by step at the molecular level). During the first stage of the assembly (“docking”), the monomer tries different conformations. After docking, the monomer is locked into the fibril through two different locking stages. In the first stage, the monomer forms hydrogen bonds with the fibril template along one of the strands in a two-stranded β-hairpin; in the second stage, hydrogen bonds are formed along the second strand, locking the monomer into the fibril structure. The data reveal a free-energy barrier separating the two locking stages. The importance of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds in the stability of the Aβ fibril structure was examined by carrying out additional canonical MD simulations of oligomers with different numbers of chains (4–16 chains), with the fibril structure as the initial conformation. The data confirm that the structures are stabilized largely by hydrophobic interactions and show that intermolecular hydrogen bonds are highly stable and contribute to the stability of the oligomers as well.
ACTS Aeronautical Experiments

This paper discusses a series of aeronautical experiments that utilize the advanced communication technology satellite (ACTS). As part of the ongoing effort to investigate commercial applications of ACTS technologies, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and various industry/government partners have developed a series of experiments that utilize the ACTS mobile terminal (AMT) and the broadband aeronautical terminal to investigate aeronautical uses of the ACTS. This paper discusses these experiments including the experiment configurations, technologies, results and future implications.
Solubility of 9-Fluorenone in Organic Nonelectrolyte Solvents: Comparison of Observed Versus Predicted Values Based Upon Mobile Order Theory

Experimental solubilities are reported at 25.0°C for 9-fluorenone dissolved in 40 different organic nonelectrolyte solvents containing ether-, chloro-, hydroxy-, cyano and t -butyl-functional groups. Results of these measurements are used to test the applications and limitations of expressions derived from Mobile Order theory. For the 29 solvents for which predictions could be made, computations show that Mobile Order theory does provide fairly reasonable estimates of the saturation mole fraction solubilities. Average absolute deviation between predicted and observed values is 39.3%.
Minimally invasive surgery does not improve the outcome in a model of retroperitoneal murine neuroblastoma

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for cancer patients has become widely accepted in general surgery, however, it has not completely replaced the standard open operative procedures in pediatric oncology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the host relationship following MIS in a murine model of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma (NB) Immature, 5- to 7-week-old male A/J mice weighing 18-23 g were inoculated with either C1300 or TBJ NB in the left retroperitoneal space. At 4 days (early stage) or 11 days (late stage) following tumor inoculation, the animals underwent a laparotomy or pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide under general inhalational anesthesia. Animal survival, tumor growth, and postoperative changes in body weight were observed. In the model of subcutaneous TBJ NB, distant metastases following the laparotomy or MIS technique were also evaluated. Each surgical group had a sample size > or = 12, and data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the chi-square test where appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. There were no significant differences in animal survival, tumor growth, or distant metastases among surgical groups in any combination of type and stage of tumor. The only salutary influence of MIS was seen in a model of early-stage NB, where the decrease in body weight on postoperative day 7 was preserved when compared to post-laparotomy weight loss. We conclude that when compared to conventional laparotomy, the MIS access technique does not influence the outcome in a model of retroperitoneal murine NB.
Optical limitations of the Maxwellian view interferometer

Le Grand's technique for producing interference fringes directly on the retina was analyzed to determine the effect of ocular chromatic aberration on fringe parameters. For monochromatic light, fringe period is largely independent of refractive index of the ocular medium and of the axial location of the interferometer relative to the eye. Lateral displacement of the interferometer, however, shifts the retinal fringes by an amount which depends on wavelength. To close approximation, the relative shift between fringes of different colors is directly proportional to the amount of lateral displacement of the instrument, with the constant of proportionality equal to the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye. The net effect is a significant loss of retinal contrast for polychromatic fringes.
Isoantigens ABO in cervical neoplasia.

Abstract Some human tissues contain antigens identical to blood group A or B isoantigens which can be detected by the mixed-cell agglutination reaction in paraffin sections even if the sections are several years old. This technique was utilized in this study to identify A or B isoantigens in 74 cases of normal cervical epithelium, 46 cases of cervical dysplasia, 32 cases of carcinoma in situ, and 16 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma. The isoantigens were uniformly demonstrated by indicator erythrocytes in normal squamous epithelium and the vessels in the stroma. Isoantigens were found to be significantly decreased in carcinoma in situ , while in cervical dysplasia the decrease in activity of isoantigens was proportional to the dedifferentiation of the epithelium. Isoantigens were absent in invasive carcinomas. These findings offer additional clinical information concerning the cell biology of premalignant and of malignant lesions of the uterine cervix.
Network pharmacodynamic models for customized cancer therapy

The design of drug dosing schedules entails the rational choice of the drug amount, the frequency of administration and the context in which the drug or drugs are used that considers the specific patient and what other drugs may be co-administered to avoid drug-drug interactions. Systematic approaches to these drug dosage design concerns have been in large part within the domain of pharmaceutical scientists that historically have relied on pharmacokinetic [PK] information, and more recently, pharmacodynamics [PD] data as well. The progression of these approaches is outlined below. The advent of personalized medicine and the explosion of genomic assays and bioinformatic tools have created a somewhat parallel domain that has led people away from PK/PD-based drug dosing designs. This may be temporary and simply reflect the newness of genomic-centric personalized medicine in which drugs predicted to be effective are identified 1. Whether or not these drugs prove to be active in an individual patient remains to be seen, yet to test those drugs without a PK or PK/PD analyses jeopardizes the likelihood of success. Personalization of drug therapy should not stop at identifying active drugs but be extended to include a pharmacological step; a process in which PK and/or PK/PD analyses are also conducted to specify drug doses, schedules and examination of drug-drug interactions. How these pharmacological approaches can be implemented is discussed below. The evolution of drug discovery and development paradigms has seen an increasing use of PK/PD-driven modeling and simulation [M&S] to the extent that it is a common component of the drug development machinery and exemplifies the learn and confirm strategy 2. This seemingly independent M&S development fits nicely into personalized medicine that is applied in late clinical trials and post-marketing analyses. Now PK/PD models and specifically network PD models [referred to as enhanced PD or ePD models] can be generated for virtual patients – for example using public databases as the TCGA (https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/) – early in drug development to predict drug performance in a population of patients with defined genomic characteristics. Whether these predictions prove valuable will require new prospective investigations but it is enticing to consider their power. Each virtual patient and associated PK/network PD model could simulate drug effects that could be used to predict both favorable and unfavorable actions. Such simulated results could be categorized by patient and tumor type to provide a drug activity/toxicity profile that could be used to decide if the drug should be moved into clinical trials, and if so, in which patients and at what doses. The convergence of PK/PD, genomic medicine and systems biology ensure a rich milieu of pharmacological research in the years ahead.
Inguinal herniation of the ureter.

A case of ureteral herniation into the inguinal canal is reported in a 6 week old boy with a solitary functioning kidney.
Abl kinase but not PI3-kinase links to the cytoskeletal defects in Bcr-Abl transformed cells.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of Abl kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) to the altered adhesive properties and cytoskeletal defects in a Bcr-Abl transformed fibroblast cell model. Materials and Methods. Two fibroblast cell lines stably transfected with Bcr-Abl were compared to their parental counterparts for alterations in their adhesive properties in an attachment assay and for abnormalities in their cytoskeletal architecture by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells then were treated with specific inhibitors of either the Abl kinase CGP57148 or the PI3-kinase LY294002 to determine whether these treatments would restore normal cytoarchitecture and adhesion. Results. Significant defects in cytoskeletal architecture were observed using this fibroblast model of Bcr-Abl expression. Specific changes include loss of stress fibers and focal adhesions, which correlated with an adhesive defect. Treatment of Bcr-Abl expressing cells with CGP57148, but not LY294002, resulted in reversion of cells to a near-normal phenotype, as assessed by immunofluorescence and attachment of Bcr-Abl transformed fibroblasts. Conclusions. Our studies demonstrate that Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase but not PI3- kinase activity is required for maintenance of cytoskeletal rearrangements resulting from Bcr-Abl expression. Further, inhibition of Abl kinase restored normal adhesive properties to the Bcr-Abl–expressing cells, demonstrating the contribution of Bcr-Abl kinase activity to abnormal cytoskeletal function.
Purification and characterization of a cytosolic cytochrome P450 from the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum

A soluble cytochrome P450 from the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was purified to homogeneity, using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with DEAE-cellulose and phenyl-Sepharose columns. This procedure resulted in a 45-fold increase in specific activity with an activity yield of 6.8%. One- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the purified enzyme was homogeneous and had a molecular mass of 45 kDa. The purified enzyme contained a heme group and had a characteristic absorption peak at 448 nm in the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum. This enzyme was a monomeric protein and catalyzed the conversion of salicylic acid to catechol in the presence of NADH or NADPH. The N-terminal amino acid sequence indicated that the Trichosporon cutaneum cytochrome P450 did not show homology to most eukaryotic cytochromes P450, but had a high degree of homology to one cytochrome P450, the nitric oxide reductase, of Fusarium oxysporum.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Bone, Joint, Soft-Tissue, and Skin Infections

The diagnosis of infections of bones, joints, skin, and soft-tissues requires the combined use of a number of laboratory and pathology tests. The diagnosis of most infections requires microbiological cultures, both for isolation and for identification of causative organisms, as well as for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Chemical analysis of joint fluids and histopathologic examination of infected tissues are often necessary to distinguish infections from other causes of inflammation, as well as to provide information as to the type of infection before the results of cultures are available. At this time, the use of molecular amplification tests is of limited value in the diagnosis of these infections, their value primarily being as adjunct tests for the diagnosis of rare or unusual infections.
Characterization of Purified Heterologous Pituitary Luteinizing Hormones by Dinitrophenylation, Digestion with Carboxypeptidase A and Hydrazinolysis1

Purified preparations of ovine, human, bovine and porcine pituitary luteinizing hormones have been characterized in terms of their response to dinitrophenylation, digestion with carboxypeptidase A and hydrazinolysis. Dinitrophenylation of ovine, bovine and porcine LH showed serine, threonine and phenylalanine to be the major amino acids detected. Serine was also found in human LH, along with high levels of valine and aspartic acid. Threonine and phenylalanine were relatively lacking in the human LH fractions studied. Carboxypeptidase A digestion released serine, and then leucine, from ovine and bovine luteinizing hormone. Serine and leucine, as well as glycine, were released rapidly from human and porcine LH, although the sequence of release was not as clear cut as with the ovine and bovine hormones. Hydrazinolysis revealed serine as a major residue in each species LH, together with suprisingly large amounts of phenylalanine. The results are interpreted as i*eflecting interesting patterns of similarity an...
Matrix metalloproteinases: multifunctional contributors to tumor progression

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular matrix degrading proteinases. Owing to their matrix-degrading abilities and high expression in advanced tumors, MMPs were originally implicated in5invasion and metastasis during cancer progression. However, recent work extends a role for MMPs during multiple stages of tumor progression to include other functions such as growth, angiogenesis and migration. Based on studies in animal models implicating MMP activity in cancer, synthetic MMP inhibitors are currently being tested in a clinical setting.
CD31+ T Cells, Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Risk

Deficits in endothelial cell repair mechanisms are thought to contribute to the aetiology of endothelial dysfunction and, subsequently, cardiovascular disease (CVD). CD31(+) T cells or so-called "angiogenic T cells" are a newly defined T cell subset that exhibit favourable vascular qualities and show a strong negative relation with atherosclerotic disease severity. Despite growing evidence that CD31(+) T cells are important for vascular homeostasis, it is currently unknown if CD31(+) T cell number and function are related to endothelial function and CVD risk in healthy adults. To address this question, we studied 24 healthy adult men (ages: 21-70). Endothelial function was assessed by the forearm blood flow (FBF) response to intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) and CVD risk was estimated by Framingham Risk Score (FRS). CD31(+) T cell number was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Magnetic-activated cell sorting was used to isolate CD31(+) T cells for Boyden chamber migration. No relation was observed between CD31(+) T cell number and FBF response to ACh or FRS. However, CD31(+) T cell migration to stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was positively correlated with FBF response to ACh (r = 0.43 for SDF-1α; r = 0.38 for VEGF; both P<0.05) and inversely related to FRS (r = -0.53 for SDF-1α; r = -0.48 for VEGF; both P<0.05). These findings demonstrate that CD31(+) T cell function, but not number, is associated with in vivo endothelial function and CVD risk in healthy adult men.