cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Patient Factors and Management Strategies on Outcomes After Transverse Posterior Cordotomy.

Objectives/hypothesis Carbon dioxide laser transverse posterior cordotomy (TPC) aims to improve airway aperture in patients with glottic obstruction. Postoperative complications may worsen airway compromise and necessitate additional interventions. We sought to identify factors impacting outcomes after TPC. Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods Medical records of patients who underwent TPC for glottic airway obstruction at a tertiary-care medical center between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed. Demographics, comorbidities, and intra- and postoperative management strategies were analyzed. Results Twenty patients who underwent TPC for glottic airway obstruction met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 57 years, and 13 patients were female. Mean follow-up time was 442 days. Seven patients had posterior glottic stenosis, and 13 had bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Twelve patients developed postoperative complications including granuloma formation (four patients), hospital readmission for dyspnea due to glottic edema (five patients), need for revision surgery (nine patients), or failure to decannulate tracheotomy (five patients). Eight patients had an uncomplicated recovery with improved dyspnea, with two patients with tracheotomies decannulated. Patients with a history of smoking tobacco were more likely to experience complications (P = .035). There were no significant differences in outcomes with respect to history of head and neck radiation or gastroesophageal reflux disease. Steroid injection at the surgical site and postoperative medications did not significantly impact outcomes. With respect to granuloma formation, none of the variables analyzed reached significance. Conclusions History of tobacco use increases complication rates after TPC. Other patient comorbidities and intra- and postoperative management strategies do not impact outcomes. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:1066-1070, 2021.
Scouts: Improving the Diagnosis Process Through Domain-customized Incident Routing

Incident routing is critical for maintaining service level objectives in the cloud: the time-to-diagnosis can increase by 10x due to mis-routings. Properly routing incidents is challenging because of the complexity of today's data center (DC) applications and their dependencies. For instance, an application running on a VM might rely on a functioning host-server, remote-storage service, and virtual and physical network components. It is hard for any one team, rule-based system, or even machine learning solution to fully learn the complexity and solve the incident routing problem. We propose a different approach using per-team Scouts. Each teams' Scout acts as its gate-keeper --- it routes relevant incidents to the team and routes-away unrelated ones. We solve the problem through a collection of these Scouts. Our PhyNet Scout alone --- currently deployed in production --- reduces the time-to-mitigation of 65% of mis-routed incidents in our dataset.
From “Angelegenheit Großdeutschlands” to “Österreichische Abende”: Programming the 1945 Salzburg Festival

Osterreichische Abende, or Austrian Evenings, were a series unique to the 1945 Salzburg Festival. These six solo recitals, five of which featured singers, highlighted Austrian musical culture by re...
Asymmetrically increased femoral version with high prevalence of moderate and severe femoral anteversion in unilateral Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

Abstract Purpose To determine and stratify femoral version in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), and to compare the femoral version between the LCPD hip and the contralateral unaffected hip. Method...
Kafka's “Elf Söhne“: A Further Dimension

Kafka's “Elf Sohne” has often been considered a listing of eleven stories he was working on in 1917. However, the eleven sons may also be seen as the eleven surviving sons of Jacob (before the arrival of Benjamin or after the loss of Joseph). Another listing in Kafka's Judaic background is that of the four sons in the Haggadah (the Passover narrative) and similarities are evident here. This amplifies the possibilities of interpretation for this simple story without precluding Kafka's own explanation.
Social Dominance: “They're Just Too Lazy to Work”: Discrimination in the Labor Market

Because the nature of one's work is strongly tied to one's general perceived worth in society, work will also be an important determinant of one's general well-being and social status. By institutionalizing the differential allocation of various kinds of jobs to different social groups, societies create and maintain group-based social dominance. In this chapter we examine evidence concerning the second arc in the circle of oppression, employment discrimination. In addition to arguing that disparate outcomes in employment are a major cause of group dominance, this review will enable us to test certain key theoretical hypotheses. First, we will test social dominance theory's (SDT's) prediction that institutional discrimination is systematically directed against women. Second, we will test SDT's prediction that discrimination against subordinate men is greater than that against subordinate women, the subordinate male target hypothesis (SMTH). Third, by surveying studies conducted across as many societies as have been systematically studied, we can then explore the robustness of gender discrimination, arbitrary-set discrimination, and the SMTH across different nations and particular dominance-subordinate relations. A secondary goal of this review is to examine possible factors that will either mitigate or exacerbate employment discrimination. In addition, this review will allow us to assess other theoretical explanations for employment discrimination, as well as to reveal where further research on employment discrimination is needed. As in the preceding chapter, we will begin this exploration with soft evidence and then progress to increasingly harder evidence of employment discrimination against members of subordinate groups.
Computational Problems and Signal Processing in SETI

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), currently being planned at NASA, will require that an enormous amount of data (on the order of 1011 distinct signal paths for a typical observation) be analyzed in real time by special-purpose hardware. Even though the SETI system design is not based on maximum entropy and Bayesian methods (partly due to the real-time processing constraint) it is expected that enough data will be saved to be able to apply these and other methods off line where computational complexity is not an overriding issue. Interesting computational problems that relate directly to the system design for processing such an enormous amount of data have emerged. Some of these problems will be discussed, along with the current status on their solution.
Optimization of Plant Root: Shoot Ratios and Internal Nitrogen Concentration

A general theoretical approach is developed to analyze the morphological and physiological responses of plants to nitrogen availability
The Interplay of Macropartisanship and Macroideology: A Time Series Analysis

Considerable research focuses on explaining trends in party identification in the American public Somewhat less attention has been devoted to trends in ideological identification, although such research has been on the increase. However, the potential relationship between macropartisanship and macroideology remains largely unexamined. We use alternative methodologies to test whether shifts in macropartisanship have occurred independently of, along with, before, or after shifts in macroideology. We examine the time series properties of the two series, which provides insight into their persistence and memory. Our framework provides a flexible approach to studying short- and long-run behavior, and the evidence is consistently at variance with the idea that there is a relationship between macroideology and macropartisanship. Thus, shifts in party identification and ideology are not driven in response to a set of common factors, nor can shifts in one partisan direction or the other be interpreted as ideologica...
Equity and Workplace Status: A Field Experiment

There can be little doubt about the existence of certain trappings of success in organizations—physical symbols (cf . Good sell, 1977 ) reflecting the organizational status of job incumbents (Steele, 1973). Indeed, previous research has confirmed that certain indicators of status demarcation (cf. Konar & Sundstrom, 1985) , such as large offices (Langdon, 1966), carpeting (Joiner, 1976) , and proximity to windows (Halloran, 1978), are recognized as rewards symbolizing one's high standing in an organizational status hierarchy. Although these environmental rewards typically are associated with relatively highstatus individuals, thereby reinforcing the social order of organizations (Edelman, 1978), there are some occasions in which the status of th e jo b incumbent and th e physical symbols associated with that status are not matched (Wineman, 1982). Such instances may be recognized as cases of status inconsistency, (cf. Stryke r & Macke, 1978) and, as such, reactions to them may be explained by equity theory (e.g., Adams, 1965; Walster , Walster, & Berscheid, 1978).
Massenspektroskopie und ihre Anwendung auf strukturelle und stereochemische Probleme, 40. Mitt.: Das Fragmentierungsverhalten von Cyclohexanol und seinen Deuterium-Analogen

Die Bildungsmechanismen der wichtigsten Fragmente von Cyclohexanol im Massenspektrometer, die fur Cycloalkanole im allgemeinen charakteristisch sind, konnten durch Markierung aller Positionen des untersuchten Molekuls mit Deuterium geklart werden.
Application of a Galerkin finite element method to atmospheric transport problems

Numerical simulation of the movement of a contaminant within the atmosphere presents difficulties due to the multidimensionality of the problem and the fact that the horizontal transport is usually convection dominated, that the boundary conditions are mixed, and that both slow and fast atmospheric chemical reactions can be important. In this study, numerical experiments using a Crank-Nicolson Galerkin finite element method to solve the time-dependent partial differential equations demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of this method for the variety of conditions encountered in atmospheric pollutant modeling. The Crank-Nicolson Galerkin method using piecewise linear, piecewise cubic Hermite polynomials, and upwind finite elements is shown to accurately model the pure convection of initial wave forms. Numerical results studying the interactions of convection, diffusion, chemical reaction, pollutant removal, and the effects of contaminant emission source strength, source location and multiple sources are also presented.
A fistula from the portal vein to the bile duct: an unusual complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

We describe a case of a portal vein bile duct fistula as a complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. The patient's course was complicated by endocarditis, hemobilia, recurrent episodes of fever, and bacteremia, followed by liver transplant. The findings of fever, bacteremia (especially with Gram-negative organisms), and a decreased hematocrit after shunt placement should raise the suspicion of an infected shunt with a possible fistula.
Adaptation of the delta-m and δ-fit truncation methods to vector radiative transfer: Effect of truncation on radiative transfer accuracy

Abstract In the presence of aerosol and/or clouds, the use of appropriate truncation methods becomes indispensable for accurate but cost-efficient radiative transfer computations. Truncation methods allow the reduction of the large number (usually several hundreds) of Fourier components associated with particulate scattering functions to a more manageable number, thereby making it possible to carry out radiative transfer computations with a modest number of streams. While several truncation methods have been discussed for scalar radiative transfer, few rigorous studies have been made of truncation methods for the vector case. Here, we formally derive the vector form of Wiscombe׳s delta-m truncation method. Two main sources of error associated with delta-m truncation are identified as the delta-separation error (DSE) and the phase-truncation error (PTE). The view angles most affected by truncation error occur in the vicinity of the direction of exact backscatter. This view geometry occurs commonly in satellite based remote sensing applications, and is hence of considerable importance. In order to deal with these errors, we adapt the δ-fit approach of Hu et al. (2000) [17] to vector radiative transfer. The resulting δBGE-fit is compared with the vectorized delta-m method. For truncation at l=25 of an original phase matrix consisting of over 300 Fourier components, the use of the δBGE-fit minimizes the error due to truncation at these view angles, while practically eliminating error at other angles. We also show how truncation errors have a distorting effect on hyperspectral absorption line shapes. The choice of the δBGE-fit method over delta-m truncation minimizes errors in absorption line depths, thus affording greater accuracy for sensitive retrievals such as those of XCO2 from OCO-2 or GOSAT measurements.
The 1905 Revolution in Ufa: Mass Politics, Elections, and Nationality

Shortly after Tsar Nicholas II issued his Manifesto of 17 October 1905, granting his subjects freedom of speech, assembly, and conscience and promising them personal inviolablity and a new state Duma, Ufa Governor Boleslav Tsekhanovetskii gave permission for a public demonstration.' The large crowd that turned out on 19 October made a striking impression. Eight to ten thousand of the city's seventy-five thousand residentswhat Tsekhanovetskii called "nearly the entire city"-were present in Ufa's Ushakovskii Park out of curiosity at this "extraordinary, exceptional spectacle of a new character." The crowd's diversity was as impressive as its size. Containing members of the intelligentsia, "simple people," students, women, workers, petty bureaucrats, officers, and soldiers, the crowd demonstrated the meaning of the October Manifesto to a wide variety of city residents. For the first time, the governor wrote, freedom of speech and assembly were "brought to life."2 The 1905 Revolution brought mass, participatory politics to Ufa, and to much of the rest of the empire. Concerted action by educated elites and the working population pressured the tsar into the concessions contained in the Manifesto, the provisions of which in turn gave legitimacy to an even broader political mobilization that included most of urban society. The Manifesto and the near collapse of authority in October 1905 changed the tsarist administration's exercise of political power and, simultaneously, the population's
DISCUSSION: BEHAVIORAL PROCEDURES FOR TRAINING DIRECT CARE STAFF IN FACILITIES SERVING DEPENDENT POPULATIONS

Behavioral training techniques of direct care staff have helped institutions serving dependent populations to progress from custodial settings to therapeutic environments. Most of the recent literature on staff training has focused on contingency management procedures, especially feedback procedures. Long-term studies of these procedures suggest that individual verbal feedback on the performance of the staff member is the best assurance of maintenance of these procedures.
Welfare dominance and the design of excise taxation in the Côte d'ivoire☆

Governments in developing countries are continuously searching for new and improved tax bases. Existing methods of taxation in these countries frequently fall short of meeting acceptable criteria of efficiency, equity and administrative ease. This paper argues that there is a compelling fiscal rationale for encouraging greater reliance on taxing the consumption of electrical and telephone (ET) services. Greater emphasis on this selective commodity tax base would contribute to the achievement of taxpayer equity and would be administratively easy to impose. In addition, the efficiency characteristics of this form of taxation may also add to the attractiveness of the ET base.
Logic with Platonism

In his ‘Logic without Ontology’1, Professor Ernest Nagel denies that logic attempts to characterize either the way men really think about the world or the real world they think about. In fact, he says, logic is normative only: it seeks to prescribe standards, not to describe the real, and therefor it lacks all ontological implications.
Electric generators: technology status

The use of generators by the military is examined. The factors determining generator size and weight for a given power rating and the generator scaling laws are discussed. Size and weight reduction is shown to be primarily a function of improvements in material properties and cooling techniques. >
Modeling Interdependence in Household Residence and Workplace Choices

Models of residential and workplace location choice prevalent in the literature often assume that one choice dimension is exogenous to the other. But a broad and uniform assumption that one choice dimension is exogenous and influences the other may be too strong to use as the foundation for current behavioral research or applied policy analysis. This paper examines the interdependence of residence and workplace choices and develops a novel approach to modeling these choice dependencies. Two problems related to such joint modeling efforts are addressed. First, through a latent market segment modeling approach, the paper offers a methodology for accommodating different sequential decisionmaking processes that may be present in the population—for example, residential location may be chosen first and may influence workplace location for one segment and vice versa. Second, the modeling approach offers a means of overcoming the exploding choice set problem when attempting to model multidimensional choice phenom...
Transitional and turbulent high-speed boundary-layers on surfaces with distributed roughness

at plates with organized roughness structures are carried out. The surface geometry is representative of ablated thermal protection systems of planetary exploration probes and is captured using a newly developed immersed boundary method coupled to a high-order nite dierence compressible ow solver. Transitional and fully turbulent conditions are considered to investigate the eect of the roughness on the characteristics of the boundary layer. We found that the evolution of small perturbations is not altered by the presence of the roughness for the height and spacing considered here. Fully turbulent cases also do not show a substantial modication, although the computational domain used was too short to observe fully developed turbulent states due to the resolution requirements.
Computation of double integrals over a triangle

Abstract Let T denote the triangle with vertices (u i , v i ) i = 1, 2, 3. The purpose of this paper is to present a family of cubature rules for approximating the double integral of f(u, v) over T. A FORTRAN implementation of the method is given.
Skimming through space

Space 2000: Meeting the Challenge of a New Era. By Harry L. Shipman. Plenum: 1987. Pp.431. $19.95.
Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera conceptual design

A design for an advanced camera (AC) third-generation Hubble Space Telescope scientific instrument is discussed. The AC is a three-channel spectrophotometric camera with wavelength sensitivity from 115-1000 nm. The AC, if selected, would be launched in 1999 for installation on HST. The axial bay design incorporates optical correction for the aberrated HST primary mirror and evolutionary advances in imaging capability.
Reply to Sinzig regarding postnatal follow-up of RICH involving the skull

Sir,We appreciate Dr. Sinzig’s interest in our report of theimaging findings of a rapidly involuting congenital heman-gioma [1]. Dr. Sinzig’s questions raise several interestingpoints about the role of the pediatric radiologist in the clinicalcare of patients, the understanding of the risks of ionizingradiation and the influence of hindsight bias on scientificanalysis.The initial evaluation with CT in this case was performedbecause CT provides the best evaluation of the effect of thetumor on the adjacent osseous structures, as well as the highestresolution of vascular features short of catheter angiography.Subsequent CT studies were performed in response to whatwere perceived to be potentially ominous clinical findings;these exams were performed as emergency studies. None oftheCTstudieswasperformedtodocumentexpectedinvolutionof the lesion. Indeed, there was considerable debate regardingthe diagnosis of RICH until the involution became apparent toall. All subsequent evaluations have been with MR imaging.ForallbutthefirstCT,apediatricradiologistwasnotconsultedabout what modality should or should not be used to urgentlyevaluatethischildwithaknownhemorrhagicintracranialmass.Dr. Sinzig’s questions reflect the perspective of one whois aware of the eventual benign evolution of this lesion. Thisis a classic demonstration of hindsight bias [2], in whichhaving knowledge of future events (the eventual benign out-come) shapes one’s perspective of past decision-making. Theclinicians who ordered the exams in this case were not at allconfident of the eventual involution ofthis large hemorrhagictumor in this small child’s brain. Any criticism of their deci-sions needs to recognize this fact.Finally, Dr. Sinzig refers to the “continuously better-known side effects of ionizing radiation, especially ininfants and children” in her letter, citing recent publications[3, 4] that document the estimated risk of radiation exposureon populations. It is important that we all recognize thedifference between estimated risk as it applies to popula-tions, and known side effects as they apply to individuals.Increased incidence of cancer in populations is not a sideeffect of performing CTin any one individual. Rather, it is atheoretical concern based upon what we know of the ioniz-ing effects of radiation exposure. It is our responsibility torecognize this concern and do what we can to minimize thetheoretical risk. We also have a responsibility to educateourselves and our patients and their families as to the relativerisks of performing or not performing diagnostic studies, sothat our decisions can be seen as justifiable and in the bestinterests of our patients, even in retrospect.References
Intranuclear Tonofilaments In Verruca Vulgaris

Electron microscopic examination of a verruca vulgaris has revealed the intranuclear inclusion of tonofibrils. Although many intracellular inclusions may be related directly to the virus, nonviral inclusions may also be present.
Ring Formation in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Nanotube rings were fabricated from straight single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with yields exceeding 50%. The rings result from the folding of nanotubes onto themselves under ultrasonic irradiation to form coils with a narrow distribution of radii (300−400 nm). A simple continuum elastic model is used to discuss the thermodynamic stability of the rings. Their formation involves a balance between tube-tube van der Waals adhesion and the strain energy resulting from the coiling-induced curvature. Our findings suggest that ring formation is a kinetically controlled process where bubble cavitation, generated by ultrasonic irradiation, provides the energy necessary to activate ring formation. The electrical conductance of the rings is measured as a function of temperature and in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. While the rings consist of bundles of many metallic and semiconducting SWNTs, they exhibit metallic behavior at low temperatures, and quantum interference effects are clearly observed.
A Unique Care Model for Pregnancies Complicated by a Fetal Anomaly: A Review of the First 5 Years

Childbearing Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program Advances in the field of prenatal ultrasonography have allowed for the identification of neonates with anomalies that will require intervention at birth. This allows health care providers and families the ability to devise delivery plans to optimize neonatal outcomes. A unit was envisioned that eliminated the need for a mother and her critically ill newborn to be in separate facilities to receive the necessary medical attention and promote the establishment of the maternal-infant bond. In 2008, the Garbose Family special delivery unit (SDU) at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia was opened. This unit enabled mothers carrying fetuses with anomalies to receive prenatal care and give birth in the same facility where their neonates would receive immediate postnatal care. This innovative program review highlights the advantages and challenges identified in the first 5 years of operation. Proposed Change Patients are referred to the SDU for outpatient evaluation and fetal therapy and receive seamless outpatient and inpatient obstetric services. The belief was that this model of care would normalize the pregnancy and birth experience for women and their families. A dedicated staff of advanced practice and registered nurses from multiple specialties collaborate on a daily basis to coordinate the care of these families. Women also have access to a multitude of ancillary and psychosocial services. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation To keep abreast of unit operations, processes, and patient needs, monthly multidisciplinary meetings are scheduled. With rapidly increasing patient referrals and volume, this structure facilitates ongoing, open communication. Each discipline, including nursing, is grounded in evidence-based practice. In this forum, conflicts, ideas, and gaps in services are addressed. For example, it was identified that our patients and their families needed additional behavioral health support to cope with the birth of a child with an anomaly. Resources were then allocated to hire a full-time psychologist for the unit. Implications for Nursing Practice This care model as well as the knowledge and expertise we have gained during the past 5 years can serve as an example for other centers that provide care to women with pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies. Nurses are at the forefront for the development and dissemination of maternal and neonatal care guidelines for this population. Nurses are central in providing holistic care and preventing the disruption of the maternal-infant bonding process.
Jets from Accreting Magnetic Young Stellar Objects. I. Comparison of Observations and High-Resolution Simulation Results

High-resolution numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a new model for the formation of jets from magnetic accreting young stellar objects (YSOs) are presented and compared with observations. The simulation results corroborate a previously laid out conceptual mechanism for forming jets, wherein the interaction of the stellar magnetosphere with a surrounding accretion disk leads to an outflow. The high resolution of the numerical simulation allows optical condensations, which form in the region close to the star to be seen. The optical condensations and the episodic behavior of the jet are effects that are inherent to the jet-launching mechanism itself. A disk wind arises as well. The simulated outflow is compared with observations, and it is shown that simulated images in the forbidden lines [S II] λλ6716+6731 have morphology consistent with recent observations of the jet source HH 30. Furthermore, velocity spectra of the simulated outflow in [S II] λλ6716+6731 and mass weighted by n clearly show a two-component outflow, in agreement with observed outflows from T Tauri stars such as DG Tauri. The mechanism produces a highly collimated fast jet and a slower disk wind. While the match between existing observations and the simulated system are not perfect (the time- and size scales of the jet differ from those in HH 30 by an order of magnitude), the morphology associated with both imagery and velocity spectra of the jet are matched well. A companion paper lays out the physics that control the timescale for knot production and defines the controlling parameters of the jet-launching mechanism in general.
Intellectual of Empire: Eric Dutton and Hegemony in British Africa

This essay examines the career of Eric Dutton in five British African colonies from 1919 to 1952, with case studies of his work in Lusaka and Zanzibar. In analyzing Dutton's career, I use a Gramscian conception of the role of intellectuals in creating colonial hegemony, against the backdrop of recent research on the relationship of geography to colonial discourse. Dutton worked and corresponded with key players in Britain's African empire. He was a major force behind early urban-planning programs in East and Central Africa and author of four geographical books. Permanently disabled by war wounds, he was also permanently infatuated with the moral rightness of British imperial culture. A concern for geography's professional relationship with, and the geographical legacy of, colonialism has emerged in recent scholarship on Africa, largely through studies of travel writing, fiction, and nineteenth- or early twentieth-century exploration geography. Later scholar-officials like Dutton sought to apply their know...
Spinal neuronal responses to urinary bladder stimulation in rats with corticosterone or aldosterone onto the amygdala.

Elevating glucocorticoids in the amygdala produces colorectal hypersensitivity through activation of lumbosacral spinal neurons. The aim of this study was to determine if descending modulation from...
A dynamic Proof of Retrievability (PoR) scheme with O(logn) complexity

Cloud storage has been gaining popularity because its elasticity and pay-as-you-go manner. However, this new type of storage model also brings security challenges. This paper studies the problem of ensuring data integrity in cloud storage. In the Proof of Retrievability (PoR) model, after outsourcing the preprocessed data to the server, the client will delete its local copies and only store a small amount of meta data. Later the client will ask the server to provide a proof that its data can be retrieved correctly. However, most of the prior PoR works apply only to static data. The existing dynamic version of PoR scheme has an efficiency problem. In this paper, we extend the static PoR scheme to dynamic scenario. That is, the client can perform update operations, e.g., insertion, deletion and modification. After each update, the client can still detect the data losses even if the server tries to hide them. We develop a new version of authenticated data structure based on a B+ tree and a merkle hash tree. We call it Cloud Merkle B+ tree (CMBT). By combining the CMBT with the BLS signature, we propose a dynamic version of PoR scheme. Compared with the existing dynamic PoR scheme, our worst case communication complexity is O(logn) instead of O(n).
Effects of multiple interacting disturbances and salvage logging on forest carbon stocks

Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency of disturbances, potentially impacting carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the implications of either multiple disturbances or post-disturbance forest management activities on ecosystem carbon stocks. This study quantified how forest carbon stocks responded to stand-replacing blowdown and wildfire, both individually and in combination with and without post-disturbance salvage operations, in a sub-boreal jack pine ecosystem. Individually, blowdown or fire caused similar decreases in live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. However, whereas blowdown increased carbon in down woody material and forest floor, fire increased carbon in standing snags, a difference that may have consequences for long-term carbon cycling patterns. Fire after the blowdown caused substantial additional reduction in ecosystem carbon stocks, suggesting that potential increases in multiple disturbance events may represent a challenge for sustaining ecosystem carbon stocks. Salvage logging, as examined here, decreased carbon stored in snags and down woody material but had no significant effect on total ecosystem carbon stocks.
Phylogenetic analysis with newly characterized Babesia bovis hsp70 and hsp90 provides strong support for paraphyly within the piroplasms.

Heat shock induced stress results in transcrip-tional activation of a conserved set of genes andsynthesis of heat shock-related proteins (hsps),which are present in all eukaryotes and prokary-otes [1]. Heat shock represents an unusual stresssituation for most organisms but, in shuttlingbetween vector and host, parasites are constantlysubjected to such stress [2]. Hsps assist the para-site in adapting to a new host environment duringdifferentiation and invasion [2] and are known tohave a chaperone function, forming complexeswith a diverse array of cellular proteins and pep-tides [3].Hsps offer legitimate targets for the evaluationof phylogenetic relationships since they are highlyconserved, with homology across their entirelength [4]. A target represented by a slowly evolv-ing gene (functionally more constrained) is con-sidered appropriate for studying ancientrelationships rather than more recent subspeciesand strain differences [5]. Each set of hsp se-quences provides unambiguous alignment, ensur-ing positional homology at each character in thedata matrix. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing aminoacid sequence of hsps also provides a large num-ber of parsimony informative characters. Twoadvantages this study has over most apicom-plexan phylogenetic analyses, which use thesmaller PCR products generated from the smallsubunit ribosomal RNA genes, are the larger data
Smooth key framing using the image plane

Key framing is an integral part of the animation making process. The user places the camera in a sequence of "key" positions, and the computer produces a set of intermediate camera locations that interpolates between these key frames. Traditional methods treat the camera as just another 3D object in the scene, with intermediate frames produced by interpolating the position and focal point of the camera in space. Unlike a 3D object, however, the camera's role is to project the 3D scene into 2D. The user indirectly controls the projection -- how objects in the scene are placed in the 2D image -- by adjusting the camera parameters for each key frame. Automatic 3D camera interpolation adds yet another layer of indirection. The net effect is that the user must solve a complicated inverse problem in order to move objects across the 2D scene in the desired manner. Figure 1 shows an example where the user wanted the table to move down and across the scene while moving the view to the top of the table. Traditional interpolation (top row) rotates the table out of the view. Correcting this using traditional approaches requires the addition of a substantial number of key frames which in turn reduce the smoothness of the motion.
Clinical Review of Histamine2 Receptor Antagonists

• Histamine 2 receptor antagonists are beneficial in treating gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, and hypersecretory states. Histamine 2 receptor antagonists are helpful for the prevention of stress ulceration and recurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcer. Four histamine 2 blockers are approved for clinical use: cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, and nizatidine. This review compares these agents in three areas: efficacy, adverse drug reactions, and drug interactions. Although limited published data exist for famotidine and nizatidine, both are as effective as the better-studied ranitidine and cimetidine when administered appropriately. Subtle differences exist among the four agents in the areas of drug interactions and adverse effects. Individual practitioners may decide if these differences are important enough to affect drug choice. ( Arch Intern Med . 1990;150:745-751)
Is 'silent' myocardial ischemia really as severe as symptomatic ischemia? The analytical effect of patient selection biases.

BACKGROUNDThe clinical significance of exercise-induced chest pain remains controversial, as reflected by sharply discordant clinical results within the medical literature. Thus, we developed a prospective study to compare the functional significance of silent versus symptomatic ischemia and to evaluate whether patient selection biases influence this analysis.METHODS AND RESULTSWe evaluated 117 patients (mean age, 63 +/- 9 years) with ischemic ST-segment depression during treadmill testing. Each patient underwent Tl-201 myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after exercise followed by 24-ambulatory ECG monitoring. Patients were divided into silent versus symptomatic cohorts and were compared for the degree of hemodynamic, exercise and ambulatory ECG, and thallium abnormalities during stress testing. Analyses were repeated as the patient population became increasingly restricted. Compared with the silent patients, patients with chest pain during exercise had a shorter exerc...
Cumulative index of health disorders as an indicator of aging-associated processes in the elderly: Results from analyses of the National Long Term Care Survey

Abstract Background We employ an approach based on the elaborated frailty index (FI), which is capable of taking into account variables with mild effect on the aging, health and survival outcomes, and investigate the connections between the FI, chronological age and the aging-associated outcomes in the elderly. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from the National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS) assessing health and functioning of the U.S. elderly in 1982, 1984, 1989, 1994, and 1999. Results Distributions of frequency, residual life span, mortality rate, and relative risk of death are remarkably similar over age and FI. Coefficients of correlation between FI and age are low both for males (0.127, p Conclusions The FI: (i) can be considered as an adequate sex-specific indicator of the aging-associated processes in the elderly, (ii) can characterize these processes independently of age, and (iii) is a better characteristic of the aging phenotype than chronological age.
Tabula Rasa: Pitfalls and Possibilities with Clean Slate Initiatives

If an IT system is so so hopelessly and fundamentally flawed that there's no practical way to address its deficiencies one by one, a clean slate initiative might be the only way out of the swamp. The key is to make sure the drivers are sound, the process is retrospective, the solution is robust, and expectations are realistic.
Purification and characterization of fumarase from Pseudomonas putida.

Abstract Fumarase (fumarate hydratase EC 4.2.1.2.) from Pseudomonas putida was purified 790 times the specific activity of the crude extract. A molecular weight of 166,000 was obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Low concentrations of thiol inhibitors (10−4 m ) did not inhibit the enzyme, but preincubation of the enzyme with high concentrations (0.05 m ) of the inhibitors markedly decreased enzyme activity. The catalysis of the hydration of fumarate and dehydration of l -malate by fumarase was measured spectrophotometrically over a range of substrate concentrations of 2.5 × 10−4 −5 × 10−3 m for l -malate and 10−4 −10−3 m for fumarate. The studies were conducted over a pH range of 5.5–9.5 in 0.05 m sodium phosphate buffer at 30 °. The pH dependence of maximum initial velocity exhibited maxima at 6.9 with fumarate, and 8.1 with malate, as substrates. The same ionization constant values were demonstrated for the two essential groups in the free enzyme for either substrate which indicated that the same enzymatic site converts l -malate to fumarate and fumarate to l -malate. The ionization constants for the enzyme-substrate complex agree closely with the ones obtained for the porcine enzyme and indicate the mechanism of action of bacterial enzyme to be identical to the porcine enzyme. Michaelis constants and maximum initial velocity constants were decreased by increasing concentrations of phosphate buffer. It is thus possible that phosphate influences the ionization of groups in the active site of the enzyme or slightly changes the configuration of the site.
COMPARATIVE GROWTH OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN CARBON DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN ATMOSPHERES

SUMMARY: Relative growth rates of 8 food poisoning strains of Clostridium perfringens in 100% nitrogen atmosphere and in a 100% carbon dioxide atmosphere at 760-mm pressure were determined. Growth was measured by the pour plate method. Substrate was fluid thioglycollate medium flushed with 100% nitrogen gas or 100% carbon dioxide gas at atmospheric pressure and incubation was at 43° C Headspace gas in the culture flask was analyzed during the growth period. The nitrogen was reduced at the end of 5 hr but the carbon dioxide remained at approximately 100% during the 3.5-4-hr exponential growth phase. Generation time of the Clostridium perfringens strains grown in 100% nitrogen atmosphere varied from 12.9–16.9 min and in the 100% carbon dioxide atmosphere from 12.9–17.2 min. When comparing individual strains in carbon dioxide versus nitrogen, no significant difference was noticed. When each of the 8 strains was compared with one another in a nitrogen atmosphere, as well as in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, significant differences were noticed in growth rates.
Cushing Syndrome in Pediatrics

Cushing syndrome is characterized by truncal obesity, growth deceleration, skin changes, muscle weakness, and hypertension. Cushing syndrome in childhood usually results from the exogenous administration of glucocorticoids. This article presents the causes and discusses the treatment of endogenous Cushing syndrome. It also discusses the clinical and molecular genetics of inherited forms of this syndrome. Cushing syndrome needs to be diagnosed and treated properly when first recognized; improper treatment can turn this otherwise completely curable disorder into a chronic ailment. Barriers to optimal care of a pediatric patient with Cushing syndrome are discussed.
Craniocervical abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta: genetic and molecular correlation.

Basilar impression (BI) assessed by either plain lateral skull radiograph or computerized tomography (CT) sagittal reconstruction of the craniocervical junction is a common finding occurring in 25% of subjects with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). It appears to occur with highest frequency in a group of subjects with OI type IV B, i.e. patients with mild/moderate liability to fractures, normal sclerae but dentinogenesis imperfecta. Neurologic signs indicating compression of posterior fossa structures occur predominantly in subjects with BI and OI type IV. Screening is recommended for all patients with OI but particularly OI type IV B.
Gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds to model atmospheric particulate materials—I. Sorption to graphite, sodium chloride, alumina, and silica particles under low humidity conditions

Abstract The partitioning of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to four model atmospheric particulate materials (APM) in dry nitrogen is examined. Literature data involving the development of a photoelectric aerosol sensor for the quantitation of particulate PAHs are reanalysed in an atmospheric gas-particle partitioning context. The PAHs include chrysene and benz[a]anthracene, three benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene. The model sorbents include graphitic carbon, sodium chloride, silica, and alumina. The measured partition coefficients are expressed in both a Kp(m3μg−1) and a Kp,s(m3m−2) format, and are compared to corresponding values for urban particulate material (UPM) at ambient relative humidity (r.h.). The partition coefficient Kp is the ratio of the sorbed concentration (ng μg−1) to the gaseous concentration (ng m−3). The partition coefficient Kp,s is the ration of the surface-area normalized sorbed concentration (ng m−2) to the gaseous concentration (ng m−3). Estimates of the compound-dependent heats of desorption from the surfaces(Q1, kJ mol−1) are determined from the slopes of plots of measured values of log K p ( or log K p,s ) vs 1 T . For graphitic carbon, a surface that might have been expected to sorb compounds in a non-specific manner, the agreement between the measured log K p,s vs 1 T lines and extrapolated UPM lines is very reasonable. The agreement was not as good for the other three sorbents. Silica and alumina exhibited significantly stronger sorption than UPM on a Kp,s basis. However, the Q1 estimates determined for silica and alumina were not found to be as high as might have been expected under these circumstances; the quality of the Q1 data is therefore in question. The general agreement between the log K p,s vs 1 T plots for graphitic carbon in dry nitrogen with those for UPM at ambient r.h. adds further evidence to the argument that partitioning to UPM is a d sorptive, and non-specific in nature.
Structure and Allostery of the PKA RIIβ Tetrameric Holoenzyme

In its physiological state, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a tetramer that contains a regulatory (R) subunit dimer and two catalytic (C) subunits. We describe here the 2.3 angstrom structure of full-length tetrameric RIIβ(2):C(2) holoenzyme. This structure showing a dimer of dimers provides a mechanistic understanding of allosteric activation by cAMP. The heterodimers are anchored together by an interface created by the β4-β5 loop in the RIIβ subunit, which docks onto the carboxyl-terminal tail of the adjacent C subunit, thereby forcing the C subunit into a fully closed conformation in the absence of nucleotide. Diffusion of magnesium adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into these crystals trapped not ATP, but the reaction products, adenosine diphosphate and the phosphorylated RIIβ subunit. This complex has implications for the dissociation-reassociation cycling of PKA. The quaternary structure of the RIIβ tetramer differs appreciably from our model of the RIα tetramer, confirming the small-angle x-ray scattering prediction that the structures of each PKA tetramer are different.
Flexible All-Fiber Generation of Ultra-Wideband Signals via Pulse Compression and Differential Detection

A flexible and simple scheme for generating ultra-wideband waveforms is proposed, using pulse compression in highly nonlinear fiber and differential detection. Center frequencies of 25 GHz, as well as FCC mask compliant waveforms, are demonstrated.
Monitoring algorithms for negative feedback systems

There are many online systems where millions of users post original content such as videos, reviews of items such as products, services and businesses, etc. While there are general rules for good behavior or even formal Terms of Service, there are still users who post content that is not suitable. Increasingly, online systems rely on other users who view the posted content to provide feedback.We study online systems where users report negative feedback, i.e., report abuse; these systems are quite distinct from much studied, traditional reputation systems that focus on eliciting popularity of content by various voting methods. The central problem that we study here is how to monitor the quality of negative feedback, that is, detect negative feedback which is incorrect, or perhaps even malicious. Systems address this problem by testing flags manually, which is an expensive operation. As a result, there is a tradeoff between the number of manual tests and the number of errors defined as the number of incorrect flags the monitoring system misses.Our contributions are as follows: We initiate a systematic study of negative feedbacks systems. Our framework is general enough to be applicable for a variety of systems. In this framework, the number of errors the system admits is bounded over the worst case of adversarial users while simultaneously the system performs only small amount of manual testing for multitude of standard users who might still err while reporting.Our main contribution is a randomized monitoring algorithm that we call Adaptive Probabilistic Testing (APT), that is simple to implement and has guarantees on expected number of errors. Even for adversarial users, the total expected error is bounded by "N over N flags for a given e