cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaboration over time: characterizing and modeling network evolution

A formal type of scientific and academic collaboration is coauthorship which can be represented by a coauthorship network. Coauthorship networks are among some of the largest social networks and offer us the opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying large-scale real world networks. We construct such a network for the Computer Science field covering research collaborations from 1980 to 2005, based on a large dataset of 451,305 papers authored by 283,174 distinct researchers. By mining this network, we first present a comprehensive study of the network statistical properties for a longitudinal network at the overall network level as well as for the intermediate community level. Major observations are that the database community is the best connected while the AI community is the most assortative, and that the Computer Science field as a whole shows a collaboration pattern more similar to Mathematics than to Biology. Moreover, the small world phenomenon and the scale-free degree distribution accompany the growth of the network. To study the individual collaborations, we propose a novel stochastic model, Stochastic Poisson model with Optimization Tree (Spot)to efficiently predict any increment of collaboration based on the local neighborhood structure. Spot models the non-stationary Poisson process by maximizing the log-likelihood with a tree structure. Empirical results show that Spot outperforms Support Vector Regression by better fitting collaboration records and predicting the rate of collaboration
Biological Features of Meningiomas That Determine the Production of Cerebral Edema

Although meningiomas are known to cause varying degrees of cerebral edema, the relative importance of their location, size, histological subtype, and other histological features in the production of cerebral edema has not been studied adequately. Therefore, we undertook a retrospective analysis of 43 meningiomas excised between 1975 and 1980. The results indicate that histological subtype has no relationship to the production of cerebral edema, with one exception. Meningiomas containing partly or completely a hemangiopericytic component were the only histological subtype associated consistently with cerebral edema. The location of a meningioma per se may not determine the production of cerebral edema. A relationship between size, aggressive histological features, vascular proliferative changes, and the production of cerebral edema was seen. The need for and the nature of further studies required to explain the cerebral edema that may be associated with small meningiomas are discussed.
Predictors of Inpatient Death and Complications among Postoperative Elderly Patients with Metastatic Brain Tumors

Objective Risks of brain surgery in elderly patients with brain metastases are not well defined. This study was designed to quantify the postoperative risk for these patients after brain surgery for metastatic disease to the brain.
Effects of didanosine formulations on the pharmacokinetics of amprenavir.

Study Objectives. To determine the effects of concurrent, single doses of didanosine (both buffered and encapsulated enteric-coated bead formulations) on amprenavir steady-state pharmacokinetics, and to determine the effect of staggered dosing of the buffered formulation. Design. Two-period, single-sequence, prospective, open-label drug interaction study with a 10-day washout interval. Setting. Clinical research unit. Subjects. Sixteen healthy volunteers without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Intervention. Amprenavir 600 mg twice/day was given for the first 4 days of each treatment period, with 12-hour pharmacokinetic evaluations conducted on the last 2 days of each period. Amprenavir was administered according to the following sequential treatments (all fasting): amprenavir alone, concurrent with buffered didanosine, 1 hour before buffered didanosine, and concurrent with the encapsulated enteric-coated bead formulation of didanosine. Measurements and Main Results. Plasma was collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after dosing and assayed for amprenavir by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Geometric mean ratios for each treatment relative to amprenavir alone were determined and reported with 90% confidence intervals (CIs). No significant trends were noted in predose concentrations measured during either period. Area under the concentration-time curve during one 12-hour dosing interval (AUC12) was found to be bioequivalent for all treatments. Peak drug concentration (Cmax) was reduced by 15% on average with concurrent administration of buffered didanosine, and bioequivalence was not demonstrated for this parameter. For concurrent enteric-coated didanosine, geometric mean ratios for Cmax and AUC12 were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. For buffered didanosine given 1 hour after amprenavir, geometric mean ratios were 1.06 and 1.10 for the same parameters, respectively. No differences were observed in 12-hour concentration (C12) with concurrent administration of buffered or enteric-coated didanosine. Conclusion. Amprenavir AUC12 and C12 are not significantly affected by concurrent administration of the buffered or enteric-coated formulations of didanosine. Therefore, amprenavir may be administered concurrently with either the buffered or the encapsulated enteric-coated bead formulation of didanosine in the fasting state.
Extraction of turbulent wall-pressure time-series using an optimal filtering scheme

Accurate measurements of pressure beneath turbulent wall-bounded flows are generally difficult to achieve due to signal contamination resulting from facility-induced noise, sensor vibration, etc. This is particularly true at low Reynolds numbers where the noise signature overwhelms the low-level turbulent fluctuations. In the current work a noise-cancellation technique based on an optimal filtering approach is developed. This technique is particularly useful for conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio and therefore it is well suited for low to moderate Reynolds number measurements. Unlike the conventional, subtraction-based, noise-cancellation methods, the utility of the optimal-filter scheme is not limited to the extraction of the turbulent statistics but it can be used to obtain the noise-canceledtime-series. Furthermore, the energy of the low-frequency turbulent motion lost due to the application of the noise-cancellation scheme is an order of magnitude smaller in the case of the optimal filter as compared to the subtraction scheme. Employment of the technique developed here is not confined to two-dimensional flows and therefore it is also useful for measurements in applications involving non-equilibrium flows.
Palladium(II) and Palladium(0) Complexes of BINAP(O) (2-(Diphenylphosphino)-2‘-(diphenylphosphinyl)-1,1‘-binaphthyl)

The coordination organopalladium chemistry of 2-(diphenylphosphino)-2‘-(diphenylphosphinyl)-1,1‘-binaphthyl (BINAP(O)) was found to be totally different from that of other phosphine−phosphine oxide ligands, as well as of BINAP. The reaction of [(MeCN)2PdCl2] with BINAP(O) (1 equiv) afforded [(BINAP(O))PdCl2] (1), in which BINAP(O) is P,O-chelated to Pd in the solid state (X-ray) and in solution (NMR). Treatment of 1 with free BINAP(O) led to the reversible formation of a P,P-bonded nonchelate, [(BINAP(O))2PdCl2] (2), which could not be isolated due to the equilibrium being strongly shifted toward 1. Reduction of 1 with LiBH4 in the presence of BINAP(O) afforded a new zerovalent Pd complex [(BINAP(O))2Pd] (3), in which both BINAP(O) ligands are P-bonded to Pd and one provides η2-arene coordination via the CC bond adjacent to the phosphinyl group (X-ray). Oxidative addition of PhI to 3 led cleanly to [(BINAP(O))Pd(Ph)I] (4; Ph trans to O; X-ray) which was also prepared by the reaction of [Pd2(dba)3] with BI...
Prognostic Significance of FDG PET for Head and Neck Cancer Treated with IMRT

Materials/Methods: From October 1999 to April 2004, 151 patients with head and neck cancer were treated with IMRT for curative intent. One patient was lost to follow-up 2 months after treatment and excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 150 patients, 99 were treated with definitive IMRT and 51 received postoperative IMRT. Sites included were nasopharynx, 5; oropharynx, 56; larynx, 33; oral cavity, 29; hypopharynx, 8; nasal cavity/paranasal sinus, 8; and unknown primary, 11. None of patients treated with postoperative IMRT received chemotherapy. Of 99 patients who had definitive IMRT, 68 patients received concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. One patient received induction cisplatin-based chemotherapy but no concurrent chemotherapy was given. Three target volumes CTV1, CTV2 and CTV3 were defined. The prescribed doses to CTV1, CTV2, and CTV3 in the definitive cohort were 70–74 Gy, 60 Gy and 54 Gy respectively. For high-risk postoperative IMRT, the prescribed doses to CTV1, CTV2, and CTV3 were 64–66 Gy, 60 Gy and 54 Gy respectively. For intermediate-risk postoperative IMRT, the prescribed doses to CTV1, CTV2 and CTV3 were 60 Gy, 60 Gy and 54 Gy. Sixty-six patients had FDG PET in staging workup before treatment, and 59 of them had SUV of the primary site available. The outcomes of these 59 patients were analyzed using Cox proportional model to determine the prognostic significance of the SUV.
Endogenous alpha-MSH modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to the cytokine interleukin-1beta.

We and others have previously shown that exogenous alpha-MSH antagonizes the stimulatory effects of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It is currently unknown, however, if endogenous alpha-MSH plays a physiological role in regulating the HPA response to IL-1. We have therefore examined the HPA response to IL-1beta in rats pretreated with an affinity purified alpha-MSH antiserum (AS) infused intracerebroventricularly to neutralize endogenous alpha-MSH within the brain. alpha-MSH AS or a similarly purified fraction of normal rabbit serum (NRS) was injected intracerebroventricularly at 16 h and at 1 h prior to the i.c.v. injection of IL-1beta (2 ng or 20 ng) and blood samples were collected through an indwelling atrial catheter. After 2 ng IL-1beta, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response was significantly greater in the alpha-MSH AS treated rats (n = 7) compared to the NRS treated rats (n = 7) (P <0.01); the mean ACTH level rose to a peak of 594+208 pg/ml in the alpha-MSH AS treated rats vs 274+/-122 pg/ml in the NRS treated rats. The area under the ACTH response curve in the alpha-MSH AS treated animals was 181% of that in the NRS treated animals (P<0.05). A significant effect of alpha-MSH AS on the corticosterone response to i.c.v. IL-1beta was also noted during the first 3 h of the study (P<0.05). The mean area under the corticosterone response curve for the first 3 h in the alpha-MSH AS treated animals was 144% of that in the NRS treated animals (P <0.05). After 20 ng IL-1beta, the ACTH response over time was again significantly greater in the alpha-MSH AS treated rats (n=8) compared to the NRS treated rats (n=9) (P<0.02); the mean ACTH level rose to a peak of 673+/-190 pg/ml after alpha-MSH AS vs 490+/-115 pg/ml after NRS. Corticosterone levels rose to a peak of 42+/-3.9 microg/dl in the alpha-MSH AS treated rats vs 37+/-4.6 microg/dl in the NRS treated rats; this difference was not significant. We conclude that the IL-1beta induced stimulation of ACTH is significantly enhanced by antagonizing the activity of alpha-MSH. These results support a physiological role for endogenous alpha-MSH in limiting the HPA response to this inflammatory cytokine.
Mössbauer-effect and magnetic susceptibility studies of some ferrous and ferric chelates with 2,2′-bipyridine- and 1,10-phenanthroline-n-oxides[1]

Abstract Mossbauer studies at 81 and 295°K and magnetic susceptibility measurements at 80–315°K were used for further characterization of a number of ferrous and ferric chelates with 2,2′-bipyridine N-oxide(N-bipyO) and 1,10-phenanthroline N-oxide (N-phenO), exhibiting room temperature magnetic moments intermediate between those corresponding to high- and low-spin compounds of these metal ions. On the basis of the overall evidence available, which consists of the above studies and spectral and conductance measurements previously reported, [Fe(N-bipyO)Cl2]·C2H5OH appears to be square-planar, characterized by a half-quenched spin (S = 1), while the series of [FeL3]X3(L = N-bipyO, N-phenO: X = ClO4, NO3) chelates seem to involve spin-free ( S = 5 2 )-spin-paired ( S = 1 2 ) equilibria ( 6 A 1 → 2 T 2 crossover ). The low-spin isomer appears to be present in substantially larger amounts than the high-spin isomer in these ferric complexes.
The Liquidity Crisis: The 2007–2009 Market Impacts on Municipal Securities

This article surveys developments in the municipal debt market for their practical and conceptual implications for public financial managers and scholars. It provides an overview of the market crisis of 2007–9, focusing on what fiscal stress reveals about debt costs, the incidence of risk, and management methods. The first part focuses on the systemic factors—highly leveraged subprime mortgage instruments and collateralized debt obligations—that affected credit availability, interest costs, and the changing risk profiles of the debt instruments. The second part emphasizes the new institutional architecture of the borrowing environment: the collapse of the market for variable-rated securities, the withdrawal from the market of traditional bond insurers, the diminished availability of credit enhancement instruments from banks, the demise of the standby bond purchase agreement, and the introduction of Build America Bonds. The article presents an agenda for practitioners and scholars as they face a borrowing future that differs markedly from that of the past.
Tight complexity bounds for term matching problems

Abstract In this paper we study the sequential and parallel complexity of various important term matching problems. These problems occur frequently in applications such as term rewriting, functional programming, and logic programming. First, we obtain non-trivial lower bounds on the parallel complexity of the (uninterpreted) term matching problem. We also establish the tightness of these bounds for some representations and several models. We then characterize completely the sequential complexity of associative and commutative matching when the number of occurrences of variables is varied. Specifically, we show that even if each variable is restricted to at most two occurrences in the terms, both associative matching and commutative matching are NP-complete. Interestingly, for the important restriction of boolean terms we show that commutative matching is NP-complete whereas associative matching has a linear time sequential algorithm. For linear terms, we significantly improve the existing upper bound for associative-commutative matching, and present a new algorithm for associative matching. Designing direct parallel algorithms for associative-commutative matching of linear terms appears to be a difficult task. Despite this we have been able to resolve questions about the parallel complexity of these problems using complexity-theoretic techniques. Finally, an interesting consequence of the research reported here is the demonstration of a tighter relationship between associative-commutative matching for linear terms and bipartite matching on both sequential and parallel models.
Organic Cation Exchange on Montmorillonite as Observed by Ultraviolet Analysis

An analytical method is described whereby the exchange of various organic cations for other organic cations on montmorillonite is determined. The exchange is followed by means of a Beckman DK-1 ultraviolet spectrometer. It has been observed that organic cations from compounds such as primary, secondary, and tertiary amine salts and quaternary ammonium salts can be exchanged for one another on the natural cation exchange substance, montmorillonite. The exchange is carried out in isooctane to which a small amount of isopropyl alcohol has been added to aid in dispersion of the organic-clay complex. By choosing pairs of organic substances, of which one has strong absorbance in the ultraviolet and the other does not, the exchange can be followed quantitatively with the u.v. spectrometer.
Overview of Considerations for the Pediatric Patient Receiving Home Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

Pediatric home nutrition support is a common practice used to provide children with impaired gastrointestinal function and their caregivers a therapeutic environment for the delivery of needed nutrition for proper growth and development. Specialized teams and equipment are now available to make this a successful experience for all involved. This paper will review items specific to the care of infants and children receiving both enteral and parenteral nutrition.
Testing passive UHF tag performance evolution

Trends in tag development since the introduction of the ISO 18000-6C and EPC Global standards are investigated empirically with measurements of power harvesting and backscattering performance from 20 samples of passive tags across 860–960MHz. The population spans ages of 0 to 6 years, 9 tag manufacturers, and 3 chip manufacturers. All tags were still in working condition, except two 5-year-old tags that no longer responded to interrogations and a 3-year-old tag with a degraded chip-to-antenna bond. Despite steadily improving chips, some older tags show performance comparable to new tags.
Frugality and Robustness: Negotiating Economy and Ecology in Architecture

Abstract This paper proposes an operational framework for developing an environmentally progressive mode of design practice. This framework, based on the concepts of frugality and robustness, seeks...
Integrating Public Transportation Facilities and Equipment Management Systems into Capital Improvement Planning Process

A Public Transportation Facilities and Equipment Management System (PTMS), as proposed in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), is a tool to assist in the management and utilization of transit facilities and equipment so as to ensure the efficient and effective use of resources. A framework for the application of PTMS elements in the public transit capital improvement planning process is proposed. By using a PTMS as a part of the capital planning process, broad concepts such as needs fulfillment and performance improvement may be embodied in a systematic process to program transit bus capital investments. With data from the Federal Transit Administration's National Transit Database (NTD), the practical applicability of this framework is investigated in the context of the capital planning process employed by the regional transit authorities and the state transportation agency in Massachusetts. Vehicle replacement needs for a Massachusetts regional transit authority are estimated for a 5-year planning window using the NTD data in conjunction with predictive condition models. These models, developed by Purdue University and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, use easily quantifiable and objective measures such as age and mileage to predict the future condition of a vehicle. NTD data are also used to identify opportunities for performance-based capital incentives among the Massachusetts regional transit authorities.
A stochastic programming approach for the Bayesian experimental design of nonlinear systems

Abstract Several approaches for the Bayesian design of experiments have been proposed in the literature (e.g., D-optimal, E-optimal, A-optimal designs). Most of these approaches assume that the available prior knowledge is represented by a normal probability distribution. In addition, most nonlinear design approaches involve assuming normality of the posterior distribution and approximate its variance using the expected Fisher information matrix. In order to be able to relax these assumptions, we address and generalize the problem by using a stochastic programming formulation. Specifically, the optimal Bayesian experimental design is mathematically posed as a three-stage stochastic program, which is then discretized using a scenario based approach. Given the prior probability distribution, a Smolyak rule (sparse-grids) is used for the selection of scenarios. Two retrospective case studies related to population pharmacokinetics are presented. The benefits and limitations of the proposed approach are demonstrated by comparing the numerical results to those obtained by implementing a more exhaustive experimentation and the D-optimal design.
Accessory cell requirement in the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to hemocyanin

Abstract T cells were obtained from mice immunized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and tested in culture for their proliferation to KLH or to concanavalin A. The T-cell proliferation to KLH depended on the presence of Ia-bearing macrophages. This was shown only after extensive manipulations of T cells depleting accessory cells by adherence to dishes and passage through nylon-wool columns. The macrophage dependency required homology with macrophages from strains of mice sharing the left side of H-2. The macrophage dependency was not bypassed by conditioned media from macrophages. In contrast, the proliferative response to concanavalin A, which was also macrophage dependent, showed no H-2 restriction and could be replaced by a macrophage-conditioned medium. Nonadherent spleen cells, extensively devoid of macrophages, could substitute for macrophages but at a hundredfold excess. Cells isolated in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter with anti-Ig reagents also showed an antigen-presenting function. We raise the question whether our results imply an antigen-presenting function of B cells.
Results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for infected tibial nonunion

Bone grafting plays a critical role in promoting bone healing in infected nonunion, although recurrent infection is of concern. Cancellous bone grafting as an antibiotic delivery system has been reported as an effective method to combat infections. In this study, we report the clinical results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion. Between January 1996 and March 2001, 18 patients with infected tibial nonunion treated with vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were available for follow-up. According to the Cierny-Mader classification, all patients belonged to type IVA and IVB osteomyelitis. Adequate debridement, stabilization with external fixation, and staged vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were used in all patients. Regular clinical and radiographic follow-ups were conducted. Infection control was obtained in all 18 patients with a 100% infection arrest rate. Bone union was achieved in 13 of 18 patients at an average of 5.8 months. Bone union was obtained subsequently in the remaining five patients after closed nailing in four, and plating and bone grafting in one patient. Radiographs showed good consolidation and hypertrophy of grafted bone at an average follow-up of 48 months. We conclude that vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting is a safe method for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion.
Three-dimensional three-component particle velocimetry for microscale flows using volumetric scanning

We present a diagnostic platform for measuring three-dimensional three-component (3D3C) velocity fields in microscopic volumes. The imaging system uses high-speed Nipkow spinning disk confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy provides optical sectioning using pinhole spatial filtering which rejects light originating from out-of-focus objects. The system accomplishes volumetric scanning by rapid translation of the high numerical aperture objective using a piezo objective positioner. The motion of fluorescent microspheres is quantified using 3D3C super resolution particle-imaging velocimetry with instantaneous spatial resolutions of the order of 5 µm or less in all three dimensions. We examine 3D3C flow in a PDMS microchannel with an expanding section at 3D acquisition rates of 30 Hz, and find strong agreement with a computational model. Equations from the PIV and PTV literature adapted for a scanning objective provide estimates of maximum measurable velocity. The technique allows for isosurface visualization of 3D particle motion and robust high spatial resolution velocity measurements without requiring a calibration step or reconstruction algorithms.
Conversion of α-amino-n-butyric acid to n-propanol during alcoholic fermentation

Abstract In sterile grape juice medium a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus , under proliferating conditions, converted a small portion of added α-amino- n -butyric acid to n -propanol. The yield was 2.8% on the basis of utilization of one isomer of the synthetic α-amino- n -butyric acid added, or 0.16% on the basis of the ethanol produced. Without added amino acid, no detectable n -propanol was formed. In sterile glucosephosphate buffer solution containing added amino acid, the metabolic activity of heavy inoculations of the same yeast did not produce a detectable amount of n -propanol.
Colossal above-room-temperature metal-insulator switching of a Wadsley-type tunnel bronze.

We show evidence of the manifestation of enormous metal–insulator switching ranging up to almost six orders of magnitude in individual nanowires of β′-CuxV2O5. The magnitude and temperature of the phase transition is in strong contrast to data reported over several decades for other Wadsley-type mixed valence tunnel bronze structures.
Discovery tools as electronic billboards to market your library

Purpose – The aim of this article is to describes Sprague Library’s experience in using EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to market library services and resources in order to draw conclusions for other institutions. Design/methodology/approach – Uses the case study of Montclair State University in developing a strategy for using Discovery Tools as a library promotional tool. Also includes examples from other institutions. Findings – EDS (and other Discovery Services) can be helpful in highlighting library resources and services that may go unnoticed. Studies show a correlation between discovery tools and increased Interlibrary Loan (ILL) activity so it’s important to promote services like ILL within your discovery service. Practical implications – With a reasonable effort, libraries can use discovery tools to provide additional modes of communication with users. Originality/value – Highlights some of Sprague Library’s unique efforts in utilizing EDS to promote library resources and services.
On the Influence of Thermomechanical Processing on the Fracture Behavior of Gamma-Based Titanium Aluminides. II. Effects of Alloying with Cr and Nb

ABSTRACT The effects of microstructure on the tensile and fracture behavior of Ti-48Al-1.5Cr and Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (compositions stated in atomic % unless stated otherwise) are investigated. Microstructures with different equiaxed/lamellar grain size and volume fractions are produced by extrusion with reduction ratios of 10:1 and 14:1, prior to annealing in the α + γ and/or α + γ phase fields. Room-and elevated-temperature tensile ductility, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are shown to exhibit an inverse square root dependence on the average equiaxed/lamellar grain size in Ti-48Al-1.5Cr extruded with a 14:1 reduction ratio. A similar Hall-Fetch dependence of room-temperature fracture toughness on the average equiaxed/lamellar grain size is also demonstrated in the Ti-48Al-I.5 Cr alloy extruded with a reduction ratio of 14:1. The latter is also shown to have better fracture properties than Ti-48 Al-2Cr-2Nb and TU48Al-1.5Cr extruded with a reduction ratio of 10:1. The implications of the results ...
Calculation and comparison of delta-neutral and multiple-Greek dynamic hedge returns inclusive of market frictions

Abstract Evidence provided by traders in derivative-asset markets suggests that use of “delta-neutral” (DN) and “multiple-Greek” (MG) hedging strategies are a common and effective approach in achieving desired hedged investment goals. The principal objective of this research is to develop a model that calculates position returns for both DN and MG hedging effectiveness and incorporates Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk (SPAN) margin requirements (MRs) as well as transaction costs (TCs). The results of this analysis show that a DN hedging approach activated by an increase in the implied volatility of the option produces a more effective hedge on a risk–return trade-off basis than the other hedging approaches examined.
Dysregulation of microRNA expression drives aberrant DNA hypermethylation in basal-like breast cancer

Basal-like breast cancers frequently express aberrant DNA hypermethylation associated with concurrent silencing of specific genes secondary to DNMT3b overexpression and DNMT hyperactivity. DNMT3b is known to be post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs. The objective of the current study was to determine the role of microRNA dysregulation in the molecular mechanism governing DNMT3b overexpression in primary breast cancers that express aberrant DNA hypermethylation. The expression of microRNAs (miRs) that regulate (miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-148a and miR-148b) or are predicted to regulate DNMT3b (miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-203 and miR-222) were evaluated among 70 primary breast cancers (36 luminal A-like, 13 luminal B-like, 5 HER2-enriched, 16 basal-like) and 18 normal mammoplasty tissues. Significantly reduced expression of miR-29c distinguished basal-like breast cancers from other breast cancer molecular subtypes. The expression of aberrant DNA hypermethylation was determined in a subset of 33 breast cancers (6 luminal A-like, 6 luminal B-like, 5 HER2-enriched and 16 basal-like) through examination of methylation-sensitive biomarker gene expression (CEACAM6, CDH1, CST6, ESR1, GNA11, MUC1, MYB, TFF3 and SCNN1A), 11/33 (33%) cancers exhibited aberrant DNA hypermethylation including 9/16 (56%) basal-like cancers, but only 2/17 (12%) non-basal-like cancers (luminal A-like, n=1; HER2-enriched, n=1). Breast cancers with aberrant DNA hypermethylation express diminished levels of miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-148a and miR-148b compared to cancers lacking aberrant DNA hypermethylation. A total of 7/9 (78%) basal-like breast cancers with aberrant DNA hypermethylation exhibit diminished levels of ≥6 regulatory miRs. The results show that i) reduced expression of miR-29c is characteristic of basal-like breast cancers, ii) miR and methylation-sensitive gene expression patterns identify two subsets of basal-like breast cancers, and iii) the subset of basal-like breast cancers with reduced expression of multiple regulatory miRs express aberrant DNA hypermethylation. Together, these findings strongly suggest that the molecular mechanism governing the DNMT3b-mediated aberrant DNA hypermethylation in primary breast cancer involves the loss of post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b by regulatory miRs.
Simple method for determination of heroin deacetylation in rat and human serum

Abstract This study generally supports previous studies (4,6) of deacetylation rates of heroin by whole blood and serum. The greatly accelerated in vitro deacetylation rates noted in the rat, relative to the human, are consistent with the literature, (6), with the exception that rat serum reaction rates were about 60% faster (Table 1). This in vitro study demonstrates an example of widely differing drug metabolic rates between species. The method employs urea as a denaturing agent, which is also nondamaging to the compounds of interest. Previous studies used a variety of methods, while all of the present methods apply one relatively simple technique which is especially suited to rapid enzymatic reactions in fluid media such as whole blood.
Observation of anomalous power loss in a FEL

Abstract A series of experiments were conducted at the Stanford superconducting accelerator free electron laser (SCA/FEL) to compare the energy extracted from the electron beam with the optical output energy. When all known losses were taken into account, it was found that approximately half of the energy extracted from the electrons did not appear in the optical output. Measurements indicated a lack of any nonlinear optical losses or optical absorption in the cavity mirrors. At this time, the source of the loss is not known.
Large CO2 reductions via offshore wind power matched to inherent storage in energy end-uses

[1] We develop methods for assessing offshore wind resources, using a model of the vertical structure of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over water and a wind-electric technology analysis linking turbine and tower limitations to bathymetry and continental shelf geology. These methods are tested by matching the winds of the Middle-Atlantic Bight (MAB) to energy demand in the adjacent states (Massachusetts through North Carolina, U.S.A.). We find that the MAB wind resource can produce 330 GW average electrical power, a resource exceeding the region's current summed demand for 73 GW of electricity, 29 GW of light vehicle fuels (now gasoline), and 83 GW of building fuels (now distillate fuel oil and natural gas). Supplying these end-uses with MAB wind power would reduce by 68% the region's CO2 emissions, and reduce by 57% its greenhouse gas forcing. These percentages are in the range of the global reductions needed to stabilize climate.
Nonstandard topological extensions: Addendum

It has recently come to my attention that, independent from my investigations in [1], Professor K.D. Stroyan [2] obtains for a Tychonoff space X and a normal base β a quotient space on * X which is homeomorphic to the Wallman-Frink Hausdorff compactification w ( X , β ). Consequently, if X is Tychonoff, then Corollary 4.1 in [1] implies that Stroyan's space is homeomorphic to the space w ( X , β) S which is constructed in Theorem 4.1 in [1]. Stroyan's result is obtained by use of a monadic closure operator. I regret not mentioning Professor Stroyan's result in my paper [1].
Evaluation of the mass measles vaccination campaign in Guangdong Province, China

Summary Objective To evaluate the mass measles vaccination campaign of 2009 in Guangdong Province, China. Methods Data on the campaign implementation, measles surveillance, and serological surveillance were reviewed and analyzed by statistical methods. Results Rapid coverage surveys showed that 98.09% of children were vaccinated during the campaign. The coverage of migrant children increased significantly from 67.10% to 97.32% ( p p Conclusions A massive vaccination campaign approach for controlling measles in a developing region like Guangdong Province with a vast migrant population has proved effective. Comprehensive mobilization, communication with the mass media, and support from government departments were critical to the success of the campaign.
Hurricane Wind–Pressure Relationship and Eyewall Replacement Cycles

AbstractThe relationship between minimum central surface pressure and the maximum sustained surface wind in tropical cyclones has been studied for many years, motivated by the fact that minimum pressure is generally easier to measure, but maximum wind is a much more relevant metric when considering tropical cyclone risk and potential impacts. It is well understood that tropical cyclone wind is closely related to the radial gradient of pressure through gradient or cyclostrophic balance assumptions, and not to a single point value of the minimum pressure near the storm center. But it is often the case that the maximum wind must be inferred from this single value. To accomplish this, a number of statistical relationships have been documented, such as those used in the Dvorak technique for estimating tropical cyclone intensity from satellite imagery. Here, the relationship between tropical cyclone maximum wind and minimum pressure is explored during eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) that have been observed in...
Painting with texture

We present an interactive texture painting system that allows the user to author digital images by painting with a palette of input textures. At the core of our system is an interactive texture synthesis algorithm that generates textures with natural-looking boundary effects and alpha information as the user paints. Furthermore, we describe an intuitive layered painting model that allows strokes of texture to be merged, intersected and overlapped while maintaining the appropriate boundaries between texture regions. We demonstrate the utility and expressiveness of our system by painting several images using textures that exhibit a range of different boundary effects.
Mass rearing codling moths: improvements and modiﬁcations

Current diet, oviposition cages, rearing containers, diapause induction and adult handling are described for a rearing colony of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), maintained at the USDA-ARS facility in Wapato, WA , USA, for over 40 years for use in field, laboratory and postharvest research. Previous studies have found codling moth production to approach maximum efficiency at a density of one larva per 4.8 ml of diet. Since 2002, the current YARL rearing program has produced an average of 1 adult per 4.5 ml diet.
Melatonin: Inhibition of Microtubule-Based Oral Morphogenesis in Stentor coeruleus

SYNOPSIS. The temporal separation of macromolecular syntheses from protein assembly into microtubular structures has permitted the use of the Stentor ciliated oral membranellar band regenerating system as an assay for mitotic spindle inhibitors (Banerjee & Margulis, 1971). Melatonin, the pineal gland hormone, is additive to Colcemid in this assay; like Colcemid it specifically inhibits band migration as a sensitive function of developmental stage and concentration. Altho the entire process of band formation and cilia regeneration (stages 0–8) is inhibited by melatonin, stage 3 is especially sensitive. Delay in morphogenesis at stage 3 can be measured as a precise function of inhibitors (Colcemid, podophyllotoxin, melatonin) of the form y=kxn, where y is delay in hours and k is the concentration of inhibitor in moles. Riboflavin (0.2 μM) and nicotinamide (0.2 μM) in combination reversed Colcemid-induced delay in band regeneration, but (unlike melatonin) the vitamins alone were totally without effect on the regenerating system. Therefore melatonin probably interacts with microtubule protein whereas the B vitamins interact in some way with Colcemid to nullify its activity.
Myths of Dental-Induced Prosthetic Joint Infections

The overwhelming majority of orthopedists and dentists surveyed recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures to prevent late prosthetic joint infection. It is time to stop this practice, which is not based on scientific evidence but rather on "myths" of prosthetic joint infections after dental procedures. The first myth is that there are close similarities between late prosthetic valve endocarditis and late prosthetic joint infection. The second myth is that dental treatment is the probable cause of a large percentage of prosthetic joint infections. The third myth is that results of animal experiments have shown that transient bacteremia due to dental procedures can cause prosthetic joint infections in humans. The fourth myth is that the benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic joints outweigh the risks and costs. The fifth and final myth is that clinicians should recommend antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatment for patients with prosthetic joints to protect themselves legally.
Completely automatic completion of VLSI designs

Most VLSI designs consist of a number of blocks, like RAMs, ROMs, data paths, and random logic, which ultimately must be integrated. Methods for performing this integration have generally required manual intervention, such as the iterative operation of placement programs and routing programs. Here, the term fusion is introduced to denote any automatic method which performs that integration completely. The basic inner workings of such a fusion service is described, concentrating on a place/route algorithm that accommodates blocks of unrelated sizes and pinouts and always guarantees 100% completion of wiring. >
First-Trimester Diagnosis of Body Stalk Anomaly Using 2- and 3-Dimensional Sonography

To determine the sonographic features of body stalk anomaly in the first trimester using 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonography, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all nuchal translucency sonographic examinations performed between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2010, at our institution. From a total of 6952 nuchal translucency sonographic examinations, 4 cases of body stalk anomaly were identified. All cases were characterized by an absent umbilical cord and a large ventral wall defect with herniation of the abdominal contents into the extraembryonic coelom. Associated features included kyphoscoliosis, limb defects, and enlarged nuchal translucency measurements. Three-dimensional sonography was a useful adjunct to 2D techniques in determining the precise relationship of fetal structures to the amniotic cavity. Our case series emphasizes the importance of a thorough anatomic survey at the time of nuchal translucency screening and the value of 3D sonography in the delineation of first-trimester anomalies.
Husband and wife with sarcoidosis: possible environmental factors involved.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous multisystem disorder of unclear etiology that involves any organ, most commonly the lung and the lymph nodes. It is hypothesized that the disease derives from the interaction between single or multiple environmental factors and genetically determined host factors. Multiple potential etiologic agents for sarcoidosis have been proposed without any definitive demonstration of causality. We report the case of two patients, husband (57 years old) and wife (55 years old), both suffering from sarcoidosis. They underwent a lymph node biopsy by mediastinoscopy which showed a “granulomatous epithelioid giant cell non-necrotising chronic lymphadenitis”. They had lived up to 3 years ago in the country in a farm, in contact with organic dusts, animals such as dogs, chickens, rabbits, pigeons; now they have lived since about 3 years in an urban area where there are numerous chemical industries and stone quarries. The aim of this case report was to focus on environmental factors that might be related to the pathogenesis of the sarcoidosis.
Development and Assessment of an Integrated Computer-Aided Detection Scheme for Digital Microscopic Images of Metaphase Chromosomes.

An integrated computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme was developed for detecting and classifying metaphase chromosomes. The CAD scheme's performance and robustness is assessed. This scheme includes an automatic metaphase-finding module and a karyotyping module, and it was applied to a testing database with 200 digital microscopic images. The automatic metaphase-finding module detects analyzable metaphase cells using a feature-based artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN-generated outputs are analyzed by a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method, and the area under the ROC curve is 0.966. Then, the automatic karyotyping module classifies individual chromosomes of this cell into 24 types. In this module, a two-layer decision tree-based classifier with eight ANNs established in its connection nodes was optimized by a genetic algorithm. Chromosomes are first classified into seven groups by the ANN in the first layer. The chromosomes in these groups are then separately classified by seven ANNs into 24 types in the second layer. The classification accuracy is 94.5% in the first layer. Six ANNs achieved the accuracy above 95% and only one had lessened performance (80.6%) in the second layer. The overall classification accuracy is 91.5% as compared with 86.7% in the previous study using two independent datasets randomly acquired from our genetic laboratory. The results demonstrate that this automated scheme achieves high and robust performance in identification and classification of metaphase chromosomes.
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Recent Alcohol Use Among Hispanic Youth

A total of 946 Hispanic students in 7th to 12th grade in Greater Cincinnati schools (N = 133) completed a survey assessing factors associated with recent alcohol use. Results indicated that 24.5% used alcohol in the past month. Males were more likely than females to recently use alcohol. A series of odds ratios revealed that frequent church attendance, making good grades, and having parents/teachers frequently talk and set/enforce rules regarding alcohol use were associated with decreased recent alcohol use. Frequent participation in risky behaviors was directly related to recent alcohol use. Ongoing parent, teacher, and school communication and the consistent setting and enforcement of rules should be encouraged. Findings may be beneficial to prevention specialists developing programs targeting Hispanic youth. Future studies should seek to identify specific activities within the family, school, and community that help deter alcohol use among this population.
Gynecologic Oncology or Medical Oncology: What's in a Name?

Patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer generally require postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy in an attempt to prolong both disease-free and overall survival. Unlike most other areas of oncology, where chemotherapy has traditionally been administered by medical oncologists, postoperative chemotherapy for ovarian cancer may also be administered by gynecologic oncologists, who receive chemotherapy training as part of a surgically oriented fellowship. Nonetheless, the division of labor between gynecologic oncologists primarily trained to operate and medical oncologists trained in chemotherapy decision making, dosing, and adverse effect management, seems natural to many physicians involved in the care of patients with ovarian cancer. Physicians often work as a team, with the gynecologic oncologist managing the surgical aspects of this disease and the medical oncologist being responsible for chemotherapy administration. However, this paradigm is not universal, and the model of the gynecologic oncologist delivering both surgical as well as chemotherapeutic care is active in many parts of the United States and elsewhere in the world. In this issue of the Journal, Silber et al use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data to assess survival, chemotherapy usage, and adverse effects for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who received chemotherapy under the care of either gynecologic oncologists or medical oncologists. 1 The authors hypothesized that the survival of patients treated by medical oncologists would be superior in view of their training. Instead, Silber et al found that survival was equivalent between these two groups of subspecialists when adjusting for stage, age, histology, ethnicity, medical comorbidity, and the initial operating physician (usually a gynecologic oncologist). However, patients treated by medical oncologists tended to receive chemotherapy more frequently and have more reported adverse effects than those treated by gynecologic oncologists. The authors conclude that perhaps “medical oncologists believed in treatment intensity more than gynecologic oncologists,” and “that gynecologic oncologists had better intuition regarding when to reduce intensity in favor of quality of life.” 1 Regarding this last point, it should be noted that quality of life was not assessed as part of this study, making it impossible to draw conclusions about the effects of treatment frequency on this outcome.