cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic implications of intraoperative pressure measurements after the fontan operation

Central venous pressure (CVP) and left atrial pressure (LAP) were monitored continuously for the first 72 hours postoperatively in 32 patients who underwent a Fontan operation in whom preoperative measurements of the pulmonary artery index were available. Integrated mean values were generated for each patient for the following time frames: (1) the first 12 hours after operation, (2) the first 24 hours after operation, (3) postoperative day 2, and (4) postoperative day 3. We found no difference in the CVP, LAP, or transpulmonary gradient, derived as CVP-LAP, measured in the operating room at the completion of the operation versus that measured on the third postoperative day: CVP, 18 +/- 2 mmHg versus 19 +/- 3 mmHg; LAP, 10 +/- 2 mmHg versus 10 +/- 3 mmHg; and transpulmonary gradient, 8 +/- 2 mmHg versus 8 +/- 2 mmHg. The combined incidence of hospital mortality and postoperative takedown associated with the Fontan repair was 12.5%. These findings suggest that a poor hemodynamic result from the Fontan operation can be predicted from intraoperative pressure measurements, because the CVP, LAP, and transpulmonary gradient are unlikely to change significantly in the early postoperative period. Therefore, a decision to take down or fenestrate the repair can reasonably be made in the operating room or the early postoperative period.
VALUES OF SYMMETRIC CUBE L-FUNCTIONS AND FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF SIEGEL EISENSTEIN SERIES OF DEGREE-3

We obtain formulas for certain weighted sums of values of the symmetric square and triple product L-functions. As a consequence, we get exact values at the right critical point for the symmetric square and symmetric cube L-functions attached to certain cuspforms. We also give applications to Fourier coefficients of modular forms.
The (stalled) progress of interprofessional collaboration: the role of gender

AbstractResearchers have demonstrated that team-based, collaborative care improves patient outcomes and fosters safer, more effective health care. Despite such positive findings, interprofessional collaboration (IPC) has been somewhat stunted in its adoption. Utilizing a socio-historical lens and employing expectation states theory, we explore potential reasons behind IPC’s slow integration. More specifically, we argue that a primary mechanism hindering the achievement of the full promise of IPC stems not only from the rigid occupational status hierarchy nested within health care delivery, but also from the broader status differences between men and women – and how these societal-level disparities are exercised and perpetuated within health care delivery. For instance, we examine not only the historical differences in occupational status of the more “gendered” professions within health care delivery teams (e.g. medicine and nursing), but also the persistent under-representation of women in the physician w...
Synthesis and X-ray structure of (η5-C5H5)2W2Ir2(CO)7(CHCO2Et)2, a tetrahedral heterometal cluster with two different environments for ethylcarboxylatocarbene ligands

Abstract The tetrahedral heteronuclear cluster complex (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 W 2 Ir 2 (CO) 10 reacts with N 2 CHCO 2 R (R = Et, Me) at room temperature to form the dicarbene species (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 W 2 Ir 2 (CO) 7 (CHCO 2 R) 2 . An X-ray diffraction study (R = Et) shows an intact tetrahedral metal framework with two distinct sites for the CHCO 2 Et ligands. The first uses its carbon atom to bridge the IrIr bond; the second uses its carbon atom to bridge an IrW bond and, additionally, forms a donor bond from a carbonyl oxygen atom to the second tungsten atom.
Absence or interruption of the supra-acetabular line: a subtle plain film indicator of hip pathology

Objective. To show that absence or interruption of the supraacetabular line is a subtle plain film indicator of pathology in the acetabulum. Design. Nineteen hips from 17 patients with known disease processes involving the acetabulum as demonstrated by subsequent magnetic resonance imaging, bone scan or plain film follow-up were evaluated with antero-posterior (AP) plain films of the pelvis. Three additional cases were diagnosed prospectively using interruption of the supra-acetabular line as the criterion for inclusion. Fifty AP plain films of the pelvis in patients without hip pain were examined prospectively to determine normal imaging criteria. Results and conclusions. The normal supra-acetabular line measures 2–3 mm in thickness superiorly and is a thin sclerotic line in the medial aspect. In all 22 hips (with pathology) in this series, the line was interrupted or absent. Loss or interruption of the supra-acetabular line may thus be a subtle pain film indicator of a disease process involving the acetabulum. This plain film sign has not previously been reported.
Children’s Participation in a Virtual Epidemic in the Science Classroom: Making Connections to Natural Infectious Diseases

This study investigated students’ understanding of a virtual infectious disease in relation to their understanding of natural infectious diseases. Two sixth-grade classrooms of students between the ages of 10 and 12 (46 students) took part in a participatory simulation of a virtual infectious disease, which was integrated into their science curriculum. The results from our analyses reveal that students perceived the simulation as similar to a natural infectious disease and that the immersive components of the simulation afforded students the opportunity to discuss their understandings of natural disease and to compare them to their experiences with the virtual disease. We found that while the virtual disease capitalized on students’ knowledge of natural infectious disease through virtual symptoms, these symptoms may have led students to think of its transfer more as an observable or mechanical event rather than as a biological process. These findings provide helpful indicators to science educators and educational designers interested in creating and integrating online simulations within classroom environments to further students’ conceptual understanding.
Oral antibiotic therapy of serious systemic infections

Traditionally, antibiotics have been administered intravenously (IV) for serious systemic infections. As more potent oral antibiotics were introduced, and their pharmacokinetic aspects studied, orally administered antibiotics have been increasingly used for serious systemic infections was appreciated. Antibiotics ideal for oral administration are those that have the appropriate spectrum, high degree of activity against the presumed or known pathogen, and have good bioavailability. Oral antibiotics with high bioavailability, that is, ≥ 90% absorbed, achieve serum/tissue concentrations comparable to IV administered antibiotic at the same dose. The popularity of "IV to PO switch therapy" is possible because of the availability of many potent oral antibiotics with high bioavailability. Initial IV therapy is appropriate in patients who are in shock/ have impaired intestinal absorption, but after clinical defervescence, completion of therapy should be accomplished with oral antibiotics. As experience with "IV to PO switch therapy" has accumulated, confidence in oral antimicrobics for therapy of serious systemic infections has continued to increase. The trend in treating serious systemic infections entirely with oral antimicrobial therapy will continue, and is clearly the wave of the future.
Either/or Rules: Social Studies Teachers' Talk about Media and Popular Culture.

This article examines how 15 secondary social studies teachers made meaning of media and popular culture, and how those perspectives informed their relationships with their students. Using data from a 3-year qualitative study in which multiple in-depth interviews were conducted, this article also analyzes the discourses that circulated in the larger society that influenced the teachers' thoughts, and ultimately, their actions with their students. The findings suggest that these teachers employed three binary oppositions, binarisms, to define media and popular culture: (a) political, (b) moral, and (c) privileging. Additionally, the teachers' talk revealed that they believed their students uncritically engaged media and popular culture and thus needed “protection” from these entities. The author contends that teachers need to better understand the complexities of media and popular culture, so that they can assist their students to better comprehend and interpret a range of media and popular culture messages.
Selective reinstatement of stimulus-outcome associations

In two experiments, the possibility of outcome-selective reinstatement of conditioned responding was examined. Evidence for outcome-selective reinstatement of previously extinguished appetitively conditioned magazine responses by rats was observed in both Pavlovian (Experiment 1) and discriminated instrumental conditioning (Experiment 2) procedures. In both experiments, stimulus-elicited magazine responses occurred more in the presence of a stimulus whose reinforcer was reinstated than they did in the presence of another stimulus whose reinforcer was not reinstated. This effect was observed after both brief and extensive amounts of extinction. Outcome-selective reinstatement of instrumental leverpressing, however, was not observed, although nonselective reinstatement of magazine responding and leverpressing was obtained in Experiment 2. Overall, the data from these studies challenge existing theories of reinstatement, and they provide additional evidence of the importance of outcome-specific processes in the control of learned performance.
Xanthate sulfur as a hydrogen bond acceptor: the free xanthate anion and ligand sulfur in nickel tris ethylxanthate

Abstract Xanthates, like thiolates, form a variety of complexes with metals in which coordinating sulfur can serve as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Nickel tris xanthate complexes [Ni(xan)3]−, (xan = o-ethylxanthate, N-(carbamoylmethyl)ethylxanthate) have been synthesized and compared by a combination of X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic measurements. Recent results from our studies of N–H⋯S hydrogen bonding interactions in metal–xanthate complexes shows N–S distances to be longer than those in related thiolate complexes, indicative of weaker hydrogen bonds for the xanthates. The complex (Et4N)[N-(carbamoylmethyl)ethylxanthate)] adopts an extended conformation in both the solid state and solution and lacks either intraligand or intermolecular N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The complex (CTA)[Ni(exa)3] exhibits N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds between the amide group of the counterion and the ligand sulfur. The amide–sulfur N–H⋯S distance is 3.567 A.
Towards a bosonization of quantum electrodynamics.

We study the strong phase of QED with more than one flavor ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{f}}$g1, and spontaneously broken chiral symmetry, using an effective Lagrangian. The effective Lagrangian contains a massless ${\mathit{e}}^{+}$${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ bound state (the ``electropion'') and the photon. This theory is shown to predict the existence of a fermionic soliton. We argue that this soliton must be the electron. The mass of the electron is calculated to be in the range 2.23Fm3.33F, where e is the electron charge and F is the electropion decay constant. Since the mass is finite, we conclude that strongly coupled QED does not show confinement.
A Colorful Catalysis Demonstration

A simple, yet colorful, homogeneous catalysis demonstration is reported. When concentrated H2O2 is added to a yellow-orange aqueous solution of Fe3+, the solution turns black in color. After a brief induction period, exothermic decomposition of H2O2 ensues with the evolution of oxygen gas. As the reaction subsides, the solution returns to the original yellow-orange color. These color changes demonstrate one of the most important (and often most misunderstood by first-year students) concepts of catalysis—although a catalyst may be altered as it participates in a reaction, it is not consumed.
Let Schools Do It! Helping Schools Find a Role in Cancer Prevention

Abstract Health, in its purest sense, is not the primary mission of the nation's K–12 schools, so why should schools feel obligated to address cancer education? The nation's educators are under tremendous pressure to prepare students to pass tests in English language arts and mathematics. As a result, health education and physical education are often assigned third-class status in many of the nation's schools, despite numerous studies supporting the connection between health and academic achievement. Is there a place for cancer prevention education in today's K–12 schools? This commentary explores existing structures that affect cancer prevention education and offers suggestions to improve K–12 health education initiatives.
Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with infliximab in Crohn's disease.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an ulcerating noninfectious disease of the skin seen in 1 to 5% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The pathogenesis of PG has yet to be determined but may be related to abnormal T cell responses and the production of TNF-α, a powerful proinflammatory cytokine. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF-α, has been approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease. We present four patients with PG treated with Infliximab for fistulizing Crohn's in whom complete healing of PG was achieved. Four patients with active fistulizing Crohn's disease and PG were treated. All patients were females ranging in age from 48 to 60 years, with a mean age of 54 years. Three of four patients had PG lesions located on the lower extremities; one patient had peristomal disease. All patients had at least colonic involvement of their Crohn's. The patients received either a single infusion or a series of three 5 mg/kg Infliximab infusions. All four patients demonstrated rapid healing of PG within 4 weeks of the first infusion of Infliximab. PG healing followed improvement in bowel disease. Complete resolution without recurrence was noted in all patients. Rapid resolution of PG was noted in four female patients with fistulizing Crohn's disease treated with Infliximab. Healing was complete, without recurrence. The anti-TNF-α properties of Infliximab suggest that healing may be mediated by the drug's effect on cytokine pathways, perhaps by blunted T cell activation early in the inflammatory cascade. We suggest an independent effect of Infliximab on PG.
Mismanagement of Panic Disorder in Emergency Departments: Contributors, Costs, and Implications for Integrated Models of Care

Panic disorder (PD) is associated with the rapid onset of fear-related symptomatology, often somatic in nature. As a result, individuals with the disorder often fear that they are experiencing a life-threatening emergency and present in hospital emergency departments (EDs). As the operating heuristics of EDs are geared toward identifying organic causes and allow only brief physician–patient contact, the diagnosis of PD is more often than not overlooked. Those with the disorder go on to incur enormous costs as they seek out an explanation for their symptoms. Efforts to alleviate this problem, including increased physician education and the development of screening instruments, have been largely unsuccessful. The continued misidentification and mismanagement of this disorder argues for greater incorporation of mental health professionals into the ED, allowing collaborative efforts that recognize the relationship between physiological and psychological aspects of panic.
Electrical conductivity changes in bulk Sn, and eutectic Sn-Ag in bulk and in joints, from aging and thermal shock

Electrical conductivity of electronic interconnects made with Sn-based solders undergo a significant amount of deterioration during service. Several factors, such as anisotropy of Sn, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatches between the entities that make up the joint, and growth of intermetallic compounds present within the solder and solder/substrate interface, may contribute to the damage accumulation during thermal excursions and cause deterioration of properties. This study dealing with effects of aging and thermal shock on electrical conductivity, carried out with bulk Sn, and eutectic Sn–Ag in bulk and joint configurations, is aimed at evaluating the roles of the above factors on the deterioration of electrical conductivity from these thermal excursions.
Neurofilament Heavy Chain Expression Reveals a Unique Parasagittal Stripe Topography in the Mouse Cerebellum

Despite the general uniformity in cellular composition of the adult cerebellum (Cb), the expression of proteins such as ZebrinII/AldolaseC and the small heat shock protein HSP25 reveal striking patterns of parasagittal Purkinje cell (PC) stripes. Based on differences in the stripe configuration within subsets of lobules, the Cb can be further divided into four anterior-posterior transverse zones: anterior zone (AZ) = lobules I-V, central zone (CZ) = lobules VI-VII, posterior zone (PZ) = lobules VIII and anterior IX, and the nodular zone (NZ) = lobules posterior IX-X. Here we used whole-mount and tissue section immunohistochemistry to show that neurofilament heavy chain (NFH) expression alone divides all lobules of the mouse Cb into a complex series of parasagittal stripes of PCs. We revealed that the striped pattern of NFH in the vermis of the AZ and PZ was complementary to ZebrinII and phospholipase C s3 (PLCs3), and corresponded to phospholipase C s4 (PLCs4). In the CZ and NZ the stripe pattern of NFH was complementary to HSP25 and corresponded to PLCs3. The boundaries of the NFH stripes were not always sharply delineated. Instead, a gradual decrease in NFH expression was observed toward the edges of particular stripes, resulting in domains comprised of overlapping expression patterns. Furthermore, the terminal field distributions of mossy and climbing fibers had a complex but consistent topographical alignment with NFH stripes. In summary, NFH expression reveals an exquisite level of Cb stripe complexity that respects the transverse zone divisions and delineates an intricately patterned target field for Cb afferents.
Semiconductor Yield Analysis and Multi-Chip Package (MCP) Die Pairing Optimization using Statistical-Learning

Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Statistical Learning are related mathematical fields which utilize computer algorithms to create models for the purposes of data description and/or prediction. Some well known examples include biometric identification and authorization systems, speech recognition and user targeted internet advertising. Statistical Learning, which we will use in this paper, also has many applications in semiconductor manufacturing. Some of the challenging characteristics of semiconductor data include high dimensionality, mixtures of categorical and numeric data, non-randomly missing data, non-Gaussian and multimodal distributions, nonlinear complex relationships, noise, outliers and temporal dependencies. These challenges are becoming particularly acute as the quantity of available data increases and the ability to trace lots, wafers, die, and packages throughout the full fab, wafer test, assembly and final test manufacturing flow improves. Statistical-learning techniques are applied to address these challenges. In this paper we discuss the advancement and applications of Tree based classification and regression methods to semiconductor data. We begin the paper with a description of the problem, followed by an overview of the statistical-learning techniques we use in our case studies. We then describe how the challenges presented by semiconductor data were addressed with original extensions to tree-based and kernel-based methods. Next, we review four case studies: home sales price prediction, signal identification/separation, final speed bin classification and die pairing optimization for Multi-Chip Packages (MCP).
Effect of diet on triglyceride structure and composition of egg yolk lipids.

Hens were fed a practical diet supplemented and unsupplemented with 5% menhaden oil and a synthetic fat-free diet for a period of 90 days. Egg yolks from hens fed each of the three diets were analyzed for fatty acid composition and positional distribution of the fatty acids by successive chromatographic techniques. The triglycerides were resolved into fractions containing, 0, 1, 2 and 3+ double bonds per molecule. Each of these types was quantitated and analyzed for fatty acid distribution. The positional distribution was determined with the aid of pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The feeding of the practical diet supplemented with 5% menhaden oil produced an increase in the 14∶0 acid in the intact triglycerides, 2-monoglycerides and 1,3-diglycerides with the majority of this acid being bound in the 1,3 positions. In the monounsaturated triglycerides the 16∶0 acid was linked predominantly at the 1,3 positions. The feeding of the fat-free diet produced a decrease in the 16∶1 acid content of the egg yolk lipids in the monounsaturated series, in the intact triglycerides, the 2-monoglycerides and the 1,3-diglycerides. The 18∶0 acid was linked more often at the 1,3 positions than at the 2 position, and was not affected by the diet consumed by the hens. Hens fed the fat-free diet produced more monounsaturated and diunsaturated triglycerides than those fed the other diets. Linoleic acid exhibited the greatest degree of preference for the 2 position, which was followed in turn by oleic acid. All other major acyl components were found to be preferentially esterified at the 1,3 positions. The difference observed in the fatty acid composition of egg yolk neutral and polar lipids was attributable to the fatty acid content of the diet. In the case of the oleic and linoleic acids, there was less variation in the saturated fatty acid content, which could be traced to the type of diet fed.
Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation to treat severe aplastic anaemia in children and young adults.

Summary. Alternative donor bone marrow transplantation(BMT) to treat severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) in children andyoung adults has been complicated by high rates of graftrejection and severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Wehypothesized that increased immunosuppression combinedwith T-cell depletion of the marrow graft would enablesuccessful use of unrelated donor BMT in this disease.Preconditioningconsisted of cytosine arabinoside, cyclophos-phamide, and total body irradiation (TBI). T-cell depletionwas with the anti-CD3 antibody T10B9. GVHD prophylaxisconsisted of cyclosporine A. 28 previously transfused patientswere transplanted. Nine donor/recipient pairs were HLAmatched. As of 1 January 1996, 15/28 (54%) patients arealive, transfusion independent and well with a range offollow-up of 13 months to 8 years (median 2.75 years).Fatalities include all three patients with non-engraftment andall three patients with grade III/IV GVHD. Other fatalitieswere due to infections or therapy-related toxicity. Theincidence
Animal models for influenza virus pathogenesis, transmission, and immunology

In humans, infection with an influenza A or B virus manifests typically as an acute and self-limited upper respiratory tract illness characterized by fever, cough, sore throat, and malaise. However, influenza can present along a broad spectrum of disease, ranging from sub-clinical or even asymptomatic infection to a severe primary viral pneumonia requiring advanced medical supportive care. Disease severity depends upon the virulence of the influenza virus strain and the immune competence and previous influenza exposures of the patient. Animal models are used in influenza research not only to elucidate the viral and host factors that affect influenza disease outcomes in and spread among susceptible hosts, but also to evaluate interventions designed to prevent or reduce influenza morbidity and mortality in man. This review will focus on the three animal models currently used most frequently in influenza virus research – mice, ferrets, and guinea pigs – and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Spectroscopic Measurement of NaCl and Seawater Salinity in the Near-IR Region of 680–1230 nm

Recently, near-IR spectroscopic measurements of electrolytes in aqueous solutions have been explored. The basis for this technique is the perturbations of electrolytes on the near-IR water bands. Both measurements of a single electrolyte and simultaneous measurements of several electrolytes have been investigated. Determination of seawater salinity is also possible. Most of these measurements were made in the near-IR region from 1100 to 2500 nm. In contrast, the short-wavelength near-IR region from 700 to 1200 nm has received much less attention.
Long-range dependence ten years of Internet traffic modeling

Self-similarity and scaling phenomena have dominated Internet traffic analysis for the past decade. With the identification of long-range dependence (LRD) in network traffic, the research community has undergone a mental shift from Poisson and memory-less processes to LRD and bursty processes. Despite its widespread use, though, LRD analysis is hindered by the difficulty of actually identifying dependence and estimating its parameters unambiguously. The authors outline LRD findings in network traffic and explore the current lack of accuracy and robustness in LRD estimation. In addition, they present recent evidence that packet arrivals appear to be in agreement with the Poisson assumption in the Internet core.
Effects of cloning and root-tip size on observations of fungal ITS sequences from Picea glauca roots

To better understand the effects of cloning on observations of fungal ITS sequences from Picea glauca (white spruce) roots two techniques were compared: (i) direct sequencing of fungal ITS regions from individual root tips without cloning and (ii) cloning and sequencing of fungal ITS regions from individual root tips. Effect of root tip size was investigated by selecting 20 small root tips (SRT, 1.0-2.0 mm long) and 20 large root tips (LRT, 5.0- 6.0 mm long). DNA was isolated from each tip and PCR-amplified with fungal-specific primers. PCR reactions were divided into two portions, one of which was sequenced directly and one of which was cloned first followed by sequencing of 12 random clones. With direct sequencing all 20 SRT produced an identifiable sequence, while only 13 of 20 LRT (65%) yielded an identifiable sequence. With cloning and sequencing all 40 tips produced identifiable fungal ITS sequences regardless of size. Failure of direct sequencing in LRT was associated with the presence of multispecies assemblages. Cloning iden- tified 18 taxa overall while direct sequencing identi- fied four. Cloning was not affected by tip size and identified more taxa relative to direct sequencing, although cost and probability of observing lab-based contaminants (e.g. airborne or reagent-based) were higher. We suggest that standardized controls be run whenever clones are sequenced from environmental samples, including positive controls derived from pure cultures and negative controls that cover the entire extraction, amplification and cloning process. Additional studies on larger root segments and bulked samples are needed to determine whether cloning can detect fungi accurately and cost-effective- ly in complex environmental samples.
Pediatric non-Wilms renal tumors: Subtypes, survival, and prognostic indicators

Background To determine the outcomes and predictors of survival for pediatric non-Wilms renal tumors (NWRT). Methods The SEER database (1973–2005) was queried for all patients Results Overall, 349 cases of NWRT were identified. The major histologic groups included renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (44%), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) (17%), and malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) (12%). A bimodal age distribution was observed, with tumors commonly presenting in patients ≤4 y of age and ≥15 y of age. More than 50% of RCC presented at ≥15 y of age, whereas ≥80% of CCSK or MRT patients were ≤4 y of age. Most RCC (57%) and CCSK (53%) were locally staged while most MRT presented with distant disease (51%, P Conclusion For pediatric NWRT, younger patients and those with RCC have improved survival, while a diagnosis of MRT portends a worse prognosis. Surgical extirpation significantly improves survival for all patients.
Effective Tuning of Ketocyanine Derivatives through Acceptor Substitution

A series of ketocyanine derivatives possessing bis(diarylamino)fluorenyl donors and variable acceptors installed at the bridging carbon atom were synthesized to investigate how the electronic structure of the dye can be systemically tuned through stabilization of the cyanine-like character of the donor by increasing the acceptor strength. Analysis of the (1) H NMR spectra indicates that the "charge-separated" species dominates in these dyes, given that carbons possessing a positive or negative charge in the resonance structures of this state purposefully shift downfield or upfield, respectively, depending on the strength of the acceptor moiety. In DAA-Fl-PI, the acceptor strength and the gain of acceptor aromaticity indicates a predisposition of the separated state, indicated by asymmetry in the (1) H NMR spectrum, as well as uneven distribution of the HOMO on the fluorenyl donor.
Canine elbow dysplasia. The early radiographic detection of fragmentation of the coronoid process.

Ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis, and fragmentation of the coronoid process (FCP), separately or together, comprise canine elbow dysplasia. Radiographic detection of ununited anconeal process or osteochondrosis is common, whereas identification of an FCP is often inferred by finding joint incongruity and econdary changes. Early identification of FCP can be improved by evaluating the elbow joint for subtle changes visible early in the course of this disease. Proper radiographic technique and positioning are essential in optimizing identification of the changes associated with mild or early FCP.
An automated approach for sea ice mapping and ice concentration determination for the future GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

The aim of this work is to develop an automated approach for sea ice mapping and ice concentration determination using visible/infrared measurements provided by a geostationary satellite. This study is a part of the algorithm development activities of the future GOES-R ABI sensor. The data used in this study as prototype of the future GOES-R ABI sensor are provided by the SEVIRI sensor onboard of the METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The algorithm developed in this study is completely autonomous. Images of the prospective GOES-R will be the sole input of the algorithm which returns as an output ice charts and ice concentration maps. To achieve the ultimate objective of this study, two issues have been addressed. Firstly, it was necessary to accurately detect and map clouds over the study area in order to estimate ice fraction exclusively over cloud-free pixels. This primary step has been performed using the same proxy data provided by the SEVIRI instrument. Secondly, reflectances of all the Caspian Sea pixels were simulated for all the possible sun-satellite geometries and for pure ice and ice free pixels. The neural network was used in order to obtain these reflectances. An exhaustive sample has been selected using MODIS images to train the network. The obtained water and ice reflectances have been used to estimate the ice fraction as a ratio of the difference of the observed reflectance at channel R01 (0.6 mum) and the water reflectance over the difference of the ice reflectance and water reflectance.
HealthKiosk: A family-based connected healthcare system for long-term monitoring

In this paper, we present “HealthKiosk”, a family-based healthcare system, to provide rich contextual information and alerting mechanisms for continuous monitoring of health conditions. HealthKiosk significantly improves the reach and quality of regional and community healthcare services, and could potentially minimize the efforts of care professionals for the chronical illness, not only applicable for the elderly but also children and young fitness trainers. The proposed architecture leverages the RESTful design style, nevertheless introducing a novel development of the “sensor proxy”, both in a stationary PC style and as a mobile widget. The sensor proxy behaves not only as a bridge between the raw sensor readings and the kiosk controller, but also as a data processing logic to integrate, correlate, and transform a variety of data from multiple data sources to an integrated XML format. We demonstrate the system performance by showing two complete case studies for both stationary and mobile sensor proxies used in the developed HealthKiosk system. Finally, the proposed solution has been piloted and deployed at the Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) for diabetes patients, via building an evidence-based clinical care solution focusing on chronic disease management in China.
Optimal Rate Allocation for Logowatermarking

We consider the joint application of Human Vision System and rate allocation theory in logo watermarking. A new algorithm is proposed under this framework, in which the logo is multi-level decomposed, compressed and embedded into the decomposed host with the energy of the compressed logo optimally distributed across different subbands of the host. The scheme is verified to be robust against general signal attacks, and experimental comparison shows its superiority to other approaches. Moreover it is quite suitable for hardware implementations by using reversible wavelet transform.
A large engineering network architecture

An approach that attempts to optimize the network in an engineering environment with large numbers of personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, and windowing terminals using different network protocols and applications is described. The network was made modular and easily reconfigurable so that it could be optimized with minimum cost or user impact. The design and operation of the resulting network are examined. >
Prior Head and Neck Radiation Exposure Is Not a Contraindication to Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy

Background Most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism can have a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy based on localization studies showing single-gland disease. In patients with a history of head and neck irradiation, due to the increased risk of multigland disease and risk of concurrent thyroid cancer, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is considered by some to be a contraindication. We postulated that previous history of head and neck irradiation should not be a contraindication for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy and tested this hypothesis in a prospective cohort of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Study Design We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of 491 consecutive parathyroidectomies performed between May 2005 and May 2007 at a tertiary referral medical center. Results Fifty-two (12.6%) patients had a history of head and neck irradiation and 360 (87.4%) had no exposure to radiation. The 2 groups had no significant difference in terms of gender or ethnicity. The radiation group was older, with an average age of 65.1 years versus 58.1 years (p Conclusions Head and neck irradiation should not be a contraindication for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in the setting of preoperative localization studies showing single-gland disease and no concurrent thyroid neoplasm. Furthermore, history of head and neck irradiation is associated with a later age of presentation for parathyroidectomy.
Discrete Adjoint-Based Approach for Optimization Problems on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Meshes

A comprehensive strategy for developing and implementing discrete adjoint methods for aerodynamic shape optimization problems is presented. By linearizing each procedure in the entire optimization problem, transposing each linearization, and reversing the sequential order of operations, the adjoint of the complete optimization problem, including flow equations and mesh motion equations is constructed in a modular and verifiable fashion. This construction is also shown to produce minimal memory overheads, and retain the same convergence characteristics of the original analysis problem in the sensitivity analysis. These techniques are implemented in a three-dimensional unstructured multigrid NavierStokes solver, and demonstrated on a transonic drag reduction problem for a wing body configuration.
Media Attention, Political Processes, and Air Pollution in the United States: A Time-Series Analysis (1959-1998)

This study tests the effect of the environmental movement, political opportunities, and media attention on air pollution in a time-series analysis (1959-1998). It examines changes in national emissions of five types of air pollution: sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (combined into an index with Cronbach’s D .904); nitrogen oxides; and particulate matter smaller than 10 Pm. Results show that media attention to the environment is an important predictor of all three dependent variables. Additionally, the environmental social movement is only effective given specific political opportunities, namely, Democratic Party control of the federal government, media attention to environmental issues, and effective policy. The environmental movement also only appears to be effective at combating highly visible pollutants that are on the political agenda. This study demonstrates the complexity of air pollution, the importance of media attention, and the limited impact of the environmental movement on real-world outcomes.
Web-based tools for finding optimal designs in biomedical studies

Experimental costs are rising and applications of optimal design ideas are increasingly applied in many disciplines. However, the theory for constructing optimal designs can be esoteric and its implementation can be difficult. To help practitioners have easier access to optimal designs and better appreciate design issues, we present a web site at http://optimal-design.biostat.ucla.edu/optimal/ capable of generating different types of tailor-made optimal designs for popular models in the biological sciences. This site also evaluates various efficiencies of a user-specified design and so enables practitioners to appreciate robustness properties of the design before implementation.
Interference between triazine-resistant Brassica napus and Panicum miliaceum

Summary Atrazine carryover often limits growers to production of atrazine-tolerant crops the year following application, and allows the increase of triazine-tolerant weed species such as Panicum miliaceum L. (wild proso millet). Tiriazine-resistant Brassica napus L. cv. ‘Triton’ (oilseed rape) was tested to characterize the nature of interspecific interference with P. miliaceum. In a greenhouse study, atrazine at 2.2 kg ha−1 depressed oilseed rape fruit (siliqua) number and fruit dry weight, and delayed flowering, but did not significantly affect height or weight of shoots, Oilseed rape fruit weight was reduced at 200 P. miliaceum plants m−2. fruit number and shoot weight were inhibited at 400 weeds m−2. and height was reduced and flowering delayed at 600 weeds m−2. Number and weight of fruits were reduced by one-third after 8 weeks of interference as compared to oilseed rape grown with the weed for 4 weeks. Oilseed rape height was reduced by 29% and shoot weight by 55% by 600 weeds m−2 and 2–2 kg ha−1 atrazine, while fruit number and weight were reduced by 72%. Oilseed rape shoot weight was reduced by 74% by 600 weeds m−2 for 12 weeks of interference, while fruit number and weight were reduced by 85% and 82%. respectively. In a field study, fluazifop reduced early season P. miliaceum cover by 72%, but did not increase oilseed rape cover. Mid-season P. miliaceum shoot weight was decreased by 97% by fluazifop and oilseed rape shoot weight was increased by 34%. P. miliaceum control increased oilseed rape biomass by 38% at 89 days, but biomass of oilseed rape sown at 11.2 kg ha−1 with 2.2 kg atrazine ha−1 was not decreased by P. miliaceum interference at 89 days.
The electrocardiogram in pregnancy and the puerperium

Abstract Observations of the electrocardiographic changes in normal pregnancy have been based on bipolar leads in which the distant electrode has significant voltage and varies not only from individual to individual, but also in the same individual from time to time. Wilson and associates 21 suggested a method for the electrocardiographic study of the human heart employing indirect leads which record the potential difference between an exploring electrode and one remaining at or near zero voltage. Such leads closely resemble direct leads from the ventricular surface 5 . This electrocardiographic study, employing unipolar leads, is concerned particularly with late pregnancy and the early puerperium, for a change occurring in either period would be more apparent in relation to values obtained in the other. Its purposes are: first, to define the positional changes in terms of the mean electrical axis of QRS and the electrocardiographic position, and, second, to determine whether there is any evidence of ventricular hypertrophy.
Lipid abnormalities in myocardial cell injury.

Considerable evidence indicates that abnormalities in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism are important in the pathogenesis of the membrane dysfunction that leads to irreversible myocardial cell injury during myocardial ischemia and related conditions. Membrane dysfunction is mediated by phospholipid degradation and by the accumulation of amphipathic lipid species, including free fatty acids, long-chain acyl-coenzyme A esters, long-chain acylcarnitines, and lipid peroxides. Accumulation of free arachidonic acid, a fatty acid normally stored in membrane phospholipids, is a sensitive indicator of phospholipid degradation. Ongoing work is aimed at defining mechanisms of the phospholipid alterations that appear to involve phospholipase-mediated phospholipid catabolism and impaired phospholipid synthesis.
Grower Diets and Their Effects Upon Subsequent Performance of Layer Type Pullets

Abstract Five life-cycle experiments were conducted over as many years involving nearly 10,000 pullets of layer-type. Grower diets of 12% protein and 2550, 2900, 2970, 3180, or 3190 kcal of ME/kg were compared with 10% protein-1970 and 16% protein-3090 kcal type diets. Corn, oats, dehulled oats, and oat hulls were used to vary the energy levels. In the first experiment, feed requirements for growth were greater with the 10-1970 diet as compared to that for a 12-2900 diet, but no residual differences during the lay period were noted for egg production or feed conversion. Livability was slightly higher for birds grown on the 10-1970 diet A second experiment confirmed these results. A mixture of neomycin and terramycin to supply 22 ppm each to the grower diets in the first experiment had no consistent effect on subsequent performance. A third experiment showed that supplements of lysine and methionine to the 12-2900 diet to provide National Research Council (NRC, 1971) requirement levels were not needed for immediate growth and feed conversion or for subsequent reproductive performance. In this study, a diet using dehulled oats (12-3180) improved feed conversion during growth but had no subsequent effects on reproductive performance. A fourth experiment utilized 12% protein diets with oats (2550), corn (3190), or corn and oats (2970) as the cereal components. These grower diets were compared with a 16-3090 corn diet Growth and feed conversion were reduced by the all-oats diet; feed conversion was greatest with either all-corn diet. During the lay period, the only significant effect was reduced egg production from pullets grown on the 12% protein-corn diet (12-3190). A fifth experiment involved the 12-2970 (corn and oats) versus 12-3190 (corn) grower diets. No significant differences were noted in reproductive performance due to grower diet.
RNA/DNA hybrid binding affinity determines telomerase template-translocation efficiency

Telomerase synthesizes telomeric DNA repeats onto chromosome termini from an intrinsic RNA template. The processive synthesis of DNA repeats relies on a unique, yet poorly understood, mechanism whereby the telomerase RNA template translocates and realigns with the DNA primer after synthesizing each repeat. Here, we provide evidence that binding of the realigned RNA/DNA hybrid by the active site is an essential step for template translocation. Employing a template-free human telomerase system, we demonstrate that the telomerase active site directly binds to RNA/DNA hybrid substrates for DNA polymerization. In telomerase processivity mutants, the template-translocation efficiency correlates with the affinity for the RNA/DNA hybrid substrate. Furthermore, the active site is unoccupied during template translocation as a 5 bp extrinsic RNA/DNA hybrid effectively reduces the processivity of the template-containing telomerase. This suggests that strand separation and template realignment occur outside the active site, preceding the binding of realigned hybrid to the active site. Our results provide new insights into the ancient RNA/DNA hybrid binding ability of telomerase and its role in template translocation.
From Philadelphia to Philadelphia

From Philadelphia in 1787 to Philadelphia in 1937 our minds turn back and forth tonight, to pay tribute to the constitutional contributions of the Fathers and to inquire into the constitutional conduct of some of their sons. If we praise the Fathers as hard-headed realists, we may invoke their example to justify a propensity for realism among ourselves. They were creators. We seek to be scholars. Their aim was to build; ours is to understand and to evaluate. Toward them and their building we may bow in deep piety, but without obligation to let awe or reverence obscure our glance at the work of their successors. Happily, too, our piety need not dim our eyes in looking at the work of the Fathers. Without falsity of fact or of sentiment, we may appraise their achievement. We need not think of them as demigods or as men who met to lay their fortunes on the altar of their country. We can accept to the full the view that their design was to create a government that would serve the interests they had most at heart. If they assumed that what would be best for themselves would be best also for the general good, in this they were not unique. Even today, men sometimes fuse the special and the general, as perhaps some papers on our program may prove. Man need not be noble to be wise, unwise as it may be in the long run not to be noble. The advancement of special interests may at a given time conduce greatly to a wide general interest. The wisdom of the achievement of 1787 may be assessed by an evaluation of results without inquiring whether it was the fruit of sacrifice. The results, of course, may be overestimated.
Effect of Ion Irradiation on the Formation of Ni, Cr and Pt Silicide

The influence of Xe+, As+ and Si+ irradiation on the Ni, Cr and Pt-silicide formed upon subsequent thermal annealings has been investigated. Helium MeV backscattering spectrometry and x-ray diffraction have been used to analyze the samples. The effect of silicon-metal interface contamination has been observed using an intentionally formed thin silicon oxide layer. The oxide layer was thick enough to prevent thermal suicide formation in unirradiated samples. In irradiated samples, the suicide forms thermally in spite of the presence of this oxide layer for Ni and Cr, but not for Pt. Similar results were obtained for Xe+, As+ and Si+ irradiations. We attribute this effect to ion mixing of the interfacial layer. The differences between results obtained with Ni, Cr and Pt are discussed. These results demonstrate that a low-dose irradiation can render the process of suicide formation upon thermal annealing tolerant to interfacial impurities. On the other hand, we also show that ion irradition can inhibit Pt and Ni suicide formation.