cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2366: Pilot study of DNA microseeding to activate immune rejection of canine melanoma

Background: Canine malignant melanoma provides a model to study DNA vaccine delivery systems. A xenogeneic human tyrosinase (huTYR) DNA vaccine delivered by Biojector2000 received United States Department of Agriculture licensure when it appeared to prolong survival of dogs with melanoma compared to historical, stage-matched controls and to stimulate immune responses in some dogs. The current study evaluates toxicity, transgene expression, and antibody responses to huTYR in companion dogs with spontaneously developing melanoma following delivery of huTYR DNA to the skin via a modified tattoo device, a method termed DNA microseeding. Methods: Five companion dogs with melanoma were scheduled to receive huTYR DNA at two sites (Site A and Site B) on the inner thigh by DNA microseeding every 2 weeks for 4 administrations at a range of huTYR DNA doses; 2 dogs (50 μg [Site A] and 100 μg [Site B]); 2 dogs (200 μg [Site A] and 400 μg [Site B]); and 1 dog (83 μg [Site A] and 83 μg commercial huTYR plasmid [Site B]). Vaccine site biopsies were obtained to determine transgene expression 24 hours after the 1st and 3rd vaccination time-points, and 48 hours after the 2nd and 4th vaccination time-points. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 2 weeks after the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th vaccinations to quantify TYR-specific antibodies via indirect ELISA. Results: No toxicity, beyond local site irritation, related to the vaccine administration was observed. The 3 dogs with known disease at study entry received 3, 1 and 4 treatments before discontinuation of treatment due to progressive disease. The 2 dogs without evidence of disease at study entry received all 4 planned treatments and remained without evidence for recurrence after treatment for the duration of the study (6 weeks). Only rare huTYR+ cells with macrophage-like morphology were observed in some vaccine site biopsies. A significant increase in anti-huTYR IgG was detected at Day 57 compared to pre-treatment in 2 of the 4 evaluable dogs (p = 0.03 Wilcoxon Mann Whitney), and these were the 2 dogs without evidence of disease at study entry. Baseline anti-huTYR IgG levels were also greater compared to IgG levels against an irrelevant control antigen. Conclusions: While microseeding of huTYR plasmid DNA resulted in only rare transgene expression at DNA doses up to 400 μg, humoral responses against huTYR were substantially boosted in 2 of 4 evaluable dogs. Additional testing is needed to determine if DNA microseeding enhances huTYR DNA vaccine immunogenicity compared to Biojector delivery. Citation Format: Cindy L. Zuleger, Chulhi Kang, Erik A. Ranheim, Ilene Kurzman, Michael D. Macklin, Michael A. Newton, David M. Vail, Jedd D. Wolchok, Elof Eriksson, Mark R. Albertini. Pilot study of DNA microseeding to activate immune rejection of canine melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2366.
Modulation of Macrophage Activation

Abstract In the last decades the standing of the macrophage has improved from “the Garbage man of the body,” to the main “conductor” of inflammation and adaptive immunity. To this new fame has contributed the discovery that macrophages can polarize in different functional phenotypes that participate in distinct phases of the inflammatory reaction, from initiation to development and resolution, passing from effector cells to immunosuppressive functions. Macrophage plasticity relies on their capacity to react to a wide array of microenvironmental signals, encompassing endogenous and exogenous molecules (eg, cytokines, microbial components, and drugs), changes in the environmental conditions (eg, hypoxia), and danger signals released during tissue injury or diseases (eg, cancer). The modulation of macrophage activities is a promising avenue currently explored in the therapeutic approaches to many diseases, in particular in the therapy of tumors through reactivating cytocidal capacity. This review summarizes how the modulation of macrophage activation occurs and how it can be exploited in therapeutic approaches.
Using Reflective Writing Practices to Articulate Student Learning in Counselor Education

ABSTRACTOne of our goals as counselor educators is to develop students who are reflective learners to then become reflective practitioners. Many of our accreditation standards and program mission statements discuss reflective practice, but very few teaching activities on developing reflective practices are included in counseling literature. How do we train students to become reflective practitioners? This article presents a creative teaching practice that counselor educators can apply to coursework. The author discusses the use of reflective writing practices to help students expand their learning, find meaning in their learning experiences, and articulate learning outcomes tied to course objectives and program standards. The article includes the description of one particular model, the DEAL Model for Critical Reflection, and a process of how to apply the model in counselor education. In addition, an explanation of learning categories and examples of associated question prompts are included.
Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract Background Data and best practice recommendations for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) use in adults are largely available. Although there are fewer data in pediatric populations and no published guidelines, its practice in children continues to grow. Methods We performed a literature search through PubMed to review all TMS studies from 1985 to 2016 involving children and documented any adverse events. Crude risks were calculated per session. Results Following data screening we identified 42 single-pulse and/or paired-pulse TMS studies involving 639 healthy children, 482 children with central nervous system disorders, and 84 children with epilepsy. Adverse events occurred at rates of 3.42%, 5.97%, and 4.55% respective to population and number of sessions. We also report 23 repetitive TMS studies involving 230 central nervous system and 24 children with epilepsy with adverse event rates of 3.78% and 0.0%, respectively. We finally identified three theta-burst stimulation studies involving 90 healthy children, 40 children with central nervous system disorder, and no epileptic children, with adverse event rates of 9.78% and 10.11%, respectively. Three seizures were found to have occurred in central nervous system disorder individuals during repetitive TMS, with a risk of 0.14% per session. There was no significant difference in frequency of adverse events by group ( P = 0.988) or modality ( P = 0.928). Conclusions Available data suggest that risk from TMS/theta-burst stimulation in children is similar to adults. We recommend that TMS users in this population follow the most recent adult safety guidelines until sufficient data are available for pediatric specific guidelines. We also encourage continued surveillance through surveys and assessments on a session basis.
P048 Motor mapping by transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals persistent ipsilateral corticospinal connections in the epileptic hemisphere in patients with intractable focal epilepsy

Introduction & objectives While corticospinal connections are overwhelmingly contralateral in children after the toddler years, ipsilateral corticospinal connections may persist in older children and adults particularly for the foot and proximal muscles. Here we test whether such preserved ipsilateral corticospinal connectivity occurs with bias toward either the affected or unaffected hemisphere in focal epilepsy. We reviewed the anatomical findings for the tibialis anterior (TA) representation in patients with intractable focal epilepsy without gross motor cortex abnormality, who underwent motor mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as part of epilepsy surgery evaluation. Patients & methods Children with epilepsy from a range of causes were entered into the study if they: (1) had focal, unilateral seizures, (2) undergone TMS mapping of motor cortical output to the TA bilaterally with a figure-of-eight coil, (3) have no evidence of MRI lesion in the region of the motor cortex or corticospinal tract, and (4) been found to have preserved ipsilateral TA representation in only one hemisphere. Of the 106 patients (ages 10 mo-27 y) who had nTMS for presurgical planning, 42 had motor mapping of both the left and right TA muscles. 20 of 44 patients had ipsilateral TA motor representation in both hemispheres, and 14 patients (age 13.2 y ± 5.2) met the predefined criteria for the analysis, with ipsilateral TA representation in only one hemisphere (Fig. 1 Download : Download high-res image (627KB) Download : Download full-size image ). Results In every patient with focal epilepsy that had a unilateral ipsilateral TA representation it was on the affected, epileptic hemisphere (14 of 14, 100%; p Conclusions Our findings suggest a pathologically-preserved immature motor lateralization in pediatric patients with focal epilepsy. This may be due to sustained abnormal electrical activity that alters normal corticospinal pathway maturation and maintains ipsilateral motor representation.
Xanthophylls and Excess-Energy Dissipation: A Genetic Dissection in Arabidopsis

Thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light energy is considered to play a key role in regulating light harvesting and electron transport, and to prevent photodamage to the photosynthetic apparatus (1, 2, 3). This harmless dissipation is triggered by an increase in the light-driven ΔpH across the thylakoid membrane and is thought to take place primarily in the light-harvesting complexes associated with PSII. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) is widely used as a measure of, and often as a synonym for, this dissipation process. ΔpH-dependent NPQ is usually by far the predominant component of the total NPQ, but other processes such as state changes and photodamage can also cause decreases in PSII fluorescence yield and thus contribute to the measured apparent NPQ. An estimate of their contribution can usually be obtained from the component that fails to relax upon removal of the light-driven proton gradient.
Transgenic Broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italica) and Cabbage (Var. capitata)

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) are two of the many economically important vegetable crops of the B. oleracea species. Broccoli is grown for its large, edible, very young inflorescences and has two different distinct forms. One variation is the single-headed type, known as “calabrese” in Great Britain. It differs from cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), consisting of clusters of fuHy differentiated green to purple flower buds less densely arranged in one large main head on a short central stalk. The other form of broccoli, “sprouting broccoli,” is multibranched, bearing many relatively small flowerheads with green, purpie or white flower buds. Cabbage forms include white, red and Savoy heading varieties. The edible part of the plant consists of a mass of thick overlapping leaves that tend to form a head around a central growing point. White and red varieties are known as hard-heading cabbage with smooth, flattened leaves forming a compact head. Savoy type cabbages have loose heads of curled and puckered leaves.
Free the Mind

The conceptual inspiration for "Free the Mind" was to capture the essence of the creative process and show the cognitive mental action taken by designers. Conveying this purpose through the manipulation of sustainable design materials and demonstrating an innovative way of creating a surface design technique. As designers we are funneled with ideas that flood our mind that we have to extrude and as such, I wanted to execute this through showing a direct connection to the destructive nature of a tornado, both abstractly and organically. This was achieved by gathering old sweaters and blouses and creating a new fabric for the collar and skirt. Creating the new textile was accomplished by adding a third dimension to the surface of the coat with old electronic wires and adapting a new and creative way of cording and hand embroidery.
A theory for fracture of polymeric gels

Abstract A polymeric gel is a cross-linked polymer network swollen with a solvent. If the concentration of the solvent or the deformation is increased to substantial levels, especially in the presence of flaws, then the gel may rupture. Although various theoretical aspects of coupling of fluid permeation with large deformation of polymeric gels are reasonably well-understood and modeled in the literature, the understanding and modeling of the effects of fluid diffusion on the damage and fracture of polymeric gels is still in its infancy. In this paper we formulate a thermodynamically-consistent theory for fracture of polymeric gels — a theory which accounts for the coupled effects of fluid diffusion, large deformations, damage, and also the gradient effects of damage. The particular constitutive equations for fracture of a gel proposed in our paper, contain two essential new ingredients: (i) Our constitutive equation for the change in free energy of a polymer network accounts for not only changes in the entropy, but also changes in the internal energy due the stretching of the Kuhn segments of the polymer chains in the network. (ii) The damage and failure of the polymer network is taken to occur by chain-scission, a process which is driven by the changes in the internal energy of the stretched polymer chains in the network, and not directly by changes in the configurational entropy of the polymer chains. The theory developed in this paper is numerically implemented in an open-source finite element code MOOSE, by writing our own application. Using this simulation capability we report on our study of the fracture of a polymeric gel, and some interesting phenomena which show the importance of the diffusion of the fluid on fracture response of the gel are highlighted.
Caffeine Augments Anesthesia Neurotoxicity in the Fetal Macaque Brain.

Caffeine is the most frequently used medication in premature infants. It is the respiratory stimulant of choice for apnea associated with prematurity and has been called the silver bullet in neonatology because of many proven benefits and few known risks. Research has revealed that sedative/anesthetic drugs trigger apoptotic death of neurons and oligodendrocytes in developing mammalian brains. Here we evaluated the influence of caffeine on the neurotoxicity of anesthesia in developing nonhuman primate brains. Fetal macaques (n = 7–8/group), at a neurodevelopmental age comparable to premature human infants, were exposed in utero for 5 hours to no drug (control), isoflurane, or isoflurane + caffeine and examined for evidence of apoptosis. Isoflurane exposure increased apoptosis 3.3 fold for neurons and 3.4 fold for oligodendrocytes compared to control brains. Isoflurane + caffeine caused neuronal apoptosis to increase 8.0 fold compared to control levels but did not augment oligoapoptosis. Neuronal death was particularly pronounced in the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Higher blood levels of caffeine within the range considered therapeutic and safe for human infants correlated with increased neuroapoptosis. Caffeine markedly augments neurotoxicity of isoflurane in the fetal macaque brain and challenges the assumption that caffeine is safe for premature infants.
iScheduler: intelligent scheduling system for academic institutions

Resource management and intelligent scheduling is a complex problem for university administrators and especially for smaller academic units. These units and institutions often are unable to accurately predict future scheduling needs, because they mainly rely on historical schedule and institutional memory as opposed to actionable data. This leads to a variety of issues. For example, when courses have to be cancelled at the last minute due to low enrollment the cascading effects impact student progress towards graduation, retention, faculty schedule, etc. In this poster, we present iScheduler, a web-based tool, to allow unit administrators to create data-informed course schedules, reducing the need for unplanned, last minute cancellation of courses. iScheduler was initiated as a class project and partially implemented as part of a graduate student project.
Migration and Environmental Change in North America (USA and Canada)

This chapter addresses the intersection of migration and environmental trends in North America in the context of global environmental change, including a historical review of past migrations related to environmental events as well as a description of regional climate change forecasts and current migrations trends, a brief review of past environmental migration in the region, and an overview of recent research on population mobility and climate change events. The general conclusion is that environmental factors may not be the primary driver of migration for the region as a whole, but that climate change events will likely have a role at the local level. Also, being an area of international immigration, impacts in sending areas could lead to changes in current patterns.
STRUCTURE DETERMINATIONS ON SIMPLE HYDROCARBONS BY MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY

Summary * The microwave spectra of several isotopic species of propane, isobutane, and propylene have been studied in order to obtain precise molecular structures. The C13 species of propylene were observed in natural abundance; enriched samples were used for C13 isobutane and propane and for the deuterated species. The CC distance in isobutane is 1·525 a and the CCC angle is 111·2°. Each of the methyl groups is oriented such that one hydrogen atom is staggered with respect to the other two carbon atoms; i.e., the overall symmetry of the molecule is C3v. The final results on propane indicate a CC distance of 1·526 a and a CCC angle of 112·4°. In the case of propylene the structure determination is not so accurate because the carbon atoms lie close to principal axes. However, there is evidence that the CC double bond distance is essentially the same as the corresponding distance in ethylene. The CCC angle in propylene is accurately determined as 124·3°.
Data Extraction From Repositories On The Web: A Semi-Automatic Approach

The World Wide Web (WWW) is becoming the most important source of information for business intelligence and information dissemination. Past information gathering techniques like surfing and sifting are proving insufficient in processing the vast volumes of data readily available from the Web. In addition, companies are being forced to integrate this vast data repository within specific cost, time, and reliability spectrums. This paper presents the fundamentals of a system called "Browser Harness" (B2H) that extracts the requested data from Web sites in a supervised fashion. The algorithmic background of this system is based on the tag structure of web pages, as HTML is the predominate choice for rendering web page content on the WWW. B2H is an interactive tool for harnessing data from semi-structured and structured web pages by analyzing the tag structure of the input page and locating the data in the HTML code. The extracted data is then exported to XML, delimited text, or database tables.
Surgically Assisted Transcatheter Balloon-Expandable Valve in Inferior Vena Cava for Torrential Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with decreased survival independent of risk factors such as ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension.1 Of the 1.6 million patients with moderate to severe TR, each year <8,000 undergo surgery.1 The operative mortality rate is 8%–10%.2 Although symptoms typically diminish, there is no literature suggesting a survival benefit.1, 3 The progression of severe TR devolves into right heart failure, liver dysfunction, and renal failure. It is unclear how to manage these patients when end organ dysfunction precludes surgical intervention. Novel therapies have emerged to treat patients with passive congestion whose TR is too severe for other transcatheter valve therapies. Adaptation of transcatheter aortic valve technology has been used to treat the upstream effects of severe TR by placing a transcatheter valve into the inferior vena cava (IVC) alone4 or in addition to a valve in the superior vena cava.5 This technique involves implanting a one-way valve at the right atrial–IVC junction, preventing regurgitation of blood into the caval veins. We discuss the first surgically assisted transcatheter implantation of the SAPIEN 3 valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) into a markedly dilated IVC. In this approach, the IVC diameter is reduced by an external ring.
Medicaid Cost Trajectories for Children With Serious Emotional Disturbance: The HCBS Waiver Program Versus Targeted Case Management.

Objective:The study compared Medicaid cost-effectiveness for children with serious emotional disturbance receiving services from two programs operated by the New York State Office of Mental Health:...
Impact of smoking on pathological features in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether smokers with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) have tumors with more adverse pathological features than in nonsmokers and whether or not these are predictive of outcomes. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified 163 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I–IVa OCSCC diagnosed between 2005 and 2015 and treated with curative intent. A pathological risk score (PRS) was calculated using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network adverse risk factors: positive margin, extracapsular extension of lymph node metastases, pT3 or pT4 primary, N2 or N3 nodal disease, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular space invasion. Multivariable models were constructed to determine the independent predictors of overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and PRS. Results: A total of 108 (66.26%) were smokers and 55 nonsmokers. Three-year actuarial OS and RFS were 62% and 68% in smokers and 81% and 69% in nonsmokers, respectively (P = 0.06 and P = 0.63). Smokers were more likely to have advanced disease stage and tumors with aggressive pathological features than nonsmokers. Smokers had significantly worse PRS (mean ± standard deviation; 2.38 ± 2.19, median; 2.00) than nonsmokers (0.89 ± 1.21, 0.00) (P Conclusion: In patients with OCSCC, smokers have more aggressive disease as evidenced by more adverse pathological features than nonsmokers. Moreover, smoking is an independent predictor of OS but not RFS. The PRS is a significant predictor of OS and needs validation in the future studies.
Secure Base Representations among Inner-City Adolescents

Previous literature highlights attachment security as a key antecedent of early affective regulation that is frequently associated with positive socioemotional outcomes in early childhood. Less is known of attachment in adolescence, particularly within underserved, stress-exposed families. The current study investigated relations among adolescents’ secure base knowledge (an indicator of secure attachment), internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and stress and trauma exposure. Participants were 83 inner-city adolescents (ages 13–18 years; 72.3% African American) and one of their primary caregivers (75.9% biological mothers). Secure base knowledge was assessed utilizing the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA). After controlling for adolescents’ exposure to potentially stressful or traumatic events, secure base knowledge uniquely predicted fewer internalizing, but not externalizing, problems. Analyses controlled for youth receptive vocabulary, age, and gender. This study provides further evidence that youth attachment security contributes uniquely to fewer youth internalizing problems even within the context of numerous contextual risks. Furthermore, results add to the understanding the utility of the ASA among youth in an urban context.
Daydreaming and Fantasy (Psychology Revivals)

Daydreaming, our ability to give ‘to airy nothing a local habitation and a name’, remains one of the least understood aspects of human behaviour. As children we explore beyond the boundaries of our experience by projecting ourselves into the mysterious worlds outside our reach. As adolescents and adults we transcend frustration by dreams of achievement or escape, and use daydreaming as a way out of intolerable situations and to help survive boredom, drudgery or routine. In old age we turn back to happier memories as a relief from loneliness or frailty, or wistfully daydream about what we would do if we had our time over again. Why is it that we have the ability to alternate between fantasy and reality? Is it possible to have ambition or the ability to experiment, create or invent without the catalyst of fantasy? Are sexual fantasies an inherent part of human behaviour? Are they universal, healthy, destructive? Is daydreaming itself destructive? Or is it a force which facilitates change and which can even be harnessed to positive advantage? In this provocative book, originally published in 1975, the product of the previous twenty-five years of research, the author debates the nature and function of daydreaming in the light of his own experiments. As well as investigating what is a normal ‘fantasy-life’ and outlining patterns and types of daydreaming, he describes the role of daydreaming in schizophrenia and paranoia, examines the fantasies and hallucinations induced by drugs and also the nature of altered states of consciousness in Zen and Transcendental Meditation. Among the many topics covered, he explains how it is possible to help children enlarge their capacity for fantasy, how adults can make positive use of daydreaming and how people on the verge of disturbed behaviour are often unconscious of their own fantasies. Advances in scientific methods and new experimental techniques had made it possible at this time to monitor both conscious daydreaming and sub-conscious fantasies in a way not possible before. Professor Singer is one of the few scientists who have conducted substantial research in this area and it is his belief that the study of daydreaming and fantasy is of great importance if we are to understand the workings of the human mind.
Modeling the Seebeck coefficient for organic materials with the Kubo–Greenwood integral and a Gaussian density of states

The Seebeck coefficient (SC) or thermopower of an organic material may be modeled by using an energy-dependent Gaussian density of states and an energy-dependent diffusivity. Once these have been formulated or parameterized from experimental evidence, the Kubo–Greenwood integral can then be employed in order to analytically evaluate the Seebeck coefficient. The main purpose is to show that a complete analytical formula for the Seebeck coefficient may be obtained for an organic material without recourse to any analytical approximations, asymptotic formulations, or numerical methods. The method developed in this article should not be used to supplant other methods, but to supplement them. In fact, the main advantage for having an analytical formula for the SC is for its use in parametric studies. In order to illustrate the analytical method developed in this article, the author has chosen, for simplicity, a constant diffusivity over the entire density of states energy range. However, it will be shown that this in no way limits the method.
Acute-on-chronic liver failure: management and prognosis.

Purpose of review Hospitalizations due to complications of cirrhosis continue to rise. Patients with chronic liver disease who suffer acute decompensation [acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)] often require intensive care support and are at high risk for short-term mortality. Given the high mortality rate associated with this condition is incumbent on intensive care providers who care for this patient population to have a working knowledge of ACLF with its associated complications, management strategies and prognosis. Recent findings Recognizing ACLF as a distinct clinical entity has gained international attention in recent years though a consensus does not exist. There has been progress on better defining this clinical entity and recent studies have begun to address the critical care needs of these patients. Additional studies are required to define the best care practices for patients with ACLF. Summary ACLF is a condition occurring in patients with chronic liver disease which is commonly associated with a need for intensive care support and carries a high risk of short-term mortality. Intensive care specialists must be familiar with diagnosis and management of this condition.
Leveraging partnerships for long-term recovery and smart growth resiliency

On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall and caused extraordinary devastation across the northeastern United States (Figure 1). It was the second costliest disaster in the United States at the time and damaged some of the most densely populated areas of the country. The impacted area spanned county, regional, and state boundaries, encompassed entities that did not normally collaborate, and brought issues to light that were typically addressed independently by a variety of government authorities. With the complexity of the disaster and extent of damage, individuals that were involved in the response and recovery efforts inherently knew that longterm recovery would extend out many years, even decades, into the future and would require an immense amount of coordination and resources. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) New York Joint Field Office (JFO), located in Queens, NY, was the headquarters for disaster coordination for New York during the initial phase of recovery.
Impact of Hourly Rounds on Obstetric Patients' Perception of Care

Healthcare organizations in the United States embrace multiple challenges in order to provide affordable and high quality care to consumers. Major stakeholders, such as Medicare and Medicaid, task hospitals with accepting patients’ perception of care as one of important quality metrics. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Services (HCAHPS) survey became an important publicly reported tool for federal, state and private payers as well as healthcare consumers in comparing patients’ perception of quality of care received in hospitals. Hourly rounds (HR) have been identified as a successful strategy in improving medical and surgical patients’ clinical outcomes (Studer Group, 2007), contributing to increase in patients’ perception in communication with nurses and satisfaction with hospital stay (Ford, 2010; Meade et al., 2006; Olrich et al., 2012). Literature search, however, revealed a lack of evidence demonstrating benefits of HR on postpartum/Mother Baby Units (MBU) for obstetrical patients. This DNP project examined a possible impact of implementation of nursing staff HR on patients admitted to a MBU of a metropolitan hospital in northeastern part of the US and patients’ perception of communication with nurses and likelihood to recommend the hospital, as evidenced from HCAHPS surveys results.
Fetoscopic spina bifida repair.

Introduction Spina bifida is the most common non-lethal congenital birth defect of the central nervous system that causes chronic disability due to the combined effects of local nerve damage and the sequelae of non-communicating hydrocephalus. This abnormality can be identified early in gestation and the damage can be progressive over the course of pregnancy. Advances in fetal treatment have made minimally invasive prenatal surgery a realistic consideration for spina bifida in order to improve the outcome for children affected this condition. Evidence acquisition Prenatal surgery for spina bifida via open fetal surgery with hysterotomy decreases the rate of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and improves motor function compared to standard postnatal surgery. Maternal risks of open fetal surgery are primarily related to complications of the hysterotomy including thinning or rupture that begins in the index pregnancy but persists for every future pregnancy. Minimizing maternal risks is the largest impetus to explore and optimize a minimally invasive fetoscopic alternative. Techniques vary from using a complete percutaneous approach to open fetoscopy, which requires laparotomy but is minimally invasive to the uterus. This allows vaginal delivery at term and no scar complications are reported thus far. Fetal short-term neurosurgical outcomes compare favorably with improvement in hindbrain herniation >70% and decreased need for treatment for hydrocephalus between 40-45% after prenatal surgery performed either fetoscopically or through open fetal surgery. Evidence synthesis Maternal obstetric outcomes are superior for fetoscopic spina bifida repair compared to open fetal surgery and avoids the ongoing risk in future pregnancy. Neonatal and infant benefits appear equivalent. The open fetoscopic approach minimizes the risk of ruptured membranes and subsequent preterm delivery as opposed to a completely percutaneous procedure. International collaboration is ongoing to share experience and assess long term treatment effects. Conclusions Continued refinement of a minimally invasive strategy for prenatal treatment of spina bifida is necessary to maximize benefits to the child and further minimize maternal risks and preterm birth.
The effect of conspecific cues on honey bee foraging behavior

Foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera) seem to use the presence of conspecific foragers as cues for flower quality. However, there is disagreement regarding how a conspecific cue is perceived by other foragers (enhancement or inhibition). Most studies manipulate the total number of bees foraging in an arena or the presence or absence of a bee on a flower and then observe the behavior of one forager in response to a single conspecific, which does not reflect natural foraging. We tested how a range of conspecifics on flowers affected on which flowers foraging honey bees landed. We trained students from a biology class for non-STEM majors to collect data and tested whether the number of conspecifics on flowers influences on which flower foragers land. We found that foragers land more frequently on flowers occupied by more conspecifics, which supports the hypothesis that conspecifics are cues for local enhancement. Our results increase our understanding of how honey bees forage once at a flower patch.
Good intentions aren't good enough: Moral courage in opposing sexual harassment

Abstract People may intend to call out or report sexual harassment but fail to do so when actually encountering it. In one exploratory study and one preregistered confirmatory study, more participants intended to take action against harassing behavior they encountered online than actually did so. Informed by Halmburger, Baumert, and Schmitt's (2016) integrative model of moral courage, we examined several individual difference variables (gender, trait moral courage, narcissism, agreeableness, and moral foundations) and one situational variable (multiple opportunities to report) that we argue play an important role in taking morally courageous action against sexual harassment. We found that women were more likely than men to report sexual harassment. We also found that trait moral courage measured as ability to interpret, and willingness to violate, social norms positively predicted reporting and confronting the harassment better than trait moral courage measured as gauging moral goals and moral identity more generally. We explored the role of agreeableness and moral foundations and found that while agreeableness did not predict confronting, it did predict reporting the harassment; fairness moral concerns positively predicted whether observers reported and confronted, while loyalty moral concerns negatively predicted reporting and confronting. Multiple regression analyses indicate that trait moral courage (positively) and narcissism (negatively) are the most consistent unique predictors of behaviors combatting sexual harassment. Combined, our results provide insights into the psychological processes involved in the moral courage to oppose sexual harassment.
Autonomous Use of the Home Virtual Rehabilitation System: A Feasibility and Pilot Study.

Objective: This article describes the findings of a study examining the ability of persons with strokes to use home virtual rehabilitation system (HoVRS), a home-based rehabilitation system, and the impact of motivational enhancement techniques on subjects' motivation, adherence, and motor function improvements subsequent to a 3-month training program. Materials and Methods: HoVRS integrates a Leap Motion controller, a passive arm support, and a suite of custom-designed hand rehabilitation simulations. For this study, we developed a library of three simulations, which include activities such as flexing and extending fingers to move a car, flying a plane with wrist movement, and controlling an avatar running in a maze using reaching movements. Two groups of subjects, the enhanced motivation (EM) group and the unenhanced control (UC) group, used the system for 12 weeks in their homes. The EM group trained using three simulations that provided 8-12 levels of difficulty and complexity. Graphics and scoring opportunities increased at each new level. The UC group performed the same simulations, but difficulty was increased utilizing an algorithm that increased difficulty incrementally, making adjustments imperceptible. Results: Adherence to both the EM and UC protocols exceeded adherence to home exercise programs described in the stroke rehabilitation literature. Both groups demonstrated improvements in upper extremity function. Intrinsic motivation levels were better for the EM group and motivation levels were maintained for the 12-week protocol. Conclusion: A 12-week home-based training program using HoVRS was feasible. Motivational enhancement may have a positive impact on motivation, adherence, and motor outcome.
Vicarious trial-and-error is enhanced during deliberation in human virtual navigation in a translational neuroeconomic task

Foraging tasks can provide valuable insights into decision-making, as animals choose how to allocate limited resources (such as time). In the "Restaurant Row" task, rodents move between several sites to obtain food rewards available after a variable delay, while in a translational version (the "Web-Surf") lacking the navigation component, humans are offered short videos. Both tasks have provided novel insights into decision-making and have been applied to addiction vulnerability and the impact of drug exposure on decision-making. We tested new tasks (the "Movie Row" and "Candy Row") which use virtual navigation to determine if the behavioral correlates of human decision-making are more broadly similar to those of rodents, and explored the relationship of task performance to smoking and obesity. Humans navigated a virtual maze presented on standard computers to obtain rewards (either short videos or candy) available after a variable delay. Behavior on the tasks replicated previous results for the Restaurant Row and Web-Surf. In conditions promoting deliberation, decision latency was elevated along with measures of vicarious trial-and-error (VTE), supporting VTE as a shared behavioral index of deliberation across species. Smoking status was not well-related to performance, while high BMI (> 25) individuals showed reduced sensitivity to a sunk-costs measure and stronger sensitivity to offer value for offers below the preferred delay. These data support the Movie and Candy Row as translational tools to study decision-making during foraging in humans, providing convergent results with a rodent navigation task and demonstrating the potential to provide novel insights relevant to public health.
Inhalation Therapy for Stable COPD: 20 Years of GOLD Reports

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was formed in the late 1990s to spread awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a major public health problem and facilitate its prevention and treatment. GOLD has since become internationally recognized for the development of evidence-based strategy documents, most notably the annual GOLD Reports, for COPD diagnosis, management, and prevention. The GOLD Reports incorporate the latest evidence and expert consensus to guide the management and prevention of COPD on a global level. Since the first GOLD Report in 2001, profound innovations have taken place regarding inhaler device options, available pharmaceuticals, knowledge regarding effective dosages and potential side effects, and the various combinations of drugs used to relieve symptoms. Concomitantly, an evolution of expert opinion on how best to apply these innovations to the care of patients with COPD has also taken place, an evolution that is nowhere more detailed or definitive than in the 20 years of annual GOLD Reports. We summarize key features and trends in inhalation therapy for stable COPD in these Reports.
Infection control practices in children during COVID-19 pandemic: Differences from adults.

Background Limited studies have been published on practices and management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children. Despite the fact that COVID-19 rarely caused any severe disease in children, the asymptomatic children might be playing an important role for spreading COVID-19 in healthcare facilities. This review aimed at sharing our experience of how to handle patients with COVID-19 in a pediatric referral and tertiary care hospital to prevent the possible transmissions to the healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods This review sought to identify infection control practices measures during COVID-19 pandemic comes from our daily practice combined with the most recent guidelines with the new experience and information. Results Prevention the transmission of COVID-19 to the HCWs, 4 primary themes should be taken into consideration; (1) ongoing education and importance of the organization of the healthcare facility, (2) proper clinical triage and isolation of the suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the outpatient clinics and in the emergency departments, (3) necessity of the organization of the COVID-19 wards, and (4) utilization of personal protective equipment. Conclusions Infection control precautions to prevent the possible transmissions to HCWs as well as the other patients and their caregivers from children with COVID-19 are very critical. If sufficient precautions are not taken, healthcare settings may serve as additional source of transmission and spread of COVID-19 in the society.
Estimation of Body Fat Percentage for Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies in Children.

Obesity is a prevalent childhood condition and The degree of adiposity appears likely to be an important covariate in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of many drugs. We undertook these studies to facilitate the evaluation and, where appropriate, quantification of the covariate effect of body fat percentage (BF%) on PK parameters in children. We examined two large databases to determine the values and variabilities of BF% in children with healthy body weights and in those with obesity, comparing the accuracy and precision of BF% estimation by both clinical methods and demographically-derived techniques. Additionally, we conducted simulation studies to evaluate the utility of the several methods for application in clinical trials. BF% was correlated with body mass index (BMI), but was highly variable among both children with healthy body weights and those with obesity. Bio-impedance and several demographically-derived techniques produced mean estimates of BF% that differed from dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) by less than 1% (accuracy) and a standard deviation of 5% or less (precision). Simulation studies confirmed that when the differences in precision among the several methods were small compared with unexplained between-subject variability of a PK parameter, the techniques were of similar value in assessing the contribution of BF%, if any, as a covariate for that PK parameter. The combination of sex and obesity stage explained 68% of the variance of BF% with BMI. The estimation of BF% from sex and obesity stage can routinely be applied to PK clinical trials to evaluate the contribution of BF% as a potential covariate.
Amphibian Hormones, Calcium Physiology, Bone Weight, and Lung Use Call for a More Inclusive Approach to Understanding Ossification Sequence Evolution

Skeleton plays a huge role in understanding how vertebrate animals have diversified in phylogeny, ecology and behavior. Recent evo-devo research has used ossification sequences to compare skeletal development among major groups, to identify conserved and labile aspects of a sequence within a group, to derive ancestral and modal sequences, and to look for modularity based on embryonic origin and type of bone. However, questions remain about how to detect and order bone appearances, the adaptive significance of ossification sequences and their relationship to adult function, and the utility of categorizing bones by embryonic origin and type. Also, the singular focus on bone appearances and the omission of other tissues and behavioral, ecological and life history events limit the relevance of such analyses. Amphibians accentuate these concerns because of their highly specialized biphasic life histories and the exceptionally late timing, and high variability of their ossification sequences. Amphibians demonstrate a need for a whole-animal, whole-ontogeny approach that integrates the entire ossification process with physiology, behavior and ecology. I discuss evidence and hypotheses for how hormone mediation and calcium physiology might elicit non-adaptive variability in ossification sequence, and for adaptive strategies to partition larval habitats using bone to offset the buoyancy created by lung use. I also argue that understanding plasticity in ossification requires shifting focus away from embryonic development and adult function, and towards postembryonic mechanisms of regulating skeletal growth, especially ones that respond directly to midlife environments and behaviors.
A Performance Analysis of Supervised Machine Learning Techniques for COVID-19 and Happiness Report Dataset

Researchers and scientists from all over the world have been working to find the cure for the severe acute respiratory disease, coronavirus, since the start of an epidemic in Wuhan, China. Governments all over the world are taking unprecedented measures to slow the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which is caused by the serious acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Many policies, such as school closings and population confinement, impose significant and noticeable costs on society. This report focuses to analyze the data in which we have merged two datasets, happiness report dataset which shows the data that how much citizens have freedom. The second dataset considered here is COVID-19 dataset which has confirmed cases grouped by different countries. This system applies different machine learning algorithms which includes linear regression, logistics regression, support vector machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and their performance metrics are analyzed. Based on the experimental results and discussion, the best algorithm is identified and concluded in the study.