cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship among elementary teachers’ content knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices

This study investigated 481 in-service elementary teachers’ level of mathematical content knowledge, attitudes toward mathematics, beliefs about the effectiveness of inquiry-based instruction, use of inquiry-based instruction and modeled the relationship among these variables. Upper elementary teachers (grades 3–5) were found to have greater content knowledge and more positive attitudes toward mathematics than primary teachers (grades K-2). There was no difference in teachers’ beliefs about effective instruction, but primary level teachers were found to use inquiry-based instruction more frequently than upper elementary teachers. Consistent with Ernest’s [Ernest (1989). The knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of the mathematics teacher: A model. Journal of Education for Teaching, 15(1), 13–33] model of mathematics teaching, content knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs were all found to be related to teachers’ instructional practice. Furthermore, beliefs were found to partially mediate the effects of content knowledge and attitudes on instructional practice. Content knowledge was found to be negatively related to beliefs in the effectiveness of inquiry-based instruction and teachers’ use of inquiry-based instruction in their classrooms. However, overall, teachers with more positive attitudes toward mathematics were more likely to believe in the effectiveness of inquiry-based instruction and use it more frequently in their classroom. Teacher beliefs were found to have the strongest effect on teachers’ practice. Implications for the goals and objectives of elementary mathematics methods courses and professional development are discussed.
Inverse correlation between species life span and capacity of cultured fibroblasts to bind 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to DNA

Three independent fibroblast strains (skin and lung) were isolated from six mammalian species of widely differing life spans, and the rate at which each cell strain binds [3H]DMBA to its DNA was determined. A very good inverse correlation between species life span and the rate of binding of [3H]DMBA to DNA was observed.
Optimal urban land use and zoning

The paper studies the optimal distribution of business and residential land in a circular city. Once the optimum is characterized, we analyze the effect of changes in commuting costs and externality parameters. We also propose policies like labor subsidies, land taxes and zoning restrictions that can implement the efficient allocation as an equilibrium, or close the gap between the optimal and equilibrium allocations. The results show that business land is more concentrated at the center of the city in the optimum and that higher commuting costs increase the difference between optimal and equilibrium allocations.
Topical application of the cornea post-infection with plasmid DNA encoding interferon-α1 but not recombinant interferon-αA reduces herpes simplex virus type 1-induced mortality in mice

A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of recombinant interferon (rIFN)-αA to plasmid DNA encoding IFN-α1 against ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The topical application of rIFN-αA (100–300 units/eye) onto the cornea of mice subsequently infected 24 h later with HSV-1 antagonized viral-induced mortality. The enhancement in cumulative survival in the rIFN-αA-treated mice correlated with a reduction of viral titers recovered in the eye and trigeminal ganglion (TG) at 3 and 6 days post-infection. The protective effect was site-specific such that when rIFN-αA was administered orally or intranasally, no efficacy against HSV-1 was observed. However, the protective effect was time-dependent. Specifically, when the rIFN-αA (100–1000 units/eye) was administered at 24 h post-infection, no protective effect was observed against HSV-1 compared to the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, plasmid DNA (100 μg/eye) containing the IFN-α1 transgene showed significant protection when topically applied 24 h post-infection. Although the transgene was found to traffic distal from the site of application (eye), including the trigeminal ganglion and the spleen where CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells express the transgene, the migration of the transgene did not correlate with efficacy. Collectively, the results suggest that naked DNA encoding type I IFN applied post-infection provides a greater degree of protection against ocular HSV-1 infection in comparison with recombinant protein effectively antagonizing viral replication and spread.
Brightness of colored self-luminous displays

This article summarizes the work of TC-1.4 of the CIE in its attempt to improve the measurement of the quantity of light. It has become apparent in recent years that there are a number of instances in which two lights that measure the same do not look equally bright or have the same effectiveness for vision. These inconsistencies stem directly from our definition of light, radiant power evaluated by V(Λ), the luminous efficiency function of the human eye. since under certain conditions the use of this function to evaluate spectral irradiance may be inappropriate. A number of examples of the incorrect use of V(Λ) are given and particular emphasis is placed upon the evaluation of self-luminous colored displays. A variety of techniques for solving the problems is discussed.
Improving Phytate Phosphorus Availability in Corn and Soybean Meal for Broilers Using Microbial Phytase and Calculation of Phosphorus Equivalency Values for Phytase

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of Natuphos phytase for improving P availability of soybean meal-based semipurified diets (SP, Experiments 1 and 2) and corn-soybean meal-based diets (CS, Experiment 2) fed to broilers (1 to 21 d). There were 360 and 288 birds fed the SP diets in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and 288 birds were fed the CS diets in Experiment 2. Phosphorus equivalency values for phytase were calculated. The basal diets were formulated to contain 0.27% nonphytate P (nP); the SP basal diet contained 0.45% total P (tP) that included 0.17% P as defluorinated phosphate; the CS basal diet contained 0.51% tP that contained 0.12% P as defluorinated phosphate. Both basal diets were supplemented with defluorinated phosphate to provide 0.36, 0.45, of 0.54% nP or with 350, 700, or 1,050 U of phytase/kg diets. Supplementing defluorinated phosphate and phytase linearly increased BW gain (P < 0.001), feed intake (P < 0.001), and percentage ash of dried toes (P < 0.01). Phytase addition increased apparent retention of P (P < 0.02), Ca (P < 0.005 in Experiment 2), and N (P <0.06 in Experiment 2 for CS), increased apparent digestibility of DM (P < 0.04), and linearly decreased (P <0.005) P excretion. In comparison to the 0.45% np diet, P excretion was reduced 42 to 51% by addition of phytase. The addition of defluorinated phosphate linearly decreased apparent retention of P (P < 0.02) and Ca (P < 0.005 in Experiment 2), and increased P excretion (P < 0.007). The average of released P by phytase calculated by solving nonlinear or linear response equations of P and phytase levels for SP diets in Experiments 1 and 2 gave a P equivalency value 1 g P = 1,146 U of phytase. The P equivalency value for CS diets fed only in Experiment 2 was 785 U of phytase = 1 g P as defluorinated phosphate. These studies show that microbial phytase is effective for improving P availability and for decreasing P excretion. Added phytase can also increase Ca and N retention.
Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848

Work and Revolution in France is particularly appropriate for students of French history interested in the crucial revolutions that took place in 1789, 1830, and 1848. Sewell has reconstructed the artisans' world from the corporate communities of the old regime, through the revolutions in 1789 and 1830, to the socialist experiments of 1848. Research has revealed that the most important class struggles took place in craft workshops, not in 'dark satanic mills'. In the 1830s and 1840s, workers combined the collectivism of the corporate guild tradition with the egalitarianism of the revolutionary tradition, producing a distinct artisan form of socialism and class consciousness that climaxed in the Parisian Revolution of 1848. The book follows artisans into their everyday experience of work, fellowship, and struggles and places their history in the context of wider political, economic, and social developments. Sewell analyzes the 'language of labor' in the broadest sense, dealing not only with what the workers and others wrote and said about labour but with the whole range of institutional conventions, economic practices, social struggles, ritual gestures, customs, and actions that gave the workers' world a comprehensive shape.
Abstract P6-14-04: Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Women with Clinic Stage II/III Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

Background: We conducted a randomized Phase II study examining the effect zoledronic acid (ZA) on disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Lancet Oncology11:421). We now report on the effect of ZA administered concurrently with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy on disease-free survival and overall survival in this patient population. Methods: Between March 2003-2006, 120 women with newly diagnosed clinical stage II/III breast cancer were randomized to either ZA 4 mg IV every 3 weeks for 1 year starting with the first cycle of chemotherapy or no bisphosphonate. 4 cycles of epirubicin (75 mg/m 2 )/docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 ) were given prior to surgery and 2 cycles in the adjuvant setting. Eligible patients received adjuvant endocrine therapy and trastuzumab. Disease-free survival was defined as the time from trial registration to first detectable recurrence. Overall survival was defined as the time from trial registration to date of breast-cancer related death. Data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Of 120 patients randomized 119 patients were evaluable. Treatment arms were balanced for grade, menopausal status, and tumor biomarkers. Tumors of 55 (46.2%) women were estrogen-receptor (ER) positive/Her2-negative, 40 (33.6%) were ER-negative/Her2-negative and 24 (20.2%) were Her2-positive.With a median follow up of 61.9 (4.93-85.43) months, there was no significant difference in recurrence or survival between the ZA and no ZA groups (p=0.88, p=.92 respectively). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that time to recurrence and death was significantly different between patient groups based on ER-status and ZA treatment (p=.013 for recurrence, p=.013 for survival). Months Time to recurrence and hazard of death was similar in three of the subgroups, ER-positive/Her2-negative/control, ER-positive/Her2-negative/ZA, and ER-negative/Her2-negative/ZA (p>.05 for recurrence and p>.05 for survival. ER-negative/Her2- negative patients in the no ZA treatment arm experienced a significantly decreased time to recurrence and survival compared to ER-positive patients (p=.0039, p=.0074, respectively). The hazard ratio of death for ER-negative/Her2-negative patients was reduced from 8.36 to 3.15 with ZA treatment. The estimated 5yr survival for ER-positive/Her2-negative/control, ER-positive/Her2-negative/ZA, ER-negative/Her2-negative/control, ER-negative/Her2-negative/ZA were 96.6%, 80.0%, 63.2% and 81.0% respectively. Discussion: ZA administered with chemotherapy conferred a disease-free survival and overall survival benefit to a subset of breast cancer patients with ER-negative/Her2-negative tumors. Longer follow-up may be required to determine if there is a benefit in other tumor subgroups. Larger studies are warranted to examine the effects of ZA in patients at high risk of developing metastatic disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-04.
Influence of Colostrum Preservation and Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance of Dairy Calves

Forty-eight Holstein calves were fed one of four liquid diets from 3 to 30 days of age to compare sodium benzoate, propionic acid, and formaldehyde as preservatives for colostrum. Colostrum batches were fermented at temperatures of 20 degrees C or higher. Diets were 2.73 kg of 1) naturally fermented colostrum, or colostrum treated with 2) sodium benzoate (.5% by weight), 3) propionic acid (1.0% by weight), or 4) formaldehyde (.05% by weight). Colostrum diets were diluted with .91 kg water. Prior to feeding, 25 g. sodium bicarbonate was added to liquid diets of one-half the calves on each treatment. Liquid diets were fed once daily. Water and a 15% crude protein complete starter were offered for ad libitum consumption. Calves were weaned abruptly at 30 days of age and received only water and starter from 31 to 44 days of age. Daily gain from 0 to 4 wk and 0 to 6 wk favored calves fed colostrum treated with sodium benzoate or propionic acid. Gains from 0 to 6 wk were .33, .44, .45, and .32 kg/day for the four diets, and feed efficiencies (kg dry matter intake/kg gain) were 3.23, 2.36, 2.76, and 2.89 during the same period. Addition of sodium bicarbonate to colostrum diets improved intake during the 1st wk of feeding. Gain and feed efficiency were similar during wk 0 to 4 but favored slightly calves not receiving sodium bicarbonate during the overall study, wk 0 to 6. Daily gain and efficiencies during wk 0 to 6 were .41 and 2.53 for calves without .36 and 3.01 with sodium bicarbonate added to colostrum diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Plasma Dopamine β-Hydroxylase: A Possible Aid in the Study and Evaluation of Hypertension

The activity of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) in plasma ranged from 2 to 100 units per liter of plasma in 82 apparently healthy subjects (ages 22 to 35 years). A nonnormal pattern of distribution was evident: 62 subjects had values below 35 units (18 ± 1), while 13 of the remaining 20 subjects had values above 60 units (80 ± 5). Those with low DBH activity had lower values for urinary catecholamine excretion (31 ± 3 micrograms), with normal and stable blood pressure; those with high DBH activity had higher values for urinary catecholamine excretion (72 ± 6 micrograms), with greater lability of arterial blood pressure. The DBH activity was significantly elevated in patients with labile (74 ± 2 mm-Hg) or fixed (57 ± 2 mm-Hg) essential hypertension. The results indicate that plasma DBH activity is low and that it falls within a narrow range in young adults with normal and stable blood pressure.
Tidally generated sea-floor lineations in Bristol Bay, Alaska, USA

Highly reflective linear features occur in water depths of 20–30 m in northern Bristol Bay (Alaska, USA) and are, in places, over 600 m in length. Their length-to-width ratio is over 100:1. The lineations are usually characterized by large transverse ripples with wavelengths of 1–2 m. The lineations trend about N60°E, and are spaced between 20 and 350 m. Main tidal directions near the lineations are N60°E (flood) and S45°W (ebb), which are parallel to subparallel to the lineations. They suggest that the lineations may be tidally generated. The lineations may be bright sonar reflections from a winnowed lag concentrate of coarse sand.
Teacher agency, positioning, and English language learners: Voices of pre-service classroom teachers

Abstract This study explores the identity (re)negotiations and agency of three pre-service classroom teachers who received their ESL (English as a Second Language) endorsement at a research university in the United States. An analysis of interview data and teachers' journal entries, from a narrative positioning perspective, indicates that the teachers took on various, and sometimes conflicting, positional identities in relation to their social context (e.g., mentor teachers, ELLs, etc.). The findings further indicate that those positional identities have shaped teachers' agency and self-reported classroom practices. The analysis presented provides implications for teachers of ELLs and teacher educators.
Expectations of organizational mobility, workplace social inclusion, and employee job performance

Two new concepts, employees' Expectations of Organizational Mobility (EOM) and Workplace Social Inclusion (WSI), were developed in part from the burgeoning literature on social capital. Two independent tests of the hypotheses in two different organizations found that the greater employees' EOM, the lower their WSI, which in turn was associated with lower employee job performance ratings. Further, the mediating role of WSI was confirmed. Our findings support the arguments of those who have warned that employees' EOM, and implicitly the human resources philosophy of ‘employability’ that encourages such expectations, is associated with comparatively worse individual job performance via lower levels of employee WSI. The value of these concepts for current employability debates, for the use of subjective supervisory judgments in performance appraisal ratings and for researchers interested in organization-based communal social capital, is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computing the Minimum Cost Pipe Network Interconnecting One Sink and Many Sources

In this paper, we study the problem of computing the minimum cost pipe network interconnecting a given set of wells and a treatment site, where each well has a given capacity and the treatment site has a capacity that is no less than the sum of all the capacities of the wells. This is a generalized Steiner minimum tree problem which has applications in communication networks and in groundwater treatment. We prove that there exists a minimum cost pipe network that is the minimum cost network under a full Steiner topology. For each given full Steiner topology, we can compute all the edge weights in linear time. A powerful interior-point algorithm is then used to find the minimum cost network under this given topology. We also prove a lower bound theorem which enables pruning in a backtrack method that partially enumerates the full Steiner topologies in search for a minimum cost pipe network. A heuristic ordering algorithm is proposed to enhance the performance of the backtrack algorithm. We then define the notion of k-optimality and present an efficient (polynomial time) algorithm for checking 5-optimality. We present a 5-optimal heuristic algorithm for computing good solutions when the problem size is too large for the exact algorithm. Computational results are presented.
Rapid Clay Mineral Formation in Amazon Delta Sediments: Reverse Weathering and Oceanic Elemental Cycles

Formation of aluminosilicate minerals in marine sediments was proposed over 30 years ago as a potentially important control on the chemistry of the oceans. Until now, this reverse weathering process has been largely discounted because of insufficient direct evidence for its existence. Experiments with unaltered, anoxic, Amazon delta sediments showed that substantial quantities of K-Fe-Mg clay minerals precipitated on naturally occurring solid substrates over times of ∼12 to 36 months at ∼28°C. A range of pore-water, solute-flux, and solid-phase criteria indicates that comparable clay mineral precipitation processes occur throughout Amazon shelf sediments, contributing ≳3 percent of the weight of the deposits and consuming ∼10 percent of the global riverine K+ flux.
Accelerated algorithm for pattern detection in logical analysis of data

Sets of "positive" and "negative" points (observations) in n-dimensional discrete space given along with their non-negative integer multiplicities are analyzed from the perspective of the Logical Analysis of Data (LAD). A set of observations satisfying upper and/or lower bounds imposed on certain components is called a positive pattern if it contains some positive observations and no negative one. The number of variables on which such restrictions are imposed is called the degree of the pattern. A total polynomial algorithm is proposed for the enumeration of all patterns of limited degree, and special efficient variants of it for the enumeration of all patterns with certain "sign" and "coverage" requirements are presented and evaluated on a publicly available collection of benchmark datasets.
Composite Behavior of Precast Concrete Full-Depth Panels and Prestressed Girders

The authors evaluate the composite behavior of a bridge section consisting of a full-depth concrete slab that is connected by threaded steel bolts to an AASHTO-type concrete I-girder. The research conducts 13 push-out tests on specimens having shear pockets in the slabs to show both horizontal shear strength capacity and the behavior that threaded steel bolts exhibit when used as shear connectors to achieve composite action between the precast concrete panels and precast concrete girders. The specimens, cast and tested under static loading conditions, are used to determine the ultimate strength and failure mode of the shear connection system. Steel bolt length, along with their number, configuration in the shear pocket, and spacing are also examined. Results show that threaded steel bolts allow for full composite action between the precast concrete panels and precast concrete girders. The authors also note that their results, when applied to the load and resistance factor design guidelines of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, point to the Association's conservative estimate of design strength.
Genetic Evidence for a Multi-subunit Complex in Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis in Yeast and the Role of the Coq1 Hexaprenyl Diphosphate Synthase

Coenzyme Q (Q) is a lipid that functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in eukaryotes. There are eight complementation groups of Q-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants designated coq1-coq8. Here we provide genetic evidence that several of the Coq polypeptides interact with one another. Deletions in any of the COQ genes affect the steady-state expression of Coq3p, Coq4p, and Coq6p. Antibodies that recognize Coq1p, a hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase, were generated and used to determine that Coq1p is peripherally associated with the inner membrane on the matrix side. Yeast Deltacoq1 mutants harboring diverse Coq1 orthologs from prokaryotic species produce distinct sizes of polyprenyl diphosphate and hence distinct isoforms of Q including Q(7), Q(8), Q(9), or Q(10) (Okada, K., Kainou, T., Matsuda, H., and Kawamukai, M. (1998) FEBS Lett. 431, 241-244). We find that steady-state levels of Coq3p, Coq4p, and Coq6p are rescued in some cases to near wild-type levels by the presence of these diverse Coq1 orthologs in the Deltacoq1 mutant. These data suggest that the lipid product of Coq1p or a Q-intermediate derived from polyprenyl diphosphate is involved in stabilizing the Coq3, Coq4, and Coq6 polypeptides.
Bone microenvironment modulates expression and activity of cathepsin B in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancers metastasize to bone leading to osteolysis. Here we assessed proteolysis of DQ-collagen I (a bone matrix protein) and, for comparison, DQ-collagen IV, by living human prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. Both collagens were degraded, and this degradation was reduced by inhibitors of matrix metallo, serine, and cysteine proteases. Because secretion of the cysteine protease cathepsin B is increased in human breast fibroblasts grown on collagen I gels, we analyzed cathepsin B levels and secretion in prostate cells grown on collagen I gels. Levels and secretion were increased only in DU145 cells—cells that expressed the highest baseline levels of cathepsin B. Secretion of cathepsin B was also elevated in DU145 cells grown in vitro on human bone fragments. We further investigated the effect of the bone microenvironment on cathepsin B expression and activity in vivo in a SCID-human model of prostate bone metastasis. High levels of cathepsin B protein and activity were found in DU145, PC3, and LNCaP bone tumors, although the PC3 and LNCaP cells had exhibited low cathepsin B expression in vitro. Our results suggest that tumor-stromal interactions in the context of the bone microenvironment can modulate the expression of the cysteine protease cathepsin B.
Transient conductive and radiative heat transfer in a silica window

A detailed thermal analysis for transient conduction and nongray radiation of glass subjected to high levels of convection is discussed. Only a small variation of results due to the best available refractive index data was found. A peak value that does not coincide with the peak temperature was created by the radiation heat flux. This effect in turn produced a hump in the results for dimensional conduction heat flux, but has little effect on the temperature distribution. However, the highest temperature always occurred at the first boundary, which allows the prediction of the onset of softening and subsequent distortion optics. 5 refs.
Leucine metabolism in thyrotoxicosis: Plasma aminogram and 3-methylhistidine excretion before and after treatment☆

Previous studies have suggested increased protein catabolism and altered muscle metabolism in hyperthyroid patients. In this experiment we investigated parameters of protein and leucine metabolism before and after treatment of hyperthyroidism. While confined in a metabolic ward, patients' daily caloric intake was based on the resting energy expenditure and an allowance for 16 hours of light physical activity. We found no significant difference in plasma aminogram and urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion (an index of protein catabolism) before and after treatment. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism appeared to increase the rates of oxidation, turnover, and plasma clearance of endogenous leucine. However, only the 60% increase in the rate of leucine oxidation was statistically significant. We conclude that in spite of increased catabolism, basal levels of branched-chain amino acids are well maintained in plasma of hyperthyroid patients consuming a diet that compensates for their hypermetabolic state.
Culturing thick brain slices: an interstitial 3D microperfusion system for enhanced viability.

Abstract Brain slice preparations are well-established models for a wide spectrum of in vitro investigations in the neuroscience discipline. However, these investigations are limited to acute preparations or thin organotypic culture preparations due to the lack of a successful method that allows culturing of thick organotypic brain slices. Thick brain slice cultures suffer necrosis due to ischemia deep in the tissue resulting from a destroyed circulatory system and subsequent diffusion-limited supply of nutrients and oxygen. Although thin organotypic brain slice cultures can be successfully cultured using a well-established roller-tube method (a monolayer organotypic culture) (Gahwiler B H. Organotypic monolayer cultures of nervous tissue. J Neurosci Methods. 1981; 4: 329–342) or a membrane-insert method (up to 1–4 cell layers, in vitro . J Neurosci Methods 1979; 1: 323–325; Nicoll RA, Alger BE. A simple chamber for recording from submerged brain slices. J Neurosci Methods 1981; 4: 153–156; Passeraub PA, Almeida AC, Thakor NV. Design, microfabrication and characterization of a microfluidic chamber for the perfusion of brain tissue slices. J Biomed Dev 2003; 5: 147–155). Here, we report a unique interstitial microfluidic perfusion technique to culture thick (700 μm) organotypic brain slices. The design of the custom-made microperfusion chamber facilitates laminar, interstitial perfusion of oxygenated nutrient medium throughout the tissue thickness with concomitant removal of depleted medium and catabolites. We examined the utility of this perfusion method to enhance the viability of the thick organotypic brain slice cultures after 2 days and 5 days in vitro (DIV). We investigated the range of amenable flow rates that enhance the viability of 700 μm thick organotypic brain slices compared to the unperfused control cultures. Our perfusion method allows up to 84.6% viability ( p in vivo cyto-architecture preserved. Prolonged viability of thick organotypic brain slice cultures will benefit scientists investigating network properties of intact organotypic neuronal networks in a reliable and repeatable manner.
The Lukan Version of the Trial of Jesus

In an examination of the synoptic account of Jesus' trial, it is immediately obvious that there was no Q source for this narrative. That is to say that there is no significant point at which Matthew and Luke agree against Mark. Matthew includes three passages peculiar to that Gospel: the story of the death of Judas in xxvii 3-Io; the warning of Pilate's wife in xxvii I9; and the detail about Pilate's washing his hands in xxvii 24-25. In Luke there are two important variations: the hearing before the Sanhedrin takes place in the morning, not at night; and a hearing before Herod, xxiii 6-I6, is added.
Functional analysis of Thermus thermophilus transcription factor NusG

Transcription elongation factors from the NusG family are ubiquitous from bacteria to humans and play diverse roles in the regulation of gene expression. These proteins consist of at least two domains. The N-terminal domains directly bind to the largest, β' in bacteria, subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP), whereas the C-terminal domains interact with other cellular components and serve as platforms for the assembly of large nucleoprotein complexes. Escherichia coli NusG and its paralog RfaH modify RNAP into a fast, pause-resistant state but the detailed molecular mechanism of this modification remains unclear since no high-resolution structural data are available for the E. coli system. We wanted to investigate whether Thermus thermophilus (Tth) NusG can be used as a model for structural studies of this family of regulators. Here, we show that Tth NusG slows down rather than facilitates transcript elongation by its cognate RNAP. On the other hand, similarly to the E. coli regulators, Tth NusG apparently binds near the upstream end of the transcription bubble, competes with σ(A), and favors forward translocation by RNAP. Our data suggest that the mechanism of NusG recruitment to RNAP is universally conserved even though the regulatory outcomes among its homologs may appear distinct.
The program cost and cost-effectiveness of screening men for Chlamydia to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease in women.

Background: Because men transmit Chlamydia trachomatis to women, screening men to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease in women may be a viable strategy. However, the cost-effectiveness of this approach requires careful assessment. Methods: Data from a demonstration project and longitudinal study that examined screening men for chlamydia were applied to a compartment-based transmission model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of screening men for chlamydia compared with alternative interventions, including expanded screening of women and combining disease investigation specialist-provided partner notification with screening. Cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and quality-adjusted life years lost were the primary outcome measures. A male screening program that screened 1% of men in the population annually was modeled. Results: A program targeting high-risk men for screening (those with a larger number of partners in the previous year than the general population and a higher chlamydia prevalence) was cost saving compared with using equivalent program dollars to expand screening of lower-risk women. Combining partner notification with male screening was more effective than screening men alone. In sensitivity analyses, the male program was not always cost saving but averaged $10,520 per quality-adjusted life year saved over expanded screening of women. Conclusions: Screening men can be a cost-effective alternative to screening women, but the men screened must have a relatively high prevalence compared with the women to whom screening would be expanded (under baseline assumptions, the prevalence in screened men was 86% higher than that of screened women). These modeling results suggest that programs targeting venues that have access to high-risk men can be effective tools in chlamydia prevention.
SEX OF PREVIOUS CHILDREN AND INTENTIONS FOR FURTHER BIRTHS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1965-1976

The research reported herein, using samples of women interviewed in the 1965 and 1970 National Fertility Studies and the 1976 National Survey of Family Growth, shows that the sex of women's previous children has an effect on their subsequent fertility intentions which differs at each parity. The persistence of that effect among women with two children in particular argues strongly for including sex of previous children as an independent variable in models of fertility intentions, since the decline in family size norms makes factors which affect the decision to have (or not have) a third child increasingly important.
Mandibular subluxation and stabilization for access in distal carotid endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy is one of the most common vascular surgical procedures performed today. It is estimated that 130,000 carotid endarterectomies were performed in 2000 for purposes of atherosclerotic plaque removal. 1 These plaques sometimes extend well beyond the carotid bifurcation into the internal carotid artery and approach the distal portion of the extracranial internal carotid necessitating ancillary procedures to allow for adequate access. We report the technique of mandibular subluxation with stabilization to provide a dependable and stable access for carotid endarterectomy.
Electronically driven structural transitions in A10(PO4)6F2 apatites (A = Ca, Sr, Pb, Cd and Hg).

It is shown that there is a dynamic lattice instability in the aristotype P63/m structure of A10(PO4)6F2 apatites containing divalent A-site Cd or Hg cations with (n − 1)d10ns0 electronic configurations. The distortion to a low-symmetry P\bar{1} triclinic structure is driven by an electronic mechanism rather than from ionic size mismatch. Our theoretical work provides key insights into the role of the electronic configurations of A cations in fluorapatites.
The social organization of free-ranging urban dogs. II. estrous groups and the mating system

Abstract The breeding behavior of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) was studied in Newark New Jersey, in the summer of 1978 and the winter of 1978–1979. The presence of an estrous female in an area led to increased aggression and hierarchy formation among males as they congregated around the female and attempted to mate. Data on estrous group dynamics, as well as evidence for female mate-selection, were gathered. Males were categorized as either familiar or unfamiliar to the female, based on the proximity of their home-range core areas. Familiarity appeared to be a critical factor in mating success, as unfamiliar males were never observed mating; they generally remained in the estrous group for shorter periods of time and suffered a disproportionate number of attacks in comparison to familiar males. While the consequences of such mate-selection are not clear, it is suggested that the observed behavior may be a vestige from a monogamous ancestor in which long-term pair bonds and paternal care predispose the female to choose males about whom she has more information. A shift to promiscuity in domestic dogs should not imply indiscriminate mating.
The Effects of Chemotherapy Versus Radiation Therapy on Behavior and Neuronal Architecture in the Hippocampus Ca1 Region

methylation, destabilizes RAD52, and reduces focus formation and diffusion rate changes in response to HU. Finally, RAD52-K116R overexpression has a dominant negative effect on cell survival after HU but not IR. Conclusions: Previously, we found that replication stress induces RAD52 co-localization with RAD51, and RAD52 has reduced diffusion consistent with enhanced oligomerization and association with chromatin. This suggests that RAD52 has a role in the response to replication fork arrest. Our results indicate that RAD52 lysine-116 contributes to RAD52 methylation, which regulates RAD52 stability and function in response to replication stress. Since RAD52 is synthetically lethal with BRCA2, this modification may present a novel druggable target to destabilize RAD52 in BRCA2-deficient cancers, conferring synthetic lethality and therapeutic gain similar to that observed with PARP inhibitors. Author Disclosure: J.W. Wray: None. J. Liu: None. M. Shaheen: None. R. Hromas: None. J.A. Nickoloff: None. Z. Shen: None.
An Evaluation of Microphysics Fields from Mesoscale Model Simulations of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Comparisons with Observations

Abstract This study presents a framework for comparing hydrometeor and vertical velocity fields from mesoscale model simulations of tropical cyclones with observations of these fields from a variety of platforms. The framework is based on the Yuter and Houze constant frequency by altitude diagram (CFAD) technique, along with a new hurricane partitioning technique, to compare the statistics of vertical motion and reflectivity fields and hydrometeor concentrations from two datasets: one consisting of airborne radar retrievals and microphysical probe measurements collected from tropical cyclone aircraft flights over many years, and another consisting of cloud-scale (1.67-km grid length) tropical cyclone simulations using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). Such comparisons of the microphysics fields can identify biases in the simulations that may lead to an identification of deficiencies in the modeling system, such as the formula...
The relationship between body composition and survival time during acute cold exposure in white mice (Mus musculus).

Abstract 1. (i) In this study we compared several body constituents which are useful in predicting survival time during acute cold exposure in mice. 2. (ii) The survival time of adult, male Swiss-Webster mice exposed to intense cold (−18 °C) was determined. 3. (iii) Survival time was analyzed as a function of total body weight, dry weight, basic weight, lipid index, total body fat, total body water, and percentage body water. 4. (iv) Percentage body water and survival time were inversely related. 5. (v) Dry weight was found to be the most significant factor in predicting cold resistance probably because it represents both metabolic capacity (basic weight) and insulative quality (total body fat).
17.8 A 190nW 33kHz RC oscillator with ±0.21% temperature stability and 4ppm long-term stability

In wireless networks with a low duty cycle, the radio is operational for only a small percentage of the time. A sleep timer is used to synchronize the data transmission and reception. The total system power is then limited by the sleep power and the sleep timer frequency stability. Low-frequency crystal oscillators are a common choice for sleep timers due to their excellent long-term stability, frequency stability over temperature, and very low power consumption. However, the external crystal cost and board area are undesired. If an integrated oscillator is used as an alternative, the frequency variation must be minimized so the sleep time can be maximized.
Progress in optical cross-connects for circuit-switched applications

The deployment of WDM transmission systems greatly increases the number of communication channels in telecommunications networks.
Phosphorylation of serine‐46 in HPr, a key regulatory protein in bacteria, results in stabilization of its solution structure

The serine-phosphorylated form of histidine-containing protein (HPr), a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system from Bacillus subtilis, has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and solvent denaturation studies. The results indicate that phosphorylation of Ser 46, the N-cap of alpha-helix-B, does not cause a conformational change but rather stabilizes the helix. Amide proton exchange rates in helix-B are decreased and phosphorylation stabilizes the protein to solvent and thermal denaturation, with a delta delta G of 0.7-0.8 kcal mol-1. A mutant in which Ser 46 is replaced by aspartic acid shows a similar stabilization, indicating that an electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged groups and the helix macrodipole contributes significantly to the stabilization.
Toxicity and Biotransformation of Volatile Halogenated Anesthetics in Rat Hepatocyte Suspensions

ABSTRACTThis study, examines the toxicity (as measured by reduced intracellular K+ and metabolism (defluorination) of halothane and enflurane in rat hepatocytes in suspension (RHS) with regards to O2 tension, time, and concentration. In 95% O2 halothane is more toxic than enflurane when RHS are exposed to 5-20 μ1 of these anesthetics. At these levels halothane is not metabolized while enflurane is metabolized. At 21% O2 a similar pattern was seen with regards to toxicity. However, metabolism of halothane rapidly reached an elevated level while that of enflurane is reduced when compared to 95% O2. Thus toxicity of halothane and enflurane at these dose levels appears to be unrelated to metabolism and due solely to a solvent effect.
650: Maternal BMI and VBAC nomogram predicted success and time to delivery in emergent CD in patients with one prior cesarean section

success and time to delivery in emergent CD in patients with one prior cesarean section Dimitry Zilberman, Joseph Apuzzio, Shauna Williams UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical School, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Newark, NJ OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of obesity and VBAC predicted success in achieving a rapid delivery of the fetus by repeat CD in an emergency situation. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who delivered at University Hospital, Newark, NJ between 1/1/200212/31/2010. Patients with one prior CD who underwent emergent CD for indications of non-reassuring fetal heart tracing(NRFHR), placental abruption, cord prolapse, suspected uterine rupture and bleeding placenta previa were included. BMI, CD indication, obstetrical history, time to delivery were abstracted from charts. Time to delivery was defined as the time from skin incision to fetal delivery. Time to delivery in patients with BMI 40kg/m2 and BMI 30kg/m2 were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test (expressed in minutes: median, interquartile range). Number of patients delivered after 10 minutes with BMI 40kg/m2 and BMI 30kg/m2 were compared by Fisher’s exact test. Linear regression was used to evaluate relationship of time to delivery with BMI and VBAC predicted success. RESULTS: 140 patients met the inclusion criteria, 18(13%) had a BMI 40kg/m2. Indications for CD were: 117(84%) NRFHR, 16(11%) abruption, 3(2%) bleeding placenta previa, 2(1%) suspected uterine rupture, 2(1%) cord prolapse. Time to delivery was longer in patients with BMI 40kg/m2 (16,12-22) compared to patients with BMI 30 kg/m2 (9,5-14), P 0.003. Time to delivery over 10 minutes was more frequent in patients with BMI 40kg/m2 than in patients with BMI 30kg/m2 (78% vs 46%; OR 4, 95%CI 1.14-13.08). Linear regression showed a positive correlation of BMI and time to delivery (R2 0.069, P 0.002) and negative correlation of VBAC predicted success and time to delivery (R2 0.07, P 0.002). CONCLUSION: In patients with one prior CD who underwent emergent CD, BMI and VBAC predicted success are correlated with time to delivery. Women with one prior CD who are considering VBAC should be advised that obesity and a low predicted VBAC success rate may be associated with a longer time to delivery in an emergent situation.
Disintegration of Te119 isomers

The decay of Te/sup 119/ isomers was studied with highly mass-separated sources by scintillation techniques, including sum-peak coincidence spectrometry. The halflife of Te/sup 119m/ was measured to be 4.68 surface proces 0.05 d. A new gamma at 702 surface proces 10 kev with an intensity of 13% of that of the well-known 645 kev gamma was found in the 16 h Te/sup 119g/ decay. In the decay of the 4.7 d state the following new gammas were found: 1050 surface proces 20, 1135 surface proces 15, and 1374 surface proces 10 kev. The absence of gammas at 1500, 1760-1780, 1900, 2350, and 2570 kev reported in the literature is suggested by setting upper limits on their intensities. From the present results a decay scheme is proposed that accounts for essentially all of the observed data, and in which the first excited state in Sb/sup 119/ lies at 271 kev, in agreement with the probable level systematics of odd-mass antimony isotopes. The total disintegration energy of the 4.7 d Te/sup 119m/ was measured to be 2.6 surface proces 0.1 Mev. (auth)
On the use of statistical mechanical models to interpret X-ray and neutron diffraction data for liquids

Abstract Statistical mechanical models are frequently used in the interpretation of X-ray and neutron diffraction data from molecular liquids and mixtures, where it is possible to obtain complete structural information by Fourier inversion. Such modelling procedures are tested here by comparing the pair correlation functions obtained by fitting models to experimental diffraction data for argon with that obtained by Fourier inversion of the data for this monatomic fluid.
Selected agricultural databases and computerized systems

Abstract This work briefly describes the AGRICOLA, AGRIS, CAB ABSTRACTS , and CRIS databases, indicates some new developments in agricultural databases and database use, and discusses some characteristics of agricultural databases and computerized systems developed by Extension Services, Land-grant institutions and Experiment Stations in the United States.
On the Aesthetic Difficulties of Research on Sex Education: Toward a Methodology of Affect.

This paper emerges from an ongoing, three-year qualitative study of how adolescents, teachers, and peer sexual health educators interpret the language of abstinence and represent the emotional meanings that enliven sexuality and sexual health. The paper demonstrates how conflicts of thinking and relationality emerge from aesthetic narratives about adolescent sexuality found in a short film. Aesthetic problems of representing sexuality, subjectivity, and emotional significance found in focus group data are brought to a discussion of some methodological dilemmas of conducting research on the emotional contexts of sexual health education. Drawing on psychoanalytic theories of thinking and symbolization, this paper considers how aesthetic encounters with film may enable researchers and educators to explore the hidden investments and evasive maneuvers that structure conversations about sexuality and emotional life.
Evaluation after 4 years of the combined use of fluoride and dental sealants

This study evaluates the caries-preventive potential in permanent teeth of dental sealants when combined with an ongoing, school-based fluoride program. The investigation was designed as a sequential, cross-sectional comparison. Dental caries findings in 1987 for 416 children ages 7-11 and 14-17 who received dental sealants and fluorides were compared with corresponding data derived from 1983 baseline examinations of children who received fluoride therapy only. In addition, sealant retention status was determined. Overall mean DMFS scores in 1987 for children in two age groups combined were 51% lower than in 1983. Also, a surface-specific treatment effect was demonstrated in pit and fissures for both older and younger age groups. The overall proportion of sealants retained on occlusal surfaces of first molars after an average of 2 yr (92%) compared favorably with similar figures cited in the scientific literature. The results of this study suggest that pit and fissure sealants confer additional caries-preventive benefits beyond those of fluoride therapy alone.
Application of the TranAir full-potential code to the F-16A

The TranAir computer code solves the full-potential equation for transonic flow by combining a rectangular box of flowfield grid points with networks of surface panels. Complex geometries are easily represented since surface-conforming flowfield grids are not used. Wing pressures predicted by TranAir are compared to windtunnel data at a = 4 deg for Mw = 0.6 and 0.9. The higher Mach number condition produces supercritical flow and demonstrates TranAir's shock-capturing capability.