cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone: Prediction from molecular orbital theory

Abstract The extended Huckel molecular orbital method was used to predict the preferred conformation of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Calculation of the whole molecule confirmed the conformational preferences of the individual amino acid residues calculated separately. A stereochemical basis is predicted for the differing activity of N 1 im methyl and N 3 im methyl TRH analogues.
Electronic Absorption and MCD Spectra for BiX63-, X = Cl-, Br-, and I-, in Acetonitrile Solution: Metal-Centered vs Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Assignments

Electronic absorption and 8.0 T magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra at room temperature have been carefully measured for BiX63- complexes in acetonitrile solutions containing excess halide li...
Databases deepen the Web

The Web has become the preferred medium for many database applications, such as e-commerce and digital libraries. These applications store information in huge databases that users access, query, and update through the Web. Database-driven Web sites have their own interfaces and access forms for creating HTML pages on the fly. Web database technologies define the way that these forms can connect to and retrieve data from database servers. The number of database-driven Web sites is increasing exponentially, and each site is creating pages dynamically-pages that are hard for traditional search engines to reach. Such search engines crawl and index static HTML pages; they do not send queries to Web databases. The information hidden inside Web databases is called the "deep Web" in contrast to the "surface Web" that traditional search engines access easily. We expect deep Web search engines and technologies to improve rapidly and to dramatically affect how the Web is used by providing easy access to many more information resources.
An intersubjective approach to cross‐cultural clinical work

Abstract The cross‐cultural clinical encounter is fraught with anxieties, fears, biases, and misunderstandings that are experienced by both members of the therapeutic dyad. Through their articulation mainly within the intersubjective dimension of co‐experience, these subjective states, if unacknowledged by the dyad, can seriously impact, derail, and even prematurely truncate the treatment process. This paper focuses particularly on the therapist's subjective state in the process of cross‐cultural clinical work, describing its dynamic action through what the author terms “the clinician's cultural countertransference. “This is a complex matrix of pre‐existing cognitions and affects about cultural groups that operates at multiple levels of consciousness within the therapist's psyche and can be communicated to ethnic clients at varied points of interpersonal and intersubjective contact. Substantial case illustrations are used to illuminate these dynamics, emphasizing both the therapist's culturally driven sub...
Survey of Residency Training in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery

Purpose: We determined the current status of residency training in laparoscopic and robotic surgery in the United States and Canada.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,188 surveys were sent via the Internet to all 1,056 current urology residents and 132 program directors with an Internet address registered with the American Urological Association.Results: Responses were received from 372 residents (35%) and 56 program directors (42%). Of respondents 47% reported greater than 100 laparoscopic procedures performed yearly by 1 (36%) or more (51%) faculty members. Robotic procedures were performed at 54% of the institutions, mainly consisting of prostatectomy and pyeloplasty. At all institutions laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed and those at 69% of the institutions believed that it is the gold standard for renal tumors today. Urologists were involved in 87% of adrenal surgeries and 54% of respondents believed that is the gold standard approach. However, only 35% of respondents had participated in...
Severe exfoliative dermatitis associated with hand ischemia during cisplatin therapy.

Background Platinum is one of the most widely used agents in clinical oncology today. Serious toxic effects are well recognized. Findings To our knowledge, the current report describes the first case of severe allergic exfoliative dermatitis associated with ischemia and necrosis of the hands in a patient who had received multiple doses of this agent. We postulate that the tissue damage was caused by vasospasm of small vessels from the initial injury triggered by platinum or its associated immune complexes. Conclusion Platinum has become an integral part of combination chemotherapy for various solid tumors. Clinicians must recognize its toxic side effects and control them within tolerable limits.
Mini review: Molecular mechanisms of immortalization of human mammary epithelial cells

Normal human mammary epithelial cells (MECs) exhibit a finite life span both in vivo and in vitro. A critical event in oncogenic transformation is the ability of cells to multiply indefinitely, a phenomenon referred to as immortalization. Using human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes, we have recently identified multiple MEC subtypes that show distinct susceptibilities to immortalization by the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes. Because HPV16 E6 and E7 inactivate two well-known tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and Rb, respectively, these results suggest a cell-type-specific predominance of the tumor suppressor pathways. Indeed, E6- and E7-immortalized cells exhibit dramatic reduction in the levels of p53 and Rb proteins, respectively, resulting in abrogation of p53- and Rb-dependent functions, such as the cell cycle arrest response to DNA damage. Moreover, the E6-susceptible MECs could also be immortalized by mutant p53 alone and by exposure to γ-irradiation. Interestingly, the loss of p53 function was an early event in γ-irradiation-induced immortalization, further supporting the essential role of p53 in regulating the growth of these cells. Availability of these in vitro models should facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of early mammary tumorigenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coulomb gap in the one-particle density of states in three-dimensional systems with localized electrons

The one-particle density of states (1P-DOS) in a system with localized electron states vanishes at the Fermi level due to the Coulomb interaction between electrons. The derivation of the Coulomb gap uses stability criteria of the ground state. The simplest criterion is based on the excitonic interaction of an electron and a hole and leads to a quadratic 1P-DOS in the three-dimensional (3D) case. In 3D, higher stability criteria, including two or more electrons, were predicted to exponentially deplete the 1P-DOS at energies close enough to the Fermi level. In this paper, we show that there is a range of intermediate energies where this depletion is strongly compensated by the excitonic interaction between single-particle excitations, so that the crossover from quadratic to exponential behavior of the 1P-DOS is retarded. This is one of the reasons why such exponential depletion was never seen in computer simulations.
IMPAIRED IMMUNE RESPONSE OF SPLENECTOMISED PATIENTS TO POLYVALENT PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE

Immune response to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine was measured in normal volunteers and splenectomised patients, by means of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for pneumococcal antibodies. IgG and IgM responses to eight of the nine polysaccharides tested were markedly impaired in splenectomised patients. The response of splenectomised patients was less than that of the controls in terms of absolute titre of antibody achieved, relative rise in titre (fold increase of post-immunisation titre over pre-immunisation titre), and rate of rise.
Determination of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with the direct injection high efficiency nebulizer

The application of the large-bore direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (LB-DIHEN) for the determination of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described. The LB-DIHEN is compared with the standard method using a concentric pneumatic nebulizer and cyclonic spray chamber. In addition to the toxicological significance of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg, these elements represent a cross-section of analytical issues including spectral interferences (e.g., 40Ar35Cl+ on 75As+ and 98Mo16O+ on 114Cd+) and memory effects (Hg). In this study, the low sample consumption of the LB-DIHEN is used to reduce the volume of urine needed for analysis, and to reduce the volume of final diluted sample required for analysis. Eliminating the spray chamber and reducing the dead volume of the nebulizer reduces memory effects, especially for analytes such as Hg. The Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC) is used in this study to attenuate the background level of ArCl+ in spite of the increase in the solvent load and, in turn, the urine matrix (chloride) delivered to the plasma by the LB-DIHEN. This is the first report on coupling the LB-DIHEN to a standard autosampler for unattended sample analysis. The robustness of direct injection nebulization for routine analysis and the issues associated with automation of the sample introduction process are discussed. Although the figures of merit (sensitivity, limit of detection, and precision) determined for both nebulizers are slightly poorer for the LB-DIHEN than for the concentric pneumatic nebulizer, there is not a clinically significant difference between the results for both sample introduction systems. The accuracy of results is assessed using archived urine materials that are circulated by several different proficiency testing (PT) programs and external quality assessment schemes (EQAS). Results obtained using the LB-DIHEN were within the acceptable range established by a consensus pool generated using different methods, none of which are likely to be using direct injection nebulization. Internal quality control sample results obtained using the LB-DIHEN were compared to those obtained using the conventional nebulizer. Reported results were similar for both nebulizers. Thus, these results show that the LB-DIHEN is certainly feasible for the analysis of urine specimens.
A case-control study of burning mouth syndrome and sleep dysfunction

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate whether sleep dysfunction is a risk factor for burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Study design An age- and sex-matched case-control study of patients with BMS and controls with various oral conditions was conducted. A numerical rating scale for oral discomfort and the sleep scale from the medical outcomes study were used for measurements, and statistical analyses included use of logistic regression models. Results The odds ratios for lowest versus highest quartiles were sleep disturbance (OR = 9.7, P = .0095), sleep problems index (SLP)6 (OR = 7.5, P = .032), and SLP9 (OR = 27, P = .0058), which remained significant after controlling for age and number of sedating medications. Conclusions Findings from this cross-sectional study, although unable to establish a causal relationship, demonstrate that patients with BMS report a greater degree of sleep problems as compared with controls, and suggest that sleep dysfunction may be a risk factor for BMS and a possible target for treatment.
Short-term locomotor adaptation to a robotic ankle exoskeleton does not alter soleus Hoffmann reflex amplitude

Background To improve design of robotic lower limb exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation, it is critical to identify neural mechanisms that govern locomotor adaptation to robotic assistance. Previously, we demonstrated soleus muscle recruitment decreased by ~35% when walking with a pneumatically-powered ankle exoskeleton providing plantar flexor torque under soleus proportional myoelectric control. Since a substantial portion of soleus activation during walking results from the stretch reflex, increased reflex inhibition is one potential mechanism for reducing soleus recruitment when walking with exoskeleton assistance. This is clinically relevant because many neurologically impaired populations have hyperactive stretch reflexes and training to reduce the reflexes could lead to substantial improvements in their motor ability. The purpose of this study was to quantify soleus Hoffmann (H-) reflex responses during powered versus unpowered walking.
Electrocardiogram of Bundle-Branch Block in the Bovine Heart

The electrocardiographic consequences of blocking the right or left bundle branch have been recorded in experiments on calves. Block of either bundle was attended by lengthening of QRS interval by approximately 0.02 second and by changes in form of QRS paralleling closely those occurring in canine hearts under comparable circumstances. Significance of this parallelism to concepts of morphology and function of ventricular conduction systems in bovine and canine hearts is considered. Data reported here render problematic the concept of functional continuity of right and left divisions of the specialized ventricular conduction tissue in the bovine heart.
Variable expression and immunogenicity of an H-2K-coded alloantigen on murine tumours.

Summary The K region of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of mice of H-2Kk haplotype codes for two distinct alloantigens. One of these alloantigens, designated k-common, is expressed by C3HfB/HeN mice (C3Hf). The other alloantigen, designated k-unique, is not expressed by C3Hf mice. The H-2 haplotype of C3Hf mice has been classified as kv1 and the variant antigen distinguishing this strain from mice of H-2Kk haplotype has been designated kv1-unique. Several transplacentally-induced lung tumours of C3Hf mice express the k-unique, rather than the expected kv1-unique, antigen. The immunogenicity of the k-unique antigen on C3Hf-derived lung tumours varies with different tumours. In particular, the capacity of the k-unique antigen to induce radioresistant immunity in C3Hf mice appears to be lost on long term cultured tumour cells even though the tumour remains susceptible to in vivo immune responses directed against the k-unique antigen. Alterations in expression and in immunogenicity of unique H-2-coded antigens may dictate the nature and efficacy of immune surveillance of autochthanous tumours.
A wearable UHF RFID-based EEG system

The wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring systems are the cornerstone of noninvasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and many medical applications, but state-of-the-art wearable systems are limited by weight, battery life and size. In this paper we present EEGWISP: am EEG monitoring system that is battery-free; is powered by a standard UHF RFID reader; and uses backscatter to transmit the data using a EPC Class 1 Gen2 protocol. Since EEGWISP does not need batteries it can be lightweight, miniature and maintenance free for users. We designed a low-power EEG acquisition circuit with 62.6 μA current consumption. For validation, EEG signals were shown by distinct appearance of 8-12 Hz oscillations (alpha waves) when wearer's eyes are closed. EEGWISP can record EEG signals at 63 Hz sampling rate, at the distances up to 0.80 m and with 0.1 % data loss. With slight modifications, our system can be used for other biopotential signals such as ECG.
The prospects for broadband deployment in rural America

Abstract A great deal of policy attention over the past two years has been directed at insuring that more communities within the country have access to high speed or “broadband” connections. The 1996 Telecommunications Act promises through its universal service provisions that telecommunications services will be roughly comparable across urban and rural areas, but the rapid development of new Internet-based services and the networks on which they depend illustrates huge discrepancies in broadband availability. This paper analyzes some of the programs and policies that claim to address this network divide, using existing data to comment on their efficacy. These analyses suggest that the prospects for near-term broadband services in rural region are dim, and that the existing policy approaches appear insufficient to achieve the goal of widespread rural deployment.
54 Benthic marine algal herbarium of long island sound digital collection

The University of Connecticut presents the “Benthic Marine Algal Herbarium of Long Island Sound Digital Collection.” The collection is available on the web for teaching and identification purposes. Phase One of this project will be finished later by early next year. Currently, the collection has approximately 60% of all Long Island Sound macroalgae species. The taxonomy is part of a collaboration between the University of Connecticut and the Northeast Algal Society (NEAS). Thus far, the specimens have come from Dr. Charles Yarish's herbarium and from the Environmental Laboratory at Millstone Power Station on Long Island Sound. The botanical illustrations are from “Illustrated Key to the Seaweeds of New England” by Martine Villalard-Bohnsack. Database features include the ability to create searches and generate sets based on subjects, division, class, order, family, genus, habitat, species, keyword, and location. Data retrieved includes JPG image, cataloged data, map regions, synonyms, and illustrated microscopic, cross section and surface view for some species. The web site is available for use at: http://www.algae.uconn.edu
Rusty green stained temporal bone associated with exposure to tetracycline: an unusual presentation of black bone disease

OBJECTIVE To review the phenomenon and implications of temporal bone and craniofacial bone staining in the context of prolonged exposure to tetracycline antibiotic. METHODS Case report and literature review. RESULTS A 52-year-old male with a 5-year history of tetracycline use presented to undergo tympanomastoidectomy and was found to have an unusual rusty green pigmentation of the entire aspect of the exposed temporal bone. A literature review revealed more than 20 cases of tetracycline-induced pigmentation of intraoral maxillary and mandibular bone, and 2 prior cases involving the cranial bones. CONCLUSION Tissue and organ pigmentation is an unexpected and unfavourable consequence of the use of tetracyclines, particularly minocycline. Tetracycline is contraindicated in children because of the risk for dysosteogenesis and enamel hypoplasia. In adults, although the unusual staining may present as an unexpected dilemma upon surgical exposure, current research shows no significant clinical consequences for this type of pigmentation.
Assessment of the clumped isotope composition of fossil bone carbonate as a recorder of subsurface temperatures

Abstract Bone is susceptible to early diagenesis, and its carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions have been suggested to reflect conditions in the soil environment and shallow subsurface during fossilization. This implies open-system recrystallization involving mass exchange of carbon and oxygen among bioapatite, soil water, and DIC. Such recrystallization would also redistribute isotopic clumping (including 13 C– 18 O bonds), leading to the possibility that the carbonate clumped isotope compositions of fossil bone record ground temperature during early diagenesis. We assess this possibility by studying Quaternary mammalian fossil bone from subtropical to polar latitudes: if recrystallization is early and pervasive, clumped isotope derived temperatures, T (Δ 47 ), should closely mirror latitudinal gradients in ground temperature. Excluding results from a mummified specimen yielding T (Δ 47 ) = 38 °C (that is, indistinguishable from mammalian body temperature), we find that T (Δ 47 ) values are intermediate between mammalian body temperature and ground temperature, suggesting partial recrystallization of bone carbonate. XRD analyses show that the nature and extent of diagenesis varies among the samples and does not relate in a straightforward manner to T (Δ 47 ). No clear correlation exists between T (Δ 47 ) and mean annual temperature or mean warm season temperature. Furthermore, bone tends to retain the 18 O-enriched signature of body water, suggesting incomplete oxygen isotope exchange with meteoric waters. Incomplete carbon and oxygen isotope exchange between bone carbonate and soil waters is also indicated for a set of late Miocene bone–enamel pairs from a sequence of stacked paleosols in northern China. Analysis of bone as old as Early Cretaceous shows that bone carbonate is susceptible to later diagenesis at elevated burial temperatures, although T (Δ 47 ) does not closely conform to maximum burial temperature, again suggesting partial recrystallization, or recrystallization during different stages of the burial and exhumation circuit. These results show that carbon, oxygen, and ‘clumped’ isotopes in fossil bone are capable of recording aspects of early diagenesis and the subsequent burial and exhumation history, but that distinguishing among different effects is challenging. However, clumped isotopes in bone can provide useful directional constraints on past temperatures. For example, T (Δ 47 ) values higher than body temperature necessarily place lower limits on maximum burial temperatures, and those lower than body temperature place upper limits on minimum fossilization temperatures.
Inference in Semiparametric Regression Models Under Partial Questionnaire Design and Nonmonotone Missing Data

In epidemiologic studies, partial questionnaire design (PQD) can reduce cost, time, and other practical burdens associated with lengthy questionnaires by assigning different subsets of the questionnaire to different, but overlapping, subsets of the study participants. In this article, we describe methods for semiparametric inference for regression model under PQD and other study settings that can generate nonmonotone missing data in covariates. In particular, motivated from methods for multiphase designs, we develop three estimators, namely mean score, pseudo-likelihood, and semiparametric maximum likelihood, each of which has some unique advantages. We develop the asymptotic theory and a sandwich variance estimator for each of the estimators under the underlying semiparametric model that allows the distribution of the covariates to remain nonparametric. We study the finite sample performances and relative efficiencies of the methods using simulation studies. We illustrate the methods using data from a ca...
Surgical management of type I and II laryngeal cleft in the pediatric population.

Abstract Introduction Laryngeal clefts (LC) are congenital malformations of the upper aerodigestive tract that can cause dysphagia, aspiration, and subsequent pulmonary complications. This investigation assessed the outcomes of multidisciplinary evaluation and surgical management of type I and II LC (LC1–2) at a tertiary children's hospital. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review was used to identify patients who underwent repair of LC1–2 by a single surgeon. Results Twenty-five patients who underwent surgical management for LC1–2 were identified. Twenty patients with LC-1 and 5 with LC-2 were included. Most common presentations were aspiration on modified barium swallow (MBS) (76%) and recurrent pulmonary infections (60%). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was a concurrent co-morbidity in 68%. Of the 19 patients who presented with preoperative aspiration on MBS, 52.6% had evidence of improvement on their first MBS. This improved to 78.9% at the time of their most recent MBS (10 with resolution of aspiration, 5 with improved tolerance of consistencies). Two patients failed to improve from surgical repair and two had worsened aspiration on most recent MBS. Conclusion Endoscopic repair of laryngeal clefts is a well-tolerated procedure. Concurrent GERD and positive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures are common and require management prior to definitive repair. Given the multidimensional nature of swallowing disorders and aspiration, a comprehensive team approach in the evaluation, management, and surveillance of these patients is a valuable complement to surgical repair since not all aspiration may resolve.
Eimeria malabaricas sp. n. and Eimeria bandipurensis from the South Indian Tree Squirrel, Funambulus tristriatus*

Synopsis. Oocysts of Eimeria malabaricas sp. n. and Eimeria bandipurensis from the South Indian tree squirrel Funambulus tristriatus collected in Kerala, India, are described. Sporulated oocysts of E. malabaricas were ellipsoid to subspherical measuring 39.8 (35–45) × 32.1 (29–37) mm, with a thick (2.5–3.0 mm), 2-layered wall. The outer layer was yellow-brown, striated, and rough. There was no micropyle. but a polar granule was present in 34% of oocysts. The sporocysts were ovoid, 16.0 (14.0–18.0) × 11.2 (11.0–12.0) mm, with a Stieda body and a granular residuum. Excysted sporozoites were 21.8 (19.0–23.0) × 3.4 (3.0–4.0) mm, with a large refractile body. The sporulated oocysts of E. bandipurensis are redescribed.
Olson and Lynch Reply

A Reply to the Comment by R. Wahl, {ital et al. } {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society }
The effects of hormones, Type A behavior pattern, and provocation on aggression in men

Thirty-eight male college students, classified as either Type A or Type B based on their Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS-T) scores, competed in a reaction time task that allowed them to administer shocks to an increasingly provocative fictitious opponent. Salivary testosterone and cortisol were measured both prior to and after the task. Aggression was defined as the level of shock the subject was willing to set for the opponent. The results of this study indicate that a relationship exists between endogenous testosterone levels in men and direct physical aggression. Some evidence for the moderating effects of hormones on the level of aggression expressed by Type As was observed. No direct relationship between Type A and aggression was found.
Examination of phencyclidine hydrochloride via cryogenic terahertz spectroscopy, solid-state density functional theory, and X-ray diffraction.

The terahertz (THz) spectrum of phencyclidine hydrochloride from 7.0 to 100.0 cm -1 has been measured at cryogenic (78.4 K) temperature. The complete structural analysis and vibrational assignment of the compound have been performed employing solid-state density functional theory utilizing eight generalized gradient approximation density functionals and both solid-state and isolated-molecule methods. The structural results and the simulated spectra display the substantial improvement obtained by using solid-state simulations to accurately assign and interpret solid-state THz spectra. A complete assignment of the spectral features in the measured THz spectrum has been completed at a VWN-BP/DNP level of theory, with the VWN-BP density functional providing the best-fit solid-state simulation of the experimentally observed spectrum. The cryogenic THz spectrum contains eight spectral features that, at the VWN-BP/DNP level, consist of 15 infrared-active vibrational modes. Of the calculated modes, external crystal vibrations are predicted to account for 42% of the total spectral intensity.
On the Atomic Decomposition of H^1 and Interpolation

In [1] Coifman used the Fefferman-Stein theory of HP spaces [4] to decompose the functions of these spaces into basic building blocks (atoms), further clarifying their real variable nature. Coifman and Weiss have provided a comprehensive treatment of these ideas and many applications to harmonic analysis in [2]. In this note, we use the nontangential maximal function Nf to give an elementary proof of the decomposition of H' functions on the line and then characterize the Peetre K-functional for H' and L?? in terms of Nf. Let u be the harmonic extension [5] of f to the upper half plane R+. For x E R, denote by F2 = {(z, y) E R+: Ix zl < y} the cone with vertex at x. The nontangential maximal function of f is defined by Nf(x) = sup{Iu(z, y)I: (z, y) E F'}. We define the (real) H' norm of f to be the standard H' norm of u + iv, where v is the harmonic conjugate of u which satisfies v(O) = 0. A classical result of Hardy and Littlewood asserts that JINfIlL1 < clIfIlH1. For an interval I an H'-atom is any function aI such that f a, = 0 and Jail < III-'XI a.e.
Stretchable and Flexible E-Fiber Wire Antennas Embedded in Polymer

A new process is presented to fabricate stretchable and flexible wire antennas using conductive fibers (E-fibers). Stretchability and flexibility are important for wire antennas that operate in environments subjecting them to shape deformation (e.g., automotive, wearable, implantable applications, etc.). The concept is to embroider the wire antenna using E-fibers and embed it into a stretchy polymer. This also preserves the integrity of the textile threads and protects them from corrosion. A key challenge is to remove the non-stretchable fabric on which the textile antenna was embroidered while still preserving its original shape. To validate our technology, we fabricate and test a stretchable and flexible wire antenna operating at 915 MHz. The E-fiber prototype is found to achieve excellent performance, comparable to that of its non-stretchable and non-flexible copper-wire counterpart. A future goal is to embed such antennas into hostile environments, such as a truck tire, for collecting automotive data.
Oxygen consumption in infants with heart disease. Relationship to severity of congestive failure, relative weight, and caloric intake.

Correlates of the rate of oxygen consumption (Vo 2 ) were studied in infants with congenital heart disease. In 30 sets of observations Vo 2 per kilogram had a significant (p 2 per kilogram with increasing congestive heart failure (p=0.02) or decreasing relative weight (p=0.03). The relationship of caloric intake to Vo 2 per kilogram in these patients may be a causal one, while the correlation of degree of failure with Vo 2 per kilogram may be largely attributable to the decline in relative weight associated with increasing failure.
Etoposide (VP16-213) and Teniposide (VM26) Comparative in vitro Activities in Human Tumors

In order to determine if any inherent sensitivity differences may exist between VP16-213 and VM26 individual human tumors were grown in vitro and drug sensitivities were determined using the soft agar clonogenic assay method. Only nine of the 34 tumors tested so far showed a differing sensitivity to VP16-213 and VM26 as measured by a 25% or greater colony number reduction. However in none of these tumors did this added reduction result in a 70% decrease over control plate colony numbers. As yet we have been unable to demonstrate any clinically meaningful inherent in vitro sensitivity difference between VP16-213 and VM26 in any tumor type tested.
Konstanzprüfung der Empfindlichkeit von Verstärkerfolien

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Qualitatskontrolle wurde die Empfindlichkeit der in zwei Rontgenahteilungen der gleichen Klinik benutzten Verstarkerfolien verglichen. Beim Vergleich zwischen Folien des gleichen Typs, aber verschiedener Herstellungscharge, wurden unzulassige Empfindlichkeitsunterschiede festgestellt. Mangelhafter Kassettenandruck wurde bei einer Anzahl von Filmkassetten durch die Abbildung von Drahtnetzen erkannt.
Comparative OHD-RIKES and THz-TDS Probes of Ultrafast Structural Dynamics in Molecular Liquids

We compare terahertz time domain (THz-TDS) and optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect (OHD-RIKES) spectroscopic techniques as probes of molecular and vibrational dynamics in the frequency range of 0.1 to 6 THz (3 to 200 cm - 1 ). The spectra of molecular liquids benzene, toluene, and bromobenzene, with dipole moments in the range of 0 to 1.7 D, are analyzed within a multimode spectral decomposition to examine the relative sensitivities of the techniques to distinguishable dynamical coordinates. We emphasize the use of minimum modal bases primarily for the purpose of comparing the spectra. Significant differences are found between the THz and OHD-RIKES spectra of benzene and bromobenzene that cannot be traced to rescaled oscillator strengths within a set of fixed-frequency modes.
Delivering Sustainable, High-Performance Buildings: Influence of Project Delivery Methods on Integration and Project Outcomes

AbstractThe demand for sustainable buildings in the United States has risen because of accelerated depletion of natural resources, rising energy costs and green house gas emissions, and increased awareness of indoor environmental quality. Recently, this demand expanded from including only low energy strategies and products in buildings to prioritizing maximum energy conservation and occupant well being. All of these characteristics represent aspects of sustainable, high-performance buildings. Project delivery methods—e.g., design-build (DB) and design-bid-build (DBB)—can affect the level of team integration, which has been reported by the industry to result in optimal project outcomes and better value to the owner. However, there is a gap in the literature to examine the relationships among these results. This research studied how project delivery methods influence an owner’s ability to achieve its sustainability goals mediated through the level of integration achieved in the delivery process. The researc...
Investigation of Nuclear Energy Levels in Sulfur

The total cross section of sulfur has been measured for neutrons of energies from 15 to 1450 kev with energy spreads between 1.5 and 9 kev. Below 750 kev, nine well-defined maxima are observed, three of which are interpreted as caused by $s$-neutrons; the others are believed to be produced by $p$- or $d$-neutrons. The $s$-resonances have natural widths of about 15 kev, while one of the other resonances which was studied in detail has a width of 1.5 kev. In the case of the latter resonance, the compound nucleus appears to be formed with spin of $\frac{3}{2}$. Above 750 kev neutron energy the density of observed levels increases, and no interpretation of the resonances was attempted.
An Evidence-Based Multidisciplinary Protocol for Neonatal Circumcision Pain Management

Pain experienced in infancy may have effects later in life. Neonatal circumcision is a common painful procedure. In addition to dorsal penile nerve block, interventions that may have a role in minimizing pain and distress in neonatal circumcision include use of a sucrose pacifier, buffered lidocaine, small needles, acetaminophen, swaddling, and environmental modification. The evidence for each intervention is presented and evaluated. Implementation of a comprehensive evidence-based circumcision pain control standard of practice is discussed.
Research note: Examining gender emotional differences in Web forum communication

Abstract Web 2.0 has enabled and fostered Internet users to share and discuss their opinions and ideas online. Thus, a large amount of opinion-rich content has been generated. With more and more women starting to participate in online communications, questions regarding gender emotional differences in Web 2.0 communication platform have been raised. However, few studies have systematically examined such differences. Motivated to address this gap, we have developed an advanced and generic framework to automatically analyze gender emotional differences in social media. Algorithms are developed and embedded in the framework to conduct analyses in different granularity levels, including sentence level, phrase level, and word level. To demonstrate the proposed research framework, an empirical experiment is conducted on a large Web forum. The analysis results indicate that women are more likely to express their opinions subjectively than men (based on sentence-level analysis), and they are more likely to express both positive and negative emotions (based on phrase-level and word-level analyses).
Discrepancies in health information found on web sites discussing cures for inflammatory bowel disease, an "incurable" disease.

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease, which can take the form of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, is said by most doctors to be incurable, although surgery is sometimes considered a cure for ulcerative colitis but not Crohn's disease. Because of the unpredictable nature of the disease, however, and the devastating symptoms it can have, many people are driven to search for cures online, despite what their doctors may recommend. METHODS This qualitative content analysis looked at the top search results in Google and Bing for inflammatory bowel disease cures. We examined 63 search results returned using a variety of search terms. Search results included articles, entire Web sites, YouTube videos, health forums, and an e-book. RESULTS The Web sites generally fell into 2 categories: those that said no cure exists and those that advocated for specific cures. The following themes were pulled from the data: an inconsistent definition of a cure; an anti-Western medicine bias; medical disclaimers that are ignored by Web sites that feature them; a lack of clarity in cure regimens; and inter-article contradictions. CONCLUSIONS Many people with inflammatory bowel disease do not like hearing that the disease has no cure or they do not believe their doctor when told this. Medical professional Web sites often say very little about what a cure looks like or how it is defined medically. Well-meaning patients have filled this void with their own definitions of a cure. Physicians need to be aware of what information patients can find online because many patients are unwilling to share this information.
Differential effects of butyric acid on nematodes from four trophic groups

Abstract Butyric acid, which is produced through fermentation of organic matter by anaerobic soil bacteria, possesses nematicidal properties. We investigated how the concentration of butyric acid in solution and gas phase affected the survival of 12 nematode species from four trophic groups. Our hypothesis was that survival of free-living and plant parasitic nematodes would differ, since free-living nematodes have shown some adaptation to survival in anaerobic soil environments. A 2-day incubation in sand amended with 0.88 mg butyric acid g−1 reduced plant parasitic and fungivorous nematodes by 84–100% as compared to untreated controls, whereas a concentration of 8.8 mg butyric acid g−1 was necessary to significantly reduce bacterivorous nematodes (70–98%). Sensitivity of entomogenous nematodes was variable, with Heterorhabditis adversely affected by 0.88 mg butyric acid g−1 sand, resulting in a 59% reduction, while Steinernema required a concentration of 8.8 mg butyric acid g−1 sand to see a significant decline (85%). Results were similar when nematodes were exposed to the gas phase of butyric acid for 7 days. The vapor from a 0.1 M solution reduced plant-parasitic and fungivorous nematodes by 89–96% while the vapor from a 1 M solution of butyric acid reduced entomogenous nematodes by 94–99%. Bacterivorous nematodes did not survive the 7-day incubation period in appreciable numbers in either controls or treated sand. A 2-day incubation of nematodes in sand acidified with HCl to achieve pH values of 3.4 and 3.0 (similar to sand amended with 0.88 and 8.8 mg butyric acid g−1 sand) had no effect on nematode survival in any of the trophic groups tested. A positive correlation was found between LC50 values for butyric acid and nematode surface area-to-volume ratios for four out of five plant parasitic nematodes (r=0.99; P=0.01) and a negative correlation was found for bacterivorous, entomogenous and fungivorous nematodes combined (r=−0.77; P=0.07). The differentiation in chemical tolerances demonstrated here may hold a key to targeting plant parasitic nematodes without affecting free-living forms.
The effect of satiety on responses of gustatory neurons in the amygdala of alert cynomolgus macaques

An alert cynomolgus macaque was fed a sweet solution to satiety as the activity of a gustatory neuron in the amygdala was recorded to that solution and to four other taste stimuli. This experiment was conducted a total of 14 times in two monkeys. The responses of individual neurons to the satiety stimuli were suppressed by as little as 1%, and as much as 100% by the induction of satiety (mean suppression = 58%). Nine of the 14 cells responded to the satiety solution with excitation, and their responses were suppressed by a mean of 62% by satiety. Five neurons responded with inhibition, and their responses were suppressed by a mean of 50%. Responses to other taste stimuli, not associated with satiety, were affected to a lesser extent. The amygdala is a taste relay between the primary gustatory cortex, where satiety has no influence on responses to taste stimuli, and the lateral hypothalamic area where the effect of satiety is total. The data presented here indicate that the amygdala is a functional as well as anatomical intermediary between these two areas, and serves as a stage in the process through which sensory stimuli are imbued with motivational significance.
THERMAL STRESSES IN A PARTIALLY ABSORBING FLAT PLATE SYMMETRICALLY HEATED BY THERMAL RADIATION AND COOLED BY CONVECTION

The stresses due to “thermal trapping” of internally absorbed radiation in solid materials are analyzed for a flat plate symmetrically heated by radiation and cooled by convection for finite values of the heat transfer coefficient. The thermal-stress state consists of an initial transient followed by a steady-state stress at t -> ∞ and involves a reversal in the sign of the stresses. The maximum value of the transient stress increases with optical thickness, whereas the maximum value of the steady-state stress occurs at an optical thickness μa = 1·3 with zero stresses at μa. = 0 and ∞.
Ants as Important Predators of Rootworm Eggs in the Neotropics

Experiments conducted in Costa Rica showed that 2 species of ants, Solenopsis geminata F. and Pheidole sp., were important predators of rootworm eggs. In field experiments, the ants removed ca. 80% of the rootworm eggs over a 3-day period and removal probably would be higher during the 6 days normally required for egg hatching. As annual cropping systems gradually replace swidden agriculture in the neotropics, the ant fauna inhabiting these highly disturbed environments seems to hold special promise in controlling certain pests such as rootworms.
Incorporation of baryons into the topological expansion

Abstract Veneziano's topological expansion is extended to duality diagrams involving mesons and baryons.
Does Academic Discipline Moderate CoI-Course Outcomes Relationships in Online MBA Courses?.

Abstract This paper examines the relationships between the elements of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, disciplinary differences, perceived learning, instructor effectiveness, and delivery medium satisfaction. Specifically, the proposed research examines whether disciplinary differences such as those proposed by Biglan (1973a, 1973b) moderate the relationships between social, cognitive, and/or teaching presence and online course outcomes. Drawing from the results of a two-year study of students in over 50 online MBA courses, we found that disciplinary effects moderated the relationships between facilitating discourse, direct instruction and perceived student learning. Disciplinary effects did moderate the relationship between CoI elements and perceptions of instructor effectiveness. As disciplines moved closer to “pure” or “hard” status, social presence became positively associated and cognitive presence became negatively associated with perceived instructor effectiveness.
Familial Power and Women’s Contradictory Responses to Attitudinal Questions About Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh:

Research is lacking on how power processes can influence women's reporting of their attitudes about intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Structural elements of textual data were investigated as potential evidence of latent power. Overall, the majority of the women switched their response at least once throughout the interview, and the context of these contradictory responses provide evidence that women's reporting of attitudes about IPV against women may be understood as arising in part from latent power processes. New methodological tools are needed to better understand women's personal attitudes about IPV against women.
Cell Cycle Localization, Dimerization, and Binding Domain Architecture of the Telomere Protein cPot1

Pot1 is a single-stranded-DNA-binding protein that recognizes telomeric G-strand DNA. It is essential for telomere capping in Saccharomyces pombe and regulates telomere length in humans. Human Pot1 also interacts with proteins that bind the duplex region of the telomeric tract. Thus, like Cdc13 from S. cerevisiae, Pot 1 may have multiple roles at the telomere. We show here that endogenous chicken Pot1 (cPot1) is present at telomeres during periods of the cell cycle when t loops are thought to be present. Since cPot1 can bind internal loops and directly adjacent DNA-binding sites, it is likely to fully coat and protect both G-strand overhangs and the displaced G strand of a t loop. The minimum binding site of cPot1 is double that of the S. pombe DNA-binding domain. Although cPot can self associate, dimerization is not required for DNA binding and hence does not explain the binding-site duplication. Instead, the DNA-binding domain appears to be extended to contain a second binding motif in addition to the conserved oligonucleotide-oligosaccharide (OB) fold present in other G-strand-binding proteins. This second motif could be another OB fold. Although dimerization is inefficient in vitro, it may be regulated in vivo and could promote association with other telomere proteins and/or telomere compaction.
A numerical Eulerian method of moment for solute transport in a nonstationary dual-porosity medium

Abstract An Eulerian perturbation approach was applied to develop a method of moment for solute transport in a nonstationary, fractured medium. The conceptualized fractured medium is described through a dual-porosity model. Stochastic governing equations for mean concentration and concentration covariance were analytically derived to the first-order accuracy of log-conductivity variance and solved with a numerical method––a finite difference method. The developed method is called a numerical Eulerian method of moment (NEMM). This method was compared with the stationary transport theory [Water Resour. Res. 36(7) (2000) 1665] for predicting mean concentration and its spatial moments. The comparison indicated that the two methods matched very well in predicting first and second spatial moments. NEMM solutions were also compared with Monte Carlo simulations for solute transport in stationary fractured media. The results of the two methods were consistent for calculating small log conductivity variance. The theory was then used to study effects of various parameters and nonstationarity of the medium on flow and transport processes. Results indicated that medium nonstationarity would significantly influence the solute transport process. The nonstationary transport theory relaxes many assumptions adopted in stationary theories and paves the way for applying the NEMM to many environmental projects, especially in analyzing uncertainty of solute transport.
Using Regression Models to Estimate the Expectation of Life for the U.S.S.R.

Abstract In this study the Soviet Union serves as a prototype to demonstrate that basic demographic measures can be reconstructed from scanty data. Analytical tools designed for estimating such measures are important in both applied as well as theoretical demography. Regression models are proposed to ascertain the level of births and deaths from scanty information available in the official Soviet government publications.