cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power and Personality: Effects of Machiavellianism, Need for Approval, and Motivation on Use of Influence Tactics

Abstract An organizational simulation explored the selection and use of influence tactics as a function of characteristics of the influencer, the target, and the situation. The choice of influence tactics differed dramatically according to whether a person was high or low in the power-relevant personality traits of Machiavellianism and need for approval. Also, as people became more motivated to influence another person successfully, they became more assertive and less manipulative. Resistance from the target changed people's influence strategy: Promises and threats were replaced by reason-based tactics. Some implications for selection procedures, training programs, and organizational design are discussed.
Collaborative care for a patient with bipolar disorder in primary care: a case example.

Abstract Objective The objective was to describe the process of care and treatment outcomes of a 36-year-old man with bipolar disorder treated using a collaborative care model in primary care. Methods We reviewed and summarized relevant clinical data describing the patient’s care including the medical record, consultant’s reports and discussions with treating clinicians. A meeting was held with experienced consulting psychiatrists to discuss the case. Results Several barriers to delivery of high-quality care existed including initial loss to follow-up, few social supports and lack of follow-through at the community mental health center existed, along with presence of factors that negatively influence bipolar disorder outcomes including initial unopposed antidepressant use at baseline, concurrent alcohol use and co-occurring anxiety symptoms. Despite these barriers, the collaborative care team was able to engage the patient in care and achieve the patient’s and team’s treatment goals. Conclusion Delivery of primary-care-based collaborative care was associated with reduction of bipolar disorder symptoms and improved functioning in a patient with bipolar disorder.
Fuel development for gas-cooled fast reactors

Abstract The Generation IV Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) concept is proposed to combine the advantages of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (such as efficient direct conversion with a gas turbine and the potential for application of high-temperature process heat), with the sustainability advantages that are possible with a fast-spectrum reactor. The latter include the ability to fission all transuranics and the potential for breeding. The GFR is part of a consistent set of gas-cooled reactors that includes a medium-term Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR)-like concept, or concepts based on the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR), and specialized concepts such as the Very High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR), as well as actinide burning concepts [A Technology Roadmap for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems, US DOE Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee and the Generation IV International Forum, December 2002]. To achieve the necessary high power density and the ability to retain fission gas at high temperature, the primary fuel concept proposed for testing in the United States is dispersion coated fuel particles in a ceramic matrix. Alternative fuel concepts considered in the US and internationally include coated particle beds, ceramic clad fuel pins, and novel ceramic ‘honeycomb’ structures. Both mixed carbide and mixed nitride-based solid solutions are considered as fuel phases.
High night temperature decreases leaf photosynthesis and pollen function in grain sorghum.

High temperature stress is an important abiotic stress limiting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yield in arid and semiarid regions. Climate models project greater increases in the magnitude of night temperature compared with day temperature. We hypothesise that high night temperature (HNT) during flowering will cause oxidative damage in leaves and pollen grains, leading to decreased photosynthesis and seed-set, respectively. The objectives of this research were to determine effects of HNT on (1) photochemical efficiency and photosynthesis of leaves, and (2) pollen functions and seed-set. Sorghum plants (hybrid DK-28E) were exposed to optimum night temperature (ONT; 32 : 22°C, day maximum : night minimum) or HNT (32 : 28°C, day maximum : night minimum) for 10 days after complete panicle emergence. Exposure to HNT increased thylakoid membrane damage and non-photochemical quenching. However, HNT decreased chlorophyll content, quantum yield of PSII, photochemical quenching, electron transport rate and photosynthesis of leaves as compared with ONT. Exposure to HNT increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of leaves and pollen grains. Lipid molecular species analyses in pollen grains showed that HNT decreased phospholipid saturation levels and altered various phospholipid levels compared with ONT. These changes in phospholipids and greater ROS in pollen grains may be responsible for decreased pollen function, leading to lower seed-set.
Prospective metastatic risk assignment in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testis cancer: a single institution pilot study☆

Objective: To gain initial experience with a histopathologic model to assign metastatic risk in patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testis cancer (CSI NSGCTC). Materials and methods: Histopathologic factors were recorded prospectively, and metastatic risk assigned according to the proposed model. In the model tested, percentage of embryonal carcinoma (%EMB) ≥80% and/or vascular invasion (+VI) denoted high (>50%) occult disease risk, while %EMB < 80% plus absence of VI denoted low (≤10%) risk. Risk stratification was correlated with outcome and assessed statistically. Results: There were 54 patients with CSI testis cancer evaluated during the study period. Patients with pure seminoma (n = 30), Sertoli cell tumor (n = 1), and Leydig cell tumor (n = 1) were excluded from analysis. Twenty-two patients had CSI NSGCTC and comprise the pilot study cohort. The median follow-up duration from the time of study entry is 31 months (range, 20–61 months). Utilizing the model tested, a statistically significant higher likelihood of occult disease in the high risk cohort compared to the low risk cohort was observed (67% vs. 0%; Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.005). Conclusions: The results of the present pilot study are encouraging, particularly in the potential of identifying a cohort at low metastatic risk. In the appropriate setting, such a patient might be considered for surveillance alone following orchiectomy. High risk assignment was associated with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 67%. This level of risk is superior to single factor PPV, and if confirmed, could influence clinical decision making. Further experience with this model in an expanded setting is required to establish its reproducibility and predictive value.
Time-resolved spectroscopy of the early photolysis intermediates of rhodopsin Schiff base counterion mutants.

Time-resolved absorption difference spectra of COS-cell expressed rhodopsin and rhodopsin mutants (E113D, E113A/A117E, and G90D), solubilized in detergent, were collected from 20 ns to 510 ms after laser photolysis with 7 ns pulses (lambda(max) = 477 nm). The data were analyzed using a global exponential fitting procedure following singular value decomposition (SVD). Over the entire time range excellent agreement was achieved between results for COS-cell and rod outer segment rhodopsin both in kinetics and in the lambda(max) values of the intermediates. The Schiff base counterion mutant E113D showed strong similarities to rhodopsin up to lumi, following the established scheme: batho bsi --> lumi. Including late delay times (past 1 micros), the mutant E113D lumi decayed to metarhodopsin II (MII), showing that the detergent strongly favors MII over metarhodopsin I (MI). However, a back-reaction from MII to lumi was observed that was not seen for rhodopsin. The kinetic schemes for the mutants E113A/A117E and G90D were significantly different from that of rhodopsin. In both mutants batho decay into an equilibrium with bsi was too fast to resolve ( lumi MI-like MII-like. However, the back-reaction from MI-like to lumi was not seen in G90D. MI-like spectral intermediates absorbing around 460 nm appeared in both mutants. They have been shown to be the transducin-activating species (R*). These data, interpreted in the context of previous NMR, FTIR, and Raman data, are consistent with a picture in which the kinetics of batho decay is dependent on a protein-induced perturbation near C12-C13 of the retinal chromophore. The lambda(max) values of the bsi and lumi intermediates in the mutant pigments are interpreted in terms of movement of the Schiff base relative to its counterion.
Ethylene in the Atmosphere of Commercial Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Storage Bins and Potential Effects on Tuber Respiration Rate and Fried Chip Color

Careful storage management is required to maintain post-harvest potato tuber quality. The plant growth regulator ethylene has well documented effects on potato tuber respiration rate, fried product color, and sprouting, but data on the amount of ethylene present in ventilated potato storages and how ethylene may affect tubers in commercial storage are not available. To address this need, ethylene concentration in ventilated commercial storage bins located in central Wisconsin was quantified using gas chromatography from shortly after bin filling until unloading. Samples of the storage atmosphere were collected approximately every other week from 17, 18 and 14 storage bins in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Ethylene was present transiently, and only rarely at concentrations greater than 20 nl l−1. In laboratory-scale experiments, chipping potato tubers responded to ethylene at 20 nl l−1 with an increase in tuber respiration rate, but not with an increase in post-fry chip darkening. These data indicate that the impact of atmospheric ethylene on tuber quality and storage management in ventilated potato storages is likely to be small, except near localized regions of high ethylene production.
Prestabilization for K1 of banach algebras

Abstract The injective stability for the general linear group modulo elementary matrices begins at one plus the stable range of the ring of entries. At one step earlier, the kernel of stabilization is perhaps larger than the group of elementary matrices. Using a Dieudonne-style determinant, it is shown that this kernel is generated by matrices of the form (1 + XY) (1 + XY) , under certain conditions on the ring of entries, or in the relative case, on the ideal. For any ideal of stable rank one, the kernel is given in terms of generators (X + Z + XYZ) (X + Z + ZYX) . Under somewhat stronger conditions, the kernel is shown to be a commutator subgroup.
Relevant Cues for the Visual Perception of Depth: Is Where You See it Where it is?:

We tested seven visual depth cues (relative brightness, relative size, relative height, linear perspective, foreshortening, texture gradient, and stereopsis) at viewing distances of one and two meters to answer two questions. First, which cues provide effective depth information (i.e., only a small change in the depth cue results in a noticeable change in perceived depth). Second, how does the effectiveness of these depth cues change as a function of the viewing distance? Six college-aged subjects were tested with each depth cue at both viewing distances. They were tested using a method of constant stimuli procedure and a modified Wheatstone stereoscopic display. Accuracies for perceptual match settings for all cues were very high (mean constant errors were near zero), and no cues were significantly more or less accurate than any others. Effectiveness of the perspective cues (linear perspective, foreshortening, and texture gradient) was superior to that of other depth cues, while effectiveness of relative...
Foreign language learning using e-mail in a task-oriented perspective: Interuniversity experiments in communication and collaboration

From 1988 to 1990 several collaborative “cross-country” intermediate French classes at Harvard and Stanford became one class. Students combined their efforts and insights in the accomplishment of a semester-long task, in most cases the publication of a student newspaper or magazine, using the electronic mail (e-mail) network to contact each other, elaborate their plans, and bring their projects to successful conclusion. Additional experiments of a similar nature took place between Harvard and the University of Pittsburgh (in the spring of 1990) and between Stanford and the University of Pittsburgh during 1991–1993. This paper suggests that this type of task-oriented learning through distance-communication is applicable at many different course levels and has considerable merit as an approach to teaching and learning. The key phases of this task-based model are presented along with technological information regarding computers and networks, as a guide to colleagues interested in pursuing similar lines of experimental teaching. Also included are samples of student messages, with their varied and often highly colorful discourse features, which attest to the motivation of students and reveal the strong personal investment made by the participants as they join hands across the miles in a productive, communication-based enterprise. The language and learning styles generated by technology and computers fully deserve closer investigation by researchers and teaching practitioners alike. The authors summarize the experiments, discuss assessment, and present research issues, concluding that good pedagogy and quality technology must share a vision of what can be accomplished in this rapidly evolving educational work place.
The impact of costimulatory molecule gene polymorphisms on clinical outcomes in liver transplantation.

CTLA-4 and CD28 deliver opposing signals for T-cell proliferation. We examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CTLA-4 –318C/T and CD28 IVS3 +17T/C for associations with acute rejection in liver transplant recipients. These and two other polymorphisms in CTLA-4 [microsatellite polymorphism +642(AT)n and SNP +49 A/G] were also analyzed for influence on graft survival. Two hundred and eleven liver transplant recipient genotypes were determined by direct sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified genomic DNA. Mean graft survival for patients with the GG genotype of CTLA-4 +49 A/G was 58.5 ± 6.0 months compared with 70.3 ± 4.0 months and 73.8 ± 2.8 months for the AA and AG genotypes, respectively (p = 0.0055). This is in support of previous studies suggesting decreased CTLA-4 function and increased incidence of autoimmune disease for this genotype. The 92-, 94-, and 100-bp alleles of CTLA-4 +642(AT)n occurred more often in African-American transplant recipients and were associated with decreased graft survival (p = 0.0001 and 0.007, respectively) but the independence of these variables could not be established. No associations with acute rejection or graft survival were found for CTLA-4 –318C/T or CD28 IVS3 +17T/C. The described associations between CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and transplant outcomes provide the foundation for further investigations leading to genetic risk stratification for transplant recipients.
An Intelligent Learning Approach for Information Hiding in 3D Multimedia

This paper presents a new watermarking algorithm for 3D triangular mesh models that is based on surface curvature estimation and supervised learning. A feedforward backpropagation neural network is adopted for selecting vertices for watermark insertion. A variety of 3D models with varying degrees of surface curvature are used to train and simulate the neural network. An array of neural networks is used for vertices with different valences to achieve higher watermark embedding capacity. A gray scale bitmap image is used as the watermark. The watermark extraction process is informed and needs the original watermark and 3D model. Experimental results evaluate the embedding capacity, imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed algorithm and simulate various attacks including noise addition, smoothing and cropping.
Serum Immunoreactive Leptin Concentrations in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Recent data in the mouse demonstrate that leptin, a protein hormone produced by fat cells, is required for fertility. In the absence of leptin the mice become obese, diabetic and infertile. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common cause of infertility in women, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Because of the increased frequency of PCOS in obese women we tested the hypothesis that alterations in serum leptin concentrations might be associated with PCOS. Immunoreactive leptin concentrations were measured in 58 women with PCOS and 70 regularly menstruating (control) women. As has previously been shown there was a positive correlation between leptin levels and body mass index (BMI). Although the leptin levels in the majority of women with PCOS fell within the control range, 29% of PCOS women had leptin levels above the 99% prediction interval for their BMI and none had low leptin levels. There were also positive correlations of leptin levels with free testosterone and insulin sensitivity in control women. In women with PCOS, 13% and 9.5% exhibited higher than expected leptin concentrations with respect to free testosterone and insulin sensitivity, respectively. Insulin resistant PCOS women had higher leptin levels than controls. The data demonstrate that a substantial proportion of women with PCOS have leptin levels that are higher than expected for their BMI, free testosterone and insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that abnormalities in leptin signaling to the reproductive system may be involved in certain cases of PCOS.
Smad7 mediates inhibition of Saos2 osteosarcoma cell differentiation by NFκB

The transcription factor NFkappaB is constitutively activated in various tumor cells where it promotes proliferation and represses apoptosis. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) delay cell proliferation and promote differentiation and apoptosis of bone cells through activation of Smad downstream effectors and via Smad-independent mechanisms. Thus, NFkappaB and BMP pathways play opposing roles in regulating osteoblastic cell fate. Here, we show that in osteosarcoma Saos2 osteoblasts, NFkappaB regulates the activity of the BMP/Smad signaling. Inhibition of NFkappaB by overexpression of mIkappaB leads to the induction of osteoblast differentiation. Saos2 cells overexpressing mIkappaB (Saos2-mIkappaB) exhibit higher expression of osteoblast phenotypic genes such as alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and osteocalcin and are more responsive to BMP2 in comparison to wild-type cells (Saos2-wt) or empty vector infected controls (Saos2-EV). Furthermore, BMP-2 signaling and Smad phosphorylation are significantly increased in Saos2-mIkappaB cells in comparison to Saos2-EV cells. Inhibition of NFkappaB signaling in Saos2-mIkappaB cells is associated with decreased expression of the BMP signaling inhibitor Smad7. While gain of Smad7 function in Saos2-mIkappaB cells results in inhibition of BMP signaling, anti-sense knockdown of Smad7 in Saos2-EV cells leads to upregulation of BMP signaling. We therefore conclude that in osteosarcoma Saos2 cells, NFkappaB represses BMP/Smad signaling and BMP2-induced differentiation through Smad7.
Heuristic optimization using computer simulation: a study of staffing levels in a pharmaceutical manufacturing laboratory

This paper summarizes the results of the integration of four heuristic optimization techniques and a computer simulation model. In this project, our goal is to optimize the operating performance of a pharmaceutical manufacturing laboratory in which a small set of operators service a larger set of testing machines. The combinatorial complexity of the operator/test machine set along with the inherent nonlinearity, variability, and stochastic nature of pharmaceutical manufacturing make this problem very difficult, if not impossible to solve using traditional operations research tools. Thus, a very detailed computer simulation model of the laboratory was constructed to answer questions related to the capacity and cycle time capability of the laboratory. While this simulation model provided detail about the dynamics of the operation and functioned as a convenient "what-if" evaluator of proposed operational changes, it did little in terms of telling us what assignment of operators to test machines is best or what the potential range of improvement could be.
Calcium-binding protein of intestine: Induction by biologically significant cholecalciferol-like steroids in vitro

Abstract Vitamin D (cholecalciferol-like) steroids added to the culture medium induce a specific calcium-binding protein (CaBP) ‡ in embryonic chick duodenum maintained in organ culture. Responses of the isolated duodenum faithfully mimic several other cholecalciferol-dependent responses observable in vivo attesting to their physiological significance. Therefore, this system provides a relevant bioassay, i.e. a physiological response (CaBP-induction) in a principal target organ, for the study of structure-activity relationships of biologically-significant cholecalciferol-like steroids. The several cholecalciferol-like steroids normally circulating in the intact animal, including cholecalciferol itself, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, induced CaBP biosynthesis in vitro at or below physiological concentrations. This clearly demonstrates the relative rather than absolute specificity of the intestine for cholecalciferol-like steroids in the induction of CaBP. Maximal activity was observed with either 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (not a native steroid), 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1α,24R,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol indicating a requirement for the 1α-hydroxyl function but suggesting the non-essentiality of the 25-hydroxyl function. The cis triene structure and an intact side-chain were also found to be essential to optimal activity. Preliminary studies with impure analogs suggest an absolute requirement for the 3β-hydroxyl group. The minimal structure inducing CaBP among naturally occurring steroids is cholecalciferol itself.
Patterns of primary succession on the foreland of Coleman Glacier, Washington, USA

Patterns of community development vary among studied glacier forelands around the world. However, there have been few studies of primary succession on glacial forelands in temperate regions of North America. We described patterns in community composition, vegetation cover, diversity, and vegetation heterogeneity during primary succession on the foreland of Coleman Glacier, in Washington State, USA. Community composition changed rapidly with high turnover between age classes. Cover increased through succession as expected. Species richness and diversity were highest in early succession at small scales and in late succession at larger scales. At small scales, heterogeneity decreased in early succession but increased in mature sites. At larger scales, heterogeneity reached its lowest point earlier in succession. These scale-dependent patterns in diversity and heterogeneity differ from results of other studies of glacier forelands. We hypothesize that these patterns arise due to the development of a dense canopy of the deciduous shrub Alnus viridis followed by a dense canopy of Abies amabilis, Tsuga heterophylla, and Pseudotsuga menziesii.
Free radicals and environmental toxins

Some chemicals that contaminate our environment exert their toxic effects by virtue of their ability to form free radicals. In the absence of sufficient quenching reactions, these reactive radicals can attack biomolecules, resulting in their oxidative degradation. Biological membranes which contain polyunsaturated fatty acids are most susceptible to oxidative degradation (lipid peroxidation), although oxidation of DNA may have more severe biological consequences. Free radicals species can be generated by at least two mechanisms in vivo . The first, of which carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) is the classic example, is the biotransformation of the chemical to a free radical species. Metabolism of CCl 4 to the trichloromethyl radical by the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system results in the initiation of lipid peroxidation, protein-lipid cross linkages, and trichloromethyl adducts with DNA, protein, and lipid. The second mechanism for forming free radicals involves their reduction to less stable free radical intermediates which are oxidized by molecular oxygen to give superoxide ( O 2 ⨪ ). In the presence of transition metals, such as iron, O 2 ⨪ can be converted to other oxygen radical species, such as the hydroxyl radical (·OH), an extremely powerful oxidant capable of cleaving DNA, oxidizing protein, and initiating lipid peroxidation. Under many conditions, lipid peroxidation appears not to be initiated by ·OH, but rather by an iron-oxygen complex. Regardless of the identity of the initiating species, transition metals are required for most of the deleterious reactions of oxygen. Superoxide and certain organic radicals have been found to release iron from ferritin.
Baltic amber in the ancient near east: A preliminary investigation

(1985). Baltic amber in the ancient near east: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 16, Studies in Baltic Amber, pp. 292-301.
“Column-By-Column” Compositional Mapping At Semiconductor Interfaces Using Z-Contrast Stem

A new strategy for atomic resolution compositional mapping at semiconductor interfaces is presented. Images can be interpreted directly to within 10% to give column-by-column compositional information with a sensitivity approaching Rutherford scattering cross sections. We apply the method to obtain the first atomic resolution images of interfacial ordering in ultrathin (Si{sub m}Ge{sub n}){sub p} superlattices and attribute the results to growth on (2 {times} 1) and (1 {times} 2) reconstructed surfaces. 13 refs., 7 figs.
Partially Blind Deblurring of Barcode from Out-of-Focus Blur ∗

This paper addresses the nonstationary out-of-focus (OOF) blur removal in the application of barcode reconstruction. We propose a partially blind deblurring method when partial knowledge of the clean barcode is available. In particular, we consider an image formation model based on geometrical optics, which involves the point-spread function (PSF) for the OOF blur. With the known information, we can estimate a low-dimensional representation of the PSF using the Levenberg--Marquardt algorithm. Once the PSF is obtained, the deblurred image is computed by solving a quadratic program. We find that imposing a [0,1] box constraint is often good enough to enforce binary signal. Experiments on real data demonstrate that the forward model is physically realistic and our partially blind deblurring method can yield good reconstructions.
Explaining variation in the effect of floral density on pollinator visitation.

AbstractPollinator responses to floral density have important implications for plant biology. In particular, a decline in pollinator visitation at low density can cause an Allee effect (a positive relation of fitness to density) in the plant population, which heightens that population’s vulnerability to extinction. Empiricists have reported a variety of relations between flower or plant density and pollinator visitation rates. Here I develop and test a model that provides explanations for this diversity. The model assumes that pollinators distribute themselves between a focal patch of flowers and the surrounding environment so as to maximize foraging success. The resulting relation of per-flower visitation rate to focal-patch floral density is nonlinear, with positive effects at low floral densities and weaker or negative effects at higher densities. The relation is influenced by floral density in the surrounding environment and traits of both the plants and their pollinators. In a field experiment, flora...
La reconnaissance, la justice, et la vie bonne

This article deals with recognition, justice, and the good life separately, then as tied together in a web of interdependence. I begin with the multiple meanings of “recognition” and “to recognize.” I follow the order that Paul Ricoeur has in established in The Course of Recognition . Ricoeur groups these definitions into three kinds: epistemological definitions, recognition of oneself, and recognition of others. Next, I describe two kinds of justice, that of the judiciary and courts, both civil and criminal. Finally, I point out the many systems that must function to have a good life in a modern society. These include systems of transportation, communication, commerce, banking, private property, as well as many others. Their importance is brought home when we look at countries in civil war, such as Syria, or ones that have been mostly destroyed by natural forces such as Haiti after the massive earthquake. My conclusion is that the good life requires recognition of one another and of legitimate governments as well as functioning systems of justice. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE
A Spectrophotometric Investigation of Dihydroxyacetone‐Arginine Browning

SUMMARY Color development was maximum at a 2:l stoichiometric ratio of dihydroxyacetone to arginine when both the molar-ratio and Job's methods were applied to solutions maintained at a pH 6.3–6.5. The reactants, which produced the red-brown color through a series of chemical changes, gave reprodueihle absorbance data at 300 mμ for solutions containing a final concentration of 2–120 ppm of dihydroxyacetone.
Cadmium in Plankton: Elevated Concentrations off Baja California

One hundred thirty-five plankton samples were collected in the northeast Pacific Ocean and analyzed for their cadmium content. Concentrations were generally low (2 to 5 micrograms of cadmium per gr...
Ab initio potential energy curves for H2H+2 interactions

Abstract Potential energy surfaces for the ground and excited state interactions of H 2 with H + 2 have been calculated using SCF and CI techniques. Six geometries have been studied, in which the H 2 and H + 2 bond lengths were restricted to their equilibrium values, and the intermolecular H 2 H + 2 distance was varied from 0.5 to 20 au. Ground state binding energies range from 0.4 to 1.6 eV. The most stable geometry was found to be a perpendicular orientation with the H + 2 molecule lying on a line bisecting the H 2 bond axis.
Salt and cosolvent effects on ionic drug loading into microspheres using an O/W method.

Salt effects on aqueous solubility and microsphere entrapment efficiency of a model ionic drug (quinidine sulfate) were studied. Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PLA) microspheres were prepared using an O/W solvent evaporation method with various electrolytes added in different concentrations to the aqueous phase. Salts affect microsphere drug loading by changing the aqueous solubility of both the drug and the organic solvent (dichloromethane, DCM). Quinidine sulfate solubility was depressed by either a common ion effect (Na(2)SO(4)) or by formation of new, less soluble drug salts (e.g., bromide, perchlorate, thiocyanate) for which solubility products (K(sp)) were estimated. Inorganic salts depress DCM aqueous solubility to different extents as described by the Hofmeister series. NaClO(4) and NaSCN depressed drug solubility to the highest extent, resulting in microspheres with high drug loading (e.g., >90%). Other salts such as Na(2)SO(4) did not depress quinidine sulfate solubility to the same extent and did not improve loading. The use of a cosolvent (ethanol) in the organic phase improved microsphere drug loading and resulted in a uniform microsphere drug distribution with smooth release profiles.
Low-Stakes Testing and Psychological Reactance: Using the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale to Better Understand Compliant and Non-Compliant Examinees

The current study examined whether psychological reactance differs across compliant and non-compliant examinees. Given the lack of consensus regarding the factor structure and scoring of the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale (HPRS), its factor structure was evaluated and subsequently tested for measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar) across two types of examinees: examinees that attended university assessments (i.e., compliant examinees) and examinees that skipped these assessments (i.e., non-compliant examinees). Measurement invariance of the HPRS across compliant and non-compliant examinees was supported, enabling the testing of latent mean differences, which provided known-groups validity evidence: non-compliant examinees reported significantly higher levels of reactance than did compliant examinees. Implications for low-stakes testing internationally, including strategies to increase compliance, are discussed.
Clinical view on the importance of dendritic cells in asthma.

Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and may lead to airway remodeling in uncontrolled cases. Genetic predisposition to an atopic phenotype plays a major component in the pathophysiology of asthma. However, with tremendous role of epigenetic factors and environmental stimuli in precipitating an immune response, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated. Dendritic cells are principal antigen-presenting cells and initiators of the immune response in allergic asthma. Their phenotype, guided by multiple factors may dictate the immune reaction to an allergic or tolerogenic response. Involvement of the local cytokine milieu, microbiome and interplay between immune cells add dimension to the fate of immune response. In addition to allergen exposure, these factors modulate DC phenotype and function. In this article, integration of many factors and pathways associated with the recruitment and activation of DCs in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma i...
Psychoanalytic peregrination. V: The Zollikon Lectures.

This article is to prepare the reader, along with the previous peregrination, for the article that follows by Professor Lang. It introduces the thinking of Heidegger at the Zollikon Seminars, conducted by the Swiss psychoanalyst Medard Boss, founder of Daseinanalyse and presented to a group of Swiss psychiatrists. Heidegger opposed Freud's scientific Weltanschauung and his hydraulic system of metapsychology, objecting that it dehumanizes the patient. He emphasized the importance of the therapist's "presence" and openness to the patient. He utilized phenomenology to prevent relating to the patient as an "other" or "thing" and advocated a hermeneutic approach instead. This approach involves the use of questions and answers to gain a gradual explicit understanding of the unique communications from the individual patient. He opposed the approach of the drug companies that impel psychiatry to use classification of disorders through manuals such as DSM-IV and then subject the patient to the recommended drug for that disorder, which he maintained was a form of domination of the patient as the "other."
Modeling and performance analysis of high-speed, high-power GaN nanowire FETs

One-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes are of considerable interest due to their potential for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. Gallium nitride (GaN) NWs have attracted attention for applications in high-speed, high-power field effect transistors (FETs) due to their wide bandgap (3.2 eV for bulk GaN). There are reports in the literature on the experimental realizations of GaN NW FETs [1].
Preservice and Experienced Teachers' Opinions of Skills and Behaviors Important to Successful Music Teaching:

The purpose of this study was to compare the responses of preservice teachers and experienced teachers when asked, "What skills and behaviors are important to successful music teaching in the first three years of experience?" The sample consisted of randomly selected groups of preservice teachers (n = 35) and experienced teachers (n = 35). Subjects were given a list of teacher skills/behaviors and asked .to rate the level of importance of each item using a 4-point Likert-type scale. For each item, the mean score for both groups was calculated and used to determine rank order. Of the 10 top-ranked items for each group, 7 were common to both groups. On 6 of the 40 items, there existed a difference of 10 or more rankings between the groups. Nine of the 40 items were ranked equally or within one ranking of each other As an ex post facto measure, each of the items was placed into one of three broad skill categories (personal, musical, or teaching). A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine that both groups rated personal skills and teaching skills as significantly more important than musical skills.
Identification of QTLs influencing alcohol preference in the High Alcohol Preferring (HAP) and Low Alcohol Preferring (LAP) mouse lines.

The High- and Low-Alcohol Preferring (HAP1/LAP1 and HAP2/LAP2) mouse lines were developed by selective breeding for differences in alcohol preference. They represent the only extant selectively bred mouse lines developed for this alcohol phenotype. Therefore, they provide a unique resource for QTL detection and mapping. Importantly, neither of the replicate lines is inbred and therefore, novel study designs can be employed to detect loci contributing to alcohol preference. Two independent studies, with very different approaches, were conducted in the HAP and LAP replicate lines. In Study 1, microsatellite markers were genotyped in the replicate HAP1/LAP1 and HAP2/LAP2 mice in QTL regions nominated by other mouse RI and F2 studies in order to detect divergence of allele frequencies in the two oppositely selected lines. Significant differences in allele frequencies were observed in the HAP1/LAP1 mice with markers on chromosome 9 (p<0.01). In the HAP2/LAP2 mice, significant differences in allele frequencies were identified on chromosomes 2 and 9 (p<0.01). In Study 2, a genome-wide screen was performed in a sample of 432 HAP1×LAP1 F2 animals and a QTL on chromosome 9 (LOD=5.04) was found which met criteria for genome wide significance (p<0.001). Gender specific analyses supported a greater effect of the QTL among female mice (LOD=5.19; p<0.0008) than male mice (LOD=1.19). This study provides additional evidence and confirmation that specific regions on chromosomes 9 and perhaps 2 are important for alcohol preference.
The Aging Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases

This article reviews the current thoughts on the effects of aging on the brain. Mechanisms of neurodegeneration are discussed, particularly those associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Strategies of early detection of presymptomatic disease and potential future treatments are explored. Modification of risk factors and lifestyles for disease prevention is discussed.
Self-Concepts of Rural Early Adolescent Juvenile Delinquents

Using a sample of rural early adolescents the present study found delinquent adolescents to have a lower self-concept than their nondelinquent counterparts, especially in the areas of body image, moral and ethical self, and family self-concept. These delinquents showed significant signs of maladjustment on the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale but accepted their negative self-image. Supplementary questions indicated that the delinquent group felt emotionally distant from their families, over reliant on their peers, and saw little hope for their future.
Correlates of sunburn experiences among U.S. adults: results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey.

b SYNOPSIS Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of sunburns in the U.S. adult population and the correlates of sunburns. Methods. Data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Module were used to calculate the number of sunburns (0, 1, 2, or 3) experi- enced during the past year by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and skin sensitivity to sun exposure. The relationship between no sunburns vs. one or more sunburns and additional demographic, health, and behavioral factors for adults who self- identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic was assessed using general linear contrasts. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the most important covariates associated with sunburns. All analyses were weighted for the complex sampling design. Results. The study data suggest that overall, 18.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.9, 19.1) of U.S. adults experience one sunburn a year, 9.7% (95% CI 9.3, 10.1) experience two, and 8.0% (95% CI 7.6, 8.4) experience 3 sunburns. The data also indicate that adults who self-identify as white non-Hispanic experi- ence sunburns more frequently than (in order of prevalence) those who identify as American Indian/Alaska Native, white Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or black. Sunburns were found to be more common among men than among women, more common among younger age groups than among older age groups, and more common among those with skin more prone to sunburn than among those with skin less prone to sunburn. Among individuals who self- identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic, protective behaviors associ- ated with lower rates of one or more sunburns in multivariate analyses are staying in the shade (odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.66, 0.80) and wearing long-sleeved shirts (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75, 0.99). Conclusions. Many American adults have one or more sunburns per year. Methods to protect from sun exposure may not be used as needed to prevent sunburn.
The Intelligentsia in the Constitution of Civil Societies and Post Communist Regimes in Hungary and Poland

The most prominent actor in the 1989 transformation of Eastern Europe has been the intelligentsia, a class whose basis for power is its control over a special form of teleological knowledge, and a culturally constituted group whose claim to authority is its historic role as leaders of East European nations. 2 In the wake of revolution they have in most places replaced the communist party and won political authority. In this article I explain the process through which the intelligentsia has apparently come to power, the character of its authority made in struggle, and what alternative futures post-communism might have for the prospects of the intelligentsia. The commonality of the intelligentsia's authority suggests a powerful and common structure at work in communism's fall. I argue that there is indeed such a deep structure of antagonism between the intelligentsia and the Soviet-type system on the one hand, and considerable determinism in the initial shape of post-communism on the other. But to lose sight of the contingencies shaping the transition itself would suggest a determinism in process that is analytically, it not also empirically, indefensible. The intelligentsia's ascension depended on the possibilities of a negotiated settlement between it and reformers in the communist party, which itself depended on the at least implicit acceptance by the popular classes of the intelligentsia's representation. The intelligentsia won this authority by becoming spokespersons for a new universalism, civil society. But this civil society contained several possible meanings, and excluded many significant questions from its conceptualization. The future of post-communist systems depends on how civil society's contradictions and exclusions are worked out as conflicts within and about the intelligentsia and its efforts to legislate a new society rage.
Epileptogenic doses of penicillin do not reduce a monosynaptic GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition in the intact anesthetized cat.

Abstract The hypothesis that penicillin (PCN) causes seizures by interfering with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition was investigated by observing the effect of epileptogenic doses of systemic PCN on the monosynaptic inhibition of Deiters neurons by cerebellar stimuli. After intravenous PCN, typical epileptic spikes in cerebral cortical surface recordings occurred and were correlated with various degrees of hyperactivity and Deiters nucleus. Intracellular recordings in five Deiters neurons with stable penetrations before and after PCN-induced cortical spikes showed no reduction of the evoked monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). These few long-duration recordings were supported by statistical analysis of IPSP amplitude in small populations of neurons recorded either before or after PCN in 11 cats; no significant trend was seen after PCN. Extracellular unit and antidromic field potential recordings in Deiters nucleus did show alterations of net inhibition after PCN but do not refute the intracellular data. The epileptic effects of PCN on the intact mammalian nervous system may involve mechanisms other than antagonism of GABA-mediated inhibition.
The Space Charge that Surrounds a Conductor in Corona at 60 Cycles

An exploring potential wire was used to locate the radial position and to determine the potential of the space charge that surrounds a conductor in 60-cycle corona. The familiar concentric cylinder set-up was used. The potential of the exploring wire due to the applied voltage and its position in the electric field between the conductor and cylinder was maintained at zero so that the potential on the wire was due only to the presence of the space charge. The cyclic potentials of the exploring wire at various radial distances from the conductor in corona at the center of the cylinder were observed with an electrometer of low capacitance connected through a phase-shifting synchronous contactor to the exploring wire and through its own capacitance to ground. The location of the space charge and the potential it sets up in the electric field in the space surrounding the conductor in corona were thus determined. The paper contains four sections: I?The Problem and Results, II?Description of the Apparatus Used and the Method of Application, III?Discussion, IV?Conclusions.
Views on end-user searching

La recherche online est une partie de l'industrie de l'information en perpetuelle evolution. Durant ces dix dernieres annees elle est sortie des bibliotheques pour penetrer dans les bureaux et chez les particuliers creant un groupe d'utilisateurs finals. Ceux-ci sont definis comme ne faisant pas appel a un intermediaire pour interroger mais leurs caracteristiques demographiques sont inconnues. Les utilisateurs finals font des recherches online pour des raisons tres diverses et il semble que leur nombre s'accroit regulierement ce qui a des implications non negligeables pour les vendeurs et les intermediaires, des demandes de clients plus nombreux et plus divers devant en decouler. (INTD)
SYNTHESIS OF STATE FEEDBACK LAWS FOR END-POINT OPTIMIZATION IN BATCH PROCESSES

nature of the feedback law (static or dynamic) are completely characterized in terms of the Lie bracket structure of the system dynamics. Explicit synthesis formulae for the state feedback laws are first obtained for time-invariant systems and then extended to time-varying systems. As illustrative examples of application of the proposed methodology, we consider several end-point optimization problems in batch chemical and biochemical reactors. INTRCJDUCTJON Batch and semi-batch processes are of great importance to the chemical industry. A wide variety of specialty chemicals such as antibiotics and polymers are produced in batch reactors; they are preferred due to their ease and flexibility of operation. Batch reactors are used when there are many processing steps in the chemical process, when isolation is required for reasons of sterility or safety and when the materials involved are hard to handle.
Selecting Standardized Tests in Nursing Education

Nursing faculty frequently utilize or consider the use of nationally standardized tests to evaluate nursing student performance and their potential to pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) © after graduation. There is little literature available to advise and guide nursing faculty in criteria to consider when selecting a standardized testing company to assess student readiness for NCLEX. The intent of this article is to share criteria to consider when evaluating a standardized test or testing program that has been gathered through an informal survey of faculty who are currently using standardized tests.