cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-statement induction of mood: Some variations and cautions on the velten procedure

Assessed the utility of the Velten mood induction procedure over two sessions and with a reduced number of self-statements, Ss (N = 72) read 25 or 50 statements that were elative, neutral (no. change), or depressive and completed Multiple Affect Adjective Checklists on both days. On both days, statements were found to influence significantly mood ratings, although a slight reduction in change conditions was noted. Reading a full set of statement (50) was found to have the greatest impact on mood.
Evaporating Extended Meniscus in a V-Shaped Channel

A mathematical model of the evaporating extended meniscus in a V-shaped channel was developed to investigate the effect of wedge half-angle and vapor mass transfer on meniscus morphology, fluid flow, and heat transfer. The liquid was unsaturated, flowed down the wedge due to gravity, and evaporated into atmospheric air. The average Nusselt number was found to decrease as the wedge half-angle increased, primarily because of an increase in the average wall-interface temperature difference. The mean curvature changed from zero at the interline to a constant, at a distance approximately three times the adsorbed layer thickness from the wall. The capillary pressure calculated from first principles was nearly twice as large as that determined from a semicircular approximation of the mean curvature. We believe that this was partially due to the presence of the van der Waals attraction near the wall. Downstream from the inlet, both thermocapillary convection and pressure recovery in the liquid caused the interline to move downward toward the wedge apex and then upward away from the apex until the piezometric pressure gradient was equal to zero. The locus of liquid dry out points were estimated based on axial locations where the piezometric pressure gradient was equal to zero; this represented a point of zero flow in the channel. As expected, the points where dry out occurred, moved closer to the inlet as the surface mass flux was increased.
Inhibition of Cutaneous Paresthesia Resulting from Synthetic Pyrethroid Exposure

: Synthetic pyrethroids are potent lipophilic insecticides recognized as nerve toxins. Their increased usage in recent years has established them as a serious competitor against the currently available pesticides. Reported cases of occupational exposure have noted the presence of paresthesia without the clinical symptoms of erythema, edema, or vesiculation. Pilot studies were performed with six prophylactic agents to assess their capability of preventing or ameliorating the paresthesia that accompanies exposure. Vitamin E oil (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate) proved the most efficacious.
Corporate social responsibility: the role of Fortune 100 companies in domestic and international natural disasters

The failures of governments in emergency-management-related activities have highlighted the importance of how corporations engage in the response, recovery, planning, and mitigation of disasters. Through the content analysis of corporate social responsibility reports from Fortune 100 companies (N = 84), this study found that most corporations engage in disaster-related activities for instrumental and ethical reasons. Short-term relief and recovery activities were reactive and episodic-based, and included financial and in-kind activities to employee and customer stakeholder groups. In the case of predictable or more ‘stable’ threats (e.g. disease), proactive long-term initiatives included a broader stakeholder group, where activities ranged from financial-based forms of assistance to collaborative partnerships with NGOs and governments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Management of drug toxicities in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia has grown in complexity, first with the advent of the prototype ABL kinase inhibitor, imatinib, and subsequently with the availability of alternate (currently second-line) inhibitors. Imatinib, dasatinib and nilotinib each have specific considerations regarding safety and toxicity, in addition to a limited number common to the class of ABL kinase inhibitors. Optimal management of patients on therapy requires intimate knowledge not only of response criteria and of timing but also of potential toxicities and their basis, best approaches to avoid them, strategies to manage them when identified and how they may affect response to therapy and patient outcome. With the availability of several approved kinase inhibitors and the ongoing development of additional therapies for Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) leukaemias, there is increasing incorporation of toxicity considerations into decision making between agents. This article reviews the toxicities related to the currently available ABL inhibitors – their basis, relevance and management.
Asperger's syndrome: Implications for nursing practice

The most common disorders within the category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) are the Autistic Disorders. In the 1994 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV, Asperger's Disorder became a d...
Nanostructured lipid carriers as multifunctional nanomedicine platform for pulmonary co-delivery of anticancer drugs and siRNA

We developed, synthesized, and tested a multifunctional nanostructured lipid nanocarrier-based system (NLCS) for efficient delivery of an anticancer drug and siRNA directly into the lungs by inhalation. The system contains: (1) nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC); (2) anticancer drug (doxorubicin or paclitaxel); (3) siRNA targeted to MRP1 mRNA as a suppressor of pump drug resistance; (4) siRNA targeted to BCL2 mRNA as a suppressor of nonpump cellular resistance and (5) a modified synthetic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) as a targeting moiety specific to the receptors that are overexpressed in the plasma membrane of lung cancer cells. The NLCS was tested in vitro using human lung cancer cells and in vivo utilizing mouse orthotopic model of human lung cancer. After inhalation, the proposed NLCS effectively delivered its payload into lung cancer cells leaving healthy lung tissues intact and also significantly decreasing the exposure of healthy organs when compared with intravenous injection. The NLCS showed enhanced antitumor activity when compared with intravenous treatment. The data obtained demonstrated high efficiency of proposed NLCS for tumor-targeted local delivery by inhalation of anticancer drugs and mixture of siRNAs specifically to lung cancer cells and, as a result, efficient suppression of tumor growth and prevention of adverse side effects on healthy organs.
System-level power estimation and optimization—challenges and perspectives

Energy considerations are at the heart of important paradigm shifts in next-generation designs, especially in systems-on-a-chip era. Voltage might very well become a variable design parameter. Hybrid architectures mixing a variety of computational models are bound to be integrated on a single die. Exploiting the opportunities offered by these architectural innovations requires a well-thought out design methodology, combining high-level prediction and analysis tools with partitioning, optimization and mapping techniques. The paper presents a plausible composition of such a design environment.
Chemokines as Therapeutic Targets to Improve Healing Efficiency of Chronic Wounds

Significance: Impaired wound healing leading to chronic wounds is an important clinical problem that needs immediate attention to develop new effective therapies. Members of the chemokine family seem to be attractive and amenable to stimulate the healing process in chronic wounds. Targeting specific chemokines and/or their receptors has the potential to modify chronic inflammation to acute inflammation, which will hasten the healing process. Recent Advances: Over the years, expression levels of various chemokines and their receptors have been identified as key players in the inflammatory phase of wound healing. In addition, they contribute to regulating other phases of wound healing making them key targets for novel therapies. Understanding the signaling pathways of these chemokines will provide valuable clues for modulating their function to enhance the wound healing process. Critical Issues: Inflammation, an important first-stage process in wound healing, is dysregulated in chronic wounds; emerging stud...
Socio-economic status, cortisol and allostatic load: a review of the literature

Methods A search of all published literature on the PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge literature search engines was conducted using broad search terms. The authors reviewed abstracts and selected articles that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 26 published studies were included in the review. Results Overall, SES was not consistently related to cortisol. Although several studies found an association between lower SES and higher levels of cortisol, many found no association, with some finding the opposite relationship. Lower SES was more consistently related to a blunted pattern of diurnal cortisol secretion, but whether this corresponded to higher or lower overall cortisol exposure varied by study. Approaches to collecting and analysing cortisol varied widely, likely contributing to inconsistent results. Lower SES was more consistently related to higher levels of AL, but primarily via the cardiovascular and metabolic components of AL rather than the neuroendocrine markers. Conclusions Current empirical evidence linking SES to cortisol and AL is weak. Future work should standardize approaches to measuring SES, chronic stress and cortisol to better understand these relationships.
CD4-independent in vivo priming of murine CTL by optimal MHC class I-restricted peptides derived from intracellular pathogens

CTL combat intracellular pathogens by killing infected cells. The molecular targets of their attack are foreign peptides bound to self MHC encoded class I molecules. Immunization of mice with peptides containing CTL determinants was shown to elicit CD4-dependent CTL. Here, we have achieved in vivo CTL priming with naturally processed 8-10 amino acid long class I-restricted peptides emulsified in an adjuvant. A potent, reproducible and physiologically relevant response was obtained using peptides from an intracellular bacterium and five viruses (including HIV) in two murine MHC haplotypes. This method is suitable for multiple vaccination, since a 'cocktail' of peptides derived from three pathogens elicited effector CTL against each pathogen. Most importantly, peptide-induced CD8+CD4- CTL were CD4(+)-independent. These results have implications for CTL induction in situations where CD4 T cells are depleted or compromised, as is the case in HIV infection.
Finite-Volume Model for Shallow-Water Flooding of Arbitrary Topography

A model based on the finite-volume method is developed for unsteady, two-dimensional, shallow-water flow over arbitrary topography with moving lateral boundaries caused by flooding or recession. The model uses Roe's approximate Riemann solver to compute fluxes, while the monotone upstream scheme for conservation laws and predictor-corrector time stepping are used to provide a second-order accurate solution that is free from spurious oscillations. A robust, novel procedure is presented to efficiently and accurately simulate the movement of a wet/dry boundary without diffusing it. In addition, a new technique is introduced to prevent numerical truncation errors due to the pressure and bed slope terms from artificially accelerating quiescent water over an arbitrary bed. Model predictions compare favorably with analytical solutions, experimental data, and other numerical solutions for one- and two-dimensional problems.
Association of Medical Treatment Nonadherence With All-Cause Mortality in Newly Treated Hypertensive US Veterans

Nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs is associated with adverse outcomes; however, mediators of this relationship are poorly understood. We examined the association between the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision code for medical treatment nonadherence (V15.81) assigned before initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy and all-cause mortality in a large cohort of incident hypertensive US veterans. A propensity score-matched cohort of 18 822 patients (9411 patients with and without a V15.81 code) was generated based on variables predictive of the presence of the V15.81 code to assess its independent association with all-cause mortality during 3.8 years of follow-up. We used Cox models before and after adjustment for antihypertensive drug adherence (measured as the proportion of days covered) and for measures of blood pressure to determine whether the association of nonadherence with mortality was mediated through consequences of not following prescribed antihypertensive drugs. At baseline, the mean age of patients was 50.0 years, 91.4% were men, and 33.2% were blacks. The V15.81 code presence was associated with higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.38, 95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.52; P<0.001). Adjustment for medication adherence, blood pressure levels, and blood pressure variability during follow-up did not alter the association between the V15.81 code and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.52; P<0.001). In conclusion, assignment of a V15.81 code before antihypertensive drug therapy was associated with higher all-cause mortality in incident hypertensive US veterans and can be useful to identify high-risk patients in administrative databases. This association was not mediated by worse adherence to antihypertensive drugs or differences in follow-up blood pressure.
Should non-fat-phobic anorexia nervosa be included in DSM-V?

Objective: Cross-cultural data suggest that rationales for food refusal vary in anorexia nervosa (AN), and a variant, termed non-fat-phobic AN (NFP-AN), has been described. This review evaluates whether data support modification of the requirement for intense fear of weight gain to meet AN criterion B in DSM-V. Method: We performed a systematic search of the Medline and PsychInfo literature and evaluated the relevant publications by Robins and Guze’s (Am J Psychiatry 126, 983‐987, 1970) criteria as a standard for diagnostic validity. We also performed a meta-analysis comparing the severity of eating pathology in AN to (a) NFP-AN and (b) AN with low drive for thinness (low-DT-AN). Results: A modest literature indicates that NFP-AN has wide geographic distribution and occurs in both Western and non-Western populations alongside cases of typical AN. Aggregating across eligible studies, patients with NFP-AN or low-DTAN score at least 2/3 of a standard deviation lower on measures of eating pathology than patients with conventional AN. Transcultural comparison of drive for thinness suggests significantly lower norms in non-Western cultures. Discussion: NFP-AN occurs with wide distribution. Further research is necessary on the course and outcomes of NFPAN to characterize its congruence with, or distinction from, conventional AN. We discuss several options for including a description of NFP-AN in DSM-V. V C 2009
Programmed cell death.

Letters from: [ Jan Novak ][1] [ Alice B. Fulton ][1] [ Jean Claude Ameisen ][1] Jean Claude Ameisen's Perspective “The origin of programmed cell death [PCD]” ([31 May, p. 1278][2]) discusses possible evolutionary roots of cell suicide. In addition to the cited examples, sporulation in
When a “Poach” Is Not a Poach: Re-Defining Human Mate Poaching and Re-Estimating Its Frequency

For a romantic attraction to be considered a mate poach, the pursuer must be aware that, while attempting to attract the targeted individual, the target is already in a nominally exclusive relationship. We investigated a methodological alternative for investigating the frequency of mate poaching. We presented university students with a survey informed by a definition of poaching that, in contrast to that which informed previous surveys, explicitly stated that the poacher must be aware while pursuing the targeted individual that the target was already in an exclusive relationship. Relative to participants in previous research, the current participants reported fewer experiences with poaching. We concluded that the current survey reduced the likelihood of participants reporting experiences with non-poaching forms of romantic attraction as experiences with poaching, and thereby provided more accurate estimates of the frequency of poaching. We also investigated the frequency of a previously uninvestigated form and temporal context of poaching and used a more fine-grained measure of the frequency of poaching than used in previous research. Discussion addresses limitations of the current research and suggests future directions for addressing them.
A variational approach to the fracture of brittle thin films subject to out-of-plane loading

Abstract We address the problem of fracture in homogenous linear elastic thin films using a variational model. We restrict our attention to quasi-static problems assuming that kinetic effects are minimal. We focus on out-of-plane displacement of the film and investigate the effect of bending on fracture. Our analysis is based on a two-dimensional model where the thickness of the film does not need to be resolved. We derive this model through a formal asymptotic analysis. We present numerical simulations in a highly idealized setting for the purpose of verification, as well as more realistic micro-indentation experiments.
XMM-Newton Observations of the Radio-Loud Broad Absorption Line Quasar FBQS J131213.5+231958

We present XMM-Newton observations of the broad absorption line (BAL) quasar FBQS J131213.5+231958. The X-ray spectrum of the source can be well described by an absorbed power-law model in which the absorber is either ionized or only partially covers the continuum source. This can explain the apparent lack of absorption observed in the Chandra spectrum with low signal-to-noise ratio. While the power-law slope of the spectrum is similar to that of non-BAL radio-loud quasars, the Eddington luminosity ratio is likely to be significantly higher than the mean. This shows that in high-mass black holes (BHs), high Eddington accretion may not result in as steep of a spectrum as in lower-mass BHs. This provides important constraints for accretion disk models. It also provides support to the idea that BAL quasars, at least their radio-loud subclass, represent an early evolutionary stage of quasars.
Credit Default Swaps: The Good, The Bad And The Ugly

Credit Default Swaps have been a major cause of problems to financial institutions during the current economic downturn. What is a CDS? Why was it developed? What went wrong? This paper discusses these questions.
A structure-based 3D-QSAR study of anthrapyrazole analogues of the anticancer agents losoxantrone and piroxantrone.

A series of 13 anthrapyrazole compounds that are analogues of piroxantrone and losoxantrone were synthesized, and their cell growth inhibitory effects, DNA binding, topoisomerase IIα mediated (EC 5...
Equilibrium Classical Statistical Mechanics

Statistical mechanics deals, as a matter of fact, with probabilistic treatment of physical systems considered from the point of view of their mechanical properties. The denomination ‘Probabilistic Mechanics’ would, of course, be more pertinent to this discipline. But its usual name is so firmly entrenched in the literature that we will also use it, always keeping in mind, however, its real meaning.
Tunable positive and negative refraction of infrared radiation in graphene-dielectric multilayers

Graphene-dielectric multilayers consisting of alternating layers of atom-thick graphene and nanometer-scale dielectric films exhibit characteristics of hyperbolic metamaterials, in which one positive and one negative permittivity are defined for orthogonal directions. Negative permittivity for electric field polarized in the direction parallel to the conductive graphene sheets gives rise to a negative angle of refraction and low-loss transmission for the side-incidence perspective proposed in this work. The Poynting vector tracing demonstrates the switching between positive and negative refraction in the mid-infrared region by tuning the chemical potential of graphene. This adjustable dual-mode metamaterial holds promise for infrared imaging applications.
Pseudotyped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Functional Analysis of Sars Coronavirus Spike Protein

The entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) into susceptible cells is mediated by binding of the viral spike (S) protein to its receptor molecule, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A pseudotyping system with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles [the VSV G* system, in which the VSV-G gene is replaced by the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene] was reported to produce pseudotyped VSV incorporating envelope glycoproteins from RNA viruses. This system is useful for studies of viral envelope glycoproteins due to the ability to grow at high titers in a variety of cell lines. Infection of target cells with pseudotyped VSV can be detected readily as GFP-positive cells within 16 hours postinfection (hpi) because of the high level of GFP expression in the VSV G* system. Thus, pseudotyping of SARS-CoV-S protein using the VSV G* system may have advantages for studying the function of SARS-CoV-S protein as well as for developing a rapid system for examining neutralizing antibodies specific for SARS-CoV infection. In this report, we describe a rapid detection system for SARS-CoV-S protein–bearing VSV pseudotype infection. The effects of ACE2-binding peptides on SARS-CoV-S–mediated infection were investigated using this system.
Problems Affecting Radioimmunoassay Procedures

(1977). Problems Affecting Radioimmunoassay Procedures. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 365-372.
Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Phosphorylation Modulates Myofilament Length-Dependent Activation

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) phosphorylation is an important regulator of contractile function, however, its contributions to length-dependent changes in cross-bridge (XB) kinetics is unknown. Therefore, we performed mechanical experiments to quantify contractile function in detergent-skinned ventricular preparations isolated from wild-type (WT) hearts, and hearts expressing non-phosphorylatable cMyBP-C [Ser to Ala substitutions at residues Ser273, Ser282, and Ser302 (i.e., 3SA)], at sarcomere length (SL) 1.9 μm or 2.1μm, prior and following protein kinase A (PKA) treatment. Steady-state force generation measurements revealed a blunting in the length-dependent increase in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity of force generation (pCa50) following an increase in SL in 3SA skinned myocardium compared to WT skinned myocardium. Dynamic XB behavior was assessed at submaximal Ca(2+)-activations by imposing an acute rapid stretch of 2% of initial muscle length, and measuring both the magnitudes and rates of resultant phases of force decay due to strain-induced XB detachment and delayed force rise due to recruitment of additional XBs with increased SL (i.e., stretch activation). The magnitude (P2) and rate of XB detachment (k rel) following stretch was significantly reduced in 3SA skinned myocardium compared to WT skinned myocardium at short and long SL, and prior to and following PKA treatment. Furthermore, the length-dependent acceleration of k rel due to decreased SL that was observed in WT skinned myocardium was abolished in 3SA skinned myocardium. PKA treatment accelerated the rate of XB recruitment (k df) following stretch at both SL's in WT but not in 3SA skinned myocardium. The amplitude of the enhancement in force generation above initial pre-stretch steady-state levels (P3) was not different between WT and 3SA skinned myocardium at any condition measured. However, the magnitude of the entire delayed force phase which can dip below initial pre-stretch steady-state levels (Pdf) was significantly lower in 3SA skinned myocardium under all conditions, in part due to a reduced magnitude of XB detachment (P2) in 3SA skinned myocardium compared to WT skinned myocardium. These findings demonstrate that cMyBP-C phospho-ablation regulates SL- and PKA-mediated effects on XB kinetics in the myocardium, which would be expected to contribute to the regulation of the Frank-Starling mechanism.
Deep Neural Networks with Parallel Autoencoders for Learning Pairwise Relations: Handwritten Digits Subtraction

Modelling relational data is a common task for many machine learning problems. In this work, we focus on learning pairwise relations between two entities, with deep neural networks. To incorporate the structural properties in the data that represent two entities concatenated together, two separate stacked autoencoders are introduced in parallel to extract individual features, which are then fed into a deep neural network for classification. The method is applied to a specific problem: whether two input handwritten digits differ by one. We tested the performance on a dataset generated from handwritten digits in MNIST, which is a widely used dataset for testing different machine learning techniques and pattern recognition methods. We compared with several different machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression and support vector machines, on this handwritten digit subtraction (HDS) dataset. The results showed that deep neural networks outperformed other methods, and in particular, the deep neural networks fitted with two separate autoencoders in parallel increased the prediction accuracy from 85.83%, which was achieved by a standard neural network with a single stacked autoencoder, to 88.27%.
Abstract 4960: Circulating miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the United States and throughout the developed world. The current primary screening method for EAC is gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD), and this method is unsuitable and impractical for population-based screening or detection of asymptomatic EAC. Moreover, thus far, only a few reports have described altered miR expression in EAC, none of which were carried out in serum or plasma. We discovered a panel of noninvasive circulating microRNA (miR) biomarkers to promote earlier detection of EAC. We extracted total RNA from serum of each subject and hybridized it to fixed-probe miR microarrays in 12 sera each from EAC patients, subjects with normal EGDs, and 12 matched EAC tissues and normal esophageal tissues from EAC patients. Data was extracted and normalized using Feature Extraction Software 9.3 and GeneSpring software (Agilent) and subsequently analyzed by classification trees, multiple leave-one-out cross-validation, and relative influence plots. We selected the most influential miRs for validation by quantitative RT-PCR assays. Our preliminary miR findings indicate that several miRs show dramatic and significant differences in serum levels between EAC and normal control subjects. An ROC curve assembled based on aggregate data yielded an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.885, with sensitivity = 92% and specificity = 83%. We conclude that a panel consisting of several miRs is likely to discriminate asymptomatic EAC patients from normal subjects, leading to earlier diagnosis and improved prognosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4960. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4960
White Spaces in Black and Latino Places: Urban Agriculture and Food Sovereignty

In recent years urban agriculture has gained the attention of policy-makers, social organizers, and academics alike. This new wave of work and attention focuses on projects that ameliorate issues ranging from food insecurity to urban blight, and environmental degradation to the subversion of industrial food production. These projects consist of a variation of community gardens, educational programs, demonstration farms, and entrepreneurial production farms (I will identify all of these under the umbrella of urban agriculture (UA)). However, by simply studying the social impact of UA, researchers fail to consider who the active agent is in social change; this results in little acknowledgement of a movement that is predominately white, hegemonic, and exclusive. As a movement, UA is largely championed by a middle-class white populace as part of the alternative food movement, rather than being understood as having historical roots in predominately black and/or Latino neighborhoods. As a result, urban agriculture generally creates white spaces in otherwise black or Latino places. In this paper I will argue for a new research direction that considers UA from a critical race theory framework and that will allow researchers to examine how urban agriculture might create white "spaces" and white "ethics" in predominately black and Latino neighborhoods. Understanding UA from a critical race theory framework will be useful in helping the UA movement talk about food sovereignty rather than food insecurity in urban communities.
Structurally heterogeneous material strength criterion

We present the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the limit surface shape for a filled elastic polymer of heterogeneous structure. The construction of the strength criterion for the studied material is realized by a semiempirical method, analogous to the Mohr theory. The limit surface is approximated by two trihedral pyramids, narrowing to a point in the region of positive principal stresses and expanding in the direction of hydrostatic pressure increase. An attempt is made to study the strength experimentally under conditions of hydrostatic tension of specimens of special construction, the results of which indicate the validity of the assumptions adopted relating to the shape of the limit surface.
SURGERY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

It is the chronic synovitis which leads to destruction of the joint in rheumatoid arthritis. Synovectomy is advocated whenever there is evidence of significant synovitis or effusion after three to six months of rest. This is the most useful of the operations for rheumatoid arthritis for it alters the course of the disease in the joint; the joint is refractory to exacerbations of the disease for a long period.
Numerical Simulation of Cutting Force Based on GA and DEFORM in Turning Ceramics

Through the modification of constitutive model,finite element simulation,optimization of genetic algorithm,numerical simulations and experimental,the lawof cutting force was studied in turning ceramics. Based on finite element simulation,chip formation mechanism indicates the chip was continuous layered applying classical Johnson-Cook model,and it did not accord with cutting experiment. After improving the model,the chip was crack-chip in the finite element simulation,and it was applicable for cutting ceramics. Based on least squares method,the monadic regression was carried out according to simulation data of simple single factor,and the analytical equation was obtained on cutting force with changing a single parameter. Correlation coefficient test indicated that the precision of improved model was high. The multivariate model of cutting force was established by genetic optimization algorithm. The multivariate model was verified by single factor and orthogonal tests,and the results indicated the model was accurate to present the lawof cutting force and reliable.
Effects of in vitro and in vivo lead exposure on voltage-dependent calcium channels in central neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Currents through calcium channels of members of an identified cluster of neurons (B cells) in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were studied under voltage clamp. The normal physiological saline was modified to maximize the visibility of voltage-dependent calcium currents and minimize contamination by other currents. Barium was used as the charge carrier for the calcium channels. Depolarizing voltage steps induce an inward current, the magnitude of which varies with the barium concentration. In brains taken from animals not exposed in vivo to lead, in vitro addition of lead acetate to the recording medium (0.25 to 14 microM) inhibits the barium current by 59 +/- 14% (mean +/- s.d.), in a manner that is independent of the lead concentration. The magnitude of the residual current still varies with the barium concentration. The voltage dependence of the current appears to be unaffected by lead. In contrast to some other calcium-channel blockers, such as cobalt, the inhibition of barium currents by in vitro lead exposure is irreversible, at least in short-term experiments. Contrary to expectations based on these in vitro results, barium currents in B cells of animals exposed to 5 microM lead for 6 to 12 weeks in vivo were approximately twice as large as barium currents in B cells from unexposed controls, when both were recorded in lead-free saline. It is possible that chronic in vivo lead exposure causes an increase in the number of calcium channels in these neurons.
Measurement of Average Telomere Length in Ex Vivo Expanded Natural Killer Cells by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Flow Cytometry

Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a critical role in innate immune surveillance against infections and tumors through cytokine secretion and target cell lysis. NK cells function without any need for prior antigen exposure. Thus, more recently NK cells are considered a promising source of lymphocytes for adoptive tumor therapy. However, because NK cells represent only a small lymphocyte fraction, expand poorly ex vivo, and have limited life spans, clinical scale generation of NK cells for tumor immunotherapy was a challenging issue. To overcome this challenge, numerous expansion platforms have been developed. However, ex vivo expansion of NK cells could lead to proliferation-induced senescence. Telomeres at the end of chromosomes play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the chromosome and are lost at each cell division in somatic cells and have emerged as important cellular elements in aging and cancer. Because telomere length is known to decrease in adult human NK cells and is associated with proliferation-induced senescence, it is important to determine the effect of NK cell expansion systems on telomere length. In this chapter, a detailed protocol is provided to analyze the telomere length of expanded NK cells using a commercially available Flow FISH kit.
Prostaglandin H synthase: protein synthesis-independent regulation in bovine aortic endothelial cells

The objective of the present study was to examine whether prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) can be regulated by pathways independent of de novo synthesis of PGHS. Incubation of bovine aortic endothel...
Infrared spectroscopic confirmation of α-lactone formation in the dissociation of a gaseous amino acid

The product obtained upon collision-induced dissociation of sulfonated phenylalanine in the gas phase has been investigated by using infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy with a free-electron laser. This confirms that the product formed by loss of ammonia from the amino acid is the α-lactone, as had been deduced previously based on qualitative analysis and electronic structure calculations. Spectroscopically, the structure is confirmed by the presence of the carbonyl stretching peak at 1915 cm−1 and supported by excellent agreement between the predicted and observed S–O stretching bands. The agreement between predicted relative intensities is not as good, but can be attributed to the nonlinear process of IRMPD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constraints on the magnitude of the deglacial migration of the ITCZ in the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean

Abstract Accurate paleo-latitudinal reconstructions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) are necessary for understanding tropical hydroclimate and atmospheric circulation. Paleoclimate models and records suggest that as global temperatures increase, the ITCZ should migrate towards the warmer hemisphere. Many uncertainties remain regarding the magnitude of this migration, and few studies have focused on the Central Equatorial Pacific (CEP). Here, we use eolian dust records recovered from three locations in the CEP to address changes in dust provenance across the paleo ITCZ since the last glacial maximum (LGM). Radiogenic isotope compositions of Nd and Pb show that dust delivered to the CEP was sourced mainly from two regions: East Asia and South America. From these data we deduced that since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) the ITCZ has migrated north to its modern position, being displaced by as much as 7°, to as little as 2.5°. We find that the ITCZ migrated further north during the early Holocene (∼9 kyr), reaching its position furthest north during the mid-Holocene warm interval (∼7 kyr), based on an increase in South American dust at the northernmost sites.
The Speculative Value of Farm Real Estate

Farm real estate in the Midwest has increased in value at rates not seen since the 1970s. The combination of low interest rates, an increase in the demand for grains, and lower stocks has all pushe...
Respiratory Viruses: Influenza, RSV, and Adenovirus in Kidney Transplantation

Although advances in immunosuppression and antimicrobial prophylaxis have led to improved patient and graft survival, respiratory viruses continue to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. We describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment options for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus infection in the kidney transplant population.
Investigating the Impact of NGSS-Aligned Professional Development on PreK-3 Teachers’ Science Content Knowledge and Pedagogy

This pilot study investigates the impact of a 2-week professional development Summer Institute on PK-3 teachers’ knowledge and practices. This Summer Institute is a component of [program], a large-scale early-childhood science project that aims to transform PK-3 science teaching. The mixed-methods study examined concept maps, lesson plans, and classroom observations to measure possible changes in PK-3 teachers’ science content knowledge and classroom practice from 11 teachers who attended the 2014 Summer Institute. Analysis of the concept maps demonstrated statistically significant growth in teachers’ science content knowledge. Analysis of teachers’ lesson plans demonstrated that the teachers could design high quality science inquiry lessons aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards following the professional development. Finally, examination of teachers’ pre- and post-Summer Institute videotaped inquiry lessons showed evidence that teachers were incorporating new inquiry practices into their teaching, especially regarding classroom discourse. Our results suggest that an immersive inquiry experience is effective at beginning a shift towards reform-aligned science and engineering instruction but that early elementary educators require additional support for full mastery.
Mass-Movement Disturbance Regime Landscapes, Hazards, and Water Implications: Grand Teton National Park

The Teton Range is the result of active crustal extension (normal faulting) and is the youngest range in the Rocky Mountains at approximately 2 million years old. This makes it a particularly attractive landscape to study, especially in terms of landform development and morphology because of its youth, state of seismic activity, and its recent deglaciation. These factors have combined to produce a unique fluvial landscape in that the fault-shattered metamorphic/igneous rocks of the range have been/are being eroded from their source cliffs at high rates which has covered the glacially scoured valley floors with colluvium such as talus slopes, rock slide, avalanche, and debris flow deposits. This project was focused on the characterization of all forms of mass movement, especially rock slides, multiple talus types (rockfall, alluvial, avalanche), protalus lobes, protalus ramparts, lobate and tongue-shaped rock glaciers, and their collective effects on water retention and its late-season delivery in the Grand Teton National Park, WY. A major goal of this project was to reclassify many of the mass movements in the park in an effort to streamline and simplify previous efforts by other scientists. Methods used during this study included field reconnaissance and measurements acquired during the summers of 2010 and 2013 and measurements taken from various datasets (NAIP imagery, shape files used within a GIS [ArcMap 10.0], and Google Earthâ¢). Mass movement deposits, as well as ice glaciers and long-term snowbanks, were mapped and interpreted. Overall conclusions are that the major sources of mass movements from the Archean crystalline core of the range are the result of extensive jointing, fault-shattering, increased frost-wedging at higher altitudes, slopes steepened by prior glacial erosion, and extensive snow avalanches. Areas of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks marginal to the crystalline core produce rockslides as a result of steep dips and unstable shales beneath massive overlying carbonates. The presence of internal ground ice enables development of protalus lobes, thicker rock-fragment flows, and thinner boulder streams. Such ground ice is likely to enhance late-season water delivery downstream unless climate warming and recurrent droughts become too extreme.
Faraday effect sensors for magnetic field and electric current

Recent research at NIST has greatly extended the capabilities of Faraday effect sensors for both magnetic field and electric current measurements. Current sensors using single-mode optical fiber show temperature stability near material limits, and are approaching commercial availability for application in the power industry. The Faraday effect in iron garnets shows great promise for measuring current at low levels and/or high speeds. Sensors with noise equivalent currents of about 200 nA/(root)Hz have been demonstrated. Magnetic field sensors using iron garnets and flux concentration, have led to sensors with noise equivalent magnetic fields in the range of 1 pT/(root)Hz.
La función neoclásica completa de la oferta de trabajo: Una «S» girada

Basandose en un analisis exhaustivo de los estudios sobre el comportamiento de la poblacion pobre como proveedora de fuerza de trabajo, el autor aduce que la funcion en forma de curva de pendiente negativa que aparece repetidamente cuando los salarios son muy bajos es resultado de la penuria que sufren los trabajadores, y no de que estos tengan una «mentalidad anormal» (tesis sostenida por muchos estudiosos del asunto). Mohammed Sharif, a partir de la teoria neoclasica tradicional de la maximizacion restringida de la utilidad, elabora una funcion de oferta con un segmento descendente negativo y otro positivo, es decir, uno que baja y otro que sube respecto del nivel del salario de subsistencia, por debajo del cual el trabajador debe aumentar el tiempo de trabajo para lograr sobrevivir. Si a estos segmentos se anade la porcion inclinada hacia atras correspondiente a los salarios altos, queda completa la funcion de oferta neoclasica, que arroja una curva parecida a una «S» al reves (girada sobre su eje).
Modeling and Recognition of Complex Human Activities

Activity recognition is a field of computer vision which has shown great progress in the past decade. Starting from simple single person activities, research in activity recognition is moving toward more complex scenes involving multiple objects and natural environments. The main challenges in the task include being able to localize and recognize events in a video and deal with the large amount of variation in viewpoint, speed of movement and scale. This chapter gives the reader an overview of the work that has taken place in activity recognition, especially in the domain of complex activities involving multiple interacting objects. We begin with a description of the challenges in activity recognition and give a broad overview of the different approaches. We go into the details of some of the feature descriptors and classification strategies commonly recognized as being the state of the art in this field. We then move to more complex recognition systems, discussing the challenges in complex activity recognition and some of the work which has taken place in this respect. Finally, we provide some examples of recent work in complex activity recognition. The ability to recognize complex behaviors involving multiple interacting objects is a very challenging problem and future work needs to study its various aspects of features, recognition strategies, models, robustness issues, and context, to name a few.
LONGO: an R package for interactive gene length dependent analysis for neuronal identity.

Motivation Reprogramming somatic cells into neurons holds great promise to model neuronal development and disease. The efficiency and success rate of neuronal reprogramming, however, may vary between different conversion platforms and cell types, thereby necessitating an unbiased, systematic approach to estimate neuronal identity of converted cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that long genes (>100 kb from transcription start to end) are highly enriched in neurons, which provides an opportunity to identify neurons based on the expression of these long genes. Results We have developed a versatile R package, LONGO, to analyze gene expression based on gene length. We propose a systematic analysis of long gene expression (LGE) with a metric termed the long gene quotient (LQ) that quantifies LGE in RNA-seq or microarray data to validate neuronal identity at the single-cell and population levels. This unique feature of neurons provides an opportunity to utilize measurements of LGE in transcriptome data to quickly and easily distinguish neurons from non-neuronal cells. By combining this conceptual advancement and statistical tool in a user-friendly and interactive software package, we intend to encourage and simplify further investigation into LGE, particularly as it applies to validating and improving neuronal differentiation and reprogramming methodologies. Availability and implementation LONGO is freely available for download at https://github.com/biohpc/longo. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pseudomonas syringae: Prospects for Its Use as a Weed Biocontrol Agent

Pseudomonas syringae is found on numerous weeds, occasionally causing serious disease. The challenge lies in developing this ubiquitous bacterium into a safe biocontrol agent with consistent knockdown, host-specificity, and cost efficacy for weed control in environments where chemical herbicides are not an option. We have demonstrated that an overabundance of certain amino acids will have a nega- tive impact on certain plants presumably due to feedback inhibition of branched pathways of amino acid biosynthesis. Strains of P. syringae that overproduce a specific amino acid can be selected using appropriate amino acid analogs. Such amino acid overproducing strains of P. syringae retain the ability to colonize plants and, importantly, are inhibitory to plants sensitive to the overproduced amino acid. The host-specificity of the amino acid excreting pathogens might be narrowed by selection for one or more amino acids that are abundant in the target weed.
Advances in Treating Skin Defects of the Hand Skin Substitutes and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy

Surgeons and scientists have been developing alternative methods of hand reconstruction that may play an adjunctive role to, or completely supplant, more traditional reconstructive modalities. This article provides an overview of these emerging techniques, with an emphasis on skin substitutes and negative-pressure wound therapy as they apply to the treatment of soft tissue defects of the hand. The indications, contraindications, and relative advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed in detail.