cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perioperative acute myocardial infarction associated with non-cardiac surgery.

Aims Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant cardiovascular complication following non-cardiac surgery. We sought to evaluate national trends in perioperative AMI, its management, and outcomes. Methods and results Patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery from 2005 to 2013 were identified using the United States National Inpatient Sample. Perioperative AMI was evaluated over time. Propensity score matching was used to compile a cohort of AMI patients managed invasively (defined as cardiac catheterization or coronary revascularization) vs. conservatively. The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Among 9 566 277 hospitalizations for major non-cardiac surgery, perioperative AMI occurred in 84 093 (0.88%). Over time, the rate of perioperative AMI per 100 000 surgeries declined by 170 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 158-181], from 898 in 2005 to 729 in 2013 (P for trend <0.0001). Perioperative AMI occurred most frequently in patients undergoing vascular (2.0%), transplant (1.6%), and thoracic (1.5%) surgery. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with perioperative AMI than those without AMI [18.0% vs. 1.5%, P < 0.0001; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.76, 95% CI 5.65-5.88]. Mortality associated with perioperative AMI declined over time (adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84-0.88). In a propensity-matched cohort of 34 650 patients with perioperative AMI, invasive management was associated with lower mortality than conservative management (8.9% vs. 18.1%, P < 0.001; OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.41-0.47). Conclusion In an observational cohort study from the USA, perioperative AMI occurs in 0.9% of patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery and is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality. Invasive management of such patients may mitigate some of this excess risk, and further research on the management of perioperative AMI is warranted.
Spatial Maps, Feature Integration and Parietal Function: Implications from the Study of Spatial Deficits

In this chapter I discuss some of what can and cannot be visually perceived without spatial awareness, how attentional selection of visual information is affected by damage to neural systems that support spatial processing, how spatial processing in turn is involved in binding surface features such as color and shape together and how multiple spatial maps may guide attention. Relevance of neurolopsychological patient studies is also examined.
Nitric Oxide Attenuates Arterial Pulse Wave Reflection in a Vasodilator Responding Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patient.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by distal vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, microvascular injury, and thrombosis leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm). A small subset (<10%) of patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) respond profoundly (≥10 mm Hg drop in PAPm to ≤40 mm Hg with stable or increased cardiac output) to acute vasodilators, such as inhaled nitric oxide (NO).1 These patients have an excellent prognosis when treated with high-dose calcium channel blockers.1 The principal disease mechanism in this rare subtype of IPAH may be vasoconstriction with limited vascular remodeling. Here, we describe for the first time how inhaled NO influences arterial pulse wave propagation in such a vasoreactive IPAH patient. The patient was a 33-year-old woman undergoing right heart catheterization, which was performed using a dual-tipped pressure and Doppler flow sensor wire to acquire simultaneous pressure and flow velocity measurements in the right pulmonary artery at rest and during NO inhalation (20 PPM). Wave intensity analysis (with and without subtraction of reservoir pressure) and pressure separation were performed.2,3 During vasoreactivity testing, PAPm and PVR decreased (31→17 mm Hg and 4.1→1.0 Wood U, respectively), whereas …
Effect of Gyroscope Parameters on Gyroscopic Tremor Suppression in a Single Degree of Freedom

Although tremor is one of the most common movement disorders, there are few effective tremor-suppressing options available to patients. Gyrostabilization is a potential option, but we do not curren...
On the Dry Deposition of Acid Particles to Natural Surfaces

Monitoring programs conducted over the northeastern continental USA during the past few years have indicated that sulfate particles present in air near the surface are often acidic. These particles, which are typically small and hygroscopic, might be expected to attach themselves to foliage, thus imparting a strong but very localized dose of acid. At this time, the efficiency with which small particles attach themselves to leaf surfaces and the conditions under which they might be re-emitted by abrasion, for example, are largely unknown, and so a considerable uncertainty must be associated with any evaluation of the net effect. Application of deposition velocities in the range presently advocated for sulfate particles suggests acid fluxes by dry deposition that average about two orders of magnitude less than those probably resulting from rainfall. This should not be interpreted as an indication that dry deposition effects can be neglected, since it is clear that acid particles might reside on surfaces for considerable times, perhaps until washed off by rain or sufficiently diluted by dewfall.
The effects of making performance information public: Regression discontinuity evidence from Los Angeles teachers

Abstract This paper uses school-district data and a regression discontinuity design to study the effects of making teachers’ value-added ratings available to the public and searchable by name. We find that classroom compositions change as a result of this new information. In particular, high-scoring students sort into the classrooms of published, high-value added teachers. This sorting occurs when there is within school-grade variation in teachers’ value added.
Landsat time series analysis of fractional plant cover changes on abandoned energy development sites

Abstract Oil and natural gas development in the western United States has increased substantially in recent decades as technological advances like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made extraction more commercially viable. Oil and gas pads are often developed for production, and then capped, reclaimed, and left to recover when no longer productive. Understanding the rates, controls, and degree of recovery of these reclaimed well sites to a state similar to pre-development conditions is critical for energy development and land management decision processes. Here we use a multi-decadal time series of satellite imagery (Landsat 5, 1984–2011) to assess vegetation regrowth on 365 abandoned well pads located across the Colorado Plateau in Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. We developed high-frequency time series of the Soil-Adjusted Total Vegetation Index (SATVI) for each well pad using the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. BFAST time-series models were used to fit temporal trends, identifying when vegetation was cleared from the site and the magnitudes and rates of vegetation change after abandonment. The time series metrics are used to calculate the relative fractional vegetation cover (RFVC) of each pad, a measure of post-abandonment vegetation cover relative to pre-drilling condition. Mean and median RFVC were 36% (s.d. 33%) and 26%, respectively, five years after abandonment, with one third of well pads having RFVC greater than 50%. Statistical analyses suggest that much of the high vegetation cover is associated with weedy invasive annual species such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Russian thistle (Salsola spp.). Climate conditions and the year of abandonment also play a role, with increased cover in later years associated with a wetter period. Non-linear change at many pads suggests longer recovery times than would be estimated by linear extrapolation. New techniques implemented here address a complex response of cover change to soils, management, and climate over time, and can be extended to the operational monitoring of energy development across large areas.
Systemic Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Older Adults.

Over the past 30 years, the incidence in of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States has tripled, largely due to untreated chronic Hepatitis C virus, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Additionally, the incidence of HCC among South Texas Hispanics is higher than elsewhere in the United States. The median age of HCC is 62 years in United States and 67 years in South Texas, with over 30% being 70 years of age or older. However, there is limited data on how to treat older adults with advanced HCC. In this review, we will discuss treatment options for older adults with advanced HCC, further emphasizing the need for prospective studies in this population. Journal of Nature and Science (JNSCI), 4(8):e518, 2018
Unsupervised Image to Sequence Translation with Canvas-Drawer Networks

Encoding images as a series of high-level constructs, such as brush strokes or discrete shapes, can often be key to both human and machine understanding. In many cases, however, data is only available in pixel form. We present a method for generating images directly in a high-level domain (e.g. brush strokes), without the need for real pairwise data. Specifically, we train a "canvas" network to imitate the mapping of high-level constructs to pixels, followed by a high-level "drawing" network which is optimized through this mapping towards solving a desired image recreation or translation task. We successfully discover sequential vector representations of symbols, large sketches, and 3D objects, utilizing only pixel data. We display applications of our method in image segmentation, and present several ablation studies comparing various configurations.
The association between perinatal hypoxia exposure and externalizing symptoms and children's decision making in conditions of uncertainty is moderated by DRD2 genotype.

Variants of the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism, which have been shown to result in functional differences in dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), have been linked to various externalizing outcomes in adults. However, the neurobiological processes that contribute to these associations are not well understood. The current study investigates gene × environment effects on teacher-rated externalizing behaviors and probabilistic decision making in a sample of 333 children (age 9) enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study. Findings indicate that externalizing behaviors increased as a function of hypoxic exposure only among individuals carrying the A1 (A1+) allele. Results also indicate that willingness to pursue reward under conditions of maximum uncertainty (50% probability) decreased as a function of hypoxic exposure only among A1- individuals. Among A1 carriers, no association between probability decision making and hypoxic exposure emerged. These findings suggest that hypoxia could influence neural development through different biological pathways depending on D2 receptor genotype, and provide insight into the development of individual differences in behavior and decision making.
Horizontal Integration of Concepts: An Innovative Teaching Strategy.

BACKGROUND Horizontal integration of a prelicensure nursing curriculum is an innovative discipline-specific teaching-learning strategy for facilitating interactive learning and achievement of quality student learning outcomes. PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to describe the impact of the horizontal integration of an nursing curriculum on students' attendance, collaboration for interactive learning, course grades, and satisfaction with the course learning outcomes. METHODS An intervention of horizontal integration of 2 courses, one on nursing research and evidence-based practice and the other on mental health nursing, in an undergraduate nursing curriculum was used. RESULTS Class attendance and student collaboration improved by 60% to 65%, and final examination scores improved by 14% to 16% for students in the intervention group. CONCLUSION Horizontal integration of a nursing curriculum is a strategy that can improve class attendance, student collaboration, course grades, and student satisfaction with the course learning outcomes.
Risk of Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Twins and Singletons by Gestational Age.

Objective To compare neonatal and infant mortality rates stratified by gestational age (GA) between singletons and twins and examine the three leading causes of death among them. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. vital statistics datasets. The study was restricted to nonanomalous live births at 24 to 40 weeks delivered in 2005 to 2014. We used multivariable Poisson regression models with robust error variance to examine the association between birth plurality (singleton vs. twin) and mortality outcomes within each GA, while adjusting for confounders. The results were presented as adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of 26,292,747 live births, 96.6% were singletons and 3.4% were twins. At 29 to 36 weeks of GA, compared with singletons, twins had a lower risk of neonatal mortality (aRR: 0.37–0.78) and infant mortality (aRR: 0.54–0.86). When examined by GA, the three leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality varied between singletons and twins. Conclusion When stratified by GA, the risk of neonatal and infant mortality was lower at 29 to 36 weeks in twins than in singletons, though the cause of death varied.
Assaying neural activity of children during video game play in public spaces: a deep learning approach.

OBJECTIVE Understanding neural activity patterns in the developing brain remains one of the grand challenges in neuroscience. Developing neural networks are likely to be endowed with functionally important variability associated with the environmental context, age, gender, and other variables. Therefore, we conducted experiments with typically developing children in a stimulating museum setting and tested the feasibility of using deep learning techniques to help identify patterns of brain activity associated with different conditions. APPROACH A four-channel dry EEG-based Mobile brain-body imaging data of children at rest and during videogame play (VGP) was acquired at the Children's Museum of Houston. A data-driven approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) was used to describe underlying feature representations in the EEG and their ability to discern task and gender. The variability of the spectral features of EEG during the rest condition as a function of age was also analyzed. MAIN RESULTS Alpha power (7-13 Hz) was higher during rest whereas theta power (4-7 Hz) was higher during VGP. Beta (13-18 Hz) power was the most significant feature, higher in females, when differentiating between males and females. Using data from both temporoparietal channels to classify between VGP and rest condition, leave-one-subject-out cross-validation accuracy of 67% was obtained. Age-related changes in EEG spectral content during rest were consistent with previous developmental studies conducted in laboratory settings showing an inverse relationship between age and EEG power. SIGNIFICANCE These findings are the first to acquire, quantify and explain brain patterns observed during VGP and rest in freely behaving children in a museum setting using a deep learning framework. The study shows how deep learning can be used as a data driven approach to identify patterns in the data and explores the issues and the potential of conducting experiments involving children in a natural and engaging environment.
The Impact of Virtual Human Voice on Learner Trust

The current study investigates if a virtual human’s voice can impact the user’s trust in interacting with the virtual human in a learning setting. It was hypothesized that trust is a malleable fact...
What is the relationship between menstruation-related restrictions and menstrual health and hygiene management? A mixed method, community-based, cross-sectional study in rural India

The objective of the research was to test the relationship between restrictions and menstrual health and hygiene management (MHHM). A total of 2,212 adolescents in the structured questionnaire and 309 adolescent girls in the focus group discussions (FGDs) were selected using stratified random sampling in three districts of Uttar Pradesh. Overall, 96 per cent of the adolescent girls mentioned they faced some restriction in the structured questionnaire. Factors affecting adequate preparation of clean absorbent included having food restrictions and not having personal and structural restrictions. Factors affecting adequate storage of clean absorbent included not having social/religious restrictions and having structural restrictions. Factors affecting adequate frequency of changing included not having personal restrictions. Factors affecting adequate disposal included not having structural restrictions. The FGDs and structured questionnaire demonstrated that restrictions were ubiquitous, and adolescent girls followed restrictions because of personal and social beliefs, including considering menstruation impure. There was a blurry distinction between personal and social restrictions and most FGDs could not articulate actions to overcome social restrictions. These results highlight that restrictions matter and have a relationship with adequate MHHM. There is a need to combat restrictions using multifaceted approaches by designing programmes that are context specific.
Increased risk of complications in patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty

Abstract Objective The relationship between hypoalbuminemia and complications after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been established. We hypothesize that hypoalbuminemia is associated with complications in patients undergoing revision THA. Methods The ACS-NSQIP database was queried for patients undergoing revision THA. Chi square and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between hypoalbuminemia, demographics, other comorbidities, and complications. Results Hypoalbuminemia is associated with an increased risk of reoperation, bleeding complications, surgical site infections, non-routine discharge, medical complications, and surgical complications. Conclusions Albumin levels should be considered in the preoperative planning of patients undergoing revision THA for possible nutritional optimization.
On BT-limited Signals

In this paper, we introduce and characterize a subspace of bandlimited signals. The subspace consists of all $\Omega$ bandlimited signals such that the non-zero parts of their Fourier transforms are pieces of some $T$ bandlimited signals. The signals in the subspace are called BT-limited signals and the subspace is named as BT-limited signal space. For BT-limited signals, a signal extrapolation with an analytic error estimate exists outside the interval [-T, T] of given signal values with errors. Some new properties about and applying BT-limited signals are also presented.
A new paraprobiotic-based treatment for control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep.

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is a critical parasite of goats and sheep. Infection by this blood-feeding gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite has significant health consequences, especially in lambs and kids. The parasite has developed resistance to virtually all known classes of small molecule anthelmintics used to treat it, giving rise in some areas to multidrug resistant parasites that are very difficult to control. Thus, new anthelmintics are urgently needed. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein 5B (Cry5B), a naturally occurring protein made by a bacterium widely and safely used around the world as a bioinsecticide, represents a new non-small molecule modality for treating GINs. Cry5B has demonstrated anthelmintic activities against parasites of monogastric animals, including some related to those that infect humans, but has not yet been studied in a ruminant. Here we show that H. contortus adults are susceptible to Cry5B protein in vitro. Cry5B produced in its natural form as a spore-crystal lysate against H. contortus infections in goats had no significant efficacy. However, a new Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) paraprobiotic form of Cry5B called IBaCC (Inactivated Bacterium with Cytosolic Crystals), in which Cry5B crystals are encapsulated in dead Bt cell wall ghosts, showed excellent efficacy in vitro against larval stages of H. contortus and relative protein stability in bovine rumen fluid. When given to sheep experimentally infected with H. contortus as three 60 mg/kg doses, Cry5B IBaCC resulted in significant reductions in fecal egg counts (90%) and parasite burdens (72%), with a very high impact on female parasites (96% reduction). These data indicate that Cry5B IBaCC is a potent new treatment tool for small ruminants in the battle against H. contortus.
When Students Speak Out: Understanding the Motivations for I, Too, Am Mobilization:

BackgroundBeginning in the 2013–2014 school year, students across colleges and universities in the United States created a series of campaigns similar to the original I, Too, Am Harvard photo campa...
Examining Psychosociocultural Influences as Predictors of Black College Students’ Academic Self-Concept and Achievement:

Using the psychosociocultural framework, this study concurrently examined the influence of psychological (academic self-concept and academic engagement attitudes), social (caring student-faculty re...
Watershed zonation approach for tractably quantifying above-and-belowground watershed heterogeneity and functions

Abstract. In this study, we develop a watershed zonation approach for characterizing watershed organization and function in a tractable manner by integrating multiple spatial data layers. Recognizing the coupled ecohydrogeological-biogeochemical interactions that occur across bedrock through canopy compartments of a watershed, we hypothesize that (1) suites of above/belowground properties co-varying with each other, (2) hillslopes are representative units for capturing watershed-scale heterogeneity, (3) remote sensing data layers and clustering methods can be used to identify watershed hillslope zones having unique distributions of bedrock-through-canopy properties relative to neighboring parcels, and (4) property suites associated with the identified zones can be used to understand zone-based functions, such as response to early snowmelt or drought, and associated solute exports to the river. We demonstrate this concept using unsupervised clustering methods that synthesizes airborne remote sensing data (LiDAR, hyperspectral, and electromagnetic surveys) along with satellite and streamflow data collected in the East River Watershed, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA. Results show that, (1) hillslope-average elevation and slope are significantly correlated with near-surface bedrock electrical resistivity (top 20 m), (2) elevation and aspect are independent controls on plant and snow signatures, (3) the correlation between hillslope-averaged above- and below- ground properties are significantly higher than pixel-by-pixel correlation and (4) K-means, hierarchical clustering, and Gaussian mixture clustering methods generate similar zonation patterns across the watershed. Using independently collected data, it is shown that the identified zones provide information about zone-based watershed functions, including foresummer drought sensitivity and river nitrogen exports. The approach is expected to be extensible to other sites and generally useful for guiding the selection of hillslope experiment locations and informing model parameterization.
A pilot study of sleep scholar: A single-session, internet-based insomnia intervention for college students with a history of suicide ideation.

OBJECTIVE Establish the feasibility and acceptability of Sleep Scholar, a single-session, self-guided, internet-based insomnia intervention. PARTICIPANTS College students with a lifetime history of suicide ideation and at least subclinical insomnia symptoms. METHODS Participants (N = 38) completed pretreatment sleep diaries, Sleep Scholar, and post-treatment feasibility, acceptability, and clinical measures. RESULTS Approximately 33 students could be recruited per semester, the overall attrition rate was 47%, Sleep Scholar was completed in approximately 30 minutes, and the majority of treatment information was retained. Participants reported positive acceptability and satisfaction, and approximately half of participants adhered to their prescribed time in bed recommendations. Most clinical measures had adequate variability and internal consistency, and post-hoc analyses revealed clinically significant reductions in several mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Sleep Scholar is feasible in college settings, acceptable for college students, and produced reductions in mental health symptoms during an uncontrolled trial. Implications for a randomized-controlled trial are discussed.
Primary care and referring physician perspectives on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management: a nationwide survey.

Introduction:The optimal approach to screening and risk stratification for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is challenging given disease burden and variable progression. The aim of this study was ...
Welcome to #AECT21 in Chicago + Virtual!

It's time for the AECT 2021 International Convention, the first hybrid event in our organization's history! The Palmer staff maintain a constant cleaning routine throughout the hotel, which is also outfitted with hand sanitizer, masks, and wipes in several locations on every floor. Welcome to #AECT21 in Chicago + Virtual!. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
An Advanced Approuch: One Holistic Vision of the Future Energy Systems

The aging energy infrastructure, politically controlled fossil resources, the rise of renewable technologies, the geographical distribution feature of renewable energy, climate change exigencies, the increase in domestic electricity consumption have forced the power industry to examine the status and health of the electrical systems. The advancements in real-time processing and computing power made searching for new approach regarding energy systems possible. Some former solutions are partial, exceeded, or unclear like smart grid, enernet, and microgrid. In our turn, we proposed another view to the energy systems and, at the same time, a holistic vision, and an analogy with the autonomous functioning of the biological cells. In our view, the energy systems must be thought firstly as part of the nature; secondly the system must be conceived as a whole that includes consumers, generators, storage facilities, metering infrastructures, grids and rules; thirdly, to get safety and efficiency it must be modular/cellular and able to do its best as well as part of an ensemble as well as stand alone. To achieve this final require we have made an analogy with the DNA of the biological cell, and the result are the so-called Intelligent Energy Cells/Systems. Because the arrival of carbon-free energy in the future will be done through the massive use of solar energy, the advantages of this intermittent and fluctuating energy are presented, too.
Human-factors issues in dialog design

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the human factors of the engineering-design principles for design of dialog with computers. Measurements of human performance are traditional in human-factor engineering. Typically, an interface or a dialog style will be evaluated in a laboratory setting by bringing in test subjects and having them perform a task on a computer. The chapter highlights that the human-factors design of computer systems has became increasingly important, and manufacturers of computers and software have come to realize that unless their products are easy to use, they will probably not sell. One of the major problems is that the characteristics of the user population vary tremendously. In evaluating different command languages, menu styles, and so forth, subjects participate in formal experiments based on scientific hypotheses or theories, where several design alternatives are evaluated. The chapter gives an overview of the following types of dialog: command language, menu, query language, natural language, and windows. The chapter illustrates that the principles of good command-language design extend to any dialog style where names are used to represent options or actions. It also describes several advantages and disadvantages of command languages and menu systems and describes factors affecting user performance. The chapter also discusses about query language, natural language, and windows, highlighting their advantages disadvantages and user interface issues. The chapter ends with a discussion on principles for design, principles for evaluation and, the need for research.
Cross-Outlier Detection

The problem of outlier detection has been studied in the context of several domains and has received attention from the database research community. To the best of our knowledge, work up to date focuses exclusively on the problem as follows [10]: “given a single set of observations in some space, find those that deviate so as to arouse suspicion that they were generated by a different mechanism.” However, in several domains, we have more than one set of observations (or, equivalently, as single set with class labels assigned to each observation). For example, in astronomical data, labels may involve types of galaxies (e.g., spiral galaxies with abnormal concentration of elliptical galaxies in their neighborhood; in biodiversity data, labels may involve different population types, e.g., patches of different species populations, food types, diseases, etc). A single observation may look normal both within its own class, as well as within the entire set of observations. However, when examined with respect to other classes, it may still arouse suspicions. In this paper we consider the problem “given a set of observations with class labels, find those that arouse suspicions, taking into account the class labels.” This variant has significant practical importance. Many of the existing outlier detection approaches cannot be extended to this case. We present one practical approach for dealing with this problem and demonstrate its performance on real and synthetic datasets.
Abstract W P41: Predicting Future Atrophy from White Matter Connectivity Disruption in Ischemic Stroke

Background: The Network Modification (NeMo) Tool uses a library of brain connectivity maps from normal subjects to quantify the amount of structural connectivity loss caused by focal brain lesions. We hypothesized that the NeMo Tool could predict remote brain tissue loss caused by Wallerian degeneration after stroke. Methods: Baseline and follow-up MRIs from 27 patients with acute ischemic stroke were collected (74±14 years, initial NIHSS 2±3, 5.7±2.8 months b/w scans). Diffusion-weighted image derived lesion masks were superimposed on the NeMo Tool’s connectivity maps in order to predict changes to the structural connectivity network and to investigate correlations with future atrophy. Regional connectivity losses were estimated via the Change in Connectivity (ChaCo) score, i.e. the percent of “injured” tracks going through lesions that connect to a given region. ChaCo scores and longitudinal tissue changes were calculated using a standard 116 region atlas. Results: Lesion location and size varied greatl...
Association between the functional movement screen and injury development in college athletes.

Background As the number of sports participants continues to rise, so does the number of sports injuries. Establishing a valid method of identifying athletes at elevated risk for injury could lead to intervention programs that lower injury rates and improve overall athlete performance. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS)™ is an efficient and reliable method to screen movement patterns during the performance of specific tasks. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between pre-season FMS TM scores and the development of injury in a population of collegiate athletes. Study design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods FMS™ scores were obtained for 160 collegiate athletes and injury development was tracked throughout the season. These athletes were both male and female and participated in contact and non-contact sports. Redundancies were utilized with injury data collection, including medical record reviews and interviews with team athletic trainers, to ensure that all injuries requiring medical attention were captured. At the conclusion of the season, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which combination of factors best predicted injury. Results Athletes with an FMS™ composite score at 14 or below combined with a self-reported past history of injury were at 15 times increased risk of injury. A positive likelihood ratio of 5.8 was calculated which improved the probability of predicting injury from 33% pretest to 74% posttest. Conclusions This study adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating a predictive relationship between FMS™ composite scores and past history of injury with the development of future injury. Level of evidence 3, Non-random prospective cohort design.
Refolding of bacteriorhodopsin in lipid bilayers: A thermodynamically controlled two-stage process

Possible steps in the folding of bacteriorhodopsin are revealed by studying the refolding and interaction of two fragments of the molecule reconstituted in lipid vesicles. 1. (1) Two denatured bacteriorhodopsin fragments have been purified starting from chymotryptically cleaved bacteriorhodopsin. Cleaved bacteriorhodopsin has been renatured from a mixture of the fragments in Halobacterium lipids/retinal/dodecyl sulfate solution following removal of dodecyl sulfate by precipitation with potassium. The renatured molecules have the same absorption spectrum and extinction coefficient as native cleaved bacteriorhodopsin. They are integrated into small lipid vesicles as a mixture of monomers and aggregates. Extended lattices form during the partial dehydration process used to orient samples for X-ray and neutron crystallography. 2. (2) Correct refolding of cleaved bacterioopsin occurs upon renaturation in the absence of retinal. Regeneration of the chromophore and reformation of the purple membrane lattice are observed following subsequent addition of all-trans retinal. 3. (3) The two chymotryptic fragments have been reinserted separately into lipid vesicles and refolded in the absence of retinal. Circular dichroism spectra of the polypeptide backbone transitions indicate that they have regained a highly α-helical structure. The kinetics of chromophore regeneration following reassociation have been studied by absorption spectroscopy. Upon vesicle fusion, the refolded fragments first reassociate, then bind retinal and finally regenerate cleaved bacteriorhodopsin. The complex formed in the absence of retinal is kinetically indistinguishable from cleaved bacterioopsin. The refolded fragments in lipid vesicles are stable for months, both as separate entities and after reassociation. These observations provide further evidence that the native folded structure of bacteriorhodopsin lies at a free energy minimum. They are interpreted in terms of a two-stage folding mechanism for membrane proteins in which stable transmembrane helices are first formed. They subsequently pack without major rearrangement to produce the tertiary structure.
Mass signature of supernova νμ and ντ neutrinos in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Core-collapse supernovae emit of order 10^58 neutrinos and antineutrinos of all flavors over several seconds, with average energies of 10–25 MeV. In the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), which begins operation this year, neutrinos and antineutrinos of all flavors can be detected by reactions which break up the deuteron. For a future Galactic supernova at a distance of 10 kpc, several hundred events will be observed in SNO. The νμ and ντ neutrinos and antineutrinos are of particular interest, as a test of the supernova mechanism. In addition, it is possible to measure or limit their masses by their delay (determined from neutral-current events) relative to the νe neutrinos (determined from charged-current events). Numerical results are presented for such a future supernova as seen in SNO. Under reasonable assumptions, and in the presence of the expected counting statistics, a νμ or ντ mass down to about 30 eV can be simply and robustly determined. If zero delay is measured, then the mass limit is independent of the distance D. At present, this seems to be the best possibility for direct determination of a νμ or ντ mass within the cosmologically interesting range. We also show how to separately study the supernova and neutrino physics, and how changes in the assumed supernova parameters would affect the mass sensitivity.
A bus network designed to support parallel processing

A bus network design is provided that improves communications between operational CPU's by 1-2 orders of magnitude over present distributed system LANs. Bus networking is chosen over point-to-point coupling (cube connected architectures) because 1) reconfiguration for different tasks is not necessary, 2) the system can support heterogeneous nodes and mulitlevel parallelism, and 3) its physical structure supports reliability and evolution more readily.The design provides multiple messages per access by framed virtual circuitry in order to minimize delays and provides backplane-to-backplane data protocols transfers. When software protocol handling is eliminated, communications speeds increase significantly. It also supports local read-“global” write paradigm to effect a shared memory machine. However, extremely flexible buffering scheme allows each node to operate autonomously in both time and data handling. Thus, multilevel, potentially heterogeneous parallelism is available for implementation at the kernel and operating system level. The paper describes the integrated network and node communications interface design and presents expected performance figures.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOYMILK AND TOFU OF FIVE VARIETIES OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY ON‐SITE STORAGE

Five soybean cultivars were harvested and stored on farm storehouses in the North Dakota-Minnesota region for up to 1 year. Sampling interval was 2 months. Soymilk was prepared with a fixed water-to-bean ratio. Soft tofu was made following a small-scale procedure. Tofu yield, color and textural properties were measured. Tofu smoothness and overall score were assessed by a sensory panel. Results showed no significant changes in tofu yield, textural properties and sensory scores throughout 1 year of storage. Tofu brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) decreased, and tofu redness (a*) increased over the storage time, although changes were not always statistically significant (P < 0.05). Soymilk yield and total solids content varied in small ranges over the storage time. Our results indicate that storage of soybeans at ambient temperatures in this geographical region is suitable for preserving the freshness of soybeans stored on the farm facilities over a 1-year period. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Soybeans are subject to storage and transportation before processing. Most reported soybean storage studies have been carried out in the laboratory model systems, in which specific temperature and humidity were controlled, but aeration was limited. In practice, soybeans are subject to storage, in which the changes are from morning to night and from day to day. In this study, soybeans were stored in farm storage warehouses throughout the study period. The results provide new information on how on-site storage in Fargo area affects soymilk and tofu processing.
Effects of Achilles tendon immersion in saline and perfluorochemicals on T2 and T2

Purpose To determine if immersion of Achilles tendon segments into various solutions improved qualitative delineation of tendon and affected quantitative MR values of T2 and T2*. Materials and Methods Six Achilles tendons were dissected, sectioned (proximal, midportion, and distal tensile pieces) and imaged at 3T both at baseline in air and after immersion into saline, Fomblin, and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), respectively, for 24 h. Blinded readers qualitatively assessed the delineation of tendon boundaries and quantitatively Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) T2 and ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* was calculated. Comparison between images obtained in air and in solution was made. Results On qualitative evaluation, all images obtained in air had larger air-tissue susceptibility effects. Mean T2 values of saline, Fomblin, and PFOB groups were 16.1 ± 3.7, 16.6 ± 2.9, and 18.8 ± 2.6 ms at baseline in air, and 14.8 ± 4.6, 15.9 ± 3.0, and 17.7 ± 3.0 ms after immersion in the fluid, respectively. Mean T2* values of saline, Fomblin, and PFOB groups were 2.0 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.5, and 1.5 ± 0.5 ms at baseline in air, and 2.1 ± 0.5, 1.6 ± 0.5, and 1.4 ± 0.5 ms after immersion in the fluid, respectively. There was no significant effect of immersion or fluid type on measured T2 or T2* (P > 0.1). Conclusion These results validate the continued use of these solutions to prevent tendon specimen dehydration and to minimize susceptibility effects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:496–500. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal age and traits in offspring.

The timing of a mouse's first litter influences the development of her pups. We have investigated the effect of the age at first pregnancy in mice on maternal steroid hormone levels and how these influence the growth and sexual maturation of their pups. We find that early-adolescent and middle-aged pregnant mice have less serum oestradiol and a different pattern of serum testosterone compared with young-adult pregnant mice. Grown offspring of early-adolescent and middle-aged mothers have lower body weight and delayed puberty, and males have smaller reproductive organs than those produced by young adults. Female offspring themselves produce pups whose birthweight depends on the age at pregnancy of their grandmothers. Changes in a female's physiology during ageing can thus alter the growth and reproductive traits not only of her own offspring but also of subsequent generations.
Four patterns of teacher content decision‐making

(1987). Four patterns of teacher content decision‐making. Journal of Curriculum Studies: Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 439-455.
THERMAL STABILITY OF BLACK CARROT ANTHOCYANINS IN BLOND ORANGE JUICE

Blond orange juice was colored with black carrot concentrate as an alternative to blood orange juice. Thermal stability of anthocyanins from black carrots in orange juice was determined at 70, 80 and 90C. Anthocyanin degradation in colored blond orange juice followed to first-order reaction kinetics. As expected, the degradation rate was dependent on temperature, being faster at higher temperatures. Half-lives for anthocyanin degradation were 12. 5, 6.3 and 3.1 h at 70, 80 and 90C, respectively. Between 70-90C, activation energy was 72.03 kJ mol -1 . Results showed that coloring blond orange juice with black carrot concentrate resulted in a much more stable product as compared with blood orange juice.
Changes in expression of the 44-kilodalton outer surface membrane antigen (p44 kD) for monitoring progression of infection and antimicrobial susceptibility of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent in HL-60 cells.

Abstract Changes in human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE)-specific major outer membrane protein (p44 kD) were assayed by Western blot analysis in HL-60 cells in vitro infected by the HGE agent. Time course study demonstrated that the expression of p44 preceded the rise in cell infection as determined by the presence of intracellular morulae. To test whether the expression of p44 may be suitable for evaluating the effects of antibiotics in vitro, three recent isolates of the HGE agent were exposed to doxycycline and ampicillin during culture with HL-60 cells. Loss of infection concurrent with disappearance of the 44 kD protein was found with doxycycline treatment. In contrast, ampicillin treatment had no discernible effects on infection or 44 kD expression. There was excellent agreement between infection, as measured by morulae, and 44 kD expression (coefficient of correlation r = 0.97, p t 1/2 of ∼24-30 h, which was considerably shorter than a t 1/2 of >60 h calculated for loss of morulae. Measurement of p44 expression may be a more rapid and simple assay to determine antibiotic susceptibility of the HGE agent in cell culture. Furthermore, it may be used to indicate the presence of infection before morulae are apparent.
Education: Implementing the ‘GPEP report’

In the April, 1985 issue of Bio Essays, F. Vella presented an evaluation of the recent GPEP report, concerning medical school education in the United States. Here, Hilliard Jason and Jane Westberg present an additional discussion of the issues.
Marinobacter strain NCE312 has a Pseudomonas-like naphthalene dioxygenase

One strain of bacteria, designated NCE312, was isolated from a naphthalene-digesting chemostat culture that was inoculated with creosote-contaminated marine sediment. The strain was isolated based on its ability to grow using naphthalene as a sole carbon source. In addition, the strain degraded 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene. Analysis of a 16S rRNA gene sequence from NCE312 placed the isolate in the genus Marinobacter. Degenerate PCR primers were used to amplify a fragment of a naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase large subunit gene. A phylogenetic analysis indicated the Marinobacter naphthalene dioxygenase is similar to those from Pseudomonas and Burkholderia strains suggesting that the dioxygenase gene may have been transferred horizontally between these lineages of bacteria.
On the Uniqueness of Solutions for the Identification of Linear Structural Systems

This work tackles the problem of global identifiability of an undamped, shear-type, N degrees of freedom linear structural system under forced excitation without any prior knowledge of its mass or stiffness distributions. Three actuator/sensor schemes are presented, which guarantee the existence of only one solution for the mass and stiffness identification problem while requiring a minimum amount of instrumentation (only I actuator and 1 or 2 sensors). Through a counterexample for a 3DOF system it is also shown that fewer measurements than those suggested result invariably in non-unique solutions.