cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Task- and Treatment Length–Dependent Effects of Vortioxetine on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Hippocampal Extracellular Acetylcholine in Rats

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that often features impairments in cognitive function, and these cognitive symptoms can be important determinants of functional ability. Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant that may improve some aspects of cognitive function in patients with MDD, including attention, processing speed, executive function, and memory. However, the cause of these effects is unclear, and there are several competing theories on the underlying mechanism, notably including regionally-selective downstream enhancement of glutamate neurotransmission and increased acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmission. The current work sought to evaluate the ACh hypothesis by examining vortioxetine’s ability to reverse scopolamine-induced impairments in rodent tests of memory and attention. Additionally, vortioxetine’s effects on hippocampal extracellular ACh levels were examined alongside studies of vortioxetine’s pharmacokinetic profile. We found that acute vortioxetine reversed scopolamine-induced impairments in social and object recognition memory, but did not alter scopolamine-induced impairments in attention. Acute vortioxetine also induced a modest and short-lived increase in hippocampal ACh levels. However, this short-term effect is at variance with vortioxetine’s moderately long brain half life (5.1 hours). Interestingly, subchronic vortioxetine treatment failed to reverse scopolamine-induced social recognition memory deficits and had no effects on basal hippocampal ACh levels. These data suggest that vortioxetine has some effects on memory that could be mediated through cholinergic neurotransmission, however these effects are modest and only seen under acute dosing conditions. These limitations may argue against cholinergic mechanisms being the primary mediator of vortioxetine′s cognitive effects, which are observed under chronic dosing conditions in patients with MDD.
The Historians as a Group

Byzantine historiography was remarkably resilient. Middle Byzantine historians appeared at a rate of about one every eleven years, while early Byzantine historians had appeared at a rate of about one every eight years.1 That Byzantine historians were almost as common in the middle period as in the early period is somewhat surprising, because by the seventh century the group that had produced most of the earlier historians had ceased to exist. Most early Byzantine historians came from the class of provincial city councilors called de curions, even if most decurions who became historians moved to Constantinople and became lawyers or civil servants. Yet the class of decurions was already in serious decline by the sixth century, when they felt so burdened by their responsibilities for collecting taxes that many sought to escape their duties by any feasible means. In the early seventh century the decurions vanished as a class, along with the empire’s whole system of civic government. The disappearance of the class that had largely written history was followed, not surprisingly, by a lapse in historiography. Although Byzantium still had prosperous provincial landowners in the middle period, they seem not to have been much interested in education or literature or in moving 1 For the middle historians see the table on pp. 490–92 below, and for the early historians see the similar table in Treadgold, Early Byzantine Historians, pp. 382–84; but to the forty early historians listed in the latter table, I would now add five more authors of mostly lost histories whom I previously overlooked: Eusebius of Emesa and Euzoius of Antioch in the fourth century (see above, p. 69 and n. 123), Irenaeus of Tyre in the fifth century (see Millar, Greek Roman Empire, pp. 160, 168–81, and 219–21), Andronicus (of Alexandria?) in the sixth century (see above, p. 69 and n. 122), and the continuer of John of Antioch c. 645.
Learning Minimum Volume Sets with Support Vector Machines

Given a probability law P on d-dimensional Euclidean space, the minimum volume set (MV-set) with mass beta, 0 < beta < 1, is the set with smallest volume enclosing a probability mass of at least beta. We examine the use of support vector machines (SVMs) for estimating an MV-set from a collection of data points drawn from P, a problem with applications in clustering and anomaly detection. We investigate both one-class and two-class methods. The two-class approach reduces the problem to Neyman-Pearson (NP) classification, where we artificially generate a second class of data points according to a uniform distribution. The simple approach to generating the uniform data suffers from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper we (1) describe the reduction of MV-set estimation to NP classification, (2) devise improved methods for generating artificial uniform data for the two-class approach, (3) advocate a new performance measure for systematic comparison of MV-set algorithms, and (4) establish a set of benchmark experiments to serve as a point of reference for future MV-set algorithms. We find that, in general, the two-class method performs more reliably.
Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase and Lipoprotein Lipase Action in Vitro and in Vivo

Hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are two evolutionarily related enzymes that play key roles in lipoprotein metabolism. Hepatic triglyceride lipase appears to be involved in the hydrolysis of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) triglyceride to produce low density lipoprotein (LDL), and that of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-2 triglyceride and phospholipid to produce HDL-3 [1,2]. It may also be required for the uptake of HDL triglyceride and cholesteryl esters by the liver [3–5]. Lipoprotein lipase is essential for the metabolism of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, chylomicron and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The LPL-mediated hydrolysis of these lipoproteins produces chylomicron remnants and IDL, respectively, releasing necessary components for the production of HDL-2. Thus, both enzymes are involved in HDL metabolism, and HL activity is inversely, whereas LDL activity is directly correlated with plasma HDL levels [6].
Distribution Load Capability With Nodal Power Factor Constraints

Unity power factor (PF) injections through distributed grid-tie inverters reduce net real power demand at distribution substations. This reduces line utilization, but can also result in undesirable PFs within the system. PF constraints, therefore, may limit injection or “load” capability (LC) in circuits with growing distributed resource penetration. Therefore, this work presents a PF-based estimator of LC for distribution systems, which can be appended to existing LC formulations without additional inputs. A solution algorithm is provided, and simulation results are presented for an actual 2556-node distribution system. An increase in distributed photovoltaic injections resulted in reduction of overall system LC due to substation PF constraints. Finally, series acceleration is investigated for LC problems; in the tested cases, the acceleration technique reduced the number of iterations for a current-based LC estimator by an average of 85%.
Benzodiazepine-423, an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Respiration, Causes Selective Apoptosis of Activated Lymphocytes and Reverses Experimental GVHD While Preserving GVL Effects.

Benzodiazepine (Bz)-423 is a benzodiazepine derivative that targets activated lymphocytes through the mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase, causing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis without affecting resting lymphocytes. We tested Bz-423 in a non-irradiated B6-Ly5.2 → B6D2F1 model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) where donor cells were labeled with CFSE to discriminate 3 days after injection between activated (CFSElo) and unactivated (CFSEhi) Ly5.2+ donor or host Ly5.1+ lymphocytes. Compared to controls, Bz-423 caused loss of mitochondrial membrane polarization within 6h of delivery as measured by 3,3’-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) staining in both activated donor CD4+ (12.6% vs 3.3%, p=0.002) and activated CD8+ (12.9% vs 3.0%, p
Children’s Gender-Typed Toy Interests: Does Propulsion Matter?

Children’s toy play is at the foundation of child development. However, gender differentiation in early play experiences may result in gender differences in cognitive abilities, social interactions, and vocational choices. We investigated gender-typing of toys and toys’ propulsive properties (e.g., wheels, forward motion) as possible factors impacting children’s toy interests, perceptions of other children’s interests, and children’s actual toy choices during free play. In Studies 1 and 2, 82 preschool children (42 boys, 40 girls; mean age = 4.90 years) were asked to report their interest and perceptions of other children’s interests in toys. In Study 1, masculine, feminine, and neutral toys with and without propulsive properties were presented. Children reported greater interest in gender-typed toys and neutral toys compared to cross-gender-typed toys. In Study 2, unfamiliar, neutral toys with and without propulsive properties were presented. Propulsive properties did not affect children’s interest across both studies. Study 3 was an observational study that assessed toy preferences among 42 preschool children (21 males, 21 females, mean age = 4.49 years) during a play session with masculine, feminine, and neutral toys with and without propulsive properties. Gender-typed toy preferences were less apparent than expected, with children showing high interest in neutral toys, and girls playing with a wide variety of masculine, feminine, and neutral toys. Gender differences in interest for toys with propulsion properties were not evident. Overall, gender differences in children’s interest in toys as a function of propulsion properties were not found in the three experiments within this study.
Changes in aquatic vegetation and floodplain land cover in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers (1989-2000-2010).

Quantifying changes in the cover of river-floodplain systems can provide important insights into the processes that structure these landscapes as well as the potential consequences to the ecosystem services they provide. We examined net changes in 13 different aquatic and floodplain land cover classes using photo interpreted maps of the navigable portions of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR, above the confluence with the Ohio River) and Illinois River from 1989 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010. We detected net decreases in vegetated aquatic area in nearly all river reaches from 1989 to 2000. The only river reaches that experienced a subsequent recovery of vegetated aquatic area from 2000 to 2010 were located in the northern portion of the UMR (above navigation pool 14) and two reaches in the Illinois River. Changes on the floodplain were dominated by urban development, which increased in nearly every river reach studied from 1989 to 2000. Agricultural lands declined in most river reaches from 2000 to 2010. The loss of agricultural land cover in the northern UMR was accompanied by increases in forest cover, whereas in the lower UMR and Illinois River, declines in agriculture were accompanied by increases in forest and shallow marsh communities. The changes in aquatic vegetation occupied between 5 and 20% of the total aquatic area and are likely associated with previously reported regional improvements in water clarity, while smaller (1–15% of the total floodplain area) changes in anthropogenic land cover types on the floodplain are likely driven by broad-scale socio-economic conditions.
Symptom variability following acute exercise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a perspective on measuring post-exertion malaise

ABSTRACTBackground: Consensus for an operational definition of post-exertion malaise (PEM) and which symptoms best characterize PEM has not been established and may be due to variability within and between studies.Purpose: Determine the magnitude of the effect of maximal and submaximal physical exertion on multiple myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) symptoms that are associated with PEM and explore variability among two studies in which mood, fatigue, and pain symptoms were measured before and after exercise.Methods: Symptoms were measured before, and 48 and 72 hours after exercise in study 1 (ME/CFS = 13; Controls = 11) and before and 24 hours after exercise in study 2 (ME/CFS = 15, Controls = 15). Between-study variability was examined by comparing Hedges d effect sizes (95% CI) from studies 1 and 2. Within-patient group variability was examined via inspection of dot density plots.Results: In study 1, large increases in general fatigue (Δ = 1.05), reduced motivation (Δ = 0.93), ...
The Influence of Paul's View of Women on the Acts of Paul and Thecla

This paper examines the influence of Paul's letters on the Acts of Paul and Thecla , especially in terms of the portrayal of women. 1 Paul's views concerning women's status in relation to their male counterparts, including his restrictions against women teaching and preaching in the early church, strongly influenced later Christian apocryphal works, such as the late second century apocryphal text known as the Acts of Paul and Thecla . 2 This text focuses on Thecla's insistence on remaining celibate and her desire to be baptized by Paul. This paper will analyze specific passages in Paul's letters that may have influenced this apocryphal story. The paper concludes by tracing the rise of the cult of St. Thecla that flourished during the early part of the Middle Ages, subsequently encouraging many virgin women to become martyrs.
Multi-task cox proportional hazard model for predicting risk of unplanned hospital readmission

Unplanned hospital readmissions are a tremendous challenge faced by medical providers in the United States: In 2015, 17.8% of Medicare and Medicaid patients returned to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. An unplanned readmission marks a setback in a patient's recovery and burdens hospitals financially—the estimated national cost of caring for readmitted patients is $15 billion annually. Financial penalties from the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services intensify these costs, penalizing hospitals with high rates relative to the national average. At the University of Virginia Medical Center, the Medicare & Medicaid risk-adjusted readmission rate of 16.8% is higher than the national average of 15.2%. This higher than average rate leads to penalties, which are estimated at $764,000 for the 2017 fiscal year. The UVA Medical Center prioritizes reducing their readmission rate and has invested time and resources towards modeling readmission risks for their patients. Our research aims to improve the accuracy of risk projections at the Medical Center by exploring alternatives to current models. We developed a Cox proportional hazard model that takes in a set of covariates as input and predicts a patient's risk of readmission. The model had a concordance index of 0.70 resulting from 10-fold cross validation after applying the model to a test set. The Cox proportional hazard model was expanded using multi-task learning, a novel approach for survival analysis that is commonly used in classification. The new multi-task Cox proportional hazard model resulted in a concordance index of 0.52. Accurately predicting a patient's readmission risk will assist the UVA Medical Center in targeting high-risk patients during outpatient and follow-up care. Medical providers will be able to utilize the modeling output to better understand factors that influence the risk of readmission.
Nicholas of Cusa’s Brixen Sermons and Late Medieval Church Reform. By Richard J. Serina, Jr. Pp. 257. Studies in the History of Christian Traditions, 182. Leiden: Brill, 2016. ISBN 978-90-04-32172-4

Nicholas of Cusa (1401–64) left us 297 sermons. When the Heidelberg Academy’s critical edition of these sermons was completed in 2005, it opened new ways of seeing Cusanus, his theology, and his ca...
Single molecule force spectroscopy at high data acquisition: A Bayesian nonparametric analysis

Bayesian nonparametrics (BNPs) are poised to have a deep impact in the analysis of single molecule data as they provide posterior probabilities over entire models consistent with the supplied data, not just model parameters of one preferred model. Thus they provide an elegant and rigorous solution to the difficult problem encountered when selecting an appropriate candidate model. Nevertheless, BNPs' flexibility to learn models and their associated parameters from experimental data is a double-edged sword. Most importantly, BNPs are prone to increasing the complexity of the estimated models due to artifactual features present in time traces. Thus, because of experimental challenges unique to single molecule methods, naive application of available BNP tools is not possible. Here we consider traces with time correlations and, as a specific example, we deal with force spectroscopy traces collected at high acquisition rates. While high acquisition rates are required in order to capture dwells in short-lived molecular states, in this setup, a slow response of the optical trap instrumentation (i.e., trapped beads, ambient fluid, and tethering handles) distorts the molecular signals introducing time correlations into the data that may be misinterpreted as true states by naive BNPs. Our adaptation of BNP tools explicitly takes into consideration these response dynamics, in addition to drift and noise, and makes unsupervised time series analysis of correlated single molecule force spectroscopy measurements possible, even at acquisition rates similar to or below the trap's response times.
Haine et misanthropie dans Timon d’Athènes, de Shakespeare

Resume Objectifs Etudier la misanthropie pathologique dans son rapport a la haine. Methode Historique du concept de misanthropie. Appui sur le Timon d’Athenes de Shakespeare (1608). Nous verrons en effet en premier lieu comment la misanthropie fut abordee et apprehendee au cours de l’histoire de la psychiatrie. Puis, nous nous interesserons a la piece de Shakespeare, dont le personnage central incarne le paradigme de la misanthropie, avec ce point interessant : Timon est passe de la philanthropie a la misanthropie la plus absolue. Resultats La haine, comme la misanthropie, sont trans-structurales, et prennent des formes et une intensite variables selon les sujets, selon la structure a laquelle ils appartiennent. Elles peuvent sans aucun doute relever de la pathologie, se rencontrer dans certaines formes de psychoses, dans la paranoia notamment. Nous verrons quelles furent les conditions qui firent passer Timon de la philanthropie a la misanthropie, et de quelle maniere la philanthropie, la prodigalite excessive, lui eviterent pendant longtemps de sombrer dans la folie. Nous verrons donc l’utilite, la fonction de sa philanthropie, et la solution misanthrope qui lui fit hair l’espece humaine, la rejeter radicalement, pour finir par mourir dans la solitude. Discussion Nous nous attacherons ainsi a discuter notamment la misanthropie dans son rapport au lien social, puisqu’elle est rejet, haine, et rupture du lien a l’autre, dans son rapport a la paranoia, et dans son rapport aux semblants, puisque le misanthrope se voue a les denoncer. Conclusion Timon d’Athenes, de Shakespeare, nous invite a mettre en regard la question de la misanthropie pathologique dans ses rapports a la haine. Elle nous invite plus specialement a interroger la haine paranoiaque, le basculement de la philanthropie en misanthropie, la fonction preventive de la philanthropie initiale, le vacillement des semblants au moment du declenchement d’une psychose.
Regional oxygen extraction predicts border zone vulnerability to stroke in sickle cell disease

Objective To determine mechanisms underlying regional vulnerability to infarction in sickle cell disease (SCD) by measuring voxel-wise cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen utilization (CMRO 2 ) in children with SCD. Methods Participants underwent brain MRIs to measure voxel-based CBF, OEF, and CMRO 2 . An infarct heat map was created from an independent pediatric SCD cohort with silent infarcts and compared to prospectively obtained OEF maps. Results Fifty-six participants, 36 children with SCD and 20 controls, completed the study evaluation. Whole-brain CBF (99.2 vs 66.3 mL/100 g/min, p p 2 (3.7 vs 2.5 mL/100 g/min, p 2 in this region, which encompassed the CBF nadir, was low relative to all white matter ( p Conclusions Elevated OEF in the deep white matter identifies a signature of metabolically stressed brain tissue at increased stroke risk in pediatric patients with SCD. We propose that border zone physiology, exacerbated by chronic anemic hypoxia, explains the high risk in this region.
Daughters of Breast Cancer Patients

One could fairly ask, does a chapter on daughters of breast cancer have a rightful place in a book on multigenerational legacies of trauma—especially given that most of the chapters of this volume deal with the psychosocial sequelae of war, repressive governments, and urban violence? After some soul searching, we decided that the chapter deservedly belongs in the book. The protagonists of this chapter, daughters who are often also sisters, nieces, and granddaughters (or all of the above) of breast cancer patients, bear a genetic legacy of trauma, past visions of suffering, and fears from the past carried forth into the future. Their traumas, fears, and psychic scars do not come from a political regime, but rather from the possible mutation of a gene. This gene, now identified as BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 (for Breast Cancer 1, or Breast Cancer 2) has been localized on the short arm (small part) of chromosome 17 (Futureal et al., 1994). Given this now-identified reality, these women must learn to live with several conflicts. On the one hand, the “perpetrator(s)” of their suffering (who has passed the increased risk and vulnerability for breast cancer on to them) is the same person (or often persons) with whom they empathize, or for whom they mourn and grieve. On the other hand, they have a vulnerability for which there is no definitive medical treatment at present. Thus, they must learn to cope with and adapt to a threat that has been termed the “Damocles Syndrome” (Koocher & O’Malley, 1981). The nature of these daughter’s trauma differs from that of victims of political oppression in two distinct ways that greatly complicate their adjustment. First, their aggressor is internal, invisible, and, until fairly recently, mysterious and unknowable. This contrasts with victims of political repression in which the persecutor is external and distinct. Second, although for the victims/survivors of political persecution the trauma reverberates psychologically, the distinct physical threat generally ends. The Holocaust ended, as did World War II and Stalinist Russia. For the survivors of their mother’s breast cancer, the physical threat will never end, the potential aggressor will never go away, die, be overthrown, or even be reduced in power or potential risk. In fact, the risk increases with age.
Congregate Meals: Opportunities to Help Vulnerable Older Adults Achieve Diet and Physical Activity Recommendations.

Background Through diet and exercise interventions, community centers offer an opportunity to address health-related issues for some of the oldest, most vulnerable members of our society. Objectives The purpose of this investigation is to draw upon nationwide data to better characterize the population served by the congregate meals program and to gather more detailed information on a local level to identify opportunities for service enhancement to improve the health and well-being of older adults. Design We examined community center data from two sources: 2015 National Survey of Older Americans Act and surveys from two New York City community centers. To assess nationwide service delivery, we analyzed participant demographics, functional status defined by activities of daily living, and perceptions of services received. Measurements Participants from the two New York City community centers completed a four-day food record. Functional measures included the short physical performance battery, self-reported physical function, grip strength, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results Nationwide (n=901), most participants rated the meal quality as good to excellent (91.7%), and would recommend the congregate meals program to a friend (96.0%). Local level data (n=22) were collected for an in-depth understanding of diet, physical activity patterns, body weight, and objective functional status measures. Diets of this small, local convenience sample were higher in fat, cholesterol, and sodium, and lower in calcium, magnesium, and fiber than recommended by current United States Dietary Guidelines. Average time engaged in moderate physical activity was 254 minutes per week (SD=227), exceeding the recommended 150 minutes per week, but just 41% (n=9) and 50% (n=11) of participants engaged in strength or balance exercises, respectively. Conclusion Research is warranted to test whether improvements in the nutritional quality of food served and access/supports for engaging in strength training within community centers could help older adults achieve diet and physical activity recommendations.
Weak Z-Property of the Absolute Order on Groups Generated by Sets Closed Under Taking Inverses

The Bruhat order is a well-studied partial order on Coxeter groups and Schubert varieties. Deodhar provided several characterizations of the Bruhat order, including the so-called “Z-property.” Another partial order on Coxeter groups that is relevant in combinatorics is the absolute order, which extends the notion of the classical noncrossing partitions to Coxeter groups. In this note, we prove a result that implies that the absolute order satisfies a weaker version of the Z-property.
Causes and Patterns of Dementia: An Update in the Era of Redefining Alzheimer's Disease.

The burden of dementia continues to increase as the population ages, with no disease-modifying treatments available. However, dementia risk appears to be decreasing, and progress has been made in u...
Experimental investigation of the hygrothermal creep strain of wood–plastic composite lumber made from thermally modified wood:

The hygrothermal effect on the short-term creep behavior of extruded thermally modified wood fiber–high-strength styrenic copolymer plastic composites (wood–plastic composites (WPCs)) was investiga...
Invertebrate introductions in marine habitats: two species of hydromedusae (Cnidaria) native to the Black Sea, Maeotias inexspectata and Blackfordia virginica, invade San Francisco Bay

The hydrozoans Maeotias inexspectata Ostroumoff, 1896 and Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910, believed to be native to the Black Sea (i.e. Sarmatic) and resident in a variety of estuarine habitats worldwide, were found as introduced species in the Petaluma River and Napa River, California, in 1992 and 1993. These rivers are mostly-estuarine tributaries that flow into north San Francisco Bay. Both species appeared to be well-established in this brackishwater habitat. Salinities at the collection sites were about 11‰ during the summer, rising to nearly 20‰ in the early autumn and falling to near 0‰ in the winter. Large numbers of all sizes of both species of medusae were observed and collected, indicating that the hydroid stages of the life cycles of the two are also well-established in these rivers. In the Petaluma River, populations of both species were at maximum in late July, with numbers of individuals declining through August and into September; the Napa River was sampled only in October, and at that time only B. virginica was found. Examination of full guts of M. inexspectata and B. virginica medusae revealed that both species had fed nearly exclusively on small crustaceans, principally barnacle nauplii, copepods and their eggs and nauplii, and crab zoea larvae (M. inexspectata only). All the M. inexspectata medusae were males, indicating that the population has probably developed from the introduction of perhaps only a single male polyp or polyp bud. In spite of its inability to reproduce sexually, this population appears to be maintained by the prodigious ability of the polyp to bud and reproduce asexually, and is fully capable of invading additional low-salinity habitats from its present Petaluma River site. Male and female B. virginica medusae were collected in both the Petaluma River and the Napa River, indicating that B. virginica may have been introduced by either the polyp or medusa stage (or both), but that multiple individuals (of both sexes) must have arrived from another port in one or more invasions. As indicated for M. inexspectata, the B. virginica population will also probably seed new populations in San Francisco Bay and elsewhere. Based on its cnidome as well as the morphology of both medusa and polyp, M. inexspectata has been reclassified by moving it from the family Olindiidae, Limnomedusae, to the family Moerisiidae, Anthomedusae.
Scaling growth rates for perovskite oxide virtual substrates on silicon.

The availability of native substrates is a cornerstone in the development of microelectronic technologies relying on epitaxial films. If native substrates are not available, virtual substrates - crystalline buffer layers epitaxially grown on a structurally dissimilar substrate - offer a solution. Realizing commercially viable virtual substrates requires the growth of high-quality films at high growth rates for large-scale production. We report the stoichiometric growth of SrTiO3 exceeding 600 nm hr−1. This tenfold increase in growth rate compared to SrTiO3 grown on silicon by conventional methods is enabled by a self-regulated growth window accessible in hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. Overcoming the materials integration challenge for complex oxides on silicon using virtual substrates opens a path to develop new electronic devices in the More than Moore era and silicon integrated quantum computation hardware. A scalable method for the growth of perovskite oxides thin films on silicon is desirable for integration of buffer layers in devices. Here the authors demonstrate the stoichiometric growth of thin SrTiO3 layers on silicon at high growth rates by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy.
Modernizing Public Nuisance: Solving the Paradox of the Special Injury Rule

Introduction 757 I. Public Nuisance and the Special Injury Rule: Three Illustrations of the Paradox 765 A. The Doctrinal Landscape: Public Nuisance and the Special Injury Rule 765 1. A Brief History of Nuisance Law 767 2. Unique Aspects of the Three Types of Nuisance Actions 771 3. The Uniqueness of the Public Nuisance Cause of Action 774 B. The High Barrier Posed by the Special Injury Rule: Three Illustrations 776 1. The Exxon-Valdez Oil Spill: Differential Treatment of Recreational, Cultural, and Commercial Fishing Claims 776 2. Public Beach Access: Contrasting Results in Florida and Hawai’i 781 3. Community Welfare: Economic Losses and Threats to the Social Fabric 786 II. Examining the “Ancient” Special Injury Rule: The Twisted History of the Different-in-Kind and Differentin-Degree Tests 790
Moving beyond Mandates: Organizational Learning Culture, Empowerment, and Performance

Cultural aspects of organizations have been perceived as keys to creating desirable organizational performance in pursuit of an effective government. Particularly, organizational learning culture m...
Investment-specific productivity and the role of imported equipment in Latin America

We measure the contribution of imported equipment to labour productivity growth in 12 Latin American countries between 1970 and 2016, accounting for investment-specific technological change embodie...
Should the Presence of Spondylodiscitis Alter the Surgical Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic Ventral Cervical Epidural Abscesses? An Institutional Analysiss.

Background Spinal epidural abscess is a rare pathology with an incidence that has tripled in the past 2 decades. Ventral cervical epidural abscesses (vCEA) of the cervical spine pose particular treatment challenges because of the anatomical location. The aim of this report is to identify trends in the surgical management of these patients and to determine whether concomitant spondylodiscitis warrants fusion at the index surgery. Methods Patients presenting to a quaternary care institution from January 2009 to December 2018 with isolated vCEA were identified. Patients were excluded if they had dorsal or circumferential epidural abscesses. Clinical and radiographic data were collected. Patients with vCEA were stratified by the presence or absence of spondylodiscitis upon presentation. Clinical outcomes analyzed included neurological sequelae and the need for revision surgery. Results During the 10-year study period, 36 patients presented with symptomatic isolated vCEA and constituted the study cohort; 16 (44%) had concurrent spondylodiscitis. All 36 patients underwent surgical decompression; the initial surgical approach was anterior-only for 7 patients (19%), posterior-only for 27 patients (75%), and and a combined approach for 2 patients (6%). Four patients from the total cohort (11%) ultimately required a revision operation; all 4 were from the subset with concurrent spondylodiscitis (25% vs. 0%, P = 0.03). Conclusions vCEA can be evacuated safely and effectively by a variety of strategies in patients with neurologic deficits. Concomitant spondylodiscitis with cervical epidural abscess may warrant instrumented fusion as part of the initial surgical strategy.
Views of primary care physicians and rheumatologists regarding screening and treatment of hyperlipidemia among patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Despite high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, screening and treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is suboptimal. We asked primary care physicians (PCPs) and rheumatologists to identify barriers to screening and treatment for hyperlipidemia among patients with RA. We recruited rheumatologists and PCPs nationally to participate in separate moderated structured group teleconference discussions using the nominal group technique. Participants in each group generated lists of barriers to screening and treatment for hyperlipidemia in patients with RA, then each selected the three most important barriers from this list. The resulting barriers were organized into physician-, patient- and system-level barriers, informed by the socioecological framework. Twenty-seven rheumatologists participated in a total of 3 groups (group size ranged from 7 to 11) and twenty PCPs participated in a total of 3 groups (group size ranged from 4 to 9). Rheumatologists prioritized physician level barriers (e.g. ‘ownership’ of hyperlipidemia screening and treatment), whereas PCPs prioritized patient-level barriers (e.g. complexity of RA and its treatments). Rheumatologists were conflicted about whether treatment of CVD risk among patients with RA should fall within the role of the rheumatologist or the PCP. All participating PCPs agreed that CVD risk reduction was within their role. Factors that influenced PCPs’ decisions for screening and treatment for CVD risk in patients with RA were mainly related to their concern about how treatment for CVD risk could influence RA symptomatology (myalgia from statins) or how inflammation from RA and RA medications influences lipid profiles.
Use of Cognitive Interviews to Test the Validity of a Reading Motivation Instrument for English Learners

This cognitive interview study aims to improve the content validity of a newly developed reading motivation instrument for English learners. Previous research has shown there is a significant need ...
Impact of Covid-19 on Stroke Code Activations, Process Metrics, and Diagnostic Error

Background and Purpose:In a comprehensive stroke center, we analyzed the stroke code activations (SCA), assessed the impact of Covid-19, and the measures taken by the local government to lessen the...
Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Use After Open Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with postoperative opioid use after open treatment of distal radius fractures.MethodsThe Humana insurance claims database wa...
Foreword: The October 2018 Term: Leaving Things Undecided—and Non-Partisan—For Now

The October 2018 Term of the Supreme Court of the United States was not one for the history books, and that was likely, at least in part, by design. The Court appeared self-consciously to avoid taking cases that would have further propelled it into the national spotlight soon after the uncommonly divisive confirmation hearings of Justice Brett Kavanaugh. During those hearings, Justice Kavanaugh was perceived by many to have behaved like a political partisan in response to explosive sexual assault allegations dating back to high school that Dr. Christine Blasey Ford made against him. The hearings likely raised concerns among at least some of the justices—especially Chief Justice John Roberts—about preserving the Court’s reputation as not just another partisan institution. The Term also featured a public disagreement between Chief Justice Roberts and President Donald Trump over whether there were “Obama judges or Trump judges, Bush judges or Clinton judges” in the federal judiciary. One way to adjudicate that disagreement, at least as far as the last Term is concerned, is to look at how the cases fractured the Court: How often, and in which cases (some are more important than others), were the five Republican appointees on one side and the four Democratic appointees on the other? A second way to evaluate the disagreement between the chief justice and the president is to examine the relationship of the newly reconstituted Court to precedent: Are the five Republican appointees throwing caution to the wind and overruling numerous significant precedents over the objections of the four Democratic appointees? A third way is to analyze the Court’s reaction to pretextual justifications for prominent actions taken by the Trump administration, a situation especially likely to divide “Obama judges and Trump judges” if the president’s claim is correct: Did the five Republican appointees side with the president’s position in the Census case, Department of Commerce v. New York, and did the four Democratic appointees reject that position? I take on those questions in this Foreword to the third edition of the Supreme Court Review Journal of the American Constitution Society. Overall, I conclude that the past Term rebutted the president’s claim more than it validated it. I also conclude, however, that one term does not a reputation make, especially when the term is a transitional one—which the October 2018 Term likely was. The big question in the years ahead will be what the Court is transitioning to.
Baseline modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

e16546Background: The IMDC and MSKCC risk models for mRCC were validated before the era of ICI. The mGPS incorporates albumin and C-reactive protein and reflects systemic inflammation. mGPS may be ...
Chapter VI Finitely Generated Subgroups of Gl2

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the finitely generated theorem of subgroups of GL 2 . This theorem is proved in Bass. The condition on unipotents was suggested by Shalen. The essential elements of the proof are taken from Serre's course. They are a structure theorem for groups acting on trees, the arboreal presentation theorem, and exhibition of a natural tree on which GL 2 , acts over a local field. The GL 2 -subgroup theorem was proved to establish the conjecture of Shalen. Shalen persistently solicited this proof and suggested that arboreal methods should yield it. The chapter describes arboreal presentation.
Kathleen Mears Memorial Lecture: An Update on Patient Safety Issues in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit

ABSTRACT.Patients with epilepsy are at increased risk for injury by the very nature of their disorder. In everyday activities they are at a higher risk than people without epilepsy. When patients are admitted to epilepsy monitoring units or to EEG facilities, the purpose is to gather information regarding their seizures and their seizure disorder and often times seizure provocation techniques are utilized to encourage seizures putting the patients at increased risk for injury. To address patient safety, the unit first must develop a “safe culture.” A review of general information regarding the culture of safety and the risk that patients with epilepsy face when being monitored will be presented followed by a discussion of the American Epilepsy Society (AES) recommendations for patient management during monitoring. Currently AES is developing an interactive educational program to address patient safety issues and examples of this program will be shown.
What’s in a word? : Rethinking facet headings in a discovery service

The emergence of Discovery systems has been well received by libraries who have long been concerned with offering a smorgasbord of databases that require either individual searching of databases or the problematic use of federated searching. The ability to search across a wide array of subscribed and open-access information resources via a centralized index has opened up access for users to a library’s wealth of information resources. This capability has been particularly praised for its ‘google like’ search interface, thereby conforming to user expectations for information searching. Yet, all discovery services also include facets as a search capability and thus provide faceted navigation which is a search feature that Google is not particularly well suited for. Discovery services thus provide a hybrid search interface. An examination of e-commerce sites clearly shows that faceted navigation is an integral part of their discovery systems. Many library OPACs also now are being developed with faceted navigation capabilities. However, the discovery services faceted structures suffer from a number of problems which inhibit their usefulness and their potential. This article examines a number of these issues and it offers suggestions for improving the discovery search interface. It also argues that vendors and libraries need to work together to more closely analyze the user experience of the discovery system.
GILT expression in B cells diminishes cathepsin S steady-state protein expression and activity

MHC class II-restricted Ag processing requires protein degradation in the endocytic pathway for the activation of CD4+ T cells. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) facilitates Ag processing by reducing protein disulfide bonds in this compartment. Lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin S (CatS) contains disulfide bonds and mediates essential steps in MHC class II-restricted processing, including proteolysis of large polypeptides and cleavage of the invariant chain. We sought to determine whether GILT's reductase activity regulates CatS expression and function. Confocal microscopy confirmed that GILT and CatS colocalized within lysosomes of B cells. GILT expression posttranscriptionally decreased the steady-state protein expression of CatS in primary B cells and B-cell lines. GILT did not substantially alter the expression of other lysosomal proteins, including H2-M, H2-O, or CatL. GILT's reductase active site was necessary for diminished CatS protein levels, and GILT expression decreased the half-life of CatS, suggesting that GILT-mediated reduction of protein disulfide bonds enhances CatS degradation. GILT expression decreased the proteolysis of a CatS selective substrate. This study illustrates a physiologic mechanism that regulates CatS and has implications for fine tuning MHC class II-restricted Ag processing and for the development of CatS inhibitors, which are under investigation for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
5' flanking sequences of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene target accurate tissue-specific, developmental, and transsynaptic expression in transgenic mice

Transgenic mice were generated in which sequences that flank the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene were linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. Mice bearing 4.8 kilobases (kb) of 5' flanking DNA exhibited correct tissue-specific expression in the CNS and periphery. Expression was more robust in the CNS than in the periphery, although CAT activity was clearly detected in sympathetic ganglia (superior cervical ganglia) and the adrenal, the two peripheral tissues that contain TH-positive cells. Within the brain, CAT expression was seen in all the expected areas containing TH-positive cell bodies, with little or no expression in other regions. In the olfactory bulb, which contains the majority of the CNS TH cells, developmental expression of CAT was quantifiable and was found to parallel the postnatal rise in endogenous TH, with both TH and CAT reaching adult levels by postnatal day 21. Since TH activity in the olfactory bulb requires afferent input, the dependence of CAT activity on transsynaptic input was also assayed in transgenic mice. Like the endogenous TH activity, CAT levels were also reduced by deafferentation, in parallel with loss in endogenous dopamine levels. While previous experiments demonstrated that shorter 5' flanking regions (2.5 kb and 3.5 kb of 5' upstream sequences of the human and mouse TH gene, respectively) failed to direct accurate tissue-specific expression, our data demonstrate that 4.8 kb of 5' flanking sequence of the rat TH gene contains sufficient regulatory information to mediate appropriate tissue-specific expression in all CNS and PNS tissues, as well as to mediate developmental and transsynaptic expression in the olfactory bulb.
Getting a second opinion: Social capital, digital inequalities, and health information repertoires

This research adopts a repertoire approach to examine the concept of a health information repertoire defined as a set of sources through which people get health information. Drawing on a random sample survey in Austin, TX, it borrows the concepts of cultural omnivores and univores to investigate how health information repertoire are related to social capital and digital inequalities. Results demonstrate that both the size and the composition of health information repertoires vary by social and digital connectivity. People with greater social capital have a larger repertoire and are less likely to be univores dependent on the Internet or interpersonal contacts. People with Internet access have a larger repertoire and are less likely to be univores dependent on television. More skilled Internet users are less likely to be univores dependent on interpersonal contacts, whereas frequent Internet users are more likely to be omnivores with a four-channel repertoire including the Internet, interpersonal contacts, television, and newspaper. The positive relationship between social capital and repertoire size is stronger among less-skilled Internet users. There are significant variations in health information repertoires in terms of media access and sociodemographic characteristics. Scholarly and practical implications are discussed.
Development of glutamatergic innervation during maturation of adult-born neurons

The dentate gyrus is the entrance of the hippocampal formation and a primary target of excitatory afferents from the entorhinal cortex that carry spatial and sensory information. Mounting evidence suggests that continual adult neurogenesis contributes to appropriate processing of cortical information. The ongoing integration of adult born neurons dynamically modulates connectivity of the network, potentially contributing to dentate cognitive function. Here we review the current understanding of how glutamatergic innervation develops during the progression of adult-born neuron maturation. Summarizing the developmental stages of dentate neurogenesis, we also demonstrate that new neurons at an immature stage of maturation begin to process afferent activity from both medial and lateral entorhinal cortices.