cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rangeland Mashups and Wikicology

On the Ground The same collaborative Internet technologies that fundamentally changed how businesses communicate, create products and services, and ultimately succeed have the potential to contribute greatly to meeting knowledge challenges of rangeland management. Web 2.0 tools, like wikis, crowd-sourcing, and content aggregation (i.e., mashups), are currently used in natural resource science and have the potential to increase our understanding of rangeland ecosystems and improve management decision making in the future. Taking advantage of this explosion of information will require a change in focus from discrete and isolated projects to comprehensive knowledge systems that can be tapped (and supplemented as necessary) to respond to new management issues as they arise.
Viscosity Measurement by Cylindrical Compression for Numerical Modeling of Precision Lens Molding Process

Cylindrical compression tests were conducted on two different optical glass grades for determining the high-temperature viscosity and elastic parameters. Numerical simulations of the compression tests and the precision lens molding process were performed by incorporating the data obtained from the compression tests using a commercial finite-element method program. Excellent agreement between the viscosity data from the compression test and the beam bending test was obtained, and a good comparison between the measured and predicted deformation load results was also observed. Further issues that have emerged from this research that would be relevant to the ongoing research on the numerical modeling of the precision aspherical lens molding process include determination of high-temperature elastic properties of glass (i.e. elastic and shear modulus) and friction characterization at the glass-mold interface.
Exploiting vertical diversity in vehicular channel environments

Antenna diversity is a well-known technique used to improve the quality and reliability of a wireless link. In vehicular networks, a different approach to antenna diversity is needed due to their unique channel characteristics. However, this issue has not been actively researched, especially for the positioning of antennas. In this paper, we highlight the benefit of vertical diversity over traditional horizontal diversity techniques in vehicular network environments. Through experiments using IEEE 802.11a radios in the 5.2GHz band, we first show the difference of attenuation patterns from various antenna positions installed in a vehicle, then we show the benefit of vertical diversity by quantifying the diversity gains and combined error rates. This finding has implications for the future position of antenna installation in vehicles.
Problem Solving, Planning, and Innovation. Part II. Speculations for Theory and Practice

This paper argues that the Program Planning Model (PPM) provides a normative strategy of collective action for coping with complex problems. The argument is based on seven propositions which explain how the PPM guides complex problem solving in turbulent settings and avoids several basic limitations of alternative models of collfctive problem solving and decision making. The propositions represent new insights and speculative impressions that developed while conducting and reflecting on the longitudinal test of the PPM described in Part I of this paper (Van de Ven, 1980).
Identification of the serum-responsive transcription initiation site of the zinc finger gene Krox-20.

Abstract The Krox-20 gene is rapidly and transiently induced when quiescent 3T3 cells are stimulated to reenter the proliferative cycle. We identified the major serum-responsive transcription initiation site and found that it differs from the initiation sites previously identified for the Krox-20 gene. Transcripts from the major serum-responsive initiation site increased at least 40-fold in serum-stimulated cells compared with logarithmically growing cells.
Attaching Biological Entities to AFM Cantilevers for Molecular Recognition Studies

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an important tool for high resolution studies in biophysics and mechanical studies directed at biological materials. A strong suit of AFM is its ability to measure hardness/elasticity, nonspecific adhesion or ligand-receptor interactions at the picoNewton scale. Molecular interactions are critical factors in a variety of biological phenomenon; such as the initiation, modulation and termination of DNA replication, transcription, enzyme activity, infection, immune responses, tissue generation, wound healing, cell differentiation, apotopsis and physiological responses from drugs, hormones or toxic agents. Using AFM, scientists can probe and quantify these interactions in their native, liquid environments at physiological pH or perform dynamic experiments in situ by removing or adding ions, solutes and reagents to the sample environment. Bioconjugation chemistry and surface chemistry are crucial because a selective ligand must be immobilized on the tip of an AFM probe so that the AFM can resolve the mechanical force required to separate the ligand and its target. The resulting data can be used to calculate forces of unbinding, derive rate constants and infer structural information about the binding pocket. Biomolecular recognition experiments with AFM can be greatly enhanced through the use of relatively short (~8-10 nm), heterobifunctional, elastic, polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers to immobilize ligands. Heterobifunctional linkers are used in order to permit their sequential immobilization and bioconjugation, while minimizing undesirable polymerizations or self-conjugation. The linkers have an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester at one end to permit their attachment to aminated silicon or silicon nitride AFM probes. Other reactive functional groups, such as a biotin, maleimide, disulfide, aldehyde, or a photoreactive group reside at the opposite end of the linker to permit the direct or indirect attachment of intact antibodies, Fab fragments, peptides, nucleic acids or other biological entities. The PEG linkers are flexible, so an attached ligand has freedom to diffuse within a defined volume of space and approach the binding site in a thermodynamically favorable manner. PicoTREC, an accessory for the Agilent AFM, uses ligand-PEG modified cantilevers to generate a topography image and a recognition image of biomolecular interactions. As the modified cantilever gently oscillates at defined amplitude, it is scanned across a sample and PicoTREC converts the information derived from ligand-receptor interactions into a high resolution, nanometer-scale map. Consequently, the locations of discrete molecular interactions can be easily determined and compared with a topography image of the sample.
Plastic spectacle lenses

Perspex, a polymer of methyl methacrylate, possesses all the attributes, except hardness, desirable in a material for spectacle lenses. It is especially resistant to impact and splintering and is extraordinarily light in weight. Experiments are described illustrating (a) that surface scratches, arising because of the relative softness of Perspex, are not so troublesome to vision as might be supposed; (b) the resilience and resistance to splintering of Perspex. The manufacture of plastic lenses, in which the lapping operations necessary with glass are replaced by a simple moulding operation, is briefly described. Plastic lenses for binoculars, telescopes and photography, as well as plastic spectacle lenses, are in production.
Biota–sediment accumulation and trophic transfer factors for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish, invertebrates, and sediment from a contaminated tidal creek system in coastal Georgia (USA) were traced to Aroclor 1268, a mixture of hepta through decachlorinated homologs (xCI = 8.5) used at a former chlor/alkali plant adjacent to the study site. The base 10 logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) for the 15 most abundant Aroclor 1268 components in these samples ranged from 6.7 to >9. The composite mean biota–sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) for these congeners was 3.1, 0.81, and 0.28 for yearling striped mullet, spotted sea trout, and grass shrimp, respectively, species representing three trophic levels of the local food web. Individual congener BSAFs were negatively correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with log Kow for all three species. The composite mean trophic transfer factor (TTFlip), defined as the ratio of lipid-normalized PCB concentrations in fish to grass shrimp, was higher for mullet (12) than for sea trout (2.9). Individual TTFlip values were two to three times higher for Cl7 and Cl8 homologs that were substituted at all four ortho positions, suggesting a difference in PCB retention based on chlorine substitution patterns. The relative magnitude of BSAFs and TTFlip values indicated that sediment-ingesting forage species like mullet efficiently accumulate PCBs and are an important link in the food web transfer of sediment-associated contaminants in this system. The negative linear relationships between BSAF and log Kow established in this study are among the first to be reported in the field for extremely hydrophobic PCBs.
Exposure of prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females does not enhance sexual development

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether continuous, long-term, fenceline exposure of prepubertal beef bulls to cycling beef females reduced age at puberty and influenced the percentage of bulls that passed an initial breeding soundness examination (BSE). Bulls (Angus, n = 37; Simmental, n = 22; Hereford, n = 10; Simmental × Angus, n = 8) at an average age of 202 ± 21.5 days were given either continuous fenceline and visual exposure to cycling females (exposed, n = 41) or no exposure (control, n = 36). Estrus was induced in cycling beef females so at least three females were in standing estrus each week during the 182 days of exposure to bulls. Scrotal circumference (SC), body weight, and blood samples were collected every 28 days. When bulls had SC of 26 cm or more, semen samples were obtained monthly via electroejaculation until puberty was achieved (≥50 × 10 6 sperm/mL with at least 10% progressive motility). Behavioral observations were conducted twice monthly: once when females were in estrus and once during diestrus. Homosexual mounting, flehmen responses, and number of times near penned females were recorded for each observation period. Breeding soundness examinations were conducted when the average age of bulls was 364 ± 21.5 days. Normal sperm morphology of at least 70% and sperm motility of at least 30% were required to pass the BSE. Age, body weight, and SC at puberty did not differ between exposed and control bulls (320 ± 28 and 311 ± 29 days; 466.2 ± 12.2 and 437.7 ± 13.5 kg; and 34.4 ± 2.5 and 34.9 ± 2.5 cm, respectively). Percentage of bulls passing their initial BSE did not differ between treatments (exposed, 87.8%; control, 75.0%). Treatment, month, and female estrous stage interacted (P = 0.05) to affect the number of mount attempts and flehmen responses. Exposed bulls entered the cow area more times (P
Faces of Adversity

This column introduces ideas for a nursing curriculum addressing living with adversity. The question is posed: How do we educate professional nurses to be with others in compassionate and helpful ways at times of calamitous or disastrous experiences? To answer this question the following possibilities for curriculum development are presented: (a) undergird nursing knowledge with value-laden nursing theory, (b) provide “away experiences” for both undergraduate and graduate students in nursing; (c) include theoretical literature on adversity in the curriculum; and (d) develop programs of research addressing phenomena of health experienced by those living with adversity. The column concludes with a personal story of an “away experience” by Vickie Britson.
Functional Variants in DPYSL2 Sequence Increase Risk of Schizophrenia and Suggest a Link to mTOR Signaling

Numerous linkage and association studies by our group and others have implicated DPYSL2 at 8p21.2 in schizophrenia. Here we explore DPYSL2 for functional variation that underlies these associations. We sequenced all 14 exons of DPYSL2 as well as 27 conserved noncoding regions at the locus in 137 cases and 151 controls. We identified 120 variants, eight of which we genotyped in an additional 729 cases and 1542 controls. Several were significantly associated with schizophrenia, including a three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype in the proximal promoter, two SNPs in intron 1, and a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the 5′-untranslated region that alters sequences predicted to be involved in translational regulation by mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. The 3-SNP promoter haplotype and the sequence surrounding one of the intron 1 SNPs direct tissue-specific expression in the nervous systems of Zebrafish in a pattern consistent with the two endogenous dpysl2 paralogs. In addition, two SNP haplotypes over the coding exons and 3′ end of DPYSL2 showed association with opposing sex-specific risks. These data suggest that these polymorphic, schizophrenia-associated sequences function as regulatory elements for DPYSL2 expression. In transient transfection assays, the high risk allele of the polymorphic dinucleotide repeat diminished reporter expression by 3- to 4-fold. Both the high- and low-risk alleles respond to allosteric mTOR inhibition by rapamycin until, at high drug levels, allelic differences are eliminated. Our results suggest that reduced transcription and mTOR-regulated translation of certain DPYSL2 isoforms increase the risk for schizophrenia.
INDIGENOUS MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 1992–2004: Controversies, Ironies, New Directions

AbstractThis review examines literature on indigenous movements in Latin America from 1992 to 2004. It addresses ethnic identity and ethnic activism, in particular the reindianization processes occurring in indigenous communities throughout the region. We explore the impact that states and indigenous mobilizing efforts have had on each other, as well as the role of transnational nongovernmental organizations and para-statal organizations, neoliberalism more broadly, and armed conflict. Shifts in ethnoracial, political, and cultural indigenous discourses are examined, special attention being paid to new deployments of rhetorics concerned with political imaginaries, customary law, culture, and identity. Self-representational strategies will be numerous and dynamic, identities themselves multiple, fluid, and abundantly positional. The challenges these dynamics present for anthropological field research and ethnographic writing are discussed, as is the dialogue between scholars, indigenous and not, and activi...
Cost Reduction, Competition and Industry Performance

In many markets, firms compete over time by expending resources with the purpose of reducing their costs. Sometimes the cost-reducing investments operate directly on costs. In many instances, they take the form of developing new products that deliver what customers need more cheaply. Therefore product development can have the same ultimate effect as direct cost reduction. In fact, if one thinks of the product as the services it delivers to the customer (in the way that Lancaster pioneered), then product development often is just cost reduction.
Interventional Spine Procedures for Management of Chronic Low Back Pain—A Primer

Chronic low back pain is a common clinical condition. Percutaneous fluoroscopic-guided interventions are safe and effective procedures for the management of chronic low back pain, which can be performed in an outpatient setting. Interventional radiologists already possess the technical skills necessary to perform these interventions effectively so that they may be incorporated into a busy outpatient practice. This article provides a basic approach to the evaluation of patients with low back pain, as well as a review of techniques used to perform the most common interventions using fluoroscopic guidance.
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING AND STOCHASTIC CONTROL PROCESSES

Consider a system S specified at any time t by a finite dimensional vector x(t) satisfying a vector differential equation dx/dt = g[x, r(t), f(t)], x(0) = c, where c is the initial state, r(t) is a random forcing term possessing a known distribution, and f(t) is a forcing term chosen, via a feedback process, so as to minimize the expected value of a functional J(x) = ƒ0T h(x − y, t) dG(t), where y(t) is a known function, or chosen so as to minimize the functional defined by the probability that max0 ≦ t ≦ T h(x − y, t) exceed a specified bound. It is shown how the functional equation technique of dynamic programming may be used to obtain a new computational and analytic approach to problems of this genre. The limited memory capacity of present-day digital computers limits the routine application of these techniques to first and second order systems at the moment, with limited application to higher order systems.
Assessment of Radiographic Parameters for Adequate Reduction Following Syndesmotic Injury Causing Fibular Malrotation

Rotational ankle injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal problems treated by orthopaedic surgeons. The distal tibio-fibular syndesmosis may be disrupted during injury resulting in ankle instability. The goal of surgery is to restore anatomic relation of tibia, fibula, and talus. Any malreduction including that of the syndesmosis may result in poor clinical outcomes [1]. While currently accepted radiographic criteria can adequately detect tibio-fibular diasthesis or translation malreductions, it is not yet clear if the currently these criteria are equally suited for detection of rotational malreductions of the tibio-fibular syndesmosis [2]. The goal of this study is to quantify the sensitivity of fluoroscopic measurements of tibio-fibular overlap (TFO) and tibio-fibular clear space (TCS) to rotational malreductions of the syndesmosis. Standard x-ray imaging will be compared with a 3D fluoroscan which will simulate postoperative CT [3].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Escherichia coli MntR Miniregulon Includes Genes Encoding a Small Protein and an Efflux Pump Required for Manganese Homeostasis

Manganese is a critical micronutrient for cells, serving as an enzyme cofactor and protecting against oxidative stress. Yet, manganese is toxic in excess and little is known about its distribution in cells. Bacteria control intracellular manganese levels by the transcription regulator MntR. When this work began, the only Escherichia coli K-12 gene known to respond to manganese via MntR repression was mntH, which encodes a manganese importer. We show that mntS (formerly the small RNA gene rybA) is repressed by manganese through MntR and encodes an unannotated 42-amino-acid protein. Overproduction of MntS causes manganese sensitivity, while a lack of MntS perturbs proper manganese-dependent repression of mntH. We also provide evidence that mntP (formerly yebN), which encodes a putative efflux pump, is positively regulated by MntR. Deletion of mntP leads to profound manganese sensitivity and to elevated intracellular manganese levels. This work thus defines two new proteins involved in manganese homeostasis and suggests mechanisms for their action.
An efficient method to identify critical gates under circuit aging

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is the leading factor of circuit performance degradation. Due to its complex dependence on operating conditions, especially signal probability, it is a tremendous challenge to accurately predict the degradation rate in reality. On the other hand, we demonstrate in this work that it is feasible to reliably predict the relative importance of gates under NBTI. By identifying critical gates that are the most important ones for timing degradation, we will be able to effectively protect the circuit from aging, with the minimum design overhead. The proposed method is based on a new timing analysis framework that integrates a NBTI-aware library. For each potential critical path, we prove that there exists a particular signal probability, which leads to the worst case of timing degradation. The search of such worst case signal probability provides a safe guardband for the degradation, yet avoiding overly pessimistic analysis. By applying this method to ISCAS and ITC benchmark circuits at the 65 nm node, we demonstrate that in average only 1% of total gates need to be protected in order to control the timing degradation within 10% in ten years. Since this method only requires one-time analysis of each critical path, it is very efficient in computation. With the information of critical gates available, it further enables other resilient design techniques to mitigate circuit aging under NBTI.
The convergence of alternate controllers and musical interfaces in interactive entertainment

This paper will investigate a variety of alternate controllers that are making an impact in interactive entertainment, particularly in the video game industry. Since the late 1990's, the surging popularity of rhythmic and musical performance games in Japanese arcades has led to the development of new interfaces and alternate controllers for the consumer market worldwide.Rhythm action games such as Dance Dance Revolution, Taiko No Tatsujin (Taiko: Drum Master), and Donkey Konga are stimulating collaborative gameplay and exposing consumers to custom controllers designed specifically for musical and physical interaction. We are witnessing the emergence and acceptance of these breakthrough controllers and models for gameplay as an international cultural phenomenon penetrating the video game and toy markets in record numbers.Therefore, it is worth considering the potential benefits to developers of musical interfaces, electronic devices and alternate controllers in light of these new and emerging opportunities, particularly in the realm of video gaming, toy development, arcades, and other interactive entertainment experiences.
Structural properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films grown by the pulsed laser deposition method on (0001) sapphire substrates have been studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the crystal orientation of the YSZ films changes as a function of oxygen pressure during deposition. At low oxygen pressure (50 mTorr), well-defined (111) oriented YSZ films are grown. High oxygen pressure favors the nucleation of (001) oriented YSZ grains. A model to explain the preferred growth direction of (001) YSZ is presented. Utilizing the experimental data, we have developed a two-step process to epitaxially grow high-quality (001) oriented YSZ on (0001) sapphire substrate.
Modeling Mentoring: Early Lessons from the W.K. Kellogg/ADEA Minority Dental Faculty Development Program

In 2004, the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) proposed several major strategies to improve the recruitment, retention, and development of underrepresented minorities (URMs) in the dental profession. One of the strategies was the establishment of the ADEA Minority Dental Faculty Development (ADEA MDFD) Program. This report presents key early lessons from the ADEA MDFD program. It also presents results from surveys of ADEA MDFD program directors, grantee mentors, and mentees on the dynamics of their mentoring programs and the important characteristics of successful mentors and mentees. In addition, the report provides a comprehensive program implementation logic model that other schools can use as a guide to establishing their own faculty mentoring programs.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance in the United States: Update

In July 2008, Congress enacted legislation -- the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 -- which amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. This article examines the background of the legislation, including the secret implementation by President Bush following the terrorist attacks of September 11 of what came to be called the Terrorist Surveillance Program, the ensuing legal and constitutional challenges to the President’s Program, and the decisions and actions of individuals involved in defending the TSP and in responding to calls to rectify alleged weaknesses in the system of foreign intelligence surveillance established by FISA. The article concludes with a critique of the new legislation and a discussion of the legal challenges it is likely to elicit.
Circadian uptake of H-thymidine in the rat incisor under the influence of cortisone.

SummaryA single injection of cortisone in adrenalectomized rats resulted in a significant increase in number of 3H-thymidine labeled cells in the cervical loop of maxillary incisors at 7 am, 1 pm, 7 pm, and 1 am when compared to untreated adrenalectomized animals. The increase was most pronounced at 1 pm and least significant at 7 pm. Controls showed consistently and significantly fewer labeled nuclei than cortisone-treated adrenalectomized rats at all periods except 7 pm. Again, the most significant increase occurred at 1 pm. In addition, control values were consistently and significantly higher than those of untreated adrenalectomized rats for all periods except those of the 1 pm period. A circadian rhythm in uptake of 3H-thymidine was noted in all groups. Both treated and untreated adrenalectomized animals revealed significantly more labeled cells at 7 am and 1 pm. Control rats showed a cyclic activity which varied between individual cell layers and was less pronounced than in adrenalectomized rats. Th...
Abstract 2333: Integrin β1 contributes to metastasis and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC)

Integrin β1 Contributes to Metastasis and Prognosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (HNSCC) It is known that integrin β1 is involved in metastasis of various tumor types. We have previously demonstrated that integrin β1 not only serves as a potential biomarker, but also plays a role in metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), evidently by increasing tumor cell invasion (AACR poster 09-Abstract-6472). To determine the significance of integrin β1 expression in the prognosis of HNSCC and the mechanism underlying the association of integrin β1 with metastatic disease, tissue specimens obtained from 207 patients with HNSCC (101 from patients with lymph node metastasis and 106 from patients without lymph node metastasis) were analyzed for integrin β1 expression, scored as percentage expression. Furthermore, integrin β1 was knocked down by shRNA in two HNSCC cell lines to investigate its effect on invasion and metastasis-related signal transduction pathways. Finally, an orthotopic xenograft metastatic model was utilized to verify the clinical and in vitro biological findings. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed that integrin β1 expression was significantly higher in metastatic primary tumors than in non-metastatic tumors (42.7% vs 32.1%, p=0.01 and p=0.03 by univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively). Integrin β1 was also found to be highly associated with the primary cancer site (oral cavity : larynx : oropharynx = 43.5% : 33.3% : 28.2%, p=0.01). Integrin β1 showed a proportional correlation with tumor stage (25.9% vs 45.9% for Stage III vs Stage IV, respectively, p = 0.02). In patients with metastasis, integrin β1 expression was inversely correlated with overall survival (p=0.02). The in vitro study showed that in integrin β1 knock-down cells, phosphorylation of FAK and MMP2 activity were down-regulated, which was associated with reduced invasion activity of these cells. Finally, the xenograft metastatic model showed that knock-down of integrin β1 significantly prevented HNSCC cells from metastasizing to the lymph node and lung (p=0.001 and p=0.02, respectively). Our study indicates that integrin β1 has a major impact on HNSCC prognosis through, at least partially, its active involvement in the regulation of metastasis. (Supported by NIH/NCI R21 CA125062 and GCC Distinguished Cancer Scholar award to ZGC and DMS) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2333.
Vegetative compatibility within populations of Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. tamarii from a peanut field

The diversity of vegetative compatibility groups in Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. ta- marii, mycotoxigenic fungi that produce aflatoxins and/ or cyclopiazonic acid in peanut seeds, was examined. Soil samples were collected from a peanut field shortly after planting and peanut seeds were later harvested from the same soil sites. Aspergillus tamarii isolates
Body Mass Index Change between Pregnancies and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth.

Objective Studies have reported an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth associated with elevated prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) among nulliparous but not multiparous women. We examined whether changes in BMI and weight between pregnancies contributed to risk of preterm birth among obese (BMI > 29 kg/m2) women. Study Design This study utilized maternally linked California birth records of sequential singleton births between 2007 and 2010. Preterm birth was defined as 20 to 31 or 32 to 36 weeks of gestation. BMI was examined as category change and by tertile of weight change. Primary analyses included women without diabetes or hypertensive disorders; these women were compared with those without prior preterm birth, women with preterm deliveries preceded by spontaneous preterm labor, and women without any exclusions (i.e., diabetes or hypertensive disorders). Results Analyses showed that obesity was not associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth among multiparous women. Women whose BMI increased had a decreased risk of spontaneous preterm birth at 32 to 36 weeks. Change in BMI or weight between pregnancies did not substantively alter results. Conclusion Among multiparous women, obesity was associated with reduced risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. This observed association is complex and may be influenced by maternal age, gestational age, placental insufficiency, and altered immune response.
Current clinical manifestations of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an enormously serious and growing global disease that is becoming increasingly concentrated in the so-called "developing" nations of the world, where the epidemic is fuelled by the rapid expansion of the population, the presence of extreme poverty, and the coexistence of HIV infection. Most persons who become infected with M. tuberculosis do not develop the disease tuberculosis. In those who do, two types are recognised: 1) early progression of the primary pulmonary lesion or its lymph node component, or a complication from hematogenous dissemination, and 2) late reactivation of one or more previously latent sites, of which upper lobe pulmonary disease is the most common; extrapulmonary disease may also occur. Progressive immunosuppression from HIV infection exaggerates and accelerates the evolution of virtually all aspects of tuberculosis.
LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT SUBSTANCES THAT ENHANCE DNA PHOTOLYASE ACTIVITY

ABSTRACT A low molecular weight substance that enhances the activity of DNA photolyase purified by affinity chromatography has been isolated from acidified autolyzates of Baker's yeast. The substance, purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography, reacts positively with ninhydrin and absorbs at 248–250 nm. This differs from its excitation maxima at 280 nm and 358 nm, leaving unresolved whether the fluorescence of the activator is that of a covalently or non-covalently bound chromophore
TGFβ induces BIGH3 expression and human retinal pericyte apoptosis: a novel pathway of diabetic retinopathy

TGF β induces BIGH3 expression and human retinal pericyte apoptosis: a novel pathway of diabetic retinopathy
Online Evaluative Conditioning Did Not Alter Internalized Homonegativity or Self-Esteem in Gay Men.

Objective Internalized homonegativity is linked to psychological distress in sexual minorities and is thus a potential treatment target in this population. Previous studies have shown that evaluative conditioning (EC) can modify self-esteem, another self-directed attitude. The present study aimed to determine if EC deployed over the Internet could modify self-esteem and internalized homonegativity. Method Gay men recruited online (N = 184) were randomly assigned to a control group or an experimental condition. Participants completed self-reports and measures of implicit attitudes before and after being exposed to control or experimental tasks. The study was administered online. Results There were no significant between-group differences on implicit or explicit self-esteem (ps > .49) or internalized homonegativity (ps > .28). Conclusion Despite past laboratory success, Internet-based EC did not produce significant effects in implicit or explicit self-directed attitudes. Post hoc analyses did not support any of several potential explanations for these results. Alternative explanations are discussed.
In-pore synthesis of ZnCO$$_$$ in various adsorbents for NH$$_$$ and SO$$_2$$2 adsorption

A highly porous adsorbent capable of broad spectrum filtration of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) is necessary for many civilian and military applications. To promote the gas adsorption of TICs such as NH $$_3$$ and SO $$_2$$ , a biphasic carbon silica composite (CSC) and other single phase carbonaceous and siliceous materials functionalized with sparingly soluble ZnCO $$_3$$ are considered. The adsorption capacities of these substrates functionalized via both in-pore synthesis and a wet impregnation have been measured with very low concentrations of both TICs in a balance of helium. Along with capacity performance, the functionalized materials have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and porosimetry techniques. Results show successful incorporation of a well dispersed ZnCO $$_3$$ phase when incorporated via in-pore synthesis. All ZnCO $$_3$$ functionalized materials enhance adsorption capacities compared to impregnant-free substrates. Characterization results show reduced pore volumes and surface areas of functionalized materials while maintaining structural integrity. In order to target both adsorbates effectively, in-pore synthesis of ZnCO $$_3$$ on CSC provides high adsorption performance with NH $$_3$$ and SO $$_2$$ capacities of 4.2 and 0.59 mol/kg, respectively.
Decellularized Tooth Bud Scaffolds for Tooth Regeneration

Whole tooth regeneration approaches currently are limited by our inability to bioengineer full-sized, living replacement teeth. Recently, decellularized organ scaffolds have shown promise for appli...
Computer program for automatic processing of Basin and Range seismic data

Abstract A program has been written for the University of Nevada9s IBM 1620 computer which locates epicenters of seismic events that occur within the Nevada region. The program utilizes readings of P and S waves at up to eight stations in the Basin and Range province, rejects readings for events which are outside the region of interest or events recorded at less than three Nevada stations, establishes trial epicenters for locatable events by means of a table-lookup routine which utilized P-time differences between pairs of stations, and adjusts the trial epicenter by a least-squares procedure based on a sloping-layer crustal model derived from recent U. S. Geological Survey seismic refraction profiles. Epicenters calculated by the program are found to be affected by near-surface structural irregularities in the vicinity of receiving stations, but are not affected either by near-surface features in the source region or direction of the propagation paths with respect to regional structural trends. Traveltime delays calculated for Nevada seismographic stations appear to correlate with Bouguer gravity anomalies at the station sites.
Role of Molecular Recognition in l-Cystine Crystal Growth Inhibition.

l-Cystine kidney stones—aggregates of single crystals of the hexagonal form of l-cystine—afflict more than 20 000 individuals in the United States alone. Current therapies are often ineffective and produce adverse side effects. Recognizing that the growth of l-cystine crystals is a critical step in stone pathogenesis, real-time in situ atomic force microscopy of growth on the (0001) face of l-cystine crystals and measurements of crystal growth anisotropy were performed in the presence of prospective inhibitors drawn from a 31-member library. The most effective molecular imposters for crystal growth inhibition were l-cystine mimics (aka molecular imposters), particularly l-cystine diesters and diamides, for which a kinetic analysis revealed a common inhibition mechanism consistent with Cabrera–Vermilyea step pinning. The amount of inhibitor incorporated by l-cystine crystals, estimated from kinetic data, suggests that imposter binding to the {0001} face is less probable than binding of l-cystine solute mol...
After the Visit: An Overview of Government and Community Programs Supporting Children with Medical Complexity

The optimal care of children with medical complexity (CMC) requires involvement from a network of professionals that includes physicians, nurses, ancillary service providers, and educators. Pediatric health care providers typically have early and frequent contact with the families of CMC. Therefore, they are in a unique position to connect families to developmental, educational, and psychosocial supports. This article reviews important government and community programs that support CMC living in the United States. It outlines the educational rights of children with disabilities and offers practical tips for collaborating with Early Intervention and the public school system. The article also provides an overview of financial assistance programs, respite care services, and support groups that are beneficial to CMC and their families.
OCT/SLO Microperimetry and Correlates

Microperimetry appears to offer a useful, additional, and perhaps more sensitive description of retinal visual function than visual acuity alone. The intrinsic registration of the OCT/SLO microperimeter allows integrated testing of retinal sensitivity and retinal anatomic pathology which may be useful for exploring a variety of form versus functional relationships.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Structure of Tacit Knowledge in Nursing

The purpose of this study was to examine the structure of tacit knowledge in the nursing profession. Using research in implicit learning and practical intelligence as a theoretical framework, a paper-and-pencil measure of tacit knowledge for nurses was developed and refined. Five models, each representing an established theory of traditional intelligence, were compared in terms of fit to the data. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggest that Model 3, a hierarchical model of intelligence, was the most plausible representation of tacit knowledge in nursing. The results indicate that the portion of managerial decision making learned implicitly on the job is mainly accounted for by managing tasks and others. Suggestions for nursing education include teaching effective strategies for managing tasks, such as handling increased workloads, establishing priorities, and delegating responsibility.
Long-Term Neuroimaging Findings in American Football Players: Systematic Review.

Background Lasting neuroimaging changes after participation in American football are an increasing public health concern. The clinical relevance of imaging findings remains unknown. Methods A systematic review was performed with the following inclusion criteria: football players, brain imaging ≥2 years from previous concussion or retirement, and sample size ≥5. Studies were assessed for 1) methodology (control selection, type I error, and recall bias), 2) imaging outcomes, and 3) number of significant statistical comparisons. Results Sixteen studies (all cross-sectional studies) met the inclusion criteria. Highest level of play included high school (n = 1), college (n = 3), and professional (n = 12). Thirteen of the 16 studies made a total 456 comparisons of brain activity, of which 171 were statistically significant (38%). Nine of 16 studies (56%) had appropriate controls, and 5 of 16 studies (31%) appropriately accounted for type I error. To obtain player concussion history, all studies (16/16) had recall bias or unclear methodology. Imaging outcome measures included structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (29.2%), diffusion tensor imaging (25%), radioactive tracer uptake on positron emission tomography (16.7%), patterns of connectivity on functional MRI (fMRI) (12.5%), transcranial magnetic stimulation (8.3%), arterial spin labeling MRI (4.2%), and metabolic changes on 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (4.2%). Conclusions Long-term neuroimaging findings in American football players are heterogeneous in both methodology and findings. Understanding the clinical importance of statistically significant findings is complicated by methodological limitations and study design. Further research is required to correlate imaging findings with clinical outcomes.
Reconfigurable Printed Yagi-Uda Star Array for RF Power Transmission and Harvesting Systems

In this paper, we propose an array of Yagi-Uda antennas positioned in a star shaped fashion where panels are extending outward from a cylindrical axial support. The advantage of usingYagi-Uda antennas is that they have an end-fire radiation pattern which minimizes the reflection and polarization issues compared to microstrip antenna arrays, and gives rise to a simpler and a more cost-effective design. Elements with different orientations or polarizations can beconfigured to enable a large number of antenna elements confined in a compact space (i.e.: a cylinder) radiating efficiently, and potentially in all directions equally. The number of antennas in addition to the number of panels can be controlled electronically and/or mechanically to enable different types of radiation patterns. It is evident from our preliminary results that a higher effective omni-directional gain is enabled which contributes to the total radiated power as described by Friis equation.
Mergers of Capacity-Constrained Firms

Merging firms regularly argue that mergers involving capacity-constrained firms are unlikely to be anti-competitive, because the incentive for the merged firm to raise prices and reduce quantity may not be strong enough to generate slack in the capacity constraints and lead to higher prices. We construct a modified notion of upward pricing pressure called ccGUPPI, or capacity constrained GUPPI, which accounts for the upward prices pressure from binding capacity constraints, in addition to standard merger price effects. ccGUPPI is sufficient to correctly predict whether a merger of capacity-constrained firms will have positive price effects, irrespective of the functional form of demand. Further, using Monte Carlo simulation, we show that ccGUPPI is generally a useful proxy for actual price effects, with lower informational requirements than full merger simulation.
The Son of Man and the Angel of the Lord: Daniel 7.13–14 and Israel's Angel Traditions:

Interpreters wrestle with Dan. 7.13–14 and its account of the ‘one like a human being’, traditionally known as ‘the Son of Man’. This figure is subject to two competing interpretations: symbol (suf...
Power, Pride, and Policy

“Can you fill out short-term disability paperwork for me?” my upbeat, rambunctious, 28-year-old patient asked.
How CEOs Shape Knowledge Utilization: A Micro-foundation of Organizational Problem Solving Capacity

The knowledge-based view contends that firms solve complex problems effectively because they support efficient knowledge transfer and recombination. However, a liability of hierarchy, the tendency ...
The Acute Dialysis Orders Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE): Fellow Performance on a Formative Assessment of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy Competence.

Background and objectives Acute kidney replacement therapy (KRT) prescription is a critical nephrology skill. We administered a formative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to nephrology fellows to assess acute KRT medical knowledge, patient care, and systems-based practice competencies. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Prospective cohort study of an educational test using the unified model of construct validity. We tested 117 fellows: 25 (four programs) in 2016 and 92 (15 programs) in 2017; 51 first-year and 66 second-year fellows. Using institutional protocols and order sets, fellows wrote orders and answered open-ended questions on a three-scenario OSCE, previously validated by board-certified, practicing clinical nephrologists. Outcomes were overall and scenario pass percentage and score; percent correctly answering predetermined, evidence-based questions; second-year score correlation with in-training examination score; and satisfaction survey. Results A total of 76% passed scenario 1 (acute continuous RRT): 92% prescribed a ≥20 ml/kg per hour effluent dose; 63% estimated clearance as effluent volume. Forty-two percent passed scenario 2 (maintenance dialysis initiation); 75% correctly prescribed 3–4 mEq/L K+ dialysate and 12% identified the two absolute, urgent indications for maintenance dialysis initiation (uremic encephalopathy and pericarditis). Six percent passed scenario 3 (acute life-threatening hyperkalemia); 20% checked for rebound hyperkalemia with two separate blood draws. Eighty-three percent correctly withheld intravenous sodium bicarbonate for acute hyperkalemia in a nonacidotic, volume-overloaded patient on maintenance dialysis, and 32% passed overall. Second-year versus first-year fellow overall score was 44.4±4 versus 42.7±5 (one-tailed P=0.02), with 39% versus 24% passing (P=0.08). Second-year in-training examination and OSCE scores were not significantly correlated (r=0.15; P=0.26). Seventy-seven percent of fellows agreed the OSCE was useful in assessing “proficiency in ordering” acute KRT. Limitations include lack of a validated criterion test, and unfamiliarity with open-ended question format. Conclusions The OSCE can provide quantitative data for formative Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competency assessments and identify opportunities for dialysis curriculum development. Podcast This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_08_08_CJASNPodcast_19_09_.mp3
Human health risks due to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls are highest in New Bedford Harbor communities living closest to the harbor

In response to concerns raised by communities surrounding the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site, we completed a field and modeling study that concluded the harbor is the primary source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air around the harbor. The follow-up question from residents was whether the PCBs measured in air pose a risk to their health. The US Environmental Protection Agency focuses their site-specific, risk-based decisions for site clean-up on cancers. We focused our assessment on the non-cancer effects on the thyroid based on the congener specific patterns and concentrations of PCBs measured in air near and distant to the harbor. Human and animal studies of PCB-induced effects on the thyroid provide evidence to support our analysis. Drawing from the published toxicological data, we used a Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach to derive a human-equivalent concentration in air associated with human health effects on the thyroid. Based on the MOEs calculated herein, evaluation of the MOE indicates that changes in thyroid hormone levels are possible among people living adjacent to the Harbor. Changes in thyroid hormone levels are more likely among people who live near the harbor compared to residents living in areas distant from the harbor. This risk assessment documents potential health risks associated with proximity to a marine Superfund Site using site-specific ambient air PCB congener data.