cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BOTTOM-UP EFFECTS ON PERSISTENCE OF A SPECIALIST PREDATOR: ANT INVASIONS AND HORNED LIZARDS

Maintaining biodiversity within fragmented landscapes has become a primary focus of ecology. Despite many theoretical and comparative studies on species persistence following fragmentation, experimental studies investigating the mechanisms behind population declines remain rare. In recent years, coastal horned lizards (Phrynosoma coronatum) have disappeared throughout much of their range in coastal southern California. In addition to the direct impact of habitat loss due to urbanization, horned lizard populations continue to decline in the remaining fragmented landscape. One factor that may contribute to their decline is the invasion of exotic species from the surrounding urban matrix. Horned lizards are ant specialists, and they may be particularly vulnerable to changes in the native ant community resulting from the invasion of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile). In this study we examined how Argentine ants influence horned lizard growth rates by raising hatchlings on prey typical of invaded and uninvaded sites. Hatchling horned lizards maintained positive growth rates on a diet of just one native ant species (Crematogaster californica). However, on a diet of Argentine ants or arthropods typical of an invaded community, horned lizard growth rates were either negative or averaged near zero. In addition, when lizards were switched from a diet of Argentine ants to native ants, growth rates increased. One factor contributing to growth was foraging rate; capture success appears partly responsible for why horned lizards specialize on ants vs. other, harder to capture, arthropods. Moreover, a comparison of diets among age classes of coastal horned lizards suggests a diversity of ants is necessary to support lizard populations. While stochastic demographic and environmental processes are often invoked to explain the decline of populations following fragmentation, it appears that horned lizards are disappearing from habitat remnants in southern California at least in part due to the deterministic effects of a biological invasion.
Abstract 439: Gender and Racial Trends in Blood Pressure Control in a University-Based Cardiology Clinic

Background: Gender and racial differences may influence control of coronary disease risk factors, and have been partially attributed to socioeconomic issues. Methods: Encounters from a university-based primary cardiology clinic with broad referral base were analyzed for BP by gender and race in patients with hypertension as a diagnosis. Results: 200 encounters were analyzed: 105 (53%) females; systolic BP (SBP) 134 ± 20 mmHg compared with 95 (47%) males; SBP 130 ± 18 mmHg (NS). There were 100 (50%) African American patients; SBP 134 ± 20 mmHg compared with 100 (50%) White patients; SBP 130 ± 18 mmHg (NS). Comparing each subgroup to the remainder of the patients revealed African American females (AAF) with SBP of 137 ± 21 mmHg (P Conclusion: African American females with treated hypertension had the highest documented BP during their clinic visits. Lack of compliance with medications is unlikely because these patients had insurance and their LDL levels were adequately controlled with medications. Body weight, though not statistically significant, may have contributed to the elevated BP in AAF. White-coat-hypertension is another potential explanation, which has been previously reported to be prevalent in African American females. This is an important observation given that approximately 50% of AAF patient in our cohort had treated diabetes requiring stricter BP control, compared with 25% in the other groups. Further studies with ambulatory BP monitoring may help better explain this observation. AAF remain at exceptional risk for cardiovascular disease; efforts to improve detection and control of hypertension, in addition to other cardiac risk factors, in this vulnerable ethnic/gender segment of the population are of paramount importance.
An EOQ model with price-dependent supply and demand

Abstract This paper considers a generalization of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model for an end-item that requires an input component for production. The quantity of input components available for production is a nondecreasing function of the price offered by the producer to its suppliers, while the end-item demand is also price-dependent. We analyze the behavior of the optimal replenishment and pricing policy, which depends on the economics of production and procurement costs and the prices associated with input components and end-items. This analysis sheds light on how to deal with price-dependent supply in production planning, as well as on the value of supplier heterogeneity and information on the relationship between component price and supply.
Quantum simulated annealing algorithm

By combining quantum evolutionary algorithms and simulated annealing algorithm, this paper presented a quantum simulated annealing algorithm. In this algorithm, chromosome is encoded according to the phase; This study defined the phase neighborhood space and narrowed the scope of the algorithm search. The concept of information entropy was introduced to avoid searching blindness and the expression of the angle of rotation increments based on quantum revolving door was derived to simplify the calculation process. This study adopted the Boltzmann probability distribution principle to accept the new solution and improve the search performance of the algorithm; at the same time, the mutation operation and quantum random behavior were added to prevent the phenomenon of prematurity. It has proved the global convergence of the algorithm. Function optimization problem and PID controller parameter optimization problems were simulated. The results show that the algorithm has stronger global convergence and searching ability.
A next-generation marker genotyping platform (AmpSeq) in heterozygous crops: a case study for marker-assisted selection in grapevine

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is often employed in crop breeding programs to accelerate and enhance cultivar development, via selection during the juvenile phase and parental selection prior to crossing. Next-generation sequencing and its derivative technologies have been used for genome-wide molecular marker discovery. To bridge the gap between marker development and MAS implementation, this study developed a novel practical strategy with a semi-automated pipeline that incorporates trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphism marker discovery, low-cost genotyping through amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) and decision making. The results document the development of a MAS package derived from genotyping-by-sequencing using three traits (flower sex, disease resistance and acylated anthocyanins) in grapevine breeding. The vast majority of sequence reads (⩾99%) were from the targeted regions. Across 380 individuals and up to 31 amplicons sequenced in each lane of MiSeq data, most amplicons (83 to 87%) had <10% missing data, and read depth had a median of 220-244×. Several strengths of the AmpSeq platform that make this approach of broad interest in diverse crop species include accuracy, flexibility, speed, high-throughput, low-cost and easily automated analysis.
Uniaxial Drawing of Graphene-PVA Nanocomposites: Improvement in Mechanical Characteristics via Strain-Induced Exfoliation of Graphene

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-stabilized graphene nanosheets (GNS) of lateral dimension (L) ~1 μm are obtained via liquid phase exfoliation technique to prepare its composites in the PVA matrix. These composites show low levels of reinforcements due to poor alignment of GNS within the matrix as predicted by the modified Halpin-Tsai model. Drawing these composites up to 200 % strain, a significant improvement in mechanical properties is observed. Maximum values for Young’s modulus and strength are ~×4 and ~×2 higher respectively than that of neat PVA. Moreover, the rate of increase of the modulus with GNS volume fraction is up to 700 GPa, higher than the values predicted using the Halpin-Tsai theory. However, alignment along with strain-induced de-aggregation of GNS within composites accounts well for the obtained results as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization.
Differences in CD8αα and cecal microbiome community during proliferation and late cytolytic phases of Marek's disease virus infection are associated with genetic resistance to Marek's disease

Marek's disease (MD) is an important neoplastic disease of chickens caused by Marek ’ s disease virus (MDV), a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus. In this study using two chicken lines, one resistant and another susceptible to MD, splenic T cells and cecal microbiome were profiled to gain a better understanding of primary differences in these lines. The percent of splenic CD4+ T cells were similar regardless of MDV challenge status in both bird lines. In contrast, CD8αα profiles were different ( P < 0.005) between chicken lines under naive status and under MDV challenge, suggesting that CD8αα T cells play a key role in mediating MDV infection. Microbiome composition was different between naive resistant ( Blautia spp.) and susceptible birds ( Streptococcus spp.) ( P < 0.05) during initial colonization. With MDV challenge, both chicken lines showed lower numbers of beneficial Faecalibacterium spp. and increased number of Lactobacillus spp. Metabolic profiles between naive chicken types were similar but with MDV challenge, there were differences in metabolism in both chicken lines, with amino acid metabolism impacted in resistant birds and lipid metabolism in susceptible birds. These results provide insights into immune response and potential interplay with the microbiome during infection with an oncogenic virus.
A Prospective Observational Study of Patients Receiving Intravenous and Intramuscular Olanzapine in the Emergency Department

Study objective Parenteral olanzapine is an emerging therapy for a variety of conditions in the emergency department (ED). Intramuscular administration is standard; however, intravenous administration has been proposed as a safe alternative route. We investigate the safety and efficacy of both intramuscular and intravenous olanzapine in the ED when used for a variety of indications. Methods This was a prospective observational study of patients presenting to an urban Level I trauma center ED. Trained research associates screened the ED for patients receiving parenteral olanzapine. The primary outcome of the study was incidence of respiratory depression measured with standard markers. Secondary outcomes included use of additional doses or sedatives, corrected QT interval (QTc) data, time to nadir sedation, adverse events, and physician assessment of efficacy. Results There were 784 patients included in the final analysis. Intravenous olanzapine was administered to 295 patients; 489 received intramuscular olanzapine. Respiratory depression occurred in 11 of 295 patients (3.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6% to 5.9%) receiving intravenous olanzapine and 10 of 489 (2.0%; 95% CI 0.8% to 3.3%) receiving intramuscular olanzapine. Seven patients required intubation, 2 in the intravenous group and 5 in the intramuscular group. Nonrespiratory complications occurred in 8 patients, 6 of 295 (2.0%; 95% CI 0.4% to 3.6%) in the intravenous group and 2 of 489 (0.4%; 95% CI 0% to 0.96%) in the intramuscular group. Dysrhythmias were isolated to 2 episodes of bradycardia requiring only supportive care. Conclusion These data suggest that, with proper monitoring, administration of olanzapine, both intramuscular and intravenous, is safe for several indications in the ED.
Evaluation of teaching approach and student learning in a multidisciplinary sustainable engineering course

Abstract Teaching sustainability concepts to multidisciplinary classes of engineering students is challenging due to their diverse background and discipline-specific skill set and the interdisciplinary nature of the sustainability issues at stake. The present study was conducted to understand the challenges and identify opportunities for improving teaching and learning of sustainability in higher education institutions. The case study used for data collection was the Sustainable Engineering and International Development course taught at Iowa State University since 2005. We assessed the students' course content knowledge before and after the course and their perceptions about the overall course, content, and instruction methods. A mixed methods approach consisting of qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey and pre- and post-assessment) techniques was used for the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, explanatory analysis, and multinomial logistic regression. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the qualitative data. The difficulty level of the pre- and post-assessment was low. Application-based questions could be included in the assessment to test beyond the levels of mere comprehension and memorization. Student perceptions about module usefulness exhibited year-to-year variation, which was attributed to the diversity of students enrolled in the course each year. Barriers to learning in a multidisciplinary engineering course included student difficulties working in multidisciplinary teams, course organization, and limited student engagement in projects. The assessment techniques were complementary, aiding in the identification of strategies to improve teaching and learning in multidisciplinary engineering environment.
What Is the Evidence That the Tissue Doppler Index E/e' Reflects Left Ventricular Filling Pressure Changes After Exercise or Pharmacological Intervention for Evaluating Diastolic Function? A Systematic Review.

BackgroundNoninvasive echocardiographic tissue Doppler assessment (E/e′) in response to exercise or pharmacological intervention has been proposed as a useful parameter to assess left ventricular (...
Constraint-aware dynamic truth discovery in big data social media sensing

Social media sensing has emerged as a new big data application paradigm to collect observations and claims about the measured variables in physical environment from common citizens. A fundamental problem in social media sensing applications lies in estimating the evolving truth of claims and the reliability of data sources without knowing either of them a priori, which is referred to as dynamic truth discovery. We identified two critical challenges that are not fully addressed by solutions from current literature. The first challenge is “physical constraint-awareness” where the transition of truth is constrained by some physical rules that must be followed to ensure correct estimation of the evolving truth. The second one is “noisy and incomplete data” where the social media sensing data is sparse in nature and contains a lot of rumors and misinformation, making it difficult to capture the constantly evolving truth of measured variables. In this paper, we developed a new Constraint-Aware Dynamic Truth Discovery (CA-DTD) scheme to address the above challenges. To address the physical constraint-awareness challenge, CA-DTD develops a new constraint-aware Hidden Markov Model to effectively infer the evolving truth of measured variables by incorporating physical constraints. To address the noisy and incomplete data challenge, CA-DTD fuses sensing observations from online social media with information from traditional news media using a principled approach. We evaluate CA-DTD scheme using two real-world social media sensing data traces and the results show that CA-DTD significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines.
Abstract P046: Cardiometabolic Risk Liver Transplant Survivors

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important cause of long-term mortality in liver transplant recipients (LTR). LTR are at increased risk for CHD-related mortality due to exposure to chronic immunosuppression contributing to cardiometabolic risk. Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are important lifestyle management tools used in clinical practice to reduce CHD risk, however, little is known about the long-term effects of these strategies in LTR. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate PA and diet and correlate findings with the atherogenic lipoprofile, obesity and 10-year risk of CHD. Methods: LTR (≥ 2 years post LT; stable immunosuppression) without documented CHD, diabetes, graft cirrhosis, physical limitations, and malignancy were included. PA was quantitated via International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric assessment was used to obtain body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR). NMR Lipoprofile was used to obtain athrogenic lipoprotein concentration and size followed by generic lipid profile. Food preferences were evaluated via Olbrisch Eating Style Questionnaire and Diet History Questionnaire. CHD risk was assessed by Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Results: Of 122 subjects screened, 27 met entry criteria. Most were overweight (N=11) or obese (N=8) with mean BMI 28.5 kg/m 2 ( SD =4.05; range=20.2-37.8) and mean WHR= 0.94 (SD=0.22; range=0.65-1.85). According to IPAQ, 20 patients (75%) were sedentary. Eating style and food preference choices suggested that 23 (85.2%) were unable to control portion sizes and 14 (51.9%) preferred sugar, fat, or starches in their diet. Fasting glucose was 98.8mg/dL ( SD =14.2, range=78-133) suggesting 7 participants were “pre-diabetes” and 2 undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Four reported smoking; of these, one was highly nicotine dependent. FRS was 7.15% (SD=6.15, ranged 7-23). While the calculated total cholesterol 166.44 (SD=34.15), HDL 55.19 (SD=15.31), LDL 84.56 (SD=26.58), and TG 143.44 (SD=76.29)(all in mg/dL) were within normal range, numbers and sizes of lipoprotein particles indicate that LTRs were at moderate risk of CHD: LDL-C 1221.48 (SD+447.31)>1000 nmol/L as reference), small LDL-P 799.81 (SD=489.95) >527nmol/L), LDL-size 20.89 (SD=1.12)>20.5nm, Large VLDL-P 2.93 (SD=4.35) >2.7 nmol/L, and VLDL size 51.07(SD=9.74) >46.6 nm. PA (more time sitting) was associated with higher BMI (r=.394, P Conclusion: LTR are generally inactive and make poor dietary choices which are reflected by the obesity indices and characterized by the atherogenic lipoprofile.
Examining cultural identity and media use as predictors of intentions to seek mental health information among Chinese

Mental health is a stigmatized issue in many parts of the world. We conducted a survey of Chinese adults (n = 661) to examine predictors of intentions to seek information related to mental health. ...
On the Human Right to Health: Statistical Lives, Contingent Persons, and Other Difficult Questions

In ethics and political philosophy, it is not uncommon to distinguish the question of who is a moral agent (one who bears moral responsibility) from the question of who is a moral patient (one to whom moral obligations are owed). The two need not go together: one could be a moral patient but not have moral agency – infant children are a plausible example. In this draft chapter, I examine the allied notion of a human rights patient for the human right to health. I consider two particular questions. First, to what extent should a human right to health focus on identified lives, those whom we have identified as currently in need and who make claims on us, as opposed to statistical lives – the faceless masses who may also need our help just as much? This question sadly comes up all the time for ministries of health – whether to fund an expensive treatment for a sympathetic child who has come forward and demanded the treatment to save his or her life or to invest in programs that distribute less expensive, more quotidian benefits to hundreds of children in need. In particular, I will dwell on how countries like Colombia that have made a right to health justiciable may have tilted spending towards identified lives in a way that is potentially troubling. This discussion will occupy Section I of this chapter. In Section II I will go into even more murky territory and discuss whether a human right to health ought to encompass as its moral patients only those who currently exist, those who certainly will exist but do not yet exist, those whose existence may be contingent on the decisions we make, all of the above, or only some of the above. To give some tangible examples: How should a health care allocator, trying to fulfill a human right to health, make trade-offs between expending resources to prevent a very bad disability (say blindness) in an individual who currently exists versus implementing a program that works on asymptomatic adults but prevents them from transmitting the same bad disability to the children they are about to conceive? This is a trade-off between currently existing lives and lives that are certain to exist but do not yet exist. What if the way that “prevention” is accomplished is by having those women delay getting pregnant (think of the Zika virus) or choosing a sperm donor rather than their romantic partner who is a carrier of the disease? This form of prevention does not prevent a disease for those who do not currently exist but will certainly exist, instead it prevents the disease by changing who comes into existence – a different sperm meets the egg and a different child is born. Call this the question of contingent persons. Does the human right to health treat contingent persons as its moral patients?
Morbidity and mortality of synchronous hepatectomy with cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC)

Background: Liver resection in conjunction with partial colectomy for colon cancer is considered acceptable treatment for isolated metastasis to the liver. This method is unstudied in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for carcinomatosis due to colon cancer and high grade appendiceal cancer. Methods: A retrospective chart review included patients from 2005 to 2016 undergoing CRS/HIPEC. Cancers other than colorectal adenocarcinoma and high grade appendiceal carcinoma were excluded. Patients were divided into hepatectomy and non-hepatectomy groups. Data was collected by chart review from electronic medical records to assess morbidity and mortality, as well as oncologic outcomes of included patients. Results: The average patient age, length of stay, and sex were similar between groups. For those in the hepatectomy group, 80% underwent minor hepatectomy, and 20% underwent major hepatectomy. The comprehensive complication index (CCI) scores ranged from 0 (no complications), to 100 (death). The average CCI between study groups was similar (27.29 vs. 17.41, P=0.09). Hepatectomy was associated with a higher rate of Clavien-Dindo classifications (CDCs) of III or greater. Complications included pressor requirement, renal failure, blood transfusions, TPN, pleural effusions and leaks requiring drain placement, respiratory failure, UTI, new onset atrial fibrillation, wound infections, and death. Conclusions: Patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC and hepatectomy for colorectal and high grade appendiceal carcinomatosis had more severe complications at similar rates to non-hepatectomy patients. Complication rates should be considered when selecting patients for aggressive surgical intervention.
Paleocurrents and Dispersal

Between the production of sand and its deposition and diagenesis is its dispersal. Questions we can ask about dispersal concern possible modifications imprinted on the sand by the transport process (textural and compositional changes due to abrasion and sorting), the agent of transport, and the distance and direction of transport.
Sequence Analysis of a Third Human SAA Gene

A candidate for the human SAA3 gene has been cloned and characterized. The sequence derived from this clone (HDgl-1) for amino acids 1–12 most closely resembles that of rabbit SAA3 with which it has 75% identity, compared to 25% identity with the corresponding sequences in human SAAl and SAA2. In the region spanning exon 3—exon 4, however, HDgl-1 and the human SAAl and SAA2 genes are 87% homologous. The exon 3 sequence of HDg1-1, as well as the exon 3 sequence of this gene in four unrelated individuals, was found to have an “extra” base which would distrupt the appropriate reading frame for SAA and generate a premature stop codon. In addition, no mRNA corresponding to the HDgl-1 sequence has been detected. These data point to the possibility that the SAA3 gene may not be expressed in humans.
Introduction: Obeying and Disobeying

In the introduction, the authors account for traditional understandings of “obedience as decorum” and “obedience as deference to power.” These models, they suggest, no longer characterize linguistic obedience in 2018, when far-right bloggers, troll armies, and the US President style themselves as underdog insurgents, despite having immediate access to the levers of political power. The focus is on how the free market in linguistic disfiguration, legitimated since the 1990s by self-appointed language experts, turns the incentive to speak in civically destructive ways into a lucrative political economy. The authors accordingly define linguistic disobedience as those practices of language care, critique, and correction that—amid such a political economy of incentivized disfiguration—forgo the spoils of everyday interactional domination, in pursuit of better, more just contributions.
Preparing healthcare delivery organizations for managing computable knowledge.

Introduction The growth of data science has led to an explosion in new knowledge alongside various approaches to representing and sharing biomedical knowledge in computable form. These changes have not been matched by an understanding of what healthcare delivery organizations need to do to adapt and continuously deploy computable knowledge. It is therefore important to begin to conceptualize such changes in order to facilitate routine and systematic application of knowledge that improves the health of individuals and populations. Methods An AHRQ-funded conference convened a group of experts from a range of fields to analyze the current state of knowledge management in healthcare delivery organizations and describe how it needs to evolve to enable computable knowledge management. Presentations and discussions were recorded and analyzed by the author team to identify foundational concepts and new domains of healthcare delivery organization knowledge management capabilities. Results Three foundational concepts include 1) the current state of knowledge management in healthcare delivery organizations relies on an outdated biomedical library model, and only a small number of organizations have developed enterprise-scale knowledge management approaches that "push" knowledge in computable form to frontline decisions, 2) the concept of Learning Health Systems creates an imperative for scalable computable knowledge management approaches, and 3) the ability to represent data science discoveries in computable form that is FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) is fundamental to spread knowledge at scale. For healthcare delivery organizations to engage with computable knowledge management at scale, they will need new organizational capabilities across three domains: policies and processes, technology, and people. Examples of specific capabilities were developed. Conclusions Healthcare delivery organizations need to substantially scale up and retool their knowledge management approaches in order to benefit from computable biomedical knowledge.
Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Assessments and OPIc Ratings of Oral Proficiency in French

The present study analyzed the self-assessed spoken French language abilities that students said they ‘can do’ in relation to the ACTFL proficiency scores they received on an oral proficiency interview by computer (OPIc). A secondary aim was to assess different scales that have been used to convert OPIc ratings to numeric scores.
Another generalization of Carathéodory's theorem

Abstract : When P is a d-dimensional convex polytope with vertex-set V, the term V-simplex to denote a d-simplex whose vertices all belong to V is used. When k = 0 the theorem is Caratheodory's and when k = d-1 it is a slight sharpening of Goodearl's conjecture.
Assessing the African American Child and Adolescent: Special Considerations and Assessment of Behavioral Disorders

African American youth are unduly impacted by a number of societal factors that place them at a higher risk of developing behavioral disorders. However, when assessing behavioral disorders in African American children, there are several factors that must be taken into consideration. This chapter begins by discussing cultural factors and other considerations (i.e., respondent biases, cultural appropriateness) important to the assessment context and process. Further, the most common methods for assessing behavioral disorders in African American youth are examined, with an emphasis on behavior rating scales. The current review not only includes mainstream measures, but also evaluates a rating scale designed to be culturally responsive to the unique experiences of African American youth (i.e., BACAH). In each case, psychometric properties of the scale are included, as well as a critique of the utility of each measure for use with African Americans, including strengths, limitations, and special considerations for each battery. The chapter concludes with recommendations for those in the field committed to the culturally informed assessment of behavioral disorders among African American youth.
Immunotherapy of Melanoma: Facts and Hopes

Melanoma is among the most sensitive of malignancies to immune modulation. Although multiple trials conducted over decades with vaccines, cytokines and cell therapies demonstrated meaningful responses in a small subset of patients with metastatic disease, a true increase in overall survival within a randomized phase 3 trial was not observed until the development of anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab). Further improvements in overall survival for metastatic disease were observed with the anti-PD-1-based therapies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) as single agents or combined with ipilimumab. A lower bound for expected five-year survival for metastatic melanoma is currently approximately 35% and could be as high as 50% for the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination among patients who would meet criteria for clinical trials. Moreover, a substantial fraction of long-term survivors will likely remain progression-free without continued treatment. The hope and major challenge for the future is to understand the immunobiology of tumors with primary or acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 and to develop effective immune therapies tailored to individual patient subsets not achieving long-term clinical benefit. Additional goals include optimal integration of immune therapy with non-immune therapies, the development and validation of predictive biomarkers in the metastatic setting, improved prognostic and predictive biomarkers for the adjuvant setting, understanding mechanisms of and decreasing toxicity, and optimizing the duration of therapy.
Effects of guided mindfulness meditation on anxiety and stress in a pre-healthcare college student population: a pilot study

Objective: To identify the effects of guided mindfulness meditation on anxiety and stress in pre-healthcare college students. Participants: Students (n = 33, age 19–22 years) were tested between Se...
PERIPHERAL MODULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS INVOLVED IN DRINKING AND EATING

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses peripheral modulation of hypothalamic neurons involved in drinking and eating. The lateral preoptic area (LPA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) are involved in the neural control of ingestion. Both the LPA and LH contain cells that are affected by changes in the internal milieu and severe deficits in ingestion occur following their destruction. Activity of cells in the LPA–LH is highly correlated with peripheral stimulation associated with the changes in drinking. Neurons in the LPA–LH are particularly sensitive to gastric water infusion and distension within a time period during which changes in drinking would normally occur. Also, neurons in this region are also affected by electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve, which might be related to normal gastrointestinal afferent activation. The sensory inputs to the LPA–LH motor control system, which is involved in eating and drinking and the maintenance of schedule induced polydipsia, are only partially destroyed by mid-LH lesions and the more posterior lesions produce a more complete peripheral afferent input destruction and result in more drastic effects.
What Promotes Surgeon Practice Change? A Scoping Review of Innovation Adoption in Surgical Practice.

Objective The goal of this scoping review was to summarize the literature on facilitators and barriers to surgical practice change. This information can inform research to implement best practices and evaluate new surgical innovations. Background In an era of accelerated innovations, surgeons face the difficult decision to either acknowledge and implement or forgo new advances. Although changing surgical practice to align with evidence is an imperative of health systems, evidence-based guidelines have not translated into consistent change. The literature on practice change is limited and has largely focused on synthesizing information on methods and trials to evaluate innovative surgical interventions. No reviews to date have grounded their analysis within an implementation science framework. Methods A systematic review of the literature on surgical practice change was performed. Abstracts and full-text articles were reviewed for relevance using inclusion and exclusion criteria and data were extracted from each article. Cited facilitators and barriers were then mapped across domains within the implementation science Theoretical Domains Framework and expanded to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model. Results Components of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model were represented across the Theoretical Domains Framework domains and acted as both facilitators and barriers to practice change depending on the circumstances. Domains that most affected surgical practice change, in order, were: opportunity (environmental context and resources and social influences), capability (knowledge and skills), and motivation (beliefs about consequences and reinforcement). Conclusions Practice change is predicated on a conducive environment with adequate resources, but once that is established, the surgeon's individual characteristics, including skills, motivation, and reinforcement determine the likelihood of successful change. Deficiencies in the literature underscore the need for further study of resource interventions and the role of surgical team dynamics in the adoption of innovation. A better understanding of these areas is needed to optimize our ability to disseminate and implement best practices in surgery.
Current and Future Damage Management at the National Ignition Facility

We have previously shown that most of the laser-induced damage which occurs at the National Ignition Facility’s (NIF) Grading Debris Shields (GDS) is due to energetic, micron-scale particles generated by the laser interacting with other parts of the beamline. In this work we will review the mitigation strategies devised with an emphasis on the implementation and testing of a Fused Silica Debris Shield (FSDS). The preliminary results from the initial online test suggest that we are approaching intrinsic (debris free) damage levels where fluence distributions once again dominate initiation rates. We will explore the challenge of future projections of damage initiation and optics lifetime where we will need to model the maximum fluence at each location on an optic (i.e. Max-of-N) and how it increases with shot number.
Open-Source Antenna Pattern Validation using FEKO

An open-source antenna pattern measurement system comprised of software-defined radios (SDRs), standard PVC tubing, and 3-D printer components measures the radiation patterns of student-built prototype antennas. Position control is realized using an Arduino microcontroller. Measured principal plane gain patterns for two antenna prototypes are compared to (FEKO) simulated results. The low-cost, open-source nature of the measurement system is ideal for undergraduate-level investigation of antenna theory and measurement.
How do low-income commuters get to work in US and Mexican cities? A comparative empirical assessment:

This paper applies multinomial logit models to examine how metropolitan urban form, housing type and socioeconomic factors covary with individuals’ commute mode choice for 1.2 million low-income wo...
Visual acuity, refractive error, and regression outcomes in 169 children with high myopia who were implanted with Ophtec-Artisan or Visian phakic IOLs.

Purpose To analyze outcomes in a large cohort of spectacle-aversive children with high myopia who were treated by implantation of the Ophtec-Artisan or Visian phakic intraocular lens (pIOL). Methods Outcome data were collated retrospectively in 78 children (115 eyes) implanted with the Ophtec-Artisan iris-enclaved anterior chamber pIOL and 91 children (154 eyes) implanted with the Visian ICL (intraocular collamer lens) sulcus pIOL. All children had difficulties with spectacle or contact lens wear. Mean age at surgery was 9.9 years; mean follow-up was 3.9 years (range, 0.6-14.1 years). Results A total of 248 of 269 eyes (92%) were corrected to within ± 0.5 D of their target value. Spherical correction averaged 12.3 ± 1.0 D. Refractive spherical regression was −0.04 D/year at last follow-up. Uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from an average logMAR 1.8 to 0.4; corrected distance visual acuity improved an average 0.3 logMAR. Of the treated children, 68% had a gain in binocular fusion. Neurobehavioral and/or visuomotor comorbidities were present in 87% of children. Five eyes (2%) developed retinal detachment an average 6 years after implantation. Nine eyes (3%) implanted with the Ophtec-Artisan pIOL required repositioning after trauma. Conclusions Implantation of pIOLs in children is an effective method for correcting high myopia in spectacle noncompliant children. Rates of myopic regression after pIOL surgery are substantially lower than those reported for children treated by excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The prevalence of major complications was relatively low in this high-risk population.
29.1 A 40nm 64Kb 56.67TOPS/W Read-Disturb-Tolerant Compute-in-Memory/Digital RRAM Macro with Active-Feedback-Based Read and In-Situ Write Verification

As memory-centric workloads (AI, graph-analytics) continue to gain momentum, technology solutions that provide higher on-die memory capacity/bandwidth can provide scalability beyond SRAM. Resistive RAM (RRAM) owing to (1) higher bit-density (2-4× of SRAM), (2) CMOS process/voltage compatibility, (3) nano-second read (RD) and (4) non-volatility has emerged as a promising candidate [1]. In spite of early prototypes, several technology challenges remain, and need to be addressed through circuittechnology co-design [1]. This paper presents a 64Kb RRAM macro supporting: (1) a programmable (1 to 9) number of row-accesses (N) to enable vector-matrix multiplication (referred to as compute-in-memory, or CIM) for a target algorithm-level inference-accuracy [2] –[8], (2) voltage-based RD with active feedback, advancing the state-of-the-art current-based RD, targeted for the low ratio between the high-resistancestate (HRS) and low-resistance-state (LRS) in typical RRAM, (3) RD-disturb tolerance under RRAM drift, through embedded RD-disturb monitor and write (WR)-back and (4) in-situ WR verification to enable a tight resistance distribution.
Treating breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

ABSTRACT Each year, hundreds of thousands of women undergo aesthetic or reconstructive breast implant surgery. Clinicians and patients must be aware of the benefits and risks of this surgery. Recently, the FDA suggested a recall of certain textured breast implants because of a link between these implants and a rare form of lymphoma, now referred to as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). This malignancy has an indolent course and an excellent prognosis when detected and treated early. This article reviews BIA-ALCL, addresses public safety advisories, and emphasizes protocol that all clinicians should follow when encountering a patient with textured breast implants.
Dynamic Brachial Artery Entrapment After Distal Biceps Repair: A Case Report.

Case A 57-year-old man presented with paleness and coolness of the hand with elbow flexion 4 months after primary distal biceps repair. Diagnosis of dynamic brachial artery entrapment was confirmed with ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Angiography. During revision surgery, the brachial artery was identified traveling underneath the repaired distal biceps tendon. After revision surgery, the patient made a full recovery with no residual symptoms. Conclusion Adverse vascular events have been rarely reported in distal biceps repairs. Before and immediately after repair, the path of the tendon should be critically evaluated to ensure neurovascular structures were not placed under the repaired tendon.
Debris Propogation Following a Spacecraft Mishap at the Collinear Earth-Moon Lagrange Points

The theoretical analysis of the motion of space debris generated by a catastrophic spacecraft mishap in the vicinity of the Earth-Moon Lagrange points L 1 and L 2 is presented with a focus on the potential debris risks to notional cislunar spacecraft. The research develops a model for the masses and velocities of particles generated by a catastrophic spacecraft mishap, utilizes a four-body trajectory model to propagate the resulting debris, then applies a probabilistic survivability model to quantify risks to notional spacecraft in a variety of initial cislunar orbits. These notional spacecraft include NASA's proposed Lunar Gateway, a spacecraft near L 1 , a spacecraft near L 2 , and a spacecraft conducting a low-energy transfer to the Moon. Overall, the risks are very low, but potentially problematic accumulation of debris was observed near the Moon and in the manifolds of the Earth-Moon system, especially when the mishap occurs at L 1 . Overall, research into collinear Lagrange point debris enhances operational planning for future Lagrange point space missions and understanding of the debris-related consequences of mishaps in cislunar space.
Tips for Building a Community for Incoming Medical Students Virtually in the COVID-19 Era.

A sense of community benefits medical trainees by preserving mental well-being, nurturing collegiality and mentorship, and grounding ties with partnering organizations and services. Within medical school, building these support relationships often begins shortly after matriculation. In the current pandemic and the accompanying shift to a virtual class format, we believe that a dedicated effort to foster this sense of community is crucial for students who otherwise may feel untethered to their new learning environment. Here, we detail tips for building a medical school community virtually in the COVID-19 era between peers, within the school institution, and within the surrounding environment. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-021-01447-z.
Physical and Occupational Therapy

Those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant and related treatment are at risk for significant deconditioning and loss of overall functional abilities. The use of physical activity, in the form of both aerobic and strengthening, has been shown to be effective in the prevention and remediation of loss of strength, cancer-related fatigue, loss of cognitive functioning, and decreased quality of life. Rehabilitation services, primarily occupational and physical therapies, are beneficial members of the treatment team and are able to assist with return of function using a variety of techniques including engagement in physical activity.
Effects of Bicarbonate on Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Replacement of Gaseous CO2 Atmosphere

The effect of NaHCO3 on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures was studied in a liquid and a semisolid growth medium. With a broth culture, NaHCO3 (0.009 M) greatly reduced the lag phase and also increased the total growth. The same concentration of bicarbonate supported rapid growth when added to the semisolid medium if the plates were individually incubated in sealed plastic bags. In a container with a large air space, a higher concentration of NaHCO3 was necessary to support growth. The assimilation of 14C-labeled NaHo3 by growing cultures was also investigated.
The metaphors of radiation

Abstract There exists in contemporary North American culture an abundance of metaphorical references to nuclear technology. These metaphors participate in an overall “nuclearization” of life. Here I analyze nuclear metaphors from a feminist viewpoint, specifically: slang terms and everyday images—nuclear fashion; images that link nuclear technology to sexuality—“nuclear fashion”; and images that mythicize/divinize nuclear technology—“nuclear fundamentalism.” I critique not only the ways in which these metaphors support the nuclearist status quo, but also the ways in which they are based in patriarchal ideology and conclude by suggesting ways that feminists can develop a strategy of “psychic activisim,” using word and image power to counteract patriarchal/nuclearist reality. I examine three specific metaphors, the Gossip, Gorgon, and Crone as well as the transformative potential of gynocentric nuclear metaphor found in the theoretical writings of Native American women.
THE EFFECT OF WIND SPEED ON DISPERSAL OF SPLASH-BORNE XANTHOMONAS CITRI subsp. CITRI AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES DOWNWIND OF CANKER-INFECTED GRAPEFRUIT TREES

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), which causes citrus canker, is a major pathogen of grapefruit and other canker-susceptible citrus species and cultivars grown in Florida and elsewhere. It is dispersed by rain splash, and wind promotes the dispersal of the pathogen. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between wind speed and the number of bacteria dispersed downwind in rain splash at different heights and distances. Wind (up to 20 m sec-1) was generated using a fan, and rain simulated using sprayer nozzles. A negative exponential function described the relationship between height and the bacteria flux density (BFD, bacteria cm-2 min-1), with a rapid decline in mean BFD of Xcc collected at greater heights (P = <0.0001-0.3838, R2= 0.56 - 1.00). A power function described the relationship between distance and BFD of Xcc collected at most heights and wind speeds (P=0.049 - <0.0001, R2 = 0.78- 1.00). A multiple regression analysis based on wind speed, height and distance suggested predictability of the proportion of the total BFD of Xcc collected downwind of the simulated wind-rain system (F=49, P<0.0001, R2= 0.46). Crop management options to reduce sources of inoculum and the wind speed in orchards are discussed.