cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential Drug—Disease Interactions in Frail, Hospitalized Elderly Veterans

BACKGROUND:Drugs can improve quality of life for many older people, but they may cause adverse health outcomes (eg, drug—disease interactions) if used inappropriately.OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of potential drug—disease interactions as defined by explicit criteria and examine associations between sociodemographic and health status variables and potential drug—disease interactions.METHODS:The study design was cross-sectional. We evaluated 397 frail elderly inpatients from the Geriatric Evaluation and Management trial conducted at 11 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Drug—disease interactions were defined using explicit criteria from consensus expert panels of geriatricians from the US and Canada.RESULTS:Overall, 159 (40.1%) patients had one or more potential drug—disease interaction. The most common potential interactions were calcium-channel blockers and heart failure (12.3%) and β-blockers and diabetes (6.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that age ⩾75 years (adjusted OR ...
Factors determining forward voltage drop in the field-terminated diode (FTD)

Recently, there has been a revival of interest in a device first introduced in the early sixties and called the "gridistor" and currently referred to as the "FTD." The FTD offers the promise of low forward drop of the SCR together with the higher switching speeds and freedom from dV/dt and di/dt problems of the transistor. However, other than a great deal of speculation, relatively little is known about the internal operation of the FTD, an extremely complex device which has features of its behavior separately resembling the J-FET, the rectifier, and the thyristor. In this paper, the FTD structure in both its buried grid and planar forms will be analyzed using an exact numerical solution of the full set of semiconductor device equations in two dimensions. The focus of the analysis will be on gaining an understanding of the device operation in the forward-conduction mode and using this to generate a set of guidelines for optimum device design. The guidelines will be made under the important consideration of meeting a forward-blocking capability since the specification of the latter strongly influences the design.
A Survey of the Nutritional Status of Adults and Children Using the Learning Disability Services of a Health Trust

A survey of the body mass indices (BMIs) of 101 child and adult users of the learning disability services of a Health Trust in the UK was carried out. It was found that 61.3 percent of the children and 27.1 percent of the adults were underweight, with BMIs below 20. Being underweight was associated with profound and multiple disability, the need for food supplements, a history of difficulty in maintaining body weight, and carers’ perception that the individual was difficult to give food or drink to. A significant difference was found between the BMIs of children and adults. No difference was found between the sexes or between full-time and short-term users of health services. A discussion of the possible implications of the findings and indications for future research is given.
A dynamic token-based distributed mutual exclusion algorithm

The authors present a dynamic token-based mutual exclusion algorithm for distributed systems. In the algorithm, a site invoking mutual exclusion sends token request messages to a set of sites possibly holding the token as opposed to all the sites as in the algorithm proposed by I. Suzuki and T. Kasami (1985). A request set is used to record the identifiers of such a set of sites in the system. The algorithm is dynamic because the request set is dynamically changed as the algorithm is executed. As the size of the request set is reduced, the number of the messages exchanged per critical section (CS) execution is reduced. Compared with Suzuki and Kasami's algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce the number of the messages exchanged by 40% when the traffic is light. Finally, the authors discuss relationship between the token-based and non-token-based mutual exclusion algorithms. This relationship motivated the authors to design such a dynamic token-based algorithm. >
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke May Be Safely Performed With No Time Window Limit in Appropriately Selected Patients

Background and Purpose—The traditional time window for acute ischemic stroke intra-arterial therapy (IAT) is 6 hours (late). Results—Fifty-five patients (mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale=19.7±5.7) were treated, 34 early and 21 late, with mean time-to-i...
Constructing a Social Problem: The Post‐Divorce Plight of Women and Children

Murray Edelman, the political theorist, has recently suggested that social problems are constructs--that damaging social conditions become social problems only when they are perceived and advertised as such in public discourse. He cites the example of poverty, which today is accepted as a social problem but which throughout human history has been regarded as part of the natural order. Destructive social conditions become social problems, Edelman argues, because they reinforce the ideology of some substantial part of the population.' The failure of the divorce system to provide adequately for dependent women and their children after divorce is, I suggest, an excellent illustration of this phenomenon. To the extent that we have bothered to collect any data on the issues, our records show that women have always received an inadequate portion of the accumulated marital resources on divorce and minimal--or no-alimony.2 In addition, the level of child support received
Satellite observations and NCOM assessment of the Mississippi-Louisiana-Texas coast following hurricanes Gustav and Ike

In 2008, two major category 2 hurricanes impacted the northern Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane Gustav made a landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana on September 1, and Hurricane Ike at Galveston, Texas on September 13. Both surface and subsurface changes of sea states caused by these hurricanes were captured by remote sensing. Measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) from MODIS and chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration from SeaWiFS after Gustav and Ike showed evidence of upper-ocean cooling along their tracks and, subsequently, an increase in Chla concentration that is normally not present in the oligotrophic waters of the Gulf of Mexico. In particular, phytoplankton blooms were observed by SeaWiFS in the south of Atchafalaya Bay after Gustav and in the Louisiana Bight west of Mississippi bird-foot delta after Ike. Ike caused large-scale flooding east of Galveston, and plumes of high Chla region near river outlets of western Louisiana coast appeared in SeaWiFS data a few weeks later. Moreover, cloud-free weather in late September afforded true-color imagery from MODIS showing estuarine discharge plumes, sediment transport, and shelf eddies along the Louisiana and Texas coast. These important surface/subsurface phenomena triggered by the hurricanes cannot be understood by remote sensing alone. The high-resolution (∼2km) Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) developed for Mississippi-Louisiana-Texas (MsLaTex) coast provided additional information, such as sea surface height, degree of vertical stratification, and 3D ocean current vectors, to examine the coastal water responses to hurricanes. We use NCOM to explain physical conditions that caused the plankton blooms and other unusual shelf dynamics after hurricanes Gustav and Ike in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
The pole tide and its effect on GRACE time-variable gravity measurements: Implications for estimates of surface mass variations

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) provides monthly solutions for the Earth's gravity field in the form of spherical harmonic coefficients. These can be used to infer changes in mass at the Earth's surface. The pole tide (the response of the Earth and oceans to polar motion) causes gravity signals dominated by harmonics of degree 2, order 1. If the pole tide is not removed from GRACE data, it affects the coefficients of those harmonics (C21, S21) and introduces errors when using those coefficients to determine surface mass variations. The pole tide is partially removed by GRACE processing centers before solving for the gravity field. But long-period pole tide signals are not usually included in the GRACE pole tide correction, and so those signals are still present in the GRACE coefficients. We discuss this issue from the standpoint of somebody who uses the GRACE gravity fields to infer changes in surface mass. We arrive at a recommendation for an optimal GRACE pole tide correction. We describe how to modify the C21, S21 coefficients provided by the processing centers, so that they conform with our recommendation. We discuss the size of the pole tide contributions to C21, S21, compared to those of the direct load-induced contributions. As an example, we show how an incompletely removed pole tide can impact GRACE results for the trend in ocean mass. We consider the impact of mantle anelasticity on long-period pole tide corrections and conclude that it is unlikely to affect those corrections by more than 20%.
PROFILES IN QUITTING: INTEGRATING PROCESS AND CONTENT TURNOVER THEORY

Process models of turnover focus on how people quit; content models focus on why. To integrate these approaches and test whether motives relate systematically to decision processes, we classified 1...
A chaotic view of behavior change: a quantum leap for health promotion

Background The study of health behavior change, including nutrition and physical activity behaviors, has been rooted in a cognitive-rational paradigm. Change is conceptualized as a linear, deterministic process where individuals weigh pros and cons, and at the point at which the benefits outweigh the cost change occurs. Consistent with this paradigm, the associated statistical models have almost exclusively assumed a linear relationship between psychosocial predictors and behavior. Such a perspective however, fails to account for non-linear, quantum influences on human thought and action. Consider why after years of false starts and failed attempts, a person succeeds at increasing their physical activity, eating healthier or losing weight. Or, why after years of success a person relapses. This paper discusses a competing view of health behavior change that was presented at the 2006 annual ISBNPA meeting in Boston.
Geometric distributions for catadioptric sensor design

Catadioptric sensors are visual sensors that employ lenses (dioptrics) and mirrors (catoptrics). We present a general method of catadioptric sensor design for realizing prescribed projections. Our method makes use of geometric distributions in. 3-dimensional space, which are generalizations of vector fields. The main idea is this: if one desires a reflective surface that will image the world in a certain way, then this condition determines the orientation of the tangent planes to the surface. Analytically, this means that the surface will then be determined by a pair of partial differential equations, which may or may not have a common solution. We show how to check if a common solution exists. If no common solution exists, we describe a method for obtaining optimal approximate solutions in a least-squares sense. As an example application, we construct a mirror that will give a panoramic view of a scene without any digital unwarping.
Blood clotting problems in the artificial heart devices

The clotting problem inside the artificial heart device is one of the major obstacles standing in the way of a successful long-term implantation of the artificial heart. To date, there have been two artificial heart devices used clinically. One is the auxiliary ventricle and the other is the left heart bypass pump. The former is for permanent implantation and the other is implanted only temporarily. Several experimental results which had contributed to the successful implantation of the auxiliary ventricle are described, especially from the standpoint of avoiding the clotting inside the device. Basic experiments with the left heart bypass pump are also described. The valves are the foremost problem and the next is the junction of the two materials. It is ideal to have a smooth, seamless surface made entirely of one material. It is also necessary to have a flow pattern analysis inside the artificial heart device as well as a clotting pattern analysis. Since the pump oxygenator and heparinization are involved in the procedure, the clotting problems in the total heart experiment are usually less than in the left heart bypass experiments. Our most urgent requirement is the development of new antithrombogenic material. However, even with our present material a large part of the clotting could be avoided if the heart is carefully constructed.
A Shapley Value Analysis of the Proposed Canadian Constitutional Amendment Scheme

The interactions of a group of non-identical voting units may be studied by applying the concept of the Shapley value from n -person co-operative game theory. In this theory one assumes that voting units, or players, may form coalitions of various kinds in order to achieve success in the game, and one may assign a “value” to each such coalition based on what it can accomplish against arbitrary coalitions of the remaining players. The relative value of an individual player is calculated by considering how much he brings to each coalition he might join, that is, by how much the value of that coalition increases because of his membership, and summing this figure over all coalitions of which he could be a part.
Methylation of histone H3K23 blocks DNA damage in pericentric heterochromatin during meiosis

Despite the well-established role of heterochromatin in protecting chromosomal integrity during meiosis and mitosis, the contribution and extent of heterochromatic histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) remain poorly defined. Here, we gained novel functional insight about heterochromatic PTMs by analyzing histone H3 purified from the heterochromatic germline micronucleus of the model organism Tetrahymena thermophila. Mass spectrometric sequencing of micronuclear H3 identified H3K23 trimethylation (H3K23me3), a previously uncharacterized PTM. H3K23me3 became particularly enriched during meiotic leptotene and zygotene in germline chromatin of Tetrahymena and C. elegans. Loss of H3K23me3 in Tetrahymena through deletion of the methyltransferase Ezl3p caused mislocalization of meiosis-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to heterochromatin, and a decrease in progeny viability. These results show that an evolutionarily conserved developmental pathway regulates H3K23me3 during meiosis, and our studies in Tetrahymena suggest this pathway may function to protect heterochromatin from DSBs.
Sleep Enhances Plasticity in the Developing Visual Cortex

During a critical period of brain development, occluding the vision of one eye causes a rapid remodeling of the visual cortex and its inputs. Sleep has been linked to other processes thought to depend on synaptic remodeling, but a role for sleep in this form of cortical plasticity has not been demonstrated. We found that sleep enhanced the effects of a preceding period of monocular deprivation on visual cortical responses, but wakefulness in complete darkness did not do so. The enhancement of plasticity by sleep was at least as great as that produced by an equal amount of additional deprivation. These findings demonstrate that sleep and sleep loss modify experience-dependent cortical plasticity in vivo. They suggest that sleep in early life may play a crucial role in brain development.
Marriage, Transsexuals, and the Meaning of Sex: On Doma, Full Faith and Credit, and Statutory Interpretation

Recent high-profile cases regarding the validity of marriage involving transitioned transsexuals highlight the differences among the states with respect to how to define sex. In some but not all states, transitioned transsexuals may marry individuals of their chromosomal sex. Potential difficulties arise when transsexuals who have validly married in one state wish to travel through or move to another state, since it is not clear whether those marriages must be recognized. It is also unclear whether the Defense of Marriage Act speaks to this issue and, if so, what it says. Ultimately, the Court will have to address these issues and decide whether the right to marry really is a fundamental right protected by the Constitution.
Beyond Provisions: The Relationship Between Poverty Status and Parenting Among Single Mothers

Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1997 (NLSY-97), this research provides a descriptive portrait of the relationship between poverty and parenting among single mothers of adolescent children. This research contributes to our understanding of how strongly and consistently poverty status relates to various parenting dimensions, including parenting style, monitoring, relationship quality, and limit-setting. This study extends prior work by focusing on within group variation of parenting of single-mother family structures, and including non-poor single mothers in the analyses. Using multinomial logistic and OLS regression, results indicate poverty status is unrelated to the style, relationship quality, and monitoring of single mothers, but it is moderately related to greater involvement in limit-setting. Overall, the experience of poverty does not appear negatively related to the parenting of single mothers. These results indicate poor single mothers appear to manage their parental strategies equally well compared to non-poor single mothers.
An Illustration of Legal Development—The Passing of the Doctrine of Riparian Rights

Contemporary with the recent and very rapid industrial development of the United States has been observed an unexampled liberality of juristic thought. Especially has the process of settlement and industrialization of the West been pervaded by certain unusual social and economic influences, and likewise has been comparatively free from that judicial conservatism prevalent during the periods of colonization and settlement of the eastern and central portions of the country. Extremely dynamic forces, finding their origin in the manner of settlement, the physical characteristics of the country, and the personal attributes of the population, readily developed what may be termed specialized forms of social and legal institutions. As economic and political factors have become adjusted and a stable social poise has been approached, some of the diverging branches of the new sociopolitical life of the West have been pruned back to antecedent form, but others have become component parts of a permanent organization. Incident to the perpetuation of an unusual industrial structure, there have come about the development of new legal concepts which have assumed special relation to property rights in natural resources. This was possible only upon the abrogation of common law precedents and the renunciation of doctrines formerly conceded to be fundamental in American practice.
Decision-making and safety in anesthesiology.

Purpose of review Anesthesiologists work in a complex environment that is intolerant of errors. Cognitive errors, or errors in thought processes, are mistakes that a clinician makes despite 'knowing better'. Several new studies provide a better understanding of how to manage risk while making better decisions. Recent findings Heuristics, or mental shortcuts, allow physicians to make decisions quickly and efficiently but may be responsible for errors in diagnosis and treatment. Using simple 'decision-making checklists' can help healthcare providers to make the correct decisions by monitoring their own thought processes. Anesthesiologists can adopt risk assessment tools that were originally developed for use by pilots to determine the hazards associated with a particular clinical management strategy. Summary Effective decision-making and risk management reduce the risk of adverse events in the operating room. This article proposes several new decision-making and risk assessment tools for use in the operating room.
College Students’ Appreciative Attitudes Toward Atheists

Atheists are often marginalized in discussions of religious and spiritual pluralism on college campuses and beyond. As with other minority worldview groups, atheists face challenges with hostile campus climates and misunderstanding of their views. The present study used a large, multi-institutional sample to explore predictors of non-atheist college students’ appreciative attitudes toward atheists. Substantial differences were found across identities; secular and spiritual worldview groups hold the most positive views, whereas Christians and Muslims have the most negative attitudes. Interactions with worldview diversity—but not general religious/spiritual engagement—consistently predict more positive attitudes, and these relationships sometimes vary based on students’ own worldviews. These results suggest that colleges and universities can create more inclusive environments for atheists, who constitute a sizable minority group on today’s college campuses.
Study on a Rapid,High Efficient DNA Extraction Method

DNA extraction is an important step in molecular assays.A rapid,high efficient method for extracting DNA is a major bottleneck for molecular studies requiring large amount of DNA samples.The traditional method was improved in this study.The plates of 96 connected tubes were used instead of separated tubes.The tissue was frozen and dried,then was ground instead of using liquid nitrogen.Multiple-pipettes and CTAB method were used to extract DNA for the method.The DNA of wheat seedling leaves was extracted according to this method as an example in this study.The DNA samples were amplified by 6 pairs of primers and PCR products were analyzed in an ABI PRISM 3730 DNA Analyzer for testing the quality of DNA samples.The results showed that the PCR products had high intensity.For the results amplified by the 6 pairs of primers,the highest range of intensity was 6 935～16 786 RFU in 98% of all tested samples,the lowest range of intensity was 532～1 111 RFU in 93% of all tested samples.The lowest intensity of all DNA samples amplified by all of the primers was 205 RFU.The average percentage of missing data was only 0.8%.According to this method,one person can extract about 1 000 DNA samples per day.Thus,the DNA extraction method in this study is a rapid,high efficient method for extracting high quality DNA.
Recent Advances in Bronchoscopic Treatment of Peripheral Lung Cancers

The detection of peripheral lung nodules is increasing because of the expanded use of CT imaging and implementation of lung cancer screening recommendations. Although surgical resection of malignant nodules remains the treatment modality of choice at present, many patients are not surgical candidates, thus prompting the need for other therapeutic options. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and percutaneous thermal ablation are emerging as viable alternatives to surgical resection. For safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness purposes, however, alternative bronchoscopic methods for treatment of peripheral lung cancer are currently under active exploration. We searched the Cochrane Library and MEDLINE from 1990 to 2015 to provide the most comprehensive review of bronchoscopic treatment of malignant lung nodules. We used the following search terms: bronchoscopy, lung nodule, peripheral lung lesion, and bronchoscopic treatment. We focused on peripheral pulmonary nodules that are confirmed or highly likely to be malignant. Seventy-one articles were included in this narrative review. We have provided an overview of advanced bronchoscopic modalities that have been used or are under active investigation for definitive treatment of malignant pulmonary nodules. We have concisely discussed the use of direct intratumoral chemotherapy or gene therapies, transbronchial brachytherapy, bronchoscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA), placement of markers to guide real time-radiation and surgery, cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. We have also briefly reported on emerging technologies such as vapor ablation of lung parenchyma for lung cancers. Advances in bronchoscopic therapy will bring additional treatment options to patients with peripheral lung malignancies, with putative advantages over other minimally invasive modalities.
The game ontology project: supporting learning while contributing authentically to game studies

Learning research has argued the importance of providing authentic contexts for learning. However, traditional learning environments are often disconnected from external communities of practice. For example, students might design and carry out scientific experiments that are valuable pedagogically, but do not contribute to science itself. In this study, we used the Game Ontology Project (GOP), a wiki-enabled hierarchy of elements of gameplay used by games studies researchers, in a game design class. Students found it useful for learning. However, encouraging sustained participation was challenging because students tended to view the GOP as a static source, rather than a participatory and editable resource. Expert analysis of the student's contributions to the ontology found them to be useful and significant. We conclude with thoughts on the importance of these kinds of authentic environments in traditional learning.
Testicuiar steroidogenesis in the baboon papio anubis

Abstract We recently reported that the baboon testis converts pregnenolone to testosterone through the delta-4 pathway. The present studies were to determine the metabolism of intermediates of the delta-4 and delta5 pathway by the baboon testis. Fragments (50 mg) were incubated for 3 hr with 10 μCi of the following tritium-labelled substrates: pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, or testosterone. Pregnenolone was converted to testosterone primarily through the delta-4 pathway, with accumulation of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone as predominant intermediates. Similar results were obtained in progesterone incubations. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone was not efficiently metabolized by the fragments, while 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone were efficiently converted into testosterone and androstenedione. Androstenedione was metabolized primarily to testosterone, while testosterone was not a suitable substrate. Some 5α-androstanediol was identified in each incubate. These results suggest that although testosterone is formed from pregnenolone through the delta-4 pathway, the delta-5 intermediates are more suitable substrates for testosterone synthesis in the baboon testis.
Habitat availability and depth-driven population demographics regulate reproductive output of a coral reef fish

Global habitat decline may displace organisms from optimal environments, increasing reliance on ecosystems with lower habitat suitability and availability. For coral reef fishes, potentially marginal mesophotic coral ecosystems (~30–150 m) may be buffered from anthropogenic stressors; however, variation in habitat quality across depths can alter population demographics, reproductive output, and subpopulation size, potentially restricting the ability for peripheral habitats to support declining populations through larval supply. This study incorporated population density, benthic habitat, and depth-stratified population demographics to assess bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) subpopulation reproductive output from a broad geographic region encompassing the known depth distribution of the species, including coral reefs in the Florida Keys (0–35 m depths) and mesophotic reefs (~60–90 m) at Pulley Ridge (PR) on the west Florida Shelf. Results indicated that densities of bicolor damselfish peaked in mid-shelf (10–20 m) and deep-shelf (20–30 m) habitats, and subpopulation sizes and reproductive output peaked at mid-depths (10–20 m) in the Florida Keys and declined as depth increased. Subpopulation egg production was affected by differences in demographics across depths, including fish size, sex ratios, and a lower probability and frequency of spawning in deeper habitats. Despite low population densities on mesophotic reefs, the expansive reef area at PR resulted in an estimated subpopulation size that comprised ~14% of the population in the study region, and ~9% of the total reproductive output, indicating that peripheral mesophotic reefs may be sources of larvae that can subsidize declining populations. Larval dispersal and population connectivity models used to inform ecosystem management should incorporate spatially explicit demographics across depth distributions and habitat availability that have substantial effects on egg production and larval supply.
A Tamoxifen-Dependent Conditional Model of MYC-Induced T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Zebrafish.

The MYC oncogene plays a central role in the pathogenesis of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and our laboratory has previously developed a zebrafish model of Myc-induced T-ALL. The primary strength of the zebrafish as a model system for human disease lies in is its suitability for unbiased forward genetic and small molecule screens. Our central hypothesis is that forward screens performed using our zebrafish model of MYC-induced T-ALL will lead to the identification of entirely novel genes and pathways that play critical roles in MYC-induced leukemogenesis. However, zebrafish from our original line develop rapidly progressive T-ALL prior to achieving reproductive maturity, making this line poorly suited for the performance of large-scale screens. Therefore, a conditional model was required. We have now generated a transgenic zebrafish line that expresses a human MYC-estrogen receptor fusion construct under the control of the zebrafish recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2) promoter, which is lymphocyte-specific. When mated against fish transgenic for a Rag2-GFP transgene, the development and progression of T-ALL can be readily tracked in live fish by fluorescent microscopy. Upon treatment with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT), zebrafish from this line develop fully penetrant T-ALL, with a mean time to tumor onset of 8 weeks. Additionally, removal from 4HT invariably led to complete morphologic remission in leukemic zebrafish from this line, and all of these fish remained alive and were able to mate successfully for greater than 6 months after removal from 4HT. This conditional zebrafish model of MYC-induced T-ALL will now allow the successful performance of forward genetic and small molecule screens to identify known and novel genes and pathways that play critical roles in T-ALL leukemogenesis and MYC-induced transformation.
Lean Thinking: Better Living Through Setup Reduction

This note reviews the effect setup time, batch size, and throughput time have on each other by providing everyday examples. Excerpt UVA-OM-1501 Jul. 29, 2013 LEAN THINKING: BETTER LIVING THROUGH SETUP REDUCTION Lean transformation typically involves the reduction or elimination of inventory. In a given system, inventory can function as a hedge against demand variability, quality variability, or equipment malfunction. Inventory can also take the form of batches of work in progress. The smaller the batch, the more flexible and responsive a business can be. The “ideal” batch size is a single unit, but in practice, such batching tends toward prohibitive setup costs and insufficient output capacity. So the size of an optimal batch is inversely proportional to the cost and duration of its required setup. For almost 100 years, the economic order quantity (EOQ) formula has been used to calculate a given batch's tradeoff between holding and setup costs. But in the 1940s, Taiichi Ohno, founder of the Toyota Production System, realized that reducing setup times by changing the system achieved better results than optimizing a system that may be inherently inefficient. As setup costs decline, so does EOQ; that is, if the goal is to reduce rather than optimize inventory, setup reduction can be viewed as an investment. To understand setup reduction, one must understand the interaction of setup time, batch size, and value delivery. . . .
Mitotic transcription and waves of gene reactivation during mitotic exit

Although the genome is generally thought to be transcriptionally silent during mitosis, technical limitations have prevented sensitive mapping of transcription during mitosis and mitotic exit. Thus, the means by which the interphase expression pattern is transduced to daughter cells have been unclear. We used 5-ethynyluridine to pulse-label transcripts during mitosis and mitotic exit and found that many genes exhibit transcription during mitosis, as confirmed with fluorescein isothiocyanate–uridine 5′-triphosphate labeling, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The first round of transcription immediately after mitosis primarily activates genes involved in the growth and rebuilding of daughter cells, rather than cell type–specific functions. We propose that the cell’s transcription pattern is largely retained at a low level through mitosis, whereas the amplitude of transcription observed in interphase is reestablished during mitotic exit.
A Higher-Order Discontinuous Galerkin/Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Partitioned Approach to Solving Fluid–Structure Interaction Problems with Incompressible, Viscous Fluids and Elastic Structures

This manuscript presents a discontinuous Galerkin-based numerical method for solving fluid–structure interaction problems involving incompressible, viscous fluids. The fluid and structure are fully coupled via two sets of coupling conditions. The numerical approach is based on a high-order discontinuous Galerkin (with Interior Penalty) method, which is combined with the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach to deal with the motion of the fluid domain, which is not known a priori. Two strongly coupled partitioned schemes are considered to resolve the interaction between fluid and structure: the Dirichlet–Neumann and the Robin–Neumann schemes. The proposed numerical method is tested on a series of benchmark problems, and is applied to a fluid–structure interaction problem describing the flow of blood in a patient-specific aortic abdominal aneurysm before and after the insertion of a prosthesis known as stent graft. The proposed numerical approach provides sharp resolution of jump discontinuities in the pressure and normal stress across fluid–structure and structure–structure interfaces. It also provides a unified framework for solving fluid–structure interaction problems involving nonlinear structures, which may develop shock wave solutions that can be resolved using a unified discontinuous Galerkin-based approach.
Results and Problems in Combinatorial Geometry. By Boltjansky and Gohberg

(1987). Results and Problems in Combinatorial Geometry. By Boltjansky and Gohberg. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 94, No. 4, pp. 391-392.
Endocrine and metabolic diseases among colorectal cancer survivors in a population-based cohort.

10074Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women in the United States. As of 2016, there were an estimated 1.4 million colorectal cancer survivors. Research on...
Repositioning Resistance: Studying the In-Service and Pre-Service Teachers We Don't "Reach" and "Teach" in Our Literacy and Diversity Courses.

This article describes findings across two separate teacher education studies that analyse pre-service and in-service teachers’ explorations of literacy and diversity through literature discussion ...
LARGE SCALE RANDOMIZED LEARNING GUIDED BY PHYSICAL LAWS WITH APPLICATIONS IN FULL WAVEFORM INVERSION

The rapid convergence rate, high fidelity learning outcome and low computational cost are key targets in solving the learning problem of the complex physical system. Guided by physical laws of wave propagation, in full waveform inversion (FWI), we learn the subsurface images through optimizing the media velocity model in a large scale non-linear problem. In this paper, we combine randomized subsampling techniques with a second-order optimization algorithm to propose the Sub-Sampled Newton (SSN) method for learning velocity model of FWI. By incorporating the curvature information, SSN preserves comparable convergence rate to Newtons method and significantly reduces the iteration cost by approximating the Hessian matrix through a non-uniform subsampling scheme. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed SSN method has a faster convergence rate, and achieves a more accurate velocity model in terms of mean squared error than commonly used methods.
Optimization of Coronary Bifurcation Intervention Using Intravascular Imaging

Coronary bifurcation lesions require complex interventions and are associated with higher complication rates. Compared to angiography alone, intravascular imaging with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows better planning and optimization of bifurcation lesion interventions leading to improved results and long-term success. In this review, we aim to analyze the current data on utilization of intravascular imaging for optimization of interventions in complex bifurcation lesions and its impact on clinical outcomes. Evidence from meta-analyses and registries favor IVUS-guided percutaneous intervention (PCI) over angiography alone due to lower rates of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiac events. Current expert consensus supports the use of OCT to evaluate plaque characteristics and vessel anatomy. Both IVUS and OCT facilitate intervention planning by identifying high-risk lesions based on plaque characteristics and functional significance, improving stent sizing through more accurately measured vessel diameter and lesion length, and optimizing stent deployment by detecting stent underexpansion and malapposition. Intravascular imaging in bifurcation lesions enhances planning, executing, and optimizing interventions, thereby contributing to improved clinical outcomes. Use of both IVUS and OCT should be considered in cases with complex anatomy such as bifurcations. With the advancement in technology such as high-resolution IVUS and 3D reconstruction for OCT, these modalities will likely have an increased role in bifurcation lesion interventions. Larger randomized studies, however, are needed to further define the role of intravascular imaging in bifurcation intervention.
ESPAY, Alberto: Ohio/USA

Dr. Alberto J. Espay is Professor and Endowed Chair of the James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson’s disease at the University of Cincinnati. He trained in Neurology at Indiana University, in clinical and electrophysiology of Movement Disorders at the University of Toronto (2001–2005), where he earned an MSc in Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed research articles and 5 books, including Common Movement Disorders Pitfalls (Cambridge, Highly Commended BMA Medical Book Award, 2013). Dr. Espay has received the Dean’s Scholar in Clinical Research Award (2006–09), the Dystonia Coalition Career Development Award (2010–2012), and several NIH-funded awards. He has served as Chair of the Movement Disorders Section of the American Academy of Neurology, Associate Editor of Movement Disorders, and in the Executive Committee of the Parkinson Study Group (PSG). He currently serves as Chair of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) Technology Task Force and as Secretary-Elect of the Pan-American Section of the MDS. He became honorary member of the Mexican Academy of Neurology in 2008, and received numerous awards including the Cincinnati Business Courier’s Health Care Hero Award and the Spanish Society of Neurology’s Cotzias Award. His research efforts have focused on the measurement of motor and behavioral phenomena in, and clinical trials for, Parkinson’s disease as well as in the understanding and management of functional movement disorders.
Esophageal overtubes provide no benefit to safety or technical success in upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic suturing.

Background and study aim The role of esophageal overtubes in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic suturing is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether overtube use was associated with technical success or adverse events. Patients and methods A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic suturing for various indications was performed. Results A total of 719 patients underwent endoscopic suturing for various indications, including endoscopic bariatric procedures in 262, stent fixation in 258, defect closure in 190, and hemostasis in nine. An overtube was used in 186 procedures (25.9 %). Technical success was achieved in all cases. Minor mucosal trauma occurred in 15 cases (8.1 %) with use of an overtube, and none without an overtube (P Conclusions Endoscopic suturing can be performed safely for a variety of indications, including endoscopic bariatric procedures, defect repair, and stent fixation without an esophageal overtube. Minor esophageal mucosal trauma and equipment cost are increased when an overtube is used.
The Differential Contribution of the Components of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development for Treatment of Preschool Depression.

Objective An adaptation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) with a novel Emotion Development (ED) module has shown efficacy for the treatment of early childhood depression. Children who received PCIT-ED also showed healthy alterations in neural response to reward. We investigated whether the novel ED module made a unique contribution to the treatment of depression and neural response to reward, and whether child-directed intervention (CDI) and parent-directed intervention (PDI) modules (standard elements of PCIT) were also effective. Method Dyads who participated in a randomized controlled trial of PCIT that compared the active PCIT-ED to a wait list (WL) condition were assessed at the completion of each module of PCIT-ED (CDI, PDI, ED) or WL time equivalent for child depression and other symptoms, parenting styles, stress, and depression. Event-related potentials during a reward task were obtained at the end of standard PCIT and after the novel ED module. Results Study findings showed that the ED module as well as some elements of standard PCIT were effective in reducing child depression and other forms of psychopathology. Changes in the child’s neural response to reward and parental response to child emotional expression were specific to the ED module. Conclusion Study findings suggest that the novel ED module has added efficacy for the treatment of early childhood depression, as well as unique efficacy in changing neural responses to reward and parenting response to child emotional expression. These findings can inform clinical uses of this treatment in a modular fashion. Future studies are needed that control for session number and order of PCIT-ED modules. Clinical trial registration information A Randomized Controlled Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT02076425 .
Sex and Gender are Not the Same: Why Identity Is Important for People Living with HIV and Chronic Pain.

Background Sex differences in pain sensitivity have been well documented, such that women often report greater sensitivity than men. However, clinical reports highlighting sex differences often equate gender and sex. This is a particularly critical oversight for those whose gender identity is different than their genetic sex. Methods This preliminary study sets to analyze differences in pain responses between cisgender and transgender individuals living with HIV and chronic pain. A total of 51 African-American participants (24 cisgender men, 20 cisgender women, 7 transgender women) with similar socioeconomic status were recruited. Genetic sex, gender identity, depression and anxiety, pain severity, pain interference and pain-related stigma were recorded. Participants also completed a quantitative sensory testing battery to assess pain in response to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli. Results Transgender women and cisgender women demonstrated a greater magnitude of temporal summation for heat pain stimuli or mechanical stimuli compared to cisgender men. Specifically, transgender women reported greater mechanical summation than either cisgender women or cisgender men. Transgender women and cisgender women similarly reported greater chronic pain severity compared to cisgender men. Conclusion These data support the notion that gender identity may play a more significant role in pain sensation than genetic sex. These results further maintain that not only gender identity and genetic sex are distinct variables but that treatment should be based on identity as opposed to genetic sex.
Omumu: Disassembling Subordination, Reasserting Endogenous Powers

Colonial/neocolonial/postcolonial patriarchy advanced a myth of the “proper woman” to whip African females into line. At the same time, post-1970s feminist literature characterised power as patriar...
Genome-Wide Functional Screen for Calcium Transients in Escherichia coli Identifies Increased Membrane Potential Adaptation to Persistent DNA Damage.

ABSTRACT Calcium plays numerous critical roles in signaling and homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. Far less is known about calcium signaling in bacteria than in eukaryotic cells, and few genes controlling influx and efflux have been identified. Previous work in Escherichia coli showed that calcium influx was induced by voltage depolarization, which was enhanced by mechanical stimulation, which suggested a role in bacterial mechanosensation. To identify proteins and pathways affecting calcium handling in bacteria, we designed a live-cell screen to monitor calcium dynamics in single cells across a genome-wide knockout panel in E. coli. The screen measured cells from the Keio collection of knockouts and quantified calcium transients across the population. Overall, we found 143 gene knockouts that decreased levels of calcium transients and 32 gene knockouts that increased levels of transients. Knockouts of proteins involved in energy production and regulation appeared, as expected, as well as knockouts of proteins of a voltage sink, F1Fo-ATPase. Knockouts of exopolysaccharide and outer membrane synthesis proteins showed reduced transients which refined our model of electrophysiology-mediated mechanosensation. Additionally, knockouts of proteins associated with DNA repair had reduced calcium transients and voltage. However, acute DNA damage did not affect voltage, and the results suggested that only long-term adaptation to DNA damage decreased membrane potential and calcium transients. Our work showed a distinct separation between the acute and long-term DNA damage responses in bacteria, which also has implications for mitochondrial DNA damage in eukaryotes. IMPORTANCE All eukaryotic cells use calcium as a critical signaling molecule. There is tantalizing evidence that bacteria also use calcium for cellular signaling, but much less is known about the molecular actors and physiological roles. To identify genes regulating cytoplasmic calcium in Escherichia coli, we created a single-cell screen for modulators of calcium dynamics. The genes uncovered in this screen helped refine a model for voltage-mediated bacterial mechanosensation. Additionally, we were able to more carefully dissect the mechanisms of adaptation to long-term DNA damage, which has implications for both bacteria and mitochondria in the face of unrepaired DNA.