cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extreme electron-phonon coupling in boron-based layered superconductors

The phonon-mode decomposition of the electron-phonon coupling in the MgB2-like system Li12xBC is explored using first-principles calculations. It is found that the high-temperature superconductivity of such systems results from extremely strong coupling up to only ;2% of the phonon modes. Noteworthy characteristics of E2g branches include ~1! ‘‘mode l’’ values of 25 and greater compared to a mean of ;0.4 for other modes, ~2! a precipitous Kohn anomaly, and ~3! E2g phonon linewidths within a factor of ;2 of the frequency itself, indicating impending breakdown of conventional electron-phonon theory. This behavior in borne out by recent inelastic x-ray scattering studies of MgB 2 by Shukla et al.
Occupational Asthmagens among Domestic and Industrial Cleaners: A Qualitative Study

Purpose Despite being a large part of the workforce, cleaners remained a relatively understudied occupational group in the U.S. The potential adverse respiratory health effects of work-related exposure to cleaning agents have not been widely recognized. The objective of this focus group study was to identify and characterize occupational exposures and job tasks among domestic and industrial cleaners. Methods Twelve separate focus group sessions, six in Lubbock, Texas and six in Houston, Texas were conducted. Each focus group session was made up of six to ten participants. A bilingual study member of the research team, experienced in conducting focus group interviews, served as facilitator for all 12 sessions. Participants were asked about their job tasks, type of products they use to clean, job training, and work environment. The focus group data were analyzed using content analysis and open coding. Results A total of 99 subjects participated in twelve focus group sessions: 43 attended in Lubbock and 56 in Houston for the overall participation rate of 66%. Their mean age was 43.2 years (SD=11.9). The majority were Hispanic (61%), female (88%), non-smokers (62%) and had worked as cleaners for a mean of 9.6 years (SD=8.5). Participants reported using a total of 66 different cleaning products to clean residential, industrial, and commercial zones. From these 66 cleaning products, a total of 48 different respiratory irritants and sensitizers were identified. The majority of domestic cleaners reported adverse respiratory symptoms including congestion, coughing, nausea, and trouble breathing, as compared to the industrial cleaners. Reports of eye irritation were also common among domestic cleaners. Three general themes emerged regarding cleaning professionals’ work experiences: a) job training; b) chemical exposure and use; and c) competence. Domestic cleaners demonstrated significant skills deficit among across each of these three themes as compared to industrial cleaners. Conclusion This qualitative study suggests that domestic cleaners may be at increased risk of exposures that may have potential adverse respiratory health effects.
HIV Fusion Peptide Perturbs Membrane Structure in a Cholesterol Dependent Fashion

The fusion between viral envelopes with host cell membranes is required for viral entry and infection, which is mediated by special glycoproteins anchored on the viral membrane. Fusion peptide (FP) is the domain that initiates membrane fusion. However, the mechanism of membrane fusion is still unclear. We previously found that the influenza hemagglutinin FP increases the order of DMPC lipid bilayer. We hypothesize that inducing lipid ordering might be a critical step in fusion caused by a variety of fusion proteins. HIV gp41 FP plays a similar role as influenza HA FP. However, gp41 FP is polymorphic and changes from alpha helix to beta aggregation as cholesterol concentration in lipid increases. We used PC spin labels on the lipid head group and different positions on the acyl chain to detect the perturbation by gp41 FP to POPC/POPG lipid bilayers with different cholesterol concentration (0% to 30%) by CW-ESR. Our data show that 1) gp41 FP affects the lipid order in the same pattern as HA FP does, i.e., a cooperative effect vs. lipid/peptide ratio, thus supporting our hypothesis; 2) gp41 FP induces membrane ordering in all tested lipid compositions, consistent with promoting membrane fusion in these compositions; 3) in the high cholesterol containing lipid bilayers, whereas gp41 FP is in the beta aggregation conformation, its effect on the lipid ordering reaches deeper into the bilayer, consistent with deeper membrane insertion for gp41 FP in this conformation. We are extending the ESR studies to look for coexisting membrane microdomains induced by different conformations of FPs and the FP partitioning between them and for precise separation of the effects of ordering and molecular motion.
Federal world government at the dawn of the third millennium: Old challenges and new opportunities

The currently prevailing consensus is that federal world government is impractical at the present time, and will remain so into the foreseeable future. This consensus is based on the faulty premise that in order to be effective, the world government would have to be sufficiently powerful to make the imposition of totalitarian repression on member nation‐states an imminent danger. This article challenges the conventional consensus by proposing a limited world government tentatively designated the Federal Union of Democratic Nations. Among other safeguards against totalitarian repression, the member nation‐states of this Federal Union would permanently retain two essential rights: (1) to secede peacefully and without opposition from the Federal Union at the member nation's unilateral discretion; (2) to maintain independent military forces, armed with both conventional and nuclear weaponry. Although such rights would probably entail the consequence that universal membership in the Union by all nations of the...
Disciplined Bodies at Play: Improvisation in a Federal Prison:

The essay demonstrates the value of improvisatory theater work as a tool for empowering individuals and communities who have been subjected to powerful cultural and institutional discipline. Specifically, it describes, evokes, and analyzes a theater workshop led by advanced college theater students at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners for inmates with borderline personality disorder. It explores the ways in which theatrical improvisation, in theory and in practice, supported and strengthened the inmates' treatment program, helping them to act against fear, isolation, and despair. It also tracks the effect of the collaboration on individuals in the college and prison communities, and the impact of the project on the relationship between these radically different social groups.
Trace metal contents in some brands of canned beef in Nigeria

The concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel in some brands of canned beef in Nigerian markets were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentration ranges for these metals in mg kg−1 were 0.02–0.37 for Cd, <0.04–0.75 for Cr, 1.1–2.4 for Cu, <0.001–1.5 for Pb, 1.1–8.0 for Zn, <0.04–0.57 for Mn, 13.8–28.8 for Fe, 0.05–0.26 for Co, and 0.8–5.9 for Ni. The estimated dietary intake of metals from these products did not indicate any risk since the values were far below the permissible dietary intakes.
Grammatical tense deficits in children with SLI and nonspecific language impairment: relationships with nonverbal IQ over time.

The relationship between children’s language acquisition and their nonverbal intelligence has a long tradition of scientific inquiry. Current attention focuses on the use of nonverbal IQ level as an exclusionary criterion in the definition of specific language impairment (SLI). Grammatical tense deficits are known as a clinical marker of SLI, but the relationship with nonverbal intelligence below the normal range has not previously been systematically studied. This study documents the levels of grammatical tense acquisition (for third-person singular -s, regular and irregular past tense morphology) in a large, epidemiologically ascertained sample of kindergarten children that comprises 4 groups: 130 children with SLI, 100 children with nonspecific language impairments (NLI), 73 children with low cognitive levels but language within normal limits (LC), and 117 unaffected control children. The study also documents the longitudinal course of acquisition for the SLI and NLI children between the ages of 6 and ...
Rankings and Ratings of Values: Counseling Uses Suggested by Factoring Two Types of Scales for Female and Male Eleventh Grade Students.

This study examines the factor structure of rankings and ratings of three sets of values to illustrate how counselors can use them in working with female and male adolescent clients. The analyses of gender-related differences in rankings and ratings give counselors both within and between individual perspectives from which to explore the values students consider important in decisions to select an occupation, to marry, and to become a parent.
A broadband echosounder for resonance classification of swimbladder-bearing fish

A new echosounder that exploits the resonance frequency of swimbladder-bearing fish is described. The system is a custom configuration of a commercial device originally developed for studying the seafloor and adapted for studying fish. The frequencies span the range 1.7 kHz to 100 kHz, with some gaps, with the lower portion of that range corresponding to the resonance frequency of common adult fish. Through pulse-compression processing of the broadband signals, the range resolution is greatly improved to about 20 cm at the lowest frequencies and about 3 cm at the highest frequencies. As a result of the resonance classification at these low frequencies, significant ambiguities that are normally associated with interpretation of high frequency echosounder data are eliminated. Summarized in this paper are the design and calibration of the system, as well as results from using the system to study schools of fish in the ocean.
Development of acellular pertussis vaccines.

In 1974, the authors reported the isolation and characterization of protective antigens of Bordetella pertussis in mice. With this information, an acellular pertussis vaccine was developed, composed mainly of pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA). Substances causing side effects, especially lipopoly sacahoride (LPS) or endotoxin that cause fever, were removed, and detoxification of the PT by formaldehyde with retention of potency was achieved. In 1981, an acellular pertussis vaccine called the "Adsorbed Purified Pertussis Vaccine" was approved in Japan, in place of the whole-cell pertussis vaccine. The acellular pertussis vaccine has been widely accepted as safer and more efficacious in Japan. Since 1981, intense surveillance has shown that there are only rare adverse reactions and that pertussis has virtually been eliminated in Japan. Evaluation of active immunization with highly purified and pharmacologically inert PT and FHA and passive immunization with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, provide quantitative data about the vaccine-induced immunity in mice. Finally, it was discovered that the PT toxoid in the vaccine is the major and essential protective antigen. The toxoid of PT should be sufficient for protection against pertussis.
Gradient Profiling for Pedestrian Services

Mobile systems have long been the cause of distraction to pedestrians. Motivated by the safety challenges this distraction poses, we aim to develop a sensing technology based on smartphones and wearable devices, for fine-grained location classification in urban environments. Particularly, we are using shoe mounted inertial sensors to sense the ground a pedestrian is walking on. To begin with, it seeks to detect transitions from sidewalk locations to in-street locations. This can be used for warning a distracted pedestrian or alerting an oncoming vehicle to the presence of a pedestrian in street. In addition, it can also be used for precise sidewalk-level localization in dense urban environments.
Hypotransferrinemia of chronically hemodialyzed patients.

: Increasingly, the iron needs of hemodialysis patients receiving erythropoietin are being met by infusions of intravenous iron guided by laboratory tests to measure body iron availability. The interpretation of assays based on ferritin and transferrin must take into account the effect of inflammation on both proteins and malnutrition on the latter. In our chronic hemodialysis population, hypotransferrinemia was present in greater than 90% of the patients. Using statistical methods and laboratory studies, we sought to identify the principal reasons for the high prevalence of hypotransferrinemia. We observed that transferrin levels were disproportionately low relative to albumin and prealbumin and correlated inversely with ferritin levels. There was no correlation between transferrin and the soluble transferrin receptor. After the infusion of 900 mg of iron, transferrin saturation increased and total transferrin decreased so that unsaturated iron bonding capacity decreased as well. Ferritin concentrations increased significantly after iron loading. Attempts to demonstrate activation of the patients' antioxidant mechanisms associated with iron infusion were negative. We concluded that the low transferrin may be principally the result of diminished synthesis related to the chronic inflammatory status of hemodialysis patients, which favors production of ferritin, but iron and nutritional status may also influence the blood transferrin concentration. These factors make interpretation of transferrin-dependent assessment of body iron stores unreliable and can result in inadequate or overly aggressive iron-replacement therapy.
Adapting token economy systems in occupational safety

Abstract Operant psychology techniques have been used in the industrial community to alter quality control, production and employee performance. A number of articles have described their potential use in altering “safe” or “unsafe” behavior, however, no empirical research has been provided. The lack of research may be due to a misunderstanding of specific techniques. The article reviews basic operant principles and procedures leading to the development and use of a specific operant technique; the token economy system. A model system is provided with a hypothetical example of a safety problem. The reader is then led through the step-by-step process of identifying and altering a problem behavior. Current research programs on token economy systems in industry are also provided as supportive information.
THE INVESTIGATION OF MICROBIAL SUCCESSION AND COMPARISON AMONG PCA, EMB, MRS AND KANG-FUNG MEDIUM IN CHINESE PICKLE WITH DIFFERENT SALT CONCENTRATIONS

Using the traditional recipe, Chinese pickle fermentation was studied. Blends of vegetables were placed in 2, 10 and 20° salometer brine (1° salometer = 0.264% NaCl). The pH decreased fastest in the presence of 10° salometer. The salinity increased in 2° salometer, but decreased in 20° salometer by the end of the fermentation. No significant change of salinity in 10° salometer was observed. The viable cell counts on eosin methylene blue agar dropped to zero after 2 days. The counts on deMan Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS) and Kang-Fung (KF) medium increased at least 4 logs by the end of the fermentation. KF medium selected more lactic acid bacteria than MRS (47.9 versus 10.4%) in a mixture of bacterial environment. After 1 month of refrigeration, the pickles in 2° salometer salt were soft and had an unacceptable flavor. The 10° salometer of brine was concluded as the best for Chinese pickle in terms of color, flavor and taste.
17-Hydroxyprogesterone metabolism in the monkey fetal adrenal: C17–20Lyase and 21-hydroxylase activities

Abstract C17–20Lyase and 21-hydroxylase activities were measured during late gestation In the rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) fetal adrenal. Activities were assessed in 10,000 × g supernatants with 17-hydroxyprogesterone and NADPH as substrates. Although conversion of [14C]17-hydroxyprogesterone to [14C]androstenedione was noted, activity was often nonlinear and far less than the rate of hydroxylation which together prevented an accurate estimation of lyase rate, Km and Vmax. 21-Hydroxylase activity was characterized; the mean reaction rate was 1.6 × 10−3 μmoles NADPH oxidized/min. × mg−1 protein with an apparent Km of 3.6 × 10−7 M and a Vmax of 2.2 × 10−3 μmoles/min. × mg−1 protein. These values were similar to data obtained In adrenals from adult monkeys. A relatively high level of hydroxylase activity in the fetal gland might lead to an Inadequate supply of precursors for the synthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the adrenal if it also contained 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-hsdh). However, the fact that the fetal adrenal reportedly is deficient in 3β-hsdh may serve to protect both DHEAS and corticoid synthesis.
Time-delayed second-harmonic generation in an atomic vapor of cesium

Second harmonic generation has hitherto been thought of as simultaneous with the excitation pulse which generates it. Recent experiments in Cs vapor demonstrate otherwise. A short two-photon 6D - 6S resonant excitation pulse in Cs vapor generates a superposition state which would radiate immediately were it not for destructive interference arising from the sample being large compared to the radiation wavelength. The radiation pattern of an isolated radiator (atom) starts out with a null in the plane transverse to the polarization (linear) direction but then rotates about the applied transverse magnetic field developing a radiation component along the phase matched direction which we detect. Experimental results are presented in excellent agreement with theory. Previous delay discrepancies have been resolved by using a nonmetallic sample cell. Cascade and yoked superfluorescence take place but not significantly until after the second harmonic emissions. Quantitative measurements of signal intensity are also presented.
The Weight of Traumatic Stress: A Prospective Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Weight Status in Women

IMPORTANCE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicates a chronic stress reaction in response to trauma. This prevalent condition has been identified as a possible risk factor for obesity. Whether PTSD symptoms alter the trajectory of weight gain or constitute a comorbid condition has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether women who develop PTSD symptoms are subsequently more likely to gain weight and become obese relative to trauma-exposed women who do not develop PTSD symptoms or women with no trauma exposure or PTSD symptoms and whether the effects are independent of depression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective observational study initiated in 1989 with follow-up to 2005, using a PTSD screener to measure PTSD symptoms and time of onset. We included the subsample of the Nurses' Health Study II (54 224 participants; ages 24-44 years in 1989) in whom trauma and PTSD symptoms were measured. EXPOSURES: Trauma and PTSD symptoms. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Development of overweight and obesity using body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) cut points 25.0 and 30.0, respectively; change in BMI during follow-up among women reporting PTSD symptom onset before 1989; and BMI trajectory before and after PTSD symptom onset among women who developed PTSD symptoms in 1989 or during follow-up. RESULTS: Among women with at least 4 PTSD symptoms before 1989 (cohort initiation), BMI increased more steeply (b = 0.09 [SE = 0.01]; P CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Experience of PTSD symptoms is associated with an increased risk of becoming overweight or obese, and PTSD symptom onset alters BMI trajectories over time. The presence of PTSD symptoms should raise clinician concerns about physical health problems that may develop and prompt closer attention to weight status. Language: en
EFFECT OF INSULIN ON ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVITY FROM AMINO-ACIDS BY ISOLATED INTACT RAT DIAPHRAGM.

Tests were made on the response to insulin of six amino acids. As a result, threonine and hydroxyproline were added to the list of amino acids the entry of which into muscle is stimulated by insulin; in addition, one amino acid(serine) previously considered not responsive was found to be so. Insulin did not stimulate accumulation by isolated intact diaphragm of radioactivity from labeled L-arginine, DL-tryptophan, L-isoleucine, or DL-cystine. However, the hormone signlficantiy increased incorporation of radioactivity into protein from each of the amino acids tested without regard to whether penetration into muscle was enhanced. (P.C.H.)
Measurement of transferable chemical residue from nylon carpet using the California roller and a new mega-California roller.

The objective of this study was to assess whether polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect male reproductive functions in vivo. Male reproductive parameters included testis weight, sperm counts and motility, circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. The average body weight, testis weight, and epididymis weight in the exposed group were not significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.01). The daily numbers of sperm in the PAH-exposed groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The motility of sperm in the PAH-exposed groups was significantly less than those in the control group. Plasma LH concentrations increased at the end of the exposure period and continued to increase after post-cessation of exposure to PAHs. Testosterone decreased at the end of the exposure period and increased after post-cessation of exposure. However, the follicle-stimulation hormone level remained relatively stable during the study period. The present study showed that PAHs can compromise sperm functions and alter endocrine hormone levels.
The polarization of neutrons from the Be9(p, n)B9 reaction

Abstract The polarization of neutrons from the Be9(p, n)B9 reaction has been measured for several energies and angles in the region between 3.7 and 8.5 MeV bombarding energy. Energy discrimination was used to reduce the contribution of the breakup neutrons, and time-of-flight spectra have been obtained to determine the amount of breakup contamination present. The results indicate that for an emission angle of 30° the polarization has a value of 0.2 at 3.7 MeV, changes sign near 4.3 MeV and reaches a value of −0.4 near 5 MeV. At emission angles of 50° and 70°, polarizations of the order of −0.3 were observed in the energy region between 6.0 and 8.5 MeV.
The effect of various supplements to the diet on the iron balance of the anemic infant

Summary The effect of various supplements to the diet on the iron retention and hemoglobin of three cases of secondary anemia has been shown. Additional iron, when supplied by pureed spinach, was not utilized by these infants. The iron of apricots, although utilized somewhat better than that of spinach, affected no change in hemoglobin and only a slight increase in retention. Iron salts, when given in large amounts either in the form of ferrous sulphate or ferric ammonium citrate caused a marked increase in the retention and a rise in hemoglobin. There was no evidence shown that the ferrous salt was more efficacious than the ferric salt. Copper salts, given in conjunction with either a low or a high iron intake, did not seem to have any effect on the iron retention or the hemoglobin level. The copper contents of the previous diets were apparently adequate. The introduction of liver into a diet of low iron content caused a slight increase in retention, but no gain in hemoglobin. With a high iron intake, a decreased retention of iron occurred coincident with the addition of liver to the diet. It is suggested that this lowered retention was due not to the liver per se, but to a lessened need of the infant for iron at that time.
Concanavalin A Binding Glycoproteins of Epidermal Cells

The Concanavalin A reactive glycoproteins of epidermal cells were analyzed by the application of the iodinated lectin to molecules separated by SDS-PAGE. Normal epidermal cells were maintained as undifferentiated or differentiated by controlling the Ca ++ concentration of the growth medium. Some 20 labeled bands could be resolved. Their relative intensities changed dramatically with the stage of differentiation. Fresh, tissue gave a radioactive profile similar to that for cultured differentiated cells, except for evidence of damage from the techniques used to separate the epidermis from the dermis (the damage being progressively more severe going from heat to ammonium chloride to trypsin separation). The labeling patterns for three carcinogen-transformed cell lines were markedly different from those of the normal cells. The least tumorigenic cell line had a profile in many respects intermediate between those of the normal differentiated and undifferentiated cells, while the other 2 lines showed greater deviation.
Public resources for private mariculture: Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada and Scotland after NAFTA and GATT

Abstract During the past decade, mariculture development has increased rapidly in the north Atlantic Ocean. However, global developments in the market for farm-reared salmon have raised concern about government policy and intervention on behalf of mariculture sectors in closely competing countries and regions. This paper provides an analysis of public sector involvement in private sector mariculture innovation and investment in three regions: the New England states of the US, the Atlantic Provinces of Canada, and the Highlands and Islands region of Scotland. It illustrates temporal (1984–1997) and geographic differences in those mechanisms financing innovation and assisting private capital formation. As international trade rules eliminate tariff and other barriers supporting domestic industry, innovation assistance and capital market policies may become more prevalent. Recent support policy changes in Canada are illustrative.
A Case for Criminal Negligence

I join the chorus of congratulations for Larry Alexander, Kim Ferzan, and Stephen Morse for the contributions their book makes to our understanding of the criminal law.1 The book seeks to achieve nothing less than a comprehensive theory of the crime and punishment, one that tries to reorient the thinking of scholars and policy makers toward a single theory of justice based on blameworthiness and retribution. Regardless of whether we are ultimately convinced by the conclusions, we can all admire the scholarly ambition and risk-taking the project requires, and appreciate the many insights the authors provide. I learned a lot from this book; it both advanced and unsettled my prior thinking on a whole range of topics. But ultimately the book failed to persuade me. I remain far from certain that a single theory can explain the criminal law; more doubtful than ever that, even if a single theory is possible, retributive theory is the right tool for the job; and skeptical that a unified theory is even desirable. Doing justice to the authors' larger thesis would require a review as long as the book, so my goals here are modest. In the next few pages I will address the authors' critical corollary claim that negligence does not form an appropriate basis for criminal liability, and explain why I think it is wrong, at least as a matter of first principles. I then raise some questions about the proposed practical application of the theory to a revised
Business Location Decisions in the Medical Device Industry: Evidence From Massachusetts

Medical device firms, like firms in the high-technology sector, often include business functions characteristic of both the industrial economy and the knowledge economy. Thus, it is not immediately clear which kinds of locational attributes (i.e., traditional cost-based factors or those concerned with attracting and retaining knowledge workers) are most influential in the site selection process. This study draws on survey data from 48 medical device firms in Massachusetts, a state with one of the largest clusters in the industry, to examine the relative importance of various factors and conditions in the location decision. A second objective is to consider the extent to which the rating of a given location factor varies depending on whether the firm maintains manufacturing facilities in the state. The implications of the findings for both location theory and economic development efforts are discussed.
1-bit compressed sensing with edge detection for compressed radio wave data transfer

The “Flexible Wireless System (FWS)” has been proposed as a networked system for the “User-Centric Wireless Network (UCWN)”. The UCWN will allow users to make network connections easily at all times without being conscious of any upgrades or differences in wireless systems. The FWS is a unified wireless platform that simultaneously deals with various types of wireless signals. It consists of flexible access points and a wireless signal processing platform. Various types of wireless signals are received at a distributed flexible access point and transferred to a server in the wireless signal processing platform through the wired access line. Transferred signals are separated and demodulated at the server. To achieve highly flexible and efficient radio wave data transfer between the access point and the FWS server, we consider compression of transfer data. In this paper, we propose 1-bit compressed sensing with smoothed edge detection, which enhances compression and reconstruction performance. This paper shows the performance of the proposed method by using computer simulations to explore the method's validity for transferring compressed radio wave data.
Effect of Processing Parameters on the Conductivity of the Solid Oxide Anode for Fuel Cells

Good electrical conductivity is highly desirable in Ni / YSZ cermet anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), that operate at temperatures typically around 700 – 900 °C. The conductivity of the cell controls the polarization loss of the cell which affects the overall efficiency of the fuel cell. In the current study, the effect of processing parameters on the conductivity of the anode cermet at room temperature is studied. The cermet is prepared with two different NiO vol. % and also sintered at two different temperatures. Different sintering temperatures lead to different microstructure and overall pore volume. The dependency of the conductivity on the microstructure, pore volume, sintering temperature and also the Ni content in the cermet are analyzed. The current analysis shows that the conductivity of the anode cermet strongly depends on the overall pore volume. Increase in sintering temperature reduces the pore volume and also reduces the active electrical conduction path. Increased density also decreases the active diffusion path which eventually means that there is a reduction in electrochemically active sites. These changes directly affect the efficiency of the cell. The Ni content in the cermet also influences the conductivity. The conductivity of the cermet varies with the Ni volume present in the cermet.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Generation of antifouling layers on stainless steel surfaces by plasma-enhanced crosslinking of polyethylene glycol

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) structures were deposited onto stainless steel (SS) surfaces by spin coating and argon radio frequency (RF)-plasma mediated crosslinking. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) indicated the presence of CH2CH2O structure and CCC linkage, as a result of the plasma crosslinking, on PEG-modified SS surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated complete deposition, and water contact angle analysis revealed higher hydrophilicity on PEG-modified surfaces compared to unmodified SS surfaces. Surface morphology and roughness analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed smoother SS surfaces after PEG modification. The evaluation of antifouling ability of the PEG-modified SS surfaces was carried out. Compared to the unmodified SS, PEG-modified surfaces showed about 81–96% decrease in Listeria monocytogenes attachment and biofilm formation (p < 0.05). This cold plasma mediated PEG crosslinking provided a promising technique to reduce bacterial contamination on surfaces encountered in food-processing environments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 485–497, 2005
The complement fixation inhibition test and its application to the diagnosis of ornithosis in chickens and in ducks. I. Principles and technique of the test.

For the last 15 years, laboratory diagnosis of psittacosis and similar diseases has been sucessfully aided by the complement fixation test. For clinical use it is a practical device because among other reasons, isolation of the virus is often difficult and expensive. It has gained in importance in the last few years when diagnosis has provided a direction for effective therapy. In epidemiological and experimental work the test has effectively detected antibodies in the serum of infected psittacine birds (Meyer and Eddie, 1939; Meyer et al, 1939), pigeons (Meyer, 1941; Meyer et al, 1942; Eddie and Francis, 1942), seashore birds (Pollard, 1947), guinea pigs (Bedson, 1932; Meyer and Eddie, 1939), goats (Meyer and Eddie, 1939), monkeys, rabbits and man. Since psittacine birds were considered to be the reservoir
Influence of inoculation route on the carrier state of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine.

This study was designed to investigate the carrier state of swine infected with Salmonella choleraesuis. Thirty-five pigs were divided into 3 groups. Groups 1 (n = 15) and 2 (n = 16) were challenged with 10’ CFW of S. choleraesuis intranasally or by gastric route, respectively. Group 3 (n = 4) served as uninoculated controls. Pigs were necropsied at 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks post inoculation. Clinical signs and microscopic lesions were more severe for group 1. Salmonella choleraesuis was recovered from a greater percentage of tissue samples for group 1 versus group 2 at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post inoculation. No differences were observed between groups at 12 weeks post inoculation. Regardless of route of inoculation, S. choleraesuis was most often recovered from the ileocolic junction, ileocolic lymph node, cecal contents, tonsil, lung and colon. Both groups shed S. choleraesuis in the feces sporadically throughout the 12 week period indicating that a carrier state is maintained for at least 12 weeks. However, group 1 shed higher numbers of S. choleruesuis initially. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses to S. choleruesuis lipopolysaccharide and heat extract antigens were observed for both groups. Higher serum IgG antibody titers to S. choleraesuis lipopolysaccharide were observed for group 2. Intestinal antibody responses for both groups included IgG and IgM responses but not an IgA response. Both routes of inoculation stimulated peripheral blood B-cells while the intranasal route (group 1) was more effective at stimulating peripheral blood T-cells. The reduction in levels of tissues infection and shedding observed for both groups coincided with the development of the host innnune response. These data indicate that route of inoculation affects the development of humoral and cellular immunity, influences levels of Salmonella shed into the environment and the distribution of Salmonella within tissue.
Transition and mobility management in the integrated IPv4 and IPv6 network - A systematic review

The transition between the IPv4 Internet today and the IPv6 Internet will be a long process during both protocols coexists and also it is unreasonable to expect that many millions of IPv4 nodes will be converted overnight. Mobility is becoming ubiquitous now-a-days. This paper is presented with a survey on the three IPv4-IPv6 transition mechanisms, how these mechanisms are incorporated in the various architectures, the advantages and limitations and comparison of the mechanisms suitable for mixed two different promising IP network environments. A study in this paper explores that most research efforts were focused only in IPv6 initiated communications (from IPv6 based network) with IPv4 nodes (in IPv4 based network) and also reveals that although many transition implemented architectures have been proposed, scenarios and issues such as the IPv6 nodes visiting IPv4 network, IPv4 nodes visiting IPv6 network, configuring IPv6 nodes visiting IPv4 network, configuring IPv4 nodes visiting IPv6 network and initiate communications with other nodes irrespective of IP version of network remain open. The main objective of this paper is to point out some of the key research issues, promote developments and accelerate the research efforts towards the integrated IPv4 and IPv6 network which is most immediately required.
Craniofacial pattern profile (CFPP) evaluation of facial dysmorphology in a familial syndrome with corneal anesthesia and multiple congenital anomalies.

Roentgencephalometric findings are presented for a family with an unusual facial morphology. Twenty measurements defining the size and shape of major anatomic areas of the head and face were taken. The measurements were transformed into Z-scores. Using the sigma z (i.e., standard deviation of the Z-scores) value, an estimate of craniofacial pattern deviation from the norms was made for each family member. All members of this family have highly aberrant, i.e., dysmorphic, craniofacial pattern profiles. Familial as well as syndromic craniofacial similarities vs. dissimilarities between Z-score values of pairs of family members were assessed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient rz. Results of correlation coefficients demonstrate a high level (far in excess of the expected value of rz 0.50) of craniofacial pattern profile (CFPP) similarity between sibs and between sibs and their mother. This strongly suggests that the two sibs and their mothers are the carrier of the same genetic syndrome.
Photoperiod Sensitivity of Rhizoma Peanut Germplasm

Short days are thought to alter dry matter (DM) partitioning in rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.). Under controlled environmental conditions, six lines of rhizoma peanut germplasm (cultivars Florigraze and Arbrook; Florida lines Ecoturf, Arbrook Select, and Arblick; and PI 262826) were exposed to natural and extended photoperiod regimes (15 or 18 h). The study started 21 Sept. 2000 and ran until the following May; aboveground DM was harvested five times. The following year the same lines were transplanted into the field, where they received either natural light or 15 h extended photoperiod conditions between 20 Sept. 2001 and 19 Apr. 2002 and again during the winter of 2002-2003. In the field, cover and DM was determined on approximately 9 wk intervals. In the controlled environment study, both extended photoperiod treatments increased DM yield, but the 18 h treatment was most consistent across selections and dates. The February response was greatest when there was greater than fivefold increase across selections for the 18 h treatment above natural photoperiod (2.80 vs. 0.52 g/pot, respectively). In the field, percent cover was enhanced by extended photoperiod for all selections except Ecoturf by the second sampling date after the lights were turned on (avg. 90 vs. 38% cover, respectively, for extended and natural photoperiod). Cover differences persisted until June 2002. Dry matter yield also was increased by treatment during the fall of both years. These studies suggest that selection for late and early season DM production in rhizoma peanut will select for photoperiod insensitivity.
Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting

Geochemical data were collected to investigate the effects of topography and focused recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater through sandy soils. The research was done at a topographically high (upland) site and a depressional (lowland) site within a corn field. Agricultural chemicals that move readily with water were most directly affected by focused recharge to the lowland site. Surface runoff of water to the lowland site was the primary cause for the generally greater flux of chloride, nitrate nitrogen, and sulfate compared with the upland site. Based on data from the unsaturated zone, for example, the average annual fluxes of these chemicals in 1992–1993 were 5.1, 3.4, and 1.7 times greater, respectively, at the lowland site. Study results indicate that consideration should be given to modifying site-specific management farming technology to account for varying recharge rates in different topographic settings. By reducing chemical application rates in topographic depressions, where focused recharge of chemicals occurs because of surface runoff, farmers could improve ground-water quality as well as reduce expenditures for agricultural chemicals.
Posterior fossa syndrome after surgical removal of a pineal gland tumor

Posterior fossa syndrome, characterized by oromotor or oculomotor apraxia, emotional lability, and mutism, occurs in some children after infratentorial tumor resection, and is thought to involve injury to the dentatothalamocortical tract. Previous cases of posterior fossa syndrome involved pediatric patients with cerebellar and other posterior fossa tumors. To heighten awareness that posterior fossa syndrome can occur after resections of tumors in other neuroanatomic locations, we present a 16-year-old boy who developed this syndrome after surgical removal of a supratentorial pinealoma, and we include a discussion of his self-reported signs.
Heat flux measurements in the OSU rate of heat release apparatus

Thermal capacitance (slug) calorimeters were used to measure radiant and flame heat fluxes and the overall heat transfer coefficient at the sample surface in the Ohio State University (OSU) Rate of Heat Release Apparatus specified in FAR 25.853(a-1). The copper plate calorimeters gave radiant heat flux readings which were within 2% of a NIST calibrated, water-cooled, Gardon Heat Flux Sensor. The impinging pilot flame generates a heat flux at the sample surface of about 270 kW/m2. The overall heat transfer coefficient at the sample surface is about 19 W/m2/K.
Ethanol impairs estrogen receptor signaling resulting in accelerated activation of senescence pathways, whereas estradiol attenuates the effects of ethanol in osteoblasts.

Epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that chronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for osteoporosis. Using bone from cycling female rats infused chronically with ethanol (EtOH) in vivo and osteoblastic cells in vitro, we found that EtOH significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) mRNA and ERα protein levels. Treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) in vivo and in vitro interfered with these effects of EtOH on bone and osteoblastic cells. ERα agonist propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) and ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) attenuated EtOH-induced ERα and ERβ gene overexpression, respectively. Similar to the ER antagonist ICI 182780, EtOH blocked nuclear translocation of ERα-ECFP in the presence of E2 in UMR-106 osteoblastic cells. EtOH also downregulated ERE-luc reporter activity. On the other hand, EtOH by itself upregulated some common ERα- and ERβ-mediated genes apparently by an ER-independent pathway. EtOH also transactivated the luciferase activity of the p21 promoter region independent of additional exogenous ERα, activated p21 and p53, and stimulated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in rat stromal osteoblasts. E2 treatment attenuated these EtOH actions. We conclude that inhibitory cross-talk between EtOH and E2 in osteoblasts on ERs, p53/p21, and cell senescence provides a pathophysiologic mechanism underlying bone loss and the protective effects of estrogens in alcohol-exposed females.
Eleven years of scholarly research in the Journal of Services Marketing: Editor's response

Purpose – To reinforce, clarify, illuminate and sometimes counter the findings and discussion of Deon Nel et al.'s article found elsewhere in this issue (“Eleven years of scholarly research in the Journal of Services Marketing”), the Journal's Editor aims to provide his response in this paper.Design/methodology/approach – Primarily, the Editor/author's comments follow the findings and discussion of the Nel et al.'s content analysis of 417 articles published in the Journal of Services Marketing (JSM) from 1998 through 2008. Realizing that some information about JSM is not publicly available (e.g. the number and content of manuscripts submitted for publication but not published), the Editor/author provides additional analysis and discussion beyond the immediate scope of the Nel et al. article.Findings – The findings largely reinforce the findings and discussion of the Nel et al. study, but offer some additional insights and alternative explanations for the patterns of publication in JSM.Practical implicatio...
Anisotropic coke formation during coal slurry heating in the coal liquefaction process

Abstract Coke formed during early operations of the coal slurry preheater in the 250 t d −1 EDS coal liquefaction pilot plant (ECLP) was examined by polarized light microscopy. The coke was optically anisotropic, having mosaic textures resulting from mesophase carbonization. The presence of mesophase in heated coal slurry was evidenced by the formation of micrometre-sized hydrocarbon spherules in the coal residue from laboratory tests under simulated ECLP preheater conditions. These spherules are thought to act as adhesives, causing deposit formation on the preheater wall. Pyrolysis of these wall deposits results in anisotropic coke formation. Preheater wall temperature and solvent quality control coking severity. Model solvent studies revealed that donor hydrogen plays the most important role in mitigating coke formation during coal slurry heating. Improvement in solvency (increase in Hildebrand solubility parameter) of the solvent is also effective in increasing the coal dissolution and reducing the coking tendency.
The Origins of Image Making

Although often mythologized as sudden, primal, and spontaneous, image making is a predictable adaptation which should be coherently situated in the overall trajectory of hominid evolution. It was a distinctive and specific cultural achievement but one that can be derived logically from simple and archaic perceptual and cognitive processes. In the view presented here, image making originated in the discovery of the representational capacity of lines, marks, or blots of color which need not and often do not have a representational status. Continually marking the world will continually in crease the probability that marks will be seen as things. Thus the emergence of representation is the predictable logical and perceptual consequence of the increasing elaboration of the man-made visual world.