cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Democracy, Like Revolution, is Unattainable Without Women

Contrary to popular media coverage, the Arab Spring was not the first time Arab women took on leadership roles in populist uprisings. As far back as the 1919 Egyptian revolution against the British occupation, women in the Middle East have played pivotal roles in both political movements and mass protests. Indeed, women constituted a significant proportion of street protesters during the 1960s Algerian revolution, the Iranian revolution of 1979, and in Palestine during the First Intifada. This article posits that the biggest challenge facing women in Arab Spring countries is transforming their leadership and attendant influence during the revolutions into high level governance positions, both elected and appointed, after the revolutions. Despite their involvement in past revolutions, whether against native dictators or foreign occupiers, women in the Middle East have yet to attain the degree of political representation that reflects the scope of their contributions in deposing regimes. As soon as the conflicts end and the revolutionary fervor is over, society reverts back to traditional gender roles wherein women are expected to stay out of the political process beyond exercising any voting rights they may have. Their social and political positions remain largely unaffected notwithstanding their sacrifices. Without women’s participation in social and political institutions, nations are unable to develop healthy and sustainable democracies. And as a result, democracy repeatedly eludes the nations of the Middle East. What will differentiate the Arab Spring revolutions from past ones is the degree to which the political revolution triggers a social revolution wherein women have meaningful access to and representation in political institutions. Notwithstanding their increased participation in the public sphere as workers, women’s interests have been woefully underrepresented in the political process. Thus, women’s participation in the formal workforce, albeit at disproportionately lower rates than men, should not be mistaken for political representation and equal treatment before the law. Accordingly, those concerned with achieving substantive equality, as opposed to mere formal equality on paper, should focus on the following three key objectives: 1) amend election laws to increase the proportion of women represented in local, state, and national politics; 2) increase access to high level employment opportunities for women; and 3) reform public education curriculums to highlight the role of women in the revolutions and the various professions to counter perceptions of women’s inability or disinterest in roles outside of the home and to communicate to the youth how sustainable democracies depend on equal participation by women. In combination, these objectives increase the likelihood of a more equitable society wherein women are sufficiently empowered to minimize gender disparities and meaningfully contribute towards the nation’s progress.
How family firms differ. Structure, strategy, governance and performance

Family firms account for a large proportion of firms in most countries. In industrialised countries of North America and Western Europe, they generally account for a large share of small and medium sized enterprises. In emerging market economies such as India, they also account for the majority of the large firms. Their importance for factors such as employment creation notwithstanding, relative to the widely held Anglo-Saxon firms, which are ubiquitous in the economics, finance and management literatures, family firms have historically received much less attention from scholars of these disciplines. However, in part owing to increased focus on emerging markets, there is a growing literature on family firms. In How Family Firms Differ, the authors explore important aspects of family firms, drawing on the existing literature and their own research on these firms.
Thermal Conductivity of Water/Carbon Nanotube Composite Systems: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The effective thermal conductivity of water/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite systems is predicted using molecular dynamics simulation. Both empty and water-filled CNTs with diameters ranging from 0.83 nm to 1.26 nm are considered. Using a direct application of the Fourier law, we explore the transition to diffusive phonon transport with increasing CNT length and identify the correlation between CNT diameter and fully-diffusive thermal conductivity. Using Green-Kubo linear response theory, we explore how the thermal conductivity of water inside CNT varies with tube diameter. We predict the effective thermal conductivity of the composite systems and examine how the phonon modes in the CNT are affected by interactions with the water molecules.© 2009 ASME
Intersections of Critical Systems Thinking and Community Based Participatory Research: A Learning Organization Example with the Autistic Community

Critical systems thinking (CST) and community based participatory research (CBPR) are distinct approaches to inquiry which share a primary commitment to holism and human emancipation, as well as common grounding in critical theory and emancipatory and pragmatic philosophy. This paper explores their intersections and complements on a historical, philosophical, and theoretical level, and then proposes a hybrid approach achieved by applying CBPR’s principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice to traditional systems thinking frameworks and practices. This hybrid approach is illustrated in practice with examples drawn from of the implementation of the learning organization model in an action research setting with the Autistic community. Our experience of being able to actively attend to, and continuously equalize, power relations within an organizational framework that otherwise has great potential for reinforcing power inequity suggests CBPR’s principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice could be useful in CST settings, and CST’s vocabulary, methods, and clarity around systems thinking concepts could be valuable to CBPR practitioners.
DNA methylation patterns as noninvasive biomarkers and targets of epigenetic therapies in colorectal cancer

Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently detected in gastrointestinal tumors, and can therefore potentially be used to screen, diagnose, prognosticate, and predict colorectal cancers (CRCs). Although colonoscopic screening remains the gold standard for CRC screening, this procedure is invasive, expensive, and suffers from poor patient compliance. Methylated DNA is an attractive choice for a biomarker substrate because CRCs harbor hundreds of aberrantly methylated genes. Furthermore, abundance in extracellular environments and resistance to degradation and enrichment in serum, stool, and other noninvasive bodily fluids, allows quantitative measurements of methylated DNA biomarkers. This article describes the most important studies that investigated the efficacy of serum- or stool-derived methylated DNA as population-based screening biomarkers in CRC, details several mechanisms and factors that control DNA methylation, describes a better use of prevailing technologies that discover novel DNA methylation biomarkers, and illustrates the diversity of demethylating agents and their applicability toward clinical impact.
Correlation of Natural Killer Cell Activation, CD4+ TH1 Cell Development and resistance in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Human cutaneous leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection associated with a spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from self-limiting lesions to non-healing metastatic infections. Infections of mice with Leishmania also exhibit a wide range of outcomes. For example, in BALB/c mice L. major infections are eventually fatal, while in resistant strains of mice, such as C3H/HeN, this parasite causes a self-limiting disease. Studies from many laboratories have shown that CD4+ T cell subsets determine the outcome of infection (reviewed in (Locksley and Scott, 1991)). Thus, the susceptibility observed in BALB/c mice is associated with TH2 responses, while resistant C3H/HeN mice exhibit TH1 responses.
Asymptotic Behavior of the Global Solution for a Generalized Boussinesq Equation with Initial Value

Using Fourier techniques,this paper deals with a Boussinesq equation with initial value,and the well-posedness of the global solution is gained.The validity of the formal asymptotic solution is established in a suitable Sobolev space by the perturbation method.
Recognition of the Basic Contradiction of Contemporary Capitalism

Taking the basic contradiction of capitalism as a clue is a fundamental method for the founders of Marxism to study capitalism and reveal the historical destiny of capitalism.With this method,the basic contradiction of contemporary capitalism is still found exist and is expressed in various forms.The contradiction on the one hand exerts destructive effects of triggering economic crises,on the other hand has constructive effects of promoting capitalist adjustments and reforms,which produce more socialist elements and make contemporary capitalism approach socialism.
Learning Disabilities – Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

This article attempts to survey the field of learning disabilities in terms of an integrative approach to the various disciplines which have been concerned with the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of children with communication problems, reading problems, and sensory-motor disturbances. A behavioral view of the inseparability of diagnostic and remedial procedures and a survey of some of these procedures are presented, as well as a crystal ball view of future trends in the field of learning disabilities.
National attitudes towards mental health treatment: the importance of research evidence

AbstractMost conceptualizations of evidence-based practice view it as a “three legged stool” consisting of: the use of best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and client preferences. Although empirical evidence and clinical expertise have received greater empirical attention, relatively little research has systematically explored client preferences. The present study analyzed self-reported treatment preferences for various clinical and non-clinical presentations. Adult participants (n = 1262) residing in the United States were presented with diagnostic vignettes and rated their relative preferences among 5 treatment variables, including: use of an empirically supported treatment (EST), quality of the client–therapist relationship, therapist empathy, therapist experience, and client speaking for the majority of therapy sessions. Results indicated that participants endorsed significant preference for receiving an EST over other treatment variables for all clinical disorders, with effect sizes ...
Effects of lead time of verbal collision warning messages on driving behavior in connected vehicle settings

Abstract Introduction Under the connected vehicle environment, vehicles will be able to exchange traffic information with roadway infrastructure and other vehicles. With such information, collision warning systems (CWSs) will be able to warn drivers with potentially hazardous situations within or out of sight and reduce collision accidents. The lead time of warning messages is a crucial factor in determining the effectiveness of CWSs in the prevention of traffic accidents. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the effects of lead time on driving behaviors and explore the optimal lead time in various collision scenarios. Methods The present driving simulator experiment studied the effects of controlled lead time at 16 levels (predetermined time headway from the subject vehicle to the collision location when the warning message broadcasted to a driver) on driving behaviors in various collision scenarios. Results Maximum effectiveness of warning messages was achieved when the controlled lead time was within the range of 5 s to 8 s. Specifically, the controlled lead time ranging from 4 s to 8 s led to the optimal safety benefit; and the controlled lead time ranging from 5 s to 8 s led to more gradual braking and shorter reaction time. Furthermore, a trapezoidal distribution of warning effectiveness was found by building a statistic model using curve estimation considering lead time, lifetime driving experience, and driving speed. Conclusions The results indicated that the controlled lead time significantly affected driver performance. Practical applications The findings have implications for the design of collision warning systems.
ncRNA function in chromatin organization

Abstract Recent advances in genome sequencing have led to many surprising discoveries in both humans and many model systems. One of the most important such discoveries has been that the majority of the genome is transcribed. The function of this large transcriptome is currently an area of active research. Many questions remain open, including the biogenic mechanisms of these RNAs, the protein complexes with which they interact, and perhaps most importantly, their physiological function. It can be inferred that many of the newly discovered RNAs of the mammalian transcriptome are noncoding (ncRNAs) due to the absence of open reading frames, a strict nuclear localization, and no observable association with the ribosome. Many of these noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical for the regulation of chromatin structure. Multiple mechanisms by which they regulate chromatin structure have been determined, and many more are likely to be uncovered. It can be difficult to classify ncRNAs because of variations in their form and function. For the purposes of this review, we shall utilize three metrics: (1) size (greater or less than 200 nucleotides); (2) does it regulate chromatin structure in cis or trans; and (3) does it activate or repress gene expression. Attention will also be paid to a class of ncRNAs, which can be more accurately thought of as allosteric regulators of protein: DNA interactions. In such cases, the regulation is more of a switch between two states and less simple activation or repression. The goal of this chapter is to provide a framework for understanding both the current knowledge and future breakthroughs in the biology of ncRNAs and chromatin structure.
Land Use/Land Cover Planning Nexus: a Space-Time Multi-Scalar Assessment of Urban Growth in the Tulsa Metropolitan Statistical Area

This study employs remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and spatial statistical modeling to structurally characterize urban growth and spatially understand its drivers in an effort to assess the outcome of the 1974 Tulsa Metropolitan Statistical Area (TMSA) comprehensive land use plan. Results demonstrate that the TMSA witnessed significant alterations in land use/land cover (LULC) spatial extent and structure over the assessment period and further illustrate that median household income, population density, sales, and construction cost are key drivers that influenced the structural character of LULC between 1990 and 2011. The assessment shows that the spatial and temporal patterns within development districts deviated from that prescribed in the comprehensive plan while spatial development within intensity corridors mirrors the goals and objectives set in the plan. Aberrations between plan objectives and outcomes can be attributed to upward mobility in financial status, growth in markets, and political climate.
Quantifying Level of Microbial-Induced Cementation for Cyclically Loaded Sand

AbstractMicrobial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a novel soil-improvement technique that improves the behavior of sands subjected to dynamic loading. The level of cementation of MICP-treat...
Abbreviated Breast MRI

Breast MRI demonstrates high sensitivity for breast cancer detection, beyond that of mammography and ultrasound. Numerous factors limit the widespread application of MRI as a screening modality for all women, including time-consuming protocols which may occupy the MRI system for 30–60 min, and which are costly, difficult for patients and limit clinical accessibility. Recently researchers have questioned which MR sequences are truly necessary in the screening setting to achieve the desired sensitivity of a screening examination. The definition of an abbreviated MR protocol varies from study to study and research is ongoing to optimize such a protocol. Possibilities include limiting the exam to one post-contrast sequence, utilizing T2-weighted or diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) or employing time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories (TWIST) sequences. Decreased image acquisition and reading time in the screening MRI setting could potentially decrease cost and increase women’s access to screening breast MRI without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy and cancer yield.
Becoming Ambicultural: A Guide for Managers and Organizations

Ambicultural organizations and executives go a step beyond simply embracing different thoughts and behaviors—they transcend divisions to integrate such “opposites” as competition and cooperation, East and West or Chinese and American business approaches and strategies. They combine the best of two or more entities—cultures, ideas, practices—while avoiding the shortcomings of each. Excerpt UVA-S-0253 Rev. Feb. 6, 2018 Becoming Ambicultural: A Guide for Managers and Organizations The world today is intricately interconnected—and more divided than ever. How can managers and companies navigate the complexities of business in this paradoxically globalized, yet fragmented world? My perspective on managing differs a bit from conventional methods. I view management through the lens of ambiculturalism. In my 2013 presidential address to the Academy of Management, I proposed that an ambicultural approach may be used successfully in business or any endeavor—our work, our career, our life. The essence of the idea is this: every incidence or observation that challenges assumptions or runs counter to intuition or long-held beliefs holds the seeds for new understanding and learning. . . .
Heavy metal in cancer: The cell cycle jams with arsenic.

Arsenic may be most well-known as a poison and carcinogen, but its potential for medical use is also not entirely new. Arsenic trioxide's (ATO) history has its start in traditional Chinese medicine...
Innovation in Information Systems and Valuation of Intangibles

Innovations in information systems, including the adoption of new information technologies and the creation of new flows of knowledge and information beyond traditional boundaries, represent an emerging form of intangibles relevant for firms from a wide range of industries. We examine firms’ incentives to invest in the production of this intangible and provide evidence on the role of this innovation in the value creation of firms’ intangibles. Our research setting involves firms using internet to create a continuous stream of new knowledge about the firm’s performance and share it with external stakeholders. We find that firms with more investment in other intangibles, such as R&D and advertising, are more likely to undertake this type of information systems innovation. We also find that this innovation enhances the value of firms’ other intangibles, including investor trust in the firm and firms’ investment in R&D and advertising. Thus, our study demonstrates that innovation in information systems creates a distinct and valuable intangible asset and complements firms’ other intangibles.
Principles and trends in quantum nano-electronics and nano-magnetics for beyond-CMOS computing

An analysis of research in quantum nanoelectronics and nanomagnetics for beyond CMOS devices is presented. Some device proposals and demonstrations are reviewed. Based on that, trends in this field are identified. Principles for development of competitive computing technologies are formulated. Results of beyond-CMOS circuit benchmarking are reviewed.
Communication strategies for patients with dementia.

MY MOM HAS DEMENTIA, and she doesn't remember me. When I was a young girl, she held my hand as I walked to my first day of kindergarten. She celebrated my triumphs and cried with me. She smiled at me when I said my wedding vows and taught me how to be a mom, but today I'm another random piec
Mechanisms underlying weight status and healthcare avoidance in women: A study of weight stigma, body-related shame and guilt, and healthcare stress.

Abstract Studies show that women with high BMI are less likely than thinner women to seek healthcare. We aimed to determine the mechanisms linking women’s weight status to their healthcare avoidance. Women (N = 313) were surveyed from a U.S. health-panel database. We tested a theory-driven model containing multiple stigma and body-related constructs linking BMI to healthcare avoidance. The model had a good fit to the data. Higher BMI was related to greater experienced and internalized weight stigma, which were linked to greater body-related shame. Internalized weight stigma was also related to greater body-related guilt, which was associated with higher body-related shame. Body-related shame was associated with healthcare stress which ultimately contributed to healthcare avoidance. We discuss recommendations for a Weight Inclusive Approach to healthcare and the importance of enhancing education for health professionals in weight bias in order to increase appropriate use of preventive healthcare in higher weight women.
Trust Quantification for Networked Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are highly integrated hardware–software devices that electro-mechanical components are tightly coupled with advanced computational algorithms for data collection, processing, communication, and control. Internet of Things is the emerging application of CPS. The main research challenge in designing CPS devices and systems is the quantification of complex system behaviors, such as consciousness, adaptation, and evolution. Particularly trust becomes an important element that affects system behavior in the networked society. To capture the unique human societal and systems aspects of trustworthiness quantification for CPS, in this paper, trustworthiness is measured by the perceptions of ability, benevolence, and integrity quantitatively. Ability measures one’s sensing and reasoning capability and influence to others. Benevolence captures the genuineness of intention and the extent of reciprocity in information exchange. Integrity provides the confidence about system dependability and predictability. A generic probabilistic graph model is developed to represent CPS functionality at mesoscale and demonstrate the perception-based quantification of ability and benevolence. Trust-based CPS network design and optimization are also demonstrated with the metrics of ability and benevolence.
Evaluating the performance of an IR imaging system: a tutorial

At NVESD, the targeting task performance (TTP) metric applies a weighting of different system specifications that is determined from the scene geometry to calculate a probability of task performance. In this correspondence we detail how to utilize an imaging system specification document to obtain a baseline performance estimate using the Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM), the corresponding requirements and potential assumptions. We then discuss how measurements can be performed to update the model to give a more accurate prediction of performance, detailing the procedure taken at NVESD Advanced Sensor Evaluation Facility (ASEF) lab utilizing the Night Vision Laboratory Capture (NVLabCap) software. Finally, we show how the outputs of the measurement can be compared to those of the initial specification sheet based model and evaluated against a requirements document. The modeling components and data sets produced for this work are available upon request and will serve as a means to benchmark of performance for both modeling and measurement methods.
Precision Medicine: Familiarity, Perceived Health Drivers, and Genetic Testing Considerations Across Health Literacy Levels in a Diverse Sample.

A clear awareness of a patient’s knowledge, values, and perspectives is an important component of effective genetic counseling. Advances in precision medicine, however, have outpaced our understanding of patient perceptions of this new approach. Patient views may differ across the three domains of precision medicine (genetics, behavioral, and environmental determinants of health), ethnic/racial groups, and health literacy levels. This study describes and compares group differences in familiarity, perceptions, and preferences for precision medicine in a diverse sample. Between 2016 and 2017, 252 participants completed a 10–15-min survey in three primary care clinics in Florida and Tennessee. The final sample was 42.5% African American/Black, 25.8% Hispanic/Latino, 25.0% White, and 6.7% other ethnicity/race. Less than a quarter of participants reported being familiar with the term “precision medicine,” but were more familiar with basic genetic terms. Participants with higher health literacy reported greater familiarity with terms (p ≤ .003). African Americans/Black participants were more likely to identify ethnicity/race and discrimination as influencing their health (p ≤ .004). When deciding to get a genetic test, individuals across ethnic/racial groups shared similar considerations. Those with higher health literacy, however, gave significantly greater importance to provider trust (p ≤ .008). Given the recent emergence of precision medicine, at present there may be limited differences in patient perceptions across ethnic/racial groups. Culturally sensitive efforts, tailored to health literacy level, may aid equitable precision medicine uptake.
Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Processes in Weakly Ionized Air Using Three-Temperature Models

Two three-temperature thermochemical nonequilibrium models were used to simulate the relaxation processes in weakly ionized air in compression and expansion regions. The three energy equations were...
Association between S. Typhi-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T responses in the terminal ileum mucosa and in peripheral blood elicited by the live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a in humans

CD4+ and CD8+ T subsets are essential components of the adaptive immune system which act in concert at the site of infections to effectively protect against pathogens. Very limited data is availabl...
Policy Effects on Mental Health Status and Mental Health Care Disparities

Policies that are directed at increasing access to mental health care for ethnic minority communities are needed. However, our review suggests that insurance alone is unlikely to result in substantial decreases in mental healthcare disparities for ethnic minority communities. We also consider disparities affecting sexual and gender minority populations, undocumented individuals, and African Americans and Latinos who are unjustly incarcerated. Comprehensive programs, such as collaborative care within health care settings, are needed to decrease these disparities. We propose that quality of care for healthcare organizations should include measures of disparities so that eliminating disparities would be considered an indicator of high-quality care. Mental health policy advocates should not only support policies that increase access to quality care for minorities, but also support anti-discrimination policies that are likely to have a major impact on the mental health status and mental healthcare use of minority populations.
Improved Table Retrieval Using Multiple Context Embeddings for Attributes

Table retrieval is the task of extracting the most relevant tables to answer a user’s query. Table retrieval is an important task because many domains have tables that contain useful information in a structured form. Given a user’s query, the goal is to obtain a relevance ranking for query-table pairs, such that higher ranked tables should be more relevant to the query. In this paper, we present a context-aware table retrieval method that is based on a novel embedding for attribute tokens. We find that differentiated types of contexts are useful in building word embeddings. We also find that including a specialized representation of numerical cell values in our model improves table retrieval performance. We use the trained model to predict different contexts of every table. We show that the predicted contexts are useful in ranking tables against a query using a multi-field ranking approach. We evaluate our approach using public WikiTables data, and we demonstrate improvements in terms of NDCG over unsupervised baseline methods in the table retrieval task.
Soup, Harmony, and Disagreement

Is the ancient Confucian ideal of he 和, ‘harmony,’ a viable ideal in pluralistic societies composed of people and groups who subscribe to different ideals of the good and moral life? Is harmony compatible with accepting, even encouraging, difference and the freedom to think differently? I start with seminal characterizations of harmony in Confucian texts and then aim to chart ways harmony and freedom can be compatible and even mutually supportive while recognizing the constant possibility of conflict between them. I shall point out how the Confucian notion of harmony resonates with the Indian King Asoka's project of promoting religious pluralism. Along the way, I will make some comments of a ‘meta’ nature about the kind of interpretation I am offering of harmony in the Confucian texts and the use to which I am putting this interpretation by setting it in the context of societies that in important respects are quite different from the ones from which concepts of harmony originally emerged.
Blood, Water, and the Indus Waters Treaty

The contested and divided province of Jammu and Kashmir, situated on the western side of the Hindu Kush Himalayan Mountains is one of the most dangerous and heavily militarized places on earth. It is a Muslim-majority borderland harboring contested territorial claims of three nuclear powers—India, Pakistan, and China. Through it flow the headwaters of the six major tributaries that form the massive Indus Basin, the essential fresh water source for Pakistan and for upwards of 300 million Indians and Pakistanis. Since 1960, the unusual Indus Waters Treaty has governed the use of these waters. The treaty forwards a water-division rather than a water-sharing arrangement. Pakistan is assigned the three major western tributaries (the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab Rivers), and India is assigned the three eastern tributaries (the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej Rivers). Multiple changes in circumstance, principally due to population growth and climate change tax the operation of the treaty, which has been praised as one of the world’s most successful transboundary water treaties and perhaps the best example of decades-long cooperation between these two bitter enemies. Recent events, linking Pakistan-based terrorist attacks, Hindu nationalism, and constitutional changes to the status of Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir, resulted in India’s announcement of its intention to capture all unutilized water flowing into Pakistan from its eastern tributaries. This hard legalization of the terms of the treaty threatens to take the Indus Waters Treaty to its breaking point while evincing existential anxieties in Pakistan over tightening water supply that already make it the third most water stressed country in the world. This article reviews the combustible interface of international riparian law and international customary law with the geopolitics of one of the most dangerous corners of the world, suggesting that the business as usual approach for the Indus Waters Treaty no longer provides a meaningful solution. Backed into a corner from which no ready pathway for revision prevails, this article argues that the parties can only at best undertake much needed domestic breathing space for the Indus Waters Treaty, until that time when an environment for meaningful hydro-diplomacy can take hold.
IgM on the surface of T cells: a novel biomarker of pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently have kidney involvement. Lupus nephritis sometimes presents alone, without systemic SLE features, representing the so-called full-house nephropathy (FHN). Distinguishing patients with SLE or FHN has therapeutic and prognostic implications. In this retrospective observational study, we determined the presence of IgM on the surface of T cells (T cell IgM) by flow cytometry and characterized its ability in distinguishing SLE and FHN patients in a large pediatric cohort (n = 84). Fifty-seven patients with SLE (≥ 4 SLICC criteria at disease onset or during the follow-up) and 27 patients with FHN (3 or less SLICC criteria) were enrolled. Elevated T cell IgM levels were found in 24/25 SLE patients in active phase of disease and in 29/45 SLE patients in remission. In contrast, among FHN patients, only 1/9 presented this characteristic in active phase of disease and 0/20 in remission. Compared with standardized SLICC laboratory parameters, i.e., autoantibody titers and hypocomplementemia, T cell IgM positivity showed an extremely high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SLE, with the highest area under the curve (0.97, p < 0.001) by receiver operating characteristic analysis, similar to ANA (0.96, p < 0.001) and anti-dsDNA (0.90, p < 0.001) autoantibodies. Altogether, our data indicate that T cell IgM intensity may be a useful tool to correctly classify patients with lupus nephritis as SLE or FHN since disease onset.
Critical Review of Perovskite Photovoltaic Life Cycle Environmental Impact Studies

This paper investigates the most commonly proposed organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) architectures in terms of their potential life-cycle environmental impacts. We critically review the validity of assumptions and the results of previously published studies. As great challenges remain in scaling up devices from laboratory scale to large-area module manufacturing, we focus this investigation on materials and processes that have a good scalability potential and minimum possible environmental footprints. Thus, we calculate and compare PSC prospective environmental life-cycle impacts in terms of global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP) while assessing the scalability of associated manufacturing processes.
Deep learning-based detection of COVID-19 using wearables data

Background COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that is primarily diagnosed using laboratory tests, which are frequently not administered until after symptom onset. However, SARS-CoV-2 is contagious multiple days before symptom onset and diagnosis, thus enhancing its transmission through the population. Methods In this retrospective study, we collected 15 seconds to one-minute heart rate and steps interval data from Fitbit devices during the COVID-19 period (February 2020 until June 2020). Resting heart rate was computed by selecting the heart rate intervals where steps were zero for 12 minutes ahead of an interrogated time point. Data for each participant was divided into train or baseline by taking the days before the non-infectious period and test data by taking the days during the COVID-19 infectious period. Data augmentation was used to increase the size of the training days. Here, we developed a deep learning approach based on a Long Short-Term Memory Networks-based autoencoder, called LAAD, to predict COVID-19 infection by detecting abnormal resting heart rate in test data relative to the user baseline. Findings We detected an abnormal resting heart rate during the period of viral infection (7 days before the symptom onset and 21 days after) in 92% (23 out of 25 cases) of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. In 56% (14) of cases, LAAD detection identified cases in their pre-symptomatic phase whereas 36% (9 cases) were detected after the onset of symptoms with an average precision score of 0.91, recall score of 0.36 and F-beta score of 0.79. In COVID-19 positive patients, abnormal RHR patterns start 5 days before symptom onset (6.9 days in pre-symptomatic cases and 1.9 days later in post-symptomatic cases). COVID-19 positive patients have longer abnormal resting heart rate periods (89 hours or 3.7 days) as compared to healthy individuals (25 hours or 1.1 days). Interpretation These findings show that deep learning neural networks and wearables data are an effective method for the early detection of COVID-19 infection. Additional validation data will help guide the use of this and similar techniques in real-world infection surveillance and isolation policies to reduce transmission and end the pandemic.
Creating a 'Molecular Band-Aid'; Blocking an Exposed Protease Target Site in Desmoplakin.

Desmoplakin (DSP) is a large (~260 kDa) protein found in the desmosome, a subcellular complex that links the cytoskeleton of one cell to its neighbor. A mutation ‘hot-spot’ within the NH2-terminal third of the DSP protein (specifically, residues 299–515) is associated with both cardiomyopathies and skin defects. In select DSP variants, disease is linked specifically to the uncovering of a previously-occluded calpain target site (residues 447–451). Here, we partially stabilize these calpain-sensitive DSP clinical variants through the addition of a secondary single point mutation—tyrosine for leucine at amino acid position 518 (L518Y). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and enzymatic assays reveal that this stabilizing mutation partially blocks access to the calpain target site, resulting in restored DSP protein levels. This ‘molecular band-aid’ provides a novel way to maintain DSP protein levels, which may lead to new strategies for treating this subset of DSP-related disorders.
Transmission of Musculotendon Forces to the Index Finger

This chapter reviews work completed by the authors and others to examine the mechanisms of musculotendon force transmission to the index finger and, ultimately, to generation of desired force at or movement of the fingertip. Specifically we examined the roles of finger posture, passive joint impedance, anatomical pulleys, and the extensor hood in mapping muscle forces to finger dynamics. Results from in vivo and in vitro experiments, as well as from biomechanical modeling of the musculotendon structure of the index finger, are provided. These findings can inform both the study of motor control of the hand and the potential design of robotic end-effectors.
Putting Christian Congregational Song on the Geographer’s Map

Worship through congregational song has been studied with attention to both texts and music, both practices of composition and reception, using a variety of methods and by practitioners of several academic disciplines including musicology, theology, sociology, ethnography, and social and intellectual history, with minimal engagement with geography. Meanwhile, cultural geographers have cultivated a rich body of studies of geography and music (Carney, Nash and Carney, Waterman, Duffy) with little engagement of Christian congregational song. Geographers are uniquely positioned to understand key aspects of communal singing, including regional differences, the spatial distribution of singing practices, the interplay of immigration and singing practices, the relationship between congregational singing and spatial dimensions of human experience and identity. Congregational song offers geographers access to a potent site for the formation of worldview and the identity of millions. This research proposes six trajectories for the study of Christian congregation song by geographers; (1) those that reflect and shape perceptions of the physical world and geopolitics; (2) practices that are identified with location; (3) songs that draw upon the elements of the physical world as metaphors and mental models; (4) patterns of use and reception including those that resist patterns of immigration, diffusion, colonization and colonialism and globalization; (5) perceptions of what are “central” and “peripheral” in religious experience; and (6) hymns in response to catastrophes. These trajectories suggest that the study of congregational song fits will within typical thematic tracks in geography as a whole and those studies by geographers on music.
An Early Assessment of Start-Up Chile (Innovations Case Commentary: Start-Up Chile)

remarkable buzz. Young entrepreneurs in Santiago—a city that until recently was not considered a major entrepreneurship hub, often recognize the program’s name. Start-Up Chile has become the central convening force for a national entrepreneurial movement: although its collaborative office space is in the nation’s capital, its ripple effects are felt throughout the country, where entrepreneurs and local leaders have begun organizing meet-up events and conferences to promote discussions around innovation. The program has received even more attention internationally: plaudits have come from sources as wide-ranging as technology bloggers, start-up hacker societies, the Kauffman Foundation, and The Economist. In Chile, excitement around the program may stem mainly from the community and university events, new opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs, and the program’s inspiring messaging, which conveys a vision for the country’s cultural transformation. The excitement abroad comes from less Chile-centric aspects of the program. For earlystage, location-independent foreign entrepreneurs—thus far, applying from over 70 countries globally—Start-Up Chile seems to be a proposition that cannot lose. Selected applicants receive an almost instantly deployed one-year working visa without having to work for another company, US$40,000 without having to give up an equity stake in their company, and a welcoming community of fellow founders from all around the world—and many more benefits. For proponents of entrepreneurship and innovation in the academic and foundation worlds, Start-Up Chile offers not only a new model to boost regional entrepreneurship but also the potential for a global movement of interconnected start-up networks. For Chileans, foreign applicant entrepreneurs, and hopeful influencers of policy alike, the project’s early successes seem to predict future ones. However, it is important to discern Ted Gonder
All-optical access node using a novel self-synchronization scheme

Summary form only given. We demonstrate all-optical serial processing for a 100-Gbit/s access node using a novel self-synchronization scheme, which utilizes gain saturation in a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) followed by self-phase modulation (SPM) in an optical fiber. The contrast ratio for the header processor is 10:1 and for the demultiplexer is 20:1. Our design avoids the complexity of generating and propagating marker pulses because all pulses in the frame can be identical.
Do Best Practices in Legal Education Include Emphasis on Compositional Modes of Studying Law as a Liberal Art

Reporter's Notes on "A Liberal Education in Law: Engaging the Legal Imagination through Research and Writing Beyond the Curriculum."
Regime Shifts in Short Term Riskless Interest Rates

Chan, Karolyi, Longstaff, and Sanders [1992] find no evidence that the October 1979 change in Federal Reserve operating policy resulted in a once-and-for-all deterministic break in the behavior of short term riskless interest rates. In contrast, we provide evidence of such a regime shift even after allowing the volatility of interest rate changes to depend on the level of interest rates. However, rather than modeling this regime shift as a permanent event with no further shifts possible, it is more realistic to model the change in regimes itself as a random variable. Accordingly, we put forward a stochastic volatility interest rate model which generalizes previous specifications of interest rate dynamics and allows testing for stochastic regime shifts. This Markov regime shifting model provides a more accurate description of the behavior of U.S. short term riskless interest rates. We also consider a specification that allows interest rate volatility to follow a diffusion process and we provide a statistically efficient integration-based filtering procedure to estimate its parameters. Given U.S. short term riskless interest rate data, we cannot statistically distinguish between these alternative models. In either case, once the stochastic nature of interest rate volatility is taken into account, we find little or no evidence of a deterministic structural break in corresponding stochastic volatility interest rate dynamics around October 1979.
Aesthetic Experience, Hermeneutics, and Curriculum

AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE, HERMENEUTICS, AND CURRICULUM Over the years there have been many attempts to develop sound reasons for including the arts in education. In the more recent attempts, such as those by the developers of Discipline Based Arts Education, Maxine Greene’s work in a phenomenological, existentialist approach, Sheryle Bergmann-Drewe’s work on reasoning, and Donald Arnstine’s response to Drewe, the focus has been on knowledge enhancement. In this essay I am going to take issue with this approach and offer another way to value the arts for education. To begin with I will review Drewe’s and Arnstine’s work as good examples of the knowledge approach.
NaradaBrokering: a distributed middleware framework and architecture for enabling durable peer-to-peer grids

A Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Grid would comprise services that include those of Grids and P2P networks and naturally support environments that have features of both limiting cases. Such a P2P grid integrates the evolving ideas of computational grids, distributed objects, web services, P2P networks and message oriented middleware. In this paper we investigate the architecture, comprising a distributed brokering system that will support such a hybrid environment. Access to services can then be mediated either by the middleware or alternatively by direct P2P interactions between machines.
Some Variations on Maxwell’s Equations

Maxwell’s equations are among the most beautiful in physics, unifying the forces of electricity and magnetism in a classical field theory that explains electromagnetic waves [1]. Some well-known, profoundly-motivated variations on Maxwell’s equations have included the Born-Infeld theory (a nonlinear but Lorentz-covariant modification, that introduces an effective upper bound to the electric field strength), and the Yang-Mills equations (introducing non-Abelian gauge potentials) [2, 3]. These ideas go back many decades, and have deeply influenced the development of theoretical physics. Indeed, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in non-Abelian Born-Infeld Lagrangians [4], which turn out to have important application in string theory and related subjects [5, 6, 7, 8]. More recently, variations of Maxwell’s equations have been considered as “test theories,” with respect to which observations in astrophysics can provide upper bounds to deviations from the usual equations or laws of physics [9, 10]. We nevertheless seek to approach the idea of modifying Maxwell’s equations in new ways with appropriate humility. None of the variations considered in this article is ad hoc. Rather, each occurred in answer to a specific question in fundamental physics.
Marx y Martí: lógicas del desencuentro

The contemporary oblivion of Marxism is not only due to a case of theoretical expiration. This article intends to demonstrate this oblivion as being a symptom and, to that extent, posits that the complacencies caused by this forgetting are the result of the genealogical denial of the Marxist experience. As a way to combat the very complicity of this oblivion, the article lays out a genealogy of "Counter-memory" based on disencounter logics. By means of this genealogy it brings to light new developments in the history between Marxism and Latin America.