cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 2500-year historical ecology of agricultural production under empire in Dhiban, Jordan

Abstract Archaeological plant remains have played a limited role in understanding how pre-modern imperial interventions affected the lives of communities incorporated into their political networks. The analysis of paleoethnobotanical data collected from a multi-year excavation project in Dhiban, Jordan, illustrates how the high-resolution and systematic sampling of archaeological plant remains within a historical ecological framework can provide new insights into long-term changes in agricultural practice in the context of shifts in non-local imperial interventions. The analysis of over 200 archaeological sediment samples representing nearly 2500 years of inhabitation reveal shifts in the relative abundances of particular crops correlating to separate moments of imperial intervention, in particular during the Byzantine (ca. 330–635 CE) and Mamluk (ca. 1250–1450 CE) empires.
A STUDY OF MIXED MILK SAMPLE METHODS OF SEDIMENT TESTING USING OFF-THE-BOTTOM STANDARDS AND EQUIPMENT, FOR POSSIBLE USE WITH FARM BULK MILK HOLDING TANKS*,**,***

Tests indicate that the milk in farm bulk tanks can be tested for sediment by using a 1 quart mixed milk sample and concentrating the sediment on ¼ the area of a standard sediment disc or by using ...
Rural Outreach Chemistry for Kids (R.O.C.K.) A Service Project to Involve More than Chemistry Majors in a Chemistry Club

The Saint Francis College chemistry club has been invigorated through the use of a service oriented outreach program, Rural Outreach Chemistry for Kids (R.O.C.K.). The R.O.C.K. program has been in operation for approximately two years and we have reached over 600 K–12 students through a number of outreach activities, both on and off campus. The focus of the R.O.C.K. program is to have the K–12 students actively involved in the presentation that are organized and run by the St. Francis College Chemistry Club members.
Rearing of ectoparasitoid Diapetimorpha introita on an artificial diet: supplementation with insect cell line-derived factors

We investigated the use of two insect cell lines to improve an artificial diet (DI) for the pupal ectoparasitoid Diapetimorpha introita. DI was supplemented with Grace's culture medium conditioned with IPL-LdFB, a cell line derived from fat body of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (FBCell diet), and with Grace's medium conditioned with Sf9, a cell line derived from ovaries of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9Cell diet). The diets were also chemically analyzed for nutrients and any deficiencies were filled by the addition of nutrients. One-half ml aliquots of each diet were encapsulated in paraffin domes and newly hatched larvae of D. introita were placed on each diet (one larva/dome) and allowed to develop to the adult stage. Providing fresh diet on day four when the larvae were in the third instar did not improve parasitoid production. Compared with DI, only Sf9Cell had a positive effect on the parasitoid's growth, increasing the size of male parasitoids. The parasitoids, however, took longer to develop to the adult stage than those reared on the natural host. Neither cell line significantly enhanced the average weight of female parasitoids, shortened developmental time, nor increased % cocoons produced and % adult emergence. Providing additional nutrients (amino acids, vitamins, cations and anions, fatty acids and milk/egg protein) to both diets (based on chemical analyses of the cell line-supplemented diets) enhanced the average weight of the females on Sf9Cell and males and females on FBCell. The nutritional additions, however, did not improve the developmental time, pupation and adult emergence.
Equilibrium control in enyne metathesis: crossover studies and the kinetic reactivity of (E,Z)-1,3-disubstituted-1,3-dienes.

The stereoselectivity of diene bond formation in the ruthenium−carbene mediated intermolecular enyne metathesis was studied. Initial reaction between an alkyne and 1-hexene gave mixtures of E- and ...
Octadecyloxyethyl benzyl tenofovir: A novel tenofovir diester provides sustained intracellular levels of tenofovir diphosphate.

Abstract Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with topically or systemically administered antiretroviral agents can prevent acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, in clinical trials using tenofovir-containing agents, HIV-1 acquisition is reduced but not eliminated. Incomplete adherence remains the major contributor to failure. Sustained release or long-acting antiretroviral agents may provide better HIV-1 protection by reducing the clinical impact of incomplete adherence. To reduce dosing frequency, we synthesized a novel tenofovir prodrug, octadecyloxyethyl benzyl tenofovir (ODE-Bn-TFV), that is designed to release TFV slowly in tissues, and showed potent anti-HIV activity in vitro (EC50 = 1.7 nM). In cells exposed to 14C labeled TFV, ODE-Bn-TFV or the quickly activated monoester ODE-TFV, rapid cellular uptake for both lipophilic analogs was noted, achieving 50-fold higher levels than unmodified TFV after 48 h. Following exposure to ODE-[8–14C]TFV, the intracellular diphosphate levels were approximately four-fold higher than with ODE-Bn-TFV. However, intracellular TFVpp drug levels fell rapidly yielding a half-life of about two days. TFVpp levels in ODE-Bn-TFV treated cells decreased much more slowly and reached half-maximal levels in about seven days. These results suggest early accumulation of ODE-Bn-TFV followed by sustained intracellular release following cleavage of the ester bonds linking the ODE and benzyl moieties to the active molecular precursor, thereby potentially allowing for less frequent administration than with more rapidly activated forms of tenofovir.
Canagliflozin-induced Fanconi syndrome in a patient with previously unrecognized type 1 diabetes.

Purpose Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor which received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in 2013 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fanconi syndrome is a rare acquired disorder which typically occurs in adults as an adverse effect of medications. The literature includes few case reports of Fanconi syndrome caused by the use of canagliflozin. Here, we present a case of Fanconi syndrome in a patient with type 1 diabetes previously miscategorized as type 2 diabetes. Summary A 32-year-old woman with a 6-year history of type 2 diabetes was started on canagliflozin. Within 2 months of therapy initiation, she began to develop symptoms of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Further laboratory test results showed severe life-threatening hypophosphatemia. Further investigation by nephrology revealed the presence of Fanconi syndrome. During the admission, she was found to have clinical and laboratory features of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. After discontinuation of canagliflozin, she was treated with intravenous (i.v.) fluids for hydration, subcutaneous insulin, and i.v. potassium phosphate. She recovered from all metabolic acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities. Conclusion Fanconi syndrome is a rare, exogenously acquired disorder in adults that often develops as an adverse effect of medication therapy. Our patient presented with Fanconi syndrome as a complication of canagliflozin use for the treatment of presumed type 2 diabetes. She was then started on subcutaneous insulin monotherapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Heart Rate Variability Reactivity Moderates the Indirect Link Between Child Maltreatment and Young Adult Alcohol Use Problems Via Depressive Symptoms.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Young adults with childhood maltreatment (CM) histories are particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems. Research suggests that maltreated youth may misuse alcohol in part to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, many youths with depressive symptoms exercise self-control and abstain from heavy alcohol use. The present study aimed to examine the influence of heart rate variability reactivity (HRV-R), a psychophysiological biomarker of self-regulation, in the indirect link between CM and alcohol-use problems via depressive symptoms among low socioeconomic-status rural young adults. METHODS Two waves of data were collected from a community sample of 225 low socioeconomic-status nonmetropolitan young adults (Mage = 21.56, 52.9% female). HRV data were obtained with an electrocardiogram during a social stress task. CM was assessed through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Alcohol use problems were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. RESULTS The indirect effect of CM on alcohol use problems via elevated depressive symptoms was positive and significant (α × β = .159, P < .001). Self-regulation, indicated by high HRV-R (ie, vagal withdrawal), was found to significantly buffer the link between depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems (β = .193, P = .022). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Adequate self-regulation capacities can protect maltreated youths from self-medicating alcohol use problems. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study will advance researchers' understanding of the development of alcohol use problems through unwrapping the risk and protective mechanisms underlying the association between young adults' early life stress and alcohol use behaviors. (Am J Addict 2020;29:141-150).
Reparative Prosocial Behavior Difficulties across Childhood Predict Poorer Social Functioning and Depression in Adolescence

Difficulty using reparative behaviors (i.e., prosocial behaviors that individuals use after they have transgressed to cause another’s distress) has been concurrently associated with poorer social functioning and both internalizing and externalizing disorders in children and adults. Despite these associations, no study has examined social and psychological outcomes of children who display consistently low levels of reparative behaviors across childhood. This study used established developmental trajectories of reparative behaviors that span preschool through early adolescence (low-stable, moderate-stable, and high-stable) to predict social and psychological outcomes in adolescence (N = 129). Membership in trajectories characterized by lower levels of reparative behaviors predicted greater social rejection, social withdrawal, aggression, and symptoms of depression in adolescence, even when controlling for baseline levels of each outcome. Membership in the low-stable reparative trajectory also significantly mediated the relationship between high levels of guilt in preschool and greater depression severity in adolescence. Findings suggest that children who display persistently low levels of reparative behaviors may be at-risk for a variety of poorer social and emotional outcomes. Further, preschoolers who display both high levels of guilt and low levels of reparative behaviors may be at particularly high risk for depression recurrence in adolescence. Thus, interventions that teach young children reparative skills and/or promote approach rather than avoidance after transgressions may have important implications for preventing a wide range of poorer social and emotional outcomes in adolescence.
LCIO: Large Scale Filesystem Aging

Performance of file systems shift during their life cycles. Evaluating this performance change over time is not trivial. Complexity arises in the interplay between external (i.e. application I/O workloads) and internal (i.e. the filesystem state) factors. Many benchmarks can test how a filesystem performs at the current snapshot state, but to observe the change over time necessitates that the filesystem state mutate (age) between benchmark runs. For a large-scale HPC parallel filesystem, the sheer scale and amount of interacting components during I/O operations magnify these challenges.
Preventing asthma deaths in young people

Abstract Children die from asthma. When this happens, in almost all cases, there are avoidable and modifiable risk factors. Healthcare professionals can take simple steps, when we see children with asthma, that may prevent a death. These include identifying risk from a good history, ensuring children have the right treatment (and that they know how to take it), seeing hospitalisation as a trigger to educate children and families, and addressing wider determinants of health.
Complexities of Advocacy Alliances: A Book Review for Allies and Obstacles: Disability Activism and Parents of Children with Disabilities

This personal reflection considers how hobbies have helped me restore order to my routine during COVID-19. I consider pressures that my chronic health conditions placed on working from home during a pandemic, and I attempt to consider why other people might utilize similar coping strategies to my bread baking.
Denominational Differences in US Synagogues' Promotion of Youth Physical Activity Programming.

Less than 25% of US children 6–17 years of age are sufficiently active. Faith-based settings are one of the nine societal sectors tasked with promoting physical activity (PA). Religious organizations frequently use diverse media, including websites, bulletins/newsletters, and calendars to inform current/potential members of events. These could be used to inform youth congregants about PA programs and/or various programs (e.g., worship, social group) with a PA component. We aimed to identify types of PA offerings available to youth and detect disparities by denomination. We performed a systematic line-by-line analysis of website content for a nationally representative, proportionate random sample of 1386 US synagogues representing five denominations: Humanistic (n = 24), Reconstructionist (n = 86), Reform (n = 462), Conservative (n = 368), and Orthodox (n = 446). We utilized crosstabulations and post hoc analyses (z scores) to identify denominational differences by a priori determined program type: education, worship, youth group, and preschool. Only 35% of the synagogues overall mentioned provision of at least one PA across program types. Proportions by denomination included: Humanistic (8%), Reconstructionist (48%), Reform (29%), Conservative (60%), and Orthodox (21%). There were denominational differences for education, worship, and preschool, with Conservative synagogue websites mentioning PA programs more frequently than expected. Future research should survey synagogue clergy and those overseeing media content toward understanding the decision-making process for mentioning/omitting PA when advertising youth programming.
Association of Ocular Adverse Events With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients in Abu Dhabi.

Importance As vaccinations against COVID-19 continue, potential ocular adverse events should be reported in detail to increase awareness among the medical community, although typically, a causal relationship cannot be established definitively. Objective To describe ocular adverse events that occur soon after receiving an inactivated COVID-19 vaccination (Sinopharm). Design, setting, and participants This case series took place from September 2020 to January 2021 at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, a tertiary referral center. Patients who reported ocular adverse events and presented within 15 days from the first of 2 doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine were analyzed. Main outcomes and measures Each patient underwent Snellen best-corrected visual acuity that was then converted to logMAR, applanation tonometry, and biomicroscopic examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy. Color fundus photography was obtained with a conventional 9-field fundus photography camera or with a widefield fundus photography system. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomographic angiography images were obtained. Sex, race, age, and clinical data were self-reported. Results Nine eyes of 7 patients (3 male individuals) presenting with ocular complaints following COVID-19 vaccine were included in the study. The mean (SD) age was 41.4 (9.3) years (range, 30-55 years); the mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.23 logMAR (range, 0-1 logMAR; approximate Snellen equivalent, 20/32). The mean time of ocular adverse event manifestations was 5.2 days (range, 1-10 days). One patient was diagnosed with episcleritis, 2 with anterior scleritis, 2 with acute macular neuroretinopathy, 1 with paracentral acute middle maculopathy, and 1 with subretinal fluid. Conclusions and relevance In this case series study of 7 patients, the timing of transient and ocular complications 5.2 days after vaccination with an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine supported an association with the ocular findings, but a causal relationship cannot be established from this study design.
Is there a role for bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity and type 1 diabetes

Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity in type I diabetes mellitus has been increasing over the past decades. Multiple studies have demonstrated suboptimal outcomes with dietary control and medical management for obesity and diabetes mellitus type II. This study's objective was to evaluate insulin and diabetic medication requirements in patients with type I diabetes mellitus two years after bariatric surgery. Methods This was a retrospective chart review study from 2002-2019 at Geisinger health system. Of 4549 total bariatric surgeries, 38 bariatric surgery patients were confirmed to have type I diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetes mellitus was confirmed by chart review and/or presence of c-peptide Results The patient cohort had a mean age of 41 years, with 87% being female. The mean BMI was 43.0, with a mean Hb A1c of 8.4% before surgery. During follow-up the insulin requirements improved from 114 units preoperatively to 60 units at 1 year postoperatively (SD= 54.5, p= 0.0018) and 60 units at 2-years postoperatively (SD= 60.3, p= 0.0033). Though not significant, the number of patients on more than one diabetic medication decreased from 66% preoperatively to 53% 1-year postoperatively (p=0.343) and 52% at 2-years (p=0.149). Discussion This study demonstrated significant improvement in the insulin and the total number of diabetic medication requirements after bariatric surgery, suggesting that bariatric surgery may be a viable treatment within patients that have type I diabetes mellitus.
Leadership's influence on innovation and sustainability: A review of the literature and implications for HRD

Purpose – The aim of this study is to review published articles within the HRD and related fields to identify relationships between disparate streams of research (leadership and innovation and sustainability). Design/methodology/approach – Academic research supports the complex relationships between leadership and innovation and leadership and sustainability. An integrative literature review of published articles is used to gain an understanding about effective leadership as an important link between innovation and sustainability. Findings – The analysis revealed the parallel research streams are rather isolated from one another. Central themes focused around leadership roles, orientations, practices, and influences; leadership capacity building; and (global) leadership development. Emergent themes with respect to sustainability included global mindset and concern for others. Servant leadership was brought forth. Research limitations/implications – The literature review was drawn from the four Academy of ...
Neural and Hormonal Control of Gastric Secretion

The sections in this article are: 1 Central Controls 1.1 Central Vagal Complex 1.2 Functional Anatomy of the Vagal Complex 1.3 Brain Peptides Relating to Gastric Secretion 1.4 Vagal Excitation by Glucoprivation 1.5 Non-Glucose-Related Chemical Stimuli of the Central Vagus 1.6 Vagal Afferents 2 Peripheral Controls of Gastric Secretion 2.1 Enteric Nervous System 2.2 Chemical Transmitters of Neural Effects 2.3 Trophic Effects 2.4 Antrofundal Interactions 2.5 Vagotomy 2.6 Intestinal Phase of Gastric Secretion
Why University Teacher Preparation Programs Should Provide a New Set of Personal Constructions of Mathematics through Math Content Courses for Elementary Teachers.

Teacher preparation programs are in danger of seriously under-preparing elementary teachers to teach mathematics for understanding if they wait to provide students with evidence of effective mathematics teaching methods in the mathematics methods courses. With strong traditional beliefs about how mathematics ought to be taught and their determination to be able to explain mathematics to elementary children, the methods course is much too late to change preservice teachers’ perceptions of mathematics or how to teach it. If we want to change the way they teach mathematics, we must do it in their mathematics content courses. In the content courses, we have a chance to provide them with positive and successful personal mathematics constructions. Only when they learn to become active problem-solvers, can they teach others the importance of interactive problem solving as a means of truly understanding mathematics. It is only through their own experience with mathematics that they can come to appreciate the value of a studentcentered environment for learning and to appreciate how a teacher’s desire for control can stifle true learning.
Cytidine-5′-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid: Asialoglycoprotein sialic acid transferase activity in liver and serum of patients with juvenile hepatic cirrhosis and α-1-antitrypsin deficiency

Abstract The molecular basis for the accumulation of a substance which displays the immunological reactivity of α-1-antitrypsin within vesicles of liver parenchymal cells of individuals with hepatic cirrhosis and serum α-1-antitrypsin deficiency remains unclear. We recently reported that serum from a patient with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and hepatic cirrhosis was substantially deficient in sialyltransferease (EC 2.4.99.1) an enzyme which transfers sialic acid from cytidine-5′-monophosphate -N- acetylneuraminic acid to a variety of asialoglycoprotein acceptors. In the present report we have extended these studies to include serum from five additional patients with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and juvenile hepatic cirrhosis as well as a liver specimen obtained at autopsy of one of these patients. We find the sialytransferase activity in serum from six patients with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and hepatic cirrhosis to be 50% of healthy pediatric control values and 30% of pediatric patients withliver disease. However, serum from family members homozygous for α-1-antitrypsin deficiency but without hepatic cirrhosis, and serum from patients with a variety of other kinds of liver disease, failed to exhibit the marked sialyltransferase deficiency. Similar assays carried out on a homogenate of a liver sample from one patient with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and hepatic cirrhosis indicated that the deficiency of sialyltransferase activity was not demonstrable in liver. Furthermore, a comparative kinetic analysis of serum and liver sialyltransferase in normal and afflicted individuals failed to detect differences in substrate affinities which might account for a decrease in functional sialyltransferase capacity in individuais with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and hepatic cirrhosis. These observations suggest that the serum sialyltransferase deficiency in such patients probably arises after chronic and extensive liver disease involving hepatic accumulation of α-1-antitrypsin rather than the enzyme deficiency being the primary cause of the hepatic cirrhosis and α-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
The Language of Change: Elements of Therapeutic Communication

Although communications emerging in therapy are ascribed to the mind's unconscious, dark side, they are habitually translated in clinical dialogue into the supposedly therapeutic language of reason and consciousness. But, Dr. Watzlawick argues, it is precisely this bizarre language of the unconscious which holds the key to those realms where alone therapeutic change can take place. Dr. Watzlawick suggests that rather than following the usual procedure of interpreting the patient's communications and thereby translating them into the language of a given psychotherapeutic theory, the therapist must learn the patient's language and make his or her interventions in terms that are congenial to the patient's manner of conceptualizing reality. Only in that way, he shows, can the therapist effectively bring about genuine changes and problem resolutions. Drawing on the work of Milton H. Erickson, he supports his findings with many (and often amusing) examples. This book, then, is a virtual introductory course to the grammar and language of the unconscious.
License to heal: bidirectional interaction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells and tolerogenic APC

Naturally occurring CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T (T R ) cells, a component of the innate immune response, which play a key role in the maintenance of self-tolerance, have become the focus of numerous studies over the last decade. These cells inhibit the immune response in an Ag-nonspecific manner, interacting with other T cells. Much less is known about adaptive T R cells, which develop in response to chronic antigenic stimulation, and act directly on professional and nonprofessional APC, rendering them tolerogenic and able to elicit the differentiation of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells with suppressive activity. In this review, we will discuss data pertaining to the bidirectional interaction between Ag-specific T R with APC and their clinical relevance.
Rotating pseudo-patterns on the far field sphere of circularly polarized antennas

This paper is a sequel to one presented by this author in 1969 illustrating the application of topology theorems in the derivation of some unusual antenna pattern theorems. The present paper is concerned with a group of radiation pattern theorem for circularly polarized antennas, all of which can be derived from a pair of topology theorems. As in the previous paper, the interest in these antenna pattern theorems is due to their great generality in that they apply to all possible antennas of a given broad class. The Topology Theorems
Free space laser communications

Summary form only given. Increased data transfer demands, limited RF spectral allocations, and emphasis on smaller spacecraft platforms to keep launch costs down are forcing space mission planners to consider free-space optical communications for their space-ground and intersatellite communications links. Optical communications can provide a theoretical performance advantage over conventional RF communications by as much as 60-80 dB. This advantage can be used to decrease the size of the communications terminals located at the ends of the link, and still provide significant increase in data rate capabilities (several orders-of-magnitude). Furthermore, as near-Earth missions begin flying more data-intensive instruments like synthetic aperture radars or hyperspectral imagers, communications systems that circumvent the lack of available spectral allocations will be required. Optical communications offers both the ability to achieve very high data rates with decreased-size assets on the spacecraft, while at the same time there are currently no spectral allocation limitations to the use of the spectrum. This talk will cover the basics of free-space laser communications and will apply those basics to some specific applications. First, the motivations for using laser communications will be given. Next, the technology required for a spacecraft optical communications terminal will be described, followed by the companion description of the technologies and systems at the ground end. With these basics, a simplified process for determining the performance of an overall space-to-ground link will be given. Next, a description of several previously completed, and some planned future, space demonstrations will be discussed. Finally, the applications areas for this emerging technology will be presented. While most of this tutorial will concentrate on NASA applications examples, extensions to future DoD and commercial applications will also be included.
Thermal Decomposition Based Synthesis of Ag-In-S/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Chlorotoxin-Modified Micelles for Brain Tumor Cell Targeting.

Cadmium-free silver-indium-sulfide (Ag-In-S or AIS) chalcopyrite quantum dots (QDs) as well as their core–shell structures (AIS/ZnS QDs) are being paid significant attention in biomedical applications because of their low toxicity and excellent optical properties. Here we report a simple and safe synthetic system to prepare high quality AIS and AIS/ZnS QDs using thermal decomposition. The synthetic system simply involves heating a mixture of silver acetate, indium acetate, and oleic acid in dodecanethiol at 170 °C to produce AIS QDs with a 13% quantum yield (QY). After ZnS shell growth, the produced AIS/ZnS QDs achieve a 41% QY. To facilitate phase transfer and bioconjugation of AIS/ZnS QDs for cellular imaging, these QDs were loaded into the core of PLGA–PEG (5kDa : 5kDa) based micelles to form AIS/ZnS QD-micelles. Cellular imaging studies showed that chlorotoxin-conjugated QD-micelles can be specifically internalized into U-87 brain tumor cells. This work discloses that the scalable synthesis of AIS/ZnS QDs and the facile surface/interface chemistry for phase transfer and bioconjugation of these QDs may open an avenue for the produced QD-micelles to be applied to the detection of endogenous targets expressed on brain tumor cells, or more broadly to cell- or tissue-based diagnosis and therapy.
Intracellular Accumulation of Ascorbic Acid Is Inhibited by Flavonoids via Blocking of Dehydroascorbic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Uptakes in HL-60, U937 and Jurkat Cells

In HL-60, U937 and Jurkat cells, the intracellular accumulation of ascorbic acid occurred via uptakes of both dehydroascorbic acid (an oxidized metabolite of ascorbic acid) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid were transported into cells by sodium-independent glucose transporters (GLUT 1 and GLUT 3) and sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transporters, respectively. Flavonoids inhibited the intracellular accumulation of ascorbic acid by blocking dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid uptakes in the transformed cells. At flavonoid concentrations of 10-70 micromol/L, approximately 50% of dehydroascorbic acid uptake was inhibited in the cells. In Jurkat cells, two potent flavonoids (myricetin and quercetin) competitively inhibited dehydroascorbic acid uptake, and K(i) values were approximately 14 and 15 micromol/L, respectively. Because GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 transport dehydroascorbic acid, the inhibition of dehydroascorbic acid uptake by flavonoids was investigated by using Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing rat GLUT 1 or human GLUT 3. Myricetin at concentrations of 22 and 18 micromol/L, respectively, inhibited half of dehydroascorbic acid uptake in the cells overexpressing GLUT 1 and GLUT 3. Myricetin also inhibited ascorbic acid uptake; inhibition was noncompetitive with K(i) = 14 micromol/L in Jurkat cells. These data indicate that flavonoids inhibit both ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid uptake but do so by different mechanisms. These data may contribute to new understanding of the biological effect of flavonoids on the intracellular accumulation of ascorbic acid in human cells.
Growth of Large Crystals of Monodispersed Spherical Colloids in Fluidic Cells Fabricated Using Non-photolithographic Methods

This paper describes a convenient approach to the fabrication of fluidic cells to be used for crystallizing spherical colloids into three-dimensionally periodic lattices over large areas. The major component of the fluidic cell was a rectangular gasket sandwiched between two glass substrates. Here we demonstrate that these gaskets could be simply cut out of commercial Mylar films. Three non-photolithographic methods were also demonstrated to create shadow channels between the Mylar film and two glass substrates: (i) by wiping (along one single direction) both sides of the Mylar film with a piece of soft paper (Kimwipes EX-L); (ii) by coating both surfaces of the Mylar film with polymer beads whose size was smaller than those to be packed in the cell; and (iii) by patterning the surface of the bottom glass substrate with an array of gold channels using a combination of microcontact printing and selective etching. When an aqueous dispersion of monodispersed spherical colloids was injected into this packing...
Cooperative catalysis by tertiary amino-thioureas: mechanism and basis for enantioselectivity of ketone cyanosilylation.

The mechanism of the enantioselective cyanosilylation of ketones catalyzed by tertiary amino-thiourea derivatives was investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. The kinetic analysis is consistent with a cooperative mechanism in which both the thiourea and the tertiary amine of the catalyst are involved productively in the rate-limiting cyanide addition step. Density functional theory calculations were used to distinguish between mechanisms involving thiourea activation of ketone or of cyanide in the enantioselectivity-determining step. The strong correlation obtained between experimental and calculated ee's for a range of substrates and catalysts provides support for the most favorable calculated transition structures involving amine-bound HCN adding to thiourea-bound ketone. The calculations suggest that enantioselectivity arises from direct interactions between the ketone substrate and the amino-acid derived portion of the catalyst. On the basis of this insight, more enant...
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.

The synthesis of four hydroxylated polyamine analogues, (2R,10R)-N1,N11-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine, (2S,10S)-N1,N11-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine, (3S,12S)-N1,N14-diethyl-3,12-dihydroxyhomospermine, and (3R,12R)-N1,N14-diethyl-3,12-dihydroxyhomospermine, is described along with their impact on the growth and polyamine metabolism of L1210 murine leukemia cells. Four different synthetic approaches are set forth, two each for the hydroxylated norspermines and for the hydroxylated homospermines. The key step in the assembly of the norspermines was the coupling of either N-[(2R)-2,3-epoxypropyl]-N-ethyl p-toluenesulfonamide or N-[(2S)-2,3-epoxypropyl]-N-ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonamide to N,N‘-dibenzyl-1,3-diaminopropane. The key step with homospermines employed alkylation of putrescine with (3S)-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-N-ethyl-3,4-epoxybutylamine or of N,N‘-bis(mesitylenesulfonyl)-1,4-butanediamine with (2R)-2-benzyloxy-4-[N-(mesitylenesulfonyl)ethylamino]-O-tosyl-1-butanol. All of the hydroxylated ...
Using Voice Output Devices to Increase Initiations of Young Children With Disabilities

A multiple baseline study evaluated the effects of using voice output devices to facilitate communicative initiation behaviors of 2 young children who were developmentally delayed and nonverbal. Data were collected during snack time on specific communication behaviors. Both children increased their specific initiations. In addition, unclear initiations and adult prompted communication behaviors decreased when the voice output devices were used. Comparisons with a typically developing peer suggested the voice output device enabled both children to increase their specific initiated communication behavior closer to that of the peer. Results support the use of augmentative voice output devices with young nonverbal children. Areas for future research to more thoroughly evaluate the potential utility of voice output devices are noted.
An Experimental Sea Lamprey Barrier

(1964). An Experimental Sea Lamprey Barrier. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 80-83.
Purification and properties of hydrogenase, an iron sulfur protein, from Clostridium pasteurianum W5

Abstract 1. 1. Hydrogenase (H2:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, EC 1.12.1.1) from Clostridium pasteurianum W5 has been purified to a state that shows one protein band with one coincident activity peak on disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and a single peak in the analytical ultracentrifuge. 2. 2. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 60 000 and an isoelectric point of 5.0, and it contains 4.0 iron and 4.0 acid-labile sulfide groups per molecule.
SU‐FF‐T‐301: Clinical Implementation and Commission of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy

Purpose Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a rotational IMRT modality that combines dose rate modulation with gantry and MLC motion, thereby increasing the complexity of IMRTdelivery. Effective implementation of this technology is still quite new to radiation therapy clinics. This study reports our clinical experience for acceptance testing, commissioning, and routine QA procedure development. Materials and Methods VMAT was implemented on a Varian 21EX™ with a Millennium120 MLC and a Novalis Tx™ with a 2.5mm High‐Definition MLC. The Eclipse™ treatment planning system was used with the associated ARIA record‐and‐verify system. Clinical implementation involves (1) measurements of linac parameters and performance such as MLC leaf positioning and motion accuracy, VMAT dosimetric accuracy, and treatment safety checks; (2) planning algorithms and parameters; (3) patient‐specific QA studies; and (4) routine QA baselines and procedures. Results The difference between planned and measured MLC leaf positions at stationary gantry positions and during VMAT delivery were 90% were observed for planar dose distributions measured with an ion chamber array and film. Conclusion A methodology for clinical implementation of VMAT is developed. A critical component for implementation is the design of acceptance tests and commissioning protocols which can be used as the baseline for routine QA procedures.
Exercise and Lipid Abnormalities

had been the preceding Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. They found that subjects who were more active, whether from sports or other vigorous activities, had fewer episodes of fatal and nonfatal ischemic heart disease compared to the sedentary civil servants over an 8.5-year period. This result was shown to be independent of age, level of obesity, and cigarette smoking status. Brand et al. [5] conducted a 22-year follow-up study of longshoremen in San Francisco. In this study, the work status of each subject was assessed yearly. The various jobs were categorized by the level of activity needed to perform the work. They showed a significant reduction in the risk of fatal myocardial infarction related to the level of energy expenditure on the job. One concern in a study of this type is that the results may be biased because employees with already existing coronary heart disease will have chosen or moved to less active jobs. In an attempt to evaluate this possibility, the investigators evaluated job shifts during the period of the study. The results suggest that the observed findings were probably not due to transfer of workers with coronary heart disease to physically less demanding jobs. Paffenbarger and colleagues [29] evaluated male
Thresholds for short-term acid and aluminum impacts on Atlantic salmon smolts

Abstract Although the negative effects of acid and aluminum (Al) on smolt development have been known for some time, the thresholds for impact of short-term exposure of several days that may occur during episodic acidification have not been systematically examined. In order to determine the levels of acid and Al that impact juvenile Atlantic salmon, smolts and yolk-sac larvae were exposed to three pH levels (6.0, 5.7, and 5.3) and four added Al levels (0, 40, 80 and 175 μg/L total Al) for 48 h. Following this treatment, 10 smolts were sampled in freshwater and another 10 were subjected to a 24 h seawater challenge (35 ppt). Survival of yolk-sac larvae was > 96% in all acid and Al treatments. All smolts died within 48 h at pH 5.3, 175 μg L − 1 Al. There were some mortalities in freshwater at pH 5.3, 80 μg L − 1 Al and pH 5.7, 175 μg L − 1 Al, and further mortalities when these fish were transferred to seawater. Mortalities in these groups were associated with decreased plasma chloride in freshwater and higher plasma chloride in seawater, indicating that these smolts had lost seawater tolerance. Gill Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) activity decreased at pH 5.7, 175 μg L − 1 Al in freshwater, and further decreases were observed at more moderate pH and Al exposures after transfer to seawater. Hematocrit and plasma glucose were the most sensitive physiological responses, increasing at all Al treatments at pH 5.7 and 5.3 in freshwater. There was no detectable increase in gill Al levels at pH 6.0 with added Al, whereas substantial increases in gill Al were observed in all added Al groups at pH 5.7 and 5.3. Our results demonstrate a critical interaction between acid and Al in their effects on smolts, and that episodic acidification events will negatively impact smolt survival in freshwater and after seawater entry.
Functional Role of Critical Stripe Residues in Transmembrane Span 7 of the Serotonin Transporter: EFFECTS OF Na+, Li+, AND METHANETHIOSULFONATE REAGENTS *

Mutations at critical residue positions in transmembrane span 7 (TM7) of the serotonin transporter affect the Na+ dependence of transport. It was possible that these residues, which form a stripe along one side of the predicted α-helix, formed part of a water-filled pore for Na+. We tested whether cysteine substitutions in TM7 were accessible to hydrophilic, membrane-impermeant methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents. Although all five cysteine-containing mutants tested were sensitive to these reagents, noncysteine control mutants at the same positions were in most cases equally sensitive. In all cases, MTS sensitivity could be traced to changes in accessibility of a native cysteine residue in extracellular loop 1, Cys-109. Moreover, none of the TM7 cysteines reacted with the biotinylating reagent MTSEA-biotin when tested in the C109A background. It is thus unlikely that the critical stripe forms part of a water-filled pore. Instead, studies of the ion dependence of the reaction between Cys-109 and MTS reagents lead to the conclusion that TM7 is involved in propagating conformational changes caused by ion binding, perhaps as part of the translocation mechanism. The critical stripe residues on TM7 probably represent a close contact region between TM7 and one or more other TMs in the transporter's three-dimensional structure.
Minerals of the Lake Superior Iron Ranges by George W. Robinson and Gene L. LaBerge. A. E.Seaman Mineral Museum, Houghton, MI; order from mmrovano@mtu.edu. 58 pages; 2013; $25 (plus shipping and handling) (softbound).

This rather lavishly illustrated book presents a concise yet comprehensive description of the minerals occurring in the iron ranges of the Lake Superior region. The “ranges” consist of at least eig...
Relationship between the luscher color test and the MMPI

Administered the short form of the Luscher Color Test and the booklet form of the MMPI to 42 graduate students in a counseling program. For every S a report that described personality was written from the test results, i. e., each S had two reports, one from the Color Test and one from the MMPI. These reports were written independently by two separate examiners. Two independent raters then read the reports on each S and noted the degree of agreement between the two reports. The overall results showed very little agreement between the Color Test and the MMPI. Reasons for the poor rate of agreement are discussed.
Theory of interfacial tensions in multicomponent systems

A quantitative theory of interfacial tension in multicomponent systems has been derived from the scaling theory of critical phenomena. This theory is closely related to that previously presented for the quantitative interpretation of phase-volume behavior of such systems near critical points. The interfacial tension theory involves only one additional undetermined parameter once the phase-volume behavior has been determined. It should facilitate the organization and interpretation of interfacial tension data and can be used to interpolate between interfacial tension measurements. The theory has been applied, with good agreement, to experimental results in a simple, ternary, two-phase liquid mixture, as well as to multicomponent three-phase surfactant systems of the type employed in tertiary oil recovery. For the surfactant systems, a combination of the theory for the phase-volume behavior and that for the interfacial tension behavior provides a strong theoretical basis for the heretofore empirical relationship between interfacial tension and volume uptake of oil or water into the microemulsion phase. This empirical volume uptake function has been used extensively in the literature to characterize surfactant systems for enhanced oil recovery. More importantly, the comparison of the results for the surfactant systems with those of the ternary system separates the two important functions ofmore » surfactant action. One is associated directly with the surface active nature of the molecule and the other is associated with the solvent character of the material which makes critical points accessible at moderate temperatures and pressures.« less
Some effects of minor alloying additions on the formation of protective scales under sulfidizing conditions at 700 °C

Abstract Results are presented from an investigation of the effects of minor additions of elements such as aluminum, silicon, manganese, yttrium and hafnium on the formation of protective chromia scales on model alloys in an aggressive, sulfidizing environment. The additions were made to a clean master alloy, Fe25Cr20Ni, by conventional alloying, and by powder metallurgical routes involving rapid solidification or high-energy milling. The scales formed by exposure to an H 2 H 2 OH 2 S mixture at 700 °C, in which the oxygen and sulfur partial pressures were 10 −20 and 10 −8 atm or −23 and 10 −8 atm, respectively, were compared with those formed on the unalloyed master alloy and on a clean Fe25Cr alloy, in terms of weight change, scale morphology and composition. The chromia scales formed on the Fe25Cr alloy were more effective than those on the Fe25Cr20Ni base alloys prepared by conventional casting. Observations from short term exposures indicated that a major difference between the Fe25Cr and Fe25Cr20Ni alloys was that the scale formed on the former was a chromium rich M 2 O 3 type, while that on the latter was a mixture of M 2 O 3 and M 3 O 4 types in which sulfur appeared at a relatively early stage. The scales formed on Fe25Cr20Ni alloys containing silicon or Y 2 O 3 , which exhibited superior oxidation resistance, contained a higher proportion of M 2 O 3 -type scale and had lower Fe:Cr ratios compared with the base alloy.
The interaction of osmium tetroxide and ammonia

Abstract The reaction between OsO4 and either gaseous or liquid ammonia has been shown to involved reduction to Os6+ in a single osmium-containing product, Os3N7O9H21; the other products are nitrogen and water. Numerous properties of the osmium (VI) compound are described and a trinuclear structure that involves bridging through amido groups is suggested.
On the commonality of equations for natural convection from immersed bodies

NOMENCLATURE surface area of heater ; heat capacity of fluid ; diameter of a sphere or cylinder; total buoyant force on heater and total drag force on heater; acceleration of gravity ; average heat transfer coefficient; thermal conductivity of fluid; distance traveled by the boundary layer from bottom to top of heater; Nusselt number, hL/k; Prandtl number, pc,/k; Rayleigh number, gjATp2cpL3/pk ; local temperature, overbar denotes average of T over y in b.l., subscript denotes T in fluid bulk ; local velocity in a boundary layer, overbar denotes average of a over y in b.1. ; a characteristic velocity used by Eckert (not used in the present study); distance normal to heater wall ; coefficient of thermal expansion ; boundary layer thickness ; thickness of effective shear layer; thickness of layer with energy equal to that in the boundary layer ; difference between temperature of wall and temperature of fluid bulk. viscosity ; density of fluid.