cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cimetidine use and the risk for prostate cancer: results from the VITAL cohort study.

Purpose The histamine-2 (H 2 ) blocker cimetidine may alter androgen, zinc, and prolactin levels, which could alter prostate cancer risk. Increased risk for men filling more than 20 cimetidine prescriptions was reported previously. We examined the association between cimetidine use and prostate cancer risk in a cohort in western Washington State. Methods Participants were 33,506 men, 50 to 76 years old, enrolled in the VITamins And Lifestyle cohort (VITAL). H 2 -blocker use during the prior 10 years was self-reported through baseline questionnaire between October 2000 and December 2002. Men were followed up for subsequent prostate cancer by linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry. We identified 548 incident invasive prostate cancer cases diagnosed from baseline to December 31, 2003. Results Overall, no association between ever use of cimetidine or years of cimetidine use and prostate cancer risk was observed. However, daily cimetidine use for 10 years was associated with increased risk (relative risk, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–5.26) compared with nonuse of any H 2 blockers. Use of other H 2 blockers was not associated with prostate cancer. Conclusions Additional studies are needed to determine whether long-term daily cimetidine use is associated with increased prostate cancer risk in other populations, and if so, the reason for this association.
Functional and morphological analysis of the subretinal injection of retinal pigment epithelium cells.

Replacement of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells by transplantation is a potential treatment for some retinal degenerations. Here, we used a combination of invasive and noninvasive methods to characterize the structural and functional consequences of subretinal injection of RPE cells. Pigmented cells from primary cultures were injected into albino mice. Recovery was monitored over 8 weeks by fundus imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (sdOCT), histology, and electroretinography (ERG). sdOCT showed that retinal reattachment was nearly complete by 1 week. ERG response amplitudes were reduced after injection, with cone-mediated function then recovering better than rod function. Photoreceptor cell loss was evident by sdOCT and histology, near the site of injection, and is likely to have been the main cause of incomplete recovery. With microscopy, injected cells were identified by the presence of apical melanosomes. They either established contact with Bruch’s membrane, and thus became part of the RPE monolayer, or were located on the apical surface of the host’s cells, resulting in apposition of the basal surface of the injected cell with the apical surface of the host cell and the formation of a series of desmosomal junctions. RPE cell density was not increased, indicating that the incorporation of an injected cell into the RPE monolayer was concomitant with the loss of a host cell. The transplanted and remaining host cells contained large vacuoles of ingested debris as well as lipofuscin-like granules, suggesting that they had scavenged the excess injected and host cells, and were stressed by the high digestive load. Therefore, although significant functional and structural recovery was observed, the consequences of this digestive stress may be a concern for longer-term health, especially where RPE cell transplantation is used to treat diseases that include lipofuscin accumulation as part of their pathology.
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals novel mitochondrial targets of estrogen deficiency in the aged female rat heart.

The incidence of myocardial infarction rises sharply at menopause, implicating a potential role for estrogen (E2) loss in age-related increases in ischemic injury. We aimed to identify quantitative...
Why do Physicians Treat Their Relatives? Exploring the Influence of Social Psychology:

Physicians often receive requests for treatment, medical advice, or other intervention from relatives. Most doctors comply. Reasons for compliance can be categorized by doctors' attitudes toward the relative, colleagues, themselves, ethical guidelines, and the problem. Compliance may be influenced by elements of social psychology as well. Social exchange theory, persuasion techniques, attribution, conformity, desire for approval, and the affinity principle can induce intervention. Future research should explore doctors' attitudes toward relatives, the medium by which requests are made, treatment outcomes, changes in the relationship following treatment, cultural or familial norms, and changes in clinicians' beliefs or behavior that occur when facing opposing requests and guidelines. Awareness of these influences may help physicians to make objective decisions regarding intervention.
Isotope fractionation by diffusion in silicate melts: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to determine the isotope effect on diffusion in SiO2 and MgSiO3 liquids. The influence of an element’s atomic mass on its diffusivity can be expressed in terms of the empirical relation D 1 D2 ¼ m2 m1 b . For
Consensus in Networks: Coordination and Control of CyberPhysical Systems, from Unmanned Vehicles to Energy-Efficient Buildings

Summary form only given. In this talk we discuss the consensus variable approach to the coordination and control of cyberphysical systems (those with a tight integration of physical dynamics, sensors and actuators, and computing infrastructure). We begin with an overview of motivating problems and a summary of key results related to the consensus (or agreement) paradigm. We illustrate the application of this idea to several problems, including simulation of swarms, experimental demonstration of formation control of mote-based robots, and experimental demonstration of robotic autonomous mobile radio nodes for wireless tethering between a base station and a leader in a tunnel exploration scenario. We note that a consensus protocol can be represented as a graph with (static) weighted edges and nodes that are integrators. Generalizing this idea, we next present what we call dynamic consensus networks. Such networks are graphs whose nodes are integrators and whose edges are real rational functions representing dynamical systems that couple the nodes. We show that the modeling of thermal processes in buildings motivates such a system and from this motivation we generalize the notions of interconnection matrices and Laplacians to the case of graphs with integrating nodes and dynamic edges. We give conditions under which such graphs admit consensus, meaning that in the steady-state the node variables converge to a common value. Finally, we consider the collective description and properties of the interconnection of one dynamic graph (the plant) with another (the controller). We conclude with a discussion of research questions related to these ideas and to their application to energy-efficient control of buildings and other systems, such as the power grid.
Acid Suppressive Therapy and the Effects on Protease Inhibitors

Objective:To review the literature associated with the pharmacokinetic interaction between protease inhibitors (Pls) and acid suppressive therapies and to characterize the impact of this interaction on virologic and immunologic outcomes.Data Sources:A MEDLINE search (1966–October 2006) was conducted using the names of the 10 Pls and specific acid suppressive therapies including antacids, histamine2-receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors. Abstracts and poster presentations from recent HIV/AIDS meetings were reviewed for relevance. References from retrieved articles, as well as product packaging and manufacturer information, were evaluated.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Pertinent pharmacokinetic, immunologic, and virologic studies, in healthy and HIV-infected patients, evaluating the use of a PI and acid suppressive therapy were reviewed.Data Synthesis:Potential interactions between concomitant acid suppressive therapy and Pls were evaluated. Available information indicates that indinavir and...
Goats: Multi-Platform Sonar Concept for Coastal Mine Countermeasures

Recent progress in underwater robotics and acoustic communication has led to the development of a new paradigm in ocean science and technology, the Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network (AOSN). AOSN consists of a network of fixed moorings and/or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), tied together by state-of-the-art acoustic communication technology. The GOATS’2000 (Generic Oceanographic Array Technology Systems) Joint Research Program is aimed toward the development of environmentally adaptive AOSN technology specifically directed toward Rapid Environmental Assessment and Mine Counter Measures in coastal environments. The research program combines theory and modeling of the 3-D environmental acoustics with experiments involving AOSN and sensor technology. [Work supported by ONR and SACLANT]
Metrics in Simulations and Games for Learning

This chapter introduces the approach taken by the Games for Learning Institute (G4LI) to assess learning and related learner variables, with a focus on the use of metrics obtained during game play and simulation exploration. Learning is fundamental to all games (Gee 2008). At minimum, players must learn the basics of a game’s mechanics to play. Additionally, players must uncover what these mechanics are for, and what the game designer wants them to do (Cook 2006). Feedback mechanisms are an example of how game designers encourage (reward) or discourage (punish) a behavior. Game mechanics for learning must incorporate all of these aspects, from the moment-to-moment activities in which players engage, to reward and punishment systems.
Comparison of aluminum related with vitamin D related osteomalacia by tetracycline based bone histomorphometry.

Previous reports of aluminum related osteomalacia (ARO) described distinctive clinical, radiographic, biochemical and therapeutic features (1–4), but few distinctive histologic features except for the presence of aluminum (5–8). According to these reports, indices of bone resorption are reduced (5–8), but this has been based either on qualitative appraisal alone (8) or on measurement without correction for the availability of mineralized bone accessible to resorption (5–7). Furthermore, the comparison has invariably been with renal osteitis fibrosa or with normal subjects, not with other forms of osteomalacia. More recently, the term low turnover osteomalacia has been introduced (9,10), but although bone turnover in ARO is lower than in renal osteitis fibrosa, it has not been demonstrated to be lower than in other forms of osteomalacia. We have developed rigorous kinetic criteria for the diagnosis of classical osteomalacia due to vitamin D depletion (11–13); we now apply these criteria to renal bone disease and for the first time directly compare the two forms of osteomalacia.
What Is Economic Self-Sufficiency? Validating a Measurement Scale for Policy, Practice, and Research

ABSTRACTEconomic self-sufficiency has emerged as a policy goal of antipoverty programs in many nations. Although the policy direction of these programs is clear, the definition and measurement of economic self-sufficiency is not. This study revisits a scale that was designed in 1993 and has experienced a growth in use after two decades of little attention. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and bivariate correlations, the scale’s validity was tested with a sample of low-income survivors of intimate partner violence. The discussion focuses on how the resulting Scale of Economic Self-Sufficiency–14 (SESS-14) relates to policy, practice, and research.
The effect of octadecenoic acid on the growth of japanese encephalitis virus in Novikoff hepatoma cells.

SummaryThe growth characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus cultivated in Novikoff hepatoma cells grown in shaker culture can be differentially altered by the presence of 6-cis- or cis-9-octadecenoic acid in Swim's 67-G medium. The addition of 125 μ of the 6-isomer per ml medium reduced the number of infectious particles produced, whereas the same amount of the 9-isomer enhanced virus production.The virus was found to be more stable in cell-free spent medium than in fresh medium. The presence of 125 μ 6-18:1 per ml in fresh medium resulted in a rapid loss of virus infectivity.This investigation was supported by Pubic Health Service Grant HL 08214 from the Program Projects Branch, Extramural Programs, National Heart and Lung Institute, Grant CA 14003 of the National Cancer Institute and The Hormel Foundation. The authors thank Pat Horvat for her excellent technical assistance.
Iron replacement therapy in cancer-related anemia

Purpose The incidence, etiology, and management of cancer-related anemia is reviewed and the role of i.v. iron therapy in its treatment is described. Summary Between 30% and 90% of patients with cancer develop anemia due to direct effects of the disease, its treatment, underlying nutritional deficiencies, and the inflammation that characterizes chronic disease. Although the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) increases hemoglobin levels and decreases the need for transfusions, up to 50% of patients do not to respond to these drugs, usually due to the presence of absolute or functional iron deficiency. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that i.v. iron supplementation in patients with cancer-related anemia improves the response rate to ESAs, reduces the time to target hemoglobin levels, decreases ESA requirements, reduces costs, and is more efficacious than oral iron. These benefits are seen without increased toxicity. Nonetheless, i.v. iron remains underused in patients with cancer, partly due to misinformation and misinterpretation of the clinical nature of adverse events. Conclusion Intravenous iron is underutilized in patients with cancer-related anemia. Based on published evidence, i.v. iron supplementation in patients with absolute or functional iron deficiency can improve patient responses to ESAs and reduce ESA requirements and may also reduce the need for transfusions and improve quality of life.
Variator: A Creativity Support Tool for Music Composition.

The Variator is a compositional assistance tool that aims to let users quickly produce and experiment with variations on musical objects, such as chords, melodies, and chord progressions. The transformations performed by the Variator can range from standard counterpoint transformations (inversion, retrograde, transposition) to more complicated custom transformations, and the system is built to encourage the writing of custom transformations. This paper explores the design decisions involved in creating a compositional assistance tool, describes the Variator interface and a preliminary set of implemented transformation functions, analyzes the results of the evaluations of a prototype system, and lays out future plans for expanding upon that system, both as a stand-alone application and as the basis for an open source/collaborative community where users can implement and share their own transformation functions.
The home team advantage: reproduction in women indigenous to high altitude

Although there is substantial evidence that environmental conditions disrupt reproductive function among newcomers to hypoxic settings, it is not certain that low oxygen pressure reduces fertility among those indigenous to high altitude. Even when fertility does appear to be relatively lower, numerous behavioral and sociocultural factors may be responsible. These are best examined within demographic frameworks that delineate a finite list of the proximate determinants of fertility. The findings presented here are based on several studies of indigenous Andean populations (Peruvian Quechua at 4000 m, Bolivian Quechua at 3100 m, Bolivian Aymara at 4000 m). Data on ovarian function suggest that neither progesterone levels nor menstrual cycle length or regularity are significantly different from those of women at lower altitudes. Data on two behavioral factors that determine fertility levels, coital frequency and infant feeding practices, suggest that the former is not likely to be of significance in co-habitating couples, but that variation in breastfeeding patterns has probably made a substantial contribution to differences in fertility among at least some populations at high altitude.
Problems in publlcatlon of clinical trial methodology

The literature on analgesic testing in man reveals a series of informational gaps. These include a failure to document the occurrence of "trials that failed", the problems associated with recruiting patients and in dealing with dropouts, the relative advantages and disadvantages of different methods of assessing relief from pain, the importance of baseline variables, and the utility of global and comparative judgments by patients. A trial is described in which only 100 subjects of a total of over 8,000 patients theoretically available for study proved suitable. Significant differences between consenters and nonconsenters and selection factors that are used in choosing an experimental population have implications for the generalization of a study. Such conclusions have been largely ignored both in and out of the scientific literature.
Discovering Elusive Small Genes

Copyright: © 2016 Brocchieri L. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The importance of short protein-coding genes (usually defined as no longer than 100 codons) and corresponding small proteins and peptides, in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms is becoming increasingly obvious as the pervasive role of small proteins as signaling molecules, and as regulators of protein expression and functionality is being uncovered (e.g., [1,2]).
Early- and traditionally weaned nursery pigs benefit from phase-feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide: Effect on metallothionein and mineral concentrations

Benefits of feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc (Zn) provided by Zn oxide (ZnO) to 21-d conventionally weaned pigs in the nursery have been documented; however, several management questions remain. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effect on growth from feeding 3,000 ppm Zn as ZnO during different weeks of the nursery period. In Exp. 1 (n = 138, 11.5 d of age, 3.8 kg BW) and Exp. 2 (n = 246, 24.5 d of age, 7.2 kg BW), pigs were fed either basal diets containing 100 ppm supplemental Zn (adequate) or the same diet with an additional 3,000 ppm Zn (high) supplied as ZnO. Pigs were fed four or two dietary phases in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, that changed in dietary ingredients and nutrient content (lysine and crude protein) to meet the changing physiological needs of the pigs for the 28-d nursery period. Dietary Zn treatments were 1) adequate Zn fed wk 1 to 4, 2) high Zn fed wk 1, 3) high Zn fed wk 2, 4) high Zn fed wk 1 and 2, 5) high Zn fed wk 2 and 3, and 6) high Zn fed wk 1 to 4. In Exp. 1 and 2, pigs fed high Zn for wk 1 and 2 or the entire 28-d nursery period had the greatest (P <.05) ADG. During any week, pigs fed high Zn had greater concentrations of hepatic metallothionein and Zn in plasma, liver, and kidney than those pigs fed adequate Zn (P <.05). In summary, both early- and traditionally weaned pigs need to be fed pharmacological concentrations of Zn provided as ZnO for a minimum of 2 wk immediately after weaning to enhance growth.
Undetected ovulation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients.

A retrospective evaluation was done of 102 consecutive in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (TVF-ET) treatment cycles that culminated in surgical intervention for oocyte pickup. In 35% of these patients, a disparity was noted in the number of mature follicles present on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration, compared with the day of surgery. This suggests the occurrence of undetected ovulation. An endogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was detected in 14 of these patients. Another cohort showed evidence of early luteinization without a detected endogenous LH surge. Finally, a group without early luteinization was defined. Possible explanations for these outcomes and the implications for success of IVF-ET are discussed.
Mathematical Model for Dissolved Oxygen

Systems analysis techniques are used to construct a mathematical model of the variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a body of water. The application of these techniques leads to a set of ordinary differential equations that can be solved for the DO response in one section due to an input in any other section. The function that expresses this input-output relationship is shown to be dependent on the hydrodynamic nature of the stream or estuary. Successive use of a linear systems analysis leads to an analytical relationship between the effluent BOD and the resulting DO in the stream.
When official consensus equals more negativity in media coverage: Broadcast television news and the (re-)indexing of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ repeal

Media coverage surrounding the repeal of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ (DADT) military policy was analyzed to examine how tones in coverage change over time and along the contours of increases in official consensus. In advancing the concept of indexing beyond actual military conflict, or the threat of war and honing in on a domestic but still military issue, this study examines broadcast network news coverage for a period of one year before and after DADT was repealed. Findings observed here indicate that media coverage may be more independent of official consensus than shown in previous research, specifically in reporting more negatively after official consensus was achieved. These results further suggest that coverage was moderated by network and that conceptions of indexing may not hold in the contemporary media and political environment. Implications are discussed in relation to media coverage of contentious issues and performance in polarized politics.
Habitat Loss, Agrobiodiversity, and Incidental Wildlife Loss

Producing food can carry a steep ecological price. Over the past century, the need to grow enough food to support an expanding global population has resulted in vast swaths of forests and wetlands being converted into farmland or pastures. This development is a result of the industrialization of the food production systems around the world, the increased use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, the planting of genetically-modified crops (GMOs) and monocultures, and the displacement of small family or self-sufficient farms. Large modern agricultural operations are tied to habitat losses (through land displacement), water pollution, soil contamination, overgrazing, invasive species introductions, water shortages, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These environmental impacts can directly and indirectly harm wild plant and animal populations. The consequence is biodiversity loss, sometimes of threatened or endangered species.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of endometriosis

Endometriosis commonly involves the pelvis, but may also present as a palpable mass in extrapelvic sites, such as the abdominal wall or inguinal region, where it can be evaluated by fine needle aspiration (FNA). In this report, we illustrate the findings seen in seven cases of endometriosis diagnosed by FNA in patients with a chief complaint of pain associated with an abdominal wall or pelvic mass, occurring in a setting of prior pelvic surgery. The most common previous surgery was Cesarean section (n = 6), followed by hysterectomy (n = 2), and hernia repair (n = 1). In all cases, cytologic examination revealed a glandular component composed largely of orderly fragments of cohesive epithelial cells, a spindle cell stromal component presenting either as loosely organized tissue fragments or single cells, and rare hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Four cases showed focal cytologic atypia in the glandular component with extreme nuclear atypia identified in two of these cases. Atypical features included nuclear crowding and disorganization, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia with irregular chromatin distribution and anisonucleosis, raising the possibility of a coexistent malignancy and recommendation for excision. Although malignancy was not identified in follow-up surgical excision specimens, the wide range of cytomorphologic changes that can be seen in FNA specimens of endometriosis should be recognized. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:359-363. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HDAC3 sets the timer on muscle fuel switching.

In a recent study in mice, it is shown that circadian oscillations in genomic histone deactylase 3 (HDAC3) occupancy influence fuel switching and carbon flux in muscle to regulate glucose homeostasis and exercise performance.
Challenges and Possible Solutions for Implementing Contingency Management for Adolescent Substance Use Disorder in Community-Based Settings

ABSTRACTAlthough more than 35 years of research demonstrates some favorable outcomes for Contingency Management (CM) treatment for adolescent substance use disorder, CM has been significantly underutilized by clinicians in community settings. The primary purpose of this article is to describe potential barriers to community-based clinicians implementing CM treatment for adolescent substance use disorder along with possible solutions. Barriers discussed in this article include negative clinicians' and/or administrators' attitudes regarding CM's efficacy; community-based clinicians' inadequate knowledge of CM; high implementation costs; missed appointments by adolescent clients; community-based clinicians' lack of incentives to implement CM with fidelity; and impractical measures of treatment fidelity that require a high level of resources.
HIV/AIDS and the Socio-emotional Development of Children in Southern Africa

Literature on the effects of HIV/AIDS on children has expanded considerably in recent years. The AIDS pandemic became rife in Sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1980s and has had negative impacts on different segments of the population. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the impacts of the pandemic on young children, particularly those aged eight and below, and identify interventions that have been shown to be efficacious in terms of the socio-emotional welfare of children. Implications for early childhood educators are also included.
Pelvic Floor Stimulation: Effect on Detrusor Activity

Electrical stimulation of the pelvic muscles has been used for over 25 years to control detrusor overactivity and genuine stress incontinence. From studies in cats, it is believed that the mechanism of detrusor inhibition is through reflex inhibition of the pelvic nerve after stimulating afferently along the pudendal nerve. This mechanism takes advantage of the vesicoinhibitory reflexes which allow one to stop a bladder contraction at the end of micturition by contracting the periurethral skeletal muscle. Transvaginal and transanal electrical stimulation has been reported to be successful in improving or curing detrusor overactivity in up to 90% of patients.
Lung epithelial cell-derived IL-25 negatively regulates LPS-induced exosome release from macrophages.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following pulmonary and systemic infection. Alveolar macrophages (AMϕ) are at the center of ALI pathogenesis. Emerging evidence has shown that cell-cell interactions in the lungs play an important regulatory role in the development of acute lung inflammation. However, the underneath mechanisms remain poorly addressed. In this study, we explore a novel function of lung epithelial cells (LEPCs) in regulating the release of exosomes from AMϕ following LPS stimulation. For the in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 mg/kg B.W.) in 0.2 ml of saline via intratracheal aerosol administration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected at 0–24 h after LPS treatment, and exosomes derived from AMϕ were measured. For the in vitro studies, LEPCs and bone marrow-derived Mϕ (BMDM) were isolated from WT or TLR4−/− mice and were then cocultured in the Transwell™ system. After coculture for 0–24 h, the BMDM and supernatant were harvested for the measurement of exosomes and cytokines. We demonstrate that LPS induces macrophages (Mϕ) to release exosomes, which are then internalized by neighboring Mϕ to promote TNF-α expression. The secreted interleukin (IL)-25 from LEPCs downregulates Rab27a and Rab27b expression in Mϕ, resulting in suppressed exosome release and thereby attenuating exosome-induced TNF-α expression and secretion. These findings reveal a previously unidentified crosstalk pathway between LEPCs and Mϕ that negatively regulates the inflammatory responses of Mϕ to LPS. Modulating IL-25 signaling and targeting exosome release may present a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALI.
A platform for semi-automated voluntary training of common marmosets for behavioral neuroscience: Voluntary training of common marmosets

ABSTRACT In most cases, behavioral neuroscience studies of the common marmoset employ adaptations of well-established methods used with macaque monkeys. However, in most cases these approaches do not readily generalize to marmosets indicating a need for alternatives. Here we present the development of one such alternate: a platform for semi-automated, voluntary in-home cage behavioral training that allows for the study of naturalistic behaviors. We describe the design and production of a modular behavioral training apparatus using CAD software and digital fabrication. We demonstrate that this apparatus permits voluntary behavioral training and data collection throughout the marmoset’s waking hours with little experimenter intervention. Further we demonstrate the use of this apparatus to reconstruct the kinematics of the marmoset’s upper limb movement during natural foraging behavior. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY The study of marmosets in neuroscience has grown rapidly and this model organism presents challenges that are unique to this primate species. Here we address those challenges with an innovative platform for semi-automated and voluntary training of common marmosets. The platform allows marmosets to train throughout their waking hours with little to no experimenter intervention. We describe the use of this platform to capture the kinematics of the upper limb during natural foraging behavior and to expand the opportunities for behavioral training beyond the limits of traditional behavioral training sessions. The platform is flexible and can be easily extended to incorporate other motor tasks (e.g. visually cued reaching or manipulandum based tasks) using CAD models and digital fabrication.
Comparison of Techniques for Involved-Site Radiation Therapy in Patients With Lower Mediastinal Lymphoma.

Abstract Purpose Patients with lower mediastinal lymphoma (LML) benefit dosimetrically from proton therapy (PT) compared with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The added dosimetric benefit of deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) is unknown; therefore, we evaluated IMRT versus PT and free-breathing (FB) versus DIBH among patients with LML. Methods and Materials Twenty-one patients with LML underwent 4-dimensional computed tomography and 3 sequential DIBH scans at simulation. Involved-site radiation therapy target volumes and organ-at-risk contours were developed for both DIBH and FB scans. FB-IMRT, DIBH-IMRT, FB-PT, and DIBH-PT plans were generated for each patient for comparison. Results The median difference in lung volume between the DIBH and FB scans was 1275 mL; the average difference in clinical target volume was 5.7 mL. DIBH-IMRT produced a lower mean lung dose (10.8 vs 11.9 Gy; P Conclusions Among patients with LML, DIBH (IMRT or PT) improved lung dosimetry over FB but had little influence on MHD. PT (DIBH and FB) significantly reduced lung, heart, esophagus, and nontarget body dose compared with DIBH IMRT, potentially reducing the risk of late complications.
Genome‐defined African ancestry is associated with distinct mutations and worse survival in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND Significant racial differences have been observed in the incidence and clinical outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the United States, but to the authors' knowledge it remains unclear whether genomic differences contribute to these disparities. METHODS To understand the influences of genetic ancestry on tumor genomic alterations, the authors estimated the genetic ancestry of 1001 previously described patients with DLBCL using unsupervised model-based Admixture global ancestry analysis applied to exome sequencing data and examined the mutational profile of 150 DLBCL driver genes in tumors obtained from this cohort. RESULTS Global ancestry prediction identified 619 patients with >90% European ancestry, 81 patients with >90% African ancestry, and 50 patients with >90% Asian ancestry. Compared with patients with DLBCL with European ancestry, patients with African ancestry were aged >10 years younger at the time of diagnosis and were more likely to present with B symptoms, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, extranodal disease, and advanced stage disease. Patients with African ancestry demonstrated worse overall survival compared with patients with European ancestry (median, 4.9 years vs 8.8 years; P = .04). Recurrent mutations of MLL2 (KMT2D), HIST1H1E, MYD88, BCL2, and PIM1 were found across all ancestry groups, suggesting shared mechanisms underlying tumor biology. The authors also identified 6 DLBCL driver genes that were more commonly mutated in patients with African ancestry compared with patients with European ancestry: ATM (21.0% vs 7.75%; P < .001), MGA (19.7% vs 5.33%; P < .001), SETD2 (17.3% vs 5.17%; P < .001), TET2 (12.3% vs 5.82%; P = .029), MLL3 (KMT2C) (11.1% vs 4.36%; P = .013), and DNMT3A (11.1% vs 4.52%; P = .016). CONCLUSIONS Distinct prevalence and patterns of mutation highlight an important difference in the mutational landscapes of DLBCL arising in different ancestry groups. To the authors' knowledge, the results of the current study provide the first-ever characterization of genetic alterations among patients with African descent who are diagnosed with DLBCL.
The Role of Internalizing Mental Health Problems in Substance Use Trajectories for Minority Adolescents

Research on adolescence and substance use point to a link between internalizing problems and substance use. The current longitudinal study investigates how internalizing problems and substance use change over time among minority adolescents and the role of internalizing problems in predicting trajectories of substance use among African American and Latinx adolescents, with attention to variation by gender, ethnicity, and generation status. This study follows a large sample of minority immigrant adolescents over three waves of data collection (10th, 11th, and 12th grades). Individual growth curve modeling showed that substance use increased over time while internalizing problems decreased overtime. Results showed that changes in internalizing problems over time significantly predicted changes in substance use over time. Ethnicity moderated this relation; specifically, greater internalizing problems predicted greater substance use for Latinx, but not African Americans. No significant interactions were found among gender or generation status in predicting substance use at intercept. Implications for future research are discussed.
The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment: The Self, the Other, and Then Again Yet Another

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we cha...
Addressing Recurrent Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Unique Challenges of Recurrent Prolapse

Recurrent pelvic organ prolapse is a challenging clinical scenario for the urogynecologist. Recurrence can be objective based on physical examination, or subjective based on patient-reported return of symptoms. Management of recurrent prolapse is dependent on the risks and benefits of proposed management options and should be driven by patient’s desires and expectations. Surgical correction of recurrent prolapse can be addressed via vaginal, abdominal, or laparoscopic routes. The need for apical suspension should always be evaluated and addressed as indicated. Native tissue repairs have good outcomes with low complication rates. Mesh can be considered for recurrent apical and anterior compartment prolapse.
Advances in functional proteomics to study plant-pathogen interactions.

Abstract Pathogen infection triggers complex signaling networks in plant cells that ultimately result in either susceptibility or resistance. We have made substantial progress in dissecting many of these signaling events, and it is becoming clear that changes in proteome composition and protein activity are major drivers of plant-microbe interactions. Here, we highlight different approaches to analyze the functional proteomes of hosts and pathogens and discuss how they have been used to further our understanding of plant disease. Global proteome profiling can quantify the dynamics of proteins, posttranslational modifications, and biological pathways that contribute to immune-related outcomes. In addition, emerging techniques such as enzyme activity–based profiling, proximity labeling, and kinase-substrate profiling are being used to dissect biochemical events that operate during infection. Finally, we discuss how these functional approaches can be integrated with other profiling data to gain a mechanistic, systems-level view of plant and pathogen signaling.
Teenagers and Parents Want the "Talk(s)".

* Abbreviation: SRH — : sexual and reproductive health There are many perceived and real barriers to discussing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) topics with adolescents during their clinical visits, including perceived parents’ and adolescents’ acceptance of these discussions, the amount of time allotted to a clinical visit, introducing and discussing confidentiality, and carving out time alone with adolescents. In this issue of Pediatrics , Sieving et al1 present findings from a nationally representative survey of parents and adolescents on SRH discussions with their health care providers in preventive visits. This is among the first population-based studies in which researchers examine adolescents’ receipt of screening and counseling about SRH topics in primary care. As part of the multimethod Confidential Adolescent Health Services study, the authors analyzed data from parent-adolescent dyads in which the adolescent had a preventive visit in the last 2 years ( n = 853 dyads). The authors assessed adolescents’ and parents’ perceived … Address correspondence to David L. Bell, MD, MPH, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Ave, B3, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: dlb54{at}cumc.columbia.edu
Speed Advisory System Using Real-Time Actuated Traffic Light Phase Length Prediction.

Speed advisory systems for connected vehicles rely on the estimation of green (or red) light duration at signalized intersections. A particular challenge is to predict the signal phases of semi- and fully-actuated traffic lights. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm that processes traffic measurement data collected from advanced detectors on road links and assigns "PASS"/"WAIT" labels to connected vehicles according to their predicted ability to go through the upcoming signalized intersection within the current phase. Additional computations provide an estimate for the duration of the current green phase that can be used by the Speed Advisory System to minimize fuel consumption. Simulation results show 95% prediction accuracy, which yields up to 30% reduction in fuel consumption when used in a driver-assistance system. Traffic progression quality also benefits from our algorithm demonstrating an improvement of 20% at peak for medium traffic demand, reducing delays and idling at intersections.
Chapter 3 Crash Sensing Criteria

Fundamentals of Crash Sensing in Automotive Air Bag Systems provides a sound introduction for engineers designing air bag systems, accident reconstructionists, litigation professionals, managers, government employees, and anyone involved with automotive safety. Drawing upon the wisdom of many pioneers in the field, Chan presents a clear explanation of automotive air bag sensors using easy-to-read charts, tables, and figures. The book also includes a glossary of terms, and exercises for further study.
Goodbye or See You Later: Why States Fight Some Secessionists but Not Others

This paper examines the variation in state response to ethno-nationalist secessionism. When faced with independence movements, states respond either with violent repression, or with peaceful concessions. I argue that a state’s vulnerability to external security threats drives its response. If the state is sanguine about its security, it reacts peacefully. However, if the state perceives that the secessionist movement challenges its external security, either directly or in alliance with a global or regional rival, it reacts harshly. The extant literature on state response to secessionism has only looked inside the state for answers; the novelty of my theory is the use of external security considerations to explain internal policies.
In vitro effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, masitinib mesylate, on canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines.

This study evaluated the in vitro activity of masitinib mesylate against canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cell lines after treatment with increasing concentrations of masitinib mesylate (0.01–100 µM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Results indicated that masitinib mesylate caused a dose- and time-dependent decrease in HSA cell proliferation. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 72 h for three HSA cell lines (DEN, Fitz and SB) was found to be 8.56, 9.41 and 10.65 µM, respectively. Further investigation demonstrated that masitinib mesylate induced apoptosis in all HSA cell lines, including activation of caspase-3/7. Measurement of VEGF levels in cell supernatant found a statistically significant increased VEGF in close proximity to the IC50 of each cell line followed by a decline back towards baseline. These findings indicate that masitinib mesylate causes dose-dependent HSA cell death in vitro and supports future clinical trials of masitinib for canine HSA.
Seleton-based data compression for multi-camera tele-immersion system

Image-based full body 3D reconstruction for tele-immersive applications generates large amount of data points, which have to be sent through the network in real-time. In this paper we introduce a skeleton-based compression method using motion estimation where kinematic parameters of the human body are extracted from the point cloud data in each frame. First we address the issues regarding the data capturing and transfer to a remote site for the tele-immersive collaboration. We compare the results of the existing compression methods and the proposed skeleton-based compression technique. We examine robustness and efficiency of the algorithm through experimental results with our multicamera tele-immersion system. The proposed skeleton-based method provides high and flexible compression ratios (from 50:1 to 5000:1) with reasonable reconstruction quality (peak signal-to-noise ratio from 28 to 31 dB).
Vaccination Levels and Missed Opportunities for Measles Vaccination: A Record Audit in a Public Pediatric Clinic

A record audit of 254 children attending a public clinic in Los Angeles was conducted to assess immunization levels prior to a measles outbreak in the community. Coverage with all vaccines appropriate for age decreased from 67% at 3 months to 25% at 19 months. Delay in initiating vaccination was associated with increasing risk for delayed measles-mumps-rubella vaccine beyond age 2 years (P less than .05). In one third of children, health care providers missed an opportunity to administer measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Recall systems and elimination of missed opportunities may increase vaccination levels in clinic populations. Record audits should be considered for use in guiding the management of immunization programs.
Trusted coalition scenario database

Responses to international events dictate the use of coalition forces for all crisis; efficiency dictates that the coalition partners share only that data which is specific to the mission. Success of the mission will depend greatly upon the extent to which the coalition can communicate and coordinate. The Trusted Coalition Scenario Database (TCSdb) demonstration, as part of JWID'97, will, through the use of web-based applications, enable existing GCCS data to interoperate with trusted systems. Additionally it will provide all coalition partners the ability to input data to the shared dataset supporting the mission.
Safety Effect of Missouri's Strategic Highway Safety Plan

This study systematically evaluated the changes in motor vehicle crashes that occurred on the Missouri Interstate highway system following the implementation of the Missouri Strategic Highway Safety Plan (MSHSP) between 2004 and 2007. The MSHSP implemented crash injury reduction strategies in enforcement, education, engineering, and public policy. Empirical Bayesian methods were commonly used to evaluate the effects of any change in safety as a result of countermeasures. This paper presents a simple new approach to evaluating the effects of Missouri's safety plans on roadway crashes. For crash data associated with traffic and roadway characteristics, negative binomial regression models were developed for the before-through-change conditions using a variable that was set to zero for preimplementation years and gradually increased over the implementation years to reach a plateau at the conclusion of the safety plans. The models developed for the various collision types and crash severities were used to esti...
Partially Coherent Optical Processing Of Images

A relationship between spatial coherence and the source intensity distribution is presented. Since the spatial coherence is dependent upon the image processing operation, a reduced spatial coherence may be used for the processing operation. The advantage of the source encoding is in the relaxation of the constraint of the coherence requirement, enabling the processing operation to be carried out using an extended incoherent source. The constraint of the temperal coherence requirement for partially coherent processing is discussed. Experimental demonstrations for image deblurring and image subtraction are also provided.
Two new distribution records of Asaccus gallagheri (Arnold, 1977) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in the Fujairah Emirate, UAE and the Musandam Governorate, Oman

I report two new distribution records of Asaccus gallagheri (Arnold, 1977) from the Fujairah Emirate, UAE and the Musandam Governorate, Oman. This species has previously been demonstrated to hold much genetic diversity, and it is likely to be composed of several cryptic species. Thus, the documentation of its distribution and expansion of its known range are of interest.
Gender Differences in the Usefulness of Goal‐Directed Coping for Middle‐Aged and Older Workers

This study, involving 224 employed adults (aged 40 to 69), investigated the potential moderating effect of gender on the effectiveness of developmental coping dispositions at work. Moderated regression results indicated that, even after controlling for occupational differences, tenacious, goal-directed coping tendencies were more highly related to occupational satisfaction and well-being for middle-aged and older men than for similar women (p < .05). These differences may reflect the operation of gender-role stereotypes that impede the progress of women at work.