cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motion tomography

Since the motion of autonomous underwater vehicles is affected by ambient flow, knowledge of an environmental flow field can be used to improve the navigation of autonomous underwater vehicles. Due to imperfect knowledge of flow, the actual trajectory of an autonomous underwater vehicle deviates from the predicted trajectory. The difference between the actual and predicted trajectories is referred to as the motion-integration error, providing information of flow along the vehicle trajectory. Inspired by computerized tomography, this paper proposes motion tomography, a tomographic method for creating a fine-grid spatial map of flow based on the motion-integration error. While typical computerized tomography is a linear problem, motion tomography is a nonlinear problem because of unknown nonlinear trajectories of autonomous underwater vehicles and the dependency of the trajectories on the flow field. Therefore, motion tomography employs an iterative process consisting of two alternating steps: Trajectory tracing and flow field estimation. Starting from an initial guess of the flow field, in the trajectory tracing step, unknown nonlinear vehicle trajectories are estimated. Then, using the estimated vehicle trajectories, a spatial map of flow is constructed through either the non-parametric or parametric flow field estimation. The error bound for trajectory tracing is computed and the convergence of both the non-parametric and parametric flow field estimation algorithms is proved. Simulation and experimental data are analyzed to evaluate the performance of motion tomography when subject to changing vehicle speed and flow variability.
Molecular Imaging and Updated Diagnostic Criteria in Lewy Body Dementias

The aims of the study were to review recent advances in molecular imaging in the Lewy body dementias (LBD) and determine if these may support the clinical but contested temporal profile distinction between Parkinson disease (PD) with dementia (PDD) versus dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). There do not appear to be major regional cerebral metabolic or neurotransmitter distinctions between PDD and DLB. However, recent studies highlight the relative discriminating roles of Alzheimer proteinopathies. PDD patients have lower cortical β-amyloid deposition than DLB. Preliminary tau PET studies suggest a gradient of increasing tau binding from cognitively normal PD (absent to lowest) to cognitively impaired PD (low) to DLB (intermediate) to Alzheimer disease (AD; highest). However, tau binding in DLB, including the medial temporal lobe, is substantially lower than in AD. Alzheimer-type proteinopathies appear to be more common in DLB compared to PDD with relative but no absolute differences. Given the spectrum of overlapping pathologies, future α-synuclein ligands are expected to have the best potential to distinguish the LBD from pure AD.
Sexual stigmatization of mental illness: The impact of sex, mental illness, and evolutionarily salient traits on the evaluation of potential mates.

The stigma toward mental illness includes a strong desire for social distance. However, there has been little research on how people’s desire for social distance applies to perceptions of people with mental illness as romantic partners. The current research used evolutionary psychology as a theoreti
Low Temperature Behavior in Random Ising Models

The behavior of Ising models with disorder is considered at low temperature. We discuss the main ideas behind a proof of long-range order in three dimensions for the ground state of the Ising model in a random magnetic field. We comment also on the behavior of interfaces in random field and random bond problems.
Excessive Opioid Prescribing After Major Urologic Procedures.

Abstract Objective To examine the use of prescription opioids in patients undergoing major prostate and kidney operations. Methods This is a prospective observational study that includes opioid naive patients who underwent a major prostate or kidney operation from January 2017-May 2017. A telephone survey was conducted 3-4 weeks postoperatively. The survey assessed the number of 5 mg oxycodone-equivalents prescribed, opioid use, and disposal. Results A total of 155 patients were included in our analysis. Most patients were male (86%), most were married (74%), the median was age 64 (interquartile range 59-70), and the majority were Caucasian (84%). Most patients reported social alcohol use (56%), but most denied current tobacco use (77%) or current and/or previous drug use (76%). Opioid prescribing exceeded use from 1.9- to 6.8-fold for all procedural categories. Overall, a total of 4065 oxycodone-equivalents were prescribed during this study and 60% of pills prescribed went unused. This resulted in 2622 excess pills in the community. Conclusion Opioids are prescribed far in excess of need following major open and minimally invasive urologic procedures. Overall, 60% of prescribed opioids were unused. These data provide initial benchmarks for appropriate opioid prescribing after major prostate and kidney procedures. Future work to validate this initial guideline and improve patient counseling regarding appropriate perioperative opioid use and disposal is needed.
Three-Dimensional Bioabsorbable Tissue Marker Placement is Associated with Decreased Tumor Bed Volume Among Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Abstract Purpose BioZorb® (Focal Therapeutics, Aliso Viejo, CA) is an implantable 3-dimensional bioabsorbable marker used for tumor bed volume (TBV) identification during postoperative radiation therapy (RT) planning. We aimed to calculate and compare RT TBVs between two cohorts managed with and without the device. Methods and Materials Data from patients with breast cancer who were treated at Rhode Island Hosptial, Providence RI between May 1, 2015 and April 30, 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and grouped based on 3-dimensional bioabsorbable marker placement. Pathology reports were used to calculate tumor excision volume (TEV) after breast conservation. Specifically, the three dimensions provided were multiplied to generate a cubic volume, defined as TEV. TBV was calculated using treatment volumes generated with Philips Pinnacle3 treatment planning software (Andover, MA). Linear regression analyses assessed the relationship between excised TEV and TBV. T tests compared the slopes of the best fit lines for plots of TEV versus TBV. Results In this retrospective case-control study, 116 patients undergoing breast RT were identified; of whom 42 received a 3-dimensional bioabsorbable marker and 74 did not. The mean TEVs were 102.7 cm3 with the device and 103.2 cm3 without the device, and the mean TBVs for the same groups were 27.5 cm3 and 40.1 cm3, respectively. The TBV standard errors for patients who did and did not receive 3-dimensional bioabsorbable markers were 23.739 and 38.685, respectively. The t tests found the slopes of the lines of best fit for these cohorts to be statistically significantly different (P = .001), with smaller TBVs achieved with 3-dimensional bioabsorbable marker placement. Conclusions When comparing TBVs between patients contemporaneously treated with or without a 3-dimensional bioabsorbable marker, device placement was associated with statistically significantly smaller TBVs in the setting of similar TEVs.
BioResources to Serve as Host for Fundamental Research Symposia Archives

The Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), founded in 1956 to organize regular symposia among pulp and paper scientists, has been aiming to widen access to their archival published proceedings. The FRC decided that it would be best to make their published work freely available on the web rather than continuing to offer CD versions for sale. They wanted to work together with an entity having experience with open access publishing. The FRC has selected BioResources as that entity, based on our 13-year record of open access service to the same branch of science and technology. BioResources is honored to take on this role and accordingly will henceforth prominently list the “Fundamental Research Symposia Archives” on our web page with links to the FRC content.
Singing mice take turns talking

![Graphic][1] As the northern winter silence melts, spring greets us with its familiar choir of birds chirruping in the tree tops. Yet, beneath the trees on the floor of Costa Rica's tropical cloud forests, the year-round sound of animal chatter never dies down. Alston's singing mice (
A Doppler Echocardiographic Pulmonary Flow Marker of Massive or Submassive Acute Pulmonary Embolus

Background To date, echocardiography has not gained acceptance as an alternative imaging modality for the detection of massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) or submassive pulmonary embolism (SMPE). The objective of this study was to explore the clinical utility of early systolic notching (ESN) of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) pulsed-wave Doppler envelope in the detection of MPE or SMPE. Methods Two hundred seventy-seven patients (mean age, 56 ± 16 years; 52% women), without known pulmonary hypertension, who underwent contrast computed tomographic angiography for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and underwent echocardiography were retrospectively studied. Extent of PE was categorized using standard criteria. ESN identified from pulsed-wave spectral Doppler interrogation of the RVOT was analyzed, as were other echocardiography parameters such as McConnell's sign, the “60/60” sign, and acceleration and deceleration times of the RVOT Doppler signal. Analysis was conducted using probability statistics and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Of the 277 patients studied, 100 (44%) had MPE or SMPE, 87 (38%) had subsegmental PE, and 90 (39%) did not have PE. ESN was observed in 92% of patients with MPE or SMPE, 2% with subsegmental PE, and in no patients without PE. Interobserver assessment of early systolic notching demonstrated 97% agreement (κ = 0.93, P Conclusions The pulmonary Doppler flow pattern of ESN appears to be a promising noninvasive sign observed frequently in patients with MPE or SMPE. Future prospective study to ascertain diagnostic utility in a broader population is warranted.
Innovations throughout the supply chain

This special issue of Aquaculture Economics and Management features six articles based on contributions to the International Association of Aquaculture Economics and Management (IAAEM) sponsored se...
Morphometric Biomarkers of Adolescents With Familial Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder.

BACKGROUND While many adolescents exhibit risky behavior, teenagers with a family history (FH+) of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at a heightened risk for earlier initiation of alcohol use, a more rapid escalation in frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption and developing a subsequent AUD in comparison with youth without such family history (FH-). Neuroanatomically, developmentally normative risk-taking behavior parallels an imbalance between more protracted development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and earlier development of limbic regions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived volumetric properties were obtained for these structures in FH+ and FH- adolescents. METHODS Forty-two substance-naive adolescents (13- to 14-year-olds), stratified into FH+ (N = 19, 13 girls) and FH- (N = 23, 11 girls) age/handedness-matched groups, completed MRI scanning at 3.0T, as well as cognitive and clinical testing. T1 images were processed using FreeSurfer to measure PFC and hippocampi/amygdalae subfields/nuclei volumes. RESULTS FH+ status was associated with larger hippocampal/amygdala volumes (p < 0.05), relative to FH- adolescents, with right amygdala results appearing to be driven by FH+ boys. Volumetric differences also were positively associated with family history density (p < 0.05) of having an AUD. Larger subfields/nuclei volumes were associated with higher anxiety levels and worse auditory verbal learning performance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FH+ risk for AUD is detectable via neuromorphometric characteristics, which precede alcohol use onset and the potential onset of a later AUD, that are associated with emotional and cognitive measures. It is plausible that the development of limbic regions might be altered in FH+ youth, even prior to the onset of alcohol use, which could increase later risk. Thus, targeted preventative measures are warranted that serve to delay the onset of alcohol use in youth, particularly in those who are FH+ for an AUD.
Laws, Rights, and Norms

Legal systems reflect the cultural norms that shape laws with respect to disability and access. By taking a theoretical and empirical approach to disability rights, it is possible to assess how basic functionings and freedoms are affected by laws, rights, and norms. This chapter examines how the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and Federal Law No. 29 differ significantly in their approach to social inclusion (i.e., social protectionism vs. human rights) and assesses what levels of progress were achieved in the implementation and enforcement of the national laws at local levels. In many instances, Federal Law No. 29 can be seen to have fallen short of the guidelines outlined by the CRPD. At a fundamental level, the federal law characterizes disability as a failure in the capacities of the individual regardless of their environment. A clear example can be seen in the federal law which emphasizes a protectionist approach to independent living and community involvement, in stark contrast to the CRPD’s Article 19 that outlines a rights-based model. Dubai’s local-level law on disability passed in 2014 presents a strong alternative by shifting the focus to rights, equity, and access.
BARTweb: a web server for transcription factor association analysis

ABSTRACT Identifying active transcription factors (TFs) that bind to cis-regulatory regions in the genome to regulate differential gene expression is a key task in gene regulation research. TF binding profiles from numerous existing ChIP-seq data can be utilized for association analysis with query data for TF identification, as alternative to DNA sequence motif analysis. Here, we present BARTweb, an interactive webserver for identifying TFs whose genomic binding patterns associate with input genomic features, by leveraging over 13,000 public ChIP-seq datasets for human and mouse. Using an updated Binding Analysis for Regulation of Transcription (BART) algorithm, BARTweb can identify functional TFs that regulate a gene set, or have a binding profile correlated with a ChIP-seq profile or enriched in a genomic region set, without a priori information of the cell type. Compared with the original BART package, BARTweb substantially reduces the execution time of a typical job by two orders of magnitude. We also show that BARTweb outperforms other existing tools in identifying true TFs from collected experimental data. BARTweb is a useful webserver for performing functional analysis of gene regulation. BARTweb is freely available at http://bartweb.org.
Multiple constraint matched field processing tolerant to array tilt mismatch.

A multiple constraint method (MCM) specifically designed to accommodate the uncertainty of array tilt is developed for matched field processing (MFP). Combining the MCM with the white noise gain constraint method results in a processor that is tolerant to both array tilt and environmental mismatch. Experimental results verify the robustness of the proposed MFP to localize and track a surface ship radiating broadband noise (200–500 Hz), using a 56-m long vertical array with tilt in approximately 100-m deep shallow water.
Methods for spatial and temporal imaging of the different steps involved in RNA processing at single-molecule resolution

RNA plays a quintessential role as a messenger of information from genotype (DNA) to phenotype (proteins), as well as acts as a regulatory molecule (noncoding RNAs). All steps in the journey of RNA from synthesis (transcription), splicing, transport, localization, translation, to its eventual degradation, comprise important steps in gene expression, thereby controlling the fate of the cell. This lifecycle refers to the majority of RNAs (primarily mRNAs), but not other RNAs such as tRNAs. Imaging these processes in fixed cells and in live cells has been an important tool in developing an understanding of the regulatory steps in RNAs journey. Single-cell and single-molecule imaging techniques enable a much deeper understanding of cellular biology, which is not possible with bulk studies involving RNA isolated from a large pool of cells. Classic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), as well as more recent aptamer-based approaches, have provided detailed insights into RNA localization, and have helped to predict the functions carried out by many RNA species. However, there are still certain processing steps that await high-resolution imaging, which is an exciting and upcoming area of research. In this review, we will discuss the methods that have revolutionized single-molecule resolution imaging in general, the steps of RNA processing in which these methods have been used, and new emerging technologies. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions.
Dreaming Together, Fighting for Freedom Together: African Progressive Nationalism and the Ideology of Unity in Portugal’s African Colonies in the 1950s and 1960s

This article outlines and studies the ideology of unity binding together progressive liberation movements in the Portuguese colonies in the 1950s and the 1960s. This ideological unity was the resul...
A C0 Interior Penalty Method for the Phase Field Crystal Equation.

We present a C0 interior penalty finite element method for the sixth-order phase field crystal equation. We demonstrate that the numerical scheme is uniquely solvable, unconditionally energy stable, and convergent. We remark that the novelty of this paper lies in the fact that this is the first C0 interior penalty finite element method developed for the phase field crystal equation. Additionally, the error analysis presented develops a detailed methodology for analyzing time dependent problems utilizing the C0 interior penalty method. We furthermore benchmark our method against numerical experiments previously established in the literature.
IRAS 01202+6133: A Possible Case of Protostellar Collapse Triggered by a Small H II Region

We present an analysis of HCO+ (J = 3 → 2) and H13CO+ (J = 3 → 2) observations of the massive (M ~ 20 M ☉) submillimeter/IR source IRAS 01202+6133 located on the periphery of the H II region KR 120 (Sh 2-187). The HCO+ line profile has a classic blue-asymmetric shape with the optically thin H13CO+ line peaking at the position expected if the HCO+ line arises from a combination of self-absorption and infall motion. We have modified existing analytic radiative transfer models to allow for the fitting of submillimeter/millimeter line profiles that have both self-absorption features and optically thin wings and applied these models to our HCO+ spectrum of IRAS 01202+6133. We conclude that it is a young Class I young stellar object with a substantial envelope undergoing slow infall and having some outflow motions. The young age of the H II region rules out a "collect and collapse" scenario. While we cannot eliminate the possibility that IRAS 01202+6133 formed spontaneously at its current location, considering its early evolutionary state and its proximity to the H II region, we think that the formation of IRAS 01202+6133 was triggered by the expansion of KR 120 (Sh 2-187).
10. A missed opportunity? Sexual activity screening and referral to gynecology services among adolescent women with chronic disease in the pediatric subspecialty setting.

Background There is an unmet need for sexual education and contraception counseling among adolescent females with chronic illnesses. Despite similar rates of sexual activity and pregnancy, medically complex females experience significantly higher risk of pregnancy compared to those without illness, including the adverse impact of teratogenic medications and potential exacerbation of maternal health conditions. We aimed to identify rates of sexual activity screening and referral to gynecology among pediatric subspecialists. Methods Study approval was obtained from the University of Chicago's Institutional Review Board in November 2019. Subspecialist pediatric providers were recruited to complete a survey of their practices around sexual activity screening, contraception counseling and gynecology referral. A retrospective chart review was conducted to compare the provider self-reported screening and referral patterns to documentation in the electronic medical record. The chart review included all eligible female patients (age 13-21, diagnosed with a chronic condition) of the participating providers. Descriptive statistics were employed to explore baseline sample characteristics and clinical practices. Results Thirty-nine pediatric providers were surveyed from rheumatology (n=5, 12.8%), endocrinology (n=8, 20.5%), hematology/oncology (n=12, 30.8%), gastroenterology (n=7, 17.9%) and neurology (n=7, 17.9%). Most (74%) providers reported seeing their adolescent patients at least every 2-3 months. One third (33%) estimated that at least half of their adolescent patients are on a teratogenic medication. Most (50%) reported routinely asking about sexual activity and referring sexually active adolescents to gynecology (69%). The retrospective chart review included 222 patients (mean age=16.58 years). One third (30%) of adolescents had any history of contraception documented, while 25% had a previous gynecology visit. Six patients (2.7%) were referred to gynecology, with 11 instances (4.9%) of sexual activity screening documented. Documentation of the impact of chronic disease (5 cases, 2.2%) and medications (14 cases, 6.3%) on pregnancy was low. Conclusions Despite frequent contact with the medical field and use of teratogenic medications, adolescent females with chronic illnesses are inconsistently screened for sexual activity and are rarely referred to gynecology from their pediatric subspecialists. Findings in our study reflect a discord between provider self-reported screening and referral practices and documentation of these activities, representing an opportunity for improvement.
Place et utilisation de la procalcitonine en réanimation pédiatrique et néonatale

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker of bacterial infection (BI) increasingly used in clinical practice. In an intensive care unit (ICU), the interpretation of PCT plasma concentrations can be affected by several inflammatory situations (burns, trauma, major surgeries including cardiac surgery, massive transfusion, renal dysfunction…). A review of pediatric literature is done and focused on PCT use in three areas: diagnosing BI; ruling out BI; and guiding duration of antibiotic therapy. In critically ill children, PCT shows a moderate accuracy for BI diagnosis. The suspicion of BI must remain clinical and lead, regardless of PCT plasma concentrations, to early administration of empiric broad spectrum antibiotics, with therapy deescalation once the pathogen is identified and sensitivies established. Because its negative predictive value is high, the use of a PCT-guided algorithm seems interesting in pediatric ICU in terms of shortening total and broad spectrum antibiotics duration without increasing recurrences, using criteria such as PCT plasma concentrations <0.5 ng/mL or decreasing levels by ≥50-80% from the peak value. The algorithm has provided strong evidence of efficacy and safety among critically ill adults. However, all previously published pediatric studies were not randomised. Two pediatric randomised controlled trials are currently in progress. One is a large French multicenter study in neonatal ICUs, the other an American single-center study in pediatric ICU. The required number of patients must be large enough to validate the safety endpoint (non-inferiority regarding mortality). Finally, respecting antibiotic guidelines could decrease by itself the current duration of antibiotic therapy.
Sticking to What Matters: A Matched Comparative Study of Fibrin Glue and Mechanical Fixation for Split-Thickness Skin Grafts in the Lower Extremity.

Background: Split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) remain a valuable tool in the reconstructive surgeons’ armamentarium. Staple or suture mechanical fixation (MF) serves as the gold standard of care, ...
Factors affecting the use of lactate dehydrogenase as a means of bloodstain differentiation.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a ubiquitous enzyme present in human tissues and body fluids, catalyzes the reversible oxidation of lactate to pyruvate. Electrophoretically, LDH can be separated into five distinct isozyme fractions commonly designated as LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4, and LDH-5 [1].
Movsesian v. Victoria Versicherung and the Scope of the President's Foreign Affairs Power to Preempt Words

The article addresses the continuing struggle of the federal courts to define the scope of the federal government’s foreign affairs power to preempt state law. In 2010, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals did an about face in Movsesian v. Victoria Versicherung, which involved a claim that a California statute using the phrase "Armenian Genocide" is preempted by a few informal nonbinding statements of executive policy made to Congress objecting to the use of those words in Congressional resolutions. In Movsesian I, the Ninth Circuit found the California statute preempted in a decision that would have expanded the federal government’s foreign affairs power to preempt state law in unprecedented and potentially dangerous ways. Perhaps recognizing in hindsight the possible implications of its decision, the Ninth Circuit then granted rehearing and reversed itself in 2010, now convinced that there is no clear federal policy that preempts the California statute. In neither decision, however, did the Ninth Circuit extensively consider the implications of preempting states from using certain words when legislating. This article uses the Movsesian decisions to illustrate the confusion in this area of the law and calls on the Supreme Court to provide greater clarity. It argues that it is bad law and policy for the judiciary to find state law preempted in the absence of a formal legislative act to provide guidance. Doing so effectively requires the judiciary to decide for the executive branch when a foreign policy exists and the substance and scope of that policy. The article ultimately concludes that allowing the federal government to impose a complete ban the use of particular words in state legislation would violate state sovereignty.
Chapter 10 Nano-confined water

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic behavior of water confined in narrow pores. Many of the peculiar properties of water are because of its molecular structure and its ability to form H bonds. The chapter presents an evidence to show how confined water severely affects several important technological applications. The results obtained for water in spherical, cylindrical, and slit-shaped nanopores, either hydrophilic or hydrophobic are reviewed. When gases or liquids are adsorbed in the pores of narrow dimensions, their properties change considerably compared to those typical of bulk phases. In particular, microscopic structure and phase equilibria are strongly influenced by the geometry (slit-shaped, cylindrical, or spherical pores present in different materials) and the chemical composition of the confining material. When nanopores (pores whose characteristic dimensions are in the order of nanometers) are considered, these effects are even more pronounced because the typical size of the pores becomes comparable to the size of the confined molecules. Under these circumstances, the phase behavior for the confined fluid reflects the presence of both surface and bulk contributions to the fluid free energy.
Time of appearance of lung surfactant in the foetal mouse.

PATTLE1 first noted the stability of bubbles formed in the foam expressed from lungs of mature animals and the lack of stability in material from fœtal lungs. Clements2 emphasized the importance of a bubblestabilizing factor, that is, a surfactant, in the prevention of atelectasis. Lungs from human fœtuses of less than 1,000 gm. usually lack the surfactant characteristic of older fœtuses3; occasionally, lessmature fœtuses possess lung stability4.
How Realistic Should a Software Project Course Be

The author has argued elsewhere in favor of the experiential learning objectives of a software project course and has noted that the computer education literature is replete with descriptions of project courses which vary from systems analysis only to complete implementations of software systems. This paper advocates the production and delivery of a software product in a project course, but reports favorable experience with an "academic" rather than "realistic" project management structure. This experience motivates reflection as to the value of trying to replicate all aspects of the industrial environment in academe.
Effect of Election Day Vote Centers on Voter Participation

Abstract In this article we study the effects of Election Day vote centers on voter turnout. Specifically we examine Texas and Colorado's experience with alternative arrangements for the number and location of Election Day voting places and its impact on voter turnout in the 2006 and 2008 elections. We test our hypotheses at both the aggregate (i.e., county) and individual levels. We find evidence that vote centers increase voter turnout in presidential and midterm elections, and particularly among infrequent voters in midterms.
The effect of trip wire roughness on the performance of the Wortmann FX 63-137 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers

An experimental investigation was conducted on the performance and boundary layer characteristics of the Wortmann FX 63-137 airfoil with and without trip wire roughness. Data were obtained through use of a three-component strain gage force balance and static pressure measurement equipment at a test Reynolds number of R c = 100,000. Emphasis was placed on determining the effect of trip wire placement and size on such performance parameters as (C l /C d )max and (C 3/2 /C d )max. Prediction of transition location by the criterion due to Tani and Gibbings was found to have limited application. Most trip wire locations resulted in degraded performance, but for some locations, minimum drag was reduced, maximum lift to drag ratio increased, and hysteresis averted.
Perception of family need in pediatric oncology

This paper studies the needs of a family in which a child has been diagnosed with cancer. The tasks of the family include meeting the physical and psychosocial needs of the child while attempting to maintain normal family functioning. Various psychological and social factors affect the outcome of medical treatment and the recovery process. The paper highlights the needs assessment as a tool in a comprehensive approach to service delivery.
Right ventricular volume in congenital heart disease

Abstract Methods for angiographic determination of right ventricular volume were compared in right ventricular cast studies and in vivo using a semiautomated Simpson's rule, elliptical and rectangular cross sections and a simple geometric model, a prism with a triangular base. In cast studies excellent correlation coefficients were obtained for all three methods ( r = 0.97 to 0.98). In vivo, excellent linear correlation was obtained when the methods were compared ( r = 0.98 to 0.99, P Normal mean right ventricular volumes (70 patients) in milliliters per square meter±1 standard deviation were: end-diastolic volume 64 ± 15, end-systolic volume 25 ± 8 and stroke index 39 ± 11; ejection fraction was 0.61 ± 0.08. Normal mean left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (77 patients) were lower (59 and 19, respectively), and ejection fraction was higher (0.68). Stroke index was the same. Other results showed decreased mean end-diastollc and end-systolic volumes and stroke index, increased ejection fraction ( P P We conclude that a geometric model can be used to determine right ventricular volume with accuracy. In children, the right ventricle can adapt reversibly to chronic increases in afterload and preload; it is not necessarily overloaded by a ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot, and it is relatively unaffected by severe myocardial disease.
EVALUATING THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE EDENTULOUS MOUTH.

Summary Altogether too many “problem denture patients” may be exemplified by the painful inflamed mouth of the denture wearer shown in Fig. 22. Despite the best prosthodontic efforts, including evaluation of nutritional factors, electrolyte evaluation and hormonal disease, allergic, and systemic medication, this patient failed to respond favorably. It would seem that, although some inroads have been made in comprehending the problems of tissue tolerance, much remains to be done before more accurate and more meaningful evaluations of the oral mucosa are possible prior to complete denture construction.
The hospitality/tourism academic leader as catalytic agent: a model for sustainable institutional change

Abstract Research in the sciences describes “catalytic mechanisms” as linkages between substances that initiate sustainable change. Academic leaders infuse catalytic mechanisms within the institution by becoming “catalytic agents.” This article draws from the research to posit a theory of catalytic agentry as an intervention tool that is linked with leadership relationships to enact sustainable change in hospitality/tourism colleges, schools, and departments. Next, examples are reported that describe the flow of organizational interventions that take the form of catalytic mechanisms. Finally, implications for practicing hospitality and tourism academic leaders are summarized.
The virtues of epistemic conservatism

Although several important methodologies implicitly assume the truth of epistemic conservatism, the view that holding a belief confers some measure of justification on the belief, recent criticisms have led some to conclude that epistemic conservatism is an implausible view. That conclusion is mistaken. In this article, I propose a new formulation of epistemic conservatism that is not susceptible to the criticisms leveled at earlier formulations of epistemic conservatism. In addition to withstanding these criticisms, this formulation of epistemic conservatism has several benefits. First, this formulation has the benefits of earlier formulations of epistemic conservatism, that is to say it makes sense of our intuitions about justification in regard to both memory beliefs and beliefs for which we have forgotten our evidence. Second, it provides a good way of responding to the skeptic’s challenge concerning the possibility of possessing knowledge of the external world posed by the Alternative Hypotheses argument. Third, it provides responses to both forms of a new skeptical problem plaguing basic knowledge structure theories, the Problem of Easy Knowledge formulated by Stewart Cohen. I argue that given the many benefits of this formulation of epistemic conservatism and the fact that it is not vulnerable to the criticisms that undermine earlier formulations of epistemic conservatism, this formulation of epistemic conservatism is a plausible view to maintain.
Phosphate binder usage in kidney failure patients

Phosphorus binders are used in patients with kidney failure because of the incomplete removal of phosphorus with dialysis and the inability to exclude phosphorus from the diet. Aluminium was the initial phosphorus binder used, but was replaced by calcium-containing binders because of the development of aluminium toxicity. Calcium-based binders have been the mainstay of therapy for many years, but recent investigations have pointed to increased rates of vascular calcification in patients taking calcium-containing binders. For this reason, alternative agents have been developed. Sevelamer (Renagel), GelTex Pharmaceuticals Inc.) is a polymer which has been found to effectively bind phosphorus. It has resulted in a decreased rate of vascular calcification compared to calcium-containing binders. Other agents under development include lanthanum carbonate and iron-complex preparations. Further research will likely concentrate on identifying binders that bind phosphate more efficiently, have minimal gastrointestinal side effects and provide other benefits to dialysis patients.
Effects of Nembutal anesthesia on progesterone-4-14c metabolism in the adrenal gland of the mongolian gerbil

Abstract Progesterone-4-14C has been incubated with sectioned adrenal glands of the Mongolian gerbil ( Meriones unguiculatus ) following pentobarbital sodium ( Nembutal ) anesthesia. Using column chromatography and thin-layer techniques, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, and cortisone have been identified as metabolites of progesterone. The relative distribution of metabolites in these experiments (Nembutal) are compared with earlier results using ether anesthesia.
Conflict theory and police killings

Although there has been considerable interest in the homicide of law enforcement officers, there has been little systematic analysis of the effects of structural variables on police killings across macro social units. Recently, Peterson and Bailey (1988) have examined the macro social determinants of police killings within a theoretical context and concluded that social conditons which bring civilians and law enforcement officers into conflict are central to an understanding of police killings. This study attempts to extend this research by evaluating hypotheses derived from the conflict perspective of crime control. Consistent with conflict theory, the analyses indicate that the racial and economic composition of states has a significant impact on the average rate of police killings.
Service differentiation mechanisms for WLANs

Designing a medium access control (MAC) protocol that simultaneously provides service differentiation and high throughput, and allows individual users to share limited spectrum resources fairly is a challenging problem for wireless LANs when applications have diverse performance requirements, such as high throughput, low delay, and delay jitter. In this paper, we propose efficient flow-based and class-based weighted fair queueing (WFQ) mechanisms with very simple-state information that considers only collisions, like the standard IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol. We utilize an analytical throughput model to obtain the optimal parameter settings for both mechanisms. Simulation results show that both mechanisms provide weighted throughput within 1% of the given throughput ratio. Additionally, we propose a novel and efficient priority mechanism. Our key technique involves each node changing its backoff counter based on both its own packet's priority level and the priority level of the transmitted packet. Specifically, a node will increase its backoff counter linearly with a higher-priority packet transmission and decrease it exponentially with a lower-priority packet transmission. Simulation results show that our mechanism always protects high-priority traffic while still providing high throughput.
Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology.

‘The knowledge contained in the book demonstrates how quickly and relatively efficiently the worldwide research community can meld together into a giant collaborative effort and concentrate its resources to rapidly begin to understand and solve problems, in this case a health problem.’ Coronaviruses cause respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in various vertebrates, including minor respiratory diseases in humans. Because of that fact, focused research on these viruses was limited to a few dedicated, but talented, research groups. However, that changed in 2003, when a new coronavirus emerged, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-like virus (SARS-CoV), which caused a life-threatening respiratory disease characterized as an acute respiratory distress syndrome with a fatality rate of almost 10%. Suddenly, the world’s researchers devoted countless hours to attempting to identify, characterize and develop
Optical recognition of defective pins on VLSI chips using electron trapping material

A method is investigated for fast online inspection of pins on very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit chips prior to mounting on circuit boards. We image the edge of the VLSI chip containing the pins to be inspected onto electron trapping material (ETM) using Argon light. This writes an image of the pins to be inspected onto the material. Then we image an identical chip type with perfect pins onto the electron trapping material using IR light. This performs a subtraction between the two images. The output is read out with another IR beam and summed onto a detector. If the output exceeds an electronic threshold, pins are considered damaged. We show experimental results with pins separated by 0.2 mm to show practicality and speed of the approach. A second approach is explored in which the grating effect of the pins is used to form a self image. The same procedure is followed except that imaging lenses are no longer required. We show that there is no advantage in using self imaging with this approach.
Strategizing for the Future.

This final chapter reviews strategies that community colleges can use to address issues of gender and create more equitable and pluralistic environments. It also discusses the need for research that examines the intersection between social identities and community college mission, culture, and environment.
Urban Waters partnership expands

The Urban Waters Federal Partnership has expanded to include 11 new additions throughout the United States, bringing the number of sites in the program to 18, the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) announced on 10 May at a briefing in Grand Rapids, Mich.
Scientific, business and political networks in academia

Abstract This paper models a scholar’s allocation of time between academia and professional activities outside academia, given the academic labour market and networks incentives. Under feasible conditions scientific networks have positive externalities, while business and political networks have negative externalities for academic productivity. The final part of the paper brings a brief discussion on policy recommendations to stimulate academic productivity.
Potential risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma include oral contraceptives: results of a nested case-control study.

Recently, a population-based case-control study observed a 60% increased odds ratio (OR) for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among women who had ever used oral contraceptives (OCs) compared with non users (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–2.5). To further characterize the putative association between OC use and SCC risk, we conducted a nested case-control study using a large retrospective cohort of 111,521 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and CIs adjusting for known and hypothesized SCC risk factors. Pre-diagnostic OC use was associated with a statistically significant increased OR for SCC in univariate analysis (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.2–4.8), with borderline statistical significance in multivariable analysis (CI = 2.0, CI = 0.91–4.5). Given the high incidence of SCC in the general population and the prevalent use of OCs among women in the United States, there is a need for more large, carefully designed epidemiologic studies to determine whether the observed association between OC use and SCC can be replicated and to better understand the etiologic basis of an association if one exists.
Motion of ionic and orientational defects in a hydrogen-bonded chain

Abstract We have constructed simple models which allow us to investigate the formation and motion of both ionic and orientational defects in a chain of hydrogen-bonded sites. The models incorporate a classical lattice hamiltonian and a modified tight-binding electronic hamiltonian in which site energies are dependent on lattice displacements. Numerical simulations of the dynamics have been carried out on 100-site chains in both the absence and presence of an electric field. The models predict that the barrier to rotations is nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the hopping barrier in a chain of H 2 O molecules. The hopping barrier diminishes under pressure, disappearing when the OO distance is reduced by ∼13% from its physical equilibrium value of 2.75 A. Stable defect pairs of either type can be created; equilibrium defect width is only a few sites. In the case of orientational defects, physically reasonable fields can lead to defect motion; for ionic defects, however, coherent defect motion is seen only at extremely large field values.
Transport of bacteria in porous media: I. An experimental investigation

The convective transport of concentrated suspensions of bacteria in porous media is of interest for several processes such as microbial enhanced oil recovery and in situ bioremediation. The parameters which affect the transport of the bacterium Bacillus licheniformis JF-2, a candidate microorganism for microbial enhanced oil recovery, were investigated experimentally in sandpacks. Bacteria retention and permeability reduction occurred primarily in the first few centimeters upon entering the porous medium. In downstream sections of the sandpack, the permeability reduction was low, even in cases in which high cell concentrations were detected in the effluent. The effects of (1) addition of a dispersant, (2) linear velocity of injection, (3) cell concentration, (4) salinity, (5) temperature, and (6) the presence of a residual oleic phase were determined experimentally. A lower reduction in permeability and a higher effluent bacterial concentration were obtained in the presence of dispersant, high injection velocities, low salinities, and at a higher temperature. Macroscopic measurements at different linear velocities and in the presence or absence of dispersants suggest that the formation of reversible microaggregates and multiparticle hydrodynamic exclusion may be the primary mechanisms for bacterial retention and permeability reduction.
Evolution Of Shiva Laser Alignment Systems

The Shiva oscillator pulse is preamplified and divided into twenty beams. Each beam is then amplified, spatially filtered, directed, and focused onto a target a few hundred micrometers in size producing optical intensities up to 10/sup 16/W/cm/sup 2/. The laser was designed and built with three automatic alignment systems: the oscillator alignment system, which aligns each of the laser's three oscillators to a reference beamline; the chain input pointing system, which points each beam into its respective chain; and the chain output pointing, focusing and centering system which points, centers and focuses the beam onto the target. Recently the alignment of the laser's one hundred twenty spatial filter pinholes was also automated. This system uses digitized video images of back-illuminated pinholes and computer analysis to determine current positions. The offset of each current position from a desired center point is then translated into stepper motor commands and the pinhole is moved the proper distance. While motors for one pinhole are moving, the system can digitize, analyze, and send commands to other motors, allowing the system to efficiently align several pinholes in parallel.