cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for non-Fermi liquid behavior in the Kondo alloy Y1-xUxPd3.

We present measurements of electrical resitivity \ensuremath{\rho}(T), specific heat C(T), entropy S(T), and magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}(T) as functions of temperature T for the alloy system ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{U}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$. For x=0.2, \ensuremath{\rho}(T)/\ensuremath{\rho}(0) is almost linear in T for 0.2\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}20 K, and C(T)/T\ensuremath{\sim}-ln(\ensuremath{\alpha}T) for 0.6T16 K. Also, the added molar entropy per U, \ensuremath{\Delta}S(T)-\ensuremath{\Delta}S(0) appears to saturate to (R/2)ln(2), suggesting that \ensuremath{\Delta}S(0)\ensuremath{\approxeq}(R/2)ln(2). We argue that our data provide comprehensive evidence in a dilute alloy for the two-channel quadrupolar Kondo effect (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}42 K) with concomitant ``marginal Fermi liquid'' phenomenology.
Brief Report: Antimalarial Benefit of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Areas of Low to Moderate Malaria Transmission Intensity.

Background:We previously used mathematical modeling to predict reduced malaria incidence in children with protease inhibitor (PI)-, compared with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor–, based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), in moderate to high malaria transmission areas. These
Further Notes on Drug Therapy

I agree with most of Dr. Kline’s statements about the drug treatment of depression. For the benefit of the clinicians reading this section, I am providing a table (Table I) of the antidepressants available on a prescription basis in the United States at this time and their approximate effective dosages, as well as the dosage forms in which each is available. The reader who is also a careful student of package inserts will note that some of my dosage ranges slightly exceed the upper dosage recommended by the FDA and the company. Higher dosages should only be tried in patients who failed to respond at lower levels and showed no undesirable side effects at those dosages. In older patients who have had prior cardiovascular disease, consultation with an internist should be held and an electrocardiogram should be obtained before exceeding the upper “recommended” dosage. Where feasible, drug blood levels or platelet monoamine oxidase activity levels should be checked (see below).
Complicated sisterhood: A generous reading of Leah and Rachel’s story:

Often, both our similarities with and differences from the experiences of Leah and Rachel lead us to unfair and overly critical interpretations of their saga. In such interpretations, we continue t...
Survival of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) of the colon and rectum: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

3541 Background: HGNECs are rare, aggressive colorectal tumors, biologically similar to small cell lung cancer. Their optimal management is unclear and based on case series. Our study sought to com...
On Resonance in Celestial Mechanics

This brief survey of the author's contribution to the theory of resonance in celestial mechanics begins with the genesis of the Small Divisor. The fundamental distinction between theshallow anddeep resonance is illustrated by the 5∶2 Jupiter-Saturn and the 3-2 Neptune-Pluto resonances in the planetary system. The search for aglobal solution through a removal of the small divisor is put into a historical perspective through the work of Laplace, Bohlin, and Poincare. The author's own contribution to the methodology is the formulation and the solution of the Ideal Resonance Problem. If the resonance issimple, all the singularities in the solution are removed by means of aregularizing function. On the other hand, if the resonance isdouble, the second critical divisor seems irremovable, and a global solution may be precluded.
Bouncier Particles at Night: Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Chemistry and Sulfate Drive Diel Variations in the Aerosol Phase in a Mixed Forest

Aerosol phase state is critical for quantifying aerosol effects on climate and air quality. However, significant challenges remain in our ability to predict and quantify phase state during its evolution in the atmosphere. Herein, we demonstrate that aerosol phase (liquid, semisolid, solid) exhibits a diel cycle in a mixed forest environment, oscillating between a viscous, semisolid phase state at night and liquid phase state with phase separation during the day. The viscous nighttime particles existed despite higher relative humidity and were independently confirmed by bounce factor measurements and atomic force microscopy. High-resolution mass spectrometry shows the more viscous phase state at night is impacted by the formation of terpene-derived and higher molecular weight secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and smaller inorganic sulfate mass fractions. Larger daytime particulate sulfate mass fractions, as well as a predominance of lower molecular weight isoprene-derived SOA, lead to the liquid state of the daytime particles and phase separation after greater uptake of liquid water, despite the lower daytime relative humidity. The observed diel cycle of aerosol phase should provoke rethinking of the SOA atmospheric lifecycle, as it suggests diurnal variability in gas-particle partitioning and mixing time scales, which influence aerosol multiphase chemistry, lifetime, and climate impacts.
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Pediatric Sleep Difficulties

Behavioral sleep problems affect approximately 20–40% of children, impair daytime functioning, and typically do not resolve without treatment. This chapter will outline the conceptualization and treatment of behavioral sleep difficulties including behavioral insomnia of childhood (e.g., difficulties with sleep initiation or maintenance, bedtime noncompliance) and delayed sleep–wake phase disorder. Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatment components and approaches will be discussed. Behavioral treatment components that may be helpful for youth with parasomnias, obstructive sleep apnea, and narcolepsy to optimize the medical treatment and/or improve functional outcomes are also briefly reviewed. A case example will be presented to elucidate the application of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatment components for a young child with behavioral sleep difficulties.
Ten Things We Need to Do to Achieve the Goals of the End the HIV Epidemic Plan for America.

Problem:DHHS announced a plan for Ending the HIV Epidemic (EtHE) by reducing new HIV infections in the United States by 75% within 5 years and 90% within 10 years through early diagnosis of all individuals with HIV, immediate treatment to achieve viral suppression, protection of high-risk but uninfe
The Potential Impact of Social Genomics on Wound Healing

Significance: Human skin wounds carry an immense epidemiologic and financial burden, and their impact will continue to grow with an aging population and rising incidence of comorbid conditions know...
Policy Advocacy on Women's Issues in India: Exploring Challenges to Social Work

Advocating human development and social justice, and influencing the policy-induced change, are primary roles of social workers. However, in India, policy advocacy on women’s issues involves context-specific challenges due to politico-religious society and institutions. Social workers are challenged by different gendered beliefs across public and private systems while promoting gender equality in India. Therefore, policy advocacy on women’s issues implies changing gendered social contexts and confront a range of entities and institutions governed by state policies. Using a conceptual approach, author outlines challenges for social work in advocating women’s issues in India. The paper concludes with suggestions for social work education and practice for effective policy advocacy on gender issues in India.
Expected Utility in 3D

Consider a subjective expected utility preference relation. It is usually held that the representations which this relation admits differ only in one respect, namely, the possible scales for the measurement of utility. In this paper, I discuss the fact that there are, metaphorically speaking, two additional dimensions along which infinitely many more admissible representations can be found. The first additional dimension is that of state-dependence. The second—and, in this context, much lesser-known—additional dimension is that of act dependence. The simplest implication of their usually neglected existence is that the standard axiomatizations of subjective expected utility fail to provide the measurement of subjective probability with satisfactory behavioral foundations.
Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma

Central nuclear collisions at energies far above 1 GeV/nucleon may provide for conditions, where the transition from highly excited hadronic matter into quark matter or quark-gluon plasma can be probed. Here I review our current understanding of the physical properties of a quark-gluon plasma and review ideas about the nature of, and signals for, the deconfinement transition. I also give a detailed presentation of recent progress in the treatment of the formation of a thermalized state at the parton level.
Fibrotic cataract as a sign of posterior capsule violation post vitrectomy

Abstract Purpose To report fibrotic cataract as a sign of posterior capsule violation post vitrectomy. Observations A 16 year old female presented to our retina clinic after multiple prior vitrectomies at an outside hospital for traumatic retinal detachment. On presentation, it was noted that she still had a silicone oil inside the eye, and a dense, fibrotic cataract limiting the posterior pole view. The decision was made to pursue cataract phacoemulsification plus silicone oil removal. We utilized the Zepto capsulotomy system given the white cataract. After gentle bimanual irrigation and aspiration of the cataract, it was discovered there were two small, round, posterior capsule defects with fibrosis around these holes that extended anteriorly, involving the capsular fornix and anterior capsule. This was confirmed intraoperatively on heads-up OCT. A three-piece intraocular lens was placed into the capsular bag, but given the contracted capsular fornix, the IOL was decentered inferonasally, so it was repositioned in the sulcus with good centration. Conclusions It is known that pars plana vitrectomy leads to accelerated cataract formation postoperatively. This case report is the first to our knowledge that describes a fibrotic cataract as a sign of posterior capsular violation. Importance We demonstrate that presence of fibrotic cataract post vitrectomy should raise suspicion for capsular violation and should prompt further discussion with the patient regarding appropriate surgical planning and expectations.
Direct Kinetic Simulation of the Interaction of an Expanding Plasma Plume with Ambient Gas

The interaction of a laser pulse with a material surface induces the formation of a plasma plume that expands away from the surface. This laser ablation procedure is relevant to pulsed laser deposition, laser propulsion, inertial confinement fusion, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The interaction of the plume with a background gas influences the efficiency of the ablation, deposition, and propulsion processes, and is associated with a myriad of accompanying physical mechanisms. For example, a plume expanding into ambient gas of low pressure around 100 mTorr exhibits splitting and sharpening. 1 A definitive mechanistic explanation for laser-induced plasma plume splitting remains an active area of research. 2 The highly transient process is amenable to direct numerical simulation, which can probe the interactions between individual constituents of the plume–gas mixture in a temporally resolved manner to provide detailed physical insights inaccessible by other means. This requires the adoption of appropriate numerical methods and models. Most studies have employed particle kinetic methods, such as the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, to simulate this process. 3,4 Particle methods are subject to statistical noise, which can prove challenging in a transient flow. Direct kinetic methods, which solve the Boltzmann equation in an Eulerian fashion, are more capable of accurately resolving time-evolving flows. In this work, a direct kinetic solver is used to simulate a two-species mixture as a model problem for the laser-induced plume expansion process. A weakly ionized plume is initially concentrated at one end of the simulation domain and allowed to expand into ambient low-pressure gas of a distinct species. We examine the sensitivity of plume expansion, splitting, and sharpening to the employed computational grid, as well as the background gas pressure and collision models.
I Was Wrong: The Relationship between Apologies and Forgiveness

We often understand forgiveness as synonymous with “accepting an apology,” which naturally leads discussions of apologies to examinations of the nature and meanings of forgiveness. Forgiveness has thankfully received far more attention than apologies within various Western philosophical traditions, including discourses from Seneca, Bishop Butler, Hegel, Nietzsche, Arendt, Derrida, and others. Many accomplished contemporary philosophers from diverse perspectives continue to contribute to this already rich field, including work by J. M. Bernstein, Cheshire Calhoun, Trudy Govier, Charles Griswold, Jean Hampton, Julia Kristeva, Martha Minow, Jeffrie Murphy, Martha Nussbaum, Kelly Oliver, Robert Solomon, Margaret Urban Walker, and others. Rather than offering a comprehensive account of forgiveness here – which would easily double the length of this book because the meanings of forgiveness seem as complex as those of apologies – I will instead note how some features of my theory of apologies might relate to forgiveness scholarship. Most generally, I expect that just as binary views of apologies prove too coarse to appreciate the intricacies of apologetic meanings, binary views of forgiveness also oversimplify the range of meanings and functions of the practice. I find it misleading to claim that one day I experience negative attitudes and opinions toward an offender but the next day I am able to entirely overcome these emotions and reverse judgments. Even if someone who harms me offers a categorical apology and comports herself to my highest expectations, I still wonder if it might be too simplistic to claim without qualification that I forgive her.
The Credibility Problem

The problem is estimation of the amount or number of claims to be paid on a particular insurance policy in a future coverage period. This is a random quantity whose ultimate value will be affected by a number of factors: the individual characteristics of the insured, the characteristics of a larger group to which the insured belongs, external factors (mostly economic quantities), and the random nature of the insured event. Recognizing that no amount of information will allow us to exactly predict future claims, we settle for either the probability distribution of this amount or properties of this distribution such as the mean and variance. Of greatest interest is the mean, which (under squared error loss) would be our best guess as to what the future claims might be. For the most part we will ignore the economic variables, or equivalently, assume they are accounted for outside the credibility analysis.
BOND FORMATION DURING CELL COMPRESSION

In this chapter we examine the role that mechanical forces play in the formation of adhesive contacts between leukocytes (principally neutrophils) and an adhesive substrate. After a brief review of the principal molecules involved and their roles in cell recruitment to the endothelium, we summarize fundamental aspects of the kinetics of bond formation at a membrane interface. Mechanisms by which force may enhance the adhesive process cross molecular, microscopic, and macroscopic length scales. At the molecular level, forward rates of reaction may be affected by repulsive interactions between cell surfaces that prevent molecules from interacting. Increasing impingement stress can overcome these repulsive interactions and significantly increase bond formation rates. On a macroscopic level, increasing impingement force increases the area of a contact region, creating increased opportunities for bond formation. At intermediate length scales, microvilli protruding from the cell surface may limit the regions within the macroscopic contact zone where membranes are in molecularly close contact, and mechanical forces can alter the microtopography of the surface, increasing the percentage of area within the macroscopic contact zone where bonds can form. Quantitative examples showing the effects of force through these various mechanisms are presented, demonstrating the substantial effects that force can have on adhesion.
Targeting Nucleotide Excision Repair as a Mechanism to Increase Cisplatin Efficacy

Tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic DNA damaging agents, such as cisplatin, is an obstacle in the treatment of many cancers, including lung and ovarian. Resistance is influenced by nucleotide excision repair (NER) catalyzed removal of cisplatin-DNA lesions. NER is the primary pathway used by the cells in the repair of helix-distorting cisplatin lesions; therefore, inhibition of NER may increase the efficacy of cisplatin treatment. More specifically, the recognition and verification of DNA damage by NER is a critical step in the pathway, making it an ideal target for inhibition. Recognition of DNA damage occurs primarily through two proteins, Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A (XPA) and replication protein A (RPA). XPA has been shown to have a role exclusively in NER, thus making it a highly specific target for inhibition that will lead to a decrease in NER and an increase in sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. RPA is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that has roles in NER as well as in other metabolic pathways, including DNA replication and recombination. We have developed a high-throughput (HT) assay for XPA/RPA binding to DNA and screened libraries of small molecules to identify compounds capable of interrupting the protein/DNA interaction, an effort that has lead to the identification of small molecule inhibitors of both RPA and XPA. These inhibitors have been validated in secondary in vitro screens and structure—activity relationships were determined for one class of inhibitors. Further development of this class of compounds is anticipated to display cytostatic/cytotoxic activity and sensitize cells to cisplatin therapy.
Transfer of ex vivo expanded T lymphocytes after activation with dendritomas prolonged survival of mice challenged with C1498 tumor cells.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5576 Adoptive T cell transfer after ex vivo expansion represents an attractive cancer immunotherapy. Majority of the studies so far have been focusing on the expansion of tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TIL) and some have shown very encouraging results. Recently, we have developed a unique tumor immune response activator, dendritomas, by fusion of dendritic cells and tumor cells. Animal studies and early clinical trials have shown that dendritomas are able to activate tumor specific immune responses. In this study, we hypothesized that naive T cells can be primed with dendritomas and expanded ex vivo in hope to develop an adoptive transfer therapy for patients who do not have solid tumors, such as leukemia. T cells were isolated and purified from either spleen or lymph node of mice. The cells were then incubated with dendritomas made from syngeneic DCs and tumor cells and expanded ex vivo using Dynabeads Mouse CD3/CD28 T cell expander for several weeks. Tumor bearing mice receiving ex vivo expanded T cells survived significantly longer than control mice. Furthermore, the depletion of regulator T cells enhanced the survival of mice received the adoptive transfer therapy.
Dispersion in the enclosed-space radio channel: measurements and model

Sensor and instrumentation networks operating inside aircraft wings, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) fuselage, small submarine craft and/or automobile engine compartments could be significantly enhanced or enabled by implementing radio communications within these spaces. However, these enclosures are highly reverberant, and radio channel dispersion has been shown to be considerable in an empty-enclosure configuration. In this work, further dispersion measurements incorporating environmentally realistic objects are presented. Results are introduced that allow the channel dispersion parameters to be represented by a single measured channel parameter, making. an important advance towards complete enclosed space channel dispersion predictions.
Early differentiation of motor neuroblasts in the chick embryo as studied by electron microscopy: II. Microtubules and neurofilaments

Summary Microtubules, neurofilaments, and neurotubules have been studied in neural epithelial cells and differentiating motor neuroblasts in the spinal cord of chick embryos after glutaraldehyde fixation. Microtubules are a prominent feature of neural epithelial cells in the early neural tube (33–40-hour embryos) and in 2- and 3-day embryos. In these cells they are especially conspicuous in the narrow apical ends. Early neuroblasts have both microtubules (neurotubules) and fine filaments. In 2-day embryos, some cells, which may be early neuroblasts forming or about to form axons, have areas of fine filaments and a few microtubules in the basal cytoplasm. As the neuroblasts begin to form processes, microtubules (neurotubules) and fine filaments are seen in the axon and a few microtubules are scattered in the perikaryon. In slightly more advanced neuroblasts (3-day embryos), neurotubules are scattered among other organelles in the cell body and are prominent features of the axon, which sometimes contains neurofilaments also. Motor neuroblasts of 7-day embryos have neurotubules in the perikaryon, dendrites, and axon. The epithelial microtubules and the microtubules of the neuroblasts are similar in appearance to the spindle fibers of the mitotic cells in the neural tube of these embryos. Possible roles of these structures in the differentiating neuroblast are discussed.
Production flow analysis using STORM

Abstract Production Flow Analysis (PFA) is a systematic manual method for cell formation and layout design. However, even after nearly thirty years since its appearance in the literature, there is no commercially available computer software for it. This is surprising, especially when there is at least one analytical method available in the literature that would solve each phase as accurately as would a human analyst. This chapter demonstrates a step-by-step implementation of the first three phases in PFA (Factory Flow Analysis, Group Analysis and Line Analysis) using standard algorithms available in the STORM package. A sample data set from the literature was used for illustrative purposes. Data collection sheets, analysis sheets and typical results expected from each step are presented. Companies interested in implementing cells will find that these analytical methods effectively complement their manual analyses.
Eight Year Latency to Diagnosis in an Adolescent with Bilateral Basal Ganglia Germinomas Mimicking a Neurodegenerative Condition (P4.332)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with bilateral basal ganglia germinomas who was diagnosed following a slow evolution of neuropsychiatric symptoms over 8 years. BACKGROUND: Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCT) constitute 3% of all primary pediatric brain neoplasms in the U.S., with higher prevalence in Asia. A rare subgroup of patients develops bilateral basal ganglia tumors. The clinical course of GCTs may be insidious, resulting in a delay of many months to diagnosis. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: A 17-year-old boy presented with a history of progressive, medication-resistant psychiatric and then neurological symptoms. At age 8, he was diagnosed with tics and ADHD, and soon after developed behavioral outbursts. From 11, he had audiovisual hallucinations and suicide attempts, and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. He developed dystonia at age 13. Motor symptoms progressed over the next 3 years, and at 16 he had severe dystonia, spasticity, hemiparesis, horizontal gaze paresis, and dysarthria. His first brain MRI at age 13 was reported to be normal. Multiple MRIs between ages 15 and 17 demonstrated stable, bilateral basal ganglia lesions characterized by symmetrical susceptibility artifact and T2 hyperintensity in the globus pallidus with minimal enhancement. A genetic or metabolic neurodegenerative disorder was suspected, but extensive investigations were negative. Brain MRI at 17 revealed changes in the lesions, including more prominent enhancement and mass effect. A stereotactic biopsy confirmed pure germinoma with negative AFP and beta-hCG tumor marker secretion in CSF. The germinoma was treated with radiation and chemotherapy, but he had significant residual neurological impairment. CONCLUSIONS: In any patient with slowly progressive psychiatric and neurological symptoms and nonspecific basal ganglia lesions on neuroimaging, germinoma should be considered within the differential diagnosis since it is treatable, and early diagnosis likely improves long-term outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Nordvig has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dallara has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mandel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pearson has nothing to disclose.
Paradosiaká: Music, Meaning and Identity in Modern Greece

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Eleni Kallimopoulou Year: 2009 Pages: 264 Publisher: Ashgate Publishing ISBN: 978-0-7546-6630-1 (hard cover). Prices: $114.95 USD(hard cover).
Randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effect of verapamil on exercise hemodynamics in coronary artery disease

Abstract At cardiac catheterization, 16 patients with coronary artery disease (14 men and 2 women) were allocated by a random, double-blind method to intervention with placebo (saline solution) or verapamil (0.2 mg/kg total by bolus and by 10-minute infusion). In all patients, resting and exercise (3 minutes with a bicycle at 150 kg-m/min) hemodynamic values were obtained during a control period and after intervention. Subsequent left ventriculography and coronary arteriography revealed a mean ejection fraction of 52 and 53% and the mean number of diseased vessels (3-vessel scale) of 2.1 and 1.5 in the placebo and verapamil groups, respectively. In both groups of patients, exercise induced significant increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiac index. Verapamil increased the heart rate and decreased the mean arterial pressure at rest and the arterial pressure during exercise. It did not affect exercise-induced increases in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure or cardiac index. These results support a role for peripheral mechanisms mediating the antianginal effects of verapamil.
Growth of thin Ti films on Al single-crystal surfaces at room temperature

The growth of thin Ti films on Al(001), Al(110) and Al(111) surfaces at room temperature has been studied using high-energy Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and channeling, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Our results show that Ti atoms form a thin, metastable, fcc overlayer on Al(110) and Al(001) surfaces. The primary evidence for this conclusion is the reduced backscattering that occurs as the Ti atoms shadow the Al atoms in the fcc structure of the Al substrate. For the Al(111) surface the Al surface peak area in ion channeling, measured as a function of Ti coverage, shows a small decrease for the first monolayer (ML) of Ti coverage but then increases gradually with coverage, a characteristic of alloy formation. However, XPS and low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) results are generally consistent with overlayer growth of Ti on the Al(111) surface, and the LEED pattern indicates an ordered overlayer for Ti coverages from 2 to 12 ML, at which point the Al surface was completely covered by Ti. The results suggest the growth of incommensurate, ordered islands of hep Ti on Al(111) in a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode, in remarkable contrast to the pseudomorphic fcc Ti overlayer growth observed for Ti films on Al(001) and Al(110).
Blunted humoral response to influenza vaccination in patients exposed to zidovudine plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Study Objectives. To determine as proof of principle the effect of combination exposure to zidovudine plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) on humoral immune responses to influenza vaccination in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design. Prospective, open-label trial. Setting. University-affiliated infectious diseases outpatient clinic. Patients. Twenty-three HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy, with CD4+ cell counts greater than 350 cells/mm3 and undetectable viral loads. Intervention. Patients were assigned to one of four treatment groups: zidovudine (6 patients), TMP-SMX (7), zidovudine plus TMP-SMX (5), or neither drug (5); TMP-SMX was given as a 28-day course. Patients were subsequently immunized with the yearly influenza vaccine, and humoral responses were compared among groups 20–24 days after vaccination. Measurements and Main Results. Antibody responses to influenza A and B were measured, and total and activated T and B cell percentages in the peripheral blood were determined. Mean influenza B—specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers were significantly lower in patients receiving TMP-SMX alone (0.98 ± 0.60 reference value, p=0.010) or the combination of zidovudine plus TMP-SMX (0.73 ± 0.29 reference value, p=0.003) compared with those receiving neither drug (1.95 ± 0.38 reference value). This corresponded to a significantly lower percentage of patients in the combination group that achieved immunoprotective titers to influenza B compared with the group who received neither drug (control group; 20% vs 100%, p=0.048). In addition, the relationship between serum IgG titer and CD4+ cell count was statistically significantly different for patients exposed to zidovudine plus TMP-SMX versus control patients for both influenza A and B (F statistics 8.72 and 11.70, respectively, compared with critical F value 7.26 for p<0.025). Likewise, the relationship between influenza B serum IgG and CD4+ cell count was different among patients who received TMP-SMX versus those who did not receive TMP-SMX (F statistic 5.95 compared with critical F value 4.56 for p<0.025). No significant differences were observed among T and B cell percentages in the blood. Conclusion. Combination exposure to zidovudine plus TMP-SMX causes a clinically significant suppression of humoral immune responses to influenza vaccination in HIV-infected patients.
Using a spin torque nano-oscillator to read memory based on the magnetic permeability

We present an archival memory utilizing a spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) to read bits of data with different magnetic permeability. Basing a magnetic memory on this intrinsic property rather than remanent magnetization reduces the risk of data corruption. The permeability of the bits is read as changes in an applied probe field near the media. These changes in the probe field are measured by detecting microwave frequency shifts in STNOs. The probe field can be tuned over hundreds of Oe to optimize the reading of the media. Using a 400 Oe probe field, we have measured 2% frequency shifts in a STNO near micrometre-sized bits of (1) lithographically-patterned permalloy lines and (2) laser-crystallized Metglas lines. Data from either media was not corrupted by exposure to fields of 6400 Oe and temperatures of 523 K.
On decompositions of complete hypergraphs

We study the minimum number of complete r-partite r-uniform hypergraphs needed to partition the edges of the complete r-uniform hypergraph on n vertices and we improve previous results of Alon.
Smearing method in the quark model

We propose that perturbation theory in a gauge field theory of quarks and gluons can be used to calculate physical mass-shell processes, provided that both the data and the theory are smeared over a suitable energy range. This procedure is explored in detail for the process of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons. We show that a smearing range of 3 Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ in the squared center-of-mass energy should be adequate to allow the use of lowest-order perturbation theory. The smeared data are compared with theory for a variety of models. It appears to be difficult to fit the present data with theory, unless there is a new charged lepton or quark with mass in the region 2 to 3 GeV.
Impact of H216 on the DNA Binding and Catalytic Activities of the HIV Restriction Factor APOBEC3G

APOBEC3G has an important role in human defense against retroviral pathogens, including HIV-1. Its single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase activity, located in its C-terminal domain (A3Gctd), can mutate viral cDNA and restrict infectivity. We used time-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine kinetic parameters of A3Gctd's deamination reactions within a 5'-CCC hot spot sequence. A3Gctd exhibited a 45-fold preference for 5'-CCC substrate over 5'-CCU substrate, which explains why A3G displays almost no processivity within a 5'-CCC motif. In addition, A3Gctd's shortest substrate sequence was found to be a pentanucleotide containing 5'-CCC flanked on both sides by a single nucleotide. A3Gctd as well as full-length A3G showed peak deamination velocities at pH 5.5. We found that H216 is responsible for this pH dependence, suggesting that protonation of H216 could play a key role in substrate binding. Protonation of H216 appeared important for HIV-1 restriction activity as well, since substitutions of H216 resulted in lower restriction in vivo.
Order in Biomolecular Assemblies using a Combination of Polarized Evanescent-Wave Spectroscopies

We describe a rigorous methodology to extract order information of biomolecular assemblies on solid supports using a combination of two polarized evanescent-wave spectroscopies: total internal reflection fluorescence and attenuated total reflection absorbance.
Silicon micromachined integrated suspension systems for magnetic disk drives

Abstract This paper presents results related to the design, fabrication and static/dynamic testing of a silicon micromachined integrated suspension system. This novel magnetic read/write head suspension with its built-in electrodes has been developed especially for automated assembly with miniaturized slider bearings. The one-piece construction silicon microgimbal and the polyimide-reinforced silicon load-beam are designed to have minimum profile, maximum pitch and roll compliances, maximum in-plane stiffness and maximum shock resistance, all of which are important operational requirements for the emerging small-form-factor magnetic recording rigid disk drive market.
Computed tomography evaluation of colorectal carcinoma

Knowledge of the extent of primary colorectal carcinoma at initial diagnosis is critical for proper management of disease. Currently, CT does not have a role in screening for colorectal carcinoma, though promising work on virtual colonoscopy is on the horizon. In patients with proven colorectal carcinoma, accurate prospective noninvasive assessment can identify those who may benefit from preoperative local radiotherapy, hepatic resection or cryoablation, or intra-arterial chemotherapy. CT should be considered complementary to the clinical assessment of colorectal carcinoma and to other modalities, such as barium enema, endorectal ultrasonography, MRI, and immunoscintigraphy. Although limited in evaluation of the primary tumor and local spread, CT has proven useful in assessing patients thought to harbor extensive local or metastatic disease. CT is generally the modality of choice for imaging the postoperative patient. The cross-sectional display of CT clearly depicts the operative bed, particularly after abdominoperineal resection. Baseline examinations should be obtained 2 to 4 months after surgery, with follow-up examinations every 6 to 9 months for 2 years, and yearly studies thereafter. CT-guided biopsies should be performed when findings suggest recurrent carcinoma.
Comparison of ampicillin/sulbactam versus clindamycin in the prevention of infection in patients undergoing head and neck surgery

Background Patients requiring major oncologic head and neck surgery are at high risk for postoperative wound infection when the surgical site is contaminated by secretions from the upper aerodigestive tract. Studies to identify agents active in the prevention of postoperative wound infection may serve to reduce patient morbidity. Methods Patients scheduled for a major contaminated head and neck surgical procedure were randomly assigned to receive either ampicillin/sulbactam or clindamycin. Medication was administered 1 to 2 hours prior to surgery and every 6 hours, for a total of five doses. Postoperatively, patients were followed daily for the development of wound infection or other septic complication. Results A total of 242 patients were enrolled in the study 119 received ampicillin/sulbactam, and 123 received clindamycin. A total of 169 patients were considered evaluable. Of the evaluable patients, 14% in each group developed a postoperative wound infection. There were no statistically significant differences between the number of days to onset of wound infection, nor was there a statistically significant difference in the rate of non-wound infections in the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the intent to treat group and the evaluable group of patients. Conclusion It is concluded that ampicillin/sulbactam is as safe and effective as clindamycin in preventing postoperative wound infection following major head and neck surgery. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck19: 367–371, 1997.
Envisioning a renewable electricity future for the United States

Abstract This paper presents high renewable electricity penetration scenarios in the United States using detailed capacity expansion modeling that is designed to properly account for the variability and uncertainty of wind and solar resources. The scenarios focus solely on the electricity system, an important sector within the larger energy sector, and demonstrate long-term visions of a U.S. power system where renewable technologies, including biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar, and wind, contribute 80% of 2050 annual electricity, including 49–55% from wind and solar photovoltaic generation. We present the integration challenges of achieving this high penetration and characterize the options to increase grid flexibility to manage variability. Four high renewable pathways are modeled and demonstrate the robustness and diversity of renewable options. We estimate 69–82% annual greenhouse gas emission reductions and 3%–30% incremental electricity price increases associated with reaching 80%-by-2050 renewable electricity relative to reference scenarios. This paper affirms and strengthens similar analysis from the Renewable Electricity Futures study by using an improved model and updated data to better reflect investment and dispatch decisions under current outlooks for the U.S. electricity sector.
The effect of copper slag on the hydration and mechanical properties of cementitious mixtures

The effect of copper slag on the hydration of cement-based materials is studied. Up to 15% by weight of copper slag was used as a portland cement replacement. Hydration reactions were studied through semiquantitative X-ray diffraction and TGA/DTA. Samples of copper slag and hydrated lime (ASTM type S) were used to test the pozzolanic properties of the slag. The porosity was examined using mercury intrusion porosimetry. A decrease in capillary porosity was observed while the gel porosity was increased. A significant increase in the compressive strength for up to 1 year is observed.
Interaction of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) with isolated sheep hepatocytes. I. Binding and degradation of IGF-I.

Abstract The binding and degradation of 125 I-hIGF-I by isolated sheep hepatocytes have been examined. Hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion of 32–55 kg wether lambs and were incubated at 20 or 37C at pH 7.4 in a 95% O 2 /5% CO 2 atmosphere. Maximal binding was obtained at 60 min and declined slightly over the following 60-min period at both 20 and 37C. Degradation of 125 I-hIGF-I by the hepatocytes was minimal with 10–12% degradation over a 120-min period at 37C. The lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine (0.2 mM), leupeptin and ammonium chloride had no significant effects on 125 I-hIGF-I degradation or binding. At 20C (60-min incubation), half maximal inhibition of 125 I-hIGF-I binding was obtained with 8.4 ± 1.1 nM hIGF-II, 16 ± 2.4 nM hIGF-I, 36 ± 6.2 nM oIGF-II, and 60 ± 5.9 nM oIGF-I. Ovine insulin (0.01–10 uM) had no effect on 125 I-hIGF-I binding. These observations suggest that IGF-I binds to the type II IGF receptor. The low molecular weight sheep serum IGF binding protein inhibited binding of 125 I-hIGF-I to hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner with half maximal inhibition occurring at 16.5 μg/ml, but did not affect IGF-I degradation. The current studies show that IGF-I interacts with ruminant hepatocytes via type II IGF receptors. The liver is not a major site of IGF-I degradation and the observed degradation is nonlysosomal and independent of receptor interaction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesostructured Materials

Abstract Catalysis and heterogeneous catalysts are essential to our present technology for the production and consumption of fuels, the manufacture and processing of chemical feedstocks and plastics [1,2]. It had been estimated that the introduction of this technology has permitted savings of more than 400 million barrels of oil each year [l]. Today, worldwide catalysts sales exceed $5.9 billion per year, and it has been estimated that catalysts generate fuels and chemicals worth $2.4 trillion annually, equivalent to half the U.S. Gross National Product [1,2].
Motherhood and graduate education: 1970-2000.

This study examines issues related to the fertility of graduate students over time. First, it examines changes in motherhood rates between 1970 and 2000 among women aged 20–49 who are enrolled in graduate school, both by themselves and relative to prevailing trends among women not enrolled in graduate school, and to other college educated women. Overall, women enrolled in graduate school are increasingly likely to be mothers of young children, and are increasingly similar to non-graduate students. Second, it examines the timing of these births, and finds that almost half of births occur while women are enrolled in graduate school. Third, a brief review of current maternity leave policies and childcare options available to graduate students is presented. Results are discussed in terms of institutional changes within academia, changes between cohorts that attended graduate school in these decades, and the policy needs of graduate student mothers.
One, Two, Three Steps Toward Cell Therapy for Stroke

Many clinical trials have failed, despite positive laboratory findings. Stroke clinical trials are no exception, with tissue-type plasminogen activator still the only effective drug for stroke with limited therapeutic window. To enhance the successful outcome of novel therapies in the clinic, initiatives for translational research guidelines have been pursued. In particular, the advancement of stem cell therapy for stroke from the laboratory to the clinic has now been guided by a set of recommendations called Stem Cell Therapeutics as an Emerging Paradigm for Stroke (STEPS). We review here the major criteria for preclinical studies of stem cells arising from the 3 STEPS meetings in an effort to emphasize the need for careful and rigorous assessment of the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action associated with stem cell therapy for stroke further. Learning from our previous mistakes and identifying gaps in knowledge will likely prevent stem cell therapy from becoming yet another statistic of failed clinical trial in stroke. Stroke remains a significant unmet clinical need. Despite knowledge of its pathology, treatment currently is limited to only 1 Food and Drug Administration–approved drug, tissue-type plasminogen activator, with a therapeutic window of only ≤4.5 hours after stroke onset.1–5 This therapy is effective for few stroke victims because of this narrow window and with serious adverse effects (ie, hemorrhagic bleeding) when tissue-type plasminogen activator is administered beyond this time frame.5–7 As a result, stroke remains a major cause of disability and death, imposing the need for novel treatments. In laboratory studies, stem cell therapy has proven to be a potential method of regenerating the injured brain beyond the acute phase of stroke.2,8–11 Laboratory studies and limited clinical trials have shown stem cell transplantation to be a safe and effective therapy for stroke. …
Personal Intervention Preferences for Alleviating Mild Depression

The findings of a study to identify personal preferences for alleviating mild depression are presented. Preferences were classified into four treatment modalities: affective, behavioral, cognitive, and eclectic. The affective category received significantly more preferences than did the other three. Preferences were found to be related to sex and occupational level, but not to age.
Primary Care Availability and Emergency Department Use by Older Adults: A Population-Based Analysis

Objectives: To assess the relationship between the number of primary care providers (PCPs) in an area and emergency department (ED) visits by older adults. Design: Population-based cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Nonfederal EDs in North Carolina in 2010. Participants: All older adults (n = 640,086) presenting to a nonfederal ED in North Carolina in 2010. Measurements: The primary outcome was the number of ED visits by older adults in each ZIP code per 100 adults aged 65 and older living in that ZIP code. A secondary outcome was the number of ED visits not resulting in hospital admission per 100 older adults. The primary predictor variable was the number of PCPs per 100 older residents for each ZIP code. Covariates included those representing healthcare need (Medicare hospitalizations, nursing home beds), predisposing factors for healthcare use (race, education, population density of older adults), and enabling factors (distance to the nearest ED). Results: In a multivariable regression model corrected for spatial clustering, ZIP code characteristics associated with ED visits included more hospitalizations by Medicare beneficiaries, more nursing home beds, and closer proximity to an ED. Number of PCPs per 100 older adult residents in each ZIP code was not associated with ED use, and the 95% confidence limit indicates at most a small effect of PCP availability on ED use. Conclusion: These findings suggest that primary care availability has at most a limited effect on ED use by older adults in North Carolina.