cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relative Contributions of Matrix and Myocytes to Biaxial Mechanics of the Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) commonly leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and fibrosis that affect the mechanical properties of the RV myocardium. To investigate the effects of PAH on the mechanics of the RV myocardium and extracellular matrix, we compared RV wall samples, isolated from rats in which PAH was induced using the SuHx protocol, with samples from control animals before and after the tissues were decellularized. Planar biaxial mechanical testing, a technique first adapted to living soft biological tissues by Y-C Fung, was performed on intact and decellularized samples. Y-C Fung's anisotropic exponential strain energy function fitted the full range of biaxial test results with high fidelity in control and PAH samples both before and after they were decellularized. Mean RV myocardial apex-to-outflow tract and circumferential stresses during equibiaxial strain were significantly greater in PAH than control samples. Mean RV ECM circumferential but not apex-to-outflow tract stresses during equibiaxial strain were significantly greater in the PAH than control group. The ratio of ECM to myocardial stresses at matched strains did not change significantly between groups. Circumferential stresses were significantly higher than apex-to-outflow tract stresses for all groups. These findings confirm the predictions of a mathematical model based on changes in RV hemodynamics and morphology in rat PAH, and may provide a foundation for a new constitutive analysis of the contributions of extracellular matrix remodeling to changes in RV filling properties during PAH.
Two decades of little change: An analysis of U.S. medical school basic science faculty by sex, race/ethnicity, and academic rank

To examine changes in U.S. medical school basic science faculty over the last 20 years (1998-2018), we undertook an observational study utilizing data from the American Association of Medical Colleges Faculty Roster. Rank (Instructor, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor), sex (Female), and race/ethnicity (Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic, Latino, Spanish Origin, or Multiple Race-Hispanic, and White) were analyzed; this reflected a population of 14,047 (1998) to 18,601 (2018) faculty. Summary percent of faculty in various gender, race/ethnicity origin categories were analyzed across years of the study using regression models. We found that females (24.47% to 35.32%) were underrepresented at all timepoints and a minority of faculty identified as Black or African American (1.57% to 1.99%), Hispanic, Latino, Spanish Origin, or Multiple Race-Hispanic (3.03% to 4.44%), or Asian (10.90% to 20.41%). The largest population at all time points was White Male Professors (30.53% to 20.85%), followed by White Male Associate Professors (15.67% to 9.34%), and White Male Assistant Professors (13.22% to 9.75%). Small statistically significant increases were observed among female faculty and faculty at multiple ranks who identified as Black or African American or Hispanic, Latino, Spanish Origin, or Multiple Race-Hispanic. We then completed secondary analyses looking at the interaction of race/ethnicity and Gender. We found: (1) a significant increase (p<0.0001) in both genders who identify as Asian although males had a higher rate of increase (6 point difference, p<0.0001); (2) a significant increase for Black or African American females (P<0.01) not found among males; (3) significant increases (p<0.0001) among both genders of faculty who identify as Hispanic, Latino, Spanish Origin, or Multiple Race-Hispanic although females had an approximately 1% higher rate of increase; and (4) among faculty who identify as White, males had a significant decrease (p<0.0001) while females demonstrated an increase (p<0.0001).
Clinical Characteristics Associated With Stuttering Persistence: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this meta-analytic study was to identify clinical characteristics, defined as child factors that can be assessed by a speech-language pathologist as part of a routine speech-language evaluation that may differentiate children who persist in stuttering from children who eventually recover from stuttering. Clinical characteristics explored included sex, age at onset, family history of stuttering, stuttering frequency and severity, speech-language skills, and temperament. Method Studies were identified through electronic databases, journals, and reference lists of relevant reports (e.g., research articles). Eligible studies followed young children who stutter (i.e., under 6 years old) for at least 24 months, assessed a potential clinical marker at study entry, and determined talker group classification (i.e., persistent or recovered) at study completion. Sex and family history differences were estimated using risk ratios; all other differences were estimated using Hedges's g. Heterogeneity and methodological differences among studies were evaluated. Results Eleven studies (41 reports) met eligibility criteria. Persistent children were older at stuttering onset and exhibited higher frequencies of stuttering-like disfluencies, lower speech sound accuracy, and lower expressive and receptive language skills than recovered children. Males and children with a family history of stuttering were also more likely to persist. Conclusions Clinical characteristics were identified that are associated with increased risk for stuttering persistence. Future studies have the potential to translate these clinical characteristics into prognostic markers for stuttering persistence risk.
Uncertainty Analysis of Self-healed Composites with Machine Learning as Part of DDDAS.

This research integrates deep artificial neural network (ANN) with the analytical solution for the stresses during the delamination of a thermoset composite double cantilever beam to carry out uncertainty analysis. Currently, micro-fiber composite (MFC) piezo patches act as sensors and actuators in the self-healing system. The same MFCs sense the initiation of the damage (delamination) during the dynamic loadings (operation) and initiate the healing process in the composite by high-frequency vibrations. During the healing, the thermoplastic healing materials (Polycaprolactone and shape memory polymer) close the gap between fracture surfaces and bond the surfaces together. Composites’ failure is a complex phenomenon due to material non-homogeneity at micro-scales. Due to uncertainties, the damage parameters like critical stresses, the critical load which initiates the damage, and damage zone length remain uncertain. Deep ANN coupled with an analytical model will efficiently, and in real time, be able to quantify the uncertainties in critical load as well as damage zone length. For uncertainty propagation, material properties, as well as traction separation law parameters, are assumed to be uncorrelated Gaussian distributed random variables. The same deep ANN will be used to carry out parameter identification (i.e., traction separation law) in the future. Hence, the material law, damage prediction, and healing form a dynamic feedback loop, which, along with uncertainty quantification, constitutes a robust dynamic-data-driven system.
Leadership's role in curriculum revision

Abstract Often times, faculty are hesitant to make curricular revisions due to the many obstacles they may encounter. Varying levels of faculty expertise can also play a role in curriculum revision; seasoned faculty can fear change or believe change is not necessary and novice faculty are not equipped to be fully participatory in the process. It takes an effective leader to recognize the challenges, address the faculty, and have open, transparent communication throughout the process to ensure curriculum is kept current to reflect best practices.
Highly Conductive and Scalable Ti3C2Tx-Coated Fabrics for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Abstract As an increasing number of wireless devices are introduced to our daily lives, long-term environmentally stable conductive fabrics that can shield against electromagnetic radiation are increasingly desired. Herein, conventional cotton and linen fabrics were dip-coated in additive-free, aqueous Ti3C2Tx MXene dyes, which consist of only two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx flakes dispersed in water, to fabricate highly conductive fabrics for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Ti3C2Tx loading and electrical conductivity of the fabrics increased with the number of dip-coating cycles. After only 4 dip-coating cycles, EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of Ti3C2Tx-coated (
The contribution of microbiota, cerebral blood flow, and sleep deprivation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia and the progressive deterioration of memory impairment, cognitive deficit, and personality changes. These symptoms are caused by substantial synaptic and neuronal loss in specific brain areas (neocortex, hippocampus, and other subcortical regions). Due to limitations of the beta amyloid hypothesis of AD, investigators attempt to explain the pathogenesis of AD on the basis of long-term consumption of a Western diet, impaired microbiome, decrease in cerebral blood flow, and sleep deprivation.
A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis on Impact of Timing of RVAD on 1-Year Mortality

Purpose Early insertion of an RVAD may help to mitigate post-LVAD implantation morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that concomitant RVAD insertion at time of LVAD implantation improves 1-year mortality in comparison to post-operative insertion. Methods A multi-center retrospective study of 826 consecutive patients who received either a HeartMate2 or HVAD between 1/2007 an 12/2017. We identified 91 patients who either had an unplanned or planned early RVAD on index admission. A Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to identify predictors of 1-year mortality. Results There were 91 patients (11%) who required an RVAD after LVAD implantation with 51 (56%) receiving a concomitant RVAD and 40 (43%) post-operatively (Table 1). Concomitant RVAD with LVAD insertion was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.45 [0.27, 0.76], p-value = 0.002, Figure 1). Our multivariable model (which included age, BMI, and ACE-i use) found receiving transplant (HR 0.04 [0.01, 0.29], p = 0.001) and concomitant RVAD (HR 0.51 [0.29, 0.90], p = 0.004) to be independent predictors of 1-year mortality with a final model C-statistic of 0.77. Stratifying concomitant RVAD by intended approach, planned versus unplanned RVAD insertion had a similar survival rate as unplanned approach at 1 year (42.8% versus 28.6%, p-value = 0.08). Conclusion We show in a continuous-flow and multi-institutional cohort that concomitant RVAD insertion at time of LVAD is associated with improved survival at 1 year compared to post-operative insertion.
Primary Mediastinal B Cell Lymphoma in the Positron-Emission Tomography Era Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria.

Purpose Primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a highly curable subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is diagnosed predominantly in adolescents and young adults. Consequently, long-term treatment-related morbidity is critical to consider when devising treatment strategies that include different chemoimmunotherapy strategies with or without radiation therapy. Furthermore, adaptive approaches using the end-of-chemotherapy (EOC) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanning may help to determine which patients may benefit from additional therapies. We aimed to develop evidence-based guidelines for treating these patients. Methods and Materials We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline using the PubMed database. The ARS expert committee, composed of radiation oncologists, hematologists, and pediatric oncologists, developed consensus guidelines using the modified Delphi framework. Results Nine studies met the full criteria for inclusion based on reporting outcomes on patients with primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma with EOC PET/CT response scored with the 5-point Deauville scale. These studies formed the evidence for these guidelines in managing patients with PMBCL according to the EOC PET response, including after a 5-point Deauville scale of 1 to 3, 4, or 5, and for patients with relapsed and refractory disease. The expert group also developed guidance on radiation simulation, treatment planning, and plan evaluation based on expert opinion. Conclusions Various treatment approaches exist in the management of PMBCL, including different chemoimmunotherapy regimens, the use of consolidative radiation therapy, and adaptive approaches based on EOC PET/CT response. These guidelines can be used by practitioners to provide appropriate treatment according to different disease scenarios.
Plantation Botany: Slavery and the Infrastructure of Government Science in the St. Vincent Botanic Garden, 1765-1820 s*.

This essay examines the aims, labor regime, and workers of the St. Vincent botanic garden to highlight differences in the infrastructure of government-funded botany across the British empire. It argues that slavery was a foundational element of society and natural history in the Anglo-Caribbean, and the St. Vincent botanic garden was both put into the service of slavery and transformed by it. When viewed from the Caribbean context and the perspective of enslaved workers, the St. Vincent garden's affiliation with imperial improvement becomes less salient than its support of the status quo of slavery as a system and labor regime. The garden was dependent on enslaved laborers, yet the conditions of work and contemporary prejudices led superintendents to see them as undifferentiated labor. The politics of the archive make it impossible for historians to reconstruct the experiences of the garden's enslaved workers as individuals, including the specific labor that they performed or skills that they possessed. Plantation slavery's appropriation of and influence on the infrastructure of colonial botany through the St. Vincent botanic garden suggests that historians should center the local logics of the societies where scientific knowledge making took place to reveal the many meanings of science.
Depression, Not Fatigue, Predicts Quality of Life After Stroke. (P6.019)

OBJECTIVE: In a minority urban population of stroke survivors, to (1) assess frequency of fatigue and (2) explore the relationship between fatigue and depression and their effect on quality of life (QOL). BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a common cause of long-term morbidity and increased mortality in stroke survivors. Post-stroke depression is often associated with fatigue, making it difficult to differentiate between them as independent conditions. DESIGN/METHODS: Prospective, pilot, cross-sectional observational study approved by the Institutional Review Board. Patients with ischemic stroke within the past 3 years and no history of depression were included. Standardized instruments were administered to assess fatigue [Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS)], depression [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)], QOL [Short-Form General (36) Health Survey (SF-36)] and stroke-related disability [modified Rankin Scale (mRS)]. A multiple linear regression model was constructed for the SF-36 score. FAS, BDI, and mRS scores were dichotomized, adjusted for age, gender, and diabetes. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were enrolled (56[percnt] female), mean age 69.9 years ± 13.7; median of 13 days (range 3-960) post-stroke; 50[percnt] with mRS 蠅2; 44[percnt] with FAS 蠅22; 28[percnt] with BDI 蠅11; 22[percnt] with both FAS 蠅22 and BDI 蠅11. The cohort’s mean SF-36 score =44.4 ± 8.3. BDI <11 was associated with a score 8.3 units higher on the SF-36 (95[percnt]CI:3.0-13.5, p=0.003) than BDI<11; mRS <2 was associated with 6.1 units higher score on the SF-36 (95[percnt]CI:2.3-9.9, p=0.003) than mRS 蠅2. FAS <22 was not associated with QOL (p=0.35). In the final model, only depression, higher stroke severity, and diabetes predicted lower QOL. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest depression better predicts health-related QOL in stroke survivors than fatigue. Understanding the relative role of fatigue and depression on QOL of stroke survivors and their interactions with comorbidities can facilitate tailored interventions to improve stroke outcomes. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings. Disclosure: Dr. Milone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balucani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stefanov has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levine has received personal compensation for activities with NCME and as a medical legal consultant. Dr. Levine has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Medlink, and for editing a book on TIAs.
Commentary to Chapter 7

Mary B. Mahowald has rightly chosen to tackle one of the most difficult aspects of the abortion controversy, namely, the relation between abortion and equality. In this controversy, both sides invoke the egalitarian imprimatur: prolifers, who stress the equal value of human life at every stage of development from womb to tomb, and abortion rights advocates, who see abortion as one of many planks in a platform designed to realize sexual equality and human equality. How is it that the same concept of equality can be used to justify diametrically opposite views?
Variability, Coordination, Information Structure, and the Logic of Firms and Markets

We shall use now the concepts and tools developed in chapter 3 to analyze how the variability conditions, the coordination requirements, and the information structure interact to create the need for the emergence of firms to carry out the production of products composed of several elementary parts.
Work in progress-crossing the bridge: an engineering preliminary program

In Chile the transition from high school level to university is characterized as a process full of challenges and difficulties. Good secondary level students fail in their initial assessments and grades, suffering traumatic consequences that severely damage their self esteem. During 2003 academic terms Santa Maria Technical University (UTFSM) at Valparaiso, Chile, offered a pilot program to good last level high school students who had previously to be recommended by their corresponding math or physics teacher. They could attend first year engineering courses such as math and introduction to engineering (Module I) or physics and introduction to engineering (Module II). Afterwards, if they succeeded in these courses and if they decided to enter UTFSM through the Chilean SAT, those subjects could automatically be validated.
Measles vaccine in egg-allergic children.

The question of allergy to eggs or chickens as a true contraindication to measles vaccination has recently been discussed.1,2 We would like to comment further on the issues involved. Package inserts of vaccines have traditionally listed as contraindications allergies to the animal or egg whose cells have been used for propagating the virus in question. Measles vaccine in use now is produced in chick fibroblast cultures.3 This tissue differs from the egg cells that were used to grow viruses for some older vaccines and that are still used for influenza, yellow fever, and rabies vaccines.
Fractures of the tibia involving the knee joint

Abstract Eliason and Ebeling, 12 Cotton and Berg, 2 Swett, 8 and Forrester 10,11 have strongly advocated non-operative treatment, but everyone will agree that a good anatomic restoration of the knee is of prime importance as long as this can be accomplished without undue trauma to the structures. A closed reduction is always attempted in the first instance. If this should not prove effective, an open operation is carried out through a window in the cast. Since we have adopted this method of treatment for condylar fractures of the tibia, the results have been most gratifying. This approach allows the maximum of correction of the deformity and the maintenance of this correction without the use of metal pins and screws. The subject matter in this article has dealt largely with fractures of the external condyle of the tibia, but similar principles can be applied to repair the internal condyle. Three cases of our series are presented to show the end results, one from group 2 (Figs. 2 and 3) and one from group 3 (Fig. 4). When the fracture involves both condyles, the use of the plaster cast by the method described is obviously not applicable and in these cases, correction is obtained by means of traction and lateral pressure (Fig. 5). I feel confident that many of the writers who have expressed pessimistic opinions as to operative results will find this procedure helpful in dealing with those fractures of the condyles which seem to require more correction than can be obtained by closed reduction alone.
The Binding of Cytochrome b5 to Liver Microsomes

Abstract The 40–44 hydrophobic peptide segment, present in cytochrome b5 obtained by nonhydrolytic means, but absent from lipase or trypsin-extracted cytochrome b5, has been found to be required for the binding of a 10- to 20-fold molar excess of cytochrome b5 to liver microsomes. At saturation, the bound cytochrome b5 constitutes nearly 20% of the total protein of the vesicle preparations. This extra bound hemoprotein is indistinguishable from endogenous cytochrome b5 as an electron acceptor from microsomal NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and as an electron donor for external cytochrome c or the rat liver microsomal stearyl coenzyme A desaturase. On the basis of earlier work of others and present data, it appears that these enzymes are localized on the outside of microsomal vesicles. A model, consistent with these data, proposes that the extra, as well as endogenous cytochrome b5, is bound to microsomes by interactions between the nonpolar peptide segment and the phospholipid of the membrane. This permits interactions of the polar catalytic heme binding segment at the surface of the outer membrane with either reductase, cytochrome c, or the desaturase system. The latter catalytic events require only the translational movement of the nonpolar portion of the protein in the lipid membrane of several molecular diameters.
Featured Review: Gerhardt, Michael J. The Forgotten Presidents: Their Untold Constitutional Legacy.

Employing laws, court cases, presidential communication, and secondary sources, Professor Michael J. Gerhardt of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Law School continues his research on...
Quadratic forms in complex normal varieties: basic results

In questo articolo si studia la forma quadratica per le variabili normali complesse. Gli argomenti considerati sono la distribuzione della forma quadratica in termin i di sviluppo in serie , le condizioni necessarie affinche la forma quadratica segua la distribuzione del chi-quadro e la indipendenza delle forme quadratiche.
Experimental study of pure oscillatory flows in open tubes, closed tubes, and tubes terminating in a cavity

Pure oscillatory flows in tubes subject to different boundary conditions were studied experimentally. Velocity and pressure and the position of the diaphragm driving the flow were measured using a hot film anemometer, pressure transducer, and a linear displacement potentiometer. Three boundary conditions were considered: open tube, closed tube, and tube terminating in a cavity. The measurements exhibit the presence of complex flow phenomenon such as steady streaming, recirculation, wave reflection, and strong shear layers in these flows.
Zinc undecylenate catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone monomers.

The ring-opening polymerization of two caprolactone monomers catalyzed by zinc undecylenate (ZU) is reported. Polymerizations were performed in bulk with benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator at 90 and 110 °C, respectively. A slower polymerization rate was observed for γ-octyloxy-e-caprolactone as compared to e-caprolactone. Diblock copolymers were synthesized by the sequential monomer addition at 90 and 110 °C. The kinetic studies performed for the ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone and γ-octyloxy-e-caprolactone and the successful synthesis of diblock copolymers by the sequential monomer addition confirmed the controlled/living nature of zinc undecylenate catalyzed reactions.
Reaction to Three Races of Fusarium Wilt in the Phaseolus vulgaris Core Collection

Seven races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick and Snyder (Fop) cause Fusarium wilt (FW) disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). FW occurs worldwide and has recently become a serious disease in the central and western USA. The objectives of this research were to identify new sources of resistance to Fop, characterize the Central/South American (CA/SA) Phaseolus Core Collection for reaction to races 1,4, and 5 Fop and determine if a previously reported sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) molecular marker would be useful to identify resistance among accessions that make up the CA/SA Core Collection. Seedlings from the CA/SA Core Collection were screened for reaction by a root dip inoculation procedure. Among accessions evaluated for reaction to race 1 Fop, 21 were resistant, 47 intermediate, and 126 susceptible. Fifteen accessions were resistant to race 4, 61 intermediate, and 114 were susceptible. Nine accessions were resistant to both races 1 and 4, and five of the nine (PI 207373, PI 307802, PI 308908, PI 309877, PI 310842) were also resistant to race 5 Fop. All accessions resistant to races 1, 4, and 5 of Fop were characterized as Middle American, which suggests that resistance to multiple races of Fop should be more prevalent in germplasm from Middle America. The SCAR marker previously developed to identify a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with resistance to Fop was not associated with resistance in the Core Collection.
Shepherds, Merchants, and Credit: Some Observations on Lending Practices in Ur III Mesopotamia

The numerous surviving loan documents from the Ur III period illustrate the vital role that credit played in the early Mesopotamian economy. The availability of credit was critical at every level of society. In this article, the form and function of credit in the Ur III period are described, along with lending practices and the activities of individual creditors. Despite the overwhelming scale of the institutional economies, there was significant room for non-institutional households to pursue economic gains through money-lending. This entrepreneurial activity took place in an economy that was familiar with a sophisticated range of possible credit transactions. Les nombreux documents de pret qui survivent de l'epoque de la Troisieme Dynastie d'Ur illustrent le role essentiel que le credit joue dans l'economie mesopotamienne archaique. A chaque niveau de la societe disposer de credit etait d'une importance essentielle. Cette contribution decrit les forme et fonction du credit a la periode d'Ur III, les pratiques de pret et les activites des creanciers. En depit de la grande taille des economies institutionnelles, il existait un secteur important ou des maisons non-institutionelles pouvaient faire des gains en pretant a interet. Cette activite d'entrepreneur s'exercait dans une economie qui possedait une gamme sophistiquee de transactions de credit.
Coping with body image changes following a disfiguring burn injury.

The influence of emotion-focused coping on distress following disfiguring injury was examined. Two types of emotion-focused coping (i.e., venting emotions vs. mental disengagement) were assessed in 78 patients with burn injury at baseline during acute hospitalization. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) was assessed 1 week and 2 months following discharge. Use at baseline of both venting emotions and mental disengagement, compared with use of only one or neither of these coping methods, was associated at the 2-month postdischarge follow-up with significantly higher BID related to nonfacial aspects of appearance and with a greater negative social impact of disfigurement. D. M. Wegner's (1994) theoretical model of mental control and a proposed motivational analysis are used to interpret these findings.
Fluvial deposition during transition from flexural to dynamic subsidence in the Cordilleran foreland basin: Ericson Formation, Western Wyoming, USA

The Ericson Formation was deposited in the distal foredeep of the Cordilleran foreland basin during Campanian time. Isopach data show that it records early dynamic subsidence and the onset of basin partitioning by Laramide uplifts. The Ericson Formation is well exposed around the Rock Springs uplift, a Laramide structural dome in southwestern Wyoming; the formation is thin, regionally extensive, and does not display the wedge-shaped geometry typical of foredeep deposits. Sedimentation in this area was controlled both by activity in the thrust belt and by intraforeland tectonics. The Ericson Formation is ideally situated both spatially and temporally to study the transition from Sevier to Laramide (thin- to thick-skinned) deformation which corresponded to the shift from flexural to dynamic subsidence and the demise of the Cretaceous foreland basin system. We establish the depositional age of the Ericson Formation as ca. 74 Ma through detrital zircon U–Pb analysis. Palaeocurrent data show a generally southeastward transport direction, but northward indicators near Flaming Gorge Reservoir suggest that the intraforeland Uinta uplift was rising and shedding sediment northward by late Campanian time. Petrographic data and detrital zircon U–Pb ages indicate that Ericson sediment was derived from erosion of Proterozoic quartzites and Palaeozoic and Mesozoic quartzose sandstones in the Sevier thrust belt to the west. The new data place temporal and geographic constraints on attempts to produce geodynamic models linking flat-slab subduction of the oceanic Farallon plate to the onset of the Laramide orogenic event.
Fine-scale variation in meiotic recombination in Mimulus inferred from population shotgun sequencing

Meiotic recombination rates can vary widely across genomes, with hotspots of intense activity interspersed among cold regions. In yeast, hotspots tend to occur in promoter regions of genes, whereas in humans and mice, hotspots are largely defined by binding sites of the positive-regulatory domain zinc finger protein 9. To investigate the detailed recombination pattern in a flowering plant, we use shotgun resequencing of a wild population of the monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus to precisely locate over 400,000 boundaries of historic crossovers or gene conversion tracts. Their distribution defines some 13,000 hotspots of varying strengths, interspersed with cold regions of undetectably low recombination. Average recombination rates peak near starts of genes and fall off sharply, exhibiting polarity. Within genes, recombination tracts are more likely to terminate in exons than in introns. The general pattern is similar to that observed in yeast, as well as in positive-regulatory domain zinc finger protein 9–knockout mice, suggesting that recombination initiation described here in Mimulus may reflect ancient and conserved eukaryotic mechanisms.
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of oleic acid esters of polyethylene glycol 400

Quantitative esterification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 using oleic acid and Lipozyme was achieved in hexane. The effects of temperature, nature of acyl donor, substrate ratio, enzyme quantity and reaction time upon PEG esterification were examined. Nearly selective production of either PEG monooleate or PEG dioleate was achieved. Lipozyme was still 80% active after five reaction cycles.
Creation of theta-auroras : the isolation of plasma sheet fragments in the polar cap

The auroral oval is a ring of luminosity enclosing geomagnetic field lines connected to the solar wind. Occasionally the ring has a bar across it, which seems to imply a bifurcation of the open region. Here results confirm that this “θ-aurora” actually does represent this odd bifurcated configuration, and they demonstrate how it happens. It has hitherto been assumed that θ-auroras occur when the interplanetary magnetic field is directed northward, because that is true of most very-high-latitude arcs. In fact, θ-auroras occur exclusively during the dynamic reconfiguration that follows when the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward after a prolonged northward interval.
GPU-accelerated molecular visualization on petascale supercomputing platforms

Petascale supercomputers create new opportunities for the study of the structure and function of large biomolecular complexes such as viruses and photosynthetic organelles, permitting all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of tens to hundreds of millions of atoms. Together with simulation and analysis, visualization provides researchers with a powerful "computational microscope". Petascale molecular dynamics simulations produce tens to hundreds of terabytes of data that can be impractical to transfer to remote facilities, making it necessary to perform visualization and analysis tasks in-place on the supercomputer where the data are generated. We describe the adaptation of key visualization features of VMD, a widely used molecular visualization and analysis tool, for GPU-accelerated petascale computers. We discuss early experiences adapting ray tracing algorithms for GPUs, and compare rendering performance for recent petascale molecular simulation test cases on Cray XE6 (CPU-only) and XK7 (GPU-accelerated) compute nodes. Finally, we highlight opportunities for further algorithmic improvements and optimizations.
Streamline topologies for integrable vortex motion on a sphere

Abstract We describe the instantaneous streamline patterns that occur on the surface of a two-dimensional sphere in the presence of point vortices of general strength for cases in which the system is completely integrable. After stating some general results based on the spherical topology, we categorize all possible instantaneous streamline patterns and describe their stagnation point structure for the cases of two and three vortices. It is found that for the case of two vortices, the only non-degenerate topologies that can arise are a figure eight (lemniscate) or a limacon, which are homotopically equivalent. For the case of three vortices, there are 12 topologically distinct primitives, from which an additional 23 patterns can be produced via continuous deformations on the sphere (homotopies). All possible streamline patterns that arise from three vortex motion can be obtained via linear superposition of the primitive topologies and their homotopic equivalents. In this sense, the primitives can be viewed as the ‘building blocks’ for the general flow patterns. The equations of motion and streamline patterns in the stereographic plane are obtained using the projected equations of motion in Hamiltonian form. We describe streamline patterns for three vortex fixed equilibria and relative equilibria as seen in both a fixed and a rotating frame of reference. Non-equilibrium streamline patterns for a collapsing and special periodic solution are studied, although to generally understand and classify the many bifurcations associated with non-equilibrium patterns would require more extensive computation. We conclude with a discussion of the relevance of the three vortex topological classification scheme and the bifurcation of streamline topologies for understanding global atmospheric weather patterns (spherical isobars) and large scale mixing phenomena.
WE‐E‐BRB‐07: Quality Assurance of Proton Range Compensators by CT Scanning

Purpose: Patient specific range compensators (RCs) are required in passively scattered proton therapy. Conventionally, quality assurance (QA) of RC is performed by either a visual inspection or spot check of thicknesses for some drill points (e.g. 4). A more comprehensive QA of RCs is needed for precise delivery of proton beams. The purpose of this study was to develop a QA procedure by use of computed tomography(CT).Method and Materials: For the procedure, one or more range compensators would be scanned with a CT scanner. Software was developed to automatically segment the range compensator on CTimages and calculate the thickness matrix for the RC. The CT‐scanned RC thickness matrix was then compared to the expected one, which was reconstructed from the DICOM ION Radiotherapy Plan exported from a proton treatment planning system. The actual milling tool size and shape were taken into account when the RC was reconstructed. The scanned RC thickness matrix was automatically aligned to the planned RC matrix. In addition to comparing the physical thickness of the RC, we also verified the water equivalence thickness of the range compensator based on the CT scan. This would allow us to detect possible impurities or other defects of the RC. As part of the validation, we tested not only an unaltered RC, but RC that was damaged or altered post‐construction. Results: We developed software to process the scanned CTimages of the RC and reconstruct the planned RC from the radiation therapy treatment plan. We compared both the physical thickness and water equivalent thickness between the scanned RC and planned RC to quality assurance the manufacturing of the RC. Our process was able to detect deviations of less than 2 mm. Conclusion: We have developed a procedure to efficiently and comprehensively QA the RC.
Microfluidic Continuous Particle Separation via AC-Dielectrophoresis With 3D Electrodes

In this paper, we are presenting the numerical simulation of a novel, simple microfluidic device for continuous separation of the particles according to their size. The device is composed of a straight rectangular channel connecting two inlet reservoirs to two exit reservoirs. Two asymmetric, straight, 3D electrodes are embedded inside the channel along the wall to create a non-uniform electric field for the DEP separation. The separated particles are collected at the different exit reservoirs. Main flow is induced by the pressure difference between the inlet and the exit reservoirs. The region affected by the electric field gradient is confined within the vicinity of the electrodes. Therefore, the undesired effects of the electric field on the system are minimized.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Biosynthesis of the precursor of a soluble human insulin receptor ectodomain in insect Sf9 cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus

In contrast to transfected mammalian cells, insect Sf9 cells infected with a recombinant Baculovirus inefficiently process and secrete a soluble derivative of the extracellular domain of the human insulin receptor. The high-mannose form of the receptor precursor that accumulates intracellularly is not grossly aberrant or malfolded, as its interaction with a diverse panel of monoclonal antibodies are comparable to secreted precursor and proteolytically processed receptor, both of which bear partially trimmed oligosaccharide chains. Thus the inefficient step in the biosynthesis of this protein in Sf9 cells is either at, or just preceding, the trimming of its high-mannose oligosaccharide chains.
Corrigendum to “Methadone and buprenorphine prescribing and referral practices in US prison systems: Results from a nationwide survey” [Drug Alcohol Depend., 105(1–2) 2009 83–88]

In this paper, we surveyed the medical directors of state, federal, and District of Columbia prison systems about their opinions and prescribing practices for methadone and buprenorphine. Our survey also included questions about prison policies related to referring prisoners to community-based opiate replacement therapy (ORT) programs upon release. A color-coded map was used to illustrate states’ prescribing and referral policies (Fig. 1). The original map indicated that the District of Columbia offered only ORT referrals. We found in our survey, however, that the District of Columbia offered both ORT and ORT referrals and was thus mislabeled on the map as medium blue instead of dark blue. Below is the correct Fig. 1.
Fatal caffeine overdose: Two case reports

Abstract Caffeine is a mild central nervous stimulant that occurs naturally in coffee beans, cocoa beans and tea leaves. In large doses, it can be profoundly toxic, resulting in arrhythmia, tachycardia, vomiting, convulsions, coma and death. The average cup of coffee or tea in the United States is reported to contain between 40 and 150mg caffeine although specialty coffees may contain much higher doses. Over-the-counter supplements that are used to combat fatigue typically contain 100–200mg caffeine per tablet and doses of 32–200mg are included in a variety of prescription drug mixtures. Fatal caffeine overdoses in adults are relatively rare and require the ingestion of a large quantity of the drug, typically in excess of 5g. Over a period of approximately 12 months our office reported two cases of fatal caffeine intoxication. In the first case, the femoral blood of a 39-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug use contained 192mg/L caffeine. In the second case, femoral blood from a 29-year-old male with a history of obesity and diabetes contained 567mg/L caffeine. In both cases, the cause of death was ruled as caffeine intoxication and the manner of death was accidental.
Metastatic carcinoma of the ciliary body simulating uveitis. Diagnosis by cytologic examination of aqueous humor.

CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION of the aqueous humor established the presence of an ocular malignancy in a 64-year-old man who presented with "uveitis." The tumor was a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the ciliary body considered to be metastatic from a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The part played by cytopathologic examination and the unusual nature of the ocular tumor are the principal features of the case report. Report of a Case For five months prior to admission, this 64-year-old white steel worker (06-65-93) was under ophthalmological care for chronic iridocyclitis of undetermined origin and secondary glaucoma. The condition was refractory to all treatment including topical and systemic corticosteroids, corticotropin, systemic antibiotics, and antituberculous therapy. The patient had a long history of cigarette smoking, morning cough, and an unexplained 4.5 kg (10 lb) weight loss during the course of the present illness. At the time of admission to the Ophthalmology Branch (March 23,
Patterns of Psychopathology in the Families of Children with Conduct Problems, Depression, and both Psychiatric Conditions

Comorbid conduct problems (CPs) and depression are observed far more often than expected by chance, which is perplexing given minimal symptom overlap. In this study, relations between parental psychopathology and children’s diagnostic status were evaluated to test competing theories of comorbidity. Participants included 180 families with an 8–12-year-old child diagnosed with CPs, depression, both conditions, or neither condition. Although no single theory of comorbidity was supported fully, evidence suggested that CPs and depression may be inherited separately. Paternal antisocial characteristics and maternal depression provided independent prediction of both child depression and CPs. However, paternal antisocial behavior moderated the effect of maternal depression on CPs. For children with antisocial fathers, CPs were observed regardless of maternal depression levels. In contrast, a strong relation was observed between CPs and maternal depression for children without antisocial fathers.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Platinum Catalysts on Nanowire Surfaces for Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction

The photocathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from p-type Si nanowire (NW) arrays was evaluated using platinum deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a HER cocatalyst. ALD of Pt on the NW surface led to a highly conformal coating of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 3 nm, allowing for precise control of the Pt loading in deep submonolayer quantities. The catalytic performance was measured using as little as 1 cycle of Pt ALD, which corresponded to a surface mass loading of ∼10 ng/cm2. The quantitative exploration of the lower limits of Pt cocatalyst loading reported here, and its application to high-surface-area NW photoelectrodes, establish a general approach for minimizing the cost of precious-metal cocatalysts for efficient and affordable solar-to-fuel applications.
Dual of Shack-Hartmann Optometry using Mobile Phones

We describe an optical design that retrofits a cell phone display and an interactive software for assessing refractive properties of human eyes. User evaluation revels an average error of ~0.5 diopters using currently available phones.
The Political Economy of Growth Management

In this article, the economic impact of local growth management policy is examined based upon a market model of local demand for growth. This model provides the foundation for this inquiry and also...
Off-Specular Peaks in the Directional Distribution of Reflected Thermal Radiation

Off-specular peaks in directional distribution of reflected thermal radiation as function of angle of incidence, surface roughness and wavelength
Comparison of Azathioprine-Antilymphocyte Globulin versus Cyclosporine in Renal Transplantation

THE INTRODUCTION of cyclosporine (CsA) into use for clinical renal allotransplantation was associated with an inordinate amount of favorable publicity and with the expectation that graft survival rates would be increased and side effects of chronic immunosuppression decreased. J However, almost all clinical trials have compared the results obtained with CsA in consecutive patients to those obtained with conventional immunosuppression in a historical group.23 Preliminary results of three prospective randomized trials have been reported. 46 Two were multicenter trials, 56 and in both graft survival rates were higher in the patients treated with CsA than in those treated with azathioprine (AZA). In the European trial4 the conventional immunosuppressive regimen, to which CsA was compared, was not employed in what we consider the optimal manner, with only one preoperative blood transfusion required for the recipients, and without the use of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). The same objections apply in part to the Canadian cooperative trial6 since most centers did not use ALG. In those that did, however, the results with conventional immunosuppression and CsA were similar. 78 A large, single-institution, randomized trial of CsA versus AZA for immunosuppression was begun at the University of Minnesota since 1980. 4 In this trial adjunctive measures we had previously found to be important, but that were not applied in the European trial and in most Canadian centers, were systematically applied to all recipients, including the use of splenectomy, multiple transfusions, and prophylactic administration of ALG. In our trial, graft survival rates have not been significantly different between CsAand AZAtreated patients. In fact, in our most recent analy-