cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Electron Mobility TFTs of Nanocrystalline Silicon Deposited at 150°oC on Plastic Foil

Top gate n-channel thin film transistors (TFTs) of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) were fabricated on Kapton polyimide film substrates at a maximum process temperature of 15°C. These are thefirst nc-Si:H TFTs ever made on a plastic substrate. Both intrinsic and n + source/drain layers were directly deposited at 80 MHz excitation frequency for high growth rate. Coplanar TFTs with top source/drains and staggered TFTs with bottom source/drains were made. The coplanar top gate and top source/drain structures have linear electron mobility of ∼ 30 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and ON/OFF ratio up to ∼ 10 5 . TFTs with the top gate and bottom source/drain structure made to date have linear mobility of up to ∼ 12 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and ON/OFF ratio of ∼10 5 .
ACUTE TRICUSPID VALVE REGURGITATION CAUSED BY SEVERE BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA

Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has various clinical presentations and most often results in valve replacement. Unlike rupture of cardiac wall or left sided valves, tricuspid valve rupture usually does not result in immediate hemodynamic instability and may go undiagnosed. 19 year old man
STUDIES OF CONTROLLED REPERFUSION AFTER ISCHEMIA: XII. Effects of “duration” of reperfusate administration versus reperfusate “dose” on regional functional, biochemical, and histochemical recovery

This study tests the hypothesis that improved myocardial salvage following regional ischemia occurs when attention is directed toward the duration of blood cardioplegic reperfusion rather than the reperfusate “dose.” Pilot studies after global ischemia established the postischemic oxygen use pattern consistent with normal and impaired recovery; the best recovery occurred when postischemic muscle consumed oxygen in excess of basal demands. Experimental studies were then performed on 22 dogs undergoing 2 hours of left anterior descending coronary occlusion. Nine dogs received normal blood reperfusion, with the heart allowed to remain in the beating, working state. In 13 dogs, cardiac O2 demands were kept low during reperfusion by delivering a dose of 150 to 250 μmol/L Ca++ aspartate-glutamate–enriched blood cardioplegic solution containing 250 to 350 μg/kg body weight diltiazem during total vented bypass. This same reperfusate dose with diltiazem was given over 10 minutes in five dogs and over 20 minutes in eight others. Persistent systolic bulging (ultrasonic crystals) of –27 % (p
MO-FG-CAMPUS-TeP1-05: Rapid and Efficient 3D Dosimetry for End-To-End Patient-Specific QA of Rotational SBRT Deliveries Using a High-Resolution EPID

Purpose: EPID-based patient-specific quality assurance provides verification of the planning setup and delivery process that phantomless QA and log-file based virtual dosimetry methods cannot achieve. We present a method for EPID-based QA utilizing spatially-variant EPID response kernels that allows for direct calculation of the entrance fluence and 3D phantom dose. Methods: An EPID dosimetry system was utilized for 3D dose reconstruction in a cylindrical phantom for the purposes of end-to-end QA. Monte Carlo (MC) methods were used to generate pixel-specific point-spread functions (PSFs) characterizing the spatially non-uniform EPID portal response in the presence of phantom scatter. The spatially-variant PSFs were decomposed into spatially-invariant basis PSFs with the symmetric central-axis kernel as the primary basis kernel and off-axis representing orthogonal perturbations in pixel-space. This compact and accurate characterization enables the use of a modified Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm to directly reconstruct entrance fluence from EPID images without iterative scatter subtraction. High-resolution phantom dose kernels were cogenerated in MC with the PSFs enabling direct recalculation of the resulting phantom dose by rapid forward convolution once the entrance fluence was calculated. A Delta4 QA phantom was used to validate the dose reconstructed in this approach. Results: The spatially-invariant representation of the EPID response accurately reproduced the entrance fluence with >99.5% fidelity with a simultaneous reduction of >60% in computational overhead. 3D dose for 106 voxels was reconstructed for the entire phantom geometry. A 3D global gamma analysis demonstrated a >95% pass rate at 3%/3mm. Conclusion: Our approach demonstrates the capabilities of an EPID-based end-to-end QA methodology that is more efficient than traditional EPID dosimetry methods. Displacing the point of measurement external to the QA phantom reduces the necessary complexity of the phantom itself while offering a method that is highly scalable and inherently generalizable to rotational and trajectory based deliveries. This research was partially supported by Varian.
Organohalide-Respiring Deltaproteobacteria

Organohalide respiration was first discovered in the deltaproteobacterium Desulfomonile tiedjei, which used 3-chlorobenzoate as the respiratory electron acceptor. Since this breakthrough discovery, the organohalide-respiring phenotype was demonstrated in 6 out of the 21 currently published families of the class Deltaproteobacteria. A survey of 208 available deltaproteobacterial genome sequences identified putative reductive dehalogenase genes in about 10 % of the genomes, suggesting that the ability to perform reductive dechlorination is not rare among the Deltaproteobacteria. For example, free-living Geobacter lovleyi strains dechlorinate the priority pollutants tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene in freshwater aquifers whereas the sponge-associated species Desulfoluna spongiiphila uses bromo- and iodophenols as electron acceptors in marine environments. Organohalide-respiring Deltaproteobacteria inhabit diverse habitats where they fulfill key functions in the global cycling of halogens, and have relevant roles in bioremediation applications.
Relating the surface properties of intraocular lens materials to endothelial cell adhesion damage.

Relationships between corneal endothelial cell adhesion and intraocular lens (IOL) surface properties were studied to develop a lens surface with a lower potential to damage the corneal endothelium. The surfaces examined were poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and four types of plasma-deposited coatings on PMMA. These four films were prepared from perfluoropropane, ethylene oxide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). These "monomers" were chosen to produce surfaces with a range in surface chemistry and surface energy. Each type of coating was characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and contact angle techniques. In addition, these surfaces were contacted with rabbit corneal endothelium over a force range of 4000-20,000 dynes. The extent of endothelial cell damage was measured. Over the force range investigated, each modified surface was found to induce a significantly different degree of cell adhesion than that caused by PMMA. The perfluoropropane plasma film induced a constant lower degree of adhesion damage than the PMMA for all forces of contact. Although the HEMA and NVP hydrogel surfaces also induced lower adhesion damage than PMMA, the cell loss associated with each did increase as a function of force. The ethylene oxide film caused a significant increase in cell loss compared to the PMMA-induced losses. Based upon the correlation between the surface analysis data and the cell-surface contacting results, we suggest that a "soft" high-energy surface or a "rigid" low-energy surface is favorable for reduced cell adhesion. Also, the results indicate that cell adhesion increases for materials with increased hydrocarbon enrichment and for materials with lower (ether bonding)/(ester and ketone linkages) ratios. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:853-860,1989
Lay Perspectives concerning Global Climate Change in Sweden

This paper discusses the effects of the ongoing debate concerning the greenhouse effect in Sweden on the general public in the town of Umea. Issues that are seen to be of importance include: 1. the people's inability to disassociate the greenhouse effect from the ozone hole debate, 2. the equity issues connected to the region, 3. people's attitudes toward the greenhouse effect, and 4. the solutions considered to be the best for solving the problem of global climate change. These issues are based on twenty four person to person in-depth interviews which took place during July and August of 1990.
Quantitation of Monophosphorylated Lipid A in the Oil-in-Water Adjuvant Delivery Systems Using Transesterification and GC-MS

Vaccine delivery systems play pivotal role in effective antigen delivery. These systems often contain adjuvants that stimulate specific immune response and are important for vaccines' efficacy and safety. Oil-in-water vaccine delivery lipid emulsion systems containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as immune modulator have been extensively investigated in vaccine trials. Herein, we describe a simple orthogonal method, for quantitative measurement of MPLA in an oil-in-water lipid delivery system using direct transesterification reaction followed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. In this protocol, the transesterification reaction results in the release of fatty acid methyl esters followed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry-based targeted quantification of the specific 3-hydroxytetradecanoate fatty acid methyl ester to measure the concentration of MPLA in an oil-in-water lipid emulsion system.
An Enlightening Reactor

A photoreactor from a collaboration between the MacMillan Lab and Merck could provide a widespread tool for synthetic chemists in the photoredox space.
Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock: Age Is Opportunity

“How far the gulf stream of our youth may flow into the arctic regions of our lives. For age is opportunity no less than youth itself, though in another dress. And as the evening twilight fades away, the sky is filled with stars, invisible by day.” —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ( [ 1 ][1] )
Pediatric Poisonings in a Rural Ugandan Emergency Department.

Objective This study aims to describe pediatric poisonings presenting to a rural Ugandan emergency department (ED), identifying demographic factors and causative agents. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in the ED of a rural hospital in the Rukungiri District of Uganda. A prospectively collected quality assurance database of ED visits was queried for poisonings in patients under the age of 5 who were admitted to the hospital. Cases were included if the chief complaint or final diagnosis included anything referable to poisoning, ingestion, or intoxication, or if a toxicologic antidote was administered. The database was coded by a blinded investigator, and descriptive statistics were performed. Results From November 9, 2009, to July 11, 2014, 3428 patients under the age of 5 were admitted to the hospital. A total of 123 cases (3.6%) met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-two patients were male (58.5%). The average age was 2.3 (SD, 0.97) years with 45 children (36.6%) under the age of 2 years. There were 19 cases (15.4%) lost to 3-day follow-up. The top 3 documented exposures responsible for pediatric poisonings were cow tick or organophosphates (36 cases, 29.2%), general poison or drug overdose (26 cases, 21.1%), and paraffin or hydrocarbon (24 cases, 19.5%).Of the admitted patients, 1 died in the ED and 2 died at 72-hour follow-up, for an overall 72-hour mortality of 2.4%. Patients who died were exposed to iron, cow tick, and rat poison. Conclusions Pediatric poisoning affects patients in rural sub-Saharan Africa. The mortality rate at one rural Ugandan hospital was greater than 2%.
The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F I. Cuticular Water Loss

1. The rate of water loss from the cuticle of Locusta is proportional to weight. 2. The rate of water loss from the cuticle at 30° C., 0% R.H. is 5.63±0.67 mg./ locust/hr., giving a permeability of 0.022 mg./cm. 2 /mm. Hg/hr. 3. The transition temperature at 46-48° C. is similar to that of Schistocerca (Beament, 1959) and probably indicates the existence of an oriented lipid monolayer in the epicuticle. 4. At relative humidities of 0-50 % the rate of water loss from whole locusts decreases with time. This phenomenon, which does not occur at 75%R.H., is partly due to the loss of adsorbed hydroscopic water during the initial period. A continuing apparent decrease in transpiration is shown to be a true permeability change. 5. The relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss at 30° C. is curvilinear, falling away at high saturation deficits. This results in a saving of water amounting to 1.5-2.5 mg./locust/hr. at 25 % R.H. and 2.7-4.0 mg./locust/hr. at 0% R.H. and will be biologically significant if not an artifact. 6. The anomalous relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss is caused by the permeability change occurring at low R.H. Three theories which may account for these phenomena are discussed.
Providing Adaptive and Personalized Visual Support based on Behavioral Tracking of Children with Autism for Assessing Reciprocity and Coordination Skills in a Joint Attention Training Application

Recent works have demonstrated the applicability of the activity and behavioral pattern analysis mechanisms to assist therapists, care-givers and individuals with development disorders including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); the computational cost and sophistication of such behavioral modeling systems might prevent them from deploying. As such, in this paper, we proposed an easily deployable automatic system to train joint attention (JA) skills, assess the frequency and degree of reciprocity and provide visual cues accordingly. Our proposed approach is different from most of earlier attempts in that we do not capitalize the sophisticated feature-space construction methodology; instead, the simple design, in-game automatic data collection for adaptive visual supports offers hassle-free benefits especially for low-functioning ASD individuals and those with severe verbal impairments.
Storage Ring Design as a Synchrotron Light Source

Synchrotron radiation sources have undergone significant transitions and modifications over past years. Originally, most experiments with synchrotron radiation were performed parasitically on high energy physics colliding beam storage rings. Much larger photon fluxes could be obtained from such sources compared to any other source available. The community of synchrotron radiation users grew rapidly and so did the variety of applications and fields. By the time the usefulness of storage rings for high energy physics was exhausted some of these facilities were turned over to the synchrotron radiation community as fully dedicated radiation sources. Those are called first generation synchrotron radiation sources. They were not optimized for minimum beam emittance and maximum photon beam brightness. Actually, the optimization for high energy physics called for a maximum beam emittance to maximize collision rates for elementary particle events. The radiation sources were mostly bending magnets although the development and use of insertion devices started in these rings. Typically, the beam emittance is in the 100’s of nm.
The relationship between secretion of retinol and protein by the lacrimal gland.

Secretion of retinol and protein by the rabbit lacrimal gland appear to be closely related, suggesting that they are secreted by the same mechanism. Pilocarpine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) both stimulate protein and retinol secretion rate in a dose-dependent manner, but the concentrations of retinol and protein in the lacrimal gland fluid are independent of fluid flow at flow rates in excess of 1 /il/min. Under all conditions of stimulation with pilocarpine and VIP that were studied, the retinol:protein ratio in lacrimal gland fluid of normal rabbits remained constant at 3.3 ng retinol/mg protein. This correlation between retinol and protein secretion by the lacrimal gland suggests that retinol is protein-bound in lacrimal gland fluid. To identify this protein, vitamin A-deficicnt rabbits were treated orally with 3 H-retinyl acetate. Lacrimal gland fluid was collected and analyzed for 3 H-retinol and protein. The 3 H-retinol in lacrimal gland fluid was identified by reverse-phase HPLC and analysis of protein by gel filtration chromatography showed that this 3 11-retinol was associated with protein which eluted from the columns in the 20 kD range. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:952960,1989
Strategic choices of bilateral and multilateral preferential trade agreements: empirical analysis

The rapid proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) has prompted numerous studies on why states seek PTAs. However, very little research examines why states vary in choosing different forms of PTAs, while states’ decisions to enter bilateral or multilateral PTA affect the global, regional, and national political economies. This paper thus finds global patterns regarding which pairs of states are more likely to enter bilateral or multilateral PTAs. Based on a wide range of existing research, the paper begins with hypothesizing different effects of economic and political factors that give rise to these PTAs during the last two decades. The empirical analysis then tests these hypotheses. The result shows stark differences in pairs of states joining the two types of PTAs. Bilateral PTAs are more likely to develop between democratic states with a large market size and the World Trade Organization (WTO) membership. Multilateral PTAs tend to form between less democratic states with greater political affinity.
'The Kings and Queens of Promise:' Differences Between White Tigers’ and Yellow Tigers’ Mating Behaviors in Captivity

In 2013, Leonardo DiCaprio donated $3 million through the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation (LDF) to build watchtowers and other structures to help save wild tigers. Their comprehensive conservation plan focuses on breeding. His funds helped to save both white tigers and yellow tigers and provide World Wildlife Fund (WWF) with a greater stake in their longstanding commitments to receiving and investing donations for beloved white tigers. This great leadership caused the public to fortify its interest in humane treatment of white tigers in the wild and captivity. White tigers may be bred in captivity through zoos, sanctuaries, and breeding programs. They may be afforded ideal conditions for their species. Many are treated according to survival plans and other regimens. While white tigers often are treated humanely under relevant laws, such as Animal Welfare Act and Endanger Species Act, they may be deprived of circumstances that are ideal because captors misunderstand their distinctions from other animals, including yellow tigers. Yet, like others, their offspring may be subjected to mistreatment for entertainment. This paper argues that white tigers should be permitted to breed naturally and with necessary human intervention. Section II discusses relevant laws, including those requiring cubs to be humanely treated. This section advocates for increased protection. It addresses blatantly inaccurate rumors that white tigers are inbred and deformed. Section III presents data documenting how white tigers mating in captivity may differ from yellow tigers, who mate in captivity. Therefore, their accommodations, such as enclosures, enrichment, and meals, should conform to their special needs, which may be individualized. Methods and analyses are discussed in Section III. Section IV concludes that increased education about white tigers is necessary and helpful for the proliferation and comfort of the captive species. Distinctions between yellow tigers and white tigers, who mate in captivity, demonstrate speciation or personality differences that should receive attention and resources from human caretakers and the public (e.g., donors).
chemmodlab: a cheminformatics modeling laboratory R package for fitting and assessing machine learning models

The goal of chemmodlab is to streamline the fitting and assessment pipeline for many machine learning models in R, making it easy for researchers to compare the utility of these models. While focused on implementing methods for model fitting and assessment that have been accepted by experts in the cheminformatics field, all of the methods in chemmodlab have broad utility for the machine learning community. chemmodlab contains several assessment utilities, including a plotting function that constructs accumulation curves and a function that computes many performance measures. The most novel feature of chemmodlab is the ease with which statistically significant performance differences for many machine learning models is presented by means of the multiple comparisons similarity plot. Differences are assessed using repeated k-fold cross validation, where blocking increases precision and multiplicity adjustments are applied. chemmodlab is freely available on CRAN at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/chemmodlab/index.html .
Rare Presentation of a Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm.

Sinus of Valsalva (SOV) aneurysm occurs infrequently, with an incidence of 0.14% to 3.5% in patients undergoing open heart surgery. SOV aneurysm may be congenital or acquired in origin and may rupture into any of the cardiac chambers, usually the right-sided ones, to form an aorticocardiac fistula.1 Clinically SOV aneurysm, can be classified as acquired or congenital and ruptured or unruptured, whereas anatomically it can be classified on the basis of the sinus of origin and the chamber of penetration.2 We present a case of bacterial endocarditis complicated by ruptured SOV aneurysm in a patient who presented to the hospital with vague symptoms. The patient underwent successful patch repair and was doing well at 10-month follow-up.
Tactile Exploration Strategies With Natural Compliant Objects Elicit Virtual Stiffness Cues

When interacting with deformable objects, tactile cues at the finger pad help inform our perception of material compliance. Nearly all prior studies have relied on highly homogenous, engineered materials such as silicone-elastomers and foams. In contrast, we employ soft plum fruit varying in ripeness; ecological substances associated with tasks of everyday life. In this article, we investigate volitional exploratory strategies and contact interactions, for comparison to engineered materials. New measurement techniques are introduced, including an ink-based method to capture finger pad to fruit contact interactions, and instrumented force and optical sensors to capture imposed force and displacement. Human-subjects experiments are conducted for both single finger touch and two finger grasp. The results indicate that terminal contact areas between soft and hard plums are indistinguishable, but the newly defined metric of virtual stiffness can differentiate between the fruits’ ripeness, amidst their local variations in geometry, stiffness, and viscoelasticity. Moreover, it affords discrimination independent of one's touch force. This metric illustrates the tie between the deployment of active, exploratory strategies and the elicitation of optimal cues for perceptual discrimination. Compared to single finger touch, perceptual discrimination improves further in pinch grasp, which is indeed a more natural gesture for judging ripeness.
Crack-induced guided wave motion and modal excitability in plates using elastodynamic reciprocity

Abstract This paper presents solutions and comparisons for guided wave motion (Lamb and shear horizontal) due to tensile and shear cracks in an isotropic plate using elastodynamic reciprocity. Cracks are treated as point sources, which for the ease of wave motion analysis have equivalent body force representations. The paper then outlines the use of elastodynamic reciprocity for obtaining the wave motion due to equivalent body forces for tensile (Mode I) and shear (Mode II or III) cracks. A far-field analysis is subsequently performed in order to simplify the results and facilitate a direct comparison of guided mode excitability due to the three cracking modes. A parametric study in an aluminum plate is carried out for the dependence of guided mode excitability on frequency, crack depth, and propagation direction. The study reveals the intricate frequency and depth dependence of the excitability for various fundamental and higher-order modes. Although tensile cracking exhibits complex Lamb mode radiation patterns, a simple and universal closed-form expression is derived for the low-frequency limit (
Microalgae Cultivation Using Screened Liquid Dairy Manure Applying Different Folds of Dilution: Nutrient Reduction Analysis with Emphasis on Phosphorus Removal

A number of dairies in southern Idaho employed stationary inclined screens to separate large solid particles out of liquid dairy manure. In this way, the total solid content of the liquid dairy manure can drop about 20%. Solids in dairy wastewater cause high turbidities, which could block the incident light, a key factor in the microalgae cultivation process using wastewaters as culture media. In this study, screened liquid dairy manure was used as the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris culture media. The aim was to optimize the dilution folds for the best growth of Chlorella vulgaris and nutrients’ reduction with a special focus on phosphorus removal and recovery. Four folds of dilution, designated as 5*, 10*, 15*, 20*, were applied to the liquid dairy manure to alleviate hindrance of the high turbidity together with the high ammonium. Microalgal cultivation removed a significant amount of turbidity and major nutrients. For differently diluted liquid dairy manures, although the initial turbidities varied a lot, the final removal rates were not significantly different, falling in the range of 88.11–91.73%. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the 5-fold diluted liquid dairy manure dropped from 6700 to 1200 mg/L, corresponding to a removal rate of 79.81%. For the 10-fold, 15-fold, and 20-fold diluted manures, Chlorella removed around 67–69% of the initial CODs. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) was removed at rates ranging from 70.84 to 73.99% from the four differently diluted liquid dairy manures without significant differences. NH4-N was removed most efficiently by 88.92% from the 20-fold diluted liquid dairy manure, and the least at 68.65% from the 5-fold diluted one. Although the original total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were distinctive for each group, the TP removal rates stayed in the range of 52.16 to 65.22%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis of the precipitates harvested from the microalgal cultivation suggested possible phosphate precipitate forms. The chelation of Ca or Mg cations by dissolved organic matter (DOM) under alkaline conditions caused by microalgae cultivation could explain the unsatisfactory phosphorus removals observed in this study.
Multiplexed and micro-structured virtual staining of unlabeled tissue using deep learning

We present a method to generate multiple virtual stains on an image of label-free tissue using a single deep neural network according to a user-defined micro-structure map. The input to this network comes from two sources: (i) autofluorescence microscopy images of the unlabeled tissue, (ii) a user-defined digital-staining-matrix. This digital-staining-matrix indicates which stain is to be virtually-generated for each pixel, and can be used to create a micro-structured stain map, or virtually blend stains together. We experimentally validated this approach using blind-testing of label-free kidney tissue sections, and successfully generated combinations of H and E, Masson’s Trichome stain, and Jones silver stain.
How do smartwatch price and brand awareness drive consumer perceptions and purchase intention? A perceived value approach

With the usage of smartwatches steadily increasing, several brands, both well-known and unknown, have emerged to gain market share in this growing sector of wearable-tech products. Using the perceived value approach to understand the differences in and relationships between consumer perceptions of a smartwatch among different price points and brand awareness levels, this study found that perceived quality, value for money, brand trust and purchase intention differed across price points of the unknown brand, while perceived quality, value for money and brand trust differed across price points of the well-known brand. A causal model revealed positive influence of brand trust on perceived quality, which in turn influenced value for money. Value for money exerted a positive influence on purchase intention. Perceived risk had a negative influence on purchase intention, while having no influence on value for money. Brand awareness had an inconsistent moderating influence on these relationships.
Distributional Generalization: A New Kind of Generalization

We introduce a new notion of generalization--- Distributional Generalization--- which roughly states that outputs of a classifier at train and test time are close as distributions, as opposed to close in just their average error. For example, if we mislabel 30% of dogs as cats in the train set of CIFAR-10, then a ResNet trained to interpolation will in fact mislabel roughly 30% of dogs as cats on the test set as well, while leaving other classes unaffected. This behavior is not captured by classical generalization, which would only consider the average error and not the distribution of errors over the input domain. Our formal conjectures, which are much more general than this example, characterize the form of distributional generalization that can be expected in terms of problem parameters: model architecture, training procedure, number of samples, and data distribution. We give empirical evidence for these conjectures across a variety of domains in machine learning, including neural networks, kernel machines, and decision trees. Our results thus advance our understanding of interpolating classifiers.
Tuning intermolecular interactions in dioctyl-substituted polyfluorene via hydrostatic pressure.

Polyfluorenes (PFs) represent a unique class of poly-para-phenylene-based blue-emitting polymers with intriguing structure−property relationships. Slight variations in the choice of functionalizing...
Creating intelligent content with lightweight DITA, by Evia, C. (2019). New York, NY: Routledge.

With growing attention to "intelligent content" and "dynamic delivery" in the advent of connected technologies (i.e., Internet of Things, artificial intelligence agents), component content management and structured authoring skills are becoming increasingly required of technical communicators today. To produce reusable intelligent content, technical communicators need a systematic workflow and common authoring standard. Our experience in industry and in educating technical communicators has led us to seek out resources for understanding existing standards and practicing them with technical communication students. As such, both authors have used the Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) markup standard and experienced what may be a perplexing process in content creation and management. Carlos Evia's book, Creating Intelligent Content with Lightweight DITA, caught our attention as the title suggests an accessible way into learning and applying what has become a widely adopted standard for structured authoring. Understanding that Lightweight DITA (LwDITA) does not aim to replace existing DITA standards, we approach this review not with an intention to examine its viability, but rather a focus on the rhetorical work in structured content authoring and its continuous evolution.
Are Brighter Days Ahead? Light and Sound in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

PURPOSE. Though intended to heal, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) environments are often a source of stress for patients and families. Disturbances in patient sleep quantity and quality are thought to be due to loss of the day/night cycle and continuous light and noise exposure. Environmental disruptions may exacerbate delirium, which is associated with increased ventilator days and mortality in children. ICU sound levels frequently exceed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations; there are no similar standards for hospital light. Little PICU-specific data exists. The purpose of this study was to describe light and …
The Monstrous Politics of Leo Strauss

This essay portrays Leo Strauss as a “Founding Father” of American Conservatism who assisted other postwar conservative thinkers in laying the philosophical foundations for what in subsequent decades become the right-of center terrain in the American public debate.
Testing of an Element Tracer Dilution Method for Measurement of Total Mass of Molten Salt in a Nuclear Fuel Cycle Process or Molten Salt Reactor

This study addressed the problem of measuring the total mass of molten salt in a nuclear system such as a nuclear fuel electrorefiner or a molten salt reactor. In theory, soluble tracers can be add...
Building Material Attenuations at 5 GHz and at mmWave Frequencies 30 GHz and 90 GHz

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems will be usedwidely, both indoors and out. Many systems will use directional antennas to overcome attenuation due to free space and obstructions. For specification of link parameters, the attenuation of common materials is of value, and this is the subject of this paper. Measurements were conducted at three frequencies to estimate the attenuation of several common building materials. Frequencies were 5 GHz, and two mmWave frequencies, 30 and 90 GHz. Materials were those found in a typical office building: glass, plasterboard, dropped-ceiling tile, and solid wooden fire doors. We also calculated the attenuation for each material for these frequencies using the commercial ray-tracing tool Wireless InSiteOR, and generally found very good agreement. Most materials exhibit moderate (few dB) attenuation, with the wooden fire doors yielding the largest loss, over 30 dB at 90 GHz. Remarks on the wide range of attenuations on mmWave signals are provided.
Breaking Down Walls of Text: How Can NLP Benefit Consumer Privacy?

Privacy plays a crucial role in preserving democratic ideals and personal autonomy. The dominant legal approach to privacy in many jurisdictions is the “Notice and Choice” paradigm, where privacy policies are the primary instrument used to convey information to users. However, privacy policies are long and complex documents that are difficult for users to read and comprehend. We discuss how language technologies can play an important role in addressing this information gap, reporting on initial progress towards helping three specific categories of stakeholders take advantage of digital privacy policies: consumers, enterprises, and regulators. Our goal is to provide a roadmap for the development and use of language technologies to empower users to reclaim control over their privacy, limit privacy harms, and rally research efforts from the community towards addressing an issue with large social impact. We highlight many remaining opportunities to develop language technologies that are more precise or nuanced in the way in which they use the text of privacy policies.
Setting Up for Success: Strategies to Foster Surgeons' Pursuit of Basic Science Research.

ABSTRACT Background Surgeons make important contributions to basic science research and are in a unique position to innovate scientifically. The number of surgeons pursuing basic science research has been declining over the past two decades. We sought to describe perceived barriers to surgeons’ pursuit of basic science research and identify interventions that mitigate these obstacles. Materials & Methods An online survey was sent to chairs of academic surgery departments and practicing surgeons involved in basic science research. A subset of these participants were interviewed about their experiences. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and uploaded to NVivo. Two coders developed a codebook using inductive content analysis to identify relevant themes. Results 97 people responded to the survey, 27 (29%) were department chairs. Major barriers to basic science research for all respondents were lack of funding, clinical duties and lack of dedicated time for research. Nine surgeons and three departmental chairs were subsequently interviewed. The importance of having clear research goals and timetables with specific plans for attaining funding were mentioned by all. Chairs described the usefulness of embedding early surgeon scientists in their scientific mentors’ labs in a post-doctoral model. Additionally, departmental leaders must actively work to protect surgeon scientists from encroaching clinical and administrative demands. Conclusions While barriers to surgeons’ pursuit of basic science research exist, the surgeon scientist is a phenotype that can be fostered with the dedication and commitment of surgeons to continue to pursue science research and active support of departmental leadership.
Challenges and Advances in Information Extraction from Scientific Literature: a Review

Scientific articles have long been the primary means of disseminating scientific discoveries. Over the centuries, valuable data and potentially groundbreaking insights have been collected and buried deep in the mountain of publications. In materials engineering, such data are spread across technical handbooks specification sheets, journal articles, and laboratory notebooks in myriad formats. Extracting information from papers on a large scale has been a tedious and time-consuming job to which few researchers have wanted to devote their limited time and effort, yet is an activity that is essential for modern data-driven design practices. However, in recent years, significant progress has been made by the computer science community on techniques for automated information extraction from free text. Yet, transformative application of these techniques to scientific literature remains elusive—due not to a lack of interest or effort but to technical and logistical challenges. Using the challenges in the materials science literature as a driving motivation, we review the gaps between state-of-the-art information extraction methods and the practical application of such methods to scientific texts, and offer a comprehensive overview of work that can be undertaken to close these gaps.
Digital preservation lifecycle management for multi-media collections

Increasingly, intellectual content is “born digital.” In order to make it as easy as possible for content creators to preserve their content for the long-term, preservation processes should be integrated into the content production lifecycle. Our project takes an existing video production workflow and integrates it with a digital preservation life-cycle management process that will enable the digital content to be archived for long-term preservation. The collection, “Conversations with History,” is produced at the University of California, Berkeley, edited by University of California, San Diego–TV (UCSD-TV), and broadcast and Web-cast through UCTV. The proposed system will demonstrate an effective preservation methodology by demonstrating a standard reference model for digital preservation lifecycle management that can be integrated into active production workflows.
Why Rich States Aren't Republican

Red State, Blue State, Rich State, Poor State. Why Americans Vote the Way They Do. By Andrew Gelman, David Park, Boris Shor, Joseph Bafumi, and Jeronimo Cortina. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2008. 247 pp. $27.95, £16.95. ISBN 9780691139272. Beginning with the paradox that while rich states have tilted toward the Democratic Party, rich voters still tend to favor the Republicans, the authors explore voting patterns in recent U.S. elections and their implications for American politics.
Staying Positive: Positive Affect as a Predictor of Resilience in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Background Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for diminished quality of life, deteriorating glycemic control, and psychological symptoms, yet some adolescents are able to adapt to the challenges associated with having diabetes exceptionally well. We sought to examine positive affect as a protective process predicting resilience over time in youth with T1D. Method Adolescents and their mothers completed questionnaire data, and HbA1c was obtained from adolescents’ medical records at baseline and after 6 months. Adolescents were coded for observed positive mood during a videotaped interaction with their mothers. Results Positive mood, including both self-report and observed mood, was associated with glycemic control, psychological symptoms, and quality of life. In addition, positive mood predicted improvements in glycemic control and externalizing problems over 6 months. Conclusions Positive affect emerged as a protective process for resilient outcomes in adolescents with T1D, suggesting novel targets for intervention in this high-risk population.
Drak2 contributes to West Nile virus entry into the brain and lethal encephalitis

Death-associated protein kinase-related apoptosis-inducing kinase-2 (Drak2), a member of the death-associated protein family of serine/threonine kinases, is specifically expressed in T and B cells. In the absence of Drak2, mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis due to a decrease in the number of cells infiltrating the CNS. In the present study, we investigated the role of Drak2 in West Nile virus (WNV)-induced encephalitis and found that Drak2(-/-) mice were also more resistant to lethal WNV infection than wild-type mice. Although Drak2(-/-) mice had an increase in the number of IFN-gamma-producing T cells in the spleen after infection, viral levels in the peripheral tissues were not significantly different between these two groups of mice. In contrast, there was a reduced viral load in the brains of Drak2(-/-) mice, which was accompanied by a decrease in the number of Drak2(-/-) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the brain following WNV infection. Moreover, we detected viral Ags in T cells isolated from the spleen or brain of WNV-infected mice. These results suggest that following a systemic infection, WNV might cross the blood brain barrier and enter the CNS by being carried by infected infiltrating T cells.
Reaction of gas phase atomic oxygen with chemisorbed hydrogen atoms on a tungsten surface

Abstract Classical trajectory studies have been carried out for the reaction of gas phase atomic O with H atoms chemisorbed on a corrugated tungsten surface. Most reactive events are found to occur in single-impact collisions on a subpicosecond scale via the Eley-Rideal mechanism producing highly excited OH. The extent of reaction is strongly affected by surface corrugation and product is shown to exhibit a vibrational population inversion. The direct coupling of the reaction zone to the solid atom chain consisting of nine atoms is considered to obtain consistent results. A LEPS potential energy surface is used for the reaction zone interaction.
Template-Free Growth of Aligned Bundles of Conducting Polymer Nanowires

Aligned bundles of conducting polymer nanowires are generated in situ during the polymerization of o-anisidine. The presence of an appropriate initiator, a prolonged reaction time, and careful tuning of reaction conditions are crucial parameters for producing aligned nanowires. Mechanistic studies suggest hydrogen bonding between the substituents on the monomer and the polymer backbone is important for promoting alignment.
Black Belts and Ivory Towers: The Place of Race in U.S. Social Thought, 1892-1948:

Using the University of Chicago as a case study, this essay examines the racial foundations of sociological thought during the discipline's rising academic legitimacy and cultural authority, in the first half of the 20 th century. Much more than critical hindsight, the basic theories and methods developed by the “Chicago School” and Robert Park in particular did not just construct racial categories, but were constructed by national anxieties about racial differences in urbanizing America. From this anxiety emerged a “second wave” of Black social scientists who both offered important and under recognized critiques of the “Chicago School” outlook, while reinforcing its industrial framework of organization and civilization in ways that marked “Black” identity as maladjustment, deviance and dysfunction. By stripping away this overarching sociological framework and resituating the “data” derived from “Black subjects” within its migrant and urban context, this essay ends with thoughts about how Chicago's Black ...
Chemotactic Properties of Angiopoietin-1 and -2, Ligands for the Endothelial-specific Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Tie2

Angiopoietin-1 and its putative natural antagonist, angiopoietin-2, were recently isolated, and the critical role of angiopoietin-1 in embryogenic angiogenesis was demonstrated by targeted gene disruption. Specific biological effects of angiopoietin-1, however, have yet to be defined. In this study we demonstrate that angiopoietin-1, but not angiopoietin-2, is chemotactic for endothelial cells. In contrast, angiopoietin-1 as well as angiopoietin-2 exhibit no proliferative effect on endothelial cells. Excess soluble Tie2, but not Tie1 receptor, abolish the chemotactic response of endothelial cells toward angiopoietin-1. Angiopoietin-2 dose-dependently blocks directed migration toward angiopoietin-1, consistent with the role of angiopoietin-2 as a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiopoietin-1. Fibroblasts stably transfected with Tie2 receptor exhibit chemotactic responses for both angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2. Fibroblasts stably expressing a transfected chimeric receptor consisting of the ectodomain of TrkC fused to the cytoplasmic domain of Tie2 also exhibit a chemotactic response to neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), a specific ligand for TrkC. Endothelial cells are shown to express angiopoietin-2 mRNA and protein, indicating the potential for autocrine activation of angiopoietin/Tie2. Finally, the demonstration that Tie2 as well as angiopoietin-1 are expressed in normal human arteries and veins suggests that the role of angiopoietin/Tie2 may extend beyond embryonic angiogenesis to maintaining integrity of the adult vasculature.
The changer or the changed: Feminism in the universities

Abstract In Winter 1982, a call for papers went out nationally for articles to be included in a proposed anthology— The Changer or the Changed: Feminism in the Universities . In a brief introduction, the editors of the proposed volume sketch out the conception of the anthology, and the chronology of the prospectus between Winter '82 and Spring '83 when they decided to cease work on the anthology and to return all manuscripts. The text of the letter which explains this decision is here reprinted. Their decision was made as a result of the emergence of the autonomy/integration issues facing Women's Studies today.
Awareness and teamwork in computer-supported collaborations

A contemporary approach to describing and theorizing about joint human endeavor is to posit 'knowledge in common' as a basis for awareness and coordination. Recent analysis has identified weaknesses in this approach even as it is typically employed in relatively simple task contexts. We suggest that in realistically complex circumstances, people share activities and not merely concepts. We describe a framework for understanding joint endeavor in terms of four facets of activity awareness: common ground, communities of practice, social capital, and human development. We illustrate the sort of analysis we favor with a scenario from emergency management, and consider implications and future directions for system design and empirical methods.