cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid rice new combination Shiyouyu 1 with high-quality and high-yield

Shiyouyu 1 is a new three-line thermo-sensitive hybrid rice combination,and it was combined with a high-quality wild-abortive male sterile line Shiyou A which was bred by Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and a self-selected restorer line Yuhui 1.Shiyouyu 1 has such characters as high and stable yield,suitable growth duration,wide adaptability and high yield of seed production,etc.It is suitable for cultivating as early and late rice in south and middle region of Guangxi and as late rice in north region of Guangxi. The multi-location demonstration results showed that the general yield of Shiyouyu 1 was 7.5-8.25 t/hm2,and the high yield could reach 9.75 t/hm2,the grain quality reached the third grade of National Standard of High-quality Grain.Shiyouyu 1 was certified and registered by Guangxi Committee for Crop Variety Registration on May,2007.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of hypertension in community residents in Beidaihe district of Qinhuangdao city

[Objective]To know the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in community residents in Beidaihe district of Qinhuangdao city,and explore the control countermeasures of hypertension in community residents.[Methods]By using the household survey,the respondents received a blood pressure measurement and filled the unified investigation form.[Results]The prevalence rate of hypertension in community residents in Beidaihe district was 15.19%,and that of males was higher than that of females.The prevalence rate in people over 60 years old was high.The people with higher level of education had lower prevalence rate.The difference in prevalence rate among people with different income was not significant.The prevalence rate of people with normal weight was significantly lower than that of overweight or obese people.[Conclusion]Hypertension is one of the common diseases in community residents in Beidaihe district.The possible inducing factors of hypertension include sex,age,physical activity,spiritual factor,dietary habits and obesity.
Obituary: Paul Joyce (1958–2016)

![Graphic][1] Paul Joyce was born in 1958 in Butte, Montana, and grew up there. Many of the qualities that defined Paul in life were apparent in childhood. The sixth of 12 children, he was the youngest of the big kids but adopted by the younger ones—he was the bridge in his family and he
Distribution of nerve growth factor-like protein and nerve growth factor receptor in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma.

AbstractRecent observations from our laboratory have identified a nerve growth factor (NGF)-like protein in conditioned media of stromal cells and neoplastic epithelial cells of the human prostate which mediates paracrine interactive growth of both cell types in vitro. In order to investigate the location of this NGF-like protein in the human prostate in vivo, and whether a nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R) could be identified, we have carried out immunocytochemical studies on frozen tissue sections of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic adenocarcinoma and normal prostatic tissue. The NGF-like protein localized predominantly to the stromal component of BPH, adenocarcinoma and normal (non-cancerous) prostatic tissue. Conversely, the NGF-R localized predominantly to the epithelial cells of these tissues. Renal tissue provided negative controls for both the NGF-like protein and the NGF-R. The testis provided positive controls for both the NGF-like protein and the NGF-R. These results provi...
Microtubules associate with actin-containing filaments at discrete sites along the ventral surface of Allogromia reticulopods

We have investigated the distribution of actin and microtubules in pseudopodial networks (reticulopods) of the protozoan Allogromia sp., strain NF, in order to help elucidate the respective roles these components play in network organization and motility. Double-label fluorescence studies with tubulin antibodies and tetramethyl-rhodamine (TMR)-phalloidin reveal that microtubules and filamentous actin co-localize in regions where trunk pseudopods contact the substratum and splay to form the pseudopodial network; distal to these regions the network contains numerous microtubules but little or no F-actin. Similar results were obtained using various commercial actin antibodies. Correlative anti-actin immunofluorescence and high-voltage electron microscopy of serial 0.25 micron sections reveal that actin is contained within discrete electron-opaque, fan-shaped structures distributed along the cytoplasmic aspect of the ventral reticulopodial membrane. Electron microscopy of serial 100 nm sections from conventionally fixed specimens confirms that these actin-rich plaques are composed of a felt of roughly parallel, 5 nm diameter filaments. A subset of parallel and often bundled microtubules is enmeshed within, or contacts the periphery of, these filament plaques. Upon leaving a plaque, bundled microtubules frequently splay into smaller bundles. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that interactions between microtubules and actin-containing microfilaments, particularly at substratum adhesion points, are involved in various aspects of reticulopodial motility, particularly network morphogenesis and cell body locomotion.
Applications for magnetic resonance imaging in bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with a high rate of misdiagnosis and evidence of degenerative progression. Research indicates that the interval between bipolar episodes decreases steadily until the patient settles into a relatively frequent course of mania and depression. Various imaging techniques have been used in the understanding of the brain pathology underlying bipolar disorder through identification of patterns consistent with disruption of the normal brain activity in bipolar patients. These techniques have demonstrated evidence of abnormalities in the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex. In addition, the cerebellar vermis, which serves as an error-detection function to modulate the iterative network, appears to shrink with recurrent episodes. Functional imaging demonstrates that the anterior limbic network is overactivated and overresponsive in patients with bipolar disorder. In many patients, those deficits are often compensated for by activation of other brain areas. Ultimately, when the compensation fails, expression of bipolar symptoms arise. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, simple models can be constructed based on the hypothesis that mitochondrial function may be impaired in bipolar disorder. There is also increasing evidence that psychotropic medications can affect specific brain regions that are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Glutamate levels appear to be elevated in untreated patients with bipolar disorder, which may cause glutamatergic neurotoxicity and negative therapeutic implications. Further advances in brain imaging may contribute to the improvement of available therapies and the understanding which treatments will be most suitable for specific patients.
Development of oxidative coupling strategies for site-selective protein modification.

ConspectusAs the need to prepare ever more complex but well-defined materials has increased, a similar need for reliable synthetic strategies to access them has arisen. Accordingly, recent years have seen a steep increase in the development of reactions that can proceed under mild conditions, in aqueous environments, and with low concentrations of reactants. To enable the preparation of well-defined biomolecular materials with novel functional properties, our laboratory has a continuing interest in developing new bioconjugation reactions. A particular area of focus has been the development of oxidative reactions to perform rapid site- and chemoselective couplings of electron rich aromatic species with both unnatural and canonical amino acid residues.This Account details the evolution of oxidative coupling reactions in our laboratory, from initial concepts to highly efficient reactions, focusing on the practical aspects of performing and developing reactions of this type. We begin by discussing our rationa...
The tree property at the first and double successors of a singular

We show that given ω many supercompact cardinals and a weakly compact above them, there is a generic extension in which the tree property holds at the first and second successor of a strong limit singular cardinal.
Synthesis of C-4 Substituted Amido Nicotine Derivatives via Copper(I)- and (II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions.

The syntheses of seven novel amido nicotine derivatives 12–18 from (S)-nicotine are presented. (S)-Nicotine and (S)-6-chloronicotine derivatives were cross-coupled with the corresponding amides 6–10 at the C-4 position of the pyridine ring via copper(I)-mediated reactions. Derivatives 16–18 were also obtained via copper(II)-mediated reactions from (S)-nicotine containing a C-4 boronic acid pinacol ester group. The optimization of reaction conditions for both routes provided a useful method for preparing C-4 amide-containing nicotine analogs.
Missing data imputation for paired stream and air temperature sensor data

Stream water temperature is an important factor in determining the impact of climate change on hydrologic systems. Near continuous monitoring of air and stream temperatures over large spatial scales is possible due to inexpensive temperature recorders. However, missing water temperature data commonly occur due to the failure or loss of equipment. Missing data creates difficulties in modeling relationships between air and stream water temperatures. It also imposes challenges if the objective is an analysis, for example, clustering streams in terms of the effect of changes in water temperature. In this work, we propose to use a novel spatial–temporal varying coefficient model to impute missing water temperatures. Modeling the relationship between air and water temperature over time and space increases the effectiveness of imputing the missing water temperatures. A parameter estimation method is developed, which utilizes the temporal covariation in the relationship, borrows strength from neighboring stream sites, and is useful for imputing sequences of missing data. A simulation study is conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method in comparison with several existing imputation methods. The proposed method is applied to cluster streams with missing water temperatures into groups from 156 streams with meaningful interpretations.
Molecular Design: Network Architecture and Its Impact on the Organization and Mechanics of Peptide-Polyurea Hybrids

Nature has achieved controlled and tunable mechanics via hierarchical organization driven by physical and covalent interactions. Polymer–peptide hybrids have been designed to mimic natural materials utilizing these architectural strategies, obtaining diverse mechanical properties, stimuli responsiveness, and bioactivity. Here, utilizing a molecular design pathway, peptide–polyurea hybrid networks were synthesized to investigate the role of architecture and structural interplay on peptide hydrogen bonding, assembly, and mechanics. Networks formed from poly(β-benzyl-l-aspartate)–poly(dimethylsiloxane) copolymers covalently cross-linked with a triisocyanate yielded polyurea films with a globular-like morphology and parallel β-sheet secondary structures. The geometrical constraints imposed by the network led to an increase in peptide loading and ∼7x increase in Young’s modulus while maintaining extensibility (∼160%). Thus, the interplay of physical and chemical bonds allowed for the modulation of resulting me...
Abstract LB-286: The patient-derived xenograft mouse model dilemma; a new solution for an old problem

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models have become an essential tool for cancer research. Our laboratory was one of the first to develop patient derived xenografts of multiple lung cancer types and has used these models extensively for therapeutic analysis in vivo . We previously demonstrated that lung PDXs more closely recapitulate patterns of gene expression found in primary tumors while revealing that traditional cell line xenografts are genetically divergent from the tumor of origin, and thus may not accurately model human disease. One disadvantage of PDX mouse models is the admixture of human tumor cells with murine stroma during growth in vivo . This phenomenon has important implications on genomic sequencing including wasteful sequencing of mouse DNA and false positive mutation calls in reads that map to both the human and mouse reference genomes. Bioinformatic approaches to mapping human reads obtained in the context of admixed mouse DNA can be helpful, but insufficient in the context of xenograft tissue with significant stromal content. We therefore evaluated immunomagnetic approaches to tumor cell purification prior to next generation sequencing. We tested the Miltenyi mouse cell depletion kit (MCD), the STEMCELL technologies EasySep EpCam positive selection kit and the Miltenyi EpCam positive selection kit for their ability to purify human tumor cells from mouse stroma using a quantitative PCR and fragment analysis based approach, using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) as a gold standard for purity. In our hands, the Miltenyi MCD kit yielded consistently higher purity across a range of stromal contamination levels. Prior to purification, samples ranged from 20% to 95% human tissue composition and were consistently purified to greater than 93% purity after MCD. DNA from samples representing germline DNA, input, FACS sorted, or MCD depleted cell suspensions was then subjected to next generation sequencing by MSK-IMPACT, a targeted sequencing approach that enriches for exonic regions in 341 genes. All samples were sequenced to >800x average depth. Immunomagnetic depletion of mouse stromal cells resulted in identical mutation and copy number variation calls as FACS purified samples, while eliminating spurious false positive mutations caused by contaminating mouse DNA, demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique. The increasing use of PDX mouse models for the study of cancer calls for the development of tools that will ensure the data produced by these samples is of the best quality possible. This project describes a novel technique with far reaching applications. Citation Format: Valentina Schneeberger, John Poirier, Charles Rudin. The patient-derived xenograft mouse model dilemma; a new solution for an old problem. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-286. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-286
Expression of Inhibitor-of-Apoptosis Protein (IAP) Livin in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells.

Abstract Livin (ML-IAP, KIAP, BIRC7) is a recently identified member of the IAP family of anti-apoptosis proteins, and expression has been reported in melanoma, some types of carcinoma, and neuroblastoma. Additionally, we have detected expression of livin in leukemic cells from pediatric ALL cell lines and primary ALL cells. Livin was detected by RT-PCR in all 9 ALL lines tested, although expression varied markedly among lines: 3 of 9 lines showed strong expression of livin (equal to or greater than the melanoma line G361, which served as a positive control), while the remaining lines had a faint band. These livin-positive lines included both B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL, 7 lines) as well as T-ALL (2 lines). We confirmed livin protein expression (by immunoblot) in 3 lines with high levels of livin RNA (EU-1 and REH, BCP-ALL; and CCRF-CEM, T-ALL); two other lines (EU-3 and EU-4, BCP-ALL) with low levels of livin RNA showed much less protein expression. These results are similar to those we have previously reported for neuroblastoma, which also shows variability in expression of livin among different cell lines. Similarly, livin was detected in primary ALL cells from all four patients tested to date (including three BCP-ALL and a T-ALL case) at either diagnosis or relapse. Again, livin expression varied significantly among cases; one of the two cases with elevated livin was in relapse, while the other two cases (at diagnosis) showed only faint expression. Livin expression in normal bone marrow mononuclear cells was also low (relative to G361 cells and high-expressing ALL cells). When resistance to doxorubicin was compared for lines with elevated livin vs those with low livin expression, increased resistance was noted in the former lines. To further evaluate the effect of livin on drug resistance, EU-4/ALL cells with low endogenous livin were stably transfected with a livin expression plasmid. A significant increase in resistance to doxorubicin was noted for livin-transfected cells at concentrations above 1ug/ml in a 48 hr cytotoxicity assay. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated livin expression contributes to drug resistance in some cases of pediatric ALL. We are currently evaluating the mechanism by which elevated livin expression protects leukemic cells from doxorubicin.
Use of Double-Barrel Gore Excluder Bifurcated Endografts for Renal Artery Incorporation in an Urgent Endovascular Repair of a Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Total endovascular repair of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) in an urgent setting requires an advanced endovascular skill set and an innovative approach. We describe a novel technique of treating a symptomatic Crawford extent 4 TAAA with a combination of multilayered parallel endografting and double-barrel Gore Excluder bifurcated endografts to achieve complete aneurysm exclusion with visceral and bilateral renal artery incorporation. A 75-year-old male presented with a symptomatic 10 cm Crawford extent 4 TAAA. Severe medical comorbidities, including chronic obstructive lung disease and cardiac arrhythmia, as well as prior open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair made him high risk for an urgent re-do open repair. His previous open infrarenal aortic replacement created a short distance between the lowest renal artery and the flow divider of the aortic graft, which posed a challenge in using a bifurcated aortic endograft as a distal component of the previously described multilayered parallel endografting. Therefore, celiac and superior mesenteric arteries were treated with a multilayered parallel grafting configuration, whereas bilateral renal arteries were incorporated using side-by-side bifurcated modular stent grafts in double-barrel fashion. Contralateral gates served as cuffs for renal artery branch stent grafts, and ipsilateral limbs were deployed within the common iliac arteries. The patient recovered well and was discharged 3 days after repair. Follow-up imaging at 1 month demonstrated patent celiac, superior mesenteric, and bilateral renal artery flow, with no endoleak and stable aneurysm sac. The patient is doing well clinically 1 year after the operation.
Marijuana Regulation in the United States

Marijuana regulation in the United States is contradictory, decentralized, and rapidly changing. Although the production, distribution, and sale of marijuana remain illegal under federal law, an increasing number of states are authorizing the drug for medical and recreational purposes. This chapter describes the way marijuana regulation in the United States has evolved over the last 20 years and the constraints imposed on state regulatory frameworks by both the continuing federal prohibition of the drug and the complications of the federal system.
Testing the Association Between Traditional and Novel Indicators of County-Level Structural Racism and Birth Outcomes among Black and White Women

Despite decreases in infants born premature and at low birth weight in the United States (U.S.), racial disparities between Black and White women continue. In response, the purpose of this analysis was to examine associations between both traditional and novel indicators of county-level structural racism and birth outcomes among Black and White women. We merged individual-level data from the California Birth Statistical Master Files 2009–2013 with county-level data from the United States (U.S.) Census American Community Survey. We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine Black-White differences among 531,170 primiparous women across 33 California counties. Traditional (e.g., dissimilarity index) and novel indicators (e.g., Black to White ratio in elected office) were associated with earlier gestational age and lower birth weight among Black and White women. A traditional indicator was more strongly associated with earlier gestational age for Black women than for White women. This was the first study to empirically demonstrate that structural racism, measured by both traditional and novel indicators, is associated with poor health and wellbeing of infants born to Black and White women. However, findings indicate traditional indicators of structural racism, rather than novel indicators, better explain racial disparities in birth outcomes. Results also suggest the need to develop more innovative approaches to: (1) measure structural racism at the county-level and (2) reform public policies to increase integration and access to resources.
Protecting an automobile network using distributed firewall system

As the automobile industry continues to incorporate more technology into cars, the security of the "automobile network" portion of that technology is in need of tremendous improvement. The communications between the in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) systems and the essential safety systems (e.g., anti-lock brake systems) should remain secure. However, there are few to no security measures currently implemented in an automobile network. This implies that if an attacker could break into a modern vehicle's IVI system, they could possibly endanger drivers, passengers, and others. Any of the integral mechanisms of the vehicle connected to the IVI system could be open to vulnerabilities. To protect automobile networks from threats, we present a novel Hybrid Security System (HSS). The proposed HSS uses the distributed firewalls to filter malicious content (e.g., data packets) placed at each module and an electronic control unit (ECU). The HSS creates two layers of defense within an automobile network that allows flexibility for manufactures who want extra security for their cars without causing abandonment or redesigning their current security architectures. Our proposed HSS is unique from other existing solutions in that it operates on a universal platform that can reach across all automobile manufacturers.
PS2:31 Age and an autoantibody algorithm helps distinguish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from those with sjogren’s syndrome

Purpose Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) sometimes share common clinical features and can have similar autoantibody profiles. We evaluated a group of patients with each disease to determine which features distinguish each group. Methods Samples (n=1000) were identified based on the clinical ANA results obtained by EIA (BioRad). This testing was performed on the Triturus semi-automated platform (Grifols) in accordance with all the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were selected for this study to be distributed across the reportable range of the ANA EIA method (n=273 negative [ 5.9]. All samples selected for this study were subsequently analysed by multiplex assay (MIA) for specific autoantibodies. The MIA testing was performed on the BioPlex 2200 (BioRad). All samples were from adults age >18 years). Results Out of 1000 samples there were 227 patients with connective tissue disease including 67 with SLE and 42 with SS. We compared the SLE patients with those who had SS. The SLE patients were younger than those with SS. (Mean age 47.4 years, median 47, range 19–81 vs Mean age 56.5 years, median 59, range 19–76, P 0.001). There was no difference in sex distribution (82% female vs 86% female). Conclusions Somewhat surprisingly, the presence of anti-DsDna and anti-Smith antibodies was not the best way to separate the patients. The best combination of variables to distinguish SLE patients from those with SS was younger age, the presence of anti-chromatin antibodies and the absence of anti-SSA antibodies.
Rotating Detonations and Spinning Detonations: Similarities and Differences

Rotating Detonation Combustors are studied with increasing interest worldwide, and are seen as the most promising of the available pressure gain (stagnation) combustion concepts. The dynamics and s...
Review of synthetic approaches toward maoecrystal V

Synthetic approaches toward the complex natural product diterpenoid maoecrystal V are reviewed, including successful total syntheses, published synthetic efforts, and efforts compiled from dissertations. The review focuses on general synthetic strategies and chronicles efforts toward the molecule since its isolation in 2004, summarizing key contributions of these efforts to the broader synthetic community.
Regulation of platelet activation in vitro by the c-Mpl ligand, thrombopoietin

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a recently identified growth factor that regulates megakaryocytopoiesis. Its receptor, c-Mpl, is expressed in megakaryocyte progenitors, mature megakaryocytes, and human blood platelets. We have observed that TPO treatment of human platelets resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins, including the c-Mpl receptor and the 85-kD subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). TPO stimulated this tyrosine phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner, reaching a maximum in 5 minutes. The tyrosine phosphorylation of PI 3-K was dependent on the concentration of TPO and reached a maximum at concentrations between 50 and 100 ng/mL. This phosphorylation was independent of extracellular fibrinogen and ligation of the alpha IIb beta 3 integrin. In contrast, TPO, in the presence of exogenous fibrinogen, induced concentration-dependent platelet aggregation, which was blocked by the soluble c-Mpl receptor. Increasing TPO concentrations modulated the degree of the primary wave of aggregation and the lag phase, but not the slope or maximum of the secondary wave of aggregation. This secondary aggregation was controlled by the addition of apyrase, suggesting an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-dependent mechanism. Treatment of platelets with TPO resulted in augmented binding of 125I-fibrinogen to intact platelets, with a 50% effect (EC50) occurring between 5 and 10 ng/mL. TPO-induced binding of fibrinogen to platelets was comparable in degree with that observed by stimulation with 10 mumol/L ADP. In an immobilized collagen-platelet adhesion assay, a significant increase in the attachment of TPO-stimulated platelets was observed. This effect was dependent on the concentration of TPO. At 50 ng/mL of TPO, platelet attachment to collagen increased threefold compared with the buffer control. Furthermore, the presence of fibrinogen did not significantly alter TPO augmentation of the platelet-collagen interaction. This interaction was mediated by the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) adhesion recognition sequence, as it was completely abolished by 100 mumol/L of the RGDS peptide. A fraction of the TPO-dependent platelet attachment to a collagen-coated surface was insensitive to treatment with prostaglandin E1. Furthermore, antibody to alpha IIb integrin partially inhibited platelet attachment to collagen, suggesting that the integrin alpha IIb beta 3 participates in this association. These data indicate that TPO might function not only as a cytokine in megakaryocyte growth and differentiation, but may also participate in direct platelet activation and modulate platelet-extracellular matrix interactions.
Fully integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC conversion

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on fully integrated switched-capacitor for DC-DC conversion. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the special features of multicore processing chips; supply impedance and split planes; on-die voltage conversion; the deployment of switched capacitors; system design and network architecture; and system performance testing and evaluations.
Exercise Testing After Bypass or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery continues to be performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), especially those with symptomatic multi-vessel disease and diabetes. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not only used to treat patients with symptoms from CAD, but has also become the treatment of choice for patients with destabilized coronary plaque, whether they present with acute myocardial infarction (ST or non-ST elevation MI) or unstable angina. PCI is also being used for multi-vessel CAD. Consequently, clinicians now manage a larger number of patients who have undergone PCI. Whether the revascularization has been accomplished by CABG or PCI, primary care clinicians often have to decide if the result remains functional (i.e., graft or stent remains patent) and whether a test is needed to optimize prognosis. While certain clinicians always combine an imaging test with an exercise ECG test (ET) to evaluate these patients, other experts support the use of ET alone. This chapter explores the options for these patients.
Effects of increasing extracellular pH on protein synthesis and protein degradation in the perfused working rat heart

Increasing the extracellular pH over the range pH 7.4-8.9 stimulated protein synthesis by about 60% in the rat heart preparation anterogradely perfused in vitro. Protein degradation was inhibited by this pH increase. The magnitudes of the effects at pH 8.9 on protein synthesis and degradation were similar to those of high concentrations of insulin. Cardiac outputs were increased, as were cardiac phosphocreatine contents, indicating that the alterations in extracellular pH did not adversely affect the physiological viability of the preparation. ATP contents were unaltered. The creatine kinase equilibrium was used to assess the magnitude of the change in intracellular pH induced by these treatments. The increase in intracellular pH was about 0.2 for a 1-unit increase in extracellular pH. Thus small changes in intracellular pH have dramatic effects on cardiac protein turnover.
Sintered electrospun polycaprolactone for controlled model drug delivery

Abstract Electrospinning has been used widely for drug delivery applications due to its versatility and ease of modification of spun fiber properties. Net drug loading and release is typically limited by the inherent surface-area of the sample. In a relatively novel approach, sintering of electrospun fiber was used to create a capsule favoring long-term delivery. We showed that electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) retained its initial morphology out to 1042 days of in vitro exposure, illustrating its potential for extended performance. Sintering decreased the electrospun pore size by 10- and 28-fold following 56 and 57 °C exposures, respectively. At 58 and 59 °C, the PCL capsules lost all apparent surface porosity, but entrapped pores were observed in the 58 °C cross-section. The use of Rhodamine B (RhB, 479.02 g mol−1), Rose Bengal (RB, 1017.64 g mol−1) and albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate from bovine serum (BSA-FITC, ~66,000 g mol−1) as model compounds demonstrated that release (RhB > RB ≫ BSA-FITC) is controlled both by molecular weight and available porosity. Interestingly, the ranking of release following sintering was 57 > 56 > 59 > 58 °C; COMSOL simulations explored the effects of capsule wall thickness and porosity on release rate. It was hypothesized that model drug adsorption on the available fiber surface-area (57 versus 56 °C) and entrapped porosity (59 versus 58 °C) could have also attributed to the observed ranking of release rates. While the 56 and 57 °C exposures allowed the bulk of the release to occur in
Outcomes of Grade III Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries Treated Concurrently With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose To evaluate differences in repair and nonoperatively managed grade III medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods Patients enrolled in a multicenter prospective longitudinal group who underwent unilateral primary ACL reconstruction between 2002 and 2008 were evaluated. Patients with concomitant grade III MCL injuries treated either operatively or nonoperatively were identified. Concurrent injuries, subsequent surgeries, surgical chronicity, and MCL tear location were analyzed. Patient-reported outcomes were measured at time of ACL reconstruction and 2-year follow-up. Results Initially, 3,028 patients were identified to have undergone primary ACL reconstruction during the time frame; 2,586 patients completed 2-year follow-up (85%). Grade III MCL tears were documented in 1.1% (27 of 2,586): 16 operatively managed patients and 11 nonoperatively treated MCLs during ACL reconstruction. The baseline Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee scores were lower in patients who underwent operative MCL treatment. Reoperation rates for arthrofibrosis were 19% after repair and 9% after conservative management (P = .48). At 2 years, both groups significantly improved; however, the nonoperative MCL group maintained superior patient-reported outcomes in terms of minimal clinically important differences, but these differences did not reach statistical significance (KOOS sports/recreation [88.2 vs 74.4, P = .10], KOOS knee-related quality of life [81.3 vs 68.4, P = .13], and International Knee Documentation Committee [87.6 vs 76.0, P = .14]). Tibial-sided MCL injuries were associated with clinically inferior baseline scores compared with femoral-sided MCL (KOOS knee-related quality of life, 34.4 vs 18.5, P = .09), but these differences resolved by 2 years. Surgical chronicity did not influence 2-year outcome. Conclusions Both operative and nonoperative management of MCL tears in our patient group demonstrated clinical improvements between study enrollment and 2-year follow-up. MCL surgery during ACL reconstruction was assigned to patients with worse symptoms at enrollment and was associated with worse outcomes at 2 years. A subset of patients with severe combined ACL and medial knee injuries may benefit from operative management; however, that population has yet to be defined. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort.
Deep Learning for Optimized Wireless Transmission to Multiple RF Energy Harvesters

A multi-antenna wireless transmitter communicates with its information receiver while beaming the radiated power to multiple nearby radio-frequency energy harvesters. The transmitter knows the channel to the information receiver but not the ones to the energy harvesters. By designing its transmit covariance matrix, the transmitter maximizes the minimum harvested power among the multiple energy harvesters while maintaining the information rate toward the receiver. To achieve this, we introduce a simplified channel vector from the transmitter toward the energy harvester. It can be estimated through particular transmissions and very limited feedback from the energy harvester to the transmitter. Once the transmitter obtains the simplified channel vectors, it can find the optimal transmit power allocation. To avoid high computational complexity, we propose a method to find the optimal power allocation with a deep neural network instead of solving a convex optimization problem. The simplified channel vectors are the input to the deep neural network. The neural network is trained offline with a large number of simulated data. Simulation results validate the method and show its superior performance compared with the convex optimization approach.
Laparoscopic Removal of Angelchik Prosthesis Followed by Interval Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Introduction. The Angelchik prosthesis (AP) is a historic antireflux device which consists of a C-shaped silicone ring placed around the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and secured by Dacron tape. We present a rare experience with an AP and its impact on bariatric surgical outcomes. Case. Our patient is a 66-year-old woman who had an open antireflux procedure with an AP in 1987. She presented to a bariatric clinic for consideration of bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity and associated comorbidities. She also reported significant problems with reflux and dysphagia. After an appropriate work-up, an AP was identified at her GEJ. She was taken to the operating room for laparoscopic removal with planned interval laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Intraoperatively, the AP was identified around the GEJ; after extensive adhesiolysis, the prosthesis was removed. Postoperatively, in order to determine if the AP had caused any lasting esophageal motility problems, the patient underwent a high-resolution esophageal manometry which demonstrated normal esophageal motility. Interval laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed safely 9 weeks later. Conclusion. Although rarely used, it is still possible to encounter an Angelchik prosthesis in practice. General and bariatric surgeons need to be aware of this rare device and understand how to manage its related complications.
It’s All in the Argument: Euripides’ Agōnes and Deliberative Democracy

Deliberative democratic theorists often trace their idea that vigorous democracies rely on open deliberation to ancient Athenian democracy. Furthermore, deliberative theorists claim that equal, inc...
Cooperative Extension Gets Moving, but How? Exploration of Extension Health Educators' Sources and Channels for Information-Seeking Practices.

Purpose:The Cooperative Extension System (Extension) has implemented concerted efforts toward health promotion in communities across the nation by acting as an intermediary between communities and ...
Reproductive physiology of swine

Abstract This chapter provides a basic understanding of reproductive physiology and endocrinology of the pig. It begins by providing background of the reproductive anatomy of male and female pigs and followed by developing a fundamental knowledge of spermatogenesis and fertility in the boar, and follicle development, the estrous cycle, fertilization, conceptus development, maternal recognition of pregnancy, parturition and lactation in the sow. Spermatogenesis and sperm quality in boars, as well as the endocrinology of the estrous cycle, early elongation of conceptus trophectoderm and attachment of trophectoderm to the uterine surface for epitheliochorial placentation of pig and the importance of colostrum during lactation are specifically described and illustrated.
The Intersection between Systems Change, Implementation Science, and Human Beings: A Call to Investigate People and Context in Future Systems-Level Consultation Research

Systems-level consultation and implementation science research has resulted in increased understanding of how to facilitate large-scale use of evidence-based practices. This article aims to build u...
Geographic and socioeconomic considerations for glioblastoma treatment in the elderly at a national level: a US perspective

Background Treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) in elderly (age > 65 years) patients can be affected by multiple geographic and socioeconomic parameters. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to determine trends in treatment of elderly GBM patients in the United States. Methods All GBM patients in the U.S. National Cancer Database between 2005 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Status of treatment by triple therapy (resection, chemotherapy, and radiation) were summarized and analyzed by U.S. Census region. Results There were 44 338 GBM patients included, with 21 573 (49%) elderly and 22 765 (51%) nonelderly patients with median ages 72 years (range, 65-90 years) and 47 years (range, 40-64 years), respectively. Compared to nonelderly patients, elderly patients had significantly lower odds of being treated by triple therapy (odds ratio, OR = 0.54) as a whole, and its individual elements of resection (OR = 0.78), chemotherapy (OR = 0.46), radiation therapy (OR = 0.52). This was reflected in each U.S. Census region, with the lowest odds of being treated with triple therapy, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in New England (OR = 0.51) Mountain (OR = 0.66), West North Central (OR = 0.38), and the Middle Atlantic (OR = 0.44), respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed multiple socioeconomic parameters that significantly predicted lower odds of triple therapy in the elderly. Conclusions In the United States alone, there exists geographic disparity in the treatment outcomes of elderly GBM patients. Multiple socioeconomic parameters can influence access to treatment modalities for elderly patients compared to younger patients in different geographic regions, and public health initiatives targeting these aspects may prove beneficial conceptually to optimize and homogenize clinical outcomes.
Neoprene Knee Sleeves of Varying Tightness Augment Barbell Squat One Repetition Maximum Performance Without Improving Other Indices of Muscular Strength, Power, or Endurance.

ABSTRACT Machek, SB, Cardaci, TD, Wilburn, DT, Cholewinski, MC, Latt, SL, Harris, DR, and Willoughby, DS. Neoprene knee sleeves of varying tightness augment barbell squat one repetition maximum performance without improving other indices of muscular strength, power, or endurance. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S6-S15, 2021-Neoprene knee sleeves are commonly used by powerlifters and recreational users but are heavily under-researched. Furthermore, no data exist on whether knee sleeves of varying compressive tightness impact muscular performance similar to commonly used knee wraps, which are both generally effective and more so when increasingly constrictive. Fifteen resistance trained, knee sleeve naive, recreational weight lifting men (22.1 ± 4.1 years; 177.5 ± 5.9 cm; 87.8 ± 7.8 kg) visited the laboratory on 3 separate occasions one week apart, assigned in a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced fashion to either a minimally supportive control sleeve (CS) condition, a manufacturer-recommended sizing neoprene knee sleeve ("normal" sleeve; NS), or a one size smaller (than NS) neoprene knee sleeve (tighter sleeve [TS]). On each visit, subjects sequentially completed vertical jump (countermovement and squat jumps for both peak and mean power), one repetition maximum (1RM) barbell squat, and GymAware assessments (peak power, peak velocity, and dip) at 90% (reported) and 100% (tested) 1RM as well as one-leg extension (1RM, repetitions to failure, and total volume load at 75% 1RM) tests. All data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance at p < 0.05. Analysis revealed a significant condition effect on barbell squat 1RM (p = 0.003; η2 = 0.339), whereby both NS (p = 0.044; 166 ± 24 kg) and TS (p = 0.019; 166 ± 21 kg) outperformed CS (161 ± 22 kg), with no difference between neoprene sleeves. Conversely, no other tested parameters differed between knee sleeve conditions (p ≥ 0.05). The present results demonstrate that neoprene knee sleeves may function independent of tightness, relative to recommended sizing and ultimately unlike knee wraps. Furthermore, the singular benefits observed on barbell squat maximal strength potentially suggests an exercise-specific benefit yet to be fully elucidated.
The Long History of Child Saving as Nation Building in the USA: An Argument for Privileging Children’s Perspectives on Recovery

Using the recent situation at the USA–Mexico border as a launching point, this chapter traces a long history in which governmental authority deployed in the name of child rescue has inflicted harms equivalent to those we now associate largely with human trafficking. The logic behind these harmful “rescues” has been propped upon a legal and cultural investment in childhood innocence that renders children’s perspectives irrelevant to determining what interventions are required to help them. By examining the resilience of enslaved and trafficked children in the past, this chapter adds historical evidence to the emerging argument in social science and humanities scholarship that advocates for child-centered advocacy and support. In addition to evidence that child-centered focus has clinical efficacy, such a practice, if thoroughly embraced, opens a space for furthering children’s rights in ways that would help ameliorate their political and legal vulnerabilities.
The Global Economy and Democracy: The Tuna-Dolphin Controversy Revisited

The paper investigates the limits and possibilities of democracy in the context of the globalization of the economy and society. Employing the case of the tuna-dolphin controversy, it is argued that though democratic spaces are available, the boundaries of discourses on democracy are shrinking. The movement which was able to establish legislation and procedures which prevented corporate exploitation of the environment is now divided, and existing pro-environment legislation is under attack. Indeed, TNCs have been able to establish a hegemonic project which drew support from segments of the environmental and labor movements. The paper reviews recent events which testify to the erosion of pro-environmental discourses and the shifting of alliances and solidarities around pro-TNC projects. The paper concludes with an analysis of the implications that these recent events have in regard to democracy in contemporary global capitalism. In particular, it is maintained that despite the powerful position of TNCs, they are still subject to contradictions and vulnerabilities which can be exploited by alternative movements.
A 50 Gbps 134 GHz 16 QAM 3 m Dielectric Waveguide Transceiver System Implemented in 22nm CMOS

A 134 GHz 16 QAM fully-packaged transceiver system for dielectric waveguides with >12 GHz of RF bandwidth built in 22nm CMOS achieves a measured EVM of -19.8 dB (~5x10-6 BER) at a reach of 3 meters at a 50 Gbps data rate at a total power consumption of 494 mW from a 1.0 V supply. It achieves a FoM of 3.3 pJ/bit/m with the highest reported data rate at a distance greater than 2 m to date.
The Complex Genetic Basis and Multilayered Regulatory Control of Yeast Pseudohyphal Growth.

Eukaryotic cells are exquisitely responsive to external and internal cues, achieving precise control of seemingly diverse growth processes through a complex interplay of regulatory mechanisms. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a fascinating model of cell growth in its stress-responsive transition from planktonic single cells to a filamentous pseudohyphal growth form. During pseudohyphal growth, yeast cells undergo changes in morphology, polarity, and adhesion to form extended and invasive multicellular filaments. This pseudohyphal transition has been studied extensively as a model of conserved signaling pathways regulating cell growth and for its relevance in understanding the pathogenicity of the related opportunistic fungus Candida albicans, wherein filamentous growth is required for virulence. This review highlights the broad gene set enabling yeast pseudohyphal growth, signaling pathways that regulate this process, the role and regulation of proteins conferring cell adhesion, and interesting regulatory mechanisms enabling the pseudohyphal transition. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 55 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.