cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fragrance material review on 1-(para-menthen-6-yl)-1-propanone.

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-(para-Menthen-6-yl)-1-propanone when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 1-(para-Menthen-6-yl)-1-propanone is a member of the fragrance structural group Alkyl Cyclic Ketones. These fragrances can be described as being composed of an alkyl, R1, and various substituted and bicyclic saturated or unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, R2, in which one of the rings may include up to 12 carbons. Alternatively, R2 may be a carbon bridge of C2–C4 carbon chain length between the ketone and cyclic hydrocarbon. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for 1-(para-Menthen-6-yl)-1-propanone were evaluated then summarized and includes physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, and skin sensitization, data. A safety assessment of the entire Alkyl Cyclic Ketones will be published simultaneously with this document; please refer to Belsito et al. (2013) [Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2013 A Toxicologic and Dermatologic Assessment of Alkyl Cyclic Ketones When Used as Fragrance Ingredients. Submitted with this manuscript.] for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all Alkyl Cyclic Ketones in fragrances.
Chronic antral ulcer associated with gastroduodenal lymphocytic phlebitis

Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis (ELP) is a rare cause of gastrointestinal ischemia. Unlike most vasculitic diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract, ELP involves only the mural and mesenteric veins, which are surrounded by a lymphocytic and sometimes granulomatous infiltrate. The mesenteric arterial system and the systemic vasculature are characteristically spared. Most patients with ELP present with an acute abdomen that resolves following surgical resection of the involved bowel. ELP has been reported to involve the small bowel, colon, or both, but involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract has not been previously described. Here we report a case of lymphocytic phlebitis that affected only the stomach and duodenum. The patient, a 68-year-old man, had a nonhealing gastric antral ulcer and underwent hemigastrectomy with vagotomy and Billroth II reconstruction. Both the resected stomach and duodenum showed characteristic lymphocytic and granulomatous infiltrates that involved the submucosal and mural veins, with associated obliteration of vascular lumina; the adjacent arteries were completely spared. The patient developed late postoperative complications including bile reflux gastritis and erosive esophagitis, but he had no recurrence of gastrointestinal ulceration or ischemia over a 2-year follow-up. We hypothesize that there may be more cases of upper gastrointestinal ELP than are diagnosed as such, in part because the diagnosis can be made only on surgical resections specimens.
The genomic organization of human angiotensin II type 1 receptor

Abstract As a step toward the elucidation of human Ang II type 1 receptor gene expression, the genomic organization of the human AT 1 receptor was investigated. Comparison of the genomic DNA and cDNA sequences revealed that it consists of at least five exons. The length of the AT 1 receptor gene is greater than 55 kb, and the size of the exons ranges from 59 to 2,014 base pairs. Four of the exons encoded 5′-untranslated sequences. Multiple transcription initiation sites were observed by primer extension experiment. The promoter function was examined by using luciferase as a report gene in transfected human vascular smooth muscle cells.
Both Gi and Go Heterotrimeric G Proteins Are Required to Exert the Full Effect of Norepinephrine on the β-Cell KATP Channel

The effects of norepinephrine (NE), an inhibitor of insulin secretion, were examined on membrane potential and the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) in INS 832/13 cells. Membrane potential was monitored under the whole cell current clamp mode. NE hyperpolarized the cell membrane, an effect that was abolished by tolbutamide. The effect of NE on KATP channels was investigated in parallel using outside-out single channel recording. This revealed that NE enhanced the open activities of the KATP channels ∼2-fold without changing the single channel conductance, demonstrating that NE-induced hyperpolarization was mediated by activation of the KATP channels. The NE effect was abolished in cells preincubated with pertussis toxin, indicating coupling to heterotrimeric Gi/Go proteins. To identify the G proteins involved, antisera raised against α and β subunits (anti-Gαcommon, anti-Gβ, anti-Gαi1/2/3, and anti-Gαo) were used. Anti-Gαcommon totally blocked the effects of NE on membrane potential and KATP channels. Individually, anti-Gαi1/2/3 and anti-Gαo only partially inhibited the action of NE on KATP channels. However, the combination of both completely eliminated the action. Antibodies against Gβ had no effects. To confirm these results and to further identify the G protein subunits involved, the blocking effects of peptides containing the sequence of 11 amino acids at the C termini of the α subunits were used. The data obtained were similar to those derived from the antibody work with the additional information that Gαi3 and Gαo1 were not involved. In conclusion, both Gi and Go proteins are required for the full effect of norepinephrine to activate the KATP channel.
Weaving a Stronger Food-Assistance Net

Anthropologists have been engaging in active or participatory research agendas to an increasing degree in recent years, a trend that is well documented in Practicing Anthropology and a wide variety of venues ranging from Human Organization to Anthropology and Education Quarterly to PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review. These research agendas involve partnerships between academic researchers and community-based groups. The partners work together to design and implement studies addressing specific concerns of the wider community in which the partner and, generally, the academics' institution are embedded. At their best community-based, collaborative research partnerships result in strong, well-targeted studies that directly contribute to the effectiveness or success of some local program or service. More broadly these partnerships also contribute to the well-being of the community in many ways, including enhanced ‘town-gown’ relationships.
Dispersion compensation with optical materials for compression of intense sub-100-fs mid-infrared pulses

We report on the generation of essentially transform-limited mid-infrared pulses as short as 75 fs centered at 5 µm with 6 µJ of energy. Infrared materials with group-velocity dispersion values of opposite sign are used in combination to null second-order dispersion and compress the mid-infrared pulses.
Carotid atherosclerosis and 10-year changes in cognitive function.

Background Carotid atherosclerosis has been suggested to be involved in cognitive decline.
Considerations for the design of an epipelagic biomimetic electrostatic imaging element

We discuss the development and design of a Biomimetic Electrostatic Imaging (BEI) element for use in a future multichannel imaging instrument. Inspiration for electrostatic sensing is provided by the diverse species of fish that use passive and induced electric fields for hunting, defense, localization, and communication. Designing an electrostatic sensor is not without its challenges. Hardware filter and amplifier design are analyzed since the high impedance signals require high gain and steps must be taken to minimize noise, maximizing signal to noise ratio.
Evaluation of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale in Mothers of Infants

One of the most frequently used measures to assess parents’ assessment of their parenting ability is the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Scale. However, there is limited psychometric evaluation of the measure with samples of mothers of infants. This paper examines the psychometric properties of the PSOC in a heterogeneous sample of mothers of infants between the ages of 2 and 12 months of age. To capture a diverse sample, data were obtained from two studies of mothers of infants. All participants (n = 218) completed the 17-item PSOC at one time point during the postpartum period along with information about maternal age and education. Additional measures for the purpose of examining convergent validity assessed mothers’ self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and social support. The characteristics of the mothers differed significantly between the two subsamples except for their PSOC scores. Despite these differences, within each subsample the PSOC total and subscale scores were internally consistent and significantly, moderately correlated with the three psychosocial measures confirming the PSOC’s construct validity when administered to mothers of infants. Future studies should continue to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PSOC with varied samples of mothers as well as fathers.
Determination of Surface Area Using Profile Recordings

Abstract INTRODUCTION CALCULATIONS of surface area of irregularly or asymmetrically shaped objects may involve complex measuring methods or mathematical computations. In those structures exhibiting symmetry, the procedure may be less complicated; for example, the total surface of a parallelepiped is equal to the summation of the areas of its sides. On the other hand, the surface area of objects has been reckoned using adhesive tape, weights of peelings, or by considering the surface as a function of the two-thirds power of the weight (Mueller and Scott, 1940). The surface area of avian eggs has been estimated in similar ways (Dunn and Schneider, 1923; Murray, 1925; Marshall and Cruickshank, 1938; and Romanoff and Romanoff, 1949), but the most useful and accurate methods have been based on the volume (Romanoff and Romanoff, 1949). However, if the object forms a surface of revolution, like an egg shell, it is possible to perform these measurements utilizing . . .
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer in the Ground and Lowest Excited Singlet States of the Ethyl Esters of 1- and 2-naphthoic Acid

Abstract The absorption spectra of ethyl 1-naphthoate in hexane and in water demonstrate normal dependences upon solvent hydrogen bonding and polarity properties while the absorption spectra of 1-naphthoic acid do not. This is attributed to inhibition of conjugation by steric interference between the carbethoxy group of the ester or the hydrated carboxyl group of the acid and the peri-hydrogen atom of the naphthalene ring in the 5-position, in the ground electronic state. The anomalous fluorimetric titration characteristics of the 1- and 2- naphthoic esters and of 1-naphthoic acid are attributed to hydrogen bonded exciplex formation in the lowest excited singlet state. In a recent study of the solvent and acidity dependences of the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of 1- and 2-naphthoic acid (1) several phenomena were observed which were rather unusual and whose explanations were beyond the scope of the previous study. Among these were 1) the red shift of the absorption spectra upon going fro...
The relationships of Anolis of the roquet species group (sauria: iguanidae)—I. Electrophoretic comparison of blood proteins

1. 1. The Lesser Antillean Anolis lizards of the roquet species group are defined as a natural group by the electrophoretic mobility of their lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes. This correlates with classical morphological studies. 2. 2. A combination of hemoglobin and transferrin differences allows us to identify all eight forms in the species group. A comparison of albumins and esterases allows us to establish probable degrees of relationship among the species and subspecies. 3. 3. Among the eight forms there are seven different transferrin patterns consisting of either single, double or triple bands. 4. 4. On the basis of blood proteins, we recognize six full species in the roquet group. All six have unique hemoglobins. 5. 5. Two species in the group appear to be recent arrivals on the continental island of Trinidad, having reached there from the Lesser Antilles. Where the two meet they hybridize. Hybrids show the hemoglobins of both parental species.
Strontium-90 in the soils of the New York City area.

As a result of nuclear tests through 1958, which probably introduced about 5 megacuries of Sr/sup 90/ into the stratosphere, the deposit in the New York City area reached a maximum of about 70 mC/sq. mile in the summer of 1961. In the New York City area, the ratio of soluble to insoluble Sr/sup 90/ is about 10: 1. The Sr/sup 90/ concentration decreases exponentially with depth in the soil so that in average soil 70 to 75% of the Sr/sup 90/ is in the upper 2 in. and 90 to 99% is in the upper 6 in. There is no evidence for significant vertical movement of the Sr/sup 90/ after initial deposition over a period of 8 yr. (P.C.H.)
Seasonal variation in leaf chemistry of the coast live oak Quercus agrifolia and implications for the California oak moth Phryganidia californica

The perennial foliage of the California coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) permits herbivores to feed on this oak species throughout the year. Patterns of herbivory for a two-year period on Q. agrifolia were observed in relation to seasonal and age-related changes in the nutritional and defensive characteristics of leaves. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents were higher in new leaves compared to mature foliage. Structural compounds (e.g., cellulose) in leaves rapidly increased with age. Concentrations of tatal phenolics (Folin-Denis) and astringency were higher in new foliage, and concentrations of condensed tannins gradually increased as the leaves matured. Peaks of herbivore damage were observed in June and in September–October, and were caused by outbreaks of the California oak moth (Phryganidia californica). P. californica, a bivoltine oak specialist, exhibited feeding preferences in June for old leaves over emerging leaves, and showed no preferences for leaf classes in September. These results suggest that P. californica is adapted to survive on nutritionally poor foliage and to circumvent “quantitative defenses” such as condensed tannins.
Derivatives of nordehydroabietane from pine bark

Abstract 18- And 19-norabieta-8,11,13-trien-4-ol and 18-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one have been isolated from jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and their constitution confirmed by synthesis. Three 19-norabietatetraenes have been detected in western white pine ( Pinus monticola Dougl.).
A comparative study of rodent ultrasonic vocalizations during copulation.

The temporal patterning of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during copulation was recorded for male—female pairs of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus campbelli), prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), and montane voles (Microtus montanus). Each species appears to utilize a single major frequency band for USVs, centered around 31 kHz for the vole species and 71 kHz for hamsters. Djungarian hamsters exhibited low rates of USVs prior to introduction of the female and following ejaculation, but a high USV rate during periods of copulatory activity. Both vole species called at high rates during all stages of the copulatory sequence, although calling rates decreased following ejaculation. Anesthetization trials, where one pair member was awake and the other anesthesized, suggest that it is the male of each species that produces most USVs. The results were compared with six other muroid species for which data on the temporal patterning of USVs during copulation are available. These data extend our knowledge of the patterning of USVs during copulatory behavior and suggest the need for additional comparative investigations.
Acoustic Correlates of Perceived versus Actual Sexual Orientation in Men’s Speech

The purpose of this study was to explore possible differences in the speech patterns of gay and straight men, both as a function of perceived and actual sexual orientation. Tape recordings of monologu
Water supply regulates structure, productivity, and water use efficiency of Acacia koa forest in Hawaii

We studied changes in stand structure, productivity, canopy development, growth efficiency, and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE=photosynthesis/stomatal conductance) of the native tree koa (Acacia koa) across a gradient of decreasing rainfall (2600–700 mm) with increasing elevation (700–2000 m) on the island of Hawaii. The stands were located on organic soils on either smooth (pahoehoe) or rough (aa) lava flows. In the greenhouse, we also examined growth and WUE responses to different water regimes of koa seedlings grown from seeds collected in the study area. We tested the hypotheses that (1) stand basal area, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), leaf area index (LAI), and growth per unit leaf area decreased with decreasing rainfall, (2) WUE increased with decreasing rainfall or water supply, and (3) WUE responses were caused by stomatal limitation rather than by nutrient limitations to photosynthesis. The carbon isotope composition of phyllode tissues (δ13C) was examined as an integrated measure of WUE. Basal area and LAI of koa stands on both pahoehoe and aa lava flows, and ANPP on aa lava flows decreased with elevation. Basal area, LAI, and ANPP of koa in mixed stands with the exotic tropical ash (Fraxinus udhei) were lower compared to single-species koa stands at similar elevations. Along the gradient, phyllode δ13C (and therefore WUE) increased with elevation from –30.2 to –26.8‰. Koa in mixed stands exhibited higher (less negative) δ13C than in single-species stands suggesting that koa and tropical ash competed for water. In the greenhouse, we observed the same trend observed in the field, as phyllode δ13C increased from –27.7 to –24‰ as water supply decreased. Instantaneous gas exchange measurements in the greenhouse showed an inverse correlation of both maximum (morning) photosynthesis (A) and conductance (g) with δ13C values and, also, a good agreement between instantaneous (A/g) and integrated measures of WUE. Phyllode δ13C was not correlated with foliar concentrations of N or other nutrients in either the field or the greenhouse, indicating that differences in δ13C were caused by stomatal limitation rather than by nutrient-related changes in photosynthetic capacity. This study provided evidence that long-term structural and growth adjustments as well as changes in WUE are important mechanisms of koa response to water limitation.
Silent myocardial ischemia and cardiovascular responses to anger provocation in older adults.

To determine if older, asymptomatic individuals with no prior history of coronary heart disease with exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia (SI) during graded exercise treadmill testing exhibit exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to anger provocation, we compared 42 SI participants and 95 controls. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) changes from baseline to three tasks & #x2014;anger recall, speech role-play, and mental arithmetic with harassment & #x2014;were assessed. Compared to controls, SI displayed greater HR responses for the speech role-play task only. The SI group was significantly older, had higher levels of fasting glucose and triglycerides, and had lower HDL-cholesterol. In multiple regression analyses, after controlling for these differences, SI was significantly associated with greater HR responses to the speech role-play. In sum, the SI group had significantly exaggerated HR responses to the speech role-play task, whereas SBP and DBP reactivity were comparable between groups. This suggests minimally enhanced cardiovascular reactivity among older SI patients that may nonetheless increase risk for cardiac events.
Interaction of Si and Al during interdiffusion in Ni-Al-Si alloys

Binary and ternary Ni-base alloys are often used as model alloys to study phenomena that occur in complex, multi-component Ni-base superalloys. Ni-Si, Ni-Al, Ni-Al-Mo, Ni-Cr-Si, Ni-Al-Ti and more recently Ni-Al-Si systems have been used to study coarsening of {gamma}{prime} L1{sub 2}-type precipitates in Ni-base alloys. One material parameter that is required to comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions is the interdiffusion coefficient in the case of binary system and the matrix of interdiffusion coefficients in the case of ternary systems. Although some data are available for binary systems, very little information is available on diffusivities in the ternary systems. The current study was specifically initiated to obtain diffusion data in the {gamma}-phase (ternary solid solution Ni(Al, Si)) in the Ni-Al-Si system and to compare this with the diffusion data obtained from the individual binary systems. The interdiffusion coefficients obtained from the binary systems were compared to the effective interdiffusion coefficients obtained in the ternary systems. To facilitate the comparison, the interdiffusion coefficients in the ternary system were obtained along a constant Ni-line in the isotherm and hence only the relative amounts of Si and Al varied along the diffusion path.
Infragravity-Frequency (0.005–0.05 Hz) Motions on the Shelf. Part I: Forced Waves

Abstract In Part I, the energy levels of ocean surface waves at infragravity frequencies (nominally 0.005–0.05 Hz) locally forced by swell in 13-m water depth were shown to be predicted accurately by second-order nonlinear wave theory. However, forced infragravity waves were consistently much less energetic than free infragravity waves. Here, in Part II, observations in depths between 8 and 204 m, on Atlantic and Pacific shelves, are used to investigate the sources and variability of free infragravity wave energy. Both free and forced infragravity energy levels generally increase with increasing swell energy and decreasing water depth, but their dependencies are markedly different. Although free waves usually dominate the infragravity frequency band, forced waves contribute a significant fraction of the total infragravity energy with high energy swell and/or in very shallow water. The observed h−1 variation of free infragravity energy with increasing water depth h is stronger than the h−1/2 dependence pre...
Directional diffusion in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a possible in vivo signature of Wallerian degeneration.

Purpose To examine the role of directional dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficients in the evaluation of normal-appearing brain regions of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods The role of diffusion tensor eigenvalues was investigated in the normal-appearing brain regions for 18 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 15 age-matched normal controls. Results The isotropic apparent diffusion was increased in all regions. However, reduced anisotropy was significant only in regions with high anisotropy, including the corpus callosum and the internal capsule, and was due to increased diffusion tensor eigenvalues corresponding to diffusion transverse to the fibers without significant increase along the fibers. This characteristic pattern of changes in diffusion tensor eigenvalues has been observed previously in cases of Wallerian degeneration. Low-anisotropy regions corresponded to gray matter and gray/white interface regions. Since fiber tract orientations are not determined for regions of low anisotropy, this characteristic pattern of diffusion change is not detectable in these regions. Conclusion Examination of diffusion tensor eigenvectors may provide insight into the changes observed in diffusion and a signature of Wallerian degeneration in the normal-appearing white matter of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:420–426. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Review of Pattern Recognition in Medical Diagnosis and Consulting Relative to a New System Model

A review of pattern recognition applied to medical diagnosis and consulting is presented. Papers (127?references) are evaluated with respect to a new medical system model incorporating concepts of consulting and decision making, the latter based on a Bayesean approach incorporating problem knowledge. This model introduces the consultant as an essential component of the decision system. The model is that of a system with subsystems. A subsystem contains a set of classes, and each class has a class-feature relationship. Features (defined as functions of measurements), complex features, and class-feature relationships provide for introducing a priori medical knowledge and dimensionality reduction. Special features such as significant features, rule-in or rule-out features, and time-dependent features, and special classes such as subclasses and intermediate classes are introduced. Etiology, a method of tracing from one subsystem to another subsystem, also is part of the system. With respect to this model, papers in numerous application areas are reviewed. No single paper fulfills many of the system's properties, and this may be why there are very few, if any, of the results described in these papers being used in health care delivery. Part of the paper is a complementary literature review of 127 papers on computer assisted medical diagnosis and consulting.
Frederick E. Terman [Scanning the Past]

Sixty-five years ago this month, the Proceedings of the Institue of Radio Engineers (IRE) included a paper by Frederick E. Terman of Stanford University concerning the information-handling capacity of the radio spectrum. At the time, he was in the early stages of a career which would gain him recognition as one of the most influential electrical engineering educators of the 20th century. He was to play a key role in the emergence of Stanford as a center of graduate education and research and as a seedbed for firms such as Hewlett-Packard and Varian Associates. This article recounts the life and professional achievements of Mr. Terman. He served as Chairman of the IEEE History Committee during the early 1970's and helped lay the groundwork for the creation of the IEEE Center for the History of Electrical Engineering. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1976. He died in December 1982 at age 82.
Tungsten source integrated cavity output spectroscopy for the determination of ambient atmospheric extinction coefficient

Broadband integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) utilizing an incoherent tungsten lamp as a spectroscopic source is described. This novel approach has been termed W-ICOS. The technique has been applied to make quantitative measurements of Rayleigh scattering by carbon dioxide between 570 and 590 nm and to make measurements of aerosol and atmospheric extinction. Minimum detectable extinction coefficients (kext) made in a 94 cm optical cavity ranged between 3.4 and 35 Mm-1 depending on the level of signal averaging employed. The level of sensitivity achieved should allow measurements on static gas samples and regular, quantitative measurements of the atmospheric extinction coefficient.
Rat mesangial cell hypertrophy in response to transforming growth factor-β1

Rat mesangial cell hypertrophy in response to transforming growth factor-β1. Central features of progressive glomerular sclerosis are initial glomerular hypertrophy and subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Since TGF-β1 may play a key role in this glomerular response to injury, the present study sought to explore further TGF-β1 actions and regulated expression of its receptor in rat mesangial cells. The rat TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-βRII) homolog was cloned by screening a rat kidney cDNA library with a human TGF-βRII cDNA probe, and sequenced. Expression of this receptor subtype in rat mesangial cells was then demonstrated by RNase protection assay, and by Northern blot analysis of poly (A)+ RNA, TGF-βRII expression was down-regulated in cells treated with exogenous TGF-β1. Affinity cross linking studies demonstrated presence of this receptor on cell surface. Rat mesangial cells also expressed TGF-β1 and autoinduction by TGF-β1 was observed in the same cells, suggesting that this polypeptide may act in an autocrine fashion on mesangial cells, and that it may stimulate a positive autoamplification loop. TGF-β1 inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and stimulated significant overall protein and collagen production. Furthermore, mesangial cell size increased in response to chronic TGF-β1 treatment. These findings demonstrate that rat mesangial cells express key components of the TGF-β system and raise the intriguing possibility that in the glomerular mesangium, TGF-β1 may not only induce extracellular matrix synthesis, but may also participate in the process of glomerular hypertrophy in response to injury.
Variation of electron-N O + -ion recombination coefficient with electron temperature

The electron-temperature dependence of the recombination of mass-identified N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ ions with electrons is studied by means of a microwave-afterglow/mass-spectrometer apparatus employing microwave heating of the electrons. Under conditions where the N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$-ion wall current satisfactorily tracks the volume electron density decay, the electron decay data indicate that the recombination coefficient, $\ensuremath{\alpha}(\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}^{+})$, decreases as ${T}_{e}^{\ensuremath{-}(0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03)}$ over the range $380\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{e}\ensuremath{\le}5470$ K with ${T}_{+}={T}_{n}=380$ K. The values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}(\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}^{+})$ obtained at ${T}_{e}={T}_{+}={T}_{n}=300 \mathrm{and} 380$ K are (${4.3}^{7}$\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ and (${3.5}^{0}$\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec, respectively. These values apply to N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ ions in their ground electronic and probably the $v=1 or 0$ vibration state, and are in good agreement with previous afterglow measurements. Our ${T}_{e}^{\ensuremath{-}0.37}$ variation agrees qualitatively with theoretical predictions of a $\ensuremath{\sim}{T}_{e}^{\ensuremath{-}0.5}$ variation, but is not in agreement with the $\ensuremath{\sim}{T}_{e}^{\ensuremath{-}0.83}$ variation obtained for N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ ($v=0$) ions using ion-storage techniques. We are unable to account for the discrepancies in the energy dependences obtained in the two measurements.
Gas‐phase ion–molecule reactions in dilute mixtures of dimethyl ether in krypton. Bimolecular and clustering reactions

The results of high-pressure variable-temperature and variable ionizing electron energy studies of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of dimethyl ether in krypton are presented. Near the ionization threshold a series of peaks corresponding to (CH 3 OCH 3 ) n H + (n=1−4) clusters are observed. At higher ionizing electron energies, two new series of peaks appear, corresponding to [CH 3 OCH 2 ] + (CH 3 OCH 3 ) n and [(CH 3 ) 3 O] + (CH 3 OCH 3 ) n clusters. The onium ion, [(CH 3 ) 3 O] + , has been previously reported at elevated temperatures under methane chemical ionization conditions. It was suggested that the onium ion is formed by reaction of (CH 3 ) 2 OH + with CH 3 OCH 3 with subsequent elimination of methanol, i.e. by fragmentation of an adduct ion. The present results strongly suggest that, under our conditions, [CH 3 OCH 2 ] + rather than thermal (CH 3 ) 2 OH + , is the precursor to [(CH 3 ) 3 O] +
A supplement to oscillation and comparison theory for hermitian differential systems

For hermitian differential systems there is presented a characterization of a conjoined family of solutions (U; V) for which U is nonsingular between a pair of mutually conjugate points, or on an interval contiguous to a focal point. The general results are obtained without any assumption of normality of the system. For a class of systems which are direct generalizations of the canonical form of nonsingular accessory systems associated with a simple integral variational problem with no differential equation restraints, there is established a special comparison theorem involving a pointwise monotoneity property of the related integrand functions. The final section is devoted to a special result for systems consisting of a pair of scalar equations with real coefficients, which in case the coefficient functions are continuous provides the result of the basic theorem of a recent paper [Applicable Analysis 2 (1972), 355–376] by J. B. Diaz and J. R. McLaughlin.
Novel techniques in the use of bivalirudin for cardiopulmonary bypass anticoagulation in a child with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) occurs in both the pediatric and adult populations after exposure to heparin. Bivalirudin has been used as an alternative to heparin for adults undergoing cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass, but has only been used minimally in children for this purpose. We report the successful use of bivalirudin for anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in a small child with HIT, using novel techniques not previously described.
A Minimum-Cost Network-Flow Solution to the Case v Thurstone Scaling Problem.

This paper presents an approach for determining unidimensional scale estimates that are relatively insensitive to limited inconsistencies in paired comparisons data. The solution procedure, shown to be a minimum-cost network-flow problem, is presented in conjunction with a sensitivity diagnostic that assesses the influence of a single pairwise comparison on traditional Thurstone (ordinary least squares) scale estimates. When the diagnostic indicates some source of distortion in the data, the network technique appears to be more successful than Thurstone scaling in preserving the interval scale properties of the estimates.
On the principle of minimal relative motion--the bar, the circle with a dot, and the ellipse.

Beghi, Xausa, & Zanforlin (1991a) and Beghi, Xausa, De Biasio, & Zanforlin (1991b) have presented visual stereokinetic phenomena. When a bar is rotated in the image plane, it appears to be slanted in depth. Likewise, when a circle with an off-centered dot is rotated, a three-dimensional (3-D) cone is perceived. Finally, when an ellipse is rotated in the image plane, an ellipsoid is perceived that is tilted in depth. To explain these phenomena, Beghi et al. (1991a,b) offer an analytic model that assumes that the visual system nullifies the speed differences between all stimulus points. I critique this analytic model, and show that it cannot explain the perceptual phenomena. Keywords: stereokinesis, structure-from-motion, depth, rigidity, minimal relative motion
Oscillatory flow near the entry of a circular tube

On etudie l'ecoulement laminaire oscillatoire d'un fluide incompressible visqueux pres de l'entree d'un tube circulaire sur la base des equations lineairisees Navier-Stokes. On suppose que la vitesse du fluide soit uniforme a l'entree et qu'elle soit une fonction de temps connue periodique arbitraire. On obtient des formules pour les composantes longitudinales de la vitesse et le gradient de pression et on calcule la longueur d'entree. Die periodische laminare Stromung einer zahen inkompressiblen Flussigkeit in der Eintrittspartie eines zylindrischen Rohres wird auf Grund der linearisierten Gleichungen vonNavier undStokes berechnet. Es wird dabei angenommen, dass im Eintrittsquerschnitt in jedem Zeitpunkt eine uber den Querschnitt konstante Geschwindigkeit herrsche, die jedoch eine Funktion der Zeit ist. Formeln fur den Druckgradienten und die Geschwindigkeitskomponenten in Richtung langs der Rohrachse werden erhalten. Ebenso wird die Einlaufstrecke berechnet.
Trypanosoma lewisi: creatine phosphokinase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, atpases, pi, and glucose levels in the rat host.

Abstract Studies on biochemical changes in sera from Trypanosoma lewisi infected rats were initiated to determine whether any correlation exists with metabolic changes reported to occur in the parasite. The levels of inorganic phosphate and ATP hydrolyzing enzymes in rat sera paralleled the parasitemia of T. lewisi throughout the infection. Creatine phosphokinase and ornithine carbamyl transferase activity were altered as a result of the infection. A hypoglycemic condition was observed during the time when the parasitemia was greatest in T. lewisi infected rats. The data indicate that metabolic changes in the rat occur concurrent with physiological and biochemical alterations in the parasites during infection. The interrelationships between the host and the parasite are discussed.
Characterization of supported silver catalysts: III. Effects of support, pretreatment, and gaseous environment on the dispersion of Ag

Abstract Small Ag crystallites at low loadings on certain supports appear to be quite resistant to sintering under a variety of gas environments. The metal fraction exposed (dispersion) of such crystallites on η-Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 was monitored using oxygen chemisorption and H2 titration methods before and after exposure to He, H2, and O2 (3 and 10%) at 673 K as a function of time, and effects of various pretreatments on adsorption behavior were examined. Selected samples were also characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Exposures to O2 up to 16 hr at 673 K caused only small decreases (20–30%) in the dispersion of η-A12O3-supported silver, virtually no change for the TiO2-supported silver, while a substantial increase in Ag surface area occurred for SiO2-supported Ag. The Ag surface area of the 1.89% Ag η- Al 2 O 3 catalyst treated in H2 for 16 hr at 673 K showed no change when monitored by the H2 titration method, whereas heating in He under the same experimental conditions decreased the silver dispersion by approximately 15%. The 1.81% Ag TiO 2 showed virtually no change in Ag metal surface area after similar treatments in either H2 or He. Although heating in H2 did not cause any change in dispersion, some reduction of the TiO2 support occurred. Because of irreversible adsorption of oxygen by the reduced TiO2 support and complications attributed to “subsurface” or “bulk” oxygen formation in some sintered samples, the H2 titration of the chemisorbed surface oxygen provides a more accurate method than the O2 chemisorption method alone for monitoring the dispersion of these catalysts.
An Apparent Inhibitor in Barley Influencing Efficiency of Utilization by Chicks

Abstract FRY et al. (1957a, b) and Jensen, et al. (1957) have reported on the beneficial aspects of water soaking and from amylolytic or fungal enzyme sources for increasing utilization of barley by chicks and poults. Confirmation of these findings has been forthcoming from several groups; namely, Arscott (1958), Wharton et al. (1958) and Dobson and Anderson (1958). Little information has been presented regarding the mode of action for this response. The generally accepted hypothesis proposed would indicate the chick does not produce enzyme(s) required for the digestibility of barley, Fry et al. (1957b), and that by implication the soaking and drying process initiates the deficient enzyme (s) in barley. An alternative hypothesis initially mentioned by Fry et al. (1957a) points out that the presence of an inhibitor in barley should not be overlooked. Since several examples of inhibitory action involving feeds are already known our attention has been directed toward …
Merrillite and apatite as recorders of planetary magmatic processes

Merrillite, Ca18(Ca,o)Mg2(PO4)14-Ca18 Na2Mg2(PO4)14-Ca16REE2(Mg,Fe)2(PO4)14 occurs as a primary phosphate along with apatite, in lunar and martian rocks, and in meteorites. It is nomi- nally anhydrous, but attempts to directly measure H in this mineral have not previously been re- ported. Because of the occurrence on Earth of whitlockite, Ca18(Mg,Fe 2+ )2(PO4)12(HPO4)2, and the apparent incorporation in whitlockite of a merrillite component, the lack of a whitlockite com- ponent in extraterrestrial merrillite could be taken as an indicator of low hydrogen fugacity, and this implication has been applied to lunar merrillite. On the other hand, for martian rocks, where magmat- ic OH or H2O contents were likely higher, apatite accordingly contains higher OH contents, yet coex- ists with anhydrous, Na-rich merrillite. With direct measurements by SIMS, McCubbin et al. (2014), which is in the July issue of American Mineralo- gist (p. 1347-1354), show that Shergotty merrillite is anhydrous and infer that the high T of crystal- lization of Shergotty precluded incorporation of a whitlockite component. The mineral pair apatite- merrillite in extraterrestrial rocks constitutes a powerful pair for recording magmatic conditions; however, as McCubbin et al. show, the implications of these minerals and their compositions must be interpreted in light of careful and complete analy- ses and crystal chemical constraints. Keywords: Merrillite, apatite, shergotty, planetary materials
Chile's Neo-Liberal Revolution: Incremental Decisions and Structural Transformation, 1973–89

This article analyses the surprising emergence of a comprehensive and coherent neo-liberal developmental model during the period of military rule in Chile. Rather than reflecting a clear and definitive choice, the political process that produced this model was characterised by hesitation, policy contradiction, shifting priorities, and incremental choices. This was a result of the military's efforts to deal with two, often conflicting, overarching goals – economic and political stabilisation – as they evolved and were redefined over time. The focus on incremental, iterated decision-making weaves the insights of other explanations based in underlying institutional, coalitional, or ideational factors into a micro-political explanation that is consistent with the substantial variations in policy outcome across different phases of military rule.
Familial pancreatic cancer: genetic advances

Beset by poor prognosis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is classified as familial or sporadic. This review elaborates on the known genetic syndromes that underlie familial pancreatic cancer, where there are opportunities for genetic counseling and testing as well as clinical monitoring of at-risk patients. Such subsets of familial pancreatic cancer involve germline cationic trypsinogen or PRSS1 mutations (hereditary pancreatitis), BRCA2 mutations (usually in association with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome), CDKN2 mutations (familial atypical mole and multiple melanoma), or DNA repair gene mutations (e.g., ATM and PALB2, apart from those in BRCA2). However, the vast majority of familial pancreatic cancer cases have yet to have their genetic underpinnings elucidated, waiting in part for the results of deep sequencing efforts.
Hyperspectral imaging technology for pharmaceutical analysis

The sensitivity and spatial resolution of hyperspectral imaging instruments are tested in this paper using pharmaceutical applications. The first experiment tested the hypothesis that a near-IR tunable diode-based remote sensing system is capable of monitoring degradation of hard gelatin capsules at a relatively long distance. Spectra from the capsules were used to differentiate among capsules exposed to an atmosphere containing imaging spectrometry of tablets permits the identification and composition of multiple individual tables to be determined simultaneously. A near-IR camera was used to collect thousands of spectra simultaneously from a field of blister-packaged tablets. The number of tablets that a typical near-IR camera can currently analyze simultaneously form a field of blister- packaged tablets. The number of tablets that a typical near- IR camera can currently analyze simultaneously was estimated to be approximately 1300. The bootstrap error-adjusted single-sample technique chemometric-imaging algorithm was used to draw probability-density contour plots that revealed tablet composition. The single-capsule analysis provides an indication of how far apart the sample and instrumentation can be and still maintain adequate S/N, while the multiple- sample imaging experiment gives an indication of how many samples can be analyzed simultaneously while maintaining an adequate S/N and pixel coverage on each sample.
Delayed Ectasia Following LASIK With No Risk Factors: Is a 300-µm Stromal Bed Enough?

PURPOSE To report a case of ectasia occurring > 4 years following LASIK with no risk factors and a residual stromal bed > 300 microm. METHODS A 33-year-old woman presented 4 years after LASIK with mild blurring in the left eye. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) had been 20/20 in both eyes previously. RESULTS Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/40 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 20/20 with -0.75 +2.25 x 70 degrees refraction in the left eye, which matched topography. Preoperative corneal thickness was 595 microm, and topography showed no risk factors preoperatively or immediately postoperatively. Calculated residual stromal bed was 342 microm and measured 400 microm with ultrasound microscopy. One year postoperatively, UCVA decreased to 20/400, and BSCVA decreased to 20/60 with refraction of -4.50 +5.00 x 90 degrees. The patient was intolerant of contact lens wear and is considering collagen cross-linking, Intacs, or corneal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Ectasia can occur more than 4 years after LASIK. Its etiology is unknown and management is challenging.
Mass transport under partially reflected waves in a rectangular channel

Mass transport under partially reflected waves in a rectangular channel is studied. The effects of sidewalls on the mass transport velocity pattern are the focus of this paper. The mass transport velocity is governed by a nonlinear transport equation for the second-order mean vorticity and the continuity equation of the Eulerian mean velocity. The wave slope, ka, and the Stokes boundary-layer thickness, k (ν/σ)½, are assumed to be of the same order of magnitude. Therefore convection and diffusion are equally important. For the three-dimensional problem, the generation of second-order vorticity due to stretching and rotation of a vorticity line is also included. With appropriate boundary conditions derived from the Stokes boundary layers adjacent to the free surface, the sidewalls and the bottom, the boundary value problem is solved by a vorticity-vector potential formulation; the mass transport is, in gneral, represented by the sum of the gradient of a scalar potential and the curl of a vector potential. In the present case, however, the scalar potential is trivial and is set equal to zero. Because the physical problem is periodic in the streamwise direction (the direction of wave propagation), a Fourier spectral method is used to solve for the vorticity, the scalar potential and the vector potential. Numerical solutions are obtained for different reflection coefficients, wave slopes, and channel cross-sectional geometry.
Lessons Learned from Virtual Humans

Normal.dotm 0 0 1 70 401 USC Institute for Creative Technologies 3 1 492 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false Over the past decade, we have been engaged in an extensive research effort to build virtual humans and applications that use them. Building a virtual human might be considered the quintessential AI problem, because it brings together many of the key features, such as autonomy, natural communication, sophisticated reasoning and behavior, that distinguish AI systems. This paper describes major virtual human systems we have built and important lessons we have learned along the way.