cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma progesterone levels in ewes treated with progesterone-controlled internal drug-release dispensers, implants and sponges

Abstract Replicate experiments were conducted using ovariectomized ewes to evaluate four progesterone-releasing devices. Treatments were: (1) controlled internal drug-release (CIDR) dispensers containing 12% (w/w) progesterone, (2) CIDR dispensers containing 9% progesterone, (3) solid silastic implants containing 0.9 g progesterone, and (4) polyurethane sponges containing 0.4 g progesterone. Progesterone CIDR dispensers had an outer surface of silicone elastomer impregnated with progesterone and weighed 5.2 g. Implants and pessaries were inserted 9 days after ovariectomy and left in place for 13 days (Exp. 1). Nine days later, ewes were rerandomized and progesterone treatments reimposed for another 13 days (Exp. 2). Blood samples were taken daily beginning 1 day pretreatment. Progesterone levels were similar in replicate experiments but differed significantly between treatments and days. Pretreatment progesterone levels were generally
Making Myths and Policing Borders: NAASR and the Critical Study of Religion

AbstractThis essay examines the evolving relationship between NAASR and the AAR, paying special attention to how the borders between NAASR and the AAR have been established and how they are patrolled. It discusses the stakes of the territorial dispute between the two organizations: symbolic capital in the form of institutional and intellectual prestige; and economic capital in the form of employment as teachers and researchers in colleges, universities, and related institutions.
Surface transport and DC current gain in InGaAs/InP DHBTs for THz applications

InGaAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) are highly suitable for applications in GHz mixed-signal ICs, >100 GHz digital logic, and millimeter-wave communications and imaging because of their high breakdown voltage and high cutoff frequencies (f τ /f max ~0.5/1.0 THz)[1,2]. To extend HBT bandwidth, device dimensions must be reduced and the doping concentration in the InGaAs base must be increased. As a result, surface recombination increases, as does lateral electron transport from the emitter to the base contact, both on the exposed base surface and within the bulk base semiconductor. The DC current gain (β) thus decreases. Experimentally measured β are ~10-25 in THz DHBTs [2]. Because it limits the useful range of circuit applications, it is important to understand the mechanisms causing decreased β in scaled DHBTs. Using TCAD simulation, we had earlier found that lateral carrier diffusion within the bulk of the base contributes significantly to the observed high base currents in THz HBTs [3]. Here we model the surface conduction between the emitter and base contacts resulting from Fermi level pinning at the exposed base semiconductor surface, comparing simulations with experimental data. At bias conditions corresponding to peak f τ /f max , we find that ~50% of the total base current arises from surface conduction. This finding suggests the need for improved base surface passivation in THz HBTs.
A mite (Acari: Raphignathidae) in the urine of a patient

Abstract A mite, Raphignathus sp. (Acari: Raphignathidae) is reported in a patient's urine. The mite is freeliving in nature and is considered a contaminant.
Nexus Between Inflation Rates and Institutional Rigidities in Bangladesh: An Overlooked Aspect for the Cause of Inflation

In this study, we argue that institutional rigidities contribute to the inflation rates in Bangladesh. Using annual data covering the period 1982-2005 and incorporating three new measures of institutional rigidities, we estimate an inflation model by ARDL and OLS techniques. The results do confirm our prediction that higher degree of institutional rigidities leads to higher inflation rate in Bangladesh. Evidence also suggests that inflation is unlikely to be "monetary phenomenon" in Bangladesh. The results are reliable and robust to the inclusion of alternative measures of institution, money supply, real economic activities, and estimation techniques.
Aggressive Behavior in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Age of Onset and Cortical Atrophy

Aggressive behavior is a common feature of schizophrenia and is associated with the presence of 'soft' neurological signs. Since early age of onset of schizophrenia has been found to be associated with the negative syndrome, which according to Crow (1982) is related to structural brain abnormalities, I predicted that early age of onset may be a biological risk factor for aggressive behavior in the disease. To test this hypothesis, I investigated in 52 chronic institutionalized schizophrenic patients (mean age = 32.8 years; SD = 8.0), the association between age of onset of the disease and the severity of belligerent behavior. The age of onset was judged from the patient's histories as the age at which florid symptoms first emerged. Patients with early onset schizophrenia had a significantly higher belligerent score compared to those with later-onset schizophrenia (p < .05). These findings support the hypothesis of an association between early age of onset of schizophrenia and the risk of aggressive behavior and suggest, furthermore, that schizophrenic symptoms which emerge early may predict a higher risk of aggressive behavior. Furthermore, this study suggest that the neurochemical mechanisms which underlie the early emergence of symptoms may also predispose to aggressive behavior in schizophrenia. Specifically, since aggressive behavior has been linked to impairment of serotonergic (5-HT) functions, I propose that the timing of onset of schizophrenia may be partly associated with dysregulation of the 5-HT system. In a second study, I investigated whether schizophrenic patients with aggressive (suicide) behavior are characterized by more extensive brain damage and hence greater degree of cerebral atrophy on CT scan. The study, which involved 26 schizophrenic patients (mean age: 31.3 years; SD = 6.8), revealed that patients with aggressive behavior had a significantly greater degree of parieto-occipital atrophy on CT scan (p < .05). In contrast, ventricular size and prefrontal cortical atrophy did not distinguish aggressive from nonaggressive patients. These findings suggest that cortical atrophy may be a neuroradiological marker of aggressive behavior in schizophrenia.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and nitroarene concentrations in ambient air during a wintertime high-NOx episode in the Los Angeles basin

Abstract The ambient concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (including biphenyl) and nitroarenes were measured during a wintertime, high-NOx episode at a location in Southern California. Daytime and night-time ambient air samples were collected using Hi-vol filters, polyurethane foam (PUF) plugs and Tenax-GC solid adsorbent. 2-Nitrofluoranthene was the most abundant particle-associated nitroarene, but higher concentrations of 1- and 2-nitronaphthalene, methylnitronaphthalenes and 3-nitrobiphenyl were observed on the PUF plugs. Our data show that the ambient concentrations of the more volatile PAH and nitroarenes can be far greater than those of the less volatile species, and suggest that the most abundant nitroarenes in ambient air arise from atmospheric transformations of PAH emitted from combustion sources.
Specimen temperature increases during transmission electron microscopy

New measurements of temperature rises in electron irradiated transmission microscopy specimens have been made by employing AuNi thin film thermocouples prepared by vacuum evaporation onto thin mica discs. The extent of heating is proportional to the electron flux (beam current) and for typical 100 kV operating conditions in the microscope is less than 8 K. Under extreme conditions (100 μA) temperature increases on the order of 15 K were observed. Neue Messungen des Temperaturanstiegs in elektronenbestrahlten Transmissionsmikroskopproben wurden mit AuNi-Dunnschicht-Thermoelementen durchgefuhrt, die durch Vakuumaufdampfung auf dunne Glimmerplattchen hergestellt wurden. Das Ausmas der Aufheizung ist proportional zum Elektronenflus (Strahlstrom) und ist fur typische Arbeitsbedingungen im Mikroskop von 100 kV kleiner als 8 K. Unter extremen Bedingungen (100 μA) werden Temperaturanstiege von der Grosenordnung 15 K beobachtet.
The effect of varying linear perspective, movement parallax, and speed of rotation on perceived oscillation of two-dimensional trapezoidal stimuli

Two experiments were conducted using two-dimensional screen projections of trapezoidal stimuli in an investigation of the role of the cues of linear perspective and monocular move­ ment parallax in producing apparent oscillation of the Ames (1951) trapezoidal window. The first experiment was designed to determine the effect of covarying linear perspective and movement parallax on number of perceived oscillations of the stimulus figures. Ten stimuli, ranging from a rectangle to an extreme trapezoid, and four projection values, three different polar projections, and a parallel projection condition were employed. The data supported the hypotheses that: (1) the number of perceived oscillations is dependent upon the relative saliency of the two cues in the stimulus display; and (2) the amount of intersubject variability increases as the ambiguity of the stimulus display increases. In the second experiment, speed of rotation of the same stimuli was varied under both polar and parallel projection conditions. The data indicated that a decrease in the number of perceived oscillations at higher rotational speeds cannot be attributed to an increase in the effectiveness of movement parallax. Normally, visual cues cooperate to enable the ob­ server to obtain veridical information about the environment. In the case of perceptual conflict, Ittleson (1960) has indicated four possible resolu­ tions, one of which is alternation over time, with one or the other cue dominating at a particular time. In the Ames (1951) trapezoidal window illusion, the above solution seems to occur: sometimes con­ tinuous rotation is perceived, sometimes change of direction (oscillation) is perceived. The resolution of perceptual conflict at a particular time ought to depend on the relative saliency of the conflicting cues. According to Graham's (1963) analysis of the Ames window, perceived oscillation is caused by two factors: ambiguity of the cue of movement parallax with regard to direction of rotation, and resolution of this ambiguity by means of the cue of linear per­ spective. "Linear perspective" refers to the fact that a constant distance between points subtends a smaller and smaller visual angle as the distance from the eye to these points is increased. Thus, a figure that is seen by an observer as rectangular in the frontal plane of view will be perceived as trapezoidal
Mary, Michael, and Lucifer: Folk Catholicism in Central America

Mary, Michael, and Lucifer: Folk Catholicism in Central America. JOHN M. INGHAM. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986.228 pp. $25.00 (Cloth). ISBN 0-292-75089-7
CRITERION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS APPLIED TO REFLECTION BY FLUORIDE INTERFERENCE FILMS ON URANIUM DIOXIDE. REFRACTIVE INDEX OF URANIUM DIOXIDE

The determination of refractive indices of fluoride interference films on the flat surfaces of fused uranium dioxide by immersion spectrophotometry is discussed. The criterion of Bousquet for the equation for normal reflection in air at rough dielectric interfaces with the assumption of no diffusion is applied with surface roughness very much less than the wavelength divided by 10. (R.E.U.)
Vanishing of the Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric States in K H 2 P O 2 -Type Crystals at High Pressure

The ferroelectric phase of K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and the antiferroelectric phase of N${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ vanish at hydrostatic pressures g17 and 33 kbar, respectively. The results are qualitatively discussed in terms of the coupled proton-lattice model developed by Kobayashi and others, and they reemphasize the important role of the hydrogen bond in these crystals. We discuss possible important changes with increasing pressure in the character of the ferroelectric mode in K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$.
Group sequential extensions of a standard bioequivalence testing procedure

Bioequivalence trials compare the relative bioavailability of different formulations of a drug. Regulatory requirements for demonstrating average bioequivalence of two formulations generally include showing that a (say) 90% confidence interval for the ratio of expected pharmacologic end point values of the formulations lies between specified end points, e.g., 0.8-1.25. The likelihood of demonstrating bioequivalence when the formulations truly are equivalent depends on the sample size and on the variability of the pharmacologic end point. Group sequential bioequivalence testing provides a statistically valid way to accommodate misspecification of the variability in designing the trial by allowing for additional observations if a clear decision to accept or reject bioequivalence cannot be reached with the initial set of observations. This paper describes group sequential bioequivalence designs applicable in most practical situations that allow a decision to be reached with fewer observations than fixed-sample designs about 60% of the time at approximately the same average cost. The designs can be used in trials where the formulations are expected to have equal bioavailability and in trials where the formulations are expected to differ slightly. Data analyses are carried out exactly as for fixed-sample designs. Providing the capability of sequential decisions modestly affects the nominal significance levels, e.g., the required confidence level may be 93-94% instead of 90%.
How Does an Alliance Network Distance Affect a Firm's Innovation?

This paper investigates how an alliance partner’s network distance affects a firm's innovation. I propose that an alliance with a distant partner contributes to exploratory innovation and better qu...
A note on necessary and sufficient conditions for proving that a random symmetric matrix converges to a given limit

We demonstrate that if Eixi, IS a sequence of symmetric matrices that converges in probability to some fixed but unspecified nonsingular symmetric matrix i? elementwise, then i? = B, for a specified matrix B, if and only if both the trace and squared Euclidean norm of D,Dz converge to k, where D, = B; ‘B,. Examples are given to demonstrate how this result may be used to construct hypothesis tests for the equality of covariance matrices and for model misspecification.
Effects of dexamethasone and chlorpromazine treatment on X-Y dissociation and multinucleated giant cell formation in hyperthermic mice.

Abstract The effects of anti-stress drugs on X-Y dissociation and multinucleated giant cell formation in the testes of hyperthermic mice were determined for the possible use of such drugs in animal production. Mice were injected with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg, chlorpromazine 1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg, or 0.85% saline, and heat stressed for 4 d at 35 ± 1 C and 65 ± 1 % relative humidity. Mice were killed 5 d after stress, and the testes processed for observation of meiotic chromosomes and testicular histology. Heat stress caused a significant increase in X-Y bivalent dissociation in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes and a significant increase in formation of multinucleated giant cells. Drug treatment increased X-Y dissociation but had no significant effect on giant cell formation.
From Ellis Island to JFK. New York's Two Great Waves of Immigration . By Nancy Foner. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press; and New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2000. Pp. x, 334. $29.95.

In this impressive study of American immigration Nancy Foner presents an “interpretive synthesis” that “brings together strands from the mass of literature on past and present immigration” (p. 4). She argues that the historical and contemporary literatures have developed separately and that there is virtue in bringing them together. Here the historical period covers 1880 to 1920, and the contemporary period begins in the mid-1960s. Of necessity, Foner selects a narrow and manageable range of topics to review. Geographically, Foner limits her coverage to New York City, the “quintessential immigrant city.” In terms of immigrant groups, for the earlier period Foner considers only the experiences of Italians and of Russian Jews, who dominated that immigration; for the later period, in which no two national groups are so dominant, she emphasizes the experiences of West Indians, Asian Indians, Chinese, and Korean immigrants. The chapters consider who the immigrants were, where they lived, the work they did (with a separate chapter on immigrant women and their work), the dynamics of race and prejudice, the maintenance of transnational ties, and the role of schooling.
Symbolic planning with metric time

Most AI planning systems have considered time in a qualitative way only. For example, a plan may require one action to come 'before' another. Metric time enables AI planners to represent action durations and reason over quantitative temporal constraints such as windows of opportunity. This paper presents preliminary results observed while developing a theory of multi-agent adversarial planning for battle management research. Quantitative temporal reasoning seems essential in this domain. For example, Orange may plan to block Blue's attack by seizing a river ford which Blue must cross, but only if Orange can get there during the window of opportunity while Blue is approaching the ford but has not yet arrived. In nonadversarial multi-agent planning, metric time enables planners to detect windows of opportunity for agents to help or hinder each other. In single-agent planning, metric time enables planners to reason about deadlines, temporally constrained resource availability, and asynchronous processes which the agent can initiate and monitor. Perhaps surprisingly, metric time increases the computational complexity of planning less than might be expected, because it reduces the computational complexity of modal truth criteria. To make this observation precise, we review Chapman's analysis to modal truth criteria and describe a tractable heuristic criterion, 'worst case necessarily true.' Deciding if a proposition is worst case necessarily true, in a single-agent plan with n steps, requires O(n) computations only if qualitative temporal information is used. We show how it can be decided in O(log n) using metric time.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Recurrent renal cell carcinoma following nephrectomy mimicking a normal kidney on bone scan

A case is described in which recurrent renal cell carcinoma simulated a nearly normal kidney image on the bone scan at the site of previous total nephrectomy.
The radiographic distinction of degenerative slippage (spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis) from traumatic slippage of the cervical spine.

In a review of 42 cases of degenerative arthritis of the cervical spine and 22 cases of cervical spine trauma with an observed anterior slippage (spondylolisthesis) or posterior slippage (retrolisthesis) of the vertebral bodies of 2 mm or more, characteristic features were observed which allowed distinction between degenerative and traumatic slippage of the cervical spine. In degenerative slippage the shape of the articular facets and width of the facet joint space may remain normal; however, in most cases the articular facets become “ground-down” with narrowing of the facet joint space and the articular facets themselves becoming thinned or ribbon-like. In traumatic slippage the artucular facets will either be normally shaped or fractured and the facet joint space will be abnormally widened. Plain radiographs will usually allow this distinction to be made; however, in difficult cases polytomography may be required.
Salvation or damnation: deconstructing nursing's aspirations to professional status.

Aim This paper will deconstruct the rationale(s) for aspiring to professional status in nursing. Background It is argued that ‘transformative nursing leaders’ must transition from operational to strategic aspects, such as considering the question of whether or not nursing should move towards professional status. Method This paper examines documented outcomes arising out of professional status and considers whether or not these are contrary to the central tenets of nursing’s underpinning philosophy and practice axioms. The outcomes scrutinized are: compensation, respect and recognition, political influence and clout, the consumer movement and the gender issue. Findings A carte blanche aspiration for professional status is irreconcilable with some of nursing’s central tenets. However, there are benefits that nurses should pursue. Conclusion Aspiring to professional status by adopting the normative orthodoxies and dominant discourse of our medical colleagues actually serves to reinforce and maintain nurses in a mostly subservient role. Implications for nursing management In place of adopting the gendered views of professional status, nurses and clients might be better served by the creation of a parallel discourse; one where the central and underpinning values of nurses and clients are seen as equal, though different to the values of the current dominant discourse.
Effect of screw number on reconstruction plating

Recently sacrificed bovine ribs and a hydraulic press were used to evaluate the effect that the number of screws has upon reconstruction plating. Reconstructed segments were subjected to five trials each for one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and eight screws with increasing weights until failure. Increasing the number of screws increased the amount of weight resisted up to four screws per segment after which no additional benefits were realized (P < .001).
PAR19: IMPACT OF THE ADDITION OF SALMETEROL TO THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA PATIENTS IN A MEDICAID FEE-FOR-SERVICE POPULATION

OBJECTIVE: Salmeterol, a long acting beta-2 agonist, improves lung function and symptom control with twice daily dosing in moderate-to-severe asthmatics. This investigation was performed to determine whether the introduction of salmeterol to moderate-to-severe asthmatics in a Medicaid fee-for-service population reduces the overall asthma related health care expenditures. METHODS: The New Mexico Medicaid fee-for-service claims database was searched between 1/1/94 and 12/31/98 to identify both a salmeterol and control group. The inclusion criteria for the salmeterol group were: patients receiving salmeterol, who were 66% compliant with salmeterol therapy, had a diagnosis of asthma (ICD-9: 493.0, 493.1, 493.9), were 13 years of age or older, did not have a diagnosis of COPD (ICD-9: 496.x) and must have been Medicaid eligible for 2 consecutive years. In addition to the above criteria for the salmeterol group, to be included in the control group, patients must not have received salmeterol between 4/12/95 and 4/12/97 (around the median start date of salmeterol, 4/12/96), and in order to match for severity must have received other asthma maintenance medications. Patients meeting these criteria for the salmeterol and control groups were 57 and 58, respectively. ANCOVA were performed to compare costs between the two groups controlling for baseline costs. Average per patient benefit-cost ratios were calculated by dividing total cost savings by increase in medication costs for both groups. RESULTS: No significant difference existed among average per patient total health care expenditures between the salmeterol and control groups ($2266 and $1955, respectively). Interestingly, in the salmeterol group, total medication costs increased significantly (t = −7.895, p = 0.000) while total health care costs decreased, although not significantly. The average per patient benefit-cost ratio for the salmeterol group was 0.061 ($41/$668). CONCLUSION: Introduction of salmeterol in the New Mexico Medicaid fee-for-service population did not significantly reduce total asthma related health care costs.
Reproductive and teratogenic effects of fentanyl in Sprague-Dawley rats

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered fentanyl continuously using chronically implanted osmotic minipumps for 2 weeks before breeding and during the entire period of pregnancy. Three different fentanyl dosage regimens were employed, i.e., 10, 100, and 500 micrograms/kg/day. Reproductive indices were determined and the 1,046 offspring delivered at cesarean section were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. There were no major or minor reproductive abnormalities or teratogenic findings in any of the fentanyl-treated groups. We conclude that fentanyl is devoid of adverse reproductive effects in this strain of rats up to dosages of 500 micrograms/kg/day administered by osmotic minipumps. From a methodologic point of view, osmotic minipumps facilitate study of the reproductive effects of narcotics as they allow delivery of dosages that ordinarily would not be tolerated without producing severe respiratory depression.
Characterization of the highly active isocitrate (NADP+) dehydrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii

The highly active isocitrate dehydrogenase [threo-ds-isocitrate:NADP oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.42] was isolated and characterized from a clarified sonic cell-free extract of Azotobacter vinelandii Strain O. The purification was achieved by using a combination of (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and preparatory disc electrophoresis. Analytical disc electrophoresis studies revealed that the purified enzyme was a single protein component having an isoelectric point of 6.1. The molecular weight of the A. vinelandii isocitrate dehydrogenase was 78 000 and amino acid analyses showed that 3 half-cystine residues were present per molecule of enzyme. The enzyme possessed an exceptionally high νmax value. It reduced 722 μmoles of NADP+ per min per mg protein at 37°; the calculated turnover number was 56 000. The apparent Km for the racemic dl-isocitrate was 3.6 · 10−5 M and the apparent Km for NADP+ was 1.8 · 10−5 M. The enzyme was specific for the threo-d-isomer and required Mn2+ (5 · 10−4 M) for maximum activity. Partial activation also was achieved by Mg2+, Co2+ and Cd2+. The active species appears to exist as a polymeric unit consisting of monomers with a molecular weight of 15 000–20 000. The enzyme was sensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoate and inhibition was also obtained with ATP, pyrophosphate and by the concerted action of glyoxylate and oxaloacetate.
TGF-β3 Stimulates Stromal Matrix Assembly by Human Corneal Keratocyte-Like Cells

Purpose. We have previously shown that TGF-β3 (T3) stimulates extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly while maintaining antifibrotic characteristics in a model using human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). This model, however, requires non-physiological levels of serum. In the current study, we tested whether T3 could stimulate human corneal keratocytes (HCKs) in vitro to assemble a functional ECM, while maintaining their characteristics.
Novel non-templated nucleotide addition reactions catalyzed by procaryotic and eucaryotic DNA polymerases

DNA polymerases catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides onto DNA primers in a template-directed manner. The requirement for template instruction distinguishes these enzymes from other nucleotidyl transferases, such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, that do not utilize a template. An oligonucleotide substrate was used to characterize a novel, non-templated nucleotide addition reaction carried out by DNA polymerases from a variety of procaryotic and eucaryotic sources. The products of the reaction, in which a deoxyribonucleotide was added to the 3' hydroxyl terminus of a blunt-ended DNA substrate, were analyzed by electrophoresis on high resolution, denaturing polyacrylamide gels. DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus, polymerase alpha from chick embryo, rat polymerase beta, reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus, and DNA polymerase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae all carried out the blunt-end addition reaction. The reaction required a duplex DNA substrate but did not require coding information from the template strand. These results demonstrate that template instruction is not an absolute requirement for the catalysis of nucleotidyl transfer reactions by DNA polymerases.
The history and evolution of wiredrawing techniques

Wire has been produced for thousands of years by a variety of methods. Strip and block twisting of silver and gold wire resulted in a high-quality jewelry wire, but the drawing process was developed as quantity and strength requirements increased. Historical documents are vague as to when this transformation occurred—the earliest concrete evidence of an accepted drawplate points to the Vikings, but telltale markings left on older wire will fuel the debate for years to come.
Segmenting Markets in Urban Higher Education: Community- versus Campus-Centered Students.

ABSTRACT Market segmentation in urban higher education has generally divided potential students, primarily based on age, into Direct from High School (DHS) or “Traditional” and adult or “Non-Traditional,” based on differences in scheduling and program preferences and media access. One large urban institution, confronted by new competition, experienced a significant decline in DHS enrollment based on policies derived from this delineation. Enrollment analysis and a survey of current students, grouped according to permanent residence, class enrollment, and participation in campus activities, produces a modified picture: local DHS students tend to be more like adult students than DHS students with more distant permanent residence. Based on this analysis, segmentation concepts of “campus-centered” and “community-centered” are proposed to replace “traditional” and “non-traditional.” Implications of this reconceptualization for programming and marketing communications are developed.
Uncertainty principles in harmonic analysis

Abstract Let ƒ∈L 2 ( R n), ‖;ƒ‖2 = 1. Generalizing the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, lower bounds for the variance of the measure ¦ƒ(x)¦ 2 dx are established under assumptions on the Fourier transform \ tf. If E is a subset of R n of codimension one which is suitably uniformly distributed, and b is a parameter which measures the maximum distance from a point to E, then the estimate Var (|ƒ(x)| 2 dx) ⩾ cb −2 holds provided ∝ E ¦ \ tf¦ 2 dσ ⩽ c′b −1 for suitable constants c and c′. Examples of sets E are families of parallel hyperspaces or concentric spheres. Analogous results are established for normalized L2 functions on the sphere Sn. Here the lower bound is inf y ∈ S n ∫ S n | sin d(x, y)| 2 |ƒ(x)| 2 dx ⩾ cb −2 . and the hypothesis on the spherical harmonic expansion ƒ = ∑ k = 0 ∞ ƒ k is ∑ k ϵ A ∥ƒ k ∥ 2 2 ⩽ c′b −1 , where A is a set of integers with gaps at most b for both even and odd numbers.
Effects of prenatal exposure to ethanol on callosal projection neurons in rat somatosensory cortex

The distribution and density of callosal projection neurons in the somatosensory cortex of mature rats was altered by prenatal exposure to ethanol. The density of callosal neurons was significantly greater in ethanol-treated rats than in controls. Ethanol exposure also altered the laminar distribution of callosal projection neurons. Whereas in control rats the cell bodies of callosal projection neurons were in layers II/III and V, in ethanol-treated rats most of these neurons were distributed in layers V and VI. Many of the ectopic neurons were generated toward the end of cortical neuronogenesis (i.e., on gestational day 20). This contrasts with controls wherein co-generated cohorts were distributed in layer II/III. Thus, the connectional phenotype of the callosal projection neurons is retained regardless of its laminar residence. These ethanol-induced abnormalities apparently result from defects in neuronal migration and axonal pruning.
A Systematic Approach for Evaluating and Upgrading Academic Science Journal Collections

During 2003–2005, several Brigham Young University (BYU) science librarians conducted a project to upgrade both the print and online journal collections at the Harold B. Lee Library. This systematic approach addressed the collections of several of the departments served by the library's science/maps department, specifically physics, mathematics, chemistry, physiology, developmental biology, and micro/molecular biology. The methodology involved the creation of separate tables for each subject including subscription cost, annual usage, calculated cost per use, and ISI impact factors. Normalized rankings within each subject were key statistics also given. These tables provided a clear picture that was invaluable in the collaboration with faculty that subsequently occurred in canceling less-used journals and freeing up money for newer (mostly online) subscriptions. Such a systematic approach could also be used in cancellation projects in which no new journals are acquired.
Data-mining a large Digital Sky survey : From the challenges to the scientific results

The analysis and an efficient scientific exploration of the digital Palomar observatory sky survey represents a major technical challenge. The input data set consists of 3 Terabytes of pixel information, and contains a few billion sources. We describe some of the specific scientific problems posed by the data, including searches for distant quasars and clusters of galaxies, and the data-mining techniques we are exploring in addressing them Machine- assisted discovery methods may become essential for the analysis of such multi-Terabyte data sets. New and future approaches involve unsupervised classification and clustering analysis in the Giga-object data space, including various Bayesian techniques. In addition to the searches for known types of objects in this database, these techniques may also offer the possibility of discovering previously unknown, rare types of astronomical objects.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Treatment of facial telangiectases with the diode-pumped frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.

background. Many individuals develop telangiectases on the face as they mature. The causative factors are numerous. Telan-giectases are cosmetically concerning for many of those who are affected. Because of the ability to selectively target vessels, lasers have recently become the focus for treating small facial telangi-ectases. objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the diode-pumped frequency-doubled Q-switched neodymium: ytterium-aluminum-gamet (FD QSNd:YAG) laser (532 nm) for the treatment of telangiedases on the face. methods. The diode-pumped FD QSNd:YAG laser (532 nm, 400-μm spot size, 24-msec pulse train) was used to treat telangiectases on the face of 30 adult subjects. Patients were treated once, and clinical improvement and potential adverse effects were assessed at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. results. One session of diode-pumped FD QSNd:YAG laser treatment either improved or totally cleared all treated facial telangiedases. conclusion. The diode-pumped FD QSNd:YAG laser is effective far treating small facial telangiedases. An advantage of this laser is that it does not produce postoperative purpura.
Density functional study on the structure and stability of positive iron rare-gas complexes, Fe+Xn (X=Ar, Xe; n=1–6)

Abstract The structures and atomization energies of positively charged complexes of iron with argon and xenon, Fe + X n (X=Ar, Xe; n=1–6 ) are investigated by density functional theory calculations. We explain the special stability of some of these complexes (“magic numbers”) – that has been observed in previous laser ablation and multi-photon ionization experiments – and predict their geometries.
Urinary undiversion by cecoileourethroplasty and pubovaginal sling operation

A continent urinary undiversion was performed on a woman who had previously had a cystectomy and ileal loop urinary diversion for intractable interstital cystitis. The first stage consisted of isolation of an ileocecal segment and detubularization to create a low-pressure reservoir. The ileocecal valve was then intussuscepted and and reinforced. The proximal ileum was tapered and anastomosed to the urethral stump. The second stage involved excision of the ileal loop stoma, creating a nipple in the distal ileal loop conduit, and anastomosing this nipple into the reservoir to prevent reflux. A pubovaginal sling was performed to prevent stress incontinence. The patient is continent and empties her bladder by intermittent self-catheterization. She is doing well 3 years after the operation.
Caching economics: Jays cache more when handling times are short and habitats are poor

In this paper we develop a simplified and experimentally tractable version of Andersson & Krebs’s (1978, Animal Behaviour, 26, 707–711) classical model of caching behaviour. We conducted three experiments using captive blue jays, Cyanocitta cristata, to test the predictions of this model. These experiments explored the effects of three theoretically important variables: availability time (Ta), handling time (h) and background foraging rate (γ). In experiment 1, we tested the predicted effect of availability time, and we found that blue jays cached more food items when availability time was short. In experiment 2, we examined the interaction between availability time and handling time, and we found a significant effect of handling time (jays cached more when handling times were short), but no effect of availability time (apparently contradicting experiment 1). In experiment 3, we considered the predicted interaction between handling time and habitat richness (as represented by the background foraging rate). Experiment 3 revealed significant effects of both handling time and background, but no interaction between the two variables. We discuss the implications of these experiments for the further development of our model.
A gas-flow model for the sputtering of condensed gases

Abstract The bombardment of condensed gases by low keV ions or atoms establishes a collision cascade in the solid. We argue that in cases where the deposited energy density surpasses the critical temperature of the medium, the gas formed expands into the vacuum, increasing the sputtering yield and shifting the energy spectrum to lower energies. A simple model, based on the assumption of a collision-free molecular flow, is developed to give analytical results for the sputtering yield and the axial energy spectrum. The effects of the expansion process, of energy dissipation and of recondensation on the crater walls are discussed. Good agreement with experimental sputtering yields and energy spectra is found.
Predicting the Magnetic Fields from a Twisted-Pair Cable

A theory that predicts the magnitude of low-frequency magnetic fields near a current-carrying twisted-pair cable is developed. By asymptotically expressing the theoretical results, it is shown that the magnetic fields from a twisted-pair cable of pitch distance p decrease exponentially with the radial distance from the center of the cable. The asymptotically expressed result is verified experimentally for a radial distance as large as (3/2)p. At such a distance, the maximum fields from the cable are shown to be 50 dB below that from a two-wire line (two parallel wires), even though both the cable and the wire line are carrying the same amount of current.
Mechanism of Chaperone Function in Small Heat-shock Proteins PHOSPHORYLATION-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF TWO-MODE BINDING IN αB-CRYSTALLIN

The consequences of αB-crystallin phosphorylation on its chaperone activity were investigated using a detailed analysis of the recognition and binding of destabilized T4 lysozyme (T4L) mutants by αB-crystallin phosphorylation mimics containing combinations of serine to aspartate substitutions. The T4L site-directed mutants were selected to constitute an energetic ladder of progressively destabilized proteins having similar structures in the folded state. αB-crystallin and its variants differentially recognize the T4L mutants, binding the more destabilized ones to a larger extent. Furthermore, the aspartate substitutions result in an increase in the extent of binding to the same T4L mutant and in the appearance of biphasic binding isotherms. The latter indicates the presence of two modes of binding characterized by different affinities and different numbers of binding sites. The transition to two-mode binding can also be induced by temperature or pH activation of the second mode. The similarity between the phosphorylation, pH, and temperature effects suggests a common structural origin. The location of the phosphorylation sites in the N-terminal domain and the hypothesized burial of this domain in the core of the oligomeric structure are consistent with a critical role for the destabilization of the quaternary structure in the process of recognition and binding by small heat-shock proteins.
Energy minimization of dislocations in low-energy dislocation structures

LEDS is the acronym for low-energy dislocation structures. LEDS are those structures in which the energy per unit length of participating dislocations is minimized through mutual stress-screening. They are characterized by the (virtual) absence of long-range stresses and by an alternation between areas with high and low dislocation densities. By means of a number of examples it is shown that the considerable majority of actually occurring dislocation structures are LEDS.
Solubility of gaseous formaldehyde in liquid water and generation of trace standard gaseous formaldehyde.

Stable concentrations of gaseous formaldehyde (atm) may be generated at the 10/sup -9/-atm level and up by equilibration of air with an aqueous formaldehyde (M) solution through a microporous membrane tube. The solubility behavior of formaldehyde at 293.2 K obeys the equation (HCHO(aq)) = 16650(HCHO(g))/sup 1.0798/ for HCHO(g) ranging from 3.3 x 10/sup -9/ to 1.3 x 10/sup -6/ atm or HCHO(aq) ranging from 1.0 x 10/sup -5/ to 6.9 x 10/sup -3/ M. When the aqueous concentration is expressed in mole fraction units, the predictions of the corresponding equation are in good agreement with the vapor pressure data obtained by Blair and Ledbury at aqueous concentrations as high as X/sub HCHO/ = 0.254 (13.4 M). At low HCHO concentrations, the temperature dependence between 278.2 and 298.2 K is given by (HCHO(aq)) = 10/sup ((4538/T)-11.34)/ (HCHO(g))/sup ((252.2/T) + 0.2088) with an uncertainty of less than 10%.
Hydrocarbon and aldehyde emissions from an engine fueled with ethyl-t-butyl ether

(1991). Hydrocarbon and Aldehyde Emissions From an Engine Fueled With Ethyl-t-Butyl Ether. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 195-197.
Multivariate analysis of simultaneously active motor units in human skeletal muscle

The joint activity of simultaneously active motor units was analyzed, using several methods including interunit interval and expectation density functions. The results show that there is no significant interaction between any motor units and, except for a slight coupling, the units fire independently of one another. The coupling is weak but pervasive and affects motor units overlapping and disjoint territories. Synchronous action potentions were recorded at sites whose distance is greater than the acknowledged diameter of motor unit territories. It is proposed that these expansive motor units and the viscoelastic properties of muscle are responsible for smooth contractions in human muscle.
Effect of chain rigidity on conductivity of conjugated polymers

Abstract There are several ways to introduce processability to conjugated polymers, and one of them is discussed here. The basic approach involves the introduction of flexible centers in a conjugated backbone with a periodicity that allows the existence of conjugated sequences characterized by an electron mobility high enough to result in electronic conduction upon oxidation or reduction. The process consists of the use of AsF5 as a polymerization catalyst, and AsF3 as a non-conventional medium for the reaction. The Lewis acid coupling reactions, via which the polymerization occurs, result in soluble materials. Characteristics of the materials obtained by polymerizing acetylene and some aromatic compounds are discussed.
High-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance of high-spin manganese(III) in axially symmetric coordination complexes

High-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) has been used to study several complexes of high-spin manganese(III) (3d4,S = 2): [Mn(Me2dbm)X] and [Mn(OEP)X] (X = Cl−, Br−), where Me2dbm− is the anion of 4,4′-dimethyldibenzoylmethane and OEP2− is the dianion of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphine. These non-Kramers (integer spin) systems are not EPR-active with conventional magnetic fields and microwave frequencies. However, use of fields up to 15 T in combination with multiple frequencies in the range of 95–550 GHz allows observation of richly detailed EPR spectra. Analysis of the field- and frequency-dependent HFEPR data allows accurate determination of the following spin Hamiltonian parameters for these complexes: [Mn(Me2dbm)Cl],D = −2.45(3) cm−1; [Mn(Me2dbm)Br],D = −1.40(2) cm−1; [Mn(OEP)Cl],D = −2.40(1) cm−1; [Mn(OEP)Br],D = −1.07(1) cm−1 (E ≈ 0, andg ≈ 2.0 in all cases). Comparison of structural data with the electronic parameters for these and related complexes shows quantitatively the effects of axial and equatorial ligation on the electronic structure of Mn(III). These high-spin complexes can be employed as building blocks in the construction of single-molecule magnets. Thus the accurate determination and understanding of the electronic properties, best obtainable by HFEPR, of these monomeric units is important in understanding and improving the properties of the polynuclear single-molecule magnets which can be formed from them.
Low-Flow Variations in Source Water Supply for the Occoquan Reservoir System Based on a 100-Year Climate Forecast

AbstractThe onset of climate and land-use change is forcing water managers to develop new techniques in response to the changing environment. This study uses established techniques to incorporate both projected climate change and projected land-use change into a hydrologic model of the Occoquan watershed, which encompasses an area of approximately 1,550 km2 in northern Virginia. The techniques used develop a future projection of weather that recreates the historic time series, including the drought of record, as influenced by climate change, thereby facilitating integration into existing water-management practices. Incorporating land use and using multiple metrics for analysis of low flow (drought) allows for the determination of variations between the historic and future model flows. This study revealed a likelihood of increased low-flow volumes for the Occoquan watershed from both climate and land-use change, the majority of which were produced from land-use change in combination with expanded reclaime...