cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classified displays of web search results.

Most text retrieval systems return a ranked list of results in response to a user's search request. Such lists can be long and overwhelming. Furthermore, results on different topics or different aspects of the same topic are intermixed in the list requiring users to sift through a long undifferentiated list to find items of interest. We have been exploring the use of automatic text classification techniques combined with novel interface ideas to allow users to quickly focus in on results of interest. Our approach combines the advantages of human knowledge in an initial classification stage with the broad coverage available with text retrieval systems. In a series of user studies we developed and evaluated several interfaces for structuring search results in order to better understand the cognitive processes that lead to effective analysis of search results. There are two key aspects to our work that we describe in more detail: 1) automatic text classification algorithms for quickly and accurately tagging ew content, and 2) novel interface to support structured search.
The toxic component of the singletary pea (Lathyrus pusillus).

Abstract The lathyrogenic entity of the Singletary pea is γ-glutamyl-β-aminopropionitrile. The toxicity resides in the β-aminopropionitrile portion of the molecule. A qualitative test was developed which showed the presence of γ-glutamyl-β-aminopro-pionitrile and the absence of free β-aminopropionitrile in the seed of Lathyrus odoratus and Lathyrus pusillus. This test was negative for both compounds when applied to seed of the reportedly more toxic L. latifolius.
Onefold photoelectron-counting statistics of mixtures of thermal and coherent radiation

We consider onefold photoelectron-counting statistics, for arbitrary counting times, when the wave field on the detector is a mixture of thermal light of a specified spectral profile (incoherent component) and a harmonic signal (coherent component). The probability density function of the time-integrated intensity W(Ω) is obtained from the inverse Laplace transform of the moment-generating function by the Dubner–Abate algorithm. The corresponding probability distribution of the detected photoelectrons, P(m), is then evaluated directly by numerical integration of W(Ω). Numerical results for W(Ω) and P(m) have been obtained when the thermal line shape is Lorentzian for both the homodyne situation (coherent line coincides with the mean frequency of the thermal spectral profile) and the heterodyne situation (coherent line is now off center with respect to the mean frequency of the thermal spectral profile).
The photographic infrared bands 5ν3 and 4ν20 + 4ν3 of 14N216O

Abstract Nitrous oxide bands 5ν3 at 10 815.249 cm−1 and 4ν 2 0 + 4ν 3 at 10 820.130 cm−1 were remeasured with high resolution (0.05 cm−1) attained with the aid of a vacuum grating spectrograph. Path length of ∼6 km was used at low gas pressure. The previously derived vibrational and rotational constants of 14N216O were readjusted to fit the new accurate data.
A candidate vegetation index of biological integrity based on species dominance and habitat fidelity

Abstract Indices of biological integrity of wetlands based on vascular plants (VIBIs) have been developed in many areas of the USA and are used in some states to make critical management decisions. An underlying concept of all VIBIs is that they respond negatively to disturbance. The Ohio VIBI (OVIBI) is calculated from 10 metrics, which are different for each wetland vegetation class. We present a candidate vegetation index of biotic integrity based on floristic quality (VIBI-FQ) that requires only two metrics to calculate an overall score regardless of vegetation class. These metrics focus equally on the critical ecosystem elements of diversity and dominance as related to a species’ degree of fidelity to habitat requirements. The indices were highly correlated but varied among vegetation classes. Both indices responded negatively with a published index of wetland disturbance in 261 Ohio wetlands. Unlike VIBI-FQ, however, errors in classifying wetland vegetation may lead to errors in calculating OVIBI scores. This is especially critical when assessing the ecological condition of rapidly developing ecosystems typically associated with wetland restoration and creation projects. Compared to OVIBI, the VIBI-FQ requires less field work, is much simpler to calculate and interpret, and can potentially be applied to all habitat types. This candidate index, which has been “standardized” across habitats, would make it easier to prioritize funding because it would score the “best” and “worst” of all habitats appropriately and allow for objective comparison across different vegetation classes.
IMPRINTING: A REASSESSMENT.

Chicks exposed to a moving model during their critical period for imprinting will subsequently demonstrate a preference for that model if it is stationary. In preference tests with moving models, other preferences appear to over-ride the effects of the imprinting experience.
Residents’ Support for Legalized Gaming and Perceived Impacts of Riverboat Casinos: Changes in Five Years

Modern riverboat casinos have been in operation since 1991. This study investigates the changes in residents’ perceived impacts of riverboat casinos on community quality over time. Data were collected in 1993 (n = 231) and 1998 (n = 272) from randomly selected residents in Iowa and Illinois. Residents were significantly less positive about the legalization of gaming in these states in 1998 than in 1993. Of the 24 community quality attributes rated, five underlying factors were identified, and three of these were rated as significantly worse in 1998 than in 1993. Multiple linear regression analysis results indicate that respondents’ perceptions on “free of crime” and “community amenities and activities” were significant predictors of their support for legalized gaming. Implications for gaming proponents and opponents are provided.
Hemodynamic Control and Clinical Outcomes in the Perioperative Setting

Death due to anaesthesia has become rare [1,2]. By contrast, morbid events related to anaesthetic care are more prevalent and difficult to classify. Haemodynamic changes may signal morbid events during anaesthesia. A decrease in blood pressure (BP), enabling detection of occult haemorrhage, is an obvious example of how haemodynamic monitoring contributes to the diagnosis of a morbid state. However, monitoring for BP variability outside acceptable target thresholds, because it may contribute to postoperative 30day mortality, is a much more subtle example. It is estimated that 500 million surgeries will be performed worldwide annually by the year 2050, with approximately 2% of these in patients at high risk for the development of cardiovascular complications [3]. In the United States alone, 30 million non-cardiac surgical procedures are performed annually [4], and 2.5% to 10% of these procedures are associated with peri-operative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [5]. Prospective and retrospective analyses have identified patientand treatment-related factors (Table 1) that increase the risk for peri-operative complications, including mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, acute kidney injury, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, and excessive bleeding [3,6-14]. Preoperative haemodynamic abnormalities, such as increased or decreased heart rate or BP*, can adversely affect outcomes for patients undergoing either cardiac or non-cardiac procedures [5-7,13,15-19]. The risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in surgical patients may be reduced by avoiding haemodynamic variability outside target parameters during the peri-operative period (Table 2) [4].
Self-cognitions and expressed negative emotions during midadolescence: Contributions to young adult psychological adustment

This study explored developmentally salient cognitive and emotional facets of personality during adolescence and their contribution to psychological functioning in young adulthood. Specifically, we examined the of relations among two kinds of actual-ideal self-discrepancies, expressed negative emotions, and self-dissatisfaction during midadolescence and assessed their longitudinal contribution to young adult symptoms of hostility and depression, as well as self-worth. We drew upon a dataset that included both a group of youngsters who had been psychiatrically hospitalized at age 14 and a normative comparison group of high school students studied over an 11-year period. Findings demonstrated that the magnitude of particular actual-ideal discrepancies, expressed negative emotions, and self-dissatisfaction differed between the groups. Contrary to expectation, actual-ideal self-discrepancies were not related to expressed negative emotions during midadolescence. For the psychiatric group, however, both self-discrepancies and expressed negative emotions made unique contributions to individuals' general sense of self-dissatisfaction. Moreover, particular types of actual-ideal self-discrepancies, specific expressed emotions, and self-dissatisfaction differentially predicted symptoms of hostility and depression, as well as diminished self-worth in young adulthood, albeit differently for the two groups. The importance of cognitions and emotions in the course diverse developmental pathways and future directions of the study are discussed.
Heterogeneous optical CDMA with near-far mitigation

We demonstrate a heterogeneous-optical-CDMA system with novel detection scheme which enables truly-asynchronous operation and detection. This “wavelength-aware” detection scheme addresses the classic near-far problem and its output is well-suited for classical clock and data recovery.
Rapid ice retreat in Disko Bugt supported by 10Be dating of the last recession of the western Greenland Ice Sheet

10 Be dating abstract Due to rising sea levels and warming ocean currents, marine-based sectors of the Greenland and Ant- arctic ice sheets are particularly vulnerable to warming climate. Reconstructions of the timing of marine- based ice margin fluctuations in Greenland during the early Holocene can provide context for historical and modern observations of ice-sheet change. Here, we generate a 10 Be chronology of ice-sheet retreat through Disko Bugt, western Greenland. Our new chronology, consisting of twelve 10 Be ages from sites surrounding and within Disko Bugt, fills a gap in the history of the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet and allows for a continuous composite record of ice-margin recession between the continental shelf break and the current margin. We constrain the onset of ice-margin retreat from outer Disko Bugt to 10.8 � 0.5 ka. When combined with previous chronologies, these results place the final Greenland Ice Sheet retreat out of Disko Bugt onto land at Jakobshavn Isfjord and Qasigiaanguit at 10.1 � 0.3 ka, and later at 9.2 � 0.1 ka in southeastern Disko Bugt. The rate of retreat during this time period is between w50e450 m a � 1 for central Disko Bugt and w50e70 m a � 1 along the southern coast of Disko Bugt.
Ammonia decomposition over 430-SS etched metal catalysts

Le 430-5s est un catalyseur fer-chrome dont la surface est activee. Le processus d'activation consiste a enduire par diffusion de l'aluminium sur la surface du 430-5s. Le metal est ensuite attaque a l'eau forte avec une solution alcaline ou acide: le catalyseur est alors actif. La decomposition de l'ammoniac est etudiee et egalement la cinetique de la reaction
Nonverbal Communication in Veterinary Practice

Treating nonverbal communication with the thoughtfulness and observation with which we approach any other clinical problem can produce a set of skills that can be applied in every encounter. Skill development begins first with enhancing one's observations of nonverbal behavior and then diagnosing whether or not the client is feeling safe. Using one or more of the nonverbal skills when clients are feeling not-safe creates more satisfaction for the client and veterinarian and motivates clients to become full partners in their animal's care.
The kinase DYRK1A reciprocally regulates the differentiation of Th17 and regulatory T cells

The balance between Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells critically modulates immune homeostasis, with an inadequate Treg response contributing to inflammatory disease. Using an unbiased chemical biology approach, we identified a novel role for the dual specificity tyrosine- phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK1A in regulating this balance. Inhibition of DYRK1A enhances Treg differentiation and impairs Th17 differentiation without affecting known pathways of Treg/Th17 differentiation. Thus, DYRK1A represents a novel mechanistic node at the branch point between commitment to either Treg or Th17 lineages. Importantly, both Treg cells generated using the DYRK1A inhibitor harmine and direct administration of harmine itself potently attenuate inflammation in multiple experimental models of systemic autoimmunity and mucosal inflammation. Our results identify DYRK1A as a physiologically relevant regulator of Treg cell differentiation and suggest a broader role for other DYRK family members in immune homeostasis. These results are discussed in the context of human diseases associated with dysregulated DYRK activity.
Innovative Strategies to Build IT Workforce

In a world where Information Technology (IT) permeates all aspects of life and global competition is increasing, the need for trained professionals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) related disciplines is increasing more than ever. This paper describes some innovative strategies at the University of West Florida to encourage students to pursue STEM related disciplines and to help fill the IT workforce void. These strategies include curriculum redesign, novel University/Industry partnerships, K-12 outreach activities, and building awareness for STEM within the community. Initial feedback from the implementation of these strategies has been very positive.
SUMOylated SoxE factors recruit Grg4 and function as transcriptional repressors in the neural crest

A growing number of transcriptional regulatory proteins are known to be modified by the small ubiquitin-like protein, SUMO. Posttranslational modification by SUMO may be one means by which transcriptional regulatory factors that play context-dependent roles in multiple processes can be regulated such that they direct the appropriate cellular and developmental outcomes. In early vertebrate embryos, SUMOylation of SoxE transcription factors profoundly affects their function, inhibiting their neural crest–inducing activity and promoting ear formation. In this paper, we provide mechanistic insight into how SUMO modification modulates SoxE function. We show that SUMOylation dramatically altered recruitment of transcriptional coregulator factors by SoxE proteins, displacing coactivators CREB-binding protein/p300 while promoting the recruitment of a corepressor, Grg4. These data demonstrate that SoxE proteins can function as transcriptional repressors in a SUMO-dependent manner. They further suggest a novel multivalent mechanism for SUMO-mediated recruitment of transcriptional coregulatory factors.
Separating Speaker and Environmental Variability Using Factored Transforms.

Two primary sources of variability that degrade accuracy in speech recognition systems are the speaker and the environment. While many algorithms for speaker or environment adaptation have been proposed to improve performance, far less attention has been paid to approaches which address for both factors. In this paper, we present a method for compensating for speaker and environmental mismatch using a cascade of CMLLR transforms. The proposed approach enables speaker transforms estimated in one environment to be effectively applied to speech from the same user in a different environment. This approach can be further improved using a new training method called speaker and environment adaptive training method. When applying speaker transforms to new environments, the proposed approach results in a 13% relative improvement over conventional CMLLR.
Sharing presence information and message notification in an ad hoc network

Continuous wireless wide area network (WWAN) access for mobile devices in future pervasive systems may be limited by battery power and may generate extensive data telecommunication costs. In this paper we develop a new message notification protocol (MNP) to enable mobile users to maintain a continuous presence at their instant messaging (IM) server while avoiding long, idle connections. In MNP, mobile users cooperatively share a single message notification channel to reduce users' telecommunication charges and extend a device's battery life. A device may turn off its WWAN interface for most of the time to save power, and only needs to contact the IM server when needed. Precise group information does not need to be maintained by a mobile device. Message notification exchanged between the IM server and the peer group is represented by a compressed Bloom filter to further reduce the protocol overhead and provide additional privacy and security.
2006 Homer W. Smith Lecture: Taming T Cells

During my stint as a medical student and intern, nephrology was THE hot topic at Chicago's University of Illinois College of Medicine in the 1960s, and I joined a rather large contingent of students that eventually sought training in nephrology. Along with many other students I was aware of the
Psychological and marital distress in spouses of Vietnam veterans: Importance of spouses’ perceptions

Spouses of combat veterans with PTSD have greater psychological and marital distress than spouses of veterans without PTSD; however, few studies have examined how variables related to the spouses (e.g., cognitions) may play a role in their own distress. The current study examined spouses' perceptions of combat veterans' PTSD symptom severity in 465 spouses of veterans from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. Spouses' perceptions of veterans' symptom severity were positively associated with spouses' psychological and marital distress; furthermore, spouses' perceptions fully mediated the effects of veterans' self-reported PTSD severity on spouses' distress. Additionally, for spouses who provided complete data with regard to their perceptions of veterans' PTSD, distress was highest when they perceived high levels of symptoms but veterans reported low levels. These results highlight the importance of interpersonal perceptions in intimate relationships and provide preliminary groundwork for future research on cognitions in spouses of combat veterans with PTSD.
Further evidence for bias in observational studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness: the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic

Preinfluenza periods have been used to test for uncontrolled confounding in studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness, but some authors have claimed that confounding differs in preinfluenza and influenza periods. We tested this claim by comparing estimates of the vaccine-mortality association during the 2009/2010 influenza year, when there was essentially no circulation of seasonal influenza in the United States, and 2007/2008, a typical influenza year. We pooled data on seniors (adults aged ≥65 years) from 7 US managed care organizations that participated in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project. We defined influenza vaccination, all-cause mortality, and potential confounders from administrative databases. We quantified the vaccine-mortality association using Cox regression. During 2007/2008, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.44 prior to influenza season, 0.62 during influenza season, and 0.71 after influenza season. A similar pattern was observed during 2009/2010, when any effect of seasonal influenza vaccine observed during all time periods must have resulted from confounding: 0.65 during the autumn, 0.80 during the winter, and 0.84 during the summer. In a year with minimal seasonal influenza, we found no evidence that confounding in autumn preinfluenza periods is qualitatively different from confounding in winter. This supports the use of preinfluenza periods as control time periods in studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness.
A Framework for Incorporating Orienting Activities in Computer-Based Interactive Video.

A good deal of research has been published concerning the effects of orienting activities on learning. Orienting activities include advance organizers, embedded pre-questions, behavioral objectives, as well as other strategies designed to prepare the learner for instruction. This paper focuses on the presumed functions of orienting activities and the implications of such functions for the design of computer-based interactive video. In addition, the application of empiricallyfounded principles in the design and production of computer-based interactive video is described.
Has Roe v. Wade Reduced U.S. Crime Rates? Examining the Link Between Mothers’ Pregnancy Intentions and Children’s Later Involvement in Law-Violating Behavior

Rates of serious crime in the United States dropped greatly throughout the 1990s for virtually all offenses. John Donohue and Steven Levitt have argued that this reduction relates strongly to the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision that legalized the abortion of unwanted pregnancies. If such pregnancies result in children with higher lifetime risks of criminality, then the greater ability to terminate these pregnancies after 1973 should reduce crime rates. The purpose of this article is to empirically assess Donohue and Levitt’s basic premise that unwanted pregnancies result in children with significantly higher risk for law-violating behavior. This analysis addresses two questions. First, do children born of an unwanted pregnancy become more highly involved in juvenile delinquency during adolescence and criminal behavior during early adulthood? Second, do the consequences of unwanted pregnancies depend upon the social and demographic characteristics of the child and family? The authors address these two questions ...
Stoichiometric Structure-Function Analysis of the Prolactin Receptor Signaling Domain by Receptor Chimeras

The intracellular domain of the prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLr) is required for PRL-induced signaling and proliferation. To identify and test the functional stoichiometry of those PRLr motifs required for transduction and growth, chimeras consisting of the extracellular domain of either the alpha or beta subunit of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor (GM-CSFr) and the intracellular domain of the rat PRLr were synthesized. Because the high-affinity binding of GM-CSF results from the specific pairing of one alpha- and one beta-GM-CSFr, use of GM-CSFr/PRLr chimera enabled targeted dimerization of the PRLr intracellular domain. To that end, the extracellular domains of the alpha- and beta-GM-CSFr were conjugated to one of the following mutations: (i) PRLr C-terminal truncations, termed alpha278, alpha294, alpha300, alpha322, or beta322; (ii) PRLr tyrosine replacements, termed Y309F, Y382F, or Y309+382F; or, (iii) PRLr wild-type short, intermediate, or long isoforms. These chimeras were cotransfected into the cytokine-responsive Ba/F3 line, and their expression was confirmed by ligand binding and Northern and Western blot analyses. Data from these studies revealed that heterodimeric complexes of the wild type with C-terminal truncation mutants of the PRLr intracellular domain were incapable of ligand-induced signaling or proliferation. Replacement of any single tyrosine residue (Y309F or Y382F) in the dimerized PRLr complex resulted in a moderate reduction of receptor-associated Jak2 activation and proliferation. In contrast, trans replacement of these residues (i.e., alphaY309F and betaY382F) markedly reduced ligand-driven Jak2 activation and proliferation, while cis replacement of both tyrosine residues in a single intracellular domain (i.e., alphaY309+382F) produced an inactive signaling complex. Analysis of these GM-CSFr-PRLr complexes revealed equivalent levels of Jak2 in association with the mutant receptor chains, suggesting that the tyrosine residues at 309 and 382 do not contribute to Jak association, but instead to its activation. Heterodimeric pairings of the intracellular domains from the known PRLr receptor isoforms (short-intermediate, short-long, and intermediate-long) also yielded inactive receptor complexes. These data demonstrate that the tyrosine residues at 309 and 382, as well as additional residues within the C terminus of the dimerized PRLr complex, contribute to PRL-driven signaling and proliferation. Furthermore, these findings indicate a functional requirement for the pairing of Y309 and Y382 in trans within the dimerized receptor complex.
Geochemistry and petrology of late Eocene Cascade Head and Yachats Basalt and alkalic intrusions of the central Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A.

Abstract The Oregon Coast Range underwent extension and basaltic magmatism accompanying tectonic rotation during the Tertiary. Basaltic magmatism was expressed initially in submarine eruptions, but mostly in younger subaerial flows. A tholeiitic basalt series, represented by Yachats units, evolved from a depleted, low K, Rb source through a process of fractional crystallization and magma mixing. An alkalic basalt series, represented by Cascade Head units, evolved primarily by fractional crystallization from parental magmas created by lower degrees of partial melting at greater depth than the Yachats series. Camptonite, found in sills and dikes, was formed by even smaller degrees of melting of sources similar to those of Cascade Head. Small nepheline syenite intrusions, emplaced as sills into middle Eocene Tyee Formation, appear to have formed through extensive fractional crystallization of parental basanite, which is sparsely represented in the Yachats and Cascade Head basaltic lava units. Individual syenite intrusions are not directly related to each other, as each intrusion represents a relatively small batch of magma separated at different evolutionary stages from underlying magma chambers. P–T segregation conditions were estimated for primitive Coast Range basalts. These include depths of ~ 120–160 km and temperatures of 1600–1700 °C for the alkalic series represented primarily by Cascade Head units and depths of ~ 60–120 km with temperatures of ~ 1500–1600 °C for tholeiitic units. A few analyses from other Coast Range igneous units (Tillamook and Goble volcanics) suggest T–P segregations at shallower depths (~ 55–33 km) and lower temperatures (~ 1400 °C). Paired Nd and Sr isotopic analyses of four Coast Range samples fall in the enriched MORB field. The depths and high temperatures indicated for the Central Oregon Coast ancestral basalts require magma generation in the garnet peridotite stability field, with the alkalic series probably originating below the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. This would suggest an origin for the magmas in a slab window or mantle plume environment. We further suggest that major extension documented for the Coast Range may have triggered upwelling of mantle asthenosphere giving birth to a mantle plume.
Mode of Action of a Novel Nonchemical Method of Insect Control: Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Discharge

Abstract Atmospheric pressure plasma discharge (APPD) has been applied to a number of industrial applications, including the bacterial sterilization of medical equipment of bacteria. APPD may also have applications in insect control. A positive correlation was found between exposure time to APPD and mortality of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds); Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse); twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; and German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), with the level of mortality also increasing with time after treatment. Cockroaches exposed to APPD for 60, 90, 120, and 180 s lost on average 7.5 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.6, 8.7 ± 0.4, and 10.1 ± 1.1 (±1 SEM) mg of water weight, respectively, which was an increase over that of the controls. The metabolic rate of cockroaches exposed to plasma for 180 s increased from 0.79 ± 0.03 to 1.07 ± 0.04 ml of oxygen consumed mg-cockroach−1 h−1 at standard temperature an...
Brain Injury and Development in Preterm Infants Exposed to Fentanyl

Background: Fentanyl is commonly used in preterm infants. Relatively little is known regarding the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants exposed to fentanyl. Objective: To investigate the association between cumulative fentanyl dose and brain injury and diameters in a cohort of preterm infants. Methods: Data on demographics, perinatal course, and neonatal course, including total fentanyl exposure prior to term equivalent age, were retrospectively evaluated for 103 infants born at ≤30 weeks gestational age (mean gestational age 26.9 ± 1.8 weeks) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age. Magnetic resonance images were evaluated for brain injury and regional brain diameters. Developmental testing was conducted at term equivalent and 2 years of age. Results: Seventy-eight infants (76%) received fentanyl (median cumulative dose 3 µg/kg, interquartile range 1-441 µg/kg). Cumulative fentanyl dose in the first week of life correlated with the incidence of cerebellar hemorrhage afte...
Acceptance of Physical Therapist Assistant Course Work by Programs Preparing Physical Therapists

I developed and sent a questionnaire to the directors of entry-level physical therapy programs to determine if course work taken in an associate degree program could be credited toward requirements leading to a higher degree or certificate in physical therapy. I sent 86 questionnaires; 45 were returned. Results of the survey revealed that basic science courses taken by the physical therapist assistant (PTA) students are more likely to be credited (up to half of the respondents replied positively) toward a higher degree or certificate than are technical courses like therapeutic exercise, fundamentals of physical therapy, or physical modalities. Moreover, as many as 79 percent of the respondents reported that PTAs would not be granted transfer credit for their technical courses. Of those respondents whose programs do give credit for the technical courses, the courses are usually considered as elective hours. Although the concept of upward mobility appears to remain viable in the educational philosophy of the American Physical Therapy Association, students who view the associate degree program as an entry point into a physical therapy program must be aware of the problems of acceptance of PTA credits in an entry-level physical therapy program.
Superficial Facial Musculature of Aplodontia

Because of its complexity, the facial musculature of rodents is potentially useful in systematics. Facial musculature of Aplodontia rufa is struc- turally rather simple and is similar to that of the Sciuridae, though most of the similarities are conditions or structures primitive for rodents in general. Aplodontia differs from sciurids in the loss of some components of the sphincter colli profundus and in reduction of the retroauricular muscles. Some of these differences can be correlated with adaptation for burrowing in Aplodontia. A large slip of trapezius is involved with the platysma in Aplodontia, a relationship interpreted as struc- tural preadaptation for the formation of certain sorts of cheekpouch retractor muscles found in other rodents.
Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

7006 Background: A third of patients with non-small cell lung cancer are diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology. This report describes findings from the comprehensive genomic analys...
Effect of Curcumin on protection of organ function and serum levels of IL-18 in LPS-induced sepsis in rats

Objective To investigate the protective mechanisms of Curcumin on organ injury caused by LPS-induced sepsis in rats.Methods Sixty Wister male rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group(C group,n=12),the LPS-induced sepsis group(LPS group,n=24),the Curcumin treatment group(LPS+Cur group,n=24).Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS.The LPS+Cur group was injected with 50 mg/kg curcumin,immediately followed by intraperitoneal LPS injection.At 4,8,12 and 24 h after the start of experiment,blood was obtained from the inferior vena cava of rats and serum ALT,AST,Cre,BUN,IL-18 and TNF-αwere measured.Then these rats were killed by cervical dislocation at each time point and their liver and kidney tissues were kept for histological examination.Results Compared with the C group,ALT,AST,Cre and BUN levels of the LPS group were significantly increased at each time point(P0.01) and peaked at 8 h;IL-18 and TNF-α levels of the LPS group were significantly increased at 4,8,12 h(P0.01) and both peaked at 8 h while no significance was obsertved at 24 h(P0.05).Compared with the LPS group,ALT,AST,Cre,BUN,IL-18 levels of the LPS+Cur group were significantly decreased at each time point(P0.05);TNF-α levels of the LPS+Cur group were significantly decreased at 4,8,12 h(P0.05) while no significance was observed at 24 h(P0.05).Pathological changes in liver tissues of the LPS group were mainly diffuse vacuolar degeneration,scattered eosinophilic degeneration,scattered acute and chronic inflammatory cells infiltration of hepatic sinusoids,focal necrosis of liver cells,small abscess formation.Pathological changes in kidney tissues were mainly diffuse infiltration of neutrophils in glomerular,part of segmental glomerular necrosis,balloon dilatation,diffuse tubular brush border loss,part of the tube formation,local severe vacuolar degeneration.Pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues were the severest at 8 h,which was in agreement with serum biochemical and immune parameters.Pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues of the LPS+Cur group were significantly ameliorated when compared with the LPS group.Conclusions Sepsis can cause acute liver and kidney damage.IL-18 can be used to determine organ damage caused by sepsis as a detection marker.Curcumin can protect organ function from injury caused by sepsis because it can inhibit excessive production of TNF-α and IL-18 and reduce the excessive inflammatory response in sepsis.
Effects of ionizing radiation on sensorial, chemical, and microbiological quality of frozen corn and peas.

The effects of irradiation (0, 1.8, and 4.5 kGy) on the quality of frozen corn and peas were investigated during a 12-month period of postirradiation storage at −18°C. Irradiation of frozen corn and peas caused a reduction in ascorbic acid content of both vegetables and a loss of texture in peas but had no significant effects on instrumental color parameters (L*, a*, and b*), carotenoid and chlorophyll content, or antioxidant capacity of corn and peas. Irradiation reduced microbial loads of frozen peas and increased display life at 23°C of thawed peas by preserving the green color, apparently because of slower increases in the population of acid-producing microorganisms in the irradiated samples. Overall, irradiation significantly reduced the microbial load and increased the display life of peas and had minimal detrimental effects on the quality of frozen corn and peas.
Accuracy of remote chest X-ray interpretation using Google Glass technology

Abstract Objectives We sought to explore the accuracy of remote chest X-ray reading using hands-free, wearable technology (Google Glass, Google, Mountain View, California). Methods We compared interpretation of twelve chest X-rays with 23 major cardiopulmonary findings by faculty and fellows from cardiology, radiology, and pulmonary-critical care via: (1) viewing the chest X-ray image on the Google Glass screen; (2) viewing a photograph of the chest X-ray taken using Google Glass and interpreted on a mobile device; (3) viewing the original chest X-ray on a desktop computer screen. One point was given for identification of each correct finding and a subjective rating of user experience was recorded. Results Fifteen physicians (5 faculty and 10 fellows) participated. The average chest X-ray reading score (maximum 23 points) as viewed through the Google Glass, Google Glass photograph on a mobile device, and the original X-ray viewed on a desktop computer was 14.1±2.2, 18.5±1.5 and 21.3±1.7, respectively (p Conclusion Remote chest X-ray interpretation using hands-free, wearable technology (Google Glass) is less accurate than interpretation using a desktop computer or a mobile device, suggesting that further technical improvements are needed before widespread application of this novel technology.
A rodent model of in utero chimeric tolerance induction.

Background: In utero tolerance induction has potential application in pediatric heart transplantation. Immunotolerance appears to be more easily induced in the fetus before full immunocompetence is established; however, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still undefined. Methods: One hundred thirty Lewis (RT1') rat fetuses from 10 litters were inoculated intraperitoneally at 18 days gestation with 1 x 10 7 ACI (RT1 a ) rat fetal liver cells. Fifty of the 100 viable neonates successfully brought to term were grafted with neonatal ACI skin within 24 hours of birth and heterotopic ACI hearts at 8 to 10 weeks of age (group 1A); the remaining 50 neonates only received heterotopic ACI heart grafts at 8 to 10 weeks (group 1B). Control groups consisted of 50 Lewis fetuses (five litters) inoculated in utero with phosphate-buffered saline solution (group 2) and 50 Lewis fetuses (five litters) that received no inoculum (group 3); all of these surviving progeny received both neonatal ACI skin and adult ACI cardiac allografts. Skin and cardiac grafts were monitored by daily visual inspection and palpation, respectively. Limiting dilution analysis was performed among all groups to assess precursor cytotoxic lymphocyte frequencies. Likewise, peripheral blood lymphocyte and splenocyte populations were analyzed with flow cytometry to detect allogeneic chimerism. Results: Abortion rates among groups 1, 2, and 3 were 23% (30/130 abortions), 10% (5/50 abortions), and 6% (3/50 abortions), respectively. Tolerance to both ACI skin and cardiac allografts was induced in 14 of the 50 group 1A Lewis recipients (28%). Tolerance was not achieved in any of the recipients in groups 1B, 2, or 3. Limiting dilution analysis among all groups revealed a marked reduction of precursor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in tolerant allograft recipients compared with recipients in the other groups. Flow cytometry detected significant splenocyte chimerism among tolerant rats; significant peripheral blood chimerism was not noted. Conclusions: We describe allogeneic tolerance induction in utero to both rat skin and heart tissue by use of donor-strain fetal liver cells. Compared with previous studies with adult splenocytes as the tolerogen, we achieved a higher frequency of tolerance with a markedly lower cell inoculum and lower abortion rate. Allogeneic chimerism was noted in the tolerant recipients, suggesting hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies were markedly depressed in tolerant animals. Interestingly, both donor-strain fetal liver cells and neonatal skin grafts were required to induce tolerance. These data suggest a period of hematopoietic education during and shortly after hematopoietic stem cell engraftment.
Brief Report: Examination of Correlates of Adaptive Behavior in Children with HFASD using the BASC-2 Parent Rating Scale

This study extended the research on correlates of adaptive functioning of high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) using the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Second Edition (BASC-2). Specifically, this study investigated the relationships between adaptive behavior and age, IQ, and ASD symptomology, in a well-characterized sample of 119 children with HFASD, ages 6–11 years. Results revealed age and IQ were not significantly correlated with adaptive ability. However, total autism symptoms [measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)], as well as ASD-social symptoms were negatively correlated with adaptive ability. Mean comparisons revealed that participants falling into the clinically-significant range of the BASC-2 Adaptive Skills Composite (ASC) displayed significantly greater levels of both overall and social ASD symptoms.
An Inconsistency in Craig’s Defence of the Moral Argument

I argue that William Craig’s defence of the moral argument is internally inconsistent. In the course of defending the moral argument, Craig criticizes non-theistic moral realism on the grounds that it posits the existence of certain logically necessary connections but fails to provide an adequate account of why such connections hold. Another component of Craig’s defence of the moral argument is an endorsement of a particular version of the divine command theory (DCT). Craig’s version of DCT posits certain logically necessary connections but Craig fails to provide an adequate account of why these connections hold. Thus, Craig’s critique of non-theistic moral realism is at odds with his DCT. Since the critique and DCT are both essential elements of his defence of the moral argument, that defence is internally inconsistent.
Managing Uncertainty in Runoff Estimation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Stormwater Calculator

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Stormwater Calculator (NSWC) simplifies the task of estimating runoff through a straightforward simulation process based on the EPA Stormwater Management Model. The NSWC accesses localized climate and soil hydrology data, and options to experiment with low-impact development (LID) features for parcels up to 5 ha in size. We discuss how the NSWC treats the urban hydrologic cycle and focus on the estimation uncertainty in soil hydrology and its impact on runoff simulation by comparing field-measured soil hydrologic data from 12 cities to corresponding NSWC estimates in three case studies. The default NSWC hydraulic conductivity is 10.1 mm/h, which underestimates conductivity measurements for New Orleans, Louisiana (95 ± 27 mm/h) and overestimates that for Omaha, Nebraska (3.0 ± 1.0 mm/h). Across all cities, the NSWC prediction, on average, underestimated hydraulic conductivity by 10.5 mm/h compared to corresponding measured values. In evaluating how LID interact with soil hydrology and runoff response, we found direct hydrologic interaction with pre-existing soil shows high sensitivity in runoff prediction, whereas LID isolated from soils show less impact. Simulations with LID on higher permeability soils indicate that nearly all of pre-LID runoff is treated; while features interacting with less-permeable soils treat only 50%. We highlight the NSWC as a screening-level tool for site runoff dynamics and its suitability in stormwater management.
Rochester Epidemiology Project Data Exploration Portal.

INTRODUCTION The goal of this project was to develop an interactive, web-based tool to explore patterns of prevalence and co-occurrence of diseases using data from the expanded Rochester Epidemiology Project (E-REP) medical records-linkage system. METHODS We designed the REP Data Exploration Portal (REP DEP) to include summary information for people who lived in a 27-county region of southern Minnesota and western Wisconsin on January 1, 2014 (n = 694,506; 61% of the entire population). We obtained diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, from the medical records-linkage system in 2009 through 2013 (5 years) and grouped them into 717 disease categories. For each condition or combination of 2 conditions (dyad), we calculated prevalence by dividing the number of persons with a specified condition (numerator) by the total number of persons in the population (denominator). We calculated observed-to-expected ratios (OERs) to test whether 2 conditions co-occur more frequently than would co-occur as a result of chance alone. RESULTS We launched the first version of the REP DEP in May 2017. The REP DEP can be accessed at http://rochesterproject.org/portal/. Users can select 2 conditions of interest, and the REP DEP displays the overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, and sex-specific prevalence for each condition and dyad. Also displayed are OERs overall and by age and sex and maps of county-specific prevalence of each condition and OER. CONCLUSION The REP DEP draws upon a medical records-linkage system to provide an innovative, rapid, interactive, free-of-charge method to examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of 717 diseases and conditions in a geographically defined population.
Distinguishing True Progression From Radionecrosis After Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases With Machine Learning and Radiomics

Purpose Treatment effect or radiation necrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases is a common phenomenon often indistinguishable from true progression. Radiomics is an emerging field that promises to improve on conventional imaging. In this study, we sought to apply a radiomics-based prediction model to the problem of diagnosing treatment effect after SRS. Methods and Materials We included patients in the Johns Hopkins Health System who were treated with SRS for brain metastases who subsequently underwent resection for symptomatic growth. We also included cases of likely treatment effect in which lesions grew but subsequently regressed spontaneously. Lesions were segmented semiautomatically on preoperative T1 postcontrast and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging, and radiomic features were extracted with software developed in-house. Top-performing features on univariate logistic regression were entered into a hybrid feature selection/classification model, IsoSVM, with parameter optimization and further feature selection performed using leave-one-out cross-validation. Final model performance was assessed by 10-fold cross-validation with 100 repeats. All cases were independently reviewed by a board-certified neuroradiologist for comparison. Results We identified 82 treated lesions across 66 patients, with 77 lesions having pathologic confirmation. There were 51 radiomic features extracted per segmented lesion on each magnetic resonance imaging sequence. An optimized IsoSVM classifier based on top-ranked radiomic features had sensitivity and specificity of 65.38% and 86.67%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.81 on leave-one-out cross-validation. Only 73% of cases were classifiable by the neuroradiologist, with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 19%. Conclusions Radiomics holds promise for differentiating between treatment effect and true progression in brain metastases treated with SRS. A predictive model built on radiomic features from an institutional cohort performed well on cross-validation testing. These results warrant further validation in independent datasets. Such work could prove invaluable for guiding management of individual patients and assessing outcomes of novel interventions.
Imaging of the Rotator Cuff

Imaging plays a critical role in defining the extent of rotator cuff tears, which has important implications in clinical decision making, surgical planning, and prognosis. Multiple imaging modalities are available including magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and conventional radiographs, and each provides particular advantages. MR imaging and ultrasound are the most commonly used imaging modalities in the evaluation of rotator cuff pathology, as both offer detailed evaluation of rotator cuff tears with MR imaging providing a more comprehensive evaluation. CT provides information about the degree of atrophy and fatty infiltration of the cuff musculature and is useful for preoperative evaluation of the osseous integrity of the glenoid in rotator cuff tear arthropathy. Radiographs are a good initial evaluation indicating whether a massive cuff tear is likely and readily demonstrates the presence of cuff tear arthropathy.