cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Documentation of Sexual History in Hospitalized Adolescents on the General Pediatrics Service.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of sexual history taking and the associated characteristics of hospitalized adolescents in the pediatric hospitalist service. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of adolescents 14 to 18 years old who were admitted to the pediatric hospitalist service at an urban, academic children’s hospital in the Northeast from 2013 to 2015 was conducted. Repeat admissions, admissions to specialty services, and charts that noted impairment because of psychosis, cognitive delay, or illness severity were excluded. For charts that met the criteria, the admission history and physical was carefully reviewed for a notation of sexual history. For those with documentation, sexual activity status and a risk level assessment were recorded. Patient demographics and admission characteristics were extracted. χ 2 tests and logistic regression were used to examine differences between those with sexual history and those without. RESULTS: A total of 752 charts met the criteria for inclusion. The majority of adolescents were girls ( n = 506; 67.3%); the mean age was 15.7 years (SD = 1.2). Girls had 2.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.18–4.11) higher odds of documentation than boys, and older adolescents had 1.41 (95% CI 1.03–1.91) higher odds than younger adolescents. Documentation did not differ significantly on the basis of admission type (medical or psychiatric), admission time, patient race and/or ethnicity, or provider gender. Among those with a documented sexual history, risk-level details were often omitted. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual history taking does not occur universally for hospitalized adolescents. Girls were screened more often than boys despite similar rates of sexual activity. The inpatient admission may be a missed opportunity for harm-reduction counseling and adherence to sexually transmitted infection testing guidelines.
Regulation of Hate Speech and Pornography after R. A. V.

This Essay on the regulation of hate speech and pornography addresses both practicalities and principles. I take it as a given that we live in a society marred by racial and gender inequality, that certain forms of speech perpetuate and promote this inequality, and that the uncoerced disappearance of such speech would be cause for great elation. I do not take it as a given that all governmental efforts to regulate such speech thus accord with the Constitution. What is more (and perhaps what is more important), the Supreme Court does not, and will not in the foreseeable future, take this latter proposition as a given either. If confirmation of this point were needed, it came last year in the shape of the Court's opinion in R.A.V. v City of St. Paul.' There, the Court struck down a so-called hate speech ordinance, in the process reiterating, in yet strengthened form, the tenet that the First Amendment presumptively prohibits the regulation of speech based upon its content, and especially upon its viewpoint. That decision demands a change in the nature of the debate on pornography and hate speech regulation. It does so for principled reasons-because it raises important and valid questions about which approaches to the regulation of hate speech and pornography properly should succeed in the courts. And it does so for purely pragmatic reasons-because it makes clear that certain approaches almost surely will not succeed. In making this claim, I do not mean to suggest that all efforts to regulate pornography and hate speech be suspended, on the
Fuel Injection and Flameholding in High Speed Combustion Systems

This paper provides an overview of proposed fuel injection and flameholding methodologies for incorporation in the combustion chamber of the scramjet engine. These approaches include parallel injection with and without swirl, transverse injection, injection adjacent to a stabilizing step, and the shock-induced mixing concept. Important advantages and disadvantages of the approaches will be discussed in light of fundamental experimental and/or theoretical studies that apply to the specific reacting flow situations. An overview of current modeling efforts at UCLA directed toward representation of the transverse fuel jet in compressible crossflow is also provided.
Expression of axl, a transforming receptor tyrosine kinase, in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

We previously reported the cloning, and characterization of a receptor tyrosine kinase, axl, from two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Herein, we describe the expression pattern of axl in normal and malignant hematopoietic tissue axl message is detected in normal human bone marrow but not significantly in normal blood leukocytes. Cell separation experiments showed that axl is expressed in hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor and marrow stromal cells, at low levels in peripheral monocytes, but not in lymphocytes or granulocytes. Consistent with the normal pattern of axl expression, axl RNA was found predominantly in diseases of the myeloid lineage: 39 of 66 (59%) patients with myeloproliferative disorders (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase, CML in myeloid blast crisis, and myelodysplasia) showed significant axl transcription, as compared with 1 of 45 (2%) lymphoid leukemias (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and CML in lymphoid blast crisis). Treatment of K562 cells with the phorbol ester, 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), administration of interferon alpha (IFN alpha) to normal monocytes, and treatment of U937 cells with TPA and IFN tau significantly induced axl expression, supporting a role for this kinase in the intracellular signaling of myeloid cells through a variety of biochemical pathways. These results suggest that the axl kinase may be operative in normal and malignant myeloid biology.
Perspective on AMD Pathobiology: A Bioenergetic Crisis in the RPE

AMD is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. The dry form of AMD, also known as atrophic AMD, is characterized by the death of RPE and photoreceptors. Currently, there are no treatments for this form of the disease due in part to our incomplete understanding of the mechanism causing AMD. Strong experimental evidence from studies of human donors with AMD supports the emerging hypothesis that defects in RPE mitochondria drive AMD pathology. These studies, using different experimental methods, have shown disrupted RPE mitochondrial architecture and decreased mitochondrial number and mass, altered content of multiple mitochondrial proteins, increased mitochondrial DNA damage that correlates with disease severity, and defects in bioenergetics for primary RPE cultures from AMD donors. Herein, we discuss a model of metabolic uncoupling that alters bioenergetics in the diseased retina and drives AMD pathology. These data provide the rationale for targeting the mitochondria in the RPE as the most efficacious intervention strategy if administered early, before vision loss and cell death.
The Evolution of the South Korea–United States Alliance

In contrast to previous studies of the South Korea-United States alliance, Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig analyze the bigger picture, including the history, economics, security, alliance structure, politics, and the future of the alliance. Taking alliance theory as a starting point, the authors argue that the alliance provides an ideal case study to examine how the political development and economic growth of junior partners impact an alliance. As South Korea's capabilities and ambitions have grown, the alliance has evolved from an asymmetric regional security relationship to an economic partnership with global interests, while China's rise and North Korea's nuclear development mean that South Korea remains of strategic importance for American interests in East Asia. This book will be read both as a major contribution to Korean studies and the study of alliance politics and theory.
It’s Not Over until the Big Ion Dances: Potassium Gets Its Groove On

In a recently published paper in Chem, Zhu, Zhang, Yan, and colleagues unlock diffusion pathways for potassium ions within a double-layered V2O5 structure and demonstrate a potassium-ion battery with unprecedented performance characteristics including an average voltage of 3.2 V, an initial capacity of 131 mAh·g−1, and rapid charge/discharge capabilities even at high rates. The study serves as a remarkable illustration of the utility of mining metastable phase space to identify structural motifs that allow for mitigation of the diffusion challenges plaguing larger cations.
Identifying Aesthetically Appealing Upper Eyelid Topographic Proportions.

BACKGROUND The goal of upper eyelid procedures is to restore or create the ideal proportions between the pretarsal space and the upper lid fold. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to define the topographic features of the attractive upper lid. METHODS Caucasian female frontal facial photographs were obtained from public media and periorbital areas were cropped. A total of 294 photographs of eyes were rated by 6 evaluators using a 4-point Likert scale. Eyes rating an average ≥3.5 were defined as "attractive," whereas those rated ≤2.0 were defined as "unattractive" and analyzed using Adobe Illustrator. RESULTS Fifty-one and 19 eyes were included in the attractive and unattractive cohorts, respectively. (Upper lid foldPretarsal) shows ratios averaged between 1.8 and 3.0 among attractive eyes, and larger ratios were observed laterally. These ratios were significantly larger laterally among attractive vs unattractive eyes (P ≤ 0.003). The lash line peak (P < 10-4), lid crease peak (P < 10-3), and brow peak (P < 0.05) were significantly more lateralized in attractive eyes. CONCLUSIONS Attractive eyes tend to exhibit decreased pretarsal show. However, there is pronounced variability in these ratios among attractive eyes, suggesting the importance of other features. Interestingly, progressive lateralization of the lash line, lid crease, and brow peaks appears to be an undescribed feature common to attractive eyes. Knowledge of attractive eyelid features may be an important consideration for planning and optimization of upper lid rejuvenation procedures.
Damping trapped modes in an in-vacuum undulator at a synchrotron radiation light source

In-vacuum undulators have been widely operated in many synchrotron radiation facilities across the world. They usually are required to be operated at a smaller magnet gap than those of other undulators. Thus, operating challenges including impedance effects on the stored electron beam are introduced by these devices. In this paper, we report the efforts in solving the problem of coupled-bunch instabilities caused by an in-vacuum undulator in the SPEAR3 storage ring. Using beam based measurements, cold rf measurements, and numerical simulations, the source of the beam instabilities is characterized as trapped modes in the vacuum chamber. Using numerical models, we explored several approaches to reduce the strength of the trapped modes and found that ferrite dampers were the most effective and simplest way for mode damping in our SPEAR3 in-vacuum undulator. The results of the first rf cold measurement on an in-vacuum undulator equipped with these ferrite dampers agree well with numerical simulations.
Integrating Complex Systems Methods to Advance Obesity Prevention Intervention Research

Background. Whole-of-community interventions have been recommended and show promise for preventing obesity; however, research to understand the mechanisms underlying their success or failure is lacking. Complex systems approaches may be useful to address this gap. Purpose. To describe the evolution and utilization of qualitative and quantitative complex systems methods to understand and model whole-of-community obesity prevention interventions. Approach. We illustrate the retrospective qualitative development of a systems map representing community change dynamic within the Shape Up Somerville (SUS) intervention. We then describe how this systems map, and complementary work of other successful obesity prevention interventions (Romp & Chomp intervention), informed the COMPACT (childhood obesity modeling for prevention and community transformation) study. COMPACT's design aligns complex systems science principles and community-engaged research to better understand stakeholders' leadership roles in whole-of-community interventions. We provide an overview of the complex systems tools used in COMPACT: agent-based modeling, group model building, and social network analysis and describe how whole-of-community intervention stakeholders ("agents") use their social networks to diffuse knowledge about and engagement with childhood obesity prevention efforts, laying the groundwork for community readiness for sustainable change. Conclusion. Complex systems approaches appear feasible and useful to study whole-of-community obesity prevention interventions and provide novel insights that expand on those gained from traditional approaches. Use of multiple methods, both qualitative and quantitative, from the complex systems toolkit working together can be important to success.
Switched Capacitor Converter with Flexible Voltage Gain and 99.2% Efficiency Utilizing Autotransformer

This paper presents a novel topology for bidirectional power transfer between an Energy Storage System and a DC Microgrid. The topology provides a cost-effective, high-efficiency approach to extend the voltage gain range of a switched capacitor converter with only addition of an autotransformer. The proposed non-isolated topology is derived from an isolated dual active bridge (DAB) converter. In which, the flexible voltage gain is realized by selecting of the turn's ratio of an autotransformer with bidirectional phase-shift modulation. A 30 kW prototype is designed, manufactured, and tested. It has verified the operating principle of the proposed converter with 99.2% peak measured power conversion efficiency.
Psychogenic and Neurogenic Abnormalities after Perinatal Insecticide Exposure

The purposeful application of chemical agents to control or eradicate organisms deemed undesirable by a society (“pests”) is a practice rooted in antiquity. Implicit in such practice is the assumption that the effect of the applied pesticide will be injurious to the undesirable organism but will not affect nontarget species. Historically, the earliest chemicals used to destroy insect pests included sulfur, inorganic salts, and naturally occurring products such as nicotine from the tobacco plant, rotenone from the powdered roots of Derris elliptica and D. mallaccensis (Southeast Asia) or Lonchocarpus utilis and L. urucu (South America), and pyrethrum extracted from Chrysanthemum cinerareaefolium (Kenya) (Hayes, 1982). Since the 1800s, however, many agents having insecticidal activity have been synthesized for widespread application. Today, the pesticides, and in particular the insecticides, are perhaps the most ubiquitous of the potentially harmful chemicals encountered in the environment.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling of mixing effects for crystallization in coaxial nozzles

Abstract A leading method for the crystallization of pharmaceutical compounds is to rapidly mix an antisolvent with a solvent saturated with the desired drug. Compared to cross-flow mixers, coaxial nozzles have negligible buildup of crystalline material on their surfaces and are less likely to plug. Rather than requiring moving parts, the inlet velocities of the input solvent and antisolvent streams provide the necessary mechanical energy for turbulent mixing. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), micromixing modeling, and the population balance equation (PBE) are coupled in the simulation of coaxial nozzle crystallization of lovastatin-saturated methanol by intense mixing with the antisolvent water. The simulations show that flow rates of inlet streams have a profound effect on crystal size distribution (CSD), which is caused by different degrees of inhomogeneity in the supersaturation and nucleation and growth rates. Other important process parameters are pipe length of pipe downstream of the injection point and the inner and outer pipe diameters. To the authors' knowledge, this is the most detailed simulation study on coaxial crystallizers reported to date. The simulation results show the feasibility of tailoring a specific crystal size distribution by adjusting the operating conditions (such as inlet stream velocities) of the coaxial crystallizer.
Individual-Multinational Study of Internet Use: The Digital Divide Explained by Displacement Hypothesis and Knowledge-gap Hypothesis

The digital divide phenomenon manifests both within and between developed and less-developed countries. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical foundation for digital divide research and, subsequently, to identify patterns of internet adoption and use based on individual behaviors of long-established media systems and variables traditionally employed to predict the digital divide. The knowledge gap hypothesis and the displacement hypothesis, both from the communications literature, are utilized in combination to study digital inequality and to make clearer the role of time spent with traditional media in the perpetuation of the digital divide.
A 19.2GOPS, 20mW adaptive FIR filter

We implemented a 48-tap, mixed signal adaptive FIR filter with 8-bit input and 10-bit output resolution. The filter stores its tap weights in nonvolatile analog memory cells and adapts using the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. We run the input through a digital tapped delay line, multiply the digital words with the analog tap weights using mixed-signal multipliers, and adapt the tap coefficients using pulsed-based feedback. The accuracy of the weight updates exceeds 13 bits. The total die area is 2.6 mm/sup 2/ in an 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS process. The filter delivers a performance of 19.2 GOPS at 200MHz, and consumes 20mW providing a 6mA differential output current.
Stochastic Nuclear Reaction Theory: Breit-Wigner Nuclear Noise

Our present understanding of neutron-nucleus interaction is largely based on Bohr’s statistical compound nucleus model.1 However, theoretical developments based on quantum corrections2 to Bohr’s model, together with considerable improvements in neutron spectroscopy have predicted and revealed the presence of marked fluctuations in the neutron cross sections of both fissile and fertile nuclei. These fluctuations are wider than the sharp resonances associated with the compound nucleus levels and narrower than the broad structure due to the energy dependence of the neutron penetration coefficients. They, in fact, represent departures from the statistical compound nucleus model in localized energy regions, leading to an intermediate structure which is not predicted by Bohr’s model. The observed enhancement of the neutron cross section is due to the presence of doorway states3,4 in the neutron channel or in the fission channels in fissile nuclei. The understanding and detection of this intermediate structure is of great relevance both in nuclear reaction theory and for the calculation of nuclear reactor parameters.
Production of the Smallest QED Atom: True Muonium ( μ + μ − )

The 'true muonium' ({mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) and 'true tauonium' ({tau}{sup +}{tau}{sup -}) bound states are not only the heaviest, but also the most compact pure QED systems. The rapid weak decay of the {tau} makes the observation of true tauonium difficult. However, as we show, the production and study of true muonium is possible at modern electron-positron colliders.
A linear systems approach to watershed transport simulation

Models that simulate loadings of pollutants from agricultural landscapes to surface waters often operate at time scales that are relatively coarse (e.g. daily) compared with how fast water moves in streams, suggesting a commensurate physical scale that is substantially larger than typical agricultural fields. In general, as pollutants enter water and move downstream, longitudinal dispersive effects and travel time de-synchronization tend to cause flattening and broadening of concentration peaks—an effect with implications for potential impacts on ecological and human health, and for which adequate representation is thus important for risk assessment. In-stream transport is often approximated in practice using numerical implementation of the one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation (ADE), with streams discretized into linked homogeneous segments. However, when a daily time step is employed, limitations inherent in the finite difference methodology may constrain simulated dispersion in lotic waters to unrepresentative or unrealistic magnitudes. In this paper, a convolution-based approach to surface water transport is suggested as an alternative to the ADE, for use in combination with daily input loading models. This approach offers the advantage of greater flexibility in representing longitudinal mixing by using impulse response functions (IRF) to represent inter-segment transport. Networks of stream segments are represented using nested convolutions, implemented using forward and inverse discrete Fourier transform to simplify calculations. Enhanced representational flexibility arises from the freedom afforded the modeller in selecting each segment's IRF, which may be chosen to represent dispersive regimes ranging from pure advection (plug flow) to compete mixing, and beyond to the sort of long-tailed mixing characterized by fractal inverse frequency power-law scaling. The approach is explored in proof-of-concept exercises that make use of atrazine monitoring data sets collected over common time periods from upstream and downstream locations within the same watersheds. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) assays for testing fine‐needle aspiration specimens in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal carcinoma is a distinct form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at the morphologic, epidemiologic, and molecular levels. In contrast to nonHPV–related HNSCC, HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma has had a dramatic, increasing incidence in the United States over the past 3 decades. In many institutions, including ours, greater than 80% to 90% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which occur primarily in the palatine tonsil and base of tongue, are associated with high risk-HPV (HR-HPV) types, predominantly HPV type 16 (HPV16). Cancer in these patients is driven by the production of the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which interfere with p53 and pRb tumor-suppressor pathways. A consequence of this includes the overexpression of p16, which, in selected clinical contexts, can be used as an immunohistochemical surrogate marker of HR-HPV infection. HPVrelated HNSCCs often are associated with an improved response to therapy; therefore, the diagnosis of HPVrelated HNSCC has potentially important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Because of the tendency of HPV-related HNSCC to metastasize to cervical lymph nodes, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is frequently used for its initial evaluation and diagnosis. In this context, accurate and efficient testing methods for HR-HPV are needed for the evaluation of HNSCCs in cytologic preparations. The article by Guo et al in this issue of Cancer Cytopathology addresses the validity of using the Cervista HPV16/18 and Cervista HPV HR assays [Hologic, Inc., Marlborough, Mass], 2 of several US Food and Drug Administrationapproved methods for testing HPV in cervical cytology specimens, for the detection of HR-HPV in FNA specimens of HNSCC. The availability of valid methods, such as that described by Guo et al, for detecting HRHPV in FNA specimens of HNSCC is important for multiple reasons. First, as alluded to previously, the demonstration of HR-HPV in HNSCC has significant implications for patient prognosis, because many of these patients will have improved outcomes in terms of overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival compared with patients who have non-HPV–related HNSCC. The typical patient with HPVrelated HNSCC is a middle-aged man, nonsmoker, and nondrinker with sexual risk factors for oral HPV infection, and low T and high N in the TNM staging system. That being said, a group of HR-HPV-related HNSCCs remains in which the prognosis appears to be further modified by other features, such as TP53 mutations and expression of Bcl-2. Biomarkers like these are currently the subject of much research, because they have the potential to influence the therapeutic approach in patients with HPV-related HNSCC. Although changes in the management of patients with HPV-related HNSCC, such as de-escalation therapies, are currently limited to clinical trials, in the very near future, the demonstration of HPV positivity is likely to
Platform-Specific Code Generation from Platform-Independent Timed Models

Many safety-critical real-time embedded systems need to meet stringent timing constraints such as preserving delay bounds between input and output events. In model-based development, a system is often implemented by using a code generator to automatically generate source code from system models, and integrating the generated source code with a platform. It is challenging to guarantee that the implemented systems preserve required timing constraints, because the timed behavior of the source code and the platform is closely intertwined. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a model transformation approach for the code generation. Our approach compensates the platform-processing delays by adjusting the timing parameters in system models, based on an Integer Linear Programming problem formulation. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach via a case study of infusion pump systems. Experimental results show that the code generated using our approach can better preserve the timing constraints.
Effect of intratumoral injection of carboplatin combined with pluronic P85 or L61 on experimental colorectal carcinoma in rats.

Pluronic, a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) block copolymer, has been shown to enhance the cytotoxic activity of anticancer drugs in various cell lines. In the current study the effect of Pluronic P85 (P85) and Pluronic L61 (L61) on the intratumoral chemotherapy of an experimental adenocarcinoma in rats was examined. A total of 120 subcutaneous tumors (4 per rat) were inoculated in 30 BDIX rats and were treated weekly for 4 weeks with intratumoral injection of carboplatin (CPt) alone or with either P85 or L61. Tumors were monitored weekly and were excised at the endpoint for histologic evaluation. The effect of Pluronic on levels of intracellular ATP was explored as a possible mechanism of sensitization. Results showed that tumors treated with low-dose CPt (2.8 mg/kg) and P85 or L61 exhibited significant reductions in tumor volume after 28 days relative to Day 0 (112.7% ± 34.4%, n = 15; 131.3% ± 55.6%, n = 8) compared with tumors treated with free drug (339.4% ± 75.0%, n =...
Shifting Attention Back to Students within the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol.

The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) is increasingly used as an instructional framework to help elementary and secondary teachers support English language learners (ELLs). This useful tool has helped teachers gain the knowledge, skills, and dispositions they need to support ELLs learn subject-area content and skills while learning English, but the SIOP can still be improved to enhance teacher learning. Specifically, the authors of this study worry that the SIOP prompts teachers to focus on themselves rather than attending and responding to students’ thinking, actions, and sense-making in the classroom. They provide three suggestions that could complement the current SIOP model: (1) additional features that help teachers attend and respond to students’ contributions, (2) supplementary reflective prompts to help teachers consider how their instructional choices impact students, and (3) principles from successful professional development programs that support teachers’ abilities to respond to students during moment-to-moment instructional interactions.
Stock Repurchases and Excess Returns: An Empirical Examination

The excess returns associated with repurchase announcements are viewed largely as a reaction to management's statement that the firm's shares are underpriced; management's signal provides new information that enhances the firm's market value. Although earlier studies have found the excess return to be closely related to the premium set by managment, other factors play a part in determining both the market reaction and the premium level set by management. Among these factors ar relative market capitalization, holdings by institutions, immediate alternative uses for cash, level of insider control, recent stock price performance, relative size of the tender offer, and the resultant change in the firm's capital structure.
Photonucleon and photopion production from 400 MeV electrons in thick copper targets

Abstract Electron-photon cascade calculations have been carried out for 400 MeV electrons incident on a thick (infinite) copper target. The photon track length per unit energy from these calculations has been used in conjunction with a recently developed model of photonucleon and photopion production from photon-nucleus collisions to calculate the energy and angular distributions of high-energy photo-nucleons and photopions produced by 400 MeV electrons in a thick copper target.
BLOOD GROUP CHIMERA-PROBABLY A RESULT OF DISPERMATIC FERTILIZATION OF OVUM AND ITS UNEXTRUDED FIRST POLAR BODY

BLOOD GROUP CHIMERA-PROBABLY A RESULT OF DISPERMATIC FERTILIZATION OF OVUM AND ITS UNEXTRUDED FIRST POLAR BODY
Stress-Strain Relationships in Yarns Subjected to Rapid Impact Loading Part IX: Effect of Yarn Structure

Samples of high-tenacity deacetylated cellulose acetate yarn were braided or plied and twisted by various amounts. Stress-strain data were obtained on these yarns at conventional rates of straining and under conditions involving transverse and longi tudinal impact at velocities near 40 m/sec. Strain-wave velocities were also measured. The effects of twisting and braiding were the same at high rates of straining and at conventional rates of straining. The addition of twist or braid caused the following effects. The initial slope of the stress-strain curve and the strain-wave velocity de creased. The bend in the curve at the yield stress became less sharp so that the stress- strain curve became more linear. The breaking tenacity decreased and the breaking elongation increased. The work required to break a unit mass of yarn material re mained unchanged. The calculated value of the longitudinal critical velocity at which a specimen breaks immediately upon impact in tension remained unchanged. Calculated trans...
Carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix, stage 1B-IIA-B, ≥6 cm in diameter: Irradiation alone vs preoperative irradiation and surgery☆

This is an analysis of 123 patients with Stage IB-IIA-B carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix, 6 cm or greater in diameter, who were treated with curative intent at the University of Florida with radiation alone or radiation followed by a hysterectomy between October 1964 and February 1982. There is a minimum follow-up of 2 years in all patients; 87% of all recurrences and 91% of pelvic recurrences occurred within this time period. Examination of pelvic control rates, as well as disease-free survival, showed no significant advantage in pelvic control, disease-free survival, or absolute survival for either treatment group when compared by stage and tumor size. The incidence of severe complications was 6% for patients treated with irradiation alone and 15% for those treated with irradiation and surgery (p = 0.119).
Teaching for Deep Learning.

The authors have been engaged in research focused on students' depth of learning as well as teachers' efforts to foster deep learning. Findings from a study examining the teaching practices and student learning outcomes of sixtyfour teachers in seventeen different states (Smith et al. 2005) indicated that most of the learning in these classrooms was characterized by reproduction, categorizing of information, or replication of a simple procedure. In addition to these and other findings, in this article, the authors provide a definition of surface and deep learning and describe the structure of the observed learning outcome taxonomy, which was used to evaluate depth of learning. The authors also provide implications for practitioners interested in fostering deep student learning.
A Systematic Approach to Engineering Knowledge Organization and Modeling

Capturing engineering domain knowledge is a challenging problem due to several factors such as the complexity of the knowledge as well as the multiplicity of the representation techniques with varying underlying syntax and semantics. The existing approaches for knowledge capture and organization in engineering are typically ad hoc in nature, which inhibit efficient knowledge sharing and deployment. The objective of this paper is to introduce a systematic methodology for knowledge capture, organization, and modeling in the manufacturing domain. The proposed methodology focuses on the conceptualization phase and utilizes Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) early in the process for creating a controlled vocabulary, or thesaurus, in the domain of interest. The resulting SKOS-based thesaurus is a lightweight ontology that helps identify the core concepts that will be translated into formal classes in an axiomatic ontology such as MSDL. The proposed methodology is discussed with the aid of examples from metal casting domain. Also, use of Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) for representation of constraint knowledge is discussed in this paper.© 2012 ASME
Deep seabed mining regulations

The first step toward implementing national seabed mining legislation has been taken by publishing proposed deep seabed mining regulations. Under the 1980 Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act, which encourages continued development of American seabed mining technology, the proposed regulations were due by March, with final regulations being due by September. In addition to developing rules for American seabed miners, the act authorized recognition of licenses issued by other seabed mining nations and encourages entry into force of an acceptable law of the sea treaty. Provisions of the act consistent with a law of the sea treaty will remain in effect if such a treaty comes into force for the United States. Implementation of the act, including establishing reciprocal arrangements with other nations that enact ocean mining legislation, will provide a more stable investment climate for the seabed mining industry and will encourage early exploitation of manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper from deep seabed manganese nodules. The U.S. imports virtually all of its manganese, cobalt, and nickel. Seabed mining could make the U.S. self-sufficient in these metals.
Relative motions between Eurasia and North America in the Bering Sea region

Knowledge of the relative motion of the North American and Eurasian plates during the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic provides insight into the observed timing and style of deformational events in the Bering Sea region. Periods of strong convergence from ≈ 70 to ≈ 50 Ma (Maastrichtian to Paleocene) are correlated with compressional deformation between the Chukotsk Peninsula and northern Alaska and movement along the Denali fault. The convergence may also be the cause of a previously proposed counterclockwise rotation of western Alaska. Transform motion between these plates from 50 to 38 Ma (Middle to Late Eocene) correlates with subsidence of the Bering Shelf, creation of a series of pull-apart basins along the Bering margin and cessation of calc-alkaline volcanism in western Alaska. Slight compressive convergence from 37 Ma to the present may be responsible for the anticlinal deformation of basin filling sediments in the Anadyr and Khatyrka basins.
Dashboards in your future

In the 1980s and 1990s, it was fashionable to speak of executive information systems (EIS) as a wave of the future. There were specific conferences on EIS applications. IBM, as well as smaller software companies, offered products to business markets that needed this information outside the military, which had established systems for intelligence analysis.
The presence of 202Pb in 203Pb samples

The presence of the long-lived radionuclide 202Pb as an impurity in commercially available 203Pb is demonstrated. A solvent-extraction technique is used to extract the 202Tl daughter. The amount of the impurity is then determined by gamma-ray measurements on the 279-keV gamma-ray from 203Pb and the 439-keV gamma-ray from the 12-day 202Tl.
Bound States of Guided Matter Waves: An Atom and a Charged Wire

We argue that it is possible to bind a neutral atom in stable orbits around a wire charged by a time-varying sinusoidal voltage. Both classical and quantum-mechanical theories for this system are discussed, and a unified approach to the Kapitza picture of effective potentials associated with high-frequency fields is presented. It appears that cavities and waveguides for neutral-atomic-matter waves may be fashioned from these considerations
Characteristics of the radiation damage seen in the silicon microstrip detector of Fermilab experiment E771

Abstract The central region of the silicon microstrip detector used in Fermilab experiment E771 was subjected to a peak fluence of 9.5 × 1013 p/cm2 induced by 800 GeV protons over a two-month period. Fourteen 300 μm thick planes manufactured by Micron Semiconductor were operated at bias voltages ranging from 84 to 109 V. Analysis of data from low intensity beam triggers taken near the end of the run shows that the mean pulse height from our amplifiers began to decline at a fluence of approximately 2 × 1013 p/cm2 and fell to near zero by 6 × 1013 p/cm2. We show that the use of fast amplifiers contributed to this early loss of signal.
The use of hexamethyl-p-rosaniline chloride as an ingredient in poultry feed.

Hexamethyl-p-rosaniline chloride (HRC), also known as crystal violet or gentian violet, is a water soluble, triphenylmethane dye with bacteriostactic, fungistatic and antihelminthic activities. It has a wide range of uses, from a treatment in humans to an additive for poultry feeds. In the poultry industry, this compound has been proven as a fungicidal agent in feed, a selective bactericide against gram-positive bacteria, and has demonstrated inhibitory effects against the activity and infectivity of various strains of viruses including Newcastle disease and fowl-plague virus. At normal inclusion rates (0.5 to 1 kg/MT final feed), commercial products such as GV-11 (Naremco, Inc.) failed to be detected in broiler meat. High levels of consumption of gentian violet can be toxic to animals, with the single dose LD50 for GV-11 determined to be between 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg body weight.
Dual crossing symmetric models with regge cuts

We investigate a class of dual crossing symmetric models which generate an infinite series of Regge cuts. The amplitudes contain Regge poles dual to finite width resonances and multi-reggeon cuts dual to multi-resonance cuts. We discuss the analyticity and asymptotic behaviour associated with these models and indicate how the pomeron might be incorporated.
educating physicians through advertising: Using the brief summary to teach about pharmaceutical use

Two studies were conducted testing the educational value of an enhancement of the brief summary of prescribing information that is incorporated into pharmaceutical ads. Called a Clinical Challenge (CC), the enhancement contains: (I) a clinical problem of importance to primary care physicians; (2) the solution to the problem; and (3) reference to pertinent information in the brief summary revealing the basis for the problem's solution. The first study, looking for evidence that the enhancement on its own could increase physician knowledge, found a 112 standard deviation increase in knowledge compared with the ad alone. The second study, comparing conventional ads with ads incorporating the CC, as also associated with about a 112 standard deviation increase in physician knowledge. The study also showed: (1) that doctors need no coaching on how to learn from Clinical Challenges; and (2) that increased physician knowledge was limited to information highlighted in the Clinical Challenges. Finally, the doctors studied reported that they appreciated the Clinical Challenges' “practical” approach.
Estradiol metabolism: An endocrine biomarker for chemoprevention of human mammary carcinogenesis

A relationship between altered metabolism of estradiol (E2) and personal or familial risk for breast cancer suggests that endocrine changes associated with ovarian function may influence initiation or promotion of carcinogenesis. Evidence for a direct effect of E2 on non-involved mammary tissue (target for carcinogenesis) is equivocal. Explant cultures of human mammary terminal duct lobular units (TDLU) from breast cancer patients are utilized to examine whether (i) E2 metabolism in TDLU is altered in response to the chemical carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], and (ii) perturbed E2 metabolism is modulated by naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C). Treatment of TDLU with 40 nM B(a)P resulted in a > 95% decrease in C2/C16α-hydroxylation ratio of E2 relative to that detected in solvent controls. This metabolic alteration was due to a specific increase in E2 C16α-hydroxylation. Exposure of TDLU prior to and during B(a)P treatment with omega-6 PUFA decreased C2/C16α-hydroxylation ratio by 38% (p < 0.001). Treatment with omega-3 PUFA and I3C increased the ratio by 318% and 376% respectively (p < 0.001), due to a specific increase in E2 C2-hydroxylation. Thus, carcinogen-induced perturbation of E2 metabolism in TDLU and its modulation by dietary modulators of rodent mammary tumorigenesis provide evidence for this endocrine biomarker as a clinically relevant endpoint for chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis.
Sonic speed and critical point measurements in ethane by the acoustic resonance method

Abstract Acoustic resonance measurements on pure ethane confined to a cavity have been used as a sensitive probe for location of the critical point. The method is similar to that used previously for the critical point determination in pure CO 2 . The sensitivity of the method derives from a strong singularity in sonic speed at the critical point. Twenty-three isochores were studied close to the critical point. These reveal bubble points, dewpoints and the critical point. A three dimensional plot (P, T, c) of the phase diagram for ethane shows this effect clearly. Comparison of the present experimental critical temperature for ethane (305.370 K) with an earlier measurement (305.379 K) by Morrison shows good agreement.
Is grandma like a lichen planus? The problem of image perception and knowledge retention in pathology

Medicine is the science of acquiring a lot of obscure knowledge and the art of knowing when to apply it, even if only once in a physician’s lifetime. Although medical experts seem to have it all figured out, being significantly better and faster than trainees, many studies have suggested that it is not only the amount of knowledge – which comes with experience – that differentiates the experts, but it is also how the knowledge is structured in memory. To acquire new knowledge, trainees will first encode both ‘surface’ (i.e., irrelevant) and ‘structural’ (relevant) features, and repeated presentations of the material will allow for dismissal of the unimportant elements from memory. However, just because knowledge has been encoded it does not mean that it is safely guarded in the physician’s memory; as with any information, if it is not tended to, it will slowly decay, and eventually it may be completely forgotten. In this study we investigated knowledge retention in a specific sub-domain of Pathology which is rarely, if ever, used by trainees. We wanted to determine the relationship between the way long-term memory is accessed (i.e., through recognition or free recall) and trainee performance. We also sought to determine whether access to long-term memory through either mechanism led to better transfer of newly acquired knowledge to never before seen cases.
A design technique for vestigial-sideband filters

Symmetry conditions are derived for the amplitude and phase response of vestigial-sideband (VSB) filters. A design technique, based on Szentirmai's frequency transformation, is described for the realization of filters which automatically satisfy these symmetry relations. The synthesis can be carried out with either the s or the z (transformed frequency) variable. It is shown that for sharply selective VSB filters the delay distortion exhibits an even symmetry around the carrier frequency. The equalization of loss and phase distortions can thus be easily carried out in the baseband. A typical design problem is described and solved to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested synthesis technique.
40Ar/39Ar dating of the Kapthurin Formation, Baringo, Kenya

The40Ar/39Ar radiometric dating technique has been applied to tuffs and lavas of the Kapthurin Formation in the Tugen Hills, Kenya Rift Valley. Two variants of the40Ar/39Ar technique, single-crystal total fusion (SCTF) and laser incremental heating (LIH) have been employed to date five marker horizons within the formation: near the base, the Kasurein Basalt at 0·61±0·04 Ma; the Pumice Tuff at 0·543±0·004 Ma; the Upper Kasurein Basalt at 0·552±0·015 Ma; the Grey Tuff at 0·509±0·009 Ma; and within the upper part of the formation, the Bedded Tuff at 0·284±0·012 Ma. The new, precise radiometric age determination for the Pumice Tuff also provides an age for the widespread Lake Baringo Trachyte, since the Pumice Tuff is the early pyroclastic phase of this voluminous trachyte eruption. These results establish the age of fossil hominids KNM-BK 63-67 and KNM-BK 8518 at approximately 0·510–0·512 Ma, a significant finding given that few Middle Pleistocene hominids are radiometrically dated. The Kapthurin hominids are thus the near contemporaries of those from Bodo, Ethiopia and Tanzania. A flake and core industry from lacustrine sediments in the lower part of the formation is constrained by new dates of 0·55–0·52 Ma, a period during which the Acheulian industry, characterized by handaxes, is known throughout East Africa. Points, typical of the Middle Stone Age (MSA), are found in Kapthurin Formation sediments now shown to date to between 0·509±0·009 Ma and 0·284±0·012 Ma. This date exceeds previous estimates for the age of the MSA elsewhere in East Africa by 49 ka, and establishes the age of Acheulian to MSA transition for the region. Evidence of the use of the Levallois technique for the manufacture of both small flakes and biface preforms, the systematic production of blades, and the use and processing of red ochre also occurs in this interval. The presence of blades and red ochre at this depth is important as blades signify a high degree of technical competence and red ochre suggests symbolic behavior.