cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐T‐175: ArcCheck Hypothesis Testing: Is Dose Error in a Phantom Applicable to the Patient?

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to present a technique by which we are able to measure the error produced by computing the delivered dose to a patient based on the dose delivered to a uniform density cylindrical phantom. Methods: ArcCHECK by Sun Nuclear (3DVH, Sun Nuclear Corp., Melbourne, FL) has the desirable ability to perform VMAT QA and configure the results in the form of a DVH similar to the original plan evaluation. In this work we examine the hypothesis that measured errors in a phantom translate very closely to those in a 3D patient. It is possible to create Verification Plans (VP) whereby the treatment fields for a lung patient are applied to both the patient data set (VPpatient) and a predefined phantom data set (VPphantom). The VP 360 arcs are subdivided into 30 degree sectors. The most useful feature of the VP is that we now have the ability to make changes. Each of the individual sectors is essentially an independent control point with alterable treatment aperture and Monitor Units. We modified a control point in the phantom (VPphantomModified) to see the effect on the patient (VPpatientModified). We tested the hypothesis in the two dimensional isocenter plane by exporting the four relevant dose matrices to MATLAB and performing the calculations as described by Sun Nuclear. Results: The amount of error greater then the traditional acceptance vale of 3% can be significant. Most of this error is concentrated in the lung and rib regions as would be expected from their greatest deviation from the uniform density in the phantom. Conclusion: This work shows a technique whereby the user of Sun Nuclear ArcCHECK can verify and quantify the hypothesis that measured dose error in a homogenous phantom is applicable to a heterogeneous patient.
Effect of capture date on nest-attempt rate of translocated sharp- tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus

Abstract Attempts to establish functioning populations of prairie grouse by translocation often are unsuccessful due to low reproduction following release. We examined the relationship between capture date and nest attempts of Columbian sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus during an effort to restore them by translocation to their historic range in northeastern Nevada, USA, during 1999–2000. After observing that females captured relatively early in the trapping period did not attempt to nest, we hypothesized that the likelihood of female insemination is positively correlated to capture date. If females captured at source leks later in the breeding season are more likely to be inseminated, then they may be more likely to nest following release than females that are not inseminated prior to capture. We found that female grouse that were captured from source leks at later dates during the lek-visitation period were more likely to nest following translocation than were females captured dur...
Water of co-ordination in insulin†

Single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance orientation studies, hydrogenion titration, and X-ray diffraction data have established that, in the rhombohedral insulin crystals which form at neutral pH, the two metal ions in a unit cell are located on a trigonal axis, each co-ordinated to three imidazole nitrogens. We have now obtained electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of deuterium oxide-substituted cupric insulin crystals. (The magnetic moment of the deuteron is about one-third that of the proton.) Resonance line narrowing is observed which, together with previous data, indicates that water molecules occupy the remaining co-ordination positions about each metal ion. We have used the measured decrease in line-width to calculate the average proton-to-metal distance. The copper to water-oxygen bond length was found to be in the range of corresponding values in the structures of small complexes determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction. This calculation of interatomic separation shows that it is essential to take into account the effect on the radial factor of the unpaired cupric spin delocalization onto the water oxygen. This delocalization was quantitated from the ligand hyperfine splitting arising from the co-ordinated nitrogens.
Self‐esteem of persons seeking dates via bars, singles clubs, and personal advertisements

The self‐esteem and self‐confidence of single adults seeking dates or mates in three date‐meeting environments—bars, singles clubs, and personal advertisements in newspapers—were investigated. No significant differences in levels of self‐esteem or self‐confidence were found among date seekers who used only one of these three meeting environments. However, date seekers who used two or more environments for meeting people had significantly lower levels of self‐esteem than date seekers using only one environment. Respondents who frequented singles bars plus used newspaper advertisements had significantly lower self‐esteem than respondents who used clubs, bars, or clubs plus bars. Levels of self‐confidence were also significantly lower for persons who employed clubs plus newspaper advertisements. No significant differences were found in respondents’ levels of satisfaction with seeking dates via these three meeting environments.
Rationale for Incorporating Queue Discharge Flow into Highway Capacity Manual Procedure for Analysis of Freeway Facilities

The freeway facilities methodology in the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is the only HCM methodology that encompasses undersaturated and congested flow regimes over multiple periods. However, the methodology is limited by its assumption of a fixed capacity threshold between the two flow regimes. The method does not consider the two-capacity phenomenon, which suggests that a drop in the throughput from theoretical capacity is observed after breakdown has occurred. A summary of the available literature on empirical evidence of the capacity drop under queue discharge conditions offers a theoretical evaluation of the impact on queue discharge flow based on shock wave theory relationships that form the basis of the queuing model used in the HCM freeway facilities method. Examples illustrate incorporating queue discharge into a freeway facilities analysis, and implications for practice are discussed.
The Library Department Head in the Context of Matrix Management and Reengineering

Academic libraries are experiencing significant organizational changes that are having an impact on the library department head. The library department head’s job has undergone a dramatic shift from what was, until relatively recently, the typical middle manager’s line command position in the bureaucratic hierarchy. Literature analyzing these changes has been reviewed and is discussed in the context of a specific effort to reengineer library technical service operations.
MO-G-17A-05: PET Image Deblurring Using Adaptive Dictionary Learning

Purpose: The aim of this work is to deblur PET images while suppressing Poisson noise effects using adaptive dictionary learning (DL) techniques. Methods: The model that relates a blurred and noisy PET image to the desired image is described as a linear transform y=Hm+n where m is the desired image, H is a blur kernel, n is Poisson noise and y is the blurred image. The approach we follow to recover m involves the sparse representation of y over a learned dictionary, since the image has lots of repeated patterns, edges, textures and smooth regions. The recovery is based on an optimization of a cost function having four major terms: adaptive dictionary learning term, sparsity term, regularization term, and MLEM Poisson noise estimation term. The optimization is solved by a variable splitting method that introduces additional variables. We simulated a 128×128 Hoffman brain PET image (baseline) with varying kernel types and sizes (Gaussian 9×9, σ=5.4mm; Uniform 5×5, σ=2.9mm) with additive Poisson noise (Blurred). Image recovery was performed once when the kernel type was included in the model optimization and once with the model blinded to kernel type. The recovered image was compared to the baseline as well as another recovery algorithm PIDSPLIT+ (Setzer et. al.) by calculating PSNR (Peak SNR) and normalized average differences in pixel intensities (NADPI) of line profiles across the images. Results: For known kernel types, the PSNR of the Gaussian (Uniform) was 28.73 (25.1) and 25.18 (23.4) for DL and PIDSPLIT+ respectively. For blinded deblurring the PSNRs were 25.32 and 22.86 for DL and PIDSPLIT+ respectively. NADPI between baseline and DL, and baseline and blurred for the Gaussian kernel was 2.5 and 10.8 respectively. Conclusion: PET image deblurring using dictionary learning seems to be a good approach to restore image resolution in presence of Poisson noise. GE Health Care
Regular dilatation is unnecessary after tubularized incised-plate hypospadias repair.

Objective To determine if patients who undergo tubularized incised-plate (TIP) urethroplasty need regular dilatation to prevent neourethral strictures or meatal stenosis. Patients and methods The follow-up of two consecutive series of patients who underwent primary TIP hypospadias repair by one surgeon was reviewed. The first 72 patients (group 1) had periodic neourethral calibrations for 1 year after repair, while the next 62 patients (group 2) had no routine dilatation, except for six patients (10%) in whom the meatus appeared to be small. Urethroscopy was performed in both groups at the time of fistula repair, skin revisions or during anaesthesia for unrelated procedures. Results There was no evidence of scarring in group 1; one case of meatal stenosis and one neourethral stricture were detected in group 2. The difference in outcome was not statistically significant (P = 0.4). Overall, the incidence of meatal stenosis was low (0.7%) and comparable with most recent series in which postoperative calibration was not used routinely. Conclusion Dilatation of the neourethra is unnecessary after TIP urethroplasty. Calibration or uroflowmetry 6 months after surgery may be useful to detect subclinical obstruction.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the barley yellow dwarf virus cap-independent translation element.

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) RNA lacks a 5' m^7GTP cap, yet it is translated efficiently because it contains a 105-base BYDV-like cap-independent translation element (BTE) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). To understand how the BTE outcompetes the host mRNA for protein-synthesis machinery, its three-dimensional structure is being determined at high resolution. The purification using transcription from DNA containing 2'-O-methyl nucleotides and preliminary crystallographic analyses of the BTE RNA are presented here. After varying the BTE sequence and crystallization-condition optimization, crystals were obtained that diffracted to below 5 A resolution, with a complete data set being collected to 6.9 A resolution. This crystal form indexes with an R_(merge) of 0.094 in the monoclinic space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 316.6, b = 54.2, c = 114.5 A, α = γ = 90, β = 105.1°.
Phonon decoherence in quantum dot qubits

The spin of an electron confined into a lateral semiconductor quantum dot has been proposed as a possible physical realization of a qubit. While the spin has the advantage of large decoherence times, operations with more than one qubit will necessarily involve orbital degrees of freedom, namely, charge, which is much more prone to decoherence. There are also alternative quantum dot qubit proposals that are entirely based on charge. We have used a realistic model to quantify the limitations imposed by acoustic phonons on the operation of quantum dot-based qubits. Our treatment includes essential aspects of the setup geometry, wave function profile and materials characteristics. The time dependence of the qubit density matrix is the presence of a phonon bath solved within the Born-Markov approximation. We find that the inclusion of geometric form factors makes the phonon-induced decoherence rates in double dot charge qubits nearly one order of magnitude lower than estimates previously in the literature. Moreover, our theoretical prediction for the quality factor of coherent charge oscillations based on phonon decoherence are higher than the values recently observed experimentally. This allows us to conclude that phonons are not the primary source of decoherence in double quantum dot qubits.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Solubilization and stabilization of human liver glycoprotein sialyltransferase.

Abstract Triton X-100 is increasingly effective in solubilizing human liver glycoprotein (asialofetuin) sialyltransferase (CMP- N -acetylneuraminate:D-galactosylglycoprotein N -acetylneuraminyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) activity as its concentration is increased in the homogenizing buffer. At the optimal concentration of 1.5% (v/v), essentially all of the homogenate sialyltransferase activity was solubilized into the supernatant fluid. Higher concentrations of Triton X-100 inhibited sialyltransferase activity. Several kinetic properties of the solubilized asialofetuin-sialyltransferase activity were compared to those of the membrane-bound enzyme(s) (in homogenates made without Triton X-100 or in resuspended pellets). No major difference was apparent, suggesting that solubilization has not significantly altered the properties of sialyltransferase. The solubilized sialyltransferase activity is quite unstable, losing approximately 50% of its activity after one week of storage at 4°C. Various detergents (Zwittergent, sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate) are differentially effective in stabilizing the solubilized activity. Sodium taurocholate (1.5%, w/v) was most effective with no loss in activity after 40 days and minimal loss (14%) after 60 days storage at 4°C. The solubilized sialyltransferase preparation retains full activity after storage in the frozen state (−20°C) for at least 159 days.
Synthesis from Examples: Interaction Models and Algorithms

Examples are often a natural way to specify various computational artifacts such as programs, queries, and sequences. Synthesizing such artifacts from example based specifications has various applications in the domains of end-user programming and intelligent tutoring systems. Synthesis from examples involves addressing two key technical challenges: (i) design of a user interaction model to deal with the inherent ambiguity in the example based specification. (ii) design of an efficient search algorithm - these algorithms have been based on paradigms from various communities including use of SAT/SMT solvers (formal methods community), version space algebras (machine learning community), and A*-style goal-directed heuristics (AI community). This paper describes some effective user interaction models and algorithmic methodologies for synthesis from examples while discussing synthesizers for a variety of artifacts ranging from tricky bit vector algorithms, spreadsheet macros for automating repetitive data manipulation tasks, ruler/compass based geometry constructions, algebraic identities, and predictive intellisense for repetitive drawings and mathematical terms.
Assessing kinetics of FES rowing in spinal cord injury patients

Nearly 1.3 million people in the United States suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI) [1], which leads to numerous secondary health conditions such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Within one year of injury, bone density decreases rapidly to osteoporotic condition. This study aims to measure the kinetics and kinematics of rowing in order to assess rehabilitation progress and to correlate with respiratory measures of work. Through this novel training therapy the SCI population is able to exercise their large muscles of the legs together with the upper limb muscles leading to increased cardiac demand. Measuring upper body force and lower limbs forces, as well as the velocity and acceleration of the chair, will help in monitoring therapy progression and in identifying optimal rowing techniques. A Concept 2 rowing ergometer was instrumented to collect data during rowing. The biofeedback received from the instrumented rower allows characterization of rowing kinetics by providing an upper body force, force loads of the lower limbs, and velocity and acceleration of the chair.
The lipid body protein, PpoA, coordinates sexual and asexual sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans.

The coexistence of sexual and asexual reproductive cycles within the same individual is a striking phenomenon in numerous fungi. In the fungus Aspergillus nidulans (teleomorph: Emericella nidulans) endogenous oxylipins, called psi factor, serve as hormone-like signals that modulate the timing and balance between sexual and asexual spore development. Here, we report the identification of A. nidulans ppoA, encoding a putative fatty acid dioxygenase, involved in the biosynthesis of the linoleic acid derived oxylipin psiBα. PpoA is required for balancing anamorph and teleomorph development. Deletion of ppoA significantly reduced the level of psiBα and increased the ratio of asexual to sexual spore numbers 4-fold. In contrast, forced expression of ppoA resulted in elevated levels of psiBα and decreased the ratio of asexual to sexual spore numbers 6-fold. ppoA expression is mediated by two developmental regulators, VeA and the COP9 signalosome, such that ppoA transcript levels are correlated with the initiation of asexual and sexual fruiting body formation. PpoA localizes in lipid bodies in these tissues. These data support an important role for oxylipins in integrating mitotic and meiotic spore development.
Effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) related deafness on pediatric cochlear implant outcomes

Objective Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a commonly recognized viral cause of perinatal sensorineural hearing loss. CMV-infected infants are also at risk for developmental neurological deficits. This retrospective study assesses the impact of CMV-induced deafness on pediatric cochlear implant outcomes. Study design and setting Thirteen patients from the Johns Hopkins pediatric cochlear implant database were identified with CMV-related deafness. A retrospective review of the medical records of the Johns Hopkins Hospital was performed. Results The mean age at implantation was 5.6 years. Follow-up audiometric data ranged from 6 to 48 months postoperatively. Mean speech perception scores were 4.5 (out of 6) following implantation. Conclusion We have shown that cochlear implants can provide useful speech comprehension to patients with CMV-related deafness. Speech recognition scores were within the range established by our overall pediatric implant population. Significance This observation underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program following implantation in these patients at risk for cognitive delay. EBM rating C
The role of kinetic versus thermal feedback in nonpremixed ignition of hydrogen versus heated air

Abstract System response S-curves for a hydrogen-air diffusion flame have been simulated numerically using detailed chemistry and transport. In particular, the globally nonpremixed ignition state has been studied in three distinct ignition regimes at pressures of 0.1, 1, and 10 atm. The role of heat release in providing “thermal feedback” at the ignition turning point is examined in detail for all three regimes. Contrary to classical notions based upon one-step overall chemistry, thermal feedback is shown to play essentially no or minimal role in the steady-state solution at the ignition turning point—either in its character or parametric dependence. In the majority of cases studied, turning point and S-curve behavior are found to exist in the complete absence of heat release, driven solely by “kinetic” feedback provided by nonlinearities in the coupled chemical kinetics. As a result, the location of the ignition turning point, which depends parametrically upon global variables such as air temperature, strain rate, pressure, and fuel concentration, is essentially governed by the kinetics of gain versus loss of key radicals in the ignition kernel. One cause of this phenomenon is the extremely small size of the radical pool at the ignition turning point, which necessarily limits the degree of localized heat release and temperature perturbation. The small radical pool is also found to decouple the problem such that, on the lower branch and around the ignition turning point, the temperature and possibly major species profiles may be solved independently of the complex chemistry involving the minor species. Furthermore, it is also suggested that when heat release is not significant at the ignition turning point, the transient ignition process (from the turning point to a diffusion flame) must begin with an induction period wherein the radical pool increases via essentially isothermal chemical kinetics before thermal feedback can ensue.
Stability conditions for multisequence systems with cyclic service

The conditions under which several multiqueue systems with cyclic service (also referred to as polling systems) will be stable are investigated. The stability conditions established are more general than those established by other authors. In particular, both station stability and system stability are considered for polling systems for which an exact analysis has been obtained and for those for which an exact analysis has not yet been obtained. >
Creating Sentence Walls to Help English-Language Learners Develop Content Literacy

The authors present an instructional scaffold for supporting English-language learners' (ELLs) development of academic language proficiency and content knowledge. They describe the construction and use of sentence walls, a visual scaffold of language to give ELLs an entry point to participation and discussions in content literacy classrooms. They acknowledge that the development of content literacy and English-language proficiency are key elements in the academic success of ELLs and propose that sentence walls can help teachers and students achieve that success.
Software integration technologies in CIM

Abstract Two CASE-tools for Computer-Integrated Manufacturing are proposed: CIMVIEW, for high level, functional, top-down integration, company-specific analysis and modelling; and CIMGLUE, for low level, bottom-up integration, and interfacing of existing applications. In CIMVIEW the user interactively builds an SA/SD dataflow model of the functions of the company. The functional decomposition of ‘bubles’ is internally converted into Lisp representation. The contents of the dataflow ‘arrows’ is derived interactively from the actual customer files or scanned paper documents and converted into hierarchic Lisp lists. The result is a Lisp model of the company functions under investigation. This model can be utilized by Lisp-based tools for many purposes, including symbolic simulation, animation, metrics, data consistency and usage checks, and the automatic generation of the interface specifications, or the automatic generation of modified forms after simplification of the dataflows. CIMGLUE is a general tool to build representation conversion programs between almost any software packages, A and B. The conversion program is built interactively, utilizing examples of package A output and package B input. Both CIMGLUE and CIMVIEW tools are described at a general level for different implementations. A CIMVIEW-prototype has been implemented based on Common Lisp and Common Windows. In the STIF (semantically transparent interfacing) method, the probably variable definitions of the transferred items are isolated outside the interface as much as possible, instead of using cross-references inside the interface. This is done by embedding some elements of the definition language of application A into the definition language of application B. A method of semantically transparent interfacing, STIF, is also defined, and two cases in which it has been applied are briefly described.
Off-flavor removal from soy-protein isolate by using liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide

The efficacy of liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO2), supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), and SC-CO2 containing 5% ethanol in the removal of off-flavors from soybean protein isolate was studied. Medium-chain aldehydes:n-butanal,n-pentanal, andn-hexanal; ketones: 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone; and alcohols: 1-butanol and 2-butanol; were the major compounds extracted. The extractions were performed at a constant fluid density of 901 kg/m3 with 100, 500, and 1000 standard liter of carbon dioxide. None of the treatments had a detrimental effect on soy-protein functionality. Headspace gas chromatography (GC) and sensory analysis of the treated samples were compared with the untreated soy isolate (control). In general, L-CO2 was the least effective, and SC-CO2 was the most effective in removing the off-flavor volatiles. Addition of ethanol as an entrainer did not improve the efficiency of off-flavor removal by SC-CO2. The results of sensory analysis correlated well with the GC analysis. Sensory analysis of a 33% (wt/vol) slurry of treated soy-protein isolate had more off-flavor notes than the dry soy isolate. Dry and slurried treated soy-protein isolates had significantly less off-flavors and significantly more acceptability than the untreated control.
Look Ma, no ARIA: generic accessible interfaces for web widgets

Once simple and static, many web pages have now evolved into complex web applications. Hundreds of web development libraries provide ready-to-use custom widgets, which can be further customized to fit the needs of individual web applications. Web developers are supposed to use ARIA specifications to make widgets accessible to screen readers; however, ARIA markup is often used incorrectly and inconsistently, and sometimes even missing in webpages altogether. Given a wide selection of widgets and a lack of proper ARIA support, accessing content of custom widgets in web pages with screen readers has been a challenge for blind users. As a result, blind users cannot benefit from the convenience of using these widgets or, even worse, get stuck on inaccessible content. In our previous work, we showed that custom dynamic widgets could be automatically detected and classified as soon as they appear in web pages. In this paper, we propose to make such widgets accessible by providing generic interfaces for widgets of a particular class. We show how this can be accomplished on the example of Web Chat widget. To demonstrate the usability of the resulting chat interface, we report on the results of a user study with 18 blind screen-reader users.
Forward-time simulations of human populations with complex diseases.

Due to the increasing power of personal computers, as well as the availability of flexible forward-time simulation programs like simuPOP, it is now possible to simulate the evolution of complex human diseases using a forward-time approach. This approach is potentially more powerful than the coalescent approach since it allows simulations of more than one disease susceptibility locus using almost arbitrary genetic and demographic models. However, the application of such simulations has been deterred by the lack of a suitable simulation framework. For example, it is not clear when and how to introduce disease mutants—especially those under purifying selection—to an evolving population, and how to control the disease allele frequencies at the last generation. In this paper, we introduce a forward-time simulation framework that allows us to generate large multi-generation populations with complex diseases caused by unlinked disease susceptibility loci, according to specified demographic and evolutionary properties. Unrelated individuals, small or large pedigrees can be drawn from the resulting population and provide samples for a wide range of study designs and ascertainment methods. We demonstrate our simulation framework using three examples that map genes associated with affection status, a quantitative trait, and the age of onset of a hypothetical cancer, respectively. Nonadditive fitness models, population structure, and gene–gene interactions are simulated. Case-control, sibpair, and large pedigree samples are drawn from the simulated populations and are examined by a variety of gene-mapping methods.
Thermal Decomposition of N -Benzylbenzenesulphonamide

THE classic investigations of Hurd and Blunck1,2 on the pyrolysis of esters have disclosed a variety of degradative pathways. Recently, the studies of several investigators have shown that the principal reaction mechanism is a unimolecular cis elimination3–5; however, the nature of the secondary decomposition mechanisms is still not clearly defined. Recent studies6–9 on this aspect of the reaction have indicated that bimolecular decompositions may be involved. In an attempt to determine the scope of these mechanisms, a study of the pyrolysis of N-benzylbenzenesulphonamide was undertaken.
Effect of Scroll Bar and Navigation Menu Co-Location on Web Performance

This study explored the effect of scroll bar and navigation menu co-location on web performance. Participants interacted with fictitious web sites that co-located the menu and scroll bar, or placed them opposite one another. We did not find support for the hypothesis that menu and scroll bar co-location would result in improved menu navigation performance. However, participants indicated a preference for co-location and found it easier and faster to use than non-co-location. The results show a strong advantage for the conventional right-side placement of the scroll bar and a potential benefit for the unconventional right-side placement of the menu.
Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells of the Mouse Incapable of Self-Replication:

SummarySmall numbers of transplanted marrow cells generate both differentiating hemic cell progeny and new undifferentiated progenitor cells. Comparable grafts of spleen cells generate only the former. Thus, hemopoietic progenitor cells consist of at least two compartments: “precursor cells” which do not self-replicate and their more primitive precursors called “stem cells.” The pool size of stem cells relative to that of precursor cells is much greater in bone marrow than in spleen of adult mice.
The Variations in Active Panel Location and Number for a Bioinspired Aircraft Gust Alleviation System

This paper presents the development of a biomimetic closed-loop flight controller that integrates gust alleviation and flight control into a single distributed system of feather-like panels over the upper and lower surfaces. This bio-inspired gust alleviation system (GAS) mimics the techniques used by birds to respond to turbulent and gusting airflow. The GAS design replicates the profile of a bird’s wing through the installation of feather-like panels across the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil, and replacement of the trailing-edge flaps. While flying through gusts, the flight controller uses a linear quadratic regulator to perform continuous adjustments to the local states through active deflection of electromechanical feathers. This system consequently offers a wide range of flap configurations that enable the vehicle to perform gust response maneuvers unachievable by standard aircraft. The GAS is developed using a 2D adaptive panel method that enables analysis of the airfoil’s aerodynamic performance during all flap configurations. The airfoil’s dynamic model is simulated to calculate the disturbances incurred during gusting flows. The flight controller tracks the vehicles velocity, angle of attack and position, and continuously performs adjustment to the orientation of each flap to induce the corrective responses to inbound gusts. The replacement of standard single trailing edge profile with the integration of a dual trailing edge (DTE) configuration offers a reduction of the aircraft’s deviation from the target flight path through the introduction of aero-braking during strong longitudinal gusts. The introduction of 6 additional surface flaps offers new flap configurations capable of minimizing the disturbances in the aircraft’s global states. Non-linear and linear dynamic models of the 8-flap GAS are compared to a traditional single control surface baseline wing and the DTE configuration. The feedback loops synthesized depend on the inertial changes of the global states; however, variations in flap configuration are compared. The integration of an 8-flap GAS provides enhancements to maneuverability and stability in turbulent intensive environments.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Analysis of Column Tortuosity for MnCl2 and Bacterial Diffusion Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Subsurface bacteria often have to travel significant distances through tortuous porous media for purposes of groundwater remediation. In modeling such processes, motile bacteria are often represented as suspended colloids, ignoring their individual swimming or diffusive properties. In fact, bacterial migration is much more profoundly affected by the presence of porous media than is that of a chemical contaminant. In this study, we use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to perform noninvasive measure ments of changes in bacterial concentration distributions across a packed column at a spatial resolution of 330 μm as a function of time. We analyze the diffusive behavior of Pseudomonas putida F1 under static conditions and compare that behavior to the diffusion of a chemical solute and of Escherichia coli NR50. Results indicate that P. putida cells experience a column tortuosity 50 times higher than that predicted from solute diffusion experiments. E. coli cells, which display shorter swimming run lengths in b...
RNA polymerase activity in liver nuclei of intact and adrenalectomized gamma-irradiated mice.

L'activite de la RNA polymerase des noyaux de foie de souris normales ou adrenalectomisees a ete examinee apres irradiation gamma de l'animal entier. L'irradiation provoque une augmentation significative de l'activite enzymatique chez les animaux normaux. Cette augmentation n'est pas observee sur les souris adrenalectomisees.
Design Methodology for Determining the Load Resistance of Heat-Treated Window Glass

ASTM E 1300-07 employs only two glass type factors to adjust the load resistance of annealed glass for heat treatment, one factor for heat-strengthened glass and one factor for tempered glass. The use of only two factors provides a simplistic approach that fails to utilize the full capacity of heat-treated glass. ASTM E 1300-07 differentiates heat-strengthened from fully tempered glass by the magnitude of the residual compressive surface stress resulting from the heat treating process. Furthermore, ranges of residual compressive surface stress are specified for both heat-strengthened and fully tempered glasses, suggesting the glass type factors should vary with the residual compressive surface stress. This article presents a rational method for determining the load resistance of heat-treated glass based on the residual compressive surface stress. A method incorporating previously accepted design principles with the addition of extensive data computation is advanced to calculate load resistance for heat-tr...
Compliance and Value Internalization in Brazil and the U.S.: Effects of Allocentrism and Anonymity

Brazilian and U.S. student samples responded to measures of behavioral intention, perceived norms, and affect regarding prosocial behaviors. Subjects were randomly assigned to either an anonymous or public condition in answering the questionnaire, and subjects were categorized as either allocentric, i.e., tending to subordinate their personal goals to the goals of others, or idiocentric, i.e., tending to subordinate the goals of others to their personal goals. The Brazilian sample indicated they would do what was expected of them and would enjoy doing so, whereas the U.S. sample reported not only less intention to do what was expected of them, but also less enjoyment regarding adherence to norms. As predicted, U.S. subjects in the anonymous condition showed less willingness to perform prosocial behaviors with high personal cost than U.S. subjects in the public condition, whereas the Brazilians did not respond differently in the two conditions. These results imply that the Brazilians have internalized ingr...
Migraine Is Associated With Livedo Reticularis: A Prospective Study

Objective.—To investigate the relationship of livedo reticularis, an ischemic dermatopathy, and migraine, an ischemic stroke risk factor. Background.—Livedo reticularis refers to the reddish-blue reticular mottling of the skin resulting from narrowing of small and medium arteries at the dermis-subcutis border. A subset of patients with livedo reticularis develop stroke in the absence of other vascular risk factors, which has been termed Sneddon syndrome. We undertook this prospective study in a non-neurology clinic to delineate further the relationship of livedo reticularis and migraine. Methods.—Patients in a general dermatology clinic were interviewed for vascular risk factors and history of migraine in accordance with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. A dermatologist, not familiar with the interview, recorded the primary dermatological diagnosis and the presence or absence of livedo reticularis on examination. Results.—Two hundred eighty-one consecutive patients (184 women and 97 men; average age, 52 years) were interviewed and examined. Seventy-five (27%) had migraine (IHS codes 1.1, 1.2) and an additional 18 (6%) had atypical migraine (IHS 1.7). Livedo reticularis was noted in 46 patients (16%), with the frequency higher in women than men (42 [23%] of 184 versus 4 [4%] of 97; P < .0001). The frequency of livedo reticularis in patients with migraine was higher than in those without migraine (24 [26%] of 93 versus 22 [12%] of 188; P = .002), and higher in female than male migraineurs (23 [32%] of 72 versus 1 [5%] of 21; P = .012). In logistic regression analysis of the women, migraine was associated with livedo reticularis (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 4.71), as well as with stroke (OR, 4.0; CI, 0.87 to 18.21), coronary artery disease (OR, 3.5; CI, 1.16 to 10.33), and deep venous thrombosis (OR, 3.2; CI, 0.98 to 10.32). Conclusions.—In women, migraine is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease, deep venous thrombosis, as well as livedo reticularis, a dermatopathy which has been pathologically linked to cerebral vasculopathy. Whether migraineurs with livedo reticularis compose a subset at higher risk of thrombosis, including stroke, deserves further investigation.
A comparison of spatially-resolved drop size and drop velocity measurements in an isothermal chamber and a swirl-stabilized combustor

A liquid fuel air-assist atomizer is characterized in both an isothermal spray chamber and a swirl-stabillized combustor. The objective is to asses the extent to which the isothermal characterization represents atomizer performance under reacting conditions and in the presence of strong, aerodynamic swirl. The technique employed for the point measurements of droplet size and droplet velocity is phase Doppler interferometry. In the isothermal chamber, comparative measurements are conducted using laser diffraction (Malvern). To explain the differences in spray behavior observed in the combustor, the droplet measurements are complemented with laser anemometry measurements of the axial and azimuthal velocity fields, and thermocouple measurements of the temperature field. The results show that, except for initial Sauter mean diameter (SMD), the spray behavior in the combustor is substantially different than that observed in the isothermal chamber. In particular, (1) the spray field in the combustor has a hollow-cone structure, (2) the radial spread of the spray widens, (3) the number density decreases by at least an order of magnitude, and (4) the SMD at points displanced from the centerline is reduced. These differences are explained by the presence of heat release and the aerodynamically induced recirculation. In addition, the droplets and fuel vapor in the widened spray boundary are found to be important to combustor stability and performance. The results establish the importance and potential of characterizing sprays within the practical, operating environment.
A New Class of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

: Newly synthesized compounds have been found to inhibit mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) in mouse brain and rat liver. A series of 2-acylamino-3-tert-aminopropiophenones acted preferentially against MAO type B (2-phenylethylamine as substrate), apparently irreversibly. 2-Decanoylamino-3-morpholinopropiophenone acted similarly in vivo toward the cerebral MAO, producing a dose-related inhibition. At high dose levels, MAO type A was also severely inhibited. The effects were produced rapidly and restoration of enzyme activity also appeared rapidly. The half-life for MAO type A could be estimated from the rate of enzyme reappearance to be 13 h. It is suggested that the amino ketones undergo a β-elimination reaction at the enzyme's active site, forming a reactive species (an α,β-unsaturated ketone), which reacts covalently with a nucleophilic group of the enzyme by a Michael addition. Some other related compounds, derivatives of phenylpropane, also showed inhibitory activity against MAO, particularly against type A (serotonin as substrate). The morpholino compound might have promise as a quickly effective, short-acting inhibitor of MAO type B.
Secure on-demand distance vector routing in ad hoc networks

We address the problem of securing route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks, proposing a lightweight, yet robust, routing protocol, the distance-vector secure routing protocol (DV-SRP). DV-SRP discovers on-demand multiple routes, which are established across the network, without explicitly providing network connectivity. DV-SRP combines the advantages of the type of route discovery first introduced by AODV, with security and, thus, resilience to adversaries that disrupt route discovery. Compared to previous proposals in the literature to secure the AODV-like route discovery, DV-SRP is either more robust, or more efficient, or more general
Probabilistic Voting-Theoretic Strategies for Resource Allocation in Heterogenous Wireless Networks

This paper investigates the issue of resource allocation in heterogenous wireless networks, where users have a choice between multiple service providers. We investigate the feasibility of modeling the allocation problem as a probabilistic voting game. In other words, competing transmitters are modeled as candidates in an election, while the receivers form the electorate. Two specific examples are analyzed in this work: a MIMO downlink power allocation game, and an OFDM-based bandwidth allocation game. The robustness and existence of equilibrium outcomes of the proposed voting games are studied in detail. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed voting-theoretic algorithms.
Correction of Rater Effects in Longitudinal Research With a Cross-Classified Random Effects Model

This study examines adverse consequences of using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) that ignores rater effects to analyze ratings collected by multiple raters in longitudinal research. The most se...
Effects of winter precipitation on automobile collisions, injuries, and fatalities in the United States

To better understand the links between winter precipitation (snow, sleet, and freezing rain) and travel risk, data on weather conditions and vehicle crashes, injuries and fatalities are gathered for 13 U.S. cities. A matched pair analysis is used to construct event-control pairs to determine the relative risk of crash, injury, and fatality. Winter precipitation is associated with a 19% increase in traffic crashes and a 13% increase in injuries compared to dry conditions. The type of winter precipitation (snowfall vs. freezing rain, ice pellets, or sleet) had no significant impact on the relative risk of crash. The relative risk of crash was significantly higher during the evening (1800–2359 local time) than during other times of the day. More intense precipitation led to increased relative risk of crash and injury compared to less intense precipitation. Relative risk of crash, injury, or fatality was not significantly higher during the first three winter precipitation events of the year as compared to subsequent events. The relative risk of both winter precipitation crash and injury showed no significant trend during the 1998–2008 period. Sensitivity of U.S. cities to winter precipitation varies from city to city in a manner that is not easily explained. Future research will be required to determine which safety interventions are most effective in each city and revise or expand safety programs appropriately.
Phase-only adaptive processing based on the direct data domain least squares approach

Generally, adaptive antenna arrays operate by changing the complex adaptive weights consisting of both magnitudes and phases applied at each of the antenna elements. However, it is easier to require the adaptive weights have only phase variation with a fixed magnitude at each of the antenna elements. Hence, this paper addresses the phase only adaptive systems whose weights have a fixed magnitude through a new phase only adaptive method based on the D/sup 3/LS, which utilize only a single snapshot of the data for adaptive processing.
A WHIPPER WHIPPED: THE SEDITION OF WILLIAM PRYNNE

‘A whipper whipped’ is a thoroughly new account of the 1634 Star Chamber case against William Prynne for publishing the seditious work Histrio-mastix. It is based upon a hitherto unused manuscript account that provides previously undisclosed information about the proceedings and especially about the intentions of the prosecution. This case is one of the most celebrated events of the 1630s, often viewed as the watershed event in the history of Caroline censorship. It has also become a prime example of Archbishop William Laud's attack against puritan conformists. This article argues that Laud played little role in the case; that the issue before Star Chamber was primarily the charge of sedition; and that Prynne received every possible legal advantage during his hearing. Through a careful reconstruction of the legal proceedings, the case is seen in an entirely new light. Though historians and literary critics have accepted Prynne's self-serving accounts of his prosecution, this fuller record demonstrates their inadequacy.
Spectrum Generating Algebras and Dynamic Symmetries

One of the most important applications of Lie algebras has been to the study of physical systems for which the Hamiltonian H and other operators of physical interest T can be written in terms of elements G α of a Lie algebra g, $$\displaystyle{ H = f(G_{\alpha })\ \ \ \ \ G_{\alpha } \in g }$$ (14.1) and $$\displaystyle{ T = t(G_{\alpha })\ \ \ \ \ \ G_{\alpha } \in g. }$$ (14.2)
Computing the damping of subsynchronous oscillations due to a thyristor controlled series capacitor

We extend eigenvalue analysis of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) to include thyristor switchings. The eigenvalue computation takes account of the time variations and nonlinearities of both the thyristor switchings and the generator. An example is presented using the IEEE first benchmark SSR model. The paper contributes an accurate method to compute the damping of the SSR modes with a TCSC.