cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Model for Revenue Recognition: Key Changes to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

Over the past few years, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have joined together to create a new model for revenue recognition. In the second quarter of 2014, the final version of this model will be issued and the implementation process for the new requirements will begin. The new standard aims to unify U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and steers away from the current industry-specific guidance for revenue recognition in the direction of a more consistent, principle-based standard. This paper examines the key differences between current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and the new revenue recognition model and offers recommendations for the implementation of the new model.
Atmospheric gas and particle measurements at a rural northeastern U.S. site

Abstract Ammonia, nitric acid, sulfur dioxide and particles in two size ranges were collected at a rural site in northeastern U.S. in January–March 1984. Ammonia was collected with an oxalic acid coated denuder, all other components were collected on filters. The concentrations of ammonia ranged between 0.0 and 0.5 ppbv, nitric acid: 0.1 and 2.3 ppbv and sulfur dioxide: 1 and 52 ppbv. Ammonium and sulfate in the fine particles were highly correlated, the regression line indicated that the most abundant compound was ammonium sulphate. The content of free hydronium ions in the fine particles was well below the ammonium content. No correlation between NH3 and NH+4, HNO3 and NO3 SO3 and SO−24 could be observed.
α-Tocopherol protects renal cells from nicotine- or oleic acid-provoked oxidative stress via inducing heme oxygenase-1.

Smoking and obesity increases renal oxidative stress via nicotine (NIC) or free fatty acid such as oleic acid (OA) but decreases levels of the vitamin E-derivative α-tocopherol (TOC), which has shown to stimulate the antioxidant system such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Hence, we hypothesized that supplementation of TOC may protect renal proximal tubules from NIC- or OA-mediated oxidative stress by upregulating the HO-1 gene. NIC- or OA-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined in the presence or absence of various pharmacologic or genetic inhibitors that modulate HO-1 activation and enhancer elements in the HO-1 promoter such as the antioxidant response element (ARE) and the cAMP-response element (CRE) in renal proximal tubule cells (NRK52E). Activity of the HO-1 promoter, the ARE and the CRE was determined in luciferase assays. We found that pre- or posttreatment with TOC attenuated NIC- or OA-dependent ROS production that required HO-1 activation. TOC activated the HO-1 promoter via the CRE but not the ARE enhancer through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase A (PKA). Consequently, inhibitors of ERK, PKA, or CRE activation mitigated beneficial effects of TOC on NIC- or OA-mediated ROS production. Hence, vitamin E supplementation—via induction of the cytoprotective HO-1—may help to reduce renal oxidative stress imposed by smoking or obesity.
Two-stage parallel iterative methods for the symmetric linear complementarity problem

In this paper, we propose a two-stage parallel iterative method for solving the symmetric linear complementarity problem. When implemented in a parallel computing environment, the method decomposes the problem into subproblems which are solved by certain iterative procedures concurrently on separate processors. Convergence of the overall method is established under some mild assumptions on how the inner iterations are terminated. Applications of the proposed method to solve strictly convex quadratic programs are discused and numerical results on both a sequential computer (IBM 4381) and a super-computer (CRAYX-MP/24) are reported.
Poxvirus mRNA Cap Methyltransferase BYPASS OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE STIMULATORY SUBUNIT BY MUTATIONS IN THE CATALYTIC SUBUNIT AND EVIDENCE FOR INTERSUBUNIT ALLOSTERY

The guanine-N7 methyltransferase domain of vaccinia virus mRNA capping enzyme is a heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit vD1-(540–844) and a stimulatory subunit vD12. The poxvirus enzyme can function in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in lieu of the essential cellular cap methyltransferase Abd1. Coexpression of both poxvirus subunits is required to complement the growth of abd1Δ cells. We performed a genetic screen for mutations in the catalytic subunit that bypassed the requirement for the stimulatory subunit in vivo. We thereby identified missense changes in vicinal residues Tyr-752 (to Ser, Cys, or His) and Asn-753 (to Ile), which are located in the cap guanine-binding pocket. Biochemical experiments illuminated a mechanism of intersubunit allostery, whereby the vD12 subunit enhances the affinity of the catalytic subunit for AdoMet and the cap guanine methyl acceptor by 6- and 14-fold, respectively, and increases kcat by a factor of 4. The bypass mutations elicited gains of function in both vD12-independent and vD12-dependent catalysis of cap methylation in vitro when compared with wild-type vD1-(540–844). These results highlight the power of yeast as a surrogate model for the genetic analysis of interacting poxvirus proteins and demonstrate that the activity of an RNA processing enzyme can be augmented through selection and protein engineering.
The Psychopathy Q-Sort. Construct Validity Evidence in a Nonclinical Sample.

Scant research has examined the validity of instruments that permit observer ratings of psychopathy. Using a nonclinical (undergraduate) sample, the authors examined the associations between both self-and observer ratings on a psychopathy prototype (Psychopathy Q-Sort, PQS) and widely used measures of psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and negative emotionality. Self- and observer prototype correlations generally displayed predicted patterns of convergent and discriminant validity for the PQS. Future research using the PQS should focus on potential domains of incremental validity of peer-rated psychopathy beyond self-reported psychopathy.
Microscopic and spectroscopic studies of untreated and hexanol-treated chlorosomes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Abstract When isolated chlorosomes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus are treated with 1-hexanol, the BChl c Q y absorption band shifts from 740 to 670 nm, while the baseplate BChl a remains at 795 nm. The relative amount of BChl c in the 740 and 670 nm forms depends on the hexanol concentration. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the ultrastructure of native, hexanol-treated, and protein-free chlorosomes. Chlorosomes appeared to be larger and more rounded upon hexanol treatment and did not return to the original shape or size after 2-fold dilution. Therefore, the hexanol treatment is not completely reversible in terms of chlorosome structure. Untreated, hexanol-treated and and hexanol-treated and then diluted samples were investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. For the sample treated with 68 mM hexanol, a 24 ps energy transfer from BChl c to a was observed in the picosecond fluorescence measurements. After 2-fold dilution, most of the kinetic properties of the untreated chlorosomes, characterized by a major energy transfer component of 15 ps from BChl c 740 to BChl a 795, were regained. Energy transfer from either BChI c 740 or BChl c 670 to baseplate BChl a is fast and relatively efficient in untreated chlorosomes. In hexanol-treated chlorosomes, the excited state lifetime is not very different from that in untreated samples, but the energy transfer efficiency is quite low. This may result from concentration quenching of the monomeric pigments in the hexanol-treated Chorosomes.
Growth/Differentiation Factor-10: A New Member of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily Related to Bone Morphogenetic Protein-3

We have identified a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, growth/differentiation factor-10 (GDF-10), which is highly related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP-3). The nucleotide sequence of GDF-10 encodes a predicted protein of 476 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 52,000. The GDF-10 polypeptide contains a potential signal sequence for secretion, a putative RXXR proteolytic processing site, and a carboxy-terminal domain with considerable homology to other known members of the TGF-beta superfamily. In the mature carboxy-terminal domain GDF-10 is more homologous to BMP-3 (83% amino acid sequence identity) than to any other previously identified TGF-beta family member. GDF-10 also shows significant homology to BMP-3 (approximately 30% amino acid sequence identity) in the pro- region of the molecule. Based on these sequence comparisons, GDF-10 and BMP-3 define a new subgroup within the larger TGF-beta superfamily. By Northern analysis, GDF-10 mRNA was detected primarily in murine uterus, adipose tissue, and brain and to a lesser extent in liver and spleen. In addition, GDF-10 mRNA was present in both neonatal and adult bone samples, with higher levels being detected in calvaria than in long bone. These results suggest that GDF10 may play multiple roles in regulating cell differentiation events, including those involved in skeletal morphogenesis. Gdf10 was mapped to the proximal region of mouse chromosome 14 close to a region known to contain a spontaneous recessive mutation that is associated with a craniofacial defect.
Spectroscopic Imaging for Detection and Discrimination of Different E. Coli Strains

Food contaminations with E. coli bacteria are a major concern for public health. Current techniques for detection are based on sample extractions, time-consuming sample preparations, and labor intensive analyses. Because some strains can be toxic at a level of tens of bacteria and some are not harmful at all, a method of colony localization and strain classification must be developed. In this study we present first results that are based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and FT-IR imaging. Due to the chemical similarity of different E. coli strains, the acquired spectra show a strong resemblance. It is demonstrated here that based on a correlation analysis samples of the same strain are classified as such and that different strains can be discriminated. The next step is to move from single-spot analyses towards spectroscopic imaging—a technique that facilitates detection of localized bacteria colonies. However, the sheer amount of data acquired in short periods of time prevents many chemical imaging techniques from being feasible for online sensing or for screening extended areas. To improve the time resolution, a data compression approach based on three-dimensional wavelet compression has been applied. It is shown that even with slight compression computation times can be cut down by over an order of magnitude while preserving enough information for localization and classification.
Urinary Catecholamine Excretion and Behavioral Differences in ADHD and Normal Boys

ABSTRACT Urinary catecholamine excretion was assessed in 15 boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 16 normal controls during a defined physical and mental task. Dihydroxyphen...
Random excitation of nonlinear coupled oscillators

This paper presents the experimental results of random excitation of a nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom system in the neighborhood of internal resonance. The random signals of the excitation and response coordinates are processed to estimate the mean squares, autocorrelation functions, power spectral densities, and probability density functions. The results are qualitatively compared with those predicted by the Fokker-Planck equation together with a non-Gaussian closure scheme. The effects of system damping ratios, nonlinear coupling parameter, internal detuning ratio, and excitation spectral density level are considered in both studies except the effect of damping ratios is not considered in the experimental investigation. Both studies reveal similar dynamic features such as autoparametric absorber effect and stochastic instability of the coupled system. The experimental results show that the autocorrelation function of the coupled system has the feature of ultra narrow band process and degenerates to a periodic one as the internal detuning departs from the exact internal resonance condition. The measured probability density functions of the response of the main system suggests that the Gaussian representation is sufticient as long as the excitation level is relatively low in the neighborhood of the system internal resonance condition.
Polarimetric lidar returns in the ocean: a Monte Carlo simulation

Anisotropy in the polarization state of backscattered light from a polarized beam incident on suspensions in water analogous to hydrosols in seawater has been observed experimentally. Viewed through an orientated polarizer, characteristic patterns in the backscattered light are produced. We wish to present the results of Monte Carlo simulations of these physical effects demonstrating excellent agreement with published and unpublished experimental observations. These simulations show that the effects observed are produced by the incoherent scattering of light in the range of volume fractions reported and that this treatment should a low predictions to be made about the application of this technique to ocean probing lidar.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ethanol impairs the induction of delayed hypersensitivity in C57BL/6 mice

Abstract Excessive alcohol consumption impairs T-cell-dependent immune function. Whether this impairment results from the direct inhibition of helper T (Th) cells or from inhibition of the cells that process and present antigen to Th cells is unclear. The present study examines the temporal effect of dietary alcohol on the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) in C57BL/6 mice. We find that ethanol consumption just prior to and during the cognitive phase of the immune response impairs the development of a DTH response. Ethanol consumption initiated after the cognitive phase and during the effector phase of the immune response has no significant effect upon the elicitation of a DTH response. The results suggest that significant ethanol-induced impairement of DTH responses occurs during the cognitive phase of the immune response, when antigen presentation and recognition occur.
The structure of schools of giant bluefin tuna in Cape Cod Bay

We report the first investigation of the structure of schools of predatory fish, analyzed from aerial photographs of Atlantic bluefin tuna,Thynnus thynnus, in the wild. Internal structure of formations of giant bluefin supports two hypotheses for the formation of predatory fish schools. The parabolic shape of the schools suggests that tuna hunt cooperatively and the position of fish within the schools is such that individuals benefit from hydrodynamical interactions with their neighbors.
Health care professionals' grief: a model based on occupational style and coping.

Many publications address grief in terminally ill patients and their loved ones. In contrast, this paper proposes a hypothetical model for grief reactions in health care professionals (HCPs) working with terminally ill patients. The model integrates three literatures: burnout, coping and personality/occupational interests. Grief-related job stress can culminate in burnout that affects over 50% of physicians treating the terminally and critically ill. Coping behaviors that attenuate burnout differ among HCPs, suggesting that nurses prefer different coping strategies when compared with physicians. The personality and occupational interests literatures provide a rationale for coping differences in HCPs. Personality characteristics associated with occupational preferences provide insight into HCPs' natural propensities for coping with stress. The model addresses personality/occupational differences among health care disciplines, thus providing a plausible explanation for coping differences among HCPs, as well as potential interventions that facilitate HCPs' adjustment to the deaths of their patients.
Defining Females: The Nature of Women in Society/ Sex and Gender Hierarchies

Defining Females: The Nature of Women in Society. SHIRLEY ARDENER. ed. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Women, vol. 4. SHIRLEY ARDENER and JACKIE WALDREN. eds. Oxford: Berg Publishers Limited, 1993. viii. 216 pp., notes, references, index. Sex and Gender Hierarchies. BARBARA DIANE MILLER. ed. Publications of the Society for Psychological Anthropology, vol. 4. ROBERT A. PAUL and RICHARD A. SHWEDER. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. xix. 401 pp., figures, notes, references, index.
Origin of fatty acids in lipids of experimental rabbit atheroma

Summary Rabbits were fed a diet containing elaidic acid for 12 weeks. During a subsequent 12-week period they received the same diet with 2 % cholesterol added. Concentrations of elaidic acid in major serum lipid fractions were determined at intervals during the feeding period, and its concentration in major lipids of aortic atheroma was determined at the end of the experiment. Results were expressed as an atheroma/serum (A/S) ratio for each fraction, the serum value being the mean level of elaidic acid in that fraction during the 12 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Mean A/S ratios were 0.48 in sterol ester, 0.56 in lecithin, and 0.55 in free fatty acid. It is concluded that about half of the fatty acid in these fractions had been contributed by local synthesis; because of possible exchange between plasma and atheroma, the origin of the remaining half is uncertain. The A/S ratio for triglyceride was 0.96 and for cephalin 0.88. Neither of these values was significantly different from unity. Similar figures were obtained when the elaidic acid concentrations were calculated on the basis of octadecenoic acid, rather than total fatty acid. A/S ratios calculated for linoleic acid were slightly higher than those for elaidic acid, and supported the results obtained with elaidic acid.
Evidence for central and peripheral serotonergic control of corticosterone secretion in the conscious rat.

Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT agonists act on multiple 5-HT receptor subtypes to increase corticosterone secretion. The present experiments describe the effects of a highly selective 5-HT2 receptor agonist DOI [(+-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane HCl] on plasma corticosterone in conscious, unrestrained, male rats with indwelling arterial and venous catheters. DOI (500 micrograms/kg, i.v.) increased plasma corticosterone levels 6- to 7-fold from 15 to 60 min. Pretreatment with the central 5-HT2 antagonist LY 53857 (100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) blocked the effect of DOI on corticosterone secretion at all times. The peripheral 5-HT2 antagonist xylamidine (100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) attenuated the corticosterone response elicited 15 min after DOI but did not alter the 60-min response. In contrast, dexamethasone pretreatment (350 micrograms/kg, s.c.) attenuated the corticosterone response to DOI at 15 min, but abolished the response at 60 min. The increase in corticosterone levels elicited 5 min after the nonselective 5-HT agonist quipazine (3 mg/kg, i.v.) was also reduced by xylamidine. These data suggest that 5-HT2 receptor agonists increase corticosterone secretion initially, in part, through a direct adrenal mechanism not entirely dependent on adrenocorticotropin, and at later times via a central, dexamethasone-suppressible mechanism. This raises the possibility that endogenous 5-HT in the adrenal medulla may act as a local paracrine to participate in the regulation of corticosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex.
Mechanism of shear-induced metallization

It is well-known that volumetric compression converts insulators into metals (the Herzfeld-Mott transition). Not so well-known is the fact that finite shear strains have a similar effect. For example, uniaxial compression of Si and Ge causes them to become metallic. A simple band-structure model for this is presented in this paper. Shear induced metallization has several important consequences, including: mechanically induced phase transformations, other mechanochemistry; the hardnesses of semiconductors and carbides; and ultra-fast reactions at detonation fronts.
Stress and anxiety effects on positive skin test responses in young adults with allergic rhinitis

Abstract Background Anxiety and psychological stress affect allergy-related immune function. How these relations influence the evaluations of patients with allergic rhinitis is unknown. Objective To examine whether anxiety and stress exposure affect skin prick test (SPT) responses to common allergens for which patients with atopy showed no prior positive SPT response. Methods Patients with allergic rhinitis, evidenced by clinical history and SPT results, were admitted twice to a hospital research unit for 4 hours. In a crossover design, SPT wheals were assessed before and after the Trier Social Stress Test and then the following morning; for comparison, SPT wheals were assessed before and after a laboratory session without a stressor. Analyses focused on wheal responses for common allergens that tested negative (wheal size Results After the Trier Social Stress Test, more anxious patients with atopy had a higher incidence of positive SPT reactions to antigens that previously tested negative. Anxiety was unrelated to positive SPT incidence under nonstressful conditions. Based on clinical symptom reports, newly positive SPT reactions after the stressor were apparently corrections of previously false-negative SPT reactions. The SPT wheal responses for allergens previously testing negative were enhanced after a stressor. Histamine (positive control) or saline (negative control) SPT responses were not affected. Conclusion A laboratory stressor affected allergen SPT responses in more anxious patients with allergic rhinitis. In addition to clinical history, assessment of anxiety and current stress at the time of the SPT may provide valuable information about a patient's allergic status and aid in clinical decision making.
Role of PSF-TFE3 oncoprotein in the development of papillary renal cell carcinomas

A subset of papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCC) is characterized by the expression of a TFE3 fusion protein, where the fusion partner can be any of the several proteins identified so far such as PSF (PTB associated splicing factor), NonO, PRCC, CLTC and ASPL. These proteins result from chromosomal translocations involving the TFE3 gene located on the X chromosome. Our present study documents the central role of PSF-TFE3 in oncogenic transformation. We show that the inhibition of PSF-TFE3 expression through siRNA or shRNA leads to impaired growth, proliferation, invasion potential and long-term survival of UOK-145 papillary renal carcinoma-derived cells, which endogenously express PSF-TFE3. The oncogenic potential of PSF-TFE3 became evident by stable expression of PSF-TFE3 in NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, which leads to the acquisition of anchorage-independent growth as revealed by soft agar assay. In addition, the expression of PSF-TFE3 in normal renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from where such tumors originate leads to dedifferentiation and loss of some key functional proteins, which may reflect an initial step in the multistep process of tumor development. This suggests that the expression of PSF-TFE3 in renal epithelial cells plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of oncogenic phenotype in papillary RCC.
Synthesis and characterization of a new class of polymeric ligand exchangers for selective removal of arsenate from drinking water

Abstract Six new chelating resins were prepared by functionalizing three commercially available XAD resins of various matrix properties, including XAD1180, XAD16 and XAD7HP. Two types of pyridinyl functional groups were loaded on these sorbents, one with two nitrogen donor atoms (2N) per functional group and the other with three N-donor (3N) atoms per functional group. Consequently, six polymeric ligand exchangers (PLE’s) were prepared by immobilizing Cu(II) ions onto these chelating resins, where Cu(II) serves as the surface central metal. The highest Cu(II) loading was determined to be 44 mg/g. Unlike standard strong base anion (SBA) exchangers, the PLE’s displayed greater affinity toward arsenate than for sulfate. The binary arsenate–sulfate separation factor ( α As/S ) ranged from 5.1 to 10. Bench-scale column breakthrough tests confirmed the greater selectivity for arsenate over other common anions (sulfate, bicarbonate and chloride). The breakthrough of arsenate occurred last at ∼920 BV for XAD1180-3N–Cu. From batch kinetic tests, the PLE’s intraparticle diffusivity ( D ) was determined to be more than one order of magnitude greater than standard SBA resins. The PLE’s can be effectively regenerated using 8% NaCl at pH 10. The arsenate capacity can be completely recovered using the brine. Despite the high surface area, the PLE’s sorption capacity was limited by the hyper-crosslinkage and the degree of methylation/amination of the template XAD resins.
Robert Musil's Kinetic Gestures

This study of Robert Musil's The Man Without Qualities explores the relationship between poetic order and disorder. At the intersection of Musil scholarship and science studies, it has become customary to suggest an asymmetrical relationship in which the novel's formal development, in a direct correlation with the notion of entropy from physics, works unilaterally toward disintegration, which also explains the novel's unfinishedness. Rejecting this view, the present study claims that Musil's engagement of form as activity needs to be conceived in terms of a structural interdependence between randomizing and organizing effects of “kinetic energy,” producing disintegration and integration of form alike. This focus generates a novel method of investigation that singles out kinetic activity as a distinctive layer of poetic performance, thus establishing movement as an object of inquiry in its own right. Specifically, the study has the following aims: (1) To identify particular recurrent kinetic gestures or fo...
Managerial ties, knowledge acquisition, realized absorptive capacity and new product market performance of emerging multinational companies: A case of China

Many firms rely on external sources to acquire knowledge that is critical for enhancing new product market performance. Using a sample of 121 emerging multinational corporations (EMNCs) from China, we explore the effects of managerial ties with government officials and foreign MNC partners on knowledge acquisition and investigate how the acquired knowledge affects firms’ new product market performance. Our results indicate that knowledge acquisition could only enhance new product market performance with the presence of realized absorptive capacity. Our study suggests that managers’ decisions on knowledge acquisition from external sources may not increase firms’ new product market performance. Instead, managerial prowess in integrating and transforming knowledge becomes paramount in enhancing new product market performance.
Reaction of the N-heterocyclic carbene, 1,3-dimesityl- imidazol-2-ylidene, with a uranyl triflate complex, UO2(OTf)2(thf)3

The N-heterocyclic carbene, 1,3-dimesityl-imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) reacts with tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of an oxidizing uranyl triflate complex, UO2(OTf)2(thf)3 (−OTf = −OSO2CF3), to give 1,4-bis(1,3-dimesityl-2-imidazolium)-1,3-butadiene bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate), formally understood as the coupling product of two equivalents of IMes with [CHCHCHCH](OTf)2. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraperitoneal drainage after pancreatic resection: a review of the evidence

Abstract Background Despite a growing body of literature supporting the limited use of prophylactic intra-abdominal drainage for many procedures, drain placement after pancreatic resection remains commonplace and highly controversial. Materials and methods Literature available in the PubMed was systematically reviewed by searching using combinations of keywords and citations in review articles regarding prophylactic drainage after pancreatic resection, early removal of intraoperatively placed drains after pancreatic resections, and risk factors and predictive tools for pancreatic fistula. Results Prospective randomized studies on prophylactic drainage after pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy have not shown any benefit in decreasing pancreatic fistula, total complications, length of hospital stay, or readmission rates. Frequency of complications was significantly higher in patients receiving routine drainage. This was recently supported by retrospective studies; however, patients with risk factors for pancreatic fistula (soft pancreatic texture, prolonged operative times, and increased blood loss) were more likely to have prophylactic intra-abdominal drainage. Alternatively, if a drain is placed, prospective randomized studies demonstrate that early removal is safe in patients with postoperative day 1 drain amylase values Conclusions The current literature supports a strategy of selective drainage and early drain removal after pancreatic resection in low-risk patients.
Edge modes, edge currents, and gauge invariance in p x + i p y superfluids and superconductors

The excitation spectrum of a two-dimensional ${p}_{x}{+ip}_{y}$ fermionic superfluid, such as a thin film of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}\ensuremath{-}A,$ includes a gapless Majorana-Weyl fermion which is confined to the boundary by Andreev reflection. There is also a persistent ground-state boundary current which provides a droplet containing N particles with angular momentum $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}N/2.$ Both of these boundary effects are associated with bulk Chern-Simons effective actions. We show that the gapless edge mode is required for the gauge invariance of the total effective action, but the same is not true of the boundary current.
Evidence for spontaneous structural changes in a dark-adapted state of photosystem II.

Photosystem II catalyzes photosynthetic water oxidation in plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. The manganese-containing active site cycles through a series of five oxidation states, Sn, where n refers to the number of oxidizing equivalents stored. In this report, reaction-induced Fourier transform infrared and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the S1-to-S2 transition are presented. These data suggest that changes in carboxylate ligation to manganese, changes in secondary structure, and/or changes in polarity occur during dark adaptation in the S1 state. These spontaneous structural changes are attributed to a S1′ intermediate, at the same oxidation level as S1, in the process of photosynthetic water oxidation.
Traffic 411: a traffic congestion routing and awareness platform for Nairobi

According to UN-HABITAT, the city of Nairobi loses half a million USD daily due to congestion on roads designed for a city 10 times smaller. To address the traffic congestion problem in Nairobi, we develop a platform called Traffic 411 that provides drivers with real-time traffic and routing information. Traffic 411 incorporates locally relevant context (such as references to landmarks) to predict congestion and create traffic awareness. Our work extends a novel approach called Frugal Innovation developed at the IBM Tokyo Research Lab (TRL), where Web cameras covering only 3.5% of the roads in Nairobi are used to estimate traffic conditions. We deployed the Traffic 411 platform in Nairobi and our initial evaluation indicates that Traffic 411 enhances the driving experience and can be deployed in similar cities.
NEW SPECIES OF HANSTEINIA (ACANTHACEAE) FROM COLOMBIA AND ECUADOR

New species of Hansteinia (Acanthacene) from Columbia and Equador, Brittonia 37: 203-208. 1985. – Two new species and a new variety, Hansteinia jamesonaii from Pichincha, Equador and H. Magdalensis and H. magdalenensis var. pilosa from the Sierra Nevada de Sta. Marta, are described, illustrated, and compared with H. charitopes their closest relative.
Observations on the physique and growth of children with congenital heart disease.

Summary 1. Data regarding the growth of 229children with certain congenital heart lesions have been reviewed, using the Wetzel Grid technique. The lesions studied were patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, interatrial septal defect, interventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, and pulmonary stenosis without cyanosis. 2. In general it can be concludedthat patients with congenital heart disease do not necessarily have abnormal growth either in terms of physique or rate of growth. 3. If a large left-to-right shunt is present the resultant pulmonary congestion may predispose the patient to respiratory disease which in turn can produce growth retardation. If such infection is minimized, maximum growth may occur in spite of the large left-to-right shunt. 4. Patients possessing congenitalheart lesions with anoxemia such as tetralogy of Fallot do not necessarily have growth retardation, and surgery performed to decrease the anoxemia is not necessarily followed by improved growth. 5. In some patients with congenitalheart disease, growth retardation is marked, but clinical and physiological studies show little deviation from the normal state. In such instances, the growth retardation is thought to be primarily due to genetic or in utero factors, or, if secondary, secondary to something other than the heart lesion itself. Emotional disturbances can be an important secondary cause of poor growth in this regard.
Ultrasound evaluation of appendicitis: importance of the 3 × 2 table for outcome reporting.

Abstract Introduction Despite a relatively high frequency of appendix nonvisualization when using ultrasound to diagnose appendicitis, many studies either fail to report these results or inconsistently analyze outcomes. Objectives The objective of this study is to determine the most transparent and accurate way of reporting and analyzing ultrasound results for the diagnosis of appendicitis. Methods This was an observational cohort study of emergency department patients age 18 years or older who underwent right lower quadrant ultrasonography from September 2010 to October 2011. Patient characteristics, imaging, pathology, and follow-up data were analyzed. Test characteristics were calculated using conventional 2 × 2 contingency table analysis excluding inconclusive ultrasound results and an intention-to-diagnose approach with a 3 × 2 table. Results Sixty-five patients were included. Forty-four (68%) patients had a nonvisualized appendix resulting in an overall diagnostic yield of 32%. Twenty-one patients had a visualized appendix (14 [22%] negative and 7 [11%] positive for appendicitis). Using 2 × 2 contingency table analysis, sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Using the 3 × 2 table with and the intention-to-diagnose principle, sensitivity was 70% and specificity was 25%. Three (7%) of 44 patients with a nonvisualized appendix had appendicitis (likelihood ratio = 0.40). Discussion We suggest reporting ultrasound results using a 3 × 2 table (including nonvisualized findings) but using the traditional 2 × 2 type of analysis for test characteristic calculations. This approach allows for the determination of diagnostic yield and calculation of likelihood ratios when the appendix is not visualized. This approach to reporting should be considered for all types of diagnostic ultrasound studies.
Tissue imaging for cancer detection using NIR autofluorescence

Near IR imaging using elastic light scattering and tissue fluorescence under long-wavelength laser excitation are explored for cancer detection. Various types of normal and malignant human tissue samples were utilized in this investigation. A set of images of each tissue sample is recorded. These images are then compared with the histopathology of the tissue sample to reveal the optical fingerprint characteristics suitable for cancer detection. The experimental results indicate that the above approaches can help image and differentiate cancer form normal tissue.
Can One Measure Rate Constants Using Chromatographic Methods

Abstract It has recently been suggested that affinity chromotography can be used to measure rate constants from parameters determined from the elution curve. The analysis suggesting this possibility assumes that there is one type of reaction occurring and that steric factors can be ignored. In this paper a model is analyzed in which there can be a number of different binding sites. If one waits long enough, the resulting concentration profile tends toward a Gaussian form. This suggests that it would be experimentally very difficult to distinguish between single site and multiple site systems. Since steric factors undoubtedly operate, they would change the single site to the multiple site system. The implication of the analysis is that the proposed experiment does not necessarily measure the rate constants of interest.
Targeting the systemic exposure of teniposide in the population and the individual using a stochastic therapeutic objective

A stochastic control approach for dose regimen design is developed and applied to the problem of targeting the systemic exposure, defined as the area under the blood concentrationtime curve (AUC),of the anticancer drug teniposide in both the population and individual patients. The control objective involves maximizing the probability that AUCis within a selected target interval given either the population distribution for the kinetic model parameters (a priori control) or the posterior distribution for an individual patient (feedback control). Results of a detailed simulation study are presented, illustrating the feasibility of applying stochastic control principles to the design of dose regimens. The predictive ability of the calculated distributions of AUCfor the population and for individuals is evaluated in part by determining the percentage coverage of the computed 95% uncertainty intervals using the simulation results. For the a priori control phase, 94% of the simulated subjects had values of systemic exposure within the computed 95% uncertainty interval, while 93.4% of the simulated subjects had feedback control phase systemic exposure values within their computed 95%uncertainty intervals. Similar evaluation of the uncertainty intervals calculated for plasma concentrations further document the ability of the proposed stochastic control method to predict the uncertainty associated with future therapy.
A sub-optimal Kalman filter design for target tracking applications

A Kalman filter in the cartesian coordinates is described for a maneuvering target when the radar sensor measures range, bearing, and elevation angles in the polar coordinates at high data rates. An approximate gain computation algorithm is developed to determine the filter gains for on-line microprocessor implementation. In this approach, gains are computed for three uncoupled filters and multiplied by a Jacobian transformation determined from the measured target position and orientation. The algorithm is compared with the extended-Kalman filter for a typical target trajectory in a naval gun fire control system. The filter gains and the tracking errors for the proposed algorithm are nearly identical to the extended-Kalman filter, while the computation requirements can be reduced by a factor of four.
P02.74. Treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) using a self-care model of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapy

Methods This is a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design using a convenience sample of volunteers at a military treatment facility in the Pacific Northwest. Participants (N=37) were enrolled if they had a documented history of GAD or met screening criteria for GAD using the GAD-7, with 68% completing the program (N=25). Participants received acupuncture treatments one time/week for six weeks and were asked to engage in yogic breathing exercises, self and/or partner assisted massage therapy using scented oils, episodic journaling, nutrition counseling, and exercise.
Stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD catalyzed by D-galactose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Abstract The stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD catalyzed by d -galactose dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.48) from P. fluorescens was investigated. The label at C-1 of d -[1- 3 H]galactose was enzymatically transferred to NAD and the resulting [4- 3 H]NADH was isolated and its stereochemistry at C-4 investigated. It was found that the label was exclusively located at the 4(S) position in NADH which calls for classification as a B-enzyme. This result was confirmed by an alternate approach in which [4- 3 H]NAD was reduced by d -galactose as catalyzed by d -galactose dehydrogenase. The stereochemistry at C-4 of the nicotinamide ring would then have to be opposite to that in the first experiment. As expected, the label was now exclusively located in the 4(R) position, again confirming the B-classification of the enzyme.
Predicting Model Uncertainty at River Junctions due to Drainage Network Structure

The mixing of water, solutes, and sediments from two or more tributaries produces streamflow possessing unique biogeochemical, ecological, hydrological, and morphological signatures. To understand and predict these signatures, confluence locations within river networks are commonly used to divide a watershed into individual modeling units, within these units hydrologic characteristics are spatially averaged and used to parameterize process models. In this context, model parameters from an individual unit directly influence the simulated hydrograph at its corresponding downstream junction and reach. Previous researchers have shown complex changes in flow hydraulics, stream geometry, and channel morphology in the downstream direction of a drainage network. However, the uncertainty of model predictions at and between junction locations due to parameter variability within individual modeling units is poorly understood. This paper presents a methodology for identifying stream junctions and reaches that are potentially vulnerable to increased model uncertainty due to the structural arrangement of their upstream drainage network and model parameter variability. A case study, using coastal southern California, is presented to illustrate the concepts and explore the relationships between changes in simulated peak discharge at junctions and along reaches due to expected model parameter variability for varying drainage network characteristics. Based on simulation results for 300 different drainage network configurations, eight model parameter scenarios, and three design storms (7,200 simulations), the uncertainty in simulated peak discharge within a reach is related to the drainage network characteristics. In the study region, 18% of the reaches are shown to be especially vulnerable to model parameter uncertainty, with 32% of those researches crossed by a major road and/or railroad. This approach is intended to improve risk assessment in sensitive hydrologic applications, such as the design of bridges, culverts, and channels to convey flood flows.
Depressed mothers' assessments of their neonates' behaviors

Des nouveau-nes ont ete evalues a l'accouchement et a nouveau a l'âge d'un mois par des evaluateurs et par leurs meres deprimees ou non-deprimees. Les evaluations professionnelles ont ete faites en utilisant l'Echelle d'Evaluation de Comportement Neonatal de Brazelton (abrege NBAS en anglais). Les evaluations maternelles ont ete faites par les meres, utilisant une versoin simplifiee de l'echelle NBAS, I'Evaluation Maternelle du Comportement de leur Enfant (abrege MABI en anglais). Les evaluateurs ont evalue les nouveau-nes de meres deprimees plus bas que les enfants de meres non-deprimees sur l'etat d'organisation. A l'accouchement, les nouveau-nes de meres deprimees ont recu de la part de leur mere des scores de regulation d'etat bien moins eleves que ne leur avaient donne les evaluateurs et, un mois plus tard, les scores de regulation d'etat presentes par les evaluateurs etaient aussi negatifs que ceux des meres deprimees. Au contraire, les bebes de meres non-deprimees ont recu des scores d'interaction plus eleves de la part de leur mere que de la part iles evaluateurs, et a un mois les evaluations d'interaction sociale faites par les evaluateurs etaient aussi positives que celles des meres nondeprimees. Ces resultats suggerent que les bebes de meres deprimees peuvent etre mis a risque par des influences prenatales et par des risques associes aux perceptions maternelles. Les perceptions du bebe apparaissent colorees par le statut maternel de depression des la periode immediate de postpartum, et, bien que subjectives, ces perceptions predisent ce qu'il en est des bebes.
Epitaxial growth of polydiacetyle thin films and their nonlinear optical properties.

PDA-3BCMU monomer was epitaxially grown on KCl substrate by vacuum-deposition method. Followed by solid phase polymerization, the PDA-3BCMU thin film containing square crystals was obtained. The PDA main chains in the crystals were parallel to KCl[110] or [110] direction. THG anisotropy of the thin film was explained the orientation of PDA main chains and enhancement of χ(3) THG was observed against un-oriented PDA-3BCMU thin film.
The Power of Exercise and the Exercise of Power: The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory, Distance Running, and the Disappearance of Work, 1919-1947.

In the early twentieth century, fatigue research marked an area of conflicting scientific, industrial, and cultural understandings of working bodies. These different understandings of the working body marked a key site of political conflict during the growth of industrial capitalism. Many fatigue researchers understood fatigue to be a physiological fact and allied themselves with Progressive-era reformers in urging industrial regulation. Opposed to these researchers were advocates of Taylorism and scientific management, who held that fatigue was a mental event and that productivity could be perpetually increased through managerial efficiency. Histories of this conflict typically cease with the end of the First World War, when it is assumed that industrial fatigue research withered away. This article extends the history of fatigue research through examining the activities of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory in the 1920s and 1930s. The Laboratory developed sophisticated biochemical techniques to study the blood of exercising individuals. In particular, it found that exercising individuals could attain a biochemically “steady state,” or equilibrium, and extrapolated from this to assert that fatigue was psychological, not physiological, in nature. In contrast to Progressive-era research, the Laboratory reached this conclusion through laboratory examination, not of industrial workers, but of Laboratory staff members and champion marathon runners. The translation of laboratory research to industrial settings, and the eventual erasure of physiological fatigue from discussions of labor, was a complex function of institutional settings, scientific innovation, and the cultural meanings of work and sport.