cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stable overexpression of human HSF-1 in murine cells suggests activation rather than expression of HSF-1 to be the key regulatory step in the heat shock gene expression

Transcription of the heat shock genes is regulated by the activation of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1). After heat shock, HSF-1 forms oligomers and binds to the heat shock element (HSE), which consists of several repeats of NGAAN located in the promoter region of the heat shock genes. HSF-1 is then phosphorylated, leading to the enhanced transcription of the heat shock genes likely by transactivation. We have stably overexpressed the human heat shock transcription factor-1 (HSF-1) in murine cells to investigate whether the regulation of the expression of the heat shock genes may partly reside at the level of HSF-1 expression. Human HSF-1 cDNA was cloned into a retroviral vector (pvhhsf-1) and was overexpressed in a murine fibroblast cell line. The overexpressed human HSF-1 is found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of control cells but is translocated into the nucleus upon heat shock. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis suggests that the human HSF-1 has constitutive DNA binding ability and its DNA binding ability is increased upon heat shock. Cross-linking experiments indicate that the overexpressed human HSF-1 is mainly a monomer under control conditions and forms oligomers upon heat shock. Immunoblotting shows that the human HSF-1 is phosphorylated upon heat shock and its apparent molecular weight is shifted up by at least 10 kDa. In spite of both the DNA binding ability and phosphorylation, the overexpression of human HSF-1 does not increase the transcription of murine HSP-70 mRNA or increase the synthesis of other HSPs after heat shock beyond that observed in control untransfected cells. An exception is the enhanced synthesis of a 47-50 kDa protein after heat shock and an apparent lack of induction of one HSP-70 kDa species when the protein pattern is analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Interestingly, cells overexpressing human HSF-1 show a 4-fold increase in the basal expression of luciferase when the plasmids containing the human HSP-70 promoter ligated to the luciferase reporter gene are transiently expressed in these cells. Murine cells overexpressing human HSF-1 are more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of heat when compared to the control untransfected cells, but the kinetics of thermotolerance development and decay is similar between HSF-1 transfected and untransfected cells. In conclusion, human HSF-1 protein in murine fibroblasts is modified in a similar fashion as the endogenous mouse HSF-1 after heat shock. However, the overexpression of HSF-1 does not result in overproduction of heat shock proteins after heat shock, perhaps because these cells contain abundant amounts of endogenous HSF-1.
Valence in chemisorption studies

Abstract In the spirit of Coulson's Valence, large-scale ab initio computations on chemisorption problems are revisited. Cluster calculations which model the interactions of halogen atoms with the silicon surface are reviewed and compared to the interaction of atomic hydrogen on the same surface. A rich structure in bonding mechanisms is revealed. They range from ionic to covalent wavefunctions and exhibit the “primitive pattern of understanding” Coulson so strongly believed in.
Histochemical and biochemical characterization of two slow fiber types in decapod crustacean muscles.

Myofibrillar proteins in muscles of the claws and abdomen of lobster, Homarus americanus, and the claws of fiddler crab, Uca pugnax, and land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, have been analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fibers contained numerous isoforms of structural and regulatory proteins in assemblages correlated with fiber type. One fast (F) and two slow (S1 and S2) fibers were identified. All F fibers possessed two isoforms of paramyosin (P1 and P2), while all slow fibers, with the exception of Uca major claw, contained only the P2 variant. S1 and S2 fibers were distinguished by the distribution of a large isoform of troponin-T (T1; Mr = 55,000); S2 fibers in all three species contained T1 in addition to one or two smaller-molecular-weight variants usually associated with S1 fibers. In order to determine whether the slow fibers differed in histochemical properties, land crab claw closer muscle was cryosectioned and stained for myofibrillar ATPase and NADH diaphorase activities. Most S2 fibers had lower ATPase and higher NADH diaphorase activities than S1 fibers, which indicated that S2 fibers had a lower rate of contraction and were more fatigue-resistant than S1 fibers. It is proposed that the S1 and S2 fibers defined by biochemical and histochemical criteria are identical to the slow-twitch and tonic fibers, respectively, characterized physiologically.
Activity of alkaline phosphatase bound to polysulfone membranes

Abstract As part of the on-line radiosynthesis of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short-lived positron emitters, the dephosphorylation of an appropriate nucleotide to the corresponding nucleoside is required. The rapid dephosphorylation of thymidine monophosphate was accomplished using the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, which was covalently bound to a derivatized polysulfone membrane through a phthalate or succinyl linkage. A nearly quantitative conversion of thymidine was accomplished within a 2-3 minute period making this system amenable for use with carbon- 11 (hal flife=20.4 minutes) labeled nucleotides.
Structure and function of barrel 'precursor' cells in trigeminal nucleus principalis.

Abstract Intracellular recording, electrical stimulation, receptive field mapping, HRP injection, and computer reconstruction techniques were used to study principalis cells in rat. They ( n = 80) responded within 1.2 ± 0.2 ms of trigeminal ganglion shocks and 69% were antidromically activated by thalamic shocks; 69% were vibrissa-sensitive, of which 80% responded to only a single vibrissa. The remainder responded only to guard hairs, skin, teeth, or nociceptors. Stained thalamic-projecting cells with one vibrissa receptive fields had stereotyped morphologies. Small somata gave rise to dendrites which extended only a short distance from the soma, where they branched extensively. Each tree was polarized, spanning no more than a hemisphere around the soma; however, there was no consistent direction of polarity. Dendritic trees extended 68 ± 14, 95 ± 48, and 91 ± 29 μ m in the transverse, sagittal and horizontal planes, respectively. Dendritic spines were rare, yet swellings were common. Axons never branched locally.
Science and Politics Between Domesticated and Radicalized Pragmatism

This paper introduces a distinction between two understandings of the pragmatic tradition: domesticated and radicalized pragmatism. The main difference between these two views concerns the feasibility and moral legitimacy of a radical critique of an existing practice such as science, politics, and so on. It is argued that domesticated pragmatism, with its emphasis on local rather than global perspective, has led to trivialization and degeneration of self-reflective critique. Without rejecting pragmatism as such, this paper urges a reinterpretation of this tradition so as to make room for more thorough forms of critique of both science and social practice.
Coding for EUS.

Over the past 2 decades, EUS has made the transition from an investigational procedure performed only in large tertiary medical centers to an established clinical examination for well-defined indications performed in an increasingly large number of practices. During the same period of time, many changes have occurred in the medical marketplace. The broadest of these changes has occurred in Medicare reimbursement, with the development of the Resource Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS), with the assignment of Relative Value Units (RVUs) to specific Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes describing medical and surgical procedures. This process has not accepted EUS easily. Even at present, specific CPT codes are not available for each of the types of procedures performed by endosonographers. This has made coding difficult and reimbursement less than satisfactory for these procedures, which are considerably work-intensive. This article will briefly review the background of these coding issues and present common approaches that have been successfully used to code for EUS procedures, illustrated with practical examples. We will also look into the near future to the development of specific CPT codes for the full range of EUS procedures including rectal EUS, EUS-guided fineneedle aspiration (FNA) for diagnostic purposes, and EUS-guided fine-needle injection for therapeutic purposes such as celiac plexus block.
Bayesian inference of substrate properties from film behavior

We demonstrate that by observing the behavior of a film deposited on a substrate, certain features of the substrate may be inferred with quantified uncertainty using Bayesian methods. We carry out this demonstration on an illustrative film/substrate model where the substrate is a Gaussian random field and the film is a two-component mixture that obeys the Cahn–Hilliard equation. We construct a stochastic reduced order model to describe the film/substrate interaction and use it to infer substrate properties from film behavior. This quantitative inference strategy may be adapted to other film/substrate systems.
Prevalence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in younger adults with low short-term but high lifetime estimated risk for cardiovascular disease: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study and multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Background— We hypothesized that individuals with low 10-year but high lifetime cardiovascular disease risk would have a greater burden of subclinical atherosclerosis than those with low 10-year but low lifetime risk. Methods and Results— We included 2988 individuals ≤50 years of age at examination year 15 from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study and 1076 individuals ≤50 of age at study entry from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The 10-year risk and lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease were estimated for each participant, permitting stratification into 3 groups: low 10-year (<10%)/low lifetime (<39%) risk, low 10-year (<10%)/high lifetime risk (≥39%), and high 10-year risk (≥10%) or diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Baseline levels and change in levels of subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcium or carotid intima-media thickness) were compared across risk strata. Among participants with low 10-year risk (91% of all participants) in CARDIA, those...
Pharmacodynamics of morphine-induced neuronal nitric oxide production and antinociceptive tolerance development

Elevated nitric oxide (NO) production has been implicated in the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance. This study was conducted to establish the temporal relationship between morphine-induced increases in neuronal NO and loss of pharmacologic activity. Five groups of rats equipped with microdialysis probes in the jugular vein and hippocampus received an intravenous infusion of saline or morphine (0.3, 1, 2, or 3 mg/kg/h) for 8 h. Morphine concentrations in the blood and hippocampal microdialysate were determined by LC/MS-MS; NO production was quantified with an amperometric sensor implanted in the contralateral hippocampus. Antinociceptive effect was monitored at selected time points during and following infusion by electrical stimulation vocalization. The data were fit with a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to obtain parameters governing morphine disposition, stimulation of NO production, antinociception, and antinociceptive tolerance development. An additional three groups of rats were pretreated with l-arginine, the NO precursor (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg/h for 8 h), to elevate NO concentrations prior to morphine infusion. Morphine administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in NO production; the time course of altered NO production coincided with the development of antinociceptive tolerance. l-arginine pretreatment initially enhanced morphine-induced analgesia early in the morphine infusion. However, this NO-associated increase in opioid response dissipated rapidly due to a dominant NO-induced loss of antinociception. Pharmacodynamic modeling suggested that this latter effect was consistent with a hyperalgesic response. These data define a strong, time-dependent relationship between morphine-induced stimulation of NO production and tolerance development, identify specific NO-induced alterations in nociceptive processing after morphine administration, and indicate that NO is a key mediator of antinociceptive tolerance development.
Exercise hyperpnea and locomotion: parallel activation from the hypothalamus

Unanesthetized decorticate cats walked or ran normally on a treadmill either spontaneously or during electrical stimulation of the subthalamic "locomotor" region. The respiratory response usually preceded the locomotor response and increased in proportion to locomotor activity despite control or ablation of respiratory feedback mechanisms. Respiration increased similarly in paralyzed animals during fictive locomotion despite the absence of muscular contraction or movement. Hypothalamic command signals are thus primarily responsible for the proportional driving of locomotion and respiration during exercise.
LIVER GLYCOGEN DEPOSITION AFTER INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAGASTRIC ADMINISTRATION OF CORTISOL-4-C14 TO RATS

IN THE attempt to correlate the routes by which cortisol-4-C14 3 was administered with the types of radiometabolites excreted (1), the question arose as to the time required to elicit the biological response to the hormone. Furthermore, it was not known whether the corticoids triggered or participated in the reactions producing glycogen deposition in the liver. Winternitz and Long (2) reported that 2 injections of an adrenal cortical extract caused an increase in glycogen content in the livers of adrenalectomized animals in 2 to 4 hours. Ashmore and co-workers (3) showed that the subcutaneous injection of 17-hydroxycorticosterone appeared to increase the conversion of pyruvate to glucose in liver slices from adrenalectomized-diabetic rats within 2 hours and reached a maximum in 6 hours. Other investigators (1,4) have found that following intravenous or subcutaneous injection of radiocortisol approximately 85% of the C14 given was excreted in the bile in the first 4 hours in rats with biliary fistulas.
Laser induced photodissociation spectroscopy: Br2

Abstract The continuous absorption spectrum of molecular bromine has been examined using laser induced photodissociation spectroscopy. In this technique, Br 2 molecules are photolyzed using a flashlamp-pumped dye laser; the atomic products of the dissociation are then monitored by time-resolved resonance absorption spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet. The relative absorptivities for the transitions B 3 Π o + u ← X 1 Σ + g and 1 Π 1u ← X 1 Σ + g have been obtained at 18350, 21010 and 22125 cm −1 .
Guidelines for a psychiatric hospital intake staff meeting.

Guidelines are presented that help to make psychiatric intake conferences more efficient and productive. The emphasis is placed on having designated personnel meet individually with the patient as well as review the patient's chart prior to the formal intake conference. Thus, the personnel is able to spend more time on formulating a diagnosis and treatment plan than on reviewing the past history of the patient. Information presented at such conferences should consist more of unique contributions from the personnel (e.g., observations, impressions, testing, etc.) than of redundant material commonly known by the personnel assigned to the patient.
Ascending pathways from an osmotically sensitive region of the medulla oblongata.

Abstract Ascending projections from the region of the area postrema of the cat have been investigated by the evoked potential technique. A postremal region is defined which includes the area postrema, nucleus intercalatus, and the solitary and dorsal motor vagal nuclei. Evidence is presented that an ascending pathway links the postremal region with a region bordering the central gray matter of the midbrain. This projection ascends in the medial reticular formation in the vicinity of the tectospinal tract. Responses resulting from stimulation of the postremal region may be distinguished from those following direct stimulation of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and medial reticular formation by their latencies and by the distribution of the sites from which they may be evoked and recorded. The results are discussed with respect to the report of osmotically evoked responses recorded in the region of the area postrema.
A comparison of hyperimmune egg protein and placebo for efficacy and safety among healthy young adults

Methods Twenty-four recreationally active males (23.6 yrs, 176 cm, 69.2 kg and 17.1% body fat) were randomly assigned to either HIE (n = 12) or an egg protein placebo (PLA) group. Participants were supplemented with 4.5 g·d-1 for 2 d, 9 g·d-1 for 2 d and 13.5 g·d-1 for 6 d. HIE and PLA supplements were identical in appearance and taste before and after mixing with 237 mL of milk. Subjects recorded duration and severity of adverse events in a daily log.
Effect of dietary stearic acid on the genesis of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas in strain A/ST mice.

Strain A/ST female mice maintained on a high fat (15%) diet in which stearic acid was the major lipid component developed initial spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas at an older age than mice fed a low fat (4.5%) stock diet. Mice placed on the SA diet at weaning developed tumors at 15.7 +/- 0.87 months compared to 12.7 +/- 0.43 months for those retained on the stock diet (p less than .05). Placing mice on the SA diet at 11.5 months resulted in a smaller but significant increase in the latency period (5.0 +/- 0.86 vs 3.0 +/- 0.57 months +/- 0.57 mo), (p less than .05). Fatty acid analyses of non-tumorous mammary tissue from mid-pregnant mice and of tumor tissues showed that feeding large amounts of 18:0 did not result in increases in the proportion of 18:0. Significant reductions in the percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found in tissues on mice fed the SA diet. The percentage of 18:2 was reduced in both types of tissues; 20:3 and 20:4 was reduced in tumor tissues. Distribution of C18 fatty acids in plasma membranes of tumors of mice fed the two diets were similar; percentages 18:2 was higher in plasma membranes of non-tumorous tissues of mice fed the SA diet. These results suggest that dietary stearic acid interferes with the availability of certain PUFA required for tumor production.
VAGAL MECHANISMS OF HEART RATE REGULATION DURING FEEDING IN PREMATURE INFANTS. † 1068

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a non-invasive indicator of vagal tone on the heart. Vagal pathways producing RSA originate in the nucleus ambiguus and are related to feeding and other processes such as sleep state organization, vocalizations, and non-vocal gestures. To study the utility of RSA as an index of the maturation of vagal pathways in preterm infants, RSA and heart period (HP=interbeat intervals) were monitored during oral or gastric tube bolus feedings in 35 premature infants stratified by gestational age (GA): Group 1=≤30 wks GA (n=18); Group 2=≥31 wks GA (n=17). Infants in Group 1 were tested at a mean post-conceptional age of 33.3±2.3 wks(range=29-37 wk); Group 2 infants were tested at a mean post-conceptional age of 33.9±1.6 wks (range=31-37 wk).
Drugs and falls in community-dwelling older people: a national veterans study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify which specific medications within recognized major problematic drug categories that increase risk of falling were prescribed to veterans before their out-patient treatment for a fall. METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional national secondary outpatient data analysis with an age- and sex-matched comparison group. The setting was the national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) ambulatory health care system in fiscal year (FY) 2004. The study population was VHA patients aged>or=65 years who had fall-related outpatient clinical health care encounters in FY 2004 (as indicated by diagnostic codes) and who received >or=1 outpatient medication during the study period. The age- and sex-matched comparison group consisted of an equal number of patients with nonspecific chest pain. The percentage of patients in each group receiving medications (at the time of the outpatient encounter) that affect the cardiovascular system (CVS), central nervous system (CNS), or musculoskeletal system (MSS) was compared with Bonferrom-adjusted P values. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 20,551 patients; the comparison group included the same number of patients. More patients with fall-coded encounters used CNS drugs than those with nonspecific chest pain (42.05% vs 29.29%). Also, within the CNS category, more patients with fall-coded encounters used antiparkinsonian medications (3.67% vs 1.32%), Alzheimer's disease medications (ie, cholinesterase inhibitors [5.40% vs 2.35%]), anticonvulsants/barbiturates (8.95% vs 5.18%), antidepressants (22.50% vs 14.16%), antipsychotics (4.68% vs 2.01%), opioid analgesics and narcotics (11.21% vs 9.09%), and benzodiazepines (7.60% vs 5.96%) (all, P<0.002). More patients with nonspecific chest pain received CVS drugs compared with the fall-coded group (69.13% vs 63.07%; P<0.002). Within the CVS category, more patients in the nonspecific chest pain group received angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, diuretics, and antiarrhythmics (all, P<0.002). No differences were noted between groups in the MSS category, except for NSAIDs, which more patients in the nonspecific chest pain group used than in the fall-coded group (6.44% vs 5.63%; P<0.002). CONCLUSION: In this study, subjects with a health care encounter for a fall (as indicated by diagnostic code) were prescribed significantly more CNS-category medications than subjects in the age- and sex-matched comparison group.
Hospital Factors and Racial Disparities in Mortality After Surgery for Breast and Colon Cancer

Purpose Black patients have worse prognoses than whites with breast or colorectal cancer. Mechanisms underlying such disparities have not been fully explored. We examined the role of hospital factors in racial differences in late mortality after surgery for breast or colon cancer. Methods Patients undergoing surgery after new diagnosis of breast or colon cancer were identified using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare linked database (1995 to 2005). The main outcome measure was mortality at 5 years. Proportional hazards models were used to assess relationships between race and late mortality, accounting for patient factors, socioeconomic measures, and hospital factors. Fixed and random effects models were used to account for quality differences across hospitals. Results Black patients, compared with white patients, had lower 5-year overall survival rates after surgery for breast (62.1% v 70.4%, respectively; P < .001) and colon cancer (41.3% v 45.4%, respectively; P < .001). After contr...
TH‐C‐350‐07: Impacts of Dose Distribution Variations in Proton Therapy According to Gastro‐Intestinal Tract Air Filling and Breathing

Purpose: For upper abdominal cancers, the simulation CT represents a snapshot of the possible air distribution and radiological thickness of a patient, both of which impact protondose distribution. The purpose of this dosimetric study is to analyze the effect of gastro‐intestinal tract air filling and breathing on the dosedelivered to a superior abdomen target using passive scattering proton therapy.Method and Materials: We used free‐breathing CT (FBCT) and 4D‐CT data sets showing the same 3‐cm pancreatic tumor. Air distribution was reasonable. We reproduced a situation where proton beam parameters would be calculated on a normal breathing patient with gas (no air override: O−FBCT), and we analyzed the dosimetric impacts if air was replaced by stools (air override: O+FBCT) during treatments and vice‐versa. Target coverage for 50.4 CGE in 28 fractions and dose to critical structures were evaluated for different air‐filling and breathing‐phase scenarios. Four‐field plans including 3 incidences going through some gas were compared to 2‐posterior‐field plans. Results: For the 4‐field plans, beam parameter calculations from the O+FBCT resulted in adequate target coverage when the same beam parameters were applied to the O−FBCT. The converse situation resulted in the need for an additional 1‐cm SOBP width to achieve adequate coverage for the antero‐posterior and right‐lateral beams. The 4‐field plans provided insufficient distal target coverage to account for planning uncertainties in the expiration phase, a problem avoided with the 2‐field plan. Conclusion: Our choice of planning margins on O+FBCT for upper abdominal cancerproton therapy is safe for target coverage, even if air filling variations occur during treatments. Planning on an O−FBCT, using a passive scattering technique, results in less conformal plans. The use of posterior incidences for upper abdominal cancers prevents uncertainties, especially in specific clinical situations like ileus or breathing disorders.
Treatment of Body Forces in 2D Elastostatic BEM Using Particular Integrals

A new set of direct and indirect boundary element formulations for two-dimensional elastostatics have been developed. These new formulations differ from currently popular formulations in the treatment of body forces. The method of particular integrals is used resulting in a formulation which requires neither volume nor surface integration to solve the most general body force problem. This formulation is implemented in both direct and indirect boundary element methods using quadratic isoparametric elements. The efficiency and accuracy of this formulation for these two methods are compared for a range of problems. Finally, a multi-region problem with complicated geometry is run in order to show the complete generality of the particular integral method.
Taxon age, origination, and extinction through geologic time

Changes in the taxon ages of fossil marine families that are alive and those that become extinct in each stage of the Phanerozoic reflect changes in the origination rate, differences in the extinct...
Transport properties of layered fabric systems based on electrospun nanofibers

Layered fabric systems with electrospun polyurethane fiber web layered on spunbonded nonwoven were developed to examine the feasibility of developing protective textile materials as barriers to liquid penetration using electrospinning. Barrier performance was evaluated for layered fabric systems, using pesticide mixtures that represent a range of surface tension and viscosity. Air permeability and water vapor transmission were assessed as indications of thermal comfort performance. Protection performance and air/moisture vapor transport properties were compared for layered fabric systems and existing materials for personal protective equipment (PPE). Layered fabric systems with electrospun nanofiber web showed barrier performance in the range between microporous materials and nonwovens used for protective clothing. Layered fabric structures with the web area density of 1.0 and 2.0 g/m2 exhibited air permeability higher than most PPE materials currently in use; moisture vapor transport was in a range comparable to nonwovens and typical woven work clothing fabrics. Comparisons of layered fabric systems and currently available PPE materials indicate that barrier/transport properties that may not be attainable with existing PPE materials could be achieved from layered fabric systems with electrospun nanofibrous web.
Determination of intrinsic switching field distributions in perpendicular recording media : Numerical study of the ΔH(M,ΔM) method

We present a numerical study of the $\Delta H(M,\Delta M)$ method and its ability to accurately determine intrinsic switching field distributions in interacting granular magnetic materials such as perpendicular recording media. In particular, we study how this methodology fails for large ferromagnetic inter-granular interactions, at which point the associated strongly correlated magnetization reversal cannot be properly represented by the mean-field approximation, upon which the $\Delta H(M,\Delta M)$ method is based. In this study, we use a 2-dimensional array of symmetric hysterons that have an intrinsic switching field distribution of standard deviation $\sigma$ and ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions $J$. We find the $\Delta H(M,\Delta M)$ method to be very accurate for small $J/\sigma$ values, while substantial errors develop once the effective exchange field becomes comparable with $\sigma$, corroborating earlier results from micromagnetic simulations. We furthermore demonstrate that this failure is correlated with deviations from data set redundancy, which is a key property of the mean-field approximation. Thus, the $\Delta H(M,\Delta M)$ method fails in a well defined and quantifiable manner that can be easily assessed from the data sets alone.
The enhancement of cytochrome P-450 catalyzed methoxyflurane metabolism by a heat-stable microsomal protein.

Abstract We report the existence of a microsomal, heat-stable, trypsin-sensitive factor that stimulates the O-demethylation of methoxyflurane (CHCl 2 CF 2 OCH 3 ) by partially purified preparations of rabbit hepatic cytochrome P-450. The factor is able to stimulate by five to twelve-fold the methoxyflurane metabolizing activity of cytochrome P-450. In contrast, the metabolism of benzphetamine is not affected by the presence of the factor. The factor is inactivated by extraction with methanol, chloroform, butanol and ethanol. It remains intact after treatment with 6M guanidine hydrochloride and is soluble in trifluoroethanol. Thus, the weight of evidence indicates that this factor is a rather hydrophobic protein.
A Weights-of-Evidence Model for Mapping the Probability of Fire Occurrence in Lincoln County, Nevada

Wildfire is a dynamic ecological process with spatial patterns that reflect multiple influences on fire occurrence and spread. We used weights of evidence techniques to model spatial patterns of wildfire occurrence in relation to landscape-scale drivers of fire in the southern Great Basin. Weights of evidence is a quantitative, data-driven, Bayesian modeling method that can be applied to spatial data for producing maps of expected probability of occurrence. We applied this method to Lincoln County, Nevada, for the period from 1994 to 2005. Fire data were obtained from the National Fire Occurrence Database and from the Bureau of Land Management. Spatial data sets used as potential predictors of fire occurrence included elevation, topography (terrain slope, hillshade illumination, basin vs. range, topographic roughness), geological substrate, vegetation cover type, lightning strike density, annual maximum temperature and total precipitation, soil infiltration and soil water capacity, population and road den...
Cyclic deformation behavior of Cu16at.%Al single crystals Part III: Friction stress and back stress behavior

Abstract To investigate the cyclic hardening behavior of planar slip alloys, the friction stress and the back stress acting on the dislocations were evaluated from analyses of fatigue hysteresis loops. In the initial stage of deformation the friction stress (12 MPa) is larger than the back stress (7 MPa). With accumulation of cycles the back stress increases and eventually leads the friction stress. The friction stress in the early stage of deformation, which is high relative to that of pure metals, is related to the elastic interaction of dislocations and segregated solute atoms. The cyclic hardening of this alloy is mostly caused by the increase of the back stress, which seems to be caused by the accumulation of multipoles and dislocation pile-ups frequently observed in this alloy. The equality of the back stress and the friction stress observed previously for copper breaks down for the behavior of multipoles in this alloy, because the dislocation structure is modified from that of copper to form kinked multipoles or cross-gridded multipoles, types which cannot occur in copper because of the ease of cross-slip in pure metal. The motion of these multipoles is discussed in relation to the observed friction stress and back stress behavior.
FC- AND NON-FC-MEDIATED PHAGOCYTOSIS OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI BY MACROPHAGES

The Fc receptor (FcR) for immunoglobulin has been assigned a major role in the ingestion of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, by macrophages. Yet macrophages readily take up and kill B. burgdorferi that have not been opsonized. By use of doubly-labeled macrophages infected with spirochetes and analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, simultaneous localization of both FcR and spirochetes (opsonized and unopsonized) was quantified. After infection with unopsonized spirochetes, bacterial surface antigen and the FcR remained distinct, confirming the expectation that unopsonized uptake of B. burgdorferi is largely independent of the FcR. A similar lack of colocalization was seen when opsonized spirochetes were ingested by macrophages whose FcRs were sequestered by an immune complex-coated substrate. Furthermore, comparable efficiency of uptake was observed whether or not the FcR was engaged.
Regulation of ERBB3/HER3 signaling in cancer

ERBB3/HER3 is emerging as a molecular target for various cancers. HER3 is overexpressed and activated in a number of cancer types under the conditions of acquired resistance to other HER family therapeutic interventions such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody therapies. Regulation of the HER3 expression and signaling involves numerous HER3 interacting proteins. These proteins include PI3K, Shc, and E3 ubiquitin ligases NEDD4 and Nrdp1. Furthermore, recent identification of a number of HER3 oncogenic mutations in colon and gastric cancers elucidate the role of HER3 in cancer development. Despite the strong evidence regarding the role of HER3 in cancer, the current understanding of the regulation of HER3 expression and activation requires additional research. Moreover, the lack of biomarkers for HER3-driven cancer poses a big challenge for the clinical development of HER3 targeting antibodies. Therefore, a better understanding of HER3 regulation should improve the strategies to therapeutically target HER3 for cancer therapy.
Speaking of Decisions: Precise Decision Language

This paper presents the current state of evolution of a language for teaching and practicing decision analysis that may avoid confusion of students, clients, and ourselves. Many of the terms currently used are inaccurate, arcane, or unnecessary. Restricting decision language to terms that are accurate, familiar, and fundamental contributes to clarity of thought and understanding. To illustrate the type of changes advocated, I propose replacingdependence withrelevance,expectation withe-value,utility withu-value, and eschewingsubjective probability,confidence,uncertainty about probability, any distinction betweenrisk and uncertainty, andstates of nature. I show how to incorporate the new terminology in teaching and practice.
Resolution Scalable Coding and Region of Interest Access with Three-Dimensional SBHP Algorithm

A low-complexity three-dimensional image compression algorithm based on wavelet transforms and set-partitioning strategy is presented. The subband block hierarchial partitioning (SBHP) algorithm is modified and extended to three dimensions, and applied to every code block independently. The resultant algorithm, 3D-SBHP, efficiently encodes 3D image data by the exploitation of the dependencies in all dimensions, while enabling progressive SNR and resolution decompression and region-of-interest (ROI) access from the same bit stream. The code-block selection method by which random access decoding can be achieved is outlined. The resolution scalable and random access performances are empirically investigated. The results show 3D-SBHP is a good candidate to compress 3D image data sets for multimedia applications.
Zinc Transmetallation and Gadolinium Retention after MR Imaging: Case Report

A patient with chronic zinc poisoning from denture cream retained gadolinium after a magnetic resonance imaging procedure, likely due to transmetallation. During chelation therapy, high levels of gadolinium in excreted urine (up to 89 μg/d, 29 days after gadolinium administration) were present, indicating that gadolinium had been retained. Almost 2½ years after gadolinium exposure, a 24-hour urine collection indicated that the gadolinium level remained in the elevated range (0.6 μg/d). This single case report suggests that patients with elevated zinc exposure may be at increased risk of gadolinium retention.
Unification of Several System Realization Algorithms

Unie cation of several system realization algorithms is presented using a generalized version of information matrix consisting of shifted input and output data correlations. The relationship of these realization algorithms is established using matrix factorization of the information matrix. The basis vectors of the column space and the null space of the information matrix are the key elements that provide the link among different realization algorithms. Frequency-domain versions of these realization algorithms are also introduced using the information matrix computed from the frequency responsedata. Experimental examples aregiven to illustrate thevalidity and usefulness of these algorithms with some comparison.
A nitrogen budget of the ribbed mussel,Geukensia demissa, and its significance in nitrogen flow in a New England salt marsh1

Ahstruct The annual nitrogen budget of a mussel (Geukensin demissu = Modiolus demissus) population in a salt marsh was determined and compared to the nitrogen buclgct of the marsh. During each tidal cycle in summer, the mussels filter a volume of water in excess of the tidal volume of the marsh. Yearly, the mussels filter 1.8 times the particulate nitrogen exported from the marsh by tidal flushing. IIalf the nitrogen filtered is absorbed by the mussels and half deposited as feces and pseudofeces (biodeposition). Of the nitrogen absorbed, 55% is excreted as ammonia. As a result, the mussel population releases more ammonia into the marsh water than does any other population in the marsh. Four percent of the nitrogen absorbcd by the mussels is sccrcted in byssal threads, 20% invested in growth, and 21% relcascd in gametes. Gametes are the largest component of mussel production to enter the food web, because mortality of adult mussels is very low.
Response of limbic neurotensin systems to methamphetamine self-administration

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is personally and socially devastating. Although effects of METH on dopamine (DA) systems likely contribute to its highly addictive nature, no medications are approved to treat METH dependence. Thus, we and others have studied the METH-induced responses of neurotensin (NT) systems. NT is associated with inhibitory feedback action on DA projections, and NT levels are elevated in both the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum after noncontingent treatment with high doses of METH. In the present study, we used a METH self-administration (SA) model (linked to lever pressing) to demonstrate that substitution of an NT agonist for METH, while not significantly affecting motor activity, dramatically reduced lever pressing but was not self-administered per se. We also found that nucleus accumbens NT levels were elevated via a D1 mechanism after five sessions in rats self-administering METH (SAM), with a lesser effect in corresponding yoked rats. Extended (15 daily sessions) exposure to METH SA manifested similar NT responses; however, more detailed analyses revealed (i) 15 days of METH SA significantly elevated NT levels in the nucleus accumbens shell and dorsal striatum, but not the nucleus accumbens core, with a lesser effect in the corresponding yoked METH rats; (ii) the elevation of NT in both the nucleus accumbens shell and dorsal striatum significantly correlated with the total amount of METH received in the self-administering, but not the corresponding yoked METH rats; and (iii) an NT agonist blocked, but an NT antagonist did not alter, lever-pressing behavior on day 15 in SAM rats. After 5 days in SAM animals, NT levels were also elevated in the ventral tegmental area, but not frontal cortex of rats self-administering METH.
Telomere 3 ' overhang and disease

In this issue of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Yan et al. [1] report their finding of a small subset of Chinese patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) miss...
Modeling Sentences in the Latent Space

Sentence Similarity is the process of computing a similarity score between two sentences. Previous sentence similarity work finds that latent semantics approaches to the problem do not perform well due to insufficient information in single sentences. In this paper, we show that by carefully handling words that are not in the sentences (missing words), we can train a reliable latent variable model on sentences. In the process, we propose a new evaluation framework for sentence similarity: Concept Definition Retrieval. The new framework allows for large scale tuning and testing of Sentence Similarity models. Experiments on the new task and previous data sets show significant improvement of our model over baselines and other traditional latent variable models. Our results indicate comparable and even better performance than current state of the art systems addressing the problem of sentence similarity.
Forecasting Construction Staffing for Transportation Agencies

When the volume of construction projects let to contract increases significantly, state departments of transportation must critically examine internal construction project management staffing capabilities and accurately forecast the manpower required to execute future projects. This paper describes the development of a model or process to forecast manpower requirements as a function of project type and cost for selected employee classifications. Using data from 130 recently completed highway construction projects and over 11,000 employee payroll entries, regression analysis plots were generated to predict overall manpower requirements for projects of a given type and cost. These overall requirements were then adjusted to predict manpower requirements for individual employee classifications using typical task allocation percentages obtained from questionnaire data. The output from the model serves as input into commercially available critical path method scheduling software to facilitate manpower planning and resource leveling.
No easy way out (or in).

In retrospect, when [Jardetzky 1966][1] published a “simple allosteric model for membrane pumps,” he initiated a conceptual movement away from the (then still) prevailing anthropomorphic view of transporters and pumps as “carriers” in the literal sense, membrane-bound entities that somehow
Confinement-induced differences between dielectric normal modes and segmental modes of an ion-conducting polymer

Dielectric measurement in the range 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz were used to study the motions of polymers and ions in an ion-conducting polymer, polypropylene oxide containing small quantities (on the order of 1%) of lithium ions (LiClO4), confined as a sandwich of uniform thickness between parallel insulating mica surfaces. In the dielectric loss spectrum, we observed three peaks; they originated from the normal mode of the polymer, segmental mode of the polymer, and ion motions. With decreasing film thickness, the peak frequencies corresponding to the normal mode and ion motion shifted to lower frequencies, indicating retardation due to confinement above 30 nm. This was accompanied by diminished intensity of the dielectric normal-mode relaxation, suggesting that confinement diminished the fluctuations of the end-to-end vector of the chain dipole in the direction between the confining surfaces. On the contrary, the segmental mode was not affected at that thickness. Finally, significant retardation of the segmental mode was observed only for the thinnest film (14 nm). The different dynamical modes of the polymer (segmental and slowest normal modes) respond with different thickness and temperature dependence to confinement.
Ethnic Determinants of Lactation in a Population of Mothers in the United States

The American Academy of Pediatrics (1), as well as other professional organizations (2), has strongly endorsed breastfeeding as the nutrition of choice for the healthy term infant during the first four to six months of life. These endorsements reflect an impetus to increase the incidence of breastfeeding in the United States after many years of decline, the low point of which occurred in the 1960’s (3). There has been an apparent increase in the incidence of breastfeeding with approximately 50% of the mothers nourishing their infants in this fashion at the time of discharge from the hospital in 1980 compared to approximately 26.5% in 1965 (3,4). However, this increase in the incidence of breastfeeding has not been as apparent in the lower socioeconomic groups: for example only 37.3% of mothers from families earning less than $7000 per year were breastfeeding in the week after delivery in 1979 versus 55.2% of mothers earning more than $15,000 per year (4). The gradual increase in breastfeeding has continued (61% in 1984) as has the low incidence among families earning less than $7000 per year (36.6% in 1984) (5).
The Coconstruction of Cross-Cultural Miscommunication

This paper examines the sources of miscommunication in a videotaped tutoring session involving a native speaker of Korean and a native speaker of U.S. English. Analysis revealed an initial nonmutual interpretation of participant role and status. These divergent interpretations appear to have resulted from the Korean tutor's transfer of a Korean conversational routine, which he defined as involving polite speaker modesty, to the U.S. English context. The initial conflicting interpretations are maintained and solidified by additional mismatches in discourse management strategies, schema, and contextualization cues. The cumulative effect of these mismatches was the judgment on the part of each of the interlocutors that the other was uncooperative.
Adjuvant Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract: There is no clear consensus on what type of adjuvant therapy should be used for patients with pancreatic cancer. Chemoradiation is the favored treatment modality by many in the United States while gemcitabine based chemotherapy is favored in Europe. Both of these approaches have been shown by large prospective, randomized trials to improve disease free intervals and in some studies overall survival. This review is an update from the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium held in San Francisco, CA, USA. We present the summary of the findings from Abstracts #145 and #269 and discuss the potential impact on our clinical practice on this highly lethal cancer. Image: Sign ( Tufts Medical Center . Boston, MA, USA).