cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large enhancement of perfusion contribution on fMRI signal.

The perfusion contribution to the total functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal was investigated using a rat model with mild hypercapnia at 9.4 T, and human subjects with visual stimulation at 4 T. It was found that the total fMRI signal change could be approximated as a linear superposition of ‘true' blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD; T2/T2*) effect and the blood flow-related (T1) effect. The latter effect was significantly enhanced by using short repetition time and large radiofrequency pulse flip angle and became comparable to the ‘true' BOLD signal in response to a mild hypercapnia in the rat brain, resulting in an improved contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Bipolar diffusion gradients suppressed the intravascular signals but had no significant effect on the flow-related signal. Similar results of enhanced fMRI signal were observed in the human study. The overall results suggest that the observed flow-related signal enhancement is likely originated from perfusion, and this enhancement can improve CNR and the spatial specificity for mapping brain activity and physiology changes. The nature of mixed BOLD and perfusion-related contributions in the total fMRI signal also has implication on BOLD quantification, in particular, the BOLD calibration model commonly used to estimate the change of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen.
Enhancement of movement of mouse peritoneal macrophages caused by colchicine treatment.

Abstract Colchicine in the concentration range of 10 −8 to 10 −4 M enhances the movement of mouse peritoneal macrophages while at higher concentrations it inhibits movement. Maximum movement is observed in the concentration range of 10 −6 to 10 −4 M.
Movement of Indoleacetic Acid in Coleoptiles of Avena sativa L. II. Suspension of Polarity by Total Inhibition of the Basipetal Transport

Acropetal and basipetal movement of indole-3-acetic acid through coleoptiles of Avena sativa L. was studied. Sections 10-mm long were supplied with either apical or basal sources containing C 14 carboxyl-labeled indoleacetic acid (10 −5 m). Anaerobic conditions inhibit metabolically dependent movement (transport) thus reducing basipetal but not acropetal movement. Total inhibition of basipetal transport abolishes the polarity of auxin uptake and movement. The nonpolar movement that remains in anaerobic sections is free diffusion with an average diffusion coefficient of approximately 1 × 10 −4 mm 2 per second. During an 8-hour diffusion, at least the first millimeter of the section comes to equilibrium at approximately the same concentration as the donor. Acropetal movement is probably by diffusion and is accompanied by an aerobic immobilization of indoleacetic acid that increases more than proportionally to concentration. Anaerobic conditions totally prevent this immobilization and reduce acropetal uptake but not the amount of indoleacetic acid moving into the upper parts of the section; there is, therefore, no evidence for acropetal transport. Polarity of auxin movement in aerobic coleoptile sections is achieved by strict basipetal transport of auxin. The basipetal transport may intensify the polarity by recycling auxin that is moving acropetally.
Near‐field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) study of alkyl‐substituted polyfluorene films: the affect of alkyl substituent length on nanoscale polymer ordering and cluster formation.

Pristine and Annealed 170 nm films of the stiff-chain polyfluorene, bearing two hexyl (1) or dodecyl (2) groups at the 9 position were studied using Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM). NSOM images reveal two distinct types of nanoscale film morphology: clusters and long-range order (LRO). Dual polarization and dual wavelength fluorescence collection schemes are combined with the use of simple image math provide both qualitative and quantitative characterization. In pristine films, shorter alkyl substituents (1) reduce the solubility of the polyfluorene in the spinning solution used for spin-coating films which leads to the formation of 50-150 nm clusters which are not present in films made from 2. Clusters can be removed by annealing as a function of time. Polarization shows the clusters are amorphous with fluorescence from both intra and inter-polymer species. The second variety of nanoscale ordering, LRO, is characterized by regions of polarized emission in the polymer films. This polarization can be quantified with an anisotropy value and is barely present in pristine films of 1 but increases dramatically upon annealing to induce a liquid crystalline phase transition. Pristine films of 2 have larger anisotropy values than pristine films of 1, due to longer alkyl-substituent-induced ordering during the spin-coating procedure, but films of 2 have only a slight increase in their anisotropy value upon annealing. Both intra and inter-polymer emitting species are distributed homogeneously throughout both pristine and annealed films within the resolution of our microscope (40-70 nm).
Integrable systems away from critically: The Toda field theory and S-matrix of the tricritical Ising model

Abstract The tricritical Ising model, considered as coset construction with the exceptional group E 7 , is analyzed away from criticality. The additional conserved currents of the corresponding Toda system imply the factorization of the S -matrix, explicitly computed. We discuss the origin of higher-order poles on the physical sheet of the scattering amplitudes and their relevance to the three-point couplings of the theory.
The Moral Importance of Politeness in Kant's Anthropology

In his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1784), Kant explains that ethics, like physics, ‘will have its empirical part, but it will also have a rational part, … though here [in ethics] the empirical part might be given the special name practical anthropology’ (4: 388). In the Groundwork, Kant suggests that anthropology, or the ‘power of judgment sharpened by experience’, has two roles, ‘to distinguish in what cases [moral laws] are applicable’ and ‘to gain for [moral laws] access to the human will’ (4: 389). Twelve years later, the first function, of applying the categorical imperative to specifically human situations, is incorporated into Kant's Metaphysics of Morals (1797).
Laser-Induced Intrinsic and Dye-Sensitized Photoconductivity in β-Carotene Glass

Photoconductivity is studied in thin films of β-carotene glass, an amorphous mixture of β-carotene isomers. Photocurrents are produced by a pulsed dye laser and are on the order of microamperes. The mechanism for production of photocurrent is believed to be two-photon internal photoemission. Photoconduction is also investigated in a variety of organic dyes. These dyes and chlorophyll a are then used to sensitize the photoconduction of β-carotene glass to longer wavelengths than it would normally photoconduct. It is believed that chlorophyll and phthalocyanine donate holes to the carotene after photoexcitation, while the other dyes undergo an energy transfer process. The voltage, laser intensity, and wavelength dependences of the photocurrents are examined and compared with results from earlier studies.
On the proton conductor (H3O)Zr2(PO4)3

The compound HZr/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ was converted to (H/sub 3/O)Zr/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ by refluxing in water for 12 or more hours. The water is lost above 150/sup 0/C to regenerate the original triphosphate. The hydronium ion phase is rhombohedral with hexagonal axes of a = 8.760(1) and c = 23.774(4)A. Proton conduction in these compounds was investigated by an ac impedance method over the frequency range 5Hz - 10MHz. The activation energy for (H/sub 3/O)Zr/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ in the temperature range of 25 to 150/sup 0/C was 0.56eV while the corresponding value for HZr/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ (125 - 300/sup 0/C) was 0.44eV.
Demonstration of an instrument for taking repeated blood pressures in rabbits, with report of some experiments

Conclusions1. The blood pressure in the central artery of a rabbit's ear under properly controlled conditions ranges from 75 to 90 mm. of mercury.2. The figures are sufficiently consistent to allow experimental study of the blood pressure.3. Excitation, exercise and any stimulation tending to dilate the vessels locally increases the pressure above basal figures.4. Injection of adrenalin shows the typical rise.
Opposite stereoselectivities of dirigent proteins in Arabidopsis and schizandra species.

How stereoselective monolignol-derived phenoxy radical-radical coupling reactions are differentially biochemically orchestrated in planta, whereby for example they afford (+)- and (−)-pinoresinols, respectively, is both a fascinating mechanistic and evolutionary question. In earlier work, biochemical control of (+)-pinoresinol formation had been established to be engendered by a (+)-pinoresinol-forming dirigent protein in Forsythia intermedia, whereas the presence of a (−)-pinoresinol-forming dirigent protein was indirectly deduced based on the enantiospecificity of downstream pinoresinol reductases (AtPrRs) in Arabidopsis thaliana root tissue. In this study of 16 putative dirigent protein homologs in Arabidopsis, AtDIR6, AtDIR10, and AtDIR13 were established to be root-specific using a β-glucuronidase reporter gene strategy. Of these three, in vitro analyses established that only recombinant AtDIR6 was a (−)-pinoresinol-forming dirigent protein, whose physiological role was further confirmed using overexpression and RNAi strategies in vivo. Interestingly, its closest homolog, AtDIR5, was also established to be a (−)-pinoresinol-forming dirigent protein based on in vitro biochemical analyses. Both of these were compared in terms of properties with a (+)-pinoresinol-forming dirigent protein from Schizandra chinensis. In this context, sequence analyses, site-directed mutagenesis, and region swapping resulted in identification of putative substrate binding sites/regions and candidate residues controlling distinct stereoselectivities of coupling modes.
Role of myocardial oxygen demand in the pathogenesis of silent ischemia during daily life

Abstract The rote of myocardial oxygen demand in the pathogenesis of silent ambulatory myocardial ischemia was evaluated by reviewing and assessing the methods and results of recent studies. The performance of simultaneous ambulatory electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitoring in 25 men with proven coronary artery disease (CAD) revealed significant increases in heart rate and blood pressure (p 10 bpm) at 1–5 minutes preceding the onset of ST-segment depression. Heart rate increases during exercise testing according to the gradual work load increments of the National Institutes of Health protocol were compared with the heart rate preceding ischemic events during dally life monitored by ambulatory electrocardiography and were found to be closely related. In contrast, heart rate increases that occurred during exercise testing using the standard Bruce protocol were higher and correlated less with those preceding ischemia in daily life. Heart rate and blood pressura increased significantly in most silent ischemic episodes, indicating that increased myocardial oxygen demand plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia during daily life.
The individualistic imagination and natural resource policy

Abstract Natural resource policy in this country is analyzed, with special reference to national forest management. Past and present public forest management are tied to the individualistic tradition of liberal thought stemming from the Enlightenment. The individualism of the liberal tradition has generated difficulties in natural resource management that affect the major policy approaches of today. Particular attention is given to the individual and the role of the state in contradistinction to mediating communal institutions. The case history presented suggests the value of more holistic, communal policy alternatives.
Beliefs about heritability of cancer and health information seeking and preventive behaviors.

Background. Individuals' beliefs about cancer heritability could affect their health information seeking and health behaviors. Methods. Data from 5813 English-speaking adult respondents to the 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey were analyzed. Results. Individuals who believed that knowledge of family history or genes can reduce cancer risk were significantly more likely to have ever looked for cancer information. Ever smokers who believed that genes are the main cause of lung cancer were significantly more likely to smoke currently. Conclusions. Patients need to be educated about genetic susceptibility to cancer in ways that support information seeking and engagement in protective behaviors.
The Influence of Chemical Stimuli from Predators on Precopulatory Pairing by the Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

Many amphipod crustaceans exhibit precopulatory mate guarding. Field samples of the amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus indicated that pairs were positively size assortative. Receptive individuals readily formed pairs in the laboratory and the latency to formation of precopulatory pairs was decreased under threat of predation. In addition, females and, under conditions of extreme danger, males that formed pairs were significantly smaller when under the threat of predation. Amphipods distinguished between chemical stimuli (aquarium water) from predatory and nonpredatory fishes and between chemical cues from fish predators (trout) that had recently eaten conspecific amphipods vs. those fed a control diet of pelleted commercial fish food. These data indicate that chemical stimuli associated with predators can influence reproductive behavior of amphipods. The results also suggest the hipotheses that: 1. search time may be costly in terms of probability of predation; and 2. small pairs may he safer from predation than larger pairs.
A Descent into the Nuage: The Maelstrom of Transposon Control

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Soper et al. (2008) report that the mammalian MAELSTROM (MAEL) protein is critical for transposon silencing in the male germline. Loss of MAEL is associated with meiotic failure and DNA damage, suggesting that efficient transposable element restraining mechanisms must be in place for the preservation of germline integrity.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERPERSONAL SKILLS TRAINING ON THE SOCIAL SKILL ACQUISITION OF MODERATELY AND MILDLY RETARDED ADULTS

Sixteen moderately and mildly retarded adults were selected from a group residential facility and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a 12-session interpersonal skills training program consisting of instruction in the following areas: (1) Introduction and Small Talk, (2) Asking for Help, (3) Differing with Others, and (4) Handling Criticism. The social skills instructional package included verbal instruction, modeling, role playing, feedback, contingent incentives, and homework. As a result of this training program, moderately and mildly retarded adults acquired new social skills as evidenced by performance on a situation role play assessment. These gains generalized to untrained role play situations but did not result in significant group differences when assessed in a more natural setting (i.e., local grocery store).
Peptides modified by myristoylation activate eNOS in endothelial cells through Akt phosphorylation

1 Myristoylated pseudosubstrate of PKCζ (mPS) – a synthetic myristoylated peptide with a sequence (13 amino acids) mimicking the endogenous PKCζ pseudosubstrate region – is considered a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of PKCζ. We present strong evidence that in endothelial cells the action of mPS is not limited to inhibition of PKC activity and that myristoylation of certain peptides can activate eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) through Akt phosphorylation. 2 mPS at micromolar concentrations (1–10 μM) induced profound phosphorylation of eNOS, Akt, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). The same changes were observed after treatment of PAEC with a myristoylated scrambled version of mPS (mScr), whereas a cell-permeable version of PKCζ pseudosubstrate fused to the HIV-TAT membrane-translocating peptide did not induce analogous changes, suggesting that myristoylation confers new properties on the peptides consisting of activation of different signaling pathways in endothelial cells. 3 In addition to mPS and mScr, a number of other myristoylated peptides induced phosphorylation of eNOS suggesting that myristoylation of peptides can activate eNOS by mechanisms unrelated to inhibition of PKC. All active myristoylated peptides contained basic amino acids motif and were longer than six amino acids. 4 Activation of eNOS by myristoylated peptides was dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway and the rise of intracellular calcium and was associated with an elevation of cGMP levels in PAEC and with relaxation of precontracted isolated pulmonary artery segments. 5 Myristoylated peptides can be considered a new class of activators of NO production in endothelial cells and that using mPS as a specific inhibitor of PKCζ should be done with caution, especially in endothelial cells. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 732–740. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706777
Differentiating affective and characterologic DSM‐III‐R psychopathology in non‐treatment, community unipolar depressives

The present study investigated affective and characterologic psychopathology in a sample of 41 community, non-treatment unipolar depressed subjects. Based on DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria, subjects were placed into one of three groups: pure dysthymia, double depression, or pure major depression. All subjects were then administered the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) to determine DSM-III-R, Axis II comorbidity. State depression and anxiety were also assessed at the Axis II interview. Depressive personality features were assessed as well. The groups with pure dysthymia or double depression exhibited proportionally higher Axis II rates and more depressive personality features than the pure major depression group. However, when Axis II prevalence rates were statistically compared among the three groups no statistically significant differences were found, a result that may be attributable to the small sample size. Overall, 37% of the subjects met criteria for one or more Axis II diagnoses. Results indicate substantial characterologic as well as affective features in unipolar depressives with dysthymia in the course. Depression 2:80–88 (1994). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Internal and External Locus of Control as Determinants of Decision Making in a Game of Skill

This study investigated decision making in internally and externally motivated persons as they interacted in a competitive game of skill. Subjects were 36 internally and 36 externally scoring gradu...
Photosynthesis of Helianthus annuus does not acclimate toelevated CO2 regardless of N supply

Abstract A number of studies have shown that relatively long-term exposure to elevated levels of CO 2 can lead to the downward acclimation of photosynthesis. Although the exact mechanisms are not clearly understood, it has been suggested that such a downward adjustment may be more common under limited N availability. Here we examined the effect of N supply on the photosynthetic acclimation response of Helianthus annuus L. cv. Teddy Bear plants to elevated CO 2 at three growth stages – 18, 38 and 56 d after emergence corresponding to vegetative, pre-flowering and flowering stages. Plants were grown at CO 2 partial pressures of 37 or 70 Pa, and supplied with 0.5, 2.5 or 5 mol·m –3 N. After 18 d of treatment, photosynthetic capacity of H . annuus as evaluated by parameters derived from the A-C i data (Rubisco carboxylation capacity, V c,max ; electron transport capacity, J max ; and capacity for triose phosphate utilization, TPU) showed no acclimation to elevated CO 2 . The leaf nitrogen concentration, [N], and total non-structural carbohydrates, [TNC], were also comparable between ambient- and elevated-CO 2 -grown plants. However, all these photosynthetic parameters as well as leaf [N], but not [TNC], significantly increased in response to N supply. Similarly, after 38 and 56 d of exposure to CO 2 treatments, photosynthetic capacities, foliar [N] and [TNC] did not significantly differ between ambient- and elevated-CO 2 plants. These results suggest that H . annuus plants maintained their photosynthetic capacity during long-term exposure to elevated CO 2 because of their capacity to maintain leaf N-status. It is further suggested that plant capacity to maintain the balance between C and N acquisition rather than simply N-supply level, may determine whether photosynthetic acclimation in response to elevated CO 2 occurs or not.
Compression testing of continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites with out-of-plane fiber waviness and circular notches

Abstract We investigated the face-stabilized Open-Hole Compression (OHC) test method for evaluating the effects of fiber waviness on the compression strength of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Temporal evaluations of the load-deformation response, acoustic emissions and optical microscopy are used to understand the failure modes and damage progression in the OHC specimen. The failure modes observed are structurally correlated to matrix failure and kink zone formation leading to fiber fracture. The results show how the resin pocket plays a more critical role than the layup in influencing the initiation of damage in the composite specimens.
Improving the quality of environmental management: impact on shareholder value

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build upon the conceptual model developed by Feldman et al. (1997) that demonstrated a link between improved environmental performance and increased market value for publicly traded corporations. ISO 14000 standards, not yet established at the time of their study, provide the framework for a strategic approach to environmental management with an emphasis on continuous quality improvement. Consequently, ISO 14000 certification is used as the basis for creating an investment portfolio of publicly traded companies. While previous research has examined short-term stock market reactions to ISO 14000 certification, this study evaluates the longer term impact on shareholder value by comparing the ISO portfolio’s performance against other funds. It adds to the existing literature on the “pay to be green” question. Design/methodology/approach – The successful attainment of ISO 14000 certification is used as the basis for developing a portfolio that is followed over time in...
Trade Promotions a Call For a More Rational Approach

Power retailers have come to dominate the retail competition in recent years. A new class of merchants, they not only have begun to rule their tier of the channel, but they are also e:<erting tremendous influence over their suppliers. Nowhere is this more evident than in the packaged goods industry, where retailers have l teen able to demand trade deals from manufacturers previously believed to rule the distributive trade with an iron hand. Manufacturers ha tie responded by engaging in what seems to be 3 neyer-ending escalations of promotional and price allowances aimed at buying their way onto the retailers’ shelves.
On the numerical computation of orbits of dynamical systems: the higher dimensional case

A finite time version of the shadowing theorem is used to develop a procedure to determine the accuracy of numerically computed orbits of one-dimensional maps. The procedure works forward. After any given number of iterates, we can decide whether our theorem applies and, if it does, we can estimate how far the computed orbit is from a true orbit.
Tracheostomy decannulation: marathons and finish lines

Critically ill patients with a tracheostomy who are recovering from respiratory failure eventually require evaluation for airway decannulation. Although expert recommendations guide decisions for managing decannulation, few if any investigative data exist to inform evidence-based care. Consequently, practice variation limits the effectiveness of weaning from tracheostomy. In an investigation reported in this issue of Critical Care, the authors surveyed experienced physicians and respiratory therapists to assess their opinions on managing airway decannulation and identified several clinical factors that they recommend for selecting patients for tracheostomy tube removal. The authors propose that these factors can assist with designing clinical trials of tracheostomy decannulation. Pending completion of such studies, this report underscores the problem of practice variation in managing tracheotomized patients after critical illness. An important implication of the study is that care providers should recognize our knowledge deficit and develop systematic protocols for improving patient care using quality improvement techniques. Such models exist in the literature for adult patients and for children with tracheostomies who are managed by expert teams with requisite knowledge and skills.
Imagery and Strategy

This article addresses a relatively unexplored area: the language that top managers share in the process of strategic decision-making. An empirical investigation of two groups of top managers responding to the same external stimuli revealed, first, that much of the language with which strategy was articulated was filled with imagery and, second, that managers made strategic decisions in partial response to their figures of speech.It is suggested that the process by which imagery emerges and influences decision-making may comprise three stages:(a) collective discussion of individual perceptions of the stimuli; (b) evolution of a common vocabulary and syntax, including images, by which managers describe and communicate aspects of the stimuli; (c) emergence of a reigning image that permeates the language describing the stimuli to which top managers respond strategically.
Valsalva-Induced Cluster: A New Subtype of Cluster Headache

We report the case of a man who suffered from Valsalva-induced cluster headaches. The headaches deviated from classic cluster in that they were solely induced by activity involving the Valsalva maneuver, such as coughing and sneezing, and never occurred spontaneously. The attacks were prevented by treatment with indomethacin. This may be the first reported case of cluster that only occurs after a defined trigger and never spontaneously. It also may be the first cluster headache subtype that is indomethacin responsive.
Foodfish Production Strategies Using 13‐cm and 19‐cm Hybrid Catfish, ♀Ictalurus punctatus × ♂Ictalurus furcatus

Most hybrid catfish, ♀Ictalurus punctatus × ♂Ictalurus furcatus, producers stock 18- to 19-cm fingerlings in single-batch production. While stocking smaller fingerlings would be less expensive, the economic trade-offs of using smaller fingerlings is unknown. Two sizes of hybrid catfish fingerlings (13-cm and 19-cm) were stocked in single-size treatments at 9884 head/ha and a multi-size treatment with each size stocked at 9884 head/ha (total 19,768 head/ha). In the 13-cm and 19-cm single-size treatments, 87 and 98%, respectively, reached market size in one season. In the multi-size treatment, 77% of all fish stocked reached market size, demonstrating that more than half of the 13-cm fish reached market size in this treatment. Gross, net, and marketable yields were significantly greater in the multi-size treatment when compared to the 13-cm or 19-cm single-size treatments, but were not significantly different between the two single-size treatments. The 19-cm single-size treatment resulted in greater break-even prices and economic risk than the other two treatments. This study demonstrated that 13-cm hybrid catfish fingerlings can be raised economically in both single- and multi-size production systems in the southern USA.
Stock Selection and Timing—A New Look At Market Efficiency

In this paper it is shown that stock returns do not conform to a random walk model, nor to the more general martingale model, but nevertheless the stock market is weak-form efficient. This result is not surprising when we recall that risk-averse investors are typically concerned with more than the first moment of a security return’s distribution, and market efficiency is appropriately determined in terms of (expected) utility - not profits alone. Extant tests of market efficiency have ignored this point. By examining the first two moments of return distributions, and by not assuming any form of equilibrium pricing model, we provide tests of weakform market efficiency which are more powerful than prior studies. A market is considered informationally efficient if market prices ‘fully reflect’ information. The (sub)set of information presumed to be reflected determines the particular form of market efficiency. The market is said to be efficient in the weak-forms if market prices fully reflect the past realizations of market prices. Extant tests of the weak-form of market efficiency (e.g., Fama, 1970; Fama and Blume, 1966; and Mandelbrot, 1966) examine whether information on past price movements can be exploited to enhance profit. These tests assume that investors looking to profit from ‘trend’ data are risk-neutral. However, the normative theory of portfolio selection due to Markowitz (1952), and positive theories of capital asset pricing (e.g., Sharpe, 1964) are developed assuming that investors are risk-averse, This paper fills a gap in the literature by testing the informational efficiency of the stock market by exploring whether or not gains in CXpGGtcd utility are attainable by utilizing the time series of past stock prices. In particular, since Sharpe (1963), a simple algorithm has been available for risk-averse investors to use in selecting optimal portfolios. Normative Portfolio Theory of Markowitz (1952) (N.2“) suggests the use of historical data to obtain estimates of expected return and risk, and then apply a mathematical programming algorithm to build Mean-Variance (E- V) efficient portfolios. Surprisingly, studies that have tackled the timing question have done so in a vacuum vis-B-vis optimal (E- V) portfolio selection.
Natural motion for robot arms

This paper describes some initial steps toward the development of more natural control strategies for free motion of robot arms. The standard lumped parameter dynamical model of an open kinematic chain is shown to be stabilizable by linear feedback, after nonlinear gravitational terms have been cancelled. A new control algorithm is proposed and is shown to drive robot joint positions and velocites asymptotically toward arbitrary time-varying reference trajectories.
What are the specific disability and limitation types underlying responses to the BRFSS disability questions

Abstract Background Researchers rely on resources such as BRFSS data to understand the health status of people with disability. However, the survey data rely on a limited definition of disability resulting in imprecise inferences about the nature of disability. Understanding how health varies among people with different types of disability is vital to tailoring interventions for improving health and eliminating disparities. Objective The purpose of this study was to utilize state added follow-up questions in the 2011 South Carolina BRFSS to describe the specific health conditions and limitations attributed to their disability and to compare health status across different types of disability. Methods Participants reporting a disability were asked to name health condition(s) causing disability and describe their disability-related limitations. Descriptive statistics were calculated using weighted proportions. Logistic regression was used to model the associations of specific health conditions and limitations with the outcomes of self-rated general health and mental health status, controlling for demographic factors. Results The 5 most commonly reported health condition categories were (weighted percentage): musculoskeletal (68.56%); pulmonary (10.41%); neurologic (8.48%); heart disease (8%) and mental health (7.31%). The 5 most commonly reported limitation categories were: mobility/balance limitations (46.29%); pain (23.22%); breathing problems (12.36%); general weakness/fatigue (9.57%) and limited lifting (8.24%). There was substantial variation in the degree of association between categories of conditions and limitations and the outcomes of self-rated physical and mental health. Conclusions Researchers and practitioners should consider variability in the nature of disability when designing interventions to improve the health of people with a disability.
Self-assembly of benzyl cyclopentadienyl lithium

Crystal structures of η5-coordinated polymers of cyclopentadienyl lithium (CpLi) derivatives are rare. Herein we describe the solid-state characterization of the base-free supersandwich of benzyl cyclopentadienyl lithium ([BnCp–Li]∞). The self-assembled polymer has the shortest mean Li–Cp (2.286 A) and Li–Cpcentroid (1.948 A) bond distances of known mono-substituted CpLi compounds.
1018-50 Procedural Results and Long Term Clinical Outcomes in Aorto-Ostial Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions After New Device Angioplasty

Balloon angioplasty of aorto-ostial (AO, ≤3 mm from aorta) saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions has been associated with suboptimal results and high restenosis frequency. New angioplasty devices are being utilized to treat AOSVG lesions but comparative efficacy has not been established. Therefore, we compared the early procedural results and late clinical outcomes of 85 patients (90 lesions) treated with the Palmaz-Schatz stent (S) and 34 pts (41 lesions) treated with directional atherectomy (DCA). There was no difference in pt demographics between the 2 groups. TLR = target lesion revascularization, procedural success = final % stenosis g50% and no major complications (death, MI, CABG), and event free survival = freedom from major complications or repeat PTCA at follow-up. stent DCA P value Angiographic Findings : Ulceration (%) 16.3 0.0 0.005 Lesion length/Reference size (mm) 8.9 ± 6.0/3.8 ± 0.7 5.3 ± 2.9/3.7 ± 0.7 0.0002/0.8 Acute gain (mm)/Final % stenosis 2.4 ± 0.9/4+7 2.1+0.7/13 ± 14 0.13/0.004 Clinical Findings : Major complications (%) 2.4 5.9 0.32 Procedural success (%) 96.5 94.1 0.62 %TLR @ 6/12 months 20.6/32.8 30.8/41.7 0.05 % Event free survival 6/12 months 73.6/52.8 57.8/42.4 0.15 In conclusion 1) Despite a higher frequency of adverse lesion characteristics including ulceration and longer lesions, S placement achieved improved angiographic results (lower final % stenosis) compared to DCA. 2) Similarly, late clinical outcomes favored S (vs DCA) with fewer TLR events and a higher event free survival. 3) Nevertheless, the overall results of these new device modalities (S and DCA) for AO-SVG lesions are discouraging (l50% 12-month event free survival) and mandate further therapy refinements to improve late clinical outcomes.
Reductive heterocoupling mediated by Cp*2U(2,2′-bpy)

Trivalent Cp*2U(2,2′-bpy) (2) (Cp* = C5Me5, 2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), which has a monoanionic bipyridine, was treated with p-tolualdehyde (a), furfuraldehyde (b), acetone (c), and benzophenone (d). Reduction of the CO bond followed by radical coupling with bipyridine forms the U(IV) derivatives [Cp*2U(2,2′-bpy)(OCRR′)] (3a–d).
Biases in long-term location memory in the real world:

The category adjustment (CA) approach to distortions in location memory has been largely documented in simplified lab-created spaces but minimally in navigable real-world environments. In the current paper, we extend the approach to a navigable real-world environment and specifically evaluate the assumption that long-term location memory may be retrievable despite errors in recall. Memory for the location of a fountain in a heavily navigated square on a university campus was tested by reproduction on a photograph of the square and then by a forced-choice recognition test. While the recall data showed the standard bias, the recognition data revealed chance-level performance. The pattern of results suggests a possible difference between accessibility of working memories for locations within laboratory-created spaces and long-term memories for locations within complex navigable spaces. The results are discussed in terms of the CA model.
Second virial coefficient measurements of dilute gold nanocrystal dispersions using small-angle X-ray scattering

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the size-dependent two-body solvent-mediated interparticle interactions between dodecanethiol-coated gold nanocrystals (2-6 nm in diameter) in dilute toluene dispersions. Using a modified Zimm analysis of concentration-dependent X-ray scattering data, the second virial coefficient B 2 was measured as a function of nanocrystal diameter and compared to theoretical predictions. The measured values of B 2 are more negative than those expected for hard spheres, indicating that interparticle attractions are significant in this system, even though the particles are dispersed in good solvents for the ligands. The data can be fit using a square well potential to model the pair interactions with nanocrystal size-dependent well depths ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 kT and a range of interaction of 30 A. The interaction potentials between particles in the larger size range (i.e., >5 nm diameter) are close to those expected from a simple steric stabilization model accounting for the core-core van der Waals attraction modified by an osmotic repulsion between adsorbed chains. Smaller particles, however, exhibited significantly stronger attraction than expected from this simple model, which could possibly be due to decreased ligand surface coverage at the smaller nanocrystal sizes.
The vapor pressure, infrared spectrum, and thermodynamic properties of ZrF4(g)

Abstract The vibrational spectrum of ZrF 4 in the gas phase was measured by high-temperature infrared spectroscopy. The spectrum showed two strong bands which were assigned to the asymmetric stretching wavenumber v 3 and the asymmetric bending wavenumber v 4 . From a correlation of the established i.r.-inactive wavenumbers in other MX 4 molecules with the i.r.-active values, the two i.r.-inactive modes in ZrF 4 were estimated with an expected accuracy of about ± 15 cm -1 . In addition, the vapor pressure of ZrF 4 (c) was measured in the range 700 K to 850 K by the torsion-effusion technique, yielding for the equilibrium pressure p c : Ig( p c / p °) = (11974 ± 26)( T /K) -1 + (10.284 ± 0.062), where p ° = 101.325 kPa. The entropy of ZrF 4 (g), derived from the second-law entropy of vaporization and the known entropy of the solid, is in close accord with the corresponding statistical value calculated from the vibrational wavenumbers and the reported structural parameters for tetrahedral ZrF 4 , showing that the results are internally consistent. Enthalpies of sublimation and thermodynamic properties of ZrF 4 (g) are reported.
Simulation of point-source scintillation through three-dimensional random media

We have calculated intensity spectra and variances for waves emanating from a point source and propagating through extended three-dimensional random media by simulation. Spectra of the medium fluctuations considered were power-law, power-law with inner scale, and Gaussian spectra. The simulations covered the regimes of weak fluctuations and strong focusing, including the peak of the intensity variance and beyond. The intensity variances are substantially larger than both the corresponding results for plane-wave incidence and the theoretical calculations for point sources by other authors. Our simulation results agree reasonably closely with the results of laserpropagation experiments over kilometer-length paths in the atmosphere.
Developing Moral Character.

This chapter synthesizes WNS research that examined moral character and concludes with recommendations for student affairs practice.
Bend Strength versus Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics

The bending strength of fiber-reinforced glasses and ceramics is often observed to be higher than their tensile strength; the difference varies, however, from one material to another. To gain an understanding of the relationship between these two measures of strength, the authors have carried out an analysis of bending which accounts for the deviations from linearity that occur on the tensile side of the beam. The results of this analysis indicate that the strength ratio (bending strength/tensile strength) depends most sensitively on the rate at which the stress drops after the ultimate tensile strength. In particular, composites failing gracefully (with a gradual decay in stress) tend to have comparatively higher strengths in bending. A method of inferring the tensile strength from simply the load-deflection curve in bending is proposed. In addition, by accounting for the weakness in interlaminar shear, they can predict the variation in bend strength with beam aspect ratio. The various theories are compared with experimental data.
Let Me Count the Ways The Interchange of Verbal and Nonverbal Cues in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Affinity

Alternative views of computer-mediated communication suggest that it is devoid of affective cues and interpersonal expression, or that the translation of affect into verbal cues facilitates relational communication. Little research has examined basic affective communication online, mirroring a dearth of empirical research identifying spontaneous affective verbal cues in face-to-face interaction. An experiment prompted participants to enact greater or lesser affinity in face-to-face or synchronous computer chat dyads in order to assess the proportion of affect expressed verbally online compared to that which is verbal offline and the specific behaviors that account for affective communication in each channel.Partners’ ratings demonstrated affective equivalency across settings. Analyses of the verbal, kinesic, and vocalic behaviors of face-to-face participants and verbal transcripts from computer sessions revealed specific cues in each condition that led to these ratings. Results support a primary but previ...
The Effects of Perceived Stress and Facebook on Accounting Students’ Academic Performance

This paper has three objectives. First, we investigate the effects of perceived stress on the academic performance of accounting students. Second, we examine the association of Facebook use with perceived stress. Third, we investigate the effect of Facebook usage on accounting students’ academic performance. To measure the perceived stress we used the Perceived Stress Scale developed in the prior research for the shorter version and used it to collect data from accounting students at two universities. We found that female accounting students reported higher stress scores than their male counterparts. In addition, the results indicated that this phenomenon affected their academic performance negatively. African American accounting students were more likely to report higher stress scores than their non-African American counterparts. Further investigation showed that African American students are more likely to live alone or to live in the dorm. They are also more likely to be working while going to school. Our analysis shows that higher Facebook use is associated with stress and the respondents in our sample, who used Facebook while studying, reported higher levels of stress and were less in control of things. Finally, our results show that accounting students who use Facebook while studying experienced lower academic performance after controlling for stress.
Identification and structure of neurons in the medial geniculate body projecting to primary auditory cortex (AI) in the cat

The neuronal types in the ventral nucleus of the cat medial geniculate body projecting to the primary auditory cortex (AI) were investigated using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. These cells were compared with the morphology of neurons as revealed in Golgi and Nissl preparations, plastic-embedded tissue, and electron microscopic material. After large injections, more than 90% of the neurons in the ventral nucleus, the principal nucleus of the lemniscal auditory pathway, were labeled, and the population of labeled cells included both large and small neuronal somata. Since the ventral nucleus contains only two varieties of cells--large neurons with bushy dendrites and an unbranched axon, and smaller cells with thin dendrites and a locally projecting axon--it is concluded that at least some of the small cells, previously believed to be interneurons, may function both as local circuit and as projection neurons. These findings were confirmed in toluidine blue-stained, 1-2 micron thick sections, and in the electron microscope, where small cells with sparse cytoplasm and a deeply invaginated nuclear envelope often contained intracellular horseradish peroxidase granules, as well as the larger neurons. Besides the small, labeled neurons in the ventral nucleus, many labeled cells were seen in the interstitial nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus. This hitherto poorly characterized group of cells is embedded among the fibers of the brachium of the inferior colliculus. Many of the morphologically distinct varieties of cells in the medial division of the medial geniculate body, including small neurons, were labeled. Thus, in addition to the route embodied by the large bushy neurons which project to primary auditory cortex, at least one other pathway--represented by certain of the small cells in the ventral nucleus, reaches the primary auditory cortex.
A Shift in Emphasis: Comments on CAE's New Mission Statement

In a presidential address prepared for the 2006 Council on Anthropology and Education (CAE) meeting, I argue that the new mission statement for CAE represents not a new direction for the organization, but simply a shift in emphasis, albeit an important and timely shift.
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Immunorecessive Epitopes of Glucuronoxylomannan, the Major Capsular Polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, Reduce Serotype Bias in an Immunoassay for Cryptococcal Antigen

Immunoassay for detection of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, is an important tool for diagnosis of cryptococcosis. However, immunoassays that are based solely or in part on detection with polyclonal antibodies may show serotype bias in detection of GXM, particularly limited sensitivity for serotype C. In this study, we describe detection of GXM in an antigen capture sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used a cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). MAb F12D2 was previously produced by immunization with GXM that had been treated to remove O-acetyl groups, a major source of serotype specificity. MAb F12D2 has a high degree of reactivity with GXM of serotypes A, B, C, and D, but the reactivity with serotype D was less than was found with other MAbs. MAb 339 is highly reactive with GXM of serotypes A and D. Use of a combination of the two MAbs produced an immunoassay that had the best properties of both MAbs, including good reactivity with serotype C, which is an emerging threat in sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest that next-generation immunoassays for diagnosis of cryptococcosis may be formulated by (i) use of immunization and hybridoma screening strategies that are designed to prospectively meet the needs of immunoassay performance and (ii) careful selection of MAbs that span the expected polysaccharide serotypes in the subject patient population.