cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linkage heterogeneity of end-stage renal disease on human chromosome 10.

Linkage heterogeneity of end-stage renal disease on human chromosome 10. Background The human syntenic region of the rodent renal failure-1 gene (Rf1 ), an attractive candidate region for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) susceptibility, is located on chromosome 10q24-q26. In an attempt to assess for linkage between markers on human chromosome 10 and ESRD, we performed a linkage analysis in 356 African American sib pairs concordant for ESRD [199 sib pairs concordant for non-diabetic etiologies (hypertension-associated, chronic glomerulonephritis and unknown) and 157 sib pairs concordant for diabetic ESRD]. Methods Linkage was tested between 30 polymorphic markers spanning chromosome 10 and ESRD using GeneHunter software. Results In all 356 sib pairs, the maximum likelihood ratio z-score (Zlr) occurred near locus D10S677 (Zlr = 3.33, P = 0.0004, lod=3.40), with a lesser peak near D10S1435 (Zlr = 1.77, P = 0.04, lod=1.42). The locus at D10S677 contributed significantly to both diabetic ESRD (Zlr = 2.39, P = 0.008, lod=2.08) and non-diabetic ESRD (Zlr = 2.35, P = 0.009, lod=2.03). Additionally, the D10S677 peak was observed in both early onset (≤50 years) and late onset (>50 years) ESRD (Zlr = 2.96, P = 0.002, lod=2.82 in early onset and Zlr=1.96, P = 0.03, lod=1.60 in late onset ESRD families, respectively). The lesser peak at D10S1435 was observed in families with non-diabetic etiologies of ESRD (Zlr = 1.94, P = 0.02, lod=1.58) and in those with early onset ESRD (Zlr = 1.89, P = 0.03, lod=1.53). Conclusions These results suggest that the region near D10S677, adjacent to the human homolog of the Rf1 gene, contributes to ESRD susceptibility in African Americans. They confirm that the region on 10p, near D10S1435, appears to be involved in early onset, non-diabetic etiologies of ESRD in African Americans.
Overview of particulate exposures in the US trucking industry

As part of a large epidemiologic study of lung cancer, 55 000 subjects, we have conducted a nation-wide survey of particulate exposures in the US trucking industry. The goal is to differentiate the risks from various types of particulate exposures, such as traffic emissions and general air pollution. We hypothesize that exposures defined by job and work site characteristics can be linked with subjects using their personal job histories. This report covers exposures at 36 randomly chosen large truck freight terminals in the US. Measurements were made of PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) upwind of the terminal (background) and in work areas, and by personal samples. Significant differences in exposure intensity, μg m−3, were found for work locations and jobs relative to background levels (GM[GSD]) at terminal sites: PM2.5 9.8[2.34], EC 0.5[3.24], and OC 5.0[1.76]. Using EC as a marker for diesel particles, work locations varied significantly: office 0.3[3.7], dock area 0.7[2.89] and shop area 1.5[3.52]), as did job titles (non-smokers): clerk 0.1[9.98], dock worker 0.8[2.13], and mechanic 2.0[3.82]. Cigarette smoking contributed substantially to personal exposures, approximately doubling PM2.5 and OC, but having less of an effect on EC. Large differences were seen across the terminal sites due to differences in local regional air pollution levels from traffic and other sources. We conclude that it will be possible to estimate current exposures of the cohort using an exposure assignment matrix based on job title, work location, and terminal site. This distribution overlaps substantially with the general public’s exposure to these sources.
The overkill hypothesis as a plausible explanation for the extinctions of late Wisconsin megafauna

Abstract The pulse of large mammal extinctions at the close of the last ice age was a pronounced ecological catastrophe in the Western Hemisphere. Available paleoenvironmental, paleontological, and archeological data are largely concordant with the “overkill” hypothesis proposing that human predation was the cause of these extinctions. Climatic explanations fail to postulate specific mechanisms accounting for the event's timing, differential impact, geographic extent, and stratigraphic singularity. Lack of provisional acceptance of the overkill hypothesis, when no viable alternatives exist, may be in part because this unconventional hypothesis violates a strong sociocultural bias, the image of prehistoric man as the “noble savage”.
Gas-phase synthesis and structure of monomeric ZnOH: a model species for metalloenzymes and catalytic surfaces.

Monomeric ZnOH has been studied for the first time using millimeter and microwave gas-phase spectroscopy. ZnOH is important in surface processes and at the active site of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. In the millimeter-wave direct-absorption experiments, ZnOH was synthesized by reacting zinc vapor, produced in a Broida-type oven, with water. In the Fourier-transform microwave measurements, ZnOH was produced in a supersonic jet expansion of CH3OH and zinc vapor, created by laser ablation. Multiple rotational transitions of six ZnOH isotopologues in their X2A′ ground states were measured over the frequency range of 22–482 GHz, and splittings due to fine and hyperfine structure were resolved. An asymmetric top pattern was observed in the spectra, showing that ZnOH is bent, indicative of covalent bonding. From these data, spectroscopic constants and an accurate structure were determined. The Zn–O bond length was found to be similar to that in carbonic anhydrase and other model enzyme systems.
Overuse Injuries in Youth Sports

Although youth sports participation is beneficial on many levels, it is also associated with an increased risk of injury. Risk factors for injury in children and adolescents include the presence of growth cartilage, existence of muscle imbalance, and pressure to compete despite pain and fatigue. Overuse injuries, such as patellofemoral pain, Osgood-Schlatter disease, calcaneal apophysitis, Little League elbow, Little League shoulder, spondylolysis, and osteochondritis dissecans, are common injuries in organized sports. However, proper education, supervision, and training can help reduce the risk of these injuries and facilitate early intervention.
Emerging Leaders Project: Connecting University Resources to Community-Based Organizations Supporting Refugee Resettlement

In recent decades, populations seeking refuge have underscored the limitations of what have been standard approaches to resettlement. Shrinking resources, post-9/11 increase in security measures, and the diverse needs and assets of new arriving populations have exacerbated existing weaknesses in U.S. social service delivery systems and challenged neighborhoods inexperienced in these areas with complex issues of integration (Kerwin, 2011). In response to these issues, the University of Utah, the Utah State Refugee Services Office, and Salt Lake City Community College started an initiative to support the development of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) and provide leadership and organizational training to existing leaders within these communities. The project created a shared space for community capacity building and integration as a two-way process. This paper will describe the formation and impact of the Emerging Leaders Project, a community-based participatory action research (CBPR) project focused on capacity building with new arriving communities in Salt Lake City.
Vacuum pumping study of titanium-zirconium-vanadium thin films

Vacuum pumping via non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin film deposited directly onto the interior of a vacuum chamber is a novel way to achieve extreme high vacuum. As part of R&D efforts for the proposed Energy Recovery Linac at Cornell, the pumping performance of Titanium-Zirconium-Vanadium (TiZrV) NEG thin films was investigated to provide 'engineering' data for designing vacuum systems using such NEG thin films. The compositions and growth rates of the NEG thin films, deposited on stainless steel tubes using DC Magnetron sputtering, were investigated using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. The pumping speeds and capacities of the thin films for CO and H/sub 2/ were measured as functions of activation temperatures and durations, and film thickness. Though pumping of CO and H/sub 2/ by the NEG films is observed with activation temperatures as low as 150 /spl deg/C, the pumping performance of the NEG films improves significantly with activation temperatures above 250 /spl deg/C.
Detection of experimental Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium infections in laying hens by fluorescence polarization assay for egg yolk antibodies

Abstract Identifying infected laying flocks is a critical component in efforts to prevent eggborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis to humans. In the present study, egg yolk samples from experimentally infected chickens were tested for specific antibodies with a very rapid fluorescence polarization assay using tracers prepared from the O-polysaccharides of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium and a conventional ELISA using an S. enteritidis flagellin antigen. In two trials, groups of specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected orally with 106 or 10(8) cfu of S. enteritidis (phage type 13a) or with 10(8) cfu of S. typhimurium. Eggs were collected during five weekly postinoculation intervals. Both fluorescence polarization and ELISA detected the majority of hens infected with S. enteritidis at either dose level, although they also frequently cross-reacted with samples from hens infected with S. typhimurium. Fluorescence polarization with an S. typhimurium tracer was likewise able to consistently detect S. typhimurium infection but also tended to cross-react with samples from hens infected with S. enteritidis. Fluorescence polarization appears to offer a simple and rapid alternative to conventional serological methodology, although concerns about specificity may limit the usefulness of antibody testing data.
The influence of a spirituality-based intervention on quality of life, depression, and anxiety in community-dwelling adults with cardiovascular disease: a pilot study.

Purpose and Design: The specific aims of this pre-experimental pilot study were to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an individualized spirituality-based intervention on health-related outcomes (quality-of-life [QOL], depression, and anxiety) in community-dwelling patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Self-reported QOL, depression, and anxiety data were provided by cardiac patients recruited from three community-based organizations, ( N = 27) at baseline and one month later. The Spirituality Scale developed by the principal investigator assessed study participants’ level of spirituality and scoring on the subscales activated one or more of three spirituality-based interventions. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate temporal changes. Findings: Patients who participated in the 1-month intervention demonstrated a significant modest increase in overall QOL. There was a trend toward lower depression scores but this was not significant. No significant ch...
Disparities in Health Services Use Among Multiracial American Young Adults.

Addressing disparities in health services utilization remains critical for improving minority health; however, most studies do not report on the health service use of multiracial young adults (age 22–34). This study compares past year health service use of self-identified multiracial (two or more races) young adults with monoracial White young adults. Weighted survey data from Add Health (N = 7296) and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Compared to monoracial White young adults, Black-White multiracial [OR 0.40, 95 % CI (0.17–0.90)] and Black-Native American multiracial [OR 0.23, 95 % CI (0.09–0.63)] young adults are less likely to report primary care service use in the past year. Multiracial young adults have different health care service utilization than their White monoracial peers with Black-Native American young adults appearing to be particularly vulnerable to under-utilization of primary care services. It is important to examine multiracial subgroups when studying patterns of health services utilization.
Building a Teaching Technology Toolbox for Rangeland Ecology

T he world is becoming more connected and inte- grated with technology by the minute, and the academic world is no exception. Students are of the Digital Age, and faculty struggle to keep up. Despite the technological literacy of students, schools and universities still provide the scienti c background and appli- cable tools for rangeland ecology and management careers. Thus, instructors can use technology and online resources as learning tools to develop students’ understanding of scienti c fundamentals, core competences, and practical skills neces- sary for the workplace. Here, we discuss the reasons to use technology and online resources, provide examples applicable to rangeland ecology and management, and discuss consider- ations when employing technology in teaching. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i3_newingham
Direct lateral profiling of hot-carrier-induced oxide charge and interface traps in thin gate MOSFET's

A simple charge pumping method has been developed to measure the localized hot-carrier damage in scaled thin-gate MOSFET's. Lateral distributions of both interface traps and oxide charge can be derived directly from experimental charge pumping results without numerical simulation. By the use of this method, we have studied the erase-induced hot-carrier damage in flash EPROM devices, including the lateral distributions of both oxide charge (trapped holes) and interface traps. We discovered the following: the damage is confined within the source diffusion region with a rather wide distribution; the erase-induced oxide charge density is orders of magnitude more than erase-induced interface traps; both the peak density and width of the damage depend strongly on the junction bias during the erase operation. These results should be very useful for the reliability modeling and future device design of flash EPROM's.
Persistent left superior vena cava.

Abstract On the basis of our cases as well as the data in the literature we can conclude that discovery of a left superior vena cava during cardiac catheterization or angiocardiography is of great importance both from the clinical and surgical standpoint. It is clinically important because it indicates the probable association with other congenital anomalies and especially with a left-to-right shunt at the atrial level, and surgically important because it indicates, prior to operation, certain technical procedures which will be necessary to prevent disastrous complications at time of cardiac surgery.
Enabling effective human-robot interaction using perspective-taking in robots

We propose that an important aspect of human-robot interaction is perspective-taking. We show how perspective-taking occurs in a naturalistic environment (astronauts working on a collaborative project) and present a cognitive architecture for performing perspective-taking called Polyscheme. Finally, we show a fully integrated system that instantiates our theoretical framework within a working robot system. Our system successfully solves a series of perspective-taking problems and uses the same frames of references that astronauts do to facilitate collaborative problem solving with a person.
Priority Assignment for Real-Time Flows in WirelessHART Networks

WirelessHART is a new wireless sensor-actuator network standard specifically developed for process industries. A key challenge faced by WirelessHART networks is to meet the stringent real-time communication requirements imposed by process monitoring and control applications. Fixed-priority scheduling, a popular scheduling policy for real-time networks, has recently been shown to be an effective real-time transmission scheduling policy in WirelessHART networks. Priority assignment has a major impact on the schedulability of real-time flows in these networks. This paper investigates the open problem of priority assignment for periodic real-time flows in a WirelessHART network. We first propose an optimal priority assignment algorithm based on local search for any given worst case delay analysis. We then propose an efficient heuristic search algorithm for priority assignment. We also identify special cases where the heuristic search is optimal. Simulations based on random networks and the real topology of a physical sensor network test bed showed that the heuristic search algorithm achieved near optimal performance in terms of schedulability, while significantly outperforming traditional priority assignment policies for real-time systems.
Common Ground: The Need for a Universal Mortgage Identifier

The U.S. mortgage finance system is a critical part of our nation’s financial system, representing 70 percent of U.S. household liabilities. It is also highly complex, with many finance channels, participants, and regulators. The data produced by this system reflect that complexity; unfortunately, no single identifier exists to link the major loan‐level mortgage datasets. The establishment of a single, cradle‐to‐grave, universal mortgage identifier that cannot be linked to individuals using publicly‐available data would significantly benefit regulators and researchers by enabling better integration of the fragmented data produced by the U.S. mortgage finance system. Such an identifier could additionally serve as the foundation of a system that could benefit private market participants, as long as such a system protected individual privacy.
Governing Structures in Economic Integration: The Single-State Option and the Case of Russia

Bringing together two branches of New Institutional Economics (principal-agent theory and Williamson's hierarchies), along with the empires literature, I argue that regional economic integration can occur through a variety of governance structures: intergovernmental, supranational, and single-state. The integration literature has focused on the first two (Mattli, Moravcsik, among many others) but has ignored the third option. This paper first demonstrates the types of integration, focusing on depth and the decision-maker as the primary differentiating characteristics, and then briefly notes some single-state structures, including Prussia's Zollverein and Vereinsthaler, the South African Customs Union (until 2002), and Ecuador's dollarization. Extant analyses have lumped these together with supranational structures, ignoring the differing logic that drives each type of relationship. The paper then analyzes Russia's approach to regional integration. Russia originally pursued a supranational structure in the form of the CIS. Within a few years, however, it abandoned this effort, moving to a single-state structure with itself as the head of hierarchical arrangements that include a monetary union, a free trade area, a customs union, and ultimately an economic union called the Eurasian Economic Community. Russia's choice was driven first by Yeltsin's commitment to Western institutions. When the economy crashed and the West failed to produce large grants, the Russian people and their rulers lost interest in the Western focus, opting for a Eurasian focus. Under this new approach, Russia's dominance of the region was encouraged and then applauded, demonstrating the state's superpower position. Yeltin's and then Putin's choice of a single-state governing structure logically fits with this domestic demand to demonstrate dominance. In addition, Putin's authoritarian style is consistent with this governing structure, suggesting that other authoritarian regimes, most notably China, may well pursue a single-state structure in regional integration.
Correlation of Versican Expression, Accumulation, and Degradation during Embryonic Development by Quantitative Immunohistochemistry

Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is important in embryonic development, and disruption of the versican gene is embryonically lethal in the mouse. Although several studies show that versican is increased in various organs during development, a focused quantitative study on versican expression and distribution during lung and central nervous system development in the mouse has not previously been performed. We tracked changes in versican (Vcan) gene expression and in the accumulation and degradation of versican. Vcan expression and quantitative immunohistochemistry performed from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E15.5 showed peak Vcan expression at E13.5 in the lungs and brain. Quantitative mRNA analysis and versican immunohistochemistry showed differences in the expression of the versican isoforms in the embryonic lung and head. The expression of Vcan mRNA and accumulation of versican in tissues was complementary. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-localization of versican accumulation and degradation, suggesting distinct roles of versican deposition and degradation in embryogenesis. Very little versican mRNA or protein was found in the lungs of 12- to 16-week-old mice but versican accumulation was significantly increased in mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. These data suggest that versican plays an important role in fundamental, overlapping cellular processes in lung development and infection.
Carbon-carbon bond formation from azaallyl and imine couplings about metal-metal bonds.

Typical C–C bond-forming processes feature oxidative addition, insertion, and reductive elimination reactions. An alternative strategy toward C–C bond formation involves the generation of transient...
Presolar Graphitic Carbon Spherules: Rocks from Stars

Graphitic carbon spherules found in primitive meteorites have large carbon isotope anomalies, indicating that they are carbonaceous stardust (also known as presolar grains) expelled from dying stars prior to the formation of the Sun. Presolar spherules show varying degrees of graphitization, ranging from poorly graphitic, turbostratic layers in low-density spherules to well-crystallized graphitic outer shells in high-density ones, and some spherules also contain a polycrystalline phase in their core. Within the spherules, grains of other refractory phases (including carbides and metals) are common, and these assemblages can be studied as one would study a rock. The isotopic and microstructural information available from these presolar graphitic assemblages gives insights into nucleosynthesis and grain condensation in late-stage carbon-rich stars.
Age of entitlement: How does physician assistant education change to accommodate the generation Y student?

INTRODUCTION A retired dean and academic vice president of 15 years, who had previously taught graduate students, decided to return to academia in 2006. Kenneth Stewart began teaching undergraduate psychology courses and rapidly realized that the students he was teaching were very different from the students he had taught 20 years ago. The current students seemed less prepared and less motivated, frequently challenged instructor decisions about deadlines, and seemed to hold the instructor more accountable for their learning than themselves. In the classroom, the students displayed a short attention span, decreased mental endurance, and less of an ability to understand the feelings of others.1 Interested in what was causing the change in the students, the professor administered the California Psychological Inventory, Revised, to his students. This is a self-reported personality inventory of 434 true/false questions used to self-describe the behavior of individuals. He then compared the results of the students from 1987 to those of his current class of 20 students, ranging in age from 21–24 years old.1 In the inventory, the current students described themselves as possessing lower levels of perseverance, self-sufficiency, selfcontrol, personal awareness of others, and ambition than the previous generations of students. In addition, the students admitted to possessing weak study habits, were insistent in having things go their way, were easily irritable, and were more disrespectful of rules.1 Stewart later realized that his students were irritated because he did not provide the amount of feedback and approval that the students felt they were entitled to receive.1 (However, he also discovered that many students would return and thank him for challenging them and having expectations that other instructors did not have.) Two thoughts come to mind when reading the above paragraphs and relating them to current physician assistant (PA) education. One is that the scenario generally describes many current first-year PA students nationally. Two, how can these students — who possess few qualities of a practicing PA (perseverance, self-sufficiency, and personal awareness of others) — be transformed into good practicing PAs? This generation — variously known as Generation Y, Millennial Generation, Net Generation, Echo-Boomers, Google Generation, or the Nexters — encompasses approximately 90 million individuals born approximately between 1980–2001.2,3 This generation has been defined by shifts in parenting styles as well as by such issues as globalization, 9/11, and governmental mistruths.4
Computer-assisted work station timing analysis of instrument labor efficiency.

Labor use ratings assigned to instruments by the Workload Recording Method (WRM) do not change with batch size or walkaway time use. The authors evaluated the effect of both on the labor use of the analyzers Paramax B6100® (Baxter Paramax, Irvine, CA) and Ektachem 700® (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY) by timing all worked and walk-away intervals on both instruments. Extrapolation of the data to a workload of slightly more than 1.1 million tests showed that reapportionment of tests to various batch sizes caused Paramax-Ektachem labor cost differences to fluctuate between $37,254 and $34,995. When the minimum usable walk-away interval length was varied from 1 to 20 minutes, Ektachem savings over Paramax increased from $8,700 to $61,400. The WRM predicted a constant $29,050 labor cost advantage for Ektachem over Paramax. If other instruments show similar labor use characteristics with respect to batch size and walk-away utility, laboratory managers who do not consider these factors may fail to select the most cost-effective instruments for their laboratories.
Pliocene Pronghorns of Florida

Two genera and species of Antilocaprinae occur in Hemphillian (middle Pliocene) deposits of Florida. Hexameryx simpsoni White bore three widely divergent horns above each orbit. The middle horn is more anteriorly directed in larger-horned individuals. This distinction, previously used to separate H. elmorei from H. simpsoni , is attributed to sexual dimorphism, and the two species are synonymized. Antilocapra ( Subantilocapra ) garciae , new subgenus and species, represents the ancestry of the Recent American pronghorn. It has a tall-based, laterally compressed horn core with a weak anterior as well as a strong posterior prong. The bifurcation of the horny sheath in Recent male pronghorns is thus a relict of an earlier bony bifurcation.
Pharmacokinetics of human and recombinant leukocyte interferon in patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing hemodialysis.

L'insuffisance renale chronique et l'hemodialyse ne modifient pas significativement la pharmacocinetique de l'interferon leucocytaire exogene a faible dose. Des modifications de la posologie sembleraient inutiles pour les malades avec une insuffisance renale chronique, qu'ils soient ou non soumis a l'hemodialyse
Relationship between autonomy and integrity in medical ethics

The emergence of autonomy as a sociopolitical, legal, and moral concept has had a profoundly influenced medical ethics. It has shifted the center of decision-making from the physician to the patient and reoriented the physician-patient relationship so that it is more open and frank, and more respectful of the dignity of the person of the patient. In general, the ascendance of autonomy has protected patients against the grosser violations of their autonomy and integrity, so widely accepted as ethically permissible in the past. However, the ethical principle of autonomy is not sufficient to guarantee the nuances, the subtleties, and the full meanings of respect for persons in medical transactions. As a foundation for medical relationships, the concept of integrity is richer, more fundamental, and more closely tied to what it is to be a whole human person--corporeally, psychologically, and axiologically. The moral implications of integrity are more demanding albeit more difficult to capture in legal language or in the procedures of informed consent. Yet, for the reasons outlined in this paper, we should deepen our grasp of the notion that autonomy depends upon preserving the integrity of persons--and that both depend on the physician being a person of integrity.
Time and cost comparison of four methods of filling drug manufacturers' piggyback bottles.

The times and costs required for four methods of reconstituting i.v. antibiotic doses in drug manufacturers' piggyback bottles (DMPBs) were compared. Instafil filling devices were used with (1) a pressure cuff (Instafil Instafusor) for the diluent bag, (2) a peristaltic pump (Wheaton Unispense), and (3) a vacuum line. The fourth method used a vacuum line and a control handle (Vacu-fil, American McGaw). Batches of 20 bottles filled to 50 mL and 20 bottles filled to 100 mL (three trials each) and 60 bottles filled to 100 mL (two trials) were prepared by each of the four methods. The Instafil with vacuum line was significantly faster than the other methods used to fill batches of 20 DMPBs with 50 mL and 100 mL of diluent. It was also significantly faster than the Vacu-fil and the Instafil with the cuff for filling batches of 60 DMPBs with 100 mL of diluent. For batches of 60 DMPBs, the fill times for the Instafil with vacuum line and the Instafil with the peristaltic pump were not significantly different. For the batches of 20 50-mL DMPBs, overall cost per dose for the Instafil with vacuum line was $0.36, followed by Instafil with the pump ($0.37), Instafil with cuff ($0.38), and Vacu-fil ($0.54). Other batch sizes and fill volumes ranked similarly. Of the methods tested, the Instafil device with a vacuum line was the most efficient and cost-effective for preparing batches of 20 to 60 i.v. antibiotic doses in manufacturers' piggyback bottles.
Nitrate Inhibition of Nodulation among Soybean Cultivar X Rhizobium Strain Combinations

Studies were conducted in the CERES phytotron to determine the effect of external NO3- concentration and rate of NO3- uptake on nodulation of various soybean cultivar x Rhizobium strain combinations. Pre-germinated seedlings were transplanted on day 7 to inoculated nutrient solutions containing NO3- levels of 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mM (resupplied daily to initial levels) and 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM (allowed to deplete with plant growth). Nodulation was observed, pH was adjusted, and nitrate uptake was monitored daily over the subsequent 14-day growth period. Plants were then harvested for measurement of nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity of nodulated roots.
Heterogeneous Nucleation of the Martensite Transformation

Experiments on powders of an Fe-Ni alloy have shown that the martensite trans-formation appears to start on heterogeneous nucleation sites. The nature of these sites is hypothesized and a mechanism for burst phenomenon in Fe-Ni alloys is set forth qualitatively on the basis of these heterogeneous nucleation sites.
Emotional Labor and the Work of School Psychologists

As the field of school psychology faces critical shortages, investigations of work factors affecting job satisfaction and burnout are of increasing importance. One such factor is emotional labor, which is defined as the work of managing one’s emotions and emotional expressions so as to align to the expectations of the job or profession. In this study, practitioners (N = 192) were surveyed regarding their work experiences, recognition of display rules (standards that guide employees’ emotional expression), surface acting (the form of emotional labor in which employees manage their external emotional expression), job satisfaction, and burnout (consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment). Multiple regression analyses showed that display rule recognition was positively related to surface acting, and surface acting was positively related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization while negatively related to job satisfaction and personal accomplishment. Results suggest that emotional labor may be an important aspect of the work of school psychologists—impacting both job satisfaction and burnout. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
In Vitro Antimyeloma Effects of Inhibitors of the Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) Molecular Chaperone.

Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, primarily due to drug resistance; recent research indicates that Hsp70 induction may accompany this process. Cytoplasmic Hsp70 is upregulated in MM, particularly after proteasome or Hsp90 inhibition. Hsp70 homolog in the ER helps fold immunoglobulins whose overexpression and misassembly trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). We thus explored the antimyeloma effects of MAL3-101, a recently developed Hsp70 inhibitor on MM cell lines, primary MM cells, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a key MM microenvironment component; we also determined its synergy with proteasome and Hsp90 inhibition. Methods: MM cells (NCI-H929, RPMI-8266, and U266) were treated with MAL3–101, proteasome inhibitor MG-132, or Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG, alone and in combination. MTS assay and Annexin V-PI were used to detect survival and apoptosis, respectively. Primary MM cells and EPCs were outgrown from bone marrows of untreated patients. Synergistic effects were determined by Chou-Talalay combination index (CI). Results: Dose-effect and time course studies showed that MAL3–101 was most effective in NCI-H929 cells and induced maximum cytotoxicity at 40h (IC50 of 8.3μM). In contrast, MAL3–51, a less potent Hsp70 modulator, was less effective, suggesting that MAL3–101's effects are due to Hsp70 inhibition. Next, MAL3–101 or MG-132 were added alone or combined at 0.01–20μM. MG-132 decreased NCI-H929 cell survival (IC50 of 1.7μM); at 0.01–0.10 μM, both drugs were ineffective alone, whereas combined, a >60% decrease in survival resulted with CIs ≤0.01. Synergy was also observed in primary MM cells, reducing survival by 75±10%, and in EPCs by 60±16%. Induction of Hsp70 may provide a means of resisting apoptosis induced by Hsp90 inhibition. We thus exposed NCI-H929 cells to MAL3–101 with 17-AAG (0.025–10μM) for 40h. IC50 for 17-AAG decreased from 0.4μM to 0.3 and 0.03μM in the presence of either 5 or 10μM of MAL3–101, respectively, with CIs Conclusions: These results show for the first time that Hsp70 inhibition may provide a viable means of enhancing the antimyeloma effects of both established (i.e., proteasome inhibition) and experimental (i.e., Hsp90 inhibition) MM treatments. MAL3–101, a recently described Hsp70 modulator effective in killing breast cancer cells, sensitizes MM cells to proteasome and Hsp90 inhibition. These data also suggest that the previously reported upregulation of Hsp70 in MM cells is required to promote the growth and survival of MM tumors and its microvasculature. Finally, because Hsp upregulation may occur in response to the apoptotic effects of other MM-modulators, such as HDAC and tubulin inhibitors, we suggest that Hsp70 inhibition might provide a means to overcome drug resistance in MM.
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide: A Novel Endocrine Cardioprotective "Conditioning Mimetic"

An as-yet limited body of evidence suggests that calcium-regulating endocrine hormones-in particular, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-may have unappreciated cardioprotective effects. The current review focuses on the concept that PTHrP may, via modulation of classic cardioprotective signaling pathways, provide a novel strategy to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Creating a Virtuous Circle of Student Engagement with the Tech Corner

ABSTRACTWhile many academic libraries have followed the public library lead in developing makerspaces, not all libraries have the money or space to dedicate to such large-scale operations. This case study explores a different approach to engaging users with new technology and investigates how to support their creativity without a costly investment in space and staffing. It demonstrates not only how students can be provided a virtual space to explore technology equipment, but also how their opinions can be leveraged for growing the collection and creating training materials.
Behavioral Perspectives on Central Bank Communication for Financial Stability

Analyzing central bank communication during financial crises, we draw on a surprisingly informative parallel between management of natural disasters such as earthquakes on one hand, and the corresponding communication infrastructure and social interaction during financial turmoil, on the other. The role of social and emotional behavior thereof points to the importance of interpersonal communication for the dissemination of central bank information in a turbulent context. Overall, our research results inform central banks' attempts to coordinate the desideration of monetary policy, prudential supervision and financial stability in a framework that takes into account social and psychological challenges in the financial markets and the society.
The Forbidden 11Bu- Excited Singlet State in Peridinin and Peridinin Analogues.

Theoretical studies have predicted the presence of a forbidden 11Bu– state in proximity to the strongly allowed 11Bu+ excited state in polyenes and carotenoids. The 11Bu– state is invariably predicted to have a very low oscillator strength, which precludes direct optical spectroscopic assignment. We report here a direct UV–vis optical spectroscopic feature assigned to the 11Bu– state of S-2-peridinin, a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring carotenoid, peridinin. The shift of the ground state dipole of S-2-peridinin compared to natural peridinin enhances the oscillator strength of absorption from the ground state to the 11Bu– state by 2 orders of magnitude relative to peridinin. It is postulated that this is due to a quadrupolar electrostatic field generated from the more central location of the lactone ring along the polyene chain in S-2-peridinin. MNDO-PSDCI and EOM-CCSD calculations provide a theoretical basis for this assignment and explain the unique properties of the 11Bu– state and why the ...
Abstract TP11: Beyond Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes: Distal Occlusion Thrombectomy

Introduction: Endovascular therapy is the standard of care for the treatment of proximal large vessel occlusion strokes (LVOS). Its safety and efficacy in the treatment of distal intracranial occlu...
Role of Intelligence Inputs in Defending Against Cyber Warfare and Cyberterrorism

This article examines the role of espionage in defending against cyber attacks on infrastructural firms. We analyze the problem using a game between a government, an infrastructural firm, and an attacker. If the attacker successfully breaches the IT security defenses of the infrastructural firm, primary losses accrue to that firm, while widespread collateral losses accrue to the rest of the economy. The government assists the infrastructural firm by providing intelligence inputs about an impending attack. We find that subject to some conditions, expenditure on intelligence adds value only when its amount exceeds a threshold level. Also, the nature of the equilibrium depends on the level of government expenditure in intelligence. We find that the optimal level of intelligence expenditure can change in seemingly unexpected ways in response to a shift in parameters. For example, reduced vulnerability of the infrastructural firm does not necessarily imply a reduction in intelligence-gathering effort. We also ...
Principal Support of Media Specialist and Teacher Collaboration: A Research Study

This descriptive research study examined principal support of collaboration in Georgia schools designated as having exemplary library media programs from the perspective of media specialists, classroom teachers and principals. A pilot study generated a survey instrument to be used for the exemplary school media program study. The literature on collaboration is well covered; however, literature about the principal’s influence on collaboration is becoming an issue of concern. The purpose of this study established principal support of collaboration between media specialists and classroom teachers in Georgia schools with exemplary library media programs. Twelve schools, designated as meeting this criteria, received questionnaires mailed to media specialists, classroom teachers and principals. The hypothesis of the study explored schools with exemplary media programs and principals who support collaboration between media specialists and classroom teachers. The findings for the study supported the hypothesis. Based on the conclusions of the study, principals need to identify improvements to be made in their support of collaboration.
Slow Potential Correlates of Predictive Behaviour During a Complex Learning Task

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses readiness potential (RP), Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), and P300 components of the evoked response in a complex probability learning task. The chapter presents an experiment that was designed to test the hypothesis that the CNV varied directly with the expected probability of event occurrence and that the P300 varies inversely with the expected probability of event occurrence. Nine adult Ss predicted which of four possible stimuli would occur next in a first-order Markov-structured sequence. In each trial, one stimulus had a high probability of occurrence, while other stimuli had equal low probabilities. Learning was measured as the proportion of astute predictions made per unit time. Response latency was consistently shorter for Class 1 than Class 2 predictions until the final phase of the experiment at which time they were predicted with equal facility.
Correlations of Temperature Sensation and Neural Activity: A Second Approximation

Some 12 years have passed since our first attempt to relate changes in thermal sensations to changes in neural activity (Kenshalo 1976), and this is a timely opportunity to consider the progress that has been made since that first report. This particular relationship is but a part of a more general correlation between sensory and physical events, or in Herbert Hensel’s terminology, between phenophysics (psychophysics) and phenophysiology (psychophysiology) (Hensel 1982; Hensel and Koneitzny 1979).
Psychometric Analyses of the Motivation to Prepare Healthy Foods Questionnaire Used With Adult College Students.

Abstract Objective To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure adult college students’ motivation to prepare healthy foods based on the psychosocial needs identified by Self-determination Theory. Design This study used a cross-sectional design. Setting A major southeastern public university. Subjects A total of 1,027 free-living adults, aged 18–30 years, were recruited. Data from 997 were analyzed. Variables Measured The 5 constructs of Self-determination Theory were validated. Analysis Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and respecification analysis were performed. Results The exploratory factor analysis returned 5 factors with acceptable internal structure. Cronbach α values were .94 for perceived competence, .85 for autonomy support, .87 for intrinsic motivation, .78 for relatedness, and .77 for autonomy. Test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.66–0.79. Confirmatory factor and respecification analyses revealed that the 5-factor structure was an appropriate fit for the data. Conclusions and Implications More research is needed to test the questionnaire's use in a culinary classroom setting to reaffirm these findings. Future research includes testing the instrument's convergent and discriminant validity, performing differential analyses to generalize its use in a wider adult population, and using it to assess change in motivation as a result of participating in a classroom-based culinary skills-building intervention. Additional confirmatory studies are needed to determine whether using nutrition and kinesiology students in the current study affected construct validity.
Governance in Professional Journalism

So far, I have focused on the psychological features of moral conduct – most analyses have regarded “internal” factors like autonomy and moral psychology that can be affected through education, training, and experiences in the right moral environments. However, formal regulation, both within news organizations and from external auditors, stand to complement the internal, psychological moral components in part by reinforcing them – e.g. in terms of creating moral environments in which “good” journalists thrive – and in part by adding external prescriptive components – more of a policing approach to the enforcement of ideals, rules and laws.
Integration of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Identify Gene-Metabolite Relationships Specific to Phenotype.

Metabolomics plays an increasingly large role in translational research, with metabolomics data being generated in large cohorts, alongside other omics data such as gene expression. With this in mind, we provide a review of current approaches that integrate metabolomic and transcriptomic data. Furthermore, we provide a detailed framework for integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data using a two-step approach: (1) numerical integration of gene and metabolite levels to identify phenotype (e.g., cancer)-specific gene-metabolite relationships using IntLIM and (2) knowledge-based integration, using pathway overrepresentation analysis through RaMP, a comprehensive database of biological pathways. Each step makes use of publicly available R packages ( https://github.com/mathelab/IntLIM and https://github.com/mathelab/RaMP-DB ), and provides a user-friendly web interface for analysis. These interfaces can be run locally through the package or can be accessed through our servers ( https://intlim.bmi.osumc.edu and https://ramp-db.bmi.osumc.edu ). The goal of this chapter is to provide step-by-step instructions on how to install the software and use the commands within the R framework, without the user interface (which is slower than running the commands through command line). Both packages are in continuous development so please refer to the GitHub sites to check for updates.
A Nonparametric Procedure for Exploring Differences in Rating Quality across Test-Taker Subgroups in Rater-Mediated Writing Assessments.

Differences in rater judgments that are systematically related to construct-irrelevant characteristics threaten the fairness of rater-mediated writing assessments. Accordingly, it is essential that...
Dynamic Phase Modulation Induced Nonreciprocity of Optical Metasurfaces

By exploiting both spatial and temporal phase modulation, we experimentally demonstrate an ultrathin nonlinear metasurface with broken reciprocity at wavelengths around 860 nm. Our approach paves a way for miniaturized on-chip nonreciprocal optical components. © 2019 The Author(s)