cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erroneous electrocardiogram recordings because of switched electrode leads.

Most electrocardiogram (ECG) recording errors caused by misplaced electrodes are either because of the technician placing the electrode on the wrong extremity or to mismeasuring the position for the chest leads. However, transposing the leads in the acquisition module can produce similar results. The Heart Station at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, provides ECG analyses for a number of remote outpatient clinics. Each of these clinics uses a GE Medical Systems Mac 5000 electrocardiographic instrument (GE Medical Systems Information Technologies, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with the ability to transmit the ECG for computer analysis. Because the number of ECGs recorded in each clinic per day is small, either 1 to 2 technicians per clinic are responsible, among other duties, for all ECG recordings. Periodic training and evaluation of competency are carried out. In spite of this quality oversight, the percentage of recording errors because of misplaced electrodes is several fold greater than in the ECGs recorded by the heart station technicians at the medical center. Recently, significant sequential ECG recording errors were detected from 2 of these clinics because of misplaced leads in the acquisition module. In the first situation, 5 ECGs in a row were recorded in which the left arm and left leg leads had been switched. The cause of this problem was not immediately apparent to the overreading cardiologist, but the technicians were notified and asked to be certain to place the electrodes on the correct extremity. The next day, a similar situation occurred. At this juncture, the technicians were instructed to examine the acquisition module. They found that the left arm and the left leg leads had been transposed. The second similar problem resulted in several sequential abnormal recordings in which the amplitude of the R wave in V6 was markedly less than in V5 (Fig. 1 Panel A). In addition, when compared to previously recorded ECGs,
Optimal PMU placement evaluation for power system dynamic state estimation

The synchronized phasor measurement unit (PMU), developed in the 1980s, is considered to be one of the most important devices in the future of power systems. The recent development of PMU technology provides high-speed, precisely synchronized sensor data, which has been found to be useful for dynamic state estimation of the power grid. While PMU measurements currently cover fewer than 1% of the nodes in the U.S. power grid, the power industry has gained the momentum to advance the technology and install more units. However, with limited resources, the installation must be selective. Previous PMU placement research has focused primarily on network topology, with the goal of finding configurations that achieve full network observability with a minimum number of PMUs. Recently we introduced an approach that utilizes stochastic models of the signals and measurements, to characterize the observability and corresponding uncertainty of power system static states (bus voltage magnitudes and phase angles), for any given configuration of PMUs. Here we present a new approach to designing optimal PMU placement according to estimation uncertainties of the dynamic states. We hope the approach can provide planning engineers with a new tool to help in choosing between PMU placement alternatives.
Platelet precursors display bipolar behavior

In this issue, Thon et al. (2010. J. Cell Biol. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201006102) demonstrate that newly released platelets exhibit bipolar behavior, shifting back and forth between round cells and multibodied proplatelets (Thon et al., 2010). The authors define this intermediate as a preplatelet and, in doing so, shed new insight into the terminal steps of platelet maturation.
Supporting Postsecondary Education Programs for Individuals With an Intellectual Disability Role of the Vocational Rehabilitation Counselor

As postsecondary education (PSE) programs for individuals with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) emerge across the country, it is crucial that these programs involve adult agency p...
Accounting for incomplete detection: What are we estimating and how might it affect long-term passerine monitoring programs?

Abstract A primary objective of ecological monitoring programs typically includes the efficient detection of population trends. Passerines as a group are important ecological indicators and are often included in such programs to provide information on multiple species with a single survey technique. However, commonly used field and analytical approaches may not provide appropriate inference or sensitivity due to assumption violations and differences in the proportion of the population exposed to sampling. Recent methodological developments utilizing repeated point counts and an N-mixture modeling approach for analysis may produce more consistent and interpretable estimates applicable to the superpopulation of individuals using a site during the breeding season. These estimates should be more useful for monitoring because they are not conditioned on presence or availability as are most single-visit approaches. We used repeated count data collected in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska (Denali) between 1995 and 2009 from 12 common passerine species to assess variation in presence and availability throughout the season, estimate trends in superpopulation abundance, and provide recommendations for the design of future monitoring programs. We found that variation in detection due to presence and availability was large and differed among species. After accounting for these sources of variation, we estimated abundance of Wilson’s warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) had declined by approximately 48% and fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca) abundance had increased by approximately 250% over 15 years. Combined, our results suggest that if trend estimation is a priority, passerine monitoring programs should formally address all components of the detection process, including the probabilities of presence and availability.
AN AUTOMATED PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (BODANSKY) IN SERUM.

Abstract An automated modification of the Bodansky method for alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus in serum is presented. The tests can be performed at a rate of 40 tests/hour. Statistical evaluation showed that the methods are accurate and reproducible. Highest activity was obtained if a substrate adjusted to pH 9.60 (at 27°) or 9.40 (at 38°) was used. The resultant pH of buffered substrate and serum is between 9.00 and 9.10 (at 27°) and between pH 8.80 and 8.90 (at 38°). The normal values were found to be 1.3–4.0 units (7.0–21.5 International units) with a mean of 2.5 ± 0.59 S.D. An alternative procedure is listed which has an increased sensitivity and which eliminates contamination by specimens high in alkaline phosphatase activity but which can be run only at a speed of 20 tests/hour.
10 Cd for compositional analysis of soft tissue

Abstract Lipid and lipid-free tissue ratios have been accurately determined using dual beam X-ray absorptiometry, with 109 Cd as the source of radiation. Its Ag K α doublet (22.162 and 21.988 keV) and the 87.7 keV γ provide greater sensitivity for detection of tissue components (by a factor of 2.6) than 125 I and 241 Am. Beam monochromaticity, essential for differential absorptiometry, is simply achieved with Pd filtering. Body composition ratios were measured with 109 Cd on in vitro animal tissue samples to an accuracy of 2 per cent.
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Is Induced in the Adult Liver during Endotoxemia and Stimulates the Hepatic Acute Phase Response

Previously, we reported that PTH-related protein (PTHrP) gene expression is induced in vital organs, including the liver, during endotoxemia. The liver plays a central role in the acute phase response (APR), a cytokine-mediated host defense against infection and inflammation that includes increased production of acute phase proteins and lipids by hepatocytes. Because PTHrP is thought to act locally at its site of production, in vivo studies were carried out to determine whether PTHrP could contribute to the induction of the hepatic APR. Hepatic PTHrP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were induced acutely in rat liver in response to a near lethal dose of endotoxin. PTHrP protein, which was located by immunohistochemical staining in hepatocytes from both control and LPS-treated rats, was markedly induced in periportal hepatocytes in response to LPS treatment. Co-incident with this transient increase in PTHrP gene expression, PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA levels were down-regulated. Administration of PTHrP(1–34), a PTH/...
Pre-diabetes as a contributor to stroke

Abstract Ligand binding sites in proteins are often localized to deeply buried cavities, inaccessible to bulk solvent. Yet, in many cases binding of cognate ligands occurs rapidly. An intriguing system is presented by the L99A cavity mutant of T4 Lysozyme (L99A T4L) that rapidly binds benzene (~106 M−1 s−1). Although the protein has long served as a model system for protein thermodynamics and crystal structures of both free and benzene-bound L99A T4L are available, the kinetic pathways by which benzene reaches its solvent-inaccessible binding cavity remain elusive. The current work, using extensive molecular dynamics simulation, achieves this by capturing the complete process of spontaneous recognition of benzene by L99A T4L at atomistic resolution. A series of multi-microsecond unbiased molecular dynamics simulation trajectories unequivocally reveal how benzene, starting in bulk solvent, diffuses to the protein and spontaneously reaches the solvent inaccessible cavity of L99A T4L. The simulated and high-resolution X-ray derived bound structures are in excellent agreement. A robust four-state Markov model, developed using cumulative 60 µs trajectories, identifies and quantifies multiple ligand binding pathways with low activation barriers. Interestingly, none of these identified binding pathways required large conformational changes for ligand access to the buried cavity. Rather, these involve transient but crucial opening of a channel to the cavity via subtle displacements in the positions of key helices (helix4/helix6, helix7/helix9) leading to rapid binding. Free energy simulations further elucidate that these channel-opening events would have been unfavorable in otherwise ligand-inactive wild type T4L. Taken together, by integrating experiments, these simulations provide unprecedented mechanistic insights into complete ligand recognition process in a buried cavity. By illustrating the power of subtle helix movements in opening up multiple pathways for ligand access, this work offers an alternate view of ligand recognition mechanism in a solvent-inaccessible cavity, contrary to common perception of single dominant pathway for ligand binding.
Conditioning of fine motor control in neonatally undernourished rats

Abstract The literature indicates that the effects of developmental undernutrition on the rat nervous system are disproportionally found in the cerebellum, an organ involved in motor coordination and control. In this experiment, rats who had been developmentally undernourished did not show increased variability of forces placed on a bar by the paw in an operant learning paradigm, indicating normal motor control function. However, deficits were obtained when reinforcement was made contingent on bar press force regulation. Experimental rats shifted bar pressing forces to meet criterion more slowly than controls and received fewer reinforcements over training trials. The data are discussed in terms of recent suggestions that the cerebellum is directly involved in motor learning processes.
Information catalysis and intrinsically disordered proteins in large complexes

Abstract Background: Recent studies indicate that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) do not preferentially bind to chaperones in vivo, suggesting that their role is to either prevent pathological
On similarity solutions of Boussinesq-type equations

Abstract Employing MACSYMA, a symbol manipulating language, similarity transformations of Boussinesq-type equations are constructed. Examples of transformations not attainable via the Lie method are also shown.
Reference values for respiratory events in overnight polygraphy from infants aged 1 and 3months.

Abstract Objective We aimed to determine reference values for respiratory indices in polygraphies (PGs) performed in infants aged 1 and 3months. Methods Healthy full-term neonates were recruited on the maternity ward. They were followed up by overnight PG at the age of 1month and again at the age of 3months. Indices of respiratory events, such as apneas, hypopneas, and percentage of periodic breathing were determined in each PG. Interpretation of PGs was performed blinded to the subject's data and the time of measurement. PG indices at 1 and 3months of age were compared. Results PG recordings were obtained for 37 healthy infants (22 boys). At the age of 1month, the median (minimum–maximum) central, obstructive, and mixed apnea index was 5.5 (0.9–44.3), 0.8 (0.1–6.7), and 0.3 (0–1.2), respectively. The same figures at the age of 3months were 4.1 (1.2–27.3), 0.8 (0–2.3), and 0.1 (0–0.8), respectively. Mixed obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (MOAHI) was 1.5 (0.2–7.0) and 0.9 (0.2–4.4) at the first and second measurements, respectively ( P =.017). Only 1.2% of central apneas lasted longer than 20s. Periodic breathing was present in more than 90% of subjects studied. Conclusions The infants in our study aged ⩽3months had respiratory event indices that were different from older children or adults. MOAHI showed a significant decrease during the first 3months after birth. We recommend that scoring of PG in infants of 3months or younger should consider age-specific reference values.
A Feminist Perspective

Clinical theory, practice, and research continue to be enriched by the new findings and challenges of contempo rary feminists. This research review explores recent contri butions, as well as an older one, to the feminist relational approach. Adolescent girls' and women's psychological development, gender differences in mixed-sex couple rela tionships, and research applications with the relational approach are considered.
Effects of milking procedure on rat milk composition.

Abstract The effects of serial milking on the zinc concentration of rat milk and in liver of the suckling young are reported. With consecutive milkings at 7, 14, and 21 days of lactation, the zinc content of rat milk on Day 21 was almost three times as high as that found in rats milked only once (on Day 21). This effect was also reflected in the sucklings; liver zinc concentrations found in pups from serially milked dams were twice those found in pups from dams not milked serially. The results show that serial milking cannot be used if the objective is the procurement of physiologically “normal” rat milk.
Gauge Noninvariance and Parity Nonconservation of Three-Dimensional Fermions

The effective gauge field action due to an odd number of fermion species in three-dimensional $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ gauge theories is shown to change by $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\pi}|n|$ under a homotopically nontrivial gauge transformation with winding number $n$. Gauge invariance can be restored by use of Pauli-Villars regularization, which, however, introduces parity nonconservation in the form of a parity-nonconserving, topological term in the effective action.
Finite Series Representation of the Inverse Mittag-Leffler Function

The inverse Mittag-Leffler function is valuable in determining the value of the argument of a Mittag-Leffler function given the value of the function and it is not an easy problem. A finite series representation of the inverse Mittag-Leffler function has been found for a range of the parameters and ; specifically, for and for . This finite series representation of the inverse Mittag-Leffler function greatly expedites its evaluation and has been illustrated with a number of examples. This represents a significant advancement in the understanding of Mittag-Leffler functions.
Influence of mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2) on blood flow to atelectatic lung.

The influence of mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2) on blood flow to the atelectatic left lung was studied at normal and reduced cardiac outputs (CO) using extracorporeal veno-venous bypass in six pentobarbital anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. Aortic and left pulmonary artery flows; airwa
DETERMINATION OF IONIZED CALCIUM IN SERUM WITH MUREXIDE.

Abstract A simple method is described for the direct measurement of the calcium ion concentration in serum by the use of murexide.
Differential Macrophage Responses in the Peripheral and Central Nervous System during Wallerian Degeneration of Axons

We characterized quantitatively the macrophage response following axonal injury in both the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammals. A monoclonal antibody (ED-1) which stains monocytes, macrophages, and activated microglia was employed. In one model, Wallerian degeneration of the sciatic nerve was studied. An increase in the number of macrophages was seen as early as 1 day following nerve transection. Macrophage number increased synchronously along the length of degenerating nerve over a 21-day period. In a second model, transection of a spinal dorsal sensory root allowed us to compare and contrast the macrophage response along the PNS and CNS portions of a single axonal pathway. An increased number of macrophages restricted to the PNS portion of this pathway was seen by 3 days and continued to increase over a 14-day period. Myelin breakdown occurred in association with an increase in the number of macrophages by 3 days in the PNS but not the CNS portion of the degenerating dorsal root axon pathway. Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor immunohistochemical staining increased by Day 1 in the PNS but not the CNS portion of this pathway, occurring prior to the invasion of macrophages. In both models, the morphology of infiltrating macrophages changed over time from small slender ramified cells to large elongated multivacuolated cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the macrophage response during Wallerian degeneration of axons in adult mammals is much more rapid and robust in the PNS, where axonal regeneration occurs, than in the CNS, where axonal regeneration is far more limited.
The function of reovirus proteins during the reovirus multiplication cycle: Analysis using monoreassortants

Abstract When cultured cells are injected with mixtures of cores of two reovirus strains, a high proportion of reassortants are monoreassortants, that is, virus particles that contain one genome segment of 1 parent and 9 genome segments of the other. We have isolated two complete sets of monoreassortants, those that contain a single serotype 2 genome segment and 9 serotype 3 genome segments, and those that contain 1 serotype 3 genome segment and 9 serotype 1 genome segments. We have used the former set of monoreassortants (because reovirus serotypes 2 and 3 are less closely related than serotypes 1 and 3) to assess the effect of all 10 genome segments, or rather of the proteins that they encode, in controlling parameters of the reovirus multiplication cycle such as yield size, extent of viral ssRNA, dsRNA and protein synthesis, plaque size, and cytopathogenicity. Among the major findings are: proteins λ2, μ1/gm1 C, and σ3 control yield size and extent of RNA and protein synthesis; proteins μ2 and σ1 control severity of cytopathic effects; and proteins σ1, μ1/μ1 C, and μ2 control plaque size. Identification of monoreassortant phenotypes is useful for identifying which viral proteins are functionally involved at the various stages of the reovirus multiplication cycle.
Diurnal Variation in Invertebrate Catch Rates by Sticky Traps: Potential for Biased Indices of Piping Plover Forage

Measuring abundance of invertebrate forage for piping plovers (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers), a federally listed species in the USA, is an important component of research and monitoring targeted toward species recovery. Sticky traps are commonly used to passively sample invertebrates, but catch rates may vary diurnally or in response to weather. We examined diurnal variation in catch rates of invertebrates using an experiment on reservoir shoreline and riverine sandbar habitats of the Upper Missouri River in 2006 and 2008. Highest catch rates of large invertebrates (>3 mm) on dry sand habitats occurred during 08:00–11:00 Central Daylight Time (CDT) on the reservoir and 08:00–14:00 CDT on the river. On wet sand habitats, catch rates were lowest during 17:00–20:00 on both the reservoir and the river. Catch rates decreased 24% for every 10 kph increase in wind. Sticky traps deployed continuously for 12 h or more had lower catch rates than four consecutive-composited 3-hour deployments, suggesting that trap effectiveness declined for >3-hour deployments. Thus, if sticky traps are used to index plover forage abundance without controlling for time of day and wind speed, data may be highly variable or estimates could be biased.
TOWARDS A REINACHIAN ONTOLOGY OF TELEVISION : A COMMENT

Although I agree with Ears Lundsten's observation that a perceptual or simple observational approach to television is misleading and inaccurate, I disagree with the implicit claim that the "presentational approach" is the only other way of understanding television. In other words, the argument, as presented, represents a false dichotomy. It is my position that television is a complex medium of communication which is presentational from the perspective of the producers of the programs, but may be interpreted in various ways by the viewers of these programs. For example, a person may simply prescind from all the intentional content which has been woven into a program in order to abstract some basic facts concerning current events. A critical viewer may thus use television as a simple extension of his or her powers of perception and deliberately resist the kinds of judgments that one is being invited to make by the producers of the program. A second approach would be to view a particular television program as a source of entertainment while ignoring the implicit social commentary which is attached to it. In which case, television is treated as something that is merely subjectively satisfying and not objectively informative. Thus, whatever message a particular program may intend to convey is simply ignored. A third approach is that of "channel surfing" in which a person uses television solely as a means of relaxation. Such a therapeutic use of television clearly does not involve the kind communicative interaction in which Reinach was interested. The danger which Lundsten points out, however - namely that of looking at television as an objective source of information upon which persons can ground valid inferences as to the significance of world events - is a very real one. What appears on television is not the original events as they happened, but these events as they have been processed by the consciousness of any number of people. Thus, what one sees is what the producers of the program have selected for you to see, and perhaps only that which they want you to see. If under these conditions, one passively follows the lines of reasoning which the program either explicitly or implicitly presents, one is involved in an inauthentic communicative act whereby one forms opinions that are not grounded directly in sense perceptions, personal experience, or intellectual insights. If these opinions are subsequently treated as justified beliefs, one has fallen into a way of personal formation that can easily be manipulated by advertisers, politicians, and, most importantly, the producers of the programs, who remain hidden behind the scenes and nearly immune from criticism. As Lundsten has pointed out, television is primarily a mode of presentation, and not simply a means of observation. My disagreement lies in the fact that I would recognize a far greater complexity to the ontological status of television than that which Lundsten has acknowledged in his paper. …
‘Teaching You in Public and from House to House’ (Acts 20.20): Unpacking a Cultural Stereotype:

Modern scholarship has difficulty interpreting Paul's claim to 'teach in public and from house to house' because it lacks scientific understanding of 'space'. The anthropological model of 'territoriality' is presented to guide our reading in terms of: (1) the classification of space, (2) communication of this and (3) control based upon it. The primary classifications of space in the New Testament world and specifically the book of Acts are: (1) public/ private, (2) male/female and (3) honorable/mean. Each of these classifications helps us to interpret Paul in public-civic space (agora, governor's residences), in private-non-kinship space (synagogue, Tyrannus's aule), and in private-household space. The payoff comes when we observe that Paul has voice in public-political forums and in private-household contexts, but not in private-non-kinship synagogues. Paul, who hails from a 'no-low status city', visits other honorable cities and speaks in their most noble parts. Thus 'territorality' serves as an index of Paul's social status, both in terms of where he goes and before whom he has voice.
Studies of ammonia loading: effects of rate of delivery and enhanced removal of NH4 on blood levels of ammonia and coma induction.

Using dose-responce curves, the dose of NH4Ac inducing coma in one-half of the animals was increased by 60 to 80% after 1 mmol of arginine. The larger increase occurred in larger rats but was not proportional to the increase in weight. Incremental subcoma doses of NH4 raised the amount of NH4 required for inducing coma and the brain level of ammonia at the point of coma. After a portacaval shunt the results were similar, although lower doses of NH4 were required from the beginning. Blood ammonias after a loading dose (1.25 mmol) of NH4 were influenced by the duration of a preinfusion of NH4 and by the preinjection of various amino acids involved in the disposal of NH4 in the urea cycle. The amount of reduction in blood ammonia by ornithine and arginine compounds was less the longer the preinfusion of NH4. Blood ammonia was not lowered by glutamate at any time but was increased with longer preinfusion periods. Hepatectomy (Hx) reduced the removal of an NH4 load. After a modest load (0.85 mmol) of NH4, blood ammonia increased 5-fold, over that of shamoperated rats, with 70% Hx and 15-fold with 90% Hx. Ornithine reduced these blood ammonias by about 50%. Arginine had no effect. These studies indicate ways of reducing toxicity of NH4 and factors that predispose to or enhance toxicity.
Interactions between T cells and synovial fibroblasts

T lymphocytes, synovial macrophages, and synovial fibroblasts are the three most abundant cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue, and each is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of joint inflammation and destruction. While interactions between T cells and macrophages and between macrophages and fibroblasts have been carefully studied, less attention has been paid to potential interactions between T lymphocytes and synovial fibroblasts. In this review we consider available data which suggests that cell–cell contact between T lymphocytes and synovial fibroblasts may lead to activation of each cell type. This interaction is likely to be significant in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
An injury severity scale for comprehensive management of central nervous system trauma

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used in central Virginia by emergency medical technicians (EMTs), emergency department personnel and neurosurgical staff to evaluate patients with central nervous system (CNS) trauma. In a series of 406 patients admitted to the neurosurgical services at the University of Virginia Hospital between October 1977 and February 1978, a GCS score was recorded by the neurosurgeon, nurse, and EMT. All 250 data points, including clinical diagnosis and incidence of associated injuries were entered into our information system analysis. The scale can be easily mastered by all members of the emergency medical team giving reproducible results. It also appears to be a valid predictor of the ultimate outcomes of head injury. The GCS has substantial clinical value in the management of the neurotrauma patient. It is presently being employed in all phases of the emergency medical system to monitor the progression of the neurologic injury. Ultimately, this injury severity scoring system will be used to standardize patient populations in well controlled clinical studies in which different treatment parameters will be assessed.
A Reevaluation of Worst-Case Postirradiation Response for Hardened MOS Transistors

The "worst-case" postirradiation response of Sandia hardened n-channel transistors following Co-60 exposure to total dose levels of system interest is demonstrated to occur for zero-volt bias during radiation, and positive bias during a subsequent anneal. This observation is explained in terms of oxide-trapped and interface-state charge buildup and anneal. Additional results are presented which suggest that, for future technologies with very thin gate oxides, worst-case device leakage during irradiation may well occur for zero-volt irradiations. These results highlight the importance of periodically reevaluating the response of MOS devices during and after irradiation to determine worst-case test conditions, particularly as technologies advance and gate insulators become thinner.
Caseworker judgments and substantiation

Substantiation can have an important effect on what interventions are pursued for children investigated for maltreatment, but researchers lack knowledge about how the decision to substantiate is ma...
The hydroxyl concentration and the dielectric properties of barium titanate nano-powder synthesized by water-based ambient condition sol process

Nanocrystalline barium titanate, BaTiO3, powders have been successfully synthesized via water-based ambient condition sol (WACS) process, using barium hydroxide and titanium isopropoxide. The properties of the powder were investigated as a function of various processing parameters such as the concentration of Ba2+ ions ([Ba2+]), the concentration of base, and reaction time. The concentration of hydroxyl (OH−) groups in the BaTiO3 powder was greatly affected by changing the values of each processing parameter. The dielectric constant and tetragonality of the powders which contain lattice OH− more than 0.35 wt% were little affected with further increase in the lattice OH− concentration. The dielectric loss was highly varied with the concentration of the OH− groups, and it was increased with increasing OH− concentration. Calcination treatment significantly improved the dielectric properties of the powder. With higher calcination temperature, the dielectric constant increased and the dielectric loss decreased.
Diagnostic related groups and the obstetrician: Antepartum admission

A retrospective review was conducted of all pregnant women discharged undelivered during fiscal year 1985. If the current Medicare prospective payment plan were applied to these admissions, Diagnostic Related Group 383 (other antepartum diagnoses with medical complications) and Diagnostic Related Group 384 (other antepartum diagnoses without medical complications) would together generate a negative cash flow. Supplementation for capital costs and direct and indirect medical education costs would result in a positive cash flow; however, the supplementation is vulnerable to political and social forces that will tend to diminish or eliminate it.
An algorithm for generating connected quadrilaterals of specified area

Abstract We give a computer algorithm for generating a grid whose cells are of specified area and unspecified shape. The algorithm works iteratively, producing a better solution after each iteration. Convergence is realized even when the range of areas is large.
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with pediatric brain tumor progression: a case series and review of the literature

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a rare disorder of conjugate lateral gaze that has been described in a number of neurologic conditions including multiple sclerosis, stroke and less commonly brain tumors. We describe a series of 3 boys (11, 12, 15 years) diagnosed with primary central nervous system tumors (pilomyxoid variant astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, gliomatosis cerebri) who developed bilateral INO as a manifestation of progressive disease. Time from diagnosis to development of bilateral INO ranged from 13-36 months. All children died of their disease 1-9 months following diagnosis of bilateral INO and had significant dorsal pontine invasion on magnetic resonance imaging at progression. Only one child had brainstem involvement at diagnosis. Our case series highlights this rare ophthalmologic syndrome of bilateral INO in association with tumor progression and provides a literature review of brain tumor associations with INO.
Isotopic composition of meteoritic thallium

Thallium contents have been determined as 2.5 ± 0.5 × 10−6 in Ivigtut, Greenland, galena; 7 ± 2 × 10−10 in Plainview chondrite; 1.5 ± 0.3 × 10−9 in Canyon Diablo troilite; and 2.5 ± 0.5 × 10−10 in Canyon Diablo metal. The205Tl/203Tl ratio is identical within about 0.6% of that of terrestrial thallium reagent, thus yielding no indication of extinct natural radioactivity of205Pb (half-life ∼24 m.y.). Using published lead contents of the meteoritic materials, of plot of205Tl/203Tl versus204Pb/203Tl has been made of our results and those of Anders and Stevens [1]. Cogenetic phases initially incorporating205Pb should yield a straight-line isochron. Only limiting slopes can be indicated for various groups of data. The uncertainties of these data and the indicated variability of the Tl/Pb ratio in meteoritic materials suggest that more precise and extensive measurements may reveal radiogenic205Tl.
THE EINSTEIN GENERALIZED RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY.

It is shown that the generalized Hiemann tensor can be derived from Einstein's equations that relate the nonsymmetric covariant metric tensor of the space-time continuum of four dimensions and the contravariant tensor. (C.E.S.)
Suppression of ethanol-reinforced lever pressing by delaying food availability

When food was initially available to rats under a fixed-interval 26-second schedule and each liquid-reinforced lever press delayed food availability 8 seconds, suppression of liquid-reinforced lever pressing and liquid consumption occurred when the liquid presented was 4, 8, 16, 32, and 0% ethanol. Suppression did not occur in yoked-control animals, which received food coincidentally with experimental animals but were not directly exposed to the delay dependency. After exposure to the food schedule, each ethanol solution served as a reinforcer in the absence of food presentation. Delaying food availability for increasingly long periods (8 to 2048 seconds) suppressed ethanol-reinforced lever pressing and consumption relative to baseline levels, with the maximum decrease being below the level maintained in the absence of food. However, degree of suppression did not increase monotonically with delay length. Liquid-reinforced performance of yoked-control animals indicated that suppression did not result from changes in the sequencing of food presentation alone.
A phenol technique for extraction of alkylated dna, rna, and protein from a single tissue sample.

Abstract A procedure for extracting DNA, RNA, and protein from an L1210 leukemia cell sample is described. Sodium deoxycholate and 154 m m NaCl in the presence of phenol extracts cytoplasmic RNA. Sodium deoxycholate, p -aminosalicylate, and 1 m NaCl in the presence of phenol extracts the DNA. The DNA is then freed of RNA with RNase T1 and T2. Cytoplasmic RNA with no detectable DNA and less than 0.02% protein contamination was so obtained. The DNA isolated had less than 3% uracil as compared to thymine and no more than 0.1% protein. The extraction procedures are especially useful for investigating nucleotide alterations in nucleic acids by chemical carcinogens and alkylating agents in tissue samples of only 2 × 10 8 cells. The procedure has also been successfully applied to murine bone marrow cells, human bone marrow cells, HeLa cells, and myeloblasts from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia.
LNK mutation studies in blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms, and in chronic-phase disease with TET2, IDH, JAK2 or MPL mutations

LNK mutation analysis was performed in 61 patients with blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); post-primary myelofibrosis (PMF) in 41, post-polycythemia vera in 11 and post-essential thrombocythemia in 9 patients. Paired chronic–blast phase sample analysis was possible in 26 cases. Nine novel heterozygous LNK mutations were identified in eight (13%) patients: six exon 2 missense mutations involving codons 215, 220, 223, 229 and 234, a synonymous mutation involving codon 208, and two deletion mutations involving exon 2 (685–691_delGGCCCCG) or exon 5 (955_delA); eight affected the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Mutations were detected in six (9.8%) blast-phase samples; chronic-phase sample analysis in four of these revealed the same mutation in one. Mutant LNK was detected in chronic-phase only in two patients and in both chronic–blast phases in one. JAK2V617F was documented in three and IDH2R140Q in one LNK-mutated patients. LNK mutations were not detected in 78 additional patients with chronic-phase MPN enriched for TET2, IDH, JAK2V617F, or MPL-mutated cases. We conclude that LNK mutations (i) target an exon 2 ‘hot spot’ in the PH domain spanning residues E208-D234, (ii) might be more prevalent in blast-phase PMF and (iii) are not mutually exclusive of other MPN-associated mutations but rarely occur in their presence in chronic-phase disease.
Public housing, health, and health behaviors: Is there a connection?

This paper explores the relationship between public housing, health outcomes, and health behaviors among low-income housing residents. While public housing can be a dangerous and unhealthy environment in which to live, the subsidized rent may free up resources for nutritious food and health care. In addition, public housing may be of higher quality than the available alternatives, it may provide easier access to health clinics willing to serve the poor, and it may link residents to social support networks, which can improve mental health and the ability to access higher-quality grocery stores. To test whether there is a "back-door" health benefit to the public housing program, we analyze data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We minimize the effects of selection into public housing with controls and instrumental variables estimation and find that the results are somewhat sensitive to the instrumental variable used, and thus, we conclude that we are unable to detect a robust health benefit from public housing for our measures of health. However, we do find some evidence that public housing residency has mixed effects on domestic violence, increases obesity, and worsens mothers' overall health status.
How device properties influence energy-delay metrics and the energy-efficiency of parallel computations

Semiconductor device engineers are hard-pressed to relate observed device-level properties of potential CMOS replacements to computation performance. We address this challenge by developing a model linking device properties to algorithm parallelism, total computational work, and degree of voltage and frequency scaling. We then use the model to provide insight into how device properties influence execution time, average power dissipation, and overall energy usage of parallel algorithms executing in the presence of hardware concurrency. The model facilitates studying tradeoffs: It lets researchers formulate joint energy-delay metrics that account for device properties.We support our analysis with data from a dozen large digital circuit designs, and we validate the models we present using performance and power measurements of a parallel algorithm executing on a state-of-the-art low-power multicore processor.
Are green building features safe for preventive maintenance workers? Examining the evidence

Background Many newly constructed green buildings (GB) are certified using the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system for new construction and major renovation which focuses on architectural and mechanical design to conserve energy, reduce environmental harm, and enhance indoor quality for occupants. This study evaluated the preventive maintenance (PM) worker occupational safety and health (OSH) risks related to the design of GB. Methods PM job hazard analyses (JHA) were performed on the tasks required to operate and maintain five GB features selected from 13 LEED certified GB. A 22-item JHA and OSH risk scoring system were developed. Results Potentially serious OSH hazards included: green roofs made of slippery material without fall protection; energy recovery wheels and storm water harvesting systems in confined spaces; skylights without guard rails; and tight geothermal well mechanical rooms constraining safe preventive practices. Conclusions GB can present PM OSH risks and these should be eliminated in the building design phase. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:410–423, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Language Background and Literacy Among Hispanic Young Adults

This paper examines the relationship between language background and literacy among Hispanic young adults drawn from the Young Adult Literacy Survey, an assessment of literacy skills among a nationally representative sample of 21- to 25-year-olds. Hispanics were found to have a significantly lower level of literacy than whites and their literacy skills also varied considerably among monolingual English, bilingual, and monolingual Spanish speakers. However, the disadvantaged backgrounds of Hispanic young adults explained a considerable amount of the variation among these language groups. Moreover, among bilingual respondents, there were no effects of frequency of using, or proficiency in, Spanish. Thus Spanish language background did not have an overwhelming negative effect on English literacy. These results suggest that pronouncements about the negative effects of bilingualism in the Hispanic community are largely unwarranted.
Changes across a Decade in Size, Growth, and Body Condition of Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) Populations on Free-flowing and Regulated Forks of the Trinity River in Northwest California

Water diversions can disrupt flows and alter thermal regimes changing seasonal patterns that signal the onset of life-history functions of native organisms and compromise the fitness of their populations. We compared size, growth, relative mass, volumetric body condition, and reproductive status of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) across a decade on two forks of California’s Trinity River, one regulated and the other free-flowing. Turtles on the regulated fork experienced flows designed to accommodate anthropocentric demands, whereas those on the free-flowing fork experienced natural hydrologic cycles and seasonal warming. July water temperatures averaged 8.6°C colder on the regulated fork due to hypolimnetic releases. Turtles on the colder regulated fork grew more slowly and were smaller at similar ages compared with those on the free-flowing fork, a pattern that was exacerbated across the decade. Female relative mass (RM) across the decade did not differ between forks, whereas male RM was grea...
On the multiple-minima problem in the conformational analysis of polypeptides. II. An electrostatically driven Monte Carlo method--tests on poly(L-alanine).

A new approach to the multiple-minima problem in protein folding is presented. It is assumed that the molecule is driven toward the native structure by three types of mechanism. The first one involves an optimization of the electrostatic interactions, whereby the molecule evolves toward conformations in which the charge distribution becomes energetically more favorable. The second mechanism involves a Monte Carlo–energy minimization approach, and the third one is a backtrack mechanism that acts in the opposite direction, increasing the energy—the third type of movement provides a means to perturb the molecule when it is trapped in a stable but energetically unfavorable local energy minimum. This paper describes the implementation of a model based on these mechanisms, and illustrates its effectiveness by computations on different arbitrary starting conformations of a terminally blocked 19-residue chain of poly(L-alanine) for which the global minimum apparently corresponds to the right-handed α-helix. In all cases, the global minimum was attained, even when the starting conformation was a left-handed α-helix. In the latter case, the trajectory of conformations passed through partially melted forms of the left-handed α-helix (because of electrostatic defects at the ends), and then through the formation of structures leading to the more stable right-handed α-helix.
Cardiac Sarcoidosis Imitating Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

A 59-year-old male was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass, with a 2-month history of exertional dyspnea (New York Heart Association class II to III). The patient denied dyspnea at rest, chest pain, palpitations, or syncope. There was no history of fevers or recent weight loss. An outpatient echocardiogram (Figure 1), performed as part of the workup of the patient’s dyspnea, demonstrated normal left ventricular size and function. The right ventricle (RV) was normal in size but diffusely hypokinetic. There was evidence of segmental RV dysfunction, with 2 discrete aneurysmal areas in the RV free wall at the base and apex, which measured 1.5 and 3.0 cm in width. Both areas appeared thinned and dyskinetic. The echocardiographic appearance was suggestive of arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C).1 A CT scan ruled out the presence of pulmonary embolism but was notable for marked mediastinal lymphadenopathy (Figure 2 …
Utility of osteopontin as a biomarker in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective. Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in tumors and serum of ovarian cancer patients and may serve as a biomarker. To evaluate the utility of serum osteopontin in monitoring disease status, we evaluated 234 serum samples from post-oophorectomy patients with ovarian cancer and 38 samples from healthy controls. Methods. Serum samples were collected from 203 women with recurrent ovarian cancer and 31 newly diagnosed women participating in an experimental chemotherapeutic clinical trial. Controls included 11 young healthy women and 27 peri- or postmenopausal women without ovarian cancer. Samples were assayed for osteopontin using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Statistical analyses for group comparisons of biomarker distribution used the nonparametric Wilcoxon's rank sum test for two-group comparisons and the Kruskal–Wallis test for three-group comparisons. Results. Osteopontin values ranged from 25 to 1463 ng/ml for patients and 25 to 617 ng/ml for controls. Mean patient levels were lower than mean control levels (74 ng/ml vs. 147 ng/ml, respectively, P = 0.0006). Serum osteopontin levels correlated with recurrent disease versus remission (68 ng/ml vs. 34 ng/ml, P = 0.0034), presence of ascites versus absence (71 ng/ml vs. 53 ng/ml, P = 0.0002), and bulky disease vs. nonbulky disease (75 ng/ml vs. 38 ng/ml, P = 0.0005). CA-125 values yielded the same trends with greater statistical difference. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that serum osteopontin concentrations in post-oophorectomy patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are not greater than in healthy controls. Nevertheless, within this heterogeneous patient population, the values do correlate with bulk of disease. The potential utility of this assay in monitoring women with CA-125 negative disease is worthy of exploration.