cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calmodulin modulates Akt activity in human breast cancer cell lines

Growth factor-induced activation of Akt occurs in the majority of human breast cancer cell lines resulting in a variety of cellular outcomes, including suppression of apoptosis and enhanced survival. We demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-initiated activation of Akt is mediated by the ubiquitous calcium sensing molecule, calmodulin, in the majority of human breast cancer cell lines. Specifically, in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, but not ER-positive, breast cancer cells, Akt activation is abolished by treatment with the calmodulin antagonist, W-7. Suppression of calmodulin expression by siRNAs against all three calmodulin genes in c-Myc-overexpressing mouse mammary carcinoma cells results in significant inhibition of EGF-induced Akt activation. Additionally, transient expression of constitutively active Akt (Myr-Akt) can overcome W-7-mediated suppression of Akt activation. These results confirm the involvement of calmodulin in the Akt pathway. The calmodulin independence of EGF-initiated Akt signaling in some cells was not explained by calmodulin expression level. Additionally, it was not explained by ER status or activation, since removal of estrogen and ablation of the ER did not convert the ER-positive, W-7 insensitive, MCF-7 cell line to calmodulin dependent signaling. However, forced overexpression of either epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or ErbB2 did partially restore calmodulin dependent EGF-stimulated Akt activation. This is consistent with observation that W-7 sensitive cells tend to be estrogen independent and express high levels of EGFR family members. In an attempt to address how calmodulin is regulating Akt activity, we looked at localization of fluorescently tagged Akt and calmodulin in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells. We found that both Akt and calmodulin translocate to the membrane after EGF-stimulation, and this translocation to the same sub-cellular compartment is inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7. Thus, calmodulin may be regulating Akt activity by modulating its sub-cellular location and is a novel target in the poor prognosis, ER-negative subset of breast cancers.
Microemulsion Rheology: Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Regimes

Viscosity measurements are reported for microemulsions formed with pure and commercial surfactants, currently used for enhancing oil recovery. Approximate viscosities were measured with the multi-phase rolling ball viscometer. Viscosities as functions of shear rate were measured on a cone-and-plate rheometer with an environmental chamber designed to control both temperature and evaporation It is shown that at a fixed shear rate or shear stress, microemulsion viscosity often goes through two maxima as the salinity of the mixing brine increases and the microemulsion passes from a water-continuous to an oil-continuous phase. Microemulsions near these maxima exhibit non-Newtonian behavior: under shear their viscosity decreases by as much as a factor of six. Away from the maxima, microemulsion appeared to be substantially Newtonian. 29 refs.
Redshift of OH471

THE purpose of this letter is to draw attention to the very high redshift, z = 3.40, of the QSO OH471.
Applications of ion-selective electrodes

Abstract Various commercial electrodes have been studied. The single crystal fluoride electrode is used for direct measurements as well as in titrations of fluoride with lanthanum(III) solution; 60% 2-propanol is the optimal medium for the titration of small amounts of fluoride. Small amounts of hydrogen peroxide do not interfere. The sulfide electrode is useful for the sequential titration of chloride, bromide and iodide with silver nitrate solution, as well as in titrations of cyanide and thiocyanate ; end-point breaks are greater than those obtained with a silver billet electrode. The divalent cation electrode is useful for EDTA titrations of calcium, barium and sulfate.
Stop the Presses! Using the Journalism Field as a Case Study to Help Community College Administrators Today.

A focus group consisting of board of trustee members, community college presidents, senior administrators, administrators, and faculty members from community colleges around the United States developed the top six critical issues facing community colleges with respect to instructional planning and services; planning, governance, and finance; and workforce development. Thereafter, the delegation of more than 100 voted on various aspects of these issues. The findings detail a shift away from pragmatic problems or opportunities of today, such as K–20 alignment, retention, and sustainability, to more lifelong learning, globalization, and focus upon innovation and partnerships. The findings are discussed here in more detail with respect to the changes occurring in the journalism field. It is hoped the problems of the journalism field, which might have been avoided, can be discussed and turned into opportunities for community college administrators.
Assessment of the Amino Sugar–Nitrogen Test on Iowa Soils: I. Evaluation of Soil Sampling and Corn Management Practices

A soil N test capable of measuring the soil organic N fraction that contributes to plant available N would be useful to corn (Zea mays L.) producers as they make N fertilizer rate decisions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of soil sampling time, sampling depth, long-term crop rotation, and long-term N fertilizer application on the amino sugar–N test (ASNT). Soil samples from 43 N rate trials were analyzed using the ASNT procedure. The ASNTwas also determined on soil samples from two sites having several crop rotations and N fertilizer rates in place forthepast 18and24yr. The ASNTresults were consistent over time but show variation from week toweek and were morevariable at sites with high soil organic C or manure application history. Amino sugar–N test values from the 0- to 15-cm soil depth were usually greater than the 15- to 30-cm or 0- to 30-cm depths. Crop rotations that included alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) resulted in greater ASNT values than continuous corn andcorn rotated withsoybean [Glycinemax(L.)Merr.]. Therefore, sampling depth and rotation should be taken into consideration when calibrating the ASNT. Long-term N fertilization rate did not consistentlyinfluenceASNTvalues.Differencesbetweensoilshadlarger effectsontheASNTthancornmanagementpractices.SamplingbeforeN application in the fall, early spring before planting, or late spring during the growing season should provide similar ASNT results and flexibility in sample collection before N application.
Modification of Existing Human Motor Memories Is Enabled by Primary Cortical Processing during Memory Reactivation

One of the most challenging tasks of the brain is to constantly update the internal neural representations of existing memories. Animal studies have used invasive methods such as direct microfusion of protein inhibitors to designated brain areas, in order to study the neural mechanisms underlying modification of already existing memories after their reactivation during recall [1-4]. Because such interventions are not possible in humans, it is not known how these neural processes operate in the human brain. In a series of experiments we show here that when an existing human motor memory is reactivated during recall, modification of the memory is blocked by virtual lesion [5] of the related primary cortical human brain area. The virtual lesion was induced by noninvasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation guided by a frameless stereotactic brain navigation system and each subject's brain image. The results demonstrate that primary cortical processing in the human brain interacting with pre-existing reactivated memory traces is critical for successful modification of the existing related memory. Modulation of reactivated memories by noninvasive cortical stimulation may have important implications for human memory research and have far-reaching clinical applications.
AN ARGUMENT AGAINST HEDGING BY MATCHING THE CURRENCIES OF COSTS AND REVENUES

One way for multinationals to manage their exposures to foreign currency fluctuations is by matching the currencies of costs and revenues, a practice sometimes referred to as “natural hedging.” Proponents of this risk-management technique argue that matching currencies decreases profit variability. Using the example of a U.S. firm competing with a French firm for sales in France, the authors analyze the desirability of the U.S. firm's matching currencies of costs and revenues by sourcing in France rather than in the U.S. They find that in such settings with limited competition, while matching reduces profit variability, it also causes a reduction in expected profitability–a potential drawback that appears to have been overlooked in previous discussions. The authors demonstrate that the U.S. firm, by choosing not to match currencies, retains the strategic flexibility to adjust its prices and quantities in order to exploit the competitive cost differentials caused by exchange rate shifts. The expected profit effects of matching depend on the tradeoff between expected cost savings, if any, of sourcing abroad versus the reductions in expected profits due to the loss of strategic flexibility. They argue that the benefits of strategic flexibility associated with sourcing in the U.S. can yield an increase in expected profits that may outweigh the cost savings and hedging benefits of currency matching.
The acceptability of a directly-administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) intervention among patients in public HIV clinics in Los Angeles, California.

Abstract Directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) is an intensive adherence support strategy for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that requires patient acceptance to be effective. In one arm of a randomized adherence study, community workers (CW) delivered and observed ingestion of one HAART dose to participants five days a week for six months. We evaluated acceptability by study participation, retention, attendance and a satisfaction survey. Chi-square and nonparametric tests were used to examine differences between participants who did and did not complete DAART. Between November 2001 and March 2004, 416 eligible participants were identified; 250 were enrolled and 166 refused to participate (22 of these (13%) because of DAART specifically). Of the 82 randomized to DAART (70% Latino, 20% African American, 27% female and 69% foreign-born), 65 (79%) completed six months of DAART. Participants attended 6,953/7,390 (94%) appointments. Latinos were more likely to complete DAART compare...
Comparison of bare metal stents versus drug-eluting stents on clinical decision making in patients with previous percutaneous coronary intervention admitted for suspected acute coronary syndrome

To determine whether the decreased rate of restenosis observed with drug-eluting stents (DES) has changed the treatment of patients with recurrent symptoms after stent placement, we compared patients hospitalized with presumed cardiac symptoms within 1 year after placement of either a DES or a bare metal stent (BMS). In this retrospective, single-center study, cases were identified from consecutive patients who received a DES from March 2003 to July 2004 or a BMS from August 2001 to June 2002. No differences were noted in the rate of hospitalization, hospitalization for presumed cardiac symptoms, use of coronary angiography in patients hospitalized for presumed cardiac symptoms, or average interval to hospitalization. In contrast, restenosis and the need for additional revascularization procedures were higher in the BMS group. The primary indication for additional revascularization was restenosis in the BMS group and progression of coronary artery disease in the DES group. In the DES group, the need for revascularization was significantly higher in patients with multi- versus single-vessel coronary artery disease (26% vs 7%, p
Geometric algorithms and experiments for automated document structuring

We present and analyze algorithms for the automated segmentation and classification of layout structures in electronic documents. The key idea is to use the patterns in the distribution of white space in a document to recognize and interpret its components. The segmentation algorithm divides the document into a hierarchy of logical elements; the classification algorithms classify these divisions as base-text, tables, indented lists, polygonal drawings, and graphs. We present experimental data and discuss an information access application. Our methodology allows the automatic markup of documents (for instance in the sgml format) and the creation of multilevel indices and browsing tools for electronic libraries.
Do bonus offers shorten unemployment insurance spells? results from the washington experiment

Unemployment insurance is intended to reduce hardship by providing labor force members with partial wage replacement during periods of involuntary unemployment. However, in performing this income maintenance function, unemployment insurance may prolong spells of unemployment. Evidence from a field experiment conducted in Illinois in 1984 suggested that offering unemployment insurance claimants a modest cash bonus for rapid reemployment would increase the speed of return to work and reduce program costs. In 1988 a similar experiment, examining several different bonus offers, was conducted in the state of Washington. Evidence from the Washington experiment indicates that bonus offers do change job seeking behavior, but that only relatively generous bonus offers—about six times the weekly benefit amount—should be expected to significantly change the behavior of people eligible for unemployment benefits.
Punishing the innocent: juvenile court jurisdiction over "status offenders".

Richard Jenkins has reported that a 10-year-follow-up study of boys committed to the Iowa State Training School showed that boys confined for being runaways were less likely to be released for good adjustment, more likely to be returned to the institution from parole, and more likely to have adult criminal convictions than boys confined to the same institution for criminal offenses. Specifically, Jenkins found that 67% of the criminal offenders were released for good adjustment, compared with only 25% of the runaways; that only 24% of the criminal offenders were returned to the institution from parole, compared with 67% of the runaways; and that 40% of the criminal offenders later had adult criminal convictions, compared with 61 % of the runaways. jenkins's findings are drawn from a study of 90 criminal offenders and 36 runaways. Jenkins notes that his findings are similar to those of Lee Robins (1966), who found in a 30-year follow-up study of children seen in child guidance clinics that children who were runaways or truant were somewhat more likely to become adult sociopaths than children "charged" in clinic records with theft, a criminal offense. Robins found that 33 to 34% of the runaways and truants became adult sociopaths, compared with 30 to 31 % of the criminal law violators. These findings were drawn from the records of 242 criminal offenders, 200 runaways, and 182 truants. If the Jenkins and Robins studies are valid and reliable, they demonstrate that 33 to 61 % of runaway and truant children become adult sociopaths and that 39 to 67% of runaway and truant children do not become adult sociopaths. The Jenkins study shows that nearly two thirds of the children confined at the Iowa State Training School for running away from home later had adult criminal convictions.
An advanced numerical model of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings

SUMMARY The nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi in March 2011 has led the nuclear community to consider seismic isolation for new large light water and small modular reactors to withstand the effects of beyond design basis loadings, including extreme earthquakes. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission is sponsoring a research project that will quantify the response of low damping rubber (LDR) and lead rubber (LR) bearings under loadings associated with extreme earthquakes. Under design basis loadings, the response of an elastomeric bearing is not expected to deviate from well-established numerical models, and bearings are not expected to experience net tension. However, under extended or beyond design basis shaking, elastomer shear strains may exceed 300% in regions of high seismic hazard, bearings may experience net tension, the compression and tension stiffness will be affected by isolator lateral displacement, and the properties of the lead core in LR bearings will degrade in the short-term because of substantial energy dissipation. New mathematical models of LDR and LR bearings are presented for the analysis of base isolated structures under design and beyond design basis shaking, explicitly considering both the effects of lateral displacement and cyclic vertical and horizontal loading. These mathematical models extend the available formulations in shear and compression. Phenomenological models are presented to describe the behavior of elastomeric isolation bearings in tension, including the cavitation and post-cavitation behavior. The elastic mechanical properties make use of the two-spring model. Strength degradation of LR bearing under cyclic shear loading due to heating of lead core is incorporated. The bilinear area reduction method is used to include variation of critical buckling load capacity with lateral displacement. The numerical models are coded in OpenSees, and the results of numerical analysis are compared with test data. The effect of different parameters on the response is investigated through a series of analyses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between Feynman Cycles and Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order

The usual order parameter for Bose-Einstein condensation involves the off-diagonal correlation function of Penrose and Onsager, but an alternative is Feynman's notion of infinite cycles. We present a formula that relates both order parameters. We discuss its validity with the help of rigorous results and heuristic arguments. The conclusion is that infinite cycles do not always represent the Bose condensate.
Control of an estuarine microfouling sequence on optical surfaces using low-intensity ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract Ultraviolet light has been investigated as an active energy input for the control of slime film formation on optical surfaces submerged in San Francisco Bay for periods up to 6 weeks. Irradiation of quartz underwater windows was carried out from three positions: (i) exterior to the window, (ii) from directly behind the window, and (iii) from the edge of the window with the ultraviolet (UV) energy refracted through the front of the window. Internally administered irradiation reaching levels of 10 to 30 μW per cm2 measurable at the glass surface was effective in preventing bacterial slime film formation and settlement of metazoan larvae. When administered from the external position, over one order of magnitude more (500 to 600 μW/cm2) UV energy was required to accomplish the same result. Irradiation from the edge position was most promising logistically and was effective in fouling control for 6 weeks. The results provide a preliminary quantitation of the energy requirement for control of the marine microfouling sequence which precedes development of macrofouling communities.
TI 59 Calculator Program for Haugh Unit Calculation

Abstract A TI 59 calculator program was written for Haugh unit determination of the albumen quality of eggs. The original equation developed by Haugh (1937) was incorporated into the program. Use of the calculator program gives an accurate and direct reading of the Haugh unit. The program was written so that the data could be recorded by means of an optional printer.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BOEHMITE

The crystal structure of a synthetic boehmite sample has been refined to an R of 0.047 in the space group Amam from X-ray powder diffraction data. Inclusion of hydrogen atoms and/or refinement in the space group A21am gave poorer results. Cell dimensions were determined as a = 3.6936 (± 0.0003), b = 12.214 (± 0.001), c = 2.8679 (± 0.0003) A. All Al-O(OH) distances lie between 1.88 and 1.91 A. Shared octahedral edges are 2.51–2.52 A, and unshared octahedral edges are 2.86–2.87 A, in excellent agreement with those for layered silicates. The O-H … O distance between contiguous octahedral sheets is 2.71 A. The computed X-ray pattern matches closely with the experimental pattern, indicating the degree to which the crystal structure has been determined.
Measuring password guessability for an entire university

Despite considerable research on passwords, empirical studies of password strength have been limited by lack of access to plaintext passwords, small data sets, and password sets specifically collected for a research study or from low-value accounts. Properties of passwords used for high-value accounts thus remain poorly understood.We fill this gap by studying the single-sign-on passwords used by over 25,000 faculty, staff, and students at a research university with a complex password policy. Key aspects of our contributions rest on our (indirect) access to plaintext passwords. We describe our data collection methodology, particularly the many precautions we took to minimize risks to users. We then analyze how guessable the collected passwords would be during an offline attack by subjecting them to a state-of-the-art password cracking algorithm. We discover significant correlations between a number of demographic and behavioral factors and password strength. For example, we find that users associated with the computer science school make passwords more than 1.5 times as strong as those of users associated with the business school. while users associated with computer science make strong ones. In addition, we find that stronger passwords are correlated with a higher rate of errors entering them.We also compare the guessability and other characteristics of the passwords we analyzed to sets previously collected in controlled experiments or leaked from low-value accounts. We find more consistent similarities between the university passwords and passwords collected for research studies under similar composition policies than we do between the university passwords and subsets of passwords leaked from low-value accounts that happen to comply with the same policies.
Surface Modification of AFM Si3N4 Probes for Adhesion/Friction Reduction and Imaging Improvement

Si 3 N 4 probes used for atomic force microscope exhibit large adhesion and friction resulting in artifacts of scanned image. In order to reduce adhesion and friction so as to reduce tip related artifacts, liquid lubricant (Z-TETRAOL) and fluorocarbon polymer (Fluorinert™) were applied on the Si 3 N 4 probe. A comprehensive investigation of adhesion, friction, and wear of the uncoated/coated tips in both ambient air and various humidity levels as well as the influence of the coatings on the image resolution was performed. Experiments show that the coatings reduce the adhesion and friction of the Si 3 N 4 tip, improve the initial image resolution, and exhibit less deterioration as compared to that ofuncoated tip after scanning. The image degradation of an uncoated Si 3 N 4 probe is also compared with that of an uncoated silicon probe. A probe cantilever deflection model was proposed to correlate the influence of the adhesion and friction with the image distortion.
The analysis of drainage network composition

The Horton method of analyzing drainage network composition is reviewed, with the conclusion that it has not been very effective either in improving understanding or in developing useful methods of characterizing drainage basins. New methods which are based on the link rather than the Horton (or Strahler) stream are described. A number of detailed examples of the application of these new methods to the topologic and geometric properties of networks are provided. The results are compared with the predictions of the random model. Data used in the analysis were obtained from 1:24,000 U.S.G.S. topographic maps of eastern Kentucky. Thirty drainage basins were selected and their channel networks were outlined first by the contour-crenulation (CC) method and then by another, more objective, method (SC) in which stream sources were identified by a quantitative slope criterion. The CC and SC samples comprise about 8,700 and 1,700 links, respectively. The three most important results of the analysis are: (1) the channel networks are slightly but significantly more elongated than predicted by the random model, (2) there are fewer second magnitude links than predicted, and (3) the length distribution for interior links depends upon the kind of link (interior or exterior) joined downstream. These features are found in both CC and SC networks.
Nucleate Boiling Characteristics of Organic Reactor Coolants

Experimental measurements are reported for nucleate boiling of various saturated liquid polyphenyls which are of interest as nuclear reactor coolants. Heat flux is presented as a function of the difference between the heater surface temperature and saturation temperature, and correlations by various semitheoretical methods are discussed. A peak heat aux is reported for all but one of the liquids tested, and good agreement is found with previous work-with similar fluids. Methods are suggested which may be used to estimate the nucleate boiling characteristics of these liquids during forced convection at elevated pressures and liquid subcooling, even though the present tests include only pool boiling studies. These methods may be used in feasibility analyses of boiling- polyphenyl cooled and moderated reactors. (auth)
Predictability of a Coupled Model of ENSO Using Singular Vector Analysis. Part I: Optimal Growth in Seasonal Background and ENSO Cycles

The fastest initial error growth (optimal growth) in the Zebiak and Cane (ZC) forecast model for the El Nino- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is analyzed by singular value decomposition of a forward tangent model along a trajectory in a reduced EOF space. In this paper (Part I of II), optimal growth about the seasonally varying background and ENSO cycles from a long model run are discussed. Among the many forms of nonlinearity in ZC, the discontinuity of the slope in subsurface temperature at zero thermocline depth and the nonlinear advection of SST are the most significant. That positive perturbations grow much faster than negative perturbations around the seasonally varying background is first attributable to the discontinuity and, second, attributable to nonlinear advection. About the seasonally varying background, 6-month optimal growth is largest for early (boreal) spring starts, which is related to the enhanced atmospheric heating due to equatorward movement of the ITCZ. One dominant growing structure is found, characterized by north-south and east-west SST dipoles, convergent winds on the equator in the eastern Pacific, and a deepened thermocline in the whole equatorial belt. This structure is insensitive to start month and optimization time. Optimal growth about ENSO cycles in a long model run is generally much smaller than that about the seasonally varying background. As before, one dominant growing structure, insensitive to start time and optimization time, is found. During the warm phase of ENSO, optimal growth is modulated by season as is that about the seasonal varying background. During the onset and mature phases of ENSO, the final pattern of the optimal structure in 6 months is confined to the eastern Pacific; during the decay phase of ENSO, it spreads to the western Pacific as well. During the cold phase of ENSO, optimal growth has two maxima in a year—early spring and fall; the optimal perturbation propagates westward associated with surface layer-wind interaction. The authors also compare the singular vector analysis in EOF space and the standard one in physical space. The importance of norm definition to optimal growth and optimal structure is discussed.
A Framework for Understanding Gifted Adolescents' Psychological Maladjustment.

A framework for understanding common psychosocial problems of gifted adolescence is based on the assumptions that people want to fit into society, and people want to understand how they fit. Common problems for the gifted are: being different in cognitive development from average (out of stage), having abilities and interests which make it difficult to adjust socially (out of phase), and feeling different from others.
Genotyping Sleep Disorders Patients

ObjectiveaaThe genetic susceptibility factors underlying sleep disorders might help us predict prognoses and responses to treatment. Several candidate polymorphisms for sleep disorders have been proposed, but there has as yet inadequate replication or validation that the candidates may be useful in the clinical setting. MethodsaaTo assess the validity of several candidate associations, we obtained saliva deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples and clinical information from 360 consenting research participants who were undergoing clinical polysomnograms. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. These were thought to be related to depression, circadian sleep disorders, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome (RLS), excessive sleepiness, or to slow waves
Interparticle collision of natural sediment grains in water

Elastohydrodynamic theory and measurements of particle impacts on an inclined glass plane in water are used to investigate the mechanics of interparticle collisions in sediment-transporting flows. A collision Stokes number is proposed as a measure of the momentum of an interparticle collision versus the viscous pressure force in the interstitial gap between colliding particles. The viscous pressure force opposes motion of the particles on approach and rebound. A Stokes number of between 39 and 105 is estimated as the critical range below which particle impacts are completely viscously damped and above which impacts are partially elastic. The critical Stokes number is shown to roughly coincide with the Bagnold number transition between macroviscous and grain inertial debris flows and the transition between damped and partially elastic bed load transport saltation impacts. The nonspherical nature of natural particles significantly alters the motion of the center of mass after a partially elastic collision. The normal to the point of contact between the particles does not necessarily go through the center of mass. Thus normal rebound of the center of mass may not occur. A model of particle motion after rebound for particles of arbitrary shape, conserving both linear and angular momentum, is proposed.
Using passive sensing to estimate relative energy expenditure for eldercare monitoring

This paper describes ongoing work in analyzing sensor data logged in the homes of seniors. An estimation of relative energy expenditure is computed using motion density from passive infrared motion sensors mounted in the environment. We introduce a new algorithm for detecting visitors in the home using motion sensor data and a set of fuzzy rules. The visitor algorithm, as well as a previous algorithm for identifying time-away-from-home (TAFH), are used to filter the logged motion sensor data. Thus, the energy expenditure estimate uses data collected only when the resident is home alone. Case studies are included from TigerPlace, an Aging in Place community, to illustrate how the relative energy expenditure estimate can be used to track health conditions over time.
SPIN-1/2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL ANISOTROPIC HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS

A real space renormalization group method is applied to study the spin-1/2 two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnets. We carry out the calculation on a 5×5 cluster by using a variational approach. The ground-state energy per site is estimated as e0=−0.6845±0.0005 which is in good agreement with other numerical estimates. We also calculate the different ground state energies when anisotropy changes. By comparing with 3×3 cluster calculation the resulting threshold for long range order drops and the curve of the renormalization group parameter vs. anisotropy shows no hint of discontinuity over a wide range of anisotropic parameters. Hence, our calculation suggests that long-range order exists for the ground-state of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets in two dimensions.
Accurate frequency estimation at low signal-to-noise ratio

A frequency estimator for sinusoids in white noise is described. Convergence results are obtained for the single sinusoid case and a simulation described for the multiple sinusoid case. The estimator is shown to be capable of providing accurate frequency estimates at lower SNR's than currently existing techniques. Furthermore, the simplicity of the algorithm lends itself to a simple and efficient implementation.
Technical communication and distance learning: natural partners

Distance learning presents a challenge to the way that higher education has been delivered. Many universities are interested in entering the new arena, but they are concerned about the implications. This paper explains how Mercer University is using distance learning in the Master's program in technical communication and concludes that technical communication educators should play a leading role.
Estimating Deaths From Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Global Methodologies of Mortality Measurement

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, of 2 471 984 total deaths in the United States in 2008, 616 828 were caused by heart disease and 134 148 were caused by cerebrovascular disease (Table 1). By these statistics, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.1 Worldwide, the Global Burden of Disease study estimated that in 2001, 12.45 million of >56 million total worldwide deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of global mortality, accounting for 1.4 million deaths in the developed world and 5.7 million deaths in developing regions.2 View this table: Table 1. Leading Causes of Death, United States, 2008 These impressive statistics are used for the design and subsequent evaluation of health policies and interventions, and increasingly, attention is being drawn to the need to redistribute funding on the basis of disease and mortality burden.3 But how much do practitioners know about the strength of data such as these? Many cardiovascular clinicians and researchers consider mortality data to be the most basic type of data on which to make interventions and policy decisions. Although the conclusions drawn from various clinical trials may be challenged, it is generally taken for granted that CVD mortality data in developed countries are valid. But mortality data, like all data, are subject to limitations based on how the data are collected. Furthermore, as the cardiology community begins to focus its attention on the prevalence of CVD in developing countries, it is important to determine how best to assess CVD-associated mortality in settings where most people die at home without death certificates or prior health records. The purpose of this review is to elucidate how mortality statistics are currently collected in both developed and developing countries, the various limitations …
Optimal protein library design using recombination or point mutations based on sequence-based scoring functions.

In this paper, we introduce and test two new sequencebased protein scoring systems (i.e. S1, S2) for assessing the likelihood that a given protein hybrid will be functional. By binning together amino acids with similar properties (i.e. volume, hydrophobicity and charge) the scoring systems S1 and S2 allow for the quantification of the severity of mismatched interactions in the hybrids. The S2 scoring system is found to be able to significantly functionally enrich a cytochrome P450 library over other scoring methods. Given this scoring base, we subsequently constructed two separate optimization formulations (i.e. OPTCOMB and OPTOLIGO) for optimally designing protein combinatorial libraries involving recombination or mutations, respectively. Notably, two separate versions of OPTCOMB are generated (i.e. model M1, M2) with the latter allowing for position-dependent parental fragment skipping. Computational benchmarking results demonstrate the efficacy of models OPTCOMB and OPTOLIGO to generate high scoring libraries of a prespecified size.
Effects of a single bump or dent in time dependent thermal line EHD lubrication

A time-dependent thermal compressible elastohydrodynamic lubrication of line contact model has been developed to investigate the effects of a single bump or dent in heavily loaded rolling/sliding contacts. The results illustrate the transient behavior of the film thickness, pressure and temperature distributions as a bump or a dent travels through the contact. The multigrid multilevel technique was used to simultaneously solve the discretized time dependent Reynolds, elasticity and energy equations. The effects of various loads and speeds have been investigated. Results are presented for the nondimensional loads of W=1.3×10 -4 , 2.3×10 -4 and nondimensional speeds ranging from U=1×10 -11 to U=10 -10 under pure rolling and rolling/sliding conditions
Tricks in dystonia: ordering the complexity

Sensory tricks are various manoeuvres that can ameliorate dystonia. Common characteristics are well known, but their variety is wide, sensory stimulation is not necessarily the critical feature, and their physiology is unknown. To enumerate the various forms of sensory tricks and describe their nature, research findings and theories that may elucidate their neurophysiologic mechanism, we reviewed the literature pertaining to sensory tricks, including variants like motor tricks, imaginary tricks, forcible tricks and reverse sensory tricks. On the basis of this information, we propose a new classification of sensory tricks to include its variants. We highlight neurophysiologic evidence suggesting that sensory tricks work by decreasing abnormal facilitation. We tie this with established dystonia pathogenesis and postulate that sensory tricks decrease abnormally increased facilitation to inhibition ratios in the dystonic brain. It appears worthwhile for patients to search for possible sensory tricks.
Mobility dependent feedback scheme for point-to-point MIMO systems

A MIMO diversity scheme that utilizes varying amounts of channel state information (CSI) for mobile users is presented. CSI at the transmitter is obtained through a time-duplexed feedback channel, and thus by varying the periodicity of feedback intervals, an optimal balance is struck between obtaining accurate CSI and minimizing the overhead of uplink transmission. The optimal feedback amount is shown to have a strong dependence on the user's average SNR and Doppler spread. The proposed solution optimally switches between beamforming and orthogonal space-time block coding and has negligible loss of performance with respect to more complex optimal schemes.
An Enhanced Protocol for Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy II: A Case Series

Purpose The initial version of Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT I) consisted of a single exercise. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility for future trials of an expanded and restructured protocol designed to increase the efficacy of CIAT I. Method The subjects were 4 native English speakers with chronic stroke who exhibited characteristics of moderate Broca's aphasia. Treatment was carried out for 3.5 hr/day for 15 consecutive weekdays. It consisted of 3 components: (a) intensive training by a behavioral method termed shaping using a number of expressive language exercises in addition to the single original language card game, (b) strong discouragement of attempts to use gesture or other nonverbal means of communication, and (c) a transfer package of behavioral techniques to promote transfer of treatment gains from the laboratory to real-life situations. Results Participation in speech in the life situation improved significantly after treatment. The effect sizes (i.e., d′) in this domain ...
A report on teflon.

Summary Seventy cases treated using Teflon implants between May 1961 and August 1964 have been discussed. The distribution as regards age, sex, sites of implantation, and indication for operation are tabulated. The complications arising in eighteen cases are presented in detail and provide the subject matter for this report and the conclusions drawn therefrom.
Effects of oil ingestion on lipoprotein fatty acids in man.

SUMMARY This report describes preliminary clinical investigations on the influence of safflower and olive oil ingestion on (a) the lipid composition of the major serum lipoprotein classes, (b) the fatty acid composition of the lipoprotein lipids, and (c) the fatty acid composition of the ultracentrifugal protein residue fraction. Significant glyceride increases occurred in the Sf 20-105 and the high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Fatty acid composition changes occurred in the glyceride moieties of the Sf 20-105, Sf 0-20, and HDL fractions. Marked alterations in the composition of the fatty acids associated with the ultracentrifugal protein residue fraction occurred following oil ingestion. The origin of the HDL lipid following oil ingestion is discussed in relation to the metabolism of the Sf 20-105 lipoproteins.
Linear momentum quantization in periodic structures II

Abstract Fraunhofer interference of a single particle by a periodic array of scatterers, usually treated with a wave picture, can be fully explained on the basis of linear momentum quantization, as pointed out in a previous study by Van Vliet (1967) [4] . This analysis is now extended to scattering (or passing through slits) involving a finite number N of equidistantly spaced entities comprising the interferometer. The usual intensity probability distribution for W ( sin θ ) is obtained, noting that total momentum is conserved (as in the Compton effect), while the interferometer is treated as a quantum object—rather than a classical measuring apparatus, as perceived in the Copenhagen interpretation. Various aspects of the ‘orthodox view’ are examined and renounced.
Does Pre-Conditioning Improve Bone Quality in the Juvenile Racehorse?

Abstract Sixteen Quarter Horse-type geldings were used to determine the effectiveness of a pre-conditioning program on altering bone density in young horses prior to race training. The pre-conditioning program began when the average age of the horses was 15 mo. Horses were exercised on a high speed treadmill for 14 wk and were subsequently placed into race training. Changes in density of the third metacarpal bone were determined via radiographic densitometry throughout preconditioning and the race training regimen. Gain in total bone volume was greater in the group exercised during the pre-conditioning phase. Also, the pattern of bone density in different locations indicated that the exercised group might have been preferentially laying down more bone in the dorsal and medial cortices and less bone in the palmar cortex to achieve altered bone shape. Initiation of race training appeared to limit gains in bone density in comparison with the pre-conditioning phase.
Affinity of Cu+ for the Copper-Binding Domain of the Amyloid-β Peptide of Alzheimer’s Disease

The role of metal ions in Alzheimer's disease etiology is unresolved. For the redox-active metal ions iron and copper, the formation of reactive oxygen species by metal amyloid complexes has been proposed to contribute to Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration. For copper, reactive oxygen species are generated by copper redox cycling between its 1+ and 2+ oxidation states. Thus, the AβCu(I) complex is potentially a critical reactant associated with Alzheimer's disease etiology. Through competitive chelation, we have measured the affinity of the soluble copper-binding domain of the amyloid-β peptide for Cu(I). The dissociation constants are in the femtomolar range for both wild-type and histidine-to-alanine mutants. These results indicate that Cu(I) binds more tightly to monomeric amyloid-β than Cu(II) does, which leads us to propose that Cu(I) is a relevant in vivo oxidation state.
Development of Crambus trisectus at Controlled Constant Temperatures in the Laboratory

Eggs, larvae, and pupae of Crambus trisectus (Walker) were reared at controlled constant temperatures in the laboratory. Eggs were incubated at temperatures between 34 and 90°F. Eggs failed to hatch at and below 50°F. They hatched in 29.0 and 5.4 days at 57° and 90°F, respectively. Larvae and pupae were reared at 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90°F. Larvae failed to pupate at 65° and pupated in 58.7 and 29.1 days at 70 and 90°F, respectively. Duration of the pupal stage was 25.8 and 7.8 days at 65 and 90°F, respectively. The average number of degree-days required for a generation, calculated on the basis of mean duration of the life cycle between 70 and 90°F, was 1505; that calculated on the basis of minimum duration was 1271. Two complete generations and a partial 3rd generation are possible for C. trisectus in central Illinois.
Rural providers' access to online resources: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: The research determined the usage and satisfaction levels with one of two point-of-care (PoC) resources among health care providers in a rural state. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, twenty-eight health care providers in rural areas were stratified by occupation and region, then randomized into either the DynaMed or the AccessMedicine study arm. Study participants were physicians, physician assistants, and nurses. A pre- and post-study survey measured participants’ attitudes toward different information resources and their information-seeking activities. Medical student investigators provided training and technical support for participants. Data analyses consisted of analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t tests, and Cohen’s d statistic to compare pre- and post-study effects sizes. Results: Participants in both the DynaMed and the AccessMedicine arms of the study reported increased satisfaction with their respective PoC resource, as expected. Participants in both arms also reported that they saved time in finding needed information. At baseline, both arms reported too little information available, which increased to ‘‘about right amounts of information’’ at the completion of the study. DynaMed users reported a Cohen’s d increase of þ1.50 compared to AccessMedicine users’ reported use of 0.82. DynaMed users reported d2 satisfaction increases of 9.48 versus AccessMedicine satisfaction increases of 0.59 using a Cohen’s d. Conclusion: Participants in the DynaMed arm of the study used this clinically oriented PoC more heavily than the users of the textbook-based AccessMedicine. In terms of user satisfaction, DynaMed users reported higher levels of satisfaction than the users of AccessMedicine.
Thoughts on the problems concerned with Subject Trainer

Active thoughts, from the points of view of the researcher for the subject training instruction and practitioner, further illustrate the problems concerned with the role positioning, the implement of research practice and the study for the training instruction.
Infections of the hand.

Summary Important developments in the past 10 years include the use of improved prophylactic antibiotics, anesthetic techniques, jet pulsatile lavage, closed irrigation techniques, postoperative therapy, and splinting. The basic principles of thorough debridement of necrotic and infected tissue and healing by secondary intention with elevation and splinting remain paramount in the treatment of the infected hand.