cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dephasing, dissipation, and the persistent current in a mesoscopic normal metal ring

Abstract The persistent current in a mesoscopic normal metal ring is studied using the model of an electron coupled to an infinite set of harmonic oscillators. For the case of ohmic dissipation, the quantum interference is suppressed and the persistent current destroyed.
The Energies of Alpha and Gamma Rays

It has been suggested that the writer should discuss the need for the atomic energy levels which he has recently proposed and their relation to previous work more fully. The summary way in which the theory was presented was partly due to the first papers on the subject having been returned, so that a later paper, intended to appear after the earlier papers, was rather unexpectedly published first. A brief preliminary account had been published in the ‘Physical Review,’ so when the earlier papers were rewritten much of the earlier work, showing how the theory arose, was omitted. According to Gamow’s theory, the gamma ray energies are equal to differences between the energy levels of an alpha particle in the nucleus, and these alpha particle levels are equal to the differences between the higher disintegration energies and the lowest or normal disintegration energy. Thus on Gamow’s theory the gamma and alpha energies depend only on the nucleus and are in no way related to the electronic energy levels. There are, however, several reasons for believing that the gamma and alpha energies, contrary to Gamow’s view, involve electronic energies. These reasons have been mentioned in previous papers, but it seems to be worth while to bring them together here.
The use of RNA:DNA ratios to predict growth limitation of juvenile summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) from Delaware and North Carolina estuaries

Nutritional indices were used to develop biochemical correlates of feeding and growth rates for juvenile summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus), from North Carolina (NC) and Delaware (DE). Six parameters (Fulton's condition K=104xweight/(length3), wet weight/dry weight, [protein], [RNA], [DNA], and RNA:DNA) were related to feeding and growth rates of fish from previously reported 10 to 14-d experiments at temperatures ranging from 2 to 20 °C with varying feeding levels (0 to 100% and libitum). RNA:DNA ratios were the best predictors of growth rates, but inclusion of a temperature term improved the relationship between RNA:DNA ratios and growth rate for Delaware fish. Feeding rates were poorly correlated with all parameters. RNA:DNA ratios of fish in the laboratory changed significantly within 1 d of starvation and refeeding at 16 °C. RNA:DNA of juvenile summer flounder collected from one site in Indian River Bay, DE and two sites in the Newport River Estuary, NC, between January and June 1992 were used to estimate in situ growth rates following settlement. Predicted growth rates in both estuaries were close to maximum (suggesting ad libitum feeding) until early May. Growth rates of juveniles from Delaware were <0% d-1 from December through early March, and were higher (0.6 to 3% d-1) from April through early June. However, growth rates of DE juveniles during May were <50% of maxinum. North Carolina juveniles had growth rates of 2 to 5% d-1 from February through early April. Juveniles from one of the Newport River sites (a marsh habitat) were also severely growth limited (<20% of maximum) after April. Prolonged periods of sub-optimal growth may be important to survival and recruitment of juvenile summer flounder in northern mid-Atlantic estuaries. A model is presented which illustrates the potential impact that small changes in temperature and growth limitation can have on recruitment success in both delaware and North Carolina estuaries.
Micromachining single crystal materials using a tetrahedral space frame machining centre

Micromachining of semiconductor materials is of critical importance to electronic industries that rely on the removal of material from single crystals. Traditional methods use grinding and polishing techniques to remove material with variable material removal rates. In this paper, the process of pulsed water drop machining is explained along with the development of a tetrahedral machine tool that specifically absorbs dynamic and regenerative vibrations that prevent microcracks from expanding during the micromachining operation. The paper also explains the nature of impact damage and reveals the beneficial effect of the nature of the Rayleigh wave that allows material to be removed from the surface of the substrate material, in this case single crystal materials.
Molecular diffusion with a moving boundary and spherical symmetry

Abstract The differential equations governing the dissolution or growth of a sphere of finite initial radius controlled by mass diffusion are derived for the case where the density of the solution is a linear function of solvent concentration. The equations take into consideration the effects of the moving boundary and the resulting radial convective transport. The results of the numerical solution of these equations, for several cases of dissolution are presented in graphical form. Both sphere radius versus time, and concentration as a function of radial distance at various times are plotted in dimensionless form. Examination of the results show that the boundary movement can have a large effect on the rate of sphere dissolution in some cases.
INTRINSIC MAGNETIC FIELDS OF THE PLANETS: MERCURY TO NEPTUNE

In the past three decades, studies of the magnetic fields of Earth’s Moon and all the planets, except for Pluto, have been conducted by spacecraft of the U.S.A. and of Venus and Mars by the former U.S.S.R. Among the terrestrial planets, only Mercury (Mariner 10: 1974 and 1975) is globally magnetized while the Moon and Venus are unmagnetized. The situation at Mars is still unclear, but if any global field exists, it is quite small. In 1979, Pioneer 11 discovered a magnetic field and radiation belt at Saturn, further elaborated on by Voyagers 1 (1980) and 2 (1981). Pioneers 10 (1974) and 11 (1975) and Voyagers 1 (1979) and 2 (1979) examined in detail the magnetic field of Jupiter, which had been inferred initially and studied remotely due to its non-thermal radio emissions in the late 1950s. Jupiter’s magnetic field is much stronger than Earth’s and distinctly nondipolar close to the planet. Saturn has a much weaker field than Jupiter, and it is surprisingly axisymmetric (to degree n = 3) with respect to its rotation axis. The Voyager fly-bys of Uranus and Neptune in 1986 and 1989 discovered global magnetic fields and trapped energetic particle radiation belts. Both Uranus and Neptune display remarkably similar magnetic fields (quite different from Jupiter, Saturn and Earth). In an astrophysical sense, Uranus and Neptune are described as oblique rotators because of the large angular offset of their magnetic axes from their rotation axes (59° and 47°). Additionally, their magnetic ‘centres’ are displaced by substantial fractions of a planetary radius (0.31 R U and 0.55 R N ). This paper summarizes our present knowledge of the quantitative characteristics of the magnetic fields of these planets
Mathematical and CAD framework for proximity correction

Fast lithography simulation and its use in optical proximity correction (OPC) is the topic of this paper. We summarize a model-based OPC system which uses simulation in a feedback loop to generate corrections to the mask. At the heart of our OPC system are tools for fast simulation of the optical and process physics of lithography. For image simulation, we apply a sum of coherent systems approximation to Hopkins partial coherence model and then use lookup tables for high speed sparse image simulation over arbitrary mask geometry. Image intensity simulation at a single point is achieved with O(Me) computation where Me is the number of polygon edges in a region surrounding the point. This allows more than 10,000 aerial image points per second and mask image perturbation speeds of 51,000 points per second on an HP700 workstation. A simplified physically based, empirically parameterized resist model is then used to determine edge placements, given the image intensity samples. Together, these systems make up a 'process-tuned' simulation model which can be used for OPC. The accuracy of the overall model is shown by comparing to empirical measurement data. By integrating the fast simulation tools with our OPC system, we can correct a 48 X 27 micrometers 2 area in 6 iterations at 96 sec/iteration.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Isolation and characterization of the third and fifth components of rabbit complement

Abstract Highly purified rabbit C3 and C5 have been obtained from normal rabbit plasma by differential precipitation and column chromatography. Apparent molecular weights of the two proteins as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 176,500 (C3) and 171,000 (C5), whereas reduction of the samples prior to electrophoresis allowed estimation of the molecular weights of the α and β subunit chains of each protein at 123,000 and 70,100 for C3 and 128,500 and 88,000 for C5. Serum concentrations as determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis were 1.2 mg/ml for C3 and 0.2 mg/ml for C5, whereas hemolytic activities of C3 and C5 in normal rabbit serum were 2.4 × 1010 and 3.2 × 1010 effective molecules per ml, respectively. Amino acid analyses of the C3 and C5 preparations indicated similar but not identical amino acid compositions of the the two rabbit proteins, but there were no unusual amino acids or other features of the composition. Monospecific antisera to each of the two complement components were obtained in goats by immunization with the purified material.
Baseline Scintigraphic Abnormalities by Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Predict Echocardiographic Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background Significant myocardial scar in the posterolateral left ventricle (LV) has been associated with a diminished response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with coronary artery disease, but the effects of resting perfusion abnormalities in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) are yet to be described. Hypothesis We sought to characterize the effect of myocardial perfusion abnormalities upon echocardiographic outcomes of CRT in patients with NICM. Methods Twenty-one patients (mean age 64.4 ± 13.3; 71.4% male; mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 20.2 ± 6.9%) with NICM who underwent CRT implantation and Thallium-201 single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were included. MPI studies were read quantitatively, assigning each of 17 myocardial segments a perfusion score (0–4) and cumulatively generating a summed perfusion score (SPS). The LV lead position was determined by chest radiography. Echocardiograms were performed both before and after (median 12 mo) CRT in 15 patients. Results Echocardiographic response, defined as ≥ 15% relative increase in LVEF, was documented in 8 (53.3%) of 15 patients. All patients (5/5) with an SP ⩽6 responded to CRT, whereas only 30.0% (3/10) with an SPS ≥ 6 responded (odds ratio 3.33 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.29-8.59]; p = 0.01). All nonresponders had inferior perfusion defects. Defect density adjacent to the LV lead tip had little demonstrable effect upon CRT efficacy. Conclusions The presence of significant myocardial perfusion defects negatively influences echocardiographic response to CRT in NICM. These findings warrant prospective confirmation and histopathological correlation with explanted hearts. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flow in Duct Downstream of a Steam Turbine Bypass Valve

The main goal of this study is to investigate the evaporation process of a coolant (water droplets) which is injected through spray nozzles mounted on a steam turbine bypass pipeline in a co-generator system. The study includes several important factors: (1) the effects of four elbows on the flow pattern and evaporation process of the water particles, (2) heat transfer that affects the steam temperature and also the evaporation rates, and (3) the effects of a perforated plate on the flow pattern and evaporation process. The investigation of the structure of liquid spray jets during the transition into the gaseous phase was accomplished by developing a physical model of a particle tracking technique to investigate evaporation processes of the liquid droplets in a highly turbulent flow. Through this research, numerous data have been acquired and analyzed for heat transfer mechanisms of the evaporation of the water droplets in the pipeline system along with the cooling of the steam flow. The results of the computations were verified by comparing them with theoretical models, and were shown to be quite reliable.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Detecting Nonpalpable Recurrent Breast Cancer: The Role of Routine Mammographic Screening of Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Reconstructions

Purpose: To perform a retrospective cohort study to determine the rates of recall and cancer detection and then to develop a decision analytic model to evaluate the effectiveness of routine screening of transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstructions. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board, and the methods comply with HIPAA regulations. A retrospective search of the institutional mammographic results database was done to identify bilateral screening mammographic examinations obtained from January 1, 1999, through July 15, 2005. The search included the term TRAM; the recall and cancer detetion rates were then detected. Subsequently, a decision analytic model was constructed to evaluate a hypothetical cohort of women with TRAM flap reconstructions. Results: Of 554 mammograms (265 TRAM flap reconstructions), 546 (98.6%) had negative results (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 1 or 2). Eight (1.4%) had positive test results (Breast ...
Connecting the Past to the Present in the Middle-Level Classroom: A Comparative Case Study.

This comparative case study examines the manner in which 2 middle-level social studies teachers established connections between the past and the present within their curriculums. The teachers who participated in this project worked in different school districts: one teaching a 7th-grade U.S. History curriculum and the other teaching a 6th-grade Global Studies curriculum. Data were obtained through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and the collection of instructional artifacts. This study employed a conceptualization of a history curriculum for democratic citizenship as the framework for critique of each of the past/present connections made by the participating teachers. Analysis of the data explored how some forms of past/present connections enabled students to use their understanding of the past to apprehend and act for the common good in the present, while others fell short of this ultimate goal.
Thermal Direct Mastering Technique Using a Deep UV Laser

The new mastering technique directly formed patterns in an organic material by heat was developed, and a high-density ROM disc of 100 GB recording capacity could be mastered applying a deep UV laser.
Implantation of Streptococcus mutans on tooth surfaces in man.

Abstract Streptomycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus mutans were implanted as adherent growth on artificial fissures (AF). A stock culture of strain E49 (serotype a) and human isolates of serotype c strains were each implanted in three subjects. The AF was retained in the occlusal surface of a tooth for 80–288 h, during which occlusal samples from the AF and salivary samples were regularly cultured, as well as AF itself when removed from the mouth. The streptomycin-resistant marker appeared stable in vitro and in vivo . Strain E49 failed to establish, as the colony-forming units (CFU) of this organism decreased with time in the AF to low or undetectable levels. At the same time, the AF became colonized by the indigenous flora including streptomycin-sensitive strains of Strep. mutans . The implanted serotype c strains of Strep. mutans seemed to establish; the CFU of these strains in the AF did not appreciably decrease with time in vivo . This suggests that serotype c strains possess a unique advantage over a stock culture of a serotype a strain in their ability to implant in the human mouth using the AF model. Although the implanted Strep. mutans strains were always found in the saliva when their numbers exceeded 10 5 CFU in the AF, they were rare when the level was below 10 5 CFU. In samples from the AF orifice, implanted Strep. mutans was only detected on 5 of 18 occasions, when these strains were demonstrably present within the AF.
Validity of testing alanine aminotransferase in refrigerated whole blood.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was tested in the sera and plasma of in- line segments as well as the main bags of whole blood units collected from blood donors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of enzyme activity during blood storage when the analysis of ALT is postponed over weekends or holidays. In addition, when validation of a particular result is requested, an in-line segment may be convenient for confirmatory testing. While a dilutional effect was found, the anticoagulant in the main collection bag was not shown to have affected enzyme activity. During storage the mean enzyme concentration decreased. Appropriate plasma ALT cutoffs for respective time periods during storage were calculated to compensate for downward drift. This correction prevented the use of the blood units (40% of total) that would erroneously have appeared transfusable if the serum cutoff had been used. If the Day 0 plasma cutoff was used throughout the total storage time period, 14 percent of the blood would erroneously have appeared transfusable.
Metabolism in the human of 3, 4-dihydroxymandelic acid, one of the metabolites of noradrenaline and adrenaline.

Abstract Five normal human subjects were used. Three subjects were infused with 250 μc of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid 2- 14 C (DOMA) (sp. act., 17 mc/m-mole) over a period of 1 hr and two were injected i.v. over l min. Urine was collected at 10-min intervals for 1 hr after the 1-min injection and hourly after the 1-hr infusion for 6 hr, and then at 12 hr and at 24 hr. By using a special procedure and system herein described, the various metabolic products of DOMA were separated and identified and their radioactivity was measured. Within 24 hr after a 1-hr infusion of DOMA, 95·3 ± 1.2 per cent of the total radioactivity was recovered and 72·3 ± 0·6 per cent after a 1-min injection of DOMA. Results after the 1-hr infusion indicate that 17·7 ± 2·5 per cent of the infused (circulating) DOMA is recovered as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid, 7·7 ± 1·4 per cent as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2·0 ± 0·7 per cent as vanillic acid acid in 24 hr; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was present in trace amounts. Several unknown metabolites of DOMA were isolated, but not identified. Radioactive protocatechuic aldehyde was found in the urine, but was shown to be a degradation product of DOMA-2- 14 C rather than a metabolic product.
Evidence-Based Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common cause of leg and back pain. It typically affects individuals beyond 60 years of age. This group is expanding. The current segment of 60 to 80-year-old individuals also has higher functional expectations and is more active than previous generations. As such, there is growing demand for effective treatment. In the USA Medicare population, rates of surgery for spinal stenosis have been increasing. Geographic trends in treatment have been inconsistent. For these reasons, the demand for high quality evidence regarding treatment of this disorder has risen. This article briefly reviews the evidence regarding diagnosis and nonoperative management, as well as the best outcome measurement tools to evaluate this disorder. It then reviews several of the best evidence studies regarding the utility of surgical and nonsurgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis.
Responsivity Calibration of the QUIET Q-band Array

The Q/U Imaging ExperimenT (QUIET), a ground-based experiment located in the Atacama Desert in Chile, measures the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). In Phase I, it measures the CMB polarization at angular scales of 25 (see manuscript) l (see manuscript) 1000 using radiometer arrays in the Q (44 GHz) and W (95 GHz) frequency bands. The Q-band and W-band receivers of Phase I of the QUIET instrument contain 2 and 6 total power modules (TT modules), and 17 and 84 polarization modules respectively. Responsivities for the TT modules are obtained primarily from Jupiter and skydip measurements, using Jupiter as the absolute calibrator and the more frequent skydip measurements to track short time-scale fluctuations over the course of the season. Responsivities for the polarization modules are obtained from Tau A, relative measurements from the Moon, a polarizing wire-grid, and skydips. Skydips are used to track the responsivity of the polarization modules on a shorter time-scale.
Ultrastructure of the chorion and its micropyle apparatus in the mature Fundulus heteroclitus (Walbaum) ovum

The ovum ‘membranes’ and the micropyle apparatus of mature, extruded ova of Fundulus heteroclitus were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The ovum is covered by a thin jelly coat comprised of a dense mat of 0.3-0.5 urn fibrils, except for a 50–100 um fibril-free zone surrounding the micropyle apparatus. The micropyle apparatus consists of a 50–100 um diameter funnel-shaped vestibule, at the bottom of which is a circular aperture 4–5 μ in diameter leading to the micropyle canal which traverses the entire chorion layer. The inner micropyle aperture, 2–3 um diameter, apposes the inner ovoplasm mass. The chorion is the major protective coating of the ovum. It consists of a thin (0.4 μm) outer zone, a thicker (9–12 μ), lamellated inner zone with 4–10 lamellae, and sometimes an innermost crystalline zone, varying in thickness from 1–13 μm. The extreme variability in the structure of the lamellated and crystalline zones of the chorion suggests that generalizations concerning ovum membranes can be misleading.
Studies of up-regulation of androgen receptors in genital skin fibroblasts.

Abstract Prolonged exposure of genital skin fibroblasts (GSF) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases androgen receptor binding of steroid, a process termed ‘up-regulation’. Because the extent of up-regulation appears to be quite variable, we have investigated the optimal conditions and the molecular mechanisms that control this phenomenon in seven strains of normal neonatal GSF. When GSF were incubated for 1–48 h with 3 nM methyltrienolone (R1881), maximal up-regulation was reached by 20 h and remained constant thereafter. With DHT, rapid steroid metabolism required replenishment of DHT for maximum up-regulation. Up-regulation levels following 20 h incubation with DHT (including steroid replenishment) and R1881 were 2.07-fold (range = 1.1–3.3) and 2.35-fold (range = 1.86–3.33), respectively. The greater variability observed with DHT may be related to variable rates of steroid catabolism among cell strains. Half-maximal up-regulation was attained at 0.29 nM R1881, which approximates the Kd. Maximal up-regulation was reached only with continuous exposure to R1881 for 24 h. It was completely inhibited by actinomycin D (0.5 μg/ml) or cycloheximide (10 μg/ml). Following up-regulation, removal of R1881 for 24 h resulted in a highly variable decline of androgen receptors among cell strains. Maximal up-regulation could be reinduced by exposure to R1881 again for an additional 24 h. During up-regulation, androgen receptor levels in nuclei and nuclear matrix rose with increments comparable to those obtained in whole cells. We conclude that the extent of up-regulation and its rate of decline differ greatly among normal cell strains. Hence, its study in cells of patients with androgen insensitivity may have limited value. Our data showed that up-regulation requires DNA transcription and protein synthesis. Receptor stabilization is also involved, as continuous presence of steroid is required for full up-regulation. Finally, our results suggest that up-regulation plays a role in the high affinity binding of androgen receptors hi the nuclear matrix.
Surface-induced dissociation in tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers: A comparison of three designs

Three different devices that-can be used for surface-induced dissociation (SID) m tandem quadrupole instruments are compared here. The designs were compared by examining the fragmentation of several compounds including benzene, W(CO)6, and (CH3)4N+. These studies show that SID can be readily implemented on a variety of tandem quadrupoIe instruments and that the spectra obtained with the in-line and 90° instruments are similar. Evidence is presented that confirms that high average internal energies and narrow distributions of internal energy are available by this technique. Efficiencies for fragmentation of odd-electron ions are on the order of those previously reported by others. The overall SID efficiency for even-electron ions is higher than that for odd-electron ions of similar structure.
Suppression of adult copulatory behaviors following LiCl‐induced aversive contingencies in juvenile male rats

Sexually immature juvenile male rats received an injection of .3 M (20 ml/kg) lithium chloride (LiCl) during each of 8-10 pairings (spaced at 2-3-day intervals) with an estrous female. Approximately seven weeks later, these males displayed fewer copulatory behaviors in pairings with estrous females than saline control rats. Noncontingent .3 M LiCl injections administered to juvenile males did not affect adult copulatory behaviors. Males that were either group or individually housed during the retention interval displayed comparable suppression, which suggests that copulatory suppression does not represent a generalized aversion to social interactions with another animal. Males housed during the retention interval in an environment that contained the odors of estrous females also displayed suppression comparable to that of males housed in the absence of such odors. This suggests that the associations that mediate copulatory suppression are not elicited solely by the odor cues of estrous females. These data demonstrate that LiCl-induced aversive contingencies in juvenile male rats subsequently suppress adult copulatory behaviors.
SU-C-144-07: Maximally Spaced Projection Sequencing in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose: Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is a projection based imaging modality that noninvasively provides 3D images of absolute oxygen concentration (pO2) in vivo with excellent spatial and pO2 resolution. When studying physiologic parameters, such as tissue pO2, in living animals, the situation is inherently dynamic. This may be due to physical movement during imaging leading to artifacts or physiologically relevant temporal changes in pO2 (i.e. acute hypoxia). In order to properly study such a dynamic system, improvements in temporal resolution and experimental versatility are necessary. Methods: For projection based imaging, uniformly distributed projections Result in efficient use of data for image reconstruction. This has led to the current equal-solid-angle (ESA) spacing of projections for EPRI. However, acquisition sequencing must still be optimized in order to achieve uniformity throughout imaging. An object-independent method for uniform acquisition of projections, using the ESA distribution for the final set of projections, is presented. Each successive projection is selected in such a way as to minimize the electrostatic potential energy between itself and prior projections, when projection direction points are considered to be point charges on the unit sphere. Results: This maximally spaced projection sequencing (MSPS) method significantly improves image quality for intermediate images reconstructed from incomplete projection sets. This enables useful real-time reconstruction. Additionally, the MSPS method provides improved experimental versatility, reduced artifacts, and the ability to adjust temporal resolution post factum to best fit the data and its application. Conclusion: The MSPS method in EPRI provides necessary improvements in order to more appropriately image and study physiologic changes in a dynamic system. This work was supported by grants from the NIH (P41 EB002034 and R01 CA98575).
The other-publics: Mediated othering and the public sphere in the Dreyfus Affair

This article analyses mediated invocations of ‘the people’ or ‘the public’ in the Dreyfus Affair, and orients this historical analysis towards contemporary debates on public spheres and digital media. If the ideal Habermasian public sphere never historically existed, how did the ‘imperfect’ public spheres of the past nevertheless contribute to democratic political participation? The late 19th century is a particularly salient point of comparison, being a time of transition from one set of media technologies and notions of publics to another. Focusing on newspapers, posters and other printbased communicative practices, I identify two general and consistent modes by which the ‘other-public’ is produced: (1) the ‘other’ audience as the target of persuasion, influence and commentary, and (2) the speaker as a distinct ‘other’ from the crowd. This othering was not a pathological barrier to ‘full participation’, but a constitutive part of publicity in an age of nascent mass media.
Regulation of the let-7a-3 Promoter by NF-κB

Changes in microRNA expression have been linked to a wide array of pathological states. However, little is known about the regulation of microRNA expression. The let-7 microRNA is a tumor suppressor that inhibits cellular proliferation and promotes differentiation, and is frequently lost in tumors. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of two let-7 family members, let-7a-3 and let-7b, which form a microRNA cluster and are located 864 bp apart on chromosome 22q13.31. Previous reports present conflicting data on the role of the NF-κB transcription factor in regulating let-7. We cloned three fragments upstream of the let-7a-3/let-7b miRNA genomic region into a plasmid containing a luciferase reporter gene. Ectopic expression of subunits of NF-κB (p50 or p65/RelA) significantly increased luciferase activity in HeLa, 293, 293T and 3T3 cells, indicating that the let-7a-3/let-7b promoter is highly responsive to NF-κB. Mutation of a putative NF-κB binding site at bp −833 reduced basal promoter activity and decreased promoter activity in the presence of p50 or p65 overexpression. Mutation of a second putative binding site, at bp −947 also decreased promoter activity basally and in response to p65 induction, indicating that both sites contribute to NF-κB responsiveness. While the levels of the endogenous primary let-7a and let-7b transcript were induced in response to NF-κB overexpression in 293T cells, the levels of fully processed, mature let-7a and let-7b miRNAs did not increase. Instead, levels of Lin-28B, a protein that blocks let-7 maturation, were induced by NF-κB. Increased Lin-28B levels could contribute to the lack of an increase in mature let-7a and let-7b. Our results suggest that the final biological outcome of NF-κB activation on let-7 expression may vary depending upon the cellular context. We discuss our results in the context of NF-κB activity in repressing self-renewal and promoting differentiation.
How does the heart (not) die? The role of autophagy in cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cell death

Autophagy plays a critical and seemingly dual-purposed role in cardiomyocytes, being implicated as a mechanism of both cellular survival, for example, during ischemia/reperfusion injury and a mechanism of cell death at stages in which progressive myocyte alterations are beyond repair. This review aims to highlight the current literature as it relates to autophagy in cardiomyocytes. It provides background into the mechanisms of cell death, discusses the details that are known about the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy, delves into the pathways that are known to initiate and inhibit autophagy, and comments on the role of autophagy in cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cell death.
Accuracy of PCA3 Measurement in Predicting Short-Term Biopsy Progression in an Active Surveillance Program

Purpose: PCA3 is a prostate specific noncoding mRNA that is significantly over expressed in prostate cancer tissue. Urinary PCA3 levels have been associated with prostate cancer grade and extent, suggesting a possible role in monitoring patients on active surveillance. We assessed the relationship between PCA3 and prostate biopsy results in men in a surveillance program.Materials and Methods: Urine specimens were obtained from 294 men with prostate cancer enrolled in the Johns Hopkins surveillance program. The followup protocol included semiannual free and total prostate specific antigen measurements, digital rectal examination and annual surveillance prostate biopsy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between PCA3 results and progression on surveillance biopsy (defined as Gleason pattern 4 or 5, more than 2 positive biopsy cores or more than 50% involvement of any core with cancer).Results: Patients with progression on biopsy (12.9%) had a mean PCA3 score similar to ...
Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in a Captive Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)

A 3-yr-old secundiparous female ring-tailed lemur presented to the Auburn University Small Animal Clinic with signs of dyspnea, lethargy, and anorexia. The animal died before she could be examined, and a full necropsy was immediately performed. Provisional necropsy findings included moderate pneumonia and hepatopathy. Acute interstitial pneumonia and focal hepatocellular necrosis were confirmed histologically. Lung impression smears, histopathology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and tissue culture isolation resulted in a diagnosis of acute disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The isolate of T. gondii was avirulent for mice and was named AU Tg1 and genetically is type II. The source of the infection remains unclear, but speculation suggests contaminated fruit or blackbirds (Passeriformes: Icteridae) acting as transport hosts for oocysts from nondomestic felids and feral cats on the property.
What lies beyond uranus? Preconceptions, ignorance, serendipity and suppressors in the search for biology's secrets.

DISULFIDE bonds in proteins—how these bonds are formed, how they are cleaved, and how they participate in protein folding—have become my passion over the past 25 years. During this period, the discoveries in my lab in this very biochemical realm have come largely from genetic approaches. Many
Triangulations in CAGD

Triangulations, which play an important role in approximation theory, finite-element methods, numerical analysis, and computer-aided geometric design (CAGD), are defined. Triangulations in the plane, in space, and on the surface of a sphere are discussed. The storing and construction of triangulations are also discussed. >
Observations on the Cyclic Nucleotide Concentrations in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the concentrations of 3′,5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3′,5′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, or both, are increased by melanotropic peptides and catechol amines, and by cholinergic agents. The present study measured the concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, and melanotropic activity in the CSF of normal patients and in 136 subjects with various neurologic diseases. In normal lumbar CSF, concentrations (ave ± SD) were: cAMP, 21 ± 8 mM; cGMP, 2.4 ± 0.5 mM; melanotropic activity, 17 ± 6 units/100 ml. Concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, and melanotropic activity did not differ significantly (P < .05) from normal in the following categories of adult and pediatric patients: back pain due to vertebral disease; seizures, headache or vertigo of unknown cause; cerebral atrophy; cerebral vascular disease; and brain tumor or subdural hematoma not causing increased ventricular pressure. Nine children with retarded psychomotor develop...
A Split-Operator, Finite-Difference Solution for Axisymmetric Laminar-Jet Biffusion Flames

A split-operator numerical method is developed to solve the steady laminar diffusion flame problem. Splitting the chemical kinetic terms from the fluid-mechanical terms ameliorates some of the difficulties associated with the disparate time scales and stiffness in the set of equations which describes highly exothermic diffusion flames. Implicit differencing methods enhance the numerical stability of both operators. Special care is taken to maintain the accuracy of the solution, and the coordinate system is varied continuously to follow the flame shape. The present method allows a detailed study of the complex interaction between the fluid mechanics and the finite-rate chemical kinetics in a flame. Cpk = Dk g Nomenclature constant-pressure heat capacity of the gas mixture constant-pressure heat capacity of the kth species trace diffusion coefficient of kth species acceleration due to gravity enthalpy of species A: per unit mass number of radial nodes number of species pressure radial dimension universal gas constant, ergs/mole-K source term in general transport equation temperature axial velocity radial velocity transformed radial velocity formation rate of kth species by chemical reaction molecular weight of kth species axial dimension mass fraction of kth species coordinate spread angle transformed axial dimension origin of coordinate system referenced to nozzle exit transport coefficient in general transport equation conductivity transformed radial coordinate mass density of the gas mixture viscosity chemical symbol for kth species J K p r R S T u v V &k Wk x Yk a £0 e X rj p fjL Xk Subscripts I = axial node index j ' • = radial node index & — species index n — reaction index e = edge condition
Persistence in infinite-dimensional systems

The concept of persistence reflects the survival of all components of a model ecosystem. Most of the results to date are restricted to ordinary differential equations or to dynamics on locally compact spaces. The concept is investigated here in the setting of a $C^0 $-semigroup which is asymptotically smooth. Since the equations of population dynamics often involve delays or diffusion this seems the appropriate setting. Conditions are placed on the flow on the boundary which, given the presence of a global attractor provided by the assumption of dissipativeness and asymptotic smoothness, are necessary and sufficient for persistence.
Better Bowling: A Doing‐With Approach for Design Studio Instruction and Public Scholarship

This paper considers collaboration between design students and local communities to describe a doing-with model for design studio instruction. By doing-with, we mean direct exchanges between university design students and local communities that draw from genuine community needs to provide the basis for studio projects. This differs from traditional design studio approaches in which projects are often based on imagined programs or altered real-world situations. In the absence of predetermined programs, this method emphasizes design as process in the delivery of design as product. Projects and solutions emerge from the real needs of the local citizenry. As the examples below will show, a doing-with approach allows community representatives to determine the direction a project takes. This approach actively deploys students to energize a sense of community when they design projects that local residents launch. The give and take of the exchanges between university students and local residents generates design solutions that fit the local context. The doing-with approach to actual design projects in existing neighborhoods also promotes an amenable way to generate funding.
A Simple Approach to the Pricing of Bermudan Swaptions in the Multi-Factor Libor Market Model

This paper considers the pricing of Bermuda-style swaptions in the Libor market model (Brace et al (1997), Jamshidian (1997), Miltersen et al (1997)) and its extensions (Andersen and Andreasen (1998)). Due to its large number of state variables, application of lattice methods to this model class is generally not feasible, and we instead focus on a simple technique to incorporate early exercise features into the Monte Carlo method. Our approach involves a direct search for an early exercise boundary parametrized in intrinsic value and the values of still-alive swaptions. We compare results of the proposed algorithm against prices obtained from Markov Chain approximations and finite difference methods. The proposed algorithm is fast and robust, and produces a lower bound on Bermuda swaption prices that appears to be very tight for many realistic structures. The paper contains several numerical results against which other methods can be tested.
The Notch of Harty (Pseudodefect of the Tibial Plafond): Frequency and Characteristic Findings at MRI of the Ankle.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to report the frequency and characteristic findings of the notch of Harty as seen on MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred six consecutive ankle MRI studies performed at 1.5 or 3 T were reviewed retrospectively by two radiologists. Findings relating to the notch of Harty and ankle joint were recorded and analyzed, including qualitative assessment of the presence of the notch, focal chondral thinning or focal subcortical osteosclerosis at the notch, notch width and depth, osteochondral lesions elsewhere in the ankle, subchondral edema signal or cystic change at the tibial plafond, and the presence of an ankle joint effusion. RESULTS. The study group of 106 patients consisted of 48 male and 58 female patients, with a mean age of 44.5 years (SD, 17.5 years). The notch was identified in 48 of 106 patients (45%) (24 male and 24 female patients; mean age, 43.1 years; range, 7–79 years). When present, the notch averaged 6.2 mm (SD, 1.6 mm) in width and 1.2 mm (SD, 0.5 mm...
Antigen presentation by macrophages from bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-resistant and -susceptible mice

We have compared the antigen-presenting capacity of macrophages from congenic BALB/c.Bcgr and BALB/c.Bcgs mice that differentially express MHC class II glycoproteins. Several different criteria were used to evaluate the presentation of a protein antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), including limiting the concentration of antigen or the numbers of macrophages, and using both native OVA and OVA peptide 323-339. No differences in the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr and Bcgs mice to present antigen to a OVA-specific T cell hybridoma were found. Splenic macrophages from BCG-infected congenic mice also induced an equivalent amount of IL-2 production by the T cell hybridoma. The relationship of these findings to other differences that have been attributed to Bcg are discussed.
Hot embossing in microfabrication. Part II: Rheological characterization and process analysis

The dynamic shear viscosity and the transient extensional viscosity of polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) were measured at temperatures near and far above their glass transition temperatures. The temperature sensitivity of rheological properties was used to explain the displacement curves during embossing. Numerical simulation of the embossing process was also carried out to compare with the observed polymer flow patterns. It was found that the simulated flow pattern during isothermal embossing agrees fairly well with the experimental observation. The deviation between the simulated and experimental results at the late stage of embossing may be due to air entrapment between the mold feature and the polymer substrate. For non-isothermal embossing, the observed flow pattern can also be reasonably simulated, i.e. the polymer flows upward along the wall of the heated mold feature, and then compresses downward and squeezes outward. Temperature sensitivity of the dynamic shear viscosity and the transient extensional viscosity is similar for all three polymers. This correlates well with the initial displacement curves in isothermal embossing. Over a longer time, the strain hardening effect of the transient extensional viscosity seems to play a major role in the displacement curves.
Adenosine Receptors are not Involved in Theophylline-Induced Seizures

One of the most dangerous aspects of theophylline toxicity is seizures. A review of the literature suggests that current anticonvulsant therapy remains far from optimal. As it is known that some of the pharmacologic effects of theophylline occur via antagonism of the adenosine A1 receptor, we tested the hypothesis that agonists acting at the adenosine A1 receptor can inhibit seizures caused by toxic doses of theophylline in mice. Dose-response curves were constructed for the ability of theophylline to produce tonic seizures in animals pre-treated with vehicle or several adenosine A1 receptor agonists. The LD50 (95% CI) for each dose-response curve was calculated. The results of these experiments showed that pretreatment with the direct-acting adenosine A1 agonists carbamazepine and cyclohexyladenosine and the indirect-acting agonist dipyridamole each failed to inhibit the ability of theophylline to cause tonic seizures (p > 0.05). Failure of these drugs to protect against theophylline-induced seizures sug...
Sexual behavior of single adult American women

Public policies promoting abstinence until marriage attempt to influence the sexual behavior of the more than 18 million American women who are currently single. An analysis of these womens behavior is needed to inform policies that are responsive to their sexual and reproductive health needs. Sexual behaviors risk factors and reproductive health needs were examined among a nationally representative sample of 6493 women aged 20-44 from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Paired t tests were used to assess differences among single married and cohabiting women by selected demographic behavioral and risk measures. Thirty-six percent of women aged 20-44 are single and nine in 10 single women are sexually experienced. Seventy percent of the latter women are currently sexually active; on average they had intercourse in seven of the last 12 months. A higher proportion of single women (22%) than of cohabiting (9%) or married women (2%) have had two or more partners in the past year and halfof single women are at risk of unintended pregnancy. Furthermore single women and cohabiting women are more likely to lack health insurance than are married women (21-25% vs. 12%). Because of the high level of sexual activity among single adult women providers must address their reproductive health care needs and offer appropriate counseling and services. Government policies aimed at encouraging adult women to have sex only within marriage appear out of touch with the reality of the sexual behavior of single women. (authors)
Lanthanides: Endohedral Fullerenes

While many elements have been encapsulated in fullerene cages, the rare earth endohedral fullerenes are by far the most studied. The rare earth endohedral fullerenes can exist in various forms, but this article focuses on the more extensively studied types such as monometallofullerenes, dimetallofullerenes, and cluster fullerenes. The covalent bonding of the rare earth elements or clusters to the carbon cage is an important feature. Just as important is the charge transfer from encapsulated species to the carbon cage, which gives the endohedral fullerenes interesting electronic properties. The electronic properties can lead to novel materials for electronic device fabrication. Medical applications for imaging are also being studied because the fullerene cage protects the organism from the potential toxicity of the free rare earth element. Keywords: rare earth; charge transfer; metallofullerene; nitride cluster; endohedral; isolated pentagon rule