cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 237: Gene expression profiling identifies Sulindac-resistant colon tumors

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Sulindac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with established chemopreventive efficacy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite its tumor suppressive effects, occasional resistance to this drug has been observed in clinical trials. To establish underlying mechanisms that may contribute to sulindac resistance, we have identified differentially expressed gene sets in two groups of colon tumors - those that respond to sulindac treatment and those that do not. Strain A mice were injected (ip) with azoxymethane (AOM) once per week for six weeks, followed by sulindac (180 ppm) treatment for an additional 15 weeks. Throughout the sulindac treatment period, tumor response was monitored endoscopically using a 3-mm fiber optic camera; tumor size and multiplicity were measured in situ every 3 weeks, allowing a real-time evaluation of tumor response to sulindac. At sacrifice, colons were removed and tumors were stratified according to size; large tumors (≥3 mm) were considered to be sulindac-resistant, whereas tumors ≤2 mm were classified as sulindac-responsive. Endoscopic measurements showed that presumed resistant tumors had an average doubling time of 0.9 ± 0.16 weeks, while sulindac-responsive tumors had an average doubling time of 4.0 ± 2.0 weeks. Whole genome expression analysis was conducted using an Illumina Mouse WG-6 Expression Microarray. Using Gene Ontology analysis, genes associated with inflammation, survival and proliferation were found to be differentially expressed between the two groups. Of particular interest was an increased expression of IL-1β and CXCL2, which have previously been implicated as part of a paracrine drug-resistance network in breast and lung cancers. Additionally, the growth factor MDK, which is involved in drug-resistant neuroblastomas, was found to be up-regulated in the largest colon tumors. These findings provide new insights into potential signaling networks that may contribute to the inconsistent response to sulindac chemoprevention and provide potential new targets for cancer protection. Citation Format: Matthew P. Hanley, Shingo Miyamoto, Daniel Rosenberg. Gene expression profiling identifies Sulindac-resistant colon tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 237. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-237
Reconstructing Reality: Conspiracy Theories about Jonestown

Les meurtres et suicides de novembre 1978 dans la secte religieuse du Peoples Temple de Jim Jones a Jonestown (Guyana) ont donne lieu a plusieurs types de theories de la conspiration. Apres une introduction sur la nature des theories de la conspiration en general, l'A. discute plusieurs theories specifiques sur Jonestown : les theories produites par des conspirateurs professionnels, par l'internet, et par des conspirateurs non professionnels, qui se concentrent plus particulierement sur Jonestown. Plus ou moins plausibles, plus ou moins elaborees, ce que demontrent ces theories, c'est qu'elles tentent d'expliquer par des recits alternatifs les mysteres et ambiguites que les recits courants ne peuvent resoudre. Elles tentent de rendre justice aux victimes en ecartant la these du suicide et en la remplacant par celle d'une intervention exterieure (CIA, forces gouvernementales...) ; en reconstruisant la realite, elles restituent ainsi un sens a l'opposition entre le bien et le mal. Les theories de la conspiration sur Jonestown risquent de proliferer encore, car elles tentent de restaurer la moralite et l'ordre dans un monde chaotique et immoral.
Gender Effects Along the Juvenile Justice System Evidence of a Gendered Organization

This article provides an example of the unequal outcomes generated by humans interacting in a gendered organizational context. Acker's concept of gendered institutions is applied to a juvenile just...
Three views of (and ways of viewing) Australian aboriginal cultures

Trigger, David S. Whitefella Comin’: Aboriginal Responses to Colonialism in Northern Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. xiv + 250 pp. including appendices, bibliography, and index. $59.95 cloth. Rose, Deborah Bird. Dingo Makes Us Human: Life and Land in an Australian Aboriginal Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. xii + 249 pp. including references and index. $49.95 cloth. Jackomos, Alick and Derek Fowell. Living Aboriginal History of Victoria: Stories in the Oral Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 203 pp. $49.95 cloth.
Interocular transfer of orientation-contingent color aftereffects with external and internal adaptation

The issue of whether McCollough effects transfer interocularly was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, as in previous experiments, no interocular transfer of McCollough effects was obtained when subjects adapted monocularly to externally present patterns with their unused eyes fully occluded. However, when subjects adapted monocularly (with the unused eye fully occluded) to visual images of those patterns superimposed on physically present chromatic backgrounds, McCollough effects transferred interocularly. In Experiment 2, subjects adapted to either physically present patterns or to images of those patterns (as in Experiment 1), but the unused eye was exposed to unpatterned diffuse white light. In contrast to Experiment 1, the externally adapted subjects showed interocular transfer of McCollough effects. In Experiment 2, the magnitude of the interocular transfer effects produced by imagery was significantly larger than the magnitude of the effects produced by external adaptation, but the magnitude of the imagery-induced aftereffects did not differ from Experiment 1 to Experiment 2. These results extend earlier findings by Kunen and May (1980) and show that McCollough effects can be produced through adaptation to imagery, even though the direction of the imagery-induced aftereffects indicates adaptation to higher spatial frequencies whereas externally derived aftereffects indicate adaptation to lower spatial frequencies. It is concluded that failure of previous studies to obtain interocular transfer of McCollough effects may have resulted from complete occlusion of the contralateral eye. These data point up some interesting similarities and some important differences between imagery and actual vision. The implications for analogical models of visual imagery are discussed.
Changes in the Fish Population in the Upper Ohio River following Temporary Pollution Abatement

Abstract The abatement of pollution in the upper Ohio River following closure of the steel industries on July 15, 1959, led to a marked improvement in water quality accompanied by a rapid increase in the variety and abundance of fishes. Collections of fishes with rotenone from the auxiliary lock chamber at Montgomery Lock and Dam yielded more than twice as many different kinds and more than five times as many individuals within 11 days after the beginning of the steel strike than comparable samples taken from the same area before the strike. The principal difference in species composition was the occurrence of “clean-water fishes” that invaded the previously polluted area, probably from nearby unpolluted waters.
Parameter estimation in modulated, unbranched reaction chains within biochemical systems

Modern biology is increasingly developing techniques for measuring time series of global gene expression and of many simultaneous proteins or metabolites. These data contain valuable information on the dynamics of cells, which has to be extracted with computational means. Given a suitable mathematical model, this extraction is in principle a straightforward regression task, but the complexity and nonlinearity of the differential equations that describe biological systems cause severe difficulties when the systems are of realistic size. We propose a method of stepwise regression that can be applied effectively to linear portions of pathways. The method may be combined with other estimation methods and either directly yields reasonable parameter estimates or at least provides appropriate start values for subsequent nonlinear search algorithms. We illustrate the method with the analysis of in vivo NMR data describing the dynamics of glycolytic metabolites in Lactococcus lactis.
Live nuggets extractor: a semi-automated system for text extraction and test collection creation

The Live Nugget Extractor system provides users with a method of efficiently and accurately collecting relevant information for any web query rather than providing a simple ranked lists of documents. The system utilizes an online learning procedure to infer relevance of unjudged documents while extracting and ranking information from judged documents. This creates a set of judged and inferred relevance scores for both documents and text fragments, which can be used for test collections, summarization, and other tasks where high accuracy and large collections with minimal human effort are needed.
THEORY OF RESONANCE REACTIONS

Abstract A general formal theory of resonance reactions and scattering is developed without the use of channel radii. The approach employed allows a simple physical interpretation of the two energies, one of which must be kept fixed while the other one is varied in order for a Breit-Wigner denominator to vanish. A new result, obtained without a weak channel coupling hypothesis, is that a sharp resonance may be caused by forces which, if slightly different, would lead to a stable bound state even in the presence of strong coupling to open channels. The possibility of shapes other than the usual Breit-Wigner type is also discussed. A special formula is derived for resonances near a threshold caused by bound states just below that threshold in the same channels where the peak is seen.
A Quantum Chemical Study of the Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 Using AlCl3 and H2O as Precursors

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alumina (Al2O3) using water and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is studied using density functional theory (DFT). The atomistic mechanisms of the two deposition half-cycles on Al2O3−OH* and Al2O3−Cl* surface sites include the formation of stable intermediates and result in high barriers for HCl formation. Increasing the temperature reduces the stability of the intermediates but also increases the desorption rate of adsorbed precursors. Both half-reactions are qualitatively similar to the corresponding reactions of ALD of HfO2 and ZrO2 from H2O and HfCl4 and ZrCl4, respectively, but differ significantly from the reactions of ALD of Al2O3 from Al(CH3)3 and H2O. Although the high electronegativity of Cl increases the stability of the dative-bonded trapped intermediates in the Zr and Hf chloride cases, the inductive effect is stronger for AlCl3, increasing the stability of adsorbed AlCl3 by 29 kcal/mol relative to the adsorption energy of Al(CH3)3. Furthermore, the ligand-exchang...
Overexpression of Full-Length Human Glucocorticoid Receptor in Spodoptera frugiperda Cells Using the Baculovirus Expression Vector System

We have expressed a full-length human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The level of expression is approximately 100-fold greater than in CEM-C7 cells. Between 0.5–1.0 mg hGR can be generated per liter of Sf9 cell culture. The expressed hGR is capable of binding glucocorticoids with specificity and high affinity. Covalent labeling with 3H-dexamethasone mesylate and Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody indicate that the molecular weight of the expressed protein is approximately 94 k. The nonactivated receptor sediments as a 8-9S complex in sucrose gradients and can be heat activated to a 4S form. The activated receptor is capable of retarding the migration of a 23 base-pair DNA fragment containing the glucocorticoid response element from the tyrosine aminotransferase gene. These data indicate that the expressed GR displays characteristics identical to those of GR from mammalian cells. By scaling up this cul...
Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Infants

Purpose: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty and open pyeloplasty have comparable efficacy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in pediatric patients. The role of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in infants is less well defined. We present our updated experience with laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children younger than 1 year.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all 29 infants treated with transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for symptomatic and/or radiographic ureteropelvic junction obstruction from May 2005 to February 2012. Patients were followed with renal ultrasound at regular intervals. Treatment failure was defined as the inability to complete the intended procedure, persistent radiographic evidence of obstruction and/or the need for definitive adjunctive procedures.Results: Transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty was performed in 29 infants 2 to 11 months old (mean age 6.0 months) weighing 4.1 to 10.9 kg (mean ± SD 7.9 ± 1.6). Followup was available in all except 5 patients (median 1...
Female odors evoke ultrasounds from male mice

Four experiments investigated the stimulus properties of female mice that influence ultrasound production by adult males. Female urine alone was less effective in evoking ultrasounds than was the female in male-female pairs. Visual cues were not necessary, since there was no difference in the incidence or latency of ultrasounds from male-female pairs when tested in light and dark conditions. A presently unspecified chemical cue produced by females, whose effectiveness is mediated by olfaction, was sufficient to evoke ultrasounds from male mice. The role of this chemical cue in a multimodal sequential communicative chain is discussed.
The visual display of information in an information retrieval environment

This paper gives an overview of the graphical techniques which have been used in the representation of information in a document collection environment. An assessment of the applicability of existing multivariate data graphical techniques to the vector space model is presented.
A case of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the pelvic cavity

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most frequent malignant soft tissue tumor in adults. A primary MFH occurs most commonly in the extremities and the trunk, but rarely in the pelvic cavity. We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the unknown origin in the pelvic cavity with a review of the literature. The neoplasm occurred in the pelvic cavity of 53-year-old female who complained of enlarging nontender mass in the lower abdomen. The final diagnosis was based on the pathological report of the surgical specimen.
Analysis of infant handling and the effects of female rank among Tana River adult female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) using permutation/randomization tests.

Infant handling has been documented in numerous species. Among cercopithecines, interaction motivations are reported to range from aunting to kidnapping; these interactions are often distressful for both mother and infant. Here we examine handling by adult female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) at the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya, using a relatively new, computer-intensive statistical approach of permutation/randomization tests to deal with repeated measures effects and a skewed sample. We hypothesized 1) a tendency for handlers to handle the infants of females ranked similarly or lower than themselves, and 2) more successful infant handling by higher-ranked females, particularly with very young infants. We collected focal data on 23 females (11 mother–infant pairs) over an 11-mo period, with a total of 303 attempted and/or successful “handles” utilized in the permutation analyses. The general patterns apparent in the data seemed to support our hypotheses. However, the permutation tests showed that while females are somewhat more likely to attempt to handle the infants of females ranked “same or lower” than themselves, lower-ranked females are able to prevent more than three-fourths of the attempted interactions, and there is no statistically significant trend for females to successfully handle these infants. Further refinement of the analyses showed no significant tendencies for females to handle those infants ranked “lower” or “immediately lower” than themselves, casting doubt on the significant finding for “same or lower” attempts. Further, there was no significant effect for higher-ranked females to successfully handle an infant during its first month. Thus, rank does not seem to offer any privileges in terms of handling an infant in this population. We believe the permutation tests are an effective way to analyze repeated measures data and offer a more sensitive analysis tool for determining true significance. Am. J. Primatol. 55:117–130, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Millipeds of the eastern Piedmont region of North Carolina, U.S.A. (Diplopoda)

Summary The diplopod species of the eastern Piedmont counties of North Carolina have been surveyed in order to update earlier records from the Triangle (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill) region. The following taxa are reported from the state for the initial time: two families—Andrognathidae and Trichopolydesmidae; five genera—Andrognathus, Cylindroiulus, Ophyiulus, Chaetaspis, and Auturus; and six species—five corresponding to these genera plus Pseudopolydesmus collinus. Likewise, the family Branneriidae and Cleidogona major, Branneria carinata, Narceus annularis, Abacion magnum, and Pseudopolydesmus branneri are recorded from the Piedmont for the first time. The occurrence of Pleuroloma is also reported, although it has previously been listed as Zinaria, now considered a junior synonym. Cleidogona caroliniana and Pseudopolydesmus paludicolus are mentioned as potential Piedmont species, and a list of deleted records is presented. The results of this survey reveal an indigenous fauna of nine orders, 16 families,...
Nutritional Management of an Infant with Primary Oxalosis

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe nutritional needs of an infant with primary oxalosis (PHO) while on dialysis and after kidney/liver transplantation. Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PHO) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of glyoxylate metabolism in which excessive oxalate synthesis and lack of excretion cause nephrocalcinosis, renal failure and systemic oxalate deposition. Infants with PHO have a significant morbidity and mortality, and therefore nutritional management is important to help diminish this oxalate burden. Described is an infant with PHO. A five month old infent was admitted with problems of failure to thrive, and increased emesis. Lab data revealed a BUN of 150 mg/dl, creatinine of 9.0 mg/dl, phosphorus of 8.5 mg/dl. A 24-hour urine collection and renal ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis of PHO. Aggressive management included a thallium fundoplication, gastric feeding tube, hemodialysis 6 days/week, and daily peritoneal dialysis. Calorie and protein needs were met 100% by formulas with sodium chloride added, providing 100-115 calories/kg/day and 3.5–3.8 grams of protein/kg/day. Oral baby food intake was minimal. Since vitamin C intake is contraindicated as it increases oxalate formation, a non-vitamin C containing super potency B-complex vitamin was used along with an iron supplement. At one year of age, the infant underwent a combined kidney-liver transplant. Weight was at the 75th percentile, height at the 50-75th percentile and head circumference at the 50th percentile. Gastrostomy feedings were started post-transplant at a high volume rate to provide 100% of calories, protein and phosphorus. A high fluid intake is crucial to minimize oxalate deposition in the transplanted kidney. Parents were instructed to provide a low oxalate diet as solid food was introduced, and a regular multivitamin/day. The infant was discharged 2 months post-transplant with motor skills appropriate for age and maintaining growth parameters. It will take years to mobilize the total body stores of oxalate; therefore, fluid and nutritional management will continue to play a significant role in this infant's care.
Forensic rhetoric and the constitution of the subject: Innocence, truth, and wisdom in Gorgias’ palamedes and Plato's apology

(1994). Forensic rhetoric and the constitution of the subject: Innocence, truth, and wisdom in Gorgias’ palamedes and Plato's apology. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 24, No. 3-4, pp. 148-166.
The Just Wage and the Two‐earner Family

Catholic social teaching has held that a just wage is one that provides adequate support for a family in which the husband is employed and the wife stays at home to care for the family. In the United States today, both parents are typically employed. Does each parent have a right to a wage sufficient to support a family? In societies in which couples make the choice that both shall be employed, justice does not require that the wage rate paid to any one worker be sufficient to support a family.
Hydrothermal Phase Relations Among Uranyl Minerals at the Nopal I Analog Site

Uranyl mineral paragenesis at Nopal I is an analog of spent fuel alteration at Yucca Mountain. Petrographic studies suggest a variety of possible hydrothermal conditions for uranium mineralization at Nopal I. Calculated equilibrium phase relations among uranyl minerals show uranophane stability over a broad range of realistic conditions and indicate that uranyl mineral variety is a consequence of chemical potential heterogeneity.
The Revolutionary Character of the Revolt of the Netherlands 1

American and British writers have reinterpreted the English, American, French and Russian revolutions, but, since Motley, 2 have had little new to say about the Revolt of the Netherlands. My hypothesis is that the Revolt of the Netherlands was indeed a revolution comparable to and deserving a place of priority in the list of great revolutions which have ushered in modern times. Motley liked to compare the Revolt of the Netherlands with the American Revolution, but what appealed to him in both movements was that they were as he saw them really not very revolutionary. The claims of traditional states' rights were asserted against the innovations of a centralizing monarchy. Neither the Dutch nor the American movement was carried away by a Jacobin zeal for unity. Both were directed against a government which was distant and foreign: the struggle against foreign domination therefore filled the center of the picture of both rebellions, and obscured domestic changes which may have been drastic enough to deserve the term “revolutionary.”
Long term carrier-envelope phase coherence in a grating-based chirped pulse amplifier system

Pulses from a carrier-envelope stabilized Ti:sapphire oscillator were injected into a grating-based chirped pulse amplifier system. Long-term stability of the CEO was observed reliably without the need for active feedback on the amplifier system.
Tuning the Carrier Injection Efficiency for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Organic light-emitting diodes based on tris-8-(hydroxyquinoline) aluminum and N,N‘-diphenyl-N,N‘-(2-naphthyl)-(1,1‘-phenyl)-4,4‘-diamine (NPB) ordinarily have an operating stability of less than 1000 h. Stability and efficiency are, however, dramatically enhanced by interposing a copper phthalocynanine (CuPc) layer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and the NPB hole-transport layer. To specifically understand the origin of an interlayer-induced increase in light output, we have directly measured and analyzed the effective hole injection efficiency from ITO into NPB as a function of the CuPc interlayer thickness. Because NPB is trap free, a direct and self-consistent measure of the hole injection efficiency can be determined from the measured drift mobility and dark current at the same applied field. By this means, we have been able to demonstrate that the hole transport from the ITO anode to the NPB is injection-limited and that the hole injection efficiency is reduced progressively as the CuPc inte...
Recent studies on integrated smart materials

The displacement performance of individual actuators is well documented. In a multiple actuator composite plate, the individual addressing of actuators, or small groupings of actuators, will result in a global displacement profile which may or may not be similar to the displacement predicted based on the performance of a single actuator. The purpose of this computational study is to determine the displacement performance of a composite plate which includes multiple ceramic actuators. Stresses and displacements resulting from the application to individual actuators of a electrical field of 0.2 MV/m are determined. Differences in displacement performance based on base plate material, support conditions and location in the array are determined.
On expected sample range from heterogeneous symmetric distributions

Abstract It is shown that for independent (but not necessarily identically distributed) random variables with distributions symmetric about the respective medians (means), the expected value of the sample range is a minimum when these means are all equal.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health is Inversely Associated with Incident Cancer: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Background—The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined the concept of ideal cardiovascular health in promotion of the 2020 Strategic Impact Goals. We examined whether adherence to ideal levels of the 7 AHA cardiovascular health metrics was associated with incident cancers in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study over 17 to 19 years of follow-up. Methods and Results—After exclusions for missing data and prevalent cancer, 13 253 ARIC participants were included for analysis. Baseline measurements were used to classify participants according to 7 AHA cardiovascular health metrics. Combined cancer incidence (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) from 1987 to 2006 was captured using cancer registries and hospital surveillance; 2880 incident cancer cases occurred over follow-up. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for incident cancer. There was a significant (P trend <0.0001), graded, inverse association between the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics at baseline and ca...
Accounting education literature review (1997–1999)

Abstract By reviewing a subset ot the accounting education literature published during the period 1997–1999, this paper updates literature reviews by Rebele, Apostolou, Buckless, Hassell, Paquette, and Stout [Rebele, J.E., Apostolou, B.A., Buckless, F.A., Hassell, J.M., Paquette, L.R., & Stout, D.E. (1998a). Accounting education literature review (1991–1997), part I: curriculum and instructional approaches. Journal of Accounting Education, 16(1), 1–51.] [Rebele, J.E., Apostolou, B.A., Buckless, F.A., Hassell, J.M., Paquette, L.R., & Stout, D.E. (1998b). Accounting education literature review (1991–1997), part II: students, educational technology, assessment, and faculty issues. Journal of Accounting Education, 16(2), 179–245.]; Rebele, Stout, and Hassell [Rebele, J.E., Stout, D.E., & Hassell, J.M. (1991). A review of empirical research in accounting education: 1985–1991. Journal of Accounting Education, 9(2), 167–231.]; and Rebele and Tiller [Rebele, J.E., & Tiller, M.G. (1986). Empirical research in accounting education: a review and evaluation. In A. C. Bishop, E. K. St. Pierre & R. L. Benke (Eds.), Research in accounting education (pp. 1–54). Harrisonburg, VA: Center for Research in Accounting Education, James Madison University]. We review published articles related to the topics of assessment, curriculum and instructional approaches, educational technology, faculty issues, and students from the following five journals: Journal of Accounting Education, Issues in Accounting Education, Accounting Education, The Accounting Educators’ Journal, and Advances in Accounting Education. A large number of accounting educators have contributed to the literature between 1997 and 1999, with over 390 different authors cited in the body of the text (30 authors published two articles, 11 published three, and one author published four articles). More than 120 individuals are cited as authors of cases and instructional resources (seven authors published two cases and one published three). Recommendations for research are offered at the end of each major section. An appendix identifies instructional cases and educational resources published during the 1997–1999 period by journal and topic.
Homeostatic cytokines orchestrate the segregation of CD4 and CD8 memory T-cell reservoirs in mice.

Memory T cells (TMs) have been detected in many tissues but their quantitative distribution remains largely undefined. We show that in mice there is a remarkably biased accumulation of long-term CD4 TMs into mucosal sites (mainly gut, especially Peyer patches), and CD8 TMs into lymph nodes and spleen (in particular, peripheral lymph nodes [PLNs]). This distinction correlates with their differentiated expression of PLN- and gut-homing markers. CD8 and CD4 TMs selectively require the expression of PLN-homing marker CCR7 or gut-homing marker α4β7 for maintenance. PLNs and gut supply CD8 and CD4 TMs with their individually favored homeostatic cytokine, IL-15, or IL-7. Cytokine stimulation in turn regulates the different gut-homing marker expression on CD4 and CD8 TMs. IL-15 plays a major role in vivo regulating CD8 TMs homing to PLNs. Thus, the reservoir segregation of CD4 and CD8 TMs meets their individual needs for homeostatic cytokines and is under feedback control of cytokine stimulation.
Steam generator tube vibration tests

Abstract The buildup of magnetite in the steam generators of some pressurized water reactors had led operators to propose chemical cleaning to remove this product. In some cases, the volume of magnetite formed by the corrosion of the carbon steel has been sufficient to cause “denting” or reduction of the outer diameter of the tubes where they pass through the support plates. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission has expressed concern that the resulting increased clearances may allow an increased level of flow-induced vibrations in chemically cleaned steam generators that could lead to high tube wear rates and unacceptable levels of tube failure. A project has been undertaken by Pacific Northwest Laboratory to address the effects of increased tube/tube-support clearances and to provide the NRC with criteria to evaluate licensees' specific proposals for chemical cleaning of steam generators. The first phase of the project consists of flow tests to establish the forcing boundary conditions, using clearances representing various conditions following chemical cleaning. The second phase consists of accelerated wear tests to determine the potential wear rates possible based on the vibrations characterized in the flow tests.
Effects of aging and calorie restriction on the global gene expression profiles of mouse testis and ovary

The aging of reproductive organs is not only a major social issue, but of special interest in aging research. A long-standing view of 'immortal germ line versus mortal soma' poses an important question of whether the reproductive tissues age in similar ways to the somatic tissues. As a first step to understand this phenomenon, we examine global changes in gene expression patterns by DNA microarrays in ovaries and testes of C57BL/6 mice at 1, 6, 16, and 24 months of age. In addition, we compared a group of mice on ad libitum (AL) feeding with a group on lifespan-extending 40% calorie restriction (CR). We found that gene expression changes occurred in aging gonads, but were generally different from those in somatic organs during aging. For example, only two functional categories of genes previously associated with aging in muscle, kidney, and brain were confirmed in ovary: genes associated with complement activation were upregulated, and genes associated with mitochondrial electron transport were downregulated. The bulk of the changes in gonads were mostly related to gonad-specific functions. Ovaries showed extensive gene expression changes with age, especially in the period when ovulation ceases (from 6 to 16 months), whereas testes showed only limited age-related changes. The same trend was seen for the effects of CR: CR-mediated reversal of age-associated gene expression changes, reported in somatic organs previously, was limited to a small number of genes in gonads. Instead, in both ovary and testis, CR caused small and mostly gonad-specific effects: suppression of ovulation in ovary and activation of testis-specific genes in testis. Overall, the results are consistent with unique modes of aging and its modification by CR in testis and ovary.
RAPID METABOLIC CLEARANCE OF THE CATECHOL ESTROGEN 2-HYDROXYESTRONE

The plasma metabolic clearance rate (MCRp) of 2-hydroxyestrone was measured in normal young adults by two methods: infusion of unlabeled 2-OHE1 to equilibrium with radioimmunoassay of plasma 2-OHE1 levels, and infusion of [3H]2-OHE1 to equilibrium with measurement of chromatographically purified plasma [3H]2-OHE1. MCR′s were 40–70,000 L/day and 15–50,000 L/day, respectively. This is the highest known MCR for a naturally occurring steroid. The only measurable plasma metabolite of [3H]2-0HE1, co-migrated with 2-methoxyestrone. When [3H]2-0HE1 was incubated with blood samples in vitro, [3H]ξ-methoxyestrone was rapidly formed. Since this MCR is higher than cardiac output, clearance must occur primarily in the blood compartment, probably largely by the action of erythrocyte catechol–0–methyltransferase.
Methods for Evaluating Lyme Disease Risks Using Geographic Information Systems and Geospatial Analysis

Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted borreliosis of humans and domestic animals emerging as one of the most significant threats to public health in north temperate regions of the world. However, despite a myriad of studies into symptomology, causes, and treatment of the disease, few researchers have addressed the spatial aspects of Lyme disease transmission. Using statewide data collected in Rhode Island (United States) as a test case, we demonstrated that exposure to deer ticks and the risk of contracting Lyme disease occurs mostly in the peridomestic environment. A Geographic Information System model was developed indicating a strong association among Lyme disease in humans, the degree of nymphal blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, abundance in the environment, and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in ticks. In contrast, occurrence of plant communities suitable for sustaining I. scapularis populations (forests) was not predictive of Lyme disease risk. Instead, we observed a highly significant spatial trend for decreasing number of ticks and incident cases of Lyme disease with increasing latitude. Geostatistics were employed for modeling spatial autocorrelation of tick densities. These findings were combined to create a model that predicts Lyme disease transmission risk, thereby demonstrating the utility of incorporating geospatial modeling techniques in studying the epidemiology of Lyme disease.
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): Observations for Lunar Exploration and Science

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) was implemented to facilitate scientific and engineering-driven mapping of the lunar surface at new spatial scales and with new remote sensing methods, identify safe landing sites, search for in situ resources, and measure the space radiation environment. After its successful launch on June 18, 2009, the LRO spacecraft and instruments were activated and calibrated in an eccentric polar lunar orbit until September 15, when LRO was moved to a circular polar orbit with a mean altitude of 50 km. LRO will operate for at least one year to support the goals of NASA’s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), and for at least two years of extended operations for additional lunar science measurements supported by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD). LRO carries six instruments with associated science and exploration investigations, and a telecommunications/radar technology demonstration. The LRO instruments are: Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE), Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP), Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND), Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC). The technology demonstration is a compact, dual-frequency, hybrid polarity synthetic aperture radar instrument (Mini-RF). LRO observations also support the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), the lunar impact mission that was co-manifested with LRO on the Atlas V (401) launch vehicle. This paper describes the LRO objectives and measurements that support exploration of the Moon and that address the science objectives outlined by the National Academy of Science’s report on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon (SCEM). We also describe data accessibility by the science and exploration community.
T. S. Eliot's “Uranian Muse”: The Verdenal Letters

(1998). T. S. Eliot's “Uranian Muse”: The Verdenal Letters. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 11, T. S. Eliot at 110: Fin-de-siecle Studies, Part II, pp. 4-20.
An evaluation of incentive regulation for electric utilities

This empirical study examines the determinants and impacts of incentive regulations introduced by utility commissions in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Rewards for generating plant utilization and low heat rates were found to have been introduced in states whose firms exhibited relatively high managerial slack (or relatively higher costs). However, the empirical results did not find that the introduction of specific cost component incentives improved overall operating cost performance.
Culture studies on Eucheuma nudum J. Agardh, a carrageenan producing red alga from Florida

Abstract Optimum growth conditions for mariculture of Eucheuma nudum J. Agardh, a Florida species of the economically important pantropical red algal genus, were investigated in laboratory culture. Manometric techniques were utilized to monitor plant responses to 108 combinations of light, temperature and nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) levels. Comparison of rates of apparent photosynthesis after 3, 10 and 17 days in culture indicated that the plants gave highest responses when grown at 20–24°C, 100–300 ft-candles and in sea water containing 5.0 ppm nitrate and 3.0 ppm phosphate. Results of the culture studies are examined in view of previous studies on ecology and physiology of Florida Eucheuma , as well as proposed mariculture practices.
Cage-size effects on locomotor, grooming and agonistic behaviours of the slow loris, Nycticebus coucang (Primates, Lorisidae)

Slow lorises were housed in male-female pairs under 2 experimental conditions. One pair was kept in a 0.42-m3 cage and a second pair was allowed the run of an 8.75-m3 walk-in cage. During Phase Ia, each pair was intermittently observed directly or by video monitor over several months so that 5 composite “days” (spanning the 12-hour active period) of behavioural data were obtained. Phase Ib, a 3-day continuous monitoring of the behaviour of each pair, followed Phase Ia. The pairs were then switched (Phase II) so that the pair originally in the walk-in cage was now in the small cage and the pair in the small cage was now in the walk-in cage. Phase IIa and IIb were methodologically identical to Phases Ia and Ib, respectively. Animals in the walk-in cage showed significantly higher amounts of locomotion than they did in the small cage, but differences in allo- and auto-grooming amounts, and in amounts of agonistic behaviour, were not correlated with cage size. Recommendations for cage sizes depend upon the uses for which the animal is being kept. Results of the experiments in this study indicate that slow lorises kept in larger cages will be more active than those housed in cages approaching recommendations for size proposed by the U.S. National Research Council. Serious consideration of the effects of reduced activity on the animal must be made in determination of cage size.
Algorithms for an Integer Multicommodity Network Flow Problem with Node Reliability Considerations

In this paper, we consider the problem of sending a set of multiple commodities from their origin to destination nodes via intermediate hubs. Each hub node is associated with a reliability function, which depends on the total flow that crosses that hub. The probability that each commodity is successfully relayed from its origin to its destination is given by the product of hub reliabilities on the commodity's path. The problem we consider seeks to find minimum-cost commodity paths such that each commodity reaches its destination with a sufficiently large probability. We first formulate the problem as a nonlinear multicommodity network-flow problem and prove that it is strongly NP-hard. We then present two linearization techniques for this formulation, and propose a pair of lower- and upper-bounding formulations, which can then be used within an exact cutting-plane algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, we analyze the computational effectiveness of our proposed strategies on a set of randomly generated instances.
Direct effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on cardiac function in the isolated, spontaneously beating rat heart. ♦ 353

Direct effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on cardiac function in the isolated, spontaneously beating rat heart. ♦ 353
Planned Communities, Self-containment and Commuting: A Cross-national Perspective

Many new towns are planned as balanced, self-contained communities. This paper examines the association between how self-contained new towns are and how their residents and workers commute, drawing upon experiences in the US, the UK, metropolitan Paris and greater Stockholm. While American new towns are fairly self-contained, their commuting characteristics are largely indistinguishable from less-planned control communities. Britain's most recent new towns are highly balanced and self-contained, yet they are comparatively auto-dependent. By contrast, the rail-served new towns outside Paris and Stockholm are the least self-contained among the new towns studied; however, most external commutes are by rail transit or other non-auto modes. In general, there was an inverse relationship between self-containment and transit commuting in the European new towns studied. The paper concludes that other policies, like coordinated transit services, more strongly influence commuting choices among new town residents and...
PathVisio-Validator

Purpose: The PathVisio-Validator plugin aims to simplify the task of producing biological pathway diagrams that follow graphical standardized notations, such as Molecular Interaction Maps or the Systems Biology Graphical Notation. This plugin assists in the creation of pathway diagrams by ensuring correct usage of a notation, and thereby reducing ambiguity when diagrams are shared among biologists. Rulesets, needed in the validation process, can be generated for any graphical notation that a developer desires, using either Schematron or Groovy. The plugin also provides support for filtering validation results, validating on a subset of rules, and distinguishing errors and warnings. Availability: The PathVisio-Validator plugin works with versions of PathVisio 2.0.11 and later on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. The plugin along with the instructions, example rulesets for Groovy and Schematron, and Java source code can be downloaded at http://pathvisio.org/wiki/PathVisioValidatorHelp. The software is developed under the open-source Apache 2.0 License and is freely available for both commercial and academic use. Contact:chandankmit@gmail.com; augustin@mail.nih.gov Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
High Throughput Extraction of Plant, Marine and Fungal Specimens for Preservation of Biologically Active Molecules

The Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) of the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI), at its NCI-Frederick facility, has built perhaps the largest and most diverse natural products screening library in the world for drug discovery. Composed of plant, marine organism and microbial extracts, it currently contains in excess of 230,000 unique materials. From the inception of this program to identify new anticancer chemotherapeutics from natural products sources in 1987, two extracts have been sequentially prepared from each specimen: one produced by organic solvent extraction, which yields a complex material that contains non- to moderately polar small molecules, and a water-soluble extract, a milieu largely unexplored for useful drugs in earlier years, which contains polar small to medium-sized molecules. Plant specimens and microbial ferments are extracted by modified traditional methods, while the method developed to produce extracts from marine organisms is unique and very different from that used by marine natural products chemists previously, but again yields both an organic solvent soluble and a water soluble material for inclusion into the screening library. Details of high throughput extract production for preservation of biologically active molecules are presented.
Flame Propagation Through Dust Clouds of Carbon, Coal, Aluminium and Magnesium in an Environment of Zero Gravity

The mechanism and the rate of flame propagation through dust clouds of carbon, coal, aluminium and magnesium have been investigated. Any errors due to the upward buoyant motion of burnt gases and the downward settling velocity of dust particles were eliminated by conducting these experiments in a zero-gravity environment. A technique of flat-flame propagation was developed to measure the burning velocity accurately. The results show that the burning velocity is influenced by particle size, fuel transfer number, dust concentration, volatile matter (for coal), oxygen enrichment and heat loss by radiation from the burning fuel particles. A simple model to elucidate the structure and the mechanism of flame propagation is developed. Then expressions to predict the flame thickness and the burning velocity are derived. Attention is drawn to the similarity that exists between the mechanisms of flame propagation through dust clouds and through fuel mists. The importance of radiation heat loss is emphasized. It is shown that for a dust cloud of particle size 10 μ m of graphite or aluminium in oxygen, radiation loss from particles can reduce the burning velocity by as much as 40% or 25% respectively.
Time-Dependent Blue Shift of the Fluorescence Origin Band of Benzo[a]Pyrene (BP)-Derived BP-6-N7ADE Adducts in Glasses

Abstract We report unusual spectroscopic properties of the benzo-[a]pyrene (BP)-derived one-electron oxidation DNA adduct. BP-6-N7Ade. in glasses at low temperatures. Time-resolved fluorescence emission and fluorescence excitation spectra showed that the position of the origin bands shift to higher energies with longer delay time of the observation window. A non-linear and time-dependent Stokes shift has been revealed. This effect has not been observed for any BP-derived diol-epoxide adduct. Such a blue-shift, in opposite direction to the shift expected from solvation dynamics, has not been previously reported. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of a distribution of conformers and a matrix-induced frequency dependent dipole moment change across the inhomogeneously broadened absorption band.