cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental Knowledge Discrepancies: Examining the Roles of Warmth and Self-Disclosure.

Discrepancies between parents’ and adolescents’ reports in parental knowledge of adolescents’ daily activities and whereabouts are common and have implications for adolescents’ well-being and school success. Grounded in a family systems perspective utilizing reports from parents and adolescents, the goal of this study was to explore the extent to which parent–adolescent warmth and adolescent self-disclosure could account for discrepancies in parental knowledge by testing the indirect effects linking warmth to discrepancies in parental knowledge via adolescent self-disclosure. Participants were early adolescents (N = 172; 53% female) and their parents (90% mothers). Adolescents (57% African American/Black, 18% multiracial, 17% White/Caucasian, 7% Hispanic/Latino and 1% Asian American) attended a Midwestern, Title 1, urban, public middle school. Using structural equation modeling, findings showed that parent–adolescent warmth significantly predicted adolescent self-disclosure, which in turn predicted fewer discrepancies in parental knowledge. The findings from this study help in understanding the factors that contribute to parental knowledge discrepancies and highlight potential targets for family interventions.
The past is prologue: criminal specialization continuity in the delinquent career

The versatility/specialization debate in criminology has important theoretical, research, and juvenile/criminal justice ramifications. Although offenders are mostly versatile, there is important ev...
DIGITAL STAINING OF HIGH-RESOLUTION FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGES

Histological stains, such as hemotaxylin and eosin (H&E), are commonly used to label tissue in clinical biopsies. However, these labels modify the tissue chemistry, making it difficult to use for further downstream analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has shown promising results for characterizing disease-relevant tissues without chemical labels or dyes. However, tissue classification requires human annotation, which is difficult and tedious to acquire for complex samples. In addition, the results of a molecular analysis must be presented in a way that facilitates diagnosis for a trained pathologist.One proposed approach is digital staining, which uses machine learning to map an infrared spectroscopic image to the image that would be ideally produced with a chemical stain. While these methods produce promising results, the resolution is significantly lower than traditional histology. We demonstrate that high-resolution mappings can be obtained using FTIR imaging and histological staining of the same sample. In addition, we demonstrate that better results can be achieved with more recent convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that take advantage of both spatial and spectral features.
Technical Laboratory Standards for Interpretation and Reporting of Acquired Copy-Number Abnormalities and Copy-Neutral Loss of Heterozygosity in Neoplastic Disorders: A Joint Consensus Recommendation From the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC)

The detection of acquired copy-number abnormalities (CNAs) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in neoplastic disorders by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has significantly increased over the past few years with respect to both the number of laboratories utilizing this technology and the broader number of tumor types being assayed. This highlights the importance of standardizing the interpretation and reporting of acquired variants among laboratories. To address this need, a clinical laboratory-focused workgroup was established to draft recommendations for the interpretation and reporting of acquired CNAs and CN-LOH in neoplastic disorders. This project is a collaboration between the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC). The recommendations put forth by the workgroup are based on literature review, empirical data, and expert consensus of the workgroup members. A four-tier evidence-based categorization system for acquired CNAs and CN-LOH was developed, which is based on the level of available evidence regarding their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic relevance: tier 1, variants with strong clinical significance; tier 2, variants with some clinical significance; tier 3, clonal variants with no documented neoplastic disease association; and tier 4, benign or likely benign variants. These recommendations also provide a list of standardized definitions of terms used in the reporting of CMA findings, as well as a framework for the clinical reporting of acquired CNAs and CN-LOH, and recommendations for how to deal with suspected clinically significant germline variants.
Critical Social Ontology as a Foundation for Ethics: Marx, Lukács and Critical Judgment

In this paper, I outline a theory of critical social ontology derived from the fundamental ideas of Marx and the later work on the ontology of social being by Georg Lukacs. I argue that we can discern categories of social being that can aid in the project of diagnostic social critique, but also that these categories can be used to formulate an ethical theory that we can ground in this critical social ontology. I therefore defend the thesis, against postmetaphysical thinkers that have argued to the contrary, that a satisfactory and critical theory of ethics can and indeed must be rooted in a theory of ontology. I end with some reflections on how critical social ontology can help combat the problem of reification and help us think through issues of ethical or normative concern.
PERSISTENT GENDER AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN MORTALITY FROM ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES: 1999 TO 2017

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality varies across USA. We describe updated IHD and CVD trends by sex and race across USA. We performed an observational analysis of the CDC WONDER database for underlying death causes between 1999 and 2017. Age-standardized death
THE HEART OF THE MATTER: OVERCOMING DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY WITH A MULTIDISCIPLINARY CARDIO-ONCOLOGY TEAM

Anthracyclines are a common class of chemotherapeutics used to treat a variety of malignancies. These agents exhibit dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and are relatively contraindicated for patients with preexisting LV systolic dysfunction. Herein, we present a complex case of a patient with aggressive
Toward Maturity Assessment of SNAP Bean Crops: A Best-Case Greenhouse Scenario

Precision agriculture applications, which include spatially-explicit irrigation scheduling, nutrient application, and disease management, could greatly benefit from accurate assessment of crop physiological stages. Such an identification strategy could contribute to improved timing of crop management interventions and improved yields. Snap bean as a crop, valued at over $400 million dollars annually in the USA, is an example crop that require accurate maturity stage classification, especially in context of disease management and harvest scheduling. This study aimed to assess growth classification of snap bean crop via machine learning approaches over four major maturity stages, namely vegetative growth, budding, flowering, and pod formation using hyperspectral data, in a greenhouse setting. Our classification results show high discrimination (mean-per-class accuracy = 0.69-0.82) in a one-vs-rest fashion with both parametric and non-parametric classifiers, such as logistic regression, naive Bayes, random forest, and perceptron. These results show promise for potential extension to remote sensing solutions that would allow growers to better manage their crops.
Data-Driven Modeling Approach for Mistuned Cyclic Structures

A data-driven approach to predict dynamic responses of mistuned cyclic dynamic structures is presented. Nominally cyclic structures such as turbomachinery bladed disks, or blisks, contain deviation...
Developing Psycholinguistic Models of Subject-Verb Agreement in Speech Production: New Data from Shipibo-Konibo Relative Clauses

Subject-verb agreement is assumed to be the marking of the verb in an utterance as determined by properties of the subject. Psycholinguistic models of agreement in speech production differ as to whether they treat this phenomenon as driven primarily by syntactic processes or semantic influences. But these models are based primarily on research in Indo-European languages. This paper suggests that a useful approach to investigating the psycholinguistic mechanisms behind agreement in speech production is to extend the research to more typologically variant languages and more complex structures. Relative clause data from a Panoan language, Shipibo-Konibo, based on the work of Valenzuela (2002) is presented here as an ideal case study for psycholinguistic research on syntactic and semantic influences on subject-verb agreement. Shipibo-Konibo has a flexible word order, and a variety of relative clause types and relativization strategies that display subjects and verbs in various positional relationships. The data is presented in the context of two psycholinguistic models of agreement production: the Marking and Morphing model (Eberhard, Cutting & Bock 2005) and the Maximal Input model (Vigliocco & Hartsuiker 2002).
A Contest of Civilizations: Exposing the Crisis of American Exceptionalism in the Civil War Era: By Andrew F. Lang, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2021, Pp. 568, $34.95 (hbk), $26.99 (e-book), ISBN 9781469660073, ISBN 9781469660080

Scholars studying the United States have long debated the concept of American exceptionalism. One of the best-known chroniclers of early nineteenth-century U.S. history and culture, Alexis de Tocqu...
Art and Physical Education — An Educational Alliance

(1936). Art and Physical Education — An Educational Alliance. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 7, No. 8, pp. 476-531.
Are We Trapped by Our Capital Gains

For political reasons, we seem to be stuck with the current realization-based system of taxing capital gains. This means that lock-in is a serious problem. Inflation can be dealt with by adjusting basis and bunching by averaging devices, but it is hard to address lock-in, especially if step-up on death is retained. The current rate structure is 39.6% for ordinary income (higher if limits of deductions are taken into account) and 23.8% for capital gains. This has already led to a proliferation of conversion transactions and to pressure on the labor/capital distinction. We are doubtful that an effective centrifuge can be devised to segregate income from labor from income from capital. This may work in Sweden, but it may not work in a country like the US with a hyper-sophisticated capital market and very aggressive tax advisors. Thus, we have reluctantly come to the conclusion that we are indeed trapped by our capital gains, that the current rate structure is indefensible in practice, and that we should revert to an overall rate of 28% for all income. The following paper summarizes the US tax rules for capital gains in more detail. As can be seen, it is a topic of considerable complexity, most of which could be eliminated if we reverted to the 1986-1990 rate structure of taxing ordinary income and capital gains the same.
Effective Reduction and Conversion Strategies for Combinators

We imagine that we are computing with combinators or lambda terms and that successive terms are related by one-step reduction or expansion. We have a term on our screen and we want to click on a redex to be reduced (or expanded) to obtain the next screenful. The choice of redex is determined by a strategy for achieving our ends. Such a strategy must be effective in the sense of being computable. Memory is a serious constraint, since only one term fits on our screen at a time.
PAROXYSMAL FUSSING IN INFANCY, SOMETIMES CALLED "COLIC"

The literature on "infantile colic" or "paroxysmal fussing" is reviewed. The frequent occurrence of a regular evening fussy period in two groups of infants is reported as indicative that this is a normal physiological event of the first few weeks of life. The longitudinal records of 98 infants who were study subjects of the Yale Rooming-In Project were analyzed with respect to incidence, duration, and severity of "paroxysmal fussing." Forty-eight of the infants were classified as "fussy" and 50 as "contented." The "fussy" babies typically began to have their paroxysms in the second week of life and ceased to have them at about eight weeks. Almost all of them were more fussy in the evening hours than in the morning. The rationale of various methods of treatment is discussed. The "fussy" group was similar to the "contented" group as regards details of feeding, birth weight, weight gain, sex, educational level of the mother, and family history of allergy. Of the 48 "fussy" infants, family tension was judged to be an important contributing cause in 22 cases, allergy in six cases; both allergy and family tension together in nine cases; in 11 cases there was no apparent cause. "Paroxysmal fussing" or "infantile colic" is possibly one of the earliest somatic responses to the presence of tension in the environment. The particular degree to which any infant reacts is probably determined by constitutional factors.
College student financial capability

Purpose – The reviewed literature emphasized that the student loan debt issues have a lot of connections to the economy. This conclusion is in support with broader evidence that high student debt levels are a drag on economic growth. Additionally, disadvantaged and other vulnerable groups, including students, are more likely to be excluded from the formal, regulated financial sector and not be able to take advantage of mainstream financial service providers (e.g. lack access to credit, insurance, and other formal financial services). Among the primary reasons cited for this financial exclusion has to do with a lack of understanding or familiarity with traditional financial services. The aim of this paper is to look at alternate approaches in promoting financial literacy to manage the huge private debt burden facing this important segment of the population. The purpose of this paper is to advance a model of college students’ financial capabilities enhancement to partially alleviate some of the problems rel...
Cells persistently infected with newcastle disease virus: I. Properties of mutants isolated from persistently infected L cells.

The strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV pi ) present in persistently infected L cells differed markedly from the Herts strain (NDV 0 ) used to initiate the infection. NDV pi produced small plaques (less than 1 mm) in chick embryo cell cultures, whereas the wild type (NDV 0 ) produced large plaques (2 to 3 mm). The two viruses differed in a number of additional properties. Whereas 80% of adsorbed NDV 0 eluted from chicken red blood cells at 37 C, only about 20% of NDV pi was recovered under similar conditions. There was no significant difference in the neuraminidase content of the two viruses. The infectivity of NDV 0 was stable for 1 hr at 48 C, whereas 99.9% of the infectivity of NDV pi was destroyed. The two viruses also differed in lethality for chick embryos; NDV pi had significantly reduced lethality for 9-day-old chick embryos when compared to NDV 0 . In contrast to NDV 0 , which produced an abortive infection in L cells, NDV pi not only replicated effectively and destroyed these cells, but also induced significantly higher quantities of interferon than did NDV 0 . These data furnished additional evidence for the lack of relationship of interferon production to abortive infection of L cells with NDV 0 . In contrast, interferon was found to play a significant role in the maintenance of persistent infection.
Compact Clifford-Klein forms -- geometry, topology and dynamics

We survey results on compact Clifford-Klein forms of homogeneous spaces, with a focus on recent contributions and organized around approaches via topology, geometry and dynamics. In addition, we survey results on moduli spaces of compact forms.
The geography of Buddhism in the Four Corners states

While only 1–2% of US residents self-identify as Buddhist, this faith is expanding and diffusing rapidly despite its dissonance with American individualism and traditional Judeo-Christian ideals. Using data from recent surveys of religion, Internet searches, and a phone survey, this paper explores the diffusion of Buddhism into four distinct cultural settings: Colorado (secular, progressive), Utah (Mormon, conservative), New Mexico (Catholic, politically moderate), and Arizona (mixed-Christian, conservative). A total of 276 Buddhist organizations were found. Organizations were classified based on tradition, number of active members, ethnic composition, and date established. A time sequence analysis was done to study patterns of diffusion. Simple and multiple regressions were performed to explore factors responsible for the degree of presence of Buddhist groups. Attributes included: education level, ethnicity, political ideology based on voting patterns, and population total and density. Colorado had the g...
AlGaN composition dependence of the band offsets for epitaxial Gd2O3/AlxGa1−xN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.67) heterostructures

Gd2O3 films were prepared on (0001)-oriented AlxGa1−xN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.67) thin film substrates via reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction revealed that these films possessed the cubic bixbyite structure regardless of substrate composition and were all 111-oriented with in-plane rotations to account for the symmetry difference between the oxide film and nitride epilayer. Valence band offsets were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and were determined to be 0.41 ± 0.02 eV, 0.17 ± 0.02 eV, and 0.06 ± 0.03 eV at the Gd2O3/AlxGa1−xN interfaces for x = 0, 0.28, and 0.67, respectively.
79 Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of trinucleotide repeat (TNR) DNA

The expansion of trinucleotide repeat (TNR) DNA has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases (McMurray, 2010). The number of repeats is usually a characteristic indication of the severity of TNR-related diseases, with longer repeats giving higher propensity to expand and earlier onset of symptoms (Lopez, Cleary, & Pearson, 2010). It is generally accepted that formation of noncanonical secondary structures, such as stem-loop hairpins or slipouts, contributes to the expansion mechanisms during aberrant DNA replication or repair processes (Mirkin, 2007). The stability of these hairpins is considered an important factor (Paiva & Sheardy, 2005). In this work, we used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV–Vis spectroscopy to study the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of a series of (CTG)n and (CAG)n TNR stem-loop hairpins and their corresponding (CTG)n/(CAG)n duplexes (n = 6–14). We found that hairpins with n = even and n = even + 1 (odd) repeats possess very similar thermodynamic stability...
The role of doctoral programs in preparing faculty for multiple roles in the academy

The transition from faculty to administration roles, as well as full-orbed faculty positions, would be smoother if doctoral programs were expanded to include a focus on collegiality and service.
The St. Petersburg paradox: A con games?

Abstract Careful analysis of the “St. Petersburg” lottery reveals no logical or mathematical absurdity inherent in risk neutrality for money. There is an empirical absurdity, but it rests on an additional, easily overlooked assumption about the gullibility of the gambler that is itself empirically absurd.
Use of the ON-Q pain pump management system in the head and neck: Preliminary report:

Management of postoperative pain can be critical to the success of a patient's recovery following head and neck surgery. Various medications and delivery methods have been described. They attempt to maximize patients' comfort while minimizing many of the medications' potential side effects. Continuous wound perfusion pain management systems are being used in various surgical specialties. However, this is the first paper to describe the use of one such pain management system (On-Q) in thyroid and parotid surgeries. Statistically significant less levels of pain, use of opioids and nausea/vomiting were noted in patients who used the On-Q system. There were no complications. Use of continuous wound perfusion management systems should be further investigated and highly considered in patients undergoing various head and neck procedures.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in pediatric patients.

Background Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease in children. The most significant clinical features of PNH include: bone marrow failure, intravascular hemolysis, and thrombosis. To further characterize the clinical presentation and outcome to treatment we performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with PNH. Procedure We reviewed the medical records of 12 consecutive pediatric patients with PNH diagnosed at our institution from 1992 to 2010. Results Presenting clinical symptoms included: bone marrow failure (N = 10); gross hemoglobinuria with isolated red cell anemia (N = 1); and jaundice, hepatitis, and isolated thrombocytopenia (N = 1). Immunosuppressive therapy was the initial treatment for 8 patients. Five patients had myelodysplastic features without developing excessive blasts or leukemic transformation. Thrombosis occurred in 6 patients. Five patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) of whom 3 patients are alive and disease-free. Three patients received anti-complement therapy with eculizumab. Two patients died following complications related to thrombosis and 2 patients are transfusion independent with stable disease. Conclusion This report highlights a high rate of bone marrow failure along with a low rate of hemoglobinuria at presentation, a high rate of thrombosis, and for some patients the spontaneous resolution of myelodysplastic features. Delay in diagnosis is common and we recommend appropriate PNH testing in all patients with AA, MDS, unexplained Coombs-negative hemolysis, or thrombosis. While HSCT remains the only curative option the high prevalence of hemolysis and thrombosis should warrant the consideration of early treatment with anti-complement therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:525–529. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of thyrotropin and N6,O2′-dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate on prostaglandin levels in thyroid

Abstract We have shown that TSH increases PG levels in isolated bovine thyroid cells. We now report that TSH also increases PG levels in rat and mouse thyroid, and that these effects may be mediated via cyclic AMP. PG and cyclic AMP levels in intact rat and mouse thyroid lobes were measured by radioimmunoassay. During 60-min incubations at 37°C, 25 mU/ml TSH effected a 75–83% increase in PGE1 and PGF2α ”equivalents“ in rat thyroid; parallel measurements of endogenous cyclic AMP in these intact thyroid lobes revealed that maximal TSH-induced increase in cyclic AMP also required 60-min incubations. In mouse thyroid, 5 mU/ml TSH increased PGE1 and PGF2α levels 38–82% above basal; this TSH effect was evident within 15 min of incubation, thus mimicking the time-course of TSH-induced increase in mouse thyroid cyclic AMP. Exogenous DBcAMP, 0.5 to 3 mM, effected a dose-related increase in mouse thyroid PG levels. The stimulatory effects of both TSH and DBcAMP on mouse thyroid PG levels were abolished by aspirin and indomethacin. These studies suggest that TSH-induced increase in endogenous PG levels in thyroid may be mediated by cyclic AMP.
Late Inguinal Metastasis of a Well-Differentiated Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Radical Toe Amputation

Background Although squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is commonly found on sun-exposed skin, this malignancy in nail beds is rare. There is a very low rate of metastases, especially for well-differentiated lesions without bony involvement. Objective To present a case of late inguinal metastasis after radical toe amputation 3 years previously for subungual SCC. Materials and Methods Case report. Results The patient received modified inguinal lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy. No recurrence or metastases were observed for 12 months. Conclusion For patients with subungual SCC postsurgery, it is important to regularly evaluate for a minimum of 3 years, despite the very low rate of metastases.
Hymenolepis diminuta: Membrane transport of glucose and β-methylglucoside

Abstract Absorption kinetics of [14C]glucose and [β-methyl-14C]glucoside in Hymenolepis diminuta are reported. β-Methylglucoside (βMG) is a pure competitive inhibitor of [14C]glucose transport and has kinetic parameters, Vmax and Kt, for transport similar to those reported for glucose. While absorbed 14C-βMG is not metabolized, transport of this glucose analog retains the general characteristics which have been established for glucose transport including: (1) Na+ dependence, (2) inhibition by K+, (3) sensitivity to phlorizin and various hexoses, (4) transport against an apparent concentration gradient, and (5) increase in worm water during accumulation. It is concluded that glucose and βMG are transported by the same system. The value of using βMG to study the mechanism of hexose transport and accumulation in H. diminuta is suggested.
Late radiation response of the canine trachea with change in dose per fraction

Seventy-two dogs were given 36 to 74 Gy to the trachea in either 2, 3, or 4 Gy per fraction. Tracheal sections were histologically and morphometrically evaluated 6 months after irradiation to determine the relative percentage of goblet cells, submucosal glands, connective tissue and blood vessels. The percent of each tissue component was plotted against total dose, regression lines calculated and isoeffective doses obtained for construction of isoeffect curves. Probit analysis for probability of surface ulceration also was done. Another group of 32 dogs received either 36, 44, or 52 Gy in 4 Gy fractions and tracheas were similarly analyzed at 1, 3, and 12 months after irradiation. Goblet cells and submucosal glands decreased with increasing total dose in each of the dose per fraction groups while connective tissue increased. Lower doses per fraction had more shallow dose response curves and higher total doses were required to produce an isoeffect. The alpha/beta ratios for tissues at 6 months after irradiation were 3.5 Gy for decrease in goblet cells, 4.7 Gy for probability for surface ulceration, 4.5 Gy for decrease in submucosal glands and 1.8 Gy for increase in connective tissue. Goblet cells and submucosal gland numbers decreased within 1 month and remained significantly decreased at higher doses at 12 months. Although there was no dose response for vasculature volume at 6 months, significant perivascular and intimal fibrosis was observed. This study revealed significant damage to the trachea at high total doses and large doses per fraction. The relatively low alpha/beta ratios obtained indicates that these adverse effects are late effects. Significant sparing of the adverse late effects was present at lower doses per fraction. These results indicate that coarser fractionation schemes that include the trachea in the treatment volume could be potentially dangerous.
Compression-ratio-based seizure detection

For wireless seizure monitoring devices seizure detection and data compression are two critical tasks that need to be carefully designed against a very tight power budget to maximize the battery life. These two tasks are usually considered separately and algorithms for each are developed separately. In this paper, we consider having a single low-power algorithm for implementing both seizure detection and data compression. Towards that end, we investigated compression ratio (CR) as a seizure marker and show that the seizure detection can be achieved as a by-product of compression with no additional cost, and thus overall system power can be reduced. We show that the proposed method, the CR-based seizure detection has promising performance with 88% seizure detection accuracy, and 5.5 false positives per hour (FPh) without any computation overhead.
Rapid Surface Tension Determinations Using a Modified Pendant Drop Technique

In the search for a way of speeding up the pendant drop method of measuring surface tension, a development was made which permitted a reduction of approximately 75 per cent in time required for a determination. This modified method permits a monetary saving in addition to the saving in time, by eliminating a photographic process. This method offers advantages over other surface tension methods for certain uses.
Characteristics of meso-carbon microbeads separated from pitch

Abstract Mesophase spherules separated by solvent fractionation from heat-treated coal-tar pitch and from heat-treated asphalt at 430°C are named “meso-carbon microbeads”. Characteristics of these mesophase microbeads were studied. The meso-carbon microbeads are classified into three types, type C, type M and type P, corresponding to the raw pitch materials. The chemical composition of type C and type M consists of high molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons having short side chains of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of type P consists of small ring number aromatic hydrocarbons having long side chains of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The shapes of the meso-carbon microbeads are classified into lemon-like and spherical by their shape. The meso-carbon microbeads do not fuse or melt by heat-treatment. The graphitizability of heat-treated meso-carbon microbeads is not high. When the meso-carbon microbeads are heat-treated at 300–500°C in a medium of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene, pyrene, chrysene and pitch) their behavior is similar to that of mesophase spherules in pitch. However, when the ratio of the meso-carbon microbeads to the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon was changed, the behavior of the microbeads was peculiar.
Gastroduodenal Safety of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) derived eicosanoids promote gastroprotcctive mucosal defenses and induce platelet aggregation. By sparing COX-1, COX-2 specific inhibitors provide effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity while substantially, reducing the risk of peptic ulcer disease and GI bleeding compared to dual COX inhibitors (traditional NSAIDs). Clinical studies of the COX-2-selective inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy equivalent to nonselective NSAIDs with significantly lower rates of G1 toxicity. The incidence of endoscopic ulcers in some studies with coxibs has approximated placebo. However, as the detection of cndoscopic lesions is not always correlated with symptomatic ulcers and ulcer complications, outcome studies of GI safety were performed. The results of large outcome studies have evaluated rofecoxib and celecoxib in over 39,000 patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Results of these studies showed that patients taking a supratherapeutic dose of rofecoxib or celecoxib had significantly lower rates of GI-related adverse events than those taking a nonselective NSAID. The Gl safety of coxibs for patients using low dose aspirin concomitantly with a coxib appears to be reduced, particularly with regard to ulcer complications. Such data provide support for the COX-2 hypothesis and demonstrate that coxibs provide effective treatment of pain and inflammation with a reduced risk of gastropathy.
A Multidirectional Model for Assessing Learning Disabled Students' Intelligence: An Information-Processing Framework:

This article presents an information-processing approach to the assessment of learning disabled students' intellectual performance. The model is based on the assumption that intelligent behavior is...
A Revision of the Questionnaire for Couples in Stepfamilies

This study describes the efforts to develop and validate the Revised Questionnaire for Couples in Stepfamilies (RQCS). Utilizing exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques, a 22-item scale is presented. Concurrent validity between the original and revised instruments is assessed with a measure of marital instability. Two independent samples, from different regions of the United States, are used to cross-validate the findings. Results suggest that relative to the original instrument, the RQCS can be used to assess 4 domains of stepfamily difficulties without significant loss of measurement precision.
Not just surviving, but thriving: perceived strengths of successful US‐based travel agencies

In-depth interviews with owners of 19 exceptionally successful US-based travel agencies were analyzed using a ground theory approach to reveal customer service excellence, employee enrichment and effective networking as three core perceived strengths that comprise a theme of ‘relationship building’. The latter is supported by a theme of ‘facilitation’ entailing diligent client selection, a culture of learning, high adaptability (related to technology and product realignment), scale, adherence to business basics, and owner optimism. Together, both themes suggest a macro-theme of ‘deep commitment’. The results provide guidelines for aspiring travel agency owners. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simplifying clinical use of the genetic risk prediction model BRCAPRO

Health care providers need simple tools to identify patients at genetic risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Genetic risk prediction models such as BRCAPRO could fill this gap if incorporated into Electronic Medical Records or other Health Information Technology solutions. However, BRCAPRO requires potentially extensive information on the counselee and her family history. Thus, it may be useful to provide simplified version(s) of BRCAPRO for use in settings that do not require exhaustive genetic counseling. We explore four simplified versions of BRCAPRO, each using less complete information than the original model. BRCAPROLYTE uses information on affected relatives only up to second degree. It is in clinical use but has not been evaluated. BRCAPROLYTE-Plus extends BRCAPROLYTE by imputing the ages of unaffected relatives. BRCAPROLYTE-Simple reduces the data collection burden associated with BRCAPROLYTE and BRCAPROLYTE-Plus by not collecting the family structure. BRCAPRO-1Degree only uses first-degree affected relatives. We use data on 2,713 individuals from seven sites of the Cancer Genetics Network and MD Anderson Cancer Center to compare these simplified tools with the Family History Assessment Tool (FHAT) and BRCAPRO, with the latter serving as the benchmark. BRCAPROLYTE retains high discrimination; however, because it ignores information on unaffected relatives, it overestimates carrier probabilities. BRCAPROLYTE-Plus and BRCAPROLYTE-Simple provide better calibration than BRCAPROLYTE, so they have higher specificity for similar values of sensitivity. BRCAPROLYTE-Plus performs slightly better than BRCAPROLYTE-Simple. The Areas Under the ROC curve are 0.783 (BRCAPRO), 0.763 (BRCAPROLYTE), 0.772 (BRCAPROLYTE-Plus), 0.773 (BRCAPROLYTE-Simple), 0.728 (BRCAPRO-1Degree), and 0.745 (FHAT). The simpler versions, especially BRCAPROLYTE-Plus and BRCAPROLYTE-Simple, lead to only modest loss in overall discrimination compared to BRCAPRO in this dataset. Thus, we conclude that simplified implementations of BRCAPRO can be used for genetic risk prediction in settings where collection of complete pedigree information is impractical.
Interaction Analysis Applied to Teaching

"Look who's talking!" usually is denigrating, but not when it's used to characterize the obser vational method described in this article.
The genetic family history as a risk assessment tool in internal medicine.

Purpose: The study goals were to (1) determine the proportion of unselected individuals at increased risk for diseases with known genetic components and (2) compare the documentation and quality of risk assessment between a questionnaire, a pedigree interview, and chart review. Methods: Seventy-eight patients seen in a division of internal medicine were randomized into two groups, which completed a questionnaire or underwent a pedigree interview. Chart notes were compared to both study tools. Results: Sixty-two (79.5%) of the 78 participants scored at increased risk for at least one category. Either of the two study tools found significantly more people at high risk (48/78, 61.5%) than the chart review (31/78, 39.7%) (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Approximately 20% of patients in an unselected internal medicine practice were at an increased risk that was not documented in reviewed chart notes. Targeted family history analysis reveals patients who require increased medical surveillance, preventive measures, or genetic counseling/testing.
Proteomics-based Compositional Analysis of Complex Cellulase–Hemicellulase Mixtures

Efficient deconstruction of cellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars for fuel and chemical production is accomplished by a complex mixture of cellulases, hemicellulases, and accessory enzymes (e.g., >50 extracellular proteins). Cellulolytic enzyme mixtures, produced industrially mostly using fungi like Trichoderma reesei, are poorly characterized in terms of their protein composition and its correlation to hydrolytic activity on cellulosic biomass. The secretomes of commercial glycosyl hydrolase-producing microbes was explored using a proteomics approach with high-throughput quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we show that proteomics-based spectral counting approach is a reasonably accurate and rapid analytical technique that can be used to determine protein composition of complex glycosyl hydrolase mixtures that also correlates with the specific activity of individual enzymes present within the mixture. For example, a strong linear correlation was seen between Avicelase activity and total cellobiohydrolase content. Reliable, quantitative and cheaper analytical methods that provide insight into the cellulosic biomass degrading fungal and bacterial secretomes would lead to further improvements toward commercialization of plant biomass-derived fuels and chemicals.
First Reported Mortality and Associated Pathology Attributed to Acolpenteron ureteroecetes inLargemouth Bass

Abstract Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides presented with a history of inappetence, epidermal darkening, disorientation, recumbancy with intermittent muscular spasms, and then death. Internal examination revealed an enlarged, pale kidney. A wet mount preparation of kidney tissue demonstrated high numbers of adults and eggs of the monogenean Acolpenteron ureteroecetes. Bacteriology and virology were negative. Histological examination revealed degenerative renal changes associated with renal tubular and ureteral parasitism. This kidney disease was assumed to have resulted from an ascending urinary bladder infestation. Previous reports of Acolpenteron have included incidental findings restricted to the urinary bladder and ureters, without associated pathology. This is the first report of A. ureteroecetes infesting the renal tubules, and it documents the pathogenic potential of this organism in a recirculating system.
The DISC Predictive Scales (DPS): efficiently screening for diagnoses.

ABSTRACT Objective To derive and test a series of brief diagnosis-specific scales to identify subjects who are at high probability of meeting diagnostic criteria and those who may safely be spared more extensive diagnostic inquiry. Method Secondary data analysis of a large epidemiological data set ( n = 1,286) produced a series of gate and contingent items for each diagnosis. Findings were replicated in a second retrospective analysis from a residential care sample ( n = 884). The DISC Predictive Scales (DPS) were then used prospectively as a self-report questionnaire in two studies, in which parents ( n = 128) and/or adolescents ( n = 208) had subsequent diagnostic interviewing with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children or the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. Results All analyses showed that gate item selection was valid and that any missed cases were due solely to inconsistent reports on the same questions. Screening performance of the full scales was shown to be good, and substantial reductions in scale length were not associated with significant changes in discriminatory power. Conclusions The DPS can accurately determine subjects who can safely be spared further diagnostic inquiry in any diagnostic area. This has the potential to speed up structured diagnostic interviewing considerably. The full DPS can be used to screen accurately for cases of specific DSM-III-R disorders.
Host‐induced gene silencing inhibits the biotrophic pathogen causing downy mildew of lettuce

Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference-based approach in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are produced in the host plant and subsequently move into the pathogen to silence pathogen genes. As a proof-of-concept, we generated stable transgenic lettuce plants expressing siRNAs targeting potentially vital genes of Bremia lactucae, a biotrophic oomycete that causes downy mildew, the most important disease of lettuce worldwide. Transgenic plants, expressing inverted repeats of fragments of either the Highly Abundant Message #34 (HAM34) or Cellulose Synthase (CES1) genes of B. lactucae, specifically suppressed expression of these genes, resulting in greatly reduced growth and inhibition of sporulation of B. lactucae. This demonstrates that HIGS can provide effective control of B. lactucae in lettuce; such control does not rely on ephemeral resistance conferred by major resistance genes and therefore offers new opportunities for durable control of diverse diseases in numerous crops.
HSDL: A Security Development Lifecycle for hardware technologies

Security assurance is a rapidly evolving but well understood discipline in the software industry. Many firms have adopted the Security Development Lifecycle as a process to identify and fix vulnerabilities in their products before they are released. To do this, they rely on sound software security practices, tools and precise technical information available through a vast collection of publicly known vulnerabilities and exploits. Historically, secure development practices for hardware products have not developed as fast. Only a limited number of methodologies, standards, exploits, and testing tools exist to assist vendors with their security assurance goals. This paper presents a Hardware Security Development Lifecycle at the hardware technology level that has been used on commercial CPUs, chipsets, and SoCs. It describes how a structured flow of analysis and testing activities organized in five phases can accelerate the discovery of security issues in computer hardware products that could be exploited through software or physical attacks. We summarize lessons learned over several years of security evaluation experience that have resulted in a systematic method that can be adapted to make security assurance an integral part of hardware development cycles.
Measurement of electron temperatures in the hollow cathode discharge

A system has been designed which will rapidly and conveniently measure the electron temperature in a hollow cathode discharge. The measurement system is based on the floating double probe technique. Preliminary results obtained with this system indicate that the electron temperature depends on lamp current, fill gas pressure, and cathode material. These results are compared to those found in the literature for low pressure, microwave, and radiofrequency discharges. The electron temperatures measured in the three types of discharges have similar values, but the different discharges show strikingly different dependences on plasma composition.
SLEEPING WITH THE ENEMY: THE ECONOMIC COST OF INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS

This paper extends the literature on collective rent-seeking by introducing the possibility that a competing group may be a subset of another. We develop a model that incorporates the potential for some individuals to be party of both sides of a conflict, which creates interdependence of payoffs. Results indicate that strategic individual behavior, and the resulting rent dissipation, is affected by the relative size of the groups. We conduct an experimental test of the model and find that observed laboratory behavior corresponds well with the game-theoretic comparative-static predictions.
Emotional Intelligence: A Theoretical Overview and Implications for Research and Professional Practice in Sport Psychology

Over the past five years, sport psychology researchers and practitioners have become increasingly vocal in their suggestions that emotional intelligence (EI) may be an important construct in the sport domain. Initial research in sport has been valuable for gaining preliminary insights, but use of disparate theoretical frameworks and assessment techniques confuses rather than clarifies potential links between EI and sport. Specifically, the use of different definitions, conceptualizations, and assessment inventories may yield different EI profiles of the same individual or team. This disparity has important implications for applied sport psychology, where there is a call for the use of theoretical paradigms, objective and subjective assessments, and empirical research to inform practice. The purposes of this paper, therefore, are to: (a) review EI models and assessment inventories; (b) review research on EI in business, health, and sport; and (c) identify directions for future research and professional pra...
Primary cilia of the corneal endothelium

A primary cilium is a normal component of every rabbit corneal endothelial cell, rather than being a rare or sporadic organelle, as previously believed. In common with other cilia of this type it possesses an axonemal organization of 9 +0 which converts distally to 8 + 1; it occurs only one per cell; and the basal body is accompanied by a proximal centriole. Additional structures associated with the basal body are nine transitional fibers, four striated satellite arms, and several rootlets. Ladderlike structures extend between the two centrioles to form the wall of a barrel. Reexamination of primary cilia from other tissues indicates that the ultrastructure of endothelial cilia may be characteristic of primary cilia in general.
Thermomechanical stress fields in high-temperature fibrous composites. I: Unidirectional laminates

Abstract This two-part paper presents a closed-form procedure for evaluation of estimates of local thermomechanical stress fields in two-phase fibrous composites and laminates. The first part is concerned with a unidirectional elastic laminate subjected to uniform mechanical loads and to uniform changes in temperature. Both phases are assumed to be elastic, with temperature-dependent moduli and expansion coefficients; the solution reflects the influence of thermomechanical interactions. Exact solutions are not possible for any real system, because the local geometry is not known in detail. Instead, estimates of the fields are found from a modified Mori-Tanaka approximation. Examples are presented for two SiC/TiAlNb composites. Local stresses of interest are found after cooling from fabrication to room temperature. The presence of local yielding, and the influence of coupling terms on the local stress magnitudes are examined. Extension of the results to laminated plates is presented in Part II (Dvorak, G.J., Chen, T. & Teply, J., Composites Science and Technology, 43 (1992) 359–368, this issue).