cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of Lgals3 Protects Against Gonadectomy-Induced Cortical Bone Loss in Mice

Sex hormone deprivation commonly occurs following menopause in women or after androgen-depletion during prostate cancer therapy in men, resulting in rapid bone turnover and loss of bone mass. There is a need to identify novel therapies to improve bone mass in these conditions. Previously, we identified age- and sex-dependent effects on bone mass in mice with deletion of the gene encoding the β-galactoside binding lectin, galectin-3 (Lgals3-KO). Due to the influence of sex on the phenotype, we tested the role of sex hormones, estrogen (β-estradiol; E2), and androgen (5α-dihydroxytestosterone; DHT) in Lgals3-KO mice. To address this, we subjected male and female wild-type and Lgals3-KO mice to gonadectomy ± E2 or DHT rescue and compared differential responses in bone mass and bone formation. Following gonadectomy, male and female Lgals3-KO mice had greater cortical bone expansion (increased total area; T.Ar) and reduced loss of bone area (B.Ar). While T.Ar and B.Ar were increased in response to DHT in wild-type mice, DHT did not alter these parameters in Lgals3-KO mice. E2 rescue more strongly increased B.Ar in Lgals3-KO compared to wild-type female mice due to a failure of E2 to repress the increase in T.Ar following gonadectomy. Lgals3-KO mice had more osteoblasts relative to bone surface when compared to wild-type animals in sham, gonadectomy, and E2 rescue groups. DHT suppressed this increase. This study revealed a mechanism for the sex-dependency of the Lgals3-KO aging bone phenotype and supports targeting galectin-3 to protect against bone loss associated with decreased sex hormone production.
Do psoriasis patients engage in vigorous physical activity

Psoriasis is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial infarction, but regular physical activity is known to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. We performed a systematic review of PubMed articles indexed for MEDLINE as well as articles in the Embase database and Cochrane Library using the search terms psoriasis and physical activity to determine the likelihood of psoriasis patients to engage in vigorous physical activity. A total of 353 nonduplicate articles were identified, and of 4 relevant studies, one provided sufficient data and was included in our review. Results from our review indicate that individuals with psoriasis are less likely to participate in vigorous physical activity compared to individuals without psoriasis. Further research is necessary to clarify this relationship.
Efficient Context-Sensitive CFI Enforcement Through a Hardware Monitor

Recent works on Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) have mainly focused on Context-Sensitive CFI policies to provide higher security guarantees. They utilize a debugging hardware feature in modern Intel CPUs, Processor Trace (PT), to efficiently collect runtime contextual information. These PT-based CFI mechanisms offload the processing of the collected PT trace and CFI enforcement onto idle cores. However, a processor does not always have idle cores due to the commonly-used multi-threaded applications such as web browsers. In fact, dedicating one or more cores for CFI enforcement reduces the number of available cores for running user programs. Our evaluation with a state-of-the-art CFI mechanism (\(\mu \)CFI) shows that the performance overhead of a CFI mechanism can substantially increase (up to 652% on a single-core processor) when there is no idle core for CFI enforcement. To improve the performance of \(\mu \)CFI, we propose to leverage a hardware monitor that unlike PT does not incur trace processing overhead. We show that the hardware monitor can be used to efficiently collect program traces (<1% overhead) in their original forms and apply \(\mu \)CFI. We prototype the hardware-monitor based \(\mu \)CFI on a single-core RISC-V processor. Our analysis show that hardware-monitor based \(\mu \)CFI incurs, on average, 43% (up to 277%) performance overhead.
Invasive candidiasis species distribution and trends, United States, 2009-2017.

Background Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a growing concern among US healthcare facilities. A large-scale study evaluating incidence and trends of IC in the United States by species and body site is needed to understand the distribution of infection. Methods An electronic medical record database was used to calculate incidence and trends of IC in the United States by species and infection site from 2009 through 2017. Hospital incidence was calculated using total unique inpatient hospitalizations in hospitals reporting at least 1 Candida case as the denominator. IC incidence trends were assessed using generalized estimating equations with exchangeable correlation structure to fit Poisson regression models, controlling for changes in hospital characteristics and case mix over time. Results Candida albicans remains the leading cause of IC in the United States, followed by Candida glabrata. The overall incidence of IC was 90/100 000 patients, which did not change significantly over time. There were no changes in incidence among C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, or C. tropicalis; the incidence of other Candida spp. as a whole increased 7.2% annually. While there was no change in candidemia 2009-2017, abdominal and nonabdominal sterile site IC increased significantly. Conclusions Nonbloodstream IC is increasing in the United States. Understanding the epidemiology of IC should facilitate improved management of infected patients.
Full arch monolithic zirconia prosthesis in a patient with bilateral cleft palate: A clinical report.

Abstract Adult patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate present unique challenges for prosthodontic treatment because of mobility of the premaxillary segment, oral-nasal communication, multiple missing and malpositioned anterior teeth, unfavorable soft tissues, and scar tissue underneath the maxillary lip. This clinical report describes the prosthodontic treatment of an adult patient with a terminal maxillary dentition and bilateral cleft palate, by using 5 dental implants and a 1-piece complete-arch fixed implant-supported prosthesis made of monolithic zirconia. The zirconia prosthesis aided in rigidly splinting not only the implants but also in orthopedically splinting the mobile premaxillary segment to the maxilla. Additional surgical and prosthodontic considerations in splinting the mobile premaxilla as well as biomechanical principles involved in management of such patients are also presented in this article.
Early Treatment Improvements in Depression Are Associated With Overall Improvements in Fatigue Impact and Pain Interference in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background Depression, fatigue, and pain commonly co-occur in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are positively associated with one another. However, it is unclear whether treatment-related improvement in one of these symptoms is associated with improvements in the other two symptoms. Purpose This study examined whether early improvements in depressive symptoms, fatigue impact, and pain interference during a multisymptom intervention in persons with MS were associated with overall improvements in the other two symptoms. Methods Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which both treatments improved depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain interference. Adults with MS experiencing chronic pain, chronic fatigue, and/or moderate depressive symptoms (N = 154, 86% women) participated in an 8-week, telephone-delivered intervention: self-management (n = 69) or education (n = 85); intervention groups were combined for the current study. Outcome measures were depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), fatigue impact (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale), and pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory). Path analysis examined associations between pre-to-mid intervention improvement in one symptom (i.e., depression, fatigue, pain interference) and pre-to-post (overall) improvement in the other two symptoms. Results Early reduction in depressive symptoms was associated with an overall reduction in pain interference and fatigue impact (p's Conclusions These findings suggest the potential importance of reducing depressive symptoms to overall improvement in fatigue and pain interference in persons with MS. Clinical trial registrations NCT00944190.
Fraternity and sorority membership and risky sexual behavior.

Objectives: To determine the impact of fraternity and sorority membership on condom use during sex. Methods: Utilizing data from The American College Health Association (ACHA) National College Heal...
Citation Databases for Legal Scholarship: Ranking the Top 28 Law Faculties

The 2019 announcement by U.S. News that it would introduce a new law faculty ranking based on legal scholarship citation data from HeinOnline was met with concern by the legal academy. One of the criticisms of the proposed ranking is the choice of HeinOnline as the citation data source. HeinOnline was criticized both for inaccuracies and because its citation data is limited to the legal journals that it carries. This study examines the effects of the data source on metrics and rankings by using three sources of legal scholarship citation data: Google Scholar, Westlaw, and HeinOnline. It compares six years of citations to works by all of the tenured and tenure-track members of the top twenty-eight faculties as determined by recent citation studies by Sisk and Heald and Sichelman. Rankings generated using Sisk’s method, originally developed by Leiter, on the data from the three sources showed moderate to high correlation (0.77 to 0.96) to each other. Total citations and total publications for each faculty were moderately to highly correlated to rankings using this method. Faculty size showed low to moderate correlation. Citations-per-faculty member showed very high correlation (0.98 to 0.99) to all three sources. The main differences between HeinOnline and Westlaw were due to the possibility of obtaining citations to works outside of Westlaw’s database, especially books. Inclusion of citations to outside works would improve the HeinOnline results and bring them closer to the Westlaw results. Differences between both legal databases and Google Scholar were largely the result of the inability to separate citations to multiple editions of a book and the inclusion of several highly-cited articles in medical, economic, or political science journals. Use of normalized or scaled indicators would be a helpful method to include citations to these interdisciplinary works while not allowing their much-larger numbers of citations to skew the rankings. Because citations-per-faculty member is such a strong driver of the Leiter method, a school could game the rankings by buying out or otherwise moving low-cited or unproductive faculty, thereby reducing the number of faculty and increasing citations-per-faculty member. Use of metrics like the h-index, which only takes high-cited papers into account, or other composite metrics, would reduce the opportunity for gaming in this manner.
Parallel AIOHMM-GAN: A Novel Stochastic Driver Behavior Model for Autonomous Vehicles Suffering From Oncoming High Beams

Oncoming vehicle high-beams pose a potential risk to the object detection performance of cameras in autonomous driving. In this scenario, modeling stochastic human driving behavior becomes a challenging task. This paper provides an integrated framework that generates appropriate driving operations to handle the oncoming high-beams scenario based on human driver data. By decomposing human drivers' pedal and steering signals, a parallel autoregressive input-output hidden Markov model (p-AIOHMM) is developed to capture the temporal dependencies of the decomposed driving actions. Besides, parallel generative adversarial networks (p-GAN) are proposed to reconstruct the pedal positions and the steering angles from the p-AIOHMM-based actions. All the parameters can be learned from the naturalistic driver data. Experimental results have verified that the developed parallel AIOHMM-GAN solution can perform a better task of driving behavior generation when suffering from oncoming high beams.
From education to action: Development and evaluation of a student-directed service learning program.

Purpose Service learning consists of service activities that respond to community-identified concerns, active learning about the population being served, and self-reflecting on the experience. The Service Learning Program (SLP) is a novel, student-led, longitudinal volunteering experience designed to address social determinants of health (SDOH) education in the undergraduate medical school curriculum. In this program, medical students complete requirements in three domains of service, education, and self-reflection over the span of one academic year. Methods and materials Participating students are sent surveys prior to and after a year of participation in SLP, which are aimed to measure changes in their perceived knowledge, attitudes, and skills in multiple domains related to service learning and social determinants of health. Results Over the course of the 2019-2020 year, 110 students who participated in SLP responded to both pre- and post-surveys. These students reported significant improvements in their confidence in various knowledge and skills related to SDOH, such as identifying vulnerable populations and assessing community needs. They also were more likely to report that learning about social determinants of health was 'very important' after participating the program. Conclusions Medical students participating in a longitudinal service learning program focused on SDOH can acquire knowledge and skills that will empower them to understand, advocate, and care for underserved populations as future physicians. This program provides a model for integrating service learning into undergraduate medical education.
Investigation of How IT Leadership Impacts IT-Business Alignment through Shared Domain Knowledge and Knowledge Integration

Ali Yayla Binghamton University SUNY ayayla@binghamton.edu Using full range leadership model and the knowledge integration view of organizations, we develop and test a model linking IT leadership to IT-business alignment. Specifically, we examine how transformational IT leadership behaviors influence IT-business alignment through mechanisms that develop shared domain knowledge between IT and business personnel and mechanisms that integrate specialized IT and business knowledge. We also examine how the former mechanisms influence the efficiency of the latter. This study contributes to the existing literature by suggesting transformational leadership and mechanisms related to knowledge integration as key factors in IT-business alignment.
Introduction to the network infrastructure warehouse

Communications Services Providers are faced with regulatory technology and marketplaces changes. Today's Operations Support Systems are not designed to support the enhanced decision-making abilities required to respond to these changes. A data warehouse such as NCF(R) Network infrastructure Warehouse gathers data from disparate databases on inconsistent platforms and in different formats via an architecture that transforms the data into a consistent format. Once that is in place, communications services providers can access, organize, and utilize their data more effectively and use modern reporting, analytical, and data mining tools in unprecedented ways. Benefits include enhanced decision-making capability, strategic differentiation, improved operating results, reduced operating costs, improved quality of service, improved return on assets, and improved competitive position.
Characterization of Chaotic Instabilities in an Electron-Hole Plasma in Germanium

Helical instabilities in an electron-hole plasma in Ge in parallel dc electric and magnetic fields are known to exhibit chaotic behavior. By fabricating probe contacts along the length of a Ge crystal we study the spatial structure of these instabilities, finding two types: (i) spatially coherent and temporally chaotic helical density waves characterized by strange attractors of measured fractal dimension d ~ 3, and (ii) beyond the onset of spatial incoherence, instabilities of indeterminately large fractal dimension d ≥ 8. In the first instance, calculations of the fractal dimension provide an effective means of characterizing the observed chaotic instabilities. However, in the second instance, these calculations do not provide a means of determining whether the observed plasma turbulence is of stochastic or of deterministic (i.e., chaotic) origin.
End-to-end performance isolation through virtual datacenters

The lack of performance isolation in multi-tenant datacenters at appliances like middleboxes and storage servers results in volatile application performance. To insulate tenants, we propose giving them the abstraction of a dedicated virtual datacenter (VDC). VDCs encapsulate end-to-end throughput guarantees--specified in a new metric based on virtual request cost--that hold across distributed appliances and the intervening network.We present Pulsar, a system that offers tenants their own VDCs. Pulsar comprises a logically centralized controller that uses new mechanisms to estimate tenants' demands and appliance capacities, and allocates datacenter resources based on flexible policies. These allocations are enforced at end-host hypervisors through multi-resource token buckets that ensure tenants with changing workloads cannot affect others. Pulsar's design does not require changes to applications, guest OSes, or appliances. Through a prototype deployed across 113 VMs, three appliances, and a 40 Gbps network, we show that Pulsar enforces tenants' VDCs while imposing overheads of less than 2% at the data and control plane.
DIN Retention‐Transport Through Four Hydrologically Connected Zones in a Headwater Catchment of the Upper Mississippi River1

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention-transport through a headwater catchment was syn- thesized from studies encompassing four distinct hydrologic zones of the Shingobee River Headwaters near the origin of the Mississippi River. The hydrologic zones included: (1) hillslope ground water (ridge to bankside riparian); (2) alluvial riparian ground water; (3) ground water discharged through subchannel sediments (hyporheic zone); and (4) channel surface water. During subsurface hillslope transport through Zone 1, DIN, primarily nitrate, decreased from 3m g-N⁄l to <0.1 mg-N ⁄l. Ambient seasonal nitrate:chloride ratios in hill- slope flow paths indicated both dilution and biotic processing caused nitrate loss. Biologically available organic carbon controlled biotic nitrate retention during hillslope transport. In the alluvial riparian zone (Zone 2) biolo- gically available organic carbon controlled nitrate depletion although processing of both ambient and amended nitrate was faster during the summer than winter. In the hyporheic zone (Zone 3) and stream surface water (Zone 4) DIN retention was primarily controlled by temperature. Perfusion core studies using hyporheic sedi- ment indicated sufficient organic carbon in bed sediments to retain ground water DIN via coupled nitrification- denitrification. Numerical simulations of seasonal hyporheic sediment nitrification-denitrification rates from perfusion cores adequately predicted surface water ammonium but not nitrate when compared to 5 years of monthly field data (1989-93). Mass balance studies in stream surface water indicated proportionally higher summer than winter N retention. Watershed DIN retention was effective during summer under the current land use of intermittently grazed pasture. However, more intensive land use such as row crop agriculture would decrease nitrate retention efficiency and increase loads to surface water. Understanding DIN retention capacity throughout the system, including special channel features such as sloughs, wetlands and floodplains that provide surface water-ground water connectivity, will be required to develop effective nitrate management strategies.
Difficult, Dysfunctional, and Drug-Dependent: Structure and Agency in Physician Perceptions of Indigent Patients

Many physicians exhibit reluctance to care for 90 million Americans who are uninsured or on Medicaid, citing concerns about litigation, reimbursement, and complexities inherent in treating indigent patients. This paper uses open-ended data from a nationally representative group of 275 doctors to explore physician perceptions of indigent patients and the strategies they use in caring for this population. This work reveals negative physician views about the medically indigent, critical of patient consumptive habits, health decisions, and ‘abuse’ of the system. I argue that despite negative perceptions of the underserved, physicians engage in innovative strategies to assist indigent patients by distinguishing between the deserving and the undeserving poor. This distinction, based on physician perceptions of the constraints and choices in patients' lives, enables doctors to exercise agency in choosing who and how to serve. Physicians commit ‘ultimate attribution error’ in perceiving patients as active agents, in stark contrast to viewing their own actions as dictated by rules of medical practice. This work adds critical insight to our understanding of relational power and the recursive nature of structure and agency between doctors and patients.
Colleagues as Raters of Classroom Instruction.

Colleagues can make a unique and important contribution to the evaluation of faculty performance. The evidence from this study, however, indicates that colleague ratings of teaching effectiveness b...
Application of ion-selectivity predictions to the analysis of ion binding by gels

Summary The development of a model for the prediction of ion-exchange selectivity has been described in some detail. Limitation of this model to moderately concentrated gels (> 0.5 m on a monomer basis) and/or simple salt-containing polyelectrolytes is specified to define the range of its utility. Its successful application in the defined operational range has been fully demonstrated. In addition the method has been successfully employed to facilitate the ultimate objective of this manuscript, the interpretation of data comparing the uptake by complexation of an ion such as Ni2+ with the uptake of the uncomplexed Na+ ion. The great quantity of such data that are reported in the literature has not been amenable to correct assessment. With the predictive quality of selectivity computations with the model presented it is now possible to resolve the complexation equilibria encountered in these studies from such data.
Hybrid Particle-Continuum Simulations of Low Knudsen Number Hypersonic Flows

A modular particle-continuum (MPC) numerical method is used to simulate steady-state hypersonic flows which exhibit local regions of non-equilibrium embedded within mainly continuum flow fields. The MPC method loosely couples direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and Navier-Stokes (NS) methods which operate in different regions, use different mesh densities, and are updated using different sized timesteps. The MPC method is applied to both a hollow cylinder flare and planetary probe ge ometry and results are compared with full NS and DSMC simulations as well as with experimental data. MPC simulations are demonstrated to reproduce experimental and full DSMC simulation results for surface and flow field properties including velocity slip, temperature jump, thermal non-equilibrium, heating rates, and pressure distributions with high accuracy. The hollow cylinder flare problem provides an insightful te st case for the MPC method, however, it is found un-suitable for practical hybrid simulation. Orders of magnitude variation in mean-free-path for the planetary probe problem make it an excellent candidate for hybrid simulation. For this case, MPC results are obtained approximately 12.5 times faster than a full DSMC simulation while requiring 20% of the memory.
Role of theory of mind in emotional awareness and alexithymia: Implications for conceptualization and measurement

Abstract The goal of this study was to determine whether alexithymia, which is characterized by difficulty in recognizing and describing emotions, is associated with impairments in the ability to mentally represent emotional states. We studied 89 outpatients including 29 conversion disorder patients, 30 functional somatic syndrome [e.g. fibromyalgia] patients and 30 medical controls. Groups did not differ on affective or cognitive Theory of Mind (ToM) measures, the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) or the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) after adjusting for Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) variables. Across all patients, LEAS but not TAS-20 correlated positively with affective and cognitive ToM measures after adjusting for PANAS scores. Impairments in ToM functioning influence LEAS performance but not TAS-20 scores. These findings support the distinction between a milder “anomia” form of alexithymia associated with impaired emotion naming and a more severe “agnosia” form associated with impaired mental representation of emotion.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-derived peptides as epitopes for hepatoma immunotherapy: a commentary

The various immunological roles of human alpha-fetoprotein (HAFP), and its correlation with hepatomas, that is, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), are not often addressed together in biomedical reports considering that HAFP is an established biomarker for hepatomas. Studies reporting measurement of HAFP serum levels in hepatoma patients in basic/clinical research settings has greatly increased over the years. Recent reports have now expanded our base knowledge in the mounting of an immune response against AFP, a self antigen, during hepatoma tumorigenesis. Advances in the detection and identification of AFP-derived peptide epitopes are opening new vistas of knowledge regarding the immunological role of AFP-peptides as T cell stimulating antigens in the course of hepatoma growth and progression. The present commentary addresses HAFP-derived peptides as immunologic responders in HCC and their use in the study and generation of AFP-peptide sensitized T cells directed against hepatoma cells. Attempts were further made to relate the AFP-derived peptide epitopes to T cell activities during the course of hepatoma immunotherapies and to profile the traits and properties of the peptides themselves. Hence, the present commentary was divided into two sections; (1) the characterization, properties, and traits of AFP peptide epitopes, and (2) the use of AFP-derived peptides in the therapeutic induction of T cells primed against hepatoma cells using both in vivo and in vitro models.
MTC 3D: A Fully Coupled Methodology for MSLB Safety Analysis

The main steam line break (MSLB) is an overcooling accident that may lead to an over criticality, and so to a power increase, after the reactor trip. The most penalizing single failure is a RCCA bank stuck out of the core when the reactor trip occurs. This configuration leads to a strong asymmetry of the radial power shape combined with a strong asymmetry of the core inlet temperature that results in a strongly distorted 3D power distribution.In the original design, the MSLB accident was studied with a simplified and conservative 0D method. The point kinetics approach requires the use of extremely conservative assumptions in order to account for the asymmetry in the core region that takes place during the transient. The use of the coupling between a three-dimensional neutronic code (SMART), a 3D core thermal-hydraulic code (FLICA cf. ref [4]) and a reactor coolant system code (MANTA cf. ref [3]) allows representing the 3D heterogeneity of the power shape and also of the resulting cross flows. In addition, this coupling allows determining moderator and Doppler feedback effects in a much more realistic way thus limiting accident consequences estimated.A methodology, called MTC3D (for Methode Totalement Couplee 3D in French), has been developed using the coupling between the three codes to perform the MSLB analysis. The physical dominant parameters of the transient are identified through a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. Then, a deterministic approach is used in the entire transient simulation considering dominant parameters in a penalizing way.In a first step, neutronic data are determined with SMART calculations. In a second step, MANTA/SMART/FLICA transients are performed with penalized neutronic and thermal-hydraulic data. In a third step, as the steam line break transient is a relatively slow transient, the core power distribution is evaluated with a steady state SMART/FLICA calculation without penalization. In a last step, safety criteria, such as minimum DNBR (Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio) are calculated with FLICA calculations based on core power distribution calculated at the third step and boundary conditions calculated at the second step.The use of 3D neutronic and detailed thermal-hydraulic codes to model the reactor core allows considering a more physical representation of the core configuration for transient analysis. The coupling between 3D neutronic and core thermal-hydraulic codes allows exhibiting intrinsic margins without over penalizations related to a simplified 0D method.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Photon statistics, parity measurements, and Heisenberg-limited interferometry: example of the two-mode SU(1,1) SU(1,1) coherent states

Parity measurement-based quantum optical interferometry and metrology is known to be sensitive to the joint photon number distribution, , of the two-mode quantum states inside the interferometer. In cases where the statistics display a clustering of the populations around the borders (i.e. along the axes ) with a plateau over most of the interior, Heisenberg-limited (or super-sensitive) measurements of phase shifts are enabled. This follows from the heuristic number-phase uncertainty relation because of the uncertainty in the location of the photons being ΔN ∼ . As an example of the connection between the photon statistics and Heisenberg-limited phase uncertainty, we study parity measurement-based interferometry of the two-mode Barut–Girardello coherent states for SU(1,1) SU(1,1) obtained from the coupling together of two representations of SU(1,1) each associated with single-mode boson realizations with Bargmann indices as discussed by Gerry and Benmoussa [Phys. Rev. A 2000, 62, 033812]. These states ge...
Usage-Based Schema Matching

Existing techniques for schema matching are classified as either schema-based, instance-based, or a combination of both. In this paper, we define a new class of techniques, called usage-based schema matching. The idea is to exploit information extracted from the query logs to find correspondences between attributes in the schemas to be matched. We propose methods to identify co-occurrence patterns between attributes in addition to other features such as their use in joins and with aggregate functions. Several scoring functions are considered to measure the similarity of the extracted features, and a genetic algorithm is employed to find the highest- score mappings between the two schemas. Our technique is suitable for matching schemas even when their attribute names are opaque. It can further be combined with existing techniques to obtain more accurate results. Our experimental study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the benefit of combining it with other existing approaches.
Impact of exercise on blood lipids and lipoproteins

Abnormal blood lipids are a significant cardiovascular health risk. Drug therapy and diet continue to be standard management strategies. However, considerable evidence supports physical activity and exercise as having a positive impact on abnormal lipids and such are often recommended as adjunctive interventions. The purpose of this review is to clarify the mechanisms by which exercise facilitates favorable changes in levels of blood lipids and lipoproteins. Studies relative to the effects of exercise on blood lipid levels are notable: The impact of exercise on high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) is best studied and specify effects of intensity and amount of exercise as well as a genetic influence. Exercise also exerts an effect on HDL-C maturation and composition, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol delivery to receptors (reverse cholesterol transport). Positive effects of exercise are also seen with blood triglycerides (TG), but little specific effect is seen on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). Abundant evidence supports the benefits of exercise on levels of certain blood lipids (namely HDL-C and TG). Although standard management of abnormal blood lipids is drug therapy and diet, it seems prudent to incorporate aerobic exercise as an important component of a healthy lifestyle. In certain individuals, drug therapy may be decreased in dosage or perhaps discontinued in the patient who is "exercise trained," especially if there is associated weight loss.
Winter Wheat Row Spacing and Alternative Crop Effects on Relay-Intercrop, Double-Crop, and Wheat Yields

In Missouri as well as much of the Midwest, the most popular double-cropping system was winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). These two crops can also be used in an intercrop system, but optimal row spacing was important to increase crop productivity. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) winter wheat inter- and double-crop production systems, using a variety of alternative crops, and (2) the impact of different wheat row spacings on intercrop establishment and yields within the various cropping systems. Field research was conducted during droughts in 2012 and 2013. Spacing of wheat rows impacted wheat yields by 150 kg ha−1, as well as yields of the alternative crops. Narrower row spacings (150 kg ha−1) and the double-crop system (575 kg ha−1) increased yield due to the lack of interference for resources with wheat in 2013. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values determining productivity of intercrop systems of 19 and 38 cm row showed an advantage for alternative crops in 2013, but not 2012. This signified that farmers in Northeast Missouri could potentially boost yield potential for a given field and produce additional forage or green manure yields in a year with less severe drought.
The separation of magnetite from silica particles by centrifugation using two immiscible liquids

Abstract An efficient recovery of magnetite particles of 400 500 mesh from a mixture of magnetite/silica particles has been investigated by imposing a balance between centrifugal and surface tensional forces on these particles in the presence of two immiscible liquids. The effect of centrifugal force, surface tensional force, density and size of particles on the overall metallurgical efficiency has been examined. A mathematical model based on a momentum balance on the particles at the liquid/liquid interface has been developed. The validity and limitations of the model are discussed in view of the experimental results obtained.
Analytic study of conduction and convective heat transfer in finite tube bundles

Abstract Exact analytic expressions for the static temperature fields and the heat fluxes for given velocity profiles are obtained over the cross section of a nuclear fuel rod-clustered circular coolant channel. The thermally fully developed region of the coolant channel is considered in this study. The temperatures and the heat fluxes at the fuel-cladding and the cladding-coolant interfaces are taken to be continuous. The analysis is carried out for both slug and fully developed laminar flows. For the latter case, the fully developed laminar velocity profile is determined by using the method of weighted residuals. The effect of the peripheral fuel rods on the temperature field is studied by using the method of Howland functions. The result of this study show how appreciable circumferential variations of the temperature and the heat flux in the fuel rod and the cladding can arise.
Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Motion Using Empirical Orthogonal Function Representations of the Environmental Wind Fields

Abstract Tropical wind fields from the U.S. Navy Global Band Analyses (GBA) are studied to depict the synoptic flow surrounding tropical cyclones. The composite fields of the zonal and meridional wind components on a grid centered on the tropical cyclone indicate physically realistic flow patterns. Scalar empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is used to represent the zonal and meridional GBA wind component fields. The representation of these components in terms of the first 35 out of a total of 527 EOF coefficients accounts for at least 80% of the total variance and eliminates much of the noise from the fields. This truncation requires only 7% of the storage needed for the original gridpoints. The eigenvectors can be interpreted as representing different synoptic flow patterns. Statistical regression equations are derived to predict the future zonal and meridional translation of the tropical cyclone. The EOF coefficients are used as predictors to represent the synoptic information for the scheme. T...
Qualitative MRI segmentation in mesial temporal sclerosis: clinical correlations.

Summary: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reliable and sensitive in the detection of mesial temporal atrophy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. We investigated the MRI patterns of atrophy in 47 patients with histologically confirmed hippocampal sclerosis and correlated the imaging findings to the clinical features and surgical outcome. One hundred percent of patients had hippocampal body atrophy, 70% had hippocampal tail atrophy, 23% had amygdala atrophy, and 10% had focal hippocampal body atrophy without other segmental involvement. Correlative analysis of the segmented MRI findings with other clinical variables, including a previous history of childhood febrile convulsions, showed no significant associations except for younger age of seizure onset associated with hippocampal tail atrophy (p < 0.03). No associations between surgical outcome and the patterns of mesial temporal atrophy were detected. Our results demonstrate that variable patterns of atrophy exist in mesial temporal atrophy, but invariably atrophy involves the hippocampal body segment. Segmental MRI analysis in mesial temporal atrophy provides added useful diagnostic information.
A novel high-throughput imaging system for automated analyses of avoidance behavior in zebrafish larvae

Early brain development can be influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors, with long-lasting effects on brain function and behavior. The identification of these factors is facilitated by recent innovations in high-throughput screening. However, large-scale screening in whole organisms remains challenging, in particular when studying changes in brain function or behavior in vertebrate model systems. In this study, we present a novel imaging system for high-throughput analyses of behavior in zebrafish larvae. The three-camera system can image 12 multiwell plates simultaneously and is unique in its ability to provide local visual stimuli in the wells of a multiwell plate. The acquired images are converted into a series of coordinates, which characterize the location and orientation of the larvae. The developed imaging techniques were tested by measuring avoidance behaviors in seven-day-old zebrafish larvae. The system effectively quantified larval avoidance and revealed an increased edge preference in response to a blue or red 'bouncing ball' stimulus. Larvae also avoid a bouncing ball stimulus when it is counter-balanced with a stationary ball, but do not avoid blinking balls counter-balanced with a stationary ball. These results indicate that the seven-day-old larvae respond specifically to movement, rather than color, size, or local changes in light intensity. The imaging system and assays for measuring avoidance behavior may be used to screen for genetic and environmental factors that cause developmental brain disorders and for novel drugs that could prevent or treat these disorders.
Strain-controlled creep rupture analysis of a beam on Winkler foundation

Abstract Based on the previously proposed uniaxial strain-controlled creep damage law, a continuum mechanical creep rupture analysis is carried out for a beam resting on a high temperature elastic Winkler foundation. The analysis includes the determination of the non-dimensional time for initial rupture, the propagation of the rupture front with the associated thinning of the beam, and the influence of creep damage on the deflection of the beam.
Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf

Abstract Thermistor chains and acoustic Doppler current profilers were deployed at the northern and southern ends of Monterey Bay to examine the thermal and hydrodynamic structure of the inner (h∼20 m) shelf of central California. These instruments sampled temperature and current velocity at 2-min intervals over a 13-month period from June 2000 to July 2001. Time series of these data, in conjunction with SST imagery and CODAR sea surface current maps, helped to establish the basic hydrography for Monterey Bay. Analysis of time series data revealed that depth integrated flow at both sites was shore parallel (northwest–southeast) with net flows out of the Bay (northwest). The current and temperature records were dominated by semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal signals that lagged the surface tides by 3 h on average. Over the course of an internal tidal cycle these flows were asymmetric, with the flow during the flooding internal tide to the southeast typically lasting only one-third as long as the flow to the northwest during the ebbing internal tide. The transitions from ebb to flood were rapid and bore-like in nature; they were also marked by rapid increases in temperature and high shear. During the spring and summer, when thermal stratification was high, we observed almost 2000 high-frequency (Tp∼4–20 min) internal waves in packets of 8–10 following the heads of these bore-like features. Previous studies along the West Coast of the US have concluded that warm water bores and high-frequency internal waves may play a significant role in the onshore transport of larvae.
Results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in the treatment of patellar dislocation.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the technique of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstrings or autogenous fascia lata and report the results at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Type of Study: This study represents a case series. Patients with patellofemoral instability following patellar dislocation were restrospectively reviewed after being treated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. No concurrent control group was used. Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients underwent medial patellofemoral repair or reconstruction in the treatment of patellar instability after patellar dislocation. The reconstructions were performed using autogenous gracilis and/or semitendinosus tendons or a strip of autogenous fascia lata. Fifteen patients were available for interview, examination, and radiographic evaluation, with a mean follow-up of 31.5 months. Results: Subjectively, 10 knees had excellent results, 3 knees obtained good results, 1 knee had a fair result, and 1 knee had a poor result, for a total of 93% improvement overall. Using Fulkerson's functional knee score, 93% had good or excellent results. The average postoperative result on Kujala's score for anterior knee symptoms was 88 (range, 80-100). The Tegner activity level averaged 6.8 preinjury and 6.7 postoperatively. Radiographic evaluation showed significant improvements in the congruence angle by an average of 20° ( P =.0006), and in the lateral patellofemoral angle by an average of 10° ( P =.0003). Conclusions: Surgical reconstruction or repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament provides favorable results for the treatment of recurrent patellofemoral dislocations with regard to radiographic findings, patient satisfaction, and functional outcome. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 17, No 3 (March), 2001: pp 298–306
Challenges and strategies in applying performance measurement to federal public health programs

Performance measurement is widely accepted in public health as an important management tool supporting program improvement and accountability. However, several challenges impede developing and implementing performance measurement systems at the federal level, including the complexity of public health problems that reflect multiple determinants and involve outcomes that may take years to achieve, the decentralized and networked nature of public health program implementation, and the lack of reliable and consistent data sources and other issues related to measurement. All three of these challenges hinder the ability to attribute program results to specific public health program efforts. The purpose of this paper is to explore these issues in detail and offer potential solutions that support the development of robust and practical performance measures to meet the needs for program improvement and accountability. Adapting performance measurement to public health programs is both an evolving science and art. Through the strategies presented here, appropriate systems can be developed and monitored to support the production of meaningful data that will inform effective decision making at multiple levels.
A Direct Comparison of Two RDI Shipboard ADCPs: A 75-kHz Ocean Surveyor and a 150-kHz Narrow Band

Abstract During a recent transit from Florida to Rhode Island, simultaneous single-ping data were recorded from two acoustic Doppler current profilers on the R/V Endeavor: an old 150-kHz narrow bandwidth (NB) model, and a new 75-kHz model [Ocean Surveyor (OS)] with a flat phased-array transducer, operating alternately in narrow bandwidth (OSN) and broad bandwidth (OSB) modes. In calm weather the NB, OSN, and OSB data showed nearly perfect agreement; the range of the OSN (up to 800 m) was about twice that of the NB, and the OSB range was 80%–85% of the OSN range. As weather worsened, the returns from all three degraded, with reduced depth range and with occasional pings returning no valid velocity estimates. Reduction in data return was most severe in the OSB, and least severe in the NB. Performance degradation was associated with a velocity bias toward zero in both the OSB and OSN relative to the NB, and a smaller bias toward zero in the NB. The bias in all three is reduced with a suite of editing algorit...
Integrated conceptual design of solar-assisted trigeneration systems

Abstract This work is aimed at the development of a systematic procedure for energy conservation through the integrated design of trigeneration systems (combined cooling, heating, and power – “CCHP”) while incorporating solar energy as a renewable form of energy with low GHG emissions. The focus is on developing preliminary screening and targets that guide the conceptual design of a trigeneration system. Absorption refrigeration is used to utilize excess process heat and external energy in the form of fossil and solar energy. To account for the seasonal fluctuation in collected solar energy, the decision-making horizon is discretized into multiple periods. An extended transshipment representation is developed to embed design configurations. Next, a nonlinear programming formulation is developed. The solution of the optimization formulation determines the optimal levels of power, external heating, external cooling, heat integration, mix of fossil/solar energy forms to be supplied to the process, and the scheduling of the system operation.