cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing cytotoxicity of photosensitized transformation products of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and atrazine with freshwater microbial assemblages.

In this study of riboflavin-sensitized photolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), the final photoproducts were found to include 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, and 3,5-dinitroaniline. After exposure to TNT (10 mg/L) for 90 min, in a river water sample there was inhibition of the viability count of heterotrophic bacterial assemblages by 28.3% and 24.3% and of bacterial heterotrophic mineralization of glucose by 99.5% and 93.6% relative to the light control and dark control groups, respectively. After exposure separately to 10 mg/L 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, or 3,5-dinitroaniline, the viability count of heterotrophic bacterial assemblages was enhanced by 30.0%, 98.2%, and 148.7%, respectively, relative to the TNT group in light and by 12.2%, 40.2%, and 36.5%, respectively, relative to TNT group in dark. After exposure to the same aforementioned test chemicals, heterotrophic activity of bacterial assemblages was inhibited by 75.7%, 72.4%, and 56.0%, respectively, relative to light control group, and there were no significant changes in the dark. A similar study was conducted with atrazine (10 mg/L). The main products of atrazine riboflavin–sensitized phototransformation include desethylatrazine (DEA) and desisopropylatrazine (DIA). It was found that DEA and DIA did not inhibit microbial heterotrophic activity. However, after 72 h the viable count was enhanced by 52.8% and 63.3% in the DEA and DIA exposure groups, respectively, in comparison to the control. These results suggested that photosensitized transformation decreased TNT and atrazine cytotoxicity to microbial assemblages in the natural water. Photoproducts of atrazine–DEA and –DIA, and of TNT could become growth substrates for bacterial assemblages in natural water. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 490–496, 2004.
Update of the Diatom EST Database: a new tool for digital transcriptomics

The Diatom Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Database was constructed to provide integral access to ESTs from these ecologically and evolutionarily interesting microalgae. It has now been updated with 130 000 Phaeodactylum tricornutum ESTs from 16 cDNA libraries and 77 000 Thalassiosira pseudonana ESTs from seven libraries, derived from cells grown in different nutrient and stress regimes. The updated relational database incorporates results from statistical analyses such as log-likelihood ratios and hierarchical clustering, which help to identify differentially expressed genes under different conditions, and allow similarities in gene expression in different libraries to be investigated in a functional context. The database also incorporates links to the recently sequenced genomes of P. tricornutum and T. pseudonana, enabling an easy cross-talk between the expression pattern of diatom orthologs and the genome browsers. These improvements will facilitate exploration of diatom responses to conditions of ecological relevance and will aid gene function identification of diatom-specific genes and in silico gene prediction in this largely unexplored class of eukaryotes. The updated Diatom EST Database is available at http://www.biologie.ens.fr/diatomics/EST3.
Attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Disruption of a mas-Like Gene or a Chalcone Synthase-Like Gene, Which Causes Deficiency in Dimycocerosyl Phthiocerol Synthesis

Tuberculosis is one of the leading preventable causes of death. Emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis makes the discovery of new targets for antimycobacterial drugs critical. The unique mycobacterial cell wall lipids are known to play an important role in pathogenesis, and therefore the genes responsible for their biosynthesis offer potential new targets. To assess the possible role of some of the genes potentially involved in cell wall lipid synthesis, we disrupted a mas-like gene, msl7, and a chalcone synthase-like gene, pks10, with phage-mediated delivery of the disruption construct, in which the target gene was disrupted by replacement of an internal segment with the hygromycin resistance gene (hyg). Gene disruption by allelic exchange in the case of each disruptant was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Neither msl7 nor pks10 mutants could produce dimycocerosyl phthiocerol, although both could produce mycocerosic acids. Thus, it is concluded that these gene products are involved in the biosynthesis of phthiocerol. Both mutants were found to be attenuated in a murine model, supporting the hypothesis that dimycocerosyl phthiocerol is a virulence factor and thus the many steps involved in its biosynthesis offer potential novel targets for antimycobacterial therapy.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Abiotrophia adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva.

The susceptibilities of 27 Abiotrophia adiacens (proposed reclassification Granulicatella adiacens comb.nov., Collins & Lawson, 2000) and 12 Abiotrophia defectiva isolates were tested by microdilution in pyridoxal hydrochloride and lysed horse blood supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth. According to NCCLS interpretative criteria for Streptococcus spp. not Streptococcus pneumoniae, the susceptibilities of A. adiacens and A. defectiva were, respectively: penicillin, 55% and 8%; amoxicillin, 81% and 92%; ceftriaxone, 63% and 83%; meropenem, 96% and 100%; and 100% for both species with clindamycin, rifampin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin.
Minimizing flow-time and time-to-first-treatment in an emergency department through simulation

Emergency Department management is a resource constrained environment that has gained attention in recent years. An in-depth literature review was conducted and two patient flow models, Virtual Streaming (VS) and Physician Directed Queuing (PDQ), were selected to be contrasted against a FIFO-baseline model using discrete event simulation. Scenarios were constructed by assigning doctors to 4-hour shifts. Model performance was ranked by finding the minimum aggregated time to first treatment (TTFT) of admitted patients and the length of stay (LOS) of discharged patients. The benefits from PDQ were seen largely by Emergency Severity Index (ESI) 4 and 5 patients and the benefits from VS were seen largely by ESI 2 and 3 patients. Results suggest VS for the patient mix used herein when the system is near capacity and the baseline when the system is not near capacity. However, trade-offs and improvements of these models are discussed.
Autonomic Virtualized Environments

Virtualization was invented more than thirty years ago to allow large expensive mainframes to be easily shared among different application environments. As hardware prices went down, the need for virtualization faded away. More recently, virtualization at all levels (system, storage, and network) became important again as a way to improve system security, reliability and availability, reduce costs, and provide greater flexibility. Virtualization is being used to support server consolidation efforts. In that case, many virtual machines running different application environments share the same hardware resources. This paper shows how autonomic computing techniques can be used to dynamically allocate processing resources to various virtual machines as the workload varies. The goal of the autonomic controller is to optimize a utility function for the virtualized environment. The paper considers dynamic CPU priority allocation and the allocation of CPU shares to the various virtual machines. Results obtained through simulation show that the autonomic controller is capable of achieving its goal.
46,XX pure gonadal dysgenesis with growth hormone deficiency and impaired 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity

Patients with 46,XX pure gonadal dysgenesis generally are of normal stature and have less than usual amounts of pubic and axillary hair. We report on a patient who presented at age 11.9 years with short stature, absence of breast development, and excessive pubic hair. Her karyotype in leukocytes, fibroblasts, and streak gonad was 46,XX. The patient was diagnosed as having growth hormone deficiency. Elevated ACTH stimulated levels of 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone and elevated ACTH stimulated ratio of 17-hydroxypregnenolone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone suggested inadequate adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Treatment with growth hormone resulted in improvement in growth velocity and replacement with estrogen in feminization. We suggest that the finding of short stature in patients with 46,XX pure gonadal dysgenesis should not be attributed to the syndrome, but rather requires investigation for possible growth hormone deficiency. The poor growth of our patient prior to growth hormone replacement implies that dehydroepiandrosterone, unlike testosterone and estrogen, is ineffective in promoting linear growth in the absence of adequate growth hormone.
Open Wide: Looking into the Safety Culture of Dental School Clinics

Although dentists perform highly technical procedures in complex environments, patient safety has not received the same focus in dentistry as in medicine. Cultivating a robust patient safety culture is foundational to minimizing patient harm, but little is known about how dental teams view patient safety or the patient safety culture within their practice. As a step toward rectifying that omission, the goals of this study were to benchmark the patient safety culture in three U.S. dental schools, identifying areas for improvement. The extensively validated Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSOPS), developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, was administered to dental faculty, dental hygienists, dental students, and staff at the three schools. Forty-seven percent of the 328 invited individuals completed the survey. The “Teamwork” category received the highest marks and “Patient Care Tracking and Follow-Up” and “Leadership Support for Patient Safety” the lowest. Only 48 percent of the respondents rated systems and processes in place to prevent/catch patient problems as good/excellent. All patient safety dimensions received lower marks than in medical practices. These findings and the inherent risk associated with dental procedures lead to the conclusion that dentistry in general, and academic dental clinics in particular, stands to benefit from an increased focus on patient safety. This first published use of the MOSOPS in a dental clinic setting highlights both clinical and educational priorities for improving the safety of care in dental school clinics.
Quadratic Equations in Groups, Cancellation Diagrams on Compact Surfaces, and Automorphisms of Surface Groups

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses cancellation diagrams that are a fundamental tool of combinatorial group theory. There is an intuitive connection between the question of commuting elements and cancellation diagrams on the torus, which has yet to be made precise. Studies suggest that the connection can be made precise for any quadratic word. In terms to be defined precisely, the chapter shows that a “non-trivial” solution of a “quadratic equation” W=1 in a group G=(X: R) induces a “non-trivial” cancellation diagram on a compact surface S defined by an endomorphic image of W. If it is assumed that R satisfies a suitable small cancellation hypothesis, such a diagram cannot exist, and thus it can be conclude that all solutions of W=1 in G are “trivial.” The consequences of this result are also discussed in the chapter. The present methods also yield a very simple proof of the important theorem of Nielsen that if G is the fundamental group of a compact surface then all the automorphisms of G are induced by automorphisms of the corresponding free group.
Sex Steroids and Aging Bone

Sex steroid hormones decline with increasing age in both men and women and this decline may contribute to important sequels of aging including osteoporosis. Earlier studies of sex hormones were limited by use of assays that lacked sufficient sensitivity especially for measuring very low levels of estradiol (E2) in older women. E2 plays a key role in the maintenance of skeletal integrity in both men and women. Men and women with lower E2 have low bone mineral density, experience faster rates of bone loss and have fractures. The relationship of testosterone to skeletal health is less clear. Most studies show that higher sex hormone binding globulin have a higher risk of fractures. However, a combination of sex hormones and other biomarkers may be optimal in identifying effects on bone health.
Linking demography with drivers: climate and competition

Summary In observational demographic data, the number of measured factors that could potentially drive demography (such as daily weather records between two censuses) can easily exceed the number of independent observations. Thus, identifying the important drivers requires alternatives to standard model selection and variable selection methods. Spline methods that estimate smooth functions over continuous domains (such as space or time) have the potential to resolve high-dimensional problems in ecological systems. We consider two examples that are important for many plant populations: competition with neighbours that vary in size and distance from the focal individual and climate variables during a window of time before a response (growth, survival, etc.) is measured. For competition covariates, we use a simulation study based on empirical data to show that a monotone spline estimate of competition kernels via approximate AIC returns very accurate estimates. We then apply the method to long-term, mapped quadrat data on the four dominant species in an Idaho (US) sagebrush steppe community. For climate predictors and their temporal lags, we use simulated data sets to compare functional smoothing methods with competing linear (LASSO) or machine learning (random forests) methods. Given sufficient data, functional smoothing methods outperformed the other two methods. Functional smoothing methods can advance data-driven population modelling by providing alternatives to specifying competition kernels a priori and to arbitrarily aggregating continuous environmental covariates. However, there are important open questions related to modelling of nonlinear climate responses and size × climate interactions.
Benefits of Two Mitigation Strategies for Container Vessels: Cleaner Engines and Cleaner Fuels

Emissions from ocean-going vessels (OGVs) are a significant health concern for people near port communities. This paper reports the emission benefits for two mitigation strategies, cleaner engines and cleaner fuels, for a 2010 container vessel. In-use emissions were measured following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) protocols. The overall in-use nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission factor was 16.1 ± 0.1 gkW–1 h–1, lower than the Tier 1 certification (17 gkW–1 h–1) and significantly lower than the benchmark value of 18.7 gkW–1 h–1 commonly used for estimating emission inventories. The in-use particulate matter (PM2.5) emission was 1.42 ± 0.04 gkW–1 h–1 for heavy fuel oil (HFO) containing 2.51 wt % sulfur. Unimodal (∼30 nm) and bimodal (∼35 nm; ∼75 nm) particle number size distributions (NSDs) were observed when the vessel operated on marine gas oil (MGO) and HFO, respectively. First-time emission measurements during fuel switching (required 24 nautical miles from coastline) showed that concen...
Nanoporous Porphyrin Polymers for Gas Storage and Separation

This article describes the synthesis of four porous polymers containing Ni–porphyrin units with Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) specific surface areas up to 1711 m2/g achieved. The isotherm gas adsorptions of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide over these polymers were measured. The adsorption selectivity for methane and carbon dioxide over nitrogen were also investigated. While the initial isosteric heat of adsorption (ΔHads) was around 8–9 kJ/mol for hydrogen, it reached 23 kJ/mol for methane and 29 kJ/mol for carbon dioxide. CO2/N2 selectivity as high as 19 (calculated from single gas adsorption isotherms) was also achieved with one of these four polymers.
Clinical video telehealth in a cardiology pharmacotherapy clinic.

Advances in technology have provided health care systems with the opportunity to establish new modes of providing clinical services that may afford various benefits to patients, providers, and health care systems alike. One such delivery system is telehealth. “Telehealth” refers to the provision
The significance of emerging diseases in the tropical coral reef ecosystem

Novel pathologies of coral reef organisms, especially reef frame building scleractinian corals, have esca­lated during the decade between 1987 and 1997. These emerging diseases have appeared with progressively greater frequency and over wider distribution, and have revealed more diversified characteristics than ever before. The caus­es of most of these infections are no! ye! confirmed, but they evidence a gradual decline in the vital status of the coral reef ecosystem. As specific causes are identified for these afflictions, terminology will shift from non-specific descriptions, such as "white band", "white plague", "white pox", "yellow band" and "black band" diseases, to etio­logical and pathognomonic characterizations (e.g. aspergillosis and cyanobacteriosis). Stony corals are vulnerable to sedimentation, nutrient overloading, and chemical pollution from agricultural, urban, and domestic sources. They are incapable of relocation to other sites or of self-protection from cumulative effects of exposure to nitrates, phosphates, herbicides, pesticides, and raw sewage. In contrast to stresses attributed to warm water seasonal anomalies (e.g. coral reef bleaching), stresses imparted by pathogenic micro-organisms occur throughout !he calendar year, fluctuate with changing temperature, and invariably result in tissue mortality. The coral has several mechanisms for defense. The epidermis, especially in tentacles of !he coral polyp, contains nematocysts which are released in response to preda­tors. The epidermal cells also possess cilia and a flagellary apparatus which are responsible for generating microcur­rents in boundary water adjacent to the organism. These currents facilitate !he entry of food into !he coelenteron for digestion. Mesenterial filaments extend through !he epidermis, sweep !he surface of the colony, initiate digestion of food particles, and eventually return to the coelenteron. Bo!h the epidermis and the gastrodermis contain mucocytes (or "immunocytes") which release a mucous secretion. That mucous blanket physically insulates !he tissue from par­ticulates or soluble toxins, and may also be bacteriostatic because of immunoglobulin (IgA). The recent emergence of diseases in corals may be interpreted as the consequence of (1) changing coastal ocean water quality favoring the proliferation, attachment and colonization of microbes, and (2) reduced efficiency of the coral's normal defenses. In order to appreciate these changes, research efforts to evaluate !he microbial content of reef waters and to analyze the respective roles of mucus, cilia and flagella, and nematocysts of !he corals are necessary. In this study, we have begun to detail the structural, physiological, chemical, and immunological attributes of!he coral. Our analysis suggests that at least some of the emerging coral diseases may be explained by a decline in the capacity of coral colonies to mount effective protection against !he increasing prevalence and varied invasive strategies of marine pathogens.
Attack on the Self: Charismatic Leadership and Authoritarian Group Supervision

Charismatic group leadership carries the potential for indoctrination and abuse when countertransference issues remain unexamined. This paper is a personal account of participation by the author in an authoritarian and confrontational supervisory experience with self-serving charismatic leadership. Group casualties are portrayed and discussed. This report applies self-psychological principles to understand the powerful merger of the compliant self and idealized object. Further, the dynamics of group identification with the aggressor are described through the Ferenczian lens of confusion of tongues.
Abstract 1253: Inhibition of FN14 to suppress KRAS-driven lung cancer migration and survival

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer related mortality throughout the world, and is estimated to kill more than one million people this year. Mutations in KRAS occur in about 1/3 of all lung adenocarcinomas, the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer. Mutations in KRAS are correlated with poor patient prognosis, advanced disease, therapeutic resistance and metastatic outcomes. There is an unmet clinical need to target KRAS-driven NSCLC towards abating the high mortality rate of this disease. We hypothesize that the tumor necrosis factor receptor, FN14 is induced and sustained by mutant KRAS signaling, and represents a therapeutic target in KRAS-driven NSCLC. Employing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we showed that within a subgroup of adenocarcinoma patients harboring mutant KRAS, elevated FN14 expression conferred significantly worse survival outcomes compared to those with lower FN14 expression. Alone, elevated expression of FN14 conferred a poor prognosis in adenocarcinoma patients compared to lower expression of FN14. In lung cancer cell lines driven by mutant KRAS, elevated FN14 protein expression was observed. The ectopic induction of mutant KRAS in normal rat lung epithelial cells was sufficient to induce FN14 protein expression, an induction dependent on ERK signaling. In an animal model of mutant KRAS-driven NSCLC, FN14 protein was highly expressed and correlated with metastasis in vivo. TWEAK, the only known ligand for FN14, induced migration in NSCLC cell lines harboring mutant KRAS. Conversely, depletion of FN14 expression through siRNA suppressed KRAS-driven cell migration in vitro. We further demonstrated using a clonogenic assay that depletion of FN14 by siRNA was sufficient to reduce KRAS-driven NSCLC cell survival and significantly enhanced the cell killing effects of standard-of-care treatments such as radiation or cisplatin. These data suggest that NSCLC tumors harboring mutant KRAS may be vulnerable to inhibition of FN14 signaling. The recent development of FN14-targeted therapeutics provides an avenue towards clinical utility. As no therapeutics exist to target KRAS directly, a therapeutic strategy targeting FN14 might impact survival in KRAS-driven tumors and reduce the high mortality rate in this subgroup. Citation Format: Vashti M. Carson, Seungchan Kim, Landon J. Inge, Timothy G. Whitsett. Inhibition of FN14 to suppress KRAS-driven lung cancer migration and survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1253.
The Harvard Summer School of Physical Education 1887–1932

(1942). The Harvard Summer School of Physical Education 1887–1932. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 403-431.
A psychometric examination of an instrument to measure the dimensions of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for cervical cancer screening in women living with HIV.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper was to examine the psychometric properties of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for cervical cancer and screening among women living with HIV. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from an exploratory cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 300 women living with HIV receiving care at two HIV ambulatory care clinics in Florida. A 39-item adaptation of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scales was administered via paper and pencil. Results The authors used internal consistency measures, confirmatory factor analysis, and ordinal item response theory (IRT) techniques to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument. The 39-item instrument had adequate internal consistency and factor structure. However, the IRT analyses suggested that the instrument could be reduced to 24-items (61.5%), without loss of relevant information. Conclusion A shortened 24-item instrument demonstrated good internal consistency among women living with HIV. Future work should include validating the properties of the reduced instrument in diverse samples of patients and conditions.
Infrastructure System Simulation Interoperability Using the High-Level Architecture

Infrastructure planners need new methods to exchange technical data in the pursuit of long-term and cross-sector objectives including sustainability. This paper demonstrates a method for infrastructure system simulation interoperability by applying the high-level architecture (HLA) to the infrastructure system of systems (ISoS) modeling framework. The ISoS considers time-aggregated simulations with iterative data exchange periods to resolve cyclic dependencies. Applying the HLA defines object models, operational agreements, federate implementations, and physical infrastructure required for a federated simulation. An example demonstrates the method on a scenario with 18 infrastructure elements across water, electricity, petroleum, and social sectors as individual federates. The cost of interoperability arises from network latency, runtime infrastructure (RTI) overhead, and additional development effort. Results across several RTIs show that a distributed simulation requires 10–100 times longer executions than noninteroperable configurations. Analysis of source code shows that the HLA contributes about 1500 (56%) more software lines of code to implement federation object models and agreements. The value of interoperability arises from new capabilities provided by the HLA: physical distribution and independent control of constituent models. Conclusions describe a role for the HLA in model-based concept exploration during collaborative and interorganizational design activities with live human participation similar to its use for wargames.
In Silico Prediction of Deleteriousness for Nonsynonymous and Splice-Altering Single Nucleotide Variants in the Human Genome

In silico prediction methods have increasingly been valuable and popular in molecular biology, especially in human genetics, for deleteriousness prediction to filter and prioritize huge amounts of DNA variation identified by sequencing human genomes. There is a rich collection of available methods developed upon different levels/aspects of knowledge about how DNA variations affect gene expression. Given the fact that their predictions are not always consistent or even opposite of what was expected, using consensus prediction or majority vote among these methods is preferred to trusting any single one. Because querying different databases for different methods is both tedious and time-consuming for such big data sets, one database integrating predictions from multiple databases can facilitate the process. In this chapter, we describe the general steps of obtaining comprehensive predictions and annotations for large numbers of variants from dbNSFP, the first and probably the most widely used database of its kind.
LONG-TERM TRANSPLANT-FREE SURVIVAL FOR ARTERIAL SWITCH VERSUS ATRIAL SWITCH IN TREATMENT OF TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES: A STUDY FROM THE PEDIATRIC CARDIAC CARE CONSORTIUM

Background: In the 1980's the preferred surgery for d-transposition of the great arteries (TGA) shifted from the atrial switch operation to the arterial switch operation (ASO). However, the long-term survival from ASO is unclear. Our objective was to compare transplant-free survival in patients with
Bayesian Robustness: A New Look from Geometry

The geometric concept of the Lie derivative is introduced as the natural way of quantifying the intrinsic robustness of a hypothesis space. Prior and posterior probability measures are interpreted as differential forms defined invariantly on the hypothesis space. Rates of change with respect to local deformations of the model are computed by means of Lie derivatives of tensors defined on the model (like the information metric, prior, posterior, etc.). In this way a field theory of inference is obtained. The class of deformations preserving the state of total ignorance is introduced and characterized by a partial differential equation. For location models this equation is the familiar ∇ · ξ= 0. A simple condition for the robustness of prior (or posterior) distributions is found: There is robustness when the deformation is along level surfaces of the prior (or posterior) density. These results are then applied to the class of entropic priors. It is shown that the hyper parameter controls the sensitivity with respect to local deformations. It is also shown that entropic priors are only sensitive to deformations that change the intrinsic form of the model around the initial guess.
Feminist attitudes and ideologies: an examination of a Northeastern US MSW program

The relationship that Masters in Social Work (MSW) students in the United States have with feminism appears to be paradoxical, in which MSW students tend to endorse feminist principles but are hesi...
THE MECHANISM OF TUMOR LOCALIZATION OF GALLIUM: AN UPDATE AND REASSESSMENT

It was discovered in 1969 that gallium-67 citrate localized in soft tissue tumors. Several investigations have been performed to ellucidate the biochemical behavior and the tissue distribution so as to promote the established clinical diagnostic utility of 67 Ga. The early studies, while often confusing and contradictory, leaving many questions unanswered, laid the foundation for the surge in progress within the last two or three years on elucidating the mechanism of tumor localization of radiogallium. Recent sophisticated studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the fundamental physicochemical and biological properties and behavior of 67 Ga and the sequence of events involved in its uptake by tumors. Three distinct crucial stages can now be identified in the overall localization process: blood binding of Ga and transport to the tumor site, entry of Ga into the tumor cell, and subcellular deposition of 67 Ga. Individual steps within these phases are dependent on a number of key aspects, especially the structure and stoichiometry of the 67 Ga-transferrin complex and the differential physiology of neoplasms compared to normal tissues. While no single mechanism can be stated to account for the tumor localization of Ga, likely mechanistic alternatives can be formulated, and a number of factors which bear on the operative mechanism in a given tumor can be recognized. This body of knowledge provides a rational basis upon which to optimize the current diagnostic efficacy of 67 Ga and 68 Ga as well as to extend the use of Ga to new areas.
The intrepid adventure of early transcatheter mitral valve replacement

Thirty years ago, Andersen et al . first described the replacement of a native valve with a bioprosthetic valve mounted on a stent and delivered via a catheter (1).
Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Acute coronary syndromes include a wide spectrum of clinical coronary disease states, from unstable angina with no observable electrocardiogram changes to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. If not recognized and treated immediately, they may prove fatal in some cases. Percutaneous coronary intervention has emerged as a primary treatment for the majority of these patients, often on an urgent or emergency basis. Most of the interventions are ad hoc immediately following a diagnostic coronary angiogram. Understanding the details of these procedures is very important. Furthermore, knowledge of ancillary pharmacotherapy, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and thrombolytics is vital in managing these patients. At times, these patients present with cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock, which complicates management further. Intra-aortic balloon pump and Impella® devices can be used for hemodynamic support in these situations. In this chapter, we discuss the approaches for managing acute coronary syndromes, with emphasis on revascularization strategies and essential ancillary topics associated with revascularization. We also discuss the management of patients presenting with cardiogenic shock and after cardiac arrest.
Recent Results in Simulating LNG Vapor Dispersion over Variable Terrain

The performance of a three-dimensional, conservation equation model (FEM3) is assessed herein via simulating three distinctly different, approximately 30 m3 LNG spill experiments. In general, good agreement between model predictions and field measurements was observed and many important features associated with heavy gas dispersion were successfully reproduced.
J. L. Moreno: the pioneer of the group encounter movement: the forerunner of web-based social media revolution

The purpose of this paper is to acknowledge Moreno’s merits as the founder of (1) the Group Encounter Movement, (2) review a few ambiguities, contradictions, and backbiting that were evident in the Group Encounter Movement, (3) to identify Moreno as a pioneer in grounding and setting the stage for group psychology and group psychotherapy as an evidence-based therapy, and (4) pinpoint and recognize Moreno as the forerunner of our web-based social network media in virtual communities. Moreno joins the long illustrious line of psychiatrists, psychologists and group psychotherapists whose work continues having an impact long after they have departed this world.
The Moral Conditions of Economic Efficiency

Preface and acknowledgements 1. Introduction and synopsis 2. A contextualized proof of the first fundamental theorem of welfare economics 3. The moral thesis: moral normative constraints are necessary conditions of pareto-optimal equilibrium allocations of commodities achieved through market interaction 4. A spontaneous order objection 5. The roles of normative constraints in relation to externalities 6. The moral conditions of economic efficiency 7. Implications Notes Bibliography Index.
TEST ELECTRODES FOR MEASURING THE INTRINSIC INSULATING STRENGTH OF GASES

The electrical insulating strength of a gas is often measured by determining spark breakdown voltages between given electrodes; for example the Paschen curves obtained from planar systems. However, significant departures from regular and reproducible results occur when electric fields at the electrodes exceed typically 100 to 150 kV/cm. In order to reliably evaluate the electrical performance of gases over a broader range of fields, extending to even 1000 kV/cm, a special well-controlled test electrode configuration is proposed. The suggested arrangement employs a small electrode protrusion and UV irradiation to achieve the goal of measuring the intrinsic insulating strength of various gases and to allow comparison with theory. The proposed test electrodes, the attached protrusion technique (APT), may provide a useful means for different laboratories to compare results.
Electrophysiological characterization of sleep/wake, activity and the response to caffeine in adult cynomolgus macaques.

Abstract Most preclinical sleep studies are conducted in nocturnal rodents that have fragmented sleep in comparison to humans who are primarily diurnal, typically with a consolidated sleep period. Consequently, we sought to define basal sleep characteristics, sleep/wake architecture and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in a diurnal non-human primate (NHP) to evaluate the utility of this species for pharmacological manipulation of the sleep/wake cycle. Adult, 9–11 y.o. male cynomolgus macaques (n = 6) were implanted with telemetry transmitters to record EEG and electromyogram (EMG) activity and Acticals to assess locomotor activity under baseline conditions and following injections either with vehicle or the caffeine (CAF; 10 mg/kg, i.m.) prior to the 12 h dark phase. EEG/EMG recordings (12–36 h in duration) were analyzed for sleep/wake states and EEG spectral composition. Macaques exhibited a sleep state distribution and architecture similar to previous NHP and human sleep studies. Acute administration of CAF prior to light offset enhanced wakefulness nearly 4-fold during the dark phase with consequent reductions in both NREM and REM sleep, decreased slow wave activity during wakefulness, and increased higher EEG frequency activity during NREM sleep. Despite the large increase in wakefulness and profound reduction in sleep during the dark phase, no sleep rebound was observed during the 24 h light and dark phases following caffeine administration. Cynomolgus macaques show sleep characteristics, EEG spectral structure, and respond to CAF in a similar manner to humans. Consequently, monitoring EEG/EMG by telemetry in this species may be useful both for basic sleep/wake studies and for pre-clinical assessments of drug-induced effects on sleep/wake.
Near-surface characterization using traveltime and full-waveform inversion with vertical and horizontal component seismic data

AbstractSeismic imaging of the shallow subsurface (approximately 5 m) can be very challenging when reflections are absent and the data are dominated by ground roll. I analyzed the transmission coda...
Perception and production of syllable-tone homophones by second language learners of Chinese

This study examined how the relatively high degree of tonal homophony in spoken Mandarin affects learners’ perception and production of new syllable-tone words. Seventeen English-speaking-learners of L2 Chinese participated in a 3-day word-learning task in which pictures were paired with spoken syllable-tone words. Stimuli included 32 monosyllabic Chinese words (e.g., yu3 “feather”). 16 words corresponded to previously learned syllable-tone homophones (e.g., yu3 “language”); 16 words were previously unlearned combinations (e.g., yu4 “jade”). Learning was assessed on day 3 using a 4-alternative-forced-choice identification task and a picture-naming task. Twelve Chinese-L1 speakers identified the learners’ productions. Learners were overall more accurate at identifying words that had no previously learned homophone (94%) than words that lacked homophones (90%). The opposite trend was observed in production: learners were overall more accurate at producing words that corresponded to previously learned homophones (77%) than words that lacked homophones (72%). Mixed-effects logistic regression models revealed no statistical difference of the log odds of correct identification or production. These results indicate that despite encountering considerable tonal homophony in speech, learners did not gain advantage in perceiving or producing new words with homophones. The phonologically marked T2-T3 contrast was produced with the lowest accuracy relative to other tonal contrasts.
Plant Development: Dual Roles of Poplar SVL in Vegetative Bud Dormancy.

Vegetative bud dormancy is an important adaptive process allowing survival over winter in trees from temperate and boreal regions. A recent discovery implicates a MADS-box transcription factor from poplar in regulation of both entry and release from dormancy.
Radiative lifetimes in Nb i

The lifetimes of 50 levels in Nb I are measured with the use of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence on a Nb atomic beam. We describe the hollow-cathode atomic-beam source in detail. The source is capable of producing an atomic beam, which is rich in metastables, of most metallic elements including the highly refractory metals.
Abstract P121: Multidimensional Allostatic Load Score Directly Associates With Coronary Artery Disease Burden in Psoriasis

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with accelerated development of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCT...
The Tubal Epigenome - An Emerging Target for Ovarian Cancer

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. The mortality of this disease is primarily attributed to challenges in early detection and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies indicate that the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) originate from aberrant fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells. This shift in thinking about ovarian cancer pathogenesis has been met with an effort to identify the early genetic and epigenetic changes that underlie the transformation of normal FTE cells and prompt them to migrate and colonize the ovary, ultimately giving rise to aggressive HGSC. While identification of these early changes is important for biomarker discovery, the emergence of epigenetic alterations in FTE chromatin may also provide new opportunities for early detection, prevention, and therapeutic intervention. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding early epigenetic reprogramming that precedes HGSC tumor development, the way that these alterations affect both intrinsic and extrinsic tumor properties, and how the epigenome may be targeted to thwart HGSC tumorigenesis.
Telepsychiatry in Obstetrics

Each year in the United States, approximately half a million reproductive-aged women are afflicted with major depression. Pregnant and postpartum women can be reluctant to openly disclose their suffering related to depression and other stigmatizing illnesses (eg, mood and anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders) and subsequently remain symptomatic with no relief. Maternal mortality related to these conditions is significant, with maternal suicide and overdose-related death peaking between 7 and 12 months postpartum. Geographic challenges in accessing perinatal mental health experts can be overcome through the use of telepsychiatry services using a secure video platform (telemedicine).
Implementation of General Surgery Care into a Student-Run Free Clinic.

Abstract Background Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) provide medical care to uninsured, and surgical issues are often outside the normal scope of care of these clinics. The Shade Tree Clinic (STC) is an SRFC serving 300 patients with complex medical conditions. This study describes the implementation and efficacy of a General Surgery Specialty Clinic in this setting. Methods This descriptive study examines the demographics and referral patterns of patients seen in two pilot Specialty Clinics and other patients evaluated for general surgical issues from December 2017 to January 2020. Providers were surveyed regarding their experience in clinic. Results Twenty patients were evaluated by six general surgeons during 22 separate encounters (n = 20). Nine patients were seen in two pilot Specialty Clinics for biliary colic, hernia, hemorrhoids, anal mass, toenail lesion, surgical weight loss, and venous insufficiency. Referrals from these clinics to affiliated Vanderbilt University Medical Center included six ultrasounds; referrals to vascular surgery and podiatry clinics; and referrals for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and anal mass excision. STC also directly referred eight patients for colonoscopies and five patients for major operations through primary care clinic. Hundred percent of care was cost-free to patients. Providers reported a median satisfaction score of five with the Specialty Clinics (Very Satisfied; [4, 5]). Hundred percent of providers felt that the concerns of patients were addressed. Conclusions A surgery specialty clinic in the setting of an SRFC is an effective way to provide surgical care to underserved populations with the potential to reduce unplanned hospital utilization.
Collection Objects from the Digital Occupy Archive

The Occupy Archive’s Collection Objects is a dataset of more than 400 digitized primary source materials from the global Occupy movement, openly available at DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6V9ZF . From 2019–2020, a team of research assistants, librarians, and Dr. Heather Hurwitz digitized over 1,200 pages of manuscripts and ephemera collected by Hurwitz at Occupy movement protests and meetings from 2011–2018. The team established a taxonomy of descriptive metadata and applied it to each object to facilitate searching, viewing, and downloading the data. Accompanying the dataset, the archive includes teaching tools and research guides to facilitate reuse. Funding statement: The Occupy Archive was created during the course of Hurwitz’s Freedman Fellowship at Case Western Reserve University’s Kelvin Smith Library. The Freedman Fellows Program is generously funded by the Freedman Fellows Endowment, established by Samuel B. and Marian K. Freedman, and supported by additional Case Western Reserve University campus partners.
Flocks of Infinite Hyperbolic Quadrics

Let K be a field containing a nonsquare \gamma and F=K(\sqrt{\gamma}) a quadratic extension. Let \sigma denote the unique involutory automorphism of F fixing K pointwise. For every field K such that the nonzero squares of K do not form an index 1 or 2 subgroup of (K(\sqrt{\gamma})^{*})^{\sigma +1}=K^{-}, a construction is given which produces large numbers of infinite nearfield and non nearfield flocks of an infinite hyperbolic quadric in PG(3,K).
Introduction of an Electronic Mobile Device Version of an Alcohol Impairment Scale (the Hack's Impairment Index Score) Does Not Impair Nursing Assessment of Patients in Emergency Departments.

ABSTRACT Background There is no formal assessment to determine level of disability in the millions of patients with alcohol-induced impairment who present to emergency departments annually. Hack's Impairment Index (HII) is a standardized, serializable clinical tool designed to quantify ability. Nursing staff members at this center perform the HII and determine a score using paper prompts. Objective We developed an HII electronic application and investigated whether or not an electronic version on a mobile device would affect nursing performance. Methods A chart review-based quality improvement project compared the number, repetitions, and completeness of HII score documentation performed by nurses over 6.5 months. Group 1: paper-based HII scores for the 90-day period before intervention; group 2: iPad-based HII scores for the 90 days after intervention. There was a 2-week period for staff training and electronic version feedback between groups. Informal, ad hoc interviews were performed with nurses at investigation termination. Results Group 1: 476 emergency department patients with alcohol-induced impairment had HII scores ordered; 339 (71.2%; 95% CI, 67.1, 75.3%) had HII assessments with a total of 539 HII scores documented. An average (SD) 1.60 (0.01) serial assessments occurred per patient, 5 (1.1%; 95% CI, (0, 2.2%) scores were incomplete. Group 2: 569 alcohol-induced impairment emergency department patients were seen and had HII scores ordered; 420 (73.8%; 95% CI, (70.2, 77.4%) had HII assessments with a total of 639 HII scores documented. An average (SD) 1.52 (0.03) serial assessments occurred per patient, 4 (0.9%; 95% CI, (0.81, 0.99%) had incomplete HII scores. Conclusions Although our study took place at 1 center, was a chart review, and not directly observed, we found that the mobile device-based HII application to determine a score did not interfere with nursing performance. Specifically, the repetition and completeness of nursing assessments of emergency department patients with impairment from alcohol use was not altered when comparing paper chart documentation with electronic format documentation. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2021; 82:XXX–XXX)