cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bridging between "here/now" and "there/then": guiding Japanese mainland school "peace education" tours in Okinawa.

Anthropologists and geographers have pointed out an inherent dilemma in educational tours, such as fieldtrips and educational “dark” tours, which bring tourists to the places where a tragic event befell. While these tours emphasize a difference between the learner-tourists’ home and their travel destinations as a source of great pedagogical potential, the learner-tourists must also bridge the gap for their educational experience to be meaningful. The article examines “peace education” school tours from Japanese main islands to Okinawa, the site of the tragic Battle of Okinawa in 1945 and the host of massive U.S. military bases today, guided by local peace activists who view tour-guiding, or what they refer to as “peace guiding”, at the sites relevant to the past war and current militarization as a means of political activism. Through two ethnographic snapshots of tour-guiding for the school tours by these “peace guides”, the article demonstrates how the educational tours’ spatiotemporal dilemma can be med...
Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition

Background After menopause, women exhibit a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the timing of changes in MetS severity over the menopausal transition and whether these changes differ by racial/ethnic group remain unclear. Methods and Results We assessed data from 1470 women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort who experienced transition in menopausal status over 10 years (visits 1–4). We used linear mixed models to evaluate changes by menopausal status (premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause) in a MetS severity Z ‐score and in the individual MetS components. While there were gradual increases in MetS severity over time across menopause stages, black women in particular exhibited more rapid progression in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods than during the postmenopausal period. In the postmenopausal period (compared with prior periods), white women exhibited unfavorable decreases in high‐density lipoprotein, while black women exhibited favorable alterations in the rate of change for waist circumference, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, and glucose, contributing to the slowed progression of MetS severity. These changes were all observed after adjusting for hormone replacement treatment. Conclusions During menopausal transition, women exhibited rapid increases in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods, with black women having significant reductions in this increase in severity during the postmenopausal period. These data suggest that the higher prevalence of MetS in postmenopausal women may be caused more by changes during the menopausal transition than by postmenopause. These findings may thus have implications regarding the timing of cardiovascular risk relative to menopause.
Mother protection, child survival: narrative perspectives on child mental health services underutilization

AbstractIn the United States, increased national attention has generated a wealth of public health and epidemiologic research examining disparities in African American children’s mental health services utilization. Research has not yet been extended to examining the social structural mechanisms that keep these disparities stable and in place. Drawing from a larger urban ethnographic field study exploring the ‘everyday’ of health and illness within and across African American families living in an inner city public housing community, in this article I document the narratives of four African American mothers to illustrate how social structural mechanisms shape their decisions to seek or not mental health services for their children. I frame mothers’ decisions in terms of everyday violence, drawing attention to the institutionalized injustices that are normalized and rendered invisible because of their routine pervasiveness. I conclude with a discussion of integrating structural interventions to modify or re...
The impact of tree-obstructed propagation environments on the performance of wireless sensor networks

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the performance of wireless sensor network (WSN) protocols in different tree-obstructed propagation environments. To create this methodology, practical RF propagation models that include many of the substantial features of different tree-obstructed propagation environments are utilized, and radio energy models for different tree-obstructed propagation environments are developed. Moreover, the presented simulations are compared with each other so that the differences in the performance of WSN in various tree-obstructed propagation terrains can be identified. The results obtained through the comparison of these dissimilar outdoor propagation environments reveal significant differences in the lifetime and throughput. Furthermore, generated results using these practical RF propagation models are compared with the results using free space and two-ray propagation models to demonstrate the imprecision of these theoretical propagation models in evaluating the performance of WSN in tree-obstructed environments.
A Comprehensive University-Wide Strategy to Educate Students in All Fields for Lifetimes of Active Citizenship

This chapter describes the vision of Tufts University to educate students in all disciplines to be “active citizens,” people with the values and skills to be leaders for positive change in society, and the comprehensive approach it is using to achieve that end. The account describes the process of developing this ambitious, university-wide initiative. Then it describes core programs in the areas of student leadership development, faculty support and capacity-building, research, community partnerships, and institutional social responsibility. It discusses facilitating factors and challenges encountered, and how they have been managed. A concluding section reflects on future issues and opportunities. The chapter emphasizes distinctive features of Tufts’ vision and strategy: its determination to reach all students and professors in all disciplines, collective leadership by all stakeholders, and a horizontal organizational structure.
The Arrows of Olowaili: Sound, Movement and Guna Culture in Monique Mojica’s Princess Pocahontas and the Blue Spots

This article examines the drama Princess Pocahontas and the Blue Spots (1991) by Guna/Rappahanock dramaturg, Monique Mojica. Utilizing a focus on the indigenous culture and language of the Guna, this article demonstrates that Mojica includes Guna language and cultural elements in her play that others have overlooked, making the work much more autobiographic in nature and connected to her Guna ancestry.
Methodology for Statements of Problems: Kantor and Spearman Conjoined

Modern objective science deals with “statements of facts, “ subjective science deals, instead, with “statements of problems.” The latter are widely held to be insoluble; the practice is to transform them into soluble problems by acts of judgment—the art of policymaking. The question arises: Can policymaking be made more science that art? This is the problem of problems, in the subjective domain, mainly in formation of significant concepts. Q-methodology provides an affirmative answer to this problem. An example is provided, for Freeman Dyson’s views on the problem of nuclear war, in which humanistic subjectivity (Hope) is distinguished from objective inhumanism (Weapons). The study shows that concepts of moral feeling-states are at the root of Dyson’s humanism. The method requires acceptance of “self-reference” as central to subjective science. It happens that Kantor and Spearman are congruent with respect to the state of psychology “down the ages;” but their formulations remain in the Newtonian mode of objectivity. The formulation of Q, in relativity, quantum theoretical, and interbehavioral terms, adds to this a basis for subjective science. This provides answers to the problem of consciousness and mind. An appeal is made for a few interbehaviorists to advance into the Einsteinian age of relativity, quantum theory, and interbehaviorism.
Rapid decline in lung function in healthy adults predicts incident excess urinary albumin excretion later in life

Introduction Chronic lung disease, often characterised by rapid decline in lung function, is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction (characterised by moderate to severe excess urinary albumin excretion (eUAE) but their longitudinal relationship is inadequately studied. In a bidirectional longitudinal examination of healthy adults, we analysed the following two hypotheses: (1) rapid decline (ie, highest tertile of lung function decline) predicts eUAE and (2) eUAE predicts rapid decline. Methods We performed a secondary data analysis from 3052 eligible participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. For analysis 1, the predictor was rapid decline in lung function between the peak value (attained at or before CARDIA visit year 10 or Y10 at a mean age of 35 years) and Y20; and the outcome was incident eUAE at Y20 and/or Y25. For analysis 2, the predictor was eUAE at Y10 and the outcome was rapid decline between Y10 and Y20. Results After adjustment for covariates in analysis 1, rapid decline in FEV 1 or FVC between peak and Y20 predicted incident eUAE at Y20 and/or Y25 (OR 1.51 and 1.44, respectively; p≤0.05 for both analyses). In analysis 2, eUAE at Y10 did not predict subsequent rapid decline. Conclusions Healthy adults with rapid decline in lung function are at risk for developing vascular endothelial dysfunction, as assessed by incident eUAE, later in life.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Acute findings on coronary computed tomography angiography.

Background:The coronary computed tomography angiography features of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection, an important cause of acute coronary syndrome in young women, have not been assessed.Methods:The “Virtual” Multicenter Mayo Clinic Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Registry was established in 2010 and includes retrospective and prospective patient data. Retrospective assessment of acute coronary computed tomography angiography images was performed for 14 patients (16 vessels) who had images performed within two days of invasive coronary angiography diagnosis of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection.Results:Four pertinent diagnostic coronary features of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection were observed in order of prevalence: 1) abrupt luminal stenosis (64%); 2) intramural hematoma (50%); 3) tapered luminal stenosis (36%); and 4) dissection (14%). Additional findings include epicardial fat stranding (42%), coronary tortuosity (29%), and coronary bridge (14%). Fifty percent...
Rethinking Reproductive Labor through Surrogates’ Invisible Bodily Care Work:

New reproductive technologies such as egg donation and in-vitro fertilization have opened a global surrogacy market; surrogacy is now one of many options to start a family. However, surrogacy and o...
Reproductive Response of Ewes to Immunization with Fecundin (Ovandrotone)

Ewes of five crossbred genotypes (total of 221 ewes) were immunized with a commercial preparation of androstenedione-7HSA in DEAE dextran adjuvant in a 2-yr trial. In yr 1 ewes were allocated within genotype to a 2 x 2 application of immunization and premating flushing. In yr 2 they were allocated within previous Fecundin treatment into either Fecundin-treated or control groups. First-time immunization with Fecundin increased ovulation rate by .70 ova/ewe in yr 1 and by .85 ova/ewe in yr 2 (P less than .05). Ewes treated in both years produced fewer ova than those treated in the 2nd yr only (P less than .05), but they did not differ in litter size. Although Fecundin reduced conception to first mating, the overall conception rate was not affected. Litter size of treated ewes was increased by .19 and .38 lambs/ewe lambing (P less than .05) in yr 1 and yr 2, respectively. Fecundin treatment in yr 1 produced a carry-over effect in yr 2 by increasing litter size by .26 lamb/ewe (P less than .05) while reducing conception to first mating. The litter size of ewes with two ovulations was reduced by Fecundin treatment in yr 1 (P less than .05) but showed no consistent pattern in yr 2. Overall, ewes with two ovulations produced .7 to .8 more lambs than ewes with one ovulation, and ewes with three ovulations produced .4 more lambs than those with two ovulations. Ewes of different genotypes did not differ in their response to Fecundin.
Aorto-bronchial Fistula

Aorto-bronchial fistula (ABF) is a rare, life-threatening complication associated with previous thoracic aortic surgery. Patients typically present with hemoptysis and its presence, once confirmed, mandates urgent repair. CT scans, aortography, bronchoscopy, and transesophageal echocardiography are the most common modalities used to make the diagnosis. Open surgery of aorto-bronchial fistulas is associated with respiratory insufficiency, stroke, paralysis, acute renal failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, hemorrhage, secondary graft infection, and a mortality rate ranging from 25 to 41%.1,2 Endovascular stent grafting provides a less invasive approach to exclude the fistulous tract as well as the pathological aorta with reduced morbidity and mortality.3
p15(INK4B) CpG island methylation in primary acute leukemia is heterogeneous and suggests density as a critical factor for transcriptional silencing.

The promoter region of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B contains a CpG island that is hypermethylated in many hematologic malignancies. To explore the relationship between patterns of methylation and gene transcription, we used bisulfite genomic sequencing to obtain a detailed analysis of methylation in acute leukemia, leukemia cell lines, and normal lymphocytes. The entire CpG island region of p15 was largely devoid of methylation in normal lymphocytes, but methylation of varying density was found in primary acute leukemia. Methylation density was generally conserved between the alleles from each sample, but marked heterogeneity for the specific CpG sites methylated was observed. Patterns of methylation were compared and expression assessed with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The density of methylation within the CpG island, and not any specific location, correlates best with transcriptional loss. Leukemias with methylation of approximately 40% of the CpG dinucleotides on each allele had complete gene silencing, with variable, but diminished expression with less dense CpG island methylation. Our results suggest that the transcriptional silencing of p15 in conjunction with aberrant hypermethylation is best understood as an evolutionary process that involves progressively increasing methylation of the entire p15 CpG island.
Bureaucracy and the State

This chapter examines the nature of the public bureaucracy as a central manifestation of the state and state power in European societies, as well as the changing role of bureaucracy in governance. The creation and institutionalization of a public bureaucracy was a central element of the modernization of society in Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. Although bureaucratization was found in all societies, the timing and nature of the bureaucracies that were created were a function of the particular state traditions, as well as the demands placed on governing institutions considered more generally. Indeed, the nature of the bureaucracy is a central element in state traditions and is crucial in understanding governance in these societies, including the creation of concepts of equality and equity in governance. Likewise, pressures toward debureaucratization in contemporary political and social life reflect both general pressures for more efficient and less impersonal means of delivering services and the particular interpretations of those pressures in different systems. As bureaucracy as a form of social organization is devalued, the alternative conceptions of program implementation and the structuring of advice for political leaders will be discussed, along with the recreation of some aspects of formal bureaucracy.
A budgeted maximum multiple coverage model for cybersecurity planning and management

AbstractThis article studies how to identify strategies for mitigating cyber-infrastructure vulnerabilities. We propose an optimization framework that prioritizes the investment in security mitigat...
Development of a fast-scan EPR imaging system for highly accelerated free radical imaging.

PURPOSE In continuous wave EPR imaging, the acquisition of high-quality images was previously limited by the requisite long acquisition times of each image projection that was typically greater than 1 second. To accelerate the process of image acquisition facilitating greater numbers of projections and higher image resolution, instrumentation was developed to greatly accelerate the magnetic field scan that is used to obtain each EPR image projection. METHODS A low-inductance solenoidal coil for field scanning was used along with a spherical solenoid air core magnet, and scans were driven by triangular symmetric waves, allowing forward and reverse spectrum acquisition as rapid as 3.8 ms. The uniform distribution of projections was used to optimize the contribution of projections for 3D image reconstruction. RESULTS Using this fast-scan EPR system, high-quality EPR images of phantoms and perfused rat hearts were performed using trityl or nanoparticulate LiNcBuO (lithium octa-n-butoxy-substituted naphthalocyanine) probes with fast-scan EPR imaging at L-band, achieving spatial resolutions of up to 250 micrometers in 1 minute. CONCLUSION Fast-scan EPR imaging can greatly facilitate the efficient and precise mapping of the spatial distribution of free radical and other paramagnetic probes in living systems.
Analyzing Schools as Firms: What Do the Economics of Organizations and Principal-Agent Theory Say About School Governance and Teacher Pay?

This paper applies several fundamentals of the economics of organizations and principal-agent theory to the governance of schools, the use of teacher incentive pay, the performance of schools, and school reform efforts. We analyze schools as we do firms. We then focus on using the results to understand two public policy issues: mandates regarding teacher pay and school competition/choice. An important element is the multitask principal-agent model where rewarding test scores may induce unwanted side consequences. Additionally, since school administrators have a great deal of situation-specific knowledge, school governance is crucial to enable them to act upon this information in appropriate ways. Differences between public and private organizations matter here, since organization administrators have very different incentives in these settings. Our modeling implies that many public school teachers will have attenuated incentives, but distorted towards test scores. Mandates to increase test score rewards might improve poorly performing schools, but only under certain conditions. Institutional reform is an alternative implicitly implied and considered by our approach. Here the goal is to alter schools administrators’ payoff to make them more responsive to educational value produced and less to political influences, thereby inducing more effective teacher incentive systems.
Portfolio Renewal: The Impact of Organization Design and Supporting Resources on New Product Sales

In many industries firms’ on-going livelihoods are determined by the renewal of their product portfolios through the continuous introduction of new products. However, our understanding of what shap...
The Materials Plasma Exposure eXperiment: Status of the Physics Basis Together With the Conceptual Design and Plans Forward

The Materials Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) is a linear plasma device that will address the plasma–material interaction (PMI) science for future fusion reactors and will enable testing of plasma-facing components (PFCs). It is designed as a steady-state device eventually delivering an ion fluence of up to 1031 m−2 to the target. The device will be designed to handle neutron-activated materials. These capabilities should push the technical readiness level of PFCs up to six for some end-of-life aspects. In order to achieve the relevant plasma conditions, as they are expected in future fusion reactor divertors, MPEX will utilize a novel plasma source concept. This plasma source concept uses a high-power helicon (200 kW, 13.56 MHz), an electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system, which will heat electrons via electron Bernstein wave (EBW) heating (about 400 kW, 70 GHz), and an ion cyclotron heating (ICH) system (400 kW, 6–9 MHz). The physics basis for this plasma source concept including the heating physics and transport is based on experiments on Proto-MPEX. An overview of the experimental results and the physics basis will be given. The physics basis directly translates into functional requirements of MPEX and the conceptual design. The status of the conceptual design of MPEX will be shown.
Personal Protective Equipment for Common Urologic Procedures Before and During the United States COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the personal protective equipment (PPE) utilized in common urologic procedures before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. As elective urologic procedures are being reduced to conserve resources, we sought to quantify the PPE used per case to determine the impact on potentially limited resources needed for protecting healthcare providers treating COVID-19 patients. METHODS An IRB approved retrospective analysis of all urologic procedures in March 2019 and March 2020 was performed. Additionally, all urologic procedures performed by vascular interventional radiology (VIR) in May 2019 and March 2020 were included in the analysis. Case length, surgical and operating room staff present and number of articles of PPE were quantified. Articles of PPE were defined as surgical bonnet/hat and mask, and disposable or reusable gown with 1 pair of surgical gloves. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-seven urologic and VIR procedures were included in the analysis. The mean PPE per case varied significantly between endoscopic and robotic categories. Robotic assisted laparoscopic cystectomy required the most hats and masks (14.5 per case in March 2019) whereas percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement by VIR required the fewest (3.1 in May 2019 and March 2020). CONCLUSION PPE consumption varied significantly across urologic procedures. Robotic-assisted cases require the most PPE and percutaneous nephrostomy placement by VIR requires the fewest. While PPE shortages are currently being addressed national and internationally, our results provide a baseline benchmark for articles of PPE required should another pandemic or global disaster requiring careful attention to resource allocation occur in the future.
Water-Womb-Land Cosmologic: Protocols for Traditional Ecological Knowledge

As the granddaughter of Kickapoo, Comanche, and Macehual peoples who migrated throughout the present-day United States and Mexico, I am most concerned with what happens as our traditional ecologica...
Association of Race/Ethnicity With Overall Survival Among Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastasis.

This cohort study assesses the association of race/ethnicity with overall survival among patients with colorectal liver metastasis overall and among those undergoing liver resection.
The Future of the Trump Presidency

This chapter takes up two questions: Does the Trump presidency have a future? And if so, what kind? Much depends on whether Trump wins reelection and if he does, the distribution of power in the House and Senate Trump has bet his presidency on his efforts to change the dominant narratives associated with the eight policy pillars that define his Politics of American Restoration. One question is whether he will succeed. An equally important question, given Trump’s goals, is how do entrenched political paradigms and narratives change? As the election nears, two personal questions face Trump. Does he have the psychological and emotional capacities and reserves for leading and governing this divided country and bringing the country back from the ravages of the Coronavirus pandemic and the political divisions that threaten it? Second, will he be able to do so in the face of continuing unremitting personal and political attacks on his policies, supporters, officials, and family? If Trump wins reelection, whatever the distribution of power in Congress, successfully realizing his Restoration ambitions will be equivalent to scaling Mt. Annapurna. It will take skill, experience, determination, courage, resilience, and a dedicated, competent, and effective group of support allies. Many imagine that climb. Few attempt it. Fewer succeed. The risks are high; the chances of success low; but it would be unwise to place a large bet against President Trump.
Ultra Wide Voltage Range One Time Programmable EPROM Circuit for Portable Applications

One Time Programmable EPROM is one of the most popular embedded nonvolatile memory types owing to its small size, low cost and ease of integration. State of the art power management analog chips designed for smart meters, portable personal electronics and battery powered applications require their embedded memory IPs to be read at a very low voltage while also retaining the ability to read at high voltages without getting soft programmed. Conventional topologies fail to work at such a wide range owing to either insufficient Vds across the OTP EPROM component at very low voltages or unintentional programming at high voltages. These concerns are addressed in this paper through a novel low power current limiting scheme that includes a new current sensing bit cell architecture in conjunction with an ultra low spread current reference that helps achieve reading at ultra low voltage while also protecting the cell from soft program at high voltages.
Interfacial charge transfer and interaction in the MXene / Ti O 2 heterostructures

Hybrid materials of MXenes [two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides] and transition-metal oxides have shown great promise in electrical energy storage (EES) and 2D heterostructures have been proposed as the next-generation electrode materials to expand the limits of current technology. Here we use first principles density functional theory to investigate the interfacial structure, energetics, and electronic properties of the heterostructures of MXenes (${\mathrm{Ti}}_{\mathrm{n}+1}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{n}}{T}_{2}$; T = terminal groups) and anatase $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. We find that the greatest work-function differences are between OH-terminated MXene (1.6 eV) and anatase $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}(101)$ (6.4 eV), resulting in the largest interfacial electron transfer ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.9\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}e/\mathrm{n}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ across the interface) from MXene to the $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layer. This interface also has the strongest adhesion and is further strengthened by hydrogen bond formation. For O--, F--, or mixed O--/F-- terminated ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{\mathrm{n}+1}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{n}}$ MXenes, electron transfer is minimal and interfacial adhesion is weak for their heterostructures with $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The strong dependence of the interfacial properties of the $\mathrm{MXene}/\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ heterostructures on the surface chemistry of the MXenes will be useful to tune the heterostructures for EES applications.
Are muscle synergies useful for stroke rehabilitation

Abstract Modular organization of human movement has been studied for several decades using muscle synergy analysis. Whether the reduction in control dimensionality calculated by muscle synergy analysis is of neural origin or only a mathematical construct remains controversial. Nonetheless, sufficient empirical evidence exists to support the potential utility of muscle synergy analysis for assessing and treating motor impairment. This article reviews recent advances in the use of muscle synergy analysis to assess poststroke motor impairment, assess stroke rehabilitation effectiveness, and design stroke rehabilitation approaches. Synergy-based rehabilitation strategies that attempt to correct impaired neuromuscular coordination have emerged only recently. Expansion of this promising area will likely require integration of muscle synergy concepts, patient-specific neuromusculoskeletal models, and rehabilitation robotics to identify optimal synergy changes and implement effective poststroke training protocols that induce them.
Advancing OpenMP Offload Debugging Capabilities in LLVM

Debugging an application is famously twice as hard as writing the application in the first place. While this sentiment predates modern GPU programming by decades, it is all the more true when the application has to manage computation and memory across different architectures, memory spaces, and execution modes. Any subtle error, whether in the application, the compiler, or runtime system, can lead to unexpected behavior that is hard to understand from the program output alone. While some tooling solutions for GPU debugging exist, their maturity and usefulness varies gravely between vendors. Furthermore, as OpenMP offloading puts an abstraction layer between the programmer and the underlying hardware, the information from a native GPU driver (debugging tool) is not always transferable to the OpenMP programming model. As the OpenMP Tooling [12] (OMPT) and Debug [4] (OMPD) interfaces are still not ready to debug OpenMP offloading code in production, developers have a hard time to comprehend the implementation state, error sources, and interplay of the OpenMP world with the foreign device runtimes, e.g., CUDA. In this work we present our efforts towards better debug information for OpenMP offloading through the LLVM compiler. Our developer-centric extensions allow us to inspect the state of the OpenMP offloading runtimes and their interaction with the foreign runtimes. In contrast to partial solutions employed before, we provide the ability to select the reported information through a fine-granular and flexible system without introducing substantial overheads. Furthermore, we present a software-managed stack trace feature for OpenMP offload kernels that works even without the notoriously fragile debug information in the GPU code.
La ciudad post apocalíptica en Maruja en el infierno y Las malas intenciones

In this paper I explain how the prominence of female characters in the Peruvian films Las malas intenciones (Rosario Garcia Montero, 2011) y Maruja en el infierno (Francisco Lombardi, 1983) deploys an alternative gaze to the urban society of the eighties, devastated due to the failure of national projects that never renounced their colonial legacy. While the first film portrays a decadent society, besieged by an insurrection that, from the surrounding areas of the city, breaks into the domestic space of the family, the second film shows the devastation as a fait accompli where the survivors unleash their brutal passions and ambitions. Lima, siege of unsuccessful industrialization projects, transitions from the apocalyptic views of Cayetana in Las Malas intenciones, to the post-apocalyptic environment in Maruja en el infierno, where Maruja struggles to survive.
A Note on Taxes and the Capital Structure of Partnerships, REITs, and Related Entities

Jaffe (1991) shows that the value of partnerships and REITs is generally invariant to leverage, although certain tax law provisions can result in an inverse relationship between value and leverage....
The Ninth Circuit's Redundant Remand in E.M. v. Pajaro Unified Valley School District Sends an Important Message

On July 14, 2011, in E.M. ex rel. E.M. v. Pajaro Valley School District, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit remanded a case because the district court applied an improper standard in determining whether a clinical psychologist’s report constituted “additional evidence” under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. In so doing, the Ninth Circuit broadly defined the “additional evidence” courts must consider in hearing
Cardiorespiratory responses to pregnancy and exercise in normal women and patients with heart disease.

Abstract Serial measurements of blood oxygen transport were performed during pregnancy and post partum in 6 normal women and in 16 women with mild heart disease. During pregnancy, normal women have an increased rate of oxygen consumption ( V ˙ o 2 ) at rest regardless of posture. Early in pregnancy, the rise in cardiac output is proportionately greater than the increase in V ˙ o 2 , resulting in a decreased C a o 2 − C v ¯ o 2 . Late in pregnancy, the V ˙ o 2 continues to rise, but the resting cardiac output falls in the supine and sitting positions and the C a o 2 − C v ¯ o 2 widens. Standard sitting exercise costs more in terms of V ˙ o 2 during pregnancy, and the heart assumes a greater share of the burden for supplying the oxygen needs to the periphery in normal patients. In women with mild heart disease, the resting cardiac output and V ˙ o 2 during pregnancy is lower and they show a smaller increment in response to standard sitting exercise. The average C a o 2 − C v ¯ o 2 at rest throughout pregnancy and post partum is wider. Patients with mitral stenosis, in particular, have a low cardiac output and a consistently wider C a o 2 − C v ¯ o 2 . During exercise, the handicap in cardiac output and peripheral oxygen supply becomes even more apparent in this group of women. There is no accumulation in oxygen debt during exercise at any time in the study, and blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations during and after recovery from exercise show no significant differences attributable to either pregnancy or to heart disease.
Ethical aspects of pediatric home care

This essay is a discussion of ethical issues that arise in the provision of home health care to technology-dependent children. Different ethical norms, especially with regard to the degree of professional responsibility for outcomes, traditionally have applied to home care and hospital care. In particular, parents generally are expected to do their best, but are not expected to have the same specialized knowledge of risks and benefits with regard to particular interventions as health professionals. When home health care involves the use of advanced medical technology, it strains traditional conceptions of parental responsibilities to care for the health of their children at home. It can also strain traditional concepts of professional responsibilities to care for critically ill children in hospitals. We discuss some of the tensions that arise as medical, psychological, and economic forces lead to the increasing use of high technology in the care of children outside of traditional health care institutions.
Quantifying Gains Using the Capabilities-Based Test and Evaluation Method

Today's military operating environments are more operationally diverse and technically challenging. Fielding relevant weapons systems to meet the demands of this environment is increasingly difficult, prompting policy shifts that mandate a focus on systems capable of combating a wide threat range. The capabilities-based test and evaluation construct is the Department of the Navy's effort to concentrate on integrated system design with the objective of satisfying a particular operational response (capability) under a robust range of operating conditions. One aspect of capabilities-based test and evaluation is the increased employment of advanced mathematical and statistical techniques in the test and evaluation (T&E) process. This case study illustrates advantages of incorporating these invaluable techniques, like design of experiments and modeling and simulation, within the T&E process. We found through statistical analysis that the application of design of experiment concepts to the System Under Test throughout three primary phases of T&E quantifiably improved the accomplishment of the selected response variable of interest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Framework for Unknown Environment Manipulator Motion Planning via Model Based Realtime Rehearsal

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for an unknown environment path planning of manipulator type robots. Unknown environment motion planning, by its nature, requires a sensor based planning approach. The problem domain of unknown environment planning is notoriously hard, especially for difficult cases. The framework we propose herein is a sensor based planner composed of a sequence of multiple MBPs (Model Based Planners) in the notion of cognitive planning using realtime rehearsal. That is, by the proposed framework, one can use a combination of model based planners as tactical tools to resolve location specific problems in overall planning endeavor. The enabling technology for the realtime rehearsal is a sensitive skin type sensor introduced in the paper. We describe the developed sensor and demonstrate the feasibility of solving a difficult unknown environment problem using the introduced sensor based planning framework up to 3 DOF linked manipulator.
Microgrids and Heterogeneous Power Quality and Reliability

This paper describes two stylized alternative visions of how the power system might evolve to meet future requirements for the high quality electricity service that modern digital economies demand, a supergrids paradigm and a dispersed paradigm. Some of the economics of the dispersed vision are explored, and perspectives are presented on both the choice of homogeneous universal power quality upstream in the electricity supply chain and on the extremely heterogeneous requirements of end-use loads. It is argued that meeting the demanding requirements of sensitive loads by local provision of high quality power may be more cost effective than increasing the quality of universal homogeneous supply upstream in the legacy grid. Finally, the potential role of microgrids in delivering heterogeneous power quality is demonstrated by reference to two ongoing microgrid tests in the U.S. and Japan.
Privacy and Confidentiality Issues: A Guide for Libraries and Their Lawyers by Teresa Chmara

Although this book is short, at only 91 pages including the appendix, it contains all the information necessary for a library to author successful and comprehensive privacy policies. Aimed primaril...
Dynamics of Cr(CO)6+ collisions with hydrogenated surfaces

Classical trajectory simulations are used to study the activation of Cr(CO)6+ ions by 5–110 eV collisions with n-hexyl thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and the H-terminated diamond {111} surfaces. The transfer of the ion’s initial translational energy Ei to the ion’s internal degrees of freedom Eint, to the surface Esurf, and to final translational energy Ef depends on both Ei and the surface. At Ei=70 eV the percent energy transfers to Eint, Esurf, and Ef are 9, 81, and 10 for collision with the SAM and 17, 29, and 54 for collision with diamond. For collision with the SAM, the percent energy transfer to Eint is 8–10% and nearly independent of Ei, while it depends on Ei for collision with diamond. The percent transfer to Eint, for collision with the SAM, is in excellent agreement with experiment. For both surfaces, the percent energy transfer to Esurf and to Ef increase and decrease, respectively, as Ei is increased. For Ei of 30 and 70 eV the Cr(CO)n+, n=4–6, ions shatter as Cr(CO)6+ strikes the diamond surface. At 110 eV some of the n=1–3 ions also begin to shatter. Shattering is only observed for collision with the SAM at an Ei of 110 eV, for which the n=4–6 ions shatter. At lower Ei, the Cr(CO)6+ ions rebound off the SAM and dissociate via intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, with lifetimes approximately the same as those of Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory. Energy partitioning to the Cr(CO)n+→Cr(CO)n−1++CO, n=1–6, dissociation products is nonstatistical, with the partitioning to relative translation and CO vibrational and rotational energy, larger and smaller, respectively, than the prediction of phase space theory. There is negligible energy transfer to the CO vibration during the collision of Cr(CO)6+ with either surface or later as a result of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution after the Cr(CO)n+ ions scatter off the surfaces.
Secure middleware for situation-aware naval C/sup 2/ and combat systems

There is an increasing need within the Navy & Marine Corps for building distributed situation-aware applications that are rapidly reconfigurable and survivable in the face of attacks and changing mission needs. For the Navy's vision of Network Centric Warfare and Total Ship Computing to succeed, there is an urgent need for a secure, robust, and survivable network infrastructure for disseminating mission-critical information in a timely manner. It is widely believed that intelligent software agents provide the ability to build robust, agile, and efficient distributed applications. We outline how SINS (Secure Infrastructure for Networked Systems) being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory will provide commanders and warfighters the necessary middleware for constructing situation-aware Command and Control (C/sup 2/) and combat applications. We pay particular attention to the correctness, survivability, and efficiency of the underlying middleware architecture, and develop a middleware definition language SOL (Secure Operations Language) that enables C/sup 2/ and Combat applications to use this infrastructure in a seamless and scalable manner.
Gamma-globulin in the trabecular meshwork of glaucomatous eyes.

Introduction The evidence that the elevated intraocular pressure of glaucomatous eyes is associated with increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humor has stimulated careful study of the trabecular meshwork. The histologic changes which have been described in the meshwork of eyes with proved open-angle glaucoma include, among other findings, swelling of trabecular sheets, degeneration and fragmentation of the collagen core, and proliferation of endothelial cells. A consideration of such changes raised the question of glaucoma as a connective tissue disorder. 1-3 The use of fluorescein-labeled antibodies has demonstrated γ-globulin in many of the connective tissue disorders and suggested immunogenic components of these disease processes. 4 In the present investigation similar evidence for the presence of γ-globulin was found in the trabecular meshwork of glaucomatous eyes. Methods Material from 25 eyes with chronic open-angle glaucoma was studied. Eighteen eyes were obtained from 16 patients (14 at autopsy and 4 at
Evidence for Psychosocial Risk Factors and Behavioral Interventions in Cardiovascular Disease

Over nearly a half century, epidemiologic studies have shown a strong relationship between several psychosocial variables and the risk of coronary heart disease. Key factors include negative thought patterns and emotions, specifically depressive syndromes, anxiety syndromes, hostility and anger, worry and pessimism. Chronic stress factors include work stress, social isolation, and low socioeconomic status. Positive psychological factors include optimism, social support and sense of purpose. Clinical trials involving behavioral interventions such as those focusing on type A behavior or depression, have had mixed results. Simple psychosocial evaluation recommended includes an inventory for assessing depression given its predominance as a psychosocial factor consistently associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Screening for other factors of psychosocial stress as well as carefully planned multidisciplinary management is also recommended to maximize the likelihood of adherence.
Stormy Weather: Race, Gene Expression, and the Science of Health Disparities

In the current US political climate, conservative foundations are seeking to frame debates over determinants of racial/ethnic health disparities as a matter of "politically correct" unscientific ideology (concerning the health impacts of discrimination) vs scientific yet "politically incorrect" expertise rooted in biological facts (concerning genes). I draw on historical and contemporary examples to place conservative polemics in context, and also highlight fundamental flaws in their arguments involving the use of spurious categories (e.g., Caucasian), logical fallacies, temporal fallacies, and an erroneous emphasis on gene frequency over gene expression. The larger goal is to strengthen development of a more critical, reflexive, and rigorous science capable of generating evidence useful for rectifying--rather than perpetuating--social disparities in health.
Low-coherence reflectometry based on DFWM in a thin liquid layer

We describe a coherence filtering technique based on degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) in a thin nonlinear optical material. In contrast to previous works which used ultra-short laser pulses, we performed low-coherence filtering techniques through scattering media with broad- spectrum nanosecond pulses. In our first 'proof of principle' experiments we used a 100 micrometer thick layer of dye solution as a nonlinear optical material and investigated a one dimensional case for depth-resolved measurements through a scattering media consisting of a highly scattering suspension of dielectric microspheres in water. We also describe a technique to obtain instantaneous cross-sectional images (which can be depth scanned to obtain the third dimension) performed with a low-coherence nanosecond laser source on a liquid crystal doped with an infrared dye. Experimental results were obtained with room temperature LiF:F2- and LiF:F2+ color center lasers, and a Q-switched alexandrite laser. This technique can be used to provide instantaneous, single-shot, two-dimensional images of the internal structure of materials versus depth.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Engaging Struggling Adolescent Readers Through Situational Interest: A Model Proposing the Relationships Among Extrinsic Motivation, Oral Reading Proficiency, Comprehension, and Academic Achievement

Reading ability and motivation among adolescents across the country continues to be problematic, as only slightly more than one-third read at a proficient level (Grigg, Donahue, & Dion, 2007; Unrau & Schlackman, 2006). Hidi and Renninger (2006) have proposed a four-phase model of situational interest that suggests how activities involving extrinsic motivation can be used to potentially develop intrinsic motivation. Using structural equation modeling, the author proposes a model that connects extrinsic motivation for reading, oral reading fluency, comprehension, and academic achievement to demonstrate how situational interest for reading can be leveraged by the classroom teacher to engage struggling readers in activities that promote literacy achievement in struggling adolescent readers.
Regeneration of peach plants from callus derived from immature embryos

Peach plants were repeatedly regenerated from immature embryos but not from callus derived from mature embryos. A white, nodular, highly regenerative callus was obtained when friable, primary callus from immature embryos was transferred from medium containing 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.44 μM benzyladenine (BA) to media containing 0.27 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.2 μM BA. This callus retained its morphogenetic potential for a minimum of three subcultures. Green nodular callus, that lacked regenerative capacity, was produced from primary callus derived from mature embryos. Maximum regeneration of shoots occurred when highly regenerative callus was transferred to a medium in which the NAA concentration was reduced five times and the BA concentration was increased two times. Regenerated shoots were rooted in the dark on a medium containing 28.5 μM indoleacetic acid. Cytogenetic analysis of regenerated plants indicated that all plants were diploid, 2n = 2x = 16. Phenotypic evaluation of regenerated plants, grown under field conditions, is now in progress.