cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wave-induced dynamics of flexible blades

Abstract In this paper, we present an experimental and numerical study that describes the motion of flexible blades, scaled to be dynamically similar to natural aquatic vegetation, forced by wave-induced oscillatory flows. For the conditions tested, blade motion is governed primarily by two dimensionless variables: (i) the Cauchy number, Ca, which represents the ratio of the hydrodynamic forcing to the restoring force due to blade stiffness, and (ii) the ratio of the blade length to the wave orbital excursion, L. For flexible blades with Ca ⪢ 1 , the relationship between drag and velocity can be described by two different scaling laws at the large- and small-excursion limits. For large excursions ( L ⪡ 1 ) , the flow resembles a unidirectional current and the scaling laws developed for steady-flow reconfiguration studies hold. For small excursions ( L ⪢ 1 ) , the beam equations may be linearized and a different scaling law for drag applies. The experimental force measurements suggest that the small-excursion scaling applies even for intermediate cases with L ~ O ( 1 ) . The numerical model employs the well-known Morison force formulation, and adequately reproduces the observed blade dynamics and measured hydrodynamic forces without the use of any fitted parameters. For Ca ⪢ 1 , the movement of the flexible blades reduces the measured and modeled hydrodynamic drag relative to a rigid blade of the same morphology. However, in some cases with Ca ~ O ( 1 ) , the measured hydrodynamic forces generated by the flexible blades exceed those generated by rigid blades, but this is not reproduced in the model. Observations of blade motion suggest that this unusual behavior is related to an unsteady vortex shedding event, which the simple numerical model cannot reproduce. Finally, we also discuss implications for the modeling of wave energy dissipation over canopies of natural aquatic vegetation.
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Response to Training

Skeletal muscle of adult mammals retains remarkable plasticity. Hypertrophy is evoked by resistance exercise through increased satellite cell activity and activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways involving insulin-like growth factor signaling. Skeletal muscle undergoes fast-to-slow fiber type transformation along with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis following endurance exercise. Activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase and phosphatase signaling pathways and exercise-induced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivatorlαt play important roles in neuromuscular activity-dependent induction and maintenance of slow muscle gene expression.
Advances in the Treatment of Mucus Clearance Disorders

Mucous secretions are the product of specialized secretory glands and cells distributed throughout the body, especially where the body encounters the outside world. As the process of secretion consumes a great deal of cellular energy, this process is thought to be a critically important function of these epithelia. Gastric mucus protects the stomach from infection and ulcers. Cervical mucus is believed to be important in both promoting and inhibiting fertility. Within the airways, mucus serves as a barrier to water loss and microbial invasion and it is essential for entrapping and clearing inhaled foreign matter. Mucus is an inhomogeneous, viscoelastic, adhesive gel containing water, sugars, proteins, and lipids. It is a normal product of mucous (goblet) cells and mucous glands. Mucus is transported from the lower respiratory tract into the pharynx by ciliary clearance. Sputum consists of lower respiratory tract secretions and debris including microorganisms, cells, and neutrophil-derived DNA and actin polymers. Sputum is primarily cleared by airflow.
Logros, problemas y vigencia de la semiótica teatral: una visión retrospectiva

The first part of this essay consists of a critical overview of semiotics of theater, considering their main theorists. We intend to demonstrate that semiotics of theatre, as it happens with any social science, has evolved by refining its analytical tools and adapting to contextual challenges. It will be seen, that despite the claims of some critics- semiotics of theatre, with the support of other sciences- still stands as a useful theoretical model to study the dramatic and performative texts. In the second part, we focus on ;Oresteia -0 Canto do Bode ; by Galpao do Folias de Sao Paulo to prove the feasibility of semiotics of theatre as a theoretical model. We pay special attention to the way in which the Folias rereads Aeschylus’ play to relate it with the Brasilean and Latin American social, political and cultural history. We also show the way in which the Folias uses metatheatrical devices to show in Oresteia traces of other plays performed by the group during its 10 years.
Achieving Justice Through the International Criminal Court in Northern Uganda: Is Indigenous/Restorative Justice a Better Approach?

The self-referral by the Ugandan government for the situation concerning the Lord’s Resistance Army/Movement in Northern Uganda triggered the first referral for the International Criminal Court (IC...
Management of the Potential Organ Donor in the ICU

There is a major gap between supply and demand of organs for transplantation. Organ donation after neurological death is increasing in the United States, and there is potential for this gap to be m...
Effect of Feather Coverage and Temperature on Layer Performance

Abstract An experiment was conducted with 59-wk-old DeKalb XL White Leghorns to determine the effect of percentage feather coverage (FC) on performance and nutrient intake of layers housed in cold (12.8 C), thermoneutral (23.9 C), and hot (33.9 C) temperatures. At each temperature, 60 hens had 0, 50, or 100% feathers removed and were fed diets containing 2,865 kcal ME/kg. Feed intake of hens housed at 23.9 C (115 g/day for all FC groups) was 25 g/day higher (P
Wasted Time and Money in Meetings: Increasing Return on Investment

Meetings are a significant investment for organizations and the groups that comprise them, but the small group literature has often neglected the direct study of meetings. This article closes the special issue on work meetings by exploring the costs associated with unnecessary or poorly facilitated meetings and proposes a three-stage model that groups and organizations may use to assure that the time invested in meetings is more likely to deliver a return on the resources invested.
Inheritance Patterns of Aldehyde Oxidase, Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Phosphoglucomutase Allozymes in the Boll Weevil

The inheritance patterns of aldehyde oxidahse (Ao) , glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (Got) , and phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) were investigated in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There are codominant autosomal alleles segregating at 4 loci. One Ao locus was unreliable as a marker under the conditions used. The remaining Ao locus and Got locus, both with 2 alleles, and the Pgm locus, with 3 alleles, were easily scored and made useful markers. The heterozygotes of Ao and Got exhibited 3 bands, which suggests that the enzymes of these systems are dimers. Pgm heterozygotes exhibited only 2 bands, which suggests monomerin enzymes.
POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR A NEW MECHANISM FOR REACTION OF TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINE WITH DIOXYGEN

Abstract Evidence is presented suggesting that the mechanism for reaction of trimethylphosphine with dioxygen proceeds through Me3PO2 as an intermediate. A mechanistic scheme is proposed to explain the products observed and the spectroscopic data obtained.
Changes in regional vascular capacitance during prostacyclin-induced cardiac vagal reflex in pigs

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin; PGI2)-induced cardiac vagal reflex on intestinal and liver blood volumes and the intestinal vascular pressure-volume (P-V) relationship. In anesthetized pigs, blood volumes were measured by blood-pool scintigraphy. Portal venous pressure was varied by graded inflation of a portal vein constrictor to determine the intestinal vascular P-V relationship. Proximal right coronary infusion of PGI2 at a rate of 0.15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 6 min increased intestinal blood volume by 7.0 +/- 1.2% (P < 0.01, means +/- SE) and shifted the intestinal vascular P-V relationship away from the pressure axis (i.e., a volume increase at a given venous pressure). This change was associated with decreases in liver blood volume and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by 4.5 +/- 1.2 (P < 0.01) and 17 +/- 2% (P < 0.05), respectively. PGI2 also reduced central venous pressure by 16 +/- 2% from 3.2 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P < 0.05) and portal venous pressure by 7.0 +/- 0.6% from 7.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg (P < 0.05). These responses were abolished by bilateral vagotomy. The results demonstrate that intracoronary PGI2 infusion increases intestinal blood volume. This increase is mediated by a cardiac vagal reflex. The PGI2-induced shift in the intestinal vascular P-V relationship suggests that intestinal blood volume increases by an active change in vascular capacitance, whereas reductions in liver blood volume and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure appear to be due to passive mechanisms related to the shift of blood volume to the intestinal circulation.
Seroepidemiological Investigation on Q Fever of People And Livestock in Different Regions Of Anhui Province

Objective To explore the infection status and the characteristics of distribution of Q fever in population and livestock in the hills and Huaibei plain of Anhui province,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of Q fever.Methods 613 serum samples of people in rural area and 150 serum sample of livestock were collected in Guangde,Mingguang and Huaiyuan county from April to May in 2009.Indirect fluorescence assay(IFA) was used to detect the antibody against Q fever.Meanwhile,in accordance with different geographical region,different age and different sex,the antibody level of the serum samples were made a comparison.Results Among those 613 human serum samples,the antibody-positive sera of Q fever were 239,the positive rate reached 53.67%,and there were significant differences in antibody levels of human serum samples in different regions.Among 150 serum samples of livestock,the antibody-positive sera were 71,the positive rate reached 47.33%,and there was significant difference in the antibody levels of serum samples of livestock in different regions.Positive rate of human serum samples had a positive correlation with that of livestock.Conclusion In some rural areas of Anhui province,there were highly positive rates of Q fever in human and livestock serum samples,and the risk of transmission from livestock to humans existed.So it is necessary to improve the preventive consciousness and the diagnostic ability for Q fever.
Surgical Considerations in Treatment of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate

Intraductal carcinomas of the prostate comprise about 3 per cent of all prostatic carcinomas and constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors that include 1) transitional or squamous cell carcinoma, 2) intraductal adenocarcinoma, 3) endometrioid carcinoma and 4) mixed ductal carcinoma. Generally, these tumors are poorly responsive to endocrine and radiation therapy, and complete surgical excision offers the best chance for long-term survival. A case of intraductal adenocarcinoma is presented that illustrates many of the features of these tumors.
Impact of a Community-Based Physical Activity Program on Fitness and Adiposity Among Overweight and Obese Children

This study tested whether overweight/obese children's attendance in a community-based physical activity (PA) program was associated with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity and whether in-program activity levels influenced those associations. Program sessions (offered twice/week, 2 hours/session, over 9 months) included structured exercise/sports. At baseline and follow-up, CRF was measured as Progressive Aerobic Cardiorespiratory Endurance Run (PACER) laps, height/weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Attendance was recorded as sessions attended. Children wore pedometers in 10 representative sessions; in-program activity was calculated as mean steps/minute across sessions. Linear mixed models tested associations between attendance and changes in PACER score and BMI and the influence of in-program activity on those associations. A total of 101 participants (56% male, 93% Hispanic) completed baseline and one or two follow-up fitness/adiposity measurements. Attendance was associated with PACER change (β = .093, p = .01) but not BMI change (β = .00026, p = .97). There were significant interactions between attendance and in-program activity: Attendance more favorably affected PACER (p < .0001) and BMI (p = .03) as in-program activity levels increased. Attending community-based PA programs may improve CRF among overweight/obese children, particularly when participants are highly active during program time. Community practitioners should not only enroll overweight/obese children in PA programs but also promote adequate attendance/in-program activity levels.
Introduction: Writing on Nietzsche

1. The first challenge that a commentator on Nietzsche faces, even before attempting to make a case for the relevance of his work, is to justify the work’ very existence among a flooding tide of literature. It was observed in 2006 that over nineteen thousand books and articles about Nietzsche the man, his life or his philosophy had been published since 1960.1 Judging from the trend of the last fewyears, the flood shows no sign of abating and this figure must be now well exceeded. In about fifty years, the pendulum has thus swung from Marx to Nietzsche, the two almost contemporary authors of the end of the nineteenth Century. The disgrace of the former has paralleled the seemingly unstoppable rise of the latter. The tangible Symptoms of this phenomenon are piain to see. In the postmodern West, if a diffuse but perceptible nostalgia for a tighter Community lingers, the emphasis is more than ever on indi- vidual aspirations. One is constantly urged to strengthen one’ personal values to resist the centrifugal forces of an atomised society. ‘What does not kill me, makes me stronger’,2 Nietzsche’ famous but often unattrib- uted defiant catchcry, has become everyone’ motto. Oxymoronic as it may sound, the expression ‘popular philosopher’ see ms to fit Nietzsche to perfection.
MODELING DEMENTIA RISK , COGNITIVE CHANGE, PREDICTIVE RULES IN LONGITUDINAL STUDIES

OF DISSERTATION MODELING DEMENTIA RISK, CONGNITIVE CHANGE, AND PREDICTIVE MODELING IN LOGITUDINAL STUDIES Dementia is increasing recognized as a major problem to public health worldwide. Prevention and treatment strategies are in critical need. Nowadays, research for dementia usually featured as complex longitudinal studies, which provide extensive information and also propose challenge to statistical methodology. The purpose of this dissertation research was to apply statistical methodology in the field of dementia to strengthen the understanding of dementia from three perspectives: 1) Application of statistical methodology to investigate the association between potential risk factors and incident dementia. 2) Application of statistical methodology to analyze changes over time, or trajectory, in cognitive tests and symptoms. 3) Application of statistical learning methods to predict development of dementia in the future. Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease with Vitamin E and Selenium (PREADViSE) (7547 subjects included) and Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (591 participants included) were used in this dissertation. The first study, “Self-reported sleep apnea and dementia risk: Findings from the PREADViSE Alzheimer’s disease prevention trial ”, shows that self-reported baseline history of sleep apnea was borderline significantly associated with risk of dementia after adjustment for confounding. Stratified analysis by APOE e4 carrier status showed that baseline history of sleep apnea was associated with significantly increased risk of dementia in APOE e4 non-carriers. The second study, “comparison of trajectories of episodic memory for over 10 years between baseline normal and MCI ADNI subjects,” shows that estimated 30% normal subjects at baseline assigned to group 3 and 6 stay stable for over 9 years, and normal subjects at baseline assigned to Group 1 (18.18%) and Group 5 (16.67%) were more likely to develop into dementia. In contrast to groups identified for normal subjects, all trajectory groups for MCI subjects at baseline showed the tendency to decline. The third study, “comparison between neural network and logistic regression in PREADViSE trial,” demonstrates that neural network has slightly better predictive performance than logistic regression, and also it can reveal complex relationships among covariates. In third study, the effect of years of education on response variable depends on years of age, status of APOE ɛ4 allele and memory change.
Optimization of Asset Management through modern Monitoring and Diagnostic Tools

In the highly competitive context of deregulated world energy, transmission utilities have a need for monitoring devices, using microprocessor based technology in order to optimize asset management within substations. A second-more sophisticated- generation of devices, adding protection and control to monitoring, is seen as the next step to decrease additionally the scheduled maintenance expenditures, thanks notably to new advances in the field of substations communication protocols. This paper lists the items included in the development of the new switchgear intelligent control unit version 4 (SICU4) as well as examples for serial monitoring and control for disconnectors and earthing switches. Application examples for A.I.S. compact substations and serial integration of the IED's into WEB - or IEC 61850 server demonstrates the possibilities with innovative solutions
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma with central biliary obstruction

Here, we present the case of a pediatric patient with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma causing central biliary obstruction and persistently elevated bilirubin of 3.0–4.3 mg/dl despite placement of bilateral internal–external biliary drains. The tumor was not resectable, and the patient was not a candidate for liver transplant due to nodal disease, for chemotherapy due to hyperbilirubinemia, or for local therapies aside from stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). In this report, we discuss the successful use of SBRT in the management of this patient, and its role in allowing the patient to become a candidate for additional therapies.
Phase I study of RO4929097 with bevacizumab in patients with recurrent malignant glioma

Antiangiogenic therapies for malignant gliomas often result in transient response, and recurrent disease is characterized by adoption of invasive and hypoxic phenotype. The notch signaling pathway is activated in gliomas, and augments cell migration and hypoxic response. Here we report a clinical study of the combination of bevacizumab and RO4929097, an inhibitor of the notch signaling cascade. A phase I clinical trial was conducted through the Adult Brain Tumor Consortium in subjects with recurrent malignant glioma. Primary objectives were to assess safety and to define the maximum tolerated dose of RO4929097 in combination with bevacizumab. Secondary objectives were to determine overall survival, progression free survival, radiographic response, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and tissue biomarker analysis. Thirteen subjects were enrolled. Of the three subjects treated with the highest dose of RO4929097, one grade 3 toxicity and one grade 2 toxicity were observed. Definitive maximum tolerated dose of RO4929097 in combination with bevacizumab was not identified due to manufacturer’s decision to halt drug production. 2 of 12 evaluable subjects demonstrated radiographic response; one subject experienced CR and the second PR. The median overall survival was 10.9 months with a median progression-free survival of 3.7 months. Two subjects remained free of disease progression at 6 months from treatment initiation. PK evaluation did not identify clinically significant drug–drug interactions. All analyzed tissue specimens revealed activation of notch signaling. Combination of RO4929097 and bevacizumab was well-tolerated. Given the compelling scientific rationale, additional studies of antiangiogenic and notch signaling inhibitors should be considered.
Multicomponent Reading Interventions for Students with Intellectual Disability.

Reading instruction for students with intellectual disability (ID) has traditionally focused on single skill instruction such as sight word reading. Given that multicomponent reading interventions ...
Earth-Abundant Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Devices with over 5% Efficiency Based on a Cu 2 BaSn(S,Se) 4 Absorber.

In recent years, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) materials have enabled important progress in associated thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology, while avoiding scarce and/or toxic metals; however, cationic disorder and associated band tailing fundamentally limit device performance. Cu2BaSnS4 (CBTS) has recently been proposed as a prospective alternative large bandgap (~2 eV), environmentally friendly PV material, with ~2% power conversion efficiency (PCE) already demonstrated in corresponding devices. In this study, a two-step process (i.e., precursor sputter deposition followed by successive sulfurization/selenization) yields high-quality nominally pinhole-free films with large (>1 µm) grains of selenium-incorporated (x = 3) Cu2BaSnS4−xSex (CBTSSe) for high-efficiency PV devices. By incorporating Se in the sulfide film, absorber layers with 1.55 eV bandgap, ideal for single-junction PV, have been achieved within the CBTSSe trigonal structural family. The abrupt transition in quantum efficiency data for wavelengths above the absorption edge, coupled with a strong sharp photoluminescence feature, confirms the relative absence of band tailing in CBTSSe compared to CZTSSe. For the first time, by combining bandgap tuning with an air-annealing step, a CBTSSe-based PV device with 5.2% PCE (total area 0.425 cm2) is reported, >2.5× better than the previous champion pure sulfide device. These results suggest substantial promise for the emerging Se-rich Cu2BaSnS4–xSex family for high-efficiency and earth-abundant PV.
Cardiotoxicity with adjuvant trastuzumab + anthracycline: Incidence and risk factors in a cohort of 962 HER2+ breast cancers from 2005-2011.

e11599 Background: Prospective clinical trials and observational studies using diagnostic codes from electronic health records have reported varying cardiotoxicity risk for adjuvant trastuzumab (T)...
Manganese and neurobehavioral impairment. A preliminary risk assessment.

Similar patterns of cognitive and motor deficits have been widely reported from manganese exposures in welding, metallurgical and chemical industry workers. A risk assessment was performed based on studies reported in the literature, extending some earlier work, and deriving new estimates of exposure response and excess risk. Many investigations of manganese neurological effects in humans have insufficient information to derive an exposure response; however, findings from a chemical manufacturer, two smelter and two welder populations permitted application of the benchmark dose procedure for continuous end-points. Small particles and aggregates of condensation fume (condensing vaporized metal, 1.0μm). Consideration was given to long-term effects of continuous low exposures that instead of producing increasing toxicity attain a steady-state condition. Impairment was defined as excursions beyond the 5th percentile in a normal population and the concentrations of manganese predicted to result in 1% excess prevalence of impairment over different time periods were calculated. Over five years, exposures resulting in 1% excess prevalence of impairment (for purposes of discussion) were in the vicinity of 10μg/m3 for manganese fume and 25μg/m3 for larger particle dusts. These levels are below current recommendations for occupational limits on manganese exposure in the United States.
Effect of Endoscopic Bronchial Ultrasound on Outcomes for Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Hypofractionated Radiotherapy

Abstract Background In this study we sought to determine if staging endoscopic bronchial ultrasound (EBUS) improves outcomes in stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT). Patients and Methods Patients with stage I NSCLC treated with HFRT from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively identified from 3 affiliated institutions. All patients underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography staging and a subset of patients received pretreatment EBUS. Patients with and without pre-radiation therapy EBUS were compared for baseline characteristics. The log rank test was used to compare Kaplan–Meier estimates. Univariate analysis (UVA) and multivariable analysis (MVA) were used to analyze the effect of factors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Ninety-two patients met study criteria. Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 21 months. Two-year DFS and OS were 63% and 81%, respectively. Two-year freedom from local, regional, and distant failure were 93%, 87%, and 87%, respectively. Thirty-seven of 92 patients (40%) received pretreatment EBUS. There were no statistically significant differences in 2-year freedom from regional failure rates, DFS, or OS for EBUS-staged versus non–EBUS-staged patients. On UVA, smaller tumor size (P = .03) and higher performance status (P = .05) were associated with improved OS. On MVA, tumor size retained significance for improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.97; P = .04) and higher performance status showed a trend toward improved OS (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.23-1.11; P = .09). Conclusion In this retrospective series, we did not detect a difference in regional failure or survival outcomes among stage I NSCLC patients who received invasive staging with EBUS before HFRT.
Macrophage-mediated lysine methyltransferase, Setdb2, regulates inflammation in wound healing

Epigenetic regulation of macrophages can alter their function and impact tissue inflammation and wound repair. Unregulated inflammation at the wound level in inflammatory diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Recent work by our group and others has shown that chromatin-modifying enzymes influence inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and other immune cells. Here we show that Setdb2, a histone methyltransferase, is induced in macrophages during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Specifically, Setdb2 repressed expression of NF-κB-induced inflammatory genes, including IL-1B. This coincided with occupancy by Setdb2 at the IL-1B promoter, which in the absence of Setdb2 displayed diminished trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Mice with the inability to upregulate setdb2 in their macrophages (Setdb2 f/f Lyz2 cre+ ) demonstrated impaired healing during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. This corresponded with decreased H3K9me3 at the promoter of IL-1B and other inflammatory genes in macrophages isolated from the wounds of these animals. Further, LPS was able to upregulate setdb2 expression in BMDM and hence TLR4 signaling may play a role in regulation of inflammation in wound tissue. This suggests that a Setdb2-mediated alteration of NF-κB pathways represents an important mechanism for successful wound healing.
Role of Ca2+ and protein kinase C in cholinergic, and alpha1-adrenergic agonists and EGF stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in lacrimal gland.

The MAP kinase pathway plays a key regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions including cell growth and differentiation, and gene expression.1,2 This pathway is characterized by a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases known as mitogen-activated protein kinases or MAPKs. Activation of MAPK is mediated by several mechanisms including the stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), such as muscarinic and angiotensin II receptors, or the activation of growth factor receptors via a protein-tyrosine kinase pathway.3,4 Protein kinase C (PKC), induced by phorbol ester tumor promoters, can activate the MAPK pathway in a Ras-independent manner.5 In addition, Ca2+ and cAMP-dependent pathways intersect with the MAPK signaling pathway, either stimulating or inhibiting it in different types of cells.6 Mechanisms of transactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in an EGF-independent manner, can mediate GPCR activation of MAPK.7
The Estimation of Incomes and Expenditures in British Towns

The absence of Census or other government data on the income of the population of British towns has resulted in a continuing search for proxy variables that are correlated with income. This paper suggests a method for estimating both incomes and expenditures for towns, based entirely on published government data. While the proposed method is rather simple and crude, it should be of value in marketing, economic, and social research applications where rapid, economical estimates of incomes and expenditures are required.
Comparison of microstructures for plane shock-loaded and impact crater-related nickel: the microtwin-microband transition

Plane-wave shock-loaded Ni exhibits {111} microtwins which increase in frequency with increasing peak shock pressure above a critical twinning pressure of ∼30 GPa. In contrast, microbands coincident with traces of {111} are produced below impact craters in Ni targets by stainless steel projectiles at velocities up to 3.5 km/s. The microband widths are ten times the 0.02 μm twin widths and are characterized by misorientations of roughly 2°. Both shock-loaded and impacted Ni have similar dislocation cell structures which decrease in cell size with increasing pressure or equivalent stress. The exclusive formation of microbands in connection with impact craters in Ni is expected on the basis of its high SFE (∼130 mJ/m2), and a simple dislocation model is developed for the microtwin-microband transition based on graphical summaries which include shock (stress) geometry and SFE effects in FCC metals and alloys.
Immunologic studies of human coagulation factor XI and its complex with high molecular weight kininogen

Coagulation factor XI was purified from human plasma using ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on high molecular weight kininogen-Sepharose. A monospecific precipitating antiserum was prepared and used to study factor XI antigen. Factor XI did not migrate during electrophoresis at pH 8.3. High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), an alpha globulin, reversibly associates with factor XI. Complex formation between HMWK and factor XI was observed under conditions of crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. Using Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis, it was shown that the isolated alkylated light chain of kinin-free HMWK formed a complex with factor XI. In contrast to previous studies of prekallikrein, titrations of factor XI with increasing amounts of HMWK did not give a simple titration curve, suggesting that factor XI dissociates from the complex during electrophoresis. Prekallikrein and factor XI were shown to compete for the same HMWK molecules under the conditions of immunoelectrophoresis, and prekallikrein appeared to have a higher affinity for binding to HMWK than factor XI. Quantitative determinations of factor XI antigen in plasma by rocket immunoelectrophoresis were made. The average amount of factor XI measured in plasma samples from 20 normal individuals was 4.5 micrograms/ml (range 3–6). No factor XI antigen was detected in plasma from a patient deficient in factor XI. Normal factor XI antigen levels were detected in 3 different HMWK-deficient plasmas only if the plasmas were reconstituted with purified HMWK (2 U/ml). Addition of HMWK to normal plasma resulted in an increase of the factor XI antigen rocket. At HMWK levels of 2 U/ml, no further increase of the factor XI antigen rocket was observed. Therefore, accurate measurement of factor XI antigen by rocket immunoelectrophoresis is possible only if an excess of HMWK is present.
A Strengths-Based Social Psychological Approach to Resiliency: Cultural Diversity, Ecological, and Life Span Issues

This chapter highlights a strengths-based social psychological approach to resiliency to further clarify critical cultural diversity, ecological and life span development considerations. The chapter is organized around four major sections with particular emphasis on the importance of resiliency research on marginalized racial–ethnic populations. First, the chapter focuses on the complexity of the resiliency concept and related research perspectives on psychopathology, vulnerability, risk, protection, and strengths. Second, an integrative role strain and adaptation approach to resiliency is outlined including major theoretical propositions, assessment issues, and implications for preventive intervention. Third, we emphasize the importance of understanding the socio-cultural context of resiliency including diversity, multilevel, and life span issues. Finally, a reciprocal translation model is presented to promote the importance of bridging strengths-based resiliency scholarship with policy-relevant intervention research and assessment systems. Reciprocal translation can help to better understand and prevent complex resiliency challenges among marginalized racial–ethnic populations faced with intergenerational poverty, environmental threats, and chronic adversity in major life roles. In the twenty-first century, such resiliency challenges among marginalized populations are increasingly exacerbated by globalization, immigration, and growing economic disparities within diversifying nations, communities, and organizations.
Case Representation, Acquisition, and Retrieval in SIROCCO

As part of our investigation of how abstract principles are operationalized to facilitate their application to specific fact situations, we have begun to develop and experiment with SIROCCO (System for Intelligent Retrieval of Operationalized Cases and COdes), a CBR retrieval and analysis system applied to the domain of engineering ethics. SIROCCO is intended to retrieve decided engineering ethics cases and previously applied ethics codes to assist engineers and students in analyzing new cases. Here we describe a limited but expressive language designed to represent a wide range of ethics cases in SIROCCO, a world-wide web tool developed to perform case acquisition and support a measure of consistency in representation, and an experiment to validate the initial phase of SIROCCO's retrieval algorithm and test its sensitivity to small variations in case description.
A latent profile analysis of age of onset in pathological skin picking.

Abstract Background Pathological Skin Picking (PSP) may begin at any age, but the most common age of onset is during adolescence. Age of onset is a potentially useful clinical marker to delineate subtypes of psychiatric disorders. The present study sought to examine empirically defined age of onset groups in adults with PSP and assess whether groups differed on clinical characteristics. Method Participants were 701 adult respondents to an internet survey, who endorsed recurrent skin picking with tissue damage and impairment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify subtypes of PSP based on age of onset. Then subgroups were compared on demographic and clinical characteristics. Results The best fitting LPA model was a two-class solution comprised of a large group with average age of onset in adolescence (n = 650; 92.9% of the sample; Mean age of onset = 13.6 years) and a small group with average onset in middle adulthood (n = 50; 7.1% of the sample; Mean age of onset = 42.8 years). Relative to the early onset group, the late onset group reported significantly less focused picking, less skin picking-related impairment, lower rates of co-occurring body-focused repetitive behaviors, and trends towards reduced family history of PSP. Individuals in the late onset group also reported increased rates of comorbid depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, and were more likely to report that initial picking onset seemed related to or followed depression/anxiety and physical illness. Conclusion Findings suggest the presence of two distinct PSP age of onset groups: (1) an early onset group with average onset in adolescence, clinical characteristics suggestive of greater picking-related burden and familiality, and a profile more representative of the general PSP population; and (2) a late onset group with average onset in middle adulthood, increased co-occurring affective and trauma conditions, and initial onset associated with or following other mental health and physical problems. Future replication is needed to assess the validity and clinical utility of these subgroups.
Amino acid isotope discrimination factors for a carnivore: physiological insights from leopard sharks and their diet

Stable isotopes are important ecological tools, because the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of consumer tissue reflects the diet. Measurements of isotopes of individual amino acids can disentangle the effects of consumer physiology from spatiotemporal variation in dietary isotopic values. However, this approach requires knowledge of assimilation patterns of dietary amino acids. We reared leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) on diets of squid (Loligo opalescens; 1250 days; control sharks) or squid then tilapia (Oreochromis sp.; switched at 565 days; experimental sharks) to evaluate consumer-diet discrimination factors for amino acids in muscle tissue. We found that control sharks exhibited lower nitrogen isotope discrimination factors (∆15N) than most previous consumer studies, potentially because of urea recycling. Control sharks also had large carbon isotope discrimination factors (∆13C) for three essential amino acids, suggesting microbial contributions or fractionation upon assimilation. Compared to controls, experimental sharks exhibited higher ∆13C values for four amino acids and ∆15N values for seven amino acids, corresponding with differences between diets in δ13C and δ15N values. This suggests that not all amino acids in experimental sharks had reached steady state, contrary to the conclusion of a bulk isotope study of these sharks. Our results imply that (1) the magnitude of a shift in dietary δ13C and δ15N values temporarily influences the appearance of discrimination factors; (2) slow turnover of amino acid isotopes in elasmobranch muscle precludes inferences about seasonal dietary changes; (3) elasmobranch discrimination factors for amino acids may be affected by urea recycling and microbial contributions of amino acids.
Invasive Mold Infections After Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T-Cell Therapy: A Case Series, Review of the Literature, and Implications for Prophylaxis

Data on invasive mold infections (IMIs) after chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T-cell) therapy are limited. We describe 2 patients with post-CAR-T-cell IMI (Fusarium, Mucorales) and review the published literature. We propose strategies to prevent IMIs in patients, based on the IMI rate and presence of neutropenia or steroid use.
Body mass index trends and quality of life from breast cancer diagnosis through seven years' survivorship.

Body mass index trends and quality of life from breast cancer diagnosis through seven years’ survivorship
Evaluation of a pragmatic trial of a collaborative school-based obesity prevention intervention in a low-income urban district

Abstract Broader adoption of effective school-based obesity prevention interventions is critical to the success of ongoing efforts to address the childhood obesity epidemic. School-level barriers to adopting evidence-based interventions may be overcome by empowering school-level leaders to select appropriate intervention components. We used a quasi-experimental pragmatic trial design to evaluate a tailored obesity prevention intervention in 9 schools in a mid-sized urban school district in upstate New York from fall 2013 to spring 2016. We analyzed repeated height and weight measurements from an existing district screening system on 5882 students from intervention and control schools matched using propensity score methods. We assessed diet and physical activity changes in intervention schools using surveys and direct observation. The intervention led to a change of −0.27 (p = 0.026, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): −0.51, −0.03) and −0.28 (p = 0.031, 95% CI: −0.54, −0.03) BMI units in spring 2014 and fall 2014, respectively. There were no significant differences between intervention and control from spring 2015 to spring 2016. Despite the lack of sustained effects on BMI, we demonstrated the potential of supporting school leaders in a low-income district to implement supportive policy and practice changes and of using an existing BMI screening system to reduce the burden of health promotion evaluation.
Predicting Second-Grade Students’ Yearly Standardized Reading Achievement Using a Computer-Adaptive Assessment

AbstractThe present study investigated the predictability of a computer-adaptive, curriculum-based reading assessment for measuring second-grade students’ overall and comprehension reading achievem...
Effectiveness of mainstream diets

Abstract Individuals utilize diets as a way to lose weight. Since not all diets work the same nor do all people have the same metabolism some approaches may be more deleterious than beneficial. For dietitians the dieters alike, an understanding of the options that exist in addition to what they entail is advantageous for all. However, not all diets are feasible for all individuals, either for financial reasons or due to co-morbidities. Diets can generally be categorized into five groups: carbohydrate-limiting, Caveman-Like, miscellaneous, commercialized, and lifestyle modification. This review explores how diets grouped into the aforementioned categories work, some clinically supported evidence indicating pros and cons, and finally a discussion on how the Mediterranean and DASH Diets seem to show the most promise in terms of weight loss.
Peak Sagittal Plane Spine Kinematics in Female Gymnasts With and Without a History of Low Back Pain

Abstract Background Female gymnasts have a greater prevalence of back pain compared to other female athletes. There is little evidence that female artistic gymnasts with and without back pain demonstrate different movement patterns during gymnastics skills. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in back movements during back walkovers and back handsprings among female artistic gymnasts. Methods Female artistic gymnasts (8–18 years old) with and without back pain wore inertial sensors on their torso, arms, and legs while performing back walkovers (N = 14) and back handsprings (N = 15) on the floor and balance beam at their training gymnastics facilities. Findings Gymnasts with back pain had similar spine peak extension, peak flexion, and range of motion during back walkovers and back handsprings compared to gymnasts without back pain. Additionally, no differences in sagittal plane spine kinematics were found between the groups at any specific time point during either the back walkover or back handspring skills. However, a large portion of the data collected was excluded during quality assurance, thus our final sample sizes are small. Interpretation These findings suggest that gymnasts with back pain have similar sagittal plane movements to those without back pain. The relationship between back pain and gymnastics training load/intensity is currently unclear. We suggest future studies to investigate common artistic gymnastics skills and back pain prevalence with more participants, full-body motion analysis with kinetic measurement capabilities, and longitudinally for those demonstrating back pain.
ISOKINETIC PERFORMANCE AND LIMB ASYMMETRY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ADOLESCENT MALES AND FEMALES FOLLOWING QUADRICEPS TENDON – PATELLAR BONE AUTOGRAFT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION:

Background:Accurate measurement of limb strength asymmetry differences between sexes may be important to consider when determining readiness to return to sport among adolescents following ACL recon...
Cation Selectivity in Capacitive Deionization: Elucidating the Role of Pore Size, Electrode Potential, and Ion Dehydration

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising water desalination technology that is applicable to the treatment of low-salinity brackish waters and the selective removal of ionic contaminants. In th...
African-American Males in Prison: Are they Doing Time or is the Time Doing Them?

Les Afro-americains representent un pourcentage disproportionne d'individus emprisonnes dans les institutions correctionnelles d'Etat aux Etats-Unis. L'obectif de l'A. est de decrire comment l'incarceration affecte les hommes Afro-americains. Il recommende une analyse plus systematique et rigoureuse de l'experience carcerale, de la maniere dont elle affecte le bien-etre mental, physique et social des hommes Afro-americains. Il rappelle que si la societe a choisi l'emprisonnement comme principal outil de sanction, il est de son devoir de se tenir informee des effets psychologiques, sociaux et economiques de la reclusion sur un million de noirs americains.
Understanding How Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Shape Mask-Wearing Adherence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the COVID Impact Survey.

Mask wearing has been shown to be an effective strategy for slowing the spread of COVID-19. While early studies have uncovered some evidence of racial and ethnic differences in mask-wearing behavior, critical gaps remain. We begin to address these gaps by (1) more comprehensively investigating the role of race and ethnicity on mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) examining whether gender intersects with race and ethnicity to differently influence mask-wearing patterns. Data were drawn from the COVID-19 Impact Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of adults living in the U.S. Data were pooled from three time points that ranged from late April 2020 to early June 2020. The final analytic sample consisted of 4688 non-institutionalized adults living in the U.S. A series of logistic regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate differences in mask-wearing patterns. Compared with White respondents, results revealed Black, Latina/o, and Asian respondents were more likely to report wearing a mask in response to the coronavirus. Moreover, results show White men were least likely to wear a mask from late April 2020 to early June 2020. Overall, findings demonstrate mask-wearing patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic are differently shaped by racial and ethnic background and gender. Findings from this study can inform targeted strategies designed to increase mask-wearing adherence among U.S. adults.