cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The combined administration of daniplestim and Mpl ligand augments the hematopoietic reconstitution observed with single cytokine administration in a nonhuman primate model of myelosuppression.

This study evaluated the ability of daniplestim, a high affinity interleukin 3 receptor agonist, to enhance the hematopoietic response of Mpl ligand (Mpl-L) administration in nonhuman primates following severe, radiation-induced myelosuppression. Rhesus monkeys were total body x-irradiated (TBI) to 600 cGy, midline tissue dose. Beginning on day 1 post-TBI, animals were s.c. administered daniplestim (100 microg/kg bid; n = 4), Mpl-L (10 microg/kg qd; n = 3), daniplestim (100 microg/kg bid) plus Mpl-L (10 microg/kg qd) (n = 4) or 0.1% autologous serum (AS) (n = 11) for 18 days. CBCs were monitored for 60 d after TBI. The duration of thrombocytopenia (platelet count; PLT <20,000/microl) was significantly decreased by the administration of daniplestim (6.5 d, p = .01), Mpl-L (3.0 d, p = .003) and the coadministered daniplestim/Mpl-L (1.3 d, p = .001) compared to controls (10.4 d). As monotherapy Mpl-L but not daniplestim significantly improved the PLT nadir (21,000/microl, p = .023 and 5,000/microl, p = .266, respectively) compared to the control (3,000/microl). The combined administration of daniplestim and Mpl-L significantly improved the PLT nadir (28,000/microl, p = .007) compared to both the control cohort (3,000/microl) and the daniplestim only cohort (5,000/microl, p = .043). Recovery of PLT to preirradiation values occurred earlier in the daniplestim only (d 21) or the daniplestim/Mpl-L cohorts (d 18) than in the Mpl-L only or control cohorts (d 28, d 29, respectively). The administration of daniplestim or Mpl-L alone neither shortened the duration of neutropenia (ANC<500/microl) compared to the controls (15.8 d, 16.0 d versus 16.2 d, respectively), nor improved the recovery time of neutrophils to baseline values (d 22, d 25, and d 23, respectively). The ANC nadir was significantly improved by daniplestim alone but not Mpl-L administration (76/microl, p = .001 and 50/microl, p = .093, respectively) compared to the controls (8/microl). Coadministration of daniplestim and Mpl-L significantly improved the ANC nadir (196/microl, p = .001) compared to either the AS- or the monotherapy-treated cohorts. Also the duration of neutropenia observed in the AS-controls (16.2 d) was significantly reduced in the daniplestim/Mpl-L cohort (10.8 d, p = .002). The combined administration of daniplestim and Mpl-L significantly improved hematopoietic recovery and further enhanced the stimulatory effect of cytokine monotherapy, as well as reducing clinical support requirements after radiation-induced bone marrow myelosuppression.
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS ALTER THE CONFORMATION OF INTERFERON-GAMMA

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine whose physiological roles are modulated by the extracellular matrix. Here, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques are used to demonstrate that low molecular weight heparin and chondroitin sulfate cause significant changes in secondary and tertiary structure of IFN-gamma. The results suggest that heparin and chondroitin sulfate modulate IFN-gamma activity by causing structural changes in the IFN-gamma dimer.
An algorithm to determine the feasibilities and weights of two-layer perceptrons for partitioning and classification

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for implementing classification problems by two-layer perceptrons have been presented in the viewpoints of mathematics and geometry. [Zwietering, Arts and Wessels, Int. J. Neural Systems 3 (2), 143–156 (1992)]. This paper, in an engineering viewpoint, provides an algorithm, called the Weight Deletion/Selection Algorithm, to examine the feasibility of implementation of a decision region by two-layer perceptrons, and to select the weights of the second layer in a two-layer perceptron without any training process if a decision region is implementable for two-layer perceptrons. For the purpose of visualization, we explain the algorithm by the examples of two-input-two-class cases, and then discuss the generalization to multi-input-multi-class cases. Finally we present a three-class classification example with four features selected as the inputs.
Treatment of chronic low back pain incorporating active patient participation and chiropractic: a retrospective case report

Objective To present a retrospective case report about a patient who suffered from chronic lower back pain for sixteen years, finding little relief from numerous medical and traditional chiropractic interventions, until active patient participation was incorporated in the chiropractic treatment process.
A Method for Locating Scalp Electrodes in Spherical Coordinates

Volume conduction models of the human head have often been utilized in relating scalp potential measurements to the locus of the underlying neural sources. However, the determination of the source loci depends on the accurate location of electrodes in a geometry suited to the form of the modeling equations. This paper describes a method for fabricating a Plexiglas helmet that reproducibly locates a large number of electrodes. The electrodes are laid out according to a "latitude and longitude" spherical angular system which is defined by the geometry of the individual subject's head. This coordinate system is appropriate for localization techniques which model the head as a spherically symmetric volume conductor. Helmets for eight subjects were measured to show that the deviations from sphericity over the back of the head are small, on the order of ±3 percent. The merits of this approach are discussed in comparison to an ellipsoidal model suggested by Schneider (1972).
Place preference for the psychostimulant cathinone is blocked by pretreatment with a dopamine release inhibitor

1. The objective of Exp. 1 was to determine whether intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of cathinone CATH (8.0-32 micrograms) would produce a dose-dependent conditioned place preference (CPP) and/or activation in rats. Results indicate that rats conditioned with 16 or 32 micrograms doses of CATH significantly increased the time spent in their less preferred side, whereas rats conditioned with the 8.0 micrograms dose failed to show any shift from baseline preference. The 16 and 32 micrograms doses of CATH also significantly (p < .004) increased activity by more than 65% of baseline. 2. Exp. 2 was designed to determine whether ICV pretreatment with a dopamine release inhibitor CGS 10746B (CGS; 15 micrograms/rat) would block place conditioning produced by CATH. The results demonstrate that CGS pretreatment effectively blocked CATH-induced place conditioning and the CATH-induced elevation of activity.
NodeWiz: peer-to-peer resource discovery for grids

Efficient resource discovery based on dynamic attributes such as CPU utilization and available bandwidth is a crucial problem in the deployment of computing grids. Existing solutions are either centralized or unable to answer advanced resource queries (e.g., range queries) efficiently. We present the design of NodeWiz, a grid information service (CIS) that allows multi-attribute range queries to be performed efficiently in a distributed manner. This is obtained by aggregating the directory services of individual organizations in a peer-to-peer information service.
A discussion of efficient methods for including thin material sheets in the FDTD technique

Two approaches (which were applied to a parallel plate waveguide) for including thin material sheets in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique are compared. The first approach by J.G. Maloney and G.S. Smith (see IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.AP-40, no.3, 1992) uses a special FDTD cell to handle the sheet. Throughout the cell the component of the electric field tangential to the sheet is assumed to be constant. However, the component of the electric field normal to the sheet assumes different constant values in the sheet and in the space adjacent to the sheet. The discontinuity of the normal component of the electric field at the surface of the sheet allows for the presence of surface charge. In the second approach by P.A. Tirkas and K.R. Demarest (see IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.AP-39, no.9, p.1338, 1991) the component of the electric field tangential to the sheet is also assumed to be constant, but the component of the electric displacement normal to the sheet is assumed to vary linearly across the cell. This makes the normal component of the electric field jump by the ratio of the dielectric constants at the surface of the sheet. There are some subtle differences in the two approaches; these may make one prefer one of the approaches over the other for a particular application. >
A fuzzy-rule-based image enhancement method for medical applications

Using fuzzy set theory, we develop a fuzzy rule-based system to perform some of the most common tasks of image enhancement: removing impulsive noise; smoothing nonimpulsive noise; and enhancing edges. Three different filters for each task and the selection criteria based on local information are derived. The selection criteria constitute the antecedent clauses of the fuzzy rules, and the corresponding filters constitute the consequent clauses of the fuzzy rules. The overall result of the fuzzy rule-based system is computed as the combination of the results of the individual filters, where each result contributes to the degree that the corresponding antecedent clause is satisfied. This approach gives us a powerful and flexible image enhancement paradigm. We present results on several types of images such as retinal and chromosome images. >
Monocytic Fibroblast Precursors Mediate Fibrosis in Angiotensin-II-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy

Abstract Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) is an autacoid generated as part of the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. In addition to its role in cardiac and smooth muscle contraction and salt retention, it was shown to play a major role in the cardiac interstitial inflammatory response and fibrosis accompanying cardiac failure. In this study, we examined a model of Ang-II infusion to clarify the early cellular mechanisms linking interstitial fibrosis with the onset of the tissue inflammatory response. Continuous infusion of Ang-II resulted in increased deposition of collagen in the heart. Ang-II infusion also resulted in the appearance of distinctive small, spindle-shaped, bone marrow-derived CD34+/CD45+ fibroblasts that expressed collagen type I and the cardiac fibroblast marker DDR2 while structural fibroblasts were CD34−/CD45−. Genetic deletion of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (MCP-1-KO mice) prevented the Ang-II-induced cardiac fibrosis and the appearance of CD34+/CD45+ fibroblasts. Real-time PCR in Ang-II-treated hearts revealed a striking induction of types I and III collagen, TGF-β1, and TNF mRNA expression; this was obviated in Ang-II-infused MCP-1-KO hearts. In both wild-type and MCP-1-KO mice, Ang-II infusion resulted in cardiac hypertrophy, increased systolic function and hypertension which were not significantly different between the WT and MCP-1-KO mice over the 6-week course of infusion. In conclusion, the development of Ang-II-induced non-adaptive fibrosis in the heart required induction of MCP-1, which modulated the uptake and differentiation of a CD34+/CD45+ fibroblast precursor population. In contrast to the inflammatory and fibrotic response, the hemodynamic response to Ang-II was not affected by MCP-1 in the first 6 weeks.
InxGa1–xAs Nanowire Growth on Graphene: van der Waals Epitaxy Induced Phase Segregation

The growth of high-density arrays of vertically oriented, single crystalline InAs NWs on graphene surfaces are realized through the van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy mechanism by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). However, the growth of InGaAs NWs on graphene results in spontaneous phase separation starting from the beginning of growth, yielding a well- defined InAs−InxGa1−xAs (0.2 < x < 1) core−shell structure. The core−shell structure then terminates abruptly after about 2 μ mi n height, and axial growth of uniform composition InxGa1−xAs takes place without a change in the NW diameter. The InxGa1−xAs shell composition changes as a function of indium flow, but the core and shell thicknesses and the onset of nonsegregated InxGa1−xAs axial segment are independent of indium composition. In contrast, no InGaAs phase segregation has been observed when growing on MoS2, another two-dimensional (2D) layered material, or via the Au-assisted vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) mechanism on graphene. This spontaneous phase segregation phenomenon is elucidated as a special case of van der Waals epitaxy on 2D sheets. Considering the near lattice matched registry between InAs and graphene, InGaAs is forced to self-organize into InAs core and InGaAs shell segments since the lack of dangling bonds on graphene does not allow strain sharing through elastic deformation between InGaAs and graphene.
Persistent Long-Term Facilitation at an Identified Synapse Becomes Labile with Activation of Short-Term Heterosynaptic Plasticity

Short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity are cellular correlates of learning and memory of different durations. Little is known, however, how these two forms of plasticity interact at the same synaptic connection. We examined the reciprocal impact of short-term heterosynaptic or homosynaptic plasticity at sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia in cell culture when expressing persistent long-term facilitation (P-LTF) evoked by serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]. Short-term heterosynaptic plasticity induced by 5-HT (facilitation) or the neuropeptide FMRFa (depression) and short-term homosynaptic plasticity induced by tetanus [post-tetanic potentiation (PTP)] or low-frequency stimulation [homosynaptic depression (HSD)] of the sensory neuron were expressed in both control synapses and synapses expressing P-LTF in the absence or presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. All forms of short-term plasticity failed to significantly affect ongoing P-LTF in the absence of protein synthesis inhibitors. However, P-LTF reversed to control levels when either 5-HT or FMRFa was applied in the presence of rapamycin. In contrast, P-LTF was unaffected when either PTP or HSD was evoked in the presence of either rapamycin or anisomycin. These results indicate that synapses expressing persistent plasticity acquire a “new” baseline and functionally express short-term changes as naive synapses, but the new baseline becomes labile following selective activations—heterosynaptic stimuli that evoke opposite forms of plasticity—such that when presented in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors produce a rapid reversal of the persistent plasticity. Activity-selective induction of a labile state at synapses expressing persistent plasticity may facilitate the development of therapies for reversing inappropriate memories.
Teaching NeuroImages: Drug-induced parkinsonism with asymmetrical putaminal DaT binding.

A 64-year-old patient developed shuffling gait and postural instability over 8 months, in parallel to risperidone intake. Examination showed symmetric parkinsonian syndrome and mild left hemiparesis with spasticity, related to right middle cerebral artery stroke 10 years before. Within 1 month of risperdone withdrawal, parkinsonism disappeared, confirming drug-induced etiology. While degenerative parkinsonism is associated with reduction in striatal dopamine transporters binding in absence of structural lesions to basal ganglia, binding in drug-induced parkinsonism is normal.1 In our case, SPECT anomaly was incidental, related to the ischemic sequela (figure).2 This case highlights the importance of brain structural integrity for SPECT interpretation.
Regulation of Penicillinase Synthesis: a Mutation in Staphylococcus aureus Unlinked to the Penicillinase Plasmid That Reduces Penicillinase Inducibility

A mutant of Staphylococcus aureus strain 655 was isolated that is restricted in penicillinase induction. Wild-type plasmids that bear penicillinase determinants could not be fully induced in this mutant, 655par-1; hence, the responsible mutation is not located on the plasmid. Mutant plasmid PI(258)penI443, which produces penicillinase constitutively in wild-type cells, was fully constitutive for penicillinase production when it was harbored by mutant 655par-1. Therefore, the bacterial mutation does not interfere directly with the transcription of the penZ gene or translation of the penicillinase messenger ribonucleic acid. Mutant plasmid PII(147)penI220 was fully inducible in the mutant bacterium, even though the wild-type plasmid PII(147) was only partially inducible in the par-1 mutant. Thus, in the presence of inducer, complementation appears to occur between the product of the par-1 gene and the product of the penI220 gene. These results suggest that the par-1 gene codes for a penicillinase antire-pressor.
Negative Differential Resistance in a Double-Constriction Quantum Wire Structure

In recent years, with continuing advances in submicron lithographic techniques, there has been an increasing interest in the development of electronic devices with quantum confinement of electronic states in two and all three spatial dimensions, usually referred to as quantum wires and quantum boxes or dots, respectively (Reed and Kirk, 1989). Two-dimensional quantum confinement can be achieved in a short split-gate field-effect transistor as demonstrated in recent experiments (Van Wees et al., 1988; Wharam et al., 1988). There, the split gate is used to pinch off the conduction channel of a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas. At low temperature, the conductance exhibited plateaus as a function of gate voltage associated with the change in the number of occupied subbands in the uniform quantum wire constriction. Conductance calculations using mode-matching techniques correlate to these experimental results (Szafer and Stone, 1989; Weisshaar et al., 1989).
Automatic Elicitation of Network Service Specification

A lot of research has been done into automatically eliciting service specifications of a system, whose specification is unknown, by analyzing output signals corresponding to input signals. This paper proposes algorithms for automatically eliciting state transition diagrams based on an enhanced state transition model from a set of rules that represent condition of each state transition.
Language Learner Strategies: Thirty Years of Research and Practice edited by COHEN, ANDREW D., & ERNESTO MACARO

The article reviews the book "Language Learner Strategies: Thirty Years of Research and Practice," edited by Andrew D. Cohen and Ernesto Macaro.
Primary lymphosarcoma of the stomach.

Summary We have presented 34 new cases of lymphosarcoma of the stomach along with a clinical and pathological correlation. The clinical findings, roentgenograms and gastroscopy do not give sufficient evidence to make a definite diagnosis of lymphosarcoma of the stomach. Exploratory laparotomy and biopsy are definitely indicated. A total of 474 cases of lymphosarcoma of the stomach have been reported including our cases. Of this group 50 survived for more than five years, giving a 10.5 percentage five-year survival. Surgery alone was the treatment in 25 (5a%) of the surviving patients; irradiation alone was the treatment in 13 patients; and a combination of irradiation and surgery was the treatment in 12 of the surviving patients. The treatment of choice would appear to be surgery alone unless lymph nodes are microscopically involved and then postoperative irradiation should be instituted. Certainly some cases of lymphosarcoma of the stomach represent a solitary lesion which can be cured if adequately removed. Lymph node involvement reduces the chances of cure, but does not preclude the possibility of a five-year survival.
AFLP Markers for Mapping and Characterization of a New Hessian Fly Resistance Gene

Several newly identified genes for resistance to Biotype L of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), are being combined into a single line of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) to test whether gene pyramiding increases the durability of resistance in the field. Durum wheat lines (Triticum turgidum L.) served as resistant donors during the construction of five common wheat lines (HF1-HF5). Because lines HF1-HF5 are phenotypically identical with respect to Biotype L resistance, molecular markers are needed to ensure that multiple genes for resistance have been combined into one line. Hessian fly screens of progeny from backcross populations between HF1-HF5 and ‘Cardinal’ suggest that resistance in each line is conferred by a single gene. This test also gave an indication of the relative strength in heterozygotes of the 5 new genes. The gene in line HF4 showed the strongest resistance response followed by the gene in HF5, while the gene in line HF1 was the weakest. Diallel crosses were constructed between pairs of lines to determine that the 5 new genes reside at independent loci. A set of crosses was made between the resistant line HF4 and the susceptible line ‘Ning 7840’ in order to identify and map molecular markers for the resistance gene in HF4. Sixty-four Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) primer pairs were used for bulk segregant analysis of the HF4/Ning F2 population to identify 1 AFLP marker linked to the HF4 resistance allele and 2 AFLP markers linked to the allele for susceptibility.
Thermodynamics of Shrinkage of Fibrous (Racked) Rubber

Abstract Highly oriented natural rubber samples of Roberts and Mandelkern, prepared by racking and subsequently crosslinked using γ-radiation, undergo a spontaneous shrinkage upon melting which closely resembles the shrinkage of collagen. If the transformation is arrested by application of a tensile force, a state of equilibrium may be established between two distinct zones, or phases, one being totally amorphous (shrunken) and the other unchanged (i.e., racked). Determination of the stress τeq required for phase equilibrium at various temperatures is described. Extrapolation to τeq=0 gives equilibrium melting temperatures Tmi, which are about 8° below the temperatures Tsi for spontaneous shrinkage. The heat of transformation of racked to amorphous rubber calculated from the dependence of τeq on T is 4.5 cal g−1. Since the degree of crystallinity is only 0.24, the heat of fusion calculated for 1 g of crystalline rubber is ca. 19 cal, which agrees satisfactorily with the value 15.3 cal, deduced by Roberts ...
Growth morphology of Ag islands on GaAs (110) at low coverage: Monte Carlo simulations

The growth morphology of Ag on GaAs (110) surface, at low coverage, is investigated with Monte Carlo simulations using a solid-on-solid model. Experimentally Ag deposited at room temperature forms isotropie islands and forms islands elongated along the direction when deposited at 250°C. The preliminary results from our Monte Carlo simulations indicate that anisotropy in the surface migration and near-neighbor interactions are the main factors for the elongated islands observed for depositions performed at 250°C.
A silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter with integrated electronics for the International Linear Collider

We present an update of the development of an electromagnetic calorimeter for the Silicon Detector concept for a future linear electron-positron collider. After reviewing the design criteria and related simulation studies, we discuss progress in the research and development of the detector. This concept has from the outset made the case for highly integrated electronic readout with small (1 mm) readout gaps in order to maintain a small Moliere radius for electromagnetic showers and to avoid active heat removal. We now have fully functioning 1024-channel readout chips which have been successfully bonded to 15 cm silicon sensors. We present initial results from these assemblies.
Assessing Operator Workload and Performance in Expeditionary Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Control

A future concept of operations for co ntrolling unmanned vehicles has a single, forwarddeployed soldier supervising multiple, heterogeneous unmanned vehicles. This operator would collaborate with an automated planner that presents the operator with a choice of potential plans for how the unmanned vehicles could efficiently search the dynamic environment for new targets, track identified targets, and destroy hostile targets. A key step towards this future concept is to determine how often the automated planner should provide the operator with potential plans without causing a detrimentally high workload for the operator, which could have negative performance consequences. This research describes the development of the Onboard Planning System for Unmanned Vehicles Supporting Expeditionary Reconnaissance and Surveillance (OPS-USERS) testbed and an experiment to measure operator workload and performance in a set of scenarios with different replanning intervals. The results show that the replan interval has a significant effect on workload and performance with significantly lower performance at the lowest replan interval . Replanning too frequently in a human-on-the-loop collaboration can cause higher levels of workload and lower performance. Further research is required to determine the impact o f low workload in a highly autonomous system on overall performance. Also, operator strategy and trust in automation with the OPS-USERS system deserves further research.
Experimental Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Diptera

considered the rough feed of some range animals to be a factor in producing these sites of entry. Scratches on the teats of cattle were observed by Cotton2 to be important in cases of the spread of the virus by the hands of milkers. On the basis of the difficulty of transmission, Cotton concluded that foot and mouth disease which spreads rapidly by contact was "on the opposite end of the scale" from vesicular stomatitis. Although the virus was often transmitted with difficulty in the laboratory, French3 observed that it could traverse great distances in wooded country and overcome a lack of communication between herds. The occurrence of the disease on isolated farms was well documented in the New Jersey outbreak of 1927 by Cotton2 and in the 1942 epizootic in Colorado4. In regard to the latter, Heiny4 wrote "The virus appears to be disseminated by means other than direct contact with affected animals, as it appeared in all these outbreaks on widely separated premises and that there had been no known contact of
Porosity and Ring Formation in Conjugated Microporous Polymers

Pyrene-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been shown to exhibit significant microporosity and strong luminescence, but their structures are not well understood due to their insolubility and amorphous nature. Here, a series of pyrene-based CMPs with varying monomer compositions is studied using molecular simulations. The results are in good agreement with available experimental BET surface areas and powder X-ray diffraction data. As the monomer composition is adjusted to increase the degree of cross-linking, greater porosity is formed. Additionally, with high cross-linking degrees, the formation of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-monomer rings are found to be more prevalent. The increase in strained rings within the network structures correlates with shifts in optical spectra due to the increased conjugation. Together with experimental and other computational results, the simulations here enable a better understanding of the structure–property relationships in pyrene-based CMPs.
Feline hepatic lipidosis

Hepatic lipidosis occurs when lipid mobilized to the liver exceeds lipid leaving the liver via formation of very-low-density lipoproteins or by oxidation. Hepatic lipidosis in cats is associated with overt liver dysfunction. In affected cats, excess lipid is mobilized to the liver because of starvation. Removal of hepatic lipid may be impaired because of protein malnutrition, a relative carnitine deficiency, or oxidative damage to peroxisomes and other hepatic organelles. Hepatic lipidosis occurs in adult cats, and is manifest by signs of weight loss, depression, vomiting, and icterus. Diagnosis is achieved by evaluating laboratory and diagnostic imaging data, in conjunction with a liver biopsy. Aggressive tube feeding is the treatment of choice. With this treatment, survival rates are 60% to 80%.
Reaction of Normal Human Lymphocytes and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells With an Antithymocyte Antiserum

An antiserum against human fetal thymus was prepared in rabbits and absorbed with liver cells from the thymus donor and lymphocytes from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The antiserum reacted with 80%-95% of the peripheral small lymphocytes from 12 normal controls but with only 1%-11% of cells from 12 patients with CLL. The antithymocyte antiserum demonstrates a cell surface antigen present on the majority of normal human lymphocytes, but absent from the neoplastic CLL cell. This finding is consistent with the view that the CLL lymphocyte is devoid of T-cell antigen and with other evidence that this lymphocyte closely resembles the B-cell of experimental animals. It appears likely that leukemic cells will prove useful in preparing an antihuman thymocyte antiserum that reacts exclusively with $$Word$$ cells by removing B-cell reactivity.
Initial experience with the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation.

From January 1991 until May 1992, a total of 14 patients (mean age 48 years) underwent the maze procedure for refractory atrial fibrillation (mean duration, 7 years; mean number of antiarrhythmic medications, six). Three patients had had embolic events, one patient had had a cardiac arrest from flecainide, one had pulmonary fibrosis from amiodarone, and six of ten who were employed were temporarily disabled. Two patients underwent successful mitral valve repair in which the maze procedure was added as a secondary goal of the operation. Postoperative fluid retention was a problem in five patients (36 %). Six patients (43 %) were temporarily treated with an antiarrhythmic medication. Two patients (14%) with preoperative sick sinus syndrome required pacemakers. One patient was discharged from the hospital but died suddenly less than 1 month after the operation (7% operative mortality) of hyperkalemia caused by acute renal failure. All patients beyond 3 postoperative months (100% “cure”) are receiving no antiarrhythmic medications, have sinus rhythm, or have p-wave tracking with ventricular pacing. Atrial contraction has been documented by cinegraphic magnetic resonance imaging studies and by Doppler echocardiography performed when sinus rhythm had resumed. The maze procedure is an extensive operation but is indicated for selected patients who have the severe sequelae of atrial fibrillation. (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1993;105:1077-87)
Engineering chemically exfoliated dispersions of two-dimensional graphite and molybdenum disulphide for ink-jet printing.

Stable ink dispersions of two-dimensional-layered-materials (2DLMs) MoS2 and graphite are successfully obtained in organic solvents exhibiting a wide range of polarities and surface energies. The role of sonication time, ink viscosity and surface tension is explored in the context of dispersion stability using these solvents, which include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF), Cyclohexanone (C), as well as less-toxic and more environmentally friendly Isopropanol (IPA) and Terpineol (T). The ink viscosity is engineered through the addition of Ethyl-Cellulose (EC) which has been shown to optimize the jettability of the dispersions. In contrast to prior work, the addition of EC after sonication—instead of prior to it—is noted to be effective in generating a high-density dispersion, yielding a uniform film morphology. High-quality inks are obtained using C/T and NMP as solvents for MoS2 and graphite, respectively, as gauged through optical absorption spectroscopy. Electronic transport data on the solution-cast inks is gathered at room temperature. Arrays of 2D graphite-rod based inks are printed on rigid Si, as well as flexible and transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The results clearly show the promise of ink-jet printing for casting 2DLMs into hierarchically assembled structures over a range of substrates for flexible and printed-electronics applications.
Post PCI Angina: Painful in Many Ways!

Key Points Based on a multi-payer claims database, post-PCI angina (or chest pain) was frequent, occurring in 28% of patients at 1-year and 40% at 3 years. Patients with post-PCI angina had more physician and emergency department visits, diagnostic testing, (including repeat cardiac catheterization 29 vs. 4%) and hospitalizations at 1-year leading to markedly higher total direct medical costs. These results should stimulate further research into the etiology of post-PCI angina and strategies to decrease both the frequency and the significant economic burden associated with the challenging problem.
Making debate more inclusive for the student-veteran debater

ABSTRACTThe debate about debate's inclusiveness has been prominent in scholarship and debate rounds as well for many years. Yet one significant group has not been included in those discussions: military veterans who return to school after serving their country. I argue that we should welcome student-veterans into debate and propose several strategies for doing just that. Student-veterans have unique insights into many of debate's recurring discussions (war, arms trade, violence, aggression, etc.) that could benefit all debaters. If debate is to be the welcoming space many debaters and debate coaches have been working toward, then debaters and debate coaches must proactively work at inclusion of student-veterans in the activity. I support these arguments with a discussion of the historic National Debate Tournament run of Georgia State University's Floyd and Finch in 2014 in order to highlight the promises and pitfalls of welcoming student-veterans in the debate activity.
The Trump Draw: Voter Personality and Support for Donald Trump in the 2016 Republican Nomination Campaign

This study explores how variation in voters’ personality traits, as represented by the Big Five framework, corresponded with variation in judgments regarding the leading presidential candidates dur...
Thermal failure and voltage overshoot models for diode behavior under electrostatic discharge stresses

Diodes are simple but effective solution for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection. In order to evaluate and simulate ESD robustness of diode protection schemes at circuit-level for integrated circuits, models of diode thermal failure and voltage overshoot for ESD simulation are proposed in this paper. These models are based on physical mechanisms of ESD events and device failure. According to simulation results, the models are shown to predict thermal failure and reproduce voltage overshoot phenomena under ESD stresses, respectively.
Management of Pediatric Upper System Problems: Punctal and Canalicular Surgery

The lacrimal drainage system develops from ectodermal tissue present in the cleft between the nasal (lateral) and maxillary processes (see Chapter 2.) During the sixth week of embryonic life, an outbudding from this solid ectodermal cord of cells occurs. This outbudding bifurcates in the medial canthal area and projects into the upper and lower lids to eventually form the upper portion of the lacrimal drainage system.1 These outgrowths reach the lid margin at 12 weeks of gestation. Each canaliculus has a long, horizontal portion as well as a vertical component consisting of an ampulla and punctal opening. The punctum opens at the top of a small elevation on the lid margin termed the papilla. The papilla and punctal portions of each canaliculus are formed during the seventh month of gestation, and the drainage system becomes fully patent at that time.
Implications of the NDT for World Wide Health and Mortality in Prehistory

This chapter discusses the significance of the NDT model in particular and of broad explanatory hypotheses in general. Various questions are raised about the aspects of the model, particularly about the timing of the NDT, the causes of increasing fertility, and the resulting pattern of increasing mortality. Data are presented demonstrating diminishing returns for labor in bringing food to the table in economies preceding and accompanying the adoption of agriculture. Also discussed are data from paleopathology indicating that health commonly declined during the same transitions.
Childhood socioeconomic status and genetic risk for poorer cognition in later life.

Abstract The e4 allele of the APOE gene is associated with poorer cognition in later life. This study aimed to advance understanding of how environments potentially moderate this genetic risk by focusing on childhood socioeconomic status (SES). Previous research across diverse national contexts has found that older adults from higher-SES families in childhood demonstrate better cognitive functioning than their lower-SES counterparts. Nevertheless, few studies have examined whether higher childhood SES might also promote later life cognition by mitigating the effects of e4 carrier status. To address this gap, we used data from 3017 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, which has followed a random sample of people who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957. Childhood SES included parents' educational attainment, father's occupational status, and household income in adolescence. We constructed measures of memory and of language/executive functioning using scores from neurocognitive tests administered when participants were approximately ages 65 and 72. APOE e4 status was measured through saliva samples. Results from cross-controlled multilevel models indicated that APOE e4 status—and not childhood SES—independently predicted memory, whereas childhood SES—and not APOE e4 status—independently predicted language/executive functioning. Moreover, a statistical interaction between APOE e4 status and childhood SES for memory indicated that at baseline, higher childhood SES protected against the risk of APOE e4 status, whereas lower childhood SES exacerbated the risk of APOE e4 status. However, by follow-up, these moderating effects dissipated, and APOE e4 status alone was associated with memory. We interpret these results in light of theorizing on differential susceptibility for poorer cognition across the life course.
Claiming Space: Implications of Girls’ Access to Space in a Haitian Residential Care Facility

The following study qualitatively explores how teen girls’ access to space and assets at a Haitian residential care facility changed 2 years after the implementation of a girls’ empowerment program called Fi Ki Fo (“strong girl” in Haitian Creole). Based on focus groups conducted with program participants (n = 17) and program teachers (n = 6), the study found that the Fi Ki Fo program increased access to physical spaces which has had implications for teenage girls’ individual and collective asset accumulation. The study also revealed that the addition of a program focused on women and girls, implemented later in the institutional life of the care facility, caused tensions with boys living on the property. The findings suggest that, while girls experienced clear benefits from the program, the lack of a supportive institutional structure and a gender transformative approach inhibited more fully realized empowerment.
Plagiarism in nursing education and the ethical implications in practice.

Abstract An important ethical issue in nursing education continues to be the evolving concerns of plagiarism. Plagiarism presents itself in a variety of different circumstances, which can influence both the classroom and the clinical environment. Nursing educators often struggle with how to handle the impact of plagiarism. This article aims to provide nursing educators with some practical learning strategies and recommendations to address present day plagiarism issues.
Large neotheropods from the Upper Triassic of North America and the early evolution of large theropod body sizes

Large body sizes among nonavian theropod dinosaurs is a major feature in the evolution of this clade, with theropods reaching greater sizes than any other terrestrial carnivores. However, the early evolution of large body sizes among theropods is obscured by an incomplete fossil record, with the largest Triassic theropods represented by only a few individuals of uncertain ontogenetic stage. Here I describe two neotheropod specimens from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation of New Mexico and place them in a broader comparative context of early theropod anatomy. These specimens possess morphologies indicative of ontogenetic immaturity (e.g., absence of femoral bone scars, lack of co-ossification between the astragalus and calcaneum), and phylogenetic analyses recover these specimens as early-diverging neotheropods in a polytomy with other early neotheropods at the base of the clade. Ancestral state reconstruction for body size suggests that the ancestral theropod condition was small (~240 mm femur length), but the ancestral neotheropod was larger (~300–340 mm femur length), with coelophysoids experiencing secondary body size reduction, although this is highly dependent on the phylogenetic position of a few key taxa. Theropods evolved large body sizes before the Triassic–Jurassic extinction, as hypothesized in most other ancestral state reconstructions of theropod body sizes, but remained rare relative to smaller theropods until the Jurassic.
Reduced Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons With HIV After Release From the Criminal Justice System

Background HIV prevalence is 3 times greater for those in the criminal justice system than the general population, with an assumed increase in sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) postrelease. HIV viral suppression impacts HIV transmission; however, studies of SRBs among persons with HIV leaving the criminal justice system are limited, and no studies have examined viral suppression in relation to SRBs in persons leaving the criminal justice system. Methods Data were examined from 2 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of extended-release naltrexone among persons with HIV and alcohol use or opioid use disorder. Participants self-reported sexual activity, including number of sexual partners, sex type, and condom use. HIV viral suppression was evaluated prerelease and at 6 months. Results Thirty days before incarceration, 60% reported having sex compared with 41% and 46%, respectively, at months 1 and 6 postrelease. The number of sex partners and sexual intercourse events decreased from pre-incarceration to months 1 and 6 postrelease. Condom use increased but was not statistically significant. Of the 11 (9.7%) who reported having sex without a condom 1 month postrelease, only 2 did not have viral suppression (VS; HIV VL <200 copies/mL), whereas the 7 (6.5%) who reported SRBs at 6 months all had VS. Conclusions After release, SRBs decreased, and among those who reported SRBs, most were virally suppressed, and thus risk of transmitting HIV was low.
High thermal conductance across c-BN/diamond interface

Abstract High thermal conductivity electronic components with low interfacial thermal resistance are of technological importance and fundamental interest of research. Diamond, a superhard material with ultrahigh thermal conductivity at room temperature, is desirable for microelectronics thermal management. Cubic polymorph of boron nitride (c-BN) is a promising material due to wide bandgap and diamond like structure and properties. To understand the nature in thermal transport of diamond, c-BN and the most commonly used silicon (Si) semiconductor, ab initio phonon Boltzmann transport equations are employed to investigate lattice vibrational properties of these three materials. At 300 K, the predicted thermal conductivity of Si, diamond and c-BN reached 142, 2112, and 736 W/(m·K), respectively. What's more, heat transport phenomena across the interfaces of Si/diamond, c-BN/diamond and Si/c-BN are unfolded. In comparison, the interfacial thermal conductance of c-BN/diamond is ten-fold of Si/diamond; besides, the thermal conductance across Si/c-BN interface is 20.2% larger than that of Si/diamond at 300 K and 18.9% larger at 340 K. These findings provide us new vision and potential solution to heat dissipation of high-local-power density devices, shedding light on future thermal management of c-BN and diamond related electronics.
The syndemic of COVID-19 and gender-based violence in humanitarian settings: leveraging lessons from Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

### Summary box As the gendered dimensions of COVID-19 are increasingly recognised, efforts to situate gender-based violence (GBV) within the pandemic remain inadequate. It is critical to first acknowledge that the drivers and impacts of COVID-19 and GBV do not occur in isolation; rather, they present as a syndemic—each is made more destructive by the presence of the other.1 Thus, it is not the infection of COVID-19 that increases the risk of GBV but rather the gender-insensitive systems and policies that magnify the risk.2 Based on the knowledge that the public health crises of violence and infectious disease are intersecting, we use a syndemic perspective to examine their shared influence in humanitarian settings. This brief leverages learnings from the 2018–2020 Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to inform …
Office-based management of cholesteatoma

While most cholesteatomas are managed surgically, certain cholesteatomas can be managed in the office setting. These include uncomplicated ear canal cholesteatomas that are well-demarcated without bony erosion and select middle ear cholesteatomas that can be readily visualized through a tympanic membrane perforation and do not show evidence of growth in patients unable to undergo general anesthesia. Frequent debridement and close follow-up are important components to managing cholesteatomas in the office.
Elite influence on public attitudes about climate policy

Public attitudes about climate policy are shaped by social identities, norms, and other sociocultural factors. Recent research demonstrates the impact of cues from policy makers and other political elites on support for climate policies, and the processes by which elite cues perpetuate political polarization. Elite cues convey information about social norms that influence people’s attitudes about climate policy. This can lead to people supporting or opposing climate policy beyond effects of ideology and climate concern. Elites also shape emotional tones of political issues, which can promote affective polarization and can motivate intergroup conflict. Despite emerging norms that climate change is an urgent issue requiring immediate action, the influence of political elites may polarize and pose barriers to climate action. As public concern about climate change increases, the public may look away from polarized elites and towards alternative emerging leaders who can reduce polarized public attitudes about climate change.
Only 24 Hours: A Lesson in Privilege.

In this article, I describe how a professional courtesy afforded to me as a radiologist allowed me to circumvent my institution's typical care timelines after my first screening mammogram was abnor...
A Case of Hydroxyurea-Associated Cutaneous Only Polyarteritis Nodosa

Hydroxyurea is a common antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of several cancers and myeloproliferative conditions, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera. Long-term use has been associated with several adverse cutaneous reactions, including skin eruptions, skin ulcers, xerosis, and hyperpigmentation, amongst others. We report a patient who presented with tender, indurated, erythematous nodules in his legs and thighs who had been taking hydroxyurea for 8 years to treat polycythemia vera. Biopsy revealed medium-sized arteries with intramural edema and intramural neutrophils and eosinophils. Histopathology and clinical features were highly suggestive of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN). Discontinuation of hydroxyurea resulted in full resolution of his lesions.