cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Pathologized Counselor: Effectively Integrating Vulnerability and Professional Identity

PERSPECTIVES is a special feature included in this issue of Journal of Creativity in Mental Health that provides mental health professionals with an opportunity to discuss their positions on a variety of creativity related topics. In this article, Erin Kern, a doctoral candidate, shares her perspective on the importance of integrating counselor vulnerability and professional identity.Counselors are often expected to represent the “normal” population, impervious to having their own mental health issues. However, many counselors are wounded healers, struggling to achieve integration of their own vulnerabilities with their professional identity. This article focuses on the importance of such integration to accomplish greater levels of authenticity in counseling, working, and supervisory relationships. The introduction of the superhero narrative facilitates the awareness that counselors can reframe instances of vulnerability as an opportunity for authenticity, bravery, and strength. The acknowledgment and own...
A new method for determining the availability of choline in soybean meal

Studies were conducted to evaluate the availability of choline in soybean meal, using a new approach: The basal diet contained soybean meal with a lowered choline content (partially extracted with methanol). Choline was added to the basal diet 1) by substituting intact soybean meal for the methanol washed soybean meal; or 2) from crystalline choline Cl. Four experiments were conducted with day-old male broilers housed in battery brooders and fed the experimental diets from 4 to 18 d posthatching. The basal diet contained corn, soybean meal, and isolated soy protein in Experiments 1 to 3, and also glucose in Experiment 4. In Experiment 1, chicks fed the basal diet (1,140 mg/kg choline, 0.61% sulfur amino acids) had a growth response to 1,000 mg/kg choline or 0.10% methionine (P 0.05) supplementation. Supplementation of choline (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg) to the basal diet (1,230 mg/kg choline) in Experiment 2 resulted in a linear increase in growth up to 122 +/- 22 mg/kg supplemental choline (1,352 +/- 22 mg/kg total choline), reaching a plateau after that. In the slope ratio assays to determine choline availability, the basal diets in Experiments 3 (1,098 mg/kg choline) and 4 (920 mg/kg choline) were supplemented with either 50 or 100 mg/ kg choline (from choline Cl) or had approximately 50 or 100 mg/kg choline added with intact soybean meal (at the expense of washed soybean meal). There were significant linear responses of weight gain vs choline intake from either source (P < 0.001). The availability of choline in soybean meal was calculated to be 97 and 105% in Experiments 3 and 4, respectively. These results indicate that choline availability in soybean meal is close to 100%.
Prophylactic use of vancomycin in adult cardiology and cardiac surgery

The recent appearance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains that have reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, raise the specter of endovascular infections that will be difficult or impossible to cure with available drugs. We review issues concerning the prophylactic use of vancomycin in adult cardiology and cardiac surgery with special attention to dosing and indications. There is no indication for the routine use of prophylactic vancomycin in pacemaker implantations, cardiac catheterization, and transesophageal echocardiography. In institutions with a high incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis, vancomycin may be used for antibiotic prophylaxis in place of cephalosporins for pacemaker or defibrillator implantation. The strongest evidence in support of the prophylactic use of vancomycin is during cardiac surgeries, particularly valvular surgeries in institutions with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis. When vancomycin is used prior to open heart surgery, the dose should be 15 mg/kg rather than the standard 1 g dose that is often recommended in the literature and used by 85% of institutional pharmacists who responded to our survey. Cardiologists and cardiac surgeons should assume leadership roles in promoting its responsible use.
Primary surgical repair of traumatic lacerations of the lacrimal canaliculi

Injuries of the lacrimal system are occasionally associated with maxillofacial trauma. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus is essential for optimal treatment of these injuries. The pertinent anatomy is reviewed. Techniques for the diagnoses and repair of lacrimal injuries specific to the canaliculi are presented and discussed with emphasis on early detection and intervention.
Advanced cathode materials for high-power applications

In our efforts to develop low cost high-power Li-ion batteries with excellent safety, as well as long cycle and calendar life, lithium manganese oxide spinel and layered lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode materials were investigated. Our studies with the graphite/LiPF 6 /spinel cells indicated a very significant degradation of capacity with cycling at 55 °C. This degradation was caused by the reduction of manganese ions on the graphite surface which resulted in a significant increase of the charge-transfer impedance at the anode/electrolyte interface. To improve the stability of the spinel, we investigated an alternative salt that would not generate HF acid that may attack the spinel. The alternative salt we selected for this work was lithium bisoxalatoborate, LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (LiBoB). In this case, the graphite/LiBoB/spinel Li-ion cells exhibited much improved cycle/calendar life at 55 °C and better abuse tolerance, as well as excellent power. A second system based on LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered material was also investigated and its performance was compared to commercial LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 . Cells based on LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 showed lower power fade and better thermal safety than the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 -based commercial cells under similar test conditions. Li-ion cells based on the material with excess lithium (Li 1.1 Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ) exhibited excellent power performance that exceeded the FreedomCAR requirements.
Solar-Wind Disturbances and the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Energy Coupling Function

Recent studies of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction are reviewed in terms of the input-output relationship. We show that the magnetosphere is primarily a directly driven system and that the interaction constitutes a dynamo. As another important problem of the interaction, we examine the chain of processes by which the dynamo-generated power is transmitted to the polar ionosophere, leading to various auroral phenomena. Possible implications of these magnetospheric findings for solar flare studies are discussed.
rOmpA is a critical protein for the adhesion of Rickettsia rickettsii to host cells

Abstract rOmpA and rOmpB are immunodominant, surface-exposed proteins ofRickettsia rickettsii.Prior evidence suggests that adhesion ofR. rickettsiito the host cell is mediated by a rickettsial protein. Five monoclonal antibodies to rOmpA, five to rOmpB, and one to the rickettsial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were tested for inhibition of rickettsial attachment. All the monoclonal antibodies to rOmpA inhibited adhesion of rickettsiae to the L-929 cells with some inhibition rates as high as 90%. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies to rOmpB and LPS did not block attachment. When Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies against rOmpA and rOmpB were used, similar results were observed as for the intact monoclonals, non-adhesion and adhesion, respectively. Purified rOmpA showed a competitive inhibitive effect on the attachment ofR. rickettsiito host cells. Trypsin completely digested rOmpA but not rOmpB from the surface of intactR. rickettsii, resulting in loss of the ability of the rickettsiae to attach to the host cell. rOmpA appears to play an important role in the initial adhesion ofR. rickettsiito the host cell.
Microstructure of Gold Films Grown by Ion Induced Deposition

A beam of ions incident on a substrate can cause adsorbed gas molecules to break up, resulting in material deposition. We have previously demonstrated deposition of gold from a gas of dimethyl gold hexafluoro acetylacetonate (C7H7F6O2Au) using both focused and broad ion beams. Here we investigate growth at various substrate temperatures and examine micro-structure using transmission electron microscopy. Films grown at room temperature were discontinuous even up to the thickness of 250μπι while films grown at higher substrate temperatures were continuous even at lower thicknesses. Deposition carried out on substrates at 100°C and 160°C using 70 kev Ar+ ions resulted in resistivities approaching the bulk value and a deposition yield of 60 to 75 atoms/ion. The relationship between growth conditions, micro-structure and resistivity will be discussed.
Control Room Human Factors Assessment at a Bulgariannuclear Power Plant

This paper presents the results of a preliminary assessment of human factors concerns associated with the six reactor control rooms at the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant in Bulgaria. This initiative was sponsored by the Committee of Energy, Bulgaria, as part of a multi-faceted project that examined emergency operating procedures, training, and risk-based maintenance practices at Kozloduy. The goal of the study was to determine the overall adequacy of the interfaces, from a human error prevention perspective, between operator and plant processes as found in the control rooms, and if warranted, to develop a program plan for conducting subsequent detailed control room design reviews. The need for this study was stimulated in part by a report prepared by the International Atomic Energy Agency which found that WWER-440 model 230 reactor control rooms were in urgent need of human factors attention. This paper summarizes the findings from the human factors portion of the study, and discusses potential concerns ass...
A wide field-of-view microscope based on holographic focus grid

We have developed a novel microscope technique that can achieve wide field-of-view (FOV) imaging and yet possess resolution that is comparable to conventional microscope. The principle of wide FOV microscope system breaks the link between resolution and FOV magnitude of traditional microscopes. Furthermore, by eliminating bulky optical elements from its design and utilizing holographic optical elements, the wide FOV microscope system is more cost-effective. In our system, a hologram was made to focus incoming collimated beam into a focus grid. The sample is put in the focal plane and the transmissions of the focuses are detected by an imaging sensor. By scanning the incident angle of the incoming beam, the focus grid will scan across the sample and the time-varying transmission can be detected. We can then reconstruct the transmission image of the sample. The resolution of microscopic image is limited by the size of the focus formed by the hologram. The scanning area of each focus spot is determined by the separation of the focus spots and can be made small for fast imaging speed. We have fabricated a prototype system with a 2.4-mm FOV and 1-μm resolution. The prototype system was used to image onion skin cells for a demonstration. The preliminary experiments prove the feasibility of the wide FOV microscope technique, and the possibility of a wider FOV system with better resolution.
The Acceptance of Background Noise in Adult Cochlear Implant Users

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine (a) if acceptable noise levels (ANLs) are different in cochlear implant (CI) users than in listeners with normal hearing, (b) if ANLs are related ...
Peripheral vascular actions of alpha-methyl-DOPA and its mode of action on arterioles.

SummaryThe present quantitative in vivo and in vitro experiments on rat mesenteric arterioles and aortas, respectively, demonstrate that although α-methylnorepinephrine is much less potent than epinephrine on both types of blood vessels, it is only 1.5-2 times less potent than the natural postganglionic neurotransmitter norepinephrine on these blood vessels. Furthermore, α-methylnorepinephrine is equivalent to norepinephrine in its ability to induce maximal contractile responses on rat arterioles and aortas. Systemic administration of α-methyl-DOPA to rats for 15 days shifted the log dose–response curves for all three catecholamines, but not vasopressin, to the right on both intact 20-30 μm arterioles and isolated aorta; the maximal contractile responses to these amines were, however, not affected by chronic treatment with α-methyl-DOPA. In addition, acute, intra-arterial administration of 500 mg/kg of α-methyl-DOPA was found to not only gradually induce mesenteric arteriolar vasodilatation, but to depres...
CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN DIATOMS: A REVIEW

Previously published observations on chromosome numbers for 43 diatom taxa are reviewed. Members of five centric families, as well as araphid, monoraphid and biraphid pennate species are included in the list. Greatest range in diploid complement is found in the biraphid group, where the smallest (8) and largest (130) numbers have been reported. Chromosome numbers are compared with alternative hypotheses of diatom phylogeny and appear to support the scenario of an initial dichotomy between centries and pennates. The occurrence of polyploidy in diatoms is also discussed.
A sample-bottle purging method for the determination of vinyl chloride in water at submicrogram per liter levels.

Methodology is presented for the concentration, detection and measurement of vinyl chloride (VC) in water at a maximum sensitivity of 0.1 mug/1 by gas chromatography, using the halogen specific microcoulometric titration detector. The methodology eliminates cyanogen chloride (CNCI) as a potential interference by using a 180 mm X 4 mm i.d. GC column packed in the first one-third with Chromosorb 101, and in the second two-thirds with Chromosorb 102; a procedure for purging the sealed sample bottle itself is utilized as a means of analyzing larger samples, while at the same time avoiding the loss of VC by volatilization which occurred when the sample was transferred to a purging device. A method of verifying the accuracy of standard solutions that utilizes a new device called a "Reaction Coulometer," is also included and a detailed description of how to convert the inlet system of the Tracor MT 220 gas chromatograph to a desorbing device is provided.
Mutant PCNA alleles are associated with cdc phenotypes and sensitivity to DNA damage in fission yeast

Twenty-eight site-directed mutations were introduced into the fission yeast gene (pcn1+) that encodes proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and their in vivo effects analyzed in a strain with a null pcn1 background. Mutants defective in enhancing processivity of DNA polymerase delta have previously been identified. In this study, we assessed all of the mutants for their sensitivities to temperature, hydroxyurea, UV irradiation and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and specific mutants were also tested for sensitivity to gamma irradiation. One cold-sensitive allele, pcn1-3, was characterized in detail. This mutant had a recessive cold-sensitive cdc phenotype and showed sensitivity to hydroxyurea, UV, and gamma irradiation. At the non-permissive temperature pcn1-3 protein was able to form homotrimers in solution and showed increased stimulation of both synthetic activity and processivity of DNA polymerase delta relative to the wild-type Pcn1+ protein. Epistasis analyses indicated that pcn1-3 is defective in the repair pathway involving rad2+ but not defective in the classical nucleotide excision repair pathway involving rad13+. Furthermore, pcn1-3 is either synthetically or conditionally lethal in null checkpoint rad backgrounds and displays a mitotic catastrophe phenotype in these backgrounds. A model for how pcn1-3 defects may affect DNA repair and replication is presented.
Overview of the 2013 Food and Drug Administration Circulatory System Devices Panel Meeting on the MitraClip Delivery System

The MitraClip system (MCS; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) is a percutaneously delivered device aimed at reducing severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) by approximating the mitral valve leaflets. The device is introduced through the femoral vein and advanced into the left atrium through a transseptal puncture. With echocardiographic guidance, the MitraClip is permanently placed in a fashion that approximates the anterior and posterior leaflets as seen in the surgical technique by Alfieri and De Bonis,1 although it should be noted that this technique includes mitral annuloplasty as an essential component. After being in development for more than a decade, the MCS was approved for commercial use in Europe in 20082 and is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology for use in patients with symptomatic severe MR who are determined to be inoperable or at high surgical risk by a heart team and who have a life expectancy >1 year (recommendation Class IIb , Level of Evidence C ).3 The MitraClip is currently approved for use in >40 countries with >8000 patients having been treated with this device, most of whom are at high surgical risk.2 On March 20, 2013, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Circulatory System Devices Panel met to discuss the premarket approval (PMA) application for the MCS. The scientific data presented to support the PMA were based on the pivotal randomized, controlled Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study (EVEREST) II trial,4 along with data from 2 registries: 1 derived from a subgroup analysis of the EVEREST II data and 1 derived from continued-access registries. The first US MCS clinical trial, EVEREST I, was a single-arm feasibility registry of 55 patients. This trial completed its 5-year follow-up with reassuring results. The pivotal EVEREST II trial, initiated in August 2005, was a randomized, controlled …
Long-term outcomes in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipients with portal-enteric versus systemic-bladder drainage.

Abstract We retrospectively reviewed long-term outcomes in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant (SKPT) recipients with portal-enteric (P-E) versus systemic-bladder (S-B) drainage. Forty-five patients were alive with functioning grafts 1 year after SKPT and were followed up for a minimum of 3 years (mean, 5.9 years), including 26 patients with P-E drainage and 19 patients with S-B drainage. Recipient demographic and transplant characteristics were similar between the two groups. In both groups, hospital admissions decreased significantly with increasing time after SKPT, although significantly fewer readmissions occurred in the first year in the P-E than the S-B group. The most common reason for readmission in both groups was infection, followed by miscellaneous, surgical, and immunologic morbidity. The incidence of readmission for dehydration was significantly less in the P-E group ( P 1c ) and lipid (total cholesterol) metabolism. Renal and pancreas allograft functions were similar between the two groups. At 1 year post-SKPT, stabilization in most diabetic complications was reported. Four quality-of-life surveys that provided 29 scores were completed 6 to 24 months (mean, 18.5 months) after SKPT. Improved quality of life was reported in all but one of the scales, with many dimensions showing significant improvements. At 3 years after SKPT, no activity limitation was reported in 76% of patients with P-E drainage versus 53% with S-B drainage ( P = 0.11). Five-year actual patient, kidney, and pancreas graft survival rates after P-E versus S-B drainage are 92% and 84%, 81% and 79%, and 88% and 74%, respectively ( P = not significant). SKPT with P-E drainage is a safe and effective method to treat advanced diabetic nephropathy and is associated with decreasing morbidity, improving rehabilitation and quality of life, and stablizing metabolic function over time. The long-term prognosis after the first year is excellent and at least similar to the results achieved with S-B drainage. © 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc .
MORTALITY PATTERNS OF MOUSE SARCOMA 180 CELLS RESULTING FROM DIRECT HEATING AND CHRONIC MICROWAVE IRRADIATION.

Summary Mortality patterns were essentially identical for irradiated and non-irradiated cells, suspended in Eagle's MEM, when radiation induced heat was dissipated at a rate which insured comparable temperatures for both experimental and control systems. Cell suspensions were irradiated with a field intensity of approximately 0.3 watts/cm 2 at control temperatures ranging from 43° to 48°C. Survival data were fitted to a hypothetical curve of the inverse, sigmoid type. The equation of this curve is commonly referred to as Gompertz's equation and may be expressed as − dX/dt = aX exp ( bt ), where − dX/dt indicates the rate of decay of surviving cells ( X ), and a and b are decay coefficients. The coefficient a at zero time approximates a first order rate coefficient. The coefficient b represents a type of “decay acceleration” coefficient which may be associated with a decreasing quantity of hypothetical “protective or vital material” present in the system. When plotted as a function of the reciprocal of the absolute temperature, values of log a assumed a linear regression as would be predicted by the Arrhenius equation. Activation energies obtained for the Arrhenius plots, 72.4±9.8 and 70.8±7.7 kcal/mole for control and experimental systems respectively, were not significantly different. The high temperature dependence suggests a “spontaneous” destruction of cellular material. Although significantly different from zero, values of b coefficients were not sufficiently precise to permit a meaningful interpretation of their temperature trend. Cell decay appeared to be highly temperature dependent as would be expected from the “spontaneous” destruction of cellular material. It was also shown in this investigation that in microwave studies concerned with some form of cellular destruction, undetected temperature deviations between irradiated and control systems of no greater than one degree could lead to erroneous interpretations. In investigations concerning the effects of high frequency electromagnetic irradiation on the biological system, especially when some form of cellular destruction is involved, temperature control is a major consideration.
Carbon Storage Capacity of some Important Vegetation in Urban Residential Area

The present work focused on developing a rapid estimation of carbon storage of single tree in urban community greening that is an important carbon storage field. The carbon storage is determined by the total biomass measured by getting carbon content percentage and density values of plants. Having surveying and calculating carbon content percentage, volume density and carbon storage of four main kinds of trees in eight residential areas, the value of computing carbon content percentage, volume density are 0.5 and 0.5×103kg/m3, respectively, agreeing with their default value 0.5. The developed carbon storage formula is applicable to computing single arbor green vegetation of cities. The carbon storage biomass of Cinnamomum camphora is the largest among the four kinds of main trees (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.), acacia (Albizia julibrissin), magnolia (Magnolia Grandiflora Linn.), laurel (Osmanthus fragrans. The results show that the calculation method is applicable and can be expanded for extensive use.
Thermal Decomposition of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant (DMMP) on TiO2: Adsorbate Reactions with Lattice Oxygen as Studied by Infrared Spectroscopy

The thermal decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a chemical warfare agent simulant, on high surface area TiO2 nanoparticles (Degussa P25) has been studied by transmission infrared spectroscopy. The dominant reaction channel in the low-temperature regime from 295 to 400 K is the nucleophilic attack of adsorbed DMMP by neighboring oxygen to produce Ti−OCH3 and a variety of P−Ox surface bound groups. Arrhenius studies reveal an activation energy of ∼48 kJ mol−1 for the conversion of surface bound phosphoryl (P═O) groups into P−Ox species. Above 400 K, thermally activated lattice oxygen begins to play a dominant role in driving the oxidation of surface Ti−OCH3 groups. The electrons left behind following the extraction of lattice oxygen are observed by a broad rise in the infrared absorbance as the electrons are excited from shallow traps into the conduction band. Tracking lattice oxygen removal as a function of temperature reveals an activation energy of ∼33 kJ mol−1, over the temperature range...
The Edison medal

CONCERNING just ordinary people a young man once remarked, “Each man's life is very like his brother's And phase for phase, the like of countless others.”
Learning on the Job? Entrepreneurial Spawning in the Asset Management Industry

Entrepreneurs often have prior experience at incumbent firms. We present a new mechanism by which prior employment can influence transitions into entrepreneurship. We propose that some employees di...
Patterns of beat-to-beat heart rate variability in advanced heart failure

Diminished heart rate variability is associated with high sympathetic tone and an increased mortality rate in heart failure cases. We constructed Poincare plots of each sinus R-R interval plotted against the subsequent R-R interval from 24-hour Holter recordings of 24 healthy subjects (control group) and 24 patients with heart failure. Every subject in the control group had a comet-shaped Poincare plot resulting from an increase in beat-to-beat dispersion as heart rate slowed. No patient with heart failure had this comet-shaped pattern. Instead, three distinctive patterns were identified: (1) a torpedo-shaped pattern resulting from low R-R interval dispersion over the entire range of heart rates, (2) a fanshaped pattern resulting from restriction of overall R-R interval ranges with enhanced dispersion, and (3) complex patterns with clusters of points characteristic of stepwise changes in R-R intervals. Poincare pattern could not be predicted from standard deviations of R-R intervals. This first use of Poincare plots in heart rate variability analysis reveals a complexity not readily perceived from standard deviation information. Further study is warranted to determine if this method will allow refined assessment of cardiac-autonomic integrity in heart failure, which could help identify patients at highest risk for sudden death.
Image-based relative navigation for the autonomous refueling problem using predictive rendering

Autonomous aerial refueling requires a high level of accuracy and integrity. A great deal of research has been conducted in this problem area and has successfully demonstrated techniques with sufficient accuracy for fully autonomous refueling. Unfortunately, significantly less research has focused on the integrity of the relative navigation solution, especially in the presence of degraded sensor operation. In this paper, we present an image-based relative navigation algorithm which uses a predictive rendering technique to determine the relative pose of a lead aircraft using a monocular imaging camera. The predictive rendering algorithm is developed using image processing techniques and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated from an observability perspective using flight test data. Three variations of the algorithm are analyzed: sum squared difference, magnitude of gradient, and gradient with threshold. The observability of translation and rotation errors is discussed for all three techniques, noting any significant issues for each approach. Overall, the predictive rendering algorithm is shown to provide an accurate estimate of the relative position and attitude to a lead aircraft using a monocular camera. In addition, the algorithm can be tuned to provide a measurement that emphasizes precision versus convergence stability based on the mission requirements.
Analysis of the microbial proteome

Proteomics has begun to provide insight into the biology of microorganisms. The combination of proteomics with genetics, molecular biology, protein biochemistry and biophysics is particularly powerful, resulting in novel methods to analyse complex protein mixtures. Emerging proteomic technologies promise to increase the throughput of protein identifications from complex mixtures and allow for the quantification of protein expression levels.
AM to FM conversion via combine optical and electrical tuning

We present a novel scheme to convert AM signal from 1.3 μm FP laser into pure FM signal of a 1.5 μm DFB laser using optical induced bistability.
Effects of beta-endorphin on DNA synthesis in brain regions of preweanling rats.

Recent studies of whole brain in rat pups have shown a marked decrease in DNA synthesis following intracisternal (i.c.) administration of beta-endorphin (BE). This investigation examines DNA synthesis in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum to determine whether the effect shows regional selectivity. Two- to twenty-day-old rats were given a single ic injection of BE, and DNA synthesis was assessed 1 h later. In the cerebral cortex, a region that undergoes major phases of cell multiplication in the immediate pre- and postnatal periods, BE significantly decreased DNA synthesis in 2-day-old rats, and a maximal inhibition was obtained by 4 days of age. In contrast, the cerebellum, a region that grows predominantly after birth, showed less sensitivity to BE during the early postnatal days, and a maximal effect was not attained until 10 days of age. While at 15 days of age the inhibition began to diminish in the cortex, a maximal effect was still seen in the cerebellum. Naloxone prevented the response in both brain regions, indicating the participation of opioid receptors. These results indicate that CNS BE is apparently able to alter DNA synthesis throughout the brain, with the greatest sensitivity occurring in those regions with highest mitotic rates at the time of exposure to BE.
15d-Prostaglandin J2 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, promotes expression of catalase, and reduces inflammation, behavioral dysfunction, and neuronal loss after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of various gene products that are essential in lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as that of the peroxisome-enriched antioxidant enzyme, catalase. Activation of PPARgamma is linked to anti-inflammatory activities and is beneficial for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about its role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) acts as a physiologic agonist for PPARgamma. In this study, we found that injection of 15d-PGJ2 into the locus of striatal hematoma increased PPARgamma-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding activity and the expression of catalase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein in the perihemorrhagic area. Additionally, 15d-PGJ2 significantly reduced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and prevented neutrophil infiltration measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) immunoassay, and also reduced cell apoptosis measured by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). In addition, 15d-PGJ2 reduced behavioral dysfunction produced by the ICH. Altogether, our findings indicate that injection of 15d-PGJ2 at the onset of ICH is associated with activation of PPARgamma and elevation of catalase expression, suppression of NF-kappaB activity, and restricted neutrophil infiltration. All these events predicted reduced behavioral deficit and neuronal damage.
Predicting Asian international students’ sociocultural adjustment: A test of two mediation models

Abstract Integrating a number of theoretical perspectives, this paper examined predictors of Asian international students’ sociocultural adjustment. A total of 117 students (aged 18–46 years) from 17 Asian countries and regions completed questionnaires about their sociocultural adjustment, contact with the hosts, ethnic identity, and cross-cultural self-efficacy. As hypothesized, contact with the hosts partially mediated the effect of cross-cultural self-efficacy on sociocultural adjustment. The hypothesis that contact with the hosts would mediate the effect of ethnic identity on sociocultural adjustment was not supported.
A New Dental Superalloy System: IV. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of the alloy system Co-Ni-Cr-Ta showed that the ternary alloy base consisted of three phases (a, β, and σ). Addition of Ta caused a decrease in the intensity of the β lines. Further Ta additions caused diffraction lines characteristic of the intermetallic compound α-Co3Ta. At higher Ta concentrations, the intensity of the lines characteristic of the σ phase increased and lines characteristic of Co2Ta appeared.
Younger and Older Adults' “Good-Enough” Interpretations of Garden-Path Sentences

We report 3 experiments that examined younger and older adults' reliance on "good-enough" interpretations for garden-path sentences (e.g., "While Anna dressed the baby played in the crib") as indicated by their responding "Yes" to questions probing the initial, syntactically unlicensed interpretation (e.g., "Did Anna dress the baby?"). The manipulation of several factors expected to influence the probability of generating or maintaining the unlicensed interpretation resulted in 2 major age differences: Older adults were generally more likely to endorse the incorrect interpretation for sentences containing optionally transitive verbs (e.g., hunted, paid), and they showed decreased availability of the correct interpretation of subordinate clauses containing reflexive absolute transitive verbs (e.g., dress, bathe). These age differences may in part be linked to older adults' increased reliance on heuristic-like good-enough processing to compensate for age-related deficits in working memory capacity. The resu...
Taxonomic revision of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Hawaii Island: abundant genitalic variation in a nascent island radiation

The Hawaii Island fauna of Mecyclothorax Sharp, 1903 is taxonomically revised and found to comprise 30 species, 18 newly described: M. gagnei sp. n., M. nitidus sp. n., M. maunakukini sp. n., M. punakukini sp. n., M. kaukukini sp. n., M. perivariipes sp. n., M. aa sp. n., M. giffini sp. n., M. hephaestus sp. n., M. funebris sp. n., M. granulipennis sp. n., M. rufipennis sp. n., M. blackburnianus sp. n., M. swezeyi sp. n., M. sinuosus sp. n., M. williamsi sp. n., M. purpuripennis sp. n., and M. footei sp. n. New synonymies include: Mecyclothorax parvus Britton, 1948 = M. subunctus (Perkins), 1917; Thriscothorax munroi Perkins, 1937 = M. karschi (Blackburn), 1882; Thriscothorax gracilis Sharp, 1903 and Mecyclothorax proximus Britton, 1948 = M. konanus Sharp, 1903; Mecyclothorax terminalis Britton, 1948 = M. discedens (Sharp) 1903. Mecyclothorax vulcanus (Blackburn) was described from a mixed series, with the cryptic sibling species M. hephaestus newly described to correct the partial misidentification. Species delimitation for the highly variable M. konanus is achieved using a hierarchical analysis based on infraspecifically variable attributes. Extensive male genitalic variation is documented within M. konanus and M. deverilli (Blackburn), and also among the cryptic sibling species pair M. variipes (Blackburn) and M. perivariipes. The observed variation is consistent with various hypotheses of sexual selection, but not with the genitalic lock and key hypothesis. Areas of endemism are tentatively proposed based on the most restricted distributions of Hawaii Island Mecyclothorax, with various flanks of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa volcanoes identified as distinctive areas. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study effort versus distinctiveness in the recollection of veridical and illusory memories

In past research, stimulus distinctiveness and study effort have been claimed to promote the development of distinctive memories, which in turn have been considered critical for enhancing veridical recollection and reducing illusory memory experiences. In the present investigation, stimulus distinctiveness, obtained by displaying text-redundant pictorial information at study, was pitted against study effort to determine whether either factor would be more beneficial to veridical recall and more detrimental to illusory recall than the other. Subjects first completed word fragments with or without the aid of an image of each word’s referent and then performed a recall test. It was found that when images were useful to the encoding task (fragment completion), their presence at study enhanced veridical recall and reduced illusory memories more than any additional encoding effort.
A critical theoretical model for library-led technological development: A case of open source software and libraries

The public discourse of libraries is increasingly aligned with the development of a global “information society.” This current research study critiques the global policy discourse of the information society, building upon the critiques of Webster (2002) and arguing that a global information society may serve to undermine library service goals and accelerate processes of information commoditization and the privatization of library services in an increasingly commercial environment. Countering these ideologies and policy goals requires developing critical theoretical frameworks and modes of action. In response to this idea, this study, building upon technology studies and critical theory, proposes a theoretical model for library-led technological development. Using a critical theoretical framework and an in-depth, qualitative case-study methodology, prominent open source software initiatives in libraries around the world are analyzed, with a particular focus on library consortia activity in Western Canada. The open source movement has generated a great deal of attention for its challenges to proprietary models of software development, as well as to traditional notions of property (Weber, 2004). An emerging movement within the library profession is considering open source software as a way to reduce dependence on proprietary software vendors, and to have more control in the development of technology in libraries (Frumkin, 2002). However, little work has been done in theorizing and understanding how and/or whether open source software can enhance library service ethics and goals. This case study of open source software development will thus serve as an exploration in the development of a theoretical model for library-led technological development. Findings from this research will contribute to an understanding of the open source movement within libraries, and can provide a theoretical lens for analyzing other forms of library-led technological development in different contexts, both local and global, such as the growing open access publishing movement.
Centros e periferias no mundo luso-brasileiro,1500-1808

Este estudo representa a aplicacao do modelo centro-periferia no contexto do Brasil colonial em dois niveis: metropole-colonia e intracolo-nia. Examina as dimensoes politicas, administrativas, sociais, economicas e culturais nesta dinâmica. O autor esclarece a maneira em que o principio mercantilista e a hegemonia metropolitana sofreram uma progressiva erosao por causa de uma descentralizacao sistemica, e a aplicacao de uma pratica da "autoridade negociada". Conclui que a historia do Brasil colonial representa uma trajetoria em direcao a uma crescente autonomia, que se retro-alimenta, se expande e corrobora para a criacao de uma identidade que se pode chamar de brasileira.
Durotomy is associated with pseudoarthrosis following lumbar fusion

Pseudoarthrosis is a known complication following lumbar fusion, and although several risk factors have been established, the association of durotomy and pseudoarthrosis has not been studied to our knowl- edge. A retrospective review was performed to identify all adult patients who underwent lumbar pos- terolateral fusion (without interbody fusion) for degenerative spine disease over a 20 year period at a single institution. Patients were divided into durotomy and no durotomy cohorts. Patients were included if they had at least 1 year of follow-up. The main outcome variable was development of pseudoarthrosis. A total of 327 patients were identified, of whom 17 (5.19%) had a durotomy. Pseudoarthrosis rates were significantly higher in the durotomy group (35.29%) when compared to the no durotomy group (13.87%), with the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.016). Univariate analysis revealed that durotomy (p = 0.003) and the number of levels fused (p = 0.015) were the only two significant risk factors for pseu- doarthrosis. After controlling for the number of levels fused, the adjusted relative risk (RR) revealed that patients with a durotomy were 2.23 times more likely to develop pseudoarthrosis (RR 2.23; 95% confi- dence interval 1.05-4.75) when compared to patients without durotomy. The findings in the present study suggest an association between durotomy and pseudoarthrosis development. Patients with a dur- otomy were 2.2 times more likely to develop pseudoarthrosis compared to patients without a durotomy. Future and larger studies are required to corroborate our findings.
Phase-conjugate holographic system for high-resolution particle-image velocimetry

A novel holographic particle-image velocimeter system has been developed for the study of three-dimensional (3-D) fluid velocity fields. The recording system produces 3-D particle images with a resolution, a signal-to-noise ratio, an accuracy, and derived velocity fields that are comparable to high-quality two-dimensional photographic particle-image velocimetry (PIV). The high image resolution is accomplished through the use of low f-number optics, a fringe-stabilized processing chemistry, and a phase conjugate play-back geometry that compensates for aberrations in the imaging system. In addition, the system employs a reference multiplexed, off-axis geometry for the determination of velocity directions with the cross-correlation technique, and a stereo camera geometry for the determination of the three velocity components. The combination of the imaging and reconstruction subsystems makes the analysis of volumetric PIV domains feasible.
Observation of buried object detection by a dolphin

Acoustic buried object detection by a dolphin was observed by means of a hydrophone placed directly above the object. Dolphins are known to be adept at locating prey and objects that are buried in the sediment. This involves the detection and some level of identification of the prey. Since sediment is opaque, it is unlikely that vision is involved. It is likely that the dolphin uses sound to detect buried objects. Direct observation of the sound pulses arriving at the buried object provides information about the sound pulses employed by the dolphin. The observations show that the acoustic pulses are broad band, spanning the frequency range from a few tens of kilohertz to well over one hundred kilohertz. Modeling of the acoustic penetration of such a broad band pulse indicates that it will change shape as it is transmitted through the water-sediment interface. The change will depend on the sediment type and signal grazing angle. As the pulse penetrates into the sediment, it will undergo further distortion due to the frequency dependence of acoustic absorption. Acoustic penetration of the sediment has been modelled and the signal distortion may be expressed as a filter function, with certain characteristics, particularly a phase shift and a reduction at the higher end of the spectrum. These features provide an indication of whether a detected object is buried or not, and the depth of burial.
Preliminary Study of a Novel R718 Turbo-Compression Cycle Using a 3-Port Condensing Wave Rotor

Using a novel 3-port condensing wave rotor enhancing the turbo-compression in a R718 refrigeration cycle, which uses only water as a refrigerant, has been introduced. The wave-rotor implementation can increase efficiency and reduce size and cost of R718 units. The condensing wave rotor employs pressurized water to pressurize, desuperheat, and condense the refrigerant vapor — all in one dynamic process. The underlying phenomena of flash evaporation, shock wave compression, desuperheating, and condensation inside the wave rotor channels are described in a wave and phase-change diagram. The thermodynamic process is shown in pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy diagrams. A computer program based on a thermodynamic model was generated to evaluate the performance of R718 baseline and wave-rotor-enhanced cycles. The effect of some key parameters on the performance enhancement is demonstrated as an aid for optimization. A performance map summarizes the findings. It shows optimum wave rotor pressure ratio and maximum relative performance improvement of R718 cycles by using the 3-port condensing wave rotor.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A note on an alternating upper bound for random walks on semigroups

We consider random walks on idempotent semigroups, called Left Regular Bands, satisfying the relation xyx=xy for any two elements x and y of the semigroup. We give an alternating upper bound for the total variation distance of a random walk on a Left Regular Band semigroup, improving the previous bound by Brown and Diaconis.
Resonant properties in the paddlefish electrosensory system caused by delayed feedback

Introduction The paddlefish electrosensory system consists of receptor cells in the skin that sense minute electric fields from their prey, small water fleas. The receptors thereby measure the difference of the voltage at the skin surface against the voltage inside the animal. Due to a high skin impedance, this internal voltage is considered to be relatively fixed. Results We found, however, that this internal voltage can fluctuate. It shows damped oscillations to a single short electric field pulse and changes, with some time delay, according to the previous history of stimulation, and shows resonance at a certain frequency. Conclusions Computer simulations show that these phenomena can be explained by the presence of delayed feedback where the internal voltage is part of the feedback loop.
The insomnia of 'sleeping in a strange place': effects of l-tryptophane.

Forty-two normal human subjects were studied in the sleep laboratory for one night each. Fourteen were given placebo at bedtime, 14 took l-tryptophane 1 g, and 14 took l-tryptophane 3 g. Both tryptophane groups had significantly lower sleep latency than the placebo group. The usually discarded ‘first laboratory night’ produces a mild situational insomnia in normal persons and thus can be useful in certain sleep studies.