cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Triacylglycerol synthesis and metabolism in germinating soybean cotyledons

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of germinating soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Dare) cotyledons to synthesize triacylglycerol, for the purpose of identifying an alternative tissue source for the isolation and purification of the enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20). Aspects of glycerolipid metabolism were examined in etiolated cotyledons and greening cotyledons with intact or detached epicotyls at various stages of germination. Regardless of tissue morphology or age, cotyledons from all treatments were found to be capable of triacylglycerol synthesis from [2-14C]acetate. In general, the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis in etiolated cotyledons was greater than in greening cotyledons with intact epicotyls. The greatest triacylglycerol synthetic activity (2.1 nmol 14C/h per g dry weight), however, was attained at 20 days after germination in greening cotyledons with detached epicotyls. That rate was approximately one-half of the maximal rate of triacylglycerol synthesis from [2-14C]acetate reported for developing Dare seed. Furthermore, it was shown that the de novo synthesized triacylglycerol in germinating soybean cotyledons exhibited zero-order metabolic kinetics. Hence these data indicated a subcellular compartmentation of the synthetic and hydrolytic mechanisms associated with triacylglycerol metabolism in germinating soybean cotyledons. The conclusion drawn from these findings was that germinating soybean cotyledons would be a suitable medium for the isolation, purification, and subcellular localization of diacylglycerol acyltransferase, the enzyme which catalyses triacylglycerol synthesis.
Formation and emission of metallic aerosols from incinerators

Abstract An analysis of the formation and growth of metallic particles during incineration is studied. The first step is the entrainment of the metallic species from the waste stream into the gas phase. An equilibrium analysis is carried out to determine the partitioning of the metals amongst the various species. A lognormal, multicomponent model incorporating chemical reactions and aerosol growth dynamics was used to predict the evolution of the aerosol size distribution. The model was used to predict the aerosol size distributions in a lead-oxygen-chlorine system in a typical rotary kiln incinerator.
Radioassay of bile acid coenzyme A:glycine/taurine: N-acyltransferase using an n-butanol solvent extraction procedure.

Abstract A rapid, specific, and sensitive radioassay for measuring bile acid CoA:glycine/taurine: N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1) has been developed. In this assay, 3H-labeled amino acids (glycine or taurine) are conjugated with unlabeled bile acid CoA derivatives to form 3H-labeled bile acid amidates. Following incubation, the 3H-labeled bile acid amidate is separated from the unreacted amino acid by an n-butanol extraction method. The extraction procedure was developed by evaluating the effects of buffer concentration and pH on the recovery of radiolabeled bile acid amidate standards in the presence of human hepatic cytosol. Highest recovery (greater than 90%) of bile acid amidate standards occurred under acidic conditions (pH 2) in the presence of 1% ( w v ) SDS. When the radioassay and accompanying n-butanol extraction procedure were utilized to study the amidation of glycine or taurine with cholic acid in human hepatic cytosol, a single peak of radioactivity corresponding with either authentic glycocholate or taurocholate was detected in the n-butanol phase by high-performance liquid chromatography. This assay for bile acid CoA:glycine/taurine: N-acyltransferase activity was linear with incubation time and protein concentration. This assay should be useful in the biochemical studies of this enzyme, as well as in the examination of bile acid amidation in clinical liver specimens.
Interdependent Preferences, Militarism, and Child Gender

Selection effects make it difficult to determine whether concern for other people genuinely affects individuals’ policy preferences. Child gender provides a conveniently exogenous means of exploring the issue, especially in contexts such as military policy where girls and boys face different risks; in many countries male children are disproportionately likely to become soldiers and thus bear the costs of militarism. This creates divergent effects: those in households with girls generally prefer more hawkish foreign policies than do members of households with boys. Data from the 2004 American National Election Study confirm these intuitions, both in general statements of policy preference and in evaluating the net costs of the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts.
The Effect of Local Labor Market Conditions in the 1990s on the Likelihood of Community College Students' Persistence and Attainment.

This study analyzes the influence of local labor market conditions on the year-to-year persistence and attainment decisions of a sample of traditional-aged students who attended community colleges during the 1990s. The findings suggest that the enrollment and attainment decisions of these first-time community college students were not made purely as a response to changes in tuition costs, but rather the result of a more interconnected process whereby changes in tuition, local labor market conditions, and the relative change in both are considered. For those who are sensitive to these relative costs, the likelihood of dropping out is increased. Of those who remained enrolled, the evidence suggests that an increase in tuition appears to provide an incentive or extra motivation to finish a degree, especially an associate’s degree. This finding does not support the raising of in-state tuition to improve student outcomes; rather it draws attention to the complexity involved in student persistence and attainment decision-making.
Cyclohexene adsorption and reactions on clean and bismuth-covered Pt(111)

The chemisorption and dehydrogenation of cyclohexene on clean and bismuth-covered Pt(111) was studied using thermal desorption mass spectrometry (TDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRS), and Auger electron spectroscopy. Four different molecular cyclohexene desorption states appear in the thermal desorption spectra of cyclohexene on clean Pt(111). The temperatures and activation energies for desorption of these states are 158 K (9.1 kcal/mole), 190 K (11.0 kcal/mole), 255 K (15.0 kcal/mole), and 300 K (17.9 kcal/mole). The XPS data indicate that about 4.5 Pt(111) surface atoms are required on average to accommodate each adsorbed cyclohexene molecule. At low coverages (ΘC6H10 < 0.05 molecule per Pt atom) all the adsorbed cyclohexene dehydrogenates upon heating to produce absorbed benzene (at temperatures below 350 K), which further decomposes on the surface by 800 K to give graphitic carbon and H2. At high coverages of either cyclohexene or coadsorbed bismuth, the adsorbed cyclohexene and the product benzene molecularly desorb from the surface. A different intermediate in cyclohexene dehydrogenation is stabilized at these high coverages (perhaps π-allyl c-C6H9,a). During the TDS experiments on clean or Bi-dosed Pt(111), neither cyclohexadiene nor products of CC bond breaking were detected with the mass spectrometer. The blocking of Pt surface sites with coadsorbed Bi adatoms, which have only minor electronic influences on the Pt sites, showed that the rate constants for diffusion and dehydrogenation of cyclohexene on Pt(111) are considerably larger than that for desorption. As a consequence, the effective ensemble requirement for cyclohexene dehydrogenation is relatively small, especially compared to benzene and cyclohexane.
Contribution of changes in ubiquitin and myelin basic protein to age-related cognitive decline

The structural substrates for age-associated cognitive and motor slowing are not known, but age-related white matter changes, such as ubiquitin (UBQ)-immunoreactive granular degeneration of myelin, might contribute to this slowing. To address this hypothesis we measured immunoreactivity for UBQ and myelin basic protein (MBP) in frontal white matter of age-, sex- and postmortem interval-matched cases with no cognitive impairment (NCI; N=12), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N=14) and Alzheimer disease (AD; N=12). There were no significant correlations between UBQ in white matter and cognitive measures, but MBP was significantly lower in AD compared with NCI and MCI. MBP correlated with overall cognition as assessed by neuropsychological summary scores, as well as with timed cognitive tests and those that reflect frontal functions. An age-related decrease in MBP immunoreactivity was detected in NCI cases (r=0.71). These results support the hypothesis that white matter pathology may contribute to age-associated decline in cognition.
Design tools for computer-generated display of information to operators

Abstract More and more computers are being used to process and display information to operators who control nuclear power plants. Implementation of computer-generated displays in power plant control rooms represents a considerable design challenge for industry designers. Over the last several years, the Electric Power Research Institute has conducted research aimed at providing industry designers tools to meet this new design challenge. These tools provide guidance in defining more “intelligent” information for plant control and in developing effective displays to communicate this information to the operators.
THIN-SECTION PETROGRAPHY OF CONCRETE AGGREGATES: ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR PETROGRAPHIC NUMBER EVALUATION OF CARBONATE AGGREGATE SOUNDNESS

Traditional petrographic number (PN) ratings of concrete aggregates cannot work reliably in Florida because most of the state's rocks are too fine-grained for use of macroscopic petrographic evaluations. This study designed a thin-section approach to PN calculations, based on relevant carbonate rock components that can be seen easily in thin section. The primary lithologic features chosen to differentiate the carbonates are the types of allochems, the porosity type, the kind of cement or matrix, and any additional noncarbonate minerals. Ten sets of aggregate samples were examined (eight carbonate and two noncarbonate sets) to test the method and ranking of thin-section PN determination. Prior work with PN values showed that aggregates with PN values of less than 140 yield good field performance, 140 to 160 have fair to poor field performance, and those greater than 160 normally have poor performance. Results of the thin-section PN method found values for our samples ranging from 100 (an ideal aggregate) t...
Highly stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentanes bearing four stereocentres by a rhodium carbene-initiated domino sequence

Rhodium catalysts can be used for the generation of cyclopentanes with four stereogenic centres. Here, the authors study the origin of stereoselectivity across multiple steps, ultimately leading to a process displaying extremely high enantio- and diastereoselectivity.
Energy requirement for the initiation of colicin action in Escherichia coli.

Abstract 1. Starved cells of a strain of Escherichia coli and its mutant uncA, treated with colicin K, E2 or E3, remained fully rescuable upon trypsin treatment (stage I in colicin action). The transition to stage II in colicin action (cells no longer rescuable by trypsin) was promoted by the addition of either glucose or d -lactate. 2. Aerobically glucose-grown cells of the normal strain were irreversibly killed by colicin K, E2 or E3 under anaerobic conditions, while similarly treated cells of its mutant uncA remained fully rescuable. The stage I-stage II transition in colicin action was blocked in normal cells under anaerobic conditions when succinate was the sole carbon source. 3. Arsenate alone had little effect on the progression of the stage I-stage II transition in normal cells, treated with colicin K. However, this transition was abolished in the presence of both arsenate and anaerobic conditions. 4. The initiation of colicin action could be coupled to the anaerobic electron transfer systems formate dehydrogenase-nitrate reductase and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase-fumarate reductase. 5. These results indicate that an energized state of the cytoplasmic membrane is required for the initiation of colicin action and that no high-energy phosphorylated compounds are necessary.
Expanding application of the Boston type I keratoprosthesis due to advances in design and improved post-operative therapeutic strategies.

Purpose: To evaluate how the advances in design of the Boston type I keratoprosthesis and in the treatment strategies to conquer the post operative complications have expanded the indications and application of this technology.Methods: A review and analysis of the keratoprosthesis literature specifically examining design modifications, treatment of post operative complications, and patient selection was performed.Results: Over the past two decades, many modifications to the design of the Boston type I keratoprosthesis and treatment of the patient in the post operative period have occurred. Also, the technology has been more widely accepted as a primary surgical option for patients with a poor preoperative prognosis for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. The outcomes of visual acuity, retention, and post-operative infection rates have all significantly improved since the technology has been modified and offers patients an alternative for visual rehabilitation.Conclusions: Thanks to advances in design an...
Dendritic cells cross-presenting tumor-derived antigens are eliminated by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, impairing development of anti-tumor immunity to a mouse carcinoma.

Meeting abstracts iNKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that are rapidly activated in response to antigen and play a key role in promoting adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Surprisingly, we found that mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer CD8+ T cells inhibited spontaneous metastases in the absence of iNKT
Parent-adolescent involvement : The relative influence of parent gender and residence

The 1995 wave of the Add Health study is used to investigate the relative influence of parent gender and residence on patterns of parental involvement with adolescents. Adolescent reports (N = 17330) of shared activities shared communication and relationship quality with both biological parents are utilized. A multidimensional scaling analysis reveals that parent gender explains most of the variance in parent-adolescent involvement with residential status playing a secondary yet a fundamental role in accounting for these patterns. Resident mothers who do not live with adolescents biological fathers engage in the broadest range of activities with their children. Unpartnered resident fathers display patterns of parenting that are as similar to mothers as they are to other fathers. (authors)
Fluence and flux dependence of void formation in pure aluminum

Abstract Void formation in high purity aluminum resulting from irradiation to fluences between 1.5 × 1019 and 1.6×1022 neutrons/cm2 (E ⪢ 0.1 MeV) at a temperature of 55 ± 5°C was studied, primarily by means of transmission electron microscopy. Void size distribution curves were obtained for all fluences, and from these the mean void radius was found to increase in proportion to the irradiation time raised to the one-sixth power. The void concentration displayed a fluence dependence best described by a power law, N ~ (φt)a, in which the exponent decreased from 2.0 at 1019 neutrons/cm2 down to only 0.1 at 1022 neutrons/cm2. Treating the swelling with an analogous power relation, ΔV/V~(φt)b, a similar saturation effect was observed, with the fluence exponent b decreasing roughly from 5 2 to 1 2 over the range effluence studied. Increases in the microhardness of irradiated specimens were found to be consistent with an expression based upon void contributions to the impeding of dislocation motions. Irradiation at a factor-of-ten lower flux produced effects upon the void morphology (e.g., half as many but larger and more elongated voids) much like those resulting from irradiation at a higher temperature. In each case, the lowering of the vacancy supersaturation during irradiation is a consequence. When material degassed prior to irradiation was compared with similarly irradiated as-received material (containing 15–20 atomic ppm hydrogen), no difference in the void concentrations or sizes was evident. The experimental observations are compared with the current models for void formation. Two models most consistent with the experimental evidence both involve transmutation-produced helium playing a crucial role in void nucleation — one involving heliumstabilized spikes and the other small helium bubbles as the nuclei of voids.
Non-LTE spectral absorption coefficients for vibration-rotation bands of diatomic molecules

Abstract Analytical expressions have been derived for the average non-LTE spectral absorption coefficients and the associated spontaneous emission coefficients of fundamental vibration-rotation bands of anharmonic oscillators. Relatively simple differential expressions are provided for the important practical conditions under which the smeared-rotational-line approximation is applicable and for which at least individual rotational temperatures exist for each pair of vibrational levels of interest.
Sympathetic noradrenergic sprouting in response to central cholinergic denervation: A histochemical study of neuronal sprouting in the rat hippocampal formation

An unusual example of neuronal sprouting occurs in the rat brain. Several weeks after fimbrial transection or septal lesions, peripheral sympathetic fibers appear in the dentate and hippocampal gyri. We compared the distribution of normal cholinergic septohippocampal fibers and nerve terminals with the distribution of noradrenergic sympathetic (sympathohippocampal) fibers after septal lesions using anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescence histochemistry. In addition, we destroyed other afferents to the hippocampal formation and examined the effect of subtotal septal lesions on acetylcholinesterase staining and the distribution of sympathohippocampal fibers. The combined results of these experiments suggest that peripheral noradrenergic fibers sprout specifically in response to destruction of central cholinergic fibers after septal lesions. This appears to be the first model of neuronal sprouting in the central nervous system where one identified transmitter system (noradrenergic) sprouts only in response to, and perhaps to replace, another specific transmitter system (cholinergic).
Are Topical Corticosteroids Useful Adjunctive Therapy for the Treatment of Psoriasis With Ultraviolet Radiation?: A Review of the Literature

• Adjunctive topical corticosteroids are often administered with UV-B phototherapy or oral psoralen plus UV-A (PUVA) photochemotherapy for the treatment of psoriasis. Five studies comparing PUVA alone with PUVA and topical corticosteroid preparations showed more rapid rates of clearing and a smaller total UV-A exposure with the latter regimen. However, one study demonstrated a higher relapse rate in association with corticosteroid use. Further studies to better define these risks are recommended. Six of seven reports evaluating the use of topical corticosteroid preparations with UV-B phototherapy failed to demonstrate an advantage to this regimen when compared with UV-B phototherapy alone. Therefore, the use of a topical corticosteroid preparation with UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of psoriasis is not recommended. ( Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:1708-1713)
Growing perfect quasicrystals.

We present an approach for aggregating Penrose tiles to form a defect-free, 2D pentagonal quasicrystal tiling. Contrary to conventional wisdom, defect-free quasiperiodic tilings can be constructed by use of local rules alone. The results provide new insights as to how materials with only short-range atomic interactions can grow large, nearly perfect quasicrystal grains.
MPEG coding for variable bit rate video transmission

For real-time transmission of broadcast-quality video on ATM-based B-ISDN, the intraframe to interframe ratio and the quantizer scale are two key parameters that can be used to control a video source in a network environment. Their impact on the traffic characteristics of the coder provides insights into the cell arrival process for an MPEG source. The authors obtain video source models for coders that utilize a standard algorithm that can be applied to a multitude of video services. The output stream of a video coder, which complies with the Motion Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) coding standard, is studied with an National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) quality video sequence as the input. Because the MPEG video coding algorithm has been proposed for a variety of applications, they also investigate the effect of changing the coding parameters on the statistics of interest. >
The influences of partner accuracy and partner memory ability on social false memories.

In this study, we examined whether increasing the proportion of false information suggested by a confederate would influence the magnitude of socially introduced false memories in the social contagion paradigm Roediger, Meade, & Bergman (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 8:365–371, 2001). One participant and one confederate collaboratively recalled items from previously studied household scenes. During collaboration, the confederate interjected 0 %, 33 %, 66 %, or 100 % false items. On subsequent individual-recall tests across three experiments, participants were just as likely to incorporate misleading suggestions from a partner who was mostly accurate (33 % incorrect) as they were from a partner who was not at all accurate (100 % incorrect). Even when participants witnessed firsthand that their partner had a very poor memory on a related memory task, they were still as likely to incorporate the confederate’s entirely misleading suggestions on subsequent recall and recognition tests (Exp. 2). Only when participants witnessed firsthand that their partner had a very poor memory on a practice test of the experimental task itself were they able to reduce false memory, and this reduction occurred selectively on a subsequent individual recognition test (Exp. 3). These data demonstrate that participants do not always consider their partners’ memory ability when working on collaborative memory tasks.
Asymptotic theorems for estimating the distribution function under random truncation

Representation theorem and local asymptotic minimax theorem are derived for nonparametric estimators of the distribution function on the basis of randomly truncated data. The convolution-type representation theorem asserts that the limiting process of any regular estimator of the distribution function is at least as dispersed as the limiting process of the product-limit estimator. The theorems are similar to those results for the complete data case due to Beran (1977, Ann. Statist., 5, 400–404) and for the censored data case due to Wellner (1982, Ann. Statist., 10, 595–602). Both likelihood and functional approaches are considered and the proofs rely on the method of Begun et al. (1983, Ann. Statist., 11, 432–452) with slight modifications.
Using a Participatory Culture-Specific Model to Increase the Effectiveness of Social Justice Courses in School Psychology

The Participatory Culture-Specific Model of Course Development (PCSMCD), adapted from the Participatory Culture-Specific Intervention Model, is a proposed framework to address challenges to social justice education by addressing the following four course variables: instructor characteristics, instructor experiences, student characteristics, and student experiences. This article proposes a new model through which qualitative and survey culture-specific data related to the 4 variables are collected at the onset of the course and incorporated into every phase of course development and implementation. Obtaining and utilizing data about student and instructor characteristics and experiences facilitates both culture specificity and ensure that the course content and process are both appropriate and acceptable for students and instructors. This article proposes the 10-phase PCSMCD as it would look during course development and implementation, and provides social justice resources and activities specific to schoo...
Cooperative N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism and μ-opioid receptor agonism mediate the methadone inhibition of the spinal neuron pain-related hyperactivity in a rat model of neuropathic pain

Methadone (Racemic methadone) exerts its antinociceptive effect by activation of mu-opioid receptors and/or blockade of NMDA receptors. The aim of this study is to determine whether the methadone analgesic effect on neuropathic pain is achieved only by the agonism of the mu-opioid receptors or cooperatively with the antagonism of the NMDA receptors. To this purpose, in rats with neuropathic pain model of chronic constriction of one sciatic nerve (CCI rats), we administered methadone before or after opioid receptor blockade with naloxone and checked its effects on the spinal Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) neuron dynamics in three experimental conditions: on the spontaneous and noxious evoked neuronal activities in control rats (sham operated and naive); on iontophoretic NMDA induced neuronal hyperactivity in intact rats; on pain-related spontaneous and noxious evoked hyperactivities in CCI rats. The results, as from the spike-frequency analysis, show that: (i) in control rats, methadone inhibits the noxious evoked neuronal activity and naloxone prevents or reverses about 94% of methadone inhibitory effect; (ii) in intact rats, pretreated with naloxone, methadone reduces the NMDA induced neuronal hyperactivity; (iii) in CCI rats, methadone inhibits the neuronal spontaneous and noxious evoked hyperactivities, and naloxone prevents or reverses about 60% of methadone inhibitory effect. These findings allow to conclude that methadone inhibition of the noxious evoked activity in normal rats is achieved predominantly through the agonism of the mu-opioid receptors, while the inhibition of the pain-related hyperactivity in rats with signs of neuropathic pain (CCI rats), involves also the NMDA receptors antagonism.
Prolonged Activation of c-fos and Optimal Activation of Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA after Repeated Morphine Exposure in SH-SY5Y Cells

The time course of change in the mRNA concentrations of the proto-oncogene c-fos and pro-opiomelanocortin after two different methods of morphine treatment was examined in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. In a repeated treatment design, SH-SY5Y cells exposed to morphine sulfate (MS) for 12 h or more were periodically given fresh morphine (10 or 1 muM). In a single-dose design, 10 muM MS was added to the flasks at designated times without changing the medium. Slot-blotting hybridization analysis of total cellular RNA using a [(32)P]-fos cDNA probe revealed that repeated morphine treatment caused both an early transient induction of c-fos and a later prolonged increase in c-fos. Single treatment with morphine caused only a transient and rapid induction of c-fos. Slot-blotting hybridization with a [(32)P]-POMC cRNA probe revealed that POMC mRNA was significantly activated at 6 h and remained significantly elevated up to 7 days in the cells with repeated morphine treatment. In the single-dose experiments, however, the POMC mRNA was not significantly elevated at 2 days or less. It was significantly activated at 6 days, but at a much lower level than that seen in the repeated-dose design. These results indicate that repeated exposure to morphine induces a prolonged activation of c-fos mRNA which may be functionally related to the significant activation of POMC mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells.
Processing of ocean wave data from a synthetic aperture radar

The usual operation of a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) assumes that the sensor platform moves at a constant velocity along a straight line and that objects to be imaged are stationary. Moving ocean waves perturb the Doppler frequencies in the SAR phase histories, and when processed in a conventional manner, they produce images of waves that are dispersed and thus defocused in the azimuth (along-track) direction. This defocusing can be compensated in the processor by readjusting the azimuth focus by an amount proportional to the velocity of the wave. The relationship among the parameters of the radar system, the SAR processor, and the relative target velocity is, theoretically determined for radars that operate at both X- and L-band frequencies. Experimental observations support these calculations. The effect of varying spectrum sampling, range focus, and number of coherent averages or looks is also observed.
Qualified and trained sonographers in the US can perform early fetal anatomy scans between 11 and 14 weeks.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which normal fetal anatomy can be detected between 11- and 14-week scan by sonographers in the US. Study design In a prospective cross-sectional study, 223 unselected women underwent a detailed assessment of fetal anatomy at 11 to 13 and 6/7 weeks by sonographers with transabdominal and/or transvaginal transducers. Thirty-seven structures were examined. Two groups were identified: group I: 121 patients between 11 and 12 weeks, and group II: 102 patients between 13 and 14 weeks. Results Structures other than the posterior fossa, heart, genitalia, and the sacral spine were seen between 64% to 99% for group I, and 72% to 98% for group II. The following structures were detected with statistically significantly higher rates in group II compared with group I: cerebellum, posterior fossa, face, 4-chamber view left ventricular outflow tract, aortic arch, ductal arch, kidneys, and genitalia. Comparing the patients of group I and group II, the transvaginal scans yielded a higher detection rate of structures than do the transabdominal scans. Conclusion Anatomic surveys between 11 and 14 weeks can be performed by sonographers with good detection rates of most structures. Using the vaginal probe compared with the abdominal probe improved the detection rate at 13 to 14 weeks as well as 11 to 12 weeks. If early fetal structure evaluation is to become customary in the US, the present practice of experienced and trained sonographers to scan such patients can be maintained.
Determination of Reserpine in Plasma Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining reserpine in plasma has been developed. The procedure involves extraction of reserpine from buffered plasma into benzene, oxidation of reserpine to a fluorophor by treatment with vanadium pentoxide in phosphoric acid, and chromatographic separation of the reserpine fluorophor on an octadecylsilane column by ion-pairing with heptanesulfonate ions. Fluorescence monitoring of the column effluent provides high sensitivity of detection and increases the specificity of the procedure. A detection limit of approximately 100 pg of reserpine per ml of plasma was obtained following analysis of 2 ml samples. Analysis of a number of samples demonstrated the applicability of this method in confirming the presence of reserpine in equine plasma specimens collected at various horse shows and in evaluating the pharmacokinetic behavior of reserpine following intramuscular administration to horses.
Task performance of black and white children across levels of presentation variability.

Abstract This study is an examination of the task performance patterns of Black and White, working and middle-class American children across a nonvaried and a varied presentation format condition; the relation of such patterns to activity levels in the home and to standardized achievement was also examined. Performance was better under the varied than the nonvaried format condition. This pattern held for all ethnic group/class combinations with the exception of Black middle-class children, for whom performance under the two conditions was virtually identical. Moreover, Black children, especially Black working-class children, reported greater home activity levels than did their White counterparts. Neither home activity level nor achievement was functionally related to patterns of performance.
Mechanism of interferon action Properties of an interferon-mediated ribonucleolytic activity from mouse L9z9 cells

Abstract The biochemical properties of an interferon-mediated ribonucleolytic activity isolated from mouse L 929 fibroblast cells were investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) The interferon-mediated nucleolytic activity was present in active form in interferontreated mouse L 9219 cells. Bio-Gel P150 column fractions that contained the activated nuclease also contained a low molecular weight phosphorylated component (⩾ 3500) labeled with [ 32 P]ATP (Eppstein and Samuel, 1977) . A cryptic nucleolytic activity present in untreated L 929 cell-free extracts was activated by a low molecular weight effector molecule synthesized in the presence of double-stranded RNA and ATP by an enzyme preparation isolated from interferon-treated but not untreated cells. (2) The interferon-mediated nucleolytic activity was optimal at pH values between 6.0 and 6.5. Potassium chloride stimulated the enzymic reaction with maximal activity near 100 m M KCl; high KCI concentrations (⩾ 300 m M ) inhibited activity by ⩾ 90%. Magnesium as Mg(OAc) 2 was inhibitory at all concentrations tested. (3) Reovirus messenger RNA (mRNA) was degraded more efficiently per μg RNA than either poly (A)-containing mouse cellular RNA or synthetic polyuridylate RNA by the interferon-mediated nucleolytic activity. Thus, the sensitivity of various single-stranded RNAs to degradation catalyzed by the interferonmediated nucleolytic activity correlates with the selectivity of translation inhibition characteristic of interferon-treated intact cells and some cell-free extracts. (4) The interferonmediated degradation of reovirus mRNA was impaired by bulk transfer RNA from mouse ascites cells. There was no detectable reduction in the 4 S size-class of the transfer RNA, but leucine-accepting activity of the tRNA was slightly impaired. (5) Leucine incorporation in response to exogenously added reovirus mRNA catalyzed by a cell-free protein synthesizing system prepared from mouse ascites tumor cells proceeds at comparable rates for 10 to 15 min in the presence and absence of the interferon-activated nuclease; thereafter, incorporation proceeds at a progressively lower rate in the presence of the activated nuclease. These results suggest that interferon treatment mediates the activation, through a low molecular weight effector molecule, of a nucleolytic activity. This nucleolytic activity may account, in part, for the reduction in accumulation of virus-specific RNA and the inhibition of protein synthesis observed in some interferon-treated cells and cell-free extracts.
Platelet factor 3: Quantitation and characterization

Abstract Platelet factor 3, isolated according to the method of Alkjaersig et al. (1), was heterogenous on 4% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Procoagulant activity was lost after five days at 4°C. Optimal stability was at pH 7.2–8.3. The product contained 38% protein, 49% lipid and 8% carbohydrate. Activity was destroyed by phospholipases A, C and D, and trypsin. Delipidation of platelet factor 3 with sec-butyl alcohol or ethanol resulted in loss of all procoagulant activity. Recombination of the protein residue with the lipid extract restored 80% of the procoagulant activity if sec-butyl alcohol was used and 44% using absolute ethanol. Platelet factor 3 activated human prothrombin complex more rapidly than crude cephalin, which was inactive in the platelet factor 3 assay. Attempts to purify the protein components and maintain procoagulant activity have been limited by instability in deoxycholate, SDS and Triton.
A Qualitative Study of the Supports Women Find Most Beneficial When Dealing with a Spouse’s Sexually Addictive or Compulsive Behaviors: Insights for Pastoral Counselors and Clergy

There is currently a void in the literature regarding the kinds of support women find most beneficial when dealing with a spouse’s sexually addictive or compulsive behaviors. Addressing this void is particularly relevant for clergy, seeing as they are increasingly sought out as an initial and/or primary support for dealing with this marital issue. Using grounded theory methodology, 22 women from Canada and the USA were interviewed to find out what they found most helpful as they sought support to cope with a spouse’s sexually addictive and compulsive behaviors. Insights for pastoral counselors and clergy were highlighted.
The binding sites of the two monoclonal immunoglobulin As J539 and W3129. Thermodynamic mapping of a groove- and a cavity-type immunoglobulin, both having antipolysaccharide specificity.

Abstract The binding of anti-galactan IgA J539, and anti-dextran IgA W3129 has been studied with a number of galactose- and glucose-containing ligands, respectively, at different temperatures. In both cases, enthalpies are negative, with W3129 having the more negative values. For the higher oligosaccharides the entropy change is small in the case of J539 binding, and large (negative) in the case of W3129 binding. This is in agreement with an interpretation offered previously: namely, that J539 has a groove-type combining region and W3129 has a cavity-type one.
Steady, structured shock waves in a viscoelastic solid of differential type

Abstract The structure of steady shocks in one-dimensional motion of a viscoelastic solid of differential type and complexity 2 is studied by first showing that the supersonic-subsonic property must hold if shocks are to exist. The governing equations for steady waves are investigated by Lyapunov methods in a suitable phase plane. Both monotone and oscillating shock structure are shown to be possible for the model equations. An example based on the properties of 6061-T6 Aluminum is given, predicting the required relations among the microstructural model parameters in order that the different behaviors may occur.
Sympathetic nerve activity and simulated diving in healthy humans

The goal of our study was to develop a simple and practical method for simulating diving in humans using facial cold exposure and apnea stimuli to measure neural and circulatory responses during the stimulated diving reflex. We hypothesized that responses to simultaneous facial cold exposure and apnea (simulated diving) would be synergistic, exceeding the sum of responses to individual stimuli. We studied 56 volunteers (24 female and 32 male), average age of 39 years. All subjects were healthy, free of cardiovascular and other diseases, and on no medications. Although muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure, and vascular resistance increased markedly during both early and late phases of simulated diving, significant reductions in heart rate were observed only during the late phase. Total MSNA during simulated diving was greater than combined MSNA responses to the individual stimuli. We found that simulated diving is a powerful stimulus to sympathetic nerve traffic with significant bradycardia evident in the late phase of diving and eliciting synergistic sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. Our data provide insight into autonomic triggers that could help explain catastrophic cardiovascular events that may occur during asphyxia or swimming, such as in patients with obstructive sleep apnea or congenital long QT syndrome.
Global stability and local stability of Hopfield neural networks with delays.

It is well known that Hopfield neural networks without delays exhibit no oscillations and possess global stability (i.e., all trajectories tend to some equilibrium). In the present paper we show that if the bound \ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\parallel}${\mathit{T}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\parallel}1 is satisfied, then a corresponding Hopfield neural network with delays \ensuremath{\tau}g0, interconnection matrix ${\mathit{T}}_{2}$ associated with delays, and gain of the neurons given by \ensuremath{\beta}, will exhibit similar qualitative properties as the original Hopfield neural network without delays (\ensuremath{\parallel}${\mathit{T}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\parallel} denotes the matrix norm induced by the Euclidean vector norm). Specifically, we show that if the above bound is satisfied, then a Hopfield neural network without delays and a corresponding Hopfield neural network with delays will have identical asymptotically stable equilibria, and both networks are globally stable. In addition to the above, we provide in the present paper an effective method of determining the asymptotic stability of an equilibrium of a Hopfield neural network with delays, assuming that the above bound is satisfied. Our results are consistent with the results reported by Marcus and Westervelt [Phys. Rev. A 39, 347 (1989)]. Specifically, the present results, all of which are obtained by rigorous proof, give support to these results, which are based on linearization arguments, numerical simulations, and experimental results.
The Dreyfus affair and Polish-Jewish interaction, 1890–1914

...from France...there come to us not only fashions, but also opinions, not only women's hats, skirts and wine...but discoveries, slogans, even feelings...Those social currents, which for decades had been developing in France appear today in our society, reproduced, although in a somewhat paler and less graceful form, as things "totally new" or "the completely novel manifestations of our national genius." That which is taking place today in France will appear among us in a few years, or even sooner, but in a rough, caricatured version... Boleslaw Prus, "Kronika tygodniowa," Kurjer Codzienny, 10 February 1901
Social or Task-Related Motives? Increasing Employees' Knowledge Sharing and Creativity

I examined whether and how motivational orientations in the social domain (conceptualized as status striving and communion striving) and in the task domain (conceptualized as achievement striving) predict two types of discretionary behaviors: knowledge sharing and creativity. Data collected from full-time employees confirmed the positive relationship between achievement striving (but not the other motives) and employees' creativity. As predicted, social motivations displayed an interactive effect: employees with high levels of communion striving had a greater propensity to share their knowledge when they were also high in status striving.
The Impact of Cross-Racial Voting on St. Louis Primary Election Results

The results of the 1993 mayoral Democratic primary and 1992 circuit attorney Democratic primary elections in St. Louis city provide the context in which to examine the racial composition of voters for black and white candidates. Information from the 1990 census is matched to the latest voting precinct geography, creating an aggregate data set on which regression analysis is used to compare votes for leading black candidates with votes for leading white candidates in these two elections. The authors' analysis indicates a willingness on the part of both racial subpopulations to ignore the race of the candidate. They conclude that election winners would have been different had cross-racial voting not occurred.
Perceptions of local health care quality in 7 rural communities with telemedicine.

Context Rural health services are difficult to maintain because of low patient volumes, limited numbers of providers, and unfavorable economies of scale. Rural patients may perceive poor quality in local health care, directly impacting the sustainability of local health care services. Purpose This study examines perceptions of local health care quality in 7 rural, underserved communities where telemedicine was implemented. This study also assesses factors associated with travel outside of local communities for health care services. Methods Community-based pretelemedicine and posttelemedicine random telephone surveys were conducted in 7 northern California rural communities assessing local residents' perceptions of health care quality and the frequency of travel outside their community for health care services. Five-hundred rural residents were interviewed in each of the pretelemedicine and posttelemedicine surveys. Between surveys, telemedicine services were made available in each of the communities. Findings Residents aware of telemedicine services in their community had a significantly higher opinion of local health care quality (P =.002). Satisfaction with telemedicine was rated high by both rural providers and patients. Residents with lower opinions of local health care quality were more likely to have traveled out of their community for medical care services (P =.014). Conclusions The introduction of telemedicine into rural communities is associated with increases in the local communities' perception of local health care quality. Therefore, is it possible that telemedicine may result in a decrease in the desire and need for local patients to travel outside of their community for health care services.
Plate Tectonic Evolution of Caribbean–Gulf of Mexico Region

A geotectonic history of the American Mediterranean is presented in terms of plate tectonics. The development of this region is presented as seven time sequence reconstructions from past Palaeozoic to present times.
Analysis of constituent redistribution in the γ (bcc) U–Pu–Zr alloys under gradients of temperature and concentrations

Abstract Rods of a ternary alloy (71U–19Pu–10Zr by weight percent) were annealed under a temperature gradient of 220°C/cm for 41 days and examined for micro-structural development and compositional redistribution. An enrichment of Zr with concurrent depletion of U was observed within the γ (bcc) phase region on the hot-end side (T≅740°C). The experimental redistribution of the elements in the γ (bcc) phase was analyzed in the framework of multicomponent mass transport with due consideration of thermotransport and ternary diffusional interactions. Based on a new analysis involving an integration of interdiffusion fluxes in the diffusion zone, kinetic parameters related to the thermotransport and ternary interdiffusion were calculated for each component i over selected ranges of composition. The thermotransport coefficients of U, Pu, and Zr were in the approximate ratio of 1:2:−4.5 in the hot-end region. In addition, the interdiffusion flux contributions arising from the gradients of temperature and concentrations of U and Zr were estimated.
Effect of Liquid and Gas Velocities on Magnitude and Location of Maximum Erosion in U-Bend

Solid particle erosion is a micromechanical process that is influenced by flow geometry, material of the impacting surface, impact angle, particle size and shape, particle velocity, flow condition and fluid properties. Among the various factors, particle size and velocity have been considered to be the most important parameters that cause erosion. Particle size and velocity are influenced by surrounding flow velocities and carrying fluid properties. Higher erosion rates have been observed in gas-solid flow in geometries where the flow direction changes rapidly, such as elbows, tees, valves, etc, due to local turbulence and unsteady flow behaviors. This paper presents the results of a Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of dilute gas-solid flow through a U-Bend and the dynamics behavior of entrained solid particles in the flow. The effect of liquid and gas velocities on location of erosion were investigated for 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 microns sand particles. Three different fluid velocities of 15, 30.48 and 45 m/s were used in the CFD analysis. The magnitude and location of erosion presented in the paper can be used to determine the areas susceptible to maximum erosive wear in elbows and U-bends, along with corresponding rate of metal loss in these areas.