cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding Schizophrenia: Toward a Unified Biological and Psychodynamic Approach

AbstractDespite the advent of the neuroleptic drugs in the 1950s, schizophrenia continues to cause widespread economic burden and disability. Various psychoanalytic scholars have offered theories of schizophrenia as a mental illness, and research has consistently demonstrated psychotherapy’s effectiveness as a component of schizophrenia treatment. The contributions of the late Italian-American psychiatrist Silvano Arieti are reviewed here as an example of a unified biological and psychodynamic approach to schizophrenia. Clinical techniques for working analytically with schizophrenia patients are reviewed. Implications of an integrated approach to the disorder are discussed within the current climate of mental health.
A Crossbar-Based In-Memory Computing Architecture

To address the von Neumann bottleneck that leads to both energy and speed degradations, in-memory processing architectures have been proposed as a promising alternative for future computing applications. In this paper, we present an in-memory computing system based on resistive random-access memory (RRAM) crossbar arrays that is reconfigurable and can potentially perform parallel and general computing tasks. The system consists of small look-up tables (LUTs), a memory block, and two search auxiliary blocks, all implemented in the same RRAM crossbar array. External data access and data conversions are eliminated to allow operations fully in-memory. Details of addition, AND logic and multiplication operations are discussed on the basis of search and writeback steps. A compact instruction set consisting of 10 instructions is demonstrated on this architecture through circuit level simulations. Performance evaluations show that the proposed in-memory computing architecture is suitable for handling data-intensive problems. The average power consumption of the crossbar chip is estimated to be $45~\mu \text{W}$ .
Social Media Effects: Hijacking Democracy and Civility in Civic Engagement

Perceived as an equalizing force for disenfranchised individuals without a voice, the importance of social networks as agents of change cannot be ignored. However, in some societies, social networks have evolved into a platform for fake news and propaganda, empowering disruptive voices, ideologies, and messages. Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google hold the potential to alter civic engagement, thus essentially hijacking democracy, by influencing individuals toward a particular way of thinking.
No Straight Path: Becoming Women Historians, by Elizabeth Jacoway: Louisiana State UP, 2019.

Historians search the archives to piece together evidence as they reconstruct other people’s stories, hoping to shed some light on the intricacies of human relationships their effects on various co...
A longitudinal cadaver-based simulation curriculum creates sustainable increases in resident confidence and exposure to fundamental techniques: Results of a 5-year program evaluation.

Abstract Introduction For the past five years, our surgical residency program has led a cadaver-based simulation course focused on fundamental surgical maneuvers. This study aimed to quantify the impact of this course on resident exposure to surgical skills and longitudinal impact on resident education. Methods General surgery residents participated in an annual cadaver-based simulation curriculum. Participants completed surveys regarding improvements in knowledge and confidence; these results were stratified between course iterations (P1: 2 years, 2014–15; P2: 3 years, 2016–2018). Results Residents reported a sustained increase in knowledge of anatomy and technical dissection, confidence in performing operative skills independently, and exposure to operative skills that were otherwise not encountered in clinical rotations. Junior residents demonstrated an increase in gaining skills they would otherwise not achieve (87% vs. 98%, p = 0.028) and confidence to safely perform these procedures in the clinical setting (94% vs. 100%, p = 0.077). Conclusion This annual, longitudinal cadaver-based skills course focused on fundamental maneuvers demonstrates a sustained impact in resident and faculty surgical confidence in resident’s operative skills as a component of a longitudinal simulation curriculum to enhance competency-based promotion.
STEPWISE FILTER CORRELATION METHOD AND EVIDENCE OF SUPERPOSED VARIABILITY COMPONENTS IN GAMMA-RAY BURST PROMPT EMISSION LIGHT CURVES

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have variable light curves. Although most models attribute the observed variability to one physical origin (e.g., central engine activity, clumpy circumburst medium, or relativistic turbulence), some models invoke two physically distinct variability components. We develop a method, namely, the stepwise filter correlation method, to decompose the variability components in a GRB light curve. Based on a low-pass filter technique, we progressively filter the high-frequency signals from the light curve, and then perform a correlation analysis between each adjunct pair of filtered light curves. Our simulations suggest that if a mock light curve contains a “slow” variability component superposed on a rapidly varying time sequence, the correlation coefficient as a function of the filter frequency would display a prominent “dip” feature around the frequency of the slow component. Through simulations, we demonstrate that this method can identify significant clustering structures of a light curve in the frequency domain, and we prove that it can catch superposed signals that are otherwise not easy to retrieve based on other methods (e.g., the power density spectrum analysis method). We apply this method to 266 Burst and Transient Source Experiment bright GRBs. We find that the majority of the bursts have clear evidence of such a superposition effect. We perform a statistical analysis of the identified variability components and discuss the implications for GRB physics. Key word: gamma-ray burst: general Online-only material: color figures
Reassessing the Property Tax

The property tax is the single largest source of revenue for American local governments. It is designed to be an ad valorem tax. The fairness and accuracy of the tax hinges on the quality of property valuation by local assessors. Using data from millions of residential real estate transactions, this paper shows that assessments are typically regressive, with low-priced properties being assessed at a higher value, relative to their actual sale price, than are high-priced properties. Within a jurisdiction, homes in the bottom decile of sale price face an assessment level, as a proportion of price, that is twice as high as that faced by homes in the top decile, on average. As a result, the property tax disproportionately burdens owners of less valuable homes. Such regressivity is evident throughout the US. This result cannot be explained by measurement error in sale prices, or by explicit policy choices, such as assessment limits. Rather, regressivity appears to result from limitations in the data and methods used in assessment.
Regulation of Rac1 transcription by histone and DNA methylation in diabetic retinopathy

Cytosolic ROS, generated by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) in diabetes, damage retinal mitochondria, which leads to the development of retinopathy. A small molecular weight G-protein essential for Nox2 activation, Rac1, is also transcriptionally activated via active DNA methylation-hydroxymethylation. DNA methylation is a dynamic process, and can also be regulated by histone modifications; diabetes alters retinal histone methylation machinery. Our aim is to investigate the role of histone methylation (H3K9me3) of Rac1 promoter in dynamic DNA methylation- transcriptional activation. Using human retinal endothelial cells in 20 mM D-glucose, H3K9me3 at Rac1 promoter was quantified by chromatin-Immunoprecipitation technique. Crosstalk between H3K9me3 and DNA methylation was examined in cells transfected with siRNA of histone trimethyl-transferase, Suv39H1, or Dnmt1, exposed to high glucose. Key parameters were confirmed in retinal microvessels from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, with intravitreally administered Suv39H1-siRNA or Dnmt1-siRNA. Compared to cells in normal glucose, high glucose increased H3K9me3 and Suv39H1 binding at Rac1 promoter, and Suv39H1-siRNA prevented glucose-induced increase 5 hydroxy methyl cytosine (5hmC) and Rac1 mRNA. Similarly, in diabetic mice, Suv39H1-siRNA attenuated increase in 5hmC and Rac1 mRNA. Thus, H3K9me3 at Rac1 promoter assists in active DNA methylation-hydroxymethylation, activating Rac1 transcription. Regulation of Suv39H1-H3K9 trimethylation could prevent further epigenetic modifications, and prevent diabetic retinopathy.
Comparison of inflammatory markers as moderators of depression outcomes: A CO-MED study.

Abstract Background Prior work suggests some individual immunomarkers may be useful moderators of treatment response between antidepressant medications. The relative moderating effect of individual immunomarkers remains unclear. It is also unknown whether combinations of immunomarkers have a superior moderating effect compared to any individual immunomarker. Methods Baseline immunomarker levels were assayed using multiplex from a subset of participants in the CO-MED trial (n = 143). Individual and combinations of 19 immunomarkers were modeled as moderators between the three treatment arms (escitalopram monotherapy, escitalopram-bupropion and venlafaxine-mirtazapine) across a variety of depression outcomes. Results Only IL-13 demonstrated a consistent moderating effect across all depression outcome measures. High IL-13 (>20 pg/ml) was associated with higher remission rates to bupropion-escitalopram (67%) versus escitalopram (24%) whereas low IL-13 was associated higher remission rates to escitalopram (59%) versus bupropion-escitalopram (38%). A similar, but weaker moderating effect was observed with venlafaxine-mirtazapine versus escitalopram. The addition of multiple immunomarkers did not consistently improve predictive modeling. Limitations This is a secondary analysis of a single clinical trial with a relatively small sample size per treatment arm. The testing of specific individual and combinations of biomarkers was data-driven. Conclusions Among 19 immunomarkers, Il-13 was the best single moderator of treatment outcome. Combinations of immunomarkers were not meaningfully superior to Il-13.
Shared Intent in a Collapsing Empire: Pan-Turkism as Mens Rea Evidence of Genocide Against Distinct Populations in the Late Ottoman Period

Several mass atrocities were perpetrated by the government against distinct non-Muslim populations during the waning days of the Ottoman Empire. These occurred against the backdrop of Pan-Turkism – an aspect of the Young Turk Movement through the infamous Committee of Union and Progress, which began as a constitutional reform coalition seeking to curtail the absolute power of the sultan but progressively morphed into a replacement government stripped of its originally liberal democratic leanings. By promoting Turkishness over and above aities within the multi-ethnic empire, Pan-Turkism assumed many forms throughout this progression, including discrimination, persecution, exclusion, and ultimately, extermination. Which form it took depended on the context in which it was expressed (when, where, against whom, and by whom). This enquiry studies several instances of mass killings against non-Turks during the rise of the Young Turks and their consolidation of power within the collapsing Ottoman Empire to determine whether those atrocities qualify as genocide by in turn determining whether the associated expression of Pan-Turkism qualified as specific intent. In other words, can specific intent to commit genocide be inferred in the context of a movement that seeks to exclude rival populations?
New Directions in Labor Economics and Industrial Relations

(1982). New Directions in Labor Economics and Industrial Relations. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 916-919.
Behavioral Effects of Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones in Animals and Men

Publisher Summary This chapter mentions preliminary work accomplished in both the clinic and the laboratory. Presently, this work is engaged on two fronts. The first is clinical empiricism, wherein positive, null, or untoward effects of one or another hormone in one or another condition suggest a trial of the hormone in another condition or of some other hormone in the same condition. The other front is the laboratory quest for mechanisms. Hypothalamic polypeptide releasing factors and release inhibiting factors appear to exert effects on brain other than their effects on the pituitary gland. These brain effects may have direct behavioral consequences. The exploitation of these properties of hypothalamic hormones for the treatment of illness has hardly begun. The chapter is astonished to find that the apparent benefits of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) are not specific to a single diagnostic group. TRH is a hormone, not a drug. It probably influences a variety of functions, the alteration of which have behavioral consequences that can reasonably be regarded as improvement, or aggravation, in any diagnostic entity in which that function is involved. The effects of TRH are not diagnosis specific, but neither are behavioral deficits.
Measurement signal selection and a simultaneous state and input observer

An observer that can simultaneously identify the state variables and inputs of a linear time-invariant system from outputs (measurements) and their first derivatives is derived. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the observer are also derived. These conditions provide the basis for a design procedure to choose the minimum set of measurements necessary to observe the behavior of a system with unknown inputs. The technique can also provide a set of measurement signals that decrease the noise effects on the estimated result. An example is used to illustrate the design procedure. Simulation is used to demonstrate that the observer works well, even in the presence of measurement noise. The measurement signal selection technique can be utilized with other estimation methods such as various deconvolution techniques, which do not provide any criteria for measurement selection. Application of this observer to machine diagnostics is discussed.
Large deviations and the generalized processor sharing scheduling for a multiple-queue system

We establish asymptotic upper and lower bounds on the asymptotic decay rate of per-session queue length tail distributions for a multiple-queue system where a single constant rate server services the queues using the generalized processor sharing (GPS) scheduling discipline. In the special case where there are only two queues, the upper and lower bounds match, yielding the optimal bound proved in l15r. The dynamics of bandwidth sharing of a multiple-queue GPS system is captured using the notion of partial feasible sets, and the bounds are obtained using the sample-path large deviation principle. The results have implications in call admission control for high-speed communication networks.
Unifying livability and comparison theory : Cross-national time-series analysis of life-satisfaction

The two major theories of QOL judgment – livability and comparison theories – are tested. The first states that only absolute level of objective variables will affect QOL, whereas the second states that only differences in objective variables will. A 25-year, 8-nation database was developed that allows more powerful tests than previous research. Consistent with previous studies and with livability theory, absolute level of GDP/person had the largest effect on life-satisfaction. Contrary to previous research, a reliable effect was also found for differences in GDP/person and the consumer price index. The length of these effects is 9 or 10 quarters. That is, consumers take into account changes as far back as 2 or 2 1/2 years, in addition to their absolute level of GDP/person.
A Brainstem Network Mediating Apneic Reflexes in the Rat

Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for mediating these reflexes. However, in our earlier study of apneic responses produced by glutamate stimulation in the dorsolateral pons, we found that apnea was elicited from the area just ventral to the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, rather than within it. Because this region was not known to be involved in respiratory control, we combined chemical microstimulation with both anterograde and retrograde axonal tracing to characterize the sites in the pons that produce apneic responses. We found that apneic sites were consistently associated with the intertrigeminal region, between the principal sensory and motor trigeminal nuclei. Injections of anterograde tracer at these sites labeled terminals in the ventral respiratory group, in the ventrolateral medulla. Injection of retrograde tracer into this target region in the ventrolateral medulla disclosed a previously unrecognized population of neurons among the trigeminal motor rootlets. Injection of retrograde tracer into this intertrigeminal region demonstrated inputs from portions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract that have been associated with producing sensory apnea. Our observations suggest that the intertrigeminal region receives a convergence of sensory inputs capable of driving apneic responses and that it may represent a common link between input from different portions of the airway and the respiratory neurons that mediate apneic reflexes.
Proteins of the thermophilic fungus Humicola lanuginosa: II. Some physicochemical properties of a cytochrome c

Abstract A cytochrome c from Humicola lanuginosa is unique among eukaryotic cytochromes c in having phenylalanine as Residue 74. This protein has certain properties which differ from those of other cytochromes c to which it is generally similar. The Humicola cytochrome c is as stable as horse heart cytochrome c in urea, but more stable than both horse heart and yeast cytochromes c in acidic and alkaline conditions. Spectrophotometric titration of the four tyrosyl residues of the Humicola protein was nonsigmoidal with a p K app of 11.4. Solvent perturbation difference spectra indicate that 50% of the tyrosyl residues are exposed to solvent in the native protein, and that the single tryptophanyl and all four tyrosyl residues become exposed in 8 m urea. Certain unusual features in both the optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism spectra in the 290-250-nm region are tentatively attributed to the substitution of phenylalanine for tyrosine at position 74.
Real-time hybrid simulation of manufacturing systems for performance analysis and control

Simulation is a common way to analyze the performance of a manufacturing system. On a system level, entities are modeled based on production and failure rates using Discrete Event Simulation (DES). On a machine level, the Continuous Dynamics (CD) of machines are studied based on position, velocity, and acceleration. However, these models are usually run separately, losing key information that could be used for more accurate control of the system performance. In this paper, we merge DES and CD in a single hybrid simulation environment. By synchronizing the simulations to run in realtime, the results can be compared with information from the plant floor. Using the simulation outcome as a reference, any significant deviation of the plant floor performance would represent an error and would trigger an event that can be automated or inform an operator of a required action.
Treatment with hESC-Derived Myocardial Precursors Improves Cardiac Function after a Myocardial Infarction.

Background We previously reported the generation of a reporter line of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression driven by the α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC) promoter. The GFP+/αMHC+ cells derived from this cell line behave as multipotent, human myocardial precursors (hMPs) in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of GFP+/αMHC+ cells isolated from the reporter line in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI).
Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry.

How suitable is the rationalistic paradigm for research focusing on human behavior? Proposing that naturalistic inquiry better serves the social/ behavioral sciences, the authors define the differences between the two paradigms and suggest criteria for ensuring the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiry.
THE PRE AND PQ BOX ARE FUNCTIONALLY DISTINCT YEAST PHEROMONE RESPONSE ELEMENTS

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromones function by binding to cell surface receptors and activating signal transduction processes which regulate gene expression. In this report, we have analyzed the minimum sequence requirements for conferring both a and alpha mating pheromone inducibilities onto a heterologous promoter. Here we show that the repetitive pheromone response element (PRE) which binds to STE12 protein is sufficient to confer pheromone responsiveness only when present in multiple copies. Moreover, by itself, it is preferentially responsive to alpha factor in a cells. In contrast, a single copy of the PQ box of the STE3 upstream activation sequence (UAS) is sufficient to confer a-factor responsiveness in alpha cells. The PQ box binds both MCM1 and MAT alpha 1 in a cooperative manner, and neither the P nor Q site alone is sufficient to confer a-factor responsiveness. In a cells, however, even multiple copies of the PQ box fail to confer alpha-factor responsiveness. Therefore, the PRE and the PQ box are functionally distinct pheromone-responsive elements with opposite cell type specificities. Moreover, these results indicate that the MCM1 protein functions in a signal transduction pathway in a manner analogous to that of its mammalian homolog, the serum response factor, which regulates the expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene in mammals.
Serum titanium levels in individuals undergoing intramedullary femoral nailing with a titanium implant.

Background:Many patients request nail extraction or question the long-term effects of hardware retention. Systemic titanium degradation products may influence the timing of such decisions. The orthopedic literature provides no data regarding systemic titanium in patients undergoing intramedullary na
lα-Hydroxyvitamin D3: A Synthetic Sterol Which is Highly Active in Preventing Rickets in the Chick 1

The antirachitic effectiveness of la-hydroxyvitamin D3 (lα-OH-D3) was investigated by raising chicks on a vitamin D-deficient diet and chronically administering various levels of this synthetic sterol. Vitamin D3 (D3) and la, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (lα,25-(OH)2-D3) were concurrently tested as dietary supplements in order to compare the potency of these three sterols. Growth, plasma calcium and phosphorus concentration, percentage bone ash, calcium absorption, and radiographic appearance of bone were determined after treatment of the chicks with the sterols for 3 weeks. lα-OH-D3 was 5.1, 3.4 and 3.7 times more potent than D3 in stimulating weight gain, maintenance of plasma calcium and promotion of increased percent bone ash, respectively. Radiographic examination of tibiae and femurs from the various groups revealed that lα-OH-D3 effectively mediates normal bone calcification; lα-OH-D3 was 2–6 times more potent than D3 in this regard. The synthetic lα-OH-D3 was slightly more active than la,25-(OH)2-D3 in ...
The development of a blend-sampling technique to assess the uniformity of a powder mixture.

This article discusses the challenges overcome during the development of a blendsampling technique and the successful validation of the blending operation for a tablet dosage form containing 2% act...
Peter V.Hobbs (1936–2005)

Peter Hobbs, a professor in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle, died of pancreatic cancer on 25 July 2005. Born in 1936, Hobbs experienced what he described as “a wild, adventurous youth on the streets of postwar London.” He engaged in competitive swimming and at age 13 held the title of Junior Boxing Champion of the County of Surrey.
Estimating the Accounting Price of Foreign Exchange: An Input–Output Approach

When adjustments in the foreign exchange market involve changes in the production of marginally traded goods, the traditional formula for calculating the accounting (shadow) price of foreign exchange assumes that domestic prices and marginal costs at efficiency prices for those goods are equal. In this paper, a method is proposed for estimating an accounting price ratio of foreign exchange in a partial equilibrium framework, abandoning that assumption. For that purpose, input–output techniques are used, to take into account the effets of changes in the production of traded goods.
Organic synthesis with allylic sulfur compounds: reactions of the 13-thiabicyclo[8.2.1]-5-tridecene ring system

Abstract Ultraviolet irradiation of (Z)-2,9-bismethylene-13-thiabicyclo[8.2.1]-5-tridecene (8), prepared from (Z)-2,9-dichloro-13-thiabicyclo[8.2.1]-5-tridecene (1) by way of (Z)-2,9-dioxo-13-thiabicyclo[8.2.1]-5-tridecene (7), affords (Z)-3,10-bismethylene-1,6,11-dodecatriene (15) in trimethylphosphite and a 9:1 mixture of (Z)-2-methylenebicyclo[7.3.1]trideca-5(6),9(10)-diene (16) and (Z,Z,Z)-bicyclo[6.4.2]tetradeca-1(12),4(5),8(9)-triene (17) when irradiated in hexane. Similarly photolysis of 2,5-bis(3-methyl-1-buten-2-yl)thiolane (18) in hexane affords 2-isopropyl-4-(3-methyl-1-buten-2-yl)-cyclohexene (19). Mechanisms involving radicals are proposed.
The momentum of light in a refracting medium II. Generalization. Application to oblique reflexion

The expression for the momentum of a light wave in a refractive medium previously derived for the case of a sufficiently wide and short light pulse, is shown to be valid for a pulse of any shape, as long as its linear dimensions are large compared to the wavelength, and dispersion may be neglected. The 9prompt’ momentum transfer to a mirror immersed in a refractive fluid by the reflexion of a light pulse incident obliquely, with the electric vector in the plane of incidence, (4.7), is shown to differ appreciably from that which would follow from Minkowski’s theory. The momentum deposited in the medium is also determined, and its subsequent fate discussed. If the mirror is large enough, it also receives an amount of momentum equal to the ‘deposited’ momentum, and then the total received by the mirror equals the momentum change of the light.
Connectedness of the Isospectral Manifold for One-Dimensional Half-Line Schrödinger Operators

Let V_0 be a real-valued function on [0,∞) and V ∈ L^1 ([0,R]) for all R > 0 so that H(V_0)=− d^2/dx^2+V_0 in L^2([0,∞)) with u(0)=0 boundary conditions has discrete spectrum bounded from below. Let M(V_0) be the set of V so that H(V) and H(V_0) have the same spectrum. We prove that MM (V_0) is connected.
Acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis: increased affinity for alpha-bungarotoxin

Studies of the binding of 125 I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin to myasthenic motor end-plates have been interpreted as showing a decrease in the number of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at these end-plates. Equilibrium binding studies of 125 I-tagged alpha-bungarotoxin rather than to a decreased number of receoptors. Our results show increased rather than decreased affinity of myasthenic receptors for alpha-bungarotoxin and also suggest that the number of ACh receptors is indeed reduced. The presence of a change in binding affinity, in addition to the reduced number of ACh receptors, suggests the presence of membrane changes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.
Airway Obstruction Among Latino Poultry Processing Workers in North Carolina

This analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of airway obstruction among Latino poultry processing workers. Data were collected from 279 poultry processing workers and 222 other manual laborers via spirometry and interviewer-administered questionnaires. Participants employed in poultry processing reported the activities they perform at work. Participants with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or FEV1/forced expiratory volume (FVC) below the lower limits of normal were categorized as having airway obstruction. Airway obstruction was identified in 13% of poultry processing workers and 12% of the comparison population. Among poultry processing workers, the highest prevalence of airway obstruction (21%) occurred among workers deboning chickens (prevalence ratio: 1.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 3.15). These findings identify variations in the prevalence of airway obstruction across categories of work activities.
Convergence repertoires: anti-capitalist protest at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics

This article introduces the term ‘convergence’ in order to explain a distinctive repertoire of protest events in which the following are present: (1) activists with an ideologically anti-capitalist orientation; (2) engage in property destruction; (3) travel from outside of the site of the protest event; and (4) solicit a determinable police response. Convergences have emerged as a subset of the alter-globalization movement since the ‘Battle in Seattle’ in 1999. Convergences have since emerged in resistance to meetings of global financial institutions, political primaries, and recently, the Olympic Games. We examine the logic that activists use to weave resistance to these disparate targets together. In this article, we arrive at this finding inductively, paying particular attention to convergence events at the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games. Narratives around convergence repertoires allow activists to link seemingly disparate actors with similar and predictable performances.
CARDIAC FUNCTION IS ENHANCED BY MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (MRAS) DURING CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE SUPPORT

The impact of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs) on cardiac function during Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device (CF LVAD) support remains unknown. A post-hoc analysis of a prospective study conducted at our center to evaluate the effect of combining pharmacological
Evaluation of the critical regime in stratified flow

A fundamental role in the study of flow in open channels is played by the concept of the critical regime. This concept has recently been generalized by Rossby for gravity currents due to density stratification, the implications of which should provide a better understanding of the distribution of winds, oceanic currents, and flow due to density stratification in general. The purpose of the present paper is to interpret this generalized concept from the hydraulics point of view. Consideration of the momentum principle and of the energy principle permits the formulation of two integral expressions for the cross section of a stratified current, the value of which can only decrease. These integrals nevertheless have a minimum value which is attained for a certain thickness of the current and for a certain velocity distribution, which by definition represent the critical regime. Critical regimes obtained by the two foregoing principles are not identical, though very nearly so. Concerning the shape of the critical distribution of velocity, the following cases a re distinguished: (a) For a surface current without any restriction on the displacement of the topmost layer, the velocity increases from zero at the interface to a maximum at the free surface; (b) for a surface current of which the topmost streamline is restricted to a condition like constancy of elevation, there is a maximum velocity some distance under the free surface.
Electrophysiological correlates of forming memories for faces, names, and face–name associations

The ability to put a name to a face is a vital aspect of human interaction, but many people find this extremely difficult, especially after being introduced to someone for the first time. Creating enduring associations between arbitrary stimuli in this manner is also a prime example of what patients with amnesia find most difficult. To help develop a better understanding of this type of memory, we sought to obtain measures of the neural events responsible for successfully forming a new face-name association. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from high-density scalp EEG recordings in order to compare (1) memory for faces, (2) memory for names, and (3) memory for face-name associations. Each visual face appeared simultaneously with a unique spoken name. Signals observed 200-800 ms after the onset of face-name pairs predicted subsequent memory for faces, names, or face-name associations. Difference potentials observed as a function of subsequent memory performance were not identical for these three memory tests, nor were potentials predicting associative memory equivalent to the sum of potentials predicting item memory, suggesting that different neural events at the time of encoding are relevant for these distinct aspects of remembering people.
Kinetic studies of certain anti-gibberellins.

A number of chemical compounds which have the specific effect of retarding stem elongation have been described in recent years (11, 13, 15). Compounds of several rather distinct chemical classes have been found which give the same general growth responses with various plant species. These compounds include 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC), 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-tributylphosphonium c h 1 o r i d e (Phosfon-D), allyl trimethylammonium bromide (AMAB), and 2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine-carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618). The most striking symptoms shown as a result of treatment with these compounds are a marked decrease in stem and petiole elongation. These compounds exert relatively little influence on leaf expansion or root development except at high doses. The marked specificity of action of these compounds on stems and petioles n-ot only suggests immediate practical applications but interesting physiological questions as well. Many authors have noted that responses to these growth inhibitors tend to be just the opposite of responses to gibberellin (1, 16). Apparent interactions between gibberellin and certain of these growth inhibitors have been observed in bean internode growth (3), Ulothrix growth (2), cell division in Chrysanthemum (12), etc. The present work was undertaken to establish definitely whether a functional (i.e. competitive) interaction relationship existed between gibberellin and typical growth retarders or whether gibberellin and these growth retarders act independently, although in opposite directions. An outline of the kinetic basis of these interpretations is presented in the Discussion. Further characteristics of the physiology of action of these materials are also described.
Brief report: Insight into illness and social attributional style in Asperger's syndrome.

A number of psychiatric illnesses have been recognized to have some level of insight deficits, including developmental disorders, such as Asperger’s Syndrome (ASP). However insight into illness has not been empirically investigated in ASP and little research has examined how individuals with ASP view their deficits. This is the first study to assess insight and the relationship between insight and externalizing bias (EB) in ASP. Participants with ASP (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 24) were recruited. Attributional style was assessed with the internal, personal, and situational attribution questionnaire. Insight was assessed with both a clinician-administered and a self-administered measure. Results revealed that EB was negatively correlated with insight as assessed with the clinician-administered but not the self-administered measure of insight.
Do Mnemonic Memories Fade as Time Goes By? Here's Looking Anew!

Abstract Recent research has suggested that information acquired through the mnemonic keyword method fades rapidly as time goes by—especially in the absence of an immediate test. Five experiments were conducted to investigate various aspects of this issue and our results turned up the “usual suspects.” That is, we found consistent mnemonic advantages in acquisition (all experiments) as well as delayed mnemonic advantages in cases where students received an immediate test on studied items (Experiments 2, 3, 4, and 5). Further, and of special interest here, even in the absence of an immediate test, we found delayed mnemonic advantages (Experiments 3, 4, and 5). Nevertheless, these positive delayed findings were tempered by the observation that, in terms of absolute number retained, there was a somewhat faster forgetting rate for mnemonic students in comparison to repetition controls. In our discussion, we examine other delayed-recall indicators (relative differences and conditional probabilities) in an effort to better compare the “forgetting” of mnemonic and repetition participants. A theoretical explanation for the fragility of mnemonic memories, and implications for future research, are provided.
Dosimetric characteristics of Thermo-Shield material for orthovoltage photon beams.

Conventionally, lead has been used for field shaping in orthovoltage radiation therapy. Recently, a compensator material named Thermo-Shield was presented for field shaping in electron beams. Thermo-Shield is composed of nontoxic, high atomic weight metal particles dispersed in a thermoplastic matrix. It is manually moldable and conforms to human anatomy or any shape at temperatures of 108–132 ° F . It is reusable and can be continuously reshaped to better fit the treatment field. Dosimetriccharacteristics of thermoplastic material were studied for Philips RT250 orthovoltage photon beams ranging from 75 to 250 kVp. It was found that Thermo-Shield should be four to five times thicker than lead to achieve the same transmission (less than 5%). However, it did not cause significant degradation in penumbra. Clinical procedures for use are discussed.
An Alternative model for the electroweak symmetry breaking sector and its signature in future e gamma colliders

We perform a preliminary study of the deviations from the standard model prediction for the cross section for the process e\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathit{e}}$W\ensuremath{\gamma} in an alternative model for the electroweak symmetry-breaking sector. We work in the context of a chiral Lagrangian model without a Higgs boson that includes an extra vector resonance V and an anomalous \ensuremath{\gamma}WV coupling. We find that this cross section can provide interesting constraints on the free parameters of the model once it is measured at future e\ensuremath{\gamma} colliders.
FATTY ACID DYNAMICS IN THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR P HYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY1,2,3

The growth, dry weight, fatty acid weight and fatty acid composition of two clones of Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle and Heimdal were measured under several growth conditions. Determinations of total cellular fatty acids were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Both clones had the same fatty acids, dominated by C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C16:3, C16:4, C18:4 and C20:5, though in different relative amounts. Fatty acids typically represented 5--10 percent the dry weight of a cell during log phase growth and up to 22 percent during stationary phase. The C16 fatty acids of both clones changed as the cultures aged, though much more markedly in the Sargasso Sea clone (13-1) than in the estuarine one (3H). The C16:0 and C16:1 acids of both clones declined sharply in the dark and were replenished in the light. Cells maintained in constant illumination, but with no cell division, produced large quantities of these acids. Cells of clone 13-1 treated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) initially grew more slowly than control cells, weighed more, and had higher relative amounts of C16:0 and C16:1. Fatty acid studies may provide useful indicators of ecologically important energy reserves and membrane adaptations in the algae.
CONCERNING THE USE OF dE/dx SYSTEMS TO MEASURE THE CHARGE AND ENERGY OF RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES.

Abstract A Monte Carlo program has been used to optimize the method of selectively averaging the pulse heights of a system of identical, specific energy loss detectors. The program simulated the interaction of energetic heavy charged particles whose specific energy losses were subject to Landau fluctuations. Distributions resulting from averaging the lowest 50% of the outputs from two to fourteen detectors are tabulated. In addition, a method which can measure the charge and energy of relativistic particles by using two d E /d x systems is described.
Recent progress in high resolution lithography

The nanotechnology revolution of the past decade owes much to the science of lithography, an umbrella term which encompasses everything from conventional photolithography to “unconventional” soft lithography and the self-assembly of block polymers. In this review, some of the recent advances in lithography are summarized with special reference to the microelectronics industry. The next generation photolithography, two-photon lithography, step-and-flash imprint lithography and nanofabrication using block copolymers are covered, in an attempt to describe more recent work in this vibrant and active field of research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in the teleconnection between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and West Antarctic climate deduced from West Antarctic ice core isotope records

[1] The U.S. contribution to the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) program obtained several ice cores from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Because of proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the West Antarctic ice cores are expected to have an El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signature. The ITASE 2001-5 core δ18O isotope was selected for detailed analysis here because its location, high annual accumulation, and record length make it an ideal candidate for capturing the effects of regional circulation anomalies in the isotopic composition. The 2001-5 core is compared to two other cores, the 2001-2 and 2001-3 cores, which are further west and therefore capture some spatial variability of the regional circulation on various time scales. Analysis shows that several phenomena, including ENSO, leave a signature in the ice cores. Evidence suggests that ENSO signals in the ice cores are significantly modulated by low-frequency variability. Correlation with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), global temperature, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and ENSO shows that temperature and ENSO generally appear to have the strongest influence on the 2001-5 isotope signal while there is no clearly dominant single influence in the other cores. Results suggest that the teleconnection between ENSO and the 2001-5 core is quite dependent on the state of the SAM. Specifically, when the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and SAM are in phase, there is an ENSO related pressure anomaly west of the Antarctic Peninsula, in the vicinity of the ice cores studied. This extends previous findings to span the entire 20th century.
Strong H...F hydrogen bonds as synthons in polymeric quantum magnets: structural, magnetic, and theoretical characterization of [Cu(HF2)(pyrazine)2]SbF6, [Cu2F(HF)(HF2)(pyrazine)4](SbF6)2, and [CuAg(H3F4)(pyrazine)5](SbF6)2.

Three Cu2+-containing coordination polymers were synthesized and characterized by experimental (X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, pulsed-field magnetization, heat capacity, and muon-spin relaxation) and electronic structure studies (quantum Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory calculations). [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]SbF6 (pyz = pyrazine) (1a), [Cu2F(HF)(HF2)(pyz)4](SbF6)2 (1b), and [CuAg(H3F4)(pyz)5](SbF6)2 (2) crystallize in either tetragonal or orthorhombic space groups; their structures consist of 2D square layers of [M(pyz)2]n+ that are linked in the third dimension by either HF2− (1a and 1b) or H3F4− (2). The resulting 3D frameworks contain charge-balancing SbF6− anions in every void. Compound 1b is a defective polymorph of 1a, with the difference being that 50% of the HF2− links are broken in the former, which leads to a cooperative Jahn−Teller distortion and dx2−y2 orbital ordering. Magnetic data for 1a and 1b reveal broad maxima in χ at 12.5 and 2.6 K and long-range magnetic order...
The role of contradictions and counterexamples in the rejection of false sentences

Two hypotheses about the processes by which people can reject false but meaningful sentences quantified by all or some are outlined. These hypotheses distinguish between two basic types of false sentences: contradictory sentences (e.g., All/Some birds are dogs), which are rejected on the basis of a direct contradiction between the subject and predicate concepts; and counterexample sentences (e.g., All birds are robins), which are falsified when the person thinks of a counterexample to the assertion (e.g., canary). Experiment I demonstrated that people use contradictions to produce false completions of sentences. In Experiment II, the false production frequency norms obtained in Experiment I, together with the theoretical analysis of false sentences, were used to predict the time required to reject false sentences. The results supported the contradiction and counterexample hypotheses, and indicated that false sentences with subject and predicate words closely related in meaning can sometimes be disconfirmed relatively quickly. Experiment III extended the counterexample hypothesis to sentences containing the verb have (e.g., All buildings have elevators), and also provided some evidence that the process of exemplar search used to find counterexamples may also sometimes play a role in the verification of true generalizations.
Cytotoxicity related changes in biochemical cell function following in vitro cadmium treatment

Abstract In an effort to examine cellular responses to cadmium insult a bovine kidney cell line was used to monitor select cell functions for toxicity related alterations. Cadmium concentrations used ranged between 0.2 and 2.5 μM CdCl 2 and elicited 0–85% cytotoxicity (cell attachment); 24-h incubations were used for all studies. Toxicity related inhibition of leucine incorporation into cellular protein and thymidine incorporation into DNA was noted. Decreases in protein synthesis activity closely paralleled the cytotoxicity profile; DNA synthesis was a less sensitive indicator to toxicity. K + -dependent phosphatase (KP), acid phosphatase (AP) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were monitored in surviving cells and in a cell-free system. Significant inhibitions were detected for all enzyme activities following a 24 h culture with cadmium. KP and AP were most sensitive. In the cell-free system KP was significantly inhibited with 0.1 μM cadmium; AP and SDH were either unchanged or sensitive only at concentrations of 100 μM cadmium or greater. Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in surviving cells was elevated up to 7-fold over control cultures. The elevation occurred in a progressive toxicity-related manner.