cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of baroreceptor activation on single unit activity of the anteroventral third ventricle region of the rat.

Abstract The anteroventral third ventricular (AV3V) region, part of the preoptic area, is involved in neurohumoral regulation of the cardiovascular system and in the development of experimental hypertension. Single unit activity within the AV3V region of the rat was recorded in response to the activation of arterial baroreceptors produced by intravenous phenylephrine or by aortic occulsion. Both inhibition and excitation of units was observed in response to an increase in arterial pressure with the highest incidence of responses in the median and periventricular subnuclei of the preoptic area. These data provide functional evidence for the neural projections from medullary baroreceptor fiber terminations to the AV3V region and preoptic area.
Generation of acoustic stimuli from a modeled cochlear implant-induced neural activation pattern

Abstract We present a method for generating acoustic simulations of the cochlear implant (CI). These simulations are constructed to optimally reproduce the computed neural activation pattern (NAP) at the auditory nerve created by CI stimulation. In this work, we use a linear one-dimensional model of the cochlea to compute the acoustic input that optimally reproduces target NAPs in the mean-squared sense. Target CI NAPs are produced by a model coupled to N of M Nucleus-24 signal processing. The optimal simulation is compared to a noise-band simulation with 6.5–7.9% reduction in mean-squared error.
Who buys New Age materials ? Exploring sociodemographic, religious, network, and contextual correlates of New Age consumption

Despite the growing interest in New Age spirituality, few studies have explored the correlates of participation in New Age groups or activities. Drawing from previous work on New Age phenomena, and from other established traditions in the sociology of religion, we outline a set of hypotheses linking the consumption of New Age materials with four sets of factors: (a) sociodemographic characteristics ; (b) conventional religious affiliation and participation; (c) embeddedness within networks of New Age believers and consumers; and (d) community religious context. We then test these hypotheses using data from a recent telephone survey of Texas residents. Few of the expectations are supported. Indeed, among Texans the purchase of New Age materials is more common and more evenly distributed across social space than previously suspected. By far the strongest predictor of such consumption is embeddedness within interpersonal networks composed of other New Age devotees. We conclude by identifying a number of promising directions for future theoretical and empirical work on New Age phenomena
Footloose in Fujian: economic correlates of footbinding.

L'A. se propose de renouveler l'economie politique de la force de travail feminine en Chine afin de rendre visible la contribution des femmes a la production de valeur economique dans le cadre du travail realise dans le contexte domestique et familial. Apres une introduction sur les relations de parente a l'epoque imperiale tardive en tant que rapports de production principaux, il examine le bandage des pieds en tant qu'indice des differentes utilisation du travail feminin. Il illustre son propos a partir de trois etudes de cas realisees dans la vallee de la riviere Jiulong du Fujian : dans les districts de Tong'an, Nanjing, et Hua'an, comparant ses recherches a des enquetes precedentes realisees par des chercheurs chinois
Apolar growth of Neurospora crassa leads to increased secretion of extracellular proteins

Protein secretion in filamentous fungi has been shown to be restricted to actively growing hyphal tips. To determine whether an increase in the amount f growing surface area of a fungus can lead to an increase in the amount of protein secretion, we examined secretion in a temperature-sensitive Neurospora crassa mcb mutant that shows a loss of growth polarity when incubated at restrictive temperature. Incubation of the mcb mutant at restrictive temperature results in a three- to fivefold increase in the level of extracellular protein and a 20-fold increase in carboxymethyl cellulase activity relative to a wild-type strain. A mutation in the cr-1 gene has been shown previously to suppress the apolar growth phenotype of the mcb mutant, and we find that the level of extracellular protein produced by a mcb; cr-1 double mutant was reduced to that of the wild-type control. Immunolocalization of a secreted endoglucanase revealed that proteins are secreted mainly at hyphal tips in hyphae exhibiting polar growth and over the entire surface area of bulbous regions of hyphae that are produced after a shift of the mcb mutant to restrictive temperature. These results support the hypothesis that secretion of extracellular protein by a filamentous fungus can be significantly increased by mutations that alter growth polarity.
The Object of Labor: Commodification in Socialist Hungary

The Object of Labor: Commodification in Socialist Hungary. MARTHA LAMPLAND. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. xiv. 394 pp., tables, figures, notes, photo gallery, bibliography, index.
Comment on "Three-Dimensional Ascent Trajectory Optimization for Stratospheric Airship Platforms in the Jet Stream"

TECHNICAL COMMENTS are brief discussions of papers previously published in this journal. They should not exceed 1500 words (where a figure or table counts as 200 words). The author of the previous paper is invited to submit a reply for publication in the same issue as the Technical Comment. These discussions are published as quickly as possible after receipt of the manuscripts. Neither AIAA nor its Editors are responsible for the opinions expressed by the authors.
Role of diastole in left ventricular function, I: Biochemical and biomechanical events.

Left ventricular diastolic function plays an important role in cardiac physiology. Lusitropy, the ability of the cardiac myocytes to relax, is affected by both biochemical events within the myocyte and biomechanical events in the left ventricle. β-Adrenergic stimulation alters diastole by enhancing the phosphorylation of phospholamban, a substrate within the myocyte that increases the uptake of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, increasing the rate of relaxation. Troponin I, a regulatory protein involved in the coupling of excitation to contraction, is vital to maintaining the diastolic state; depletion of troponin I can produce diastolic dysfunction. Other biochemical events, such as defects in the voltage-sensitive release mechanism or in inositol triphosphate calcium release channels, have also been implicated in altering diastolic tone. Extracellular collagen determines myocardial stiffness; impaired glucose tolerance can induce an increase in collagen cross-linking and lead to higher end-diastolic pressures. The passive properties of the left ventricle are most accurately measured during the diastasis and atrial contraction phases of diastole. These phases of the cardiac cycle are the least affected by volume status, afterload, inherent viscoelasticity, and the inotropic state of the myocardium. Diastolic abnormalities can be conceptualized by using pressure-volume loops that illustrate myocardial work and both diastolic and systolic pressure-volume relationships. The pressure-volume model is an educational tool that can be used to demonstrate isolated changes in preload, afterload, inotropy, and lusitropy and their interaction. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2004;13:394-405)
Artificial incubation of California Condor Gymnogyps californianus eggs removed from the wild

The currrent California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) recovery plan entails increasing the reproductive rate via replacement-clutch manipulation of eggs. During the period from 1983 to 1985, 15 eggs were removed from wild nesting pairs for artificial incubation. The eggs were incubated at a dry bulb temperature of 36.4°C in modified forced-air Lyon Electric incubators. The incubation humidity was adjusted for individual eggs based on weight loss data (water = weight), 25.6–30.0°C wet bulb (41.0–63.0% Relative Humidity (RH)). The chicks were hatched initially under forced-air conditions of 36.1°C dry bulb, 31.1–01.7°C wet bulb (70.0–73.0% RH). In 1984, hatching parameters were changed to still-air conditions, 36.1°C dry bulb (top of the egg), 35.0°C dry bulb (bottom of the egg), 31.1–31.7°C wet bulb (70.0-73.0% RH). Tactile and auditory stimulation was utilized during the pip-to-hatch interval. From among 15 eggs collected, 13 hatched, and 12 condor chicks were raised successfully (hatchability: 86.7%; survivability: 92.3%).
The clinical benefits, ethics, and economics of stratified medicine and companion diagnostics

The stratified medicine companion diagnostic (CDx) cut-off decision integrates scientific, clinical, ethical, and commercial considerations, and determines its value to developers, providers, payers, and patients. Competition already sharpens these issues in oncology, and might soon do the same for emerging stratified medicines in autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, respiratory, and other conditions. Of 53 oncology targets with a launched therapeutic, 44 have competing therapeutics. Only 12 of 141 Phase III candidates addressing new targets face no competition. CDx choices might alter competitive positions and reimbursement. Under current diagnostic incentives, payers see novel stratified medicines that improve public health and increase costs, but do not observe companion diagnostics for legacy treatments that would reduce costs. It would be in the interests of payers to rediscover their heritage of direct investment in diagnostic development.
Infective Endocarditis Caused by β-Hemolytic Streptococci

Infective endocarditis caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci is infrequently seen. Members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America's Emerging Infections Network (EIN) were polled for cases of beta-hemolytic streptococcal endocarditis that were seen between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1996. Thirty-one cases were submitted by 22 members. The patients' ages ranged from 4 months to 79 years, and 18 (58.1%) were males. Prosthetic valve infection occurred in six cases and intravenous drug abuse was noted in only one case. Diabetes mellitus was noted in 10 patients (32.3%). Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci accounted for over two-thirds of isolates (21 [67.7%] of 31). Twenty-five patients (80.7%) developed complications of infective endocarditis, and 15 (48.4%) underwent surgical intervention with valvular revision or excision. Sixty-one percent (19 of 31) received aqueous crystalline penicillin G either as monotherapy or in combination with gentamicin sulfate. In contrast to previously published data, the mortality rate (12.9%) among patients in this survey was remarkably low. There was no infection relapse documented in 16 of the remaining 27 patients for whom posttreatment follow-up information was available.
Expression of deoxyribonucleic acid repair enzymes during spermatogenesis in mice

Meiotic recombination during gametogenesis is critical for proper chromosome segregation. However, the participating proteins and mechanics of recombination are not well understood in mammals. DNA repair enzymes play an essential role in both mitosis and meiosis in yeast. The mammalian mismatch repair system consists of homologues of the bacterial MutH, MutL, and MutS proteins. As part of our goal of understanding the function of enzymes that mediate meiotic recombination, we used a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction approach to identify germ cell transcripts for the MutL homologue, Pms2, and two members of the MutS family, Msh2 and Msh3. Both the Pms2 and the Msh2 genes were highly expressed in mitotically proliferating spermatogonia, and early in meiotic prophase in the leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes. Thereafter, expression declined in early and mid pachytene spermatocytes, and was negligible in postmeiotic spermatids. In contrast, expression of Msh3 was at its highest level in pachytene spermatocytes. Protein levels were similar to gene expression patterns, and both PMS2 and MSH2 were localized in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. These patterns of expression for genes encoding mismatch repair enzymes are consistent with the proposed roles of the gene products in mismatch repair during both DNA replication and recombination.
ON THE PRASEODYMIUM-OXYGEN SYSTEM

An isobaric survey of the system praseodymium oxide + oxygen has been made at oxygen pressures between 0 and 1 atm and in the temperature range 200 to 1150 °C. The derived isobaric sections enable a three-dimensional phase diagram (pressure, temperature, composition) to be constructed with considerable certainty and detail for the composition range PrOj.gg to PrOj.g*. Reasonable extensions to cover the complete range between the sesquioxide and dioxide are proposed, and a projection of the diagram on to the temperature-composition plane is presented. At lower temperatures several discrete, ordered phases of narrow homogeneity range exist. These constitute an homologous series P r„02n_2, with n = 4, 7, 9 ,1 0 ,1 1 ,1 2 , oo. At higher temperatures two wide-range solid solutions obtain: pseudo-phases and the nature of non-stoichiometry is explained in terms of a plausible model invoking microdomain texture in defect solids. This model is believed to be appropriate for other non-stoichiometric systems also. Earlier experimental data on the system are examined, and found to be consistent with the present results.
On a Problem of H. N. Gupta

It is shown that the axiom 'For any points x, y, z such that y is between x and z, there is a right triangle having x and z as endpoints of the hypotenuse and y as foot of the altitude to the hypotenuse', when added to three-dimensional geometry over arbitrary ordered fields, is weaker than the axiom 'Every line which passes through the interior of a sphere intersects that sphere'. Mathematics Subject Classifications (1991): 51M05, 12D 15.
Putting “At‐Rest” Evaluations of the Right Ventricle to Rest: Insights Gained From Evaluation of the Right Ventricle During Exercise in CTEPH Patients With and Without Pulmonary Endarterectomy

Over 7 decades after Isaac Starr declared that “ weakness of the right side of the heart … seems less important … in the dynamics of congestive failure, [1][1]” the right ventricle (RV) has finally been afforded its due respect in many disease states. However, the definition and assessment
Spatiotemporal sensitivity and visual attention for efficient rendering of dynamic environments

We present a method to accelerate global illumination computation in prerendered animations by taking advantage of limitations of the human visual system. A spatiotemporal error tolerance map, constructed from psychophysical data based on velocity dependent contrast sensitivity, is used to accelerate rendering. The error map is augmented by a model of visual attention in order to account for the tracking behavior of the eye. Perceptual acceleration combined with good sampling protocols provide a global illumination solution feasible for use in animation. Results indicate an order of magnitude improvement in computational speed.
An extension of the revised matrix algorithm

The revised matrix algorithm, which usually means one forward process followed by one backward process or three forward processes, is one of the best algorithms for finding all shortest paths in a net with nonnegative arcs. It is shown that the algorithm can also be applied to a net with negative arcs but with no negative circuit and that the order of matrix calculations can be reversed to one backward process followed by one forward process or three backward processes. >
Creating and customizing reusable interface objects using stimulus response demonstration

The development of user interfaces has become easier with the advent of graphical layout systems. Such systems allow a developer to locate and size predefined interactive objects directly in the interface he is developing. However, the objects provided in graphical layout systems have restricted forms and behaviors. Thus, the developer has limited flexibility in the kinds of interfaces he can create. DEMO is a user interface development system (UIDS) that allows interface objects to be created from scratch. Using a drawing editor, the developer specifies the interactive behavior of the objects by stimulus-response demonstration. DEMO generalizes from the demonstrations, and automatically generates an implementation of the interface. >
Photooxidation of CS2 in the near‐ultraviolet and its atmospheric implications

Sequential two photon photolysis of CS2 is discussed. Experiments in our lab and others have shown that photolysis of CS2 and O2 mixtures with light of energies below the SC-S bond dissociation energy produces OCS and SO2. We explain these results by the two photon sequential absorption and subsequent dissociation of CS2 to CS+S. The implications of this mechanism for the oxidation of CS2 in the atmosphere are discussed. Comparison to the currently accepted OH-initiated oxidation mechanism suggests that the sequential two-photon mechanism is too slow to be important in the atmosphere.
Congestion-adaptive data collection with accuracy guarantee in cyber-physical systems

Data collection by wireless sensor networks is a fundamental and critical function for cyber-physical systems (CPS) to estimate the state of the physical world. However, unstable network conditions impose great challenges in guaranteeing data accuracy, which is essential for reliable state estimation of the physical phenomena. For underlying sensor networks, without efficiently resolving congestion in data transmission, packet loss at congested nodes can considerably increase the estimation error. However, previous congestion control schemes relying on reducing transmitted data samples also increase the estimation error. Thus, we propose a Congestion-Adaptive Data Collection scheme (CADC) to efficiently resolve the network congestion while guaranteeing the overall data estimation accuracy. CADC mitigates congestion by adaptive lossy compression with guarantee that a given overall data estimation error bound is satisfied. Besides, since a CPS application may have different priorities for different data items, we further propose a weighted CADC scheme such that the data with higher priority has less distortion. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our CADC schemes.
An Offer You Can't Revoke: Reasons to Prohibit Instantaneous Retraction of Accepted Offers

Why is an offeror free to revoke an offer any time before it has been accepted but not immediately after? I find that, although an offeror faces incentives to retract an accepted offer, she would in general be better off by not doing so. The offeree's act of acceptance conveys useful information about his willingness to pay only when the offeror can credibly commit not to retract an offer. Allowing retraction of accepted offers (1) makes both, offeror and offeree, worse off, (2) reduces the probability of trade, and (3) inhibits parties from mitigating the problems of asymmetric information. This analysis, thus, provides a possible solution to the Puzzle of Instant Retraction as it justifies the enforcement of accepted offers even if the offeree has not undertaken any action in reliance of the accepted offer.
Liquid chromatographic assay of tylosin in animal feeds

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the assay of tylosin (tylosin A, tylosin B, and tylosin-urea adduct [TUA]) in animal feeds at approximately 4-200 g/ton. Samples are extracted with an equal mixture of methanol and 0.1 M pH 8 phosphate buffer. An acidic alumina column cleanup step is used prior to reversed-phase LC. Determination is accomplished with UV detection at 280 nm. A 15 cm C 8 column is used for sample concentration. Elution is performed at 1.5 mL/min with a gradient containing an increasing methanol concentration with 0.5% acetic acid and tetramethylammonium chloride (5 g/L) as the aqueous portion. Baseline separation of tylosin B, TUA, and tylosin A is achieved with retention times of approximately 7.4, 9.3, and 10.7 min, respectively. Conversion factors of 1.0 and 1.2 are used to convert peak areas of tylosin B and TUA, respectively, to tylosin A equivalent as an alternative to standards being used for these components of some feeds. The precision of the procedure ranged from a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.6% for tylosin A at 94 g/ton to a CV of 11.3% for TUA at 10 g/ton. The average percent recovery of spiked feed extracts was 100.4-102.2% for the 3 tylosin components. A correlation with the microbiological assay is presented for 12 feeds, 1 premix, and 1 injectable tylosin product.
What Does Digital Lawyer Mean

This is the first chapter in the book "Educating the Digital Lawyer" edited by Oliver Goodenough and Marc Lauritsen. This book is a result of two conferences, one in October 2010 at Harvard Law School and one in April 2011, organized by the author at Columbia Law School.
A Review of the Microtox ® Toxicity Test System for Assessing the Toxicity of Sediments and Soils

Use of Microtox for screening sediment or soil samples from contaminated systems either alone or in combination with a battery of other tests is supported by an ever-increasing number of comparative studies demonstrating its utility, sensitivity, rapidity and affordability. Organic solvent extracts and direct solidphase material provide an assessment of the potential toxicity exerted by both dissolved and bound contaminants. In contrast, tests utilizing pore water or elutriates may be limited to assessing the contribution of dissolved contaminants only. Each approach is limited in the scope of its applications. The apparent toxicity of elutriates can be a function of extraction solvent and overall procedure. The apparent toxicity of solid-phase samples is influenced by sample color and composition — more specifically, the ratio of clay to silt. However, in general, the results obtained through in laboratory testing with the Microtox test system are often consistent with the results of both sediment invertebrate in laboratory toxicity tests and macroinvertebrate field surveys. There is also evidence that toxicity assessments obtained with the Microtox test system are related to analytically derived concentrations of certain classes of contaminants.
Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by high molecular weight kininogen.

5′-p-Fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (FSBA) is a potent inhibitor of platelet shape change, aggregation and fibrinogen binding by a mechanism which has been linked to the covalent modification of a single surface membrane polypeptide, aggregin (Mr = 100 kD)1,2. We recently demonstrated that cleavage of aggregin in [3H]FSBA-labeled platelets during platelet aggregation induced by thrombin indirectly involves the intracellularly activated calcium-dependent cysteine protease, calpain3 and is mediated by the high affinity thrombin receptor4. Schmaier et al.5 showed that high molecular weight kininogen (HK) is the most potent plasma inhibitor of platelet calpain. We now report that inhibition of thrombin-induced cleavage of aggregin by HK during platelet aggregation involves specific inactivation of platelet calpain.
A Family of Salmonella Type III Secretion Effector Proteins Selectively Targets the NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Preserve Host Homeostasis

Microbial infections usually lead to host innate immune responses and inflammation. These responses most often limit pathogen replication although they can also result in host-tissue damage. The enteropathogenic bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium utilizes a type III secretion system to induce intestinal inflammation by delivering specific effector proteins that stimulate signal transduction pathways resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We show here that a family of related Salmonella Typhimurium effector proteins PipA, GogA and GtgA redundantly target components of the NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit transcriptional responses leading to inflammation. We show that these effector proteins are proteases that cleave both the RelA (p65) and RelB transcription factors but do not target p100 (NF-κB2) or p105 (NF-κB1). A Salmonella Typhimurium strain lacking these effectors showed increased ability to stimulate NF-κB and increased virulence in an animal model of infection. These results indicate that bacterial pathogens can evolve determinants to preserve host homeostasis and that those determinants can reduce the pathogen’s virulence.
Abstract 21: Quantification of Total Myocyte Regeneration Following Intracoronary Cardiosphere-Derived Cell (icCDC) Treatment in Swine with Chronic Myocardial Ischemia

Objective: icCDCs improve function of ischemic myocardium and increase cardiomyocyte nuclear density but the extent to which this is explained by an increase in nuclei per cell vs. the formation of new myocytes is unclear. We aimed to address this issue and quantify new myocyte formation throughout the left ventricle (LV) after global icCDC treatment in swine with hibernating myocardium. Methods: Swine with a chronic LAD stenosis (N=29) received either ~35 x 106 icCDCs or no treatment. Regional function (echocardiography) and myocyte morphometric indices were assessed 1 month later. Transverse and longitudinal tissue sections were used to measure regional myocyte nuclear density, diameter, length, and nuclei/cell, from which myocyte volume and myocytes per gram of myocardium were calculated. Results: icCDC-mediated improvements in regional function were accompanied by an increase in myocyte nuclear density without a change in the number of nuclei/cell (Table). Compared with untreated animals, icCDC-treate...
Experiences of Young Migrants Working in Urban Food Markets in Southern Ghana: Implications for Well-being and Social Policy

Set in the context of welfare availability in fragile urban societies in developing countries, this paper seeks to examine the risks, vulnerability and inequality experienced by young internal migrants currently working in food markets in large cities Southern Ghana. The paper also examines the nature and impact of the migration process and the implications for both local and national development policy. Questionnaire surveys, interviews and focus group discussions were triangulated to elicit the views and experiences of young migrants from Akuapem North and Dangme West Districts in southern-Ghana presently working in urban food markets Accra and Tema. Individual migrants were the unit of analysis for the study. The study reveals that rural out-migration involves both genders with evidence of vulnerability in relation to the weak and fragile and low social service provision by the state. It also identifies the absence of welfare support for young migrants. Whilst the productive capacity of young migrants could be enhanced by low cost labour opportunities in the urban informal sector, this tends to perpetuate a cycle of social vulnerability, inequality and exploitation. The paper recommends the introduction of employment and welfare programmes in cities with very high concentration of young migrants. It also proposes skill development policy programmes in peripheral rural districts and peri-urban communities in southern Ghana.
Bedtime Variability and Metabolic Health in Midlife Women: The SWAN Sleep Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Circadian misalignment, as seen in shift workers, can disrupt metabolic processes. Associations between sleep timing in nonshift workers and metabolic health are unknown. We examined sleep timing and indices of metabolic health in a community sample of midlife women. METHODS Caucasian (n = 161), African American (n = 121) and Chinese (n = 56) non-shift-working women aged 48-58 y who were not taking insulin-related medications, participated in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Sleep Study and were subsequently examined approximately 5.39 (standard deviation = 0.71) y later. Daily diary-reported bedtimes were used to calculate four measures of sleep timing: mean bedtime, bedtime variability, bedtime delay and bedtime advance. Body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) were measured at two time points. Linear regressions evaluated whether sleep timing was associated with BMI and HOMA-IR cross-sectionally and prospectively. RESULTS In cross-sectional models, greater variability in bedtime and greater bedtime delay were associated with higher HOMA-IR (β = 0.128; P = 0.007, and β = 0.110; P = 0.013, respectively) and greater bedtime advance was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.095; P = 0.047). Prospectively, greater bedtime delay predicted increased HOMA-IR at Time 2 (β = 0.152; P = 0.003). Results were partially explained by shifted sleep timing on weekends. CONCLUSION Frequent shifts in sleep timing may be related to metabolic health among non-shift working midlife women. COMMENTARY A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 269.
REE geochemical characteristics of fault tectonite in Haojiahe Cu deposit in Chuxiong basin,Yunnan——A case study of No.III ore body group

Haojiahe Cu deposit is one of the typical sandstone type deposits in Chuxiong basin.In the case study of No.III ore body group,the systematic research on the geological characteristics of the deposit and the REE characteristic comparison among fault tectonites,ores and formation rocks which characterized by different direction and different degree of mineralization reveal that: LREE concentration,weak negative δEu,δCe negative anomaly and the right oblique distribution pattern of LREE concentration are found in fault tectonites,ores and formation rocks.It shows that the REE characteristics of tectonites,ores and formation rocks have the same source.REE geochemical characteristics of various rocks and ores are discussed and factors which affect rare earth content of tectonites and its distribution pattern are also analyzed.REE geochemical clues for prospection are proposed in the paper and it provides important geochemical information for prediction of hidden ores.
Self-Pathologizing and the Perception of Necessity: Two Major Risks of Providing Stimulants to Educationally Underprivileged Students

Keisha Ray (2016) tackles one of the foremost objections to a policy of offering stimulant pharmaceuticals to socially disadvantaged students: that such a policy attributes pathology to these stude...
Do audit and non-audit business students implicitly associate a company's relative stock market performance with perceptions of corporate ethical behavior?

Jost et al. (2003) theorizes and finds that business students, on an average, hold a positive fair market ideology (FMI), which suggests that they believe in the power of market forces to reward ethical corporate behavior and punish unethical behavior; accordingly, they tend to make an implicit association between a company's financial performance relative to the stock market and the company's ethics. We suggest that audit education in professional skepticism and ‘red flag’ analysis will mitigate this implicit bias when a company's relative market performance is unusually distant from a referent benchmark, such as an industry average. In a between-participants experiment involving 94 non-audit and 94 audit business students, we measure their FMI, and examine how they perceive the ethicality of a company's management based on the referent direction (above or below the industry average) and referent magnitude (relatively close to or distant from the industry average) of the company's relative market performance. The results suggest that both non-audit and audit students indeed hold a positive FMI, and they ascribe favorable ethical perceptions to company performance that is relatively close to the industry average, irrespective of referent direction. When company performance is relatively distant from the industry average, neither group of students makes the implicit link. Overall, the findings do not indicate that audit education differentially affects business students’ perceptions of corporate ethics when a company's relative stock market performance deviates considerably from a referent benchmark.
Continuous Activity Monitoring During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose To perform a prospective trial testing the feasibility and utility of acquiring activity data as a measure of health status during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods and Materials Ambulatory patients who were planned for treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with curative intent for cancers of the head and neck, lung, or gastrointestinal tract were provided with activity monitors before treatment initiation. Patients were asked to wear the devices continuously throughout the radiation therapy course. Step count data were downloaded weekly during radiation therapy and 2 and 4 weeks after radiation therapy completion. The primary objective was to demonstrate feasibility, defined as collection of step counts for 80% of the days during study subjects' radiation therapy courses. Secondary objectives included establishing step count as a dynamic predictor of unplanned hospitalization risk. Results Thirty-eight enrolled patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Primary diagnoses included head and neck cancer (n=11), lung cancer (n=13), and a variety of gastrointestinal cancers (n=14). Step data were collected for 1524 of 1613 days (94%) during patients' radiation therapy courses. Fourteen patients were hospitalized during radiation therapy or within 4 weeks of radiation therapy completion. Cox regression modeling demonstrated a significant association between recent step counts (3-day average) and hospitalization risk, with a 38% reduction in the risk of hospitalization for every 1000 steps taken each day (hazard ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.83, P =.002). Inferior quality of life scores and impaired performance status were not associated with increased hospitalization risk. Conclusion Continuous activity monitoring during concurrent chemoradiotherapy is feasible and well-tolerated. Step counts may serve as powerful, objective, and dynamic indicators of hospitalization risk.
Compressed Sensing Using Prior Information

Compressed sensing has recently emerged as a technique allowing a discrete-time signal with a sparse representation in some domain to be reconstructed with theoretically perfect accuracy from a limited number of linear measurements. Current applications range from sensor networks to tomography and general medical imaging. In this paper, we show that the amount of samples which must be taken from a signal with sparse Discrete-time Fourier Transform (DFT) can be reduced compared to the original compressed sensing approach if information on the support of the sparse domain can be employed. More precisely, the required number of samples in time domain is reduced by exactly the amount of known frequencies associated to non-zero coefficients. Our results additionally provide a link between the so-called fractional Fourier transform and compressed sensing framework, when the positions of all the non-zero components are known.
Metadata-based understanding of impostor pair score variations

Metadata about a given face image can include information such as the subject’s year of birth, subject gender, and date of acquisition. By determining the degree of metadata matches between the gallery and probe images (such as two subjects having the same gender) we hypothesize that more metadata values that match for an impostor image pair increases the likelihood of a false match. In this work, we explore year of birth, gender, date of acquisition, and expression in an attempt to understand variations in match scores produced by impostor image pairs. Impostor pairs that fall in the weak partition as identified by the previously developed SNoW technique have a slightly larger number of matching metadata values. However, there is little to no statistically significant difference in the scores produced by image pairs with more matching metadata between strong and weak impostor pairs.
Evaluation of thermal-aware design techniques for microprocessors

As technology scales, temperature in modern high-performance VLSI circuits has increased dramatically. Temperature affects not only the performance but also the power, reliability, and cost of the system. In this paper, we examine two approaches to reduce the on-chip temperature: one is to reduce the power densities of hot functional units by allocating more die area (growing units), and the other one is to use three different migrating computation (MC) techniques to migrate activities among duplicated functional units. Through the use of tools for architectural power and temperature estimation, the effectiveness of these two methods are evaluated for the Alpha 21264 microprocessor
Abstract 457: CD36, but not G2A, Modulates Efferocytosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis Following Bleomycin-induced Lung Injury

Oxidatively modified lipids and their by-products presented or released by cells undergoing apoptosis are thought to regulate phagocytic uptake of apoptotic cells by macrophages (efferocytosis) through CD36 scavenger and G2A chemotactic receptors. Although the ability of these receptors to mediate clearance of apoptotic cells in the context of atherosclerosis may have significant impact on lesion development and progression/stability, an overabundance of the lipid ligands for these receptors (CD36: oxidized phospholipids, G2A: lysophosphatidylcholine) as a result of oxidative processes associated with atherogenesis could conceivably impair these clearance mechanisms. Because the indolent nature of atherosclerotic lesion development precludes an accurate assessment of the spatial and kinetic features of lesional efferocytosis, we employed a bleomycin-induced model of lung injury to assess the requirement for G2A and CD36 in efferocytosis. This is a model which, similarly to atherogenesis, is associated with oxidative stress, but in which local apoptosis can be induced and efferocytosis subsequently measured over time. As there is substantial in vivo evidence that ApoE has a role in efferocytosis, we included ApoE knock-out mice as controls. Loss of CD36 (similarly to ApoE deficiency) delayed the clearance of apoptotic alveolar cells, potentiated inflammation (increase in lung neutrophils, lung KC [CXCL1] levels, and lung macrophages) and reduced lung fibrosis following bleomycin-induced lung injury. Reduced fibrosis in CD36-/- mice was associated with lower levels of pro-fibrotic TH2 cytokines (IL-9, IL-13, IL-4), decreased expression of the M2 macrophage marker Arginase-1 and reduced interstitial myofibroblasts. Despite the widely held notion that G2A mediates an LPC dependent “find me” signal in macrophages facilitating apoptotic cell clearance, G2A deficiency had no significant effect on the clearance of apoptotic cells in the bleomycin-induced lung injury model. Our results show that CD36 and ApoE (but not G2A) are important for apoptotic cell clearance following lung injury and subsequently modulate inflammatory and fibrotic processes that could impact not only inflammatory lung disease but also atherosclerosis.
Islamic Golden Age and Beyond

The gods were lazing around Mount Olympus, complaining that they got no respect anymore from human beings, who once feared them so much they went out of their way to appease the immortals. “It’s all your fault,” Hera says to her husband Zeus, king of the gods. “If you hadn’t given that silly jar to that female human Pandora and tempted her to open it and let out all the evils of humanity.” “I remember her she was a lovely woman, the first female I had created out of the mud.
Spin Changes in Iron Complexes

As discussed in Chapter 2, the normal ground state of a free ion is the one of maximum multiplicity (Hund’s First Rule). This configuration minimizes the interelectronic repulsion. It was also shown there that a ligand field of octahedral symmetry partially removes the degeneracy, giving a lower lying triplet of π(t2g) symmetry and a higher energy doublet of σ(eg) symmetry. We showed in Chapter 6 that for high spin complexes the ligand field increases significantly with pressure, and that the interelectronic repulsion (Racah) parameters decrease. Thus, on the one hand, with pressure it takes an increasing amount of potential energy to occupy all the orbitals; on the other hand, the decreasing Racah parameters decrease the spin pairing energy. Both of these factors increase the probability of a high spin to low spin conversion. (The increase in field is probably the major effect.) Since Griffith [1] has shown that an intermediate spin configuration is never the most stable in octahedral symmetry, we need only deal with high and low spin states at this point.
Sensing Value in Place

The concept of value provides a natural connection between place and conservation decision-making. Different ways of thinking about value lead to varying approaches to making decisions, some of which may be better than others for dealing with place-based values. Individual experiences of value are grounded in an implicit, felt dimension of awareness, and this dimension must be taken into account if place-based values are to function effectively in conservation decisions. Experiential practices for accessing this implicit dimension may help people to articulate and communicate their felt sense of place, providing a basis for a group decision-making process that better reflects and includes the value of place.
Laparoscopic Ventral Mesh Rectopexy

Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) is a technique that was developed by D’Hoore et al. for repair of rectal prolapse. The purported advantage of this approach over more traditional methods is that it avoids posterolateral mobilization of the rectum and therefore reduces the likelihood of a neural injury to the pelvic plexus or hypogastric nerves, as well as injury to the sacral venous plexus. In a recent multi-institutional study led by D’Hoore, 919 patients who underwent LVMR were retrospectively reviewed. In this group, rate of recurrence for external rectal prolapse at 10 years was 8.2 %, and rate of mesh erosion at 10 years was 1.3 %. The authors contend that LVMR is safe and effective as a treatment of rectal prolapse. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Example Engineering Curriculum: Value Creation Projects and Entrepreneurially Minded Tools

This section provides an introduction and overview of curriculum ideas incorporating readily available entrepreneurially minded tools.
Chapter 3 - Micropatterning Microtubules

The following protocol describes a method to control the orientation and polarity of polymerizing microtubules (MTs). Reconstitution of specific geometries of dynamic MT networks is achieved using a ultraviolet (UV) micropatterning technique in combination with stabilized MT microseeds. The process is described in three main parts. First, the surface is passivated to avoid the non-specific absorption of proteins, using different polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based surface treatment. Second, specific adhesive surfaces (the micropatterns) are imprinted through a photomask using deep UVs. Lastly, MT microseeds are adhered to the micropatterns followed by MT polymerization.
Modeling Electric Power and Natural Gas System Interdependencies

AbstractTo promote the resilience and protection of infrastructure assets from an all-hazards perspective, this paper describes the progress of interdependencies modeling and integration efforts to...
"Being, Doing, & Creating Community: Social Exchange & The Microfoundations of Institutional Logics"

A key catalyst in the reorientation of institutional theory towards microfoundations and cross-level change has been the institutional logics perspective. However disciplinary boundaries have resul...
Mechanisms of Arsenic Sequestration by Prosopis juliflora during the Phytostabilization of Metalliferous Mine Tailings

Phytostabilization is a cost-effective long-term bioremediation technique for the immobilization of metalliferous mine tailings. However, the biogeochemical processes affecting metal(loid) molecular stabilization and mobility in the root zone remain poorly resolved. The roots of Prosopis juliflora grown for up to 36 months in compost-amended pyritic mine tailings from a federal Superfund site were investigated by microscale and bulk synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and multiple energy micro-X-ray fluorescence imaging to determine iron, arsenic, and sulfur speciation, abundance, and spatial distribution. Whereas ferrihydrite-bound As(V) species predominated in the initial bulk mine tailings, the rhizosphere speciation of arsenic was distinctly different. Root-associated As(V) was immobilized on the root epidermis bound to ferric sulfate precipitates and within root vacuoles as trivalent As(III)–(SR)3 tris-thiolate complexes. Molar Fe-to-As ratios of root epidermis tissue were two times highe...
Outer-Sphere Water Clusters Tune the Lanthanide Selectivity of Diglycolamides

Fundamental understanding of the selective recognition and separation of f-block metal ions by chelating agents is of crucial importance for advancing sustainable energy systems. Current investigations in this area are mostly focused on the study of inner-sphere interactions between metal ions and donor groups of ligands, while the effects on the selectivity resulting from molecular interactions in the outer-sphere region have been largely overlooked. Herein, we explore the fundamental origins of the selectivity of the solvating extractant N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) for adjacent lanthanides in a liquid–liquid extraction system, which is of relevance to nuclear fuel reprocessing and rare-earth refining technologies. Complementary investigations integrating distribution studies, quantum mechanical calculations, and classical molecular dynamics simulations establish a relationship between coextracted water and lanthanide extraction by TODGA across the series, pointing to the importance of the...
The Ties that Bind: How Faculty Learning Communities Connect Online Adjuncts to Their Virtual Institutions.

Online learning is in its infancy compared to other types of learning in the history of academe. Because of its limited history, there is much to be discovered about the ontological, axiological, and epistemological aspects of this technology-driven learning environment. While literature is saturated with online student experiences, and the differences between online and traditional teaching and learning, one area has been relatively unexplored: the relationship between the virtual instructor and his or her institution. This paper discusses findings from a recent dissertation study that, in part, sought to operationalize the construct of collegiality for online instructors. The literature and the study suggest that fostering this connection from the virtual faculty to their institution is incredibly important and it is argued that to do so a Virtual Community of Practice and Faculty Learning Communities should be developed and nurtured.
Perimetric Techniques Used to Assess Retinal Strain during Accommodation

Two modified permetric techniques have been employed to allow quantification of retinal strain or stretch during accommodation. Maximum retinal displacement occurs at the ora serrata. One technique provides a measure of the anterior functional boundary of the temporal retina (nasal field) by transcleral (diascleral) illumination. The second method makes available information on the displacement of the point of fixation relative to the blind spot. The two measures are independent and complementary. These are difficult techniques.