cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring long-term cancer survivors' experiences in the career and financial domains: Interviews with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients

Using semi-structured interviews with 50 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who were 2 to 22 years post-transplant, this study investigates cancer survivors' interpretations of their economic and work-related experiences during and after treatment. Survivors described a variety of challenges in these areas, including job insecurity, discrimination, career derailment, the lack of career direction, delayed goals, financial losses, insurance difficulties, constraints on job mobility, and physical/mental limitations. Survivors described the ways these challenges were offset by external factors that helped them to navigate these difficulties and buffered the negative financial and career-related impacts. Good health insurance, favorable job characteristics, job accommodations, and financial buffers were prominent offsetting factors. Most survivors, however, were also forced to rely on individual behavioral and interpretative strategies to cope with challenges. Behavioral strategies included purposeful job moves, retraining, striving harder, and retiring. Some strategies were potentially problematic, such as acquiring large debt. Interpretive strategies included reprioritizing and value shifts, downplaying the magnitude of cancer impact on one's life, denying the causal role of cancer in negative events, making favorable social comparisons, and benefit finding. Post-treatment counseling and support services may assist survivors in identifying available resources and useful strategies to improve long-term adaptation in the career and financial realms.
Patient-Specific Dosimetry for Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been in routine clinical use since the 1970s. During this period, there has been significant development in light source design, sensitizer chemistry, and clinical protocols. These advances have been paralleled by a continuous improvement in dosimetry, driven by increasing understanding of the underlying physical processes responsible for PDT-mediated tissue damage. A comprehensive dosimetry model must account for patient geometry, tissue optical properties, photosensitizer distribution, and tissue oxygenation. This paper summarizes the developments in PDT dosimetry designed to measure and account for individual variations among patients in these parameters. In each case, we present the results of measurements made during a Phase I clinical trial of PDT for recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma conducted at the University of Pennsylvania.
Steep subthreshold swing tunnel FETs: GaN/InN/GaN and transition metal dichalcogenide channels

As the understanding of tunnel field-effect transistors (TFET) advances, new approaches are emerging to lower off-currents, lower defect density in tunnel junctions, and to increase the highest current at which the subthreshold swing of 60 mV/decade (I60) appears. III-N heterojunctions and transition-metal-dichalcogenide (TMD) materials are forcing some new thinking in junction design and doping.
Regulation of Fas and Fas ligand expression in cultured murine renal cells and in the kidney during endotoxemia

Fas ligand (FasL) and Fas belong to a recently described family of cytokines and receptors with similarities to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors. Upon engagement by specific antibodies or by FasL, Fas transduces a signal for apoptosis in permissive cells. Although apoptosis occurs during renal development and following injury to mature cells, the factors responsible for programmed renal cell death are uncertain. We have studied Fas expression by renal cells in vitro and during endotoxemia in mice. Several renal cell types, including glomerular mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells express a Fas transcript in culture. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), interleukin-1 beta, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and TNF-alpha increase the levels of Fas mRNA in cultured mesangial and tubular cells. TNF-alpha and LPS raise the level of Fas mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner with Fas receptor expression peaking after 72 h of exposure to LPS. Anti-Fas antibodies can induce the death of cultured mesangial cells. This cell death shows the characteristic changes of apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation and pyknotic changes of the nucleus. Increases in Fas by LPS, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma enhance the killing induced by the anti-Fas antibody. FasL is also expressed by cultured renal cells, and TNF-alpha treatment of mesangial cells increases its expression. In vivo, Fas mRNA is present at low level in normal kidney. LPS increases the levels of Fas mRNA and protein in kidney and produces evidence of apoptosis along nephrons. These data suggest that transcripts encoding natural FasL and Fas are induced by LPS and may play a role in endotoxemia-induced acute renal failure and organ dysfunction.
ELISA Assay for Measurement of Human Hemoglobin A and Hemoglobin F

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of nanogram quantities of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin F is described. The assay employs hemoglobin bound to polystyrene test tubes. The antigen is quantitated by the addition of rabbit antibody specific for the hemoglobin type, followed by a second antibody of goat antirabbit gamma globulin coupled to alkaline phosphatase. Quantitation of the reaction is achieved by incubating the coated tubes with p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The binding characteristics, the linearity, the ability of the assay to discriminate between hemoglobin A and hemoglobin F, the ability to discriminate between native and denatured gamma globin, and the comparison of this assay with a previously described immunoradiometric (IRMA) assay are discussed.
The structure of agrinierite: a Sr-containing uranyl oxide hydrate mineral

The structure of agrinierite, K2(Ca0.65Sr0.35)[(UO2)3O3(OH)2]2·5H2O, orthorhombic, F 2 mm , Z = 16, a = 14.094(2), b = 14.127(2), c = 24.106(4) A, V = 4799.6(1) A3, was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to an agreement factor ( R ) of 6.55% and a goodness-of-fit ( S ) of 0.851 using 2710 independent observed reflections collected with Mo K α X-radiation and a CCD-based detector. This layered material contains four unique U6+ positions, each of which is part of a nearly linear (UO2)2+ uranyl ion. The U6+ cations are further coordinated by five anions occupying the equatorial vertices of pentagonal bipyramids that are capped by the uranyl ion O atoms. The uranyl polyhedra are linked by the sharing of equatorial vertices and edges in a fashion topologically identical to the α-U3O8 sheet found in billietite, protasite, becquerelite, richetite, compreignacite and masuyite. The arrangement of hydroxyl anions within the sheets varies in these minerals; that of agrinierite is identical to protasite. The cations (Ca, Sr, and K) and H2O reside in the interlayer region of the structure. The inclusion of Sr in the structure of agrinierite suggests that the release of radioactive 90Sr may be impacted by incorporation into this phase if it forms in a geological repository for nuclear waste.
Multiple-modality program for standoff detection of roadside hazards

The U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) is executing a program to assess the performance of a variety of sensor modalities for standoff detection of roadside explosive hazards. The program objective is to identify an optimal sensor or combination of fused sensors to incorporate with autonomous detection algorithms into a system of systems for use in future route clearance operations. This paper provides an overview of the program, including a description of the sensors under consideration, sensor test events, and ongoing data analysis.
Symposium: What Is Hemophilia?: Hemophilia: Specific Entity or Syndrome?

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Wilms tumor 1 mutations in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia

Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) has long been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia. It has been described to be both overexpressed and mutated in different forms of acute myeloid leukemia, and overexpression has been reported to play a prognostic role in this disease. However, the precise mechanism through which WT1 may play a role in leukemogenesis has remained elusive. In recent years, new evidence has emerged that points towards a novel role of WT1 mutations in the deregulation of epigenetic programs in leukemic cells through its interaction with TET proteins. Herein we review the current status of the field and its therapeutic and prognostic implications in acute myeloid leukemia.
Increased expression of estrogen-related receptor β during adaptation of adult cardiomyocytes to sustained hypoxia

Estrogen-related Receptors (ERR) are members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors that regulate expression of genes required for energy metabolism including mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. While ERRα and EPPγ isoforms are known to share a wide array of target genes in the adult myocardium, the function of ERRβ has not been characterized in cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ERRβ in regulating energy metabolism in adult cardiomyocytes in primary culture. Adult feline cardiomyocytes were electrically stimulated to contract in either hypoxia (0.5% O2) or normoxia (21% O2). As compared to baseline values measured in normoxia, ERRβ mRNA levels increased significantly after 8 hours of hypoxia and remained elevated over 24 h. Conversely, ERRβ mRNA decreased to normoxic levels after 4 hours of reoxygenation. Hypoxia increased expression of the α and β isoforms of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1 (PGC-1) mRNA by 6-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Knockdown of ERRβ expression via adenoviral-mediated delivery of ERRβ shRNA blocked hypoxia-induced increases in PGC-1β mRNA, but not PGC-1α mRNA. Loss of ERRβ had no effect on mtDNA content as measured after 24 h of hypoxia. To determine whether loss of ERRβ affected mitochondrial function, oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were measured in contracting versus quiescent cardiomyocytes in normoxia. OCR was significantly lower in contracting cardiomyocytes expressing ERRβ shRNA than scrambled shRNA controls. Maximal OCR also was reduced by ERRβ knockdown. In conclusion: 1) hypoxia increases in ERRβ mRNA expression in contracting cardiomyocytes; 2) ERRβ is required for induction of the PGC-1β isoform in response to hypoxia; 3) ERRβ expression is required to sustain OCR in normoxic conditions.
Household Air Pollution Exposure and Influence of Lifestyle on Respiratory Health and Lung Function in Belizean Adults and Children: A Field Study

Household air pollution (HAP) contributes to the global burden of disease. Our primary purpose was to determine whether HAP exposure was associated with reduced lung function and respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms in Belizean adults and children. Our secondary purpose was to investigate whether lifestyle (physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption (FV)) is associated with reported symptoms. Belizean adults (n = 67, 19 Male) and children (n = 23, 6 Male) from San Ignacio Belize and surrounding areas participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection took place at free walk-in clinics. Investigators performed initial screenings and administered questionnaires on (1) sources of HAP exposure; (2) reported respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms and (3) validated lifestyle questionnaires. Participants then performed pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO). There were no significant associations between HAP exposure and pulmonary function in adults. Increased exhaled CO was associated with a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1-s divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in children. Exposed adults experienced headaches, burning eyes, wheezing and phlegm production more frequently than unexposed adults. Adults who met PA guidelines were less likely to experience tightness and pressure in the chest compared to those not meeting guidelines. In conclusion, adults exposed to HAP experienced greater respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms, which may be attenuated by lifestyle modifications.
Kalman Filter Application for Distributed Parameter Estimation in Reactor Systems

An application of the Kalman filter has been developed for the real-time identification of a distributed parameter in a nuclear power plant. This technique can be used to improve numerical method-based best-estimate simulation of complex systems such as nuclear power plants. The application to a reactor system involves a unique modal model that approximates physical components, such as the reactor, as a coupled oscillator, i.e., a modal model with coupled modes. In this model both states and parameters are described by an orthogonal expansion. The Kalman filter with the sequential least-squares parameter estimation algorithm was used to estimate the modal coefficients of all states and one parameter. Results show that this state feedback algorithm is an effective way to parametrically identify a distributed parameter system in the presence of uncertainties.
Graham–Schmidt Orthogonalization

In this chapter, we discuss the algorithm that is called Graham–Schmidt Orthogonalization. This takes a finite number of linearly independent objects and from them constructs new linearly independent objects which are mutually orthogonal and have the same span. To use this idea with functions, it is important to have a good way to compute the inner product of two functions, so MatLab tools for such calculations are introduced and their pros and cons are evaluated.
Measurement of caffeine and its three primary metabolites in human plasma by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and clinical application.

Caffeine is a mild stimulant with significant potential for abuse, being consumed in larger doses with the widespread availability of energy drinks and by novel routes of administration such as inspired powder, oral sprays and electronic cigarettes. How these recent changes in caffeine consumption affecting caffeine disposition and abuse potential is of growing concern. In the study of caffeine disposition in humans, it is common to only measure the caffeine concentration; however, caffeine's three major metabolites (paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline) retain central nervous system stimulant activity that may contribute to the overall pharmacological activity and toxicity. Therefore, it would be scientifically more rigorous to measure caffeine and its major metabolites in the evaluation of caffeine disposition in human subjects. Herein, we report a method for the simultaneous quantification of caffeine and its three major metabolites in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Human plasma samples were treated by simple protein precipitation and the analytes were separated using a 6 min gradient program. Precision and accuracy were well within in the 15% acceptance range. The simple sample preparation, short runtime, sensitivity and the inclusion of caffeine's major metabolites make this assay methodology optimal for the study of caffeine's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in human subjects.
Epigenomic Inactivation of RasGAPs Activates RAS Signaling in a Subset of Luminal B Breast Cancers

Invasion and metastasis of a subset of aggressive luminal B breast cancers is driven by the concomitant inactivation of the RasGAPs DAB2IP and RASAL2. Inactivation of both proteins increases RAS activity and drives invasion, whereas inactivation of DAB2IP specifically promotes NF-κB-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 131-3. ©2017 AACRSee related article by Olsen et al., p. 202.
The Awesomest Thing in Biology

So says a blogger by the name of Psi Wave-function regarding an eye-like structure of some protists called the ocelloid. She wrote this in a now-defunct blog eponymously called The Ocelloid (bit.ly/1H95b40). I couldn’t agree with her more. The ocelloid is the structural and functional equivalent of the sophisticated eye of metazoans—and occurs in an unicellular organism! If you can think of anything that is “awesomer” than that, please let me know.
Sans Measurements of Deuterium Trapped at Grain Boundaries in Palladium

Small-angle neutron scattering from grain boundary interfaces has been investigated in polycrystal palladium with and without deuterium dissolved in the solution phase. Polycrystalline samples were prepared using two different procedures: (1) single crystal material was recrystallized at 517°C after 78% cold working, and (2) an extruded polycrystal rod was investigated as received, or recrystallized at 600°C and 680°C. The expected 1/Q2 scattering profile (where Q is the neutron wavevector transfer) from grain boundaries has been observed, and the absolute cross sections permit a determination of the grain boundary surface concentration of missing palladium atoms and of trapped deuterium. The vacancy and trapped deuterium surface concentration determined in these measurements was 0.2-0.3 vacancies/A2 and 0.4-0.6 deuterons/A2, respectively. The measurements were extended to the low Q region (Q ≥0.006 1/A) where the scattering response was dominated by Porod 1/Q4 behavior typical of internal voids. This behavior was especially strong for the samples fabricated from the extruded polycrystal, but was also present in the as-received single crystal. The degradation of the single crystal Porod response after compressional cold working is in reasonable agreement with the calculated effect of flattening a spherical void.
Movers, Shakers, and Storers of Charge: The Legacy of Ferroelectricians L. Eric Cross and Robert E. Newnham

The last 100 years has seen the burgeoning of the field of ferroelectrics from a scientific curiosity to the basis of major industries in capacitors, piezoelectrics, and electro-optics. This paper will discuss the history of the field, with an emphasis on the contributions made by Professors Robert E. Newnham and L. Eric Cross of the Pennsylvania State University. Their scientific contributions encompassed many key areas in ferroelectrics, including phenomenology, structure determination, relaxor ferroelectrics, composite piezoelectrics, structure-property relations, and flexoelectricity. Scientific advances were often motivated by and closely coupled with application needs. Finally, their impact on global academic communities is discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Book Review: The Great Divergence: America's Growing Inequality Crisis and What We Can Do about It:

The Great Divergence: America's Growing Inequality Crisis and What We Can Do About It. By Timothy Noah. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2012. v + 276 pp. $16.00 (paper).This book elegantly traces the history, economics, and ethos of income inequality in the United States. Timothy Noah, an astute financial journalist, offers a comprehensive summary of the back-stories and front-end analyses of the worst years of income inequality, showing how the ethos of massive income gaps arose and wove its way into the social and political fabric of America.Noah's book prepares ethicists and theologians to provide frameworks that can help Christians interpret and seek solutions to the great divergence in the earnings of the various classes in the United States. He paints a compelling portrait of a country whose ruling and upper classes have abandoned the least of their fellow citizens with unprecedented impunity. Rarely in the history of this country has the gap between the rich and poor been wider. There is "a dramatic departure from the status quo that prevailed in the United States from the end of World War II through the early 1980s. Although top income shares are rising in many developed countries, nowhere are they rising as fast as in the United States" (p. 151).Noah tells the story of inequality that is no longer about statistical gaps between what various social groups make or what is necessary to reward or signal differentials in efforts, skills, and natural talents, but one that crushes the poor, the have-nots, the marginalized, and the neglected. Alongside this, reading between the lines one is gripped by the fact that inequality in the United States is no longer about unacceptable gaps in earnings, but has been raised to the level of ideology. Some conservatives now put forward the argument that "ever-greater inequality is either necessary or desirable" for the health of a capitalist economy (p. 165).Indeed, arguments in support of inequality in the United States have taken the form of "rational legitimation of the existing" social and economic structures that engender and perpetuate obscene levels of income disparity. The great divergence in earnings that gives a lie to the democratic ideals of the country is now presented as the truth of free enterprise which must be embraced and experienced by the disadvantaged in society in the name of better future job opportunities. Or, more precisely, Americans are told that income inequality is the small price they all must pay for living in an open, free society that allows every individual to pursue her dreams in her own way. …
Evaluation of the timing and coordination of prandial insulin administration in the hospital.

Abstract Aims The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between measures of coordinated insulin delivery and capillary blood glucose (CBG) levels among hospitalized patients and to assess nurse perceptions of insulin administration. Methods Hospitalized patients ( n = 451) receiving rapid acting insulin analog (RAIA) using carbohydrate counting were retrospectively analyzed. Nurses ( n = 35) were asked to complete an 18-item anonymous survey assessing perception of RAIA dosing. Results The median time from breakfast CBG to RAIA dose was 93 (IQR 57-138) min. There was no association between timeliness measures and mean CBG at lunch or dinner. Hypoglycemia was rare ( N = 2). More than half (54%) of nurses were confident all of the time in determining the correct dose of RAIA, though none were confident in administering it on time. The majority of nurses perceived an electronic dosing calculator and a patient reminder to notify the nurse at the end of the meal favorably. Conclusions The data demonstrate suboptimal coordination of CBG monitoring and insulin doses using a flexible meal insulin dosing strategy, though there was minimal impact on glycemic control. Nurses reported high confidence in the ability to calculate the correct insulin dose but not in the ability to administer it on time.
Prenatal and Early Postnatal Odorant Exposure Heightens Odor-Evoked Mitral Cell Responses in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb.

Abstract Early sensory experience shapes the anatomy and function of sensory circuits. In the mouse olfactory bulb (OB), prenatal and early postnatal odorant exposure through odorized food (food/odorant pairing) not only increases the volume of activated glomeruli but also increases the number of mitral and tufted cells (M/TCs) connected to activated glomeruli. Given the importance of M/TCs in OB output and in mediating lateral inhibitory networks, increasing the number of M/TCs connected to a single glomerulus may significantly change odorant representation by increasing the total output of that glomerulus and/or by increasing the strength of lateral inhibition mediated by cells connected to the affected glomerulus. Here, we seek to understand the functional impact of this long-term odorant exposure paradigm on the population activity of mitral cells (MCs). We use viral expression of GCaMP6s to examine odor-evoked responses of MCs following prenatal and early postnatal odorant exposure to two dissimilar odorants, methyl salicylate (MS) and hexanal, which are both strong activators of glomeruli on the dorsal OB surface. Previous work suggests that odor familiarity may decrease odor-evoked MC response in rodents. However, we find that early food-based odorant exposure significantly changes MC responses in an unexpected way, resulting in broad increases in the amplitude, number, and reliability of excitatory MC responses across the dorsal OB.
Thermally Induced Oxidation of [FeII(tacn)2](OTf)2 (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane)

We previously reported the spin-crossover (SC) properties of [FeII(tacn)2](OTf)2 (1) (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) [Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 2115]. Upon heating under dynamic vacuum, 1 undergoes oxidation to generate a low spin iron(III) complex. The oxidation of the iron center was found to be facilitated by initial oxidation of the ligand via loss of an H atom. The resulting complex was hypothesized to have the formulation [FeIII(tacn)(tacn-H)](OTf)2 (2) where tacn-H is N-deprotonated tacn. The formulation was confirmed by ESI-MS. The powder EPR spectrum of the oxidized product at 77 K reveals the formation of a low-spin iron(III) species with rhombic spectrum (g = 1.98, 2.10, 2.19). We have indirectly detected H2 formation during the heating of 1 by reacting the headspace with HgO. Formation of water (1HNMR in anhydrous d6-DMSO) and elemental mercury were observed. To further support this claim, we independently synthesized [FeIII(tacn)2](OTf)3 (3) and treated it with one equiv base yielding 2. The structures of 3 was characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound 2 also exhibits a low spin iron(III) rhombic signal (g = 1.97, 2.11, 2.23) in DMF at 77 K. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that 3 undergoes gradual spin increase from 2 to 400 K. DFT studies indicate that the deprotonated nitrogen in 2 forms a bond to iron(III) exhibiting double bond character (Fe-N, 1.807 A).
Cerebral organoids derived from Sandhoff disease-induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit impaired neurodifferentiation

Sandhoff disease, one of the GM2 gangliosidoses, is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the absence of β-hexosaminidase A and B activity and the concomitant lysosomal accumulation of its substrate, GM2 ganglioside. It features catastrophic neurodegeneration and death in early childhood. How the lysosomal accumulation of ganglioside might affect the early development of the nervous system is not understood. Recently, cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have illuminated early developmental events altered by disease processes. To develop an early neurodevelopmental model of Sandhoff disease, we first generated iPS cells from the fibroblasts of an infantile Sandhoff disease patient, then corrected one of the mutant HEXB alleles in those iPS cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology, thereby creating isogenic controls. Next, we used the parental Sandhoff disease iPS cells and isogenic HEXB-corrected iPS cell clones to generate cerebral organoids that modeled the first trimester of neurodevelopment. The Sandhoff disease organoids, but not the HEXB-corrected organoids, accumulated GM2 ganglioside and exhibited increased size and cellular proliferation compared with the HEXB-corrected organoids. Whole-transcriptome analysis demonstrated that development was impaired in the Sandhoff disease organoids, suggesting that alterations in neuronal differentiation may occur during early development in the GM2 gangliosidoses.
Inhibition of biofilm growth on polymer-MWCNTs composites and metal surfaces.

Abstract There is an increased interest in incorporating multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into polymer matrices to control the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and the subsequent formation of biofilm growth on the surface of water pipes, food packages, and medical devices. Microbial interactions with carbon nanotube-polymer composites in the environment are not well understood. The growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens (gram-negative) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (gram-positive) biofilms on copper, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride, and stainless steel was compared with growth on MWCNT-PE composites in order to gain insight into the effect of the surface properties of nanomaterials on the attachment and proliferation of microorganism which could result in the engineering of better, non-fouling materials. A statistical analysis of the biofilm growth showed a significant impact of materials for both P. fluorescens (p
Miscibility at the immiscible liquid/liquid interface: A molecular dynamics study of thermodynamics and mechanism.

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the dissolution of water into an adjacent, immiscible organic liquid phase. Equilibrium thermodynamic and structural properties are calculated during the transfer of water molecule(s) across the interface using umbrella sampling. The net free energy of transfer agrees reasonably well with experimental solubility values. We find that water molecules “prefer” to transfer into the adjacent phase one-at-a-time, without co-transfer of the hydration shell, as in the case of evaporation. To study the dynamics and mechanism of transfer of water to liquid nitrobenzene, we collected over 400 independent dissolution events. Analysis of these trajectories suggests that the transfer of water is facilitated by interfacial protrusions of the water phase into the organic phase, where one water molecule at the tip of the protrusion enters the organic phase by the breakup of a single hydrogen bond.
The Sustainability of Ocean Resources

Sustainability is all about time and perspective. I expect that most of us think of sustainability in relation to our own lifestyles over time scales of the years, decades, and perhaps a century or so that touch our lives, our children, our family. Over these time scales, natural resources we depend upon don’t seem to change that fast or that much, and thus seem sort of sustainable. If we take a somewhat longer view, however, sustainability refers to the use and stewardship of natural resources in a manner that allows society to benefit from their services today, without compromising their use for future generations. I think it is clear that humans are causing widespread changes in natural resources over land and the oceans. Many scientists are calling the beginning of the Anthropocene (epoch of man) the sixth major mass extinction due to the massive and continuing loss of biodiversity caused by our activities. The very resources we depend upon may not be functional or available for many generations into the future unless we change our policies and behavior concerning their stewardship. How did we get into this fix, and how can we change our course?
Bark-shift based nonlinear speaker normalization using the second subglottal resonance.

In this paper, we propose a Bark-scale shift based piecewise nonlinear warping function for speaker normalization, and a joint frequency discontinuity and energy attenuation detection algorithm to estimate the second subglottal resonance (Sg2). We then apply Sg2 for rapid speaker normalization. Experimental results on children’s speech recognition show that the proposed nonlinear warping function is more effective for speaker normalization than linear frequency warping. Compared to maximum likelihood based grid search methods, Sg2 normalization is more efficient and achieves comparable or better performance, especially for limited normalization data.
South American Mammals in the Paleocene of North America

Each of the major continents has given rise to a distinctive radiation of mammals at some point in its geological history. Faunal differences between continents generally reflect the chance composition of initial founding faunas, with subsequent endemic adaptation and coevolution constrained by the unique geological and environmental history of each continent. Faunal differences between continents also reflect, to some extent, fortuitous geographical relationships controlling opportunities for intercontinental faunal dispersal.
Ecclesial Spirituality and Other Faith Traditions

The aim of this chapter is to promote an openness to the spiritualities of other faith traditions as a way of encouraging positive interreligious attitudes and dialogue. Frequently one can more readily enter into a constructive conversation with members of other faiths on a level of their spiritual practice, whereas a focus on metanarratives implied in systems of belief can hinder an appreciation for the other. This chapter argues that Christians may explicitly explore the spiritual practices of other religions as a way of stimulating and deepening their own faith and discusses why and how this should occur.
How Have 30-Day Readmission Penalties Affected Racial Disparities in Readmissions?: An Analysis from 2007 to 2014 in Five US States

Thirty-day readmission penalties implemented with the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) place a larger burden on safety-net hospitals which treat a disproportionate share of racial minorities, leading to concerns that already large racial disparities in readmissions could widen. To examine whether there were changes in Black-White disparities in 30-day readmissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), or pneumonia following the passage and implementation of HRRP, and to compare disparities across safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals. Repeated cross-sectional analysis, stratified by safety-net status. 1,745,686 Medicare patients over 65 discharged alive from hospitals in 5 US states: NY, FL, NE, WA, and AR. Odds ratios comparing 30-day readmission rates following an index admission for AMI, CHF, or pneumonia for Black and White patients between 2007 and 2014. Prior to the passage of HRRP in 2010, Black and White readmission rates and disparities in readmissions were decreasing. These reductions were largest at safety-net hospitals. In 2007, Blacks had 13% higher odds of readmission if treated in safety-net hospitals, compared with 5% higher odds in 2010 (P < 0.05). These trends continued following the passage of HRRP. Prior to HRRP, there were large reductions in Black-White disparities in readmissions at safety-net hospitals. Although HRRP tends to assess higher penalties for safety-net hospitals, improvements in readmissions have not reversed following the implementation of HRRP. In contrast, disparities continue to persist at non-safety-net hospitals which face much lower penalties.
Civic programmatic participation in public health: the case of Argentina

Abstract: Since the Alma Ata World Health Organization Conference in 1978, countries around the world have adopted institutions that promote the participation of citizens in their public health systems. The main objectives of this article are two-fold. First, we describe the origins and implementation of a national-level civic participatory program that was in place in Argentina in the mid-2000s: the Local Participatory Projects (Proyectos Locales Participativos). Second, we analyze the 201 local participatory projects that were carried out in Argentina between 2007 and 2008. We study health and environmental problems that prompt people’s participation in the program and the social dynamics through which such participation is executed.
Tactics for Professional Legitimacy: An Apparent Feminist Analysis of Indian Women’s Experiences in Technical Communication

Informed by the social justice turn, this article highlights the often-overlooked voices and experiences of women working in technical and professional communication in the Global South, specifical...
A Case Study of Terrain Influences on Upscale Convective Growth of a Supercell

AbstractSatellite- and ground-based radar observations have shown that the northern half of Argentina, South America, is a region susceptible to rapid upscale growth of deep moist convection into l...
Bob Dylan's ballade

Blood on the Tracks (1975) is one of Bob Dylan’s most popular, most successful, and most critically acclaimed albums. The album’s opening song, ‘Tangled Up in Blue,’ is similarly beloved. The musical structure of this song follows the scheme of a medieval song form, the ballade. This paper explores the underlying medievalism of ‘Tangled Up in Blue.’
Executive Functions and Impulsivity Are Genetically Distinct and Independently Predict Psychopathology: Results From Two Adult Twin Studies:

Laboratory executive function (EF) constructs, such as response inhibition, are often conceptually linked with self-report measures of impulsivity, yet their empirical correlations are low. We exam...
Martin Luther and Musically Expressed Theology

This paper seeks a reappraisal of Martin Luther’s complex understanding of theology’s place in the social and political reformation of 16th–century Germany. Here I seek to reintroduce an element of that theology that has been largely absent from mainstream scholarship: music. Building on Robin Leaver’s influential 2007 work, Luther’s Liturgical Music, wherein he argues that Luther’s liturgical song–writing ought to be understood theologically, I will demonstrate how the reformer sought to use a musically expressed theology to build a foundation of faith among the German laity– a prerequisite, he believed, to a successful reformation of Christian religion and society. Luther’s answer to the failures of the early evangelical Reformation was an educational programme centred on teaching a theology of the Psalms through music.
Biosimilar infliximab administration for the management of acute graft-versus-host disease:

IntroductionAcute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a significant immune-mediated complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Despite prophylactic immunosuppression, th...
Revised Bloom's taxonomy as a mentoring framework for successful promotion.

Abstract Introduction Promotion is both a rewarding and challenging milestone in an academic career, and the process is enriched by intentional mentorship. Junior faculty often seek a stepwise mentorship approach that allows them to accurately self-reflect on their progress toward promotion, while more seasoned faculty may benefit from guidance on how to effectively mentor their colleagues through the process. Perspective Fortunately, the revised Bloom's taxonomy, the same tool commonly utilized to guide curricular development and assessment, serves both of these purposes very effectively. Implications This tale of four pharmacy academicians uses the construct of the revised Bloom's taxonomy knowledge dimension to define various stages of an academic career while drawing parallels with aspects of the cognitive process dimension in each stage and describes a mentoring framework that successfully leads faculty toward the next step of their careers.
Optimizing the Benefit/Risk of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors through Liver Targeting

Preclinical and clinical data suggest that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors have the potential to rebalance disordered lipid metabolism, leading to improvements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consistent with these observations, first-in-human clinical trials with our ACC inhibitor PF-05175157 led to robust reduction of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), albeit with concomitant reductions in platelet count, which were attributed to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis within bone marrow. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxylic acid-based ACC inhibitors with organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrate properties, which facilitated selective distribution of the compounds at the therapeutic site of action (liver) relative to the periphery. These efforts led to the discovery of clinical candidate PF-05221304 (12), which selectively inhibits liver DNL in animals, while demonstrating considerable safety margins against platelet reduction in a nonhuman primate model.
African-Centered Frameworks of Youth Development: Nuanced Implications for Guiding Social Work Practice with Black Youth

Literature within social work on African-centered frameworks that can be used to inform research and social work practice has remained limited. Often discussion of African centered frameworks relies solely on broad, generalized models of the African centered worldview. Such limited discussion of African-centered approaches is problematic as it discounts both the diversity of African perspectives of human development, and limits the exploration of models from an African perspective, which may be a more appropriate and effective approach to working with Black youth populations. To assist in addressing this gap within social work literature, the current article critically compares the human developmental schemes of three indigenous African worldviews, and identifies potential implications for positive youth development. The process of assessing and comparing each respective worldview through the perspective of youth development yields insights that are important for both theory and practice. The paper also provides implications for African-centered program development, particularly in considering the need to acknowledge the intersectionality of Black youth identities.
Neurologic Complications due to Severe Micronutrient Deficiencies in an American Adolescent

Micronutrient deficiencies are a major global health problem but are less common in developed nations. If left unidentified and untreated, micronutrient deficiencies can lead to serious, sometimes irreversible, sequelae such as with vitamin A deficiency and vision loss. Providers should recognize these issues not only in chronically ill and hospitalized patients but in those with non-illness-related malnutrition due to parent/child-selected restricted diets. Herein, we present a case of unrecognized chronic, severe, malnutrition due to severe behavioral food selectivity with associated neurologic deficits due to hypovitaminosis (vitamins A and B2 ). With adequate enteral nutrition and vitamin repletion, our patient's neurologic deficits have partially recovered.
Technology Management: Corporate-Startup Co-Location and How to Measure the Effects

Rapid technological developments make firms favor the creation of new approaches to technology management. Startups can offer large firms access to new technologies and the emphasis on corporate-startup collaboration has therefore reached a new level. Many models exist and co-location is one of these. While co-location in the context of clusters and innovation systems has been studied in previous literature, research on corporate-startup co-location is very limited. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the broader phenomenon of business co-location and based on this review, suggest a framework and metrics to evaluate the effects of corporate-startup co-location. The paper originates from earlier conducted studies on corporate-startup collaboration models. For this paper a literature review on the broader phenomenon of business co-location is conducted. The theoretical contribution is a proposed multi-stakeholder framework and metrics for evaluating the effects of corporate-startup co-location.
Low-Temperature As-Grown Crystalline β-Ga2O3 Films via Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition.

We report on the low-temperature growth of crystalline Ga2O3 films on Si, sapphire, and glass substrates using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) featuring a hollow-cathode plasma source. Films were deposited by using triethylgallium (TEG) and Ar/O2 plasma as metal precursor and oxygen co-reactant, respectively. Growth experiments have been performed within 150-240 °C substrate temperature and 30-300 W radio-frequency (rf) plasma power ranges. Additionally, each unit AB-type ALD cycle was followed by an in situ Ar plasma annealing treatment, which consisted of an extra (50-300 W) Ar plasma exposure for 20 s ending just before the next TEG pulse. The growth per cycle (GPC) of the films without Ar plasma annealing step ranged between 0.69 and 1.31 A/cycle, and as-grown refractive indices were between 1.67 and 1.75 within the scanned plasma power range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed that Ga2O3 films grown without in situ Ar plasma annealing exhibited amorphous character irrespective of substrate temperature and rf power values. With the incorporation of the in situ Ar plasma annealing process, the GPC of Ga2O3 films ranged between 0.76 and 1.03 A/cycle along with higher refractive index values of 1.75-1.79. The increased refractive index (1.79) and slightly reduced GPC (1.03 A/cycle) at 250 W plasma annealing indicated possible densification and crystallization of the films. Indeed, X-ray measurements confirmed that in situ plasma annealed films grow in a monoclinic β-Ga2O3 crystal phase. The film crystallinity and density further enhance (from 5.11 to 5.60 g/cm3) by increasing the rf power value used during in situ Ar plasma annealing process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement of the β-Ga2O3 sample grown under optimal in situ plasma annealing power (250 W) revealed near-ideal film stoichiometry (O/Ga of ∼1.44) with relatively low carbon content (∼5 at. %), whereas 50 W rf power treated film was highly non-stoichiometric (O/Ga of ∼2.31) with considerably elevated carbon content. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of in situ Ar plasma annealing process to transform amorphous wide bandgap oxide semiconductors into crystalline films without needing high-temperature post-deposition annealing treatment.
Lung and Cardiac Ultrasound for Assessment of Intravascular Volume Status in Children

Accurate assessment of fluid volume status is one of the vital tasks in the care of critically ill children. “To fill or not to fill,” in other words “whether to administer intravenous fluids or not” is the dilemma frequently faced by physicians caring for hemodynamically unstable patients. However, in routine clinical practice, most decisions regarding fluid therapy are made empirically with limited objective data. Over the past several years, point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) has emerged as a valuable adjunct to bedside clinical examination to answer focused questions, particularly in the field of emergency medicine. As it is performed by the same clinician making therapeutic decisions at the bedside as opposed to a formal ultrasound study performed and interpreted by the radiology department, it saves time and expedites care. Moreover, it is safe and does not expose patients to radiation. This is particularly important in the intensive care unit, where cumulative radiation dose can be higher during prolonged stays. The advent of cheaper and highly portable ultrasound devices has made this technique suitable for underserved areas and resource-limited settings. In this chapter, we will briefly review the technique and interpretation of the lung and limited cardiac ultrasound in the context of volume status assessment.