cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The pressure drop created by a ball settling in a quiescent suspension of comparably sized spheres

Measurements are reported of the pressure differences Δ P existing at large distances above and below a ball settling along the axis of a circular cylinder filled with an otherwise quiescent viscous Newtonian liquid in which identical particles, comparable in size to the settling ball, are suspended. The suspensions ranged in solids volume fraction ϕ from 0.30 to 0.50 and consisted of 0.635 cm diameter spheres density-matched to the suspending oil. The settling balls varied in diameter from 0.318 to 1.27 cm, resulting in particle Reynolds numbers always less than about 0.4 based upon ball diameter and the effective viscosity of the suspension. For the moderately concentrated suspension (ϕ=0.30), the product of Δ P with the cross-sectional area A of the containing cylinder was observed to be equal to twice the drag force D on the settling sphere, in accord with theory. In the more concentrated suspension (ϕ=0.50) this product was found to be slightly, but significantly, less than twice the drag on the settling sphere. It is speculated that this lower pressure drop may result from the presence of one or more of the following phenomena: (i) migration of the falling ball off the cylinder axis ; (ii) apparent slip of the suspension at the cylinder wall; (iii) blunting of the otherwise Poiseuillian parabolic velocity profile, the latter phenomenon being known to occur during the creeping flow of concentrated suspensions through circular tubes. Incidental to the suspension experiments, for a homogeneous fluid we verify the classical theoretical formula for the off-axis pressure drop when the sphere settles at a non-concentric position in the cylinder.
Improved Tardiness Bounds for Global EDF

The Earliest Deadline First scheduling algorithm (EDF) is known to not be optimal under global scheduling on multiprocessor platforms. Results have been obtained that bound the maximum tardiness&#x2013; the amount of time by which deadlines may be missed&#x2013; of any feasible system of implicit-deadline sporadic tasks scheduled using global EDF. However, it is known that these bounds are not tight. In this paper, we derive an algorithm for obtaining tardiness bounds that are superior to previously known bounds. In contrast to prior algorithms, which compute a single tardiness bound for all the tasks in the system, our algorithm derives a separate tardiness bound for each task. Particularly upon task systems in which the parameters of the tasks are very dissimilar, our bounds are significantly better than prior bounds. Our algorithm also yields a simple sufficient test for the tardiness verification problem: given a task system with maximum acceptable tardiness bounds per task, is the system guaranteed to be scheduled by global EDF such that these tardiness constraints are not violated?
Metabolism of odd-numbered fatty acids inOchromonas danica

The lipids of the protozoon,Ochromonas danica, contain very small amounts of odd-numbered fatty acids. Nevertheless the organism incorporates into its lipids odd- as well as evenumbered acids from the media. Unsaturated odd acids such as 9–17∶1 or 6,9,12–17∶3 were efficient substrates for elongation and desaturation in the proximal and the former acid also in the distal part of the chain. In contrast none of these conversions was observed with 7–17∶1, 10–17∶1 and 10,13–19∶2 acids, although these substrates were taken up by the organism. Elongation and desaturation of the proximal part of already unsaturated fatty acid chains appear to be subject to the same structural requirements inO. danica as in the rat, and the same effects apply to desaturation in the distal part of the chain.
Batch splitting in an assembly scheduling environment

Abstract This paper presents mathematical models and algorithms for a production scheduling problem with batch splitting of assembly operations. The operation precedence is represented in an operations network, and the operations at any particular workcenter are split into suitable batch sizes on the available identical parallel processors for faster completion. The solution methodology comprises of a batch splitting algorithm followed by a batch scheduling algorithm. The batch splitting algorithm is developed based on a preemptive scheduling algorithm after incorporating non-zero setup times. The batch scheduling algorithm is based on a critical path algorithm for an operations network. The mathematical model also considers movesizes for batches which determine the threshold for the batch size that needs to be built up before it can be transferred for the successor operation. The computational results for different problem sizes show that the proposed solution scheme can satisfactorily solve this complex scheduling problem for cases where the standard solvers fail to generate solutions within practical time limits. Moreover, there is a significant reduction in makespan due to batch splitting.
Pseudocyclops: two cases of ACL graft partial tears mimicking cyclops lesions on MRI

Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using autografts or allografts is a common surgical procedure, particularly in young athletes. Although the procedure has excellent success rates, complications such as mechanical impingement, graft rupture, and arthrofibrosis can occur, often necessitating additional surgery. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become a valuable tool in evaluating complications after ACL reconstruction. We report two cases of ACL reconstruction complicated by arthroscopically proven partial graft tears. In both cases the torn anterior graft fibers were flipped into the intercondylar notch, mimicking anterior arthrofibrosis, i.e., a "cyclops lesion," on MR imaging. Careful review of the direction of graft fibers on MR imaging in the "pseudocyclops" lesions can help differentiate these partial tears from the fibrosis of a true cyclops. The "pseudocyclops" lesion is a previously undescribed MR imaging sign of partial ACL graft tear. Larger studies are required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the sign, as well as the clinical importance of these partial graft tears.
Methane gas sensor application of cuprous oxide synthesized by thermal oxidation

Application of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films for methane gas sensors was investigated. The Cu2O films were prepared by the thermal oxidation of Cu films under reduced partial pressure of oxygen. The XRD and AFM measurements were performed to investigate crystal structure and the surface properties of synthesized Cu2O films. According to the XRD patterns, the films had a preferred (111) orientation. Sensors were fabricated using synthesized Cu2O films and their sensitivity, response times, and recovery times were measured at different temperatures for different methane concentrations. The sensor exhibited a high sensitivity, a fast response time, and a fast recovery time for methane gas at an operation temperature as low as 180 °C. The Cu2O has unique characteristics, such as has p-type conduction, high conductivity, and high carrier mobility. The fast and high response of Cu2O sensor for methane was explained as due to the increase of resistance in intrinsic p-type Cu2O in the presence of methane gas. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gross error modeling and detection in plant linear dynamic reconciliation

This paper presents a method to identify and estimate gross errors in plant linear dynamic data reconciliation. An integral dynamic data reconciliation method presented in a previous paper (Bagajewicz and Jiang, 1997) is extended to allow multiple gross error estimation. The dynamic integral measurement test is extended to identify hold-up measurements as suspects of gross error. A series of theorems are used to show the equivalencies of gross errors and to discuss the issue of exact identification. A serial approach for gross error identification and estimation is then presented. Gross errors are identified without the need for measurement elimination. The strategy is capable of effectively identifying a large number of gross errors.
Morphometric characterization of the neuromuscular junction of rodents intoxicated with 2,4-dithiobiuret: evidence that nerve terminal recycling processes contribute to muscle weakness.

Abstract 2,4-Dithiobiuret (DTB) causes ascending motor weakness when given chronically to rodents. In muscles of animals with DTB-induced weakness, quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) is impaired. We examined in detail the structural changes that occurred at neuromuscular junctions and their associated Schwann cells of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of male rats treated with DTB to the onset of muscle weakness, 5–8 days. Our objective was to assess the involvement of the Schwann cells and to determine the most likely primary targets of DTB. At the onset of muscle weakness, nerve terminals exhibited some enlarged regions, but did not sprout. Terminal Schwann cells became flatter and expanded to cover most of the endplate. The extent of invasion of the synaptic cleft by Schwann cell processes was not significantly different from controls; extension of Schwann cell sprouts away from the junction was not seen. Thus, the morphology of the Schwann cells, although clearly affected by DTB, does not suggest that they contribute directly to the physiological defects of DTB-treated terminals. Abnormal tubulovesicular structures or tangles of neurofilaments were clustered in the centers of about 25% of treated terminals. Fewer synaptic vesicles occupied the region opposite the postsynaptic folds. Vesicle volumes were variable and included some very large vesicles, corresponding with the variable MEPP amplitudes reported previously for terminals of DTB-treated rodents. The postsynaptic area stained by rhodamine-labeled α-bungarotoxin expanded with terminal swelling, apparently by unpleating of the postsynaptic folds. No loss of ACh receptors or spread of ACh receptors beyond terminal boundaries was detected. Morphometric data are consistent with the conclusion that DTB affects, either directly or indirectly, vesicular release of ACh and the subsequent vesicular recycling process.
The relationship between resin mechanical properties and Mode I delamination fracture toughness

The purpose of this investigation has been to define better the relationship between resin mechanical properties and the resultant Mode I delamination toughness. Five resin systems have been selected for study: (i) Hercules 3502 (a highly crosslinked epoxy); (ii) Hexcel F 155 (a rubber-toughened, moderate crosslink density system with epoxy equivalent weight of 280); (iii) Hexcel 155 without the rubber particle additions; (iv) Hexcel F185 (a rubber-toughened, low crosslink density system with epoxy equivalent weight of 410); and (v) Hexcel F185 without the rubber particles. The F155 system had 5.7% carboxyterminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) added to the resin. It was added in the form of 2.3% liquid and 3.4% solid rubber additions. The F185 had 8.1% liquid Hycar CTBN and 5.4% solid Hycar 1472 CTBN added to the resin [1]. It is possible that not all of the liquid CTBN precipitated as particles, but that some of it may have been retained in solution as a plasticizer. The neat resin mechanical properties which might correlate with delamination fracture toughness include tensile elongation, modulus, and neat resin critical energy release rate G~c. These neat resin properties have been measured for each of the resins along with the tensile strain to failure for transverse fracture of unidirectional laminates. These results have been correlated with Mode I delamination fracture toughness measurements made from unidirectional symmetric split laminate tests [2]. The neat resin fracture toughness was determined using compact tension specimens. The experimental results are summarized in Tables I to III. The non-linear component of the strain to failure was calculated by subtracting from the total elongation the linear elastic portion of the strain (the ratio of the strength to modulus). Fig. 1 shows the expected monotonic increase in fracture toughness with both non-linear strain to failure and total strain TAB LE I Mechanical properties of resins (measured at 22 ° C) Resin Resin Resin non-linear Resin Resin tensile system elongation strain to failure UTS modulus (%) (%) (MPa) (GPa)
QEX: An in-process quality control expert system

Abstract True computer-integrated manufacturing requires that many links between factory processes become more automated, more computerized, and more intelligent. Many links between processes, however, are based on human judgement, experience, and intuition. These are naturally difficult tasks to automate, but the advent of artificial intelligence, and specifically expert system programming, has made such links possible. This paper presents a research effort toward one of these links, that of quality control judgements of ongoing processes. The use of expert system programming, combined with in-process metrology and system integration, allows the factory to be more fully automated and computer-integrated, resulting in higher precess precision and lower production errors. This paper will discuss how the expert system approach is used to integrate the quality judgement process into the production process, and bring the factory one step further toward total CIM.
Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of adiposity.

In recent years, there has been uncertainty concerning the association of inappropriate gonadotropin secretion (high LH and normal FSH) and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the present study, we ascertained the influence of body composition on LH pulsatile parameters in 33 PCOS and 32 normal cycling (NC) women across a wide range of body mass index (BMI, 19–42 kg/m2). Twenty four-hour pulsatile parameters for serum LH (10-min sampling) and pituitary gonadotropin responses to iv bolus GnRH (10 μg) were evaluated. Fasting (0800 h) FSH and steroid hormone concentrations and 24-h mean insulin levels were determined. Insulin sensitivity (SI) was assessed by rapid iv glucose tolerance test in a subset of 28 PCOS and 29 NC subjects. Our results showed that BMI, an indicator of relative adiposity, had a significant negative impact on 24-h mean LH pulse amplitude (r =− 0.63, P < 0.001) and the peak increment of LH in response to GnRH stimulation (r = −0.41; P = 0.02) for PCOS but not NC women. In contrast,...
Isolation and structural characterization of two tadalafil analogs found in dietary supplements

Abstract During routine screenings of two “libido enhancer” dietary supplements using LC–MSn, two compounds were detected that displayed structural similarities to tadalafil. These compounds were isolated from the supplements using high-performance liquid chromatography with fraction collection, and were characterized further using accurate mass determination and NMR. “Compound 1” had an m/z of 434 for the [M+H]+ ion, with a corresponding chemical formula of C24H24N3O5. “Compound 2” had an m/z of 432 for the [M+H]+ ion, with a corresponding chemical formula of C25H26N3O4. Although mass spectrometry indicated that these modifications occurred in place of the –CH3 found on the pyrazinopyridoindole-1,4-dione of tadalafil, NMR was required to elucidate the correct configurations of these substitutions. The data obtained using NMR indicated that the structure of the –C3H7O moiety found in Compound 1 was 2-hydroxypropyl, and the –C4H9 in Compound 2 was n-butyl. These new analogs were given the names 2-hydroxypropylnortadalafil and n-butylnortadalafil, respectively.
Mission impossible: diffusion and drift in the microfinance industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly examine sources of mission diffusion and mission drift in the microfinance industry and to identify consequences of and remedies to these problems.Design/methodology/approach – Extensive field experience relating to individual microfinance institutions (MFIs) and industry trends provides the grounding for a review of the trade and academic literatures in microfinance and social enterprise management.Findings – Mission diffusion arises from pursuing diverse approaches to poverty alleviation and addressing disparate and changing stakeholder interests. Mission drift arises from commercialization and conversion activities aimed toward enhancing ratings and achieving scale. Mission clarity can be regained through clarification of the mission along with more effective corporate governance and performance management systems.Practical implications – The tension between financial and social performance is not merely ideological – economic realities make it almos...
Recurrent A V block following ablation for AVNRT

Slow pathway modification has become the mainstay for the treatment of atrio-ventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) ablation because of high success rate and low incidence of complications. Our patient had a rare complication of slow pathway modification by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in form of delayed complete heart block, occurring 10 days after the procedure and resolving in 6 weeks to normal conduction. Complete AV block is a rare immediate complication of RFA but can present weeks later. Transient atrio-ventricular (AV) block during the procedure is seen in all patients who develop delayed AV block and these patients should be monitored closely.
Is outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy wise

The authors report a prospective analysis of their experience with 506 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies to examine the appropriatenss of outpatient or same-day laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirty-eight patients experienced at least one postoperative complication. The complication was clinically evident or suspected in only 4 of these 38 patients within 8 h following surgery. Thirty-nine percent and 76% of complications were clinically detected at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Nausea and vomiting occurred among 32% of all patients on the day of operation and extended into the 1st postoperative day in 10%. Compared to predicted values, forced vital capacity was 61±5% 1 h postoperatively in 32 patients studied. At 6 and 24 h postoperatively, forced vital capacity was 63±7% and 66±7% respectively. Postoperative analgesic medication requirement was determined in 220 patients who were provided with a patient-controlled intravenous morphine analgesia machine with no basal rate. Consumption of morphine was highly variable but substantial on the day of operation: 17±16 mg. Most complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including life-threatening complications, are not apparent by 8 h postoperatively and may not be apparent at 24 h. The potential for delay in the diagnosis and treatment of complications, variable but substantial analgesic requirements, impaired postoperative ventilation, and postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction argue for the need to use great caution in selecting patients for outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Criteria are proposed to identify patients who are safest for outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Rational Motion Interpolation Under Kinematic Constraints of Spherical 6R Closed Chains

The work reported in this paper brings together the kinematics of spherical closed chains and the recently developed freeform rational motions to study the problem of synthesizing rational interpolating motions under the kinematic constraints of spherical 6R closed chains. The results presented in this paper are extension of our previous work on the synthesis of piecewise rational spherical motions for spherical open chains. The kinematic constraints under consideration are workspace related constraints that limit the position of the links of spherical closed chains in the Cartesian space. Quaternions are used to represent spherical displacements. The problem of synthesizing smooth piecewise rational motions is converted into that of designing smooth piecewise rational curves in the space of quaternions. The kinematic constraints are transformed into geometric constraints for the design of quaternion curves. An iterative algorithm for constrained motion interpolation is presented that detects the violation of the kinematic constraints by searching for those extreme points of the quaternion curve that do not satisfy the constraints. Such extreme points are modified so that the constraints are satisfied and the resulting new points are added to the ordered set of the initial positions to be interpolated. An example is presented to show how this algorithm produces smooth spherical rational spline motions that satisfy the kinematic constraints of a spherical 6R closed chain. The algorithm can also be used for the synthesis of rational interpolating motions that approximate the kinematic constraints of spherical 5R and 4R closed chains within a user-defined tolerance.
Quantification of the Memory Imprint Effect for a Charged Particle Environment

The effects of total accumulated dose on the single-event vulnerability of NMOS resistive-load SRAM's are investigated. The bias-dependent shifts in device parameters can imprint the memory state present during exposure or erase the imprinted state. Analysis of these effects is presented along with an analytic model developed for the quantification of these effects. The results indicate that the imprint effect is dominated by the difference in the threshold voltage of the n-channel devices.
843 HIGHER SERUM CARNITINE LEVELS AND KETOGENESIS IN BREAST FED AS COMPARED TO FORMULA FED INFANTS

The normal newborn infant undergoes a marked metabolic transition in the first days of life. A major feature of this postnatal metabolic adaptation is development of the capacity to utilize fatty acids and ketone bodies as energy substrates. Because of the essential role of carnitine in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, we have investigated relationships between serum carnitine concentrations and serum levels of ketone bodies in breast fed as compared to formula fed newborns. The mean carnitine concentrations in cord blood of normal fullterm newborns was 34 nmoles/ml. At 42 hours of age, breast fed newborns demonstrated higher carnitine levels (56 nmoles/ml) as compared with canitine levels of formula fed infants (32 nmoles/ml). Correspondingly, by 42 hours of age, serum ketone body concentrations (β-hydroxybutyrate plus aceto-acetate) were higher in breast fed (5.9 nmoles/ml) as compared with formula fed infants (3.0 nmoles/ml). The mean glucose concentrations in both groups of infants showed no significant differences. Carnitine concentrations of isolated samples of human breast milk ranged between 50-100 nmoles/ml and were similar to that of formula (40-80 nmoles/ml) suggesting that the carnitine in breast milk may be better absorbed than carnitine in commercial formulas. The data further suggests a relationship between serum carnitine concentration and ketogenesis in newborn infants.
Reproductive capacity of adult female rats treated prepuberally with estrogenic hormone.

Various morphological alterations have been observed after prolonged administration of estrogenic hormones to female rats and mice. The age at which treatment is begun is suspected to differentially influence impairment of the reproductive capacity in later life. Specification of this effect was undertaken using different groups of female albino rats injected with estradiol dipropionate for a period of 28 days. Treatments began at various prepuberal ages between birth and the 40th day of life. The results indicated that treatment begun on the 15th day or later caused no permanent impairment of reproductive function. The adult females studied 3 or more months later displayed regular estrous cycles mated bore litters and lactated. Treatment begun earlier than the 15th day caused varying degrees of impairment. Alterations were most severe in rats administered the estrogen in the 1st day. Spontaneous sexual behavior was never exhibited and vaginal smears indicated a persistent diestrous condition. Uteri and ovaries were small the interstitial tissue was extremely atropic and the mammary ducts were abnormally thickened with irregular and profuse branching. Treatment begun on the 5th and 10th days produced many of the same morphologic alterations but to a lesser degree. As with the animals treated on the 1st day sexual behavior was completely abolished.
Active Range-Only beacon localization for AUV homing

This paper presents a solution to the 3D RangeOnly beacon localization problem using a Sum of Gaussians (SOG) filter together with an Active Localization method, which is based on the minimization of the beacon position uncertainty, in order to ensure the problem observability and a fast convergence. The method is applied to autonomously locate a subsea panel and home to it in order to establish visual contact to later launch a visual servoing based docking task. The method is demonstrated through field experiments in a harbor environment with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) including Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) ground truth information.
Growth of Tomato in Biosolids–Woodchip Co‐compost with Varying Proportions of Peat Moss and Perlite Subjected to Two Fertilization Regimes

Media were prepared with 0, 16.7, 33.3, 66.7, or 100% biosolids (sewage sludge)–woodchip co‐compost and complementary components of equal volumetric percentages of perlite and sphagnum peat moss, straight perlite, or straight peat moss that received either preplant fertilization or post‐transplant periodic solution fertilization. Shoot dry weight of ‘Beefsteak’ tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at 6 weeks after transplanting was not increased by exceeding 33.3% co‐compost, and maximal growth resulted when the complementary components were equal peat moss and perlite or all peat moss. Preplant fertilization or solution fertilization increased shoot dry weight in media containing 16.7 or 33.3% co‐compost irrespective of complementary components. Shoot dry weight in media containing 66.7% co‐compost was increased by preplant fertilization but not by solution fertilization. Using perlite as the complementary medium rather than equal perlite and peat moss or all peat moss decreased total pore space...
Self-selection, earnings and Chicano migration: differences between return and onward migrants.

The purpose of this article is to extend the empirical literature on Chicano return migration by examining earnings differentials between return and onward Chicano migrants. Our approach reflects t...
Inhibition of calmodulin-stimulated (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity by dimethyl sulfoxide

Membrane-bound (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity from human erythrocyte white ghosts in the calmodulin-activated state was inhibited by DMSO in concentrations of 3% (v/v) and above. At 10%, DMSO inhibited calmodulin activation by 47.7%, while basal, calmodulin-independent (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and (Mg2+)-ATPase activity remained unaffected. (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity was also reduced but exhibited a greater IC50. Concentration-effect analyses showed the inhibition by 10% DMSO to be a reversible, non-competitive effect with regard to calmodulin, Ca2+, and substrate activation. Calmodulin-stimulated processes may be more susceptible to inhibition by DMSO than related enzymatic catalysis, and thus may help explain the multitude of reported cellular events caused by the solvent. Furthermore, DMSO affected membrane-associated enzymatic mechanisms opposite to those reported for purified enzyme outside its native membrane environment.
pH dependent protein stability: A quantitative approach based on Kramer's barrier escape

Abstract The folding–unfolding mechanism of a protein in a living cell is the result of its molecular response to various perturbations due to changes in the chemical environment such as pH, ion concentration, ligand binding and many other complex chemical reactions. In this letter, a theoretical scheme based on single molecule force spectroscopy experiments and related theories, has been followed to capture the effect of the change of pH for a slow protonation-coupled folding–unfolding process, and the free energy landscape has been quantified in terms of protonation numbers, barrier height and pH, following Kramer's barrier crossing formalism.
Cutaneous epithelioid malignant nerve sheath tumor with rhabdoid features: a histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of three cases.

Introduction: Malignant rhabdoid tumors are morphologically defined as sheets of loosely cohesive cells with eccentric nuclei and hyaline, paranuclear inclusions. Although originally described as a distinctive renal neoplasm of childhood, these tumors have since been described in all age groups and in a variety of extrarenal sites. In the latter setting, it is thought that the rhabdoid phenotype is comprised of histogenetically unrelated tumors, that regardless of histogenesis, pursue a biologically aggressive behavior. Methods: We report on the clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural characteristics of three cases of cutaneous malignant rhabdoid tumor. Results: Each of the cases arose on the trunk or the extremity of elderly men. None of the patients had neurofibromatosis. All of the lesions histologically showed sheets of loosely cohesive polygonal cells with eccentric nuclei and hyaline paranuclear inclusions. Each of the cases showed the following immunophenotype: S-100 (+), synaptophysin(+), vimentin (+), alpha smooth muscle actin (-), CD-30 (-). HMB-45 (-), and pankeratin(-), Ultrastructure of two of the cases yielded similar results showing paranuclear filamentous aggregates of intermediate filaments, cell membrane dense plaques, and rudimentary cell junctions consistent with nerve sheath differentiation. Tonofilaments, dense bodies, microtubules, neurosecretory granules, and melanosomes were not identified. Each of the patients died of widely metastatic disease within 1 year of diagnosis. Conclusions: Cutaneous epithelioid malignant nerve sheath tumor is a potentially aggressive tumor capable of showing rhabdoid differentiation thus simulating a variety of neoplasms. Immunophenotyping and ultrastructural analysis reliably discriminates these lesions from melanoma, de-differentiated carcinoma, lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.
When patrons call the shots: patron-driven acquisition at Brigham Young University

Purpose – This paper seeks to provide evidence that patron‐driven acquisition is a successful collection development tool.Design/methodology/approach – The study used cost, usage, and cost per use as measurements to compare patron‐driven acquired print and electronic books with traditionally acquired print and electronic books to determine the success of five different patron‐driven methods.Findings – The study found that usage is much higher and the cost and cost per use is lower for patron‐driven acquisition methods than for traditional collection development methods.Originality/value – Collection development and acquisitions librarians can benefit from this research comparing traditional collection development methods with multiple patron‐driven acquisitions methods to better manage their resources.
File Versioning for Block-Level Continuous Data Protection

Block-level continuous data protection (CDP) logs every disk block update so that disk updates within a time window are undoable. Standard file servers and DBMS servers can enjoy the data protection service offered by block-level CDP without any modification. Unfortunately, no existing block-level CDP systems can provide users a file versioning view on top of the block versions they maintain. As a result, the data they maintain cannot be used as an extension to the on-line system with which users routinely interact. This paper describes a name-based user-level file versioning system called UVFS that is designed to reconstruct file versions from disk block versions maintained by a block-level CDP. UVFS reconstructs file versions by following the last modified time of files and directories, a common file metadata supported by almost all modern file systems, and therefore does not require any modification to the host file system that a block-level CDP system protects. In addition, UVFS incorporates a file system-specific incremental consistency check mechanism to quickly convert an arbitrary point-in-time block-level snapshot to a file system-consistent one. Performance measurements taken from a fully operational UVFS prototype show that the average end-to-end elapsed time required to discover a file version is under 50 msec from the perspective of an NFS client serviced by an NFS server backed by a block-level CDP system.
Selective chemical vapor deposition of tungsten for microdynamic structures

A selective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) tungsten process is used to fabricate three-dimensional tungsten cantilever beams on a silicon substrate. Two beams form micromechanical tweezers that move in three dimensions by the application of potential differences between the beams, and between the beams and the silicon substrate. A high-deposition-rate selective tungsten CVD process is used to fabricate beams of greater than three microns thickness in patterned CVD SiO/sub 2/ trenches ion-implanted with silicon. Tweezer 200- mu m in length with a cross section of 2.7 mu m*2.5 mu m close with an applied voltage of less than 150 V. The magnitude of the deflection and the beam profile are compared to results obtained using simulations of the electric field and dynamic mechanical simulations of the tweezers. >
An Empathetic Approach to Physical Education Teacher Education

The current crisis in societal obesity and other inactivity-related chronic health disorders has become a widespread concern in the United States. Physical Education (PE), with its propensity for physical activity, has the potential to provide solutions to many chronic health issues. However, a large body of literature suggests that generations of students have been “turned off” to lifelong physical activity because of negative experiences in traditional PE classes. A more student-centered approach may be needed to ensure that all students have an opportunity to lead a healthy, physical life. The purpose of this research study was to determine the effect of a semester-long empathy-focused educational intervention on empathy levels in 59 college-level students studying in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) Programs at three East-coast universities. A quantitative pre-post quasi-experimental design with control groups was used to measure changes in pre-existing empathy levels among participants. Subjects were given the Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) empathy scale and a reflective essay assignment. Experimental groups participated in a curricular intervention involving an emphasis on empathy and affective educational practices. ANCOVA results revealed statistically significant findings in “Higher Order” empathy levels in the experimental groups, F (1, 49) = 4.36, p = .04. Analysis of reflective essays also suggested a change in experimental group subjects’ personal view of PE toward an empathetic approach. Study strengths, weaknesses, and implications for future research and practice are discussed. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my most sincere appreciation to Dr. Susan Roush who spent countless hours working with me to make this project worthy of a dissertation. Thank you for your insight, guidance and belief in my work. Thank you to committee member Dr. Karen Castagno, for contributing valuable instruction, assistance, and enthusiasm, and to committee member Dr. Lori Ciccomascolo, for being a strong contributor and supporter of my professional endeavors. Thank you to committee member Dr. Roger Eldridge and committee Chair Dr. Margie Rogers for coming on board to help me when
Parallel algorithms for the assignment and minimum-cost flow problems

Let G = (V, E) be a network for an assignment problem with 2n nodes and m edges, in which the largest edge cost is C. Recently the class of instances of bipartite matching problems has been shown to be in RNC provided that C is O(log^kn) for some fixed k. We show how to use scaling so as to develop an improved parallel algorithm and show that bipartite matching problems are in the class RNC provided that C = O(n^l^o^g^^^k^n) for some fixed k. We then generalize these results to minimum-cost flow problems. Let U be an upper bound on the capacities of the edges and on the largest demand. We show that the minimum-cost flow problems is in the class RNC, provided that log(C + U) = O(log^kn) for some fixed k. Thus the minimum-cost flow problem is in the class RNC even when the magnitude of the costs and capacities are allowed to grow faster than any polynomial in n. The key to our approach is to reduce the number of processors needed from an amount that is proportional to the magnitude of the largest edge cost to an amount that is independent of the magnitude of the largest edge cost. The tradeoff is an increase in the running time that grows linearly in log(C + U).
The Adult Sensory Profile: Measuring Patterns of Sensory Processing

Objective This article describes a series of studies designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Adult Sensory Profile. Method Expert judges evaluated the construct validity of the items. Coefficient alpha, factor analysis, and correlations of items with subscales determined item reliability, using data from 615 adult sensory profiles. A subsample of 20 adults furnished skin conductance data. A heterogeneous group of 93 adults completed the revised Adult Sensory Profile, and item reliability was reexamined. Results Expert judgment indicated that items could be categorized according to Dunn's Model of Sensory Processing. Results suggested reasonable item reliability for all subscales except for the Sensation Avoiding subscale. Skin conductance measures detected distinct patterns of physiological responses consistent with the four-quadrant model. Revision of the Adult Sensory Profile resulted in improved reliability of the Sensation Avoiding subscale. Conclusion The series of studies provides evidence to support the four subscales of the Adult Sensory Profile as distinct constructs of sensory processing preferences.
Breast Cancer Prevention

The Oncologist 2002;7:100-102 www.TheOncologist.com Dr. Trevor Powles’ review [1] of current results from clinical trials of agents that may prevent breast cancer from ever beginning or suppress preclinical disease touches on several issues critical in interpreting our understanding of this subject and on translating this understanding into evidence-based clinical practice. This commentary restates, emphasizes, and expands on the most important issues.
Nanomedicine approaches in vascular disease: a review

Nanomedicine approaches have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and vascular diseases, where the limitations of rapid nonspecific clearance, poor biodistribution and harmful side effects associated with direct systemic drug administration can be overcome by packaging the agents within sterically stabilized, long-circulating nanovehicles that can be further surface-modified with ligands to actively target cellular/molecular components of the disease. With significant advancements in genetics, proteomics, cellular and molecular biology and biomaterials engineering, the nanomedicine strategies have become progressively refined regarding the modulation of surface and bulk chemistry of the nanovehicles, control of drug release kinetics, manipulation of nanoconstruct geometry and integration of multiple functionalities on single nanoplatforms. The current review aims to capture the various nanomedicine approaches directed specifically toward vascular diseases during the past two decades. Analysis of the promises and limitations of these approaches will help identify and optimize vascular nanomedicine systems to enhance their efficacy and clinical translation in the future.
Age Deficits in Learning Sequences of Spoken Words

Previous research has demonstrated age-related deficits in implicit learning of visual sequences characterized by subtle predictive relationships among the sequence elements. This study investigates whether this reflects modality-specific, or more general, sequence learning deficits by using an auditory sequence-learning task. Young and old adults responded with a key press to each of a series of unrelated spoken words. Unknown to the participants, every other word was presented in a fixed, repeating order with alternate words chosen at random. Both groups responded more quickly and accurately to the predictable than to unpredictable words, revealing sequence learning. However, elderly participants showed less learning than young participants on several measures. This suggests that age-related deficits in implicit sequence learning reflect a general impairment in learning subtle environmental covariations rather than a modality-specific visual impairment.
The influence of rendering quality on presence and task performance in a virtual environment

This user study investigated how rendering quality contributes to the sense of presence and level of task performance of participants in a virtual environment. Fifty-five participants performed the task of dropping four objects in a two-room, virtual environment which was drawn with varying degrees of texture and lighting quality. Their physiological reactions were measured along with their accuracy at dropping objects onto a target. In addition, a series of questionnaires were administered to examine the participant's subjective sense of presence and object recall. An increase in physiological response, particularly heart rate, was demonstrated across all rendering conditions. Gender differences were noted in physiological responses, spatial ability tests, and simulator sickness questionnaires.
Regional lymph node irradiation.

When the lymph ondes are clinically negative (NO) and the risk of subclinical disease is 10%–15% or greater, the lymph nodes are included in the treatment portals and receive a minimum dose equivalent to 4500 cGy over 4½ weeks. In some clinical situations, the first-echelon nodes receive a much higher dose incidental to irradiation of the primary lesion. In the treatment portals used for cancers of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx, most of the high-risk neck nodes are encompassed by slight enlargement of the portals used to include the primary lesion. The decision to use elective lymph node irradiation depends on several factors: 1. Primary site and its relative density of capillary lymphatics 2. Risk of bilateral subclinical disease 3. Histologic grade and vascular space invasion 4. Depth of invasion and size of the primary lesion 5. Difficulty of neck examination 6. Relative morbidity for extending the lymph node coverage related to the risk of subclinical disease 7. Likelihood that the patient will return for frequent follow-up examinations 8. Suitability of the patient for a radical neck dissection should tumor appear in the neck
Public Participation, Procedural Fairness, and Evaluations of Local Governance: The Moderating Role of Uncertainty

The purpose of this article is to test whether the use of public participation by a local government increases perceptions of procedural fairness among the public and to propose an explanation for why fairness is a strong predictor of satisfaction with governmental decisions. To do this, we draw on the uncertainty management model to hypothesize that indications of procedural fairness can increase public support for government and its decisions and that fairness effects are greater for individuals who are more uncertain (less knowledgeable) about the governmental body in question. To test the hypothesis, we embedded an experiment in a survey of the public that was used by a local government to inform its budgetary decisions. The results provide support for the notion that governmental use of public input does increase perceptions of governmental fairness and that, in turn, perceptions of fairness have stronger relationships with overall governmental assessments for those who are relatively uncertain about a governmental institution.
Studies on proteinuria in the rat.

SummaryProteinuria was found to be a usual occurrence in albino rats, with an average excretion during fasting of 3.0 mg of globulin and 3.3 mg of albumin in 24 hours. Marked variation in the daily urinary protein excretion was observed. Evidence is obtained indicating glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of an Evans blue-plasma protein complex, and, by inference, of normal plasma protein. Such tubular reabsorption possibly involves the mitochondria of the tubular cells.
The Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center in Moscow: Judaism for the masses

In 2012, a new Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center opened in Moscow – an event unthinkable during the Soviet regime. Financed at the level of $50 million, created by an international crew of academics and museum designers, and located in a landmark building, the museum immediately rose to a position of cultural prominence in the Russian museum scene. Using interactive technology and multimedia, the museum's core exhibition presents several centuries of complex local Jewish history, including the Second World War period. Naturally, the Holocaust is an important part of the story. Olga Gershenson's essay analyzes the museum's relationship to Holocaust history and memory in the post-Soviet context. She describes the museum's struggle to reconcile a Soviet understanding of the “Great Patriotic War” with a dominant Western narrative of the Holocaust, while also bringing the Holocaust in the Soviet Union to a broader audience via the museum. Through recorded testimonies, period documents, and film, the museum's ...
The Effect of Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring on the Incidence of Residual Neuromuscular Blockade and Clinical Outcomes

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are useful perioperative medications. Despite this utility, their administration is associated with increased morbidity due to residual neuromuscular blockade. Clinical testing prior to tracheal extubation is subjective, dependent on the patient’s cooperation, and not predictive of adequate respiratory function to prevent the occurrence of postoperative critical respiratory events. The use of peripheral nerve stimulators may improve detection of residual weakness; however, this technique does not reliably detect residual paralysis, as it requires the subjective (and imperfect) assessment of fade in response to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring can be accomplished through a variety of modalities and remains as the most effective and reproducible method of detecting residual paralysis after NMBA administration. In this review, we will discuss the various techniques that are used clinically to assess depth of block and adequacy of reversal, with a focus on quantitative (objective) neuromuscular monitoring.