cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speeches, strangers, and alcohol use: the role of context in social stress response dampening.

Abstract According to the Stress Response Dampening model, problem drinking develops after learning that alcohol limits the stress response in anxiety-provoking situations. However, laboratory-based studies testing alcohol’s effects on social anxiety have yielded mixed results. The current study was the first to examine stress response dampening across two contexts: a performance-based (a speech) and an interaction-based (a conversation) social situation. Undergraduates ( N = 62; M age = 22.85; 31% women; 81% Caucasian) were randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BAC = .08%; n = 22), placebo ( n = 20), or nonalcoholic control ( n = 20) beverage followed by the anxiety-inducing social tasks. Results revealed a 3 (alcohol condition) × 2 (social task condition) × 4 (measurement point) interaction, controlling for baseline subjective state anxiety and trait social anxiety. The pattern of scores over the course of the task varied across alcohol conditions for the speech, but not the conversation. Specifically, participants in the alcohol and placebo conditions evidenced increased subjective anxiety following the first measurement point prior to the speech and their anxiety remained elevated at all subsequent measurements. Participants in the nonalcoholic control condition evidenced stable subjective anxiety ratings for all speech measurement points. Results did not support stress response dampening for either type of social situation. Instead, the only between-group difference found was that the placebo group reported greater subjective anxiety than the nonalcoholic control group after the speech. Concerns about alcohol’s negative effects on one’s performance might have led to increased anxiety. Findings shed light on previous inconsistent findings and highlight the need to consider context and timing in understanding drinking to cope with social anxiety.
A genome-wide study of lupus: preliminary analysis and data release.

: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease in which genetics is one of the underlying risk factors. Complicating the analysis of SLE is the fact that the phenotype is heterogeneous, with variations in clinical features, and subgroups are associated with a variety of different autoantibodies. Many association studies of candidate genes as well as linkage studies have generated significant results, highlighting the multigenetic component of the disease. Those findings need to be replicated by independent laboratories and many other genes still remain to be identified. Here, we present our findings on the first genome-wide association study performed in 105 Caucasian patients and controls using the Affymetrix NspI array. The SLE patients studied here were all characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against the U1–6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigen spliceosomal complex. Testing each SNP individually for association with disease, we identified 7 markers with an uncorrected P-value < 0.0001. Of those, three were in reported regions of linkage, namely 20p12, 2q37, and 4p15. To increase the power of our study, we included 60 controls corresponding to the parents from the publicly available CEPH families. The analysis of the 165 cases and controls leads to 28 SNPs being associated with an uncorrected P-value < 0.0001.
THE FUTURE CENTRAL CITY: GENTRIFIED OR ABANDONED?*

Displacement of minorities and low income individuals has been reported in the popular press and in a number of scholarly case studies. Whether displacement is a major national problem or limited to a number of isolated neighborhoods is the subject of national debate. Urban scholars point to decreasing overall demand for central city properties and an overall decrease in the number of white individuals living in the central city to discount the significance of the reports of displacement. This article analyzes both migration by race and housing trends in central cities. The analysis proceeds from nationally aggregated data to central city level and census tract level data. The argument is made that while the population is decreasing in central cities, the number of middle class individuals is increasing in many central city neighborhoods and the number of available housing units is decreasing. This is increasing the competition for existing units. If these trends continue and overall housing costs continue to increase, displacement is likely to become widespread.
Fluid Films with Curvature Elasticity

The phenomenology of surfactant fluid-film microstructures interspersed in bulk fluids poses significant challenges to continuum theory. By using simple models of elastic surfaces, chemical physicists have been partially successful in describing the qualitative features of ...
Influence of Natal Experience on Nest-Site Selection by Urban-Nesting Cooper's Hawks

Exposure to environmental features early in life potentially can influence the kinds of places animals select to live later in life. We examined whether there is evidence that Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) hatched in an urban environment choose sites with features similar to their natal areas when they nest for the first time. The features we examined were the nest tree species and the level of development surrounding the nest tree. We banded nestling and fledgling Cooper's hawks in Tucson, Arizona, USA, from 1994 to 2004. We then monitored nests in Tucson to identify hawks that had been hatched in the city and eventually secured a breeding site. Percent cover of buildings around first breeding nests was not related to percent cover of buildings around natal nests for either sex. There was some evidence that being hatched in a particular tree species influenced choice of tree species at first breeding sites for males, but the influence was weak. In contrast, tree species in which first-time breeders built their nests, and the sites where the trees were located relative to development, were proportional to what was available in the Tucson metropolitan area. Our data suggest that natal experience played a limited role in nest-site selection by Cooper's hawks in Tucson for the features we examined. If learning occurred, it could have been for the general structure of natal sites. Thus, any small grove of large trees planted in Tucson could be used as a nest site by Cooper's hawks regardless of the level of development surrounding the nest.
Decomposition of linear programs by dynamic programming

Abstract : The decomposition principle of Dantzig and Wolfe (Operations Research, 8:101-111 (1960)) is a method for breaking large linear programs with a block diagonal structure into a set of smaller subprograms. As alternative decomposition scheme derived from a dynamic programming approach is proposed here. This results in a series of parametric linear subprograms whose recursive solution yields the solution to the original linear program.
Nostalgia for the ordinary: Comments on papers by Unger and Wheeler

The furniture of the earth includes no furniture, according to Peter Unger and Samuel C. Wheeler, III. There are no tables, chairs, or footstools. There is no planet Earth, for that matter. Neither are there sticks or stones, logs or boulders. Unger restricts his denials of existence in the paper under discussion to ordinary inanimate objects, but both he and Wheeler are clearly inclined also to deny the existence of all plants and all animals including persons. Although both Wheeler and Unger use sorites arguments in their attempts to prove that there are no ordinary things, there is a great difference between their arguments. This difference can be expressed by invoking the simple metaphysical contrast between Appearance and Reality. Wheeler and Unger both think that the apparent exis tence of ordinary things is merely apparent. Unger argues that Ap pearance convicts itself of incoherence. His beliefs about reality are mainly negative: tables do not really exist, stones do not really exist, and so forth. On the question how Reality should be positively described, Unger can remain agnostic. Wheeler apparently agrees with Unger that ordinary beliefs about Appearance are internally inconsistent. Unlike Unger, however, he has strong views about the positive nature of the Real, on what is required for genuine causation, genuine properties, genuine kinds, and genuine reference to things in the world. Wheeler's main reason for rejecting Appearance as a sham and illusion is that he supposes there to be a conflict between the Real and the Apparent.
Characterization of the O-antigen polymerase (Wzy) of Francisella tularensis.

The O-antigen polymerase of Gram-negative bacteria has been difficult to characterize. Herein we report the biochemical and functional characterization of the protein product (Wzy) of the gene annotated as the putative O-antigen polymerase, which is located in the O-antigen biosynthetic locus of Francisella tularensis. In silico analysis (homology searching, hydropathy plotting, and codon usage assessment) strongly suggested that Wzy is an O-antigen polymerase whose function is to catalyze the addition of newly synthesized O-antigen repeating units to a glycolipid consisting of lipid A, inner core polysaccharide, and one repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide (O-PS). To characterize the function of the Wzy protein, a non-polar deletion mutant of wzy was generated by allelic replacement, and the banding pattern of O-PS was observed by immunoblot analysis of whole-cell lysates obtained by SDS-PAGE and stained with an O-PS-specific monoclonal antibody. These immunoblot analyses showed that O-PS of the wzy mutant expresses only one repeating unit of O-antigen. Further biochemical characterization of the subcellular fractions of the wzy mutant demonstrated that (as is characteristic of O-antigen polymerase mutants) the low molecular weight O-antigen accumulates in the periplasm of the mutant. Site-directed mutagenesis based on protein homology and topology, which was carried out to locate a catalytic residue of the protein, showed that modification of specific residues (Gly176, Asp177, Gly323, and Tyr324) leads to a loss of O-PS polymerization. Topology models indicate that these amino acids most likely lie in close proximity on the bacterial surface.
Effects of growth rates in models of size distribution formation in plants and animals

Abstract Size is critical in the life cycles of many organisms. In organisms like plants, fish, and numerous invertebrates, where growth rates are highly variable, even-aged cohorts may develop broad size distributions. A description of such distributions is provided by the Von Foerster equation (also called the Sinko and Streifer equation). Using mathematical methods developed for solving analogous equations in physics, one can obtain analytical results for a variety of assumptions concerning organism growth rates. Two general properties of growth rates are considered: (a) the functional form of the dependence of the individual organism's growth rate on time and organism size, and (b) the variation in growth rate magnitude across members of the cohort. Special cases of each of these properties are considered and applied to different phenomena related to the development of size distributions in animal and plant population cohorts.
Propofol impairment of mitochondrial respiration in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts determined by reflectance spectroscopy.

Objective:To simultaneously determine the effect of propofol on myocardial oxygenation, mitochondrial function, and whole organ function in an isolated heart model, using optical reflectance spectroscopy.Design:Controlled laboratory investigation.Setting:Research laboratory.Subjects:Twenty adult gui
A heuristic explanation of Batcher's baffler

Batcher’s Baffler — so named by David Gries — is a sorting algortihm that is of interest because many of its “comparison-swaps” can be executed concurrently. It is also of interest because it used to be hard to explain.
Relationships between dietary carotenoids, body tissue carotenoids, parasite burden, and health state in wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings

While rodents and other mammals have traditionally served as models for studying carotenoid physiology, many wild animals from a variety of other taxa utilize carotenoids for self-maintenance and reproduction and accumulate far greater concentrations than those found in mammals. Though we have basic understandings of the control and value of carotenoids in some wild animal systems, many gaps remain. For example, parasites and pathogens impose severe survival constraints on free-ranging organisms, but little is known of how carotenoids work in concert with the immune system to combat natural infectious challenges. Furthermore, due to the high mortality rate from which many young animals suffer, health and carotenoid status during the early stages of development may be critical to survival. The relative importance of dietary versus physiological mechanisms for carotenoid uptake has also been understudied in the wild. To begin to shed light on these issues, we studied relationships between dietary and tissue carotenoids, hematological immune parameters, and endoparasitism of wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings at a variety of ages. Lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and canthaxanthin were the most common carotenoids in liver, plasma, and gut contents. We found that, early in development (when food intake is limited), carotenoids were comparatively concentrated in internal tissue (e.g., liver), presumably a carry-over from maternal contributions in yolk, but as ducklings approached independence (and increasingly fed on their own) concentrations were greatest in gut contents. Canthaxanthin concentrations were lower in the plasma and liver of older individuals compared to younger ducklings, even though gut canthaxanthin concentration did not change with age. Additionally, β-carotene was nearly absent from circulation, despite moderate levels within the gut, suggesting a high rate of conversion to retinol. Using principal components analysis, we revealed a correlation between an increased ability to assimilate dietary carotenoids and lower levels of chronic stress (as assessed by lower heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios) and a correlation between a reduced carotenoid status and increased investment in the immune system (as assessed by higher total leukocyte count). We also found that individuals without parasites had an overall reduced carotenoid status. Thus, we demonstrate age-specific differences in carotenoid allocation in growing animals from a precocial bird species and provide correlational evidence that parasitism and health in wild animals are related to carotenoid status and assimilation ability.
Proportional Drivewheel Power And Steering Electronics For A 3-Wheel Robot

Proportional drivewheel power and steering electronics for a 3 -wheel robotVictor w. BolieDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131AbstractA power electronics system for a mobile robot with !12 volt batteries was developed,starting with a basic 3 -wheel chassis with on-off drive motors, pneumatic tires, and manu-ally steered nosewheel. Power steering was provided by installing a suitable motor,gearbox, roller- chain, and sprockets. A steering servo was realized by adding a differ-ential power amplifier and feedback potentiometer. Using an input pulse train of variableduty cycle, an independently controllable power module for each of the two drivewheelmotors was designed for proportional no -load speed response. Circuit details and testresults are presented.IntroductionFor the vehicle studies reported here, the basic mechanical components were assembledfrom the remnants of a Braun tri- wheeler (the Braun Corporation, Winamac, Indiana).
Clinical and biologic effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the treatment of myelokathexis

Successful treatment of a patient with myelokathexis, a rare form of chronic neutropenia associated with recurrent infections, is described. Rapid mobilization of bone marrow neutrophils and improved myeloid morphologic features were observed after treatment with human granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Transient thrombocytopenia and bone pain were observed during treatment. Although neutrophil chemotaxis, superoxide production, and FcRIII surface expression were reduced, the patient improved clinically after restoration of a normal neutrophil count.
Quadratic Surface Rendering on a Logic-Enhanced Frame-Buffer Memory

A new system, Pixel-powers, has been designed for the rapid rendering of curved surfaces. This system is a generalization of the design of our logic-enhanced framed buffer memory system, Pixel-planes. Our new design can directly evaluate quadratic expressions of the form Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F for every pixel (x,y) in the image in parallel. Sample images generated by a high-level simulation of the new system are shown.
How is radiation energy absorption different between the condensed phase and the gas phase

(1991). How is radiation energy absorption different between the condensed phase and the gas phase? Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids: Vol. 117, No. 1-3, pp. 143-162.
Development and validation of the Agents’ Socially Desirable Responding (ASDR) scale

While the marketing discipline has advanced knowledge by augmenting objective measures of marketing performance with survey-solicited subjective measures, it has not adequately attended to potential response biases. The authors’ review of the literature highlights the need for a valid measure of socially desirable responding that can be used in detecting social desirability bias in managers’ responses to subjective performance measures. Agents’ Socially Desirable Responding (ASDR) scale development and validation procedures are described. Validation efforts reveal the psychometric properties of the eight-item ASDR scale and provide evidence of its utility.
A system for design and concurrent engineering under imprecision

This paper proposes an approach to handling imprecision in design and concurrent engineering systems by using interval analysis and constraint networks. By allowing design parameters to be specified with intervals rather than exact points, this approach permits designers to iteratively transform vague conceptual designs into detailed final designs. When a designer changes a variable's interval or assigns a value, the results are propagated through constraints and the resulting feasible interval for all other dependent variables is pruned. The interval constraint network approach described in this paper extends previous work by allowing the representation of and reasoning about complex constraints involving conditions, conjunctions and disjunctions, as well as both symbolic and numeric variables. Many concurrent engineering constraints cannot be modeled without this sort of representational flexibility. A prototype of this approach has been implemented in a system called SPARK-IP. The operation of SPARK-IP is demonstrated through a concurrent engineering design problem involving printed wiring boards.
An Analysis of the Voyager 2 Ultraviolet Spectrometer Occultation Data at Uranus: Inferring Heat Sources and Model Atmospheres

Heat source information is derived here from the Voyager 2 Ultraviolet Spectrometer occultation data of Uranus. Analytic functions for the local heat dependence on altitude are used to obtain a temperature profile by solving the heat equation. The stellar entrance and exit occultation and a solar occultation are used to infer the thermal and density structure of the atmosphere. The least squares fit solution to the solar occultation data gives one source located at 1.8 x 10 exp -5 microbar with a strength of 0.056 +/- 0.01 erg/sq cm/s. Latitudinal temperature gradients are obtained.
Apolipoproteins A-IV and A-V are acute-phase proteins in mouse HDL.

Abstract Background: Infection and inflammation are associated with atherosclerosis. During infection and inflammation, HDL decreases and there are changes in the levels of several HDL-associated proteins. To identify changes in the protein composition of HDL during infection and inflammation, a proteomic approach was utilized. Methods and results: Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we found the expected increases in apolipoprotein (apo) SAA and apo E, as well as a decrease in apo A-I on HDL isolated from mice injected with endotoxin. We identified apo A-IV and apo A-V as positive acute-phase proteins in mouse HDL. We also found an increase in hepatic mRNA levels of apo A-IV and apo A-V after injection of endotoxin. Interleukin-6 increased apo A-IV and apo A-V mRNA levels in Hep3B cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that the protein levels of apo A-II in acute-phase HDL and the hepatic mRNA levels of apo A-II were decreased. Conclusions: Apo A-IV and A-V are positive acute-phase proteins that increase in the serum during inflammation while apo A-II is a negative acute-phase protein in mice. Similar to other positive and negative acute-phase proteins, changes in hepatic production account for the changes in serum levels. However, the changes in apo A-IV and apo A-V, two apolipoproteins whose activities are not fully understood, may serve functions other than regulating lipid metabolism during the acute-phase response (APR). Coupled with the other changes in HDL proteins that occur, these changes are likely to alter the functional properties of HDL perhaps increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.
Media in the lives of immigrant youth.

This chapter uses data from the Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Study to examine media use patterns among immigrant teens. Similarities and differences in media ownership levels, use patterns, and content preferences between immigrant teens and the U.S. teen population as a whole, as well as across immigrant groups and gender, are explored. Implications for educators and others who work with immigrant youth include active discussion with youth about their media choices and media messages.
AN APPARATUS FOR THE GROWTH OF PLANTS IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.

The vagaries of an uncontrolled environment are responsible for many of the conflicting results and conclusions found in publications dealing with plant growth. It is common knowledge that workers in different institutions, and indeed often in the same institution, find great difficulty in duplicating the findings of one another, not on account of inadequate description of methods, but because some environmental influence was not controlled. This is particularly true where yield is the criterion upon which the interpretation is based. We have in mind as an example a comparison of the growth obtained in two diverse types of culture solutions.2 Wheat grown in them under natural conditions of illumination and temperature during various months of the year gave yields significantly the same during the winter months and significantly different during the summer period. One's conclusions in such a case would obviously depend upon the time of year the observations were made. Again in a more recent investigation, the data for which are given in table I, similar results are apparent.
Adolescent Drug Use and Intentions to Use Drugs in the Future: A Concurrent Analysis

The convergence between current drug use and the use of drugs in the future was studied for 1634 adolescents. About 20 per cent of the variance in future intentions about drug use could be attributed to current drug-taking behavior. Furthermore, the intention to use a specific drug in the future is related to previous experience with a wide class of drugs, rather than only experience with that particular substance. The overall pattern suggests sources other than previous drug experience must be considered in attempting to explain intentions for future use.
Antineoplastic Drug Exposure in an Ambulatory Setting: a Pilot Study

Background Exposure to antineoplastic drugs confers health risks to workers, yet little is known about the exposure after a drug spill, nor has the relationship between exposure and organizational factors such as staffing and work environment been studied. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate drug spills prospectively using biological measures and correlate drug spills with organizational factors. Methods Prospective questionnaires with 8-hour timed urine samples were collected from nursing and pharmacy personnel who reported drug spill events in 1 academic health center's infusion center. Urine was collected similarly from workers who did not report a spill. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry techniques identified detectable drug levels. After the prospective sampling period, workers were surveyed on workloads, practice environment, and safety behaviors. Results From 81 eligible individuals, 40 participated in the prospective study and 19 completed retrospective questionnaires. Four spills were reported by 9 personnel, as multiple employees were exposed to drug spills. Four participants who reported a spill showed detectable levels of antineoplastic drugs. Four participants who did not report a spill had detectable levels of docetaxel. Compared with respondents who did not report a spill, collegial relations with physicians were significantly poorer for workers who reported spills. Conclusions The study protocol successfully captured drug spill reports and biological samples. Workers have detectable levels of antineoplastic drugs through both drug spills and environmental contamination. Implications for practice Multisite research studies and practice-based quality improvement approaches are needed to improve adherence to personal protective equipment use and safe handling procedures.
Film as a "Thoughtful" Medium for Teaching History

This collective case study of teachers and students in two ninth-grade US history classes examines the role that films can play as a ‘thoughtful’ medium for teaching history. Specifically, the study focuses on the nature and range of authentic intellectual work that students are engaged in with film in the classroom (Newmann, F., B. King, and D. Carmichael. 2007. Authentic instruction and assessment: Common standards for rigor and relevance in teaching academic subjects. Des Moines, IA: Iowa Department of Education. http://centerforaiw.com/resources/center-aiw-materials). The findings contribute to the literature by challenging and extending current notions of pedagogy with a film, in particular, Hobbs' (2006. Non-optimal uses of video in the classroom. Learning, Media and Technology 31: 35–50) findings of ‘non-optimal’ use of video. In addition to using a film as simply a historical ‘text’ or visual textbook, students in these classes are engaged with the medium of film in developing conceptual knowledge...
Quark-quark scattering contributions to high-energy total cross sections

It is shown that total hadronic cross sections are described well by considering single- and double-scattering contributions from quark-quark scattering. With an energy-dependent form suggested by Regge theory, all high-energy total cross sections can be fitted successfully and efficiently using a small number of free parameters. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Nationwide Freight Generation Models: A Spatial Regression Approach

This paper investigates the application of linear regression models and modeling techniques in predicting freight generation at the national level within the U.S. Specifically, the paper seeks to improve the performance and fit of linear regression models of freight generation. We provide insight into different variable transformation techniques, evaluate the use of spatial regression variables, and apply a spatial regression modeling methodology to correct for spatial autocorrelation. We conclude that the spatial regression model is the preferred specification for freight generation at the national level. The proliferation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) within planning agencies affords more widespread use of spatial regression and our results indicate this technique would provide improvement to models that have been traditionally limited by insufficient data.
The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents.

Whole-plant corn was harvested at 33 (normal) and 41% (moderately high) dry matter (DM) and ensiled in quadruplicate 20-L laboratory silos to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (LB) or L. plantarum MTD-1 (LP) alone, or in combination, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of the resulting silage. Aerobic stability was defined as the amount of time after exposure to air for the silage temperature to reach 2°C above ambient temperature. The chopped forage was used in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: normal and moderately high DM contents, LB at 0 (untreated) or 4 × 10 5 cfu/g of fresh forage, and LP at 0 or 1 × 10 5 cfu/g. After 240 d of ensiling, corn silage harvested at the moderately high DM had higher pH, higher concentrations of ethanol, and more yeasts compared with the silage ensiled at the normal DM content. Inoculation with LB did not affect the concentration of lactic acid in silages with a moderately high DM, but decreased the concentration of lactic acid in the silage with normal DM. Higher concentrations of acetic acid were found in the silage treated with LB compared with those not treated with this organism. Inoculation with LP increased the concentration of lactic acid only in the silage with the normal DM content. The concentration of acetic acid was lower in silage treated with LP with a moderately high DM content, but greater in the silage treated with LP with the normal DM content when compared with silages without this inoculant. Appreciable amounts of 1,2-propanediol (average 1.65%, DM basis) were found in all silages treated with LB regardless of the DM content. The addition of L. buchneri increased the concentration of NH3-N in silages but the addition of L. plantarum decreased it. Aerobic stability was improved in all silages treated with LB, with greater aerobic stability occurring in the silage with moderately high DM compared with silage with normal DM content. Inoculation with LP had no effect on aerobic stability. There were no interactions between L. buchneri and L. plantarum for most fermentation products or aerobic stability of the silages. This study showed that inoculating whole-plant corn with L. buchneri 40788 or L. plantarum MTD-1 has different beneficial effects on the resulting silage. There appear to be no major interactions between these organisms when added together to forage. Thus, there is potential to add both organisms simultaneously to improve the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage.
Liver nuclear and microsomal CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics in rats chronically drinking an alcohol-containing liquid diet.

In previous studies from our laboratory, the presence in highly purified liver nuclei of metabolic pathways for processing ethanol (EtOH), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), carbon tetrachloride and chloroform was reported. All these chemicals are known to be metabolized in liver microsomes, via cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated processes. In the present work we checked whether rat liver nuclei from rats chronically drinking an alcohol-containing liquid diet exhibited an enhanced ability to metabolize chemicals known to require CYP2E1 participation for given metabolic transformations. The nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-requiring metabolism of p-nitrophenol to p-nitrocathecol; the activation of carbon tetrachloride to trichloromethyl radicals, covalently binding to proteins; and the ring hydroxylation of aniline and o-toluidine were studied. Comparison of the obtained nuclear activities against the one present in the microsomal counterpart, and their respective response to the EtOH i...
Common ancestry between IncN conjugal transfer genes and macromolecular export systems of plant and animal pathogens.

Summary The DNA sequence of a cluster of pKM101 conjugal transfer genes was determined and aligned with the genetic map of the plasmid. Eighteen genes were identified, at least eight and probably 11 of which are required for efficient conjugation. These tra genes are homologous to and colinear with genes found in the virB operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens TI plasmids. Seven pKM101 tra genes are also homologous to ptl genes of Bordetella pertussis, which direct the export of pertussis toxin. We used TnphoA to construct translational fusions between pKM101 genes and the Escherichia coli phoA gene, which encodes alkaline phosphatase, and provide evidence that at least 11 of the 18 genes are either fully or partially exported from the cytoplasm.
High incidence of secondary brain tumours after radiotherapy and antimetabolites

Summary Background Brain tumours rarely occur in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after cranial radiotherapy. An unusually high frequency of brain tumours seen among children enrolled in one of our leukaemia treatment protocols, Total Therapy Study XII, prompted us to identify the potential causes of this complication. Methods We assessed clinical, biological, and pharmacokinetic features in all 52 children who received prophylactic cranial radiotherapy. We compared the cumulative incidence of brain tumours between subgroups, and with that of 421 children who received radiotherapy in previous studies. Findings The incidence of brain tumours among irradiated children (six of 52, 12·8% [SE 5·0]) was high compared with patients in the same study who did not receive radiotherapy (none of 101; p=0·0008) and with other protocols that included cranial radiotherapy (p Interpretation These data support the elimination of prophylactic radiotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia except in patients at high risk of central-nervous-system relapse. Underlying genetic characteristics and treatment variables may be associated with an increased risk of radiation-associated brain tumours.
Regulative capacity of the cranial neural tube to form neural crest.

In avian embryos, cranial neural crest cells emigrate from the dorsal midline of the neural tube shortly after neural tube closure. Previous lineage analyses suggest that the neural crest is not a pre-segregated population of cells within the neural tube; instead, a single progenitor in the dorsal neural tube can contribute to neurons in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems (Bronner-Fraser and Fraser, 1989 Neuron 3, 755–766). To explore the relationship between the ‘premigratory’ neural crest cells and the balance of the cells in the neural tube in the midbrain and hindbrain region, we have challenged the fate of these populations by ablating the neural crest either alone or in combination with the adjoining ventral portions of the neural tube. Focal injections of the vital dye, DiI, into the neural tissue bordering the ablated region demonstrate that cells at the same axial level, in the lateral and ventral neural tube, regulate to reconstitute a population of neural crest cells. These cells emigrate from the neural tube, migrate along normal pathways according to their axial level of origin and appear to give rise to a normal range of derivatives. This regulation following ablation suggests that neural tube cells normally destined to form CNS derivatives can adjust their prospective fates to form PNS and other neural crest derivatives until 4.5-6 hours after the time of normal onset of emigration from the neural tube.
Why Is Institutional Economics Not Institutional

AMONG ORTHODOX ECONOMISTS there exists a conception of institutional economics which is wholly at variance with modern institutionalism as conceived by institutional economists. A short paper such as this may hardly be the most effective means to rectify what seems to be a total failure of understanding. But any attempt to achieve greater understanding is worth the effort, even when the task seems overwhelming for such slender means.
Measuring Error in Wind Power Forecasting Using a New Forecasting System

The sources of erro r in wind power forecasting were investigated by constructing an experimental near-real time wind power forecasting system that operates on a desktop PC and forecasts 12 to 48 hours in advance. The system uses model output of the Eta or COAMPS regional scale forecasts (RSFs), and is currently configured to forecast the power production of a case study wind farm in the Altamont Pass, California, USA from 12 to 48 hours in advance. Archived RSF data can be used, allowing comparison of different methods of for ecasting using the same input data with known actual power production. Several different forecasting approaches, including deriving predictive equations using multiple linear regression, wind-tunnel studies, and a "forecast matching" scheme were investigated using the system. It was found it is difficult to predict near surface conditions from forecasted upper level weather conditions. If the wind speed at the wind farm can be accurately forecasted, several methods can be used to predict power production wi th a minimal loss of accuracy. The "forecast matching" method was found to be relatively accurate at wind power forecasting, especially given its simplicity.
Thermal tolerances of deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals from the Northeast Pacific.

Dense biological communities on sulfide structures at deep-sea hydrothermal vents survive in one of Earth’s most extreme environments. The thermotolerance of vent animals dwelling on sulfide chimneys in the Northeast Pacific was determined by maintaining them in pressurized chambers under controlled temperature and chemical conditions. Observations indicated that lethal temperature correlates strongly with distributions observed in nature. One species studied, the alvinellid sulfide wormParalvinella sulfincola, exhibited a thermal limit of 50 ‐56 °C. Since observations of survival under controlled conditions are the only unambiguous means of demonstrating that an animal can tolerate a given environmental condition, the documented thermal limit for metazoan life at hydrothermal vents should be considered to be above 45 °C, but less than 60 °C. Although the biology of hydrothermal vents has been actively investigated over the past 20 years, delineating linkages between the physical environment and the biota has been difficult. Gradients and temporal changes are pronounced. Therefore, to know what conditions a vent organism routinely encounters, measurements would ideally be conducted with spatial resolution at the sub-centimeter level, with temporal resolution over the course of days to weeks, and without modifying fluid flow by the presence of the sensor or submersible. Consequently, investigators are generally cautious in inferring physiological tolerance from
Paleotectonic Implications of a Mid‐ to Late‐Ordovician Provenance Shift, as Recorded in Sedimentary Strata of the Ouachita and Southern Appalachian Mountains

Abstract North American Ordovician strata record a large shift in their neodymium isotopic composition ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $\Delta \epsilon _{\mathrm{Nd}\,}=\sim 7$ \end{document} ) at around 450 Ma. As part of a continuing effort to understand this phenomenon, we studied the provenance of Middle and Upper Ordovician clastic sedimentary rocks along a transect through the southern Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains using a combination of high‐resolution graptolite‐neodymium isotopic analysis and U‐Pb ...
Areal shifts in classic mayan phonology

Advances in hieroglyphic decipherment and in language contact typology provide new data and theories with which to investigate and reassess prior interpretations of Mayan linguistic history. The present study considers the shift from proto-Mayan *k and *k' to /ch/ and /ch'/, a sound change that affected several Mayan languages in different phonological contexts. This sound change, with a very particular set of conditions, has been highlighted as a defining feature of the Cholan-Tseltalan branch of the Mayan language family. New evidence suggests that this sound change was shared as a result of contact around the time of the Classic period, rather than reflecting an inherited sound change that would have taken place at a much earlier stage of the language family. Hieroglyphic data provide further evidence that this sound change was adopted in the hieroglyphic language in a word-by-word fashion, rather than applying to all similar phonological contexts at the same time.
An Equation Both More Consistent and Simpler Than the Bresse-Timoshenko Equation

A simple equation is discussed which takes into account both shear deformation and rotary inertia in vibrating beams. This equation is both more consistent and simpler than the widely used one of Bresse-Timoshenko.
A GPGPU Algorithm for c-Approximate r-Nearest Neighbor Search in High Dimensions

Nearest Neighbor search is one of the simplest and most intuitive ideas in data mining. Due to it's simplicity and diverse utility, Nearest Neighbor search is often found to be the workhorse of a variety of data mining, machine learning, and computer vision algorithms. For very high dimensional data, the naive linear search tends to be optimal. This is due to the so called curse of dimensionality in database search. To accelerate the search time, may researchers have turned to the power and efficiency of GPGPU computing; mainly for computing the data intensive distance metrics. Though promising speedups are achieved through this method, it fails to capitalize on many of the recent advances in algorithms for bounded error approximate nearest neighbor searches. Approximate nearest neighbor methods give satisfactory results, especially in very large and possibly redundant datasets, while boasting sub-linear search complexities. In this paper we present a c-approximate r-nearest neighbor search algorithm for CUDA using Locality Sensitive Hash with Nearest Neighbor search (LSH-NN). We implement this system in CUDA and test it on real world image SIFT vector data. Our tests show that we are able to achieve significant speedup over the serial version, with good approximations on scalability, while achieving the near-optimal search complexity of LSH-NN.
Simplified Successive Intervals Scaling

A simplified version of successive intervals scaling is described. Scale values for various datasets obtained with simplified successive intervals scaling are approximately linearly related to those obtained with traditional successive intervals scaling and with the method of pair comparisons. Simplified successive intervals scaling can be used with any number of stimuli and is as easy to apply as the method of equal-appearing intervals. However, simplified successive intervals scaling does not assume, as does the method of equal-appearing intervals, that rating categories or intervals are of equal width. Index terms: attitude measurement, pair comparisons scaling, successive intervals scaling, Thurstonian scaling.
Total mandibular replacement in a patient with Hand-Schüller-Christian disease.

An unusual case of mandibular agnathia due to Hand-Schuller-Christian disease reconstructed using a combination of a titanium mandibular appliance and autologous corticocancellous bone is reported.
Reexamining health effects of cigar smoking: fashionable, but may increase th erisk of coronary heart disease

After two decades of decline since the early 1970s, cigar smoking is in vogue again [1] . Cigar magazines, cigar bars, and cigar distributor websites have proliferated. This trend prompted us to reexamine the health risks cigar smokers may be exposed to. Prior studies have shown that cigar smoking can increase the risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract and the lung [2,3] . However, unlike cigarette smoking, the association between cigar smoking and cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, is not clearly established. We performed a cohort study among 17 774 male health plan subscribers between the ages of 30 and 85 years old at the time they attended voluntary multiphasic health check-ups between 1964 and 1973 in Oakland and San Francisco [4] . These men were selected on the basis of never having smoked cigarettes and not currently smoking a pipe. Out of this selected group, 1546 men reported cigar smoking, and 16 228 reported not smoking cigars. Information was collected on dose (<5 cigars per day or 5 cigars per day), but not on duration of cigar smoking, inhalation practice, or cigar size. After an average of 18 years of follow-up for hospitalizations or death, cigar smokers were at 27% higher risk of coronary heart disease and 45% higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, cigar smokers had twice the risk of upper aerodigestive (including oropharynx, nose, larynx and esophagus) and lung cancers, respectively. This study is significant for several reasons. First, it is the first long-term longitudinal investigation to demonstrate an association of habitual cigar smoking with coronary heart disease that is independent of other known coronary risk factors that included age, level of education, ethnic background, serum cholesterol, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and alcohol consumption. Second, the study confirms the association of cigar smoking with upper aerodigestive and lung cancers and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We observed dose–response relationships such that the higher risks were seen among men who smoked five cigars per day or more. This finding is consistent with a cause and effect association. A limitation of our archival database was that we were not able to segregate occasional or sporadic cigar smokers. A particularly salient aspect of our findings was the demonstration of a synergistic effect between consumption of alcohol and cigar smoking in regards to the risk of oropharyngeal cancer. Men who reported smoking cigars and consumption of three or more alcoholic drinks per day were at 7·5-fold higher risk of this cancer site. This result suggests, as underscored by the Surgeon General [5] , that the combi
Social defences against anxiety: Explorations in a paradigm

The book has its origins in an invited symposium to revisit a ‘founding paradigm of a psychoanalytically informed approach to the practical understanding of institutions’ as set out in the writings...
Translating Simple Legal Text to Formal Representations

Various logical representations and frameworks have been proposed for reasoning with legal information. These approaches assume that the legal text has already been translated to the desired formal representation. However, the approaches for translating legal text into formal representations have mostly focused on inferring facts from text or translating it to a single representation. In this work, we use the NL2KR system to translate legal text into a wide variety of formal representations. This will enable the use of existing logical reasoning approaches on legal text (English), thus allowing reasoning with text.