cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab initio molecular dynamics investigation of point defects in γ-U

Abstract Uranium (U) is often alloyed with molybdenum (Mo) or zirconium (Zr) in order to stabilize the high-temperature body-centered cubic γ phase of uranium for use in nuclear reactors. However, relatively little experimental or computational investigation has centered on γ -U, largely due to the mechanical instability of this phase at room temperature. This is particularly problematic for density functional theory calculations that typically investigate 0 K properties. However, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) allows for quantum mechanical-based calculations to be performed at non-zero temperatures. In this work, AIMD simulations are performed to calculate the equilibrium volume for the γ phase of U from 900 K to 1400 K. Utilizing the volume at each temperature, the bulk modulus, the radial distribution function, the interstitial and vacancy formation energies, and the diffusion coefficients are determined.
Peptide Derivatives of Retinylamine Prevent Retinal Degeneration with Minimal Side Effects on Vision in Mice.

Safe and effective molecular therapeutics for prophylactic treatment of retinal degenerative diseases are greatly needed. Disruptions in the clearance of all-trans-retinal (atRAL) by the visual (retinoid) cycle of the retina can lead to the accumulation of atRAL and its condensation products known to initiate progressive retinal dystrophy. Retinylamine (Ret-NH2) and its analogues are known to be effective in lowering the concentration of atRAL within the eye and thus preventing retinal degeneration in mouse models of human retinopathies. Here, we chemically modified Ret-NH2 with amino acids and peptides to improve the stability and ocular bioavailability of the resulting derivatives and to minimize their side effects. Fourteen Ret-NH2 derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo. These derivatives exhibited structure-dependent therapeutic efficacy in preventing light-induced retinal degeneration in Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- double-knockout mice, with the compounds containing glycine and/or L-valine generally exhibiting greater protective effects than Ret-NH2 or other tested amino acid derivatives of Ret-NH2. Ret-NH2-L-valylglycine amide (RVG) exhibited good stability in storage; and effective uptake and prolonged retention in mouse eyes. RVG readily formed a Schiff base with atRAL and did not inhibit RPE65 enzymatic activity. Administered by oral gavage, this retinoid also provided effective protection against light-induced retinal degeneration in Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice. Notably, the treatment with RVG had minimal effects on the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal and recovery of retinal function. RVG holds promise as a lead therapy for effective and safe treatment of human retinal degenerative diseases.
Tensorized Feature Spaces for Feature Explosion

In this paper11This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan) This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract DE-AC05-000R22725., we present a novel framework that uses tensor factorization to generate richer feature spaces for pixel classification in hyperspectral images. In particular, we assess the performance of different tensor rank decomposition methods as compared to the traditional kernel-based approaches for the hyperspectral image classification problem. We propose Orion, which takes as input a hyperspectral image tensor and a rank and outputs an enhanced feature space from the factor matrices of the decomposed tensor. Our method is a feature explosion technique that inherently maps low dimensional input space in $\mathbb{R}^{K}$ to high dimensional space in $\mathbb{R}^{R}$ , where $R\gg K$ , say in the order of 1000x, like a kernel. We show how the proposed method exploits the multi-linear structure of hyperspectral three dimensional tensor. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with experiments on three publicly available hyperspectral datasets with labeled pixels and compare their classification performance against traditional linear and non-linear supervised learning methods such as SVM with Linear, Polynomial, RBF kernels, and the Multi-Layer Perceptron model. Finally, we explore the relationship between the rank of the tensor decomposition and the classification accuracy using several hyperspectral datasets with ground truth.
In Vitro Analysis of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Formation From Ranitidine Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions.

Importance A publication reported thatN-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen, was formed when ranitidine and nitrite were added to simulated gastric fluid. However, the nitrite concentrations used were greater than the range detected in acidic gastric fluid in prior clinical studies. Objective To characterize NDMA formation following the addition of ranitidine to simulated gastric fluid using combinations of fluid volume, pH levels, and nitrite concentrations, including physiologic levels. Design, Setting, and Participants One 150-mg ranitidine tablet was added to 50 or 250 mL of simulated gastric fluid with a range of nitrite concentrations from the upper range of physiologic (100 μmol/L) to higher concentrations (10 000 μmol/L) with a range of pH levels. NDMA amounts were assessed with a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Main Outcomes and Measures NDMA detected in simulated gastric fluid 2 hours after adding ranitidine. Results At a supraphysiologic nitrite concentration (ie, 10 000 μmol/L), the mean (SD) amount of NDMA detected in 50 mL simulated gastric fluid 2 hours after adding ranitidine increased from 222 (12) ng at pH 5 to 11 822 (434) ng at pH 1.2. Subsequent experiments with 50 mL of simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2 with no added nitrite detected a mean (SD) of 22 (2) ng of NDMA, which is the background amount present in the ranitidine tablets. Similarly, at the upper range of physiologic nitrite (ie, 100 μmol/L) or at nitrite concentrations as much as 50-fold greater (1000 or 5000 μmol/L) only background mean (SD) amounts of NDMA were observed (21 [3] ng, 24 [2] ng, or 24 [3] ng, respectively). With 250 mL of simulated gastric fluid, no NDMA was detected at the upper physiologic range (100 μmol/L) or 10-fold physiologic (1000 μmol/L) nitrite concentrations, while NDMA was detected (mean [SD] level, 7353 [183] ng) at a 50-fold physiologic nitrite concentration (5000 μmol/L). Conclusions and Relevance In this in vitro study of ranitidine tablets added to simulated gastric fluid with different nitrite concentrations, ranitidine conversion to NDMA was not detected until nitrite was 5000 μmol/L, which is 50-fold greater than the upper range of physiologic gastric nitrite concentrations at acidic pH. These findings suggest that ranitidine is not converted to NDMA in gastric fluid at physiologic conditions.
I feel frozen: Client perceptions of how posttraumatic stress disorder impacts employment.

Objective: There is evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a hidden barrier to employment among individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI) among whom PTSD is highly prevalent. This study aimed to explore how PTSD interferes with achieving employment outcomes among persons with SMI. Methods: Participants included 119 individuals with SMI and co-occurring PTSD receiving Supported Employment services. Responses to the question, "In what ways are PTSD symptoms interfering with your work during the past month?" were analyzed. Results: Six themes emerged: (a) I don't like being around people, (b) I feel frozen and unable to get started, (c) troubling negative affect, (d) mind is scattered and all over the place, (e) feeling fatigued all the time, and (f) flashbacks and triggers can happen whenever. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Findings provide insight into how PTSD symptoms impact work outcomes and suggest that there is a need for Supported Employment providers to screen clients for trauma exposure to identify those in need of additional support in order to improve work outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The Effects of Ti Content and Quenching on Phase Transformations, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties in Uranium-Titanium Alloys

Abstract The effect of Ti content on phase transformations, microstructures, and mechanical properties of U-Ti alloys are described for alloys containing 0.3 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%Ti. Rapid cooling is required to overcome diffusional decomposition of γ-phase and facilitate diffusionless transformation to supersaturated variants of α-phase. Critical cooling rate increases with increasing Ti content, opposite to the trend observed in U-Mo and U-Nb alloys. This difference occurs because the martensite transformation temperatures in these relatively dilute U-Ti alloys are above the knee of the C-curve for diffusional decomposition, unlike those in the more concentrated U-Mo and U-Nb alloys. In these U-Ti alloys critical cooling rate depends on the amount of undercooling required to reach Ms, which increases with increasing Ti content, and the time for diffusional decomposition to occur just above Ms, which decreases with increasing Ti content. The net result is that higher cooling rates are required as Ti content increases. Full quenching results in diffusionless transformation of γ-phase to supersaturated variants of α-phase. Very dilute alloys transform via a γ → β → αm sequence of massive transformations. Martensitic γ → α′a transformation begins at ∼0.4%Ti, and 100% α′a microstructures are obtained from ∼0.65% to ∼1.4% Ti. A transition to banded α′b martensite occurs at ∼1.5%Ti. Evidence suggests that the α′a to α′b transition may occur when the cubic γ-phase first transforms to tetragonal γ°, which in turn transforms to orthorhombic α′b via the sequence γ → γ° → α′b. Fully quenched alloys exhibit moderate strengths and ductilities, and their supersaturation with Ti makes them amenable to subsequent age hardening. Subcritical quenching typically results in two-phase microstructures with lower ductilities and near-zero Ti-supersaturation, eliminating the possibility of subsequent age hardening.
Fear of Crime

Fear of crime is more common than victimization and is important because it can lead to stress and behavioral precautions that impinge on quality of life. This article discusses definitions of fear as an emotional reaction (not a cognitive one) and enumerates how scholars have worked to better their fear measurements over time. The article also discusses the personal characteristics that predict fear and describes the theoretical ideas developed to explain it, including vulnerability (especially for women and the elderly), neighborhood factors (subcultural diversity, disorder, and community concern), and indirect victimization. Finally, we briefly discuss current and emerging trends in research.
The Slow Death of the Overload Thesis: Review of 'The Fourth Revolution' by John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge.

Review of The Fourth Revolution by John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge. There is not much new in The Fourth Revolution by John Micklethwait and Adrian Woolridge. It distills four decades of conservative complaints about democratic systems, and ties this to a familiar list of proposals for reform of the public sector. It also attempts to build enthusiasm for anti-democratic reforms at home with warnings about the rise of East Asia. But the main effect of The Fourth Revolution is to show how stale the conservative rhetoric about reform has become.
Operational History Of Fermilab’s 1500 W Refrigerator Used for Energy Saver Magnet Production Testing

The 1500 W helium refrigerator system utilizes two oil-injected screw compressors staged to feed a liquid nitrogen pre-cooled cold box. Refrigeration is provided by two Sulzer TGL-22 magnetic/gas bearing turbines. The refrigerator feeds six magnet test stands via a 10,000 L dewar and subcooler equipped distribution box. The design of the controls has permitted the system to be routinely operated 24 hours a day, seven days a week with only five operators. It operated approximately 90% of the 4 1/2 years prior to a one-year shutdown in 1984, during which the compressor skid was moved. Scheduled maintenance, failures, repairs and holidays are about equal to the 10$ off time. The equipment described was used to test approximately 1200 superconducting magnets for the Fermilab accelerator ring.1 The seven year operating experience is presented as an equipment and technique review. Compressor hours currently exceed 42,000 and turbine hours exceed 39,000 each. Failure rates, causes, preventive maintenance, monitoring practices and equipment, and modifications are examined along with notes on some of the more successful applications of technique and equipment.
Western blot analysis of intestinal secretory immunoglobulin a response to Campylobacter jejuni antigens in patients with naturally acquired Campylobacter enteritis

Abstract Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) response at the intestinal mucosa is a primary defense against enteric infections. We sought to determine which antigens of Campylobacter jejuni outer membranes elicited sIgA responses in 8 patients with naturally acquired Campylobacter enteritis using Western blot analysis of fecal extracts. Naturally acquired Campylobacter infection elicited an sIgA response in 7 of 8 patients. Of these 7 patients, 5 had Campylobacter -specific sIgA titers of 1:16 and two had titers of 1:64. The C. jejuni antigens eliciting sIgA production varied, but 5 of 8 patients exhibited reactions to a 63-kilodalton flagellar antigen, and 7 of 8 patients had a reaction with a 58- and a 44-kilodalton antigen of C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli . Reaction with a 14.5- and a 97-kilodalton antigen was observed with the only stool that contained gross blood and mucus. Reactions with Campylobacter antigens were not detected in the fecal extracts of 5 healthy individuals. Identification of the antigens of C. jejuni that elicit an sIgA response may help us to better understand the immunology of Campylobacter enteritis and to identify antigens that are important in vaccine development.
Clozapine and risperidone in chronic schizophrenia: Effects on symptoms, Parkinsonian side effects, and neuroendocrine response

OBJECTIVE: Clozapine and risperidone were the first two “second-generation” antipsychotic drugs approved for schizophrenia. There is currently little information about their comparative efficacy from head-to-head clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative efficacy of clozapine and risperidone for positive and negative symptoms, depression, parkinsonian side effects, and indexes of neuroendocrine function in schizophrenic patients who met a priori criteria for partial response to traditional neuroleptic agents. METHOD: After a baseline fluphenazine treatment period, 29 patients participated in a 6-week, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of the effects of these agents. RESULTS: Clozapine was superior to risperidone for positive symptoms and parkinsonian side effects, but there were no significant differences between the drugs on two measures of negative symptoms, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total scores, and depression scores. The clozapine patients, but not the rispe...
Performance analysis of ultrawide bandwidth transmitted-reference communications

Transmitted-reference (TR) signaling in conjunction with an autocorrelation receiver (AcR) offers a low-complexity alternative to Rake reception and can be used to exploit multipath diversity inherent in wideband channels. In this paper, we analyze the performance of an ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) system with TR signaling. Our main contribution is to develop an analytical framework, based on a sampling expansion approach, to derive a closed-form expression for the exact symbol error probability (SEP) of the AcR for an UWB TR signaling system. Our methodology does not require the Gaussian approximation and is applicable for any fading scenario given that the correlator output signal-to-noise ratio can be characterized by a moment generation function.
Piezothermoelasticity and Precision Control of Piezoelectric Systems: Theory and Finite Element Analysis

Piezothermoelastic effects of distributed piezoelectric sensor/actuator and structural systems are studied . Distributed controls (static and dynamic) of pizeoelectric laminates subjected to a steady state temperature field are investigated. Piezothermoelastic constitutive equations are defined, followed by three energy functionals for the displacement, electric, and temperature fields, respectively. A new 3D piezothermoelastic thin hexahedron finite element with three internal degrees of freedom is formulated using a variational formulation which includes thermal, electric, and mechanical energies. A system equetion for the piezoelcectric continuum exposed to combined displacement, electic, and temperature fields is formulated. Thermal influences on the sensing and control of piezoelectric PZT/steel laminates are ivestigated
Creep crack growth in udimet 700

Crack growth behavior in Udimet 700 was studied at 850°C (1560°F) and the crack growth rates are correlated with various fracture mechanics parameters,viz the stress intensity factor,J andC* integrals as well as with nominal stress. While there is considerable spread in the data in terms of all of these parameters, the crack growth rates seems to correlate better with the stress intensity factor than with the other three parameters. The crack growth behavior in the Udimet alloy is shown to differ significantly from that in previously studied Alloy 718 and these differences are attributed to the possible difference in the mechanisms of crack growth in the two alloys.
Discovery of common sequences absent in the human reference genome using pooled samples from next generation sequencing

Sequences up to several megabases in length have been found to be present in individual genomes but absent in the human reference genome. These sequences may be common in populations, and their absence in the reference genome may indicate rare variants in the genomes of individuals who served as donors for the human genome project. As the reference genome is used in probe design for microarray technology and mapping short reads in next generation sequencing (NGS), this missing sequence could be a source of bias in functional genomic studies and variant analysis. One End Anchor (OEA) and/or orphan reads from paired-end sequencing have been used to identify novel sequences that are absent in reference genome. However, there is no study to investigate the distribution, evolution and functionality of those sequences in human populations. To systematically identify and study the missing common sequences (micSeqs), we extended the previous method by pooling OEA reads from large number of individuals and applying strict filtering methods to remove false sequences. The pipeline was applied to data from phase 1 of the 1000 Genomes Project. We identified 309 micSeqs that are present in at least 1% of the human population, but absent in the reference genome. We confirmed 76% of these 309 micSeqs by comparison to other primate genomes, individual human genomes, and gene expression data. Furthermore, we randomly selected fifteen micSeqs and confirmed their presence using PCR validation in 38 additional individuals. Functional analysis using published RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data showed that eleven micSeqs are highly expressed in human brain and three micSeqs contain transcription factor (TF) binding regions, suggesting they are functional elements. In addition, the identified micSeqs are absent in non-primates and show dynamic acquisition during primate evolution culminating with most micSeqs being present in Africans, suggesting some micSeqs may be important sources of human diversity. 76% of micSeqs were confirmed by a comparative genomics approach. Fourteen micSeqs are expressed in human brain or contain TF binding regions. Some micSeqs are primate-specific, conserved and may play a role in the evolution of primates.
Testing a model for wearable product materials research

The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for materials research for wearable products. The Wearable Product Materials Research (WPMR) model is based on a continuing review of literature and current design practices, including projects from apparel design studio courses. The model includes five steps that guide the designer to consider material choices based on wearers’ physical and perceptual needs. The development of two functional apparel products, a nursing bra and a commercial cooling vest, is presented to illustrate the application of the model as part of the design process. The WPMR model is valuable in selecting appropriate materials for prototyping as part of the design process. Further work will include application in an industry setting, as well as investigation into how the WPMR model could be useful in other areas of design.
A kinesthetically coupled teleoperation: its modeling and control

Presents an advanced teleoperation system in which the dynamics of human operator, master arm and slave arm are coordinated under the paradigm of generalized impedance control. Employing the generalized impedance of the manipulator provides a unified approach to position and force control. In addition, incorporation to a nonlinear dynamic compensation loop into the previous kinesthetic feedback loop resolve the actuator saturation problem without the aid of the human operator. The proposed approach allows the task performance and stability to be robust to the operator, as well as the actuator limitation. >
GENERALIZATION OF THE SINGULAR INTEGRAL METHOD FOR AN ANISOTROPIC SCATTERING MEDIUM

Abstract The singular integral method suggested by C case (1960) for solving neutron diffusion problems in an isotropic scattering medium is generalized for a linearly anisotropic medium. The formulation of the anisotropic problem is the same as that of the isotropic scattering problem except for small correction terms. These correction terms are proportional to the absorption probability. In the case of a non-absorbing medium, it is shown that the anisotropic scatterings affect only the asymptotic flux distribution and not the transient fluk distribution.
Dopexamine, Dobutamine, and Dopamine Increase Splanchnic Blood Flow*: What Is the Evidence?

Inadequate splanchnic perfusion in the critically ill compromises the gut barrier leading to bacterial translocation, which is postulated to cause multiorgan dysfunction and failure. Inotropic agents such as dopexamine, dobutamine, and dopamine may have a role in increasing splanchnic perfusion, thereby protecting this area from further injury. This article examines the evidence for using these agents in patients with sepsis, postoperative trauma, and in those undergoing cardiac surgery and mechanical ventilation to increase gut perfusion and prevent multiple organ failure. Systemic effects of these agents differ from regional effects and must be considered when selecting therapy.
Neuroendocrine interactions in the immune system.

Substantial evidence now exists supporting the bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. A number of hormonal and neuropeptide mediators have been shown to influence immune development and function in healthy, aged and diseased individuals. Immune cell subsets express receptors for many of these ligands and similarly, receptors for cytokines and growth factors have been identified on cells within the central nervous and endocrine systems. During times of stress or injury, each of these systems come into play and transmits messages to one another. The lines of communication between the immune system and these various neuronal and endocrine organ systems constitute specific axes of interactions, which have been shown to have a profound impact on immune function, disease development and susceptibility to infections and disease. In this Special Issue, experts in neuroendocrine immunology have provided comprehensive reviews on the current advances in this area of research as well as commentary on relevance of the various axes in controlling immunity and disease development.
Reliable and efficient message delivery in delay tolerant networks using rateless codes

In this paper, we consider the problem of multiple unicast message delivery in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). Long delays, mobility of nodes, and lack of connectivity that are characteristics of such network make this problem very challenging. Additionally, expiry of packets in a network, considered a useful means of regulating resource consumption, reduces reliability and increases the latency of message delivery. Traditional approaches to message delivery in such networks was based on transmitting multiple copies of entire message blocks. Recently, the application of simple erasure-based codes to messages were considered. This option opened up an interesting area of research. In this paper, we effect reliable message delivery with improved latency even in the presence of packet expiry and intermittent connectivity by applying rateless codes at the source where a message is generated. We perform extensive simulations on a variety of trace data from mobility models such as the UMassDieselNet testbed, an area-based random waypoint model, and a simple campus bus model. Results reveal the superiority of our scheme in comparison to other present schemes.
Novel variant of the P2X2 ATP receptor from the guinea pig organ of Corti

Abstract ATP functions as a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator in various tissues by acting on metabotropic (P2Y) and ionotropic (P2X) receptors. Evidence suggests that ATP activates P2X receptors on several cell types in the organ of Corti of guinea pig including outer hair cells (OHCs), Deiters' cells, Hensen's cells, pillar cells and inner hair cells (IHCs). Determining the sequence and structure of P2X receptors in guinea pig organ of Corti is important for understanding the function of ATP in the cochlea. We screened a guinea pig organ of Corti cDNA library for P2X2 ATP receptors using rat P2X2 cDNA as a probe. We sequenced three P2X2 variants which were found to be abundant in this library. One is a novel P2X2 isoform (P2X2-3) created by a retained intron coding for an additional 27 amino acids (81 bp) in the putative extracellular domain. We have also sequenced a variant (P2X2-2) that lacks both the 81-bp sequence and a 192-bp sequence in the 3′ intracellular domain. A third variant (P2X2-1) contains the intracellular 192-bp sequence but not the extracellular 81-bp sequence found in P2X2-3. The multiple transcripts arise from alternative intron and exon splicing events. In situ hybridization with a probe common to the three variants localized P2X2 to many of the cells of the organ of Corti.
The 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb cross section

Abstract We report new measurements of the cross section for the 93 Nb( n ,2 n ) 92 m Nb (10.15 d) reaction in the 14–19 MeV energ range. They are based on the known cross section for the 27 Al( n , α ) 24 Na reaction. We also give revised results for two other sets of measurements (reported previously) of the 93 Nb cross section in the 9–15 MeV energy range. The excitation function for the 93 Nb( n ,2 n ) 92 m Nb reaction is known with sufficient accuracy in the 13.5–15.5 MeV range for its use as a secondary neutron-fluence monitor. The peak cross section in the 14.0–14.6 MeV range is 464 mb (±3% uncertainty). Outside the 13.5–15.5 MeV range, the uncertainty in the cross section is at least ±10%. We compare our results with other measurements reported for the 93 Nb( n ,2 n ) 92 m Nb reaction.
Conduct and Oppositional Disorder in Clinically Referred Children With Attention Deficit Disorder: A Controlled Family Study

In a controlled family study of clinically-referred children with attention deficit disorder (ADD), data were collected on first-degree relatives of 22 children with ADD and 20 normal children. Fourteen (64%) probands had associated diagnoses of conduct disorder (CD) or oppositional disorder (OPD). The data indicate two familial patterns. For children with associated CD/OPD, the rates of antisocial disorders (CD, OPD, antisocial personality disorder) in relatives were significantly higher than the rates of these disorders in relatives of probands without associated CD/OPD (46% versus 13%, p p
The evolution of a revolution: Stokely Carmichael and the rhetoric of black power

The unrealistic dreams of perfect social orders that permeate social movement rhetoric heighten expectations and demands that remain only dreams after years of struggle and suffering. Frustration builds within new generations of activists who become increasingly disaffected with social movement establishments which preach uninstitutionalized versions of patience and gradualism. The evolution of a revolution may await leaders who can take advantage of opportunities, recreate and redefine social reality, offer new dreams, and energize a new generation of true believers. Stokely Carmichael's rhetoric of black power can best be understood as a striving for evolutionary changes within the civil rights movement that would replace integration with black power and a passive, common ground rhetoric with a militant, confrontational rhetoric better suited to his generation, growing disaffection with the movement, and the search of black Americans for their African roots. The result would be a more perfect social ord...
“It Makes History Alive for them”: the Role of Archivists and Special Collections Librarians in Instructing Undergraduates

This study explores the educational role of archivists and special collections librarians in providing instructional services aimed at undergraduate students. Twelve leading thinkers in teaching with primary sources are interviewed to provide insight on pedagogical strategies for undergraduates, assessment of instruction, and how archivists perceive themselves as educators. Findings suggest that although these professionals spend a lot of time teaching, they are hesitant to articulate their contribution to the classroom and to identify themselves as educators.
Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) at different soil depths and moistures

Abstract The presence of hosts at different depths of soil and the influence of different soil moistures on the infectivities (as measured by the number of nematodes establishing in the host) of two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae and S. glaseri , were investigated. The infective juveniles had been uniformly distributed in the soil. At a water potential of -0.006 megaPascal (MPa) in a sandy loam soil, nematode establishment at different depths was variable in both species. S. carpocapsae tended to establish at equal numbers in hosts at depths between 0 and 10 cm, whereas S. glaseri showed consistent establishment from 2 to 10 cm but was variable at 0 cm. Tests in 1-liter cups and 3-ml arenas showed that soil moisture affected nematode establishment. S. carpocapsae started establishing in hosts at -5 MPa water potential in 3-ml arenas and -0.3 MPa in 1-liter cups (low soil moistures) and had the highest establishment numbers between -0.1 and -0.01 MPa. At higher soil moistures, the number of nematodes establishing dropped significantly, especially in the 1-liter cups. The establishment range for S. glaseri was more restricted at the low soil moistures. It started establishing in hosts at -0.3 MPa in the 3.ml arenas and -0.05 MPa in the 1-liter cups, respectively. Its establishment numbers increased constantly at higher soil moistures but dropped in the 1-liter containers in water-saturated soil (-0.003 MPa). Although S. glaseri did not infect hosts after 24 hr exposure to very dry soil (-40 MPa), some S. carpocapsae still established in hosts after this exposure when the soil was rewetted to -0.006 MPa. Generally, S. carpocapsae performed better in drier conditions than S. glaseri .
Struma ovarii associated with pseudo-Meigs' syndrome and elevated serum CA 125.

Abstract Background. Struma ovarii, presenting as pseudo-Meigs' syndrome with an elevated CA 125 level, is a rare condition. Case. A 65-year-old patient presented with ascites, hydrothorax, right ovarian mass, and elevated CA 125 level. These findings were suspicious for an ovarian malignancy. The mass was removed and revealed struma ovarii, a specialized ovarian teratoma composed predominantly of mature thyroid tissue. In the setting of ascites and hydrothorax, the condition is known as pseudo-Meigs' syndrome. This is the second reported case in the English language literature of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome with an elevated CA 125 level resulting from struma ovarii. Conclusion. Struma ovarii is a rare cause of ascites, hydrothorax, and an elevated CA 125 level.
Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes: theoretical predictions and experimental measurements

Abstract Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes are discussed based on recent advances in both modeling and experiment. To cite this article: R.S. Ruoff et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003).
Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Epileptology with Respect to Psychiatry

Psychiatric problems in epileptology may result from complications of epilepsies, may parallel manifestations of a common underlying pathology or may be independent of the seizure disorder. The following aspects are described: (1) toxic psychiatric effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs); (2) idiosyncratic reactions with psychiatric symptomatology; (3) psychiatric complications at seizure control; (4) AED withdrawal syndromes, and (5) psychotropic actions of AEDs.
The concept of a physical law

(1987). The concept of a physical law. History of European Ideas: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 97-99.
Calculation of steady confined jets for two-dimensional plane laminar flows

Abstract The numerical method of Cebeci, based on the solution of boundary-layer equations and the Mechul approach, has been developed further and applied to the problem of two-dimensional, laminar, coflowing, confined jets. For high ratios of the velocity of the jet to the surrounding stream, a region of recirculation forms on the confining wall and the method has been used to calculate the wall pressure and velocity distributions for ratios of 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 and for values of the ratio of duct to jet width of 1, 2 and 8. The results indicate a smooth transition through separation and reattachement to fully-developed flow and, as a consequence, confirm that the method forms a basis for extension to turbulent coflowing confined jets, with small regions of separated flows, and to laminar and turbulent flows in similar configurations with imposed fluctuations. All calculations were performed with an Apple II microprocessor and demonstrate that practical boundary-layer calculations can be performed for low cost.
Initial studies of bound states in light-front QCD.

We present the first numerical QCD bound state calculation based on a renormalization-group-improved light-front Hamiltonian formalism. The QCD Hamiltonian is determined to second order in the coupling, and it includes two-body confining interactions. We make a momentum expansion, obtaining an equal-time-like Schr{umlt o}dinger equation. This is solved for quark-antiquark constituent states, and we obtain a set of self-consistent parameters by fitting {ital B} meson spectra. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Monetary policy and the trade weighted dollar

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of the trade‐weighted US dollar from 1973 to 2011 as a result of monetary policy.Design/methodology/approach – Relevant time series variables – the money supply, the federal funds rate, general financial conditions, national income and interest rate spread are used to investigate the impact of shocks on the US trade‐weighted dollar and to explain the predictive power the variables hold over the weighted dollar. This is accomplished by using the conventional procedures of variance decomposition and Granger causality tests.Findings – The paper finds that unexpected changes in national financial conditions, the federal funds rate and the velocity of money account for more variation in the performance of the trade‐weighted US dollar than do surprises associated with the interest rate spread (the variable that tracks quantitative easing (QE), quantitative contraction (QC) and neutrality).Practical implications – This article is unique in add...
Bias in a Directory Sample for a Mail Survey of Rural Households

This study examines bias in a mail survey of rural households that used telephone directories as the sampling frame and compares it with a parallel survey that used an independent sample selected from field listings. A higher response rate was obtained with the directory sample, which was primarily attributed to poorer address information for the listed sample. Although coverage of the study population was higher for the listed frame than for the directory frame, no significant differences were found for eight respondent and seven household characteristics. Also, no significant differences were found for seven key content variables regarding health behaviors and attitudes. The findings support the use of telephone directories as the sampling frame for general population mail surveys of rural areas where such coverage of the population is considered adequate. Frederick J. Kviz is an Associate Professor in the Epidemiology-Biometry Program, School of Public Health, and Research Associate Professor in the Survey Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago. This research was supported by Grant RO 1 HS 02778 from the National Center for Health Services Research. Sampling, data collection, and data processing were conducted by the Survey Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois. The author is grateful to Johnny Blair, Linda B. Lannom, and Jutta P. Sebestik for assistance in tabulating some of the results. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 48:801-806 ? by the Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 0033-362X/84/0048-801/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.243 on Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:53:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 802 FREDERICK J. KVIZ However, an evaluation of bias in mail surveys using directory samples seems never to have been reported. It would be useful to examine the size and nature of bias in such surveys and to consider whether that bias might be substantially reduced. To that end, this paper examines bias in a general population mail survey of rural households using telephone directories as the sampling frame in comparison with a mail survey using an independent sample selected from field listings of the same population. The listed sampling frame was expected to provide more complete coverage of the study population because it would avoid exclusion bias of directories due to nonsubscribers to the telephone service and unpublished telephone numbers.
Pain-Related Anxiety and Marijuana Use Motives: A Pilot Test Among Active Marijuana-Using Young Adults

The present investigation examined pain-related anxiety in regard to marijuana use motives among a sample of young adult marijuana users (N = 180; 45% women; M age = 21.11 years, SD = 6.41). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relations between pain-related anxiety and marijuana use motives. After controlling for current marijuana use frequency (past 30 days), daily cigarette smoking rate, current rate of alcohol consumption, level of bodily pain (current), and other marijuana use motives, pain-related anxiety was significantly and uniquely associated with coping and conformity motives for marijuana use. Pain-related anxiety was not significantly related to other marijuana use motives. These results offer novel empirical insight pertaining to a relation between pain-related anxiety and coping as well as conformity motives for marijuana use among active users.
Intimate Partner Violence Resource Materials Assessment of Information Distribution

Objective: To determine the educational impact of placing partner violence resource information in a medical setting. Method: A cross-sectional study with a structured interview. Setting: Emergency department (ED) in an urban academic medical center. Participants: adult patients and visitors. Interventions: Educational materials and community resource information. Results: 51 patients and 71 visitors (N = 122) met the inclusion criteria and consented to enrollment during a 2-week study period. Of the participants, 71% were female and 29% were male. Sixty-five (53%) of the participants noticed the literature or cards. Ten (8%) read the materials. Seven (6%) retained a copy of the literature. Nineteen (16%) of the participants acknowledged knowing someone who could benefit from the information. Nine (7%) revealed that some of the information was new to them. Conclusions: Placing intimate partner violence resource pamphlets and cards in a medical setting is one means of educating the community and promoting violence prevention.
Growth and device applications of III-nitrides by MBE

Abstract This paper reviews progress in the heteroepitaxial growth of III-nitrides by plasma-assisted MBE. The role of nucleation layers in determining the polarity of these films is addressed. Doping of GaN with silicon leads to n-type films whose carrier concentration can be controlled between 10 16 and 10 20 cm −3 . P-type doping with Mg with free carrier concentration of up to 5×10 18 cm −3 has been attained without requiring post-growth annealing. The epitaxial growth of AlGaN and InGaN alloys is addressed. AlGaN alloys were shown to undergo either one monolayer or seven and 12 monolayer superlattice ordering along the [0 0 0 1 6] direction, which is also the direction of growth. The InGaN alloys were found to undergo both ordering as well as phase separation. InGaN/GaN and GaN/AlGaN MQWs have been fabricated and found to show good radiative recombination efficiency. Carrier transport in lightly doped GaN films is anisotropic in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the substrate. In the parallel direction the mobility is reduced by dislocations while in the vertical direction the mobility attains values about 1000 cm 2 /V s, close to the theoretical prediction. AlN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with reflectivity 99% have been fabricated.
Self-deception inhibits laughter

How does self-deception affect the appreciation of humor and laughter? Fifty-nine undergraduates at Rutgers University (33 females, 26 males) were videotaped while watching a stand-up comedian for 28 min. Positive emotional expressions associated with laughter were analyzed for short sections of the act (total: 8 min or 14,400 video frames) and were scored for each subject using the facial action coding system (FACS). Participants who scored lower on a self-deception questionnaire (low self-deceivers) laughed significantly longer and more intensely than those who scored higher on the questionnaire (high self-deceivers). This was true when corrected for measures of impression management, extraversion, mood and how much a person laughs in their everyday life. If self-deception evolved to deceive others and laughter is a hard to fake signal of preferences, then suppressed laughter by self-deceptive individuals may serve to mask ones preferences. More generally since humor often involves seeing life or a person from a novel angle and self-deception tends to reduce such angles, self-deception will naturally tend to reduce ones sense of humor.
Physical Education As an Agent of Change

Much has changed since the days of Dudley Allen Sargent. Still, the purposes espoused by Sargent, and others who preceded us, are not so different from the purposes I see for our field today. Physical education has much to offer society and it is my belief that it can be an effective agent of change—especially in promoting the health of our nation. In this paper, I attempt to make a case for the establishment of clear common objectives for physical education that provide the basis for future action. Lack of clear and unambiguous objectives for physical education will render it (and NAPEHE) ineffective as an agent of change in the future. Suggestions concerning common objectives for physical education are outlined as well as suggestions for change in the schools, in colleges and universities, and within NAPEHE. My contention is that a clear purpose within physical education is essential if physical education is to be an effective agent of change in society.
A kinetic theory of tertiary contact formation coupled to the helix-coil transition in polypeptides.

The framework model and the hydrophobic collapse model represent two canonical descriptions of the protein folding process. The first places primary reliance on the short-range interactions of secondary structure and the second assigns greater importance to the long-range interactions of tertiary structure. The availability of increasingly detailed information about the folding mechanisms of diverse proteins suggests that both are important and the folding mechanism of most proteins utilizes different combinations of such interactions. A prior report described the XHC model, an extended helix-coil theory, which treats the mutual stabilization of secondary and tertiary structure in simple α-helical proteins at equilibrium. In this study, a kinetic scheme describing tertiary contact formation has been developed which relaxes to the XHC equilibrium model. The relaxation is governed by the relative stabilities of the equilibrium states and an additional factor which represents an activation energy for formati...
Engineering Improvements and Physics Studies of the Accelerated Compact Toroid in the CTIX Injector

The main goals of the experimental studies on the CTIX compact toroid accelerator are to improve CT parameters through engineering modification, and to quantify CT dynamics by the comparison of experimental measurements to MHD theories. Over this research period, the final CT kinetic energy has been increased by about 30%, with increased efficiency of first-cycle capacitor energy utilization. The efficiency increase is obtained through a combination of engineering modification to passive magnetic switching (saturable Metglas cores), and a fast gas system in the acceleration section of CTIX. Using the new switching system and gas puffing, the final CT density has been increased up to a factor of 5, compared to operation without puffing. The second task of the CTIX project is to compare the experimental data with the existing theoretical models. The most relevant models are that of force-free equilibrium, and a Hall-MHD model. From analysis of magnetic field data, it is determined that the Hall-MHD model gives better agreement, if effects of fluid vorticity are also included. This analysis has been reported in a recent paper (S. J. Howard et al., Submitted). Finally, a new plasma density measurement technique, deflectometry, has been compared with conventional interferometry method. A significant data base has been produced to show that the deflection measurements correlate well with the HeNe laser interferometry.