cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Telephone-based Mindfulness Training Intervention for Survivors of Critical Illness

Rationale: Persistent symptoms of psychological distress represent an unmet need among intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Objectives: We aimed to develop and pilot test a simple telephone-based mindfulness training intervention to address this population’s unique needs. Methods: Open trial involving survivors of medical and surgical critical illness and their informal caregivers, using a pretest–posttest design. Measurements and Main Results: We developed a six-session, telephone-delivered, ICU survivor–specific mindfulness intervention based on past focus groups, the medical literature, and the precedent of the most effective components of existing mindfulness programs. A total of 11 survivors of mechanical ventilation were enrolled, together with 2 informal caregivers for exploratory purposes. Three patients dropped out before intervention initiation because of progressive illness or severe social stressors. Of the 10 remaining participants, 8 (80%) completed the program within 7 weeks. Among these eight patients and caregivers who completed all study procedures, six (75%) experienced improvement in symptoms of psychological distress (anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder). Changes in distress symptoms were correlated with improvement in mindfulness qualities, adaptive coping, and emotion regulation. Participants reported high satisfaction with the program in postintervention interviews. Conclusions: A new ICU survivor–specific mindfulness training intervention delivered by telephone was acceptable and feasible. Changes in symptoms of distress were correlated with changes in skills that were targeted by the mindfulness program. Controlled trials are needed to further evaluate this promising intervention.
Correlation of biochemical response to interferon alfa with histological improvement in hepatitis C: A meta‐analysis of diagnostic test characteristics

The current goal of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C is to normalize alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and to eradicate detectable viral RNA. Many patients do not achieve this objective during treatment, and most do not sustain these outcomes after interferon is discontinued. However, biochemical or virological responses to interferon may not reflect accurately the histological consequences of therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the biochemical measures reflect the histological outcomes in the treatment of hepatitis C with interferon alfa using a meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics. The data sources were English and non-English language studies retrieved from Medline (from 1966 to December 1995). The study selection included studies in which interferon alfa was used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C with liver biopsies performed before and after therapy. Data on histological and biochemical outcomes were extracted independently by two reviewers. Two separate criteria were used for defining histological response. When strict definitions of histological improvement were considered, histology improved in 28% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 17%-43%) of patients after interferon treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the ALT for determining histological change were 70% (95% CI, 56%-81%) and 66% (95% CI, 56%-75%), respectively. As many as 17% (95% CI, 9%-30%) of subjects with an abnormal ALT at the end of therapy may have improved histologically after interferon therapy. When less stringent definitions of histological improvement were considered, 62% (95% CI, 51%-72%) improved after therapy. The sensitivity and specificity of the ALT for determining histological change were 55% (95% CI, 44%-65%) and 75% (95% CI, 67%-81%), respectively. As many as 51% (95% CI, 38%-64%) may have improved, despite failure to normalize ALT. A substantial number of patients may improve histologically after interferon therapy. The significance of histological changes observed after interferon therapy must be weighed against the limitations of liver biopsy and the uncertain natural history of hepatitis C. Nevertheless, the ALT does not always reflect liver histology accurately after interferon alfa treatment and may underestimate histological improvement.
Structure and function of the N-terminal domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus RNA polymerase

ABSTRACT Viruses have various mechanisms to duplicate their genomes and produce virus-specific mRNAs. Negative-strand RNA viruses encode their own polymerases to perform each of these processes. For the nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses, the polymerase is comprised of the large polymerase subunit (L) and the phosphoprotein (P). L proteins from members of the Rhabdoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Filoviridae share sequence and predicted secondary structure homology. Here, we present the structure of the N-terminal domain (conserved region I) of the L protein from a rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, at 1.8-A resolution. The strictly and strongly conserved residues in this domain cluster in a single area of the protein. Serial mutation of these residues shows that many of the amino acids are essential for viral transcription but not for mRNA capping. Three-dimensional alignments show that this domain shares structural homology with polymerases from other viral families, including segmented negative-strand RNA and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. IMPORTANCE Negative-strand RNA viruses include a diverse set of viral families that infect animals and plants, causing serious illness and economic impact. The members of this group of viruses share a set of functionally conserved proteins that are essential to their replication cycle. Among this set of proteins is the viral polymerase, which performs a unique set of reactions to produce genome- and subgenome-length RNA transcripts. In this article, we study the polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus, a member of the rhabdoviruses, which has served in the past as a model to study negative-strand RNA virus replication. We have identified a site in the N-terminal domain of the polymerase that is essential to viral transcription and that shares sequence homology with members of the paramyxoviruses and the filoviruses. Newly identified sites such as that described here could prove to be useful targets in the design of new therapeutics against negative-strand RNA viruses.
Opioid neuroscience for addiction medicine: From animal models to FDA approval for alcohol addiction.

Abstract Alcohol addiction is one of the most common and devastating diseases in the world. Given the tremendous heterogeneity of alcohol-addicted individuals, it is unlikely that one medication will help nearly all patients. Thus, there is a clear need to develop predictors of response to existing medications. Naltrexone is a mu opioid receptor antagonist which has been approved in the United States for treatment of alcohol addiction since 1994. It has limited efficacy, in part due to noncompliance, but many patients do not respond despite high levels of compliance. There are reports that a mis-sense single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs179919 or A118G) in the mu opioid receptor gene predicts a favorable response to naltrexone if an individual carries a “G” allele. This chapter will review the evidence for this hypothesis. The data suggest that the “G” allele has a complex role in alcohol addiction, increasing the rewarding valence of alcohol. Whether the G allele increases risk for alcoholism and whether it predisposes to a beneficial naltrexone response among alcohol-addicted persons must await additional research with large sample sizes of multiple ethnicities in prospective clinical trials.
Do heads of government age more quickly? Observational study comparing mortality between elected leaders and runners-up in national elections of 17 countries

Objectives To determine whether being elected to head of government is associated with accelerated mortality by studying survival differences between people elected to office and unelected runner-up candidates who never served. Design Observational study. Setting Historical survival data on elected and runner-up candidates in parliamentary or presidential elections in Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States, from 1722 to 2015. Participants Elected and runner-up political candidates. Main outcome measure Observed number of years alive after each candidate’s last election, relative to what would be expected for an average person of the same age and sex as the candidate during the year of the election, based on historical French and British life tables. Observed post-election life years were compared between elected candidates and runners-up, adjusting for life expectancy at time of election. A Cox proportional hazards model (adjusted for candidate’s life expectancy at the time of election) considered years until death (or years until end of study period for those not yet deceased by 9 September 2015) for elected candidates versus runners-up. Results The sample included 540 candidates: 279 winners and 261 runners-up who never served. A total of 380 candidates were deceased by 9 September 2015. Candidates who served as a head of government lived 4.4 (95% confidence interval 2.1 to 6.6) fewer years after their last election than did candidates who never served (17.8 v 13.4 years after last election; adjusted difference 2.7 (0.6 to 4.8) years). In Cox proportional hazards analysis, which considered all candidates (alive or deceased), the mortality hazard for elected candidates relative to runners-up was 1.23 (1.00 to 1.52). Conclusions Election to head of government is associated with a substantial increase in mortality risk compared with candidates in national elections who never served.
Language mapping in pretreatment planning of patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation: a PET study.

Purpose: Three patients who had cerebral arteriovenous malformations underwent language mapping by positron emission tomography (PET) to identify the dominant hemisphere for language and the spatial relation of lesions to language areas. Methods: Mapping was performed to assess the risk that surgery could cause neurologic deficits and to plan other therapeutic strategies. Results: The information obtained by PET language mapping changed the course of management for these patients. Two patients were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery and one patient with surgical resection. Conclusions: PET imaging can be a valuable noninvasive tool for mapping the functional cortex and for preoperative planning of different treatment options in patients with arteriovenous malformations.
Cortisone Treatment of Sarcoidosis

SUMMARY A case of sarcoidosis with involvement of the eyes, the skin and lungs, treated with cortisone, is presented. Complete resolution of the uveitis and skin nodules occurred. The chest x-ray film revealed marked parenchymal and moderate hilar lymphadenopathy resolution, though complete clearing never was achieved. Eight weeks after completion of steroid therapy, an increase of parenchymal lesions was noted. These results compare with similar recent reports in the literature.
Selection of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease for arterial surgery.

The selection of patients with transient ischemic symptoms or stroke for arterial surgery should be based on an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the clinical manifestations. A thorough clinical evaluation of the neurologic and vascular status by history and physical examination is essential. Noninvasive methods for detecting alterations in cerebral or ophthalmic arterial blood pressure and flow are useful in screening patients for arteriography. However, complete and detailed angiography is an absolute requisite prior to surgery to delineate the exact location, extent, and morphologic characteristics of any lesions that may be present. The aim of extracranial vascular surgery is the prevention of irreversible neurologic deficit or, in some patients, the extension of an already existing deficit. Extracranial vascular surgery should be done only by surgeons who have demonstrated that they can achieve an acceptably low level of mortality and severe morbidity (overall less than 1%). This is particularly imperative since the most suitable candidates are individuals who are neurologically intact or neurologically stable at the time of surgery.
Machinability of Hardened Sintered Steel

The tool life in turning of sintered steels becomes shorter than that in turning of melted steels such as carbon steels. In order to clarify an effective tool material for the cutting of hardened sintered steel, the tool wear, the surface roughness and the cutting forces were experimentally investigated. The hardened sintered steel was turned with three kinds of PVD coated cemented carbide tools and four kinds of CBN tools. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) In the PVD coated cemented carbide tools, the wear progress of Ti(C, N) coated cemented carbide tool was slowest. (2) In the cutting of hardened sintered steel with the Ti(C, N) coated cemented carbide tool, both the surface roughness and the cutting forces were almost constant under the cutting speed 0.14m/s to 1.67m/s. (3) In the CBN tools, the wear progress of CBN tool which has Co based binder was slowest. (4) The mirror finish was clarified to be possible in the low speed cutting of hardened sintered steel with the CBN tool which has Co based binder.
Detection of pathogenic aeromonas from shellfish seafood

Objective:To study the carrying conditions and season fluctuation of aeromonas among shellfish seafood and provide the evidence to control the aeromonas.Methods:Suspected aeromonas stains were detected from shellfish seafood by two-step filtration method and then identified by systemic biochemistry.Pathogenic aeromonas was detected from Shellfish seafood according the seasons while its fluctuation was observed.Results:8 kinds,1490 strains of pathogenic aeromonas were deteced from 13 kinds,1431 samples of shellfish seafood sold in the market,and the detection rate is 61.29%.Most of the detected aeromonas were aeromonas among 350 samples simultaneously.Conclusion:Fresh shellfish seafood sold in the hydrophila.The highest carring rate of aeromonas was clams,while oyster,sea-mussel and trumpet shell had the lower detection rate of aeromonas.More than 2 kinds of pathogenic aeromonas were detected market widely carries pathogenic aeromonas.Shellfish seafood has the higher detection rate of aeromonas than crustacean seafood.The detection peak appears on the summer and autumn which fluctuation is in accord with the epidemic of aeromonas disease.Itindicates that fresh shellfish seafood sold in the market is the chief hazard factor to cause the aeromonas disease.The residents have the habit of eating the fresh shellfish seafood without cooking or well cooking which increase the hazard of being infected.So well cooking method should be applied when eating fresh shellfish seafood to reduce the occurring of the aeromonas disease.
Effect of Acitretin on MCP-1 and MIP-1α of the Peripheral Blood in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of acitretin on psoriasis vulgaris(PV)and study the effect of acitretin on serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant Protein-1(MCP-1)and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α),further clarify the mechanism of Acitretin. Methods Thirty-eight patients with moderate to severe PV were treated with acitretin for 8 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of MCP-1 and MIP-1α in 40 healthy controls and 38 patients with PV before and after treatment.Results The mean PASI scores were significantly decreased after treatment with acitretin (P0.01).Serum levels of MCP-1 and MIP-1α were(267.95±16.87)pg/mL and(1 319.47±165.25)pg/mL respectively. They were significantly higher in PV patients than those in healthy controls (87.36±9.63) pg/mL and (479.24±35.71) pg/mL respectively (P0.01).After treatment with acitretin,serum level of MCP-1 (91.71±11.25) pg/mL was significantly decreased than that before treatment (P0.01), and had no significant difference with that in healthy controls (P0.05); Serum level of MIP-1α (956.58±87.39) pg/mL was significantly decreased than that before treatment (P0.01), but it was still higher than that in healthy controls (P0.01). Conclusion Acitretin is significantly effective in the treatment of moderate to severe PV. It may affect serum levels of MCP-1 and MIP-1α to play a role in the treatment of psoriasis.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Quanzhou County from 2004 to 2011

Objective To understand epidemic characteristics of rabies in northern Guiangxi region of Quanzhou County in this century,so as to provide a scientific basis for the county's disease control. Methods The county 's rabies epidemic data from 2004 to 2011 were collected and statistically analyzed. Results Results A total of 176 cases of rabie occured in the county during the past 14 years,and the crowd average annual incidence rate was 1. 60 /100 000 and the mortality was 100%. The rabies cases accounted for 38. 64% in September,October and November. The 0- 5 year- old child cases accounted for 11. 93% and 40- 65 year- old people accounted for 61. 36%. Farmers infected accounted for 80. 68%. The rabies cases mainly concentrated in the two regions of the county's six townships,accounting for 47. 85% of the county's total population and 62. 50% of the total number of cases. Among the 176 death cases of rabies,173 cases were not vaccinated in a timely manner and 3 cases unfinished vaccination. Conclusions Compared with the 1980's to 1990's in last century, the number of rabies cases increases and the control task is still serious in this county.
Hot Metal Gas Forming of Light-weight High Strength Vehicle Structural Components

Hot metal gas forming (HMGF),which is an elevated temperature gas forming process,is an outgrowth of superplastic forming (SPF) and hot blow forming (HBF). It's a new concept of thermally enhanced forming process,and materials have better formability,deformation mechanism and improved forming efficiency in which. Gas forming integrated components(GFIC),which is a new manufacturing concept,can be achieved in HMGF. HMGF provides a new way for the manufacture of light-weight high strength vehicle structures in low cost. The outgrowth and new development of it was introduced. Then the basic processes and main characteristics were presented. Finally,the key technologies and future developments were proposed as well.
Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Purpose of Review:The purpose of this article is to present the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is a neurologic emergency that carries high morbidity and mortality. Patients with SAH are at risk for several significant neurologi
Priority ethical issues in oncology nursing: current approaches and future directions.

Purpose/objectives To describe ethical issues determined to be highly important to oncology nurses and to discuss strategies by which the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) can address these priority concerns. Data sources Survey on oncology nurses regarding ethical issues; nursing literature. Data synthesis Nine priority ethical issues of oncology nurses are identified. Past, current, and future ONS activities that address these priority issues are discussed. Implications for nursing practice ONS must support activities to increase the knowledge, confidence, and involvement of oncology nurses in discussions and decision making related to the ethical issues. Conclusions The top three priority ethical issues for oncology nurses are assisted suicide, end-of-life decisions, and pain management. Efforts should be made to increase ethics expertise among the ONS membership.
Managing the stress of caring for rehabilitation patients.

Stress is ubiquitous. It creates mental and physical symptoms, causes problems at home and at work, and is a major factor in absenteeism and resignations. Nurses are challenged to create a healing environment for their patients while facing significant stressors of their own. A variety of strategies are available for coping with both job-connected stress and stress at home. For nurses to provide patients with the best available care, they, themselves, must feel cared for on a consistent basis. In spite of its scarcity, time devoted to "destressing " is definitely well spent.
A distributed reputation scheme for situation awareness in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) enhance road safety by frequently exchanging real-time data about road conditions through wireless sensor nodes. This exchange allows vehicles to detect potential hazards by sharing information about their location and speed. As vehicles communicate, there is need for a mechanism to verify the trustworthiness of messages that are sent in the network. This paper proposes a reputation model that aids vehicles in a road network to evaluate the reliability of their peers. In this scheme, each receiving vehicle requests other vehicles within its communication range to give their opinion about the trustworthiness of the sending vehicle. Alternatively, the receiving vehicle gets opinion about the sending vehicle from the Road Side Unit (RSU). The scheme applies conditional probability to identify malevolent peers. We present an algorithm for the proposed model and perform simulations to validate our work. Simulation results demonstrate that on average, the proposed scheme achieves a 90% accuracy in detecting malicious messages. The scheme is also scalable.
Electromagnetic mechanism of SERS

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was originally discovered in the 1970s [1, 2] where it was found that submonolayers of small nonresonant organic molecules, such as pyridine, when adsorbed onto the surface of silver nanoparticles (and a few other metals such as copper and gold) would exhibit greatly enhanced Raman intensities (enhancements of 10). These results have always held the promise for using this technique to observe very low concentrations of molecules on nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces, but only recently has this promise started to be fulfilled in a predictable way. Thanks to exciting advances in techniques for making nanoparticles (such as nanosphere and e-beam lithography), to characterizing the surfaces using electron and scanning probe microscopies, to functionalizing the surfaces of the particles using self-assembled monolayers with attached chemical receptors, and to the laser and optics technology associated with measuring the Raman spectra, a number of important applications have been reported recently [3]. Included in these results have been the determination of SERS excitation spectra for benzenethiol on lithographically fabricated silver surfaces (periodic particle arrays fabricated using nanosphere lihtography) and the first observation of glucose using SERS [4, 5]. Another area of great interest in the SERS community concerns the observation of single-molecule SERS (SMSERS) [6,7,8]. This technique, which was originally developed in 1997 [6, 7], has proven to be of fundamental interest due to the nominal enhancement factor of > 10 required for the observation of any signal, but it has so far proven to be elusive in providing widespread applicability, due to the limited numbers of molecules and substrates for which successful observations have been made. In particular, almost all of the observations to date have been with molecules that are resonant Raman scatterers (such as rhodamine 6G), which typically have larger Raman intensities for non-SERS applications than nonresonant molecules like pyridine by factors of 10 or more. In addition, the range of substrates that yield SMSERS has been limited mostly to colloidal aggregate structures, which presumably are efficient at producing particle junction structures (i.e., dimers and small clus-
Ethical Issues in Hemodialysis

The history of hemodialysis is closely intertwined with the birth of bioethics. In 1960, Belding Scribner’s invention of the arteriovenous shunt offered hope for continuing life for the population with end-stage renal disease that had formerly faced a certain death. Suddenly, there were many patients and limited resources with which to serve them, giving rise to profound ethical questions: who should have access to these resources? How should candidates be selected and by what criteria? This chapter provides a discussion of the ethical quandaries that emerged in establishing continuing treatment for patients with chronic renal failure. The author was privileged to know Dr. Scribner and some of his associates such as Dr. Christopher Blagg, as well as Dr. George Aagaard, former dean of the Medical School, and Dr. John Hogness, former president of the University of Washington. These relationships allowed personal communications regarding ethical issues arising from the newly developed practice of chronic renal dialysis.
An evaluation of research productivity in academic IT

Scholarly research continues to be a significant component of a faculty member’s portfolio. The evaluation of the quality and quantity of that research is becoming increasingly important for tenure and promotion decisions and post-tenure reviews. Using surveys, several recent articles attempted to rank or group IT journals by quality perceptions. This study extends these previous studies by considering the quantity dimension of scholarly research by investigating the number of publications that appear in a set of top-tier IT journals by both individual author and institution. Data is presented on the most prolific publishers and the most productive IS departments in publishing in these "premier" journals. 1223 authors from 389 different universities were published with an average of 1.41 authors per IS article. Only three non-U.S. universities (National University of Singapore, Queen's University, and University of British Columbia) are in the top 24 publishing universities. 73% of researchers who published in these "premier" journals publish less than one adjusted count article in a top-tier journal in 5 years using the adjusted count. Only 49 authors had their names on 5 or more top-tier IS articles in 5 years leading to the conclusion that achieving tenure
Learning Without Storing: Wittgenstein’s Cognitive Science of Learning and Memory

Education has recently been shaped by the cognitive science of memory. In turn, the science of memory has been infused by revolutionary ideas found in Wittgenstein’s works. However, the memory science presently applied to education draws mainly on traditional models that are quickly becoming outmoded; Wittgenstein’s insights have yet to be fruitfully applied, though they have helped to develop the science of memory. In this chapter, I examine three Wittgensteinian reforms in memory science as they pertain to education . First, Wittgenstein has inspired a particular strain of enactive models of memory and cognition, with important implications for theories of situated learning in education. Second, researchers have begun modeling memory as public practice , which deeply informs, inter alia, fraught theoretical discussions of assessment. Third, a number of memory researchers have rejected models based on a stored trace, a fundamental, Wittgensteinian revision with broad implications for characterizations of learning.
“Shopping while Black”: Black consumers’ management of racial stigma and racial profiling in retail settings:

This article draws on qualitative interview data collected from 55 African Americans residing in the New York City area to examine African Americans’ experiences of consumer racial profiling or “Sh...
An overview of hardware intellectual property protection

Over the last fifteen years, a plethora of techniques has been developed to protect the hardware from piracy attacks from different sets of attackers in the supply chain — untrusted foundry, untrusted user, untrusted testing facility, or a combination thereof. This article explains their threat model(s), capabilities, and limitations. It also highlights several approaches that are developed to incorporate these techniques in conventional logic designs. Finally, the article explains provably-secure IP protection techniques and outline the challenges involved in making those technique practical.
Medieval Site in Ireland

A Medieval village, of probable Anglo-Norman age, was discovered buried in a field east of a still-standing castle in western Ireland. This village is composed of houses that were enclosed by ditched and berms that were likely property boundaries but also served to drain the wet ground for other activities. The ditches are readily visible with magnetic mapping, and the central hearths of houses stand out as distinct positive magnetic anomalies. The house floors and other built features on this cultural landscape are visible using GPR reflection profiles, and their interpretation helps in understanding many of the magnetic features through the area. A structure, which is likely a crannog, is visible in both magnetic and GPR amplitude maps in what is a marshy area today. The GPR images of this building show a distinct floor and central hearth, with posts and a stone wall that supported it. The magnetic readings show part of its floor outline, and the central hearth. An overall analysis of the human presence on this broad landscape east of the castle indicates that the people who lived there were connected to the ruling elite in the castle by a road leading through their village, heading directly to the castle gates. Those people may have played a role in the construction of the castle, or provided products and services during the time of the Anglo-Norman invasions and subsequent occupation.
Cronometría del ritmo en cuatro lenguas colombianas: emberá-chamí, kamsá, kogui, y wayúu

The study describes the timing of rhythm in four indigenous Colombian languages: Embera-Chami, Kamsa, Kogui, and Wayuu, which were situated on a typological map, along with other languages of the world. Using data publicly available on GlobalRecordings.org and AILLA, we calculated the timing of rhythm, as established by Ramus, Nespor & Mehler (1999) and Low & Grabe (1995). The results of the analysis show that Embera-Chami follows the same rhythmic patterns as syllable-timed languages. Depending on the metrics applied, Kogui and Wayuu either constitute an independent rhythmic group, or fit the patterns of stress-timed languages. Finally, Kamsa can be classified as a mixed language. Our study provides the first measurements of the timing of rhythm in these Colombian languages. Thus, it contributes to the understanding of their phonological patterns, as well as to the studies of typological tendencies of rhythm.
Impact of Stroke Call on the Stroke Neurology Workforce in the United States: Possible Challenges and Opportunities.

Background The Stroke & Vascular Neurology Section of the American Academy of Neurology was charged to identify challenges to the recruitment and retention of stroke neurologists and to make recommendations to address any identified problems. The Section initiated this effort by determining the impact of stroke on-call requirements as a barrier to the recruitment and retention of vascular neurologists. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey of a sample of US Neurologists providing acute stroke care. Results Of the 900 neurologists who were sent surveys, 313 (35%) responded. Of respondents from institutions providing stroke coverage, 71% indicated that general neurologists and 45% indicated that vascular neurologists provided that service. Of those taking stroke call, 36% agreed with the statement, “I spent too much time on stroke call,” a perception that was less common among those who took less than 12-hour shifts (P Conclusions Although the reasons are likely multifactorial, our survey of neurologists providing stroke care suggests that over-burdensome on-call responsibilities may be contributing to the vascular neurology workforce burnout and could be affecting recruitment and retention of vascular neurologists. Strategies to reduce the lifestyle impact of stroke call may help address this problem.
Dynamics and Spatial Genomics of the Nascent Transcriptome by Intron seqFISH

Visualization of the transcriptome and the nuclear organization in situ has been challenging for single-cell analysis. Here, we demonstrate a multiplexed single-molecule in situ method, intron seqFISH, that allows imaging of 10,421 genes at their nascent transcription active sites in single cells, followed by mRNA and lncRNA seqFISH and immunofluorescence. This nascent transcriptome-profiling method can identify different cell types and states with mouse embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. The nascent sites of RNA synthesis tend to be localized on the surfaces of chromosome territories, and their organization in individual cells is highly variable. Surprisingly, the global nascent transcription oscillated asynchronously in individual cells with a period of 2 hr in mouse embryonic stem cells, as well as in fibroblasts. Together, spatial genomics of the nascent transcriptome by intron seqFISH reveals nuclear organizational principles and fast dynamics in single cells that are otherwise obscured.
Primary causes of perinatal death. An autopsy study of 556 cases in Greek infants.

Summary The primary causes of death in 556 autopsy cases of perinatal death during the six years from 1979 through 1984 are discussed. On the basis of the clinical data and gross and microscopic findings, each case was assigned to one of the following categories of primary causes of death: a pulmonary hyaline membrane disease, infection, malformation, anoxia, immaturity, maternal causes, other causes, and unaccounted for. Definitions of Perinatal infant diseases, essential points of diagnosis, and statistics relating to perinatal infant death are also discussed.
2 – Quantum optics with single quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities

: Quantum dots (QDs) coupled to photonic crystal cavities constitute a scalable platform for probing fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). Very strong interaction between light and matter can be achieved in this system as a result of the field localization inside sub-cubic wavelength volumes leading to vacuum Rabi frequencies in the range of 10s of GHz. We describe our recent proof-of-principle quantum optics experiments performed on such systems, which range from deterministic single photon generation, to phonon-photon coupling, and on-chip wavelength conversion. These experiments demonstrate the potential of this system as a platform for both technology applications and explorations of light-matter interaction at the fundamental level.
Efficient Learning-Based Recommendation Algorithms for Top-N Tasks and Top-N Workers in Large-Scale Crowdsourcing Systems

The task and worker recommendation problems in crowdsourcing systems have brought up unique characteristics that are not present in traditional recommendation scenarios, i.e., the huge flow of tasks with short lifespans, the importance of workers’ capabilities, and the quality of the completed tasks. These unique features make traditional recommendation approaches no longer satisfactory for task and worker recommendation in crowdsourcing systems. In this article, we propose a two-tier data representation scheme (defining a worker--category suitability score and a worker--task attractiveness score) to support personalized task and worker recommendations. We also extend two optimization methods, namely least mean square error and Bayesian personalized rank, to better fit the characteristics of task/worker recommendation in crowdsourcing systems. We then integrate the proposed representation scheme and the extended optimization methods along with the two adapted popular learning models, i.e., matrix factorization and kNN, and result in two lines of top-N recommendation algorithms for crowdsourcing systems: (1) Top-N-Tasks recommendation algorithms for discovering the top-N most suitable tasks for a given worker and (2) Top-N-Workers recommendation algorithms for identifying the top-N best workers for a task requester. An extensive experimental study is conducted that validates the effectiveness and efficiency of a broad spectrum of algorithms, accompanied by our analysis and the insights gained.
Epistemic Logic and Epistemology

This chapter provides a brief introduction to propositional epistemic logic and its applications to epistemology. No previous exposure to epistemic logic is assumed. Epistemic-logical topics discussed include the language and semantics of basic epistemic logic, multi-agent epistemic logic, combined epistemic-doxastic logic, and a glimpse of dynamic epistemic logic. Epistemological topics discussed include Moore-paradoxical phenomena, the surprise exam paradox, logical omniscience and epistemic closure, formalized theories of knowledge, debates about higher-order knowledge, and issues of knowability raised by Fitch’s paradox. The references and recommended readings provide gateways for further exploration.
Clinically Oriented Contour Evaluation Using Dosimetric Indices Generated From Automated Knowledge-Based Planning.

Purpose Geometric indicators of contouring accuracy suffer from lack of clinical context in radiation therapy. To provide clinical relevance, treatment plans should be generated from the candidate contours, but manual planning could introduce confounding variations. Therefore, our objectives in this study were as follows: (1) determine the feasibility of using automated knowledge-based planning as an objective tool to generate dosimetric parameters for contour evaluation, (2) evaluate the correlation between geometric indices and dosimetric endpoints, and (3) report the dosimetric impact of multiple observations of head and neck target and organ-at-risk (OAR) volumes contoured by resident physicians. Methods and Materials Twenty-two resident physicians contoured the clinical target volumes, parotids, and cochleae for a nasopharyngeal cancer case, and expert-generated contours were defined as the gold standard for this study. A validated knowledge-based planning routine generated 67 treatment plans with various resident/gold-standard and target/OAR combinations. Dosimetric indices (dose to hottest 98% volume of planning target volume, and mean dose of OAR) were calculated on gold-standard contours. Commonly used geometric indices (Dice coefficients, Hausdorff maximum/mean/median distances, volume differences, and centroid distances) were also calculated. R2 quantified the correlation between geometric and dosimetric indices. Results The correlation between geometric and dosimetric indices was weak (R2 Conclusions Contour variation among resident physicians significantly affected dosimetric endpoints, highlighting the importance of resident education in head and neck anatomy delineation. Whenever available, dosimetric indices generated from automated planning should be used alongside geometric indices in radiation therapy contouring studies.
Formally Correct Composition of Coordinated Behaviors Using Control Barrier Certificates

In multi-robot systems, although the idea of behaviors allows for an efficient solution to low-level tasks, high-level missions can rarely be achieved by the execution of a single behavior. In contrast to this, a sequence of behaviors would provide the requisite expressiveness, but there are no a priori guarantees that the sequence is composable in the sense that the robots can actually execute it. In order to guarantee a provably correct composition of behaviors, Finite-Time Convergence Control Barrier Functions are introduced in this paper to guarantee the terminal configuration of one behavior is a valid initial configuration for the following one. Nominal control inputs prescribed by the behaviors are modified in a minimally invasive fashion, in order to establish the information-exchange network required by the following behavior. The effectiveness of the proposed composition strategy is validated on a team of mobile robots.
The Dynamic Jahn-Teller Effect in High-Tc Superconductors and Water Buckyballs

An update of the dynamic Jahn-Teller (DJT) vibronic mechanism for high-Tc superconductivity, first proposed by the author in 1983 and applied to cuprates in 1987, was presented along with recent work on technologically important vibronic effects in pentagonal dodecahedral water “buckyball” nanoclusters.
Propagating Fronts in Reactive Media

Wavelike phenomena of many different types can be modeled with the aid of systems of partial differential equations of convection-diffusion-reaction type. Combustion theory provides a typical setting for these equations, but they are used in a great number of other contexts as well. I shall concentrate on one-dimensional steady-state traveling front solutions. A review (necessarily incomplete) will be made of a number of importantadvances in (1) asymptotic and other methods for reducing the complexity of given systems, and (2) more rigorous results on systems of one or two equations.
DFT and QSAR Studies of Ethylene Polymerization byZirconocene Catalysts

A computational study of olefin polymerization has been performed on 51 zirconocene catalysts. The catalysts can be categorized into three classes according to the ligand framework: class I, Cp2ZrC...
Correction of Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle and Limb Shortening in a Juvenile Dog Using a Hinged Circular Fixator Construct and Distraction Osteogenesis

An 18-week-old Rhodesian Ridgeback puppy that was hit by a car sustained a Salter-Harris type III fracture of the left proximal tibial physis and ipsilateral diaphyseal femoral and tibial fractures. The diaphyseal fractures were successfully stabilized with bone plate fixation. Premature closure of the caudal aspect of the proximal tibial physis, secondary to the proximal physeal fracture, resulted in an excessively high tibial plateau angle (TPA) of 50° with a limb length discrepancy of 13% by 24 weeks of age. The deformity was addressed by performing a proximal tibial osteotomy and subsequent distraction osteogenesis to reduce the TPA while concurrently lengthening the crus. A radial osteotomy was performed in the proximal metaphyseal region and the hinged fixator was applied. Distraction was initiated the day following surgery at a rate of 1 mm per day as measured along the caudal cortex of the tibia with a rhythm of three distractions daily. Distraction was terminated 19 days postoperatively. Sequential distraction of the osteotomy resulted in 17 mm of tibial lengthening and a final TPA of 3°. The fixator was removed 52 days after application. Complications included wire tract inflammation involving the wires securing the proximal segment and a calcaneal fracture which required bone plate stabilization. The left pelvic limb was only 8% shorter than the right pelvic limb and the dog had only a subtle lameness 12 months after surgery. The hinged circular fixator construct allowed for both the reduction of the TPA and limb segment lengthening in this dog.
Design Methodology of a ZVS Class-E Inverter with Fixed Gain

A ZVS Class-E inverter design is presented, aiming at Zero-Voltage Turn-On (ZVTO) and fixed voltage gain over a wide load range without adding components, changing duty cycle, or tuning switching frequency. Passive components could be designed and tuned one-by-one. The expectations were validated by a Class-E inverter switched at 6.78 MHz with 11-V input voltage, 16-V output voltage, and 25-W maximum output power. ZVTO is maintained with 9% output voltage increase over a 10:1 output power range.
Transplant Characteristics and Outcomes of Philadelphia (Ph)-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Background Ph-like ALL is a recently recognized high risk B-ALL subgroup, defined by a gene expression profile similar to Ph (+) ALL that activates tyrosine kinase or cytokine receptor signaling. Several studies have described inferior outcomes with conventional chemotherapy and although small series suggest that it is responsive to targeted therapies, stem cell transplant (SCT) remains the only potentially curative option. However, the SCT outcomes of Ph-like ALL are not well defined and it remains unknown whether SCT is able to overcome the adverse prognosis associated with it. Methods We retrospectively identified 77 adult patients with Ph (-) B-ALL that received a SCT at Memorial Sloan Kettering, 2008-2018, and reviewed their cytogenetic and molecular reports at diagnosis. Testing for Ph-like ALL is employed in an algorithmically driven approach at our institution including cytogenetics, chromosomal microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS). Ph-like ALL was defined by the presence of abnormalities including ABL-class fusions that phenocopy BCR-ABL (ABL1, ABL2, CSF1R and PDGFRB) or alterations of CRFL2, JAK2 and EPOR that activate JAK/STAT signaling. We then analyzed the SCT outcomes of Ph-like patients and compared them to Ph (-) patients. Results A Ph-like signature was identified in 13 of 77 (16.9%) patients by NGS (n=7), cytogenetics (n=1), both NGS/cytogenetics (n=2) or microarray (n=3). Median age of all 13 patients was 42.7 (range 23.9-67.7) years and 6 (46.2%) patients were adolescents/young adults ( At a median follow up of 17.3 (range 0.5-109.3) months, overall survival (OS) was comparable between the Ph-like and Ph (-) groups with one-year OS rates of 74% and 70% (p=0.534) respectively (Fig 2A). Causes of death in Ph-like patients were relapse (n=2) and infectious complications (n=1). One-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 32.7% in Ph-like vs 17.3% in Ph (-) patients, however it did not reach statistical significance (p=0.94, Fig 3). Among the 4 Ph-like patients who relapsed, 1 had refractory disease prior to SCT, 2 were in second remission and 1 in first remission. One-year disease free survival was also comparable between the 2 groups (67% for Ph-like vs 65% for Ph (-), p=0.719) (Fig 2B). Finally, acute GVHD rates by day 100 were 69.2% in Ph-like (n=9) vs 53.1% (n=34) in Ph (-) patients (p=0.3). Conclusions Our findings suggest that SCT overcomes the adverse prognosis associated with the Ph-like signature and should be incorporated in the treatment of patients with this disease entity.
Single-center In-hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes.

Background This study was designed to evaluate the patient characteristics and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Materials and methods We carried out a single-center, 5-year, retrospective chart review and analysis of resuscitation data for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), length of stay (LOS) until cardiac arrest, survival of initial IHCA, survival to hospital discharge, primary medical service, and determination of the etiology of cardiac arrest. Results A total of 500 cases occurred with a mean LOS of 8.5 days until the initial IHCA. Overall, 79.5% survived the initial IHCA and 32.4% survived to discharge. As LOS increased, there was an increase in the proportion of pulmonary and metabolic etiologies. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for BMI, gender, age, LOS, and primary medical service were on a surgical service significant for survival to discharge (p = 0.0007) and LOS <9 days significant for survival of IHCA (p = 0.018). Conclusion There are a number of causes of IHCA, and the incidence of death and respiratory related IHCA etiologies increase with LOS. Length of stay carries the highest weight when predicting survival of IHCA. Also, there is a higher rate of survival to discharge when on a primary surgical service. How to cite this article Riley LE, Mehta HJ, Lascano J. Single-center In-hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(1):44-48.