cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Striatal neurons expressing somatostatin-like immunoreactivity: evidence for a peptidergic interneuronal system in the cat.

Neurons expressing immunoreactivity to antisera against somatostatin 14 and other somatostatin-related peptides were identified in the striatum of cats and nonhuman primates. In each species, immunoreactive neurons were distributed singly and in small groups in the caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral striatum. A detailed study was made of somatostatin-positive neurons and neuropil in the caudate nucleus of the cat. First, the mean diameters and surface areas of neurons expressing immunoreactivity to somatostatin 14 were made from peroxidase-antiperoxidase stained material. Second, fluorescence immunohistochemistry was combined with retrograde labeling of striatal neurons to determine whether such somatostatin 14-positive neurons emit axons projecting out of the striatum. Third, the distributions of neurons and neuropil expressing immunoreactivity to somatostatin 14 or somatostatin 28 (1–12) were plotted in relation to the locations of acetylcholinesterase-poor zones (“striosomes”) visible in adjoining sections. The morphometric analysis suggested that somatostatin 14-positive neurons in the caudate nucleus form a single population of medium to medium-large neurons having mean diameters of 20 μm and mean surface areas of 154 μm2. The retrograde tracer study suggested that these somatostatin 14-positive neurons are interneurons. Injections of fast blue into all of the known targets of striatofugal fiber projections failed to label somatostatin 14-positive neurons save in a few instances (less than 0.3% of more than 4000 neurons) in each of which labeling was equivocal. Analysis of the distribution of somatostatin-positive neurons and neuropil in the striatum demonstrated that both observe striosomal ordering. Somatostatin immunoreactive neuropil was dense outside and weak inside identified striosomes, and most immunoreactive neurons lay outside. Often somatostatin-positive neurons lay beside, and sometimes striosomes partly rimmed them. The processes of such neurons tended to run along the borders of the striosomes without crossing them, but occasionally single processes and rarely entire dendritic trees crossed from one compartment to the other. These results suggest that, in the striatum of the cat, somatostatin is present: (1) in fibers organized according to the compartmental distribution already recognized for other neurochemical compounds in the striatum as well as for its afferent and efferent systems, and (2) in interneurons, mostly present in the extrastriosomal matrix, but also located near striosomes, where they could serve as interfaces between the striosomes and extrastriosomal matrix.
Rate of tumor growth predicts recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation in patients beyond Milan or UCSF criteria.

Abstract Background It is likely that some patients whose tumor burdens exceed the current transplant criteria have favorable tumor biology, and that these patients would have low risk of tumor recurrence after liver transplantation (LT). To assess the rate of tumor growth as selection criteria for LT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We identified all patients who underwent LT for HCC in our institution from 2002 to 2008. Total tumor volume (TTV) was calculated as the sum of the volumes of all tumors on pretransplantation imaging [(4/3)πr 3 , where r is the maximum radius of each HCC]. The rate of tumor growth was calculated as per-month change in TTV on sequential pretransplantation imaging before any locoregional therapy. A Kaplan-Meier plot was constructed and Cox regression analysis performed. Results Ninety-two patients were included in the study. The median follow-up was 19.5 (range 10.7–30.7) months during which 12 patients (13%) experienced recurrence of HCC. Twenty-four patients (26%) had HCC beyond the Milan criteria, and the overall survival rate of the entire group was 72%. Higher pre-LT alpha-fetoprotein (hazard ratio [HR] 1.01; P = .001), poorly differentiated tumors (HR 13; P = .039), the presence of microvascular invasion (HR 7.9; P = .001), higher TTV (HR 1.03; P P 3 /mo was chosen on the basis of the risk of recurrence with the use of a receiver operating characteristic curve. Patients beyond the Milan criteria with tumor growth 3 /mo experienced less recurrence (11% vs 58%; P = .023) than those beyond the Milan criteria with tumor growth >1.61 cm 3 /mo. Similarly, rate of tumor growth predicted HCC recurrence in those beyond the University of California of San Francisco (UCSF) criteria. Conclusions Patients with slowly growing tumor who would be currently excluded from LT because tumor burden exceeds traditional Milan and UCSF criteria may have a favorable posttransplantation outcome.
Learning to look through the eyes of our students: action research as a tool of inquiry

Abstract The story we are about to tell occurred when Gayle was a middle school science teacher and graduate student in Joanne's seminar on the study of teaching. Gayle was trying to make sense of her science students' indifference toward the environment, an attitude that concerned her as an environmentalist. She turned her inquiry into an action research project that sought to answer the question, ‘What are the assumptions that my middle school students have about their relationship with the environment?’ Joanne was mentoring Gayle in her action research study, and at the same time exploring Gayle's perspective as an action researcher. Now, several years later, we are both action researchers and teacher educators and understand that we have been looking through the eyes of our students in order to become scholars of our own teaching.
A new method for fast transforms in parity-mixed PDEs: Part I. Numerical techniques and analysis

We address the problem of parity mixing, where the projection of a variable expressed as a finite series of half-period cosine (sine) functions onto a half-period sine (cosine) function basis is not finite. We propose new fast methods for computing these complicated projections exactly up to some arbitrary degree using fast Fourier transforms. This method has immediate applications for pseudospectral solutions of many systems of partial differential equations.
Association of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype with depression in elderly persons after hip fracture.

Objective The authors examined the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) as a predictor of major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms after hip fracture, a common stressful medical event. Methods This was a prospective, observational study of 23 elderly rehabilitation-hospital patients during their inpatient stay. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D) and PRIME-MD. Subjects were also genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. Results Survival analysis showed that genotype significantly predicted time-to-major depressive episode. Subjects with an s allele (genotype s/l or s/s) had significantly higher Ham-D scores over 14 weeks of follow-up than those with the l/l genotype. Conclusions Depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder in elderly persons after a stressful medical event may be associated with 5-HTTLPR genotype. This finding requires confirmation in a larger sample.
QUINTILIAN'S "VIR BONUS" AND THE STOIC WISE MAN

Abstract Although scholars have acknowledged a Stoic influence on Quintilian, they have been reluctant to see Stoicism as providing the philosophical underpinnings of the Institutes. Against this scholarly hesitance, this essay argues that Stoic ideas are at the heart of Quintilian's educational program. Quintilian's ideal orator is the Stoic Wise Man with this difference: he is trained in Ciceronian eloquence. Furthermore, Quintilian's definition of oratory is based on the Stoic view of rhetoric as an essential science that enables the orator to meet the social responsibilities inherent in the Stoic ideal of the virtuous life.
Blends of Poly(amide-enaminonitrile) with Poly(ethylene oxide), Poly(4-vinylpyridine), and Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)

The miscibility behavior of a regularly alternating copoly(amide-enaminonitrile) with several commercial polymers (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP), and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP)) was studied by using FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analyses (DSC, TGA, and TMA). Blends of the copolymer with PNVP or P4VP (20−80 wt %) gave transparent films and single glass transition temperatures that changed smoothly with composition, and an enhancement in the thermal stability of the poly(amide-enaminonitrile) component of the blends was observed. With the semicrystalline PEO, miscible blends were obtained at ≤60 wt % PEO. In addition to melting endotherms of PEO crystallites that were observable for ≥40 wt % of PEO samples, the presence of higher temperature endotherms between 140 and 180 °C is consistent with phase separation of the miscible blends (lower critical solution temperatures, LCST). On the time scale of DSC studies, the phase separation of the PEO/copolymer blends is apparently ir...
Analysis and design of child resistant closures

In an attempt to show that the design of child resistant closures requires some fresh new thinking, this paper points out the magnitude of the problem involving injuries to children from ingestion and contact with harmful products. The Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 is discussed in some detail. The nature of children under five years of age is developed from both a physiological and psychological point of view. This leads to the writing of design criteria for future closure designs. Present closure devices are critically analyzed and a number of new directions in closure design are illustrated and discussed.
Studies on the reactive species in fluoride-mediated carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions: carbanion formation by desilylation with fluoride and enolates.

The reactive species in fluoride-mediated carbon−carbon bond-forming reactions was investigated. The regio- and diastereoselectivities of silanes reacting with cyclohexenone in the presence of a catalytic amount of fluoride was compared to the reactivity of analogous solvent-separated lithium ion pairs. Closely analogous behavior was observed, showing that carbanions and not siliconate complexes are the reactive species in the fluoride-catalyzed reactions. Spectroscopic investigations unambiguously show that phenylthiobenzyl anion will form by reaction of silane with tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate (TASF) or crypt[2.1.1]-solvated lithium enolates. The catalytic cycle runs smoothly with the crypt[2.1.1] complex of α-(phenylthio)benzyllithium as the initiator and enolate as the carrier of the desilylation reaction.
Can Blood Transfusion Be Not Only Ineffective, But Also Injurious?

Transfusion of blood components has been a cornerstone of hemodynamic management during the perioperative period. From the early twentieth century the development of blood banking techniques has been credited, despite little controlled data, with saving the lives of thousands of bleeding patients who would have otherwise most likely died. Since then, many types of asanguineous fluids have been added to the repertoire of clinicians in the operating rooms and wards, reducing the reliance on donated blood. Nonetheless, these simple fluids often fall short of providing a comprehensive replacement for numerous functions of blood beyond simple volume expansion. As a complex tissue with various cells and components, blood is tasked with carrying and supplying oxygen and nutrients to maintain acid-base and electrolyte balance, supporting macrocirculation and microcirculation with appropriate osmotic and viscosity characteristics, as well as providing coagulation and hemostasis. As such, blood has remained as the unrivalled and ultimate fluid of choice for hemodynamic management of bleeding patients. Unchallenged, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion has long been considered to be a safe and effective procedure for rapidly increasing patients’ hemoglobin level and to improve oxygen delivery and hemodynamic.
Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorders in the Pediatric Dermatology Practice

Childhood and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorders are sometimes seen in dermatology practice. When present, OCD is most frequently manifested in younger patients as trichotillomania, onychotillomania, onychophagia, and acne excoriee. In addition to these disorders, obsessive hand washing, AIDS phobia, and other psychosomatic dermatoses characterized by obsessive-compulsive tendencies are seen in all age groups. It is important to define the nature of any underlying psychiatric disorder before beginning drug treatment of these patients. With the availability of new medications, most notably, clomipramine and fluoxetine, there is reason for optimism regarding the treatment of OCD. Whenever feasible, the dermatologist should not hesitate to involve a psychiatrist to help with diagnosis and treatment when the diagnosis of OCD is being considered.
Simple model of forebrain ischemia in mouse

The availability of genetically engineered mice allows the unraveling of the role of specific proteins in mechanisms of ischemic brain injury. Due to the high variability of their vascular anatomy, mouse models of global cerebral ischemia are rather complex. In the present study, we describe a simple model of mouse forebrain ischemia where the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCO) is combined with isoflurane-induced hypotension. The forebrain ischemia was induced by BCCO that was preceded by increase of the isoflurane level from 1.5% to 5% in the respiratory gases. This caused a decrease of the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) to about 30mmHg and the cerebral blood flow dropped to 5% of the control after the BCCO. During the 10min ischemic period both MABP and CBF remained stable and the reperfusion was induced by reducing the isoflurane level to 0% followed by removal of the carotid clamps. Mice were allowed 1, 2, 3 or 5 days survival followed by histologic analysis. The number of CA1 uninjured neurons was assessed utilizing a stereological approach. Neurodegeneration was observed at 2 days after the onset of reperfusion. At 3 days of recovery, about 40% of neurons survived and the cell death did not further increase at 5 days. Degenerative neurons were also detected in the striatum and sporadically in the cortex. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the described model in mice that can be utilized to examine the effect of new neuroprotective compounds or use transgenic animals to test new hypothesis.
Management of Constipation in Patients with Cancer

In patients with cancer, constipation is a common complication. However, unlike in the general population, the impact of the symptoms of constipation on the quality of life in cancer patients is often greater. More importantly, in patients who are in the more advanced stages of the disease, constipation may also be suggestive of disease progression. Constipation as a symptom in this population is of significant importance as it may lead to life-threatening complications, i.e. bowel perforation due to fecal impaction. Therefore, in this regard, this problem deserves particular attention, as early recognition and management of complications may prevent further physical deterioration. This review aims to provide an overview of the management of constipation in patients with cancer. A symptom-based criteria definition for chronic constipation and prevalence of the problem in cancer patients provides a brief introduction. For the initial assessment and evaluation of constipation in cancer patients, an algorithm is described. The different possible etiologies of constipation in cancer patients are also discussed. Regarding therapeutic management, guidelines and recommendations for the use of different types of laxatives, stool softeners, suppositories and rectal enemas, prokinetic agents, antidepressant medications, and miscellaneous agents are succinctly discussed. Management of fecal impaction and opioid-induced bowel dysfunction are also described. Lastly, a brief overview of the management of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction and surgical or endoscopic options for large bowel obstruction are described.
Superposition of alloy hardening, strain hardening, and dynamic recovery

The principles and heuristics of flow stress superposition are illustrated for the case that one of the components is due to dislocation/dislocation interactions and is the only one that changes with strain. A simultaneous investigation of the flow stress and its rate sensitivity as a function of strain then allows one to confirm or refute postulated superposition laws and, in addition, to separate the effects of alloying or heat treatment on yield stress and on strain hardening. The slope of the observed stress strain curve depends on the form of the superposition law even if there is no physical influence of alloying on the dislocation storage rate; the frequently observed low initial strain hardening associated with a higher yield stress may in some cases be merely a consequence of a nonlinear superposition. At higher strains, the influence of alloying on dynamic recovery becomes the predominant effect; it also controls the high-temperature creep strength. When dynamic recovery plays an important role, it provides a further straining mechanism which, however, is not additive to the low-temperature strain rate; a form of the superposition law for long-range slip and this dynamic recovery strain is proposed. An application of these principles has demonstrated thatmore » dynamic strain aging is due to an effect of mobile solute atoms on the strain-hardening component of the flow stress, not on the friction stress.« less
Controllability of discrete composite systems

In earlier articles, criteria for controllability and observability of continuous composite systems and of state equations in the Jordan form have been proved. In this paper, controllability of discrete composite systems is considered and the criteria are found to be similar to those proved for continuous systems. However, the method of proof employed in this paper is different and is such that it can be applied directly to continuous systems as well. Dans des articles precedents, des criteres d'aptitude i? la commande et d'observabilite ont ete demontres pour des systemes complexes continus et pour des equations d'etat sous la forme de Jordan. Dans le present article, l'aptitude i? la commande de systemes complexes discrets est consideree et les criteres s'averent comme etant similaires i? ceux demontres pour les systemes continus. Toutefois, la methode de demonstration employee dans le present article est differente et telle qu'elle peut etre directement appliquee aux systemes continus egalement. In fruheren Abhandlungen wurden Kriterien fur die Steuerbarkeit und Beobachtbarkeit kontinuierlicher zusammengesetzter Systeme und von Zustands-gleichungen in der JORDANschen Form bewiesen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Steuerbarkeit diskreter zusammengesetzter Systeme betrachtet und gefunden, dais die Kriterien denen fur kontinuierliche Systeme ahnlich sind. Zwar ist die Beweismethode in dieser Arbeit verschieden, aber so geartet, dais sie ebenso gut direkt auf kontinuierliche Systeme angewendet werden kann. ? ?pe???y??? c?a???? ???? ?o?a?a?? ?p??ep?? y?pa???e?oc?? ? ?a????ae?oc?? ??? ?o???e?c??? ?e?pep????? c?c?e? ? ??? ypa??e??? coc?o???? ? ?op?e ?op?a?a. ? ?ac?o??e? c?a??e pacc?a?p??ae?c? y?pa?-??e?oc?? ?o???e?c??? ??c?pe???? c?c?e? ? ?p??ep?? o?a???a??c? c?o???? c ?o?a?a????? ??? ?e?pep????? c?c?e?. O??a?o, ?c?o???ye??? ?e?o? ?o?a?a?e??c??a o????e? ? ?a?o? ??o o? ?o?e? ???? ?e?ocpe?c??e??o ?p??e?e? ? ? ?e?pep????? c?c?e?a?.
An Empirically Based Method of Q-Matrix Validation for the DINA Model: Development and Applications

Most model fit analyses in cognitive diagnosis assume that a Q matrix is correct after it has been constructed, without verifying its appropriateness. Consequently, any model misfit attributable to the Q matrix cannot be addressed and remedied. To address this concern, this paper proposes an empirically based method of validating a Q matrix used in conjunction with the DINA model. The proposed method can be implemented with other considerations such as substantive information about the items, or expert knowledge about the domain, to produce a more integrative framework of Q-matrix validation. The paper presents the theoretical foundation for the proposed method, develops an algorithm for its practical implementation, and provides real and simulated data applications to examine its viability. Relevant issues regarding the implementation of the method are discussed.
Radiologic Professionalism in Modern Health Care

Modern radiology is at the forefront of technological progress in medicine, a position that often places unique challenges on its professional character. This article uses "Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physician Charter," a document published in 2002 and endorsed by several major radiology organizations, as a lens for exploring professional challenges in modern radiology. The three main tenets of the Charter emphasize patient welfare, patient autonomy, and the reduction of disparities in health care distribution. This article reviews the ways in which modern technology and financial structures potentially create stressors on professionalism in radiology, while highlighting the opportunities they provide for radiologists seeking to fulfill the professional goals articulated in the Charter. Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and voice recognition systems have transformed the speed of radiology and enhanced the ability of radiologists to improve patient care but also have brought new tensions to the workplace. Although teleradiology may improve global access to radiologists, it may also promote the commoditization of radiology, which diminishes the professional stature of radiologists. Social media and patient portals provide radiologists with new forums for interacting with the public and patients, potentially promoting patient welfare. However, patient privacy and autonomy are important considerations. Finally, modern financial structures provide radiologists with both entrepreneurial opportunities as well as the temptation for unprofessional conduct. Each of these advances carries the potential for professional growth while testing the professional stature of radiology. By considering the risks and benefits of emerging technologies in the modern radiology world, radiologists can chart an ethical and professional future path.
Climate Change and Soil Microbial Processes: Secondary Effects are Hypothesised from Better Known Interacting Primary Effects

Soil microorganisms are important processors of C and N in the biosphere, they are the dominant global sources of CH4 and N2O, and they are major sources of CO2 and NO. Increased allocation of C below ground, resulting from CO2 fertilisation, will profoundly affect microbial processes, as will increased soil temperatures and changes in soil moisture. Direct microbial responses to these changes are reasonably well known, but complex interactions, such as effects on N fixation, N mineralisation, denitrification, cation leaching, and ratios of trace gas emissions, are equally important, but are difficult to predict at present. Although the complexity of these interactions appears daunting, knowledge of primary effects can be used to develop testable hypotheses of important interactions that affect soil responses to change in climate, land use, and pollution.
Effective Automated Feature Construction and Selection for Classification of Biological Sequences

Background Many open problems in bioinformatics involve elucidating underlying functional signals in biological sequences. DNA sequences, in particular, are characterized by rich architectures in which functional signals are increasingly found to combine local and distal interactions at the nucleotide level. Problems of interest include detection of regulatory regions, splice sites, exons, hypersensitive sites, and more. These problems naturally lend themselves to formulation as classification problems in machine learning. When classification is based on features extracted from the sequences under investigation, success is critically dependent on the chosen set of features. Methodology We present an algorithmic framework (EFFECT) for automated detection of functional signals in biological sequences. We focus here on classification problems involving DNA sequences which state-of-the-art work in machine learning shows to be challenging and involve complex combinations of local and distal features. EFFECT uses a two-stage process to first construct a set of candidate sequence-based features and then select a most effective subset for the classification task at hand. Both stages make heavy use of evolutionary algorithms to efficiently guide the search towards informative features capable of discriminating between sequences that contain a particular functional signal and those that do not. Results To demonstrate its generality, EFFECT is applied to three separate problems of importance in DNA research: the recognition of hypersensitive sites, splice sites, and ALU sites. Comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms show that the framework is both general and powerful. In addition, a detailed analysis of the constructed features shows that they contain valuable biological information about DNA architecture, allowing biologists and other researchers to directly inspect the features and potentially use the insights obtained to assist wet-laboratory studies on retainment or modification of a specific signal. Code, documentation, and all data for the applications presented here are provided for the community at http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~ashehu/?q=OurTools.
Nutrition management of chronic diarrhea and malabsorption

Diet often is blamed for digestive symptoms, particularly diarrhea, and patients with diarrhea and malabsorption usually request guidance about what to eat. Food-induced symptoms are very common. Although many recommendations have been made for dietary management in diarrheal diseases, there is little supportive evidence for efficacy for any of them. Knowledge of gastrointestinal physiology and the physiologic effects of foods can be used to design a dietary program for individual patients. Coordination of diet with drug therapy is an important part of a comprehensive treatment plan for these patients.
Activation of the alternative complement pathway by extracts of cotton dust

Summary Extracts of cotton dust were tested for their ability to activate the alternative complement pathway in fresh normal human serum (NHS). Alternative pathway activation was determined by a haemolytic assay utilizing glutathione-sensitized human erythrocytes, consumption of alternative pathway components in terms of alternative pathway CH50 units and an immunoelectrophoretic assay to detect split products of activation of factor B. All assays were performed under conditions that have been shown to block the initial steps of classical pathway activation but permit activation of the alternative complement pathway. Results demonstrate that the cotton dust extracts could consume alternative complement pathway proteins in a dose-response manner. The complement activating factor is probably endotoxin since a cotton dust extract obtained by an extraction method for endotoxin yielded the greatest activity.
Doubly clamped single-walled carbon nanotube resonators operating in MHz frequencies

We report fabrication and experimental characterization of doubly clamped metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) resonators. Fabricated resonators are based on CVD grown metallic nanotubes clamped and contacted on both sides and suspended on top of a poly-Si actuation pad. We measured devices with 2 to 3 /spl mu/m length with resonance frequencies ranging from 11 to 69 MHz. The resonance is observed in atmospheric pressure when peak to peak actuation voltages are around 2 V. We also measured reduction in DC-conductance of suspended SWNTs by applying actuation voltage. The advantages of using poly-Si actuation pad are that devices could be modulated individually through patterned poly-Si pads with minimum parasitic capacitance from the pad to SWNT contacts (high frequency operation is possible) and compatibility of poly-Si with subsequent high temperature growth of SWNTs.
Retrospective chart review to assess the relationship between depression and sustained virological response from interferon treatment for hepatitis C virus.

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an infection that, if left untreated, may lead to liver complications and death. Current treatment requires peginterferon alfa (IFN) and ribavirin. Interferon can cause depression and irritability. The treatment goal is sustained virological response (SVR) and the impact of depression on SVR is currently inconclusive. Objective The objective of this study was to compare SVR in patients with and without comorbid depression between different viral genotypes to determine if depressive symptoms impact SVR. Methods In this retrospective chart review of HCV-treated patients, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale for depression score was recorded to identify patients with depression versus patients without depression. Depression status was compared between SVR and non-SVR groups, as measured at 24 weeks posttreatment completion. Fisher exact or X 2 tests were used to evaluate differences between patients achieving SVR and those that did not. Known predictors of poor response were controlled with possible covariates in a multivariable analysis. Results A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study; 74 completed treatment and were included in the analysis. Sixty-five percent (17/26) of patients with depression achieved SVR and 54% (26/48) of patients without depression had SVR. SVR was achieved in 58.1% (43/74) of patients, and genotypes 1, 4 or 6 comprised 58.1% (43/74) of patients. We found 64.9% (48/74) had no depression, 20.3% (15/74) had baseline depression prior to IFN treatment, and 14.8% (11/74) had IFN-treatment–associated depression. The majority of patients were men (59.5%), more than 35 years old (91.9%), and Hispanic (55.4%). When these factors were controlled for, there was no statistical significant relationship between depression and SVR ( P = 0.2784). Conclusion In these preliminary results, depression status did not impact SVR in this small, selected population of HCV-infected patients. A larger sample size is needed to achieve sufficient power in this population.
Dysprosium Oxide Ceramics

Ceramic compositions within the systems Dy2O3-A1203, Dy2O3-CeO2, Dy203-Nb205, Dy2O3-UO2, and Dy203 -Zr02 are described. Compound formation was observed in the dysprosia-alumina and dysprosianiobia systems whereas solid solutions were observed in the other three systems investigated. The properties that are reported include lattice parameters, density, shrinkage, thermal expansion, water-corrosion resistance, and compound melting points. Dysprosia was found to stabilize zirconia in amounts as low as 10 volume %.
Pathogenicity of C. albicans and C. tropicalis.

Most strains of C. tropicalis possess a considerable degree of virulence for mice. When compared as a group, the strains of C. tropicalis were not quite as virulent as were the strains of C. albicans studied, and showed very little or no pathogenicity for rabbits.In vivo multiplication rates showed that for both species most of the yeast cell or yeast cell aggregate proliferation occurred in kidney tissue. C. tropicalis differed in that there was an early yeast cell growth in the brains of infected mice, 2–4 days after injection, and with a subsequent decrease of viable yeast cells. Histologic sections of brain tissue confirmed the cultural observations.
Tethered Cord Syndrome in the Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecologic Patient

Abstract Study Objective To describe how pediatric and adolescent patients present to the gynecologist when they have tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Design We conducted a retrospective chart review on all patients suspected by the gynecologist of having TCS. Setting Single pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic in a mid-sized city in the midwest. Participants Thirty-two patients, first seen between 2005 and 2012, suspected of having TCS and for whom follow-up information was available. Interventions and Main Outcome Measures Patient characteristics, including patient history, gynecologic clinical indicators, clinical outcomes, indications for surgery, and postoperative resolution of symptoms, were reviewed. Results The initial review of systems indicated stress urinary incontinence, back pain, and constipation as common markers in the 32 patients who were suspected of having TCS. All 32 patients underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging without contrast and evaluation by neurosurgery. Of the 32 patients with suspected TCS, 18 were later confirmed and 14 were shown to not have TCS. Of the 18 patients with sufficient information to justify a detethering procedure, 14 patients were followed and 93% (13 patients) had complete resolution of symptoms. Final diagnosis in the non-TCS group varied, including vulvovaginitis, enuresis, chronic constipation, and lichen sclerosis. Symptoms improved with the treatment of each primary condition. Conclusions TCS symptoms overlap with gynecologic conditions; therefore, patients with TCS may present initially to the gynecologist. In pediatric/adolescent patients, TCS should be considered when stress urinary incontinence, back pain, and constipation are discovered in the review of systems. Because possible irreversible ischemic and neurologic changes are believed to be involved, early diagnosis and surgery are crucial for resolution. Providers should be aware of TCS in these pediatric and adolescent settings, because quick assessment may result in complete resolution of a chronic progressive disease.
The Garbage-Can Illusion as a Teaching Demonstration.

The height but not the width of a classroom garbage can was overestimated by 27 of 31 introductory psychology students. The average estimate was nearly 50% larger than the actual height of the garbage can. We argue that demonstrations that emphasize the ecological validity of laboratory conceptualizations of illusions can help to stimulate student interest in and understanding of perception.
WiLIS: Architectural modeling of wireless systems

The performance of a wireless system depends on the wireless channel as well as the algorithms used in the transceiver pipelines. Because physical phenomena affect transceiver pipelines in difficult to predict ways, detailed simulation of the entire transceiver system is needed to evaluate even a single processing block. Further, some protocol validations require simulation of rare events (say, 1 bit error in 109 bits), which means the protocol must simulate for a long enough time for such events to materialize. This requirement coupled with the heavy computation typical of most physical-layer processing, rules out pure software solutions. In this paper we describe WiLIS, an FPGA-based hybrid hardware-software system designed to facilitate the development of wireless protocols. We then use WiLIS to evaluate several microarchitectures for measuring very low bit-error rates (BER). We demonstrate, for the first time, that the recently proposed SoftPHY [16, 30] can be implemented efficiently in hardware.
Monitoring metabolic responses to chemotherapy in single cells and tumors using nanostructure- initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) imaging

Background Tissue imaging of treatment-induced metabolic changes is useful for optimizing cancer therapies, but commonly used methods require trade-offs between assay sensitivity and spatial resolution. Nanostructure-Initiator Mass Spectrometry imaging (NIMS) permits quantitative co-localization of drugs and treatment response biomarkers in cells and tissues with relatively high resolution. The present feasibility studies use NIMS to monitor phosphorylation of 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (FLT) to FLT-MP in lymphoma cells and solid tumors as an indicator of drug exposure and pharmacodynamic responses.
Hemodialysis complications of hydroxocobalamin: a case report

Hydroxocobalamin is a new antidote approved by the FDA for the treatment of cyanide poisoning. Our report describes a patient with cyanide poisoning who survived after treatment with hydroxocobalamin and complications we encountered with hemodialysis. A 34-year-old female presented to the emergency department after a syncopal event and seizures. Her systolic blood pressure was 75 mmHg, her QRS complex progressively widened, and pulses were lost. She was intubated and resuscitated with fluids, sodium bicarbonate for her QRS widening and vasopressors. Venous blood gas demonstrated a pH of 6.36 with an O2 saturation of 99%. Due to the acidemia with a normal pulse oximetry, simultaneous venous and arterial blood gases were obtained. Venous gas demonstrated a pH of 6.80 with a PO2 of 222 mmHg, an O2 saturation of 99%. The arterial blood gas showed a pH of 6.82, a PO2 518 mmHg, an O2 saturation of 100%. Cyanide was suspected and hydroxocobalamin and sodium thiosulfate were given. Within 40 min of hydroxocobalamin administration, vasopressors were discontinued. Initially, nephrology attempted dialysis for metabolic acidosis; however, the dialysis machine repeatedly shut down due to a “blood leak”. This was an unforeseen effect attributed to hydroxocobalamin. Cyanide level, drawn 20 min after the antidote was completed, was elevated at 22 mcg/dL. Her urinary thiocyanate level could not be analyzed due to an “interfering substance”. Hydroxocobalamin is an effective antidote. However, clinicians must be aware of its effects on hemodialysis machines which could delay the initiation of this important treatment modality in the severely acidemic patient.
The cognitive structure of social categories

Support for the prototype theory of categorization was found in a study of the structure of social categories. Though occupational terms such as DOCTOR are socially defined, they do not have the classical structure their clear definitional origins would predict. Conceptions of social categories are richer and more complex than those of physical object categories and subjects agree upon them. Comparison of various instructions for eliciting attributes of categories showed that whether subjects are asked to define a term, give characteristics, or describe ways they recognize members of categories, the attributes they list contribute to a prototype structure. These data provide evidence against the view that prototype structure is relevant only to an identification procedure and not to the core of concepts, as has been suggested.
More Inequality: An Exploration of Potential Impacts of EFT on Stratification in American Society

New technologies such as EFT systems and related computer-communications systems are commonly thought of simply as more efficient (faster and/or cheaper) means of accomplishing existing tasks. However, to use some analogies, the automobile was not simply a more efficient horse; the space shuttle is not simply a faster blimp. Rather, these represent potentially ‘‘revolutionary” technologies which will probably lead individuals to doing new kinds of things: taking trips they would never have made with old technologies (such as a daily 50–100 mile commutation, not to mention trips to the Moon or Mars), or engaging in communications for purposes which simply would not have occurred with previous technologies.
Self-powered biomolecular keypad lock security system based on a biofuel cell

The enzyme-based keypad lock was integrated with a biofuel cell yielding a self-powered biomolecular information security system. The correct “password” introduced into the keypad lock resulted in the activation of the biofuel cell, while all other “wrong” permutations of the enzyme inputs preserved the “OFF” state of the biofuel cell.
THE MEMBRANE AND THE DIAPHRAGM

AbstractThis paper considers two among the several points of intersection in the work of Roberto Esposito and Jacques Derrida. First, and most obviously: in the context of conceptualizing community, and more broadly, Esposito and Derrida have elaborated concepts of immunity and auto-immunity to refer to auto-destructive modes of defense which profoundly threaten what – seemingly – ought to have been safeguarded through their mechanism. The second point of proximity is the use both make of figures of maternity and birth in these conceptualizations. This comparison not only illuminates the differing philosophical commitments of Derrida and Esposito but also offers a means of challenging the fate of sexual difference in the work of Esposito.
Trauma Exposure and Risk of Suicidal Ideation Among Older Adults.

Objective To determine if trauma exposure is associated with suicidal ideation in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Methods This study included 3,277 participants 55 years and older involved in the Collaborate Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (2001–2003). Results Of the 84.8% of older adults who were exposed to any trauma, 2.2% endorsed late-life suicidal ideation. Multivariable models fully adjusted for sociodemographics, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and substance use revealed exposure to serious accidents/illness was associated with suicidal ideation (odds ratio: 2.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.16–5.59; Wald χ 2 = 5.47, df = 1, p = 0.019). Investigation of specific traumas within the category revealed that life-threatening illness was specifically associated with suicidal ideation in older adults (odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.34–3.36; Wald χ 2 = 10.33, df = 1, p = 0.001). Conclusion These findings highlight the need for monitoring of suicidal ideation among older adults who have been informed of a life-threatening illness diagnosis.
Congruence between Poetry and Music in Schumann's Dichterliebe

Abstract Poetry and music have in common various ways of structuring sound. In both, one can speak of rhythm, meter, loudness (e.g., accent), and pitch. Beyond sound in the narrow sense, one can also speak of syntax in that both language and Western tonal music create expectations that are satisfied or not in a variety of ways. These material aspects of poetry and music can be the basis for exploring how poetry and music fit together in vocal music in general and in individual works. The study of poetry in these terms came to prominence in the work of Roman Jakobson and others beginning in 1960 and has more recently been taken up by Marjorie Perloff and colleagues. The study of music with words has in general not considered the materiality that they share, especially not in the analysis of individual works. Writers on music have generally placed emphasis on expression of the semantic content of texts instead, privileging texts that can be read in relation to Romantic lyric theory. This has led to the search for word painting of one kind or another that has shaped the understanding of whole periods in the history of music and that is very much with us still, though this semantic domain cannot ultimately be separated from the material aspect of language. This article analyzes Songs 1, 2, 4, and 6 of Schumann9s Dichterliebe in terms of this materiality with a view to showing how closely congruent poetry and music can be in their own terms in individual works without dwelling first on what they might be thought to express. This is to speak not at first about meaning but rather about the means by which meaning is created. Analysis of this kind in no way precludes hermeneutics. It is but one starting point and one that bears directly on the act of listening and perhaps performance.
New Records, Taxa, And Notes on High Altitude, West American Rust Fungi

During the summers of 1963, 1964, and 1965, I collected rust fungi from Alpine Tundra of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and Montana. In identifying the collections, I compared them with related collections in the Arthur Herbarium, Purdue University. This paper presents new state, host or otherwise unusual records, two new taxa, four reductions to synonymy, and one new combination. The collection numbers following collections cited are those of Hennen, unless otherwise indicated. Nomenclature of most of the taxa follows Cummins and Stevenson (3) where original citations to original de? scriptions are given. Citations for taxa not found there are in this paper.
Arithmetic invariant theory II: Pure inner forms and obstructions to the existence of orbits

Let k be a field, let G be a reductive group, and let V be a linear representation of G. Let \(V/\!/G =\mathop{ \mathrm{Spec}}\nolimits ({\mathrm{Sym}}^{{\ast}}(V ^{{\ast}}))^{G}\) denote the geometric quotient and let \(\pi: V \rightarrow V/\!/G\) denote the quotient map. Arithmetic invariant theory studies the map π on the level of k-rational points. In this article, which is a continuation of the results of our earlier paper “Arithmetic invariant theory”, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a rational element of \(V/\!\!/G\) to lie in the image of π, assuming that generic stabilizers are abelian. We illustrate the various scenarios that can occur with some recent examples of arithmetic interest.
Reactivity and reusability of immobilized zinc oxide nanoparticles in fibers on methyl parathion decontamination

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were used as the photocatalyst to develop self-decontaminating fibers for potential use as chemical protective materials. Since ZnO is an effective photocatalyst for degradation of organophosphate, it was incorporated in electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion, an organophosphate, upon exposure to ZnO-PAN fibers was evaluated and found to be effective for reuse for up to five exposure cycles. High performance liquid chromatography, UV-vis spectroscopy, calculations of octanol–water partition coefficients, and 31P NMR spectroscopy were used to determine that hydrolysis is the probably mechanism for photocatalytic degradation.
Leipzig, the middle years

THE COLLEGIUM MUSICUM AND CHAMBER REPERTORIES How soon after taking on increased duties with the Collegium in March 1729 Bach worked on his concertos and other music for mixed ensembles, and then performed them in the Collegium concerts, is not clear. One imagines very soon: he certainly made copies about then of suitable pieces from elsewhere, such as full-length instrumental ouvertures (suites) by Johann Bernhard Bach of Eisenach, successor to the admired Christoph (†1703). Just as unclear is whether there is any direct link between Collegium activities and an apparent falling-off in church cantatas. Composing up-to-date music for outside the church need not have dampened creativity within it: organ music (church music of a kind) was still being worked on, and to a surprising extent the different genres remain independent of each other, both in musical style and in the attention given them. Whatever the Collegium commitment, particularly while Bach was director in 1729–37 and again on and off from 1739, it must have been pressing, very willingly undertaken, no doubt, since by now the cantata repertory was rich enough to satisfy any church's requirement. The Collegium met regularly each week, more often during the Spring and Autumn fairs, and the programmes gave all the opportunity that was desired to try over or repeat the various secular cantatas, especially those with big forces like BWV 205.