cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inside-out Ultraviolet-C Sterilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm In Vitro.

Biofilms are difficult to eradicate due to a protective architecture and create major challenges in patient care by diminishing both host immune response and therapeutic approaches. This study investigated a new strategy for treating surface-attached biofilms by delivering germicidal UV through a material surface in a process referred to as “inside-out sterilization” (IOS). Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853™) biofilms were irradiated with up to 1400 mJ cm−2 of germicidal UV from both ambient and IOS configurations. The lethal dose for the ambient exposure group was 461 mJ cm−2 95% CI [292, 728] compared to the IOS treatment group of 247 mJ cm−2 95% CI [187, 325], corresponding to 47% less UV dosage for the IOS group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that with IOS, a lower quantal dosage of UV energy is required to eradicate biofilm than with ambient exposure by leveraging the organizational structure of the biofilm.
Why Do Similar Patterns of Tropical Convection Yield Extratropical Circulation Anomalies of Opposite Sign

AbstractTropical precipitation anomalies associated with El Nino and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) phase 1 (La Nina and MJO phase 5) are characterized by a tripole, with positive (negative) centers over the Indian Ocean and central Pacific and a negative (positive) center over the warm pool region. However, their midlatitude circulation responses over the North Pacific and North America tend to be of opposite sign. To investigate these differences in the extratropical response to tropical convection, the dynamical core of a climate model is used, with boreal winter climatology as the initial flow. The model is run using the full heating field for the above four cases, and with heating restricted to each of seven small domains located near or over the equator, to investigate which convective anomalies may be responsible for the different extratropical responses. An analogous observational study is also performed. For both studies, it is found that, despite having a similar tropical convective anomaly spa...
Genetics of Ustilago violacea - XXI. Centromere-linkage values and pericentric gene clustering

Limited enrichment medium using seven different complex media and screening only small to very small sporidial colonies for auxotrophic mutants was more efficient and less tedious than replica-plating in obtaining a large collection of mutants with different phenotypes. Centromere-linkage values (CLVs) of 48 auxotrophic mutations were obtained by half-tetrad analysis and ranged from 0.5 cM to 31.3 cM and approximately 70% of the CLVs were within 10 cM of the centromere. Inocula of mutants with the same phenotype were either pathogenic or nonpathogenic depending on the availability of compounds in host-tissue required by the auxotrophic hyphae. Colonial morphology mutants included strains that gave diploid or aneuploid sporidia from teliospore colonies, indicating a relationship between the morphology mutation and meiotic nondisjunction.
The Utility of Routine Postoperative Radiographs After Pinning of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency with which postoperative radiographs resulted in a change in management following closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. We hypothesize that only the initial postoperative radiograph will lead to changes in management of operative supracondylar humerus fractures. Methods: A retrospective review was performed at 2 level I pediatric trauma centers. Inclusion criteria were patients below 18 years of age who sustained supracondylar humerus fractures (Gartland type II, III, IV) who were operatively treated from 2008 to 2013 with adequate radiographic follow-up. Patients with flexion type, intra-articular, transphyseal, and open fractures were excluded from the study. Routine radiographs were taken at initial follow-up (1 wk postoperatively) and at pin removal (3 to 4 wk postoperatively). Results: The final analysis included 572 patients. Initial postoperative radiographs changed treatment in 9 patients (1.6%), including revision surgeries, 2 pin adjustments, and 2 early pin removals. At the time of pin removal, 20 (3.5%) patients required further immobilization. There were no changes to the initial plan for continued nonoperative treatment at final follow-up (6 to 8 wk postoperatively). Conclusions: In this large retrospective series of patients treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of displaced supracondylar humerus fractures, radiographs at 3 weeks do not reveal a need to return to the operating room or other significant pathology. These findings suggest that radiographs should be obtained within 7 to 10 days postoperatively for type III fractures and may only need to be repeated if the clinical situation warrants it, such as severe fracture pattern, persistent pain, or clinical deformity. Level of Evidence: Level IV—case series.
The 2025 Big "G" Geriatrician: Defining Job Roles to Guide Fellowship Training.

Changes in health care that are already in progress, including value- and population-based care, use of new technologies for care, big data and machine learning, and the patient as consumer and decision maker, will determine the job description for geriatricians practicing in 2025. Informed by these future certainties, 115 geriatrics educators attending the 2016 Donald W. Reynolds Foundation Annual meeting identified five 2025 geriatrician job roles: complexivist; consultant; health system leader and innovator; functional preventionist; and educator for big “G” and little “g” providers. By identifying these job roles, geriatrics fellowship training can be preemptively redesigned.
Improved modeling of photon observables with the event-by-event fission model freya

The event-by-event fission model $\mathtt{FREYA}$ has been improved, in particular to address deficiencies in the calculation of photon observables. We discuss the improvements that have been made and introduce several new variables, some detector dependent, that affect the photon observables. We show the sensitivity of $\mathtt{FREYA}$ to these variables. We then compare the results to the available photon data from spontaneous and thermal neutron-induced fission.
The changing federal grant structure and its potential effects on state and local community development efforts

Changing political landscape often renews the call for dramatic changes to federal community and economic development grant-in-aid programs. The most dramatic proposal in recent years was President Bush’s 2006 call to consolidate federal assistance programs for communities into a new block grant known as the Strengthening America’s Communities Initiative (SACI). This conceptual study reviews key characteristics of intergovernmental transfers including grant types, features, changes in the intergovernmental fiscal environment, the fungibility/flypaper debate, and the symmetry/asymmetry response of governments to declining intergovernmental revenue. The effects of intergovernmental transfers on state and local governments are connected to differences in grant design features. Potential fallout from proposed or similar changes to grant structure is discussed using the SACI proposal as an example.
Stories of engagement: Pre-service language teachers negotiate intercultural citizenship in a community-based English language program:

The position statement on global competence by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) emphasizes the need for increased participation ‘in multilingual communities at home...
From Dearth to El Dorado: Andean Nature, Plate Tectonics, and the Ontologies of Ecuadorian Resource Wealth

Since the early 1990s, the Ecuadorian government has pledged to convert the nation into a “mining country” of global standing. Contemporary claims of mineral wealth, however, stand in stark contrast to previous assessments. Indeed, through much of the 20 th century, geologists described Ecuador as a country of mineral dearth. Exploring the process through which Ecuador seemingly transitioned from a nation of resource scarcity to one of mineral plenty, I demonstrate how assessments of Ecuador’s resource potential relate to ideas of Andean nature. Promoters of resource abundance have emphasized Andean uniformity and equivalence—the notion that Ecuador’s mineral wealth is inevitable by virtue of the resource richness of its Andean neighbors. Geologists who have questioned Ecuador’s mineral content, on the other hand, have emphasized Andean heterogeneity. In the recent promotion of Ecuador’s resource potential, notions of Andean uniformity have been bolstered by models of subsoil copper that emerged in the in 1970s in the context of plate-tectonic theory. In highlighting the linkage between ideas of Andean nature and appraisals of Ecuadorian resource potential since the late 19 th century, I outline the dialectics between nature and natural resources that underpin processes of resource becoming.
Pediatric Ventilator Management in the Emergency Department

Pediatric mechanical ventilation is first initiated by emergency physicians when performing active airway management in a critically ill or injured child. When initiating and adjusting mechanical ventilation, the child has unique anatomy and physiology to consider. The EP is the first to respond to ventilator alarm triggers, and the initial medical provider to resuscitate the ventilated pediatric patient who is deteriorating while in the emergency department. This article uses cases to provide a framework to initiate and troubleshoot mechanical ventilation of pediatric patients in the emergency department.
The Efficiency of using Irrigation Water Supply in Wheat Crop Cultivation in The New Valley Governorate

The New Valley Governorate is one of the largest governorates in Egypt with an area of about 4400 km2, equivalent to 44% of the total area of the Arab Republic of Egypt and 66% of the Western Sahara. The groundwater is the only available water resource for all purposes (drinking, industry, agriculture). The agricultural sector is considered to be the most important productive sector in the economic structure of the governorate. Due to the importance of the wheat crop as a strategic crop used in human food, it is considered a source of animal nutrition. It is one of the most important field crops cultivated in the governorate. The area is about 158.8 thousand feddans in the 2015/2016 season. Of the total area cultivated with winter field crops. The problem of research was that although the New Valley Governorate is characterized by the availability of arable land of about 3.3 million feddans, of which about 158.8 thousand feddans are actually cultivated, In addition to the use of traditional irrigation methods and the consequent depletion of this resource. In addition, the main factor in agricultural exploitation was the water and not the land, which led to a decrease in the quantity of irrigated crops for arable crops. The research aimed at shedding light on the economics of wheat production in the New Valley governorate as one of the most important for field crops and maintain that using deep groundwater and surface using modern and traditional irrigation methods, and by studying the effect of different groundwater source and method of irrigation on the efficiency of the use of indicators alone water for the cultivation of this crop. The results of the research showed that the quantity of the main output of the wheat crop reached a maximum of 16.77 ardab. Irrigation in surface wells (spraying) while the irrigation system in the two wells together(irrigation by flooding) reached 12.15 ardab. The secondary yield of the wheat crop was the lowest in the Irrigation in surface wells (spraying irrigation) 9.88 load, while the surface irrigation system (Irrigation by flooding) was about 5.65 load. As a result, there were statistically significant differences in irrigation water unit productivity, net revenue from water unit, irrigation unit cost, To produce the output unit, the ratio of irrigation costs to total costs, where a Wheat cultivation using surface wells (spraying irrigation) came first in terms of productivity of the water unit, while wheat cultivation using deep wells (irrigation by flooding) came in first place in terms of net revenue from the water unit, and wheat cultivation using the two wells together (Irrigation by flooding) was ranked first in terms of the cost of irrigating the production unit. In terms of quantity of water needed to produce the output unit, wheat cultivation using both wells (irrigation by flooding) came first, while wheat cultivation using both wells the first place in terms of proportion of the cost in irrigation for total costs.
Effects of increasing crude protein level on nitrogen retention and intestinal supply of amino acids in lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw.

The effects of increasing dietary CP level on N retention (Exp. 1) and intestinal supply of amino acids (AA; Exp. 2) were studied in lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHPWS). Soybean meal (SBM) was substituted for corn to increase CP level in both experiments. In Exp. 1, an incomplete design for the two-way elimination of error was used to allot 24 ram lambs (mean BW = 25 kg) within breed to six CP levels (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16% of DM). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility and N retention increased quadratically (P = .06 and P less than .01, respectively) with increasing CP level. Nitrogen retention, expressed as a percentage of N intake, was greatest for lambs fed 12% CP (20.7%) but was greatest for lambs fed 14% CP when expressed as grams per day (4.0 g/d). In Exp. 2, five multicannulated St. Croix lambs (34 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Treatments were 8.5, 11, 13.5, 16, and 18.5% dietary CP. Chromic oxide was used as a digesta flow marker and purines were used as a bacterial marker. Protein level had no effect on extent of dietary CP degradation in the rumen (69 +/- 3.2%). True ruminal OM digestibility increased (P less than .01) linearly and ruminal fluid NH3 N concentration increased (P less than .01) quadratically with increasing CP level. Total, bacterial, and nonbacterial N and AA flows to the duodenum increased (P less than .05) linearly with increasing CP level. Duodenal AA profile (g/100 g total AA) was altered slightly. The essential AA valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, and arginine increased (P less than .05) and methionine decreased (P less than .05) in proportion to other AA with increasing CP level. Flows of all essential AA increased with increasing CP level. Apparent small intestinal N and AA disappearance increased linearly (P less than .05) and apparent total tract N digestibility increased (P less than .01) quadratically with increasing CP level. These data are interpreted to indicate that maximal N retention and fiber digestibility in diets based on AHPWS are obtained at 12% CP, even though the intestinal supply of AA continues to increase with increasing CP level. Supplementation of diets based on AHPWS with an extensively degraded protein source (SBM) does not substantially alter the profile of AA entering the duodenum compared to the AA profile of bacterial protein.
Psychosocial and Demographic Factors in Pain

Pain is a multifactorial construct, and the experience of pain is subjective. To understand and treat pain is of great societal importance, not only from the standpoint of discomfort and cost to each individual patient but also from a societal perspective with lost worker productivity. In this article, two specific aspects of pain will be discussed: (1) the psychosocial and demographic factors involved in the experience and (2) disparities in management based on demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Comprehensibility and readability of patient self-administered opioid assessment screening tools.

Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the cognitive complexity and reading demands of patient self-administered Opioid Assessment Screening Tools (OASTs) for use in adults with nonmalignant pain. Methods: Using comprehensive search strategies, we identified english-language OASTs with established validity and reliability for inclusion in our study. Cognitive complexity of individual OAST statements or questions were assessed using three techniques (number of items, number of words, and linguistic problems), whereas readability was measured using the Flesch- Kinkaid formula. Results: Four (n = 4) were identified and included in our review: Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM), Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ), Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patient with Pain, and Screening Tool for Addiction Risk (STAR). Number of total OAST statements or questions ranged from a low of 14 (STAR) to a high of 26 (PMQ), whereas number of words (length) per statement or question averaged from a low of 10.2 ± 1.1 (STAR) to a high of 15.9 ± 3.8 (PMQ). The STAR (1.3 ± 1.1) had the fewest number of linguistic problems per statement or question, whereas the PMQ (3.0 ± 1.4) had the most linguistic problems per statement or question. Although, readability of OASTs ranged from approximately sixth (STAR) to eighth (COMM, PMQ) grade, there was notable variation in readability across individual statements or questions. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that formatting characteristics, including linguistic problems, and high readability of several OAST statements or questions may hinder many patients’ ability to accurately complete and comprehend OASTs independently.
Social Science in School Finance Court Cases: Potential and Actual Use

Most states have experienced litigation concerning the constitutionality of their school finance systems. I examine the potential role of social science in affecting the outcomes of these cases. The text of the decisions of recent cases is examined to see whether, and if so to what extent, social science appears to influence the courts. While the potential use of social science is large, its actual use is idiosyncratic. Where its use is apparent, however, it is difficult to confidently conclude that it affected the court's decision. Other factors could have been determinative and social science might have been used only to buttress the court's decision.
Taste: Vertebrate Taste Bud Physiology

Taste buds are the peripheral sensory organs for gustation, the chemical sense that guides humans and nonhuman animals to determine the nutritive and hedonic values of ingested foods and to avoid consumption of potentially harmful substances. Taste buds consist of collections of taste cells that respond to sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami tastes and transmit this information to higher centers in the brain. Recent research has uncovered many of the molecular mechanisms underlying the initial events of taste transduction and show that some degree of information processing takes place in taste buds.
Trion Model of Cortical Organization: Toward a Theory of Information Processing and Memory

In the spirit of Mountcastle’s [1] organizational principle for neocortical function, and strongly motivated by Fisher’s [2] model of physical spin systems, we have introduced [3] a new cooperative mathematical model of the cortical column. Our model incorporates an idealized substructure, the trion, which represents a localized group of neurons. The trion model allows for a completely new framework for information processing and associative memory storage and recall: Small networks of trions with highly symmetric interactions are found to yield hundreds to thousands of quasi-stable, periodic firing patterns, MP’s, which can evolve from one to another (see Fig. 1). Experience or learning would then modify the interactions (away from the symmetric values) and select out the desired MP’s (as in the selection principle of Edelman [4]). Remarkably, we have found that relatively small modifications in trion interaction strengths (away from the symmetric values) via a Hebb-type algorithm [5] will enhance and select out any desired MP. Conceptually this suggests a radically different approach from those information processing models which start at the opposite extreme of a randomly connected neural network with no periodic firing patterns, and then (via Hebb-type modifications [5] in the synaptic interactions) reinforce specific firing patterns. More recently [6], in studying the associative recall properties of the networks we find that, on the average, any of the initial firing configurations rapidly (in 2 to 4 time steps) projects onto an MP.
Understanding a non-causality crisis response: Examining the Florida Panthers response to Hurricane Irma

Abstract Much of the crisis response literature focuses on an organization deemed to be responsible for the occurrence of the crisis. For a crisis without a singular organization causality, such as a natural disaster, any organization can proactively initiate actions to address the situation. This article contributes to the understanding of a non-causality crisis response by identifying the capabilities that an organization needs to effectively assist with the response. An organization must possess the requisite resources, have developed key stakeholder relationships, and be driven by its own values and sense of responsibility. A sports team is well-positioned to assist with a non-causality crisis response. A sports team creates a feeling of community identity, has a vast array of resources, and has many critical stakeholder relationships. This article examines the NHL’s Florida Panthers relief efforts in response to Hurricane Irma, a storm that created a complex community crisis with residents in need of essential supplies and assistance.
A deep learning approach to high space-bandwidth product phase microscopy with coded illumination (Conference Presentation)

We investigate quantitative phase imaging techniques based on oblique illumination including differential phase contrast microscopy (DPC) and Fourier Ptychography Microscopy (FPM). DPC uses partially coherent, asymmetric illumination to achieve 2X resolution improvement but has small field of view (FOV). FPM achieves both wide FOV and high resolution but requires a large number of measurements. Achieving high space-bandwidth product (SBP) imaging in real-time remains challenging. Our goal is to develop a data-driven approach to enable highly multiplexed illumination to substantially improve the acquisition speed for high-SBP quantitative phase imaging. To do so, we abandon the traditional sampling strategy and phase retrieval algorithms. Instead we design a convolutional neural network (CNN) that uses only 4 brightfield and 3 darkfield images under asymmetrically coded illuminations as input and predicts high-SBP phase images. Particularly, instead of restoring a deterministic image, our CNN predicts pixel-wise probability distributions (Laplace) that is characterized by the location and scale. The predicted location map corresponds to the desired high-resolution phase image; in addition, the scale map provides per-pixel confidence of the prediction. Additionally, we show the potential of transfer learning that with minor extra training, the CNN can be optimized for different cell types. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust against experimental imperfections, e.g. aberrations, misalignment, and reconstructs high-SBP phase images with significantly reduced acquisition and processing times.
Spy versus I: Can employees trust and share knowledge under conditions of high security?

Organizations’ use of security is both widespread and often overwhelmingly comprehensive. Many employees work in firms where they are required to encounter or use a wide range of security measures ...
Nationwide analysis of unplanned 30-day readmissions after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

BACKGROUND Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has evolved into a safe procedure with shorter hospitalizations, yet unplanned readmissions remain a quality measure for which there is a paucity of data. We sought to examine rates, timing, etiologic factors, and costs surrounding readmission after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. METHODS The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) was queried for patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary between January 2013 and November 2013. Patient, procedure, admission, and hospital-level characteristics were compared for patients with and without unplanned 30-day readmission. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify readmission predictors. A total of 8546 patients were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS A total of 8546 patients with a median age of 54 years and female predominance were identified, with 742 patients experiencing at least 1 unplanned readmission within 30 days of index admission. Hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and obesity were common comorbidities among readmitted patients. Readmission was most frequently because of nervous system complications, followed by neurohypophyseal or electrolyte disorders, cerebrospinal fluid leak, hemorrhage, and meningitis. Median length and cost of stay of index admission was greater in the readmission group (p < 0.001). Fluid and electrolyte disorders as well as neurologic disease (most commonly epilepsy or convulsions) present on initial admission were predictive of length of initial stay and readmission (p < 0.001). Median readmission cost was $7723 and was expected to occur within 7 days. CONCLUSION Approximately 8.7% of patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery experience an unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge. Risk factors identified should be considered to reduce preventable readmissions and identify medically complex patients.
Protocol for Community-created Public MS/MS Reference Library Within the GNPS Infrastructure

Abstract Rationale A major hurdle in identifying chemicals in mass spectrometry experiments is the availability of MS/MS reference spectra in public databases. Currently, scientists purchase databases or use public databases such as GNPS. The MSMS-Chooser workflow empowers the creation of MS/MS reference spectra directly in the GNPS infrastructure. Methods An MSMS-Chooser sample template was completed with the required information and sequence tables were generated programmatically. Standards in methanol-water (1:1) solution (1 μM) were placed into wells individually. An LC-MS/MS system using data-dependent acquisition in positive and negative modes was used. Species that may be generated under typical ESI conditions are chosen. The MS/MS spectra and MSMS-Chooser sample template were subsequently uploaded to MSMS-Chooser in GNPS for automatic MS/MS spectral annotation. Results Data acquisition quickly and effectively collected MS/MS spectra. MSMS-Chooser was able to accurately annotate 99.2% of the manually validated MS/MS scans that were generated from the chemical standards. The output of MSMS-Chooser includes a table ready for inclusion in the GNPS library (after inspection) as well as the ability to directly launch searches via MASST. Altogether, the data acquisition, processing, and upload to GNPS took ~2 hours for our proof-of-concept results. Conclusions The MSMS-Chooser workflow enables the rapid data acquisition, analysis, and annotation of chemical standards, and uploads the MS/MS spectra to community-driven GNPS. MSMS-Chooser democratizes the creation of MS/MS reference spectra in GNPS which will improve annotation and strengthen the tools which use the annotation information.
Study of effective and ineffective teachers of the trainable mentally retarded.

This study investigated the attitudes, characteristics, and personalities of 70 teachers of the trainable mentally retarded. The use of multiple regression analysis allowed the investigation to evaluate the unique contribution of 42 teacher variables to the criterion variable, teacher effectiveness.
Age-Dependent Association of Occult Hypoperfusion and Outcomes in Trauma.

Background Occult hypoperfusion (OH), or global hypoperfusion with normal vital signs, is a risk factor for poor outcomes in elderly trauma patients. We hypothesized that OH is associated with worse outcomes than shock in both young and elderly trauma patients. Methods We conducted a single-center cohort study of adult (16 years or older) trauma patients from 2016 to 2018 with base excess measured on arrival. Perfusion states were defined as shock if heart rate was >120 beats/min or systolic blood pressure was 90 mmHg; and normal for all others. Patients were stratified as young (younger than 55 years) or elderly (55 years or older). Bayesian regression was used to assess the relationship between arrival perfusion state and mortality or serious complication. Results Of 3,126 included patients, 808 were elderly. Rates of shock (33% and 31%) and OH (25% and 23%) were similar in young and elderly patients, respectively. OH on arrival was associated with higher odds of mortality or serious complication than normal perfusion, regardless of age group. Compared with shock, OH was associated with an odds ratio of 1.21 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.52, posterior probability 96%) for poor outcomes in elderly patients and an odds ratio of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.65, posterior probability Conclusions In elderly but not younger patients, OH is associated with worse outcomes than shock. Although shock parameters might need to be redefined in elderly patients, more attention is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of all hypoperfused states in this age group.
SPHYNX: Spectral Partitioning for HYbrid aNd aXelerator-enabled systems

Graph partitioning has been an important tool to partition the work among several processors to minimize the communication cost and balance the workload. While accelerator-based supercomputers are emerging to be the standard, the use of graph partitioning becomes even more important as applications are rapidly moving to these architectures. However, there is no scalable, distributed-memory, multi-GPU graph partitioner available for applications. We developed a spectral graph partitioner, Sphynx, using the portable, accelerator-friendly stack of the Trilinos framework. We use Sphnyx to systematically evaluate the various algorithmic choices in spectral partitioning with a focus on GPU performance. We perform those evaluations on irregular graphs, because state-of-the-art partitioners have the most difficulty on them. We demonstrate that Sphynx is up to 17× faster on GPUs compared to the case on CPUs, and up to 580× faster compared to a state-of-the-art multilevel partitioner. Sphynx provides a robust alternative for applications looking for a GPU-based partitioner.
Highly sensitive spatial transcriptomics at near-cellular resolution with Slide-seqV2.

Measurement of the location of molecules in tissues is essential for understanding tissue formation and function. Previously, we developed Slide-seq, a technology that enables transcriptome-wide detection of RNAs with a spatial resolution of 10 μm. Here we report Slide-seqV2, which combines improvements in library generation, bead synthesis and array indexing to reach an RNA capture efficiency ~50% that of single-cell RNA-seq data (~10-fold greater than Slide-seq), approaching the detection efficiency of droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq techniques. First, we leverage the detection efficiency of Slide-seqV2 to identify dendritically localized mRNAs in neurons of the mouse hippocampus. Second, we integrate the spatial information of Slide-seqV2 data with single-cell trajectory analysis tools to characterize the spatiotemporal development of the mouse neocortex, identifying underlying genetic programs that were poorly sampled with Slide-seq. The combination of near-cellular resolution and high transcript detection efficiency makes Slide-seqV2 useful across many experimental contexts. An improved method for spatial transcriptomics with detection efficiency approaching that of droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq techniques.
Hypnosis as a Supplemental Treatment for and a Prevention of Muscle Tension Dysphonia

Diagnosable only through a healthcare professional, Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) is a compensatory muscle hyperfunction of the laryngeal mechanism. A significant cause of this singing voice disor...
Peripheral immune correlates of childhood and adolescent peer relationships: A systematic review.

The objective of this review was to comprehensively evaluate the literature investigating associations between peripheral immune correlates and youth peer relationship dimensions. We aimed to identify potential aspects of peer relationships in childhood and adolescence that may be associated with immune profiles and to identify gaps in the field to provide suggestions for future research in this area. We conducted a systematic electronic search in health-related databases from the earliest records to December 2020. Search terms included domains related to youth, immune correlates, and peers. We summarized studies by the time between the peer measurement and the immune outcome. In the 17 included studies, associations between peer dimensions and immune outcomes varied substantially. Peer victimization in youth demonstrated the most consistent negative associations with immune health across development, including within 1 week of measurement, 1-3 years later, and 10 or more years later. This review indicated that that peer relationships during youth may have important associations with immune processes; however, there are several gaps in the literature regarding the operationalization of peer relationships, the timing of the immune measurement, and the type of immune outcome to be addressed by future research.
Bridge damage identification through frequency changes

This paper investigates the use of non-contact laser vibrometers for continuous or periodic bridge monitoring and damage detection through the detection of changes in the bridge's natural frequencies. For this purpose, the vibrations of a full-depth precast-prestressed voided slab bridge and a steel girder bridge were measured under normal traffic using a laser vibrometer. Detailed finite element (FE) models were developed to study the bridge dynamic behavior for various damage scenarios, including longitudinal joint damages in a concrete bridge deck and a full-depth girder fracture in a steel girder bridge. In the concrete bridge deck, longitudinal reflective cracking on the deck surface and leakage had hinted at some level of damage at the joints. The bridge dynamic analysis showed that modal parameters in bridges with precast deck panels are sufficiently sensitive to changes in the state of the panel joints and, therefore, can be used for identifying joint damage. The results clearly confirmed the visible evidence of the damage. For the steel-girder bridge, the results of the dynamic analysis also indicated a noticeable frequency change in the bridge's natural frequencies after a fracture at a level that can be effectively detected with bridge frequency monitoring. Moreover, the proposed approach proved to be more cost-effective and less disruptive than standard monitoring approaches and, at the same time, capable of predicting damages from relatively small vibration amplitudes. This approach can be used to warn of potential damages between planned inspection intervals and to detect damages otherwise hidden from the eye during routine inspections.
“Liquid Gold” Lactation Bundle and Breastfeeding Rates in Racially Diverse Mothers of Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Background: In 2015, we implemented a comprehensive lactation bundle named Liquid Gold. Lactation bundles in the neonatal intensive care unit have not been well studied. Materials and Methods: This...
Explaining International Differences in Genetically Modified Labeling Policies

Many countries have adopted labeling policies for genetically modified (GM) food, and the regulations vary considerably across countries.We evaluate the importance of political economic factors implicit in the choice of GM food labeling regulations. Using an analytical model, we show that production and trade-related interests play a prominent role in labeling decision-making. This conclusion is validated by an empirical analysis of GM food labeling policy choices.We find that countries producing GM crops are more likely to have less stringent labeling policies. Food and feed exporters to the European Union (EU) and Japan are more likely to have adopted stricter labeling policies. Labeling regulations in Asia and Europe are similar to those of Japan and the EU. Countries with no labeling policies are less developed, with important rural sectors and are more likely to have ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.
A Learning Scheme for Recognizing Sub-classes from Model Trained on Aggregate Classes

In many practical situations it is not feasible to collect labeled samples for all available classes in a domain. Especially in supervised classification of remotely sensed images it is impossible to collect ground truth information over large geographic regions for all thematic classes. As a result often analysts collect labels for aggregate classes. In this paper we present a novel learning scheme that automatically learns sub-classes from the user given aggregate classes. We model each aggregate class as finite Gaussian mixture instead of classical assumption of unimodal Gaussian per class. The number of components in each finite Gaussian mixture are automatically estimated. Experimental results on real remotely sensed image classification showed not only improved accuracy in aggregate class classification but the proposed method also recognized sub-classes.
Production Function, Least-Cost Combination of Resources, and Profit Maximizing Level of Output

The fundamental concept related to the supply side of an economy is the production function. A production function relates the maximum quantity of output that can be produced from given quantities of inputs.
Escherichia coli σ70 and NusA proteins: II. Physical properties and self-association states

Abstract In this paper we examine the physical properties and potential for self-association of the Escherichia coli transcription factors, σ 70 and NusA. We show, by a combination of chemical crosslinking, equilibrium and velocity sedimentation, quasi-elastic light scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering that NusA exists as a monomer at KCl concentrations between 0.01 and 1.5 m , and that σ 70 exists as a monomer at KCl concentrations between 0.1 and 1.5 m . The shape and hydration characteristics of each of these monomeric proteins are also examined. The results serve as background for the companion paper in which a thermodynamic analysis is made of the interactions of these transcription factors with E. coli core RNA polymerase in solution and as a component of the functional transcription complex.
Accounting Conservatism and the Efficiency of Debt Contracts: A Note

Using the debt contracting framework in Gigler et al. [2009], this paper examines the efficiency implication of accounting conservatism in the sense of timelier loss recognition. I characterize conservatism as timelier recognition of economic losses than gains for one component of the accounting signal, assuming the debt covenant is written on the whole signal reported. I show two main results. First, although information contents of accounting regimes with different timeliness in gains and losses recognition are not comparable in the Blackwell sense under my characterization of accounting regimes, the contracting efficiency always increases with timeliness in gain and loss recognition. Second, although it is true that bad news is more useful than good news for debt contracting, it is not sufficient to justify that economic losses are more useful than gains on one component of the accounting signal. My findings imply that conservatism increases the efficiency of debt contracts when the timeliness in gains recognition is fixed, which is inconsistent with the conclusions in Gigler et al. [2009].
Tie Beams, Grade Beams, and Pile Caps

The purpose of tie beams is to connect pile caps together. Unlike tie beams, grade beams carry walls and other loads. For this reason, grade beams are larger than tie beams. After construction of pile caps or column footings, the next step is to construct tie beams and grade beams. Supervision of rebars needs to be conducted by qualified personnel before concreting. The NYC Building Code recommends not using the vertical and lateral support capacities of pile caps. On the other hand, pile cap resting on a hard ground may be able to provide significant load-bearing capacity.
Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Operating with In-Cylinder Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Blending

Advanced combustion regimes such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) offer benefits of reduced nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. However, these combustion strategies often generate higher carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. In addition, aldehydes and ketone emissions can increase in these modes. In this study, the engine-out emissions of a compression-ignition engine operating in a fuel reactivity- controlled PCCI combustion mode using in-cylinder blending of gasoline and diesel fuel have been characterized. The work was performed on a 1.9-liter, 4-cylinder diesel engine outfitted with a port fuel injection system to deliver gasoline to the engine. The engine was operated at 2300 rpm and 4.2 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) with the ratio of gasoline to diesel fuel that gave the highest engine efficiency and lowest emissions. Engine-out emissions for aldehydes, ketones and PM were compared with emissions from conventional diesel combustion. Sampling and analysis was carried out following micro-tunnel dilution of the exhaust. Particle geometric mean diameter, number-size distribution, and total number concentration were measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). For the particle mass measurements, samples were collected on Teflon-coated quartz-fiber filters and analyzed gravimetrically. Gaseousmore » aldehydes and ketones were sampled using dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated solid phase extraction cartridges and the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In addition, emissions after a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) were also measured to investigate the destruction of CO, HC and formaldehydes by the catalyst.« less
2,5‐Dimethylhexa‐2,4‐diene

[764-13-6] C8H14 (MW 110.20) InChI = 1S/C8H14/c1-7(2)5-6-8(3)4/h5-6H,1-4H3 InChIKey = DZPCYXCBXGQBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent and substrate that participates in metal-catalyzed cyclopropanations,2-18 is widely used in [2 + 2] cycloadditions19-27 and heteroatom addition28-38 including hydroboration28) Physical Data: mp 11–14 °C; bp 132–134 °C; d 0.773 g cm−3. Solubility: benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether, and ethanol. Form Supplied in: light yellow liquid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: GC, NMR, IR. Purification: chromatography with pentane as the eluent.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the compound should be handled with suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. The compound needs to be kept tightly closed in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Care should be taken to keep away from sources of ignition.
Attrition in Psychotherapy: A Survival Analysis

Purpose:Attrition is a common problem in psychotherapy and can be defined as clients ending treatment before achieving an optimal response.Method:This longitudinal, archival study utilized data for 3,728 clients, using the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2. A Cox regression proportional hazards (hazard ratios) model was used in order to better understand who is likely to attrit when considering (1) demographics, (2) diagnostic categories, and (3) process variables (e.g., recent symptom change).Results:A pattern emerged, with younger clients and those reporting less education and lower incomes being more likely to end. Clients who demonstrated a recent status change were more likely to remain in treatment.Discussion:Consistent with the large-scale STAR*D study, clients with more social and economic challenges demonstrated more risk. Adults diagnosed with a substance or obsessive compulsive disorder–related disorder showed the most elevated risk. Engagement strategies are discussed, with the goal of better support...
Absence of Histopathology in Somatic Tissues of Rats Made Infertile with Gossypol

Although the effect of gossypol on the testis and epididymis has been well documented, its effect on the somatic tissues of animals made infertile with the drug has been less well studied. In this study rats were treated daily with gossypol at either 20 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg for 6 weeks and at 10 mg/kg for 7 months. Complete tissue sets from control and gossypol-treated rats, including 26 organs, were subjected to histological examination. No significant histopathological differences were noted at the light microscope level between the control and infertile groups.
Framing language policy in post-Soviet Azerbaijan: political symbolism and interethnic harmony

This article describes how the successive Azerbaijani governments of Heydar Aliyev (1993–2003) and Ilham Aliyev (2003–present) have pursued a largely symbolic language policy, enabling them to portray themselves as protectors of both a unique Azerbaijani identity and interethnic harmony while actually expending minimal resources. Given the demographic dominance of Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijan, language revitalization is framed as being inevitable and natural, requiring little state intervention. Indeed, the Aliyev governments have framed such symbolic policies as being preferable to the more nationalistic approach favoured by the pan-Turkic government of the Azerbaijani Popular Front (1992–93), the remnants of which have become the main opposition to the Aliyev governments. However, the Azerbaijani opposition has since largely adopted policies similar to those of the government; the difference between the two groups lies in how they portray the government's efforts.
Maghrebi Migrants and Writers: Liminality, Transgression and the Transferal of Identity

Migration research has generally neglected the individual, sacrificing him/her to macrosociological analyses. Some anthropologists, however, offer more analytically productive frameworks within which to comprehend the migrants’ experiences by considering them in terms of hybridity and liminality. I argue for the insight recognition of a liminal imaginary may bring to an understanding of transnational North African’s experiences by exploring the novelistic space-time constructed and shared by Francophone Maghrebi authors, including Tahar Ben Jelloun and Mehdi Charef. Recognizing in the Moroccan context the pertinence of a hegemonic patriarchal master-disciple matrix, in addition to a certain idea of liberty in regard to international relations and borders, I perceive these Francophone Maghrebi authors as pursuing a distinctive kind of freedom, one linked to their liminal positions. I take Victor Turner’s conception of the liminal a step further by pointing to the relevance of barzakh, an Arabic word theorized by the 13th century Andalusian philosopher Ibn al-Arabi as an isthmus and womb. I further build on this concept by focusing on the inarticulatable aspects and transgressive possibilities outside transnational structures and traditions.
The case for renal revascularization

This report reviews renovascular disease, hypertension and renal parenchymal dysfunction. The primary lesions responsible are discussed as well as the strategies for restoring normal renal perfusion. The natural history studies document progressive impairment of renal perfusion and the consequence of renal dysfunction. Renal revascularization interrupts this pathway by relieving or lessening hypertension and preserving renal function which are the therapeutic options.