cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method for design and performance modeling of client/server systems

Designing complex distributed client/server applications that meet performance requirements may prove extremely difficult in practice if software developers are not willing or do not have the time to help software performance analysts. The paper advocates the need to integrate both design and performance modeling activities so that one can help the other. We present a method developed and used by the authors in the design of a fairly large and complex client/server application. The method is based on a software performance engineering language developed by one of the authors. Use cases were developed and mapped to a performance modeling specification using the language. A compiler for the language generates an analytic performance model for the system. Service demand parameters at servers, storage boxes, and networks are derived by the compiler from the system specification. A detailed model of DBMS query optimizers allows the compiler to estimate the number of I/Os and CPU time for SQL statements. The paper concludes with some results of the application that prompted the development of the method and language.
Soft error rate cross-technology prediction on embedded DRAM

Embedded DRAM has been widely used in System on Chip (SOC) systems due to its higher density than SRAM. Embedded DRAM soft error rate (SER) has become an important subject since more embedded dynamic random access memories (DRAM) are now embedded on the chip as technology advances. Experiments show alpha-SER rapidly declines with embedded DRAM scaling while neutron-SER is less significantly impacted. We develop a simple and rapid method to predict neutron- and alpha-SER scaling trends for embedded DRAM without the use of complicated simulation procedures.
Effect of dorsal hip loading, sedation, and general anesthesia on the dorsolateral subluxation score in dogs.

Objective— To determine whether dorsal loading of the pelvis and type of chemical restraint affected the dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score of dog hips. Study Design— In vivo testing of diagnostic method. Animals— Labrador retrievers, Greyhounds, and crosses between both breeds (n = 119 dogs). Methods— Dorsal load was applied to the hips through a strap that was placed over the hips, and the peak vertical and steady-state vertical, ground-reaction forces exerted on the stifles were measured in the DLS position. The DLS score was measured with their hips under dorsal load and compared with the DLS score without load. For 24 dogs, the DLS score was measured both under chemical restraint (medetomidine) and under general anesthesia. Wilcoxon-signed rank test and paired t test was used to compare effects of dorsal load and restraint method on the left and right DLS hip score, and P < .05 was considered significant. Results— Both stifles together accepted median 15% body weight in the vertical plane in the unloaded steady state. Loading the hips increased the steady-state, vertical ground-reaction force to 34% body weight. At 8 months of age, loading significantly decreased the DLS score from 65%± 11% (mean ± SD) to 60%± 12% for left hips and 66%± 11% to 63%± 13% for right hips. The left hip DLS score was affected by load more consistently than the right hip. In general, loading the hips decreased the DLS score in all breeds by 4% to 6% except for the greyhounds, in which the DLS score was unchanged by dorsal loading. When grouped by their DLS scores, load significantly decreased DLS scores in dogs with unloaded scores greater than 55% (nondysplastic), whereas DLS scores of dogs with unloaded scores between 55% and 45% (dysplastic) and less than 45% did not change significantly with load. Unloaded scores did not change significantly when compared under sedation versus general anesthesia. However, load significantly decreased the DLS score under general anesthesia for the left hip but not for the right hip. Conclusions— Less than half of the vertical ground-reaction force normally exerted by the hindlegs of a standing dog was sufficient to induce hip subluxation in the DLS position. Although dorsal loading approximately doubled the steady-state, vertical ground-reaction force, the decrease in the DLS score under load was never greater than 6%. Furthermore, the DLS scores of dogs most likely to be dysplastic (based on DLS scores <45%) were not affected by load, whereas load slightly decreased DLS cores of dogs with DLS scores greater than 55%. Clinical Relevance— External influences can change the DLS score significantly, but the magnitude of change is unlikely to be of clinical importance, making the method useful as a field screening test for both dysplastic and nondysplastic hips in young dogs.
A unifying theoretical and algorithmic framework for least squares methods of estimation in diffusion tensor imaging

A unifying theoretical and algorithmic framework for diffusion tensor estimation is presented. Theoretical connections among the least squares (LS) methods, (linear least squares (LLS), weighted linear least squares (WLLS), nonlinear least squares (NLS) and their constrained counterparts), are established through their respective objective functions, and higher order derivatives of these objective functions, i.e., Hessian matrices. These theoretical connections provide new insights in designing efficient algorithms for NLS and constrained NLS (CNLS) estimation. Here, we propose novel algorithms of full Newton-type for the NLS and CNLS estimations, which are evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the commonly used Levenberg–Marquardt method. The proposed methods have a lower percent of relative error in estimating the trace and lower reduced χ2 value than those of the Levenberg–Marquardt method. These results also demonstrate that the accuracy of an estimate, particularly in a nonlinear estimation problem, is greatly affected by the Hessian matrix. In other words, the accuracy of a nonlinear estimation is algorithm-dependent. Further, this study shows that the noise variance in diffusion weighted signals is orientation dependent when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low (⩽5). A new experimental design is, therefore, proposed to properly account for the directional dependence in diffusion weighted signal variance.
The need for different domain-independent heuristics

PRODIGY's planning algorithm uses domain-independent search heuristics. In this paper, we support our belief that there is no single search heuristic that performs more efficiently than others for all problems or in all domains. The paper presents three different domain-independent search heuristics of increasing complexity. We run PRODIGY with these heuristics in a series of artificial domains (introduced in (Barrett & Weld 1994)) where in fact one of the heuristics performs more efficiently than the others. However, we introduce an additional simple domain where the apparently worst heuristic outperforms the other two. The results we obtained in our empirical experiments lead to the main conclusion of this paper: planning algorithms need to use different search heuristics in different domains. We conclude the paper by advocating the need to learn the correspondence between particular domain characteristics and specific search heuristics for planning efficiently in complex domains.
Simplified micromechanical equations for thermal residual stress analysis of coated fiber composites

The fabrication of metal matrix composites poses unique problems to the materials engineer. The large thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) mismatch between the fiber and matrix leads to high tensile residual stresses at the fiber/matrix (F/M) interface which could lead to premature matrix cracking during cooldown. Fiber coatings could be used to reduce thermal residual stresses. A simple closed form analysis, based on a three phase composite cylinder model, was developed to calculate thermal residual stresses in a fiber/interphase/matrix system. Parametric studies showed that the tensile thermal residual stresses at the F/M interface were very sensitive to the CTE and thickness of the interphase layer. The modulus of the layer had only a moderate effect on tensile residual stresses. For a silicon carbide titanium aluminide composite, the tangential stresses were 20 to 30 pct. larger than the axial stresses, over a wide range of interphase layer properties, indicating a tendency to form radial matrix cracks during cooldown. Guidelines for the selection of appropriate material properties of the fiber coating were also derived in order to minimize thermal residual stresses in the matrix during fabrication.
Enterprise Architecture: A Social Network Perspective

IS Architecture emerges as a result of a sequence of IS project implementations. The architecture that emerges can be viewed as a network of software components linked by their interdependencies. The network influences, and is influenced by, the intra-organizational interdependencies in which it is embedded. IT management can influence the evolution of the network, and, by extension, the evolution of the organization. However, given time and cost constraints, IT management can most directly influence only a few of the components in the network, the architectural control points. In this research we show how a network perspective using research from social network analysis provides a useful abstraction for understanding architecture. We apply modular operators from design theory to enact changes to architecture. Finally, we show that by following a few simple rules, enterprises can improve the fitness of their architecture as the network emerges and the control points shift over time.
An experimental study of the gas entrapment process in closed-end microchannels

Abstract The physical mechanisms of the gas entrapment process in closed-end microchannels were investigated. Deionized water was the test fluid. The test pieces consisted of micromachined silicon squares with glass bonded on top. The microchannels had widths varying from 50 to 5 μm and had a mouth angle of 90°. Experiments show two main filling behaviors: (1) A single meniscus at the entrance, (2) Two or more menisci: one at the entrance and the other near the closed end. A single meniscus typically forms for higher contact angles (ϕ > 50°), while two or more menisci form for lower contact angles (ϕ ⩽ 30°). For 30° ⩽ ϕ ⩽ 50°, one or two interfaces were observed. In all cases, after sufficient time (hours to days), the microchannel was completely flooded. In general, increasing the depth and/or width increases the time taken to fill. On the other hand, decreasing the contact angle decreases the time taken to fill. Comparison of experimental data with predictions based on a simple mass diffusion model shows reasonable agreement.
Supervisor Versus Practitioner Perceptions When Expectations and Reality Meet

Using a paired sample of 54 supervisor-public relations practitioner teams, this study examines how the role sent by the supervisor interacts with the role enacted by the most senior practitioner. Four role relationship end states are posited and found. The findings reveal that the most common supervisor-practitioner relationship is one in which the public relations manager role is sent and enacted. In addition, findings indicate that even when supervisors expect practitioners to enact the technician role, the majority of practitioners surveyed enact the manager role. It appears that practitioners are carving out a strategic role for themselves, as opposed to having this role forced upon them.
Relation of self-rated measures of physical activity to multiple risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study

The relation of self-rated measures of physical activity to multiple risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) was examined in African American (n = 409) and white (n = 1,011) young adults aged 20 to 38 years enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Physical activity was assessed in terms of work activity, leisure-time activity, television watching, and video game playing by a questionnaire. Waist circumference, blood pressure, total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and insulin resistance index showed a consistent inverse trend with leisure-time activity (P 75th percentile for age, race, and sex) (P or =3 risk factors (P < 0.05); conversely, excess hours of inactivity increased the relative risk (P < 0.05). Thus, leisure-time activity and hours of inactivity are important predictors of multiple cardiovascular risk variables of IRS in young adults.
Vitamin D and the HLA locus help to explain the relationship between autoimmune and allergic diseases.

Vitamin D and the HLA locus help to explain the relationship between autoimmune and allergic diseases
Excuse me, but you have a melanoma on your neck! Unsolicited medical opinions.

KIE: Moseley contends that, as members of an accepted and sanctioned moral community with specific commitments, physicians have strict obligations of beneficence which extend to the rendering of emergency treatment and the offering, under certain circumstances, of unsolicited medical opinions to strangers. The physician must be relatively certain of the identification of a serious health problem that will very likely go unattended. The problem must be one about which a reasonable person would want information and which is treatable or requires comfort. The author warns that, should society come to view physicians as merely scientists or technicians, then physician-bystanders' strict obligations to strangers may be weakened.
Deratization effect by using bait stations in outdoor environment of urban communities

Objective To investigate the deratization effect by using bait stations in outdoor environment of urban communities. Methods A certain amount of bait stations were installed in outdoor environment of 6 communities of Huangshi,then some of paddy rice,rice or paraffinized pellet poison bait of 0. 005% bromadiolone were put into every bait station,powder trace method was used to evaluate the deratization effect. Results The outdoor rodent densities in 6 communities was totally 7. 87% before deratization,and it turned to 0. 87% and the deratization rate was 88. 94%on the 30th day after deratization. The deratization rates in the communities that the bait stations were supplied with supplemental poison bait every month were 95. 23%,90. 60%,95. 23%,95. 37% and 90. 60% respectively on the 60 th,90 th,120 th,150 th,180 th day; while the deratization rates in other communities were 83. 67%,70. 68%,58. 88%,47. 08%,30. 63% respectively,and the former was higher than the latter( P 0. 01),the persistent deratization effects of the paraffinized pellet poison bait was better than paddy rice or rice poison bait( P 0. 01). Conclusion The deratization effect by using bait stations in outdoor environment of urban communities is effective and it can be more effective when the bait stations are supplied with supplemental poison bait every month or the paraffinized pellet poison bait are used.
Substantial-evidence analysis of improvement in college English extensive-reading teaching

This paper focuses on analyzing the authentic examples of the teaching of extensive reading by questionnaires.It attempts to clarify the attitude and methods and measures the teachers should take during the teaching of College English extensive reading.
Extending Semantic Sensor Networks for automatically tackling smart building problems

Sensor systems are constantly growing in all application areas and become elements of our environment. Semantic Sensor Networks (SSN) support this development and provide standardized semantic access for reasoning on this information. Unfortunately they do not model internal system knowledge or simple correlations between sensors and hence they cannot be used to automatically perform analytics tasks based on sensor data only. We show how SSN ontology can be extended and demonstrate its benefits for the task of diagnosing smart building problems using real-world data.
Sexual behavior and steroid levels among gynecologically mature premenopausal women

Twenty-seven gynecologically mature young women who participated in a 14-week study prospectively recorded daily sexual behavior and basal body temperature data. In addition, they supplied plasma three times during the last cycle of participation. Plasma was analyzed for estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P) by radioimmunoassay. The levels of circulating sex steroid hormones during the luteal phase were examined in relation to measures of menstrual cycle length, sexual frequency, and coital total. The results indicated the following: (1) women who had weekly sex with men had higher levels of estrogen than women who did not; (2) total amount of coital behavior was not related to any of the hormones assayed; (3) neither T nor P were distinguished by the consistency of sexual behavior or by coital total; and (4) women with aberrant-length cycles tended to have lower levels of E2. Thus, E2 consistently showed relationships to sexual behavior and cycle length, whereas P and T did not.
Diet and physical activity patterns of obese and nonobese elementary school children.

Abstract The caloric intake and physical activity patterns of 50 fifth grade students were studied to determine the relative contributions of diet and physical inactivity in the development of obesity. On the basis of tricep skinfold measurements, the subjects were divided into four groups or levels of obesity. Seven-day diet recall records were then obtained with the cooperation of the children's parents. Activity patterns were studied by filming the subjects during games of high and low organization and during free play. Indexes of the duration and intensity of activity were derived from the film analysis. The caloric intake and physical activity patterns of the four groups were compared by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. Using the combined scores for all groups, correlation coefficients were computed to determine the relationship between (1) skinfold measures and total caloric intake, (2) skinfold measures and activity patterns, and (3) total caloric intake and activity patterns. The relative inactivit...
Practical Design Aspects for Superconducting Magnets Cooled with Pool Boiling He-I

The combined stored energy and current density obtainable with pool boiling magnets is constrained by a maximum stress limit, a quench adiabatic temperature rise limit, and a cryostable heat flux limit. The temperature rise and cryostability constraints can be combined to yield a relationship between practical maximum current densities and stored energies. The resulting curve, which bounds the realm of applicability for pool boiling design, is presented and compared with the requirements of several magnet applications. The ratio of maximum stored energy to current density is proportional to the square of the design heat flux. This, in turn, is determined by the choice of stability criterion and the available heat transfer within the winding. As the stability criterion becomes more liberal, the disturbance energies for which the conductor will recover become smaller. This performance/risk tradeoff is discussed in relation to the “training” phenomenon of pool boiling magnets and to the increase in resistivity of copper in magnets subjected to neutron radiation. Finally, it is known that cooling channel geometry and the amount of vapor present within the winding affect the available heat transfer. The relationship between the pool boiling curve for helium and the winding configuration is discussed. Strategies for limiting the degradation of heat transfer caused by excessive vapor in the winding are presented. Some closing remarks are made concerning the potential for further improved performance of pool boiling magnets, and areas for additional research of pool boiling/ ventilation in magnet windings are suggested.
Understanding Lipid Bilayer Dynamics: Relating Bending and Thickness Fluctuations to Membrane Elasticity

Lipid membranes are highly complex systems with a hierarchy of structure and dynamics that span several decades in length and time scales which in turn have a huge influence on membrane functions. While a large body of research has been dedicated to multiscale structural investigations in such systems, dynamical characterization has lagged far behind. The experimental challenge here is the need to simultaneously access the desired length and time scales for the motions of interest. Over the past decade, neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) has proven to be a unique tool for capturing the collective lipid membrane dynamics on the nanometer and nanosecond scales. For example, lipid membrane bending moduli have been estimated from the relaxation time of single membrane fluctuations in unilamellar vesicles. More recently, lipid membrane thickness fluctuations have also been measured with relaxation times on the order of 100 ns and with amplitudes of a few tenths of nanometers in fluid lipid bilayers. Here we use deformation free energy calculations to connect the experimentally measured thickness fluctuation amplitude to the bilayer elastic parameters: the compressibility modulus and wavelength of the fluctuations. The compressibility modulus is on the order of 10ˆ6 Pa irrespective of saturated tail length in zwitterionic bilayers; however, this value decreases upon mixing lipids with different tail length. Similarly, the fluctuation wavelength is also influenced by lipid composition and is on the order on 20 nm in single component bilayers and increases with temperature in mixed lipid bilayers. It is interesting to note that these fluctuation wavelengths are on the same size scale as laterally inhomogeneous bilayer structures such as the ripple phase and raft domains, which may hint at an interplay between the structure and dynamics in lipid bilayers.
Finding the positive in all of the negative: Facilitation for color-related emotion words in a negative priming paradigm

Abstract A study conducted by Sutton and Altarriba (2008) suggested that color-related emotion words (e.g., sad, envy) produce standard Stroop interference effects. Associations between emotion words and colors are culture specific, and may be the result of common phrases in a language (e.g., “feeling blue” in English), or a result of the manner in which color is used to signify information or meaning in a language (e.g., red often represents threat). In the present paper, the same stimuli were investigated in a negative priming paradigm in which participants were asked to name the ink color of a presented word. In this task, response times are typically slower in ignored repetition trials (i.e., the probe target is related to the prime distractor) than control trials. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that color words and color-related neutral words yielded negative priming; however, color-related emotion words yielded significant facilitation. In Experiment 2, the three word types were intermixed within the same block and the same results were obtained. The current study provides converging evidence that salient distractors cannot be ignored.
Phase I trial of dose-escalating metronomic temozolomide plus bevacizumab and bortezomib for patients with recurrent glioblastoma

The average survival time for patients with recurrent glioblastoma is between 5 and 9 months. Phase I and II trials have shown a modest survival benefit with combination temozolomide and other chemotherapeutics. We conducted a phase I trial of dose-escalating temozolomide with bevacizumab and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib for patients with recurrent disease. Three groups of three patients were scheduled to receive daily doses of temozolomide at 25, 50, and 75 mg/m2. Fixed doses of bortezomib and bevacizumab were given at standard intervals. Patients were monitored for dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of temozolomide with this regimen. No DLT were seen in the first two groups (25 and 50 mg/m2 temozolomide). One patient in the 75 mg/m2 group experienced a grade 4 elevation of ALT and three more patients were accrued for a total of six patients at that dose level. No other DLT occurred, thus making 75 mg/m2 the MTD. Progression-free survival was 3.27 months for all patients and mean overall survival was 20.75 months. The MTD of temozolomide was 75 mg/m2 in combination with bevacizumab and bortezomib for recurrent glioblastoma. Only one patient experienced a severe (Grade 4) elevation of ALT. This study will provide the framework for further studies to elicit effectiveness and better determine a safety profile for this drug combination.
The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Routine Hemoglobin A1c Screening in Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus has been associated with significant perioperative complications in joint arthroplasty. In addition, many patients are unaware of their dysglycemic status, and the prevalence of undiagnosed dysglycemia in joint arthroplasty patients is unknown. Methods Several years ago, we began routine hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level screening in all our patients planning to undergo elective total hip and total knee arthroplasties. We retrospectively reviewed the HbA1c levels in our initial 663 patients. Results Forty-eight percent of these patients were found to be nondiabetic; 19% percent had a previous history of some level of dysglycemia. Most significantly, over one third, 33.6% of these patients were previously undiagnosed dysglycemic patients; 31% were diagnosed as prediabetic and 2.6% as diabetic. Conclusion Owing to the high prevalence of prediabetic patients who go on to develop diabetes and to the high correlation of poor glucose control with perioperative complications, we feel that it is imperative to identify this large number of previously undiagnosed dysglycemic patients. We recommend the routine screening of all patients planning to undergo major orthopedic procedures. Likewise, we recommend that identified patients be referred for diabetic counseling. We also recommend that patients with markedly elevated HbA1c levels have their elective surgery postponed until better glycemic control can be achieved.
The Sonographic Stenosis Index: A New Specific Quantitative Measure of Transplant Hepatic Arterial Stenosis.

Objectives This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of stenosis index (SI), which accounts for the entire spectral Doppler waveform, to detect significant transplant hepatic arterial stenosis. Materials and Methods In this institutional review board–approved, HIPAA compliant study, we retrospectively analyzed 69 patients who had catheter angiography for suspected transplant hepatic arterial stenosis (THAS) between January 2006 and December 2010; all patients had Doppler ultrasound within 30 days before angiography. Patients with angiographic stenosis requiring intervention were considered positive for THAS. Stenosis index was calculated from each patient's spectral Doppler ultrasound images by obtaining the ratio of the area under the high-frequency signal to low-frequency signal in the spectral Doppler. Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were also calculated. Receiver operator curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared among the three metrics. Results Forty-eight of 69 patients had THAS by angiography requiring intervention; 21patients had no angiographic evidence of THAS. SI was significantly different (P < .001) between patients with THAS (SI = 1.04 ± 0.20) and those without THAS (SI = 1.39 ± 0.30). Stenosis index had an AUC of 0.86 for detecting THAS, which was significantly higher than that from RI (AUC = 0.68, P = .038 for the comparison) and PI (AUC = 0.70, P = .029). For SI < 1.35, the sensitivity for THAS was 94% and specificity was 52%. For RI < 0.5, the sensitivity was 96% and the specificity was 29%. Conclusions Stenosis index is more accurate than the resistive index and the pulsatility index for detecting transplant hepatic artery stenosis.
Dysregulation of Alveolar Macrophage PPARγ, NADPH Oxidases, and TGFβ1 in Otherwise Healthy HIV-Infected Individuals.

Abstract Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), respiratory infections increase mortality in individuals living with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In experimental and clinical studies of chronic HIV infection, alveolar macrophages (AMs) exhibit impaired phagocytosis and bacterial clearance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, NADPH oxidase (Nox) isoforms Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) are critical mediators of AM oxidative stress and phagocytic dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesized that HIV alters AM expression of these targets, resulting in chronic lung oxidative stress and subsequent immune dysfunction. A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected (n = 22) and HIV-uninfected (n = 6) subjects was conducted. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and AMs were isolated. Lung H2O2 generation was determined by measuring H2O2 in the BAL fluid. In AMs, PPARγ, Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and TGFβ1 mRNA (quantitative real-time polymerase chain react...
Optical extinction of size-controlled aerosols generated from squid chromatophore pigments

Nanophotonic granules populate the interior of cephalopod chromatophores, contributing to their visible color by selectively absorbing and scattering light. Inspired by the performance of these granules, we fabricated nanostructured aerosols by nebulizing a pigment solution extracted from native squid chromatophores. We determined their optical extinction using cavity ring-down spectroscopy and show how extinction cross section is dependent on both particle concentration and size. This work not only advances the fundamental knowledge of the optical properties of chromatophore pigments but also serves as a proof-of-concept method that can be adapted to develop coatings derived from these pigmentary aerosols.
GAIT DEFICITS UNDER DUAL - TASK CONDITIONS IN THE CONCUSSED ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ATHLETE POPULATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Background There are no current sport concussion assessments that capture the effects of dual-task conditions on gait. Multiple studies have evaluated changes, but none have comprehensively examined literature related to the adolescent and young adult population.Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize documented changes in gait under dual-task conditions in adolescents and young adults after sustaining a concussion.Study Design: Systematic Review. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was consulted to guide this systematic review. Six databases were searched: Cinahl, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTdiscus, and Web of Science. Concussion, gait, and dual-task, along with their synonymous terms were the search terms used. Inclusion criteria consisted of adolescent and young adult age groups, acute concussion, dual-tasking, and matched controls. Quality assessment was performed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Control Studies. Results Ten full-text articles were selected for inclusion. Concussed individuals demonstrated longer stride times with shorter stride lengths, increased mediolateral displacement with corresponding increases in sagittal and frontal plane peak velocity, and decreased sagittal plane Center of Mass (COM) and Center of Pressure (COP) displacement. The majority of included studies demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes in these gait characteristics. Conclusion Concussed individuals demonstrated decreased gait stability while ambulating with a dual-task condition. Though statistically significant differences between concussed individuals and matched controls lasted only 72 hours, concussed individuals demonstrated continued improvements in gait for up to two months post-injury, which has the potential to affect an athlete's ability to perform. Further research is needed to determine if a gait examination with a dual-task condition is a realistic, reliable, and valid measure to be included in return to sport testing. Level of Evidence 2a.
Quantitative skill retention and curriculum integration in a typical business school in the United States – A student perspective

Abstract This paper aims to quantify the extent to which those aspects of quantitative skill-sets and overarching competencies that are deemed important for business, are retained by students in a traditional business program. It also examines how well these quantitative skill sets and overarching competencies match up with what students feel they've learned. In particular, it highlights the perceived decline in knowledge retention and curriculum integration that students experience by their senior year. It concludes by making recommendations on curriculum design.
Laboratory Instrumentation in Turbulence Measurements

Measurements of turbulence can arise in a great number of fluid flow problems. The possible range of turbulent fluctuations can vary over many decades of time, amplitude, and/or space scales. Some ideas of the vast time scales that are associated with “turbulent” motion can be gained by considering Figure 11.1.
Effect of Hindered Diffusion on the Parameter Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Spectra

Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for elucidating the details of molecular dynamics. In many important applications, a model of hindered diffusion is useful for summarizing the complex dynamics of ordered media, such as a liquid crystalline environment, as well as the dynamics of proteins in solution or confined to a membrane. In previous work, we have shown how the sensitivity of a magnetic resonance spectrum to the details of molecular dynamics depends on the symmetries of the magnetic tensors for the relevant interactions, e.g., Zeeman, hyperfine, or quadrupolar interactions. If the hindered diffusion is modeled as arising from an orienting potential, then the parameter sensitivity of the magnetic resonance spectrum may be studied by generalizations of methods we have introduced in previous work. In particular, we will show how lineshape calculations using eigenfunction expansions of solutions of the diffusion equation, can be used as inputs to an information-geometric approach to parameter sensitivity estimation. We illustrate our methods using model systems drawn from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Electron Spin Resonance, and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance.
Jikradia olitoria ([Hemiptera]:[Cicadellidae]) Transmits the Sequevar NAGYIIIβ Phytoplasma Strain Associated with North American Grapevine Yellows in Artificial Feeding Assays.

North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY) is a destructive disease of grapevines caused by phytoplasmas, wall-less bacteria that are insect-transmitted and found in plant phloem tissues. Although the disease was recognized in vineyards in the eastern United States since the 1980s, the identities of vectors remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to survey potential phytoplasma vector insects inhabiting Virginia vineyards that expressed NAGY symptoms and to evaluate their ability to transmit phytoplasmas associated with NAGY. Phytoplasmas were identified as ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’-related NAGYIIIβ strains and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma asteris’-related NAGYI-B strains. To determine the identities of the potential vectors, artificial feeding solution was used to evaluate the ability of leafhopper species to release phytoplasmas during feeding and phytoplasma strains were identified using molecular tools. Out of 49 insect species screened, Jikradia olitoria was the only insect that released phytoplasmas into the feeding solutions; all phytoplasmas, thus, detected were identified as NAGYIIIβ strains by nucleotide sequencing of three different genomic regions. No NAGYI-B strain was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a potential insect vector of a specific phytoplasma associated with NAGY disease, and it is the first report of J. olitoria being a putative vector of a plant pathogenic phytoplasma.
Comparison of the scavenging intensity, remineralization and residence time of 210Po and 210Pb at key zones (biotic, sediment-water and hydrothermal) along the East Pacific GEOTRACES transect.

Abstract The contrasting geochemical behavior of two long-lived progeny of 222Rn (daughter product of 226Ra), 210Po and 210Pb, provide valuable insights on the extent of recycling of biogenic particulate matter and their preferential removal from the water column. We collected and analyzed 135 water samples from six vertical profiles for 210Po and 210Pb as well as a suite of aerosol samples for 210Pb along the US GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16). Calculated atmospheric depositional flux of 210Pb from the measured 210Pb activity in aerosols exhibits an overall decrease from east to west along the cruise track. The inventories of 210Po and 210Pb and residence times in key zones that include biotic (upper 60 and 300 m), sediment-water (bottom 300 m) and volcanogenic (bottom 300 m at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) station) were calculated and compared. A comparison of inventories of 210Po and 210Pb in 500-m layers (maximum penetration depth of atmospherically-delivered 210Pb was reported to be upper 1000 m and we contend that most of these observations do not take in to account the variable extent of redistribution of 210Po and 210Pb in the water column due to remineralization of biogenic particulate matter and preferential scavenging of 210Po over 210Pb. We observed intense scavenging of 210Po and 210Pb in the bottom 300 m of the EPR site (attributed to discharge of high amounts of dissolved and colloidal Fe and Mn from the hydrothermal vent) and lower scavenging in the upper and bottom 300 m at the most oligotrophic station (ST-36), indicating that the scavenging intensities in bottom waters are likely coupled to the surface waters.
We Can Do It? How the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Perpetuates Implicit Gender Bias in the Code

In December of 2017 Congress passed sweeping tax “reform” legislation known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This article highlights three aspects of the legislation that reflect implicit bias in the Code and facilitate the marginalization of women as a result of tax policy that fails to consider underlying demographic data with respect to the equitable distribution of tax expenditures. Specifically, this article analyzes the elimination of the alimony inclusion/deduction regime under §§ 71 and 215 of the Code, the disallowance of a deduction for legal fees associated with the settlement of sexual harassment and abuse claims that include nondisclosure agreements under § 162(q), and specific provisions designed to promote small businesses that exclude the vast majority of businesses owned by women. This article proposes that real tax reform should endeavor to eliminate implicit bias in the Code by addressing the circumstances giving rise to the need for alimony in the first place; the barriers to success faced by women in the market, including discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual assault; and the circumstances that propel female entrepreneurs toward the types of business models that are excluded from substantial benefits under the Code. In order to effectuate the equitable distribution of tax expenditures and facilitate economic efficiency through tax policy, real tax reform should reevaluate the normative view of marriage, families, and traditional business models reflected in the Code taking into consideration underlying demographic data with respect to the effects of tax legislation on discrete groups of people. Further, real tax reform would adopt a more holistic approach that takes into consideration the interconnected nature of the private and public lives of women struggling to participate equitably in the market and achieve financial independence and economic self-sufficiency.
An 11-bit High Dynamic Range (HDR) Luminance Display and Its Use to Discover Contextual Mechanisms of Real-World Luminance Normalization for Visual Acuity and Target Discrimination

Luminance can vary widely when scanning across a scene, by up to 10^9 to 1, requiring multiple normalizing mechanisms spanning from the retina to cortex to support visual acuity and recognition. Vision models based on standard dynamic range luminance contrast ratios below 100 to 1 have limited ability to generalize to real-world scenes with contrast ratios over 10,000 to 1 (high dynamic range [HDR]). Understanding and modeling brain mechanisms of HDR luminance normalization is thus important for military applications, including automatic target recognition, display tone mapping, and camouflage. Yet, computer display of HDR stimuli was until recently unavailable or impractical for research. Here we describe procedures for setup, calibration, and precision check of an HDR display system with over 100,000 to 1 luminance dynamic range (650-0.0065 cd/m^2), pseudo 11-bit grayscale precision, and 3-ms temporal precision in the MATLAB/Psychtoolbox software environment. The setup is synchronized with electroencephalography and IR eye-tracking measurements. We report measures of HDR visual acuity and the discovery of a novel phenomenon - that abrupt darkening (from 400 to 4 cd/m^2) engages contextual facilitation, distorting the perceived orientation of a high-contrast central target. Surprisingly, the facilitation effect depended on luminance similarity, contradicting both classic divisive and subtractive models of contextual normalization.
Multi-scale model inter-comparisons of CO2 and H2O exchange rates in inhomogeneous canopies

Models for the exchange of CO2 and H2O between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems are needed for assessing the effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on atmospheric concentration of CO2. To date, no single model captures the entire spectrum of variability of the processes affecting CO2 and H2O transfer and storage within terrestrial ecosystems; rather, a modular approach is adopted in which the forcing and response variables are coupled over an inherent or assumed time scale that is then integrated to longer time scales. The effect of such modular parameterization of the “fast” processes and their cross-scale interaction with the slowly varying processes on long-term carbon sequestration remains a subject of investigation. Here, we compared four existing process-based stand-level models of varying complexity (3-PG, PnET II, Biome-BGC, and SECRETS-3PG) and a newly proposed nested model with 4 years of eddy-covariance water vapor (LE) and CO2 (Fc) fluxes measured above a maturing loblolly pine forest near Durham, North Carolina, USA. The nested model resolves the “fast” CO2 and H2O exchange processes using canopy turbulence theories and radiative transfer principles while slow evolving processes were resolved using standard carbon allocation methods modified to improve leaf phenology. The model comparisons showed strong linkages between carbon production and LAI variability, which necessitates the use of multi-layer models to reproduce the seasonal dynamics of LAI, Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and LE. However, our findings suggest that increasing model complexity, often justified for resolving faster processes, does not necessarily translate into improved predictive skills at all time scales, especially annual and longer. To address this spectral discrepancy, we performed a variance component analysis of NEE at annual time scales that revealed that most of the inconsistency seems to originate from different model responses to drought. None of the models tested here adequately captured drought effects on water and CO2 fluxes. Furthermore, the good spectral performance of some models on inter-annual time scales appears to stem from erroneously capturing LAI dynamics and from over sensitivity to droughts that injects unrealistic variability at longer time scales.
Ripped, Torn, and Cut: Pop, Politics and Punk Fanzines from 1976

Punk is frequently overlooked and underappreciated as a fundamental shaper of popular culture. The history of fanzines has been well documented, from their origins as home-made magazines by science...
Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in child: 59 cases report

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic effect of single-port laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children.Methods From January 2006 to September 2010,59 children with peritoritis or perforated appendicitis were treated by single-port laparoscopic approach.Results All the patients recovered well Fifty-four of the 59 cases (91.53％) were successfully treated by the single-port laparoscopic surgery while the 3 cases were converted to three-port approach and 1 case to laparotomy.One with incision infection and the other one with suture reaction were found after operation.No other complications were encountered during the follow-up.Conclusions Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy is effective,less invasive and safe for perforated appendicitis.It is indicated as a better choice for treating all types of appendicitis in children. Key words: Laparoscopic surgery; Appendectomy
Lethal Means Assessment and Counseling in the Emergency Department: Differences by Provider Type and Personal Home Firearms.

OBJECTIVE This study examined emergency department (ED) and behavioral health (BH) provider attitudes and behaviors related to lethal means screening and counseling of patients with suicide risk, specifically examining differences by provider type and whether providers had firearms in their own home. METHODS Emergency department providers (physicians and mid-level practitioners) and behavioral health (BH) providers at four Colorado EDs completed an anonymous, web-based survey. RESULTS Fewer ED providers (35%) than BH providers (81%) felt confident in their ability to counsel patients about lethal means (p < .001). In multivariable analysis, the only clinical or provider factor associated with often or almost always asking patients about firearm access was provider type, with BH providers more likely than ED providers to ask in all scenarios (OR: 5.58, 95% CI 1.68-18.6). Behaviors and attitudes about lethal means counseling did not vary by whether the provider had firearms at home. Almost all providers said that additional training and protocols about how to help patients make firearm storage decisions would be helpful. CONCLUSIONS Gaps in ED-delivered lethal means counseling persist, highlighting directions for future provider education and protocol development.
Divine Aggression in Psalms and Inscriptions: Vengeful Gods and Loyal Kings

The aggression of the biblical God named Yhwh is notorious. Students of theology, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East know that the Hebrew Bible describes Yhwh acting destructively against his client country, Israel, and against its kings. But is Yhwh uniquely vengeful, or was he just one among other, similarly ferocious patron gods? To answer this question, Collin Cornell compares royal biblical psalms with memorial inscriptions. He finds that the Bible shares deep theological and literary commonalities with comparable texts from Israel's ancient neighbours. The centrepiece of both traditions is the intense mutual loyalty of gods and kings. In the event that the king's monument and legacy comes to harm, gods avenge their individual royal protege. In the face of political inexpedience, kings honour their individual divine benefactor.