cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factor structure of self-regulation in preschoolers: Testing models of a field-based assessment for predicting early school readiness

The importance of early self-regulatory skill has seen increased focus in the applied research literature given the implications of these skills for early school success. A three-factor latent structure of self-regulation consisting of compliance, cool executive control, and hot executive control was tested against alternative models and retained as best fitting. Tests of model equivalence indicated that the model held invariant across Head Start and private child-care samples. Partial invariance was supported for age and gender. In the validity model, because of a substantial amount of shared variance among latent factors, we included a second-order factor explaining the two types of executive control. Higher order executive control positively predicted teacher report of learning behaviors and social competence in the classroom. These findings are discussed in light of their practical and theoretical significance.
OFFICIAL CRIME DATA: Lag in Recording Time as a Threat to Validity

Official reports are the preferred measure of criminal activity when the goal is to understand whether criminal justice clients are less involved in crime in the posttreatment than in the pretreatment period. However, even this preferred method has drawbacks. Data presented here show that there is a recording time lag in official crime data. At times, the gap between time of crime commission and entry of the offense onto the subject's police record is considerable. Data collected in a short span of time after the treatment period are likely to underestimate crime committed in that period. Consequently, findings of change in the level of involvement in crime should be interpreted with caution.
PARAMETRIC FORCING OF WAVES WITH A NONMONOTONIC DISPERSION RELATION : DOMAIN STRUCTURES IN FERROFLUIDS

Surface waves on ferrofluids exposed to a dc magnetic field exhibit a nonmonotonic dispersion relation. The effect of a parametric driving on such waves is studied within suitable coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations. Due to the nonmonotonicity the neutral curve for the excitation of standing waves can have up to three minima. The stability of the waves with respect to long-wave perturbations is determined via a phase-diffusion equation. It shows that the band of stable wave numbers can split up into two or three subbands. The resulting competition between the wave numbers corresponding to the respective subbands leads quite naturally to patterns consisting of multiple domains of standing waves which differ in their wave number. The coarsening dynamics of such domain structures is addressed.
1993 Soichiro Honda Lecture: The Challenges of Change in the Auto Industry: Why Alternative Fuels?

Development of vehicles to operate on nonpetroleum fuels began in earnest in response to the energy shocks of the 1970s. While petroleum will remain the predominant transportation fuel for a long time, petroleum supplies are finite, so it is not too soon to begin the difficult transition to new sources of energy. In the past decade, composition of the fuel utilized in the internal combustion engine has gained recognition as a major factor in the control of emissions from the tailpipe of the automobile and the rate of formation of ozone in the atmosphere. Improvements in air quality can be realized by using vehicles that operate on natural gas, propane, methanol, ethanol, or electricity, but introduction of these alternative fuel vehicles presents major technical and economic challenges to the auto industry, as well as the entire country, as long as gasoline remains plentiful and inexpensive.
HIGH ENERGY HEAVY IONS: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract Pioneering work at the Bevalac has given significant insight into the field or relativistic heavy ions, both in the development of techniques for acceleration and delivery of these beams as well as in many novel areas of applications. This paper will outline our experiences at the Bevalac; ion sources, low velocity acceleration, matching to the synchrotron booster, and beam delivery. Applications discussed will include the observation of new effects in central nuclear collisions, production of beams of exotic short-lived (down to 1 μs) isotopes through peripheral nuclear collisions, atomic physics with hydrogen-like uranium ions, effects of heavy “cosmic rays” on satellite equipment, and an ongoing cancer radiotherapy program with heavy ions.
Developmental abnormalities associated with long arm deletion of chromosome No. 6

A patient is reported who had a partial terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome No. 6. His clinical findings included development delay, failure to thrive, neurologic abnormalities, and multiple congenital malformations. Among the malformation were unusual facial features, cleft palate, atrial septal defect, and abnormalities of the external genitalia. The patient's features are compared with others who may have material deleted from the long arm of chromosome No. 6.
A postoperative complication in a patient with a mitral commissurotomy.

Congestive cardiac failure as a complication postoperatively is reviewed in a special instance. This patient had had a mitral commissurotomy five years before, and the present procedure was a partial salpingectomy. This patient developed cardiac failure due possibly to: (1) inefficient myocardium, (2) fluid overload, (3) lack of preoperative digitalization, (4) pneumonitis postoperatively.
Responses of E. coli to osmotic stress: large changes in amounts of cytoplasmic solutes and water

Escherichia coli is capable of growing in environments ranging from very dilute aqueous solutions of essential nutrients to media containing molar concentrations of salts or nonelectrolyte solutes. Growth in environments with such a wide range (at least 100-fold) of osmolarities poses significant physiological challenges for cells. To meet these challenges, E. coli adjusts a wide range of cytoplasmic solution variables, including the cytoplasmic amounts both of water and of charged and uncharged solutes.
A prolonged nursery epidemic associated with a newly recognized type of group A streptococcus

During a six-month period 69 infants in a newborn nursery were colonized with group A streptococci. Fifty-one had omphalitis, two infected circumcision wounds, and one each had meningitis, primary peritonitis, and conjunctivitis. Thirteen infants were asymptomatically colonized. Control of the epidemic was difficult. Benzathine penicillin prophylaxis to all infants suppressed active infection but did not eradicate asymptomatic colonization of the umbilical cord. Triple dye treatment of the umbilical cord plus benzathine penicillin prophylaxis eradicated the infection from the nursery. The epidemic streptococcus was a newly recognized ""skin strain,'' provisional type strain 5656-S, not previously known to cause epidemic disease or serious systemic infections.
Differential Regulation of Human Thymosin Beta 15 Isoforms by Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1

We recently identified an additional isoform of human thymosin beta 15 (also known as NB-thymosin beta, gene name TMSB15A) transcribed from an independent gene, and designated TMSB15B. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these isoforms were differentially expressed and functional. Our data show that the TMSB15A and TMSB15B isoforms have distinct expression patterns in different tumor cell lines and tissues. TMSB15A was expressed at higher levels in HCT116, DU145, LNCaP, and LNCaP-LN3 cancer cells. In MCF-7, SKOV-3, HT1080, and PC-3MLN4 cells, TMSB15A and TMSB15B showed approximately equivalent levels of expression, while TMSB15B was the predominant isoform expressed in PC-3, MDA-MB-231, NCI-H322, and Caco-2 cancer cells. In normal human prostate and prostate cancer tissues, TMSB15A was the predominant isoform expressed. In contrast, normal colon and colon cancer tissue expressed predominantly TMSB15B. The two gene isoforms are also subject to different transcriptional regulation. Treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with transforming growth factor beta 1 repressed TMSB15A expression but had no effect on TMSB15B. siRNA specific to the TMSB15B isoform suppressed cell migration of prostate cancer cells to epidermal growth factor, suggesting a functional role for this second isoform. In summary, our data reveal different expression patterns and regulation of a new thymosin beta 15 gene paralog. This may have important consequences in both tumor and neuronal cell motility. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efavirenz induces autophagy and aberrant differentiation in normal human keratinocytes.

Although efavirenz (EFV) is efficacious as an anti-retroviral therapy when combined with other antiretroviral drugs, it may cause adverse clinical effects, including skin and mucosal eruptions, central nervous system complications, hepatotoxicity, renal failure and pulmonary complications. The present study investigated the phenotypic alterations caused by EFV in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and determined the cell death pathways leading to the lack of epithelial proliferation and regeneration. Replication kinetics, cellular morphology, and protein and mRNA levels of cell cycle regulatory genes and cell death markers were compared between the EFV-exposed cells and the untreated control. EFV treatment led to cell proliferation arrest and cell death of the NHKs by inducing autophagy mediated by proteasome-dependent degradation of p53. EFV also reduced the levels of mTOR and active ERK signaling in NHKs. Chemical inhibition of p53 degradation with a proteasome inhibitor led to reduced autophagic response of NHKs to EFV. In addition, EFV triggered terminal differentiation of NHKs by inducing the expression of involucrin, filaggrin, loricrin and genes involved in cornified envelope formation. Inhibition of autophagy in the EFV-treated NHKs with 3-methylalanine reduced the levels of involucrin and the extent of cell death. Our data indicate that EFV elicits cytotoxic effects on NHKs in part through induction of autophagy and aberrant differentiation of cells.
The triglyceride lipases of the pancreas

Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) and its protein cofactor, colipase, are required for efficient dietary triglyceride digestion. In addition to PTL, pancreatic acinar cells synthesize two pancreatic lipase related proteins (PLRP1 and PLRP2), which have a high degree of sequence and structural homology with PTL. PLRP1 has no known activity. PTL and PLRP2 differ in substrate specificity, behavior in bile salts and dependence on colipase. Each protein has a globular amino-terminal (N-terminal) domain, which contains the catalytic site for PTL and PLRP2, and a beta-sandwich carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) domain, which includes the predominant colipase-binding site for PTL. Inactive and active conformations of PTL have been described. They differ in the position of a surface loop, the lid domain, and of the beta5-loop. In the inactive conformation, the lid covers the active site and, upon activation by bile salt micelles and colipase or by lipid-water interfaces, the lid moves dramatically to open and configure the active site. After the lid movement, PTL and colipase create a large hydrophobic plateau that can interact with the lipid-water interface. A hydrophobic surface loop in the C-terminal domain, the beta5' loop, may also contribute to the interfacial-binding domain of the PTL-colipase complex.
A quantum-mechanical treatment of phonon scattering in carbon nanotube transistors

Phonon scattering in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) is treated using the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism with the self-consistent Born approximation. The treatment simultaneously captures the essential physics of phonon scattering and important quantum effects. For a one-dimensional channel, it is computationally as efficient as and physically more rigorous than the so-called “Buttiker probe” approach [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1761 (1986)], which has been widely used in mesoscopic physics. The non-self-consistent simulation results confirm that the short mean-free-path optical phonon (OP) scattering, though expected to dominate even in a short channel CNTFET, essentially has no direct effect on the dc on current under modest gate biases. The self-consistent simulation results indicate that OP scattering, however, can have an indirect effect on the on current through self-consistent electrostatics. Using a high-κ gate insulator suppresses the indirect effect and leads to a dc on c...
Attempts to prepare a pyramidal carbocation with an apical fluorine substituent

Gem-difluorides 7 and 8, different only in the location of a methyl substituent and each a potential precursor of the same pyramidal carbocation 9, ionize instead to give allylic carbocation 13 and homotropylium ion 20 respectively.
Cholera Vaccination Campaign Contributes to Improved Knowledge Regarding Cholera and Improved Practice Relevant to Waterborne Disease in Rural Haiti

Background Haiti's cholera epidemic has been devastating partly due to underlying weak infrastructure and limited clean water and sanitation. A comprehensive approach to cholera control is crucial, yet some have argued that oral cholera vaccination (OCV) might result in reduced hygiene practice among recipients. We evaluated the impact of an OCV campaign on knowledge and health practice in rural Haiti. Methodology/Principal Findings We administered baseline surveys on knowledge and practice relevant to cholera and waterborne disease to every 10th household during a census in rural Haiti in February 2012 (N = 811). An OCV campaign occurred from May–June 2012 after which we administered identical surveys to 518 households randomly chosen from the same region in September 2012. We compared responses pre- and post-OCV campaign. Post-vaccination, there was improved knowledge with significant increase in percentage of respondents with ≥3 correct responses on cholera transmission mechanisms (odds ratio[OR] 1.91; 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.52–2.40), preventive methods (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.46–2.30), and water treatment modalities (OR 2.75; 95% CI 2.16–3.50). Relative to pre-vaccination, participants were more likely post-OCV to report always treating water (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.28–2.05). Respondents were also more likely to report hand washing with soap and water >4 times daily post-vaccine (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.03–1.64). Knowledge of treating water as a cholera prevention measure was associated with practice of always treating water (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14–1.89). Post-vaccination, knowledge was associated with frequent hand washing (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.35–4.51). Conclusion An OCV campaign in rural Haiti was associated with significant improvement in cholera knowledge and practices related to waterborne disease. OCV can be part of comprehensive cholera control and reinforce, not detract from, other control efforts in Haiti.
Resolution Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Images Using an Iterative Data Refinement Technique

Iterative Data Refinement (abbreviated IDR) is a general procedure which encompasses many special procedures for image reconstruction and for related problems. It is a procedure for estimating data that would have been collected by an idealized measuring device from data that were collected by an actual measuring device. Such approaches have been applied successfully in areas of reconstruction in x-ray tomographic radiology. In fact, IDR is general enough to encompass standard approaches to data recovery, such as the Error-Reduction and the Hybrid Input-Output methods. Along similar lines, IDR provides a common framework within which new algorithms can be developed for improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have applied and implemented the approach of IDR to a specific problem in MRI, namely to the correction of spatially-dependent blurs due to short local transverse relaxation (T2) values. The algorithm is designed to reconstruct T2-weighted spin density images with improved spatial resolution. The practical computational significance of using the IDR approach will be illustrated by the reconstruction of mathematical phantoms. We have found that over-relaxation of the algorithm improves computational speed by up to a factor of five.
Using geographic information systems to assess potential biofuel crop production on urban marginal lands

Abstract To meet rising energy demands in a sustainable manner, the United States Renewable Fuel Standard 2 (RFS2) mandates the production of 3.78 billion L (1 billion gallons) of biomass-based biodiesel per year by 2020. Urban marginal lands, herein defined as lots with poor agricultural potential and unfit for residential purposes, can be used to cultivate biodiesel feedstock, which can contribute toward the RFS2. GIS is particularly well suited to identify the amount and location of these urban marginal lands. Biofuel crop production is one way for urban neighborhoods to reclaim vacant, blighted properties and also generate green energy for consumption. Combining soil classification data with urban development data, a GIS framework was developed to determine the amount of urban marginal land available in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This location was chosen because small-scale sunflower crops are already being grown on urban marginal lands for biodiesel production. This paper evaluates two methods for identifying marginal lands for biofuel cultivation. The first is based on NRCS soil classifications derived from previous literature approaches. When compared with the locations of a nonprofit that is actually cultivating marginal lands, the NRCS soil classification method captures less than 35% of the marginal lands being cultivated in Pittsburgh, and 2400 ha (6000 acres) of marginal land in total that could be used to grow sunflowers for biodiesel production. We modify the NRCS marginal soil classification method to include certain types of urban commercial lands and lands not currently classified as marginal, and create a framework that identifies almost 90% of the marginal lands currently under cultivation in Pittsburgh, with approximately 3500 ha (8700 acres) of available marginal lands. Pittsburgh’s marginal lands could be used to produce up to 129,000 L (34,100 gallons) of sunflower-based biodiesel. This could contribute a maximum of 0.1% to Pennsylvania’s biofuel mandate and 0.003% to the RFS2. While a city’s individual contribution may be incremental on the national scale, multiple cities and regions may be able to contribute to the RFS2. In addition, there is an unquantified social benefit that results from community engagement and revitalization, which is part of the mission of the Pittsburgh nonprofit.
In-situ Multilayer Film Growth Characterization by Brewster Angle Reflectance Differential Spectroscopy

Brewster Angle Reflectance Differential Spectroscopy (BARDS) has been proposed as an optical method for real-time characterization of the growth of thin films. BARDS is based on changes in the reflectivity, Rp, of parallel (p)-polarized light incident at, or near, the Brewster angle of the substrate material. Changes in R are sufficiently large to monitor layer growth, and to determine the thickness and the optical constants of the deposited film. In this paper we extend the method to multilayer film deposition. The derivative properties of R are correlated with differences in the optical constants of the two materials, and with the sharpness of their interface. We present spectra for SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2/Si, demonstrating some of these aspects of this new and effective approach to in-situ monitoring.
Adam Smith in His Time and Ours: Designing the Decent Society

Introduction: Back to Adam?1Pt. IAdam Smith in His Time1Cosmopolitan Provincial: Smith's Life and Social Milieu152Gentlemen, Consumers, and the Fiscal-Military State283Self-Love and Self-Command: The Intellectual Origins of Smith's Civilizing Project39Pt. IIDesigning the Decent Society4The Market: From Self-Love to Universal Opulence635The Legislator and the Merchant776Social Science as the Anticipation of the Unanticipated847Commercial Humanism: Smith's Civilizing Project938"The Impartial Spectator"1009The Historical and Institutional Foundations of Commercial Society11310The Moral Balance Sheet of Commercial Society13111The Visible Hand of the State14012Applied Policy Analysis: Smith's Sociology of Religion15413"A Small Party": Moral and Political Leadership in Commercial Society164Pt. IIIFrom Smith's Time to Ours14Critics, Friendly and Unfriendly17715Some Unanticipated Consequences of Smith's Rhetoric18516The Timeless and the Timely194Notes206Guide to Further Reading240Acknowledgments262Index265
Corticotropin-releasing factor: innocent until proven guilty

, but also implied that the underlying ligand must be!CRF.This example illustrates a broader prob-lem in the literature. Our analysis of the most recent 120 items retrieved by a PubMed search for CRF (or CRH) system involvement in alcoholism or addiction (excluding articles that focused solely on the hypothalamic–pitu-itary–adrenal axis) found that only 34.7% of these articles acknowledged UCN peptides. Furthermore, 53.3% of these articles implied a role for CRF without providing evidence against a role for!UCNs.We also identified several cases in which authors applied a ligand exogenously and inferred that the same ligand must medi-ate the effect endogenously. For example, the 2002 study discussed above found that intra-MRN CRF infusions reinstated alco-hol-seeking, and the authors inferred that this mechanism mediated alcohol-seeking endogenously
An algorithm to generate tournament score sequences

A tournament on n vertices is a directed graph obtained by orienting the edges of K"n, the complete graph on n vertices. The score sequence of a tournament is the sequence of out-degrees of its vertices. There is a well-known criterion due to Havel and Hakimi that checks whether or not a given sequence of integers is the score sequence of a graph. This article presents an algorithm based on the Havel-Hakimi criterion that generates score sequences of all tournaments up to a given size.
DISCORDANT ABNORMALITIES IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS.

Congenital abnormalities are more often seen in monozygotic twins, especially with a monochorionic placenta, than in dizygotic twins. Although abnormalities are more frequently concordant in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, discordance for the abnormalities among the former is strikingly frequent. Among 24 consecutive pairs of monochorionic (i.e., monozygotic) twins, five sets were discordant for various phenotypic traits. During the same period, among 79 pairs of dichorial twins, an abnormality was noted in only one pair, and this was discordant. The twin method has not been extensively applied to the study of the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of congenital disease. Its use in such studies is described and the various factors which may account for intrapair differences in isogenic individuals are discussed.
Soil removal in relation to total work input; a calorimetric approach for model wash systems

A simple, straightforward method, utilizing the concepts of classical adiabatic calorimetry, for direct measurement of total energy delivery to bench scale clothes washing systems is described. The results of such measurements can be expressed in conventional work units such as calories per unit weight or per unit area of fabric. Using this method, total energy input is measured and related to soil removal in model wash systems using a standard cotton soil cloth. The relationship between energy input and soil removal is considered for a number of situations involving variations in stroke rate, load weight and detergent concentration. Finally, these results are used to develop a modified definition of detergency which places the emphasis on the efficiency of mechanical energy utilization in a soil removal process.
A Low Q Electrically Small Magnetic (TE Mode) Dipole

Electrically small antennas can be made to exhibit omnidirectional, dipole-like radiation patterns when operating in the transverse magnetic (electric dipole) mode, the transverse electric (magnetic dipole) mode or some combination of transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) mode radiation. When designing electrically small antennas whose performance properties closely approach theoretical limits, engineers generally focus on the design of electric dipoles or TM mode radiators. These radiators can be designed to exhibit low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), high radiation efficiency, and a low quality factor. TM mode radiators also have the advantage of a straightforward transition from the dipole to the monopole configuration for use over metallic ground planes or surfaces. Following our previous work in the design of small electric dipoles, we present the design of a new, electrically small magnetic dipole or TE mode radiator. This new design is shown to exhibit low VSWR, high radiation efficiency, and a low quality factor. We show that the quality factor of the magnetic dipole radiator approaches the lower bound (the Chu-limit) to within a ratio consistent with recent limits presented by Thal.
You May Have Worked on More Adaptive Designs Than You Think

According to the clinicaltrials.gov (accessed March 29, 2014), there are >1500 open clinical trials in the field of stroke. During the design of a clinical trial, several important design decisions must be made. Although study success depends on their accuracy, there may be limited information to guide the decisions. Adaptive designs address this uncertainty by allowing a review of accumulating data during an ongoing trial, and modifying trial characteristics accordingly if the interim information suggests that some of the original decisions may not be valid. Correspondingly, adaptive designs have received a great deal of recent attention in the statistical, pharmaceutical, and regulatory fields. However, it is well known that implementing many of the proposed adaptations will require the clinical trials community to address several statistical, logistical, and operational hurdles.1,2 For that reason, although some recent stroke trials have used adaptive methods, it may appear on first glance that adaptive designs are not being widely used. Yet, nearly all current stroke trials use group sequential methodology (interim monitoring) to some extent. Many researchers might think that these group sequential methods are a separate concept from adaptive designs. However, there is a close connection between the 2. I give a brief description of each of these methods and explain how these 2 statistical approaches are related. Having a periodic review of interim efficacy and safety data by an oversight group has become an integral part of modern clinical trials. For the purposes of this article, we will refer to these groups of individuals as a Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). However, other terms are also used to describe these groups (Data Monitoring Committees, Data Safety Monitoring Committees, etc). The decision to stop a trial early for efficacy (interim data suggest a clear difference between groups) or futility (interim …
Cascade of distributed and cooperating firewalls in a secure data network

Security issues are critical in networked information systems, e.g., with financial information, corporate proprietary information, contractual and legal information, human resource data, medical records, etc. The paper addresses such diversity of security needs among the different information and resources connected over a secure data network. Installation of firewalls across the data network is a popular approach to providing a secure data network. However, single, individual firewalls may not provide adequate security protection to meet the users needs. The cost of super firewalls, design flaws, as well as implementation inappropriateness with such firewalls may retain security loopholes. The idea proposed is to introduce a cascade of (potentially simpler and less expensive) firewalls in the secure data network, where, between the attacker node and the attacked node, multiple firewalls are expected to provide an added degree of protection. This approach, broadly following the theme of redundancy in engineering systems' design, will increase the confidence and provide more completeness in the level of security protection by the firewalls. The cascade of (i.e., multiple) firewalls can be placed across the secure data network in many ways, not all of which are equally attractive from cost and end-to-end delay perspectives. Toward this, we present heuristics for placement of these firewalls across the different nodes and links of the network in a way that different users can have the level of security they individually need, without having to pay added hardware costs or excess network delay. Three metrics are proposed to evaluate these heuristics: cost, delay, and reduction of attacker's traffic. Performance of these heuristics is presented using simulation, along with some early analytical results. Our research also extends the firewall technology into the well-known advantages of distributed firewalls. Furthermore, the distributed firewalls can be designed to cooperate and stop an attacker's traffic closest to the attack point, thereby reducing the amount of hacker's traffic into the network.
Use of Mechanical Ventilation and Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment option for both malignant and nonmalignant disorders. HSCT patients remain at high risk for multiorgan failure, with previous studies noting mortality rates exceeding 90% when mechanical ventilation (MV) is required. We propose that advancements in critical care management and HSCT practices have improved these dismal outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of admissions to our bone marrow transplant unit between 2006 and 2010. All HSCT recipients requiring admission to the bone marrow transplant unit who received MV or renal replacement therapy (RRT) were evaluated. A total of 68 patients required MV. Twenty patients required RRT, all of whom required MV. Fifty-nine of the 68 ventilated patients died, for an overall mortality rate of 86.8%. The presence of renal failure and concomitant respiratory or liver dysfunction at the time of intubation was associated with a mortality rate of 100%. High mortality persists in our HSCT population requiring artificial support despite overall advances in critical care and HSCT practices. Critical care triage and management decisions in this high-risk population remain challenging.
A stacked Cascode CMOS SOI power amplifier for mm-wave applications

A millimeter-wave power amplifier (PA) implemented in a commercial 45nm CMOS SOI technology is presented. The PA design is based on stacking of two dynamically-biased Cascode transistor cells where drain-source voltages of individual transistors are added constructively to increase the output power. The PA output impedance is the sum of the output impedances of the two Cascode cells and is optimized to match to a 50 Ω load. At the operating frequency of 50 GHz and under a power supply of 4 V, the PA provides a saturated output power P SAT of 19 dBm (~80 mW), a -1dB output compression point (P 1dB ) of 16.3 dBm and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) and drain efficiency (DE) of 28% and 40%, respectively.
Relational Aggression in Women during Emerging Adulthood: A Social Process Model.

Two studies investigated potential mediators of the association between relational victimization and relational aggression. Self-report measures of aggressive behavior among peers, exclusivity, hostile attribution biases, and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms were collected. In study 1, participants were 180 female emerging adults (M = 18.82, SD = 1.18). Both exclusivity and hostile attribution biases for relational provocations were found to partially mediate the association between relational victimization and relational aggression. In study 2, participants were 54 female emerging adults (M = 19.16, SD = 1.11). Symptoms of BPD were not found to mediate the association between relational victimization and relational aggression, yet unique associations with relational aggression were observed. The results add to recent research guided by a social process model in which links between victimization and aggression are more clearly understood. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Robotic Transrectal Ultrasonography During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Abstract We evaluate the use of robotically manipulated transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for real-time monitoring of prostate and periprostatic anatomy during robot-assisted prostatectomy (RAP). Ten patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer undergoing RAP underwent preoperative and real-time intraoperative biplanar TRUS evaluation using a robotically manipulated TRUS device (ViKY System; EndoControl Medical, Grenoble, France). Median patient age was 66 yr (range: 54–88), baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 5.3 (range: 1.3–17.9), and four patients (40%) had clinical high-grade and high-stage disease. Bilateral or unilateral nerve sparing was performed in nine patients (90%). Median time for ViKY System setup to insertion of the TRUS probe was 7min (range: 4–12). Complete robotic TRUS evaluation was successful in all patients. Five patients (50%) had TRUS-visible hypoechoic lesions, confirmed cancerous on preoperative biopsy. Relevant intraoperative TRUS findings were relayed in real time to the robotic surgeon, particularly during dissection of the bladder neck and prostatic apex, during neurovascular bundle preservation, and when hypoechoic prostate lesions approximated nerve-preserving dissection. Negative margins were achieved in nine patients (90%), including cases where significant intraprostatic lesions abutted or extended through the prostate capsule. No complications occurred. We concluded that real-time robotic TRUS guidance during RAP is feasible and safe. Robotic TRUS can provide the console surgeon with valuable anatomic information, thus maximizing functional preservation and oncologic success.
Acquired hemophilia as the cause of life-threatening hemorrhage in a 94-year-old man: a case report

Introduction: Acquired factor VIII deficiency is a rare entity that can lead to severe and life-threatening bleeding. We describe a case of severe bleeding from the tongue secondary to acquired hemophilia and discuss treatment options, including aminocaproic acid and recombinant factor VIII, which have not been widely reported in the literature for the management of such patients. Case presentation: A 94-year-old Caucasian man presented to our institution with diffuse bruising and extensive bleeding from the tongue secondary to mechanical trauma. He had no prior history of bleeding and his medical history was unremarkable except for dementia and hypertension. Coagulation studies revealed a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and a mixing study was consistent with the presence of an inhibitor. Quantitative assays revealed a reduced level of factor VIII activity (1%) and the presence of a factor VIII inhibitor, measured at seven Bethesda units, in the serum. Oral prednisone therapy (60mg/day) was given. He also received intravenous aminocaproic acid and human concentrate of factor VIII (Humate-P) and topical anti-thrombolytic agents (100 units of topical thrombin cream). His hospital course was prolonged because of persistent bleeding and the development of profuse melena. He required eight units of packed red blood cells for transfusion. Hospitalization was also complicated by bradycardia of unclear etiology, which started after infusion of aminocaproic acid. His activated partial thromboplastin time gradually normalized. He was discharged to a rehabilitation facility three weeks later with improving symptoms, stable hematocrit and resolving bruises. Conclusions: Clinicians should suspect a diagnosis of acquired hemophilia in older patients with unexplained persistent and profound bleeding from uncommon soft tissues, including the tongue. Use of factor VIII (Humate-P) and aminocaproic acid can be useful in this coagulopathy but clinicians should be aware of possible lifethreatening side effects in older patients, including bradycardia.
On a class of non-dissipative materials that are not hyperelastic

The purpose of this brief note is to develop fully Eulerian, implicit constitutive equations for the mechanical response of a class of materials that do not dissipate mechanical work in any process. We show that such materials can be modelled by obtaining a form for the Helmholtz potential as a function of the current mass density, the Cauchy stress and certain other parameters that capture anisotropic response. The resulting constitutive equations are of the form ![Graphic][1] , where ![Graphic][2] and ![Graphic][3] are functions of the state variables of the system. The class of materials that can be obtained from such a constitutive relation is considerably more general than conventional Green-elastic hyperelastic materials. Such response functions may be suitable for the modelling of biological tissue where, due to the constant remodelling that takes place, there may be no physical meaning to a ‘reference configuration’. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment of intra‐articular insertional injuries of the suspensory ligament branches in 18 horses

Summary Reasons for performing study: Clinical association between the branches of insertion of the suspensory ligament (SL) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints has been reported. However, there has been no assessment of the lengths of the SL branches which are subsynovial with respect to the joints or reports of involvement of the MCP/MTP joints in injuries of the SL branches. Objectives: To establish proportions of SL branches subsynovial with respect to the MCP/MTP joints and report clinical and arthroscopic findings in horses with desmitis of SL branches identified as having an articular component to the lesion. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic surgery enables identification and potential treatment of intra-articular injuries of SL branches. Methods: Twelve forelimbs and 13 hindlimbs were dissected and the total and subsynovial lengths of the SL branches recorded. Case records of horses with intra-articular injuries of the SL branches were reviewed and 18 animals identified. Diagnostic information and arthroscopic findings were recorded and results of treatment determined by telephone follow-up. Results: Of SL branches, 28.45% in the forelimb and 29.56% in the hindlimb were subsynovial to the MCP and MTP joints. All animals with intra-articular lesions of the SL branch were lame and had distension of the affected MCP/MTP joint. In 16 horses (17/22 branches), there was palpable thickening of the affected SL branch. Disrupted infrastructure was evident ultrasonographically in 15/17 branches and involvement of the dorsal articular surface of the ligament was predicted in 12/17 branches. Following arthroscopic intervention, 13 horses returned to work at a level equal to or greater than that achieved prior to injury and 2 returned to work at a lower level. Three horses incurred separate injuries and were retired or subjected to euthanasia. Conclusions: Articular involvement should be considered in animals with injuries of an SL branch and concurrent distension of the MCP/MTP joint. Arthroscopy is necessary to identify such lesions confidently and to direct case management. Potential relevance: Arthroscopy of the MCP/MTP joints can make a positive contribution to the assessment and management of some SL branch injuries.
George E. Kimball

The first group ofU.S. World War II (WWII) operations research (OR) analysts came from many organizations, especially universities. After the war, most analysts returned to their previous home bases and continued to work in their principal disciplines. A few, however, recognized that this new science of OR could be of value beyond its military applications; they were the first wave to introduce OR to industry and management. Chief among these OR pioneers was George E. Kimball, a chemist from Columbia University. He was a key player in the first industrial OR consulting firm and in the founding of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA); he was president of ORSA in 1964. In recognition of his influential contributions, ORSA established in 1974 the George E. Kimball Medal awarded to society members for distinguished service to the society and the profession.
Streptavidin-biotinylated IgG conjugates: a simple procedure for reducing polymer formation

Disulfide links of the IgG2ak anti-ovarian carcinoma antibody, 5G6.4, were site-specifically biotinylated [approximately 2 biotins/IgG2a] using a novel crosslinking procedure using the biotin derivatized ETAC (equilibrium transfer alkylation crosslink reagent) 1a. Complexation of ETAC 1a biotinylated 5G6.4 on a column of immobilized protein A at high dilution, followed by passage of [125I]streptavidin, washing and pH change leads to elution of a streptavidin-free product with a molecular mass in the 200-300 kDa range. By contrast, direct mixing with [125I]streptavidin rapidly gave larger oligomers of much greater than 669 and approximately 440-669 kDa molecular mass, respectively. The biodistribution of the 200-300 kDa complex showed significantly diminished liver, kidney and spleen uptake as well as higher blood activity than the 440-669 kDa complex. The methodology represent the first application of ETAC chemistry to disulfide-bond directed biotinylation of antibodies and the synthesis of streptavidin antibody conjugates which minimizes their polymerization.
Analysis of a Recent Hypothesis of Plasma Flow in Pericapillary Spaces

Hydrodynamics of plasma flow in pericapillary spaces, postulating fluid annulus outside capillary wall as plasma reservoir responsible for hematocrit ratios
Epistemic Circularity: Malignant and Benign*

mology conference held in 2003. 1 You might think that by using a lie detector, you can come to trust a doubted witness on the basis of that witness’s testimony on his own behalf. But that is a case where you have testimony from another source confirming that person’s testimony. The other source is that person’s heart rate, etc. which is monitored by the lie detector and which can either confirm or disconfirm claims made by that person. Likewise, some people think that they can look a person in the eye and tell whether that person is lying. What’s happening in such cases is similar to what happens when using a lie detector. The listener is using another source (body language, eye appearance) to confirm or disconfirm the witness’s claim that he is trustworthy.
Developmental effects of testosterone on behavior in male and female green anoles (Anolis carolinensis).

This study addressed the role of testosterone (T) in the development of sexually dimorphic behavior in the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. We documented the pattern of endogenous T concentrations during ontogeny and we determined the behavioral effects of experimentally elevated T in juvenile males and females. T concentrations were measured in the plasma of hatchlings from eggs incubated in the laboratory, in juveniles of all sizes sampled in the field, and in the yolks of freshly laid eggs in the laboratory and were compared to plasma T in adult females (measured in this study) and adult males. There were no sex differences in plasma T in hatchling and small juvenile ( 25-mm SVL), and it became significantly higher after approximately 38 days posthatching (>30-mm SVL). Plasma T for juvenile males was within the range detected in breeding adult females, but it was 20- to 45-fold lower than that of adult males, breeding or postbreeding. All eggs contained detectable yolk T, but eggs that gave rise to males contained nearly twice as much yolk T as those that gave rise to females. We do not know whether this yolk T comes from the mother, embryo, or both. In behavior trials conducted in the laboratory, juveniles (36- to 42-mm SVL) with T implants, regardless of whether they were male or female, had increased activity levels compared to juveniles with blank implants, due to increased rates of nearly every behavior monitored. These results are discussed in the context of the organization-activation theory of sexual differentiation and the particular life history of A. carolinensis.
Cytokines and the early vein graft: Strategies to enhance durability

This brief review focuses on experimental studies linking the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α to accelerated vein graft failure in the broader historical context of vein graft research. From some perspectives, the field appears ripe for transfer of cytokine knowledge and therapeutic approaches that have evolved in other systems to vascular surgery problems. However, the complexity of vein graft disease suggests that more robust research approaches, such as broadening of the scope beyond focus on single mediators and neointimal hyperplasia, will be necessary to reach translatable strategies to prolong human vein graft durability.
Global Apartheid, Environmental Degradation, And Women's Activism For Sustainable Well-Being: A Conceptual And Theoretical Overview

This essay offers a conceptual and theoretical overview of perspectives held by feminist researchers and other critical social analysts on the economic and ecological crises that are intensifying under the neoliberal restructuring of global capitalism. The most problematic effects of globalization are engendering gross disparities in wealth, health, and life expectancy that disproportionately compromise the well-being of women and the families and communities that depend on their knowledge and labor. The parameters for a feminist political ecology are provided along with an examination of the forms of scattered resistance and transnational activism emerging in response to global apartheid.
Who’s at Risk in School and What’s Race Got to Do With It?:

is at risk in school, and what does race have to do with it? In responding to the first part of this question, researchers have relied extensively on quantitative analyses. Historically, such studies have either calculated the "likelihood" of poor educational outcomes (e.g., dropping out of high school and/or course failure) for different demographic categories or documented the underperformance of one demographic category compared to another on a host of academic measures, including grade point average (GPA), high school completion, and, most often, performance on standardized achievement tests. In empirical analyses of this kind, race has often been reduced to a variable, and study after study has demonstrated its reliable and robust correlation with indices of educational achievement and attainment (e.g., Baker, 2001; Fryer & Levitt, 2006; Hedges & Nowell, 1999; Jones, 1988-1989; J. Lee, 2002; Patterson, Kupersmidt, & Vaden, 1990; for a detailed discussion regarding the use of race as a variable, also see O'Connor, Lewis, & Mueller, 2007). Within the discourse of risk, findings from these analyses have been interpreted as "evidence" that particular racial groups are more susceptible to negative or maladaptive educational outcomes than others. Conclusions drawn from these findings also suggest that we can "predict" the chances for academic failure or underachievement based on one's racial group membership (see Natriello, McDill, & Pallas, 1990). Studies of the extent to which race correlates with educational outcomes and elucidates achievement gaps predate the discourse on risk (which was founded in epidemiological studies). However, the publication of A Nation at Risk (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983) shepherded the notion of risk and