cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case-based teaching in homogeneous teacher education contexts: a study of preservice teachers’ situative cognition

Abstract Following the work on case-based pedagogy and on situative cognition, the purpose of this study was to examine how situative knowledge, as embedded in preservice teachers’ prior experiences and as embedded in a dilemma-based case, influenced preservice teachers’ analyses of the case-as-written. Twenty-three preservice teachers ranging in age from 23 to 47 participated in the study. Using a microethnographic approach, the study focused on preservice teachers’ discussion of a single case. An analysis was conducted on preservice teachers’ pre- and postdiscussion writings about the case, and on their during-discussion dialogue. Results of the study revealed that the preservice teachers’ homogeneous thinking limited the extent to which these preservice teachers could reflect critically on the case and limited their potential to make reasoned decisions based upon alternative or novel solutions. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
The effects of rotational platform training on balance and ADLs

Patients with vestibular dysfunction complain of postural instability and disorientation long after the central compensation is thought to be complete. Previously it has been demonstrated that patients with unilateral vestibular loss who orient more to vertical have better perceived functional status. We proposed that performing balance training with surface perturbations at velocities that target the vestibular system would lead to increased reliance on vestibular information, and therefore improve function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients who train using repetitive platform perturbations at these vestibular dependent velocities demonstrate improved postural stability and greater functional abilities than patients who perform traditional balance therapy. Twelve subjects with chronic vestibular and balance dysfunction (age 58 ± 15 years; 3 males, 8 females) and 4 healthy control subjects (age 62 ± 23 years; 4 females) participated. Patients were randomized into 3 groups: clinical balance training (CBT n=3) and training with ramp platform perturbations (4 deg amplitude) either at vestibular (1, 2, 4 deg/sec; VESTIB n=6) or at non-vestibular velocities (0.5, 8, 16 deg/sec; Non-VESTIB n=3). The healthy control subjects completed training at vestibular velocities. Subjects' kinematic and kinetic responses to ramp rotational platform perturbations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 deg/sec at 6 deg amplitude), and scores on the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Vestibular Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL) and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) were compared before and after the 2 week, 3x/week training sessions. Control subjects demonstrated minimal change in orientation to vertical during platform rotations following training. The VESTIB group demonstrated greater improvements in orientation to vertical during ramp perturbations following training than the Non-VESTIB or CBT groups. Both the CBT and VESTIB groups demonstrated improvements on a composite clinical score incorporating the ABC, DHI, VADL, and FGA following training whereas the Non-VESTIB group did not demonstrate improvement. These preliminary results indicate that training using platform rotations may be an effective intervention for improving postural control following vestibular loss. Further research is needed to explore the efficacy of incorporating rotational platform training with clinical balance training.
Some possible new sound and NMR experiments in 3He-B and common approach to their theoretical description

Abstract Within the common approach to the description of the sound and NMR experiments in superfluid 3 He, developed by Brusov earlier, on the basis of some theoretical results of Brusov and Popov, some new sound and NMR experiments in superfluid 3 He are suggested. The sizes of the effects are estimated and comparison with the experimental accuracy is made. A new possibility for the search of 2D superfluidity in 3 He films is discussed.
Retrieval of P–T information from shear zones: thermobarometric consequences of changes in plagioclase deformation mechanisms

Changes in deformation mechanism coupled with spatial and temporal variations in reaction rates can result in preservation of disequilibrium mineral compositions in rocks affected by synmetamorphic shearing. Thermobarometric calculations on such rocks may thus yield meaningless results. We use Garbenschiefer samples from a shear zone in the Eastern Alps to study the effects of different deformational processes on calculated pressures and temperatures in samples that experienced the same overall PTt history. We focus on plagioclase, which accommodates strain by a variety of deformation mechanisms and is a key mineral in many thermobarometers. Plagioclase that deformed largely via dislocation creep mechanisms shows concentric chemical zoning, whereas plagioclase that experienced dissolution-precipitation creep preserves complex zoning. Rim compositions in the latter domains are not necessarily the youngest compositions, nor did they typically equilibrate with other phases in the assemblage. The timing of hornblende breakdown reactions relative to changes in plagioclase deformation mechanism also affected chemical zoning. Samples that escaped shear strain while near the thermal maximum yield internally consistent thermobarometric results, whereas samples that experienced shearing near the thermal maximum yield scattered results. Some of the variability in the results likely represents real differences in the P–T conditions at which equilibration occurred during deformation. However, much of the variability represents spurious results obtained by pairing mineral compositions that were never in equilibrium with one another. Extraction of useful P–T information from samples that experienced synmetamorphic deformation requires careful documentation of the relationships between deformation mechanisms and chemical zoning in order to select appropriate mineral compositions for thermobarometric calculations.
Detectors For The 1.1-1.6 μm Wavelength Region

The current state of the art of photodetectors, both PIN and avalanche, for 1.1-1.6μm operation is reviewed. The devices are compared as components of optical receivers using several different types of amplifiers. GaInAsP/InP PIN and APD detectors are shown to be clearly superior to Ge devices with respect to dark current and other sources of noise. Receivers with performance within a few dB of the quantum limit appear to be possible with current technology.
The use of hypnosis to facilitate conditioned relaxation responses: A report of three cases

Abstract These cases are presented in which hypnotic procedure was used to facilitate the substitution of relaxation for tension responses which had led to headaches in one case, drug taking in another, and insomnia in a third. The procedure provides conditions for vivid rehearsal along with strong suggestion for the initiation of the new response pattern.
Mapping patient treatment profiles and electronic medical records to a clinical guideline for use in patient care

Clinical guidelines reflect expert determined protocols for use in patient diagnosis and treatment. But these guidelines remain largely under used due to multiple reasons, including a lack of patient specific information, and for lack of integration with the clinician's workflow. Here we implement a novel approach to show the use of a guideline as a reference map to present a visual overview of the patient's treatment profile. We also demonstrate the use of the reference map approach to present electronic medical record data in the context of a comparative patient population. Further, we show the utility of this approach for integration within the clinician's workflow to facilitate their decision making process at the point of care.
Alliance Formation Motives: A Comparison of International Perspectives

Establishing and maintaining successful alliances is an increasingly attractive, yet difficult strategic option for most firms in today's business environment. One component of the alliance process that has recently received considerable attention concerns the motivations of a firm and its potential partner to establish an alliance. This paper examines and compares alliance motives at three channel levels (manufacturer, distributor and logistical service supplier) and across three geographic trading regions (North America, Europe and the Pacific Basin). The managerial implications of the results are discussed with particular regard to developing and sustaining successful cooperative supply chain relationships.
Discovering Core Profile Types in the School-Age Standardization Sample of the Differential Ability Scales:

The ability profiles most representative of the school-age norm group for the Differential Ability Scales (DAS; Elliot, 1990a), an individually administered test of cognitive skills, are identified and described. The cognitive subtest profiles of the 2,400 children aged 6 to 17 years who comprise the DAS national sample were sorted based on their level, shape, and dispersion using multistage hierarchical cluster analyses with independent replications. Seven core profile types were discovered that adequately met established heuristic and statistical criteria, including acceptable internal cohesion, external isolation, replicability, short-term stability, and full coverage of the sample. Each profile type was described in terms of prevalence and constituent children's characteristics (i.e., overall differential ability, academic achievement, and distinguishing prevalence trends for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parent education). Discussion showed how the typology provides clinicians and researchers with th...
Emergence of surface states in nanoscale Cu 2 N islands

We studied electronic states in nanoscale Cu${}_{2}$N islands on Cu(100) using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. Tunneling spectra indicate a state at \ensuremath{\sim}2 V in large islands ($g$20 nm${}^{2}$), which shifts due to quantum confinement in smaller islands. This state is not observed for islands with fewer than \ensuremath{\sim}50 atoms. In contrast, a 4 V state persists down to 12 atom islands, but it does not shift within experimental error. Theory suggests that these differences reflect the different effective masses of the two Cu${}_{2}$N bands, as well as their coupling to a Cu surface state.
Studies on Entry and Egress of Poliomyelitis Infection. III. Excretion of the Virus during the Presymptomatic Period in Parenterally Inoculated Monkeys.

Excretion of poliomyelitis virus has been demonstrated in monkeys after four different parenteral routes of inoculation. Virus has been found in both the pharyngeal secretions and the stools after infraorbital nerve dip and after inoculation of the Gasserian ganglion; in the pharyngeal secretions after intrathalamic inoculation; and in the stools after inoculation of the celiac ganglion. Excretion began as early as the 2nd and as late as the 7th day after inoculation, in all instances before the onset of symptoms. The immediate source of the excreted virus appeared to be infected peripheral ganglia with neural connections to the mucous membranes of the upper and lower portions of the alimentary tract, notably the pharynx. Primary infection of the body surfaces was excluded in the experiments and therefore could not account for the excretion of virus. The mode of elimination was probably by centrifugal spread through axons of peripheral nerve fibers and not by way of the blood stream or lymphatics. Evidence was obtained that when excretion of virus has once occurred, reinvasion from the implicated surface to other, previously uninfected peripheral ganglia ensues, thus providing new sources for excretion and other potential pathways for invasion of the CNS. It is suggested that such reinvasion may occur serially until the immunological defenses come into play. Our experiments lend support to the view that during the initial stage of poliomyelitis, and perhaps throughout its course in some cases, e.g. the asymptomatic and the mild cases without central nervous symptoms, infection is confined to the peripheral nervous system. Involvement of the CNS when it occurs is a secondary phase of the infective process and is not a necessary prelude to elimination of the virus. Excretion is explainable on the basis of the established neurocytotropism and axonal conduction of the virus without resort to the hypothesis of extraneural infection.
Conformational space of α 1–4 glycosidic linkage: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract Molecular Dynamics simulations have been carried out for 100 ps on crystal structure of β-cyclodextrin in vacuo and with explicit inclusion of solvent at constant pressure and constant temperature using the GROMOS MD algorithm, with a time step of 0.005 ps. The conformational space of the glycosidic linkage was studied by calculating two virtual dihedrals connecting the successive glucose units for the 2000 structures saved during the two simulations. Three preferred regions for α 1–4 glycosidic linkage were found in both the simulations. The use of these virtual dihedral angles in representing the glycosidic linkage is also brought out from these studies.
Capital, rent-seeking, and risk taking in the casino industry and the economy at large1

In 2009, it had been 35 years since the First National Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking,2 along with the subsequent publication of Gambling and Society (Eadington, 1976) opened an era of incr...
Physical Appearance and Leadership: Exploring The Role of Appearance-Based Attribution in Leader Emergence

A study was performed to investigate the role of attribution processes in leader emergence. Photographs of the male and female leaders and nonleaders in a high school senior class were found to elicit different and appropriate attributions of leadership status and related personality traits from naive observers. In addition, separate groups of subjects rated the leaders as more attractive and more maturefaced than the nonleaders. These findings were taken as indicative of the potential importance of schema-based attributions in leader emergence and of the role of appearance cues in the attribution process. The findings have implications for leadership theory, for practical efforts to enhance leader effectiveness, and for research on the identification of personality traits from appearance.
Sex-Based Differences in Skeletal Muscle Kinetics and Fiber-Type Composition

Previous studies have identified over 3,000 genes that are differentially expressed in male and female skeletal muscle. Here, we review the sex-based differences in skeletal muscle fiber composition, myosin heavy chain expression, contractile function, and the regulation of these physiological differences by thyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone. The findings presented lay the basis for the continued work needed to fully understand the skeletal muscle differences between males and females.
Hydrographic Preconditioning for Seasonal Sea Ice Anomalies in the Labrador Sea

AbstractThis study investigates the hydrographic processes involved in setting the maximum wintertime sea ice (SI) extent in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay. The analysis is based on an ocean and sea ice state estimate covering the summer-to-summer 1996/97 annual cycle. The estimate is a synthesis of in situ and satellite hydrographic and ice data with a regional coupled ⅓° ocean–sea ice model. SI advective processes are first demonstrated to be required to reproduce the observed ice extent. With advection, the marginal ice zone (MIZ) location stabilizes where ice melt balances ice mass convergence, a quasi-equilibrium condition achieved via the convergence of warm subtropical-origin subsurface waters into the mixed layer seaward of the MIZ.An analysis of ocean surface buoyancy fluxes reveals a critical role of low-salinity upper ocean (100 m) anomalies for the advancement of SI seaward of the Arctic Water–Irminger Water Thermohaline Front. Anomalous low-salinity waters slow the rate of buoyancy loss–driv...
Enhancing Outcomes in Early Literacy for Young Children with Disabilities: Strategies for Success.

Emerging literacy has been defined as the “reading and writing knowledge and behavior of children who are not yet conventionally literate” (Justice & Kaderavek, 2002, p. 8). This article provides r...
Intraoperative Monitoring with Transesophageal Echocardiography: Indications, Risks, and Training

There are benefits and risks to the use of TEE. The benefits are derived from the physiologic information that TEE provides, which may not be as readily obtained by any other technique. The risks of TEE are those related to mechanical trauma from the probe, as well as those of an incorrect TEE interpretation by the echocardiographer. Intraoperative TEE is a powerful monitoring and diagnostic tool. Performance of TEE requires special skills. As has been discussed, training guidelines exist. As more clinical studies are published, the indications for intraoperative TEE are likely to expand. Class-I recommendations for intraoperative echocardiography have been listed. The authors have discussed some of the issues involved with each class-I indication. Performance of the TEE is not an end in itself and should not distract the anesthesiologist from the primary goal of patient care. With proper training and experience, the anesthesiologist may learn how to use TEE to improve patient care.
Monism and Intrinsicality

Central to the programme of sparse ontology is a hierarchical view of reality; the basic entities form the sparse structure of being, while the derivative entities form the abundant superstructure. Priority pluralism and priority monism are both theses of sparse ontology. Roughly speaking, the priority pluralist claims that wholes and their properties ontologically depend on parts and their properties, while the priority monist claims that it goes the other way around. In this paper I focus on Ted Sider's recent argument that priority monism is probably false because it is incompatible with our best account of intrinsicality. In response I propose an account of intrinsicality that is compatible with both priority monism and priority pluralism. I argue that the account, in addition to having the virtue of being neutral between priority monism and priority pluralism, is independently plausible.
Behavior Patterns of Learning Disabled and Non-Learning-Disabled Adolescents in High School Academic Classes:

The present study sought to describe the classroom behavior patterns of learning disabled adolescents in mainstream academic classes. The school survival skills of the 36 LD students in regular high school classes were measured through direct observation. These observational data were compared with data on emotionally disturbed students and a control sample of nonhandicapped students in the same mainstream classes. The LD students tended to come to class ill-equipped and attend to the lesson about 60% of the time. They followed teachers' procedural directions, but avoided giving information and seldom volunteered comments or questions. This characterization has been confirmed by other research studies. However, the current data suggest that this passive behavior may be quite normal for high school students in regular track academic classes. Moreover, in on-task behaviors, compliance to procedural requests, responses to informational requests, asking questions, and making unsolicited, content-appropriate c...
Blind identification of co-channel systems in the presence of input signals with different baud rates

An important problem in communication systems employing frequency reusage is the co-channel interference. We present an algorithm for the blind identification of the channel impulse responses in a co-channel interference model. It is assumed that the transmitters employ different baud rates which satisfy a certain condition. The proposed algorithm makes use of the cyclostationarity of the received signal.
Frontotemporal and motor neurone degeneration with neurofilament inclusion bodies: additional evidence for overlap between FTD and ALS

We present the case of a patient who had clinical frontal lobe dementia without apparent motor neurone disease (MND), with pathologic findings not typical of any single currently classified frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). At autopsy, the brain had frontal and temporal atrophy with neuronal loss, gliosis, and superficial spongiosis, typical of all FTDs. There were at least three different morphologic types of intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions in a variety of brain and brainstem regions, including the hippocampal dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurones, the neocortex (in particular, the motor cortex), basal ganglia, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, basis pontis, and inferior olivary nuclei. Inclusions had the morphologies of Pick-like bodies, pleomorphic inclusions, and hyaline conglomerate (HC)-like inclusions. None of these were positive with tau immunostains. Pick-like bodies in the dentate gyrus were labelled with ubiquitin. The pleomorphic inclusions in the neocortex and dentate gyrus and the HC-like inclusions in the motor and parietal cortex were strongly positive with immunostains for neurofilament. We discuss the differential diagnosis and compare this case with those disorders to which it is most similar. In particular, we compare the unique neurofilament-positive inclusions to the inclusions of FTD-MND, to Pick bodies, and to the basophilic and HC inclusions that are occasionally seen in amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although FTD-MND may be found in ALS, the findings in this case may have additional implications for a link between FTD and ALS.
Occupational therapy's dance with diversity

As the demographics of the United States continue to change and we become a more pluralistic society, the increased diversity of the occupational therapy workforce and our consumers calls for an examination of the profession's stance on multiculturalism and diversity. Using the metaphor of dance, this article identifies the dance partners as the organization's leaders and its members. A historical review of the profession from the 1940s to the present traces the partners' steps to determine which led the dance of diversity during the profession's development. In this review, I discovered that the period when the profession most effectively and productively explored issues of diversity was during the early- to mid-1990s--a time when the organization and its members worked in harmony. At that time, occupational therapy's dance with diversity flowed with rhythm and synchronicity.
Biochemical and High Throughput Microscopic Assessment of Fat Mass in Caenorhabditis Elegans

The nematode C. elegans has emerged as an important model for the study of conserved genetic pathways regulating fat metabolism as it relates to human obesity and its associated pathologies. Several previous methodologies developed for the visualization of C. elegans triglyceride-rich fat stores have proven to be erroneous, highlighting cellular compartments other than lipid droplets. Other methods require specialized equipment, are time-consuming, or yield inconsistent results. We introduce a rapid, reproducible, fixative-based Nile red staining method for the accurate and rapid detection of neutral lipid droplets in C. elegans. A short fixation step in 40% isopropanol makes animals completely permeable to Nile red, which is then used to stain animals. Spectral properties of this lipophilic dye allow it to strongly and selectively fluoresce in the yellow-green spectrum only when in a lipid-rich environment, but not in more polar environments. Thus, lipid droplets can be visualized on a fluorescent microscope equipped with simple GFP imaging capability after only a brief Nile red staining step in isopropanol. The speed, affordability, and reproducibility of this protocol make it ideally suited for high throughput screens. We also demonstrate a paired method for the biochemical determination of triglycerides and phospholipids using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry. This more rigorous protocol should be used as confirmation of results obtained from the Nile red microscopic lipid determination. We anticipate that these techniques will become new standards in the field of C. elegans metabolic research.
The Small Heat Shock Protein αB-crystallin Negatively Regulates Apoptosis during Myogenic Differentiation by Inhibiting Caspase-3 Activation

Myoblasts respond to growth factor deprivation either by differentiating into multinucleated myotubes or by undergoing apoptosis; hence, the acquisition of apoptosis resistance by myogenic precursors is essential for their development. Here we demonstrate that the expression of the small heat shock protein alpha B-crystallin is selectively induced in C2C12 myoblasts that are resistant to differentiation-induced apoptosis, and we show that this induction occurs at an early stage in their differentiation in vitro. In contrast, the expression of several known anti-apoptotic proteins (FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-x(L)) was not altered during myogenesis. We also demonstrate that ectopic expression of alpha B-crystallin, but not the closely related small heat shock protein Hsp27, renders C2C12 myoblasts resistant to differentiation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that the myopathy-causing R120G alpha B-crystallin mutant is partly impaired in its cytoprotective function, whereas a pseudophosphorylation alpha B-crystallin mutant that mimics stress-induced phosphorylation is completely devoid of anti-apoptotic activity. Finally, we demonstrate that alpha B-crystallin negatively regulates apoptosis during myogenesis by inhibiting the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, whereas the R120G and pseudophosphorylation mutants are defective in this function. Taken together, our findings indicate that alpha B-crystallin is a novel negative regulator of myogenic apoptosis that directly links the differentiation program to apoptosis resistance.
Patients with Suspected Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Rethinking an Initial Negative Polymerase Chain Reaction Result

A statewide encephalitis diagnostic project of the California State Department of Health Services found that herpes simplex virus 1 DNA may not be detectable by molecular methods early in the clinical course of herpes simplex encephalitis.
Monopole emission of sound by asymmetric bubble oscillations. Part 2. An initial-value problem

In Part 1 it was shown that an asymmetric, normal-mode bubble oscillation will emit monopole radiation at second order. Here we show that a general initial distortion of the bubble, with no initial volume change, can be resolved into normal modes each of which radiates independently. The zero-order ‘breathing mode’ is stimulated also.Because of the peculiar damping characteristics, and the possibility of a resonance between the distortion modes and the breathing mode, the pulse of sound produced by the initial distortion will appear to have approximately the fequency of the breathing mode.The conclusions are borne out in some detail by a comparison with the experiments of Fitzpatrick & Strasberg (1957) on the underwater sound generated by bubbles breaking away from a nozzle. A similar mechanism may contribute significantly to the generation of sound at the sea surface.
ERRγ target genes are poor prognostic factors in Tamoxifen-treated breast cancer

One-third of estrogen (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PGR+) breast tumors treated with Tamoxifen (TAM) do not respond to initial treatment, and the remaining 70% are at risk to relapse in the future. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG, ERRγ) is an orphan nuclear receptor with broad, structural similarities to classical ER that is widely implicated in the transcriptional regulation of energy homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that ERRγ induces resistance to TAM in ER+ breast cancer models, and that the receptor’s transcriptional activity is modified by activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. We hypothesize that hyper-activation or over-expression of ERRγ induces a pro-survival transcriptional program that impairs the ability of TAM to inhibit the growth of ER+ breast cancer. The goal of the present study is to determine whether ERRγ target genes are associated with reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in ER+ breast cancer treated with TAM. Raw gene expression data was obtained from 3 publicly available breast cancer clinical studies of women with ER+ breast cancer who received TAM as their sole endocrine therapy. ERRγ target genes were selected from 2 studies that published validated chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses of ERRγ promoter occupancy. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to determine the association of ERRγ target genes with DMFS, and selected genes were validated in ER+, MCF7 breast cancer cells that express exogenous ERRγ. Thirty-seven validated receptor target genes were statistically significantly altered in women who experienced a DM within 5 years, and could classify several independent studies into poor vs. good DMFS. Two genes (EEF1A2 and PPIF) could similarly separate ER+, TAM-treated breast tumors by DMFS, and their protein levels were measured in an ER+ breast cancer cell line model with exogenous ERRγ. Finally, expression of ERRγ and these two target genes are elevated in models of ER+ breast cancer with hyperactivation of ERK/MAPK. ERRγ signaling is associated with poor DMFS in ER+, TAM-treated breast cancer, and ESRRG, EEF1A2, and PPIF comprise a 3-gene signaling node that may contribute to TAM resistance in the context of an active ERK/MAPK pathway.
Design of dynamic control policies for stochastic processing networks via fluid models

In this paper we propose a methodology for the design of dynamic policies for scheduling multiclass queueing networks. First, given the solution to a fluid optimization problem, a discrete-review policy is described for translating the fluid optimal control policy into an implementable policy for the stochastic network. Such a policy has been proved to be stable and achieve asymptotically optimal performance under fluid scaling. Using this translation mechanism one can proceed in formulating a fluid optimal control problem which incorporates diverse design and performance specifications, as it is typical in realistic applications. Finally, a simple approximation algorithm for the value function of fluid optimal control problems for a general class of convex performance criteria is described.
Nimodipine potentiates the light-induced suppression of melatonin

In mammals the phase shifting response of the circadian clock to light can be enhanced by administration of the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine. In the present study we assessed the potential for nimodipine to affect the responsiveness of the human circadian clock to light by measuring the light-induced suppression of melatonin levels in plasma. Seven healthy young subjects (3M, 4F, 27.3 +/- 1.8 years old) were admitted on four occasions to the Clinical Research Center at Northwestern University Medical School. Blood was collected during the night to assess the effect of nimodipine (30 mg, orally, 01:30 h) on plasma melatonin levels in the presence or absence of light (500 lux, 2-3 am). Melatonin levels in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. Exposure to light for 1 h suppressed melatonin levels in plasma by nearly 38% relative to samples obtained at the same time in the absence of light (P = 0.013). Nimodipine administration did not modify plasma melatonin levels. However, combined treatment with nimodipine and light suppressed melatonin levels in plasma by 59%. Levels of plasma melatonin were significantly lower following treatment with nimodipine and light than following treatment with placebo/light (P = 0.014). Thus, the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine potentiated the suppressive effect of light on melatonin levels in plasma. These results suggest that the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine may also potentiate the response of the human circadian clock to light, and might thus be useful in combination with phototherapy for the treatment of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders.
CONSUMING REPRESENTATION : A visual approach to consumer research

The Kodak Hula Show-event, tourist site, product promotion, record albumserves as an example of the confluence between representation, consumption, photography, and identity. This souvenir album, with a beautiful color photograph of what must be the Kodak Hula Show on the front and specific instructions for performing a hula on the back, recorded in Hawaii according to the liner notes, documents a key component in a Hawaiian vacation-seeing a “hula show.” The cover captures the show in full swing, under swaying palm trees framed against a bright blue sky, complete with a few puffy white clouds. On what appears to be an impromptu stage-with a grass shack and a longboat canoe for a backdrop-musicians in bright Hawaiian dress play guitars for the stars of the show. Five women form one line of hula dancers, each wearing a full and flowing bright green “grass” skirt and two yellow flower leis that hang down past their waists.
Oral Norovirus Infection Is Blocked in Mice Lacking Peyer's Patches and Mature M Cells.

ABSTRACT A critical early step in murine norovirus (MNV) pathogenesis is crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target cells for replication, i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Our previous work showed that MNV replication decreases in the intestines of mice conditionally depleted of microfold (M) cells. To define the importance of Peyer9s patch (PP) M cells during MNV pathogenesis, we used a model of BALB/c mice deficient in recombination-activating gene 2 (Rag2) and the common gamma chain (γc) (Rag-γc −/− ), which lack gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), such as Peyer9s patches, and mature GP2 + M cells. Rag-γc −/− mice were infected intraperitoneally or perorally with MNV-1 or CR3 for 24 or 72 h. Although the intestinal laminae propriae of Rag-γc −/− mice have a higher frequency of certain MNV target cells (dendritic cells and macrophages) than those of wild-type mice and lack others (B cells), Rag-γc −/− and wild-type BALB/c mice showed relatively similar viral loads in the intestine following infection by the intraperitoneal route, which provides direct access to target cells. However, Rag-γc −/− mice were not productively infected with MNV by the oral route, in which virions must cross the intestinal epithelial barrier. These data are consistent with a model whereby PP M cells are the primary route by which MNV crosses the intestinal epithelia of BALB/c mice. IMPORTANCE Noroviruses (NoVs) are prevalent pathogens that infect their hosts via the intestine. Identifying key factors during the initial stages of virus infection in the host may provide novel points of intervention. Microfold (M) cells, antigen-sampling cells in the intestine, were previously shown to provide a gateway for murine NoV (MNV) into the host, but the relative importance of this uptake pathway remained unknown. Here we show that the absence of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), such as Peyer9s patches, which contain high numbers of mature M cells, renders BALB/c mice refractory to oral infection with MNV. These findings are consistent with the model that M cells represent the primary route by which MNV crosses the intestinal epithelial barrier and infects underlying immune cells during a productive infection.
Placing the Hyperbolic Geometry of Bolyai and Lobachevsky Centrally in Special Relativity Theory: An Idea Whose Time has Returned

We show that Einstein addition of relativistically admissible velocities is regulated by the hyperbolic geometry of Bolyai and Lobachevski just as Newtonian velocity addition is regulated by Euclidean geometry. Hence, the time to study special relativity in terms of its underlying hyperbolic geometry has returned.
Toward an Inclusive Populism? On the Role of Race and Difference in Laclau’s Politics

Does the recent success of Podemos and Syriza herald a new era of inclusive, egalitarian left populism? Because leaders of both parties are former students of Ernesto Laclau and cite his account of...
Investigation of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus isolated from sea food in Ningbo

Objective To study the distribution,serotype,toxic-gene and other features of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus separated from sea food in Ningbo,and to provide scientific evidence of preventing seafood-borne diseases caused by.V.Parahaemolyticus.Methods The bacteria were screened,separated by GB method and further determined by PCR.They were then grouped according to their sero-reactive trait.PFGE was used for genotype identification,while PCR for toxic gene detection and K-B for their susceptibility to antibiotics.Results A total of 1460(41.42%) Vibrio Parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 3525 pieces of sea food with the majority found in Xiangshan(73.72%) and Ninghai county(70.69%).There were big differences compared to those in other counties(p0.01).Ten serotypes were identified in this study,with the O∶6 and O∶5 were predominant.Almost all strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics except for ampicillin which 92.64% bacteria were resistant to.Only trh toxic gene was amplified by PCR with the detection rate of 1.11%.Overall 29 genotypes were identified by PFGE.Conclusions A certain amount of Sea food carries Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Ningbo which becomes one of the main sources of food-borne infectious diseases.This infection can be treated by commonly used antibiotics.Because most strains don′t harbor toxic genes,they are usually considered as non-pathogenic.
Spi-C Negatively Regulates Murine Eosinophil Differentiation

Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that normally comprise less than 5% of leukocytes in the blood, but can be found in higher numbers in tissues such as the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract. Eosinophilia is associated with numerous clinical disorders including atopic diseases, parasitic infections, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and cancer. Expression of Spi-C was originally reported to be limited to B cell and macrophage lineages, but we have reported that upregulation of Spi-C expression within the lung was dependent on the presence of eosinophils in an experimental chronic asthma model. In this study we investigated the role of Spi-C during eosinophil differentiation. At baseline, we observed increased numbers of bone marrow and splenic eosinophils in Spi-C-deficient (Spi-CKO) mice. Stimulation of low-density bone marrow (LDBM) cells with the eosinophil-promoting cytokine IL-5 resulted in 100-fold increase in Spi-C mRNA expression. Cultured Spi-CKO LDBM cells had an accelerated rate of eosinophil progenitor (EoP) differentiation which yielded higher numbers of eosinophils with increased effector functions, including enhanced chemotaxis, granule protein production and release compared to wild-type mice. In addition, induction of asthma resulted in amplified airway eosinophilia in Spi-CKO mice compared to wild-type controls. Together our data indicate that Spi-C negatively regulates eosinophil differentiation during homeostasis and disease. Defining the molecular regulators of eosinophil differentiation and function will undoubtedly provide key information with clinical applications. Disclosures: Rothenberg: Teva Pharmaceutical: Consultancy, Ownership Interest receiving Other; Immune Pharmaceutical: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Ownership Interest receiving, Ownership Interest receiving Other.
Quantum treatment of field propagation in an atomic medium

In the rigorous formulation of quantum optics, one often starts with the nonrelativistic minimal interaction Hamiltonian ĤAF for the atoms and field and derives a set of temporal equations of motion for the annihilation operators {bn(t)}. In many experiments, however, one needs to describe the spatial propagation of the electromagnetic field. Usually this is done by heuristically replacing the time variable t in {bn(t)} by the space variable zlvM. Because of this ad hoc way of obtaining spatial propagation, one cannot quite compare the results of traveling-wave quantum optic experiments with the fundamental quantum electrodynamic theory based on ĤAF.
Interpreting the Frames and the Conceptual Framework: A Visual Arts Teacher's Implementation of the New South Wales Visual Arts Syllabi Constructs Within Classroom Practice

The National Visual Arts Standards (NVAS) present ways for students in the United States to create, present, respond, and connect to the world of art and artmaking (State Education Agency Directors...
A CORPORATE LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON ACQUISITIONS AND INTEGRATION

Most research of post-acquisition integration examines integration of individual business units. The research pays less attention to corporate level integration processes, by which we mean the standardization of integration routines and synchronization of integration activities across a firm’s business units. We argue that corporate level acquisition activities and post-acquisition integration processes strongly influence long term corporate performance, particularly as a firm which comprises interdependent business units becomes geographically diffuse. Acquisitions tend to increase system diversity and goal diversity across business units. Some goal diversity is beneficial, but excessive goal diversity and the existence of system diversity can reduce long run corporate performance by requiring greater managerial effort and increasing the opportunity cost of managerial efforts. The negative effects become stronger as a firm becomes geographically diffuse or if business units are interdependent. Firms that employ active corporate level integration processes – particularly firms that acquire frequently and have interdependent business units – can enhance the benefits and eliminate some of the problems of diversity.
Religion, Law, and the Constitution

This book begins by recounting the history of American religious liberty, from its Lockean origins to the First Amendment to the present day. Drawing upon that history, it identifies a set of embedded and evolving constitutional values: religious voluntarism, respect for religious identity, religious equality, and freedom of religious speech, as well as broader structural values such as preserving tradition, protecting government from religion, and protecting religion from government. The book returns to these values time and again as it explores and evaluates the Supreme Court’s contemporary First Amendment doctrine under the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses, as well as its protection of religious speech under the Free Speech Clause. A separate chapter discusses other important sources of religious freedom, including the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) and the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA). In this SSRN paper, I reproduce the table of contents along with the introductory and concluding chapters of the book. In the concluding chapter, I highlight ongoing developments in the American religious landscape and explain how they might affect the future of religious liberty in the United States.
Economic Effects of Capital Imports

The title of this session is, on the face of it, almost coterminous with that of the entire conference.1 To attempt to say anything useful on a literal interpretation of this title, in the time allowed, seems impracticable. This paper, therefore, at the cost of being rather impressionistic, deals with a small number of fairly diverse issues whose only common characteristic is that they are all, at present, hotly debated in the developing countries. This is my justification for taking them up. There was unfortunately no time even to attempt the quantification of my conclusions.
Six-Month Results of the NEVO RES-ELUTION I (NEVO RES-I) Trial A Randomized, Multicenter Comparison of the NEVO Sirolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent With the TAXUS Liberté Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions

Background—Drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis and reintervention rates but are complicated by stent thrombosis, which may be related to polymer coating. The NEVO sirolimus-eluting coronary stent (NEVO SES) is designed to improve long-term percutaneous coronary intervention safety by combining sirolimus release from reservoirs with bioabsorbable polymer to reduce spatial and temporal polymer exposure. Methods and Results—NEVO ResElution-I was a prospective randomized study in 394 patients with coronary artery disease comparing the NEVO SES with the TAXUS Liberte paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent (TAXUS Liberte PES) stent. The primary end point was in-stent angiographic late loss at 6 months. Six months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the primary end point favored NEVO SES (0.13±0.31 mm versus 0.36±0.48 mm, P<0.001 for noninferiority and superiority). The study was not powered for clinical end points and showed no significant difference for NEVO SES versus TAXUS Liberte PES: death: 0.5 ve...
Trustworthy and protected data collection for event detection using networked sensing systems

Data collection in wireless networked sensing systems (WNSS) is usually not reliable due to sensor faults and/or security attacks. This makes detection of an event (e.g., structural damage) through data aggregation unreliable. In this paper, we propose a trustworthy and protected data collection (TPDC) framework for event detection in WNSS. This framework facilitates reliable data for aggregation at clusters of WNSS. The key idea of TPDC is to allow a cluster head to check whether or not the transmitted data is trustworthy (i.e., unaltered estimated at the sensor node level) and protected (i.e., received without alteration after the transmission) before aggregating the data at a cluster. For the trustworthy data, we propose an algorithm to make sure that transmitted data is unaltered. For the protected data, we present a truth discovery approach, whose goal is to infer truthful facts from unreliable sensor data. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the collected data in TPDC is trustworthy and protected that can make aggregation for event detection reliable.
Salience network response to changes in emotional expressions of others is heightened during early adolescence: relevance for social functioning

Adolescence is a unique developmental period when the salience of social and emotional information becomes particularly pronounced. Although this increased sensitivity to social and emotional information has frequently been considered with respect to risk behaviors and psychopathology, evidence suggests that increased adolescent sensitivity to social and emotional cues may confer advantages. For example, greater sensitivity to shifts in the emotions of others is likely to promote flexible and adaptive social behavior. In this study, a sample of 54 children and adolescents (age 8-19 years) performed a delayed match-to-sample task for emotional faces while undergoing fMRI scanning. Recruitment of the anterior cingulate and anterior insula when the emotion of the probe face did not match the emotion held in memory followed a quadratic developmental pattern that peaked during early adolescence. These findings indicate meaningful developmental variation in the neural mechanisms underlying sensitivity to changes in the emotional expressions. Across all participants, greater activation of this network for changes in emotional expression was associated with less social anxiety and fewer social problems. These results suggest that the heightened salience of social and emotional information during adolescence may confer important advantages for social behavior, providing sensitivity to others' emotions that facilitates flexible social responding.
Against the Evils of Democracy: Fighting Forced Disappearance and Neoliberal Terror in Mexico

On 26 September 2014, Mexican police forces in Iguala, Guerrero, attacked and abducted four dozen students known as normalistas (student teachers); some were killed on the spot and the rest were ne...