cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shear Adhesion Strength of Aligned Electrospun Nanofibers

Inspiration from nature such as insects’ foot hairs motivates scientists to fabricate nanoscale cylindrical solids that allow tens of millions of contact points per unit area with material substrates. In this paper, we present a simple yet robust method for fabricating directionally sensitive shear adhesive laminates. By using aligned electrospun nylon-6, we create dry adhesives, as a succession of our previous work on measuring adhesion energies between two single free-standing electrospun polymer fibers in cross-cylinder geometry, randomly oriented membranes and substrate, and peel forces between aligned fibers and substrate. The synthetic aligned cylindrical solids in this study are electrically insulating and show a maximal Mode II shear adhesion strength of 27 N/cm2 on a glass slide. This measured value, for the purpose of comparison, is 270% of that reported from gecko feet. The Mode II shear adhesion strength, based on a commonly known “dead-weight” test, is 97-fold greater than the Mode I (normal)...
A survey on serum levels of measles and rubella antibodies among pregnant women in Chaoyang district,Beijing

Objective To evaluate serum levels of measles and rubella antibodies among pregnant women to provide evidence for control of measles in infants less than eight months old and incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in newly-born babies. Methods Totally,blood specimens were collected from 403 pregnant women in Chaoyang district,Beijing and tested for measles and ruibella antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). Results Serum geometric mean titer (GMT) of measles and rubella antibody were 550. 27mIU/ml and 38. 83IU/ml,respectively among pregnant women,with positive rates of 81. 4 percent and 76. 9 percent,respectively. Serum GMT of IgG antibody against rubella was 38. 83IU /ml among pregnant women,with a positive rate of 76. 9 percent. Serum levels of measles and rubella antibodies significantly correlated with their age among pregnant women ( P 0. 05). Conclusion Nowadays,combined immunization of measles and rubella vaccines for women at child-bearing age is an important measure for control of measles in infant less than eight months old and incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in newly-born babies.
The Pericryptal Fibroblast Sheath: IV. Replication, migration, and differentiation of the subepithelial fibroblasts of the crypt and villus of the rabbit jejunum

Light-microscopic studies of human and rabbit small intestine and electron-microscopic and autoradiographic studies of the pericryptal (subepithelial) sheath in the rabbit jejunum confirm preliminary reports from this laboratory and from Marsh and Trier (Marsh MN, Trier JS: Morphology and cell proliferation of subepithelial fibroblasts in mouse jejunum (abstr). Gastroenterology 64:181, 1973) that a subepithelial fibroblast population in the jejunum replicates and migrates in parallel and in approximate synchrony with the replicating and migrating epithelial cells. Differences between the colonic pericryptal sheath and the jejunal subepithelial sheath may be related to their different absorptive functions. The fibroblasts of the jejunal sheath appear less mature in the villus than those subtending the absorptive surface of the colon, and there is no significant collagen table in the villus. In this respect, the relationships among epithelium, fibroblast, and venous capillaries resemble more closely those in the gallbladder than those in the colon. This study extends our concept of the ubiquity of subepithelial sheath in the intestinal tract, and emphasizes the importance of interacting epithelial-mesenchymal systems in tissues of adult animals. Additional investigations must be directed toward understanding the basis and regulation of these interactions in normal and neoplastic tissues.
Patient Characteristics and Early Functional Outcomes of Combined Arthroscopic Labral Refixation and Periacetabular Osteotomy for Symptomatic Acetabular Dysplasia

Background:Symptomatic labral tears are common in patients with acetabular dysplasia; however, optimal treatment of the labrum remains controversial.Purpose:To present patient characteristics and early functional outcomes associated with combined arthroscopic labral refixation and Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with a displaced labral tear from the acetabular rim.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Patients undergoing PAO from a single-center prospective hip preservation registry were eligible (N = 73 patients; mean clinical follow-up, 23 months). Indications for combined arthroscopic labral refixation included symptomatic labral injury and MRI findings suggestive of labral detachment from the acetabular rim indicating a repairable tear. The study group consisted of patients undergoing combined arthroscopic labral refixation and PAO (scope/PAO group: n = 21 patients). Patients undergoing PAO alone (PAO group: n = 52 patients) were included a...
Cognitive processes in the production of multiple‐goal messages: Evidence from the temporal characteristics of speech

There may be no property of human communication more widely recognized than the fact that interpersonal messages function in the service of multiple social goals. Despite this, relatively little is known of the encoding processes that give rise to such messages. One effort to specify these processes is found in the work of Greene and Lindsey (1989) who draw on action assembly theory in positing a model of the structures and processes involved in production of multiple‐goal messages. These authors suggest that the increased cognitive load accompanying multiple‐goal messages arises from difficulties in assembling, or integrating, incompatible message features. This paper reports two empirical investigations designed to examine the plausibility of Greene and Lindsey's account. Experiment 1 revealed that, relative to messages aimed at accomplishing two compatible social ends, messages produced in pursuit of incompatible goals were characterized by greater pause‐phonation ratios and longer average pause durati...
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation: Is Earlier Valve Implantation Better?

In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Borik et al1 review the intermediate and long-term echocardiographic, MRI and cardiopulmonary exercise results in a cohort of 51 patients followed for a mean of 4.5±1.9 (0.9–6.9) years after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). The majority of patients had mixed pulmonary stenosis (PS) and pulmonary regurgitation (PR; 32/51) or predominant PS (16/51). The cohort is divided into patients 16 years. Clinical outcomes are favorable in the overall cohort, no differences were noted in the need for reintervention or reoperation between the younger and older groups and there was only one episode of endocarditis. Incremental improvements in right ventricular size by echo and MRI were noted in younger patients and there was a trend toward improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction in patients <16 years of age. Moreover, the authors noted greater improvement in maximum oxygen consumption in younger patients, those with lower preimplantation right-sided pressures, and those with better ventricular function and aerobic capacity before implantation. The improvements in aerobic capacity occurred within the first year and plateaued thereafter. The authors concluded that PPVI in younger patients with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction is associated with improved aerobic exercise capacity and right ventricular dimensions. See Article by Borik et al There is general consensus among experts in congenital heart disease that symptomatic patients with RVOT dysfunction should undergo pulmonary valve replacement.2 Symptomatic patients include those with decreased functional capacity, evidence of heart failure, and arrhythmias. The timing of pulmonary valve replacement in asymptomatic patients with RVOT dysfunction is more controversial. Coats et al3 demonstrated that patients with RVOT obstruction, defined as an echo Doppler-derived peak systolic gradient ≥50 mm Hg, benefited from PPVI with resultant immediate reductions …
Why Neighborhoods (and How We Study Them) Matter for Adolescent Development

Adolescence is a sensitive developmental period marked by significant changes that unfold across multiple contexts. As a central context of development, neighborhoods capture-in both physical and social space-the stratification of life chances and differential distribution of resources and risks. For some youth, neighborhoods are springboards to opportunities; for others, they are snares that constrain progress and limit the ability to avoid risks. Despite abundant research on "neighborhood effects," scant attention has been paid to how neighborhoods are a product of social stratification forces that operate simultaneously to affect human development. Neighborhoods in the United States are the manifestation of three intersecting social structural cleavages: race/ethnicity, socioeconomic class, and geography. Many opportunities are allocated or denied along these three cleavages. To capture these joint processes, we advocate a "neighborhood-centered" approach to study the effects of neighborhoods on adolescent development. Using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we demonstrate the complex ways that these three cleavages shape specific neighborhood contexts and can result in stark differences in well-being. A neighborhood-centered approach demands more rigorous and sensitive theories of place, as well as multidimensional classification and measures. We discuss an agenda to advance the state of theories and research, drawing explicit attention to the stratifying forces that bring about distinct neighborhood types that shape developmental trajectories during adolescence and beyond.
Use of 3D printer technology to facilitate surgical correction of a complex vascular anomaly with esophageal entrapment in a dog.

A 10 week old female intact Staffordshire terrier was presented with a total of five congenital cardio-thoracic vascular anomalies consisting of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with an aneurysmic dilation, pulmonic stenosis, persistent right aortic arch, aberrant left subclavian artery and persistent left cranial vena cava. These abnormalities were identified with a combination of echocardiogram and computed tomography angiography (CTA). The abnormalities were associated with esophageal entrapment, regurgitation, and volume overload of the left heart with left atrial and ventricular enlargement. A 2 cm diameter aneurysmic dilation at the junction of the PDA, right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery presented an unusual surgical challenge and precluded simple circumferential ligation and transection of the structure. A full scale three dimensional model of the heart and vasculature was constructed from the CTA and plasma sterilized. The model was used preoperatively to facilitate surgical planning and enhance intraoperative communication and coordination between the surgical and anesthesia teams. Intraoperatively the model facilitated spatial orientation, atraumatic vascular dissection, instrument sizing and positioning. A thoracoabdominal stapler was used to close the PDA aneurysm prior to transection. At the four-month postoperative follow-up the patient was doing well. This is the first reported application of new imaging and modeling technology to enhance surgical planning when approaching correction of complex cardiovascular anomalies in a dog.
“Noble and Delicate Sentiments”: Museum Natural Scientists as an Emotional Community in Argentina, 1862–1920

This article explores the emotional community of museum natural scientists in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Argentina, a context in which the growth of museum natural sciences and nation-state formation became closely intertwined. Influenced by powerful nineteenth-century notions of civilization and modernity, Argentine scientists and statemakers sought to create a distinctively Argentine science, which would emulate European science in form but also retain a uniquely national character. A small group of influential museum administrators and scientists consciously strove to strengthen science’s influence in Argentine national society by creating communal norms among scientists that resonated with narratives about civilization and modernity, and that guided proper behavior and emotional expression. Scientists also challenged the expectations of their community, testing the strength of central emotional tenets such as patriotism and objectivity. This article uses emotional communities as a framework for exploring the push and pull between social patterns and individual choices in this critical moment in Argentina’s history, when new and powerful ideas about science—as a modern, objective, and national practice—emerged in tandem with nation-state formation. In particular, this article explores museum natural scientists’ emotional concerns with objectivity and patriotism through a small group of Argentine museum natural scientists: Francisco P. Moreno, Juan B. Ambrosetti, Hermann Burmeister, and Florentino Ameghino.
How should we estimate costs of care attributable to cancer

6503 Background: Costs of care attributable to cancer are distinct from total costs of medical care, and transparent methods are needed to inform decisions about value of interventions. We measure ...
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Case Detection Increased When Testing Increased in a Multisite US HIV Cohort, 2004-2014.

Objectives:Annual screening for gonorrhea [Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG)] and chlamydia [Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)] is recommended for all sexually active persons living with HIV but is poorly implemented. Studies demonstrating no increases in NG and/or CT (NG/CT) case detection in clinics that succes
A review of oral cannabinoids and medical marijuana for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a focus on pharmacokinetic variability and pharmacodynamics

Oral cannabinoids (i.e., dronabinol, nabilone) containing the active component of marijuana, delta(Δ)9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are available for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with cancer who have failed to adequately respond to conventional antiemetic therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of oral cannabinoids for patients with CINV. A PubMed search of the English-language literature available through 4 January 2017 was conducted to identify relevant articles for inclusion in the review. Oral cannabinoids have been shown to have similar or improved efficacy compared with conventional antiemetics for the resolution of nausea and/or vomiting in patients with cancer. However, oral THC has high PK variability, with variability in oral dronabinol peak plasma concentrations (C max) estimated between 150 and 200%. A new oral dronabinol solution has decreased intraindividual variability (area under the curve) vs oral dronabinol capsules. Further, oral THC has a slower time to C max compared with THC administered intravenously (IV) or by smoking, and a lower systemic availability than IV or smoked THC. The PD profile (e.g., “high”) of oral THC differs from that of IV or smoked THC in healthy individuals. Oral cannabinoids are associated with greater incidence of adverse effects compared with conventional antiemetic therapy or placebo (e.g., dizziness, hypotension, and dysphoria or depression). A new formulation of oral cannabinoids (i.e., dronabinol oral solution) minimized the PK/PD variability currently observed with capsule formulations.
High-Tech Governance Through Big Data Surveillance: Tracing the Global Deployment of Mass Surveillance Infrastructures, 1995 to Present

State powers and high technology industries have historically and symbiotically implemented new information and communication technologies (ICTs) to advance their operational goals. However, much of the scholarship and policy discourse studying such practices is limited to well-known mass surveillance revelations in advanced-industrialized Western democratic contexts. We present the first event-catalogued case-history analysis of 306 cases of mass surveillance systems that currently exist across 139 nation-states in the world system. Identifying the ‘known universe’ of these population-wide data infrastructures that shape the evolving relationships between citizens and state powers, this study pays particular attention to and fills an existing void in the contemporary study and understanding of mass surveillance practices by examining how population surveillance systems have diffused across the international system. By closely investigating cases of state-backed cross-sector surveillance collaborations, we address the following questions: What is the recent, global history of state-sanctioned mass surveillance systems deployment? Which stakeholders have most prominently expressed support for, benefited from, or opposed these systems, and why? What have been the comparative societal responses to the normalization of these systems in recent decades? Addressing these questions provides valuable traction for understanding how comparative contexts shape the way governance technologies unfold and spread, potentially in ways that re-enforce state powers’ interests and dominance over their citizens.
High-throughput screening identifies small molecules that bind to the RAS:SOS:RAS complex and perturb RAS signaling

K-RAS is mutated in approximately 30% of human cancers, resulting in increased RAS signaling and tumor growth. Thus, RAS is a highly validated therapeutic target, especially in tumors of the pancreas, lung and colon. Although directly targeting RAS has proven to be challenging, it may be possible to target other proteins involved in RAS signaling, such as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son of Sevenless (SOS). We have previously reported on the discovery of small molecules that bind to SOS1, activate SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAS, and paradoxically inhibit ERK phosphorylation (Burns et al., PNAS, 2014). Here, we describe the discovery of additional, structurally diverse small molecules that also bind to SOS1 in the same pocket and elicit similar biological effects. We tested >160,000 compounds in a fluorescence-based assay to assess their effects on SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange. X-Ray structures revealed that these small molecules bind to the CDC25 domain of SOS1. Compounds that elicited high levels of nucleotide exchange activity in vitro increased RAS-GTP levels in cells, and inhibited phospho ERK levels at higher treatment concentrations. The identification of structurally diverse SOS1 binding ligands may assist in the discovery of new molecules designed to target RAS-driven tumors.
Nodular macroregenerative tissue as a pattern of regeneration in cholangiopathic disorders

Published case series have described central hepatic macroregenerative nodules or masses as a common feature of Alagille syndrome. Our experience suggests this regenerative pattern can be seen more generally in cholangiopathic disorders. To define the frequency of central regenerative tissue in Alagille syndrome and other cholangiopathic disorders and to describe the typical appearance of such regenerative tissue. We conducted a retrospective study of CT and MR imaging performed in children and young adults with cholangiopathic disorders between January 2000 and June 2016. Two pediatric radiologists reviewed images in consensus for the presence and features of macroregenerative tissue. Tissue histopathology, when available, was retrieved from the medical record. Of 226 patients with cholangiopathic disorders, 23% (52/226) had macroregenerative tissue, and this tissue was central in 96% (50/52). Tissue was well defined and mass-like in 38% (20/52). Regenerative tissue was most common among the subset of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis with hepatic involvement (71%, 5/7) and was identified in 43% (16/37) of patients with Alagille syndrome. Regenerative tissue was iso- to hyperintense on T1-weighted MR sequences in 96% (50/52) of cases and hypointense on T2-weighted MR imaging in 94% (48/51). Arterial phase hyperenhancement was present in only five patients (12% of 43), none of whom showed portal venous phase washout. Histopathology was available for 20 cases, all showing benign regenerative tissue. Central mass-like regeneration appears to be a common regenerative pattern in cholangiopathic disorders and should not be mistaken for malignancy.
Electromagnetic Biosensing of Tidal Volume

Continuous monitoring of tidal volume (TV) is crucial for predicting lung disease and for the assessment of lung conditions such as asthma. Current monitoring methods, including spirometry, can be obtrusive, uncomfortable, and immobilize the patient. Wireless wearable technology can monitor respiratory activity while providing comfort and mobility but require regular battery replacement, which presents an environmental hazard as well as a barrier for compliance and adoption of the technology. In this paper, we propose to harvest and sense TV simultaneously with an electromagnetic (EM) generator, which can be later realized into a zero-net energy biosensor. An off-the-shelf dc brushed motor was modified into a chest belt, tested on both a mechanical chest and on 20 human subjects and successfully detected chest circumference change and TV while harvesting 7– $70~\mu \text{W}$ from human subjects. On the mechanical chest, chest circumference change was detected with a mean absolute error of 0.54 ± 0.36 mm. For human subjects, TV was detected with a mean difference of 1.4 ± 179.6 mL (sitting), −8.4 ± 184.9 mL (standing), and −21.1 ± 188.6 mL (walking). This paper shows that it can be possible to measure TV with an EM sensor on the chest, while simultaneously harvesting energy to supplement the sensor’s power requirements.
Spatial and Behavioral Correlates of Hippocampal Neuronal Activity: A Primer for Computational Analysis

Hippocampal neurons are extraordinarily interesting to observe in action. As animals perform a variety of natural or learned behaviors, hippocampal principal cells of areas CA1 and CA3, which otherwise are characterized by very low baseline firing rates, suddenly fire at rapid rates related to the current location of the animal, its ongoing behavior, specific salient stimuli, or some combination of these factors and the context of the behavioral situation. Unlike in many brain areas where specific sensory or behavioral correlates of neuronal activity are difficult to observe, in the hippocampus it sometimes seems there are as many behavioral correlates as experimental paradigms in which they might be observed. The challenge is not to find correlates of neural activity in the hippocampus – it is to make sense of the broad range of sensory- and behavior-related firing properties observed.
The Needed Replicates of Arrays in Microarray Experiments for Reliable Statistical Evaluation

Microarray technology provides exciting tools for monitoring expression levels of hundreds or thousands of genes simultaneously. Good microarray studies have clear objectives. To make meaningful statistical interpretation of study results obtained from microarray experiments, the design of the experiments must consider some degree of replication to allow for the description of sources of variations. In this article, we present an overview of replicate designs that incorporate measurement variability to address its study objectives.
Transportation Security Framework for a Medium-Sized City

This is the published version. As early as in 2005, EJTIR was the first journal in transportation to adopt an open-access, internet-only publication format, and it is currently the only open-access e-journal in transportation with an ISI impact factor.
Using Formal and Informal Controls to Limit Opportunism: Review and Classification of Remedies to Hold-Ups

The hold-up problem, a form of opportunism, has been the subject of much investigation by researchers in fields such as economics or accounting. Despite contractual protections, hold-ups still occur, and firms and researchers continue to search for ways to avoid them and to encourage firms to make investments that are socially optimal and specific to the relationship at hand. In this paper, I review, synthesize, and classify analytical and empirical research aimed at identifying and testing formal and informal hold-up mitigating mechanisms, as well as suggest avenues for future research. My study integrates various streams of research and is organized around strategic decision-making, that is, decisions about organizational design, inter- and intra-firm trade, and resource allocation. I find that most analytical research has focused on formal controls to hold-ups such as vertical integration, joint ownership, contracts, pricing mechanisms, compensation, and interdependence, and has only recently begun to complement these formal controls with informal substitutes for commitment such as relational contracting and information asymmetry. Empirical research, on the other hand, has focused overwhelmingly on informal controls. As this review reveals, the various research streams have not all pursued investigations of hold-ups to the same extent as research on organizational design and inter-firm trade decisions, even though hold-ups are likely to affect intra-firm trade and resource allocation decisions. In sum, this review not only integrates the findings of the various disciplines and research streams, but also suggests directions future research might take.
Introduction to Biopsychosocial Approaches to Understanding Health in South Asian Americans

This chapter introduces the handbook entitled Biopsychosocial Approaches to Understanding Health in South Asian Americans. The value of applying a holistic conceptualization of health to understand the health and disease status, specifically the chronic disease risk and burden, of South Asians in the U.S. as a group is considered. Additionally, the necessity of the practice of disaggregation in the study and treatment of South Asian Americans is emphasized. The biopsychosocial model of health (Engel 1977) is presented as a guiding framework for the handbook and its chapters.
“Missing the Trane: Two John Coltrane Documentaries”

The 2017 film Chasing Trane: The John Coltrane Documentary is only the fourth film dedicated exclusively to this well-known jazz figure. The first was The World According to John Coltrane, written ...
PRC2-Mediated H3K27me3 Contributes to Transcriptional Regulation of FIT-Dependent Iron Deficiency Response

Iron is an essential micronutrient for nearly all organisms, but excessive iron can lead to the formation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, iron acquisition and homeostasis must be tightly regulated. Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to optimize their use of iron, which is one of the most limiting nutrients in the soil. In particular, transcriptional regulation is vital for regulating iron in plants, and much work has revealed the role of transcription factors on this front. Our study adds novel insights to the transcriptional regulation of iron homeostasis in plants by showing that chromatin remodeling via histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modulates the expression of FIT-dependent genes under iron deficiency. We provide evidence that FIT-dependent iron acquisition genes, IRT1 and FRO2, as well as FIT itself are direct targets of PRC2-mediated H3K27me3. In the clf mutant, which lacks the predominant H3K27 tri-methyltransferase, induction of FIT, FRO2, IRT1, and other FIT-regulated genes in roots is significantly higher under iron deficient conditions than in wild type. Furthermore, we observe that clf mutants are more tolerant to iron deficiency than wild type, indicating that gene expression levels appear to be limiting the plants ability to access iron. We propose that H3K27me3 attenuates the induction of FIT-target genes under iron deficiency and hypothesize that this may serve as a mechanism to restrict the maximum level of induction of iron acquisition genes to prevent iron overload.
Regulating Financial Guarantors

To improve financial regulation, scholars have engaged in extensive research over the past decade to try to understand why systemically important financial institutions engage in excessive risk-taking. None of that research fully explains, however, the unusually excessive risk-taking by financial guarantors such as bond insurers, protection sellers under credit-default-swap (CDS) derivatives, credit enhancers in securitization transactions, and even issuers of standby letters of credit. With tens of trillions of dollars of financial guarantees outstanding, the potential for failure is massive. This Article argues that financial guarantor risk-taking is influenced by a fundamental anomaly in perceiving risk. Financial guarantors commit to pay out capital only if certain future contingencies occur, in contrast to banks and other financial institutions that pay out capital—for example, by making a loan—at the outset of a project. As a result, financial guarantors are subject to a previously unrecognized cognitive bias, which the author calls “abstraction bias,” that causes them to underestimate the risk on their guarantees. The Article provides empirical evidence that supports the existence of abstraction bias and its influence on financial guarantors. The Article also examines how an understanding of abstraction bias can improve the regulation of financial guarantor risk-taking.
Reading Between the Guidelines: How Commercial Voice Assistant Guidelines Hinder Accessibility for Blind Users

Voice-Activated Personal Assistants (VAPAs)-like Apple Siri and Amazon Alexa - have rapidly become common features on mobile devices and in homes of millions of people around the world. They have proven to be particularly valuable to people with disabilities, chiefly among people with visual impairments. Yet, we still know relatively little about the fundamental metaphors and guidelines for designing voice assistants, and how they might empower and constrain visually impaired users. To address this need, we conducted a qualitative document review of VAPA design guidelines published by top commercial vendors Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Apple and Alibaba. We found that guidelines have many commonalities that surface an underlying assumption that VAPA interfaces should be modeled after human-human conversation. We draw on prior work about needs of people with visual impairments to critique this taken-for-granted human-human conversation metaphor and offer amendments to prevailing design guidelines that can make this now-pervasive platform more fully achieve its potential to become universally usable.
Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy Via Exclusive Pedal Approach for the Treatment of Complicated Peripheral Arterial Disease

Abstract Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease is routinely performed via femoral artery access. In patients with complex femoropopliteal disease, this traditional approach is not feasible. To address this situation, we used an exclusive pedal access approach along with other adjunctive treatments, resulting in a successful outcome. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
Tumor susceptibility gene-101 regulates glucocorticoid receptor through disorder-mediated allostery

Tumor Susceptibility Gene-101 (TSG101) is involved in endosomal maturation and has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of several steroid hormone receptors (SHRs), although a detailed characterization of such regulation has yet to be conducted. Here we directly measure binding of TSG101 to one SHR, glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Using biophysical and cellular assays, we show that the coiled-coil domain of TSG101; 1) binds and folds the disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) of GR, 2) upon binding, improves DNA-binding of GR in vitro, and 3) enhances the transcriptional activity of GR in vivo. Our findings suggest that TSG101 is a bona fide transcriptional co-regulator of GR.
Activation of Akt and mTOR in mouse keratinocytes by skin tumor promoters

2621 Akt is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a variety of cellular responses including cell proliferation and survival. Tumor promoters including TPA, okadaic acid (OA), and chrysarobin (CHRY) activate epidermal Akt early after tumor promoter treatment. Activation of Akt during tumor promoter treatment leads to enhanced downstream signaling. In the present studies, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of Akt was elevated in cultured primary keratinocytes exposed to TPA. TPA-induced activation of Akt was mediated by the PI3K and PDK-1-dependent pathways, not by MAPK pathways. TPA-induced PKC activation in cultured mouse keratinocytes results in increased HB-EGF production, followed by phosphorylation of the EGFr. The pan PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I abrogates HB-EGF production and EGFr phosphorylation. However, PKC inhibition by bisindolylmaleimide I before or after TPA treatment stabilizes Akt phosphorylation even in the presence of reduced EGFr activation. The potent inhibitors of EGFr/erbB2 (GW2974) and EGFr (PD153035) reduced TPA-stimulated Akt activation as well as EGFr tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, phosphorylation of mTOR, an Akt downstream component was induced by TPA in a biphasic way; early activation of mTOR appeared to be PKC-mediated and then later phosphorylated through activation of Akt. The current results support the hypothesis that elevated Akt activity and subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways is a common event in mouse keratinocyts following treatment with diverse skin tumor promoters. In addition, signaling through the EGFr via PI3K and PDK-1 dependent pathways may be the primary event leading to Akt activation during tumor promotion in mouse skin. Finally, activation of mTOR may also be critical for mouse skin tumor promotion. Together with data showing that overexpression of Akt in epidermis of transgenic mice enhances susceptibility to skin tumor promotion, the current results further demonstrate the importance of Akt signaling in epithelial carcinogenesis.
Exploratory Analysis of Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare: A Topic Modelling & Co-citation Approaches

Internet of Things (IoT) have made a significant impact in healthcare domain. The purpose of this study is to unravel key themes latent in the academic literature on IoT applications in healthcare....
Climate resilient management in response to flash droughts in the US Northern Great Plains

The Northern Great Plains (NGP) region plays a very important role in providing water and land resources and other critical ecosystem services to support rural livelihoods. Semi-arid conditions and the tight coupling of livelihood enterprises with ecosystem services increases sensitivity to climate change. The changing climate and social-economic situations across the NGP have further challenged current management practices. Recent climate stresses has indicated that changing seasonality and extreme events (e.g., droughts, floods, ice storms) are impacting ecosystem services and increasing vulnerability to rural livelihoods. In particular, the emergence of rapid on-set of drought has been problematic to resource managers and operators due the shortened period to respond to these drought events. This paper provides a regional example for the North American Great Plains to illustrate how emerging climate impacts affect the ability to respond within the social-ecological system capabilities to manage for these impacts. This paper is a contribution to an international effort, the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme (Fu et al. this issue), to develop regional research and engagement efforts to further understand the impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes and to enable this knowledge to guide further development of adaptive management options.
7% Saline IV, A New Approach to an Old Problem

In our practice we became interested in the use of Hyper saline after seeing some research on its use in calves and horses that was done at Ohio State University. For years we had been using commercial fluid concentrates and diluting them for our fluid therapy. At best this procedure left much to be desired. Transporting large volumes of sterile water, calculating correct dilution, time required to administer fluids and cost to the client limited its use.
Surgical complications and clinical outcomes after dose-escalated trimodality therapy for non-small cell lung cancer in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Abstract Background Trimodality therapy (TMT) with preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgical resection is used for locally-advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Traditionally, preoperative radiation doses ≤54 Gy are used due to concerns regarding excess morbidity, but little is known about outcomes and toxicities after TMT with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to higher doses. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients who received planned TMT with IMRT for LA-NSCLC at Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 2008 and 2017 was performed. Clinical and treatment characteristics, pathologic response, and surgical toxicity were assessed. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used for survival outcomes. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used for multivariable analysis. Results Forty-six patients received less than definitive doses of 7 days were associated with OS. Conclusions With IMRT, there was no increased rate of surgical complications in patients receiving higher doses of radiation. Survival outcomes or LOS did not differ based on radiation dose, but increased LOS was associated with worse OS. Larger prospective studies are needed to further examine outcomes after IMRT in patients with LA-NSCLC receiving TMT.
A Review of Web-Based Dietary Interventions: From the Human-Computer Interaction Practitioners' Perspective

Despite the popularity of web-based dietary interventions, there are few evidence-based, practical guidelines that help human-computer interaction HCI practitioners design new dietary intervention systems. We suspect that a lack of such guidelines is partly due to a chasm between two major research domains, healthcare and HCI. We believe that technologies developed in HCI are not used and evaluated by healthcare researchers, so we fail to accumulate experiences to develop guidelines. To assess the gap, we carefully selected 86 papers that employed and evaluated various web-based dietary interventions in both fields and analyzed general characteristics, behavior change strategies, intervention media, and research outcomes used in each paper. Through this review, we reaffirmed our belief about the discrepancies between healthcare and HCI, and additional findings helped us offer some suggestions to close the gap. We also identified several interesting patterns among behavior change strategies, intervention media, and outcomes that provide potential topics for future research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling SiGe FinFETs With Thin Fin and Current-Dependent Source/Drain Resistance

In this letter, we model future generation SiGe FinFETs using the industry standard compact model BSIM-CMG. BSIM-CMG is enhanced to model these aggressively scaled devices. It is found that in these narrow fin (fin width $W_{\textrm {fin}} = 12$ nm) devices spacer region resistance behaves nonlinearly with drain-current. This nonlinear resistance behavior arises due to the saturation of carrier velocity in the spacer region. Accurate modeling of spacer region nonlinearity is important to predict the drain-current and the device transconductance. The developed model captures this phenomenon very well and produces excellent agreement with experimental data.
Chapter 6 Blue Matter: Scaling of N-Body Simulations to One Atom per Node

N-body simulations present some of the most interesting challenges in the area of massively parallel computing, especially when the object is to improve the total time to solution for a fixed size problem. The Blue Matter molecular simulation framework has been developed specifically to address these challenges in order to explore programming models for massively parallel machine architectures in a concrete context and to support the scientific goals of the IBM Blue Gene project. This paper reviews the key issues involved in achieving ultra-strong scaling of methodologically correct biomolecular simulations, in particular, the treatment of the long range electrostatic forces present in simulations of proteins in water and membranes. Blue Matter computes these forces using the Particle–Particle–Particle–Mesh Ewald (P3ME) method which breaks the problem up into two pieces, one of which requires the use of three-dimensional Fast Fourier Transforms with global data dependencies and the other which involves computing interactions between pairs of particles within a cut-off distance. We will summarize our exploration of the parallel decompositions used to compute these finite-ranged interactions carried out as part of the Blue Matter development effort, describe some of the implementation details involved in these decompositions, and present the evolution in (strong scaling) performance achieved over the course of this exploration along with evidence for the quality of simulation achieved.
Chemical Mass Balance

The chemical mass balance is a receptor model that uses known composition profiles of pollution sources to apportion ambient concentrations to those respective sources. The standard application of this approach uses an effective variance least-squares method to fit a sample of ambient data to a matrix of source profiles. Keywords: receptor model; source apportionment; source profiles; source contributions
The Terrorist and the Grid

After the blackout of 2003, addressing the vulnerabilities of America's electrical grid was a top priority. Not only was the creaky system going to be repaired and restructured, its key facilities were going to be reinforced to guard against terrorism. After all, Al Qaeda documents suggest that terrorists have considered attacking the grid, which would cause chaos, wreak economic havoc, and possibly cost lives. Is the grid safer? Sadly, no. Terrorists could still send a nation as powerful and modernized as the United States into the dark ages for weeks.Safeguarding federal buildings following the Oklahoma City bombings cost more than $1 billion. Securing electrical substations would cost at least as much. But the price of a nationwide outage would dwarf that figure. The Department of Homeland Security and Department of Energy must pass regulations to ensure that the energy industry protects critical substations.
Effective software testing with a string-constraint solver

This dissertation presents techniques and tools for improving software reliability, by using an expressive string-constraint solver to make implementation-based testing more effective and more applicable. Concolic testing is a paradigm of implementation-based systematic software testing that combines dynamic symbolic execution with constraint-based systematic execution-path enumeration. Concolic testing is easy to use and effective in finding real errors. It is, however, limited by the expressiveness of the underlying constraint solver. Therefore, to date, concolic testing has not been successfully applied to programs with highly-structured inputs (e.g., compilers), or to Web applications. This dissertation shows that the effectiveness and applicability of concolic testing can be greatly improved by using an expressive and efficient string-constraint solver, i.e., a solver for constraints on string variables. We present the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of a novel string-constraint solver. Furthermore, we show novel techniques for two important problems in concolic testing: getting past input validation in programs with highly-structured inputs, and creating inputs that demonstrate security vulnerabilities in Web applications.
From the Ballot to the Blackboard: The Redistributive Political Economy of Education

1. The redistributive political economy of education 2. The expansion of education - theory and data 3. The expansion of education - historical evidence 4. The partisan politics of education 5. High politics in higher education 6. Conclusion.
Use of the laparoamnioscope for fetal observation and its effect on the human fetus

Abstract Attempts were made upon a small series of human patients to introduce an endoscope through the anterior abdominal wall and uterus at 16 to 18 weeks of intrauterine pregnancy for fetal observation and biopsy. The results of that procedure were technically successful but the fetus died in each case. Research and development are needed to improve this potentially valuable diagnostic technique.
The Johnson-Jeffries Fight and Censorship of Black Supremacy

In the summer of 1910, states and municipalities adopted bans on prizefight films in order to censor black supremacy in controversial sport that was illegal in most states. It was one of the worst waves of movie censorship in American history, but it has been largely ignored and forgotten. On the Fourth of July, 1910, the uncompromising black heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson, knocked out the “great white hope,” Jim Jeffries, in what was dubbed by the press and promoters as “the fight of the century.” Jeffries, a former heavyweight champion himself, returned to the ring after a five-year retirement to try to reclaim the heavyweight championship for the white race. He failed. The knock out that sent the great white hope down to the floor shook the nation, prompted deadly racial riots, and induced one of the most disturbing waves of movie censorship in American history. This Article brings to light the story of a national movement to censor black supremacy, a movement that had significant success. The Article is a tribute to Jack Johnson and should serve as a contemporary warning about the risks and threats of content regulation, with lessons to the controversy over “community standards” in censorship.
Twenty years of body shape evolution in a threespine stickleback population adapting to a lake environment

Analysis of contemporary evolution can provide important insights into the pattern and rate of phenotypic evolution. The threespine stickleback population in Loberg Lake was exterminated in 1982, and a new population was founded between 1983 and 1989 by anadromous stickleback. The body shape of the Loberg Lake population resembled that of anadromous populations in 1990, although it had diverged markedly by 1992. Between 1992 and 2009, the population evolved more slowly to resemble typical lake populations in the region, diverging approximately 68% of the distance separating its putative ancestor and the original native population by 2009. Temporal evolution is the main source of variation, although spatial heterogeneity, armour phenotype, and allometry contribute significant variation. There was no significant effect of ancestral phenotypic shape covariance on the evolutionary trajectory of this population. Temporal variation in the Loberg Lake population provides a rare glimpse into the evolutionary response of a complex trait to natural selection after a major habitat shift. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105, 817–831.