cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for soft-shell crawfish production

Abstract A mathematical model was developed for soft-shell crawfish production management based on the assumption that the crawfish molt interval follows a normal distribution. The mean and standard deviation of the molt interval, the two main parameters of the model, were estimated to be 48 and 15 days, respectively, based on experimental data for the red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii). The model was further verified through comparison with experimental data. Simulations using the model were conducted to evaluate the impact of mortality and management strategies upon soft-shell crawfish production. The results indicated that mortality is a major factor in determining the production rate of a soft-shell crawfish facility. For a 6-month operation period, the predicted total production is 263% of the loading capacity for a mortality rate of 1%/day. This production will drop to 101% of the loading capacity with a mortality rate of 5%/day. Besides variations in the mortality rate, loading and replacement strategies also affect soft-shell crawfish operation, as demonstrated by the simulation results.
Measurement of the strongly held water of myoglobin by drying

The karl Fischer reagent method has been used to study the drying of whale skeletal muscle myoglobin. Drying curves for metmyglobin were obtained by mechanical pumping (moderate vacuum) and diffusion pumping (high vacum) at 20, 10, 0, −10, and −20°C. Strongly held water is present in about the same amounts as were previously observed with lysozyme. Nearly all of this strongly held water is still present during the drying of acid denatured metmyoglobin. This suggest that a core structure containing strongly held water is still present at pH 4.0. Comparison of the drying of metmyoglobin, deoxymyoglobin, and oxymyoglobin indicates that the iron-coordinated water of methyoglobin is the second most strongly held water of the molocule.
Parents' Gender-Stereotyped Perceptions of Newborns: The Eye of the Beholder Revisited.

This study sought to update and extend J. Z. Rubin, F. J. Provenzano, and Z. Luria's [(1974) “The Eye of the Beholder: Parents' Views on Sex of Newborns,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 44, pp. 512–519] findings that parents rated and described their newborn infants in gender-stereotyped terms, with fathers being more extreme than mothers in differentiating between sons and daughters. The 40 pairs of predominantly Caucasian parents in the present study rated newborn girls as finer featured, less strong, more delicate, and more feminine than newborn boys, but did not distinguish between girls and boys when freely describing their newborns. The parents' gender-stereotyped ratings persisted across a 1-week time interval. The current group of fathers did not show greater gender stereotyping than mothers. The conclusion is that parents' gender stereotyped perceptions of newborns have recently declined, especially among fathers, but have not disappeared.
Hybrid system for telepathology.

Abstract We introduce a novel hybrid telepathology system providing simultaneous transmission of both real-time microscopy and static imagery at a reasonable cost. It is capable of capturing static, true color images at resolution of 1,520 [times ] 1,144 pixels and providing live transmission of real-time video images of the glass slide in Common Intermediate Format (CIF), which can be viewed at 1,024 [times ] 768 pixels or higher. Instant freeze function can be enabled with 4[times ] CIF resolution (1,408 [times ] 1,152 pixels). This system comprises the advantages of real-time transmission and high-resolution static imagery, while direct visual and audio communications are maintained at the same time. It uses standard [lsquo ]off-the-shelf[rsquo ] components with a total cost of around $30,000 to $40,000. We also conclude that differences in telepathology modality and image quality have an impact on diagnostic accuracy and should be considered for discussion and standards development by professional organizations in the field of telepathology. An effort to ascertain the diagnostic limitations of various telepathology modalities is essential to the future use of this modality of pathology practice. H UM P ATHOL 31:829-833.
Pulsed Laser Deposition and Biocompatibility of Titanium Nitride Coatings

TiN thin films were deposited on pure titanium (99.9 %) and stainless steel (316L) substrates using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. PLD is a very versatile technique to deposit high quality films and it allows the stoichiometry transfer of a multi-component system from target to deposited film. The crystallographic orientation of the films was studied using the X-ray diffraction technique and the results showed that the films were polycrystalline with the (111) preferred orientation. The hydrophilic/hydrophobicity nature of the films was investigated using contact angle measurements and the results indicated that the TiN coated surfaces were hydrophilic (< 90°). Biocompatibility of the TiN thin films was characterized in terms of cell attachment of bone cells on the surfaces of the coatings. Human bone marrow stromal cells were cultured, seeded, stained and imaged using a fluorescent microscope. Results on the biological behavior of the TiN thin films suggest that TiN is a good biocompatible material and has great promises in biological applications.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Investigation of simulated emission in multiple ionized plasmas produced by the Scylla I theta pinch machine

Summary form only, as given. It was proposed in 1964 that the plasma produced by a large theta pinch machine, such as those developed in connection with Project Sherwood, might be a fruitful source of laser lines in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The possibility of dumping large amounts of power into the plasma give some hope of competing with spontaneous emission losses at thes horter wavelengths. Using the coulomb approximation of Bates and Daamgard, it can be shown that large matrix elements are obtained for transitions between states in highly ionized atoms. For this reason, the inversions required for oscillation in theta pinch plasmas should be no greater than those required for oscillation in conventional lasers, even at a temperature of one kilovolt.
Oncofertility: A New Medical Discipline and the Emerging Scholar

Cancer is often considered a disease of aging, and many times it is, as the risk of malignancy increases with age. In fact, according to the American Cancer Society, 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in patients older than age 55 [1]. However, it is not a disease isolated to the older population alone. Any person can develop cancer; it targets children and young adults, and it does not discriminate by gender, race, socioeconomic status, political belief, or religious affiliation. Data collected from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) registry of cancer patients estimated that there were 10,500,000 survivors of cancer in 2003 and roughly 1,440,000 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2007 (see Fig. 16.1). Among survivors, 5% are between 20 and 39 years old, resulting in at least 525,000 young survivors of cancer, a number that increases every year. More than 200,000 men and women under the age of 45 are diagnosed with cancer annually. Moreover, 25% of breast cancer patients are younger than 40 years of age. Though over 12,400 children and adolescents (less than 19 years old) are diagnosed with cancer each year, the cure rate for all childhood cancers has reached 80 % [2]. While this is a remarkable statistic, the improvement in survival reflects progress in earlier detection of certain malignancies and the extraordinary rise in cancer curing therapies. Cancer is now a disease with a variety of treatment options that are leading survivors to live longer and more productive lives. With the advent of improved cancer treatments and the subsequent rise in survival, a host of new health care and quality-of-life issues has emerged for young cancer patients. Many of these issues were not anticipated at the time of diagnosis. While advances in radiation and chemotherapy have improved survival rates, these therapeutic agents may also permanently impact the reproductive capacity of cancer survivors. Systemic chemotherapy, although targeted at a specific cancer cell, can have detrimental effects on the reproductive axis at the level of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or the gonads. Pelvic radiation and alkylating agents are two known causes of induced sterility in cancer patients [3–6]. Consequently, the survivor may face immediate infertility or premature loss of reproductive function due to the toxic damage. For example, men may experience decreased hormone production and its sequelae, including decreased or lost spermatogenesis or increased sperm abnormalities. In women, treatment-induced premature ovarian failure results in a hormonal milieu similar to the natural menopause.
Mirror Focus: Function of Seizure Frequency and Influence on Outcome After Surgery

The concept of the mirror focus (MF) implies that an actively discharging epileptiform region may induce similar paroxysmal behavior in a homologous site. In a group of patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) we investigated whether occurrence of a MF was influenced by certain clinical factors and whether surgical outcome was influenced by the presence of an MF. Factors studied included age at onset, duration, and total number of seizures. Patients had had CPS for > 3 years and had pathologically proven temporal lobe neoplasms. Seizure frequency was estimated by the history-taking physician. We estimated total seizure number by multiplying frequency by duration. Seven patients had MF, and 15 did not. Mean age at onset of seizures, duration of seizure disorder, and total seizure number did not vary statistically between the two groups of patients. All patients with an MF except 1 were seizure-free at follow-up. Ten of the 15 patients without MF were seizure-free. Three patients who were not seizure-free had had subtotal resection owing to tumor overlap with eloquent cortex. We conclude that an MF is not a contraindication to operation even when the preponderance of interictal spike activity is contralateral to the tumor or when seizures appear to arise from the MF on scalp EEG.
Growth of nasal and laryngeal airways in children: implications in breathing and inhaled aerosol dynamics.

BACKGROUND: The human respiratory airway undergoes dramatic growth during infancy and childhood, which induces substantial variability in air flow pattern and particle deposition. However, deposition studies have typically focused on adult subjects, the results of which cannot be readily extrapolated to children. We developed models to quantify the growth of human nasal-laryngeal airways at early ages, and to evaluate the impact of that growth on breathing resistance and aerosol deposition. METHODS: Four image-based nasal-laryngeal models were developed from 4 children, ages 10 days, 7 months, 3 years, and 5 years, and were compared to a nasal-laryngeal model of a 53-year-old adult. The airway dimensions were quantified in terms of different parameters (volume, cross-section area, and hydraulic diameter) and of different anatomies (nose, pharynx, and larynx). Breathing resistance and aerosol deposition were computed using a high-fidelity fluid-particle transport model, and were validated against the measurements made with the 3-dimensional models fabricated from the same airway computed tomography images. RESULTS: Significant differences in nasal morphology were observed among the 5 subjects, in both morphology and dimension. The turbinate region appeared to experience the most noticeable growth during the first 5 years of life. The nasal airway volume ratios of the 10-day, 7-month, 3-year, and 5-year-old subjects were 6.4%, 18.8%, 24.2%, and 40.3% that of the adult, respectively. Remarkable inter-group variability was observed in air flow, pressure drop, deposition fraction, and particle accumulation. The computational fluid dynamics predicted pressure drops and deposition fractions were in close agreement with in vitro measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Age effects are significant in both breathing resistance and micrometer particle deposition. The image/computational-fluid-dynamics coupled method provides an efficient and effective approach in understanding patient-specific air flows and particle deposition, which have important implications in pediatric inhalation drug delivery and respiratory disorder diagnosis.
Apparent Motion of the Human Body

Observers viewed pairs of alternating photographs of a human body in different positions. Shortest-path motion solutions were pitted against anatomically possible movements. With short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), observers tended to report the shortest path despite violations of anatomical constraints. However, with longer SOAs observers became increasingly likely to report the anatomically possible, but longer, paths. This finding, in conjunction with those from a second study, challenges the accepted wisdom that apparent motion paths are independent of the object. Instead, our findings suggest that when given enough time and appropriate stimuli, the visual system prefers at least some object-appropriate apparent motion paths.
Adaptive flutter suppression of an unswept wing

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of an adaptive feedforward controller for active flutter suppression of a flexible whig. The flexible wing structure was modeled by a multi-degreeof-freedom finite element representation with beam elements for bending and rod elements for torsion. Control action was provided by a flap attached to the trailing edge of the wing, but extending for only a short length along the wingspan. The dynamics of the entire structure were simulated using only the first few flexible modes, thereby resulting in a reduced-order system for time integration. Both quasisteady and unsteady aerodynamics were used to generate the airforces acting on the wing. An adaptive feedforward controller was designed based on the filtered-X least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. The control configuration included an on-line system identification that provided the LMS controller with a reasonably accurate model of the plant. The linear wing model in closed loop exhibited highly damped responses at airspeeds where the open-loop responses were destructive. Simulations with the flexible wing model in a time-varying airstream showed a 36% increase over the open-loop flutter airspeed. With 10% measurement noise introduced in the model, it demonstrated good robustness to the extraneous disturbances. Since the controller structure was adaptive, its effectiveness was not limited by the form of aerodynamics used in this investigation to model the airforces. In the example studied it was found that adaptation was rapid enough to successfully control flutter at accelerations hi the airstream of up to 7 ft/s2.
755 Reduced Handgrip Strength as a Marker of Patient Frailty Predicts Worse Survival after Implantation of a Left Ventricular Assist Device

judged as signs of possible LVAD indication. Lastly, in-hospital and 1-year outcome was analyzed and compared with outcome of LVAD implanted from 2007 to 2010 (C-LVAD). Results: 1244 pts were hospitalized for HF in one year. 191 were excluded due to age and 270 for other causes. 59 out of the remaining 783 pts had LVEF 0.35 and received inotropes, but only 38 (3%) were considered appropriate potential LVAD candidates after hospital chart review. Inhospital mortality was 5/38 (13%). Within 1-year, 8 pts underwent to heart transplant and 3 to LVAD with 10 surviving; 8/16 (50%) of medically managed pts died. In-hospital mortality after 2007-2010 C-LVAD implantation was 5/27 (18.5%). In 1-year, 3 pts were transplanted and only 1/20 pts remaining on LVAD died. Conclusions: Pts with HF characterized by low LVEF and the need for inotropes have a poor 1-year prognosis on medical therapy and would probably benefit from LVAD. The proportion of pts potentially candidates for LVAD is low with respect to the total population of HF, but the absolute number is high due to the prevalence of this syndrome.
Enhancing Community Pharmacy Through Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences

The pressures driving the need for an expanded practice scope in community pharmacy have been building for the past 2 decades. Many pharmacists have chosen to embrace the pharmaceutical care model in their practice sites to meet patient and healthcare system needs. The potential for medication therapy management (MTM) services provide an additional career opportunity for pharmacy graduates. Colleges of pharmacy offer advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) in the community setting that are designed to prepare students for these opportunities. These sites provide students with the opportunity to observe the integration of pharmaceutical care activities into community practice. Although developing an APPE site is challenging, serving as a preceptor benefits the students, the site, and the patients served. Therefore, colleges of pharmacy and community pharmacists are collaborating to increase the number of APPE sites to prepare pharmacy students for practice today and tomorrow.
The LLC-type series resonant converter-variable switching frequency control

A novel converter is derived by adding an inductor in parallel with the resonant capacitor of the conventional series resonant converter (SRC). It is shown that the control characteristics of the new converter are much improved over those of the conventional SRC. Another advantage of the new converter over the conventional SRC is that it has less component stresses. Based on the characteristic curves derived from the analysis, a systematic design procedure for the new converter is devised. Experimental results are presented. >
Rethinking Mitral Valve Surgery During the Golden Years

The benefit of mitral valve (MV) surgery in elderly patients remains a major area of controversy in the treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR). The article by Vassileva et al1 in this issue of Circulation examines contemporary data from Medicare to determine how older patients fare after undergoing isolated MV surgery. This topic has important health and economic implications, given the high prevalence of hemodynamically significant MR in patients >75 years of age.2 Older studies have shown high mortality in elderly patients undergoing MV replacement in excess of 14%, even >20% in low-volume centers.3 However, concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery is common in older patients, and previous MV surgery studies in the elderly contained a mix of patients often needing coronary artery bypass graft surgery or interventions on other valves. In addition, the studies included both MV repair and MV replacement patients, undoubtedly skewing the risk profile because mortality and adverse outcomes for MV replacement have consistently been shown to be higher in most studies.4–8 Article see p 1870 Because of this higher mortality, the most recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association valve guidelines9 suggest that a different standard of care should be applied for elderly patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic MR. The guidelines suggest a conservative, medical management approach in these patients. This recommendation is based on natural history studies and expert consensus rather than randomized trial data of surgical versus conservative management. In contrast to asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, the recommendation is for operative repair in symptomatic patients, regardless of age, when the patient is a reasonable candidate. Over the years, increasing numbers of patients have received MV repair as opposed to replacement, with a rate of 69% in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database in 2007 …
Directed Mutagenesis and Plasmid-Based Complementation in the Methanogenic Archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A Demonstrated by Genetic Analysis of Proline Biosynthesis

We report here the first use of directed mutagenesis in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A. The method employs homologous recombination-mediated gene replacement and was used to construct a variety of proline auxotrophs with mutations in the proABC locus. Each mutation was also complemented in trans with autonomously replicating Methanosarcina-Escherichia plasmid shuttle vectors.
A randomized, controlled trial of foscarnet in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS

Abstract ▪Objective:To evaluate foscarnet sodium in treating cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. ▪Patients:Twenty-four previously untreated persons with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retini...
A Meta-Analysis of Cohesion and Performance Effects of Level of Analysis and Task Interdependence

This study extends previous work reviewing the cohesion-performance relationship by using meta-analytic techniques to assess the effects of level of analysis and task interdependence on the cohesio...
Searching for multiple targets using Probabilistic Quadtrees

We consider the problem of searching for an unknown number of static targets inside an assigned area. The search problem is tackled using Probabilisitic Quadtrees (PQ), a data structure we recently introduced. Probabilistic quadtrees allow for a variable resolution representation and naturally induce a search problem where the searcher needs to choose not only where to sense, but also the sensing resolution. Through a Bayesian approach accommodating faulty sensors returning both false positives and missed detections, a posterior distribution about the location of the targets is propagated during the search effort. In this paper we extend our previous findings by considering the problem of searching for an unknown number of targets. Moreover, we substitute our formerly used heuristic with an approach based on information gain and expected costs. Finally, we provide some convergence results showing that in the worst case our model provides the same results as uniform grids, thus guaranteeing that the representation we propose gracefully degrades towards a known model. Extensive simulation results substantiate the properties of the method we propose, and we also show that our variable resolution method outperforms traditional methods based on uniform resolution grids.
Anti-cancer activity of glucosamine through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation

Background We have reported that the glucosamine suppressed the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 through inhibition of STAT3 signaling. DU145 cells autonomously express IL-6 and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling is activated. IL-6 receptor subunits are subject to N-glycosylation, a posttranslational modification which is important for protein stability and function. We speculated that the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by glucosamine might be a functional consequence of the reduced N-glycosylation of gp130.
Macleod Revisited: Sperm Count Distributions in 374 Fertile Men From 1971 to 1994

Abstract Objectives. There has been an enormous amount of interest as to whether sperm counts are declining over time. We sought to compare a contemporary group of fertile men to those from the MacLeod study of 1951 to ascertain whether sperm counts in fertile men have changed over time. Methods. We obtained sperm count data from 374 fertile men who banked sperm in Minnesota prior to vasectomy from 1971 to 1994 and compared them to sperm count distributions from the 1000 fertile men of MacLeod’s study. Semen analyses were performed as per World Health Organization guidelines using identical techniques in both the present and MacLeod studies. Results. The contemporary group had a mean sperm count of 102 ± 81 × 106/mL (median 85 × 106/mL) compared to 107 ± 74 × 106/mL (median 90 × 106/mL) for MacLeod’s data. There are no significant differences in mean or median sperm counts or sperm count distributions between the groups. Conclusions. We find remarkable similarities in sperm count distributions in cohorts of fertile men from 1951 and 1971 to 1994. Sperm counts in fertile men have not changed appreciably in the 40 years since MacLeod’s report.
Typing of Herpesvirus hominis strains by a direct immunofluorescent technique.

SummaryA direct immunofluorescent (FA) test was used to facilitate typing of Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) strains. Using specific dilutions of fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-type 1 and anti-type 2 sera, HVH strains grown in HEp-2 cells could be typed as 1 if they reacted with both conjugated sera and as type 2 if they reacted only with anti-type 2 sera. In addition, a difference in staining between type 1 and type 2 infected cells was observed: type 1 infected cells showed perinuclear staining and fluorescent granules with either conjugated serum; type 2 infected cells showed no coarse granules and had both perinuclear and nuclear staining.There was total agreement between results using the FA technique and those obtained previously by a mieroneutralization (MN) test in the typing of 95 HVH isolates. When an additional 96 HVH isolates were tested by the FA technique only, the type found correlated well with site of isolation. Current experience with 322 HVH isolates typed by the MN test only, FA test onl...
Relationships between moisture contents of cottonseed flakes and water in miscellas from extractions with acetone-cyclohexane azeotropes

A method for determining the composition of acetone, hexane and water mixtures was adapted for use with acetone, cyclohexane and water mixtures. Techniques for drying cottonseed flakes to different moisture contents for extraction with acetone-cyclohexane azeotropes were devised. Tests for possible gossypol binding occurring during the drying operation were made. Bench scale extractions yielded data which show the water resulting in miscellas when extracting cottonseed flakes at various moisture levels. It is envisioned that in a commercial process utilizing an acetone-cyclohexane-water mixture to produce cottonseed protein products for food uses, the water in the extracting mixture would be stablized at a level somewhere between the 0 and 3% by wt water levels of the two azeotropes used in these studies. Efforts are currently being devoted to defining the optimum practical water level that could be easily attained in commercial usage. Additional products evaluations will also be made.
Development and Testing of a Ceramic Turbocharger Rotor

This paper describes the development of a ceramic turbocharger at Ford Motor Company, Engineering and Research Staff. The potential advantages of reduced turbocharger and vehicle response time and manufacturing cost savings have made the ceramic turbocharger rotor a subject of interest to automotive, ceramic, and turbocharger manufacturers. An Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. RH06 turbocharger was modified to incorporate a slip cast reaction bonded silicon nitride rotor to evaluate the effect of reduced rotary inertia on vehicle performance. The results of vacuum spin pit testing, turbocharger test cell testing, 2.3L spark ignition dynamometer tests, and preliminary vehicular tests, are reported.Copyright © 1981 by ASME
Proton pump inhibitors for eosinophilic oesophagitis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the significance and plausible mechanisms underlying 'proton pump inhibitor (PPI) responsive oesophageal eosinophilia' in eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). RECENT FINDINGS EoE is defined as an immune-mediated clinicopathologic condition characterized by oesophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. This new conceptual definition has been proposed partly due to a recently identified disease phenotype called 'PPI-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia'. Emerging data support the possibility that this condition represents a clinical response to anti-inflammatory properties of PPIs that are independent of effects on gastric acid. SUMMARY Currently, the diagnosis of EoE is reserved for patients with oesophageal eosinophilia and symptoms that do not respond to PPIs. This practice may not be appropriate, however, both because gastric acid suppression by PPIs might benefit EoE patients and because PPIs have anti-inflammatory properties that also might benefit EoE patients. More studies are sorely needed to understand the mechanisms underlying PPI-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia. Currently, a favourable response to PPI therapy should not be regarded as a proof of an underlying acid peptic disorder such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) nor should it preclude a diagnosis of EoE. Furthermore, it seems prudent to recommend a trial of PPI therapy for patients with oesophageal eosinophilia and symptoms, even when the diagnosis of EoE seems clear-cut.
Anticolonial Methodologies in Education: Embodying Land and Indigeneity in Chicana Feminisms

The author examines how anticolonial approaches in conversation with Chicana feminisms is a useful tool in education research. She proposes that anticolonial perspectives should be central to Chicana feminist projects if we are to take seriously the move towards decolonizing projects in education, arguing that the strength of Chicana feminist scholarship is its ability to be responsive to the multiple subjectivities, indeed colonial histories, that Chicanas embody. She concludes by showing how such a perspective can help uncover oppressive discourses and mechanisms of colonialism in education, offering social studies curriculum as an example.
On Oscillation Theorem for A Class of the Second Order Neutral Difference Equations with Several Delay Arguments

The oscillation for a class of the xecond order ucntral several delay arguments difference cqnations with variable cocfficicnts is studied. A snfficient condition is given out for oscillation of the equation and the difference operator.
The effect of prolonged pneumoperitoneum on renal function in an animal model

Background Prolonged, increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopic surgery has been associated with oliguria and anuria. Study design The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various levels of IAP on renal function. Ten groups of three adult female farm pigs were given a general anesthetic, followed by establishment of an IAP of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm Hg with CO2, 20 mm Hg with argon gas, abdominal wall lift device, renal vein occlusion (RVO), 15 mm Hg with CO2 plus dopamine administration at 2 microgram/kg/minute, or 20 mm Hg retroperitoneal CO2 insufflation. The following studies were recorded: baseline central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), cardiac output (CO), renal vein flow (RVF), renal artery pressure (RAP), selective urine output (UO), urinary osmolarity, and creatinine clearance; the parameters were repeated every 30 minutes for the four hours of the IAP study and two hours after release of the IAP. Results The results were analyzed within two main IAP groups: less than 15 mm Hg and greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg. There was no clinically significant variation in the CVP, PWP, and RAP. The CO decreased slightly and this was more significant in the greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg group. The RVF and UO decreased concomitantly and significantly in the greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg group. Even after two hours of desufflation, the RVF did not return to baseline, although the UO improved. Creatinine clearance decreased significantly in the greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg group. The RVO group exhibited similar changes in the study parameters as those seen in the greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg group, although the RVF did not improve on release of the renal vein in the RVO group. Changes were the same with an argon or CO2 IAP of 20 mm Hg. The abdominal wall lift device had an associated decrease in RVF at 15 KG force but no alteration in UO. Retroperitoneal insufflation resulted in the same decrease in RVF and UO as seen with the same IAP. Dopamine did not afford a protective effect on UO during an IAP of 15 mm Hg. Conclusions The decreased UO during prolonged IAP greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg in the animal model is associated with a corresponding decrease in RVF, but does not appear to be associated with any permanent renal derangement nor any transient histologic changes.
Chiral ground-state currents of interacting photons in a synthetic magnetic field

The intriguing many-body phases of quantum matter arise from the interplay of particle interactions, spatial symmetries, and external fields. Generating these phases in an engineered system could provide deeper insight into their nature. Using superconducting qubits, we simultaneously realize synthetic magnetic fields and strong particle interactions, which are among the essential elements for studying quantum magnetism and fractional quantum Hall phenomena. The artificial magnetic fields are synthesized by sinusoidally modulating the qubit couplings. In a closed loop formed by the three qubits, we observe the directional circulation of photons, a signature of broken time-reversal symmetry. We demonstrate strong interactions through the creation of photon vacancies, or ‘holes’, which circulate in the opposite direction. The combination of these key elements results in chiral ground-state currents. Our work introduces an experimental platform for engineering quantum phases of strongly interacting photons. Superconducting circuits, coupled to form a ring in which a photonic excitation can circulate between sites, are established as a versatile platform for studying the interplay of strong particle interactions and external fields.
Modulation of ovine fetal adrenocorticotropin secretion by androstenedione and 17beta-estradiol

Parturition in sheep is initiated by increases in activity of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We have previously reported that cortisol negative feedback efficacy is decreased at the end of gestation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that increasing plasma estrogen and/or androgen concentrations in the fetus might increase plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration, either by stimulating ACTH secretion or by altering the negative feedback effect of cortisol on ACTH. Fetal sheep were chronically catheterized and treated with no steroid (control), 17beta-estradiol, or androstenedione (each approximately 0.24 mg/day). After catheterization and implantation of steroid pellet, fetuses were subjected to two short (10 min) periods of sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension with or without pretreatment with intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone sodium succinate (0.5 microg/min) to test fetal ACTH responsiveness to stress and cortisol negative feedback efficacy. Estradiol treatment significantly increased basal plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations relative to control fetuses but did not interfere with the inhibition of ACTH secretion by cortisol. Fetal plasma ACTH responses to hypotension were significantly suppressed approximately 60% in both control and estradiol-treated groups. Androstenedione treatment significantly increased basal fetal plasma ACTH and decreased basal fetal plasma cortisol concentration. Androstenedione did not alter stimulated levels of fetal ACTH but did block the inhibition of stimulated ACTH by cortisol. We conclude that increased fetal cortisol and ACTH secretion at the end of gestation may be due to the combined effects of the gonadal steroids in that estradiol increases basal plasma ACTH secretion while androstenedione reduces cortisol negative feedback efficacy.
The Connected Patient

Partners Healthcare’s Patient Gateway (PG) system was one of the earliest patient portals implemented in the US. It offers patients the ability to view their medical information (“Health Record”), access relevant medical reference services (“Health Library”), and communicate with their physicians (“Mail Center”) (Fig. 9.1).Fig. 9.1 Patient Gateway home page, including the menu options for Mail Center, Health Record, and Health Library In addition to this patient portal, there were two other important portals for ­different user groups that are part of Patient Gateway. A support portal was created for staff to configure practice settings in preparation for a practice “go-live” and to track and manage any patient enrollment requests submitted using online web forms. A practice portal featuring message and workflow tools was created for physicians and office staff to manage incoming patient requests, create outgoing responses, set out-of-office and other automated responses, and modify web page text displayed in the patient portal.
Boundaries of π1-injective surfaces

Abstract According to a result of A. Hatcher, just finitely many boundary slopes (isotopy classes of simple closed curves) can be realized as boundaries of incompressible, ∂-incompressible surfaces in a closed, compact, orientable, irreducible 3-manifold with boundary a single torus. We consider, in this paper, proper maps of surfaces ( S , ∂S ) into a 3-manifold ( M , ∂M ) which are injective on π 1 and on relative π 1 , and which are embeddings on ∂S . We show that there exists a 3-manifold M , with boundary a single torus, in which every boundary slope is realized by the boundary of such a map. We prove a result interpreting the significance of boundary slopes of such surfaces for Dehn filling. More generally, we consider maps of surfaces S which are injective on π 1 and on relative π 1 as before, and which embed each component of ∂S , but do not necessarily embed all of ∂S . We show that there exists a 3-manifold with boundary a single torus admitting such a map of a connected surface simultaneously realizing an arbitrary finite set of boundary slopes. We also give examples generalizing the preceding constructions to the case where ∂M is a surface of higher genus.
Negation in Near‐Native French: Variation and Sociolinguistic Competence

This study investigated how adult second language (L2) speakers of French with near-native proficiency realize verbal negation, a well-known sociolinguistic variable in contemporary spoken French. Data included 10 spontaneous informal conversations between near-native speakers of French and native speakers (NSs) closely acquainted with them. Although some near-native speakers retained ne more frequently than their interlocutors, others produced ne at rates indistinguishable from the NSs. A variationist analysis of 1,877 examples of negation revealed that the near-native speakers had largely acquired the relevant linguistic and sociostylistic factors that condition NS use, although an important subset of the near-native speakers did not vary their ne use according to whether the negation appears in a lexicalized or nonlexicalized phrase. The results contribute to understanding L2 near-nativeness, specifically with respect to sociolinguistic competence in adult learners.
Nexus of Emotional and Development Geographies

Recently, the nexus of international development and emotion has received increasing attention from diverse sectors. While scholars from postcolonial, post-structural, and feminist perspectives have long called for increased attention to emotions and the more-than-rational, more recent pieces such as the World Bank's World Development Report 2015 on Mind, Society, and Behavior have also taken up the refrain that “emotions matter” in development. Whether viewed as motivating factors, explanatory devices, or phenomena to be harnessed and manipulated, emotions are emerging as a key piece in development theory and practice. This paper critically analyzes the ways in which the nexus of emotion and development has been conceptualized from various perspectives. In particular, it raises questions related to geographies of power and control and highlights the implications of this emotional turn for both the theory and practice of development.
Long wavelength metamorphic double heterojunction In0.53Ga0.47As/InAlGaAs/In0.52Al0.48As photodiodes on GaAs substrates

The design and performance of metamorphic InGaAs/InGaAlAs/InAlAs double heterojunction photodiodes fabricated on GaAs substrates are presented. A low dark current of 500 pA at 5 V bias, a responsivity of 0.6 A/W, and a -3 dB bandwidth of 38 GHz for 1.55 /spl mu/m light have been achieved by using a large bandgap drift region in conjunction with a digitally graded bandgap layer.
Competitive Swimming and Racial Disparities in Drowning

This paper provides compelling evidence of an inverse relationship between competitive swimming rates and drowning rates using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data on fatal drowning rates and membership rates from USA Swimming, the governing organization of competitive swimming in the United States. Tobit and Poisson regression models are estimated using panel data by state from 1999-2007 separately for males, females, African Americans and whites. The strong inverse relationship between competitive swimming rates and unintentional deaths through fatal drowning is most pronounced among African Americans males.
Integrating Rap Music Into Counseling With Adolescents in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program

ABSTRACTRap, hip-hop, and R&B music are often referred to as violent, misogynistic, and a reflection of a culture promoting interpersonal violence. The genre, which provides a cultural lens through which many urban adolescents forge identity and express themselves, subsequently holds potential to combat emotional and interpersonal distress. Creative techniques that incorporate music can be used to help adolescents understand and regulate coping responses to difficult and emotionally sensitive situations. This article presents a rationale and implementation strategy for incorporating rap music into counseling practices with at-risk minority adolescents enrolled in a disciplinary alternative education program. Examples of two interventions designed to assist therapists and clients using music therapeutically are presented. In addition, a discussion of the adaptations and limitations of these activities is provided.
Force Localization and Cell Shape in Epithelial Monolayers

Epithelial monolayers are a classic system of active matter, in which the component particles (cells) endogenously generate forces and change their own shapes without external stimuli. The mechanics of single cells and circular colonies of keratinocytes can be successfully described using a continuum model, however, it is not known how general this model is. Using micropatterning to constrain colonies of MDCK cells to reproducible geometries, the relationship between the shapes of individual cells within the colonies and the mechanical output of otherwise similar colonies can be assessed. We find that wild-type cells are motile with respect to the colony borders and distribute traction forces to localized hot spots that move over time, thus breaking from the continuum model. ZO-1/ZO-2 knockdown cells, which display elevated contractility and straighter cell-cell borders, are employed to examine the impact of these parameters on the magnitude and localization of traction forces.
Abstract 515: Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-19 Suppresses the Formation and Progression of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Inflammation plays an important role in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Interleukin (IL)-19 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that have been show to inhibit inflammatory process. However, its pathogenic role in AAAs is unknown. This study evaluated the effect of IL-19 treatment on the formation and progression of AAAs using transient intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) in male C57BL/6 mice. Treatment efficacy was analyzed via serial in vivo transabdominal ultrasound measurements of aortic diameters and histology at sacrifice. PPE infusion significantly increased aortic IL-19 message and protein expression as well as aortic diameter through day 14 in mice. In contrast, exogenous IL-19 therapy initiated one day prior to PPE infusion significantly suppressed subsequent aortic enlargement. Additionally, IL-19 treatment initiated four days following PPE infusion limited further progression of existing aneurysms. Exogenous IL-19 treatment, initiated either pre- or post-PPE infusion, was associated with retained medial smooth muscle cellularity and elastin fibers and attenuated mural inflammation (including reduced T & B cell and macrophage infiltration) in developing aneurysms. In conclusion, IL-19 limits the formation and progression of experimental AAAs.
Implications of Agricultural Development for Tropical Biodiversity

Biodiversity at tropical latitudes is notably great and increasingly threatened by habitat loss and the direct or indirect effects of climate change. Estimates vary but there is reasonably strong e...
Metric Entropy of Classes of Sets with Positive Reach

Sharp metric entropy estimates under Hausdorff distance are obtained for classes of bounded sets with positive reach, extending a well-known result of Bronshtein for the class of bounded convex sets.
Formation Control of a Drifting Group of Marine Robotic Vehicles

This paper presents a comparative study into three strategies for planar (2D) formation control of autonomous underwater/surface vehicles (AUVs/ASVs) in the presence of ocean or river currents. Deploying multiple AUVs in formation would provide large-scale spatial and temporal data for oceanographic research. However, multi-AUV formation control is difficult because of the communication and navigation constraints of the underwater environment. The strategies we developed to address these challenges are distributed, use relative positions of neighboring vehicles to coordinate, and leverage current to increase endurance. We present simulation results for a group of 20 AUVs operating in 4D ocean currents, and compare control strategies in terms of energy expenditure and formation quality. We validated the most promising strategy with real robot experiments using three ASVs on the Charles River, and provide an initial analysis of the data.
Aphid Sequences: Turning Fibonacci Numbers Inside Out

As he rested in his garden after a long day of writing, Fibonacci [11] noticed a pair of rabbits peaking their heads out from behind the cabbage. Instantly, another pair of baby rabbits appeared, a...
IFRS and GAAP

Foreign public firms are now permitted to file using the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) without reconciliation to US GAAP as previously required. IFRS Standards provides a high quality, internationally recognized set of accounting standards that bring transparency, accountability, and efficiency to financial markets around the world.