cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exact quantum critical points and phase separation instabilities in Betts Hubbard nanoclusters

Abstract Spontaneous phase separation instabilities with the formation of various types of charge and spin pairing (pseudo)gaps in U >0 Hubbard model including the next nearest neighbor coupling are calculated with the emphasis on the two-dimensional (square) lattices generated by 8- and 10-site Betts unit cells. The exact theory yields insights into the nature of quantum critical points, continuous transitions, dramatic phase separation instabilities and electron condensation in spatially inhomogeneous systems. The picture of coupled antiparallel (singlet) spins and paired charged holes suggests full Bose condensation and coherent pairing in real space at zero temperature of electrons complied with the Bose-Einstein statistics. Separate pairing of charge and spin degrees at distinct condensation temperatures offers a new route to superconductivity different from the BCS scenario. The conditions for spin liquid behavior coexisting with unsaturated and saturated Nagaoka ferromagnetism due to spin-charge separation are established. The phase separation critical points and classical criticalities found at zero and finite temperatures resemble a number of inhomogeneous, coherent and incoherent nanoscale phases seen near optimally doped high- T c cuprates, pnictides and CMR nanomaterials.
The envelopes of B[e] supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds

We have obtained linear polarization data of B[e] supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds. Our analysis shows that they have non-spherically symmetric envelopes, with a range of intrinsic polarizations. Comparison of our data with spectroscopic data in the literature agrees with this interpretation. The polarization correlates best with the IR excess due to dust, suggesting dust scattering as the main polarizing mechanism. Comparison of our data with data uncovered from the literature for four stars indicate that the envelopes are stable.
Definitions and Units

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The cgs-emu System of Units Magnetic Moment Intensity of Magnetization Magnetic Dipoles Magnetic Effects of Currents Magnetic Materials SI Units Magnetization Curves and Hysteresis Loops
360 degrees out of trouble: a novel wiring technique required in management of acute occlusion of a giant coronary aneurysm.

Giant coronary aneurysms in adults are rare [(1)][1]. We describe the novel management of acute myocardial infarction caused by thrombotic occlusion of a proximal circumflex giant coronary aneurysm. A 360° loop of balloon/guidewire assembly within the aneurysm was required for successful
Reply: A Potential Link between Serum Low-Density Lipoproteins and Asthma

From the Authors: We thank Drs. Scichilone and Rizzo for bringing to our attention their study investigating the association between lung function in patients with asthma and subclasses of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), as measured by gel electrophoresis (1). In particular, the finding that the LDL-3 subclass is negatively correlated with FEV1 after adjusting for differences in age, sex, and body mass index is intriguing. We believe their result is consistent with the negative association we found between percentage predicted FEV1 and subgroups of LDL particles, as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in atopic patients with asthma. We respectfully point out that we did not report an association between asthma and large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles but, rather, a positive association between FEV1% predicted and the concentration of large HDLNMR particles in patients with asthma (2). Thus, we postulate that large HDLNMR particles may modulate the severity of airflow obstruction in atopic patients with asthma. The study of the significance of lipoproteins in asthma is in its early stages yet. We agree with Drs. Scichilone and Rizzo that additional studies investigating the composition and function of subclasses of lipoprotein molecules, and the various methods used to measure them, will be necessary to better characterize the precise roles they may be playing in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Performance of a residential-sized GAX absorption chiller

This research effort involved experimentally testing an advanced-cycle, ammonia-water absorption chiller with a cooling capacity of 17.6 kW (5 refrigeration tons (RT)). The system was a generator-absorber heat exchange (GAX) cycle and was sized for residential and light commercial use, where very little absorption equipment is currently used. The components of the cycle were assembled with instrumentation, including flow meters, pressure transducers, and thermocouples. The findings of the research were cycle cooling load and coefficient of performance (COP), as well as many component heat duties and working fluid state points throughout the cycle. The COP of the chiller at essentially full load was measured at 0.68. A simulation of the GAX cycle was performed with a computer program that predicted the heat duties of each component and the cooling load of the cycle. The simulation of the GAX cycle and experimental testing compared closely. Existing market research shows that significant business opportunities exist for a GAX heat pump or chiller with a cooling COP of 0.70 or greater The work performed in this study consisted of testing a GAX cycle with a COP that approached the target value of 0. 70 and identified improvements that must be made to reach the target COP value.
Pion, Kaon, and Antiproton Production Between 10 and 70 BeV

We present a new scaling law and empirical formulas for the double differential cross section of secondary production between 10 and 70 BeV. The 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} momentum spectrum is found to scale according to the square root of the incident momentum, thus reflecting the importance of the c.m. system in the pionization process. It is pointed out that the 70-BeV production data of the Serpukhov-CERN collaboration experiment are very likely too low by a factor of \ensuremath{\sim} 2.5.
An examination of electricity consumption patterns in manufactured housing units

For several decades, manufactured housing has been a crucial source of affordable housing, particularly for rural areas. However, electricity consumption per unit area and per capita are substantially higher for manufactured housing units relative to site built, single-family detached units. This article uses data from the federal Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) to examine patterns of electricity consumption in manufactured housing units over time and to draw comparisons with single-family detached housing units. Regression analysis is used to model annual electricity consumption for manufactured housing units in 1990 and 2005. Temporal trends in key predictors are discussed and contrasted with those for single-family detached units. Findings suggest that the most important predictors of electricity consumption are comparable across the housing types considered and that while manufactured housing units may be gaining in energy efficiency over time, consumption per unit area and per capita are...
Immunogenicity and antigenicity of defined linear determinants of the MN sialoglycoprotein glycophorin A.

Many epitopes of the blood group MN sialoglycoprotein glycophorin A (GPA) are clinically important and have been implicated in alloimmunization and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. However, the factors that contribute to the immunogenicity and antigenicity of GPA epitopes are poorly understood. To study this question, linear determinants were defined to include all GPA exofacial regions that were free of linked carbohydrate (GPA 27–34, GPA 52–62, and GPA 65–70), and peptides corresponding to these amino acids were synthesized. All defined GPA determinants were shown to contain residues accessible to the immune system. Immunogenicity was measured by binding rabbit antisera, produced by using red cells (RBCs), RBC membrane, and purified GPA as immunogens, to peptide antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GPA 27–34 and GPA 52–62 were shown to be immunogenic, but GPA 65–70 was not. Comparison of the binding of antisera to peptide and purified GPA antigens showed that the defined determinants were less immunogenic than other, nondefined GPA epitopes. Antigenicity algorithms (hydrophilicity, surface probability, flexibility, and antigenic index) predicted that GPA 27–34 and, to a lesser extent, GPA 52–62 would be antigenic, while GPA 65–70 would be nonantigenic. Antigenicity, measured by the binding of rabbit antipeptide sera to RBCs, RBC membrane, and purified GPA, was demonstrated for the GPA 52–62 determinant alone. Results differed among molecular forms of GPA, which indicated that the specific conformation assumed by GPA is important in determining the immunogenicity and antigenicity of its epitopes. GPA immunogenicity and antigenicity are distinct phenomena that do not always predict one another, and, while accessibility to the immune system is required for immunogenicity and antigenicity, it alone is insufficient for either.
Alterations in liver nucleic acids and nucleotides in arginine deficient rats.

Abstract Dietary arginine deficiency is associated with retarded growth and depressed feed intake. Nucleic acid biosynthesis as indicated by the incorporation of [6-14C]-orotic acid and [32p]-orthophosphate was significantly depressed in rats fed an arginine deficient diet. The activities of the pyrimidine enzymes, aspartate transcarbamylase (ATC) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) were significantly increased in rats fed an arginine deficient diet. ATC and DHODH activities in rats fed the arginine deficient diet returned to control activities after 3 wk of feeding. Orotidine 5′ phosphate decarboxylase and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase activities were not affected by dietary arginine availability. In the rat fed an arginine deficient diet there was an increase in total liver pyrimidine nucleotides and a decrease in the total purine nucleotides. Significant alterations in the individual liver nucleotides were also observed. Incubation of various tissues obtained from rats fed an arginine deficient diet or a complete diet with glutamine (5mM) revealed that the liver is the major site of orotic acid synthesis. Orotic acid production in liver slices using glutamine as the nitrogen source was significantly greater in rats fed an arginine deficient diet compared to controls. The orotic aciduria occurring in rats fed an arginine deficient diet is associated with increased synthesis and decreased utilization of pyrimidines.
Anatomical and visual results of transconjunctival sutureles vitrectomy using subconjunctival anesthesia performed on select patients taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents

Purpose The purpose of this study was to report the observed outcomes of anticoagulated patients undergoing transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomies using subconjunctival anesthesia without preoperative cessation of anticoagulation and antiplatelet (AC/AP) agents. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients taking AC/AP agents who were undergoing transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomies with subconjunctival anesthesia between January 2007 and June 2009. Intra- and postoperative complications (such as massive hemorrhage), anatomical results, satisfactory analgesia (informed by patients and recorded by surgeon), anatomical results, and visual acuity were documented. Results Sixty-three surgeries were performed on 56 eyes of 52 patients. Thirty-two patients were taking aspirin and clopidogrel, 18 were taking warfarin, 5 were taking clopidogrel, 3 were taking aspirin and warfarin, 2 were taking acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole, and 1 was taking warfarin and clopidogrel. All patients had satisfactory analgesia. No intraoperative complications occurred. Seven eyes (13%) had postoperative vitreous hemorrhage. Overall, 79% of patients had improved postoperative visual acuity, 16% of patients had unchanged visual acuity, and 5% of patients had worse visual acuity at last follow-up visit. Conclusion Medical disease requiring systemic AC/AP therapy is often present in patients with vitreoretinal disease. Transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomies using subconjunctival anesthesia may be a safe and effective surgical option in select patients in whom cessation of AC/AP and/or delayed ophthalmic intervention is imprudent.
Recherches cliniques sur 300 CAS d'allergie aux piqures d'hyménoptères

Resume Nous avons etudie 300 malades dont les symptomes etaient declenches par une seule piqure d'hymenoptere. Tous etaient en bonne sante au moment de la piqure. Nous avons analyse pour chaque malade l'âge, le sexe, le metier, les antecedents familaux et personnels, les reactions anterieures a la penicilline, le nombre de piqures anterieures, l'endroit de la piqure, le genre d'insecte responsable, l'intervalle entre la piqure et l'apparition des symptomes, leur variete. Nous avons tente d'interpreter quelques-unes des donnees que nous avons observees ; il serait interessant d'etudier d'autres aspects de ces cas comme les anticorps presents dans la peau et dans le serum, la desensibilisation de ces malades, les resultats des traitements institues, les mecanismes qui declenchent les symptomes. Ce sera le sujet d'un travail ulterieur.
Performance of Surface Aerators in Saline Pond Waters

Abstract Although the solubility of oxygen in water decreases as salinity increases, the rate at which an aerator transfers oxygen to water is not affected by salinity. A method for predicting aerator performance in saline water ponds is presented.
Fiscal year 2013 energy department budget: Proposed investments in clean energy research

Energy and environmental research programs generally fared well in President Barack Obama's proposed budget for the Department of Energy (DOE) for fiscal year (FY) 2013. In his State of the Union address, Obama called for the United States to pursue an “all of the above” energy strategy that includes fossil fuels, as well as a variety of renewable sources of energy. The DOE budget request supports that strategy, Energy Secretary Steven Chu said in a 13 February press briefing announcing the budget proposal. The proposed budget gives DOE $27.2 billion overall, a 3.2% increase from the FY 2012 enacted budget (see Table 1). This budget “reflects some tough choices,” Chu said. The proposed budget would cut $4 billion in subsidies for oil and gas companies; many Republican members of Congress have already indicated that they oppose such cuts, suggesting that congressional approval of this budget may run into stumbling blocks. The budget would also cut funding for research and development projects that are already attracting private-sector investment or that are not working, and would reduce some of the department's operational costs.
Predicting abandoned housing: does the operational definition of abandonment matter?

“Abandonment” is a term that has no agreed-upon definition in the housing literature. As a result, different measures of housing abandonment have been used by researchers and practitioners. However, it is not clear whether the various measures capture the same construct. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test whether three operational definitions of housing abandonment (tax delinquency as a proxy for abandonment, abandonment as identified by foot survey, and abandonment defined as “other vacant” by the census bureau) produce different results when used in prediction models. The study finds that the statistically significant predictors vary substantially from model to model. This finding is important to researchers and policy-makers since it indicates that proxies of housing abandonment are likely not equivalent, and that it may be necessary to conduct foot surveys in order to capture the intended construct.
Influence of Milk and Thermophilus Milk on Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Hepatic Cholesterogenesis in Rats

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of milk, Thermophilus milk and methanol solubles of milk and Thermophilus milk on the plasma cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesterogenesis using laboratory rats. In experiment I, white Wistar male rats of 328g initial average weight were assigned to three dietary treatments consisting of: (1) commercial rat chow + water, (2) commercial rat chow + skim milk, and (3) commercial rat chow +Thermophilus milk. In the second experiment, the methanol solubles of whole milk and Thermophilus milk were given by gastric intubation to white Wistar male rats in six treatment groups. The methanol solubles were given at levels of 1 ml and 2 ml, and the control groups received similar quantities of H2O. In the third experiment, liver tissue from white Wistar male rats was used to study the in vitro hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Consumption of Thermophilus milk by the rats in experiment 1 resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol levels, The liver cholesterol levels were lower in the group receiving Thermophilus milk than the group receiving skim milk. Similar results were seen with feeding of methanol solubles. The in vitro hepatic cholesterogenesis was inhibited by methanol solubles from milk and Thermophilus milk, the inhibition being much more with methanol solubles from Thermophilus milk. The metabolites produced during fermentation of milk may be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of Thermophilus milk.
Default mode network mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression

Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an established treatment for depression, but its underlying mechanism of action remains unknown. Abnormalities in two large-scale neuronal networks-the frontoparietal central executive network (CEN) and the medial prefrontal-medial parietal default mode network (DMN)-are consistent findings in depression and potential therapeutic targets for TMS. Here, we assessed the impact of TMS on activity in these networks and their relation to treatment response. Methods We used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure functional connectivity within and between the DMN and CEN in 17 depressed patients, before and after a 5-week course of TMS. Motivated by prior reports, we focused on connectivity seeded from the DLPFC and the subgenual cingulate, a key region closely aligned with the DMN in depression. Connectivity was also compared with a cohort of 35 healthy control subjects. Results Before treatment, functional connectivity in depressed patients was abnormally elevated within the DMN and diminished within the CEN, and connectivity between these two networks was altered. Transcranial magnetic stimulation normalized depression-related subgenual hyperconnectivity in the DMN but did not alter connectivity in the CEN. Transcranial magnetic stimulation also induced anticorrelated connectivity between the DLPFC and medial prefrontal DMN nodes. Baseline subgenual connectivity predicted subsequent clinical improvement. Conclusions Transcranial magnetic stimulation selectively modulates functional connectivity both within and between the CEN and DMN, and modulation of subgenual cingulate connectivity may play an important mechanistic role in alleviating depression. The results also highlight potential neuroimaging biomarkers for predicting treatment response.
Derivation of temperature and humidity profiles from ground-based high-resolution infrared emission and transmission spectra

Transmission spectra recorded using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site are analyzed in order to derive atmospheric temperature profiles. The analysis is carried out using the Sequential Evaluation Algorithm for Simultaneous and Concurrent Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameter Estimates (SEASCRAPE) code, which uses a priori information to arrive at a statistically meaningful retrieval. Two different a priori profiles are used, the first is the SEASCRAPE retrieved temperature and water vapor profiles derived from ARM SGP emission spectra recorded near in time to the transmission spectra, the second is a sonde average temperature profile with a reasonable local water profile also used for the initial emission retrievals. We find that the best results are arrived at by using the emission retrieval as the a priori profiles as the initial starting point. Using the sonde a priori results in temperature and water vapor profiles that do not replicate the spectrum well.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Porous hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute in diaphyseal defects: A histometric study

Porous hydroxyapatite (IP200), formed by conversion of the Poritidae porites exoskeleton, has pores averaging 230 microns and pore interconnections averaging 190 microns in diameter. In the distal radial diaphyses of 14 dogs, bilateral 7.5 X 20 mm cortical windows were created and fitted with 5 X 7.5 X 20 mm blocks of IP200 implants and iliac autografts. Both implanted and contralateral grafted radius specimens were retrieved at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months. Unstained undecalcified sections were examined by microradiography and UV epi-illumination. Stained undecalcified sections were examined by light microscopy and quantitated by histometric methods. Implant specimens demonstrated good union and bone ingrowth at all time intervals. The implant specimens were composed of (mean +/- SE) 10.6% +/- 1.0% soft tissue, 51.2% +/- 1.3% bone, and 38.2% +/- 1.0% IP200. The graft specimens showed good union with little apparent ingrowth at 3 months, followed by progressive appositional closure of cancellous spaces. The graft specimens contained 21.9% +/- 0.9% bone at 3 months with increases at each time interval to 73.1% +/- 8.7% at 48 months. The volume fraction and mean width of IP200 did not change with time, confirming the absence of implant biodegradation. The volume fraction and mean width of bone remained stable in the implant but increased in the graft specimens, corresponding to graft neocortex formation. It is concluded that implants initially filled in with bone while grafts initially replaced much of their spongiosa and subsequently filled in with bone. Histometry of untreated defects and measurement of mechanical properties are suggested for further study.
Computer-Assisted Psychological Evaluation as Legal Evidence: Some Day My Prints Will Come

Abstract The status of computer-assisted psychological evaluation as legal evidence is inseparable from the general status of psychological evaluation. We review legal criteria for expertise and clinical psychology's problems meeting these standards. Factors that impede reliable and valid psychological evaluation are described, including problematic judgment practices and constraints in the capacity to manage complex data. Although computer-assisted psychological evaluation might circumvent or attenuate factors that limit clinical judgment accuracy, such possibilities largely await development. The limited research on the equivalence of standard and computerized testing formats and on the validity of computer-based test interpretations are critical problems. Most available validation research examines the match between computerized interpretations and clinicians' appraisals that themselves lack demonstrated accuracy or external validity. Almost no research examines facets of incremental validity that could help clinicians select programs or integrate computerized interpretations with other data sources or clinical interpretations. The clinician who relies on computer assistance may thus be even more vulnerable in the courtroom than the clinician who uses no such aids.
The Use of Methoxyl Groups in Forage and Fecal Materials as an Index of the Feeding Value of Forages

Summary The relationship of the methoxyl content of forage and of feces to the digestibility and to the content of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract has been studied at three different growth stages of pasture herbage. The relationship of the lignin to the methoxyl content and to the contents of the proximate constituents of the plant also have been studied. The digestibility of forage dry matter was correlated negatively with the amount of lignin (−0.989) and of methoxyl (−0.991) in the forage consumed. A highly significant negative correlation (−0.974) also existed between the methoxyl content of the feces and the digestible dry matter content of the forage. The correlation (0.425) between the lignin content of the feces and amount of digestible dry matter in the forage consumed was not significant. The crude protein content of the feces also was correlated very highly with the digestible dry matter content of the forage (0.962). This study indicates that the methoxyl content of forages and/or feces may prove, with further study, to be equal or superior to the lignin content as an index of the digestibility of forages. If this should prove to be valid for all forages, the analytical task would be simplified because the procedure for the determination of methoxyl is simpler than that for lignin. In addition, when methoxyl is determined, a distinct chemical radical is measured. This is not true in the determination of lignin by present methods.
Ligand Depot: a data warehouse for ligands bound to macromolecules

Summary: Ligand Depot is an integrated data resource for finding information about small molecules bound to proteins and nucleic acids. The initial release (version 1.0, November, 2003) focuses on providing chemical and structural information for small molecules found as part of the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Ligand Depot accepts keyword-based queries and also provides a graphical interface for performing chemical substructure searches. A wide variety of web resources that contain information on small molecules may also be accessed through Ligand Depot. Availability: Ligand Depot is available at http://ligand-depot.rutgers.edu/. Version 1.0 supports multiple operating systems including Windows, Unix, Linux and the Macintosh operating system. The current drawing tool works in Internet Explorer, Netscape and Mozilla on Windows, Unix and Linux.
Predicting Ground Effects of Omnidirectional Antennas in Wireless Sensor Networks

Omnidirectional antennas are often used for radio frequency (RF) communication in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Outside noise, electromagnetic interference (EMI), overloaded network traffic, large obstacles (vegetation and buildings), terrain and atmospheric composition, along with climate patterns can degrade signal quality in the form of data packet loss or reduced RF communication range. This paper explores the RF range reduction properties of a particular WSN designed to operate in agricultural crop fields to collect aggregate data composed of subsurface soil moisture and soil temperature. Our study, using simulation, anechoic and field measurements shows that the effect of antenna placement close to the ground (within 10 cm) signi?cantly changes the omnidirectional transmission pattern. We then develop and propose a prediction method that is more precise than current practices of using the Friis and Fresnel equations. Our prediction method takes into account environmental properties for RF communication range based on the height of nodes and gateways.
The effects of electrophoretically separated lens proteins on lens regeneration in Diemyctylus viridescens

In the present study, lenses were removed from the eyes of adult anesthetized newts, macerated in 0.03 M borate buffer at pH 8.6, and separated by starch gel electrophoresis. Upon staining with amido black 10-B, seven distinct staining areas appeared in the blocks. Three bands moved toward the anode, and three toward the cathode. In addition, a seventh moiety represented by a smear of material moved toward the anode. One millimeter times five tenths millimeter plugs were removed from each of these areas and were placed into freshly lentectomized eyes. Plugs from most strongly positive and most weakly negative proteins inhibited lens regeneration. In addition, plugs from the area containing the weakly negative protein induced either lenses with aberrant polarity or double centered lenses with centers of opposed polarity. All other protein bands had no significant effect on regeneration. In addition to the above experiments, homogenates and proteinase-digested homogenates of lenses were injected into eyes following lentectomy. Three 5-μl samples were injected in each case over a six day period. Injection of the plain homogenate stimulated lens regeneration markedly, while the proteinase destroyed the stimulatory activity. Theoretical considerations of the above data are discussed.
The effects of diversity on group productivity and member withdrawal in online volunteer groups

The "wisdom of crowds" argument emphasizes the importance of diversity in online collaborations, such as open source projects and Wikipedia. However, decades of research on diversity in offline work groups have painted an inconclusive picture. On the one hand, the broader range of insights from a diverse group can lead to improved outcomes. On the other hand, individual differences can lead to conflict and diminished performance. In this paper, we examine the effects of group diversity on the amount of work accomplished and on member withdrawal behaviors in the context of WikiProjects. We find that increased diversity in experience with Wikipedia increases group productivity and decreases member withdrawal -- up to a point. Beyond that point, group productivity remains high, but members are more likely to withdraw. Strikingly, no such diminishing returns were observed for differences in member interest, which increases productivity and decreases member withdrawal in a linear fashion. Our results suggest that the low visibility of individual differences in online groups may allow them to harvest more of the benefits of diversity while bearing less of the cost. We discuss how our findings can inform further research of online collaboration.
Characterization of equine oviductal proteins synthesized and released at estrus and at day 4 after ovulation in bred and nonbred mares

Proteins synthesized and released in vitro by oviducts collected from horse mares during estrus and at day 4 after ovulation for bred and nonbred mares were examined by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D SDS PAGE) and fluorography. Ampullary and isthmic regions both produced a wide array of nondialyzable proteins in culture. Major proteins or groups of proteins identified according to relative molecular weight (kDa) and apparent isoelectric point (pI) were at 100kDa, PI8; 100–200 kDa, PI6; 150 kDa, PI4.5;60–100 kDa, PI 4; and an array of polypeptides at 21–22 kDa, pI 5–6. Oviductal secretory activity, measured by incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into nondialyzable macromolecules released into incubation medium, was greater (P <.01) for the ampullary than the isthmic oviductal region. No consistent differences were observed in fluorograms between estrus vs. day 4 after ovulation, ampulla vs. isthmus, ipsilateral vs. contralateral to the corpus luteum or largest follicle, oviducts from bred vs. nonbred mares, or mare ages. Dialyzed medium from ampullary and isthmic regions of oviducts was subjected to 1-D or 2-D SDS PAGE followed by western blotting utilizing an antiserum directed against human retinol binding protein (RBP). The family of 21–22 kDA polypeptides was identified as immunoreactive RBP. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Status of ITER research and development in the USA

The US Home Team, in close collaboration with the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Joint Central Team and other Home Teams, performs certain technology research and development tasks for the ITER Project. This paper provides an overview of the current status of such tasks. The US Home Team devotes most of its effort to the central solenoid model coil and the divertor cassette projects. Additional efforts are devoted to safety issues, first wall materials, vacuum vessel welding, ion cyclotron heating components, fueling and tritium components and diagnostics. In general, good progress has been made towards meeting the objectives of the engineering design activities phase.
Physiology of interspecific chemical communication in Heliothis moths.

Electroantennograms were recorded from the antennae of adult male and female corn earworms, Heliothis zea (Boddie). A total of seventeen female moth sex pheromone components from several species were tested. Of these, two components elicited significantly greater responses than the other fifteen. These were (Z)-11-hexadecenal, a conspecific component, and (Z)-9-tetradecenal, a component found in the pheromone blend of a sympatric species H.virescens (F.) that inhibits attraction of H.zea males. The results from dose-response and selective adaptation studies indicate that there are separate populations of receptors for these two chemical signals on the antenna of male H.zea. The more sensitive population is selective for (Z)-11-hexadecenal, while the less sensitive one responds to (Z)-9-tetradecenal. These findings provide a physiological basis by which H.zea males can distinguish the interspecific repellent from the conspecific pheromone blend. It is likely that this discrimination contributes to reproductive isolation between these two species.
Competitive Adsorption of Egg White Proteins at the Air−Water Interface: Direct Evidence for Electrostatic Complex Formation between Lysozyme and Other Egg Proteins at the Interface

The competitive adsorption of five major egg white proteins, viz., ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovoglobulins, ovomucoid, and lysozyme, from a bulk solution having relative protein concentration ratio...
The absence of an isotope effect on the stability of the poly- -benzyl-L-aspartate -helix in aprotic solvents.

Optical rotatory dispersion measurements were used to follow the transition from the helical to the random coil conformation of poly-β-benzyl-L-aspartate as induced by changes in temperature and solvent composition in mixtures of dioxane and dimethylsulfoxide. Within experimental error, there is no difference in the stability of the helical state as measured in this way for the protonated and deuterated forms of the polypeptide. This result is considered in terms of previous attempts to study the isotope effect on conformational transitions of helical biological macromolecules and polypeptides. The conclusion is drawn that the apparent changes in conformational stability observed in these previous systems arise from alteration of the properties of the solvent. Speculations are advanced regarding the contribution of the interpeptide bond to the stability of the helical state.
Overview of child forensic psychiatry

The subspecialty of child forensic psychiatry has come into existence relatively recently. The first text on the subject was not published until 1980 [1]. The slow emergence of this field as a recognized subspecialty compared to that of general child psychiatry and adult forensic psychiatry is because of the fact that child forensic psychiatry could not exist until children gained legal rights, and courts needed to know the impact of a child’s mental state on those rights. The first recognized interface between law and children was in the area of child abuse and neglect. For centuries, children were treated legally as chattel, property of their fathers. Because the father worked to support his children, he was free to do with them as he saw fit, without any rules or regulations from governmental sources. This treatment included the right to be abusive to them. It was not until the late nineteenth century that society deemed such behavior objectionable, as demonstrated by the first successful prosecution of a case of child abuse, which was based on a cruelty to animals statute because there was no such law relating to children. Subsequently, the federal government and every state enacted laws that proscribed child abuse and neglect. These governmental regulations created a need for child trained forensic mental health practitioners, both psychiatrists and social workers. The article by Leavitt and Armitage in this issue describes the function of the child forensic psychiatrist in assessing abuse. Similarly, in the area of criminal law, the need for psychiatric expertise arose once juveniles were given certain rights. The process began when the first juvenile court went into operation in Cook County, Illinois in 1899. Subsequently, every US jurisdiction enacted laws to give juveniles special handling. It was not until the 1960s that juveniles began to get any rights in court, however. In three landmark decisions, the US Supreme Court gave juveniles most of the due process rights accorded to adults [2–4]. In subsequent years, juveniles obtained the right to be competent before being tried [5] and, in some jurisdictions, the
Response of a Simple Tension Leg Platform Model to Wave Forces Calculated at Displaced Position

Calcul, sur un modele simple a un seul degre de liberte de plateforme a jambe de tension, des forces des vagues, dans des champs deterministe et stochastique, sur une telle plateforme en position deplacee
DOSAGE EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM PICOLINATE ON GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION IN THE RAT

Abstract This 12-week study examined the effects of six different levels of dietary chromium (Cr) (0, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1500 ppb Cr) in the form of Cr picolinate (CrPic) upon growth and body composition in the rat. Ninety male Harlan Sprague-Dawley weanling rats arrived in three groups of 30 animals (referred to as Blocks 1, 2, and 3). Five animals from each block were assigned to each treatment resulting in a 6 × 3 (treatment X block) Randomized Block Design. Body composition was assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). At Week 5, significant treatment X block interactions were found for fat weight and percent body fat (P ≤ 0.05), but there were only trends at Week 10 (P ≤ 0.10). These interactions reflected decreases in body fat for Block 1 that corresponded with increasing CrPic levels in the diet. No interactions nor treatment effects were seen for growth rate, lean body mass, or tissue weights, but most block effects were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). A significant treatment X block interaction for feed intake (P = 0.01) revealed a decrease for Blocks 1 and 2, but an increase for Block 3, at the highest CrPic level. Except for the highest dietary level, body fat reductions for Block 1 occurred without decreases in feed intake, implicating a possible dietary-induced thermogenic effect of CrPic. It was concluded that genetic differences between the blocks of animals could have accounted for some of the differential effects of CrPic supplementation. © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.
BATMAV: a 2-DOF bio-inspired flapping flight platform

Due to the availability of small sensors, Micro-Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) can be used for detection missions of biological, chemical and nuclear agents. Traditionally these devices used fixed or rotary wings, actuated with electric DC motortransmission, a system which brings the disadvantage of a heavier platform. The overall objective of the BATMAV project is to develop a biologically inspired bat-like MAV with flexible and foldable wings for flapping flight. This paper presents a flight platform that features bat-inspired wings which are able to actively fold their elbow joints. A previous analysis of the flight physics for small birds, bats and large insects, revealed that the mammalian flight anatomy represents a suitable flight platform that can be actuated efficiently using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) artificial-muscles. A previous study of the flight styles in bats based on the data collected by Norberg [1] helped to identify the required joint angles as relevant degrees of freedom for wing actuation. Using the engineering theory of robotic manipulators, engineering kinematic models of wings with 2 and 3-DOFs were designed to mimic the wing trajectories of the natural flier Plecotus auritus. Solid models of the bat-like skeleton were designed based on the linear and angular dimensions resulted from the kinematic models. This structure of the flight platform was fabricated using rapid prototyping technologies and assembled to form a desktop prototype with 2-DOFs wings. Preliminary flapping test showed suitable trajectories for wrist and wingtip that mimic the flapping cycle of the natural flyer.
Economic cognition in humans and animals: the search for core mechanisms

Over the past few decades, research in judgment and decision-making has revealed that decision-makers, though not always rational, are often quite predictable. Here, we attempt to explore the nature of this systematicity with a different approach to decision-making. Specifically, we propose that some of the systematicity of human decision-making may result from the operation of core knowledge mechanisms, domain-specific learning mechanisms with characteristic processing limitations. In this review, we describe the core knowledge approach and argue that at least some aspects of human decision-making have the signature characteristics of a core knowledge system, namely, such strategies develop early in ontogeny and are shared with closely related primate relatives.
Thermal instability in a horizontal fluid layer: effect of boundary conditions and non-linear temperature profile

An investigation is carried out to determine the conditions marking the onset of convective motion in a horizontal fluid layer in which a negative temperature gradient occurs somewhere within the layer. In such cases, fluid of greater density is situated above fluid of lesser density. Consideration is given to a variety of thermal and hydrodynamic boundary conditions at the surfaces which bound the fluid layer. The thermal conditions include fixed temperature and fixed heat flux at the lower bounding surface, and a general convective-radiative exchange at the upper surface which includes fixed temperature and fixed heat flux as special cases. The hydrodynamic boundary conditions include both rigid and free upper surfaces with a rigid lower bounding surface. It is found that the Rayleigh number marking the onset of motion is greatest for the boundary condition of fixed temperature and decreases monotonically as the condition of fixed heat flux is approached. Non-linear temperature distributions in the fluid layer may result from internal heat generation. With increasing departures from the linear temperature profile, it is found that the fluid layer becomes more prone to instability, that is, the critical Rayleigh number decreases.
Stabilization of a class of linear time-delay systems†

Abstract Sufficient conditions for memoryless feedback stabilization of linear time-invariant delay systems are derived. Conditions for this class of system to be stabilized with any desired stability degree are also determined.
Retreat from Politics: The Cynic in Modern Times

This essay examines contemporary diagnoses of cynicism, issuing from scholars such as Peter Sloterdijk, Frederic Jameson, and Slavoj Zizek, to distill a clear concept of cynicism and its social and political consequences. In particular, it seeks to call into question accounts in which cynicism suddenly bursts onto the scene as a response to recent, post-1960s political disappointments and the corrosive philosophy of postmodernism. Instead, by turning to Denis Diderot's perplexing dialog Rameau's Nephew, I demonstrate that the impulse toward cynicism may lie buried much deeper in modernity, in the thought of enlightenment itself. This longer perspective helps us to understand the conditions for the emergence of cynicism today, while problematizing hard and fast distinctions between enlightenment and postmodernism. I conclude by warning against excessively moralistic denunciations of cynicism, demonstrating that such denunciations harbor the very same anti-political tendencies which they locate in cynicism. Instead, I argue we must find a form of politics appropriate to an increasingly cynical age.
Short paper: enhancing mobile application permissions with runtime feedback and constraints

We report on a field study that uses a combination of OS measurements and qualitative interviews to highlight gaps between user expectations with respect to privacy and the result of using the existing permissions architecture to install mobile apps. Most of our participants expected advertising and analytics behavior, yet they were often surprised by applications' data collection in the background and the level of data sharing with third parties that actually occurred. Given participant feedback, we propose platform support to reduce this "expectation gap" with transparency of data usage and constrained permissions.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING ON DEVELOPMENT AND GERMINATION OF GONYAULAX TAMARENSIS (DINOPHYCEAE) HYPNOZYGOTES1

Plankton samples from a dense bloom of the toxic red tide dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis Lebour were incubated in the laboratory to study the formation and development of thick-walled, overwintering cysts. Samples, contained very few cysts, and fusing cells were seen only twice. However, thousands of elongate cysts were formed from large posteriorly biflagellated cells (presumed to be planozygotes) that comprised approximately 50% of the initial motile population. Development of these new cysts (hypnozygotes) was studied under different storage conditions. Each hypnozygote lost pigmentation and formed a thick cell wall during the first several days of storage, producing a starch-filled cell with a yellow accumulation body. Starch reserves decreased rapidly during storage at warm (22 C) temperatures and more slowly at 5 C (with no apparent effect from light, dark, or added nutrients). Excretion of mucilaginous material was also observed. Periodic germination experiments showed that 22 C temperatures led to rapid development of the hypnozygote, with germination possible 1 mo after formation, whereas 5 C storage retarded development, with the first revivals after nearly 4 mo. Excystment was initiated only after an applied stimulus—either a temperature increase or decrease depending on the previous storage temperature. Cysts formed during the late spring in temperate waters are thus capable of excystment several months later as fall temperatures decrease; those formed in the fall take longer to mature, but are viable after six months of overwintering. Alternating spring and fall blooms seeded by germinating populations of dormant cysts are thus possible, a finding consistent with recent field observations.
Development of dispersion in rubber‐particle compounds in internal and continuous mixers

Experiments of mixing silica, carbon black, and CaCO3 into various elastomers (EPDM, NBR, and SBR) were carried out in this paper. We have investigated the breakup of filler agglomerates in the mixing process and compared the mixing results between the internal mixer and the NEX-T continuous mixer. We have evaluated the impact of the elastomer type, filler type, filler loading, and mixing time on the breakup of filler agglomerates. When the filler agglomerates break up, the agglomerate size was reduced to a steady state size. The steady state size primarily depends on the type and primary particle size of the filler. A model was developed for the rate of agglomerate breakup. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3940–3943, 2006