cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
157 Effects of fetal calf serum or phenazine ethosulfate and fructose or glucose on embryonic development and lipid accumulation of bovine embryos.

Slaughterhouse oocytes (n = 6222) were maturated in a chemically defined medium (CDM) similar to SOF plus 0.5% fatty acid-free BSA (FAF-BSA) and hormones (M-CDM) for 23 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in air. Oocytes and frozen-thawed sperm, centrifuged through a Percoll gradient, were co-cultured for 18 h in F-CDM (CDM + heparin). Zygotes were cultured at 38.5°C in 5% CO2/5% O2/90% N2 in CDM-1 (CDM + nonessential amino acids, 10 μM EDTA, 0.5% FAF-BSA, and 0.5 mM fructose or glucose in Expt 1 and glucose in Expt 2). In both experiments, after 48 h, 8-cell embryos were cultured 135 h in CDM-1 (CDM-1 + essential amino acids, no EDTA, and 2 mM fructose or glucose). A factorial design with two hexoses and three additives in CDM-2 (control; 10% fetal calf serum (FCS); and 0.3 μM phenazine ethosulfate (PES), an electron acceptor that oxidizes NADPH) was used for both experiments, each replicated eight times. For Expt 1, Day 7.5 blastocysts were fixed and stained with Sudan Black B to quantify cytoplasmic lipid droplets. A digital photo at 600× of the equatorial part of the embryo was evaluated by classifying lipophilic droplet diameters as small (S, 6 μm), reported as number of lipid droplets (LD) per 1000 μm2. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. For Expt 1, 8-cell embryo production per oocyte matured was not affected by fructose or glucose (P > 0.1) (70 vs. 68%, respectively); however, blastocyst rates per oocyte matured (B/O) and per 8-cell embryo (B/E) were higher (P 0.1) for B/O, or B/E. For Expt 2, B/O and B/E were higher (P 0.1) control, FCS, or PES for B/O or B/E. There was an interaction (P 0.1) on numbers of S, M, or L droplets (Table 1). In conclusion, fructose produced more blastocysts than glucose after 8-cell development, but there was no hexose effect either before this stage or in lipid accumulation. PES reduced and FCS increased lipid accumulation relative to controls. Table 1. Main effects of additives and hexoses on development of bovine embryos (±SE)
Direct evidence of intracrine angiotensin II signaling in neurons

The existence of a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in neurons was first postulated 40 years ago. Further studies indicated intraneuronal generation of ANG II. However, the function and signaling mechanisms of intraneuronal ANG II remained elusive. Since ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is the major type of receptor mediating the effects of ANG II, we used intracellular microinjection and concurrent Ca2+ and voltage imaging to examine the functionality of intracellular AT1R in neurons. We show that intracellular administration of ANG II produces a dose-dependent elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in hypothalamic neurons that is sensitive to AT1R antagonism. Endolysosomal, but not Golgi apparatus, disruption prevents the effect of microinjected ANG II on [Ca2+]i. Additionally, the ANG II-induced Ca2+ response is dependent on microautophagy and sensitive to inhibition of PLC or antagonism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Furthermore, intracellular application of ANG II produces AT1R-mediated depolarization of hypothalamic neurons, which is dependent on [Ca2+]i increase and on cation influx via transient receptor potential canonical channels. In summary, we provide evidence that intracellular ANG II activates endolysosomal AT1Rs in hypothalamic neurons. Our results point to the functionality of a novel intraneuronal angiotensinergic pathway, extending the current understanding of intracrine ANG II signaling.
Imaging Key Wrist Ligaments: What the Surgeon Needs the Radiologist to Know

OBJECTIVE. Although much attention is paid to the scapholunate ligament, lunotriquetral ligament, and the triangular fibrocartilage complex, additional intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments in the wrist play an important part in carpal stability. With improved MRI techniques, the radiologist can increasingly visualize these ligaments. CONCLUSION. The anatomy, MRI appearance, and clinical significance of the scapholunate ligament, lunotriquetral ligament, triangular fibrocartilage complex, carpal metacarpal ligaments, and volar and dorsal extrinsic ligaments are reviewed.
Antecedent Conditions Influence Soil Respiration Differences in Shrub and Grass Patches

Quantifying the response of soil respiration to past environmental conditions is critical for predicting how future climate and vegetation change will impact ecosystem carbon balance. Increased shrub dominance in semiarid grasslands has potentially large effects on soil carbon cycling. The goal of this study was to characterize the effect of antecedent moisture and temperature conditions on soil respiration in a grassland now dominated by shrubs. Continuous measurements of soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture were made over the entire summer of 2005 within distinct vegetation microsites in this shrubland community—under grasses, shrubs, and in open spaces. We analyzed these data within a Bayesian framework that allowed us to evaluate the time-scale over which antecedent conditions influence soil respiration. The addition of antecedent conditions explained an additional 16% of the variation in soil respiration. High soil moisture during the preceding month increased respiration rates in both the grass and shrub microsites. However, the time period over which antecedent soil moisture influenced the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was shorter in the shrub compared to the grass microsites (1 vs. 2 weeks, respectively). The depth of moisture was important; for example, for respiration under shrubs, near-surface moisture was more influential on the day of the respiration measurement but subsurface moisture was more influential on the antecedent time scale. Although more mechanistic studies are required, this study is the first to reveal that shrub encroachment changes the time scales over which soil moisture and temperature affect soil respiration.
EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in the mediastinum

The evaluation and management of esophageal and mediastinal disease has changed considerably since the introduction of EUS. EUS provides precise imaging of the histologic layers of the esophageal wall and surrounding mediastinal structures. EUS is now a well-established modality for the staging of a variety of GI and pancreaticobiliary malignancies. Furthermore, it has been reported to play an important role in the evaluation of mediastinal lesions and in the detection of metastasis to lymph nodes.1-9 Traditionally, the mediastinum has been evaluated by radiographic imaging such as CT and by invasive studies like bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy. Evaluation of the mediastinum using EUS has been reported to be useful for a number of indications. Most notable is the assessment of enlarged lymph nodes that are detected by other imaging modalities such as CT or magnetic resonance imaging. Probably the most important indication for mediastinal imaging is the detection and/or staging of lung cancer. Documentation of lymph node involvement with metastatic disease is crucial in the staging and management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The introduction of the curved linear array echoendoscope approximately 8 years ago led to the development of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), which is now becoming recognized as an integral part of endosonography. EUS-guided FNA has been reported to be a safe and effective approach for evaluation of lymph nodes and masses in the posterior mediastinum.10-13 Tissue diagnosis from these lesions has been difficult to obtain by conventional methods such as mediastinoscopy, which is an invasive and tedious procedure, or percutaneous CT-guided puncture, which has a low yield and increased risk, especially in the case of smaller lesions.14 The objectives of this article are twofold: to discuss the clinical utility of EUS and EUS-guided FNA biopsy for evaluating the mediastinum in benign and malignant disease processes including the detection of posterior mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with NSCLC and to describe the technique for performing safe EUS-guided FNA biopsy in the mediastinum.
On authenticated computing and RSA-based authentication

This paper presents a novel hardware attack against RSA-based authentication of programs. Like the seminal paper from [10] it exploits the attacker's ability to arbitrarily tamper with a computational device during its data processing. But, contrary to [10] our method targets the RSA signature verification which processes only public data. Surprisingly, we prove how to let the RSA verification process accept signatures (with high probability and assuming the Riemann Hypothesis) of arbitrary code --- signed with our own self-created private key. While our attack is so far only theoretical, its practical feasibility has been already implicitly confirmed, cf. [6]. In fact, through real experiments with tamper-resistant devices [4] discovered the following caveat being at the heart of our vulnerability: the most often observed fault during RSA-computations exposed to glitch attacks is the erroneous modification of the moduli. Moreover, our attack relies only upon the simplest and most easiest practically implementable fault induction method described by [8]. Our idea is somehow inspired by practiced methods circumventing the FLASH Boot ROM authentication mechanism of the Xbox due to F. Lehner, cf[17]. Our attack can be interpreted as the extrapolation of the mathematical foundation underlying those Xbox vulnerabilities.
Write-Once–Read-Many-Times Memory Based on ZnO on p-Si for Long-Time Archival Storage

Write-once-read-many-times memory cells were fabricated using ZnO thin film on p-Si (111) substrate. The off- and on-state resistance ratio is over 104 and can be well sustained for more than 100 years and perfectly endure reading cycles of 108 . The conducting filaments consisting of oxygen vacancies are responsible for the switching mechanism.
Some Examples of the Twistor Construction

A hyperkahler manifold X is a kahler manifold of even dimension with a holomorphic 2-form ω, everywhere nonsingular, and covariant constant. In [2] Calabi constructed such metrics on the cotangent bundle of IPn, with ω equal to the canonical symplectic 2-form ωcan on T*(IPn), and gave an analytic construction of an associated complex manifold of dimension 2n+1. This construction, for n=1, is equivalent to the Atiyah-Hitchin-Singer version of Penrose’s curved twistor space ([1], [4], [6]). Calabi asked for an algebraic or geometric description of this twistor space. On the other hand, it is widely known that the construction is reversible, i.e. there is an inverse reconstruction of a hyperkahler metric from geometric data. In examining the question of the geometric construction of the twistor space for Calabi’s examples, it appeared that a simple enough procedure emerged to enable one to construct new hyperkahler metrics where Calabi’s method no longer worked. The metrics constructed are on cotangent bundles again, and the constant, holomorphic, non-degenerate 2-form ω is the canonical symplectic form. They are local only, i.e. defined on a neighborhood of the zero section in T*(M). To make the necessary calculations feasible we assume M is a generalized flag manifold, i.e., a compact, simply-connected homogeneous kahler manifold.
Myosin 5 evolution and expression in teleosts

Background Myosins make up a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their role in actin-based motility. Myosin 5 (myo5) is an unconventional myosin that shuttles organelles along cytoplasmic actin tracks. Recently, new roles have been ascribed to myosin 5a and myosin 5b – nuclear roles relating to splicing and transcriptional processing, respectively. Vertebrates have undergone two rounds of whole genome duplication and teleost fishes have undergone an additional round of genome duplication. Consequently myo5 exists in numerous forms in vertebrates (myo5a, myo5b ,a ndmyo5c) with teleosts having duplicates of some of these myosins (myo5aa, myo5ab, myo5ba, and myo5bb), but not myo5c. A study of the duplicated genes in teleosts may provide insight into the evolutionary history of these genes and their linkage with specific cellular functions, namely transcriptional processing or splicing. Materials and methods RNA and cDNA isolation, RT-PCR and phylogenetic analyses were carried out as described in Nuckels et al. 2011 [1]. Results An alignment of myo5a, myo5b ,a ndmyo5c revealed the conserved regions of the duplicated genes of teleosts. The 5´ myosin head (motor domain) and the 3´ tail (cargo binding) are both highly conserved across taxa and between duplicates, reflecting the importance of these domains in light of 300 million plus years of evolutionary selection. The long neck region of the myo5 genes is less conserved and contributes to a more robust phylogenetic analysis. Using RT-PCR and qPCR we amplified fragments of myo5aa, myo5ab and myo5c from zebrafish tissues isolated at several developmental time points. This approach revealed differential expression between these duplicates with myo5aa being expressed at all developmental time points in whole zebrafish. myo5aa is also expressed in
Diagnosis of malignant glioma: role of neuropathology.

Recommendations Level I: The diagnosis of malignant glioma should be based on the histopathologic review of tissue. Level II: Both frozen section and cytopathologic evaluation are recommended for the intra-operative diagnosis of malignant glioma. Consultation from a neuropathologist specialized in brain tumor diagnosis is recommended for problematic cases. Level III: Incorporation of clinical and radiographic information with the final pathologic diagnosis is
The interfacial stability of a ferromagnetic fluid

Magnetization critical level derived for instability onset for ferromagnetic fluid having nonlinear relation with magnetic induction
Fitness consequences of helping behavior in the western bluebird

We examined the fitness consequences of helping behavior in the western bluebird (Sialia mexicand) at Hastings Reservation in Carmel Valley, California, USA, and tested hypodieses for how helpers benefit from engaging in alloparental behavior. Both juvenile and adult western bluebirds occasionally help at the nest. During a 12 year period, all adult helpers and most juvenile helpers were male. Helpers usually fed at nests of both their parents and rarely helped when only one parent was present. The frequency of pairs with adult helpers was only 7%, but nearly one-third of adult males helped among those with both parents on the study area. At least 28% were breeders whose nests failed. The propensity to help appears to depend upon parental survival, male philopatry, and die breeding success of potential helpers. Feeding rates were not increased at nests with juvenile helpers, apparendy because breeding males reduced their feeding rates. In contrast, adult helpers increased die overall rates of food delivery to die nest in spite of a reduction in die number of feeding trips made by both male and female parents. Helpers did not derive any obvious direct fitness benefits from helping, but diey had greater indirect fitness than nonhelpers due to increases in nesding growdi rates and fledging success at dieir parents' nests. Helpers fledged fewer offspring in their first nests dian did nonhelpers, suggesting diat they were birds widi reduced reproductive potential. Aldiough we have not yet measured the effect of extrapair fertilizations on die fitness benefits of helping, we calculated die difference in fitness between helpers and nonhelpers as a function of die potential helper's paternity when breeding independendy and his fadier's paternity in die nest at which he might help. In conjunction with constraints on breeding and indirect fitness benefits, we predict that relatedness of males to die young in dieir own as well as dieir parents' nests will influence helping behavior in western bluebirds.
Silicon carbide as a new micromechanics material

Silicon carbide (SiC) is studied as a material for micromechanics because of its high-temperature microelectronics capabilities and excellent mechanical properties. Fabrication of epitaxial 3C-SiC microstructures by bulk micromachining of the underlying silicon substrate and amorphous SiC microstructures by surface micromachining is investigated. Preliminary studies of the mechanical properties of epitaxial 3C-SiC films deposited on silicon are carried out to evaluate the potential of these films as a material for micromechanics. The residual stress and Young's modulus of 3C-SiC films are measured by load-deflection measurements of suspended diaphragms. The film's residual stress is tensile with an average of 275+or-45 MPa, while the in-plane Young's modulus averages 383+or-25 GPa. The bending moment due to the residual stress variation through the thickness of the film is determined by measuring the deflection curves of free-standing 3C-SiC cantilever beams. Amorphous SiC films sputtered from a SiC target are investigated for developing a SiC surface micromachining process. >
Principled Entrepreneurship And Shared Leadership: The Case Of TEOCO (The Employee Owned Company)

This case describes a unique corporate culture, focused on employee ownership and employeecentered Human Resource practices, which fosters employee loyalty and motivates employee focus on organization objectives. The organization‟s CEO and senior management team discuss in detail the company‟s development strategy, the concept of shared leadership, and its strategic focus on Human Resource Management. Also emphasized is how the organization‟s recent partnership with a private equity firm, and its acquisition of an international organization of similar size, may change TEOCO‟s culture and its business model.
Structural Characteristics and Properties of a New Graphitic-Based Material.

The hydrogenation of commercial graphite using lithium/ammonia as the reducing agent and tert-butyl alcohol as a proton source was investigated. Characterization of the products after successive reductions of the same material by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a new material that was replete with edge and circular dislocations. Analysis by solid-state (13)C NMR spectroscopy indicates that after three reductions, the remaining aromatic rings appear to be interior benzene rings. NMR spectroscopy also offers strong evidence for the presence of small amounts of tert-butyl alcohol and ethanol (workup solvent) that could not be removed in vacuo from the samples. These compounds could be observed to move freely between the layers of the hydrographene.
Engaging Students in Gerontological Research: The STARR Program

There is a critical need to prepare undergraduate and graduate nursing students to take active roles in gerontological nursing research. Nursing educators are faced with multiple challenges such as the demands of the tripartite role (teaching, scholarship, and service), and managing large numbers of students. These issues make it difficult to actively engage nursing research. Students Advancing Reminiscence Research (STARR) is and example of an innovative program that fosters student engagement in research using available resources while enhancing the faculty advisor's program of reminiscence research. The impetus for creating the STARR program is described in this article, and implications and recommendations for nursing education, practice, and policy are presented.
Metaphorical Models and Curriculum Theory

It should be made clear at the outset that this article does not contain nor does it concern itself with a wide range of curriculum theory. In fact, it barely scratches the surface of curriculum inquiry. There are numerous curriculum inquiry issues undiscussed and underdiscussed here. What is contained here is an examination of metaphorical modeling, sufficiently discussed to show the sorts of problems that arise in constructing curriculum theory on such models. Thus, it is the object of this article to make clear what the problems of metaphorical modeling are anld ;.hy it is not a fruitful form of curriculum inquiry. On this approach, we first consider the nature and function of metaphor. Second, we examine the distinction between metaphorical statements and metaphorical models. Next, we look at the role played by metaphorical models in curriculum theory. Finally, the kinds of problems involved in metaphorical models are indicated, and reasons are given for guarding against the insufficiencies of metaphorical modeling.
Life after welfare: Women, work, and repeat dependency

L'A. montre que les femmes constituent, aux Etats-Unis, la categorie la plus importante parmi les beneficiaires de l'aide sociale. Il souligne que celles-ci ont recours a l'aide sociale principalement en cas de divorce, lorsque survient une naissance premaritale ou une difficulte economique. Il s'efforce de comprendre ce qui conduit les femmes a faire a nouveau appel a ce type d'aide. Il presente des donnees collectees aux Etats-Unis entre 1983 et 1988. Il examine l'influence d'un certain nombre de facteurs comme le statut marital, les experiences de cohabitation, l'âge, le revenu familial, le nombre d'enfants et plus particulierement d'enfants en bas âge
The effect of medication on laboratory test results.

It is becoming common practice to order the SMA-12 battery or a similar group of blood chemistry tests on middle-aged or elderly adults who are under medical care. Test result abnormalities are often found. Their significance is not always obvious. In a survey of more than 2500 adult hospital admissions the incidence of abnormal test results was determined in patients with and without disease, receiving or not receiving 42 commonly administered medications. It was concluded that very few medications affect laboratory test results and that they do so only to a minimal extent or only in a few unusually idiosyncratic patients. Combinations of medication are also without effect. In the majority of cases, test result abnormalities should not be ascribed to a patient’s medication but to his underlying disease or metabolic state. In particular, elevations of serum uric acid correlate better with the presence of congestive heart failure or hypertension than they do with the ingestion of thiazide drugs.
FEMA, Federalism, Hugo, and 'Frisco

This article examines intergovernmental performance during natural disasters. The United States has an ongoing response system which requires the cooperation of national, state, and local governments. This system was severely tested during the fall of 1989 by four major crises: Hurricane Hugo in the Caribbean, South Carolina, and North Carolina, and the Loma Prieta earthquake in San Francisco. The intergovernmental response functioned very differently in the four situations. Three patterns emerge to describe the intergovernmental dynamics of disaster relief. The article discusses the causes and consequences of these different patterns.
Effect of renal denervation and alpha-adrenergic blockade on sodium excretion in dogs with chronic ligation of the common bile duct.

SummaryChronic ligation of the common bile duct (CBDL) is dogs causes sodium retention and a blunted natriuretic response to extracellular volume expansion (ECVE). Since increased sympatho-adrenal activity plays an important role in other sodium retaining states, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of renal denervation and a-adrenergic blockade on the renal handling of sodium in dogs with CBDL. Both renal denervation and the infusion of dibenzyline into the renal artery produced a slight but significant increment in urinary sodium excretion, but these changes were not different from those observed after renal denervation in normal animals. Also, these procedures did not improve the response to saline infusion in dogs with CBDL. These data indicate that the sympatho-adrenal activity does not play an important role in the salt retaining state that follows chronic ligation of the common bile duct.Anne Harrington and Miriam Bick provided technical help and Mrs. Catherine Hoyt provided secret...
( d , p ) and ( d , t ) Studies of the Actinide Elements. II. Cm 243 , Cm 245 , Cm 247 , and Cm 249

Properties of states in $^{243}\mathrm{Cm}$, $^{245}\mathrm{Cm}$, $^{247}\mathrm{Cm}$, and $^{249}\mathrm{Cm}$ were determined by ($d,p$) and ($d,t$) reactions on targets of $^{244}\mathrm{Cm}$, $^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$, and $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$. Assignments of one-quasiparticle states are made. Single-particle level schemes are extracted from the data by use of a pairing calculation. The extracted single-particle level schemes are compared with single-particle calculations, which include ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{4}$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{6}$ deformations. Equilibrium values of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{4}$, and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{6}$ are estimated for the odd-mass Cm isotopes.
Performance modeling of a wearable brain PET (BET) camera

Purpose: To explore, by means of analytical and Monte Carlo modeling, performance of a novel lightweight and low-cost wearable helmet-shaped Brain PET (BET) camera based on thin-film digital Geiger Avalanche Photo Diode (dGAPD) with LSO and LaBr3 scintillators for imaging in vivo human brain processes for freely moving and acting subjects responding to various stimuli in any environment. Methods: We performed analytical and Monte Carlo modeling PET performance of a spherical cap BET device and cylindrical brain PET (CYL) device, both with 25 cm diameter and the same total mass of LSO scintillator. Total mass of LSO in both the BET and CYL systems is about 32 kg for a 25 mm thick scintillator, and 13 kg for 10 mm thick scintillator (assuming an LSO density of 7.3 g/ml). We also investigated a similar system using an LaBr3 scintillator corresponding to 22 kg and 9 kg for the 25 mm and 10 mm thick systems (assuming an LaBr3 density of 5.08 g/ml). In addition, we considered a clinical whole body (WB) LSO PET/CT scanner with 82 cm ring diameter and 15.8 cm axial length to represent a reference system. BET consisted of distributed Autonomous Detector Arrays (ADAs) integrated into Intelligent Autonomous Detector Blocks (IADBs). The ADA comprised of an array of small LYSO scintillator volumes (voxels with base a×a: 1.0 ≤ a ≤ 2.0 mm and length c: 3.0 ≤ c ≤ 6.0 mm) with 5–65 μm thick reflective layers on its five sides and sixth side optically coupled to the matching array of dGAPDs and processing electronics with total thickness of 50 μm. Simulated energy resolution was 10.8% and 3.3% for LSO and LaBr3 respectively and the coincidence window was set at 2 ns. The brain was simulated as a sphere of uniform F-18 activity with diameter of 10 cm embedded in a center of water sphere with diameter of 10 cm. Results: Analytical and Monte Carlo models showed similar results for lower energy window values (458 keV versus 445 keV for LSO, and 492 keV versus 485 keV for LaBr3), and for the relative performance of system sensitivity. Monte Carlo results further showed that the BET geometry had >50% better noise equivalent count (NEC) performance relative to the CYL geometry, and >1100% better performance than a WB geometry for 25 mm thick LSO and LaBr3. For 10 mm thick LaBr3 equivalent mass systems LSO (7 mm thick) performed ~40% higher NEC than LaBr3. Analytic and Monte Carlo simulations also showed that 1×1×3 mm scintillator crystals can achieve ~1.2 mm FWHM spatial resolution. Conclusions: This study shows that a spherical cap brain PET system can provide improved NEC while preserving spatial resolution when compared to an equivalent dedicated cylindrical PET brain camera and shows greatly improved PET performance relative to a conventional whole body PET/CT. In addition, our simulations show that LSO will generally outperform LaBr3 for NEC unless the timing resolution for LaBr3 is considerably smaller than presently used for LSO, i.e. well below 300 ps.
Characterization of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Iron and Fur Regulatory Network

ABSTRACT The Neisseria gonorrhoeaeferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein controls expression of iron homeostasis genes in response to intracellular iron levels. In this study, using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of an N. gonorrhoeae fur strain, we defined the gonococcal Fur and iron regulons and characterized Fur-controlled expression of an ArsR-like DNA binding protein. We observed that 158 genes (8% of the genome) showed differential expression in response to iron in an N. gonorrhoeae wild-type or fur strain, while 54 genes exhibited differential expression in response to Fur. The Fur regulon was extended to additional regulators, including NrrF and 13 other small RNAs (sRNAs), and two transcriptional factors. One transcriptional factor, coding for an ArsR-like regulator (ArsR), exhibited increased expression under iron-replete conditions in the wild-type strain but showed decreased expression across iron conditions in the fur strain, an effect that was reversed in a fur -complemented strain. Fur was shown to bind to the promoter region of the arsR gene downstream of a predicted σ 70 promoter region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis confirmed binding of the ArsR protein to the norB promoter region, and sequence analysis identified two additional putative targets, NGO1411 and NGO1646. A gonococcal arsR strain demonstrated decreased survival in human endocervical epithelial cells compared to that of the wild-type and arsR -complemented strains, suggesting that the ArsR regulon includes genes required for survival in host cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the N. gonorrhoeae Fur functions as a global regulatory protein to repress or activate expression of a large repertoire of genes, including additional transcriptional regulatory proteins. IMPORTANCE Gene regulation in bacteria in response to environmental stimuli, including iron, is of paramount importance to both bacterial replication and, in the case of pathogenic bacteria, successful infection. Bacterial DNA binding proteins are a common mechanism utilized by pathogens to control gene expression under various environmental conditions. Here, we show that the DNA binding protein Fur, expressed by the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, controls the expression of a large repertoire of genes and extends this regulon by controlling expression of additional DNA binding proteins. One of these proteins, an ArsR-like regulator, was required for N. gonorrhoeae survival within host cells. These results show that the Fur regulon extends to additional regulatory proteins, which together contribute to gonococcal mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Vitamin D3 and avian bone in vitro: stimulation of calcium movement into Japanese quail calvaria.

Addition of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to cultured neonatal mouse calvaria has consistently led to bone resorption as determined by an increase in medium calcium. No such effect on avian bone has been widely reported. We have tested thein vitro effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on 48-and 96-hour cultures of calvaria removed from both sexes of Japanese quail at various ages. No effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on net calcium movement was seen in cultures of calvaria removed from neonatal (5-day), 1-week, and 2-week-old quail. In cultures of calvaria from 6-week-old female quail, addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in afall in medium total and ionic calcium concentrations after 48 and 96 hours of incubation, indicating an uptake of calcium by the bones. A maximal effect was seen at 1 ×10−7M 1,25(OH)2D3. Bones removed from male and female quail showed no difference in response between the sexes. Bones removed from 5-,4-, and 3-week-old male and female quail exhibited a progressively decreasing response with decreasing age. After 6 weeks of age female birds begin to exhibit hypercalcemia associated with reproductive activity. Bones removed from 7-and 8-week-old female quail responded to 1,25(OH)2D3 in a similar fashion whether they were hypercalcemic (7 weeks, 20.3 mg/dl; 8 weeks, 31.7 mg/dl), or normocalcemic (10.1 mg/dl). This stimulatory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on calcium uptake by avian bone is in sharp contrast to the hormone's effect in cultures of perinatal mammalian bones, which consistently respond to 1,25(OH)2D3 by releasing calcium into the medium. To our knowledge, these results demonstrate for the first time a directin vitro effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on calcium movement into bone.
Eine Well schreibt an Goethe. Edited by Rudolf K. Goldschmit-Jentner: Heidelberg: Carl Pfeffer Verlag, 1947. Pp. 312.

(1949). Eine Well schreibt an Goethe. Edited by Rudolf K. Goldschmit-Jentner. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 311-312.
Improving the Temporal Resolution of Nanopore Recordings

Solid-state nanopores are being pursued for a number of applications including, most notably, DNA sequencing. One of the challenges that nanopores present is the fast rate at which molecules translocate. Significant improvements in the measurement bandwidth can be obtained through the optimization of detection electronics and reduction in nanopore membrane capacitance. We present a low-noise, custom-designed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) amplifier chip capable of recording translocation dynamics in nanopores at bandwidths up to 10 MHz. We integrate state-of-the-art silicon nitride nanopores with this amplifier to achieve signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of better than 10 at 5 MHz bandwidth in ssDNA translocation experiments. We observe transient features with durations as short as 200 ns in some translocation events, features that would have been hidden at lower recording bandwidths. We also use our platform to record ssDNA translocation through glass-passivated silicon-nitride nanopores with membrane capacitances of less than 1 pF, further extending the achievable recording bandwidth. At these speeds, the potential exists to realize free-running DNA sequencing using solid-state nanopores.
Fate of Land Applied Emerging Organic Contaminants in Waste Materials

In this review, we describe recent research on: (1) the occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in waste materials and in soils receiving land application of ARG-contaminated waste materials; (2) the environmental behavior of ARGs in soils; (3) approaches to waste material management in terms of the elimination and reduction of ARGs. Land application of organic waste materials provides valuable nutrients to plant growth, but it can also introduce emerging organic contaminants, for example, antibiotics, into the environment. The widespread use of antibiotics and their entry into the environment are believed to result in the development and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and ARGs in humans and animals, as well as in the environment. For this reason, ARGs are classified as emerging organic contaminants. Land application of manure, biosolids from wastewater treatment plants, and wastewater can potentially load elevated levels of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and ARGs into soils. A host of environmental and biological factors may influence the environmental behavior of ARGs, including persistence and mobility, as well as their transmission among microorganisms in soil matrixes. Traditional on-site waste material management approaches may not be able to completely remove ARGs from the waste material before it is applied to the soils. However, recent research has suggested certain waste material land application management approaches may be able to further reduce the input of ARGs and mobility in the environment. Knowledge of the environmental behavior of ARGs is essential for better understanding and predicting the development and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Information on the ecological consequences of ARG contamination and the possible entry of ARGs into the human food chain is also needed for better risk assessment of land application of ARG-contaminated waste materials. There is an urgent need to develop effective management and land application approaches to minimize/eliminate the input and mobility of ARGs in the soil environment.
System of Disability

The present article examines an enduring educational inequality- nondominant students’ disproportionate representation in special education programs. From a Marxist historical materialist perspective, racial disproportionality forms a systemic tension that offers a significant opportunity to deeply examine and transform school systems. I first provide a social-historical-spatial examination of racial disproportionality and disability classification process. Then, I detail how formative intervention, an activity theory-based systemic intervention model, can be instrumental in capacity building in local schools to examine and intervene racial disproportionality. The formative intervention methodology that I present in this article aims to re-mediate complex ecologies of school systems by transforming exclusionary processes with local stakeholders who reproduce and are negatively affected by those unjust processes and outcomes.
A Novel Technology for Creating Sensors and Actuators in Processor Packages

In this paper, a novel technology is presented in which organic substrate manufacturing is used to create sensors and actuators directly in the CPU package. The dielectric material surrounding some interconnect traces in the substrate is removed, allowing those traces to act as sensors and actuators, while the CPU itself is used for signal processing and conditioning. To demonstrate proof of concept, ultra-thin resonant accelerometers based on this approach are designed, manufactured, and successfully tested by using them to measure orientation changes. The approach realizes smart, compact package substrates with integrated sensing and actuation functionalities, thereby enabling a wide range of applications not previously feasible in CPU packages.
Phase differentiation by electron backscatter diffraction using the dictionary indexing approach

Abstract Using the dictionary approach to Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis, we address: (1) phase differentiation in highly-deformed or fine-grained materials; and (2) phase differentiation between phases with the same Bravais lattice and different lattice parameters. We introduce a phase differentiation confidence index based on the dictionary indexing approach and apply the index to scenarios where the classical EBSD indexing approach has major difficulties in delivering reliable results. We show that dictionary indexing successfully differentiates the phases in these scenarios and report on the confidence of such differentiations. We also show that dictionary indexing is sensitive to hydrostatic strain and can identify the correct amount of hydrostatic strain present in a material.
Self-Efficacy of Academic Librarians: Implications for Public Services Managers

ABSTRACTThe question of academic librarian status has resulted in academic librarians approaching relationships with faculty as one of deference, where they cede power to disciplinary faculty regar...
Sentence Level or Token Level Features for Automatic Short Answer Grading?: Use Both

Automatic short answer grading for Intelligent Tutoring Systems has attracted much attention of the researchers over the years. While the traditional techniques for short answer grading are rooted in statistical learning and hand-crafted features, recent research has explored sentence embedding based techniques. We observe that sentence embedding techniques, while being effective for grading in-domain student answers, may not be best suited for out-of-domain answers. Further, sentence embeddings can be affected by non-sentential answers (answers given in the context of the question). On the other hand, token level hand-crafted features can be fairly domain independent and are less affected by non-sentential forms. We propose a novel feature encoding based on partial similarities of tokens (Histogram of Partial Similarities or HoPS), its extension to part-of-speech tags (HoPSTags) and question type information. On combining the proposed features with sentence embedding based features, we are able to further improve the grading performance. Our final model achieves better or competitive results in experimental evaluation on multiple benchmarking datasets and a large scale industry dataset.
Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction Following Radical Prostatectomy

Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor in adult men, with an estimated 230,000 new cases diagnosed in the USA in 2006. There is a greater concern for quality of life after prostate cancer treatment due to the younger age of diagnosis and increased survival rate. One goal of radical prostatectomy surgery is to limit any further impairment of erectile function. We examine the current understanding of the pathophysiology of ED following radical prostatectomy.
Reading Keyboard Input

The class Scanner enables reading data from the keyboard, a String object, or a text file using the characters (the white space character ’ ’, the tab-stop ’∖t’, and the newline ’∖n’) as separators (such characters are called delimiters).
Tool and Technology Independent Function Interfaces by Using a Generic OPC UA Representation

We present a way of modelling device functionality in an OPC VA information model, leveraging the OPC UA programs specification. This allows for tool-independent orchestration of distributed and heterogeneous devices, while legacy devices can easily be included into the system by creating an OPC VA wrapper according to our specification.1
Cortical excitability and seizure control influence attention performance in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs)

Abstract We recently found that higher cortical excitability is associated with poorer attention performance in healthy adults. While patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs), previously termed genetic generalized epilepsies, are known to demonstrate increased cortical excitability and cognitive deficits, a relationship between these variables in IGEs has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the effects of cortical excitability and seizure control on cognitive performance in IGEs. We studied 30 patients with IGEs (16 patients with controlled IGEs (cIGEs) and 14 patients with treatment-resistant IGEs (trIGEs)) and 24 healthy controls (HCs). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure cortical excitability, including long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). Attention was assessed with the Digit Span Forwards, Digit Span Backwards, Trails A, and Flanker tasks. Executive functioning was assessed using Trails B, Stroop Color and Word, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Two-way multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were conducted to assess the influences of seizure control (HCs vs. cIGEs vs. trIGEs) and cortical excitability (inhibitory vs. excitatory) on composite measures of attention and executive functions. Attention performance was significantly affected by cortical excitability and seizure control. Participants with primarily excitatory LICI responses, indicating higher cortical excitability, performed worse than inhibitory responders on composite attention (Wilks' lambda = 0.748, F(4, 44) = 3.72, p = 0.011). While participants with cIGEs and trIGEs did not significantly differ in attention performance, participants with trIGEs performed worse on the Digit Forwards (False Discovery Rate (FDR)p
Military neuroscience and the coming age of neurowarfare: by Armin Krishnan, London, UK: Routledge, 2017, 270 pp.

Historically, attempts to predict the impact that new technologies will have on warfare have been notoriously uneven. Given rapid technological development and quite perilous relations amongst the ...
Definites, Domain Restriction, and Discourse Structure in Online Processing

Definite descriptions are commonly assumed to involve a uniqueness requirement, which is crucially constrained by contextual domain restriction. Theoretical proposals differ with regards to whether a variable for domain restriction should be represented in the linguistic representation or not, and if so, whether it should be seen as contributing a property or a situation. From the perspective of actual language use and comprehension, a key question is just how contextual information is integrated for purposes of domain restriction. Two visual world eye tracking studies addressing these issues are presented. They look at participants’ eye movements as they visually inspect an array of colored shapes and listen to descriptions thereof. For example, ‘The circle is black’ is evaluated relative to a display that contains two circles in different colors and positions. This is preceded by a context sentence that helps to set up a domain that narrows the referential choice to varying degrees, e.g. by containing ‘on the top.’ Various measures are used to assess to what extent the circle that happens to be at the top is taken to be the referent of the definite description, both in real time online while the sentence unfolds and in terms of ultimate response behavior. The results suggest that people are very much sensitive to the subtle contextual clues, and in particular that the discourse status of the key prepositional phrase in the discourse context is crucial. This has implications for theoretical perspectives on domain restriction, based on their capability to incorporate the role of discourse structure.
The role of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive prostate cancer.

Results of recent trials have shown the superiority of mpMRI to TRUS-guided systematic biopsy for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. However, only performing an mpMRI risks missing MRI-invisible lesions and, therefore, there might be added value in performing both targeted and systematic biopsies in biopsy-naive patients.
Short-term water deprivation does not increase blood pressure variability or impair neurovascular function in healthy young adults.

High dietary salt increases arterial blood pressure variability (BPV) in salt-resistant, normotensive rodents and is thought to result from elevated plasma [Na+] sensitizing central sympathetic net...
[Hemicorporectomy anesthesia: case report].

Abstract Introduction Hemicorporectomy progresses with hemodynamic and ventilatory repercussions that make anesthesia management definitive to patient outcome. Objective Report anesthesia approach for a patient with squamous cell carcinoma submitted to urgent hemicorporectomy after an episode of hypovolemic shock. Case report After lesion bleeding, the patient presented hypovolemic shock class 3, and was submitted to urgent procedure under general inhalation anesthesia and intravenous multimodal analgesia, presenting hemodynamic instability requiring massive blood transfusion after spinal cord transection and removal of surgical specimen. Conclusion Anesthetic management is essential in scenarios such as the one reported to assure patient survival.
Silicon-tungsten calorimeter for the forward direction in the PHENIX experiment at RHIC

The PHENIX detector at RHIC has been designed to study hadronic and leptonic signatures of the Quark Gluon Plasma in heavy ion collisions and spin dependent structure functions in polarized proton collisions. The baseline detector measures muons in two muon spectrometers located forward and backward of mid-rapidity, and measures hadrons, electrons, and photons in two central spectrometer arms, each of which covers 90. in azimuth and 0.35 units of rapidity. Further progress requires extending rapidity coverage for hadronic and electromagnetic signatures by upgrading the functionality of the PHENIX muon spectrometers to include photon and jet measurement capabilities. Tungsten calorimeters with silicon pixel readout and fine transverse and longitudinal segmentation are proposed to attain this goal. The use of such a design provides the highest density and finest granularity possible in a calorimeter.
A hypertension patient-derived iPSC model demonstrates a role for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in hypertension risk and development.

Hypertension (HTN) is a polyfactorial disease that can manifest severe cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure or stroke. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HTN indicate that single...