cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of Na+,K(+)-ATPase regulation of endosomal acidification in K562 erythroleukemia cells. Analysis via inhibition of transferrin recycling by low temperatures

Transferrin (Tf) acidification has been shown to be limited to pH 6 in murine Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, human A549 epidermoid carcinoma cells, and Chinese hamster ovary cells and is followed by alkalinization during recycling. In contrast, Tf acidification in the human erythroleukemic cell line K562 proceeds to below pH 5.5, and alkalinization of internal Tf during recycling is not observed. To explore the regulation of endosomal pH in K562 cells, we determined whether the existence of an early endosome of pH 6 could be demonstrated in K562 cells. The kinetics of Tf internalization, acidification, and recycling were determined at temperatures which block recycling of Tf in 3T3 cells. As in 3T3, Tf recycling in K562 was inhibited at 24 degrees C and below. At these temperatures, Tf internalization and acidification were delayed relative to 37 degrees C, yet the minimum pH achieved was below 5.5. Temperatures at or below 19 degrees C resulted in a complete block in recycling (at least over 40 min), which was rapidly reversible by incubation at 37 degrees C. Ouabain (a specific inhibitor of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase) had no effect on K562 Tf acidification, indicating that K562 endosomal pH is probably not regulated by the Na+,K(+)-ATPase. The results suggest that differentiation of the early endocytic pathway in erythroid cells involves changes such that the pH of Tf-containing compartments is not limited to 6 by the Na+,K(+)-ATPase.
Prospective observational study of acute postlumbar laminectomy MRI.

Object Patients who develop a lower-extremity neurological deficit after lumbar laminectomy present a diagnostic dilemma. In the setting of a neurological deficit, some surgeons use MRI to evaluate for symptomatic compression of the thecal sac. The authors conducted a prospective observational cohort study in patients undergoing open lumbar laminectomy for neurogenic claudication to document the MRI appearance of the postlaminectomy spine and to determine changes in thecal sac diameter caused by the accumulation of epidural fluid. Methods Eligible patients who were candidates for open lumbar laminectomy for neurogenic claudication at a single neurosurgical center between August 2007 and June 2009 were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative MRI of the lumbar spine was performed on the same MRI scanner. Postoperative MRI studies were completed within 36 hours of surgery. Routine clinical and surgical data were collected at the preoperative visit, during surgery, and postoperatively. Images were interprete...
Temperature Effect on Shear Wave Velocities in Clays

A series of constant temperature low-amplitude resonant column tests were performed to determine the effect of specimen temperature on the shear wave velocity of seven cohesive soils. Samples of each soil were tested at temperatures of 22 deg C and 4 deg C to reproduce typical conditions for laboratory testing and extreme field testing respectively. Five of the soils were "undisturbed" field samples and two were prepared in the laboratory. Soil types varied from sensitive clays to insensitive silty clays, and typical soil characteristics are tabulated. During the low-amplitude tests samples were subjected to a constant confining pressure and a constant temperature. Drainage was permitted during the entire test interval. The shear wave velocity was evaluated during short periods of vibration applied at intervals throught the duration of the determine the time-dependent increase of shear wave velocity for each temperature. Results of the long-time and short-time tests are presented. It was concluded on the basis of the tests, that the short-time changes in temperature affect the shear wave velocity, probably by changes in pore pressure, but these effects are temporary if drainage is permitted. During the initial reloading of a sample in long-time tests, the shear wave velocity increase with time could be divided into two portions analogous to primary and secondary consolidation. The end of the primary period occurred at times between 100 min and 1000 min for the samples tested in this study. Therefore, any conclusions from test results should be based on wave velocities established at comparable times within the secondary range. The effects of decreasing the testing temperature from 22 deg C to 4 deg C to 4 deg C varied from 0 percent to 12.5 percent increase of the shear wave velocity measured at 1,000 min and 22 deg C. Thus the influence of testing temperature has a minor influence on the shear wave velocity.
Hexamer peptide affinity resins that bind the Fc region of human immunoglobulin G

Abstract: A family of linear hexapeptides composed of histidine on the N-terminus followed by aromatic amino acid(s) and positively charged amino acid(s) has been identified through a three-step screening of a synthetic solid phase library. These peptides were able to recognize human immunoglobulin G (HIgG) through its Fc region, and their selectivity to Fc is comparable to Protein A. This is the first known report of short peptides that are able to bind HIgG by recognizing its Fc portion. One of the ligands from the identified family, HWRGWV, was examined for its ability to isolate HIgG from complex mixtures. It was found that HWRGWV possessed the potential to purify HIgG from complete mammalian cell culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum with purity comparable to commercially available resins, but using milder elution conditions. HWRGWV bound all HIgG subclasses and IgGs from bovine, mouse, goat, and rabbit. The broad affinity spectrum as well as its Fc recognition ability may be useful in capturing and detecting both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
How to compact DNA

How does the cell pack enormously long strands of DNA into compact little bundles, the chromosomes? Murray describes, in his Perspective, a report in this issue by Kimura et al. examining the activity of the condensin complex, which comprises five protein subunits. Phosphorylation of its subunits enables the condensin complex to supercoil DNA, an essential step in chromosome condensation. Murray goes on to explain how chromosome structure can contribute to gene regulation in significant ways.
Temperature dependence of the phonon frequencies, linewidths, and Raman-continuum scattering of single-domain Y 0.56 Pr 0.44 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7

We report detailed Raman-scattering measurements from a single-domain crystal of composition ${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.56}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.44}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=40 K). Through a polarization analysis, 13 of the 15 Raman-active phonons are unambiguously identified. The frequencies and linewidths of the five ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{g}}$ phonons are studied as a function of temperature. Unlike ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, there are no pronounced superconductivity-induced changes in phonon frequency and linewidth. At all temperatures, the ${\mathit{B}}_{1\mathit{g}}$-like phonon at 320 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is intrinsically much broader than in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. The linewidths of the 440- and 515-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ phonons decrease sharply with cooling, to an extent that cannot be explained by the simplest model of anharmonic decay. We identify Raman-scattering continua for photons polarized both within and perpendicular to the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes. Like ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$-plane continuum interferes strongly with the phonon scattering at 130 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. Unlike ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$-plane continuum of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.56}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.44}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Co}}^{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has a low-frequency tail that disappears upon cooling.
Genetic Effects of Deuterium Oxide in Drosophila Melanogaster.

Deuterium oxide was incorporated into the culture medium at concentrations of 10 or 20%. These concentrations had no apparent effect on recessive lethal production or nondisjunction, nor was mitotic or meiotic crossing over between X chromosomes in the female influenced by 20% D/sub 2/O. The induction of sterility and crossing over between the X and the short arm of the Y were strongly influenced by 20% D/sub 2/O. (auth)
Arthroscopic biceps ulnar release procedure (BURP): technique description and in vitro assessment of the association of visual control and surgeon experience to regional damage and tenotomy completeness.

Objectives (1) Describe arthroscopic BURP surgical technique, (2) assess association of visual control and surgeon experience to tenotomy completeness and regional iatrogenic tissue damage. Study Design Cadaveric study. Sample Population Canine cadavers weighing >20 kg (n = 16; 32 elbows). Methods Phase 1 = dissection/anatomic description/procedural refinement (n = 6). Phase 2 = technique description (n = 6). Phase 3 = association of surgeon experience and procedural visual control to tenotomy completion and regional iatrogenic damage (n = 20). Elbows were randomly assigned via coin toss to an experienced- or inexperienced-arthroscopist. Using conventional medial portals, surgeons sought to identify the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and ulnar insertion of the biceps tendon (uBT) before attempting complete tenotomy. Upon procedural completion, surgeons assigned a standardized “visual control score” (VCS) describing viewing that governed procedure and predicted % uBT release, MCL, and median nerve damage. Post-procedural dissection determined actual tenotomy completion and iatrogenic tissue damage. Results Complete BURP was achieved in 16 of 19 elbows. VCS was associated with tenotomy completeness (P < .01). “Blind” BURP was incomplete in both elbows in which it was attempted. Perception of complete BURP was associated with complete release (P < .01). MCL damage occurred in 10% of elbows. Surgeon experience did not influence VCS, regional damage, or BURP completeness. Conclusion In canine cadavers, arthroscopic BURP can be consistently performed using conventional arthroscopic instruments and portals by both experienced and inexperienced arthroscopists when visual control guides the tenotomy into the distal aspect of the tendon.
A dyadic Green's function representation of fields near a convex impedance surface

Recently, an approximate asymptotic solution for the fields in the boundary layer of a smooth convex impedance surface was obtained (P. E. Hussar and E. M. Smith-Rowland, J. Electro. Waves and Appl., vol.16, p.185-208, 2002) in creeping-ray modal format. Here it is shown that the same methodology can be employed to provide a solution that both satisfies the Maxwell equations to order k/sup -2/3/ and corresponds to an excitation by an infinitesimal surface magnetic dipole of arbitrarily specified orientation. This solution is useful for UTD-like analysis of coupling between antennas on a convex surface represented by an impedance boundary condition.
Multi-timescale dynamics in glasses: optical dephasing and solute-solvent interactions

Picosecond photon echo (PE) experiments are used to examine the optical dephasing and intermolecular interactions of organic chromophores in a variety of glassy organic and polymer hosts. The inherent disorder in these systems leads to dynamics which span times from picoseconds to hours and longer. The temperature dependent optical dephasing as measured by the PE follows a power law characteristic of tunnelling twolevel systems (TLS) at low temperatures (1 °K to 4 °K) and is exponentially activated at higher temperatures due to dephasing by additional modes. The nature of these modes will be addressed. These data and those from other line narrowing experiments such as hole burning allow the study both of fast dephasing processes and spectral diffusion due to slow fluctuations in the host. The observed lineshapes and holewidths require dipolar coupling between the chromophore and TLS and offer information on the distribution of relaxation rates. Furthermore, techniques sensitive to different timescales are used to examine host dynamics by removing the guest-host coupling from consideration. The data are discussed in conjunction with recently developed theoretical treatments of dephasing in disordered systems.
Are Your Computer Files Protected Under the Fourth Amendment

Currently, the government(s) in the United States can seize a copy of a hard drive of a computer and not violate the Fourth Amendment. This paper examines this situation and looks at ways to protect private computer files under the Fourth Amendment. This paper analyzes the historical context of the Fourth Amendment and its affinity toward tangible private property. Physical private property is protected, but intangible private property such as the information in your computer is not. It is the opinion of the author that this situation should be corrected. Since court cases influence the interpretation of the Amendment, relevant cases are discussed. Since computer forensics is the process used to submit digital evidence in a court of law, the impact of computer forensics is discussed. Seminal work in the area of the Fourth Amendment and digital information is also presented. The paper ends with suggestions on how to incorporate private computer files under the protection of the Fourth Amendment.
The effects of a vertical contraction on turbulence dynamics in a stably stratified fluid

We have experimentally studied the effects of mean strain on the evolution of stably stratified turbulence. Grid-generated turbulence ($Re_{\lambda \leqslant 25}$) in a stable linear mean background density gradient was passed through a two-dimensional contraction, contracting the stream only in the vertical direction. This induces an increase in stratification strength, which reduces the largest vertical overturning scales allowed by buoyancy forces. The mean strain through the contraction causes, on the other hand, stretching of streamwise vortices tending to increase the fluctuation levels of the transverse velocity components. This competition between buoyancy and vortex stretching dominates the turbulence dynamics inside and downstream of the contraction. Comparison between non-stratified and stratified experiments shows that the stratification significantly reduces the vertical velocity fluctuations. The vertical heat flux is initially enhanced through the contraction. Then, farther downstream the flux quickly reverses, leading to very strong restratification coinciding with an increase in the vertical velocity fluctuations. The vertical heat flux collapses much more rapidly than in the stratified case without an upstream contraction and the restratification intensity is also much stronger, showing values of normalized flux as strong as −0.55. Velocity spectra show that the revival of vertical velocity fluctuations, due to the strong restratification, starts at the very largest scales but is then subsequently transferred to smaller scales. The distance from the turbulence-generating grid to the entrance of the contraction is an important parameter which was varied in the experiments. The larger this distance, the larger the integral length scale can grow, approaching the limit set by buoyancy, before entering the contraction. The evolution of the various turbulence length scales is described. Two-point measurements of velocity and temperature transverse integral scales were also performed inside the contraction. The emergence of ‘zombie’ turbulence, for large buoyancy times, is in good quantitative agreement with the numerical simulations of Gerz & Yamazaki (1993) for stratification number larger than 1.
Finding Good Dubins Tours for UAVs Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) perform important surveillance functions on the battlefield. When a set of fixed targets for surveillance is known a priori it is desirable to find a minimum length tour subject to the kinematic constraints of the UAV and the terrain and threat constraints of the environment. The UAV path planning problem can be reduced to the traveling salesman problem (TSP) or the vehicle routing problem (VRP), both of which are known to be NP-hard. The problem of finding an optimal tour subject to kinematic constraints, the Dubins vehicle problem (DVP), is also NP-hard and several heuristics have recently been proposed. In this paper several instances of the DVP are posed and solved with a heuristic and the particle swarm optimization method. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) results are compared to another standard optimization method, and the best configurations found for these instances are reported.
Expression of a muscle‐specific, nitric oxide synthase transgene prevents muscle membrane injury and reduces muscle inflammation during modified muscle use in mice

Nitric oxide (NO) can function as either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory molecule, depending upon its concentration and the microenvironment in which it is produced. We tested whether muscle-derived NO affects muscle inflammation and membrane lysis that occur in modified muscle use. Transgenic mice with muscle-specific over-expression of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) were generated in which transgene expression was driven by the human skeletal muscle actin promoter. Transgenic mice and non-transgenic littermates were subjected to hindlimb muscle unloading followed by reloading, which causes muscle inflammation and membrane lysis. NOS expression decreased in transgenic and non-transgenic mice during muscle unloading. Muscle inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemistry after 24 h of muscle reloading following 10 days of unloading. Soleus muscles of non-transgenic mice showed significant increases in the concentrations of neutrophils (4.8-fold) and macrophages (11.3-fold) during reloading, compared to mice that experienced unloading only. Muscles of transgenic mice showed 51 % fewer neutrophils in reloaded muscles than those of non-transgenic mice, but macrophage concentrations did not differ from non-transgenic mice. Muscle membrane damage was determined by measuring influx of an extracellular marker dye. Significantly more membrane damage occurred in muscles of non-transgenic mice experiencing reloading than in ambulatory controls. However, membrane damage in the reloaded muscles of transgenic mice did not differ from that in ambulatory mice. In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed that mouse neutrophils lyse muscle cell membranes, and showed that inhibition of NOS in muscle and neutrophil co-cultures significantly increased neutrophil-mediated lysis of muscle cells. Together, these data show that muscle-derived NO can function as an anti-inflammatory molecule in muscle that experiences modified loading, and that NO can prevent neutrophil-mediated damage of muscle cell membranes in vivo and in vitro.
Model Before Measurement

Empirical testing in corporate finance often proceeds from qualitative theory to hypothesis tests by way of verbal plausibility arguments or via static models that do not actually make predictions regarding the quantities measured in the data such as investment rates and leverage ratios. Examples are provided regarding how this methodology has resulted in faulty inference. It is proposed that the formulation of hypothesis tests should instead be informed by operational models that explicitly map the primitive theories to measured variables. Examples are provided for how a particular class of operational models, Dynamic Quantitative Models, can be used to: inform empirical tests; estimate parameters; extract information from observed response elasticities; and perform a broad range of quantitative policy experiments. Recent criticisms of such models are addressed, and future directions discussed.
Characteristic States and Cooperative Game Based Search for Efficient Sequential ATPG and Design Validation

This paper introduces a new cooperative traversal on the partitioned finite-state-machine (FSM) space to generate test stimuli for both sequential test generation and design validation. The new features for this logic-simulation-based automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) include: (1) cooperative search that exploits orthogonality is performed on two global state partition sets; (2) feedback information is dynamically extracted from characteristic states (each characteristic state examines a subset of corner cases of the design) to prune away redundant search spaces; (3) different from dynamic partitioning, interactions between two global partition sets are emphasized in the proposed approach. The proposed cooperative search is similar to a cooperative two-player game, where each partition set presents the state space for a player. Experimental results show that test vectors generated by such a cooperative search can yield both higher coverage and up to 5 times reduction on test generation time
New high-voltage laboratory of the Bureau of standards

More effective service to the Federal Government and the electrical industry, and broader co-operation with national technical societies are anticipated as the National Bureau of Standards takes over its new specially designed laboratory for high-voltage and X-ray work.
Convergence and mesh subdivision for finite element analysis of non-linear magnetic fields

Abstract Finite element analysis techniques are becoming increasingly popular for the computer prediction of electromagnetic field distributions in magnetic structures. The triangular mesh employed in such techniques is particularly suited to the study of electromagnetic phenomena occurring at the interface of media having complex boundary geometries and non-linear reluctivities. Convergence, iteration times and mesh subdivision are factors which must be considered when designing finite element algorithms for the computer analysis of such problems. This paper describes the use of a variable acceleration parameter and mesh categorization data which can be used to improve convergence, simplify the iteration process for subdivided meshes and reduce the total computer time required for solution. The techniques are illustrated by predicting the flux distribution within both a circular ferromagnetic bar rotating in a magnetic field, and a stationary bar carrying an axial current.
The Effectiveness of Online Video Tutorials as Supplemental Library Instruction

Students are required to use academic databases throughout their academic career. This paper will focus on how to create video tutorials, and measure their effectiveness, to supplement in-class database instruction highlighting an example from Wichita State University’s sociology librarian. The creation of videos with the QuickTime screencasting tool as well as methods for what to record will be covered. Findings of this study are inconclusive but inform research design for further study. This study represents an institution specific implementation of online video tutorials and the outcomes for instructors and students.
Effects of Social Disruption, Stimulus Interference, and Aversive Conditioning on Auditory Hallucinations:

The effects of social disruption (talking with another individual), interference from a loud bell, and faradic aversion in suppressing auditory hallucinations were examined in a single case experimental design. Verbal exchange with another individual and contingent bell ringing produced only temporary results. However, faradic aversion appeared to produce more lasting results. The effects of treatment were maintained at 20- and 25-week follow-ups.
The small Tim proteins and the twin Cx3C motif

Abstract The mitochondrial intermembrane space contains the ‘small' Tim (translocase of inner membrane) proteins that are marked by their conserved ‘twin Cx 3 C' motif separated by 11–16 residues. Together with the Tim22 complex at the inner membrane, the small Tim proteins form the TIM22 import machinery that mediates the biogenesis of polytopic inner membrane proteins. Upon first investigation, the conserved motif resembles a zinc-finger-like domain, but the spacing between the cysteine residues differs from that a canonical zinc finger. Recent publications present different views about the function of the conserved cysteines: the cysteines form a zinc-finger-like structure to coordinate zinc or, alternatively, they form juxtapositioned disulfide bonds.
Memory, sleep, and dynamic stabilization of neural circuitry: Evolutionary perspectives

Some aspects of the evolution of mechanisms for enhancement and maintenance of synaptic efficacy are treated. After the origin of use-dependent synaptic plasticity, frequent synaptic activation (dynamic stabilization, DS) probably prolonged transient efficacy enhancements induced by single activations. In many "primitive" invertebrates inhabiting essentially unvarying aqueous environments, DS of synapses occurs primarily in the course of frequent functional use. In advanced locomoting ectotherms encountering highly varied environments, DS is thought to occur both through frequent functional use and by spontaneous "non-utilitarian" activations that occur primarily during rest. Non-utilitarian activations are induced by endogenous oscillatory neuronal activity, the need for which might have been one of the sources of selective pressure for the evolution of neurons with oscillatory firing capacities. As non-sleeping animals evolved increasingly complex brains, ever greater amounts of circuitry encoding inherited and experiential information (memories) required maintenance. The selective pressure for the evolution of sleep may have been the need to depress perception and processing of sensory inputs to minimize interference with DS of this circuitry. As the higher body temperatures and metabolic rates of endothermy evolved, mere skeletal muscle hypotonia evidently did not suffice to prevent sleep-disrupting skeletal muscle contractions during DS of motor circuitry. Selection against sleep disruption may have led to the evolution of further decreases in muscle tone, paralleling the increase in metabolic rate, and culminating in the postural atonia of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Phasic variations in heart and respiratory rates during REM sleep may result from superposition of activations accomplishing non-utilitarian DS of redundant and modulatory motor circuitry on the rhythmic autonomic control mechanisms. Accompanying non-utilitarian DS of circuitry during sleep, authentic and variously modified information encoded in the circuitry achieves the level of unconscious awareness as dreams and other sleep mentation.
COUNTER and Usage Data: A Two-Part Webinar

COUNTER and Usage Data: A Two-Part Webinar was offered through the joint cooperation of NISO (National Information Standards Organization) and Project COUNTER (Counting Online Usage of NeTworked Electronic Resources). The first part was held May 6, 2009, and consisted of three presentations. Opening remarks were made by Todd Carpenter, managing director of NISO, who also moderated the session. The second part was held May 13, and also consisted of three presentations. Opening remarks for this session were made by Karen Wetzel, standards program manager of NISO, who also moderated the session.
Coping With A New Society: The Unique Psychosocial Problems of Immigrant Youth

ABSTRACT: When immigrant children and adolescents leave their country of origin to live in the United States, they leave behind a familiar language, culture, community, and social system. They also experience a variety of emotional and cognitive adjustments to the realities of life in the United States. Many of these conflicts and adjustments place immigrant children at increased risk for psychosocial problems, school failure, drug use, and other risk-taking behavior. Early identification of immigrant children at risk for these problems can help school personnel and health care providers plan culturally appropriate and effective interventions. This article discusses the potential psychosocial problems encountered by immigrant children in adjusting to a new home, school, and society, and offers suggestions for action.
Factorizations of completely positive matrices

1. Introduction . DEFINITION. If with a ij = a ji , is a real quadratic form in x 1 …, x n , and where L k = c k l x 1 + … + c kn x n ( c kj ≥ 0 for k = 1, …, t ), then Q is called a completely positive form, and A = ( a ij ) is called a completely positive matrix .
A TCRMimic Monoclonal Antibody Generated from a Directly Discovered Epitope of p68 RNA Helicase Dramatically Debulks Large Established Tumors through Recognition of a Specific MHC/Peptide Complex.

Debulking large tumors using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that specifically recognize unique T cell epitopes represents a novel approach to cancer therapy.Using a mAb designated as a TCRm we recently demonstrated the in vivo suppression of tumor growth. The TCRm had specificity for a peptide/MHC class I molecule expressed on the surface of the tumor cells. In this study we use an innovative direct epitope discovery strategy that led to the identification of peptide YLLPAIVHI in the context of HLA-A*0201 (YLL/A2) in human breast carcinoma cell lines. The peptide is derived from the DEAD Box RNA helicase protein p68, a protein overexpressed and highly phosphorylated in malignant cells. A TCRm antibody (RL6A) was generated and characterized for binding specificity, sensitivity and affinity for the YLL/A2 target. The TCRm specifically stained cells that co-expressed HLA-A2 and p68 but not cells lacking expression of p68 protein or HLA-A2 alone. It binds to cognate peptide/HLA-A2 with an affinity constant (KD) of 5.69 x 10-10 M and recognized specifically the YLL/A2 epitope in human breast cancer tissue but not in normal control breast tissue.Mice implanted in the mammary fat pad with human breast tumor cells grew tumors of considerable size, yet when treated with RL6A TCRm there was a marked reduction in tumor size. Examination of frozen tumor tissue sections revealed significantly greater numbers of apoptotic cells in mice treated with RL6A TCRm than with control antibody. Investigation in vitro showed that TCRm engagement of specific YLL/A2 epitope led to the induction of apoptosis providing the first experimental evidence that MHC signaling could directly mediate tumor cell death. Together, these data indicate that TCRm targeting of specific peptide/MHC complexes unique to tumor cells is effective not only in slowing the growth of tumors but also in dramatically reducing the size of established tumors and suggests a possible novel approach to the treatment of cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5072.
Protein hydrogen exchange mechanism: Local fluctuations

Experiments were done to study the dynamic structural motions that determine protein hydrogen exchange (HX) behavior. The replacement of a solvent-exposed lysine residue with glycine (Lys8Gly) in a helix of recombinant cytochrome c does not perturb the native structure, but it entropically potentiates main-chain flexibility and thus can promote local distortional motions and large-scale unfolding. The mutation accelerates amide hydrogen exchange of the mutated residue by about 50-fold, neighboring residues in the same helix by less, and residues elsewhere in the protein not at all, except for Leu98, which registers the change in global stability. The pattern of HX changes shows that the coupled structural distortions that dominate exchange can be several residues in extent, but they expose to exchange only one amide NH at a time. This ‘local fluctuation’ mode of hydrogen exchange may be generally recognized by disparate near-neighbor rates and a low dependence on destabilants (denaturant, temperature, pressure). In contrast, concerted unfolding reactions expose multiple neighboring amide NHs with very similar computed protection factors, and they show marked destabilant sensitivity. In both modes, ionic hydrogen exchange catalysts attack from the bulk solvent without diffusing through the protein matrix.
The Spectra of NH Compounds

IT is well known that the flame of ammonia emits several characteristic bands. The appearance of the bands is strongly influenced by the temperature of the source. Thus the spectrum of the cool flame of ammonia is dominated by the diffuse so-called agroup in the yellow region. In the spectrum of a hot source of ammonia, burning in the electric are, the -group with its intensity maxima at 3370, 3360 is photographically by far the most intense. From investigations on the exciting conditions and on the structure of these bands, one may suppose that the very complicated -group is emitted by the excited NH3 or NH2 molecules, or a mixture of both, as one can distinguish with some degree of certainty two different systems in . Judging from some very distinct structural relations holding between the -group and the long series of known hydride spectra, we refer the origin of this group to the NH dipole. This will be discussed later. Other bands of the ammonia-oxygen flame are referred by Eder to NO compounds. Very recently, K. Gleu, in an interesting paper on the chemi-luminescence of chlorine trinitride in hydrogen trinitride (Zeits. f. Phys., 38, p. 176, 1926), reported some new bands of nitrogen hydride. From their symmetric positions around the -group and their comparatively simple structure we suggest that they also belong to the spectrum of the NH dipole.
Microwave-optical study of an As(III) derivative of Eco RI methylase

fluorescence quenching, low temperature phosphorescence and triplet state optically detectedmagnetic resonance (ODMR) of the intrinsic Trp residue(s). The affected Trp is subject to anexternal heavy atom effect (HAE) from arsenic, quenching its fluorescence and reducing itsphosphorescence lifetime from 6 sec to v.a. 70 msec. The enzyme high affinity binding site hasat least 27 times the affinity for As(lli) as does a typical sulfhydryl reagent, HSCH2CONH2. Theaccessibility of the arsenical to this Cys site was reduced upon formation of the ternary complexmethylase-DNA-sinefungin, suggesting a local conformational change in the enzyme when DNAis bound. The enzymatic activity assay of methylase is not affected by the addition of a 1:1molar ratio of the arsenical to the methylase, but incubation with an excess of As(lll) causescomplete loss of enzymatic activity. This suggests that the high-affinity Cys residue is not apart of the active site of the enzyme, but the addition of a molar excess of arsenical to theenzyme derivatizes the Cys residue known to be located in the active site.
Multi-site energy management for the smart grid

The multi-site commercial market including retail, restaurants, grocery stores, theaters and bank branches represents an estimated 12% of US peak load. Intensely cost conscious and ever-seeking economies of scale, multi-site chains offer a unique opportunity to improve energy efficiency and reduce consumption through automated demand response programs. That same bottom line laser focus also creates challenges - requiring solutions that provide multiple layers of control and visibility and high levels of security, while driving shed strategies that do not impact day-to-day operations and sales revenue.
Transcendental Arguments and Practical Reason in Indian Philosophy

This paper examines some Indian philosophical arguments that are understandable as transcendental arguments—i.e., arguments whose conclusions cannot be denied without self-contradiction, insofar as the truth of the claim in question is a condition of the possibility even of any such denial. This raises the question of what kind of self-contradiction is involved—e.g., pragmatic self-contradiction, or the kind that goes with logical necessity. It is suggested that these arguments involve something like practical reason—indeed, that they just are arguments against the primacy of “theoretical reason.” This characterization illuminates a characteristically Indic appeal to ordinary language.
Regulation of thyroid hormone receptor β-2 mRNA levels by retinoic acid

Abstract The thyroid hormone receptor, TR β-2, whose expression is limited to the pituitary and parts of the central nervous system, is strongly negatively regulated at the pre-translational level by thyroid hormone (T3). We have investigated whether retinoic acid (RA), whose receptors (RARs) share a high degree of homology with the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), can regulate this gene in a manner similar to T3, as has been shown for the growth hormone (GH) gene. GH3 cells were incubated with 10 nM T3, 1 μM RA or both for 48 h and then TR β-2 mRNA levels determined by RNA blot hybridization analysis. We observed a 73% decrease in TR β-2 mRNA levels after incubation with T3 and a two-fold increase in TR β-2 mRNA levels after incubation with RA alone. In the presence of RA, the T3 effect on TR β-2 mRNA levels was blunted with mRNA levels decreasing by only 20%. We investigated the mechanism by which retinoic acid increases and opposes the effects of T3 on levels of TR β-2 mRNA. In transient transfection experiments using a reporter plasmid containing the TR β-2 promoter and in nuclear run on assays, we found no effect of RA on TR β-2 gene transcription. We then investigated whether the effects of RA were mediated at the post-transcriptional level. Determination of the apparent half-life of TR β-2 mRNA using the transcriptional inhibitor, actinomycin D, showed that RA had no effect on TR β-2 mRNA stability. Therefore, we conclude that RA regulates another post-transcriptional event, either processing or transport of the TR β-2 mRNA.
Flexible process plans: their value in flexible automation systems

This paper defines three classes of process plan flexibility and investigates one class, sequence, via simulation. Sequence flexibility is measured by parallelism and system performance measured by makespan and mean flow time. For a modified job-shop problem both measures had a linear improvement with increased sequence flexibility. When all sequence constraints are removed makespan improved by 33-5% and mean flow time by 26-2%. These benefits were found to decrease as the workload became more continuous and homogeneous. The results have significant implications for mid-volume, mid-variety production from product design and assembly to process design.
Smoothly truncated levy walks: Toward a realistic mobility model

Mobility models are crucial for the simulation and evaluation of protocols for multihop wireless networks. However, most commonly used mobility models do not reflect the way humans actually move. This significantly affects the reliability of simulation results. In this paper we introduce a new mobility model called the Smoothly Truncated Levy Walk (STLW), which is more realistic than most standard models that appear in the literature. Its main innovations are as follows. First, to take into account dependencies in the direction of motion, it models changes in the direction instead of the standard approach, which directly models the direction and ignores these dependencies. Second, it uses realistic models for pause times, flight lengths, and changes in direction. In particular, it uses tempered stable distributions to model pause times and flight lengths and the beta distribution to model changes in direction. We justify the use of these distributions from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. In particular, we perform a trace-based validation on several real-world traces from various scenarios. Validation results show that this model is very flexible and can be used to model human movements in a variety of situations.
Polymerization of 2‐(chlorinated methyl)‐4‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxolanes

The polymerizations of the novel 2-(chlorinated methyl)-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes derived from mono-, di-, and trichloroacetaldehyde were investigated. Poly-2-trichloromethyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane was of particular interest because of its high hydrolytic stability and nonflammability. The monomers could be polymerized with cationic catalysts via the methylene functions without cleavage of the dioxolane rings. This selectivity was due to the acetal-stabilizing negative substituents and to the use of Lewis acid complexes of low reactivity as catalysts. In contrast to previously reported poly-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes, the title polymers were high-melting colorless solids of good to excellent fire resistance.
Family care for the older person with cancer.

Objectives To describe the needs of family members of older persons undergoing cancer treatment and to examine the interventions designed to alleviate caregiver distress. Data Sources Research studies and published articles. Conclusion Interventions to reduce distress for caregivers of older persons with cancer have the potential to lower patients’ hospital re-admissions and interruptions in cancer treatment and to improve patients’ and caregivers emotional health. Implications for Nursing Practice Oncology practitioners must consider the needs of family caregivers when planning and implementing interventions to improve or maintain caregiver health.
Quantitative analysis of the EEG posterior-dominant rhythm in healthy adolescents

Abstract Objective Pivotal studies of the normal EEG posterior-dominant rhythm (PDR) typically relied on visual inspection of a few seconds of EEG data from a relatively small number of subjects in each age category. We sought to analyze and characterize the PDR in a large cohort of healthy 15-year-olds, and to determine if PDR characteristics mature over the following year. Methods Seventy-nine healthy 15-year-olds free of neurologic and psychiatric disease underwent a resting-awake EEG, which was repeated 1 year later. In each study, PDR frequency was determined with fast Fourier transform analysis of a continuous 2-min EEG segment. t-Tests were used to compare relevant variables. Results From age 15 to 16 the mean PDR frequency increased from 9.9 to 10.0 Hz, a small but statistically significant difference. The PDR frequency range at both ages was 8.9–11.0 Hz, similar to values reported in prior studies on healthy young adults. There was no significant difference in PDR frequency between genders or hemispheres. Conclusions Maturation of the PDR is nearly complete at age 16. The frequency range of the PDR in healthy adolescents and adults is substantially narrower than the alpha band. Significance Based on this and prior studies, a PDR frequency of less than 8.5 or greater than 11.5 Hz should be considered abnormal in adolescents and adults.
Income effects and the marginal utility of income

Abstract It is shown in this note that the marginal utility of income corresponding to a money metric utility function can be computed from price/quantity data plus knowledge of income effects. Information about price derivatives of demand functions (or about the Hicks–Slutsky substitution matrix) is not required.
Autosomal recessive transmission of hemophilia A due to a von Willebrand factor mutation

The differential diagnosis of the genetic bleeding disorders, hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease, is occasionally confounded by the close molecular relationship of coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF). This report describes the autosomal inheritance of a hemophilia A phenotype due to a mutation of vWF that results in defective factor VIII binding. The proband was a female patient with low levels of factor VIII activity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing were employed to examine exons encoding the putative factor VIII binding domain of vWF. The patient was found to be homozygous for a single point mutation causing a Thr→Met substitution at amino acid position 28 in the mature vWF subunit. The phenotypic expression of the mutation was determined to be recessive because heterozygous family members were clinically unaffected. Recombinant vWF containing the observed amino acid substitution was expressed in COS-1 cells. The mutant vWF was processed and secreted normally, and was functionally equivalent to wild-type vWF in its abiltiy to bind to platelets. However, the mutant failed to bind factor VIII, demonstrating that the mutation was functionally related to the observed hemophilia phenotype. The family we describe demonstrates the recessive inheritance of a recently recognized class of genetic bleeding disorders, we call “autosomal hemophilia.” We conclude that vWF mutation may be an under recognized cause of hemophilia, especially in cases where the inheritance pattern is not consistent with X-linked transmission.
Mineralizable Nitrogen in Broiler Litter: I. Effect of Selected Litter Chemical Characteristics

Broiler (chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus ) litter is a mixture of manure and bedding material that is generated in large amounts by the broiler industry. This litter is typically applied to land as fertilizer, at rates estimated to supply adequate N. Estimation of rates is currently hampered by the lack of rapid methods to determine mineralizable N in BL. This study was conducted to compare the kinetics of N mineralization of 15 BL samples, and to evaluate selected chemical characteristics of the litter as predictors of mineralizable N. Broiler litter samples were mixed with samples of Cowarts soil (150 mg organic N kg -1 soil, -0.02 MPa) and incubated at 25°C for 112 d. Cumulative net N mineralized was fitted to a two-pool, first-order model, to determine the size of fast and slow pools of mineralizable N. The fast N pool varied from 116 to 569 g N kg ' organic N (ON), and could be predicted from uric acid-N concentration in the litter (r 2 = 0.92). The size of the slow N pool did not vary significantly among BL samples; (309 ± 94 g N kg -1 ON). Total mineralizable N (fast + slow N pools) ranged from 465 to 868 g N kg -1 ON, and could be predicted from uric acid-N and total N concentrations (R 2 = 0.91), or from uric acid-N concentration and C/N of the litter (R 2 = 0.95). The simplicity of the chemical indices involved should make this approach attractive to estimate mineralizable N in BL.
CREMα suppresses spleen tyrosine kinase expression in normal but not systemic lupus erythematosus T cells.

Objective T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display increased amounts of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) which is involved in the aberrant CD3/T cell receptor-mediated signaling process and increased amounts of cAMP response element modulator (CREM) α which suppresses the production of interleukin-2. Because SYK expression can be suppressed by CREM α we asked why CREM α fails to suppress SYK expression in SLE T cells.
Some theoretical observations on cyclopropane

Roald Hoffmann Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (Received 21 August 1965) The pecularities of the electronic structure of cyclopropanes have often been noted. In a previous communication (1) extended Hiickel calculationr were used to obtain a molecular orbital representation of cyclopropane in essence very similar to the Walsh picture of bonding in this molecule (2). Also studied was the preferred edge-on protonation of the molecule and the favored “bi.sected” (I) conformation of a classical cyclopropyl carbinyl cation (3). Some further results of a predictive nature obtained by the name method
Role of network connectivity on the elastic, plastic and thermal behavior of covalent glasses

Abstract Experiments on chalcogenide glasses show that local elasticity as measured by Raman scattering and the kinetic heat-flow near T g as established from temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry each display a threshold behavior associated with network connectivity as defined by the mean coordination, 〈 r 〉, near 〈 r 〉 = 〈 r 〉 c = 2.40. Network plasticity of amorphous group IV networks as deduced from nanometer-indentation hardness measurements varies linearly with 〈 r 〉 once 〈 r 〉 > 2.40. Consequences of these results connecting physical behavior of covalent networks with their connectivity are discussed.