cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Provenance-Based Classification Schemes Have a Role in Libraries and Information Centres? The Case of Classifying Government Publications

Libraries and information centres use often multiple classification schemes for organizing their collections. In Canadian full depository libraries government publications can be organized in collections using a government publishing office's own notation, knowledge organization notation, or other notational scheme designed especially for government publications. Provenance-based schemes such as CODOC are attractive for their universality and for work-related purposes that may be influenced by financial challenges. However, libraries that use multiple notations for government publications may open the potential for intellectual disruption to information retrieval practices in either physical or virtual browsing.
Thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators used for biosensing

The Auburn University Detection and Food Safety Center has demonstrated real-time biosensor for the detection of Salmonella typimhurium, consisting of a thickness shear-mode (TSM) quartz resonator with antibodies immobilized in a Langmuir-Blodgett surface film. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of bound Salmonella bacteria to both polished and unpolished TSM resonators were taken to correlate the mass of the bound organism to the Sauerbrey equation. Theoretical frequency shifts for unpolished TSM resonators predicted by the Sauerbrey equation are much smaller than experimentally measured frequency shift. The Salmonella detector operates in a liquid environment. The viscous properties of this liquid overlayer could influence the TSM resonator's response. Various liquid media were studied as a function of temperature (0 to 50 degree(s)C). The chicken exudate samples with varying fat content show coagulation occurring at temperatures above 35 degree(s)C. Kinematic viscosity test were performed with buffer solutions containing varying quantities of Salmonella bacteria. Since the TSM resonators only entrain a boundary layer of fluid near the surface, they do not respond to these background viscous property changes. Bilk viscosity increases when bacteria concentrations are high. This paper describes investigations of TSM resonator surface acoustic interactions - mass, fluid viscosity, and viscoelasticity - that affect the sensor.
How well do electric fish electrolocate under jamming

In two species of weakly electric fish, electrolocation performance and its vulnerability to electrical noise were assessed through behavioral experiments, providing the following results.
Influence of phosphorus on growth and nutrient storage by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) plants

Abstract The net productivity and nutrient (phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) uptake and storage by water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) were evaluated at P concentrations of 0.06, 0.26, 0.56, 1.06, 2.56 and 10.06 mg P l −1 in the culture medium, using 1000-l outdoor tanks with a surface area of 1.7 m 2 . Biomass yield increased with an increase of P up to 1.06 mg P l −1 , but higher concentrations did not increase biomass yield. Phosphorus storage by water hyacinth increased and decreased in response to P concentrations in the water. Maximum net productivity was measured at a plant tissue P content of 4.3 mg P g −1 . Further increase in tissue P did not increase productivity. Plant density affected P storage in the tissue. When water hyacinth plants were cultured at a low P concentration (0.06 mg P l −1 ), plant tissue P decreased by 50% within the first week of growth. Nitrogen and K storage in plant tissue increased with P supply of up to 2.56 and 1.06 mg P l −1 in the culture medium, respectively.
Distance independence in graphs

For a set D of positive integers, we define a vertex set SV (G) to be D-independent if u,v 2 S implies the distance d(u,v) 㘲 D. The D-independence numberD(G) is the maximum cardinality of a D-independent set. In particular, the independence number �(G) = �{1}(G). Along with general results we consider, in particular, the odd-independence numberODD(G) where ODD = f1,3,5,...g.
Polymer applications in three dimensional linear fracture mechanics analysis

A discussion is given of three types of experimental techniques which make use of polymers for the verification of theoretical solutions to three-dimensional linear fracture mechanics problems. The three techniques discussed are designated as the fatigue method, the photoelastic stress-freezing method and the static fracture method. These techniques employ poly(methyl methacrylate) sheets which are cut into appropriate fracture mechanics specimen geometries or castable epoxies which may be cast into flat plates or other appropriate shapes for investigation. The suitability of these materials for linear fracture mechanics testing is discussed and the quality of results obtained is described.
Clay as sealing material in nuclear waste repositories

Nuclear waste from thermal plants poses a lasting risk to the biosphere because of its long radioactive life. The planned definitive storage place for it is in deeply buried repositories. Such repositories would need to be both impermeable to water, and plastic during deformation, in order to avoid the formation of cracks that may allow water in. One of the clay minerals, smectite, has these two properties and is an ideal candidate as a sealing material or even host rock for nuclear waste repositories. The chemical stability of smectite in the repository environment is sufficient to maintain good sealing properties during the active life of the relevant radionuclides.
CHANGES IN CAPACITY OF THE LEG VEINS STUDIED BY A SIMPLE COUNTER-PRESSURE TECHNIQUE

The effective transmural pressure in the leg veins may be reduced to zero by appropriate inflation of an anti-g suit applied to the legs only. The central displacement of venous blood consequent upon suit inflation causes consistent physiological changes, particularly an expiratory shift of the end-tidal position recorded by a spirometer. The end-tidal shift is proportional to the expected displacement of blood, and is modified by both the initial venous pressure (varying body posture) and the initial venous tone (varying room temperature and use of pressor amines). It may thus be used as a simple index of the pressure/volume state of the leg veins before and after administration of pharmacological agents. Inflation of the anti-g suit also produces an increase of respiratory rate and minute volume, but tidal volume is unchanged. Vital capacity is reduced, both inspiratory and expiratory capacity being affected. Pulse rate and pulmonary compliance are also reduced. Each of these changes may be interpreted in terms of central displacement of blood.
Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Estimating the Growth Elasticity of Poverty

Summary This paper uses a new data set of 126 intervals from 60 developing countries to analyze the growth elasticity of poverty, that is, how much does poverty decline in percentage terms with a given percentage rise in economic growth. The data set is both broader in coverage and more selective in terms of quality controls than those used in the past. The study finds that while economic growth does reduce poverty in developing countries, the rate of poverty reduction depends very much on how economic growth is defined. Controlling for changes in income inequality, when economic growth is measured by changes in survey mean income (consumption), the growth elasticity of poverty (excluding Eastern Europe and Central Asia) is −2.79; that is, a 10% increase in the survey mean will reduce poverty ($1.00/person/day) by 27.9%. But, when growth is measured by changes in GDP per capita, the growth elasticity of poverty is a statistically insignificant −2.27, which is lower than has previously been estimated.
Extraction of Osmium Zinc Iodide Staining Material in Keratinosomes

Fixation or epidermis with osmium zinc iodide (OZI) for 24hr at room temperature renders keratinosomes (lamellar granules of epidermis), the Golgi region, and mitochondria preferentially impregnated with heavy material while the remainder of the epidermal cell merely shows background staining. OZI fixation intensifies the heavy metal staining of the lamellae and of the envelope of keratinosomes. Extraction of epidermis with hexane prior to fixation with OZI abolishes the intensified impregnation of the lamellae and of the envelope of keratinosomes with the osmium zinc iodide stain. Because hexane theoretically extracts nonpolar lipids only and does not cause tissue disruption, it is suggested that the OZI-positive materials in keratinosomes are largely nonpolar lipids.
The effects of computer communications on the reading and writing performance of fifth-grade students

Abstract This study examines the effects of a computer telecommunications program on writing performance and attitudes of fifth-graders (N = 50) in reading, writing, and computers using a pre-post comparison group design. Also assessed were the attitudes toward writing and computers of teachers (N = 22) enrolled in a graduate course on reading and writing. There were no significant changes in attitudes toward reading and writing attributable to students' communication experience. Attitudes towards computers, however, became more positive for students using computer communication than for students using computers without the communication experience. Examination of students' computer communications showed an increase in writing-production, clarity, and the use of details and examples to support ideas. Teachers' attitudes toward writing and computers significantly improved following their experience with computer communication. These findings suggest that computer communication can provide a meaningful, purposeful use of technology which may be beneficial to both elementary school students and teachers.
Routine liquid chromatographic method for assessing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in fresh water environments.

Routine Liquid Chromatographic Method for Assessing Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution in Fresh Water Environments J. J. BlacM, P. P. Dymerski 2, and W. F. Zapisek 3 1Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Division of New York State Department of Health, 666 EIm Street, Buffalo, N. Y. 14263, 2Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany N. Y., and aCanisius College, Buffalo, N. Y. 14208
Neuromotor Issues in the Learning and Control of Golf Skill

Abstract Theoretical and practical issues related to the neuromotor control of a golf swing are presented in this paper. The typical strategy for golf training consists of high volume repetition with an emphasis on a large variety of isolated swing characteristics. The student is frequently instructed to maintain consistent performance in each swing with absolute invariance. Based on dynamical systems and motor control schema perspectives, it is argued that golfers can learn a more reliable swing by exploring swing parameters and focusing on higher order control principles that reduce the vast number of degrees of freedom. Some candidate training practices are proposed for applying these theoretical issues into practice.
Comparison of intraarterial MR angiography at 3.0 T with X-ray digital subtraction angiography for detection of renal artery stenosis in swine.

PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of catheter-directed intraarterial (IA) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography at 3.0 T with that of x-ray digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the measurement of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral hemodynamically significant RAS (>50%) was induced surgically in six pigs with use of reverse cable ties. One to two weeks after surgery, each pig underwent x-ray DSA and MR angiography before and after percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). X-ray DSA was performed before and after PTA of RAS by injection of iodinated contrast agent through a 5-F multiple–side hole angiographic catheter placed in the abdominal aorta under fluoroscopic guidance. MR angiography of RAS was performed before and after PTA of RAS on a 3.0-T clinical MR imager with use of gadolinium-based contrast agent. MR angiography and DSA images were analyzed with the full width at half maximum method. Percent stenosis measurements between x-ray DSA and MR angiography were compared with a paired t test and were correlated with linear regression and Bland Altman analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS Six cases of RAS were induced and imaged successfully with DSA and MR angiography techniques before and after PTA. On x-ray DSA, median stenoses was 64% (95% CI 57%–80%) before PTA and 20% (95% CI 5%–32%) after PTA. Corresponding MR angiography median stenosis measurement was 69% (95% CI 58%–80%) before PTA and 26% (95% CI 16%–36%) after PTA. A paired t test comparison did not show a difference between DSA and MR angiography ( P = .16). RAS measurements on MR angiography correlated closely ( P r 2 = 0.92). CONCLUSION In swine, the accuracy of catheter-directed IA MR angiography with use of a clinical 3.0-T MR imaging unit for the measurement of RAS was similar to that of conventional x-ray DSA.
Adaptive walks on behavioural landscapes and the evolution of optimal behaviour by natural selection

One of the main challenges to the adaptationist programme in general and to the use of optimality models in behavioural and evolutionary ecology in particular is that natural selection need not optimise fitness. This challenge is addressed by considering the evolution of optimal patch choice by natural selection. The behavioural model is based on a state variable approach in which a strategy consists of a sequence denoting the patch to be visited as a function of the organism's state and time. The optimal strategy maximises expected terminal reproduction. The fitnesses of alternative strategies are computed by iteration of the associated equations for fitness; this characterises the adaptive behavioural landscape. There may be enormous numbers of strategies that have near optimal fitnesses. A population model is used to connect frequencies of behavioural types from one generation to the next. Theories on adaptive walks on fitness landscapes are considered in the context of behaviour. The main result is that within the context of optimality arguments at selective equilibrium, sub-optimal behaviours can persist. General implications for research in behavioural ecology, including tests of behavioural theories, are discussed.
Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection.

Purpose of reviewIn spite of the availability of antiviral therapy for the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections, the outcome remains poor, particularly for babies with disseminated multi-organ infection or central nervous system disease. This review considers recent advances that im
Transcriptional regulation by the phosphorylation-dependent factor CREB

The transcription factor CREB -- for 'cyclic AMP response element-binding protein' -- functions in glucose homeostasis, growth-factor-dependent cell survival, and has been implicated in learning and memory. CREB is phosphorylated in response to various signals, but how is specificity achieved in these signalling pathways?
Partisan Evaluation of Partisan Information

One recent and conspicuous change in the U.S. media landscape has been the shift toward more markedly partisan news content. At the same time, data suggest that the media audience has become more polarized across a wide array of controversial and politicized issues. Recruiting from a group of highly polarized opponents of childhood vaccinations, this study employed a 3 (content bias) × 2 (partisan vs. neutral participants) × 2 (information source) experimental design to examine audience perceptions of information bias. The data supported an expected hostile media perception in the case of “fair and balanced” information, but different patterns in the other bias conditions suggest that content variables can sometimes disarm defensive processing.
Obesity and kidney disease: potential mechanisms.

Summary Assessment of adiposity should include measurements of both body mass index and waist circumference. The prevalence of obesity, based on a body mass index of 30 kg/m 2 or greater, has increased substantially over the past 2 decades in Western societies. Obesity remains the number one preventable risk factor for chronic kidney disease because obesity largely mediates diabetes and hypertension, the 2 most common etiologies for end-stage kidney disease. However, obesity itself likely has independent effects on renal hemodynamics and individuals with a low number of nephrons are likely to be the most susceptible to these changes. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated whereby obesity directly impacts kidney disease including hyperfiltration, increased glomerular capillary wall tension, and podocyte stress. Weight loss reduces glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow along with proteinuria, but these changes are most notable after bariatric surgery in adults with morbid obesity. Aside from adiposity itself, the high caloric intake that leads to obesity also may heighten chronic kidney disease risk via the circuitous loop between Sirt1 and adiponectin and podocyte effacement. Sirt1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+dependent deacteylase that is up-regulated in the setting of caloric restriction. Sirt1 expression modulates adiponectin levels that in turn appear to influence podocyte effacement. Clinical trials are needed to assess the benefits and risks of intentional weight loss on kidney disease measures and progression.
Cardiovascular Complications of Extreme Obesity in Women

Severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2) is occurring at younger ages in US women and is relatively common among women of certain racial/ethnic backgrounds. It is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes and may represent an increasingly important facet of cardiovascular risk for US women. Bariatric surgery has the strongest literature base for producing substantial and sustained weight loss among the severely obese but carries the risk for potentially severe complications. An emerging literature shows that lifestyle intervention may lead to clinically meaningful weight loss in the severely obese, but that maintenance of such loss may be problematic.
Experimental evaluation of through-thickness stresses in a welded pipe using the consistent-splitting model

Experimental data for evaluating through-thickness residual stresses in a girth-welded pipe have been reanalyzed using an improvement in the analysis method. Data were obtained using a destructive experimental technique which involves three steps: parting-out, splitting, and layer removal. The improved analysis, called the consistent-splitting model, has been applied to the data in the splitting step. In addition to satisfying necessary equilibrium and compatibility conditions for the splitting step, the consistent-splitting model is easy to apply and requires no more data than are usually gathered for existing analysis models. Results from the consistent-splitting model show substantial corrections when compared to the originally computed residual-stress distributions. Comparisons of the results based on the consistent-splitting model with values from a finite-element computational model show generally good agreement. Questions about the assumptions embodied in analysis methods applied to the parting-out and layer-removal steps of the experimental procedure suggest future areas of potential improvement.
A proposal for a public domain systems library

The author discussed the characteristics of the ideal library and two classes of problems facing a project like the operating systems library, i.e., cultural and technical. Technical problems include version management, system integration, language conflicts, runtime support conflicts, and overall comprehension. A library of operating systems modules that is freely available and is a subject of research and investigation on its own right is proposed. >
Two faces are better than one: Eliminating false trait associations with faces

Traits spontaneously inferred from behaviors bind to actors' faces (spontaneous trait inferences, or STI), and can inappropriately bind to faces of persons deemed irrelevant to the behaviors (spontaneous trait transference, or STT). Experiments 1 and 2 showed that STT effects, while weaker than STI, nevertheless occurred in the face of clear irrelevance instructions. Experiment 3 showed that STT—but not STI—can be eliminated when faces and behaviors are separated perceptually. Experiments 4, 5, and 6 found no STT when a relevant and an irrelevant actor were presented simultaneously, suggesting that inferred traits bind exclusively to faces of relevant targets when these targets are present and bind to irrelevant targets only when relevant targets are absent and irrelevant targets are present. The experiments rule out an attentional account of this phenomenon, demonstrating STT elimination when attention to concomitant face-behavior pairs was ensured. The findings suggest a spontaneous attributional process.
Microcephaly: an epidemiologic analysis.

Abstract Objective: This study was conducted to identify all risk factors that are associated with microcephaly and to quantify the magnitude of risk that is associated with these factors. Study Design: This population-based case-control study used the Missouri Birth Defects Registry to identify 360 microcephaly cases and 3600 control cases during 1993 through 1999. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs. Results: Significant risk factors for isolated microcephaly include alcohol use, inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal care, black race, and low education. Mothers with one previous live birth were protected against isolated microcephaly compared with nulliparous women. Conclusion: Our results suggest that microcephaly may arise from some preventable factors. These findings may be useful in aiding clinicians, patients, and policymakers in reducing the risk of microcephaly, a source of high perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1484-90.)
Transport properties of high-Tc mercury cuprates†

Measurements of dc and ac susceptibility, resistivity, Hall effect, and thermoelectric power (TEP) on pure phase Hg-1223 and mixed phase Hg-1212-1223 cuprates are reported. The mixed phase compounds show the highest critical temperature (magnetic susceptibility onset of 138 K). Both Hall effect and TEP data support an underdoped state with hole-like conduction. Oxygen annealing reduces the Hall coefficient (increasing the concentration of holes) and lowers the TEP (increasing the Fermi energy) features which can be explained by a simple Fermi-gas picture. The Hall coefficient which increases linearly with temperature and the negative temperature coefficient of the TEP, however, cannot be explained by single-band Fermi-gas or -liquid theory, unless one introduces energy dependent carrier scattering. Estimates of the highest critical temperature based on the universality observed in the thermopower data for the cuprates suggest that 138 K is near the maximum one might expect for the Hg cuprates under optimal doping at atmospheric pressure.
The Significance of Congruence Coefficients: A Comment and Statistical Test

Contemporary researchers have mistakenly continued to assert that no procedure exists for assessing the statistical significance of congruence coefficients. Such a procedure, however, has existedfor more than a decade. This study presents and illustrates the procedure and discusses the problems that can arise as information is disseminated through academic channels.
Failed noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is associated with an increased risk of intubation-related complications

Background Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) use has increased in the treatment of patients with respiratory failure. However, despite decreasing the need for intubation in some patients, there are no data regarding the risk of intubation-related complications associated with delayed intubation in adult patients who fail NIPPV. The objective of this study is to evaluate the odds of a composite complication of intubation following failed NIPPV compared to patients intubated primarily in the medical intensive care unit (ICU).
Analysis of responses to St. John's Wort in the feline pulmonary vascular bed.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that St. John’s wort induces a depressor response in the feline pulmonary vascular bed and identify the pathways involved in the mediation or modulation of these effects.Design: Prospective vehicle controlled study.Setting: University research laboratory.Subjects: Intact chest preparation; adult mongrel cats.Interventions: In separate experiments, the effects of L-N5-(1-Imino-ethyl) ornithine hydrochloride (L-NIO), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, meclofenamate, a non-selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor, nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker, bicuculline, a GABA A receptor antagonist, and saclofen, a GABAB antagonist, were investigated on pulmonary arterial responses of St. John’s wort (SJW), pinacidil, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel activator, bradykinin, an inducer of nitric oxide synthase, 3-aminopropyl (methyl) phosphinic acid, hydrochloride (SKF-97541), a GABAB receptor agonist and muscimol, a GABAA receptor a...
Performance of adaptive Volterra equalizers on nonlinear satellite channels

Adaptive nonlinear Volterra equalizers are developed for compensation of nonlinear signal distortion in a satellite communications channel. The equalizers do not require a Volterra characterization of the channel and adaption of the weights is accomplished with the least-mean square (LMS) algorithm. Convergence of the equalizers are discussed as well as a multiple-step LMS adaption method which improves the convergence characteristics. The authors compare the performance and complexity of these equalizers to that of a linear equalizer for QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM.
INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN MAMMALIAN CELL-FREE SYSTEMS BY CHLORAMPHENICOL

Chloramphenicol can inhibit protein synthesis in mammalian cell-free systems as effectively as it inhibits protein synthesis in analogous microbial systems. Significant inhibition in mammalian systems was obtained only when protein synthesis was stimulated by the addition of template RNA to the system, there being comparatively little inhibition of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the absence of stimulatory RNA. It is postulated that chloramphenicol may inhibit the function of messenger or template RNA by successfully competing for ribosomal binding sites, thereby preventing the attachment of RNA to ribosomes. The apparent discrepancy in the sensitivity of mammalian and microbial cells to chloramphenicol may be related to differences in turnover or stability of ribosomal template RNA rather than to intrinsic differences in mechanism of protein synthesis. These observations are in accord with the suggestion that protein synthesis in intact mammalian cells may be susceptible to chloramphenicol inhibition only at the time that new messenger or template RNA is being deposited on ribosomes and that more mature cells may be resistant because informative RNA already deposited on ribosomes is not accessible to chloramphenicol inhibition. The inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol on protein synthesis in proliferating cells may be an important factor in hematologic toxicity attributable to chloramphenicol.
Single live cell imaging for real-time monitoring of resistance mechanism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

We have developed and applied single live cell imaging for real-time monitoring of resistance kinetics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Real-time images of live cells in the presence of a particular substrate (EtBr) provided the first direct insights of resistance mechanism with both spatial and temporal information and showed that the substrate appeared to be accumulated in cytoplasmic space, but not periplasmic space. Three mutants of P. aeruginosa, PAO4290 (a wild-type expression level of MexAB-OprM), TNP030#1 (nalB-1, MexAB-OprM over expression mutant), and TNP076 (DeltaABM, MexAB-OprM deficient mutant), were used to investigate the roles of these three membrane proteins (MexAB-OprM) in the resistance mechanism. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) was chosen as a fluorescence probe for spectroscopic measurement of bulk cell solution and single cell imaging of bulk cells. Bulk measurement indicated, among three mutants, that nalB-1 accumulated the least EtBr and showed the highest resistance to EtBr, whereas DeltaABM accumulated the most EtBr and showed the lowest resistance to EtBr. This result demonstrated the MexAB-OprM proteins played the roles in resistance mechanism by extruding EtBr out of cells. Unlike the bulk measurement, imaging and analysis of bulk cells at single cell resolution demonstrated individual cell had its distinguished resistance kinetics and offered the direct observation of the regulation of influx and efflux of EtBr with both spatial and temporal resolution. Unlike fluorescent staining assays, live cell imaging provided the real-time kinetic information of transformation of membrane permeability and efflux pump machinery of three mutants. This research constitutes the first direct imaging of resistance mechanism of live bacterial cells at single cell resolution and opens up the new possibility of advancing the understanding of bacteria resistance mechanism.
Managing disruptive patients in health care: necessary solutions to a difficult problem.

Background We sought to describe the components and processes in a violence risk assessment and management system, including electronic record requirements in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). We present information on system-level variation among program elements and their association with perceived and measured effectiveness. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Chiefs of Staff (COS) at 140 VA hospitals across the United States about specific disruptive behavior program elements, such as committee processes, patient referrals, and outcome patterns. We assessed COS perceived effectiveness of the processes. We compared COS perceptions with employee-reported assault-related incident rates and workers compensation lost time claim rates for assault-related injuries for 2009 and 2010. Results We found the violence risk assessment and management system is heavily used, often with guidance to provide police protection for providers. COS respondents were generally satisfied with design and performance of the system. Committee processes and perceptions of effectiveness were associated with reduction in assault-related incident rates. Conclusions VA's system was considered effective by system owners and users may be effective at reducing assaulted-related injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1009–1017, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Interfacial Modification on Electrical Properties of Laminated Organic-Inorganic Composite Insulators

Laminar (2-2) composite is treated as a model system to better understand interfacial interactions between an oxide and a polymer in more complex particulate polymer composites. Performed impedance spectroscopy measurements implied the modification of the polymer in contact with the oxide. Thermally stimulated depolarization current measurements have shown that deeper energy states can be engineered at the oxide and polymer interface by incorporating interfacial polar charge withdrawing functional group.
Global Pediatric Oncology: Lessons From Partnerships Between High-Income Countries and Low- to Mid-Income Countries

Partnerships between medical institutions in high-income countries (HICs) and low- to mid-income countries (LMICs) have succeeded in initiating and expanding pediatric cancer control efforts. The long-term goal is consistently a sustainable national pediatric cancer program. Here, we review the elements required for successful implementation, development, and long-term sustainability of pediatric cancer programs in LMICs that first arise as partnerships with institutions in HICs. Although plans must be adapted to each country's resources, certain components are unfailingly necessary. First, an essential step is provision of treatment regardless of ability to pay. Second, financial support for program development and long-term sustainability must be sought from sources both international and local, public and private. A local leader, typically a well-trained pediatric oncologist who devotes full-time effort to the project, should direct medical care and collaborate with hospital, governmental, and community leadership and international agencies. Third, nurses must be trained in pediatric cancer care and allowed to practice this specialty full-time. It is also essential to develop a grassroots organization, such as a foundation, dedicated solely to pediatric oncology. Its members must be trained and educated to provide pediatric cancer advocacy, fundraising, and (in concert with government) program sustainability. Finally, a project mentor in the HIC is crucial and should explore the possibility of collaborative research in the LMIC, which may offer significant opportunities. Relationships between the partnership's leaders and influential individuals in the community, hospital, grassroots foundation, and government will lay the foundation for productive collaboration and a sustainable pediatric oncology program.
Ancient and recent clay formation on Mars as revealed from a global survey of hydrous minerals in crater central peaks

Clay minerals on Mars have commonly been interpreted as the remnants of pervasive water-rock interaction during the Noachian period (>3.7 Ga). This history has been partly inferred by observations of clays in central peaks of impact craters, which often are presumed uplifted from depth. However, combined mineralogical and morphological analyses of individual craters have shown that some central peak clays may represent post-impact, possibly authigenic processes. Here we present a global survey of 633 central peaks to assess their hydrous minerals and the prevalence of uplifted, detrital, and authigenic clays. Central peak regions are examined using high-resolution Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment data to identify hydrous minerals and place their detections in a stratigraphic and geologic context. We find that many occurrences of Fe/Mg clays and hydrated silica are associated with potential impact melt deposits. Over 35% of central peak clays are not associated with uplifted rocks; thus, caution must be used when inferring deeper crustal compositions from surface mineralogy of central peaks. Uplifted clay-bearing rocks suggest the Martian crust hosts clays to depths of at least 7 km. We also observe evidence for increasing chloritization with depth, implying the presence of fluids in the upper portions of the crust. Our observations are consistent with widespread Noachian/Early Hesperian clay formation, but a number of central peak clays are also suggestive of clay formation during the Amazonian. These results broadly support current paradigms of Mars' aqueous history while adding insight to global crustal and diagenetic processes associated with clay mineral formation and stability.
Hip hop Ukraine: music, race, and African migration

Hip Hop Ukraine came across my radar when it appeared on a Paul Robeson search alert, and besides the questions raised as to why a famous African-American spiritual artist would be connected to Ukr...
Deconstructing Family: A Critique of the Ali's Domestic Partners Proposal

In promulgating the Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution: Analysis and Recommendations ("Family Dissolution Principles"), the American Law Institute (ALI) proposes an extensive set of new rules to apply in proceedings relating to family dissolution. One of the major policy changes in family law proposed by the Family Dissolution Principles is the expansion of the scope of relationships that are treated as family relations. Many relationships that in the past have been called "alternative relationships" (alternative to family relationships) are treated in the ALI Principles as equal to and given the same legal protections, benefits, rights, and remedies as historically have been extended by law to a relatively narrow range of intimate or domestic interpersonal relationships, specifically spousal and parent-child relations in the traditional marriage-based family. Most of the Chapters of the Family Dissolution Principles contain provisions that deconstruct and redefine "family" relationships. For example, many of the sections of Chapter 2 (Custody), Chapter 5 (Compensatory Payments), Chapter 6 (Domestic Partners) and Chapter 7 (Agreements) contain provisions that significantly expand protected family relations or radically alter existing family law doctrines. Among the most controversial of the proposed levelling reforms are those in Chapter 6 (Domestic Partners) where the ALI proposes to significantly increase the types of relationships that may claim the full economic protections and privileges of marital status upon dissolution. In Chapter 6, the ALI moves toward equalizing the legal status of all adult domestic relationships and the economic consequences of their dissolution by broadly defining domestic partners, liberally providing for how that status may be established, and proposing to extend almost exactly the same economic benefits to domestic partners as are provided to married couples upon dissolution. This article focuses on Chapter 6 to demonstrate the family-deconstruction-and-relational-equalization theme of the ALI's Family Dissolution Principles. It argues that Chapter 6 is predicated upon some erroneous assumptions about the characteristics of same-sex and heterosexual non-marital cohabitation, as well as the nature and qualities of marriage in general, and about the sameness of the economic expectations and interdependence of non-marital cohabitants and marital couples. It concludes that the ALI's Principles significantly redefines and deconstruct s the family by substantially and unjustifiably expanding the categories of relationships that are given legal preference as "family" relationships.
An Elective Course on Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Objective. To implement an antimicrobial stewardship (AS) elective course for second-year and third-year pharmacy students and to assess its impact on students’ perceptions regarding the application of AS principles.Design. A 2-credit elective course focusing on principles of AS incorporated prelecture didactic recordings with primary literature and guideline-based reading assignments, in-class active-learning group work and student-led presentations, and student-generated examination items.Assessment. Perceptions were assessed by precourse and postcourse survey items. Graded course assessments included completion of preclass assignments (readings, prerecorded lecture and writing assessment items), in-class active participation and group presentations, a midpoint examination, and a final examination.Conclusion. An AS-themed elective course in a doctor of pharmacy curriculum incorporating preclass, self-directed learning and in-class group-based active-learning strategies positively impacted students’ perc...
Unusual atypical language lateralization

Determining the language-dominant hemisphere is essential for planning epilepsy surgery. A 60-year-old right-handed woman with epilepsy since age 16 failed a partial right anterior lobectomy at age 21. Later, a brain MRI found extensive right-sided cortical dysplasia and periventricular heterotopia. Subsequently, prolonged video-EEG monitoring localized her seizures to the right temporoparietal region. Functional MRI was inconclusive in lateralizing her language, prompting a Wada test, which strongly lateralized language to the right. This unique case of atypical language representation in a right-handed individual with an extensive right-hemispheric congenital malformation and seizure focus illustrates the important thorough presurgical language assessment.
A New Species of Aclerda from Spanish Moss in Georgia (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Aclerdidae)

Aclerda tillandsiae , n. sp., is described from Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides L., and a revised key is provided to distinguish it from closely related species. A. tillandsiae usually attacks the moss behind the leaf sheath; specimens have their heads directed toward the basal portion of the stem.
Controller Development and Simulation using the Raptor 50 Helicopter Longitudinal Model

This paper will examine the use of a 3 degree of freedom longitudinal model of the Thunder Tiger Raptor 50 V2 remote controlled helicopter for developing controllers through modeling and simulation. Developed by the Department of Aerospace Engineering Flight Test Laboratory at the University of Kansas, the Raptor 50 dynamic model makes use of extensive flight test data. The dynamic model was based upon both flight test data and first principal equations. Extensive simulation and modeling was performed to verify that the developed model matched the performance of the flight test data. The purpose of this initial research is to develop a set of controller design specifications and performance criteria through both simulation and flight testing verification for use on autonomous helicopters.
Maximizing Coverage for Mobile Robots While Conserving Energy

This paper presents a method to compare area coverage paths in the context of energy efficiency. We examine cover-age paths created from the Boustrophedon Decomposition and Spanning Tree methods in an optimal control setting. Our cost function weights the force inputs to drive the robot and the currently uncovered region. We derive an optimal traversal of the path in a point-to-point manner. In particular, we introduce a meas function that represents the percentage of the area that is still to be visited. The effect of meas on the optimal traversal is derived. Trade-offs between area covered versus the time and energy required are presented. A simple trajectory modification allows the vehicle to continue moving through a turn to reduce energy consumption.© 2012 ASME
Antimicrobial Metallopolymers and Their Bioconjugates with Conventional Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Bacteria are now becoming more resistant to most conventional antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a complex of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial strains, has proven especially problematic in both hospital and community settings by deactivating conventional β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, through various mechanisms, resulting in increased mortality rates and hospitalization costs. Here we introduce a class of charged metallopolymers that exhibit synergistic effects against MRSA by efficiently inhibiting activity of β-lactamase and effectively lysing bacterial cells. Various conventional β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin-G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and cefazolin, are protected from β-lactamase hydrolysis via the formation of unique ion-pairs between their carboxylate anions and cationic cobaltocenium moieties. These discoveries could provide a new pathway for designing macromolecular scaffolds to regenerate vitality of conventional antibiotics to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria and superbugs.
An Efficient and Reliable Statistical Method for Estimating Functional Connectivity in Large Scale Brain Networks Using Partial Correlation

Currently, network-oriented analysis of fMRI data has become an important tool for understanding brain organization and brain networks. Among the range of network modeling methods, partial correlation has shown great promises in accurately detecting true brain network connections. However, the application of partial correlation in investigating brain connectivity, especially in large-scale brain networks, has been limited so far due to the technical challenges in its estimation. In this paper, we propose an efficient and reliable statistical method for estimating partial correlation in large-scale brain network modeling. Our method derives partial correlation based on the precision matrix estimated via Constrained L1-minimization Approach (CLIME) which is a recently developed statistical method that is more efficient and demonstrates better performance than the existing methods. To help select an appropriate tuning parameter for sparsity control in the network estimation, we propose a new Dens-based selection method that provides a more informative and flexible tool to allow the users to select the tuning parameter based on the desired sparse level. Another appealing feature of the Dens-based method is that it is much faster than the existing methods, which provides an important advantage in neuroimaging applications. Simulation studies show that the Dens-based method demonstrates comparable or better performance with expect to the existing methods in network estimation. We applied the proposed partial correlation method to investigate resting state functional connectivity using rs-fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) study. Our results show that partial correlation analysis removed considerable between-module marginal connections identified by full correlation analysis, suggesting these connections were likely caused by global effects or common connection to other nodes. Based on partial correlation, we find that the most significant direct connections are between homologous brain locations in the left and right hemisphere. When comparing partial correlation derived under different sparse tuning parameters, an important finding is that the sparse regularization has more shrinkage effects on negative functional connections than on positive connections, which supports previous findings that many of the negative brain connections were due to non-neurophysiological effects.
Scalar-type spectral operators and holomorphic semigroups

We show that a linear operator (possibly unbounded), A, on a reflexive Banach space, X, is a scalar-type spectral operator, with non-negative spectrum, if and only if the following conditions hold. (1) A generates a uniformly bounded holomorphic semigroup {e−zA}Re(z)≥0. (2) If\(F_N (s) \equiv \int_{ - N}^N {\tfrac{{\sin (sr)}}{r}} e^{irA} dr\), then {‖FN‖}N=1∞ is uniformly bounded on [0,∞) and, for all x in X, the sequence {FN(s)x}N=1∞ converges pointwise on [0, ∞) to a vector-valued function of bounded variation.