cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endogenous suppression of pheromone production in virgin female moths

Sexual receptivity generally is reduced in moths after mating. We found that even in virginHeliothis zea females the titer of pheromone declines after the third night of adult life, although the number of eggs laid increases. Reduction in pheromone titer is not due to reduced amounts of ‘pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide’. We have discovered that a substance present in the bursa, ovaries and hemolymph of senescing virgins suppresses pheromone production. A similar factor was found in 2-day-old mated females indicating that both virgin and mated females use this factor to suppress pheromone production.
Decentralized control of electric vehicles in a network of fast charging stations

To facilitate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and their plug-in hybrid (PHEVs) counterparts and to avoid straining the capacity of the power grid there is a strong need for developing a network of fast charging facilities and coordinate their service. Incorporation of EVs in the vehicle fleet would decrease green house gas emissions and overall dependency on fossil fuels. A key issue in charging EVs is that the corresponding time is fairly large, which can lead to very long delays. Hence, for the network of charging stations to provide good quality of service to customers, we first propose an admission control mechanism based on pricing for a single charging station. Subsequently, we develop a decentralized routing scheme of EV drivers, employing a game theoretic model. The latter entices drivers through price incentives to require charging from less busy stations, thus leading to a more efficient utilization of power across the network, while it enhances profit for the charging facilities operator. Of note, the proposed scheme does not require advanced monitoring tools for power usage and pricing calculations. The drivers receive and send back the necessary information through the a communications infrastructure and the routing is initiated only when the network has exceeded a critical threshold. The numerical results illustrate the discussed benefits of the proposed scheme.
Structure-activity relationship in analogs of tepa and hempa.

Two series of compounds related to tepa and hempa were tested on male house flies, Musca domestica L. The 1st series consisted of bis (1-aziridinyl) alkylaminophosphine oxides, the 2nd series of tepa-hempa intermediates. The sterilizing effect and toxicity of the compounds in both series were determined. In the 1st series, the sterilizing effect decreased with increasing length of the carbon chain in the alkyl group, except for the isopropyl compound which was a more effective chemosterilant than the ethyl compound. In the 2nd series, the progressive replacement of the aziridinyl groups with dimethylamino groups led to a steady decrease in the sterilizing effect. The toxicity of compounds in either series showed no definite trend and was entirely unrelated to sterilizing Effect. A safety factor was defined and calculated for each compound.
Branes between geometry and gauge theory

Der Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist Bestandteil der Stringtheorie und betrifft insbesondere die geometrischen Aspekte der Realisierung von Eichtheorien innerhalb der Stringtheorie. Wir studieren die Eichtheorie von D3-Branes an verallgemeinerten Singularitaeten wie der Orbifold- oder Conifold-Singularitaet. Die Einfuehrung der sogenannten Branediamanten fuehrt auf ein konsistentes Bild. Fuer diese Klasse von Modellen wird die Wirkung der Mirrorsymmetrie diskutiert. Im zweiten Teil untersuchen wir die Feldtheorie der M5-Brane auf der Grundlage des Supereinbettungsformalismus. Das Hauptresultat dieses Kapitels ist eine explizite Identifikation der selbstdualen 3-Form mit den Parametern der komplexen Struktur des Einbettungsraumes. Das heuristische Material, das in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln angesammelt wurde, weist darauf hin, dass die Informationen, die ein supersymmetrischer 3-Zykel enthaelt, zumindest teilweise auf supersymmetrische 2-Zykel zurueckgefuehrt werden koennen. Daher studieren wir den Fall von Brane-Boxen, die durch Ueberlagerung von gewoehnlichen N=2 Systemen aus D4 und NS5-Branes gewonnen werden koennen. Diese Konfigurationen erfuellen die Bedingung des `uniform bending' und der Lift auf einen supersymmetrischen 3-Zykel kann explizit ausgefuehrt werden. Im letzten Teil konstruieren wir eine neue superkonforme N=1 Eichtheorie, die aus einer Massendeformation der N=4 SYM entsteht und eine duale Supergravitationsbeschreibung durch die AdS/CFT-Korrespondenz besitzt.
A HIGHLY CONSERVED REGION IN THE HORMONE-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE HUMAN VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR CONTAINS RESIDUES VITAL FOR HETERODIMERIZATION WITH RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR AND FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION

Residues located between amino acids 244 and 263 in the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) show extensive homology with other members of the steroid/thyroid/retinoid hormone receptor superfamily. The corresponding region of the glucocorticoid receptor has been shown to interact with the 90-kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp90), yet hVDR does not appear to bind to hsp90. Herein we report a study of hVDR in which the functional role of five conserved residues was tested by replacing Phe-244, Lys-246, Leu-254, Gln-259, and Leu-262 with glycines by site-directed mutagenesis. Initial screening of these mutants indicated that all were significantly impaired in their ability to activate transcription from a vitamin D-responsive reporter construct when expressed in transfected VDR-deficient COS-7 cells. Further characterization revealed two classes of mutants: the predominant class binds the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ligand normally but is defective in its ability to form a heterodimeric complex with the retinoid X r...
Asymptotics in cocharacters of simple algebras with involution

Abstract We compute the asymptotics of the colength and maximal multiplicity sequences of simple algebras with involution.
Nitrosyl-cobalt monocarbollide complexes

Abstract The carborane anion [closo-2-CB10H11]− undergoes a polyhedral expansion reaction with [Co(CO)3(NO)] in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to afford [2-CO-2-NO-closo-2,1-CoCB10H11]−, isolated as the [N(PPh3)2]+ salt 1a. An X-ray diffraction study confirmed that the NO group is linearly bonded to cobalt. The CO ligand in 1a is readily replaced by PPh3 in the presence of Me3NO, or by PEt3 or CNBut directly, to give the species [N(PPh3)2][2-L-2-NO-closo-2,1-CoCB10H11] [L=PPh3 (1b), PEt3 (1c), CNBut (1d)]. Reactions of these anionic complexes with electrophilic reagents are exemplified by treatment of 1c with CF3SO3Me in CH2Cl2–THF to give the neutral, zwitterionic B-THF species [2-NO-2-PEt3-7-O(CH2)4-closo-2,1-CoCB10H10] (3a), and by the reaction of 1b with [CuCl(PPh3)]4 and Tl[PF6] in THF to give bimetallic [2,7,11-{Cu(PPh3)}-7,11-(μ-H)2-2-NO-2-PPh3-closo-2,1-CoCB10H9] (4b). X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals of 4b confirmed the presence of a CoCu bond.
Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasotocin.

A method for the radioimmunoassay of arginine vasotocin has been developed using methods and antisera previously utilized in the measurement of serum arginine vasopressin. For ssay of biological samples containing both vasotocin and vasopressin, simultaneous measurement of duplicate samples is conducted with two antisera.Samples known to contain only vasotocin require the use of only one antiserum. In mammalian samples 125I-vasopressin is used as labeled antigen, but in vasopressin-free samples (nonmammalian ertebrate samples) 125I-vasotocin serves as labeled antigen and provides greater sensitivity and specificity. Measurements of pituitary content of vasotocin in chickens and vasopressin in rats provided results consistent with previously reported data. Application to bullfrogs revealed increasing levels of serum immunoreactive vasotocin with increasing dehydration.(Endocrinology 95: 1726, 1974)
Minimizing Network Contention in InfiniBand Clusters with a QoS-Aware Data-Staging Framework

The rapid growth of supercomputing systems, both in scale and complexity, has been accompanied by degradation in system efficiencies. The sheer abundance of resources including millions of cores, vast amounts of physical memory and high-bandwidth networks are heavily under-utilized. This happens when the resources are time-shared amongst parallel applications that are scheduled to run on a subset of compute nodes in an exclusive manner. Several space-sharing techniques that have been proposed in the literature allow parallel applications to be co-located on compute nodes and share resources with each other. Although this leads to better system efficiencies, it also causes contention for system resources. In this work, we specifically address the problem of network contention, caused due to the sharing of network resources by parallel applications and file systems simultaneously. We leverage the Quality-of-Service (QoS) capabilities of the widely used Infini Band interconnect to enhance our data-staging file system, making it QoS-aware. This is a user-level framework that is agnostic of the file system and MPI implementation. Using this file system, we demonstrate the isolation of file system traffic from MPI communication traffic, thereby reducing the network contention. Experimental results show that MPI point-to-point latency can be reduced by up to 320 microseconds, and the bandwidth improved by up to 674MB/s in the presence of contention with I/O traffic. Furthermore, we were able to reduce the runtime of the AWP-ODC MPI application by about 9.89% in the presence of network contention, and also reduce the time spent in communication by the NAS CG kernel by 23.46%.
The Scientific Response to a Pandemic

Tomorrow, the world could face a pandemic. It could be due to H5N1 avian influenza—experts warn that it is just a matter of time—or a different influenza strain, an unknown pathogen, or a bioterrorist attack. In all cases, biological scientists face the challenge of characterizing the pathogen and determining how to control it. Their scientific judgments and public statements will shape the global pandemic response. During the SARS outbreak in 2003, scientists generated information that influenced everything from medical treatments to travel restrictions, trade policy, and political decisions. Given the importance of getting scientific information out into the world, scientists should consider now how they will respond and communicate in the setting of the next pandemic. In hopes of sparking that discussion, the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center organized an International Conference on Biosafety and Biorisks (http://upmc-biosecurity.org/pages/events/biosafety/report.html) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Office in 2005. More than 150 scientists and public health practitioners from 25 countries gathered in Lyon, France, to hear speakers from the WHO, the European Commission, scientific journals, Interpol, and public health networks—many of the institutions and individuals who will likely play key roles in the global response to the next pandemic. By discussing the biosafety and biosecurity challenges presented by past epidemics such as SARS, participants recognized the importance of scientific and public health collaboration in combating disease—and the need to plan. Each epidemic is different, and will have its own scientific and political dimensions that make planning difficult. However, based on past epidemics, there are some likely patterns. Researchers will need to share biological samples between laboratories, sometimes internationally; decision makers and journalists will want the latest information, which may not be peer reviewed; and researchers will risk contracting the disease they research, which could then spread outside of the laboratory. Scientists need to harmonize and modernize standards and training in these areas, to help make their response to a pandemic prompt, accurate, and safe.
The role of silica chemistry in controlling phase transitions in silica/surfactant composite materials

Real time in-situ X-ray diffraction is used to examine kinetic barriers between metastable phases in silica/surfactant composites. These materials are synthesized in a P6mm hexagonal structure using a range of base concentrations and then heated under a linear ramp in hydrothermal conditions. The composites are observed to first anneal into a more ordered hexagonal structure and then to undergo a hexagonal to lamellar phase transition. Activation energies for the phase transition and for annealing are calculated using non-isothermal kinetics. Activation energies for both processes correlate with the synthesis conditions. Materials made at the lowest pH show an activation energy of 163 ± 3 kJ/mol while materials made at the highest pH show an activation energy of only 106 ± 3 kJ/mol for the hexagonal to lamellar phase transition. This result can be explained with the postulate that materials synthesized at lower pH have a more condensed framework thus requiring hydrolysis of more siloxane linkages for the material to rearrange. The annealing process shows the opposite dependence on pH: materials synthesized at the highest pH have a higher activation energy (E a = 80 ± 16 kJ/mol) than materials synthesized at the lowest pH (E a = 58 ± 12 kJ/mol). This trend implies that the activation energy for annealing is related to silica condensation, rather than hydrolysis. The predicted affects of silica chemistry on annealing and the phase transformation are corroborated by 29 Si MAS-NMR. This relationship between synthetic parameters, silica chemistry, and the stability of silica/surfactant nanostructured composites is explored in this work.
Synthesis of the C-glycoside analogue of a novel sialyl Lewis X mimetic.

Sialyl Lewis X (sLex) mimetics that can function as selectin antagonists have received considerable attention in connection with the development of novel antiinflammatory therapies. An interesting structure that emerged from the studies of the Wong group is the 1,1-Gal-Man disaccharide 2, reported to bind E-selectin 5 times more strongly than sLex. The C-glycoside derivative 3 is of interest both as a conformational probe for selectin binding and as a hydrolytically stable analogue. Herein we illustrate a novel methodology for β-C-galacto-disaccharides in the synthesis of 3. The protocol has as a key step a novel oxocarbenium ion−enol ether cyclization to give a C1-substituted galactal.
Subjective utility and plans for childbearing and employment

Nonrecursive models of plans for childbearing and employment were estimated for a sample of white married women, age 26 to 36, with one or two young children. Women's concerns about care of children already born did inhibit their employment plans. Further, plans to have another child in the near future had a direct negative effect on full-time employment plans among women with one child, but not among women with two children. No direct effects of childbearing plans on part-time employment plans were found. In contrast to earlier research on longterm childbearing and employment plans, no direct effects of employment plans on plans for childbearing were found. It is suggested that attainment of the two-child family marks a turning point in the relation between childbearing and wives' employment.
Lords of all the world : ideologies of empire in Spain, Britain and France c.1500-c.1800

This book, the first to compare theories of empire as they emerged in, and helped to define, the great colonial powers-Spain, Britain, and France-describes the different ways and arguments these countries used to legitimate the seizure and subjugation of aboriginal lands and peoples."Learned, wide-ranging and important. . . . Pagden`s willingness to examine the three empires in tandem is as rewarding as it is innovative."-Linda Colley, London Review of Books"An impressive book, erudite and lively. . . .The book succeeds as an exercise in drawing together the interpretive treatises of three empires over three centuries and showing, often subtly but at times explicitly, their similarity."-William D. Phillips, Jr., American Historical Review"This volume . . . provides an excellent commentary on the imperial ideologies of three major European powers during the early modern era. . . . This is a book to which scholars will return time and again. I certainly found it intellectually stimulating."-Chandra R. de Silva, Sixteenth Century JournalAnthony Pagden is Harry C. Black professor of history at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He is also the author of European Encounters with the New World: From Renaissance to Romanticism and Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination, both published by Yale University Press.
Pneumocephalus after posterior fossa exploration in the sitting position.

Summary Entrainment oj' air fiillo\z,ing exploration qf posterior cruniulfo.s.su in the .cittinX position bt'us stuclicd in five patients. Intracranial pressure M*US monitored through a ~,entriculo.stoi?i!. catheter after c,lo.surc of the dura. In three patients nitrous oride was added to the breathing mil-ture onljs ufter the basdine intraeranial pre.r.wre had .riabilisedjallorz.ing elosure of the dura. A marked rise in intraeranial pressure rim observed immediutejy. A rapid deereusr in intrucraniul pressure occurred when nitrous o.uirJe administration was stopped. TK~O putients were given nitrous oxide from the beginning. No change in intrucraniul pressure M'as noted. ('omputerised tornogram on the .first postoperative claj~ reveuled u signifir,unt umount of oir in cixht CUSPS.
Seeing With Different Eyes: Another View of Literature in the ESL Class

Focusing on point of view in literature enlarges students' vision and fosters critical thinking by dramatizing the various ways a situation can be seen. This is especially valuable in international classes, wherein students from traditional education systems are often unfamiliar with critical ways of reading, questioning, and analyzing texts. Short stories told from a single, limited point of view or through the eyes of one character make excellent vehicles for demonstrating the extent to which limited knowledge or an emotional stake in the events colors a character's vision. As
Characterizing megascopic textures in fluorospar ores at Okorusu mine

Recent field mapping in two open pits at the Okorusu fluorspar mine in Namibia confirmed the presence of a variety of host rocks that were replaced by fluorite ores. The presence of certain textures in the fluorite ores can be used to identify the original host rock that was replaced. The character of the original host rock prior to fluorite replacement, in turn, has a significant controlling influence upon the beneficiation problems that are experienced for those ores.
Hull-Volume with Applications to Convergence Analysis

We introduce and study decompositions of finite sets as well as coverings of their convex hulls, and use these objects to develop various estimates of and formulas for the “hull-volume” of the sets (i.e., the volume of their convex hull). We apply our results to the convergence analysis of the “iterate-sets” associated with each iteration of a reduce-or-retreat optimization method (including pattern-search methods like Nelder–Mead as well as model-based methods).
A field-programmable antifuse memory for RFID on plastic

We demonstrate an integrated field-programmable nonvolatile memory technology on plastic, thus realizing a low-cost memory technology for systems on plastic such as RFID tags and sensors that require post-fabrication encoding with unique ID numbers. The crossbar memory array is integrated with steering diodes for every memory element, thus ensuring excellent addressability and scalability to large array sizes. Pentacene-aluminum schottky diodes were combined with a polyvinylphenol (PVP) dielectric to create field programmable nonvolatile memory crossbar arrays on a flexible PEN substrate. Our devices show high programmed/unprogrammed current margins (up to 10,000) at read voltages of 6V. Programming voltages are >20V, providing excellent read-write margin.
Expectations for an Interferometric Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Survey for Galaxy Clusters

We estimate the expected yield of a nontargeted survey for galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE). Estimating survey yields requires a detailed model for both cluster properties and the survey strategy. We address this by making mock observations of galaxy clusters in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. The mock observatory consists of an interferometric array of ten 2.5 m diameter telescopes, operating at a central frequency of 30 GHz with a bandwidth of 8 GHz. For a survey covering 1 deg2 per month, we find that clusters with a mass above 2.5 × 1014 h M☉ will be detected at any redshift, with the exact limit showing a modest redshift dependence. Using a Press-Schechter prescription for evolving the number densities of clusters with redshift, we determine that such a survey should find hundreds of galaxy clusters per year, many at high redshifts and relatively low mass—an important regime uniquely accessible to SZE surveys. Currently favored cosmological models predict ~25 clusters per deg2.
Induction of labor at 41 weeks of pregnancy among primiparas with an unfavorable Bishop score

To determine the rate and factors associated with the successful Induction of Labor (IOL) in nulliparous patients undergoing scheduled IOL at 41 weeks of gestational age (GA) with an unfavorable cervix. This was a retrospective analysis that included nulliparous patients who presented to the Labor and Delivery unit at the Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center between 2011 and 2012 for elective IOL at 41 weeks of GA. The Bishop score was assessed upon admission and IOL agents were used in compliance with ACOG guidelines in different combinations, based on the obstetrical team preference. Labor and Delivery Unit of the Bronx Lebanon Hospital. Nulliparous patients with 41 weeks of pregnancy for elective induction of labor. Seventy-six patients were included in the study. GA was confirmed using a combination of the last menstrual period and a dating sonogram during pregnancy. This was a retrospective chart review that included nulliparous patients who presented to the Labor and Delivery unit at the Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center between October 2011 and October 2012 for elective IOL at 41 weeks of gestational age with an unfavorable cervix defined as a Bishop score of 6 or less. The overall successful rate of IOL in a combination of different maternal factors with different agents for induction in nulliparous patients undergoing scheduled IOL with an unfavorable Bishop score at 41 weeks of GA was 51.32 %. Factors associated with successful IOL were younger age [22.3 years vs. 25.1(p = 0.015)], lower BMI [25 vs. 28.1(p = 0.46)] and lower maternal weight [64.75 kg vs. 74.02 (p = 0.28)]. Maternal height was not a contributing factor; the artificial rupture of membranes, epidural anesthesia and the prostaglandins used did not contribute. Use of cervical balloon and oxytocin was associated with failed IOL. Patients undergoing IOL at 41 weeks with an unfavorable cervix had a successful rate of 51.32 %. Younger maternal age, lower weight, and lower BMI were associated with successful IOL.
Torsional dynamics compensation enhances robotic control of tip-steerable needles

Needle insertions serve a critical role in a wide variety of medical interventions. Steerable needles provide a means by which to enhance existing percutaneous procedures and afford the development of entirely new ones. Here, we present a new time-varying model for the torsional dynamics of a steerable needle, along with a new controller that takes advantage of the model. The torsional model incorporates time-varying mode shapes to capture the changing boundary conditions caused during insertion of the needle into the tissue. Extensive simulations demonstrate the improvement over a model that neglects torsional dynamics and illustrates the possible effect of torsional model order on efficacy. Pilot feedback control experiments, conducted in artificial tissue (plastisol) under stereo image guidance, validate the overall approach: our results substantially out-perform previously reported experimental results on controlling tip-steerable needles.
The Legislative Design of Judicial Review A Formal Analysis

Judicial review of agency decisions clearly affects policy outcomes, both because the courts can overrule an agency's decision and because the threat of judicial review can affect the agency's choi...
Effects of suberyldicholine on carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.

Abstract The actions of the nicotinic drug suberyldicholine (SDC) on carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the cat have been examined. Suberyldicholine has a direct stimulant effect on chemoreceptors, followed by a small delayed effect which is probably not due to SDC stimulating the superior cervical ganglion, since the effect is also present when the ganglio-glomerular nerves are cut. The direct stimulant effect on chemoreceptors was reduced by mecamylamine or tubocurarine, but not by moderate doses of atropine. Suberyldicholine thus affects chemoreceptor activity via actions at a nicotinic site. There was no evidence of a direct action of SDC on carotid baroreceptors, even with high doses. Delayed increases in baroreceptor activity occurred with high doses of SDC, but these were secondary to the sizable changes in systemic blood pressure evoked by SDC.
The effect of zygotic bud position on the transmission of mitochondrial genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Segregation of mitochondrial genomes in yeast zygotes has been investigated by partial pedigree analysis of crosses involving the markers cap, ery, oli1 and par. The results demonstrate that the segregation pattern of markers is non-random during the first zygote generation and is directly related to slow mixing of the zygote cytoplasm. We have observed that a first bud may be formed at the center or either end of the dumbbell-shaped zygote. Cytoplasmic mixing is particularly slow in those zygotes producing first end buds.
A new ceramic tube piezoelectric gyroscope

We propose a new piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope made of a ceramic tube poled in the thickness direction. The gyroscope operates with flexural vibration modes in perpendicular directions. A theoretical analysis on the proposed gyroscope is performed using the one-dimensional equations for piezoelectric beams with the inclusion of the effect of Coriolis force and centrifugal force. Forced vibration solution is obtained showing the mechanism of the gyroscope. Voltage sensitivity and its dependence on various geometric and physical parameters are examined.
MVA vectors expressing conserved influenza proteins protect mice against lethal challenge with H5N1, H9N2 and H7N1 viruses.

Background The availability of a universal influenza vaccine able to induce broad cross-reactive immune responses against diverse influenza viruses would provide an alternative to currently available strain-specific vaccines. We evaluated the ability of vectors based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing conserved influenza proteins to protect mice against lethal challenge with multiple influenza subtypes.
Molecular cloning and analysis of yeast gene for cycloheximide resistance and ribosomal protein L29.

Abstract A cosmid clone bank of yeast DNA has been used to isolate the cycloheximide resistance gene cyh2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A cosmid carrying this gene was identified by cross hybridization to another cloned gene, tsm437. The two genes, which are tightly linked genetically are both present on a 31 kb segment of cloned DNA. The cyh2 gene encodes ribosomal protein L29, a component of the large subunit. Blot hybridization analysis reveals that this gene is present as a single copy in the yeast genome, unlike many other yeast ribosomal protein genes which appear to be duplicated. The cyh2 gene also appears to contain an intervening sequence, a characteristic common to most yeast ribosomal protein genes that have been cloned.
A combinatorial framework for parametric additive manufacturing

The design of engineered artefacts is often a difficult and costly task. Thus, substantial technical efforts have been directed at developing methods to reuse design data sets by identifying, and exploiting, latent functional connections between data sets. Parametric design is based on the premise that an inventory existing designs can be used to create design templates such that the identified functional connections are coded by embedded parametric expressions. Novel variant designs may then be generated by assigning reasonable values to the parameters and then evaluating the resulting expressions in a carefully controlled manner. The potential of parametric engineering is clearly shown in the context of additive manufacturing. It will also be shown that parametric engineering models can be based directly on finitary combinatorial structures, specifically simplicial complexes. This paper will also propose that a suitable computational framework for this approach can be based upon a functional model of computation.
A SIR-tain Acetyl Complex Is Caught by a Sulfur Trap

In this issue, Hawse et al. (2008) provide additional insight into the mechanistic properties of sirtuin enzymes by describing the structure of a thio-imidate in the active site of Thermatoga maritima Sir2, which strengthens the proposal that the enzyme directly couples NAD + and acetyllysine oxygen to form a versatile ADPR-peptidyl-imidate intermediate.
A neural dynamics model for structural optimization—Application to plastic design of structures

Abstract In a companion paper we presented a neural dynamics model for optimization of structures by integrating penalty function method, Lyapunov stability theorem, Kuhn-Tucker condition, and the neural dynamics concept. In this paper, we apply the model to optimum plastic design of low-rise steel frames. The objective and constraint functions are scaled to improve the efficiency and numerical conditioning of the algorithm. As demonstrated in the convergence histories for the four examples presented, the neural dynamics model yields stable results no matter how the starting point is selected. Since the neural dynamics model lends itself to concurrent processing effectively, development of a concurrent neural dynamics model for optimization of large structures appears a very promising approach, which is currently under investigation by the authors.
Superheating and supercooling in type I superconductors: Tin

Abstract The superheating and supercooling fields of unplated and copper-plated tin spheres are reported. The data suggest an increase in H c3 / H c2 with decreasing temperature.
The influence of crenulation cleavage development on the bulk elastic and seismic properties of phyllosilicate-rich rocks

Abstract The anisotropy of seismic wave propagation is strongly influenced by the mineralogy and microstructure of rocks. Phyllosilicates are elastically highly anisotropic and are therefore thought to be important contributors to seismic anisotropy in the continental crust. Crenulation cleavage is one of the most common microstructural fabrics found in multiply-deformed, phyllosilicate-rich, crustal rocks. We calculated the bulk elastic properties and resulting wave velocities for rock samples that preserved three different stages of crenulation cleavage development: an initial planar foliation, a moderately-developed crenulation cleavage, and a well-developed crenulation cleavage. Mineral orientation maps were obtained using electron backscatter diffraction and calculations were made using asymptotic expansion homogenization combined with the finite element method. The difficulties involved with sample preparation and data acquisition of phyllosilicate-rich rock samples are also discussed. We compare our results to more conventional methods for calculating an aggregate stiffness matrix from a mineral orientation map, namely Voigt and Reuss averages. These averages do not account for grain-scale interactions and therefore deviate from the results calculated using asymptotic expansion homogenization. Our results show that the rocks characterized by a planar foliation and a moderately developed crenulation cleavage are highly anisotropic, with P-wave anisotropies up to 30.9% and S-wave anisotropies up to 34.2%, whereas the rock characterized by a well developed crenulation cleavage is only mildly anisotropic, with a P-wave anisotropy of 15.5% and S-wave anisotropy of 10.7%. Progressive development of the fabric also causes the orientations of P- and S-wave velocity maxima and S-wave polarization directions to change markedly. Despite the high anisotropy imparted by a planar schistosity, the variety of folds and fabrics typically found in phyllosilicate-rich rocks within larger-scale crustal volumes will tend to mute the anisotropy, possibly to the point of appearing nearly isotropic.
Effects of physical mixing on the attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments

To examine the role of physical disturbance on the long-term preservation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments, cores were collected from two sites removed from point sources of PAHs and representing contrasting seabed mixing regimes. Although ΣPAH concentrations in sediments over the past 50 years were not significantly different between the two sites, several PAH isomer ratios were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two sites. Downcore changes in PAH isomer ratios resulted from preferential losses of the more linear PAH isomers. Thus, episodic, intense seabed mixing contributes to more efficient removal of selected PAHs. However, PAHs are still sufficiently stable relative to mixing events that historical PAH profiles can be used to reconstruct major resuspension events.
The interprocedural analysis and automatic parallelization of scheme programs

Lisp and its descendants are among the most important and widely used of programming languages. At the same time, parallelism in the architecture of computer systems is becoming commonplace. There is a pressing need to extend the technology of automatic parallelization that has become available to Fortran programmers of parallel machines, to the realm of Lisp programs and symbolic computing. In this thesis we present a comprehensive approach to the compilation of Scheme programs for shared-memory multiprocessors. Our strategy has two principal components: interprocedural analysis and program restructuring. We introduce procedure strings and stack configurations as a framework in which to reason about interprocedural side-effects and object lifetimes, and develop a system of interprocedural analysis, using abstract interpretation, that is used in the dependence analysis and memory management of Scheme programs. We introduce the transformations of exit-loop translation and recursion splitting to treat the control structures of iteration and recursion that arise commonly in Scheme programs. We propose an alternative representation for s-expressions that facilitates the parallel creation and access of lists. We have implemented these ideas in a parallelizing Scheme compiler and run-time system, and we complement the theory of our work with "snapshots" of programs during the restructuring process, and some preliminary performance results of the execution of object codes produced by the compiler.
The use of patient navigators to improve cancer care for Hispanic patients.

Background: Although the United States is one of the countries at the leading edge of medical breakthroughs and treatments, there are great disparities in the access to care among different socioeconomic strata. One of the most striking discrepancies regarding access to care is found among the ranks of the Hispanic population, which is the fastest growing minority in the United States, but for which cancer is the third leading cause of death. It is clear that better and timely treatment for cancer patients belonging to this minority is needed. Patient navigators can be an important tool to improve access to care of patients belonging to this minority group. Methods: Through a systemic search, we identified seven articles that employed patient navigators for Hispanic cancer patients. The identified studies addressed very limited pathology, three studying breast and four colon cancer patients. Conclusions: The presence of patient navigation can be an effective to remove impediments that limit the access to care in minority populations and can improve outcomes in Hispanic patients suffering from cancer. Further research to evaluate the cost of patient navigation in relationship to the added benefit early diagnosis, continued follow up and treatment is needed.
Soft tissue disease

In the assessment of patients with soft tissue complaints, it is important to consider infectious etiologies in the differential diagnosis, especially in immunocompromised hosts. The exact categorization of some bacterial infections of the soft tissues may be difficult. The structures potentially involved include the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and skeletal muscle. Classification is usually based upon the anatomic structure involved, the infecting organism, and the clinical picture. The categorization is complicated by the fact that some infections may involve several soft tissue components and multiple bacterial species. In this review, we will cover cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue infections, fasciitis, septic bursitis, tendonitis, and pyomyositis.
INITIATING GENETIC EVENTS IN SMALL RENAL NEOPLASMS DETECTED BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION

AbstractPurpose: To identify the genetic alterations associated with renal adenomas.Materials and Methods: We analyzed 37 renal adenomas obtained at autopsy (23 papillary and 14 non-papillary) by comparative genomic hybridization.Results: In papillary tumors, the median number of gains and losses of genetic material per tumor was 2.0 and 1.0, respectively. Papillary tumors were characterized predominantly by gains of genetic material on chromosomes 7 (57%), 17 (35%), 16 (26%), 12 (26%), 3 (22%), 20 (22%) and loss of a sex chromosome (83%). In 6 papillary tumors less than or equal to 5 mm. in diameter, gain of chromosome 7 occurred in 4 specimens. Initiating events for papillary renal adenomas include gain of chromosome 7 and loss of a sex chromosome. In non-papillary tumors, the median number of gains and losses of genetic material per tumor was 1.0 and 1.0, respectively. Non-papillary tumors were characterized by loss of genetic material on chromosome 3p (50%), loss of a sex chromosome (36%) and a gain o...
Early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments: progress and perplexity

Abstract Early diagenesis is the combination of biological, chemical, and physical processes which change the quantity and composition of the organic matter in the upper several hundred meters of marine sediments. During early diagenesis, from 30% to more than 99% of the organic matter deposited on the sediment surface is remineralized by sediment organisms. Rates of organic matter oxidation or oxidant consumption have now been measured in a variety of sediments and range over at least three orders of magnitude, from 20 mmol C m −2 year −1 to 60 mol C m −2 year −1 . High rates of organic matter oxidation are associated with high rates of sediment accumulation, organic matter influx to the sediment surface, and organic matter burial. Some patterns in the decomposition rates of different organic substances have emerged. Small, dissolved molecules (e.g. acetate) are remineralized much more rapidly than the biopolymers in fresh algal detritus, which in turn break down faster than refractory macromolecules such as lignins and melanoidins. Much of the organic matter in sediments consists of macromolecules of uncertain origin and composition which resist decomposition. However, the specific compound classes which have been measured in sediments (e.g. hydrolyzable amino acids and carbohydrates, fatty acids and hydrocarbons) often decompose as slowly as TOC (total organic carbon) in the upper 1 m of coastal sediments. In many sediments, a substantial fraction of the organic matter deposited on the sediment surface is not remineralized during early diagenesis. This preservation of organic matter in sediments remains partly a puzzle. One key process could be the incorporation of organic compounds into refractory geomacromolecules or humic substances. However, detailed information on the composition and structure of geomacromolecules and concrete evidence for a mechanism of geomacromolecule formation remain elusive. An alternative hypothesis is that much of the organic matter preserved in sediments is refractory when deposited and survives diagenesis with little change.
Contact activation of blood coagulation on a defined kaolin/collagen surface in a microfluidic assay

Generation of active Factor XII (FXIIa) triggers blood clotting on artificial surfaces and may also enhance intravascular thrombosis. We developed a patterned kaolin (0 to 0.3 pg/μm(2))/type 1 collagen fibril surface for controlled microfluidic clotting assays. Perfusion of whole blood (treated only with a low level of 4 μg/mL of the XIIa inhibitor, corn trypsin inhibitor) drove platelet deposition followed by fibrin formation. At venous wall shear rate (100 s(-1)), kaolin accelerated onset of fibrin formation by ~100 sec when compared to collagen alone (250 sec vs. 350 sec), with little effect on platelet deposition. Even with kaolin present, arterial wall shear rate (1000 s(-1)) delayed and suppressed fibrin formation compared to venous wall shear rate. A comparison of surfaces for extrinsic activation (tissue factor TF/collagen) versus contact activation (kaolin/collagen) that each generated equal platelet deposition at 100 s(-1) revealed: (1) TF surfaces promoted much faster fibrin onset (at 100 sec) and more endpoint fibrin at 600 sec at either 100 s(-1) or 1000 s(-1), and (2) kaolin and TF surfaces had a similar sensitivity for reduced fibrin deposition at 1000 s(-1) (compared to fibrin formed at 100 s(-1)) despite differing coagulation triggers. Anti-platelet drugs inhibiting P2Y1, P2Y12, cyclooxygenase-1 or activating IP-receptor or guanylate cyclase reduced platelet and fibrin deposition on kaolin/collagen. Since FXIIa or FXIa inhibition may offer safe antithrombotic therapy, especially for biomaterial thrombosis, these defined collagen/kaolin surfaces may prove useful in drug screening tests or in clinical diagnostic assays of blood under flow conditions.
The Transverse Energy Pattern Of An Electromagnetic Missile From A Circular Current Disk

The electromagnetic field from the current in a circular disk and its Poynting vector off the axis of propagation have been investigated both analytically and experimentally. These studies show that the electromagnetic (EM) missile has the following properties: (1) The waveform of the EM field when propagating remains similar in shape but diminishes in size. (2) The transverse distribution of energy around the axis is stable; i.e., when the longitudinal distance increases, the transverse pattern of the energy remains the same. This "plane-wave beam-like" property is different from continuous-wave (CW) radiation, in which the energy pattern is like that of a spherical wave. (3) The transverse energy pattern has a cusp on the axis. This property is also different from CW radiation. With CW, the radiation has a flat top on the axis of the main lobe.
Broad-line NMR investigation of the amorphous component of poly(trans-1,4-butadiene) and poly(4-methyl pentene-1) crystals wetted by carbon disulfide

Abstract Broad-line (proton) NMR measurements were made at temperatures from -15 to -96°C on crystals of poly(4-methyl pentene-1) wetted with a nonprotonated solvent, CS2. The mobile fraction, An, is found to depend on the crystal morphology and subsequent annealing treatments of dried crystals. An varies with temperature in the -30 to -70°C region; changes in the slope of the An vs temperature plot in this region with annealing treatment are interpreted in terms of changes in the amorphous portions of the lamellae. Previous NMR results for poly(trans-1, 4-butadiene) have been reanalyzed and the new An values obtained are given; annealing dry PTBD crystals at 80°C is shown to bring about a significant decrease in An.
Place, Time, and Philanthropy: Exploring Geographic Mobility and Philanthropic Engagement

America is a nation of movers, and this has implications for public and nonprofit managers who rely on donations and volunteers to increase the capacity of nonprofits and to strengthen local communities. This article explores the impact of time and place on philanthropic engagement, focusing on how three aspects of community—sense of belonging, social connections, and regional culture—are related to volunteering and giving to local organizations. The authors find that geographic mobility affects philanthropic engagement. Drawing on a survey of active older Americans, the authors find that three community factors —sense of community, social networks, and regional cultures— are related to one or both types of philanthropic behavior. The authors conclude by offering thoughts for future research and practice.
Jumbled Genomes: Missing Apicomplexan Synteny

Whole-genome comparisons provide insight into genome evolution by informing on gene repertoires, gene gains/losses, and genome organization. Most of our knowledge about eukaryotic genome evolution is derived from studies of multicellular model organisms. The eukaryotic phylum Apicomplexa contains obligate intracellular protist parasites responsible for a wide range of human and veterinary diseases (e.g., malaria, toxoplasmosis, and theileriosis). We have developed an in silico protein-encoding gene based pipeline to investigate synteny across 12 apicomplexan species from six genera. Genome rearrangement between lineages is extensive. Syntenic regions (conserved gene content and order) are rare between lineages and appear to be totally absent across the phylum, with no group of three genes found on the same chromosome and in the same order within 25 kb up- and downstream of any orthologous genes. Conserved synteny between major lineages is limited to small regions in Plasmodium and Theileria/Babesia species, and within these conserved regions, there are a number of proteins putatively targeted to organelles. The observed overall lack of synteny is surprising considering the divergence times and the apparent absence of transposable elements (TEs) within any of the species examined. TEs are ubiquitous in all other groups of eukaryotes studied to date and have been shown to be involved in genomic rearrangements. It appears that there are different criteria governing genome evolution within the Apicomplexa relative to other well-studied unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.
Magnon specific heat of CuGeO3 in the spin-Peierls state

Abstract We have used ac calorimetry to measure the specific heat of CuGeO3 below its spin-Peierls transition temperature in magnetic fields up to 7T, and have compared it to values calculated from a model triplet magnon dispersion curve. We find that the observed field dependence is much smaller than that calculated with Zeeman splitting of the magnon gap, but is consistent with that calculated assuming m=0 excitation (and mean-field, quadratic magnetic field dependence) only. This result implies weak coupling between thermal phonons and m=±1 magnons, so that population of the latter are frozen for times
Effects of aspirin responsiveness and platelet reactivity on early vein graft thrombosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if an incomplete response to or inadequate antiplatelet effect of aspirin, or both, contribute to saphenous vein graft (SVG) occlusion after c...