cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The economics of relationships

INTRODUCTION Relationships: Two Illustrations Each year, about $60 billion dollars worth of diamond jewelry is sold worldwide. Over the course of its journey from mine to warbrobe, a diamond typically passes through numerous intermediaries in search of just the right buyer. Because diamonds are easy to conceal, difficult to distinguish, portable and valuable, there are many opportunities to cheat on diamond deals. One would accordingly expect them to be handled with the utmost care. To the contrary, virtually no care at all is taken: Once gems leave the vault-like workshops, they do so in folded sheets of tissue paper, in the pockets of messengers, dealers and traders. They are not logged in and out … or marked to prevent substitution. They are protected from embezzling only by the character of those who transport. … On that slender record, gems worth thousands of dollars traverse the street and are distributed among buyers from Bombay to Buenos Aries, Pawtucket and Dubuque. In Puccini's opera Gianni Schicchi , the deceased Buoso Donati has left his estate to a monastery, much to the consternation of his family. Before others learn of the death, Donati's relatives hire the actor Gianni Schicchi, who is to impersonate Buoso Donati, write a new will leaving the fortune to the family, and then feign death. Anxious that Schicchi do nothing to expose the plot, the family explains that there are severe penalties for tampering with a will and that any misstep puts Schicchi at risk.
Chemical Solution Deposition of High-Quality SrRu O3 Thin-Film Electrodes and the Dielectric Properties of Integrated Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate Films for Embedded Passives

Ferroelectric film-on-foil capacitors are suitable to replace discrete passive components in the quest to develop electronic devices that show superior performance and are smaller in size. The film-on-foil approach is the most viable method to fabricate such components. Films of Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PLZT) were deposited on SrRuO3 (SRO) buffer films over nickel and silicon substrates. High-quality polycrystalline SRO thinfilm electrodes were first deposited by chemical solution deposition. The optimized crystallization temperature of the SRO films was determined by studying the phase, microstructure, and electrical properties. A phase pure, dense, uniform microstructure with grain size < 100 nm was obtained in films crystallized between 700 and 750°C. The room-temperature resistivity of the SRO films crystallized at 700°C was ~800–900 μΩ-cm. The dielectric properties of sol-gel derived PLZT capacitors on SRO-buffered nickel were evaluated as a function of temperature, bias field, and frequency, and ...
Tannin-measuring techniques : A review.

Techniques used in different biological and industrial fields for the detection and quantification of tannin compounds in plants are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the choice of method for ecological investigations, which may benefit from the use of a method that measures relative astringency of plant extracts at reduced costs in time and equipment, permitting the analysis of larger samples than may be feasible with more sophisticated analytical techniques.
Promotive and Prohibitive Voice Behaviors: The Role of Self-Regulation

Employees are driven to express their suggestions in order to improve their organizations (i.e., promotive voice behaviors), or to express their concerns in order to prevent the organizations from ...
Home and point-of-care pregnancy tests: a review of the technology.

The earliest known pregnancy test, “If the veins within her arm beat against thy hand, thou shalt say ‘she is pregnant,’” dates to 1350 BC and reflects medicine’s longstanding interest in developing reliable methods to determine whether a woman is pregnant. Hippocrates in 400 BC described a method to diagnose pregnancy as follows: “Ingest honey in water: if pregnant, painful abdominal distention will result.” During the middle ages, “piss-prophets” used uroscopy to diagnose pregnancy. In 1200 AD, it was believed that milk would float on top of urine from a pregnant woman. In 1500 AD, coating of an iron needle with black spots when immersed in a woman’s urine was thought to indicate pregnancy. In 19th-century France, the presence of a “Kysteine pellicle” in urine was used to diagnose pregnancy.1 The first scientifically based pregnancy test, the A Z test, was initially described by Ascheim and Zondek in 1928. This bioassay, as well as subsequent tests introduced between 1929 and 1950, which used changes in ovarian estrogen production, weight, or blood flow; uterine, prostate, or seminal vesicle weight changes in rabbits or rats; or gamete production in toads, were based on the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine of a pregnant woman.2 In 1957, the use of basal body temperature, which detects the rise in progesterone that triggers a rise in core body temperature occurring with ovulation and pregnancy, was introduced as a method for the detection of pregnancy. Starting in 1960, immunologic methods to detect hCG and hence diagnose pregnancy were introduced. The first antibody-based hCG assays used heme or latex agglutination to indicate the presence of immunoactive hCG in a pregnant woman’s urine. The radioimmunoassay for hCG was introduced in 1971 and the radioreceptor hCG assay in 1974.3 In 1976, the first home pregnancy test, based on hemagglutination inhibition, was introduced for sale in the United States. By the early 1980s, home pregnancy tests were based on an enzyme immunoassay or immunochromatography to detect hCG in urine.4 By 1988, monoclonal antibodies were introduced into home pregnancy testing. In the 1990s, the current generation of home pregnancy tests, which use monoclonal antibodies and visual labels in an immunochromatographic format, were introduced. These widely available consumer products cost pennies to manufacture, are simple to perform, provide results in under 5 minutes, and are able to reliably indicate pregnancy as early as 15 days after ovulation or 1 day after a missed menstrual period.
The design of preamplifier circuit based on weak signal detection

Combined with the demand of the detection of weak signal in precision agriculture, the article introduced the circuit princi- ple of deigning preamplifier circuit whit I/V Conversion level, instrumentation amplifier level and low-pass filter level. At the same time the article discussed the circuit's noise suppression and isolation according to the characteristics of the weak signal, and gave the method of choosing elements and noise reduction. Finally, gave the design of the weak signal detection pre-amplifier using the program-controlled integrated instrumentation amplifier PGA202.
Study on Blattella germanica control with different methods

Objective To discover an effective method for killing Blattella germanica.Methods Liquid insecticide,poisonous powder and smog were respectively applied in the general area,the critical place and the basement or storeroom.Results The density of Blattella germanica decreased by 84.21%～92.11% at the first day,93.75%～96.11% at the second day and 93.75%～100% at the third day.Conclusion Three types of insecticides were available and significant.And the three working together could kill Blattella germanica efficiently in practice.
Specifying Sounding Frequency of a Voice Model during Live Interactive Saxophone Performance

In this research, a system is developed by which a parametric, physics-based synthesis model of the voice may be controlled by the sound of a saxophone played during real-time performance. Use of physical models in such musical contexts presents challenges due, in part, to the sometimes musically unintuitive (and nonlinear) nature of their physical synthesis parameters. In the voice model here for example, an increase in input pressure from the lungs might (intuitively) increase the amplitude of the produced sound, but (less intuitively and perhaps less desirably) also cause a shift in sounding frequency. Here, we thus address the problem of mapping the higher-level musical parameter of pitch to lower-level physical synthesis parameters, subglottal (lung) pressure and vocal fold resonant frequency. A table matches all combinations of pressure and vocal fold frequency values in their playable range to the corresponding fundamental frequency of the model’s produced sound. Curves fit to the table data ultimately yield expressions for either physical parameter as a function of both desired pitch and the other parameter in the pair. Effectiveness of this solution is explored by extracting frequency trajectories from live saxophone input and using them to control the pitch of the voice model.
Synchronous picosecond sonoluminescence

Sonoluminescence is the phenomenon whereby sound energy spontaneously concentrates by a factor of one trillion to create flashes of light. Although sonoluminescence was discovered over 50 years ago, its dynamical properties have only recently been probed.
Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Management of Hypertension in Children

National guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hypertension in children have been available for nearly 40 years. Unfortunately, knowledge and recognition of the problem by clinicians remain poor. Prevalence estimates are highly variable because of differing standards, populations, and blood pressure (BP) measurement techniques. Estimates in the United States range from 0.3% to 4.5%. Risk factors for primary hypertension include overweight and obesity, male sex, older age, high sodium intake, and African American or Latino ancestry. Data relating hypertension in childhood to later cardiovascular events is currently lacking. It is known that BP in childhood is highly predictive of BP in adulthood. Compelling data about target organ damage is available, including the association of hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid-intima media thickness, and microalbuminuria. Guidelines from both the United States and Europe include detailed recommendations for diagnosis and management. Diagnostic standards are based on clinic readings, ambulatory BP monitoring is useful in confirming diagnosis of hypertension and identifying white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and secondary hypertension, as well as monitoring response to therapy. Research priorities include the need for reliable prevalence estimates based on diverse populations and data about the long-term impact of childhood hypertension on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Priorities to improve clinical practice include more education among clinicians about diagnosis and management, clinical decision support to aid in diagnosis, and routine use of ambulatory BP monitoring to aid in diagnosis and to monitor response to treatment.
Development of a CW 1140 nm Sodium Polychromatic Laser Guidestar

We discuss the development of an 1140 nm Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL) for use with a traditional sodium laser gudiestar at 589 nm as a sodium polychormatic laser guidestar (PLGS). Such a PLGS system would allow for the correction of atmospheric induced Tip and Tilt aberrations without the use of a natural guidestar. Narrowband 1140 nm laser output power > 12W is shown and simulations are presented to show the expected return for a PLGS.
Distance education: what is it? utilization of distance education in higher education in the United States

Technology-based distance education is emerging as an increasingly visible feature of post-secondary education in the United States (U.S. Department of Education, 1999). Educators have the opportunity to define, design, and manage effective and robust teaching and learning systems, programs, and courses. As distance learning becomes a serious alternative to the standard classroom environment, enormous opportunities and dilemmas present themselves for the players. This chapter examines the technology used in distance education; the type of student utilizing distance education; advantages and disadvantages for the student, the instructor, and the institution in the use of distance education; and the players involvedincluding higher education institutions, virtual universities, states, and consortia.
Design, Development, and Characterization of Recombinant Immunotoxins Targeting HER2/neu

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), also known as ErbB2, c-erbB2, or Her2/neu, was initially discovered in 1985 by two independent laboratories [1, 2]. Her2/neu is a 185 kDa (1,255 aa) transmembrane receptor encompassing an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and an extracellular ligand binding component [3–5]. Extensive clinical studies have shown that overexpression of Her2/neu is found in 20–40 % of patients with breast, ovarian, endometrial, gastric, bladder, prostate, and lung cancers. Studies clearly demonstrate that Her2/neu overexpression correlates with the prevalence of metastatic spread of many tumors and is generally considered to be a poor prognostic indicator [6–9].
P127 Detection of MICA antibodies: Comparison between MICA Screening and Single Antigen tests

Aim The presence of MICA antibodies is associated with worse graft outcome in solid organ transplant. Here, we aim to compare two MICA antibody detection tests: MICA Screening vs. Single Antigen Beads Based Test (SAB). Methods 20 sera with or without EDTA treatment were tested for MICA antibodies by screening (Onelambda LABScreen Mixed) or SAB tests (LABScreen MICA). Ratio of 2 in the screening test and MFI 1,000 in SAB test were used as the cutoff, respectively. Results We determined if EDTA treatment impact MICA SAB testing. Out of 15 samples, 7 samples displayed 23 MICA antibodies in EDTA treated or non-treated sera. In general, no significant difference of MFI (median fluorescence intensity) for MICA antibodies was observed between EDTA treated and non-treated sera. We did observe MFI of one MICA antibody increased from 9167 to 20566 upon EDTA treatment, suggesting this antibody showing prozone effect. We also found EDTA treatment increased MFI of positive control bead significantly (mean 6675 vs 9180). Next we compared results of MICA SAB testing on 20 EDTA treated sera with screening testing. We failed to identify the association between SAB test and screening test results (fig 1A). 4 sera, out of 8 MICA screening+/SAB- sera did not display HLA antibodies. 3 of these 4 patients had no sensitization events, suggesting positivity in these 3 patients is likely due to high background in MICA screening test. The mean ratio of screening testing on sera which were positive in SAB testing trended higher than sera having negative SAB test results, but the difference didn’t reach significance (fig 1B). Strong MICA antibodies (MFI>10,000) detected by SAB testing in two sera showed ratio >100 in screening testing, suggest both these assays can detect strong antibodies. Conclusions EDTA treatment may remove prozone effect for strong antibodies in MICA SAB testing. The screening testing tends to have high background, but strong MICA antibodies can be detected by both screening and SAB testing. The MICA SAB test is more specific than MICA screening test. Download : Download high-res image (71KB) Download : Download full-size image
Talkin’ ‘Bout Your Generation: The Impact of Applicant Age and Generation on Hiring-Related Perceptions and Outcomes

Two scenario-based studies were conducted to explore the relative impact of a job candidate’s age compared to generational membership on hiring-related perceptions and outcomes. Study 1 used paper stimulus materials and manipulated whether a job candidate was described as 60 years old, a Baby Boomer, 29 years old, or a Gen-Y/Millennial. Graduate student participants evaluated the job candidates across a number of traits and assessed their suitability for the job of Sales Director. Study 2 employed equivalent stimulus materials but was conducted 3 years later using an older and more age-diverse sample and an online data collection methodology. Consistent with hypotheses, there was strong evidence across the 2 studies that job candidates described as 60-year-olds were perceived as the least motivated and adaptable relative to the other job candidates. By contrast, compared to younger job candidates (Gen-Y/Millennial and 29-year-old), job candidates described as Baby Boomers were perceived to have similar levels of motivation across studies and similar levels of adaptability in Study 2. Baby Boomers were also perceived as significantly more motivated and adaptable than older applicants (60-year-old) in Study 2. Finally, both studies provided evidence of an indirect effect of applicant age and generation on hiring outcomes through perceptions of motivation, adaptability, and in Study 1, competence.
Liberating service learning and the rest of higher education civic engagement

Stoecker does not shy away from asking the hard questions, including challenging widely celebrated dominant theories, practices, and even histories in institutionalized service-learning. He challenges those in the field to reflect on the language we use, terms like “reciprocity,” “partnership,” and “social justice,” and to critically examine if our practice actually aligns with proclaimed theories and values.
Intimate Partner Violence and Children's Attachment Representations During Middle Childhood

Despite long-standing hypotheses that intimate partner violence (IPV) may undermine children's ability to form secure attachment representations, few studies have empirically investigated this association. Particularly lacking is research that examines IPV and attachment during middle childhood, a time when the way that children understand, represent, and process the behavior of others becomes particularly important. Using data from a sample of African American children living in rural, low-income communities (n = 98), the current study sought to address this gap by examining the association between physical IPV occurring early in children's lives and their attachment security during the first grade. Results indicate that, even after controlling for child- and family-level covariates, physical IPV was associated with a greater likelihood of being rated insecurely attached. This effect was above and beyond the influence of maternal parenting behaviors, demonstrating a unique effect of physical IPV on children's attachment representations during middle childhood.
Perioperative Thermoregulation in the Elderly

Perioperative thermal disturbances are common and there is considerable evidence that these disturbances are especially frequent in the elderly. The most common perioperative thermal disturbance—hypothermia—is both more likely and more severe in the elderly than in younger patients. Anesthetic drugs impair thermoregulation in all patients, and insufficient thermoregulatory defenses are the primary causes of hypothermia in most patients. Excessive hypothermia in the elderly is mainly due to disturbances in central and efferent thermoregulatory controls. Perioperative hypothermia has long been associated with complications including decreased drug metabolism and postoperative shivering. Even mild hypothermia may worsen perioperative outcomes by augmenting blood loss and transfusion requirement, decreasing resistance to surgical wound infections, and prolonging hospitalization. The elderly are especially susceptible to complications associated with hypothermia because of normal age-related changes in organ function and because many have substantial underlying diseases. However, thermal management for the elderly does not substantially differ from that for younger patients.
A Quick Startup Technique for High- $Q$ Oscillators Using Precisely Timed Energy Injection

High-quality ( $Q$ ) oscillators are notorious for being extremely slow during startup. Their long startup time increases the average power consumption in duty-cycled systems. This paper presents a novel precisely timed energy injection technique to speed up the startup behavior of high- $Q$ oscillators. The proposed solution is also insensitive to the frequency variations of the injection signal over a wide enough range that makes it possible to employ an integrated oscillator to provide the injection signal. A theoretical analysis is carried out to calculate the optimal injection duration. As a proof-of-concept, the proposed technique is incorporated in the design of crystal oscillators and is realized in a TSMC 65-nm CMOS technology. To verify the robustness of our technique across resonator parameters and frequency variations, six crystal resonators from different manufacturers with different packagings and $Q$ factors were tested. The implemented IC includes multiple crystal oscillators at 1.84, 10, and 50 MHz frequencies, with measured startup times of 58, 10, and 2 $\mu \text{s}$ , while consuming 6.7, 45.5, and 195 $\mu \text{W}$ at steady state, respectively. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the fastest, reported startup time in the literature, with >15 $\times$ improvement over prior art, while requiring the smallest startup energy (~12 nJ).
Examining absenteeism in the public and non-profit sectors

Using the Steers and Rhodes (1978) model of absenteeism behavior, this paper examines ability to attend and attendance motivation factors for public and non-profit managers. Attendance motivation factors utilized in this study include public service motivation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. T-tests and OLS regressions suggest that there are significant differences between absenteeism in the public and non-profit sectors and between genders. The results also suggest that organizational commitment, especially in terms of stakeholdership, is negatively associated with absenteeism. Perceptions of flexibility are found to be positively associated with the number of days missed.
Ionosphere and Thermosphere Responses to Extreme Geomagnetic Storms

Abstract Past research on the ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms provides valuable information on what can plausibly occur during extreme events. In this chapter, we focus on the phenomenon known as positive phase ionospheric storms, which tend to occur during the (geomagnetic) main storm phase. Positive phase refers to large daytime increases in the peak plasma density or column density (total electron content or TEC) over a period of at least 2–3 h. The TEC increase is the result of vertically convected plasma caused by E × B drift in the presence of a large east-west electric field of magnetospheric origin. Satellite data has revealed the broad hemispheric extent of the ionospheric changes that occur during daytime hours. Mid-to-low latitude TEC increases can be 5–10 times the quiet daytime values. Large TEC spatial gradients appear at middle latitudes, where the lower-latitude increases in TEC that are caused by uplifted plasma meet with high-velocity plasma caused by high-latitude electric fields. Another mid-latitude impact is a localized, large (> 60 TEC Units or 10 16 el/m 2 ) nighttime TEC enhancement feature following the positive phase storm, which was first observed over Florida following the October 30, 2003, storm. These large perturbations in the ionosphere are likely to have corollary effects on the thermosphere, in addition to the directly driven high-latitude thermospheric perturbations that are widely reported. We describe thermospheric impacts, including density increases and buoyancy waves, at altitudes above 500 km due to ion-neutral drag forces between the neutral species and the vertically uplifted plasma. These extremes in ionospheric behavior have consequences for a variety of technological systems.
Acute effects of device-guided slow breathing on sympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex sensitivity in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by augmented sympathetic reactivity, impaired baroreflex sensitivity, and an increased risk for developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Th...
Evidence for dietary time series in layers of cetacean skin using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios.

RATIONALE Stable isotope analysis integrates diet information over a time period specific to the type of tissue sampled. For metabolically active skin of free-ranging cetaceans, cells are generated at the basal layer of the skin and migrate outward until they eventually slough off, suggesting potential for a dietary time series. METHODS Skin samples from cetaceans were analyzed using continuous-flow elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry. We used ANOVAs to compare the variability of δ13 C and δ15 N values within and among layers and columns ("cores") of the skin of a fin, humpback, and sperm whale. We then used mixed-effects models to analyze isotopic variability among layers of 28 sperm whale skin samples, over the course of a season and among years. RESULTS We found layer to be a significant predictor of δ13 C values in the sperm whale's skin, and δ15 N values in the humpback whale's skin. There was no evidence for significant differences in δ15 N or δ13 C values among cores for any species. Mixed-effects models selected layer and day of the year as significant predictors of δ13 C and δ15 N values in sperm whale skin across individuals sampled during the summer months in the Gulf of Alaska. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that skin samples from cetaceans may be subsampled to reflect diet during a narrower time period; specifically different layers of skin may contain a dietary time series. This underscores the importance of selecting an appropriate portion of skin to analyze based on the species and objectives of the study.
Symmetry and degeneracy of phonon modes for periodic structures with glide symmetry

Abstract A large class of phononic crystals and mechanical metamaterials exhibit glide symmetry that dictates their functionality or exceptional performance. The glide symmetry gives rise to a number of intriguing phenomena like sticking-bands and degeneracy in the phononic band structures. Fully understanding of these phenomena demands analysis of the phonon modes’ symmetry property, which is, however, a challenging task since it involves nonsymmorphic space group analysis and special treatment of the Brillouin zone boundary. Therefore, this work introduces a systematic group-theoretical procedure determining the symmetry of phonon modes for periodic structures with glide symmetry. By taking the p4g group as an example, the symmetry of phonon modes is discussed by deriving the small representations for high symmetry k-points, and different types of degeneracies are elucidated. This work provides insight into the role of glide symmetry on phononic band structures and guides the symmetry analysis of periodic structures of other types.
CORTICAL AREAS and RELATED FIBERS

In this study, the following cortical areas have been described: pre-central and postcentral gyri, visual cortex, hippocampus, amygdaloid complex, tuberculum olfactorium, claustrum, and external and extreme capsule and capsula interna. A general discussion of the histochemistry of these areas follows the cytoarchitechtonic and histochemical observations.
A Scientific Genealogy: Early Development of Fetal–Neonatal Research

From a broad perspective, the human life-span can be considered as two major periods, prenatal life and postnatal life. By definition, the fetus in utero is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate. The word fetus, however, is an adopted Latin word which signified a “bringing forth, breeding, dropping, or hatching” of young (Smith and Hall 2000, p. 296). By metonymy it came to mean the young or progeny. Thus, strictly speaking a contemporary equivalent would be parturition and neonate. By common usage the term has been pushed back in ontogeny, and in humans, medical texts define this as the unborn young from the eighth week of pregnancy following fertilization (or 10 weeks after the onset of the last menstrual period), that time at which the major organs have been formed until the moment of birth. In humans at 8 weeks, it is about 5 cm (2 in.) in length, weighs ~8 g, and the developing head constitutes about one-half the total mass. From weeks 11–17 of gestation the brain, heart, and other organs continue to develop, and subtleties appear in the several structures such as centers of ossification in bones and development of genitalia. At about 16 weeks, a woman who has been pregnant previously will sense fetal movements, “quickening,” although this may not occur until about 20 weeks in a nulliparous (having not delivered before) woman. From weeks 18–27, development continues with the appearance of many structures such as eyelashes and eyebrows, finger and toe nails, and a fine lanugo hair that covers the body. From weeks 28–40, nerve growth with myelinization continues, the amount of body fat increases, the electrocorticogram takes on a cyclic pattern of low voltage high frequency (associated with rapid eye movements and other muscular activity and an increased rate of cerebral metabolism), alternating with high voltage low frequency. At this time, the fetus is capable of life independent of the mother’s womb, and for the most immature, survival has been enhanced greatly by advances in neonatology. By 37 weeks of gestation almost all infants can survive independently of neonatal intensive care (Figs. 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6).
Role-based privilege and trust management

The Internet provides tremendous connectivity and information sharing capability which organizations can use for their competitive advantage. However, we still observe security challenges in Internet-based applications, especially in terms of their limited support for controlled access to organizational resources and information for unknown users. Roles can be a convenient construct for expressing entitled privileges and trust degree alike, based upon which further specification of responsibility and capability is made so as to facilitate trust-based authorization for such an environment. In this article, we design a role-based privilege and trust management by leveraging a role-based trust model and a privilege management infrastructure, as an attempt to develop an easyto-use, flexible, and interoperable authorization mechanism for unknown users. Also, we demonstrate the feasibility of our mechanism by providing a proof-of-concept prototype implementation using commercial off-the-shelf technologies.
Medical Management and Diagnostic Approaches

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the basic principles of medical management of rat colonies and diagnostic approaches to detect infectious diseases of rats. Due to the fact that a comprehensive colony health monitoring program is so vital in protecting the validity and reproducibility of experimental research data, it must be devoted an appropriate priority in terms of budget, personnel, and other resources. The policies and practices should be defined in written plans, and agreement with the principles set forth should be secured by the scientific and administrative leadership of the institution, as well as by the veterinary and animal care group. Programs should be designed to monitor individual animal health through the use of direct methods such as close observation and physical examination. A program created to monitor the overall health status of a colony population often utilizes more indirect methods. Routine testing of selected representative animals (even in the absence of any signs of illness or disease) can provide valuable information regarding the viral, parasitic, and bacterial agents that such animals are either currently harboring or have been exposed to in the past. Risk analysis should be done by any institution planning on holding rodents, a process that should involve a discussion of the relative costs and benefits of the various options available for routine health monitoring as well as quarantine isolation and testing.
Changes in knowledge and beliefs of community health workers following an oral health intervention training program.

Greater acknowledgement of the ways in which social determinants influence health has led to increased engagement of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in health promotion activities. This study sough...
Thermally induced deactivation of lithium-ion batteries using temperature-responsive interfaces

Thermal runaway is a major issue facing widespread adaptation of lithium-ion batteries. To achieve safe, thermally stable energy storage, various approaches have been proposed to regulate exothermic electrochemical reactions at high temperature, yet these have could only be either applied in aqueous systems or impractical in large-format cells. In this communication, we demonstrate that a copolymer, poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride), or poly(CVE-MA), which exhibits a temperature-activated phase transition in organic solvents at high temperature, can be utilized as a thin film to inhibit lithium-ion migration/intercalation chemistries at the electrode/electrolyte interface. A large voltage drop and capacity decrease were observed at 80 °C due to interfacial hindrances imposed by the phase transition and resultant precipitation of poly(CVE-MA). This development of responsive polymers in organic solvents holds great potential for the future thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries.
Abstract P295: Synergistic Effect of Food Insecurity and Intimate Partner Violence on Maternal Depressive Symptoms

Background: There are evidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and food insecurity (FI) as independent predictors of maternal depressive symptoms. However, there are a dearth of studies that hav...
Inhibition of Cruzain by Triterpenoids Isolated from a Salacia Species from Monteverde, Costa Rica

The crude chloroform bark extract of an undescribed species of Salacia from Monteverde, Costa Rica, showed cruzain inhibitory activity (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.6 μg/mL). Activity-directed chromatographic s...
Cardiac Manifestations of Adrenal Insufficiency

It is estimated that the prevalence of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) is 1 in 10,000 people. There are multiple case reports and several studies that suggest a correlation between Addison disease and abnormalities of cardiac function. The pathophysiology of cardiac abnormalities in this condition is incompletely understood. This review explores what is currently known about the cardiac manifestations of Addison disease.
Pharmacoproteomics reveal novel protective activity of bromodomain containing 4 inhibitors on vascular homeostasis in TLR3-mediated airway remodeling

Small molecule inhibitors of the epigenetic regulator bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) are potential therapeutics for viral and allergen-induced airway remodeling. A limitation of their preclinical advancement is the lack of detailed understanding of mechanisms of action and biomarkers of effect. We report a systems-level pharmacoproteomics in a standardized murine model of toll-like receptor TLR3-NFκB/RelA innate inflammation in the absence or presence of a highly selective BRD4 inhibitor (ZL0454) or nonselective bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitor (JQ1). Proteomics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) secretome and exosomal proteins from this murine model revealed increased, selective, capillary leak associated with pericyte-myofibroblast transition, a phenomenon blocked by BRD4 inhibitors. BALF proteomics also suggested that ZL0454 better reduced the vascular leakage and extracellular matrix deposition than JQ1. A significant subset of inflammation-mediated remodeling factors was also identified in a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis produced by bleomycin. BALF exosome analysis indicated that BRD4 inhibitors reduced the induction of exosomes enriched in coagulation factors whose presence correlated with interstitial fibrin deposition. Finally, BALF samples from humans with severe asthma demonstrated similar upregulations of ORM2, APCS, SPARCL1, FGA, and FN1, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for early detection of airway remodeling and/or monitoring of therapy response. SIGNIFICANCE: Repetitive and chronic viral upper respiratory tract infections trigger toll-like receptor (TLR)3-NFκB/RelA mediated airway remodeling which is linked to a progressive decline in pulmonary function in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Small molecule inhibitors of the epigenetic regulator bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) are potential therapeutics for viral and allergen-induced airway remodeling. A limitation of their preclinical advancement is the lack of detailed understanding of mechanisms of action and biomarkers of effect. Our study revealed that the activation of (TLR)3-NFκB/RelA pathway in the lung induced an elevation in coagulation, complement, and platelet factors, indicating the increased vascular leak during airway remodeling. The mechanism of vascular leakage was chronic inflammation-induced pericyte-myofibroblast transition, which was blocked by BRD4 inhibitors. Finally, proteomics analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from humans with severe asthma demonstrated similar findings that we observed in the animal model.
Gadolinium-Induced Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

The column in this issue is supplied by Anita H. Shah, M.D., and Juan Jose Olivero, M.D. Dr. Shah obtained her medical degree at The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston and is currently an internal medicine resident at Houston Methodist Hospital. Dr. Olivero is a nephrologist at Houston Methodist Hospital and a member of the hospital's Nephrology Fellowship Training Program. He obtained his medical degree from the University of San Carlos School of Medicine in Guatemala, Central America, and completed his residency and nephrology fellowship at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.
NLN/Jeffries Simulation Framework for Simulated Participant Methodology

Abstract The integration of human role players into simulation education is at an all-time high. In 2017, the Association of Standardized Patient Educators released the Standards of Best Practice with the intention of complementing the International Nurses Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Standards of Best Practicesm: Simulation. As the popularity of human role players in simulation rises, it is imperative to wrap the andragogy with a theoretical framework to ensure simulation-based education (SBE) is maximized for safety, psychological fidelity, and educational outcomes. This article suggests a modification of the NLN Jeffries Theory into SBE, where human role players and simulated participants are integrated. The identified components of Jeffries Theory, context, background, design, educational practices, simulation experience, and outcomes remain unchanged from the original. The suggested adaptations within each component are also discussed. This modification can be referenced to establish, evaluate, and/or modify simulated participant education programs.
CARBON METABOLISM OF GLYCINE AND SERINE IN RELATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND A GUANINE DERIVATIVE.

The metabolism of glycine or serine in aninmals alnd niicroorganisms has been well documented. The catabolism of glycine by way of glyoxylate is by far the 1mnost imiiportalnt pathway in mammalian tissues (9,10) and in microorganisms (2). Glyoxylate could be formiied from glycine either by the action of glycine oxidase (14) or by transamination (8,11). The metabolic conversion of serine to glycine and a 1-carhon uinit is reversible and has been denmonstrated to occur in animals (5) and plants (6,7,20). lHowever, in wheat leaves, glycine is converted preferentially to serine (16,17). The conversion of serine to glycine in vivo in wheat leaves proceeds very slowly (16,17). Wang and Waygood (18) investigated the conversion of glycine to sugars in wheat leaves and proposed a glyoxylate-serine pathway in wvhich serine occupies a key position as an essenitial internmediate. Rabson et al. (13) also have discussed the glycolate pathway for the production of precursors of hexoses. Recently, the role of serine in glycinie metabolism has been clearly demonstrated by Wang and Burris (16,17), and glyceric acid has been implicated as an intermediate between serine and hexoses (13,16,17,18). In additioni to the transformation of glycine or serine to hexoses, a considerable portion of either amino acid is utilized for the synthesis of a number of acidic compounds (15-18). The type of compotunds derived fromii these amino acids, besides glyceric and glycolic acids, had not been investigated fully, and the present communication deals with some of the fin(dinigs fromii a study of these compotnll(s.
Numerical Mode Decomposition for the A-Φ Formulation with Inhomogeneous Media

Compared with the E-H electromagnetic field formula, the $\mathrm{A}-\Phi$ formula is immune to low-frequency breakdown, which makes it an accurate model over broad frequency range. Besides, the $\mathrm{A}-\Phi$ formula plays an essential role in the quantization of the EM $\mathrm{field}$ and taking other quantum effects into consideration together with EM field. In this paper, the numerical mode decomposition expressions for the $\mathrm{A}-\Phi$ formula are derived based on the finite element method for inhomogeneous dielectric materials, which can be used as a fast numerical solver for and finding the eigenmodes of the $\mathrm{A}-\Phi$ formula with inhomogeneous EM background.
Harnessing Natural Mosaics: Antibody-Instructed, Multi-Envelope HIV-1 Vaccine Design.

The year 2021 marks the 40th anniversary since physicians recognized symptoms of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease that has since caused more than 30 million deaths worldwide. Despite the passing of four decades, there remains no licensed vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiologic agent of AIDS. Despite the development of outstanding anti-retroviral drugs, there are currently more than one-half million deaths each year due to AIDS. Here, we revisit a conventional vaccine strategy used for protection against variable pathogens like HIV-1, which combines an array of diverse surface antigens. The strategy uses antibody recognition patterns to categorize viruses and their surface antigens into groups. Then a leader is assigned for each group and group leaders are formulated into vaccine cocktails. The group leaders are ‘natural mosaics’, because they share one or more epitope(s) with each of the other group members. We encourage the application of this conventional approach to HIV-1 vaccine design. We suggest that the partnering of an antibody-instructed envelope cocktail with new vaccine vectors will yield a successful vaccine in the HIV-1 field.
Chapter XII Assay of Enzymes of CO2 Metabolism

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the procedures used for the assay of enzymes of CO2 metabolism in microorganisms. The description of the assay methods for each enzyme is preceded by a brief summary, which includes the species distribution of the enzyme, the probable physiological role of the enzyme (where appropriate), and some relevant properties. The species distribution indicates some types of microorganisms in which the enzyme has been found as a possible guide to further studies. The summary of the properties of the enzyme is in most instances confined to a description of the requirement for dissociable cofactors and of the effect—if any—of metabolites, which are neither substrates nor products of the reaction on the rate of catalysis. The assay procedures described have been devised in most cases for the enzyme in a given microorganism. The procedures have been modified from the original description when necessary, such that standard total volumes of 1 ml and 3 ml are used for spectrophotometric and manometric procedures respectively. These standard volumes are adopted for convenience and have no especial significance.
Two algorithms for inducing causal models from data

Many methods have been developed for inducing cause from statistical data. Those employing linear regression have historically been discounted, due to their inability to distinguish true from spurious cause. We present a regression-based statistic that avoids this problem by separating direct and indirect influences. We use this statistic in two causal induction algorithms, each taking a different approach to constructing causal models. We demonstrate empirically the accuracy of these algorithms.
Class Conflicts of Law I: Unilateral Worker Lawmaking versus Unilateral Employer Lawmaking in the U.S. Workplace

The history of American labor law can be viewed as a struggle between lawmaking workers and lawmaking employers over jurisdiction and enforcement power. During the first half of the twentieth century, American workers routinely engaged in unilateral lawmaking. They developed social norms and, where possible, formal rules governing such matters as the pace of work, the length of the working day, the proper attitude toward the boss, and the obligations of solidarity. Through these activities, workers experienced first-hand the power of solidaristic organization. Partly as a result, many workers were passionately loyal to their unions, attended union meetings, and participated in union activities.Initially, it appeared that unilateral worker lawmaking would be protected against employer retaliation under section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act. However, courts, labor arbitrators, and - eventually - the NLRB came to agree that employer property rights trumped worker norm enforcement inside the workplace. Over time, these rulings undermined the practice of unilateral worker lawmaking and, along with it, the participation, loyalty, and commitment of union members. This result was neither desired nor anticipated by the decision-makers who developed the legal doctrines. They believed that their rules would produce a stable system in which unions and employers could bargain on a basis of mutual respect. They assumed that the norm of solidarity would remain strong, that the outside strike would give industrial unions a rough equality of bargaining power with employers, and that workers would continue to engage in self-enforcement if grievance and arbitration procedures became unresponsive. Unfortunately for workers, they failed to recognize that the generation of solidaristic norms and practices was an accomplishment that could not be sustained without constant re-enactment by workers. In recent years, some of the most successful organizing unions have begun to revive the tradition of unilateral worker lawmaking. Instead of campaigning for a majority vote in a one-shot representation election, workers develop and enforce norms of fair treatment and solidarity. Organizing committees begin to function like unions without waiting for employer recognition. Once a collective bargaining agreement has been negotiated, workers strive to enforce it on their own. Unfortunately for workers and unions, the old doctrines continue to constrain such activities despite the erosion of their supporting assumptions.