cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eliminate the Oil Leakage Phenomenon of Engine's Cylinder Cover Using QC Method

This article,firstly,introduced that how to analyze and research the oil leakage problem of series B engine's cylinder cover using the QC method in Engine Manufacturer of SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Company.It not only eliminated the oil leakage phenomenon problem of series B engine's cylinder cover,but also solved the problem of bottleneck for increasing throughput and excessive cost for thermal test in the engine factory.Finally,it has pointed out the QC method's application prospect in actual production in the future.
Cooling Method and Vegetable Growth in Closed Greenhouses Based on Ditch Cultivation

Since the soil temperature in closed greenhouses is relatively constant and less influenced by external environment,the ditch cultivation method in closed greenhouses is adopted to conduct tests in this research. Moreover,water is supplied according to the transpiration to create suitable conditions for crops. The differences among the environmental factors of different ditches with various depth and their influences on transpiration rate,yield of Chinese cabbage as well as water productivity are researched.The results show that in high temperature condition the temperature values in 0. 7 m and 0. 9 m( the depth of the ditch) are reduced obviously compared with CKi( Check treatment in greenhouse),and the maximum temperature difference is larger than 20℃. The humidity is maintained between 25% and75%,which is suitable for the growth of crops. The water productivity for each treatment are: 0. 9 m 0. 7 m 0. 5 m 0. 25 m CKi CKo. In high temperature,ditches with the depths of 0. 7 m and 0. 9 m are more suitable for the growth of Chinese cabbage. Therefore,ditch cultivation method can solve the high temperature and high humidity problems of closed greenhouse. Meanwhile,it can improve the crop water productivity.
TT-TG vs. modified lateral patellar edge for determination of tibial tubercle transfer distance in Fulkerson osteotomy procedures

Abstract Background Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is currently used at our institution to determine tibial tubercle medialization required in Fulkerson osteotomies. If the correlation between a modified lateral patellar edge (LPE) and the transfer distance was found to be stronger than its correlation with TT-TG, it would suggest that the best measurement to use is actually modified LPE. Methods The electronic medical records of 32 patients who underwent Fulkerson osteotomy procedures with femoral nerve stimulation were reviewed and measured. For each patient, modified LPE was measured on quadriceps active hyperextension MRI, and TT-TG was measured on passive extension MRI. Correlation between both TT-TG and LPE and tibial tubercle transfer distance was then determined and analysed. Results The correlation between TT-TG and actual intra-operative tibial tubercle transfer distance in Fulkerson osteotomy procedures with intra-operative femoral nerve stimulation was found to be weak at 0.436 (p Conclusions The correlation between modified LPE and actual intra-operative tibial tubercle transfer distance was stronger than the correlation between TT-TG and tibial tubercle transfer distance. This suggests that the modified LPE may actually be a better preoperative determinant than the currently-utilized TT-TG of the transfer distance required during Fulkerson osteotomy procedures. Level of evidence Level II, diagnostic study.
Chemically Engineered Nanoparticle-Protein Interface for Real-Time Cellular Oxidative Stress Monitoring

A co-engineered nanoparticle/protein peroxide detector is created. This system features a gold nanoparticle functionalized with a galactose headgroup (AuNP-Gal) that reacts covalently with a boronate-modified green fluorescent protein (PB-GFP). Boronate acid-saccharide complexation between PB-GFP and AuNP-Gal affords a highly stable assembly. This complex is disrupted by peroxide, allowing quantitative and selective monitoring of hydrogen peroxide production in real time.
Pain Control in the Critically Ill Patient

Abstract The interplay of pain, anxiety, and delirium makes the achievement of patient comfort in the critically ill challenging. Assessment of pain, anxiety, and delirium is hence central to the management of patient care in the critically ill. Such an assessment will help direct therapy appropriately and provide a more patient-centered treatment based on the underlying pathology. Importantly, the underlying pathophysiology in critically ill patients may limit therapeutic options for pain, anxiety, and delirium necessitating careful selection of treatment options.
The Context of French Politics

France has been one of the important countries in the world. Its culture, architecture, and cuisine have been much admired and copied; its language has served as the chief medium of diplomacy; and its political philosophies and institutional patterns have exerted influences far beyond the country’s borders. Until the end of World War II, France was the second-greatest colonial empire, with possessions in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and North and West Africa.
Concubines in Court: Marriage and Monogamy in Twentieth-Century China

This is the first extensive study of the changing connotations and legal consequences of concubinage from the late Qing period to the early years of Communist rule in China. Tran demonstrates how t...
The Use of Mineral Oil to Manage the Nondeflating Foley Catheter

AbstractThe Foley catheter provides for urinary drainage by a self-retaining inflatable balloon mechanism. The morbidity associated with its use is minimal. However, blockage of the balloon port occasionally occurs, making its removal difficult. We discuss the various strategies used for catheter removal and recommend the use of mineral oil as the first line of intervention because of its reliability, safety and cost-effectiveness.
Fingerprints of a Bosonic Symmetry-Protected Topological State in a Quantum Point Contact.

In this work, we study the transport through a quantum point contact for bosonic helical liquid that exists at the edge of a bilayer graphene under a strong magnetic field. We identify ``smoking gun'' transport signatures to distinguish a bosonic symmetry-protected topological (BSPT) state from a fermionic two-channel quantum spin Hall (QSH) state in this system. In particular, a novel charge-insulator--spin-conductor phase is found for the BSPT state, while either the charge-insulator--spin-insulator or the charge-conductor--spin-conductor phase is expected for the two-channel QSH state. Consequently, a simple transport measurement will reveal the fingerprint of bosonic topological physics in bilayer graphene systems.
Bilingualism yields language-specific plasticity in left hemisphere's circuitry for learning to read in young children

How does bilingual exposure impact children's neural circuitry for learning to read? Theories of bilingualism suggests that exposure to two languages may yield a functional and neuroanatomical adaptation to support the learning of two languages (Klein et al., 2014). To test the hypothesis that this neural adaptation may vary as a function of structural and orthographic characteristics of bilinguals' two languages, we compared Spanish-English and French-English bilingual children, and English monolingual children, using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy neuroimaging (fNIRS, ages 6-10, N =26). Spanish offers consistent sound-to-print correspondences ("phonologically transparent" or "shallow"); such correspondences are more opaque in French and even more opaque in English (which has both transparent and "phonologically opaque" or "deep" correspondences). Consistent with our hypothesis, both French- and Spanish-English bilinguals showed hyperactivation in left posterior temporal regions associated with direct sound-to-print phonological analyses and hypoactivation in left frontal regions associated with assembled phonology analyses. Spanish, but not French, bilinguals showed a similar effect when reading Irregular words. The findings inform theories of bilingual and cross-linguistic literacy acquisition by suggesting that structural characteristics of bilinguals' two languages and their orthographies have a significant impact on children's neuro-cognitive architecture for learning to read.
Cumulative Intracranial Tumor Volume and Number of Brain Metastasis as Predictors of Developing New Lesions After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastasis.

Objectives To identify risk factors associated with early distant radiographic progression in patients undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM). Methods Following Institutional Review Board approval, data of 1427 patients (4283 BM lesions) who were treated by SRS at the Cleveland Clinic for 2000–2012 were collected. Local tumor progression (LTP), distant tumor progression (DTP), and radiographic radiation necrosis (RN) were the primary endpoints. Patient, imaging, radiosurgery, and tumor variables and follow-up data were collected. Results The median number of targets was 2 (range, 1–17); 45% of the patients had a single lesion. DTP was observed in 10% at 3 months and 19% at 6 months. Patients with 5–10 target lesions for SRS were more likely to develop new lesions at both 3 and 6 months compared to those with 2–4 lesions (odds ratio [OR], 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.85 and OR, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.45–0.86 respectively; P 0.05). Younger age ( P 0.001), higher number of lesions (>1; P 0.001), cumulative intracranial tumor volume (CITV) P = 0.023), type of SRS (upfront and salvage vs. boost; P 0.001), and tumor pathology (radiosensitive; P 0.001), were independent predictors of early distant tumor progression following SRS. Conclusions The number of target lesions and low CITV are both independent predictors of early DTP following SRS for BM. Radiosensitive tumor histology, younger age (
Footstep planning for a six-legged in-pipe robot moving in spatially curved pipes

This paper presents a footstep planning algorithm for a six-legged in-pipe robot moving in spatially curved pipes. The algorithm allows us to generate sequences of points on the pipe's inner surface where the contact pads of the robot should come in contact with the surface. The algorithm uses mapping of the pipe onto a two-dimensional surface with a simpler geometry. The algorithm plans footstep sequences on that two-dimensional surface and then maps them back onto the pipe. It is shown that this procedure can be extended by implementing an obstacle avoidance algorithm formulated as a quadratic program.
Processing Synthetic Aperture Radar Data of Ocean Waves

The usual operation of a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) assumes that the sensor platform moves at a constant velocity along a straight line and that objects to be imaged are stationary. The relative motion between the sensor and the objects produces a systematic set of Doppler frequencies which varies as the objects pass through the radar beam. These Doppler histories are recorded and processed to produce the fine resolution radar image of the objects. Propagating ocean waves as well as surface currents are not stationary and consequently perturb the Doppler histories in the SAR data. These perturbations can be troublesome when imaging gravity waves because the wave images are dispersed and thus defocused in the azimuth (along-track) direction. This defocusing can be compensated in the processor by readjusting the azimuth focus by an amount proportional to approximately the phase velocity of the wave. The perturbations of the Doppler histories can also be useful since they contain information pertaining to wave height and surface currents. Radial (line of sight) motion of ocean waves imaged by a SAR also creates problems in processing. Radial motion causes both an abnormal curvature in the recorded signal histories as well as a shift in the average Doppler frequencies. This effect can be partially compensated in the SAR processing by rotation of the cylindrical lenses by an amount proportional to the radial velocity. Perturbations of the SAR Doppler histories can also be used as a diagnostic tool to aid in the study of the SAR imaging mechanism of ocean surfaces. Adaptive manipulation of Doppler histories can be performed relatively easily in the SAR optical processor and the resulting wave imagery examined.
Socially Appraising Justice: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

The impact and effectiveness of organizational justice efforts vary across cultures. Previous justice research has focused on such themes as outcome allocation, process criteria, allocation control, and decision justification largely from a Western point of view. This paper analyzes organizational justice perceptions from a cross-cultural perspective. More specifically, using the Hofstede cultural dimensions (individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, and power distance), key justice areas are examined. Further, predictions as to the general salience of key justice areas are offered relative to a national culture's overall organizational justice preferences and tendencies.
Taylor Polynomials, Sequences, and Series

This chapter explores Taylor polynomials, sequences, and series. If f has n + 1 continuous derivatives, then the Taylor polynomial P n ( x ) is the only nth-degree polynomial whose remainder term satisfies Taylor equations. If f has n + 1 continuous derivatives, there exists a positive number M n for all x in [ a , b ]. Here M n is an upper bound for the ( n + l)st derivative of f in the interval [ a , b ]. A sequence of real numbers is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers. The values taken by the function are called terms of the sequence. A sequence { a n } t has the limit L if for every ∈ > 0 there exists an integer N > 0 such that if n ≥ N , then | a n – L | . Intuitively, this definition states that a n → L if a n gets arbitrarily close to L as n increases without bound. The sequence { a n } has the limit ∞ if for every positive number M , there is an integer N > 0 such that if n > N , then a n > M .
Physicians and the sports doping epidemic.

Physician-assisted doping of athletes has transformed high-performance sport into a chronically overmedicated subculture and spread so-called hormonal rejuvenation to the general public.
# CSI Effect: How Media Impacts the Criminal Legal System

Media has a wide-reaching impact on the criminal legal system and isolating the effects would be impossible. Drawing from a select body of research, this chapter highlights some of the effects of media on the criminal legal system. The chapter examines the impact of media, and especially new media, on law enforcement, juries and trial outcomes, lawyers and judges, and corrections. Whether it is through individuals recording and posting videos of law-breaking behavior on social media or live tweeting trial proceedings, social media’s accessibility and interactive nature has the potential to significantly impact the functioning of the criminal legal system. Each section of the chapter draws from research examining how media shapes perceptions of the criminal legal system and exploring how media changes the functioning of the criminal legal system.
Sequencing of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma and Oligoastrocytoma

Introduction:Adjuvant management of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs) and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOAs) is guided by 2 seminal phase III trials, one of which utilized radiotherapy (RT) followed by chemotherapy (CT) (RT-CT), and the other in which CT was followed by RT (CT-RT). Both paradigms
Advances in Packaging of Poultry Meat Products

Food packaging is increasingly becoming important in enhancing the microbiological safety and quality of a food product. Poultry meat can be contaminated with a variety of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The common packaging systems used for poultry meat and products include tray and overwrap, modified atmosphere packaging, and vacuum packaging. In addition, various active packaging technologies such as antimicrobial packaging, oxygen scavengers, and carbon dioxide emitters are introduced to poultry packaging applications. Intelligent packaging concepts, including time-temperature, gas, and freshness indicators and sensors, have also been explored for possible commercialization in poultry packaging. Advances in food packaging technologies play a significant role in providing wholesome poultry products to consumers.
2283-PUB: Association between Higher Health-Related Quality of Life Physical Component Score Measured by SF-8 and Lower All-Cause Mortality Risk among Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was reportedly associated with mortality; however, these studies used questionnaires with relatively large number of items ranging from 20 to 30. We thus evaluated the prospective association between HRQoL measured by Short-Form (SF)-8, a short version of SF-36, in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal data of 3,269 individuals with diabetes were obtained from a large Japanese diabetes registry. To assess the independent correlation between the 10-point increment of SF-8 physical component summary score (PCS) or mental component summary score (MCS) and all-cause mortality, the Cox proportional hazards model was used with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c, types of diabetes therapy, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, history of diabetic retinopathy, symptomatic diabetic neuropathy, and past medical history (acute myocardial infarction, chronic stable angina, peripheral artery disease, leg ulceration, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke). The mean age, body mass index, and HbA1c level were 64.9 years (SD 11.2), 24.6 kg/m2 (SD 3.9), and 7.5% (SD 1.2) [or 58.6 mmol/mol (SD 12.7)], respectively. We recorded 248 deaths during the median follow-up of 6.1 years (incidence ratio = 14.0/1,000 person-years). We observed significant association of PSC score and all-cause mortality, and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.775 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.668-0.899; p = 0.001] per 10-point increment of PCS score. We did not observe significant association between MCS score and all-cause mortality [HR = 0.864 (95% CI, 727-1.027; p = 0.097)]. In conclusion, higher PCS of SF-8, not MCS, was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes. SF-8 could be useful for predicting mortality in individuals with diabetes. Disclosure Y. Hayashino: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. S. Okamura: None. H. Ishii: None. Funding Manpei Suzuki Diabetes Foundation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25460641)
Difference between transition metal cation substitution and Nonstoichiometric addition on nanostructure and thermoelectric performance of complex oxide ceramics

Abstract This work presents the impact of different methodologies in introducing the transition metal dopants into the thermoelectric Ca3Co4O9 ceramics and their resultant nanostructure and electrical transport properties. The polycrystalline ceramics samples are with designed nominal composition of cation substitution of Ca3Co4-xCuxO9 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1) and cation non-stoichiometric addition of Ca3Co4CuyO9 (y = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1), respectively. At low-temperature regime, the electrical resistivity decreased to the lowest values for each set of samples, upon the minute Cu doping with x = 0.01, and the electrical resistivity increase with Cu doping level. The Seebeck coefficient presents little change among Ca3Co4-xCuxO9 samples. By contrast, the Seebeck coefficient was significantly increased especially in the low-temperature regime in samples of Ca3CuyCo4O9, when the Cu addition level is over y = 0.05. While the grain size and crystal texture status are almost unchanged among Ca3Co4-xCuxO9 samples, non-stoichiometric Cu addition substantially triggered the grain growth, and essentially change the misfit relationship between the Ca2CoO3 and CoO2 layers within the unit cell. The present study demonstrates a novel approach for hierarchically modifying the structure of complex oxide ceramics to tune their thermoelectric properties through cation non-stoichiometric addition.
Blue Design for Urban Resilience in Drylands: The Case of Qatar

Gulf cities are generally characterized by hot, arid climates and extremely rapid developments with resulting demographic increases and accompanying environmental degradation. Until now, resources, technology, and capital have allowed expansion without limits—into the ocean with landfills and artificial islands, into the sky with tall buildings, and into the desert with Zero Energy Cities (Grichting, Int J Middle East Stud, 50(3), 580–585, 2018) With an economy largely focused on non-renewable energy sources, many of these Gulf countries are now looking to develop new postcarbon identities and to improve the sustainability and livability of their cities (Grichting, Int J Middle East Stud, 50(3), 580–585, 2018). Climate change and extreme weather conditions are also affecting the region, with more frequent and intense flooding (Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/raining-qatar-season-181112125930905.html. Accessed 17 Dec 2018). In October 2018, Qatar experienced unprecedented Flash Floods and the capital city of Doha received 84 mm of rain (Floodlist, http://floodlist.com/asia/qatar-floods-october-2018. Accessed 17 Dec 2018, 2018) the equivalent of the average rainfall of Qatar for one whole year. Buildings, roads, tunnels and coastal areas were severely flooded. In 1990, Qatar’s only sources of water were groundwater abstraction (65%) and desalinated seawater (35%) (MDPS Ministry of Development, Planning and Statistics, Water statistics in the State of Qatar 2015. https://www.mdps.gov.qa/en/statistics/Statistical%20Releases/Environmental/Water/2015/Water-Statistics-2015-En.pdf, 2017). Treated wastewater for agriculture and green spaces irrigation purposes (5%) came into use in 2004, and increased to 11% in 2014 (MDPS Ministry of Development, Planning and Statistics, Water statistics in the State of Qatar 2015. https://www.mdps.gov.qa/en/statistics/Statistical%20Releases/Environmental/Water/2015/Water-Statistics-2015-En.pdf, 2017). Today, municipal potable water is obtained 99% from desalination and 1% from groundwater (Government of Qatar Web Portal, http://portal.www.gov.qa/wps/portal/topics/Environment+and+Agriculture/wateranddesalination. Accessed 13 Oct 2018, undated)). At the same time, the waters of the Gulf are becoming increasingly polluted due to desalination, over-fishing and pollution from hydro-carbon industries and shipping. Researchers believe that the Gulf marine environment has already surpassed its buffering capacity, with very poor circulation of water and extreme pollution (Nadim et al., Ocean Coast Manag 51:556–65, 2008). In the face of climate change, rising sea levels, food, water, energy insecurity, and loss of biodiversity - citizens, communities, and nations must work on common visions to address these future challenges by working with, and not against nature.
Jihad in Islamic Law

Considering the rapid expansion of the Muslim empire during the reigns of Muhammad's political successors, the caliphs, it should come as no surprise that medieval scholars would have much to say on the topic of armed jihad. And these discussions were by no means monolithic: much like the Jewish rabbis, Muslim scholars developed a rich legal tradition marked by considerable diversity. We shall now turn our attention to the medieval and modern Islamic legal discourse on jihad. What follows is not intended to be an exhaustive account of Muslim scholars’ shared and conflicting rules of armed jihad but rather a survey of the principles most relevant to the subject of the present book. Accordingly, as both al-Qaeda and ISIS represent radical Sunni organizations, our focus here will be Sunni (as opposed to Shi'ite) Islamic law. JUSTIFYING JIHAD Medieval scholars delineated two major forms of armed jihad, one defensive, the other aggressive: Defensive jihad was an armed struggle against an invading force. All able-bodied Muslims – male and female, young and old – were generally required to partake in this form of jihad in some way, for their community's survival was at stake. Aggressive jihad was a highly regulated preemptive or offensive attack commissioned by a recognized political authority, such as a caliph. According to most scholars, this form of jihad was a collective requirement, incumbent not on each individual but on a Muslim community in general. Each year, a community's army of men was expected to set out from the “abode of Islam” to attack a neighboring people's army in the “abode of war,” a non-Muslim-controlled country with which there was no truce. Although Muslim scholars conceptualized aggressive jihad as a means of promulgating Islam (typically through influence and incentives, not mandatory conversion), there was nonetheless a widespread belief that such a jihad was necessary to protect and preserve Muslim communities. Thus, while various scholars saw the unbelief of neighboring non-Muslims as sufficient grounds for declaring war on them, a popular view was that even aggressive jihad was ultimately defensive in nature. The assumed “state of war” in Arabia was not unlike the state of affairs throughout much of the premodern world: a premodern country, having no fixed territorial borders, was often as safe as it was aggressive.
Self-Medication -and Substance Use: A Test of the Hypothesis

This study examines substance use as self-medication for emotional and physical problems. While there is evidence for and against the self-medication hypothesis, on balance, there is more support f...
Enhanced Online Q-Learning Scheme for Resource Allocation with Maximum Utility and Fairness in Edge-IoT Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing an explosion in the data traffic due to the increase in the number of heterogeneous applications. The existing cloud computing models will not be capable to support the IoT applications that are delay-sensitive and using high bandwidth. The Edge-IoT systems represented by shared edge clouds support a wide range of IoT applications. Edge clouds provide resources closer to the IoT devices to tackle the delay sensitivity and bandwidth issues. However, the allocation of these resources with guaranteed application's utility in the context of Edge-IoT with multiple heterogeneous IoT applications, various resource demands, and limited resource availability is challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel enhanced online Q-learning scheme to allocate resources from edge clouds to IoT applications to maximize their utility and maintain allocation fairness among them. The developed online Q-learning scheme approximates its Q-value to tackle the problem of large state space, reduce the required learning computation, and expedite the system convergence. It is implemented using two settings: centralized using a dedicated controller at the edge cloud and distributed where edge servers learn cooperatively to achieve a common goal of finding joint resource allocation policy that maximizes the IoT applications’ utilities. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the capability of the proposed scheme in improving applications’ utilities and allocation fairness.
Ties to influential adults among black and white adolescents: culture, social class, and family networks.

Although prior research suggests the importance of nonparental adults to adolescents, the ecological context of those relationships has received little attention. This study examined ties to influential adults among 122 adolescents who varied by race, family structure, and gender. The strongest effects were for race. Blacks reported stronger ties than Whites to the maternal grandmother as well as more supportive interactions with adult males. While race differences in grandparental ties were robust across social class (SES), ties to an influential adult male became nonsignificant upon controlling for SES. African American girls from divorced families consistently reported the strongest ties. Discussion considers the role of culture versus SES in explaining race differences. Implications for mentoring interventions are proposed, with special attention to the role of actualizing latent ties to already existing network members.
Testing methods and statistical models of genomic prediction for quantitative disease resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] germplasm collections

Genomic prediction of quantitative resistance toward Phytophthora sojae indicated that genomic selection may increase breeding efficiency. Statistical model and marker set had minimal effect on genomic prediction with > 1000 markers. Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) toward Phytophthora sojae in soybean is a complex trait controlled by many small-effect loci throughout the genome. Along with the technical and rate-limiting challenges of phenotyping resistance to a root pathogen, the trait complexity can limit breeding efficiency. However, the application of genomic prediction to traits with complex genetic architecture, such as QDR toward P. sojae, is likely to improve breeding efficiency. We provide a novel example of genomic prediction by measuring QDR to P. sojae in two diverse panels of more than 450 plant introductions (PIs) that had previously been genotyped with the SoySNP50K chip. This research was completed in a collection of diverse germplasm and contributes to both an initial assessment of genomic prediction performance and characterization of the soybean germplasm collection. We tested six statistical models used for genomic prediction including Bayesian Ridge Regression; Bayesian LASSO; Bayes A, B, C; and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We also tested how the number and distribution of SNPs included in genomic prediction altered predictive ability by varying the number of markers from less than 50 to more than 34,000 SNPs, including SNPs based on sequential sampling, random sampling, or selections from association analyses. Predictive ability was relatively independent of statistical model and marker distribution, with a diminishing return when more than 1000 SNPs were included in genomic prediction. This work estimated relative efficiency per breeding cycle between 0.57 and 0.83, which may improve the genetic gain for P. sojae QDR in soybean breeding programs.
Inviting Interdisciplinary Alliances Around Inclusive Educational Reform: Introduction to the Special Issue on Disability Studies in Education

In March 2008, we, the guest editors of this special issue, served as cochairs to the Eighth Annual Second City Conference on Disability Studies in Education hosted by Teachers College, Columbia Un...
Thermodynamic Consistent Neural Networks for Learning Material Interfacial Mechanics.

For multilayer materials in thin substrate systems, interfacial failure is one of the most challenges. The traction-separation relations (TSR) quantitatively describe the mechanical behavior of a material interface undergoing openings, which is critical to understand and predict interfacial failures under complex loadings. However, existing theoretical models have limitations on enough complexity and flexibility to well learn the real-world TSR from experimental observations. A neural network can fit well along with the loading paths but often fails to obey the laws of physics, due to a lack of experimental data and understanding of the hidden physical mechanism. In this paper, we propose a thermodynamic consistent neural network (TCNN) approach to build a data-driven model of the TSR with sparse experimental data. The TCNN leverages recent advances in physics-informed neural networks (PINN) that encode prior physical information into the loss function and efficiently train the neural networks using automatic differentiation. We investigate three thermodynamic consistent principles, i.e., positive energy dissipation, steepest energy dissipation gradient, and energy conservative loading path. All of them are mathematically formulated and embedded into a neural network model with a novel defined loss function. A real-world experiment demonstrates the superior performance of TCNN, and we find that TCNN provides an accurate prediction of the whole TSR surface and significantly reduces the violated prediction against the laws of physics.
The Montale Siblings and the Great War

Giuseppe Gazzola’s focus on the Montale siblings offers a unique examination of the military experience of the famous poet Eugenio Montale and his three brothers. As Gazzola notes, all four took part in the military operations against the Austrian army on the eastern Alpine sector in the period 1915–1919. Their sister Marianna, in her correspondence with pen friends from different cities, left a remarkable account of this family saga, which becomes even more interesting when we consider that the writer in the family, Eugenio, used to be extremely reticent about his participation in the First World War. In this chapter, Gazzola draws attention to the role of Marianna in recording the story of her family, and reconstructs the war experience of Eugenio Montale and his brothers according to available documents.
Treatment of Aggression in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review.

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by markedly impaired social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. In addition to challenges caused by core symptoms, maladaptive behaviors such as aggression can be associated with ASD and can further disrupt functioning and quality of life. For adults with ASD, these behaviors can portend adverse outcomes (e.g., harm to others or to the individual with ASD, hindering of employment opportunities, criminal justice system involvement). This article reviews the scientific literature to provide an update on evidence-based interventions for aggression in adults with ASD. Method A search of the electronic databases CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO was conducted using relevant search terms. After reviewing titles, abstracts, full-length articles, and reference lists, 70 articles were identified and reviewed. Results The strongest (controlled trial) evidence suggests beneficial effects of risperidone, propranolol, fluvoxamine, vigorous aerobic exercise, and dextromethorphan/quinidine for treating aggression in adults with ASD, with lower levels of evidence supporting behavioral interventions, multisensory environments, yokukansan, and other treatments. Conclusions Additional randomized, controlled trials using consistent methodology that adequately addresses sources of bias are needed to determine which treatments are reliably effective in addressing aggression in adults with ASD. In the meantime, considering efficacy and adverse effect/long-term risk profiles, a practical approach could start with functional assessment-informed behavioral interventions along with encouragement of regular, vigorous aerobic exercise to target aggression in adults with ASD, with pharmacotherapy employed if these interventions are unavailable or inadequate based on symptom acuity.
Financial Counseling Is Associated with Reduced Financial Difficulty Scores in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Radiation Therapy.

Background: Financial toxicity (FT) can be devastating to cancer patients, and solutions are urgently needed. We investigated the impact of financial counseling (FC) on FT in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Methods: Via a single-institution database, we reviewed the charts of HNC patients who underwent definitive or post-operative radiotherapy, from October 2013 to December 2020. Of these patients, 387 had provided baseline and post-treatment information regarding financial difficulty. In July 2018, a dedicated financial counselor was provided for radiation therapy patients and we subsequently examined the impact of FC on financial difficulty scores. Results: Following the hiring of a dedicated financial counselor, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients receiving FC (5.3% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.0001). Compared with baseline scores, patients who did not undergo FC had a significant increase in reported financial difficulty at the end of treatment (p = 0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in pre- and post-treatment scores in patients who had received FC (p = 0.588). After adjusting for gender and nodal status with a multiple linear regression model, FC was significantly associated with change in financial difficulty (β = −0.204 ± 0.096, p = 0.035). On average, patients who received FC had a 0.2 units lower change in financial difficulty score as compared with those with the same gender and nodal stage but without FC. Conclusions: Providing a dedicated financial counselor significantly increased the proportion of HNC receiving FC, resulting in the stabilization of financial difficulty scores post-treatment. Based on a multiple linear regression model, FC was independently associated with reduced financial difficulty. The employment of a financial counselor may be a viable, hospital-based approach to begin to address FT in HNC.
R-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels mediate A-type K+ current regulation of synaptic input in hippocampal dendrites

SUMMARY The transient K+ current (IA) carried by pore forming Kv4.2 subunits regulates the propagation of synaptic input, dendritic excitability, and synaptic plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites of the hippocampus. We report that the Ca2+ channel subunit Cav2.3 regulates IA in this cell type. We first identified Cav2.3 as a Kv4.2 interacting protein in a proteomic screen and we confirmed Cav2.3-Kv4.2 complex association using multiple techniques. Functionally, Cav2.3 Ca2+-entry increases Kv4.2-mediated whole-cell current due to an increase in Kv4.2 surface expression. Using pharmacology and Cav2.3 knockout mice, Cav2.3 was found to promote whole-cell IA and the increasing gradient of IA in the apical dendrite distal to the neuronal soma. Furthermore, the loss of Cav2.3 function leads to enhancement of synaptic currents and spine Ca2+ influx. These results present Cav2.3 and Kv4.2 as integral constituents of an ion channel complex that impacts synaptic function in the hippocampus.
Unilateral diaphragmatic paresis following supracostal post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Unilateral acquired diaphragmatic paresis is a known complication of thoracic surgeries. Direct mechanical injury to the phrenic nerve during surgery results in this complication. However its occurrence post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has not been described. We report a 43-year-old man who underwent prone PCNL for endourological management of left complete staghorn calculus. Access via the 10th left intercostal space, under fluoroscopy, was carried out to remove the calculus. Post-operative, the routine chest radiograph revealed left hemidiaphragmatic blunting. Computerized tomography of the chest confirmed left hemidiaphragmatic elevation, suggesting unilateral diaphragmatic paresis. He did not have any respiratory symptoms, was managed conservatively with chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry and responded extremely well. The absence of reported cases of diaphragmatic paresis post PCNL lends to a dearth in knowledge regarding recognition and management. This case report aims to acquaint urologists with this rare complication associated with supracostal PCNL and provide a rational management plan.
Canine Peyer's patches: macroscopic, light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic and immunohistochemical investigations.

In 1928, Carlens reported on his detailed investigations of the morphology and ontogeny of lymphoid tissue in the intestinal tract of large domestic animals (1). He observed that the morphology and development of the ileal Peyer’s patch (PP) was different from the PP in the rest of the small intestine. Recent studies in sheep (2), cattle (3) and swine (4) have confirmed and expanded Carlens’ observations. The ileal PP has been shown to be functionally different from the jejunal PP and may represent the bursa-equivalent in sheep and cattle (3,5). In contrast, morphologic studies in mice (6), rats (7) and humans (8) do not indicate the existence of these regional differences of PP.
Jasper Cragwall, Lake Methodism: Polite Literature and Popular Religion in England, 1780-1830

Review by Colin Jager (Rutgers University) of Jasper Cragwall, Lake Methodism: Polite Literature and Popular Religion in England, 1780-1830 . Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2013. Pp. 251. $69.95. ISBN 9780814212271.
Plasma protein sulfhydryl oxidation: effect of low molecular weight thiols.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the plasma protein sulfhydryl oxidation and discusses oxidative modification of sulfhydryl groups, particularly extracellular fluids, under various environmental oxidative stresses, including ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), cigarette smoke, and aldehydes contained in cigarette smoke. The ability of protein thiols to form mixed disulfides with low-molecular-weight thiols (especially GSH)—which is a reversible process—has hindered the evaluation of protective effects of thiols on proteins in situations of oxidative stress. Although the formation of mixed disulfides is often regarded as an indicator of oxidative damage to proteins because it is assayed in terms of –SH loss or loss of enzyme activity, this process may serve as a protective mechanism, preventing thiols from being oxidized irreversibly. The formation of mixed disulfides under situations of oxidative stress may, however, involve intermediate formation of thiyl radicals, which could induce radical damage to other locations in proteins. The chapter discusses possible protection against the modification of protein sulfhydryls by aerosol administration of low-molecular-weight thiols [such as GSH, cysteine, or dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)].
Transverse Traveling-Wave Patterns and Instabilities in Lasers

Complex pattern formation or destruction is commonly observed in spatially extended, continuous, dissipative systems, such as convection in ordinary and binary mixture fluids and in liquid crystals, Taylor-Coullet flow, chemical reaction, and directional solidification, etc. [NPL]. Rayleigh-Benard convection has been a canonical system in developing and testing ideas for understanding patterns and transitions [NPL]. Lasers provide another physically and mathematically convenient system for studying space-time complexity, such as pattern selection and spatio-temporal chaos, widely observed in hydrodynamic systems. In this article, we will illustrate, using the two-level and Raman single, longitudinal-mode lasers as prototype systems, the rich variety of pattern-forming instability mechanisms that may appear in wide-aperture lasers.
Direct detection at last

Astronomers have previously inferred the existence of giant extrasolar planets from the wobble they generate in their parent star. Now, the shadow caused by a planet passing in front of its star, and the probable detection of reflected light from a planet orbiting a very bright star, provide direct evidence for their existence. Such studies offer a way to probe the chemical composition and atmospheres of extrasolar planets.
Surface and Deep Anaphora, Sloppy Identity, and Experiments in Syntax

If "the aim of science is, on the one hand, a comprehension, as complete as possible, of the connection between the sense experiences in their totality, and, on the other hand, the accomplishment of this aim by the use of a minimum of primary concepts and relations," as Einstein (1936, p. 293) puts it, and if generative grammar is that part of science whose aim consists in part of a comprehension of the connection between the sense experiences as reflections of the language faculty, it follows that one of the tasks in generative grammar is to identify what the relevant sense experiences are. Since our sense experiences, such as introspective judgments about a given sentence in a given language in a given context, are no doubt reflections of more than the language faculty proper, such a task necessarily involves hypotheses about the nature of the relevant sense experiences. The postulation, evaluation and modification of such hypotheses have in fact constituted a major portion of the studies in generative grammar. I understand that the goal of generative grammar is to discover the properties of the human mind that are ascribable to the language faculty, and only to the language faculty. This is obviously based on the familiar assumption—the working hypothesis in generative grammar—that the language faculty is self-contained and is not affected by factors outside it. This of course is not to deny that factors outside the language faculty may affect our sense experiences. Given a certain sense experience, we do not know a priori what aspects of it are due to the language faculty and what others are due to factors outside it. The present study is an attempt to illustrate how one might proceed to tease them apart, using ellipsis and other related phenomena in Japanese and English as examples. Natural language possesses means of expressing certain ideas without utilizing fully articulated linguistic expressions. VP ellipsis (VPE) and do it in English are two such examples. (1) and (2) are taken from Hankamer & Sag 1976:392.
The electrogenicity of the rat sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 requires interactions among transmembrane segments of the transporter.

The electrogenic Na+–HCO3− cotransporter (NBCe1) plays a central role in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation as well as HCO3− secretion by pancreatic ducts and HCO3− reabsorption by renal proximal tubules. To understand the structural requirements for the electrogenicity of NBCe1, we constructed chimeras of NBCe1-A and the electroneutral NBCn1-B, and used two-electrode voltage clamp to measure electrogenic transporter current in Xenopus oocytes exposed to 5% CO2–26 mm HCO3−(pH 7.40). The chimera consisting of NBCe1-A (i.e. NBCe1-A ‘background’) with the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain (Nt) of NBCn1-B had a reversal potential of −156.3 mV (compared with a membrane potential Vm of −43.1 mV in a HCO3−-free solution) and a slope conductance of 3.0 μS (compared with 12.5 μS for NBCe1-A). Also electrogenic were chimeras with an NBCe1-A background but with NBCn1-B contributing the extracellular loop (L) between transmembrane segment (TM) 5 and 6 (−140.9 mV/11.1 μS), the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (Ct; −123.8 mV/9.7 μS) or Nt + L + Ct (−120.9 mV/3.7 μS). Reciprocal chimeras (with an NBCn1 background but with NBCe1 contributing Nt, L, Ct or Nt + L + Ct) produced no measurable electrogenic transporter currents in the presence of CO2–HCO3−. pHi recovered from an acid load, but without the negative shift of Vm that is characteristic of electrogenic Na+–HCO3− cotransporters. Thus, these chimeras were electroneutral, as were two others consisting of NBCe1(Nt–L)/NBCn1(TM6–Ct) and NBCn1(Nt–L)/NBCe1(TM6–Ct). We propose that the electrogenicity of NBCe1 requires interactions between TM1–5 and TM6–13.
Interactive distance education: Improvisation helps bridge the gap

In this paper, distance learning through the use of interactive duplex video and audio will be described. The major advantage of this technology is the ability to provide live, face-to-face educational access to distant or isolated students. Yet faculty are concerned about the interrelationships between the instructor and the student and among students in the distance education environment. Improvisation techniques force active participation by the students and can be used to bridge the distance.