cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selection and immunochemical analysis of lipooligosaccharide mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The identification of enterobacterial mutants that contain alterations in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) oligosaccharide core structure facilitated the development of the model of the physicochemical and immunochemical structures of enteric LPS. Results of recent immunochemical studies have suggested that the structural model of the lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae may differ from the enteric LPS model. The difficulties in the analysis of the wild-type gonococcal LOS have precluded understanding of the precise nature of the LOS structure. This study was undertaken to isolate a series of mutants of N. gonorrhoeae 1291 that had sequential saccharide deletions in the LOS. Results of preliminary studies suggested that the pyocin, designated pyocin C, allowed selection of gonococci with such mutant LOS structures. Results also indicated that the receptor for pyocin C binding was an LOS component. Pyocin C selection led to the isolation of five strains with LOS patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels which differed from the LOS of parent strain 1291. In this system, the Mr of the parent LOS was 4,715, while the LOSs from the mutant strains demonstrated progressive saccharide deletions, with Mrs of 4,230, 4,089, 3,627, 3,262, and 3,197. Protein patterns of these mutants on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels were qualitatively similar to those of the parent strains. Results of studies with five monoclonal antibodies specific for neisserial LOS indicated that shared as well as unique epitopes were present on the mutant LOSs. Results of ketodeoxyoctonate analysis of the mutant LOSs indicated that the majority of the ketodeoxyoctonate residues may be substituted on C-4 or C-5. Chemical and immunological analysis of such LOS mutants should expedite the development of the model for the structure of gonococcal LOS. Images
Adult male house mice born to undernourished mothers are unattractive to oestrous females

In some mammal species, females in poor condition (e.g. poor nutritional state) give birth to a lower proportion of sons than do females in good condition. These skewed offspring sex ratios may be adaptive, because poor maternal condition can have a strong negative impact on the success of sons at intra-sexual competition. However, there is little information about the impact of maternal condition on the success of sons at being chosen as mates. Female house mice, Mus musculus, that are undernourished during gestation give birth to a lower proportion of sons, and those sons are smaller as adults than of well-nourished females. The preferences of oestrous females for the odours of adult sons of females that were well nourished and of those that were undernourished during gestation were tested, as well as the preferences of females for the odours of heavy and light males. Oestrous females preferred the odours of sons of well-nourished females and of heavier males. Hence, the sons of undernourished females may not be chosen as mates as often and may have lower reproductive potential than the sons of well-nourished females. These results and other evidence suggest that the skewed secondary sex ratios of undernourished female mice are adaptive.
Ureteral obstruction of solitary kidneys by iliac artery aneurysms.

Abstract Two patients with solitary kidneys had ureteral obstruction caused by iliac artery aneurysms. Both patients were treated successfully with ureterolysis and temporary proximal diversion. Iliac artery aneurysms generally remain asymptomatic; however, patients may have urologic complaints (such as hematuria, flank pain, anuria, or a pulsatile urinary stream), and severe complications may develop as a result of an obstructive uropathy. Diagnosis is confirmed by cystoscopy when a mass is present, intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, and arteriography. Treatment must be individualized with consideration of the etiology of the aneurysm, and condition of the patient. Surgical correction of the aneurysm may be appropriate. Ureterolysis, with proximal diversion as a temporary safety valve, is a useful procedure particularly when the patient has a solitary kidney.
Regimes of conformational transitions of a diblock polyampholyte

The conformational properties of symmetric flexible diblock polyampholytes are investigated by scaling theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The electrostatically driven coil-globule transition of a symmetric diblock polyampholyte is found to consist of three regimes identified with increasing electrostatic interaction strength. In the first (folding) regime the electrostatic attraction causes the chain to fold through the overlap of the two blocks, while each block is slightly stretched by self-repulsion. The second (weak association or scrambled egg) regime is the classical collapse of the chain into a globule dominated by the fluctuation-induced attractions between oppositely charged sections of the chain. The structure of the formed globule can be represented as a dense packing of the charged chain sections (electrostatic attraction blobs). The third (strong association or ion binding) regime starts with direct binding of oppositely charged monomers (dipole formation), followed by a cascade of multipole formation (quadrupole, hexapole, octupole, etc.), leading to multiplets analogous to those found in ionomers. The existence of the multiplet cascade has also been confirmed in the simulations of solutions of short polymers with only one single charge (either positive or negative) in the middle of each chain. We use scaling theory to estimate the average chain size and the electrostatic correlation length as functions of the chain length, strength of electrostatic interactions, charge fraction, and solvent quality. The theoretically predicted scaling laws of these conformational properties are in very good agreement with our simulation results.
Fecal incontinence: a review of prevalence and obstetric risk factors.

Anal incontinence (AI) is a significant problem that causes social and hygienic inconvenience. The true prevalence of AI is difficult to estimate due to inconsistencies in research methods, but larger studies suggest a rate of 2–6% for incontinence to stool. There is a significant association between sonographically detected anal sphincter defects and symptoms of AI. The intrapartum factors most consistently associated with a higher risk of AI include: forceps delivery, third or fourth degree tears, and length of the second stage of labor. Fetal weight of > 4,000 g is also associated with AI. Repair of the sphincter can be performed in either an overlapping or an end-to-end fashion, with similar results for both methods. The role of cesarean delivery for the prevention of AI remains unclear, and further study should be devoted to this question.
A Phase I Pilot Study of BCNU plus Thymidine in Patients with Refractory Cancer

Thymidine (dThd) has been shown to increase the activity of BCNU in mice, possibly due to its ability to inhibit poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PADPRP), an enzyme thought to be active in DNA repair. The present phase I study characterized the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of dThd combined with BCNU. Sixty patients with refractory malignancies were infused with escalating doses of dThd from 7.5g/m2/day to 105.5 g/m2/day for 48 hr, along with 100 mg/m2/day of BCNU for 2 doses. Further dose escalation of dThd was limited by large fluid volumes required; therefore, the BCNU dose was escalated to a maximum of 160 mg/m2/day for 2 days. Plasma dThd concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. At doses above 37.5 g/m /day, steady-state concentrations of dThd approached or exceeded 1 mM, a concentration that nearly completely abolished BCNU-induced PADPRP activity in preclinical studies. Myelosuppression was consistent with BCNU dose but was not apparently increased by the coadministra...
Incentives: The effects on the reading motivation of fourth‐grade students

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various incentives on the reading motivation of fourth‐grade students. The students involved in the study attended an elementary school in a mid‐size town in the South. Results were based on the participation of 28 students in the control group who received no incentives, 27 students in the treatment group who received books as incentives, and 36 students in the treatment group who received non‐reading related rewards as incentives. Each student's level of reading motivation was measured at the beginning and end of the study using the Reading Survey portion of the Motivation to Read Profile (Gambrell, Palmer, Codling, & Mazzoni, 1996), which was completed by each student, and the Parent Survey, which was completed by the guardian of each student participating in the study. Book logs were also used in the study to measure the students’ motivation to read based on the number of books read. The findings of the study indicated that there were ...
Interceptive periodontics with electrosurgery

Abstract The limitations of periodontal prostheses were discussed and the need for expanded interceptive periodontal procedures were identified. Electron microscope pictures of interproximal tissue removed with a fully rectified electrosurgical instrument have shown the initial incision to be noninjurious at the cell level. The healing of tissue after a seven-day period failed to show any difference between the usual knife cut and electrosurgically treated tissue. Conservative removal of traumatized interproximal fibrotic tissue is recommended. This can be effectively accomplished by the use of an electrosurgical instrument after the tooth is prepared and before making the impressions.
Yield model for 256K RAMs and beyond

An updated yield model based on visual inspection, electrical tests, bit failure maps and failure analysis will be reported. The approach has been verified for the manufacture of 64K memories. It includes yield calculations for partially good product and redundancy and provides yield estimates for 128K and 256K chips.
Tracheal neurilemmoma : case report and review of the literature

We report a rare case of an intratracheal neurilemmoma which presented as advanced upper airway obstruction. The tumor was successfully excised by laryngofissure. A review of the world literature is provided.
Dietary β-carotene protects lung and liver parenchyma of rats treated with monocrotaline

Some studies have indicated that the injury induced by the hepato- and pneumotoxin monocrotaline (MCT) is in part mediated by oxidation. Because beta-carotene is a potent antioxidant, we hypothesized that it would protect the lung and liver parenchyma against MCT-induced injury. Twenty rats were assigned randomly to four groups. All rats were fed a standard AIN93G diet with or without beta-carotene. After 1 week on the purified diets, half of the rats fed the control (standard) diet and half of the rats fed the beta-carotene-supplemented diet were injected subcutaneously with 60 mg MCT/kg body weight or its vehicle (water). All rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks. Histological examination showed that beta-carotene alone did not affect lung or liver structure. On the other hand, lungs of MCT-treated rats had severe focal pneumonia, extensive deposition of collagen in the septa, marked inflammation of the small arteries and arterioles, and arterialization of the small venules. Livers of MCT-treated rats showed some fatty infiltration and diffuse hemorrhages, more prominent sometimes in the centrilobular area and sometimes in the periportal region. Concomitant treatment with beta-carotene protected the lung parenchyma from the inflammatory reaction and the septal fibrosis, but did not prevent cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy and only slightly reduced the thickening of the wall of small arteries and arterioles. Incidence of steatosis and hemorrhages was decreased in the liver. These results indicate that MCT-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling occurs in the absence of inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, beta-carotene prevented inflammation and protected the lung and liver parenchyma of MCT-treated rats.
Double vs single balloon technique for aortic balloon valvuloplasty.

Percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty using a single dilating balloon has been associated with significant but modest reduction in transvalvular pressure gradient and increase in valve area. The balloon diameter is usually 20 mm or smaller to avoid disruption of aortic root structure and to permit forward blood flow during inflation. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of valvuloplasty using a combination of balloons with larger maximum inflated diameters, we compared results of aortic valvuloplasty in 21 patients using either the single or double balloon technique. Mean maximum inflated balloon diameter was 19.4 mm ± 1.4 for the single balloon technique, while the mean sum of diameters for the simultaneous double balloon technique was 36.3 mm ± 3.9. The mean age, aortic annulus diameter, and predilatation aortic valve area were not different among groups. Mean aortic transvalvular gradient reduction and mean aortic valve area increase were greater for the double balloon technique. The procedure was well tolerated with no major complications. No change in the degree of aortic regurgitation was noted. The double balloon technique for aortic valvuloplasty is safe and more effective at improving aortic valve area and transvalvular gradient than the conventional single balloon technique.
Unique immunological cross-reactivity between fragments D and/or E of three heterologous mammalian fibrinogens.

Abstract Using rabbit antisera directed against human, canine and bovine fibrinogen respectively, the antigenic relationships between human, canine and bovine fibrinogens and their D and E fragments were examined. Most of the cross-reaction between human and canine fibrinogens appears to occur through Fragment E. With respect to the antigenic relationship of human and bovine fibrinogens, the composition of cross-reacting antibodies which react through D and/or E may vary in different antisera. In addition, the human cross-reaction with bovine fibrinogen which involves fewer antigenic determinants than human and canine fibrinogens may also encompass relatively loosely folded polypeptide chains between the D and E cores.
Synthesis and structural studies of tris-2-chlorobenzylamine and tris-2-bromobenzylamine

The tris-2-chloro and 2-bromotribenzylamines are prepared from aqueous ammonia and 2-chlorobenzyl chloride and 2-bromobenzyl bromide, respectively, in ethanol. Recrystallization yielded colorless cubes of each product. The crystal structures are each solved in space group P $$\bar 1$$ , and are isostructural. The tris-2-chloro compound, 1, has a = 7.4226(5) A, b = 9.0825(7) A, c = 14.529(1) A, α = 78.279(1)∘, β = 82.389(1)∘, γ = 84.661(1)∘, and V = 948.41(12) A3 with Z = 2, and d calc = 1.368 Mg/m3. The tris-2-bromo analog, 2, has a = 7.6569(11) A, b = 9.0922(13) A, c = 14.614(2) A, α = 79.286(2)∘, β = 81.777(2)∘, γ = 85.401(2)∘, and V = 987.9(2) A3 with Z = 2, and d calc = 1.762 Mg/m3. Lithium–halogen exchange experiments conducted in tetrahydrofuran at −78∘C using n-butyl lithium revealed that no exchange occurred for the tris-2-chloro compound, but did occur for the tris-2-bromo analog to yield tribenzylamine upon quench and work-up.
Direct visualization of shear waves in viscoelastic fluid using microspheres.

Wormlike micellar fluids, being viscoelastic, support shear waves. Shear waves in 500 mM CTAB-NaSal micellar fluid were visualized by seeding the fluid with 212–250 μm diameter polyethylene microspheres. This method was compared to visualization through birefringence induced by shear stress in the fluid. Measured shear wave speeds were 733 and 722 mm/s, respectively, for each technique. Particle displacement was a sinusoidal function of time and displacement amplitude decreased quadratically with distance from the source. This supports the possibility of using particle amplitude measurements as a measure of attenuation even at low fluid concentration where birefringence visualization techniques fail.
Efficient scrub mechanisms for error-prone emerging memories

Many memory cell technologies are being considered as possible replacements for DRAM and Flash technologies, both of which are nearing their scaling limits. While these new cells (PCM, STT-RAM, FeRAM, etc.) promise high density, better scaling, and non-volatility, they introduce new challenges. Solutions at the architecture level can help address some of these problems; e.g., prior research has proposed wear-leveling and hard error tolerance mechanisms to overcome the limited write endurance of PCM cells. In this paper, we focus on the soft error problem in PCM, a topic that has received little attention in the architecture community. Soft errors in DRAM memories are typically addressed by having SECDED support and a scrub mechanism. The scrub mechanism scans the memory looking for a single-bit error and corrects it before the line experiences a second uncorrectable error. However, PCM (and other emerging memories) are prone to new sources of soft errors. In particular, multi-level cell (MLC) PCM devices will suffer from resistance drift, that increases the soft error rate and incurs high overheads for the scrub mechanism. This paper is the first to study the design of architectural scrub mechanisms, especially when tailored to the drift phenomenon in MLC PCM. Many of our solutions will also apply to other soft-error prone emerging memories. We first show that scrub overheads can be reduced with support for strong ECC codes and a lightweight error detection operation. We then design different scrub algorithms that can adaptively trade-off soft and hard errors. Using an approach that combines all proposed solutions, our scrub mechanism yields a 96.5% reduction in uncorrectable errors, a 24.4 × decrease in scrub-related writes, and a 37.8% reduction in scrub energy, relative to a basic scrub algorithm used in modern DRAM systems.
Mesoscale Convective Vortices in Multiscale, Idealized Simulations: Dependence on Background State, Interdependency with Moist Baroclinic Cyclones, and Comparison with BAMEX Observations

Abstract A set of multiscale, nested, idealized numerical simulations of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) was conducted. The purpose of these simulations was to investigate the dependence of MCV development and evolution on background conditions and to explore the relationship between MCVs and larger, moist baroclinic cyclones. In all experiments, no mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed until a larger-scale, moist baroclinic system with surface pressure amplitude of at least 2 hPa was present. The convective system then enhanced the development of the moist baroclinic system by its diabatic production of eddy available potential energy (APE), which led to the enhanced baroclinic conversion of basic-state APE to eddy APE. The most rapid potential vorticity (PV) development occurred in and just behind the leading convective line. The entire system grew upscale with time as the newly created PV rotated cyclonically around a common center as the leading conve...
The effect of comet Shoemaker‐Levy 9 on Jupiter's synchrotron radiation

Solid material from comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 is expected to modify Jupiter's decimetric radio emission. Electrons passing through dust grains suffer a degradation in their energy, while larger sized material absorbs all electrons impinging on it. If there is enough dust and/or larger sized material in the magnetosphere, the effect on the energetic electrons can be observed via their synchrotron radiation, emitted at microwave frequencies. The planet's radio emission is expected to decrease, and the presence of dust induces a hardening in the radio spectrum. We expect the intensity to decrease immediately after cometary material enters the radiation belts; the radio emission continues to drop for many months as electrons diffuse inwards through a dusty magnetosphere. Radio observations of the planet during and after the cometary impact thus yield information on the amount of cometary material (optical depth of the dust and macroscopic material), impacts between cometary material and Jupiter's ring, and the diffusion process of energetic electrons through the magnetosphere.
Jan Hudde and the Quotient Rule before Newton and Leibniz.

Daniel Curtin (curtin@nku.edu) earned his A.B. from the University of Notre Dame in 1973, and his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1979. Since then, he has been on the faculty of Northern Kentucky University (Highland Heights, KY 41099), where he holds the rank of professor. Over the years, he has had occasional lapses into administration. Trained in algebraic aeometrv, his studies have moved over the years to the history of mathematics, especially the period just before Newton and Leibniz. This allows him to make use of the Latin taught him in high school by the Jesuits. He and his wife live in Fort Thomas, Kentucky, and all four of his children share his love of music. He can often be found in various pubs, his fiddle under his chin, playing Irish traditional music (with perhaps more enthusiasm than skill).
Angiotensin II receptor blockade and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with elevated blood pressure.

We tested the hypothesis that olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) devoid of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist activity, would improve whole-body insulin sensitiv...
Characterization of the Z lineage Major histocompatability complex class I genes in zebrafish

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a valuable model for studying immunity, infection, and hematopoietic disease and have recently been employed for transplantation assays. However, the lack of syngeneic zebrafish creates challenges with identifying immune-matched individuals. The MHC class I genes, which mediate allogeneic recognition in mammals, have been grouped into three broad lineages in zebrafish: the classical U genes on chromosome 19, the Z genes which have been reported to map to chromosome 1, and the L genes that map to multiple loci. Transplantations between individual zebrafish that are matched at the U locus fail to consistently engraft suggesting that additional loci contribute to allogeneic recognition. Although two full-length zebrafish Z transcripts have been described, the genomic organization and diversity of these genes have not been reported. Herein we define ten Z genes on chromosomes 1 and 3 and on an unplaced genomic scaffold. We report that neither of the Z transcripts previously described match the current genome assembly and classify these transcripts as additional gene loci. We characterize full-length transcripts for 9 of these 12 genes. We demonstrate a high level of expression variation of the Z genes between individual zebrafish suggestive of haplotypic variation. We report low level sequence variation for individual Z genes between individual zebrafish reflecting a possible nonclassical function, although these molecules may still contribute to allogeneic recognition. Finally, we present a gene nomenclature system for the Z genes consistent with MHC nomenclature in other species and with the zebrafish gene nomenclature guidelines.
Beyond threaded conversation

• Homogenous view. The partitioning of messages into topics is shared by all viewers. Moreover, users all see the same view of the messages in a topic, either in chronological or reverse chronological order. In some cases, messages are sorted into threads, with chronological presentation of threads, and chronological presentation within threads. In some cases, the system will keep track of which messages a user has previously viewed, so that it can highlight the unread messages, but that is the only personalization of how people view the messages.
Integration of 4F2 selector-less crossbar array 2Mb ReRAM based on transition metal oxides for high density memory applications

4F2 selector-less crossbar array 2Mb ReRAM test chip with 54nm technology has been successfully integrated for high cell efficiency and high density memory applications by implementing parts of decoders to row/column lines directly under the cell area. Read/write specifications for memory operation in a chip are presented by minimizing sneak current through unselected cells. The characteristics of memory cell (nonlinearity, Kw >8, Iop &#60;10uA, Vop &#60;3V), TiOx/Ta 2 O 5 , are modified for its working in a chip by adopting appropriate materials for a resistor stack and spacer. Write condition in a chip makes a critical impact on read margin and read/write operation in a chip has been verified.
Monopole-fermion and dyon-fermion bound states (VI). Weakly bound states for the dyon-fermion system

We present analytic, approximate results for dyon-fermion binding energies and the corresponding bound-state wave functions for angular momentum j ⩾ Z|eg| + 12. The results are valid in the limit of weak binding, M − E ⪡ M, and for small dyon charges, ZdZe2 ⪡ 1, with Zd and Z the dyon and fermion charges, respectively. With Coulomb attraction, ZdZ < 0, the bound states can be classified into two types with opposite radial components of the fermion spin, provided that there is no near degeneracy between the two types. Only one of these two types remains bound in the monopole limit, Zd → 0.
Tests of the hypothesis of the existence of risk premium in the foreign exchange market

Abstract This paper tests for a risk premium in the foreign exchange market. The null hypothesis of the test is the random walk hypothesis in the foreign exchange market. The alternative hypothesis is that biases of current spot rates (or forward rates) from future spot rates are systematically related to a set of economic variables on which a risk premium may depend. This paper provides firm evidence for a risk premium in the foreign exchange market. The risk premium explains 10–20% of the total variance in future spot rates when the US dollar/mark quarterly rates are used. The magnitudes are smaller (less than 10%) for monthly rates.
An expert system/training aid for fatigue of steel bridges

Abstract The expert system FASTBRID (Fatigue Assessment of STeel BRIDges) is under development. A prototype (pilot) system has been developed and is currently being validated. The system is intended to serve as a training aid/consultant for inspection and rehabilitation of steel highway bridges with regards to fracture and fatigue, and to be made available for wide distribution. In this paper the development of the prototype, its architecture and usage are presented. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the system performance. When completely developed FASTBRID would constitute both an advisory system to be used by practitioners in real world evaluations, and a training aid to guide bridge engineers and inspector leaders in detecting and solving fatigue related problems in steel highway bridges.
Indirect photolysis of acetochlor : Rate constant of a nitrate-mediated hydroxyl radical reaction

Abstract The second order rate constant, k 2 , for reaction of the corn herbicide acetochlor with OH radicals was found to be 7.5 (±2.0) × 10 9 M −1 s −1 , in close agreement with the value reported for a similar herbicide, alachlor, based on structure-activity relationships. Summer-time half-lives of 1–20 days for acetochlor were estimated for the Blue Earth River (southern Minnesota), an agriculturally impacted river with high nitrate levels (the primary source of ·OH in surface waters).
Optical instrumentation for vibration measurement and monitoring

Monitoring of machine tool vibrations is an important aspect of precision manufacturing industry. The objective of this research is the design and experimentation of a simple and unique instrument for precise vibration measurement that can be used in industry. The instrument and the technique can also be used in a research laboratory. This paper examines the role of vibration monitoring in manufacturing systems, especially in machine tool operations and proposes a simple and reliable method using laser instrumentation. The paper outlines the design and construction of such instrument using mechatronics technology with embedded measurement. The paper also provides an analysis of the experimented data that has been collected with the new instrument. Recommendations are made for the use of this device for applications beyond machine tool vibration monitoring.
Seasonal wing colour plasticity varies dramatically between buckeye butterfly populations in different climatic zones

1. In the present study, how seasonal wing colour plasticity in buckeye butterflies (Junonia coenia Hubner) differs between populations in different climatic regions, and whether these differences are explained by regional environmental differences or reflect genetic divergences in plasticity is addressed. 2. Using museum specimen data, it is shown that buckeye wing colour variation is much greater in populations from the humid and subtropical climates of the eastern U.S.A. than in populations from the desert and mediterranean climates of the western U.S.A. 3. Museum specimen data further show that wing colour in eastern populations is strongly correlated with seasonal variation in day length and temperature, whereas wing colour in western populations is only weakly associated with these cues. 4. Controlled incubator experiments comparing Southern California and North Carolina populations suggest that regional differences in wing pattern variation are attributable to dramatically increased robustness to environmental variation in western populations. 5. Together these experiments show that while phenotypic variation can be influenced by environmental cues, the range of this variation can genetically diverge between populations in different regions.
Levels of Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Cephalothin, Cefazolin, Cefamandole, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Amikacin in Human Serum and Interstitial Fluid

The ability of eight antibiotics (carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cefamandole, cephalothin, cefazolin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin) to enter human interstitial fluid was evaluated by the skin window technique. All of the antibiotics tested, except cefazolin, which has the highest percentage of protein binding, diffused into the interstitial fluid quite well. This study confirms our previous observation on the effect of high-percentage protein binding on diffusion of a drug into the minimally inflamed extravascular space.
Recognition of Anterior Wall Infarction in Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy A Study by the Frank Vectorcardiogram

Horizontal plane projections of vectorcardiograms registered by the Frank lead system were analyzed in 36 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and in 24 with left ventricular hypertrophy and associated anterior wall infarction. All were studied at autopsy. The 0.01-, 0.02-, 0.03-second, and maximum QRS vectors were compared with similar measurements in 60 control subjects previously reported. New criteria for the vector-cardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy have been outlined. Close agreement with earlier reported groups of patients with anteroseptal and anterolateral infarction was found, and findings by others in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were confirmed. The direction of the 0.02-second QRS vector allowed the separation of the infarct group from the left ventricular hypertrophy group and from the normal, whereas the direction of the 0.03-second and maximum QRS vectors separated left ventricular hypertrophy from the normal. The magnitude of the maximum QRS vector ...
Differences between cats in response properties of horizontal semicircular canal primary afferents.

The response properties of cat horizontal canal afferents (N = 81) were characterized by three parameters: their long time constants (τ), low frequency gain constants (G1), and middle frequency gain constants (Gm). An average value of each of these parameters was calculated for each of eight animals and comparisons were made across animals. There were significant differences between individual animals in their average values of τ and Gm. There was also a significant negative correlation between τ's and Gm's. An animal with a larger average τ tended to have a smaller average Gm. We also used anatomic data on membranous canal duct diameter from the literature to independently estimate the potential effect of interanimal anatomic variability on the predicted range of τ and Gm values in a population. We then compared the data from our 81 afferents with the predictions from the anatomic data.
Respiratory syncytial virus infections: Recent prospects for control

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections remain a significant public health problem throughout the world, although recently developed and clinically approved anti-RSV antibodies administered prophylactically to at-risk populations appear to have significantly affected the disease development. Much effort has been expended to develop effective anti-RSV therapies, using both in vitro assay systems and mouse, cotton rat, and primate models, with several products now in various stages of clinical study. Several products are also being considered for the treatment of clinical symptoms of RSV. In this review, updates on the status of the approved anti-RSV antibodies, ribavirin, and recent results of studies with potential new anti-RSV compounds are summarized and discussed.
Love, fear, and justice: Transforming selves for the new world

Two current models of the self are contrasted. The limitations of these (egocentric autonomous and sociocentric organic) models generate five problems for a comprehensive approach to justice. An alternative model is presented that views the self as an agent who is dependent on others and is motivated by both love for the other and fear for the self. This alternative model has three advantages: The two current models can be derived from it; it resolves the problems created by their limitations; it provides a concrete vision of how we must develop ourselves if we wish to obtain a just world.
Geographical Information Systems Technology as a Tool for Genocide Prevention: The Case of Darfur

This article evaluates potential uses of geographical information systems (GIS) technology and virtual globes, such as Google Earth, for stimulating more effective responses to emerging threats of ...
Temporary Migrants in Shanghai Households, 1984

In China, temporary migration is defined as a change in place of residence without a concomitant change in household registration; such mobility therefore encompasses a more heterogeneous set of movements than is usually subsumed under this heading in other nations. Because of China’s strict control of permanent migration to large cities, temporary migration has become an important strategy for adjusting to economic changes and to effecting family reunification. The Shanghai Temporary Migration Survey of 1984 focused on one segment of temporary migrants, the 58% living in the households of permanent residents. Multinomial logistic regression suggests the heightened probability that close relatives of the household heads come to Shanghai to visit or to live, and nonrelatives to work. Regression on current and expected duration shows that many intended to stay for a year or more, some for up to 20 years. Their presence in the city places added strains on infrastructure and raises questions about the continued efficacy of China’s migration policies.
Multiple comparisons for an unbalanced a × b design under mixed models with interaction

Abstract Consider a two-way factorial experiment involving a “treatment” factor A with fixed effects, a “blocking” factor B with random effects, and interaction effects perhaps non-negligible. The degree of balance required for multiple comparison procedures to be applicable for the comparison of the treatment effects using ordinary least-squares estimates is investigated. For main effects to be estimated independently of MSAB, a sufficient condition is that the design consist of identical blocks, a strong condition of proportional frequencies. Surprisingly, under this condition of proportional frequencies, MSAB does not provide an appropriate variance estimate for inferences on each treatment contrast, even though the statistics F = MSA/MSAB is appropriate for testing equality of the treatment effects. In short, when factor B is random, standard methods of multiple comparisons apply using the interaction mean square MSAB as a variance estimator only when the treatment-block incidences nn are constant. Nevertheless, for designs with identical blocks, appropriate variance estimates can be identified to allow for conservative or approximate multiple comparisons. This is illustrated for certain treatment balanced designs for comparisons with a control.
Species Composition of Nebraska's Freshwater Gastropod Fauna: A Review of Historical Records

Abstract: Freshwater gastropods are important components of aquatic ecosystems yet little is known of their distribution and abundance in most states. To clarify historical species presence in Nebraska, I created a database from literature and museum records to catalog each species of freshwater gastropod. Records provided a list of more than 80 provisional species of freshwater snails in the state. I then evaluated each species for possible misidentification and/or synonyms based on known geographic ranges and systematic studies thereby reducing the number of species expected to be present in Nebraska to 31, including one non-indigenous species. I suspect eight species are rare based on the number of records.
First-Order Amplitude for General State-to-State Transitions in Hydrogen by Projectile Impact

The closed analytic form for bound-state transitions due to projectile impact is found in the intermediate representation. The coordinate integral is obtained by evaluating the remaining two integrals in the general multicenter integral derived previously (J. C. Straton, Phys. Rev. A 41, 71 (1990)). Evaluating the remaining time integral depends upon relating a sum of modified Bessel functions of the second kind {ital K}{sub {ital N}+1/2}({ital z}) to a simple polynomial in 1/{ital z}. The results of Van Den Bos and De Heer (Physica 34, 333 (1967)) are shown to be missing a phase factor of ({minus}{ital i}){sup ({ital l}{prime}+{ital l})}.
Centering Medea amid lawless spaces

Medea by Euripides sets up two spaces: Greece (the West or Europe) standing for the masculine, rationality, and law on the one hand, and Colchis (the East or Asia) for the feminine, emotion, and (from the western perspective) lawlessness on the other. These two spaces are given physical, spatial representation in various modern productions of the play and other interpretations of Medea. Some examples: Euripides has Medea and Jason arguing, without understanding each other, across a chasm in the final scene; stage directors clothe the Greeks in austere white; they live in a city; the Asiatics have no city, Medea’s colors are black, or earth colors such as green. By defining Medea and her heirs – terrorists, outlaw nations, illegal aliens – as lawless and her nation as a space of lawlessness, nations claiming to stand for rationality, legality, and civilization are able to justify suspending these traits when dealing with those who do not adhere to these norms, all the while overlooking inconsistencies between their own ideas and behavior.
Multiple Mechanisms of Resource Acquisition in Hermit Crabs: Scrums and Odor-Induced Grasping (Decapoda, Diogenidae)

Two behavioral mechanisms shown by hermit crabs (brief grasps of shells and scrum formation) which increase their chances of obtaining new gastropod shells were examined. Individuals of Clibanarius vittatus which smell odors from the snail Littorina irrorata show brief grasps of L. irrorata shells occupied by hermit crabs but long grasps of empty shells. The brief grasp allows identification of the species of shell and whether or not it is occupied. Hermit crabs which are attracted to and closely attend a pair of crabs engaged in shell exchange behavior (scrummage formation) sometimes obtain a shell vacated by the initiating crab as it moves into the shell vacated by the non-initiating crab. These behaviors minimize the time spent by crabs on shells that are not available for easy occupation.
Release of volatile liquid hydrocarbons from spilled petroleum.

The extensive shipping of crude oil over the world's oceans has produced increased concern over the effects of the accidental spillage of petroleum on the marine environment. One portion of the petroleum released to the oceans that is of particular interest environmentally are the toxic, volatile liquid hydrocarbons (VLHs). The fate and mode of incorporation of VLHs into the water column during a petroleum spill is important both to the controlling of the spill and in assessing its environmental impact. In this paper, volatile hydrocarbon solution studies were conducted in a 68.5 L, glass rectangular tank with a surface area of 2250 cm/sup 2/. Each experiment was run with 10-L (9 cm dep) of Gulf of Mexico seawater with a salinity of approximately 32 ppt.
Assessing treatment barriers in young adults with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Aims The current study was designed to identify barriers that prevent young adults with DM1 from achieving glycemic control. Methods Eighty-three young adult patients with DM1 [age 22.2±2.8 years (mean±SD), duration diabetes 11.3±5.6 years, HbA1c 8.8±2.1%] completed a battery of surveys assessing potential barriers to achieving glycemic control. Results of questionnaires were correlated with the patient's most recent HbA1c, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine what barriers were significantly associated with HbA1c levels. Results Questionnaires that significantly correlated with HbA1c levels included the Conflict Subscale of the Diabetes Responsibility and Conflict Scale ( r =.55, p r =.42, p r =.31, p F (3, 80)=12.95, p R 2 =.35]. Conclusions Results suggest that despite attempts to educate patients; barriers such as family conflict, psychological issues, and carbohydrate counting remain obstacles impeding glycemic control in young adults with DM1.
X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome associated with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor presenting as obstructive jaundice secondary to extensive adenopathy

X-Linked Hyper IgM Syndrome (XHIGM) is a rare B-cell immunodeficiency disease. Patients with XHIGM are unable to switch immunoglobulin production from IgM to IgG, IgA, and IgE. Patients with XHIGM require periodic intravenous immune globulin to help prevent infections, and are also at risk for a variety of neoplasms. We describe a young man with XHIGM who presented with obstructive jaundice from malignant adenopathy from widespread, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. This has not previously been reported and represents a new association with XHIGM.
The inelastic contribution to high resolution images of defects

Abstract The importance of the contribution due to inelastically scattered electrons to unfiltered HREM images is examined, with emphasis on imaging of defects in semiconductors. Whenever the low energy loss spectrum contains sharp peaks, the contribution is not featureless. At specimen thickness of a few tens of nm, it may change the image appearance in a major way. The strongest effect occurs in high resolution, medium voltage (200 to 500 kV) electron microscope images of defects at focus values minimizing the contrast of the elastic image in low Z materials such as Al and Si. In higher Z materials or those with no sharp “plasmons”, the contribution is small.
The influence of diethylstilbestrol on alloxan diabetes paired feeding experiments.

Two SOMEWHAT conflicting views appear in the literature concerning the action of estrogenic substances on diabetes. One view is that diethylstilbestrol acts as a diabetogenic agent and the other that estrogenic substances relieve diabetic symptoms to some degree. Ingle and Nezamis (1943) found that when rats were partially pancreatectomized and force-fed with a high carbohydrate diet, the administration of diethylstilbestrol caused the animals to become glycosuric. The glycosuria disappeared, however, following the withdrawal of this drug. On the other hand, Nelson and Overholser (1936) showed that the injection of estrone usually caused a reduction in urine and blood sugar values in monkeys which had been partially or totally depancreatized. In addition, diabetes in human beings seems to’ be somewhat ameliorated following estrogen therapy, as evidenced by lowering the requirements for insulin (Schone, 1940. Spiegelman, 1940. Thaddea and Hampe, 1940).
Thirty-six vaginal constructions: lessons learned.

Abstract Objectives The use of bowel for vaginal construction is a well-established procedure. In this paper, the lessons learned from 36 vaginoplasties over a 34-year period are discussed. Methods Between 1980 and 2013, 36 patients between 1 and 21 years of age underwent vaginal construction. In 27 of the 36 patients, an inverted V-shaped perineal skin flap was incorporated into the posterior wall of the neovagina, and, when required, a detubularized pouch was used to avoid traction on the vascular pedicle. In nine patients, the sigmoid colon was anastomosed, in a circumferential manner, to the short blind-ending vaginal dimple. Results Two of the nine sigmoid vaginas, where the perineal skin flap was omitted, developed introital stenosis. None of the sigmoid neovaginas that included the perineal flap developed stenosis. One patient with ileal segment vagina, at the onset of puberty, developed introital stenosis after 10 years; this was successfully corrected. Nineteen out of 28 patients available for long-term follow up were sexually active and reported no dyspareunia. Conclusions Detubularization and reconfiguration to form a pouch reduces the traction on the mesentery of the bowel segment, which ensures adequate blood supply to the distal entero-cutaneous junction. The inverted V-shaped perineal skin flap should be incorporated in the anastomosis to avoid circumferential suture line and introital stenosis.
Analysis of Jovian Auroral H Ly-α Emission (1981–1991)

Abstract We present a new analysis of jovian auroral IUE spectra covering the period from 1981 to 1991. To extract integrated auroral H Ly-α emission from these spectra we have developed a new extraction method that bins signal with wavelength while preserving the spatial information provided by the IUE imaging spectrograph. This separates auroral emission from background sources including the jovian dayglow, geocoronal H Ly-α emission, emission from hydrogen in the interplanetary medium (IPH), and grating scattered light in the IUE spectrograph. Auroral H Ly-α emission is compared with H 2 emission covering the bandpasses from 1230 to 1300 A and 1550 to 1620 A. Study of H 2 and H Ly-α variability as a function of central meridian longitude (CML) and the results of linear correlative analysis indicates that these features are produced by a common or linked process with a similar spatial distribution. Further comparative analysis of the relative optical depth of the correlated emission using a modified form of the H 2 color ratio of Yung et al. (1982, Astrophys. J. 254, L65–L69) suggest that H 2 and H Ly-α emissions are subject to similar variability in CH 4 extinction with CML. From this a conservative upper limit of 37% is derived for the amount of H Ly-α emission that can be produced above the altitude where the bulk of the H 2 emission is produced. We also discuss how the implied radiative transfer environment for H Ly-α production and the local H/CH 4 ratio can limit the altitude distribution of the emission, the auroral H Ly-α intensity, and the shape and information available from the emergent line profile.
Virus-like particles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In Knochenmark-Monocyten eines funfjahrigen Madchens konnten im Cytoplasma Einschlusse beobachtet werden, die mit gewundenen Membranen und virusahnlichen Partikeln fegullt waren.