cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF PREVIOUS HOSPITALIZATION ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICALLY TREATED SCHIZOPHRENIC OUTPATIENTS.

Summary Our study has demonstrated that the biographical factor of history of hospitalization is a meaningful predictor of the clinical course of schizophrenic outpatients. Active ataractic therapy (chlorpromazine and promazine) interacts with history of hospitalization to produce different qualities of treatment outcome. For patients with a history of previous hospitalization and prone to rehospitalization, active drug therapy significantly reduces this tendency. For patients “not previously hospitalized” and not prone to hospitalization active drug therapy tends to improve the quality of social behavior. The introduction of the concept of history of hospitalization as an organizing point appears to be clinically and methodologically rewarding. History of hospitalization describes a significant aspect of the patient's past, it represents a potent factor influencing the patient's future clinical course, it significantly interacts with ataractic therapy and it also reflects the patient's ongoing adaptation in the community. In our study, history of hospitalization was found to be independent of our indices of psychopathology. The variable thus must be considered an important aspect of the schizophrenic patient's adaptation to his illness not reflected in the usual mental status examination of the patient. It is suggested that in the long term study of psychopharmacological outpatient therapy, the biographical dimension of history of hospitalization may prove to be a meaningful way of classifying the ambulatory schizophrenic patient.
Optical properties and electron-attenuation lengths from photoelectric-yield measurements*

The photoelectric yield of an infinitely thick medium is examined as a function of the polarization and angle of incidence of the incident light, the refractive index, n, and extinction coefficient, k, of the photoemitter, and the attenuation length, L, of the photoexcited electrons in the photoemitter. It is found that the photoelectric yield is a maximum at an angle very close to θc given by n = sinθc and that the magnitude of the yield at this angle, relative to that for normal incidence, is dependent on k and L. In practice, if we know the polarization of the incident light, a least-squares fit of the experimental photoelectric yield as a function of angle of incidence can be made to the theory using n, k, and L as the adjustable parameters. This method is most sensitive for the determination of optical constants when n is close to, but less than, unity and k and L are small. These are just the conditions generally found in the soft x-ray region where it is difficult to obtain accurate optical constants from reflectance measurements. It is suggested that, in the energy region where it is applicable, this method for obtaining optical constants may be easier and more accurate than reflectance methods. When the magnitude of the yield near θc is dependent on both k and L, this quantity may be used to determine L if k is measured independently.
Henry James and the language of experience

1. The experience of Jamesian hermeneutics 2. The experience of divestiture: toward an understanding of the self in The American 3. Bondage and boundaries: Isabel Archer's failed experience 4. Lambert Strether and the negativity of experience 5. Recovery and revelation: the experience of self-exposure in James's autobiography.
Anger Management for Female Juvenile Offenders: Results of a Pilot Study

ABSTRACT In recent years, while the violent crime arrest rate has decreased for boys, it has increased for girls. Anger-related behaviors, such as physical and relational aggression, account for a significant proportion of the crimes for which these youth are arrested. Nevertheless, there exists no empirically evaluated anger management intervention designed specifically for a female juvenile offender population. This pilot study is a first step in developing such an intervention. Participants were 12 girls in a post-adjudication facility who were randomly assigned to either the 18- session anger management treatment condition or the treatment-as-usual control condition. Although significant differences between the groups on measures of anger and aggression were difficult to detect because of the pilot study's small sample size, medium- to large-effect sizes were obtained. These findings suggest promise for a larger-scale efficacy study. Further revisions to the treatment manual for the larger-scale effic...
A need for standardized rabies-virus diagnostic procedures: Effect of cover-glass mountant on the reliability of antigen detection by the fluorescent antibody test

The direct fluorescent antibody test is a sensitive and specific procedure used in the routine diagnosis of rabies. However, given the critical role of the rabies diagnostic laboratory in patient management and public health decision-making, the use of a standardized national rabies diagnostic procedure is highly recommended. Seemingly small variations in test procedures may have dramatic effects on sensitivity. For example, two independent reports of diminished staining performance of two lots of a commercial anti-rabies conjugate were investigated in this study. The diminished staining occurred only with a single rabies-virus variant, associated with big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, in the southwestern United States. Similarly diluted and prepared diagnostic reagents provided bright staining on all other variants of rabies-virus tested. Subsequent evaluation disclosed that the phenomenon was associated with the relative concentrations of glycerol used in the mounting media by the reporting laboratories. These findings, related to the proper selection of an optimal cover-glass mountant for use in the immunofluorescence procedure, demonstrate the potential for erroneous results with severe implications for patient health, when uncontrolled variations in protocol occur. This paper underscores the necessity for all rabies diagnostic laboratories to follow one standard protocol. Such a protocol has been placed on the websites maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: .
Evaluation of the iPad in the acquisition of requesting skills for children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract The iPad ® with the Proloquo2Go™ application is designed to function as a speech-generating device (SGD). This study evaluates whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can acquire requesting skills using the iPad ® with the Proloquo2Go™ application. Participants included three children with ASD between the ages of three and five. A multiple probe design across participants was used. Intervention phases were adapted and modified from the picture exchange communication system (PECS) ( Bondy & Frost, 1994; Frost & Bondy, 2002 ). Results of this study support that children diagnosed with ASD can acquire skills needed to request preferred items using the iPad ® with the Proloquo2Go™ application with training of a picture-based communication system. In addition, vocal requesting increased for the participants during the training phases in comparison to baseline probes.
Robust Process Planning under Uncertainty

The need to model uncertainty in process design and operations has long been recognized. A frequently taken approach, the two-stage paradigm, involves partitioning the problem variables into two stages: those that have to be decided before and those that can be decided after the uncertain parameters reveal themselves. The resulting two-stage stochastic optimization models minimize the sum of the costs of the first stage and the expected cost of the second stage. A potential limitation of this approach is that it does not account for the variability of the second-stage costs and might lead to solutions where the actual second-stage costs are unacceptably high. In order to resolve this difficulty, we introduce a robustness measure that penalizes second-stage costs that are above the expected cost. Incorporating this measure into stochastic programming formulations does not introduce nonlinearlities, thus making possible the solution of large-scale problems through linear programming techniques. The propose...
Determination of epoxides by high-performance liquid chromatography following derivatization with N , N -diethyldithiocarbamate

A reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method that allows quantitation of low levels of epoxides has been described. The method involved derivatization of epoxides using 100- to 1,000-fold excess N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) at 60 degrees C for 20 min at neutral pH. The unreacted DTC was then decomposed to CS(2) and diethyl amine by acidification of the reaction mixture to pH 2 using orthophosphoric acid. The first two steps could be performed in the same reaction vessel by sequential addition of reagents. In the final step, an aliquot (20 microL) of the derivatized sample was analyzed for the presence of stable esters of DTC by RP-HPLC using a Supelcosil LC-18-S (150 x 4.6-mm) column and a mobile phase consisting of 40% (v/v) acetonitrile in water at a flow of 1 mL min(-1). Using UV detection at 278 nm, the epoxides gave linear responses in the concentration range of 0.25 to 50 microM. The method is robust, and as low as 5 pmol of the analyte could be successfully detected and quantified with recoveries of > or =94%. Following a minimal pretreatment such as ultrafiltration (molecular weight cutoff 5,000 Da), the method is suitable for analysis of epoxides in complex physiological fluids (e.g., fetal bovine serum). The method has been rigorously evaluated and adapted in our laboratory for routine analysis and determination of stability of epoxides of 1,3-butadiene and other alkenes added to cell cultures.
Measurement of the Fission Thresholds of Pu 239 , U 233 , U 235 , and U 238 Using the ( d , p ) Reaction

An experiment is described which measures the fission thresholds of thermally fissionable nuclides. In contrast to fission induced by neutron capture, use of the ($d, p$) reaction allows compound nuclei to be produced with excitations less than the binding energy of the last neutron. Measurements of the energy spectra of protons in coincidence with fission, normalized by the energy spectra of all emitted protons, have allowed the thresholds of ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{239}$, ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$, and ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$ to be observed. It should be emphasized that the compound nucleus is stable against neutron emission in the region of these fission thresholds, thus avoiding distortions by this competing reaction. The threshold of ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$ was also obtained for comparison with neutron data. In the case of the even-even compound nuclei, the observed step structure of the fission threshold is a clear indication of a multiple fission barrier. This multiple barrier is predicted by the collective model of fission and is correlated with the experimental data. The equivalent neutron energies at the center of the first threshold are as follows: for ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{239}$, -1.61 Mev; for ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$, -1.47 Mev; and for ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$, -0.60 Mev. The second thresholds are observable only for the first two: for ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{239}$, -0.72 Mev, and for ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$, -0.72 Mev. The threshold of ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$ agrees well with the data from neutron excitation. In each case the fission probability decreases in the region of positive neutron energies. This would result either if neutron emission were to compete with fission or if there were a significant contribution to the proton spectrum from the electric breakup of the deuteron.
Ineffectiveness of adrenocortical hormones, thiamine, ascorbic acid, nupercaine, and posttraumatic serum in shock due to scalding burns

Abstract Our results demonstrate that, under the conditions of these experiments, neither desoxycorticosterone acetate, adrenal cortical extract, thiamine, ascorbic acid, nupercaine, nor posttraumatic convalescent serum from burned rats possessed significant antiburn shock activity. Of the agents tested, all seemed definitely ineffective, with the possible exception of thiamine, which, although it did not decrease mortality, did somewhat increase the average survival. It will be seen that this beneficial effect was not consistent. Therefore, we conclude that, although thiamine may be slightly effective in burn shock, its activity is small as compared to the results obtained with a highly effective agent such as large volumes of saline solution or pretreatment with liver extract. 1 Examination of the results with all of the agents under investigation reveals that, in any single test, using twenty animals per group, apparently positive results are obtainable; but, when the tests are repeated, and the results are evaluated in composite form, it is evident that the so-called positive effects are due to variability of the method. Although we cannot state definitely that similar variations are encountered in evaluating antishock activity with other methods, it does appear possible that some of the conflicting results regarding various agents in shock may be explicable in terms of variability factors which were not taken into account. It is not intended to imply that our observations necessarily apply to other forms of shock, produced by other procedures, for there is now evidence that the cause and treatment of various types of shock may be fundamentally dissimilar. 28, 29
An oscillation theory of handwriting

Handwriting production is viewed as a constrained modulation of an underlying oscillatory process. Coupled oscillations in horizontal and vertical directions produce letter forms, and when superimposed on a rightward constant velocity horizontal sweep result in spatially separated letters. Modulation of the vertical oscillation is responsible for control of letter height. Modulation of the horizontal oscillation is responsible for control of corner shape through altering phase or amplitude. The vertical velocity zero crossing in the velocity space diagram is important from the standpoint of control. Changing the horizontal velocity value at this zero crossing controls corner shape. Changing the slope at this zero crossing controls writing slant. The corner shape and slant constraints completely determine the amplitude and phase relations between the two oscillations. This theory applies generally to a number of acceleration oscillation patterns such as sinusoidal rectangular and trapezoidal oscillations. The oscillation theory also provides an explanation for how handwriting might degenerate with speed. An implementation of the theory in the context of the spring muscle model is developed. Here sinusoidal oscillations arise from a purely mechanical source; orthogonal antagonistic spring pairs generate particular cycloids depending on the initial conditions. Modulating between cycloids can be achieved by changing the spring zero settings at the appropriate times. Frequency can be modulated either by shifting between coactivation and alternating activation of the antagonistic springs or by presuming variable spring constant springs. An acceleration and position measuring apparatus was developed for measurements of human handwriting. Measurements of human writing are consistent with the oscillation theory.
Transfer of occasion setting across stimulus and response in operant feature positive discriminations

Abstract Two experiments examined transfer of stimulus control after discrete-trial operant serial feature positive discrimination (X → A+ A− ) training in rats. Transfer of the X feature's ability to facilitate responding to a subsequent target cue was nearly complete if the transfer target had been trained as the target in another serial feature positive discrimination, even if that target controlled a different operant than controlled by the original A target. Repeated presentations of X alone had little effect on performance to either the original or transfer test compounds. In contrast, transfer to a separately trained and extinguished target was smaller and occurred only if the original and transfer target controlled the same operant. Furthermore that transfer was eliminated by nonreinforced feature presentations. Implications of these data for hypotheses about the nature of occasion setting in operant conditioning were discussed.
Death signal-induced localization of p53 protein to mitochondria. A potential role in apoptotic signaling

The mechanism of p53-mediated apoptosis after cellular stress remains poorly understood. Evidence suggests that p53 induces cell death by a multitude of molecular pathways involving activation of target genes and transcriptionally independent direct signaling. Mitochondria play a key role in apoptosis. We show here that a fraction of p53 protein localizes to mitochondria at the onset of p53-dependent apoptosis but not during p53-independent apoptosis or p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. The accumulation of p53 to mitochondria is rapid (within 1 h after p53 activation) and precedes changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochromec release, and procaspase-3 activation. Immunoelectron microscopy and immuno-fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of isolated mitochondria show that the majority of mitochondrial p53 localizes to the membranous compartment, whereas a fraction is found in a complex with the mitochondrial import motor mt hsp70. After induction of ectopic p53 without additional DNA damage in p53-deficient cells, p53 again partially localizes to mitochondria, preceding the onset of apoptosis. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL abrogates stress signal-mediated mitochondrial p53 accumulation and apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest, suggesting a feedback signaling loop between p53 and mitochondrial apoptotic regulators. Importantly, bypassing the nucleus by targeting p53 to mitochondria using import leader fusions is sufficient to induce apoptosis in p53-deficient cells. We propose a model where p53 can contribute to apoptosis by direct signaling at the mitochondria, thereby amplifying the transcription-dependent apoptosis of p53.
Expression of μ and γ1 membrane forms of immunoglobulin segregate in somatic cell hybrids

In the present investigation, we have utilized the somatic cell hybridization technique to generate an experimental model for studying the differential expression of membrane (mIg) and secreted (sIg) forms of immunoglobulin that characterize different stages of B cell development. We describe here that fusion of the dextran-binding myeloma, MOPC 104E (μ,λ1) and the phthalate-binding B cell hybridoma, 2C3E1 (γ1, kappa) results in the formation of antigen-specific, double hybrids (tribrids) that coexpress both parental secreted forms of Ig but express only one of the two possible membrane forms of immunoglobulin (Ig). This segregated expression of membrane Ig is a new and unexpected finding that has been substantiated here by both immunological and biochemical methods. Analysis by SDS-containing polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) reveals distinct and characteristic migration patterns for each of the four Ig heavy chains in the tribrids (μ membrane, μ. secreted, γ1, membrane and γ1 secreted). Immunochemical analysis of the immunoglobulin from the tribrids confirms the coexpression of both secreted forms of immunoglobulin in most of the tribrid lines tested and indicates that about 30% of the tribrids express only phthalate-specific γ1, membrane Ig, while 38% express only dextran-binding μ. membrane Ig. About 30% of the tribrids secrete both antibodies but express no membrane form and less than 1% are non-secretors. Approximately 2% initially express both membrane forms of Ig, as determined by immunoeytoadherence assay using appropriate target cells but subsequently express only one membrane form during propagation in vitro. SDS-PAGE analysis of surface labeled tribrids confirms that in tribrids expressing membrane Ig, only a single mIg is synthesized. These results suggest that the expression of the secreted and membrane forms of immunoglobulin are separately regulated and the tribrids represent a model with which to study the mechanisms involved in the regulation of each structurally distinct immunoglobulin form.
Repression ofTransactivation of the Retinoic Acid Receptor β2 Promoter in Human Breast Cancer Cells

In previous studies, we have shown that the expression of retinoic acid receptor beta2 (RARbeta2) is altered in certain breast cancer cell lines. To investigate the mechanism responsible for this change, we studied in detail the RARbeta2 promoter in cell lines which demonstrated altered expression and compared these results to cell lines in which RARbeta2 was expressed normally. Direct DNA sequencing failed to identify alterations in the sequences of the known response elements in the cell lines manifesting altered expression patterns. By contrast, electrophoretic mobility shift studies of the proteins binding to these response elements demonstrated striking differences in the cells in which expression was altered, when compared to patterns seen in normal cells. Moreover, transient transfection studies using constructs of the RARbeta2 promoter demonstrated an absence of transactivation in the lines in which the expression of this gene was altered. These data suggest that the mechanism responsible for loss of induction of RARbeta2 in breast tumor cells is, at least in part, transcriptional repression.
Effects of alcohol ingestion on the intercalated disc in the mouse heart

L'examen au microscope electronique du disque intercalaire dans le tissu cardiaque de la souris, apres administration orale d'alcool ethylique, ont revele une augmentation de la distance intercellulaire. Le couplage electrotonique entre les cellules du myocarde est assure par le disque intercale. Par consequent, des changements degeneratifs survenus dans le disque intercalaire diminuent la propagation de l'impulsion excitatrice dans le tissu cardiaque.
2-Acetylaminofluorene metabolism in rat liver microsomes: formation of 9-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and effect of hepatic enzyme modifiers.

9-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene [N-(9-hydroxy-9H-fluoren-2-yl)acetamide; 9-OH-2-AAF] was isolated and identified as a metabolite of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in rat liver microsomes. Evidence for this metabolite was provided by thin-layer chromatography (tlc), inverse isotope dilution analysis, pH partition, and nmr spectroscopic studies. 9-Oxo-2-acetylaminofluorene [N-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)acetamide; 9-OXO-2-AAF] was also detected and identified (by tlc) as a microsomal metabolite of 2-AAF. Microsomal conversion of 2-AAF to 9-OH-2-AAF and 9-OXO-2-AAF was dependent upon the presence of NADPH and was inhibited by a carbon monoxide atmosphere. Increased formation of 9-OH-2-AAF was noted in microsomes obtained from rats treated with the hepatic enzyme modifiers, phenobarbital and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile and inhibited in the presence of metyrapone. In contrast, treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene or chlordane did not modify 9-OH-2-AAF or 9-OXO-2-AAF formation. Also, rates of 9-OXO-2-AAF formation were increased only by prior administration of phenobarbital and were unaffected by metyrapone. These data provide evidence for the involvement of specific types of cytochrome P-450 in the 9-carbon hydroxylation reaction of 2-AAF.
Bedside cognitive examination

Abstract Delirium and dementia are often overlooked among the elderly ill. Their recognition depends in part on the bedside cognitive or “sensorial” examination. Individual components of the examination, such as orientation testing, serial sevens, and three-object recall, are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to serve as adequate screening tests. However, a number of brief instruments, described here, which standardize the administration of several traditional bedside tests, show promise when used in combination form. This article also describes a procedure for analyzing selected responses to provide a combination instrument with still better diagnostic accuracy.
Feasability of measuring radiation pressure quantum back-action in zipper photonic crystal optomechanical cavities

We design, fabricate and measure high-Q mechanical modes (≈ 105) of optomechanical zipper cavities, as a first step to observing quantum back-action in an optomechanical system.
A frequency-weighted sum rule for vibrational Raman optical activity

Abstract The sums of frequency-weighted vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) intensities of isotopic molecules are shown to be related through the elements of the inverse force constant matrix. These relations could be used to determine force constants from experimental ROA intensities.
Pattern recognition of EEG-EOG as a technique for all-night sleep stage scoring☆

This study reports an approach to using a pattern recognition system, simulated on a digital computer, for automatic, all-night sleep stage scoring. A detailed comparison of percent agreement for the computer and three experienced human judges is presented. The results indicate that sleep scorers agreed among themselves approximately 89% of the time. The over-all percent agreement between the computerized recognition system and the consensus formed by a majority vote of the three human judges was 7% less than the average pairwise agreement among human scorers. The consensus scoring showed slightly better agreement with the automatic scoring system than the individual scorer vs. computer comparison. An argument can be made for eliminating the discrimination of stage 3 as a separate sleep stage since average agreement among human scorers for this stage was only 60%. When stages 3 and 4 were combined, performance increased for both humans and computer. The sleep scorers agreed among themselves approximately 91% of the time. The computer's average percent agreement was only 6% lower than the human agreement. From the standpoint of accuracy, the computer scoring system has achieved a satisfactory performance level and may be considered as a useful alternative to visual sleep stage scoring. Performance is expected to increase with refinement of the K complex detector and provision of a more reliable means of identifying awake periods. In addition, the system design can be readily modified to accomodate specific subjects with the attendant increase in classification accuracy.
A Regional Simulation of Marine Boundary-Layer Clouds

A regional version of a two-layer model is used to simulate marine boundary-layer clouds over an area (20 deg - 42 deg and 117 - 145 deg W) of the eastern North Pacific. The large-scale conditions requried for the model are provided by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses and the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. The simulated cloud-top height and fractional cloudiness are compared with satellite data. The model predicts a realistic pattern of cloud-top height, although the heights appear to be overestimated in the southwest and underestimated along the eastern border of the domain. The overall simulated cloudiness is qualitatively comparable to the satellite derived, but the model predicts excessive cloudiness over cold ocean surfaces and insufficient cloudiness over an area centered at 30 deg N, 130 deg W. The possible causes for these discrepancies are discussed. Budget studies show that horizontal advection contributes substantially to the cloud-top height and cloud-layer moisture budgets. Thus, one may need to consider the effects of horizontal advection when validating steady-state solutions of a one-dimensional model. The simulated cloudiness is shown to be sensitive to large-scale subsidence, moisture above the clouds, and drizzle. An increase in the large-scale divergence by 2 x 10(exp -6)/sec decreases average cloudiness for the area by 30%. An increase in the moisture at 850 mb by 2 g/kg increases the cloudiness by 20%. The suppression of drizzle in the model increases the cloudiness by 34% and significantly changes its pattern.
Predictive validity of cocaine, sedative, and alcohol dependence diagnoses

This study examined the predictive validity of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (Spitzer, Williams, Gibbon, & First, 1990) based substance dependence diagnoses (i.e., cocaine, sedative, and alcohol) for 518 opioid-dependent outpatients entering methadone maintenance. Patients were followed over 1 year of treatment, which involved daily methadone substitution supplemented by individual and group counseling. Urine specimens were tested randomly 1-4 times per month. Patients diagnosed with current cocaine, sedative, or alcohol dependence were more likely to use these drugs than were patients with past only or no dependence syndrome. Current cocaine dependence predicted early treatment dropout. The results demonstrate the predictive and discriminant validity of several substance dependence diagnoses common among patients in substance abuse or other psychiatric treatment settings.
Oxygen chemisorption on supported gold

Oxygen chemisorption on supported gold corresponded to an Au/O ratio of 2:1 at 200/sup 0/C and 3-6 mm Hg oxygen initial pressure. The chemisorptions were conducted at 170/sup 0/-450/sup 0/C on catalysts that comprised 0.54-4.25Vertical Bar3< by wt of gold on alumina, silica, and magnesium oxide, that were pretreated in hydrogen or evacuated at up to 450/sup 0/C, and that were characterized by wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
Effects of vocabulary, syntax, and sentence length on auditory comprehension in aphasic patients.

Summary Three groups of adult aphasics (Broca’s, Wernicke’s and amnesic) and a group of normal control subjects were compared on a test of auditory comprehension for sentences. The test sentences constructed varied systematically in the parameters of length, vocabullary difficulty, and syntactic complexity. The pattern of aphasics’ responses indicated that they differed from the normal controls in quantitative performance, but not in qualitative aspects. The aphasic subgroups varied in comprehension ability, with the Wernicke's patients performing the poorest. Syntactic complexity proved to be the most difficult parameter for all subjects. Comprehension of sentences of increased difficulty was significantly poorer than comprehension of easy sentences. Clinical applications of the test were discussed.
Intestinal Parasites Found in the Research Group of Mountain Gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda

: Mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) are critically endangered, remaining only in two isolated populations in Central Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasites in a single group of mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda over 7 weeks from June to August 2000. Fecal samples were collected from night nests and transported in formalin for examination at Cornell University and the Centers for Disease Control. All fecal samples were examined microscopically for parasitic larvae, cysts, and eggs. The following were found: strongylid eggs, Probstymaria sp. larvae, and two parasitic nematode larvae that were not identified. Additional examination techniques will be used to further examine the fecal material specifically for protozoan cysts. An increasing threat to this group of gorillas is the presence of local field assistants and researchers. We found no evidence of human parasites in the fecal samples from this gorilla group.
The oxidation of allylic methylene groups under FeIII-TBHP and FeIII-TBHP-PA conditions

Abstract Oxidation of allylic methylene groups under Fe III -TBHP (Fe III -t-butyl hydroperoxide) and Fe III -TBHP-PA (Fe III -t-butyl hydroperoxide-picolinic acid) conditions gave α- and γ-ketonization products.
Glucose metabolism in burn patients: The role of insulin and other endocrine hormones

Severe burn causes a catabolic response with profound effects on glucose and muscle protein metabolism. This response is characterized by hyperglycemia and loss of muscle mass, both of which have been associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. In critically ill surgical patients, obtaining tight glycemic control with intensive insulin therapy was shown to reduce morbidity and mortality and has increasingly become the standard of care. In addition to its well-known anti-hyperglycemic action and reduction in infections, insulin promotes muscle anabolism and regulates the systemic inflammatory response. Despite a demonstrated benefit of insulin administration on the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass, it is unknown if this effect translates to improved clinical outcomes in the thermally injured. Further, insulin therapy has the potential to cause hypoglycemia and requires frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels. A better understanding of the clinical benefit associated with tight glycemic control in the burned patient, as well as newer strategies to achieve and maintain that control, may provide improved methods to reduce the clinical morbidity and mortality in the thermally injured patient.
Potassium Deficiency and Cardiac Catecholamine Metabolism in the Rat

Norepinephrine metabolism, arterial blood pressure, and electrolytes were studied in rats maintained on either potassium-deficient or control diets. After 3 weeks on the test diets, the arterial blood pressure was significantly lower and the ratio of [Na] to [K] in cardiac tissue was significantly higher in potassium-deficient rats as compared to controls. Ten minutes after intravenous injection of 3 H-norepinephrine the specific activity of cardiac norepinephrine was similar in the control and potassium-deficient groups despite a significant increase in endogenous norepinephrine concentration in the potassium-deficient hearts. But 24 hours after injection, there was a significant increase in 3 H-norepinephrine specific activity, concentration, and content in the potassium-deficient group. Cardiac tissue monoamine oxidase activity was similar in both groups. The increased 3 H-norepinephrine retention and concentration and the decreased arterial blood pressure of the potassium-deficient rate suggest an impairment in norepinephrine release by the sympathetic neurons.
Malignant granular cell tumor of the ulnar nerve with novel cytogenetic and molecular genetic findings

We report an unusual case of ulnar nerve-based malignant granular cell tumor characterized by gains of chromosome 10 and loss of P16 detected by conventional karyotyping and by fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively, in a 74-year-old male. To our knowledge, these findings have never been reported previously in malignant granular cell tumors.
Patterns of Puerto Rican Segregation and Mobility

In this article patterns of Puerto Rican residential segregation and mobility within metropolitan areas are examined for the period between 1970 and 1980. Using a weighted OLS procedure, this study...
Encounter of behavioral sciences with new machine-organism analogies in the 1940's.

In the 1940's a number of social and behavioral scientists attended a series of interdisciplinary conferences, through which they became acquainted with new machine-organism analogies, analogies which had originated in connection with computers and communication engineering. Responses to the ideas proposed by engineers and mathematicians differed from individual to individual. At one of their meetings the proponents of the new analogies were confronted by W. Koehler with the apparently conflicting viewpoint of Gestalt psychology.
Antigen-Independent Targeting of Long-Lived CD4+ Cytolytic T Effector Cells to Lesions of Atherosclerosis

See related article, pages 524–531 Acute coronary syndromes, most often characterized by fissuring or rupture of coronary lesions, are responsible for the majority of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis.1–3 Studies of human atherosclerotic plaques after acute events have revealed that lesions that tend to rupture are rich in inflammatory cells and have a thin fibrous cap, implicating the inflammatory response as a key regulator of plaque stability.3–5 Activated inflammatory cells within lesions, particularly activated macrophages, have been considered to be prime candidates for regulating plaque stability by releasing matrix-degrading enzymes and apoptosis-inducing factors. Although CD4+ T cells are a recognized component of vulnerable plaques,5 studies have primarily focused on activities of their associated Th1 cytokines that cause activation of macrophages and other vascular cells.6 However, analysis of CD4+ T cells from patients with acute coronary syndrome have shown these T cells acquire unique properties including antigen-independent cytolytic capabilities that can kill endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in vivo.7–9 In this issue of Circulation Research , trafficking of these CD4 T effector cells into lesions is also shown to be independent of antigen stimulation,10 thus rendering them dangerous as they elude normal tolerance control. Immune surveillance involves constant recirculation of lymphocytes through tissues. Naive T cells traffic from the blood into the secondary lymphoid organs and then back into the blood via the afferent lymph, a cycle that continues until such time that they recognize antigens for which their T cell receptors are specific. Once activated, the T cells proliferate, generating short-lived effector cells that can migrate to B cell areas or to inflamed tissues. When antigen challenge recedes, a fraction of the primed cells will persist as circulating memory cells, a state that on secondary antigen stimulation allows them to again …
A Preliminary Investigation of Ductility-Enhancement Mechanism through In Situ Nanofibrillation in Thermoplastic Matrix Composites

A preliminary investigation of interrelationships between tensile stress-strain characteristics and morphology evolution during deformation is conducted on a commercially available thermoplastic composite with a low-surface-energy nanofibrillating poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) additive. In this class of composites, the deformation-associated nanofibrillation of the low-surface-energy additive has been hypothesized to provide an additional dissipation mechanism, thereby enhancing the ductility of the composite. This class of composites offers potential for automotive light weighting in exterior and interior body and fascia applications; it is therefore of interest to investigate processing-structure-property interrelationships in these materials. This study specifically probes the interrelationships between the plastic deformation within the matrix and the fibrillation of the low-surface-energy additive; tensile tests are carried out at two different temperatures which are chosen so as to facilitate and suppress plastic deformation within the matrix polymer. Based on these preliminary investigations, it is noted that PTFE fibrillation acts synergistically with the ductile deformation of the matrix resin resulting in higher strains to failure of the composite; the results also suggest that the mechanism of fibrillation-assisted enhancement of strains to failure may not operate in the absence of matrix plasticity.
Beam loaded admittance in relativistic magnetrons

Starting with a circuit model form in − (g+jb)/Cω 0 = j 2/ω 0 [ω r (t) − Ω r + j(ω i (t) − Ω i ] is developed to describe the beam loaded admittance. In this equation, ω 0 = 1/√LC, the natural frequency of the unloaded oscillator. Ω r and Ω i are the real and imaginary parts of the cold tube complex frequency, Ω, while ω r and ω i are the real and imaginary portions of the hot tube complex frequency, ω. In this treatment, it is assumed that Ω = ω 0 to the lowest order. This result suggests that the instantaneous beam loaded admittance, g + jb, may be extracted from the output signal of the oscillator once the cold tube frequency and damping rates have been determined. This technique is used to analyze the behavior of a relativistic magnetron operating in the pi mode, simulated in MAGIC PIC. Application to experiments will be discussed.
Multibasis method for SIE solution

This paper outlines a highly efficient expansion function decomposition and solution for broadband surface integral equation based simulation. In this work, solenoidal and non-solenoidal bases are mapped to current-charge (CQ) sub-bases formed from the well known Rao-Wilton-Glissen (RWG) expansions. These CQ bases are then simultaneously transformed from multiple higher-level expansions resulting in what would generally be an overdetermined system of equations. To solve this overdetermined system, a modified matrix-vector product is introduced. Unlike related methods, such as tree-basis rearrangement (TBR) or Multiresolution (MR), accelerated convergence is shown to arise without need for a broad range of spatial sampling. To the author's knowledge this represents a new approach to such problems.
Recognition of seven spiritual identities and its implications on children

Seven spiritual identities are determined based on a study conducted on a group of 125 participants. The objective of the study was to examine (a) how spirituality is experienced individually and collectively; and (b) identify the commonalities and differences in spiritual experiences. The participants ranged in age from 17 to over 55, and were recruited from three sources. One group consisted of an on‐campus population of undergraduate students majoring in different disciplines. The second group consisted of faculty and students who attended annual seminars on ‘Spirituality and Children’. The third group consisted of participants at meetings and conferences who volunteered to participate in the study. Altogether they formed a self‐selected sample of 29 males and 96 females, representing different religious and non‐religious backgrounds. Based on the analysis seven spiritual identities are recognised and presented and broad classroom strategies for professionals working with children are discussed.
Application of the Robinson biodynamical theory to turbulence

Abstract In the late 1990s Allan Robinson developed a theory of NPZ interactions in a laminar upwelling flow field. His approach was to use the advection reaction (AR) equation in a Lagrangian coordinate system. Recently, his theory was extended to turbulent flow by applying a probability density function to the solution of the AR equation. A review of this work is presented as well as new work examining the role of the turbulent induced biodynamical interaction (TIBI) effect, which is typically neglected in advection diffusion reaction (ADR) formulations for NPZ problems. The TIBI effect is associated with turbulence inducing fluctuations in nonlinear biological constituent interactions and is separate from the effect of turbulent mixing in dispersing the constituents. A simple example of the application of the theory – that of nutrient and phytoplankton fields being upwelled into a uniform optically active turbulent mixed layer – is presented. For this example, not including the TIBI term in an ADR formulation results in an overestimate of the primary production, increasing with decreasing turbulent Peclet number.
Metabolomic profiling reveals a role for CPT1c in neuronal oxidative metabolism

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1c (CPT1c) is a neuron specific homologue of the carnitine acyltransferase family of enzymes. CPT1 isoenzymes transfer long chain acyl groups to carnitine. This constitutes a rate setting step for mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation by facilitating the initial step in acyl transfer to the mitochondrial matrix. In general, neurons do not heavily utilize fatty acids for bioenergetic needs and definitive enzymatic activity has been unable to be demonstrated for CPT1c. Although there are studies suggesting an enzymatic role of CPT1c, its role in neurochemistry remains elusive. In order to better understand how CPT1c functions in neural metabolism, we performed unbiased metabolomic profiling on wild-type (WT) and CPT1c knockout (KO) mouse brains. Consistent with the notion that CPT1c is not involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, there were no changes in metabolites associated with fatty acid oxidation. Endocannabinoids were suppressed in the CPT1c KO, which may explain the suppression of food intake seen in CPT1c KO mice. Although products of beta-oxidation were unchanged, small changes in carnitine and carnitine metabolites were observed. Finally, we observed changes in redox homeostasis including a greater than 2-fold increase in oxidized glutathione. This indicates that CPT1c may play a role in neural oxidative metabolism. Steady-state metabolomic analysis of CPT1c WT and KO mouse brains identified a small number of metabolites that differed between CPT1c WT and KO mice. The subtle changes in a broad range of metabolites in vivo indicate that CPT1c does not play a significant or required role in fatty acid oxidation; however, it could play an alternative role in neuronal oxidative metabolism.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Rabbit Aorta Studied by the Lanthanum Method for Measuring Cellular Calcium Influx

Lanthanum inhibits 45Ca efflux from internally injected squid axons. Evidence for La3+ blockade of Ca2+ fluxes across the cell membrane was also obtained for aortic smooth muscle: 1mM La3+ completely inhibited contractions which otherwise resulted from adding Ca2+ to calcium-free depolarizing solutions, and 2 mM La3+ caused a 50% inhibition of the late 45Ca efflux. Ca2+ bound extracellularly could be displaced by La3+, and the binding sites preferred La3+ over Ca2+. We could thus use La3+ to eliminate extracellular bound Ca2+ from our calcium-influx measurements as follows: after exposure of the aortic strips to experimental solutions labeled with 45Ca, the extracellular Ca2+ label was displaced by putting the strips in a calcium-free solution containing 2 mM La3+ for 60 minutes. The loss of intracellular Ca2+ was minimized during this hour by the La3+ blockade of Ca2+ membrane fluxes. Tissue weight, 45Ca, and total Ca2+ were then measured using standard techniques. Studies employing this new method showed that depolarization by high K+, Na+ replacement, and high pH activate smooth muscle contraction by stimulating Ca2+ influx. Low pH and La3+ block Ca2+ influx. Norepinephrine initiates aortic contractions by release of intracellularly sequestered Ca2+. Angiotensin and histamine appear to release Ca2+ from this same fraction.
A Genetic Approach to the Dissection of P Transposable Element Functions in Drosophila

We have made a P element derivative that carries the selectable marker gene rosy, but which acts like a non-defective, intact P element. When introduced into an M strain fly, this element continues to transpose autonomously within the genome, and elicits certain other characteristics of hybrid dysgenesis. By mutagenizing the P element in vitro, and assaying its activity in vivo, both singly and in combination with other P elements, we have tentatively identified the regions of the element encoding the transposase function. In addition, we have examined the pattern of poly (A) $^+$ transcripts encoded by P elements of natural P strains, and by our P element marked with rosy in transformed flies, and find two species that appear to be derived from non-defective elements, one of which may be the message for transposase.
Computation of cumulants of ARMA processes

Using the observable state-space realization corresponding to a given multi-input-multi-output autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, the authors derive closed-form and lag-recursive expressions for the cumulants of the output process. Their approach involves the computation of cumulants of vector processes, which they define compactly in terms of Kronecker products, and leads to a unified treatment of multichannel, time-varying and nonstationary processes. Computational aspects are discussed in detail. A new cumulant-based identification method is proposed in which the matrices of the SSM are first estimated and then transformed to ARMA parameters. >