cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parent–youth informant disagreement: Implications for youth anxiety treatment:

Greater parent-youth disagreement on youth symptomatology is associated with a host of factors (e.g., parental psychopathology, family functioning) that might impede treatment. Parent-youth disagreement may represent an indicator of treatment prognosis. Using data from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study, this study used polynomial regression and longitudinal growth modeling to examine whether parent-youth agreement prior to and throughout treatment predicted treatment outcomes (anxiety severity, youth functioning, responder status, and diagnostic remission, rated by an independent evaluator). When parents reported more symptoms than youth prior to treatment, youth were less likely to be diagnosis-free post-treatment; this was only true if the youth received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone, not if youth received medication, combination, or placebo treatment. Increasing concordance between parents and youth over the course of treatment was associated with better treatment outcomes across all outcome measures ( ps < .001). How parents and youth "co-report" appears to be an indicator of CBT outcome. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Low power-consumption mid-infrared distributed feedback quantum cascade laser for gas-sensing application

A low power-consumption distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) is developed for gas-sensing in 7 μm wavelength region. The threshold power-consumption was as low as 0.93 W with the sufficient output power of 20 mW at 20°C under continuous-wave condition. In addition, it maintained a single-mode operation between −40 and 50°C without a mode-hopping, leading to a total wavelength shift of 66 nm. This DFB-QCL would be suitable for gas-sensing application.
“What Should We Do with a Doctor Here?”: Medical Authority in Austen’s Sanditon

From Jane Bennet’s “little trifling cold” in Pride and Prejudice to the recovery of Anne Eliot’s healthful “bloom” in Persuasion, each of Austen’s six major novels features an instance of sickness,...
An Efficient Method of Determining Operating Points of Droop-Controlled Microgrids

Traditional methods of determining steady-state power system operating points are not applicable to droop-controlled microgrids. The conditions of an islanded microgrid, including the absence of a slack bus and inherent coupling of complex power, frequency, and bus voltage, require new tools to properly analyze. In this study, a method of determining the operating points of droop-controlled microgrids is proposed. The procedure is similar in form and function to a traditional power flow analysis, but is performed in the synchronous reference frame to ensure compatibility with conventional inverter models. A quasi-Newton iterative process is used to solve the nonlinear equations pertaining to each generation unit and load bus. The method provides a structured approach to determining the consistent system-level linearization points required for large-scale microgrid studies. Grid-forming, grid-feeding, and grid-supporting generation units are supported, along with both constant impedance and constant power loads. The method is validated in hardware experiments, simulations, and comparisons to results of existing power flow algorithms. As an example of the method's potential applications, a procedure for determining droop constants that ensure equal Q sharing between generation units is constructed around the proposed method's basic functionality.
Serotonergic Modulation Enables Pathway-Specific Plasticity in a Developing Sensory Circuit in Drosophila

Summary How experiences during development cause long-lasting changes in sensory circuits and affect behavior in mature animals are poorly understood. Here we establish a novel system for mechanistic analysis of the plasticity of developing neural circuits by showing that sensory experience during development alters nociceptive behavior and circuit physiology in Drosophila larvae. Despite the convergence of nociceptive and mechanosensory inputs on common second-order neurons (SONs), developmental noxious input modifies transmission from nociceptors to their SONs, but not from mechanosensors to the same SONs, which suggests striking sensory pathway specificity. These SONs activate serotonergic neurons to inhibit nociceptor-to-SON transmission; stimulation of nociceptors during development sensitizes nociceptor presynapses to this feedback inhibition. Our results demonstrate that, unlike associative learning, which involves inputs from two sensory pathways, sensory pathway-specific plasticity in the Drosophila nociceptive circuit is in part established through feedback modulation. This study elucidates a novel mechanism that enables pathway-specific plasticity in sensory systems. Video Abstract
Capital Cities and Urban Form in Pre-modern China: Luoyang, 1038 BCE to 938 CE

Luoyang, situated in present-day Henan province, was one of the great urban centres of pre-Qin and early imperial China, the favoured site for dynastic capitals for almost two millennia. This book, the first in any Western language on the subject, traces the rise and fall of the six different capital cities in the region which served eleven different dynasties from the Western Zhou dynasty, when the first capital city made its appearance in Luoyang, to the great Tang dynasty, when Luoyang experienced a golden age. It examines the political histories of these cities, explores continuity and change in urban form with a particular focus on city layouts and landmark buildings, and discusses the roles of religions, especially Buddhism, and illustrious city residents. Overall the book provides an accessible survey of a broad sweep of premodern Chinese urban history.
Cuatro principios transversales para poner a trabajar a Bourdieu

This article spotlights four transversal principles that animate Pierre Bourdieu’s research practice and can fruitfully guide inquiry on any empirical front: the Bachelardian imperative of epistemological rupture and vigilance; the Weberian command to effect the triple historicization of the agent (habitus), the world (social space, of which field is but a subtype), and the categories of the analyst (epistemic reflexivity); the Leibnizian-Durkheimian invitation to deploy the topological mode of reasoning to track the mutual correspondences between symbolic space, social space, and physical space; and the Cassirer moment urging us to recognize the constitutive efficacy of symbolic structures. I also flag three traps that Bourdieusian explorers of the social world should exercise special care to avoid: the fetishization of concepts, the seductions of “speaking Bourdieuse” while failing to carry out the research operations Bourdieu’s notions stipulate, and the forced imposition of his theoretical framework en bloc when it is more productively used in kit through transposition. These principles guiding the construction of the object are not theoretical slogans but practical blueprints for anthropological inquiry. This implies that mimesis and not exegesis should guide those social scientists who wish to build on, revise or challenge the scientific machinery and legacy of Pierre Bourdieu.
Bringing the (disabled) body to personality psychology: A case study of Samantha.

Objective Personality psychology has largely ignored the experiences of people with disabilities. This article strives to bring the thriving, interdisciplinary field of disability studies to personality psychology via a case study of Samantha (N = 1). Samantha feels that she grew up as a hearing person who could not hear and is now a deaf person who can hear. Method Narrative identity provides the theoretical, methodological, and analytical framework for the rich, qualitative examination of Samantha's life story, interwoven with approaches from disability studies and intersectionality theory. Two Life Story Interviews (McAdams, 2008), conducted 2 weeks prior to Samantha's cochlear implant surgery and again 7 weeks after the surgery, provide the foundation for this case study and are interpreted alongside additional self-report measures. Grounded theory methods were used to interpret Samantha's narrative identity. Results Samantha's story demonstrates the ways in which narrative identity can serve as a foundation for meaning and psychological well-being, as well as a demonstration of the ways in which the study of identity can be enriched by perspectives from disability studies. Conclusions As an initial effort at integrating personality psychology and disability studies, this article sought to approach this task by privileging ethical representation over generalizability.
Changes in Self-Reported Concussion History after Administration of a Novel Concussion History Questionnaire in Collegiate Recreational Student-Athletes.

Research has shown that exposure to a concussion definition (CD) increases self-reported concussion history (SRCH) immediately, however, no research has been performed that examines the effects of exposure to a CD on SRCH over time. Collegiate recreational student-athletes (RSAs) have limited access to monitoring and supervision by medical staff. As such, recognition of concussion symptoms and need for medical management oftentimes falls upon the RSA. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a novel questionnaire on the SRCH of RSAs. A two-part questionnaire was sent to RSAs participating is sports with a greater than average risk of concussion at a university in Arizona. Data from 171 RSAs were analyzed to assess the change in RSAs’ suspected concussion estimates pre- and post-exposure to a CD and concussion symptom worksheet, as well as over the short-term (2.5 months). Approximately one-third of RSAs reported an increase in suspected concussion estimates immediately following exposure to the questionnaire, but the change was not maintained over the short-term. The results suggest that a single exposure to a CD is ineffective at increasing short-term SRCH estimates.
Pregnenolone-progesterone-allopregnanolone pathway as a potential therapeutic target in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract Neurosteroids are both endogenous and exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interactions with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors. They are originated from cholesterol and have important implications for schizophrenia (SZ) pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Specifically, pregnenolone (PREG), progesterone (PROG) and allopregnanolone (ALLO) exhibit similar psychotropic properties. Using enzyme immunoassay, we compared the neurosteroids in PREG downstream pathways in plasma between healthy controls (HC, n = 43) and first-episode antipsychotic-naive patients with SZ (FEAN-SZ, n = 53) before antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment. Comparisons were also made particularly along PREG-PROG-ALLO pathway in the same FEAN-SZ patients across multiple time points following initiation of treatment for 12 months (m). Firstly, at baseline, levels of PREG were significantly higher and those of ALLO were lower in FEAN-SZ than in HC, whereas PROG, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were not different. Consequently, the molar ratios of ALLO/PREG and ALLO/PROG in FEAN-SZ were significantly reduced. Secondly, in response to APD at 1 month, ALLO levels in FEAN-SZ were markedly elevated, whereas PREG and PROG levels decreased. Thirdly, among FEAN-SZ, lower levels of PROG (reflecting higher conversion to ALLO) at baseline may predict better therapeutic outcome after 1 month of APD treatment. These findings point to the perturbations of the PREG-PROG-ALLO pathway early in psychosis, and further study of this pathway may inform alternative and innovative therapeutic targets for SZ.
When your patient's parent asks: "My child's alopecia areata is not getting better. Should he or she get tested for celiac disease?"

The relationship between alopecia areata and celiac disease has been suspected for more than 20 years. For a particular individual with alopecia areata, the risk of coexisting celiac disease and the potential benefit of a gluten-free diet on hair loss or regrowth is known. Despite this limited information, patients often aske dermatologists whether they should undergo celiac disease testing or begin a gluten-free diet. We reviewed all available studies of the relationship between alopecia areata and celiac disease to provide guidance to practicing clinicians.
Small Ball Estimates for Gaussian Processes under Sobolev Type Norms

A sharp small ball estimate under Sobolev type norms is obtained for certain Gaussian processes in general and for fractional Brownian motions in particular. New method using the techniques in large deviation theory is developed for small ball estimates. As an application the Chung's LIL for fractional Brownian motions is given in this setting.
Melanoma with Neural Differentiation

Melanoma with neural differentiation is a peculiar form of spindle cell melanoma, closely related to desmoplastic melanoma and neurotropic melanoma. The particular characteristic of this entity is its histological similarity with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (neurofibrosarcoma). The term is best applied to lesions in which neural differentiation is the predominant finding. Alternative terms are neural transforming melanoma, neural or neuroid melanoma, and melanoma with neural metaplasia.
Morphological observations in mitochondrial diseases

Mitochondrial diseases have been described and classified mainly on the basis of clinical, biochemical and, since the late 1980's, molecular genetics criteria. A morphological approach has always been considered important for diagnostic purposes; moreover, the recent application of molecular genetic techniques, like in situ hybridization and single fibre PCR, to the study of muscle biopsies in patients with disorders of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has provided insight into the pathogenesis of respiratory chain enzyme deficiency at the level of individual muscle fiber.
Colony formation in Phaeocystis antarctica : connecting molecular mechanisms with iron biogeochemistry

Abstract. Phaeocystis antarctica is an important phytoplankter of the Ross Sea where it dominates the early season bloom after sea ice retreat and is a major contributor to carbon export. The factors that influence Phaeocystis colony formation and the resultant Ross Sea bloom initiation have been of great scientific interest, yet there is little known about the underlying mechanisms responsible for these phenomena. Here, we present laboratory and field studies on Phaeocystis antarctica grown under multiple iron conditions using a coupled proteomic and transcriptomic approach. P. antarctica had a lower iron limitation threshold than a Ross Sea diatom Chaetoceros sp., and at increased iron nutrition (> 120 pM Fe') a shift from flagellate cells to a majority of colonial cells in P. antarctica was observed, implying a role for iron as a trigger for colony formation. Proteome analysis revealed an extensive and coordinated shift in proteome structure linked to iron availability and life cycle transitions with 327 and 436 proteins measured as significantly different between low and high iron in strains 1871 and 1374, respectively. The enzymes flavodoxin and plastocyanin that can functionally replace iron metalloenzymes were observed at low iron treatments consistent with cellular iron-sparing strategies, with plastocyanin having a larger dynamic range. The numerous isoforms of the putative iron-starvation-induced protein (ISIP) group (ISIP2A and ISIP3) had abundance patterns coinciding with that of either low or high iron (and coincident flagellate or the colonial cell types in strain 1871), implying that there may be specific iron acquisition systems for each life cycle type. The proteome analysis also revealed numerous structural proteins associated with each cell type: within flagellate cells actin and tubulin from flagella and haptonema structures as well as a suite of calcium-binding proteins with EF domains were observed. In the colony-dominated samples a variety of structural proteins were observed that are also often found in multicellular organisms including spondins, lectins, fibrillins, and glycoproteins with von Willebrand domains. A large number of proteins of unknown function were identified that became abundant at either high or low iron availability. These results were compared to the first metaproteomic analysis of a Ross Sea Phaeocystis bloom to connect the mechanistic information to the in situ ecology and biogeochemistry. Proteins associated with both flagellate and colonial cells were observed in the bloom sample consistent with the need for both cell types within a growing bloom. Bacterial iron storage and B12 biosynthesis proteins were also observed consistent with chemical synergies within the colony microbiome to cope with the biogeochemical conditions. Together these responses reveal a complex, highly coordinated effort by P. antarctica to regulate its phenotype at the molecular level in response to iron and provide a window into the biology, ecology, and biogeochemistry of this group.
ErbB3 negatively regulates homeostatic Paneth cell numbers

Paneth cells (PCs) are located at the base of the intestinal crypt, where they support the intestinal stem cells (ISC) with growth factors and participate in innate immunity by secreting antimicrob...
Binding Efficacy and Thermogenic Efficiency of Pungent and Nonpungent Analogs of Capsaicin.

(1) Background: Capsaicin, a chief ingredient of natural chili peppers, enhances metabolism and energy expenditure and stimulates the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown fat activation to counter diet-induced obesity. Although capsaicin and its nonpungent analogs are shown to enhance energy expenditure, their efficiency to bind to and activate their receptor—transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1)—to mediate thermogenic effects remains unclear. (2) Methods: We analyzed the binding efficiency of capsaicin analogs by molecular docking. We fed wild type mice a normal chow or high fat diet (± 0.01% pungent or nonpungent capsaicin analog) and isolated inguinal WAT to analyze the expression of thermogenic genes and proteins. (3) Results: Capsaicin, but not its nonpungent analogs, efficiently binds to TRPV1, prevents high fat diet-induced weight gain, and upregulates thermogenic protein expression in WAT. Molecular docking studies indicate that capsaicin exhibits the highest binding efficacy to TRPV1 because it has a hydrogen bond that anchors it to TRPV1. Capsiate, which lacks the hydrogen bond, and therefore, does not anchor to TRPV1. (4) Conclusions: Long-term activation of TRPV1 is imminent for the anti-obesity effect of capsaicin. Efforts to decrease the pungency of capsaicin will help in advancing it to mitigate obesity and metabolic dysfunction in humans.
Practical design and implementation methods for Kalman filtering for mission critical applications

The SigmaRho Kalman filter is a new implementation useful for design and application in stressful real-time environments. This filter has been implemented in a satellite navigation receiver. This paper presents application of results of the new mechanization compared with the original matrix form of the Kalman filter and Bierman-Thornton UDUT-factored form. A sample problem from the signal processing area is presented with extreme time variation between samples. This problem, often referred to as software radio, requires estimation of signal phase changes in a repetitive signal (carrier) with additive noise where the digital sampling is at a rate well below the carrier repetition rate. The paper also demonstrates a computationally effective implementation of the SigmaRho filter using integer arithmetic. The implementation is successfully applied at sample rates approaching 100 MHz for a carrier at 1.5 GHz, demonstrating its potential as a signal processing tool for high-speed commercial applications.
Hybrid bag of approaches to characterize selection criteria for cohort identification

Objective The 2018 National NLP Clinical Challenge (2018 n2c2) focused on the task of cohort selection for clinical trials, where participating systems were tasked with analyzing longitudinal patient records to determine if the patients met or did not meet any of the 13 selection criteria. This article describes our participation in this shared task. Materials and methods We followed a hybrid approach combining pattern-based, knowledge-intensive, and feature weighting techniques. After preprocessing the notes using publicly available natural language processing tools, we developed individual criterion-specific components that relied on collecting knowledge resources relevant for these criteria and pattern-based and weighting approaches to identify "met" and "not met" cases. Results As part of the 2018 n2c2 challenge, 3 runs were submitted. The overall micro-averaged F1 on the training set was 0.9444. On the test set, the micro-averaged F1 for the 3 submitted runs were 0.9075, 0.9065, and 0.9056. The best run was placed second in the overall challenge and all 3 runs were statistically similar to the top-ranked system. A reimplemented system achieved the best overall F1 of 0.9111 on the test set. Discussion We highlight the need for a focused resource-intensive effort to address the class imbalance in the cohort selection identification task. Conclusion Our hybrid approach was able to identify all selection criteria with high F1 performance on both training and test sets. Based on our participation in the 2018 n2c2 task, we conclude that there is merit in continuing a focused criterion-specific analysis and developing appropriate knowledge resources to build a quality cohort selection system.
Tensor transform-based quaternion fourier transform algorithm

We present a concept of the tensor representation of color images in quaternion algebra.We present concepts of direction components composing the color image.We propose a new method of the 2-D quaternion discrete Fourier transform (QDFT).We calculate the 2-D QDFT with minimum number of operations of multiplication.We examine the proposed method in RGB color image model. The traditional Fourier transform is a fundamental tool in signal and image processing, which in color imaging transforms images either in monochrome or as separate color channels, thereby ignoring interactions between the color channels. The quaternion discrete Fourier transform (QDFT), a generalization of the Fourier transform, represents the three color channels of an image in the RGB color space as a vector field in the quaternion arithmetic allowing for simultaneous analysis of all color data. It is expected that this new color imaging model which captures the interactions between the different color channels will improve upon existing image processing and recognition systems. Efficient QDFT algorithms are derived by combining classical DFT transforms, enabling standard fast Fourier transform (FFT) software to provide a fast QDFT numerical implementation. We developed an open-source quaternion Fourier transform tool that calculates the 2-D QDFT by the column-row method which is performed by calculating multiple 1-D QDFTs where each 1-D transform is calculated by two complex 1-D DFTs. The matrices involved in these calculations necessitate the inclusion of a discussion on symplectic decomposition. Our main contribution is the presentation a new algorithm for the tensor representation of the QDFT that is structurally simpler and uses less multiplications than its predecessors. For instance, for the images of size N i? N , where N = 2 r , r 2 , the tensor 2-D QDFT saves about 2 N 2 r real multiplications.
Towards optimizing cobalt based metal oxide nanocrystals for hydrogen generation via NaBH4 hydrolysis

Abstract Here, we evaluate H2 generation, via NaBH4 hydrolysis, for a rationally designed library of cobalt based metal oxide nanocrystals. Specifically, we developed highly surface active wusite cobalt oxide nanorods (wz-CoO-NRs) with varied dimensions through the thermal decomposition of cobalt oleate (Co-OL) and cobalt stearate (Co-ST) – yielding multiple ‘nail’ structures grown along (002) direction. The length of wz-CoO-NRs (from 30 to 200 nm) was controlled by the ratio of Co-OL to Co-ST, temperature ramp rate, and reaction time. Further, by adjusting oleic acid concentration (as a surfactant) and/or (other) metal co-precursors (e.g. iron oleate (Fe-OL) and nickel oleate (Ni-OL)), shape (e.g. nanorod to urchin-like, irregular cube, flower, or sphere), crystal structure(s), and composition (from wz-CoO to cubic type CoO (cu-CoO) or ferrite metal oxides (Fe3O4, CoFe2O4, and Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4)) were serially tuned. The library of cobalt based metal oxide nanocrystals was compared, as catalysts, for H2 generation via NaBH4 decomposition, and performance was observed to be a function of crystal length for wz-CoO-NRs. A maximum hydrogen production rate of 10,367 mL min−1 g−1 at 293 K with an activation energy of 27.4 kJ mol-1 was observed for 200 nm wz-CoO-NRs, which is among the lowest reported activation energies for this reaction. Enhanced reactivity is likely due to increased favorable surface chemistries (multiple catalytically active (002) sites on the edge of multiple nails) and lowered charge transfer energy for longer (e.g. 200 nm) wz-CoO-NRs.
PAD4 Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly Leading to NETosis

Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly are associated with a similar spectrum of disorders. We hypothesized that NLRP3 inflammasome may participate in NETosis. Using confocal microscopy, we observed the formation of ASC speck in stimulated neutrophils in the absence of infection, as well as the association of ASC speck with the released NETs. Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 4, a mediator of NETosis, was needed for optimal NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in neutrophils and rendered bone marrow–derived macrophages more susceptible to inflammasome formation, possibly by increasing NLRP3 and ASC protein levels. NLRP3 deficiency or specific inhibition by MCC950 resulted in significantly impaired NETosis, and time-lapse visualization revealed defects in nuclear envelope and plasma membrane breakdown. Our results reveal PAD-dependent formation of NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils and macrophages and implicate the NLRP3 inflammasome in NETosis.
Neuropsychiatric symptom profiles of community‐dwelling persons living with dementia: Factor structures revisited

Objectives Most persons living with dementia (PLWD) will develop neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) at some point. NPS are often clustered into subsyndromes with other related symptoms, but the evidence supporting commonly used clusters is insufficient. We reexamine behavioral clusters in community-dwelling PLWD and identify associated risk factors and potential contributors. Methods This study used baseline data from a longitudinal behavioral intervention study of 250 community-dwelling older adults with dementia and their caregivers. Using exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis [PCA]), the factor structure of NPS frequency scores of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-C) was evaluated. Multiple linear regressions assessed the association of the derived behavioral clusters with caregiver burden, caregiver depression, and quality of life of the PLWD. Results PCA yielded eight behavioral clusters (factors): 1 = Aggression/Rejection of Care, 2 = Apathy/Withdrawal, 3 = Restlessness/Agitation, 4 = Anxiety, 5 = Impulsivity/Disinhibition, 6 = Psychosis, 7 = Circadian Disturbance, and 8 = Depression. In multiple linear regressions, caregiver burden was significantly influenced by the anxiety cluster, caregiver depression was significantly influenced by the apathy/withdrawal cluster, and quality of life of the PLWD was significantly associated with the anxiety and circadian disturbance clusters. Conclusions Our eight derived behavioral clusters suggest that commonly accepted clusters of NPS may not reflect the clinical reality for community-dwelling PLWD. Behavioral clusters appear to differentially impact and put caregivers and PLWD at risk such that personalized intervention strategies are warranted. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:-, 2020.
Fighting fake news: Inspiring critical thinking with memorable learning experiences

Despite fake news having a long and notorious history in the United States, it seemed like a brand-new phenomenon to many people during the 2016 presidential campaign. Four years later, we continue to grapple with the understanding that the fake news issue is a symptom of a perfect storm of political polarization, shifting U.S. demographics, labor market upheaval, the proliferation of social media use, foreign interference, and normal human psychology. With no clear solutions in sight, the battle against fake news continues. Fake news has many troubling implications for life outside of the academy, but it also has serious consequences for student learning. From the perspective of undergraduate students, it may seem that in this post-truth era, anyone with a cellphone can create news, journalists have ulterior motives, news organizations cannot be trusted, debate centers on reaffirming one’s worldview, and nothing is knowable because there is always evidence on both sides of an argument. Despite this, we believe learning experiences designed to be memorable can change students’ perspectives and make a lasting impression.
Projecting Changes to Coastal and Estuarine Ecosystem Goods and Services—Models and Tools

Coasts and estuaries provide an abundance of ecosystem goods and services (EGS) to humans worldwide. Models that track the supply, demand, and change in EGS within these ecosystems provide valuable insights that have applications in the context of land-use planning, decision-making, and coastal community engagement. However, developing models for use in coastal and estuarine ecosystems is challenging given the multitude and variability of potential input variables, largely due to their dynamic nature and extensive use. Models that can incorporate scenarios of environmental change to forecast changes in EGS endpoints are highly valuable to decision-makers, but only a minor proportion of available EGS models offer this utility. In this chapter, we describe the domain of models most useful to coastal decision-makers, present models at multiple scales that can predict EGS changes, and examine specific examples that epitomize this utility. We also highlight common difficulties in modeling coastal and estuarine EGS and propose suggestions for integrating EGS models into the coastal management decision-making process during times of increasing environmental change.
Counterstory: The Rhetoric and Writing of Critical Race Theory: Aja Y. Martinez. Champaign, IL: NCTE, 2020. 201 pages. $34.99 paperback.

A long lineage of Women of Color (WOC) feminists illustrates how, despite academia’s insistence on “bifurcate[ing] life into neat categories—scholar, Chicana, mother, or activist,” in the lived exp...
The Global Comrades of Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science: Placing May Fourth in a Transnational History of Science Activism

Abstract The May Fourth movement is widely recognized as a watershed within Chinese cultural and political history, but it was also a significant local episode within a global history of science ac...
A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: The Unilateral Executive and the Separation of Powers

This article considers executive power relative to the implied confines of the separation of powers doctrine. The goal of this article is to consider whether the separation of powers may surreptitiously veil the extent of executive power. More specifically, this article considers the sources and legitimacy of unilateral executive action. In doing so five sources of support for such action are identified. These five sources include: (1) the unitary nature of the executive office, (2) implied executive powers under the Constitution, (3) executive tools such as signing statements, executive orders, and executive agreements, (4) supportive legislation, and (5) the marginalization of the legislative and judicial branches of government. Overall, I argue that unilateral action is a principal component of modern executive power and is a constitutional necessity. I also argue that political parties have the potential to marginalize the legislature and judiciary. This marginalization, in turn, can greatly increase executive power and may thereby tip the balance of power among our three branches of government. Ultimately, in the face of augmented executive power we may appear closer to an autocracy than it is comfortable to acknowledge.
Optimal Integration of Renewables, Flexible Carbon Capture, and Energy Storage for Reducing CO2 emissions from Fossil Power Plants

Abstract Renewables can be used to supply the energy required for flexible CO2 capture from fossil-fueled power plants, which in turn can act as an indirect energy storage to counter the intermittency of renewable energy. To that end, we propose a simultaneous design and operation scheme for the integration of renewables with dynamically varied flexible CO2 capture connected to a fossil power plant. We develop a mixed integer linear program (MILP) to determine investment decisions for the integrated system in face of its high capital cost and the spatio-temporal variability of renewables. We also formulate a two-stage solution strategy to solve the resulting large-scale model by decoupling the design and time-dependent operational decisions. This framework is demonstrated through a nationwide case-study on coal power plants across the US.
Personal vs. organizational cost benefit analyses in the creative adoption decision process

Adopting and implementing creative ideas entails costs as well as benefits. These costs fall on the organizational receivers of creative ideas who put them into action through development, champion...
Bio-inspired strategies for next-generation perovskite solar mobile power sources.

Smart electronic devices are becoming ubiquitous due to many appealing attributes including portability, long operational time, rechargeability and compatibility with the user-desired form factor. Integration of mobile power sources (MPS) based on photovoltaic technologies with smart electronics will continue to drive improved sustainability and independence. With high efficiency, low cost, flexibility and lightweight features, halide perovskite photovoltaics have become promising candidates for MPS. Realization of these photovoltaic MPS (PV-MPS) with unconventionally extraordinary attributes requires new ‘out-of-box’ designs. Natural materials have provided promising designing solutions to engineer properties under a broad range of boundary conditions, ranging from molecules, proteins, cells, tissues, apparatus to systems in animals, plants, and humans optimized through billions of years of evolution. Applying bio-inspired strategies in PV-MPS could be biomolecular modification on crystallization at the atomic/meso-scale, bio-structural duplication at the device/system level and bio-mimicking at the functional level to render efficient charge delivery, energy transport/utilization, as well as stronger resistance against environmental stimuli (e.g., self-healing and self-cleaning). In this review, we discuss the bio-inspired/-mimetic structures, experimental models, and working principles, with the goal of revealing physics and bio-microstructures relevant for PV-MPS. Here the emphasis is on identifying the strategies and material designs towards improvement of the performance of emerging halide perovskite PVs and strategizing their bridge to future MPS.
G6PD deficiency sensitizes metastasizing melanoma cells to oxidative stress and glutaminolysis

The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of NADPH for oxidative stress resistance in cancer cells but there is limited insight into its role in metastasis, when some cancer cells experience high levels of oxidative stress. To test this, we mutated the substrate binding site of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which catalyzes the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway, in patient-derived melanomas. G6PD mutant melanomas had significantly decreased G6PD enzymatic activity and depletion of intermediates in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. Reduced G6PD function had little effect on the formation of primary subcutaneous tumors but when these tumors spontaneously metastasized the frequency of circulating melanoma cells in the blood and metastatic disease burden were significantly reduced. G6PD mutant melanomas exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased NADPH levels, and depleted glutathione as compared to control melanomas. G6PD mutant melanomas compensated for this increase in oxidative stress by increasing the production of NADPH through glutaminolysis. This generated a new metabolic vulnerability as G6PD mutant melanomas were more dependent upon glutamine as compared to control melanomas. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and compensatory glutaminolysis thus confer layered protection against oxidative stress during metastasis. SignificanceMelanoma metastasis is limited by oxidative stress. Cells that enter the blood experience high levels of ROS and usually die of ferroptosis. We found that melanoma cells become more dependent upon the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway to manage oxidative stress during metastasis. When pentose phosphate pathway function was disabled by G6PD mutation, the melanoma cells increased their utilization of malic enzyme, fueled by increased consumption of glutamine in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Melanoma cells thus have redundant and layered protection against oxidative stress.
Hydrodynamic Trends for Preliminary Design of Fully Cavitating Hydrofoil Sections

The object of this numerical study is to consider possible hydrodynamic trends for use in trade-off studies for the preliminary design of fully cavitating hydrofoil sections. Hydrodynamic data are obtained from inverse calculations which are based upon two-dimensional linearized cavity-flow theory. Supplementary data are also calculated from the direct problem of linearized cavity-flow theory in order to show off-design performance trends and to assess the effects of cavity-foil interference on the operating range of selected profiles. For the inverse calculations one specifies design values of the lift coefficient, cavitation number, and cavity thickness at the trailing edge, as well as the shape of the pressure distribution on the wetted surface of the hydrofoil section. In accordance with this specification, the ordinates of the profile wetted surface and upper-cavity contour are calculated, together with values of drag coefficient, moment coefficient and attack angle at the design point. The paper summarizes the results of a parametric study of the effects of design cavitation number, lift coefficient, cavity thickness, and pressure distribution shape upon hydrofoil section performance and geometry. Three-dimensional wing effects, viscous drag, and the effects of structural design criteria are all outside the scope of the study. Results pertaining to steady two-dimensional cavity flows of an ideal incompressible fluid past a rigid hydrofoil section are presented.
Photodissociation, Short-Lived Intermediates, and Charge Transfer Phenomena in Liquids

It is the competition between a variety of chemical and physical channels for energy decay which determine the evolution of a molecular system.
Abstract P192: Healthy Eating Index and Metabolically Healthy Obesity in U.S. Adolescents and Adults

Purpose: Studies of dietary intake between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) cardiometabolic profiles have been limited to macronutrient and micronutrient composition in postmenopausal women. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine whether diet quality, measured by total and component Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005), is different between MHO and MAO in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Data from two National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2008; 2010-2011) were used to identify 133 obese (≥85th BMI %tile) adolescents 12-18 years, and 1164 obese (≥30kg/m2) adults 19-85 years. Adolescents and adults were classified as MAO if they had ≥2 cardiometabolic risk factors (adults: blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL-C men Results: MHO adolescents (n=45; 72%) had better quality diets as indicated by a higher total HEI-2005 score compared with MAO (MHO vs. MAO, mean ± SE; p-value for difference: 55.2 ± 1.2 vs. 47.8 ± 2.6; p=0.005), higher milk scores (5.2 ± 0.4 vs. 3.5 ± 0.7; p=0.03), and higher scores from calories from solid fats, alcohol beverages, and added sugars (SoFAAS) (15.5 ± 0.7 vs. 11.6 ± 1.0, p=0.007). The SoFAAS component score is reverse coded where a higher score indicates better adherence to diet recommendations ( Conclusion: MAO and MHO cardiometabolic profiles are characterized by differences in HEI-2005 total and component scores, though these differ by age group. Results suggest potential intervention targets which may improve cardiometabolic risk within obesity.
LATE NIGHT THOUGHTS ON THE COSMIC SELF–NEW AND OLD: A REFLECTION ON THE COSMIC SELF:

. Responding to Ted Peters's The Cosmic Self, the author finds parallels and dissonances between New Age assertions and traditional mysticism, East and West. The comprehensive consciousness and interconnectedness of life are addressed by various mysticisms in their search for spiritual realities. However, many of the most recent movements are distinguished by superficiality.
PLT and ISX neutral beam injectors

Six high power (40 keV--60 A) injection systems, four for PLT (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory) and two for ISX (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) tokamaks, have been developed, fabricated, and operated. Each injector delivers 750 kW (1000 kW) of H (D) neutral power to the tokamak plasma. An in-depth system parameter study has revealed unique features: high atomic yield (approximately 85%), improved ion optics due to a preacceleration technique, near steady-state operation (up to 500 msec), and a possible technique to control species yield. Routine operation includes high duty cycle (approximately 10%), long filament lifetime (several months), high arc efficiency, and the reliability necessary for application on a fusion device. The program status and injection parameters will be discussed.
Interpolation Models for Spatiotemporal Association Mining

In this paper, we investigate interpolation methods that are suitable for discovering spatiotemporal association rules for unsampled sites with a focus on drought risk management problem. For drought risk management, raw weather data is collected, converted to various indices, and then mined for association rules. To generate association rules for the unsampled sites, interpolation methods can be applied at any stage of this data mining process. We develop and integrate three interpolation models into our association rule mining algorithm. We call them pre-order, in-order and post-order interpolation models. The performance of these three models is experimentally evaluated comparing the interpolated association rules with the rules discovered from actual raw data based on two metrics, precision and recall. Our experiments show that the post-order interpolation model provides the highest precision among the three models, and the Kriging method in the pre-order interpolation model presents the highest recall.
The Agrobacterium Ti Plasmids.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen with the capacity to deliver a segment of oncogenic DNA carried on a large plasmid called the tumor-inducing or Ti plasmid to susceptible plant cells. A. tumefaciens belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria, whose members include other plant pathogens (Agrobacterium rhizogenes), plant and insect symbionts (Rhizobium spp. and Wolbachia spp., respectively), human pathogens (Brucella spp., Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp.), and nonpathogens (Caulobacter crescentus, Rhodobacter sphaeroides). Many species of Alphaproteobacteria carry large plasmids ranging in size from ∼100 kb to nearly 2 Mb. These large replicons typically code for functions essential for cell physiology, pathogenesis, or symbiosis. Most of these elements rely on a conserved gene cassette termed repABC for replication and partitioning, and maintenance at only one or a few copies per cell ( 1 ). The subject of this review is the ∼200-kb Ti plasmids carried by infectious strains of A. tumefaciens. We will summarize the features of this plasmid as a representative of the repABC family of megaplasmids. We will also describe novel features of this plasmid that enable A. tumefaciens cells to incite tumor formation in plants, sense and respond to an array of plant host and bacterial signal molecules, and maintain and disseminate the plasmid among populations of agrobacteria. At the end of this review, we will describe how this natural genetic engineer has been adapted to spawn an entire industry of plant biotechnology and review its potential for use in future therapeutic applications of plant and nonplant species.
Treatment Integrity and Differential Treatment Effects

Bhar and Beck (2009) examined the extent to which treatment integrity procedures were implemented in studies comparing psychoanalytic psychotherapies and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Consistent with other reports on attention to treatment integrity in psychotherapy research, the authors noted that most of the evaluated studies did not adequately implement treatment integrity procedures. This highlights methodological neglect of treatment integrity and a need to amend errors in monitoring the independent variables under investigation. This commentary considers how Bhar and Beck’s investigation affects the dodo bird verdict that all psychotherapies are presumed to be of equal efficacy. Further, ways to examine the treatment integrity of process-oriented treatments (e.g., humanistic, psychoanalytic) are discussed.
Mathematical foundations of interconnected J-K flip-flops

A new mathematical object, an n -counter, is defined. An n -counter is a specific type of clock. It is shown that the outputs of an n -counter are determined by its inputs and an easily computed matrix M . Also associated with an n -counter is a transformation N , which determines each output from the preceding one. The specific form that N can take is determined. N is easily computed from M and vice versa. The graph of an n -counter is defined. An n -counter is shown to be cyclic if there is an i so that N i = I . A special class of n -counters of type A is defined. The group of an n -counter is defined. This notion is used to classify all 2-counters of type A and all linear 3-counters of type A . Constraints are derived for the possible order of a cyclic affine n -counter.
Effect of paraquat on soybean pathogens and tissues

Alternaria sp., Colletotrichumdematium var. truncatum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Phomopsis sp., isolated from soybean ( Glycine max ) seeds, differed in tolerance to paraquat as measured by mycelial production, linear mycelial growth, spore germination and glucose consumption. Alternaria sp. was most sensitive to paraquat; Phomopsis sp. least sensitive with M. phaseolina being intermediate. The growth of C. dematium var. truncatum was variable. Colonization by M. phaseolina and Phomopsis sp. of soybean stem pieces treated with different concentrations of paraquat and then surface sterilized, was inhibited and stimulated, respectively. Paraquattreated soybean pods released electrolytes and amino acids. These results are discussed in relation to the occurrence of C. dematium var. truncatum and Phomopsis sp. on soybeans sprayed with paraquat in the field and the use of paraquat in the laboratory for the detection of latent colonization by these and other fungi.