cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interconversion of nonpolar phonons and Josephson plasma oscillations induced by equilibrium Josephson currents in high-T c superconductors

We analyze consequences of dynamical modulations of Josephson current by non-polar lattice mode in the Josephson junction barrier. In the high $T_c$ junctions, the effect of such modulations can be anomalously strong due to the proximity of the insulating barrier to the superconducting state. Accordingly, the interconversion of sound (as well as other non-polar phonons) and the Josephson plasma oscillations mediated by stationary Josephson currents, which may be present in the junction due to various reasons, becomes possible. We suggest that this effect can be employed for imaging of the stationary Josephson currents. Estimates of the effect are given.
An engineered blockage within the ammonia tunnel of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase prevents the use of glutamine as a substrate but not ammonia.

The heterodimeric carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two molecules of ATP. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine within the small amidotransferase subunit and then transfers ammonia to the two active sites within the large subunit. These three active sites are connected via an intermolecular tunnel, which has been located within the X-ray crystal structure of CPS from E. coli. It has been proposed that the ammonia intermediate diffuses through this molecular tunnel from the binding site for glutamine within the small subunit to the phosphorylation site for bicarbonate within the large subunit. To provide experimental support for the functional significance of this molecular tunnel, residues that define the interior walls of the "ammonia tunnel" within the small subunit were targeted for site-directed mutagenesis. These structural modifications were intended to either block or impede the passage of ammonia toward the large subunit. Two mutant proteins (G359Y and G359F) display kinetic properties consistent with a constriction or blockage of the ammonia tunnel. With both mutants, the glutaminase and bicarbonate- dependent ATPase reactions have become uncoupled from one another. However, these mutant enzymes are fully functional when external ammonia is utilized as the nitrogen source but are unable to use glutamine for the synthesis of carbamoyl-P. These results suggest the existence of an alternate route to the bicarbonate phosphorylation site when ammonia is provided as an external nitrogen source.
Lack of phlorotannin induction in the kelp Laminaria hyperborea in response to grazing by two gastropod herbivores

Phlorotannins (polyphenolic compounds) are found exclusively in brown algae and are commonly regarded as an important component of algal defense against herbivores. The variation in phlorotannin concentration within and among individual seaweed specimens of the same species can be substantial, and seaweeds may respond to herbivore damage by an increased production of phlorotannins in order to prevent further herbivory. In the present study, we investigated the natural variation of phlorotannins in different parts of the kelp Laminariahyperborea in an observational field survey. We also performed a manipulative induction experiment in which we studied the effect of natural grazing by the patellid limpet Ansates (=Helcion) pellucida and the littorinid snail Lacunavincta, as well as artificial damage on the production of phlorotannins in L. hyperborea. There was a large variation in phlorotannin content both among and within L. hyperborea individuals and populations. The control plants in the induction experiment had a higher phlorotannin content compared to plants in natural populations, but grazing by A. pellucida or L. vincta, or artificial damage did not induce a higher phlorotannin concentration in the kelps. Instead, the phlorotannin content in wounded kelps was significantly lower than in the control plants, possibly due to removal of phlorotannin-rich outer layers of the kelp thallus, or to an induced compensatory growth response in the L. hyperborea plants. These results imply that L. hyperborea phlorotannins probably do not function as an inducible chemical defense against A. pellucida and L. vincta, instead grazing by these herbivores decreases the phlorotannin content of the kelps.
Directional solidification of a binary alloy with deformed melt-crystal interface and hydromagnetic effects

Abstract Asymptotic analysis of unidirectional solidification of a binary alloy in the presence of buoyancy and magnetohydrodynamic effects is done for small segregation coefficient and long wave disturbances. We derive an evolution equation which governs the cellular structure of the melt-crystal interface and the binary alloy. This equation incorporates coupled morphological-convective instabilities, buoyancy and hydromagnetic effects. The presence of a vertical magnetic field can promote the onset of cellular structure due to morphological instabilities and leads to an effective segregation which is smaller than the corresponding one in the absence of the vertical magnetic field.
A Molecular Trajectory of α-Actinin Activation

The mechanisms by which living cells respond to mechanical stimuli are not yet fully understood. It has been suggested that mechanosensing proteins play an important role in mechanotransduction because their binding affinities are directly affected by the external stress. α-Actinin is an actin cross-linker and may act as a mechanosensor in adhesion sites. Its interaction with vinculin is suggested to be mechanically regulated. In this study, the free energy of activation is explored using the umbrella sampling method. An activation trajectory is generated in which α-actinin’s vinculin-binding site swings out of the rod domain, leading to approximately an 8 kcal/mol free energy release. The activation trajectory reveals several local and global conformational changes along the activation pathway accompanied by the breakage of a number of key interactions stabilizing the inhibited structure. These results may shed light on the role of α-actinin in cellular mechanotransduction and focal adhesion formation.
43 Why G? Aggregation and gelation of GMP with XMP: the plot thickens

GMP alone, among the individual ribonucleotides, exhibits a reversible self-aggregation through hydrogen bonding to form tetrads that are the building blocks of higher order structures. These “G-tetrads” can further associate through π–π stacking to form chiral, columnar aggregates and, at higher monomer concentrations, lyotropic liquid crystalline phases. This alternate pathway for GMP should compete with its incorporation into oligonucleotides, which is why it is difficult to synthesize or amplify highly G-rich RNA or DNA with good efficiency in the absence of natural proteins, such as helicases, that function to unwind the strands. Given this competing pathway for GMP, we can ask if it came to be one of the four ribonucleotides in modern RNA in spite of, or because of, its unique properties. Our hypothesis is that the competition between reversible aggregation and covalent polymerization directed RNA toward sequences that were best suited to life on early earth. We find support in the observation that ...
The mind of the dyslexic

Dyslexia—the failure of apparently normal youngsters to become skilled readers after instruction which was apparently effective for their peers—clearly has something to do with the mental activities of these children. This paper reviews the findings from the past quarter-century of research on human information-processing, and proposes some hypoth eses about the mind of the dyslexic. I will begin with a brief comment on the public image of dyslexia, and equally brief remarks summarizing current literature on the nature, causes, and remedies for this syndrome. I will then present the review of cognitive psychology, and reconsider the syndrome of dyslexia from the perspective provided by this review.
Cognitive Techniques with Couples and Families

In the last decade, theorists and practitioners have become Increasingly optimistic about integrating various components of divergent schools of thought in the area of couples and family therapy. This article familiarizes the reader with cognitive therapy and proposes it as an integrable component with other modalities of treatment when working with couples and families.
PTSD diagnosis and treatment for mental health clinicians

This article focuses on four issues: PTSD assessment, treatment approaches, therapist issues, and current controversies. Important assessment issues include the trauma history, comorbid disorders, and chronicity of PTSD. Effective intervention for acute trauma usually requires a variant of critical incident stress debriefing. Available treatments for chronic PTSD include group, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and pharmacological therapy. Therapist self-care is essential when working with PTSD patients since this work may be functionally disruptive and psychologically destabilizing. Current controversies include advocacy vs. therapeutic neutrality, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), the so-called false memory syndrome, and the legitimacy of complex PTSD as a unique diagnostic entity.
STUDIES OF REGRESSION OF ADVANCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AND MAN

In general, the results to date in humans and experimental animals seem to indicate that substantial regression of advanced atherosclerosis is possible. The results also indicate that the advanced atherosclerotic lesions are much more likely to respond favorably if the serum cholesterol concentrations are reduced to the minimum that prevails in animals or people who consume a low-fat low-cholesterol diet. In human subjects and in rhesus monkeys, this value appears to be about 150 mg%. Under these circumstances, much of the lipid disappears from the plaques, and the remaining fibrous tissue and cells appear to condense and undergo remodeling, as they do in fracture or wound healing. Additional effort will be required to ascertain how rapidly and how much of the fiber proteins and calcium can be removed from the advanced plaques and to work out methods that will consistently produce regression of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in human subjects. This goal would appear to be worth working toward. Interruption of progression of atherosclerosis appears to be more easily achieved, and it also would appear to be a worthwhile goal. The diagram that is reproduced as FIGURE 2 presents the multiple methods of intervention in atherosclerosis that are now available to the physician and to the patient. To those of us who look on atherosclerosis as an almost completely preventable disease and one that is largely reversible, the following quotation from the perceptive essay by Lewis Thomas seems to be prophetic and most appropriate. An extremely complex and costly technology for the management of coronary heart disease has evolved, involving specialized ambulances and hospital units, all kinds of electronic gadgetry and whole platoons of new professional personnel to deal with the end results of coronary thrombosis. Almost everything offered today for the treatment of heat disease is at this level of technology, with the transplatned and artificial hearts as ultimate examples. When enough has been learned for us to know what really goes wrong in heart disease, we ought to be in a position to figure out ways to prevent or reverse the process; and when this happens, the current elaborate technology will be set to one side.
Effect of Chronic Ethanol Administration on Protein Catabolism in Rat Liver

Hepatic protein catabolism was measured in rats which were pair-fed a liquid diet containing either ethanol or isocaloric maltose-dextrin (control diet). Within 12 days after initiation of pair feeding, the level of total hepatic protein in ethanol-fed rats was 26K higher than that in pair-fed control rats. During this time interval, the catabolic rates of both short-lived [3H]puromycin-labeled proteins and long-lived native [14C]bicarbonate-labeled proteins were measured In the two groups of animals. The degradation rate of short-lived [3H] puromycinyl proteins and peptides was the same in ethanol-fed and pair-fed control rats. However, the overall catabolic rate of long-lived proteins in rats fed the ethanol liquid diet for 2-10 days was 37-40% lower than that in pair-fed controls. This difference in protein turnover was not a general phenomenon, since the time-dependent decay of [14C]proteins in the hepatic microsome fraction of ethanol-fed rats was 33% slower than that in pair-fed controls, but the apparent rate of cytosolic protein catabolism was the same in both groups of animals. The differences in protein turnover did not reflect quantitative changes in lysosomal proteases since the activities of four hepatic lysosomal cathepsins were unaffected by alcohol administration. When rats were subjected to longer periods of pair feeding (16-25 days), the difference in overall hepatic protein catabolism between ethanol-fed rats and their pair-fed controls was considerably attenuated. Our findings indicate that during the early stages of pair-feeding, animals consuming ethanol showed a slower rate of degradation of long-lived hepatic proteins compared with pair-fed control rats. Since a significant determinant of cellular protein content is the rate of protein degradation, the results suggest that the lower rate of protein catabolism in ethanol-fed rats accounts for part of the net hepatic protein accumulation in these animals.
Suppression of immunological activities by mouse amniotic fluid.

Mouse amniotic fluid (MAF) was shown to be capable of suppressing those antibody responses observed in euthymic or athymic mouse spleen cell cultures to the T-independent antigens dinitrophenylated Ficoll (DNP-Ficoll) and trini-trophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and to the polyclonal B-cell activators LPS and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). Titration experiments demonstrated that the suppressive capacity of MAF for either LPS or DNP-Ficoll responses was maintained up to a MAF dilution of 1:120. Pre-incubation of spleen cells obtained from athymic mice with MAF for 8 h significantly suppressed polyclonal B-cell activation of such cells induced by LPS, although suppression was greater when MAF was present during the entire culture period. In addition, the suppressive activity that MAF demonstrated for antibody production induced by DNP-Ficoll or LPS was not lost as a result of dialysis. MAF also suppressed the secondary in vitro prolixferative responses of lymph node cells sensitized to the T-dependent antigen human gamma globulin (HGG). HGG-induced proliferation of such cells appeared to be more susceptible to suppression effected by MAF than concanavalin-A-induced proliferation.
A dynamic model for the design of methanol to hydrogen steam reformers for transportation applications

As an aid to improving the dynamic response of the steam reformer, a dynamic model is developed to provide preliminary characterizations of the major constraints that limit the ability of a reformer to respond to the varying output requirements occurring in vehicular applications. This model is a first principles model that identifies important physical parameters in the steam reformer. The model is then incorporated into a design optimization process, where minimum steam reformer response time is specified as the objective function. This tool is shown to have the potential to be a powerful means of determining the values of the steam reformer design parameters that yield the fastest response time to a step input in hydrogen demand for a given set of initial conditions. A more extensive application of this methodology, yielding steam reformer design recommendations, is contained in a related publication.
Association of trisomy 18 with hepatoblastoma and its implications.

Hepatoblastoma is a highly malignant embryonal liver tumor that occurs almost exclusively in infants and toddlers. Trisomy 18 is the second most common autosomal trisomy after trisomy 21 and is generally considered a lethal disorder. Ten cases of hepatoblastoma in children with trisomy 18 have been published to date. Here, we report on two female patients with trisomy 18 and pretreatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) stage 1 hepatoblastoma, which support the presence of a nonrandom association between hepatoblastoma and trisomy 18. Both patients underwent primary surgical resection without any neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. The histologies returned as pure fetal epithelial type, and combined fetal and embryonal epithelial type. There was no evidence of recurrence on serial abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels on follow-up. Conclusion: Primary surgical resection is a treatment approach that can be considered in children with trisomy 18 and PRETEXT stage 1 tumor. However, in view of the overall prognosis for trisomy 18, the decision on the optimal treatment is a delicate one and has to be individualized in the context of the best interests of the child.
A Combined Alkaline Phosphatase-Pas Staining Method

Gomori's calcium phosphate method for alkaline phosphatase has been combined with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction on the same section. Paraffin sections of both formalin and alcohol fixed tissues have been employed. The technic is recommended as a selective staining procedure rather than a specific histochemical method. The Gormori alkaline phosphatase-PAS method has been compared with the silver alkaline phosphatase-PAS method developed by Moffat.
Liquid chromatography—gas chromatography procedure to determine the concentration of dibenzothiophene in a crude oil matrix

Abstract The concentration of dibenzothiopene in SRM 1582, Wilmington crude oil, was determined using a technique which combines liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. In particular, liquid chromatography was utilized for initial sample clean-up and separation of the thiophenes. A dual-flame photometric detector specific for sulfur-containing compounds was used as the detector for gas chromatography. In order to further minimize possible sources of error due to the natural hydrocarbon matrix of the oil, a standard addition method was also utilized.
Trends in Acute Kidney Injury and Outcomes After Early Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients ≥75 Years of Age With Acute Myocardial Infarction

We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2002 to 2010 to examine the temporal trends in incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI requiring dialysis, and associated in-hospital mortality in patients ≥75 years of age hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and undergoing early (within 24 hours) percutaneous coronary intervention. Of 2,225,707 patients ≥75 years of age with acute myocardial infarction, 233,508 (10.5%) underwent early percutaneous coronary intervention, of which 21,961 (9.4%) developed AKI and 1,257 (0.54%) developed AKI requiring dialysis. From 2002 to 2010, the incidence of AKI increased from 5.6% to 14.2% (p for trend
Neutrino-electron scattering and solar neutrino experiments

Neutrino-electron scattering experiments can elucidate the flavor content, spectrum shape, intensity, time dependence, and angular distribution of solar neutrinos. The author presents detailed calculations for all of the important solar neutrino sources of the predicted energy and angular dependence of the recoil electrons, as well as the total cross sections. In addition, the author discusses how neutrino-electron experiments can help distinguish between various proposed solutions of the solar neutrino problem.
Verifying Compliance with Ballast Water Discharge Regulations

U.S. and international rules have been proposed to reduce the risks associated with invasive aquatic organisms by requiring that ships’ ballast water be treated to kill or remove living organisms and achieve certain standards before being discharged. Enforcing these rules requires verifying when a discharge violates these standards. A preliminary comparison of verification systems indicates that mandatory reporting and inspecting treatment equipment do not provide an acceptable level of confidence and that sampling and analyzing enough ballast water to achieve acceptable confidence is prohibitively costly. The most cost-effective alternative that achieves an acceptable level of confidence involves indirect measures of ballast water using sensors that indicate whether discharge standards are met.
Double seismic zones and stresses of intermediate depth earthquakes

Data from Japanese local seismograph networks suggest that the stresses in double seismic zones are in-plate compression for the upper zone and in-plate tension for the lower zone; the stresses do not necessarily appear to be down-dip. It may therefore be possible to identify other double seismic zones on the basis of data which indicate that events with differing orientations of in-plate stresses occur in a given segment of slab. A global survey of published focal mechanisms for intermediate depth earthquakes suggests that the stress in the slab is controlled, at least in part, by the age of the slab and the rate of convergence. Old and slow slabs are under in-plate tensile stresses and the amount of in-plate compression in the slab increases with increasing convergence rate or decreasing slab age. Young and fast slabs are an exception to this trend; all such slabs are down-dip tensile. Since these slabs all subduct under continents, they may be bent by continental loading. Double seismic zones are not a feature common to all subduction zones and are only observed in slabs which are not dominated by tensile or compressive stresses. Unbending of the lithosphere and upper mantle phase changes are unlikely to be the causes of the major features of double zones, although they may contribute to producing some of their characteristics. Sagging or thermal effects, possibly aided by asthenospheric relative motion, may produce the local deviatoric stresses that cause double zones.
Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows: Role of Particle Size of Alfalfa Hay

Abstract Two trials were conducted to examine the role of particle size of alfalfa hay in modifying milk fat secretion in daily cows. In trial 1, four ruminally fistulated cows in a crossover design were fed total mixed rations (29% NDF) containing either fine (1.0 mm), medium (1.5 mm), or coarse (2.1 mm) ground alfalfa hay as 55% of dietary DM. In trial 2, nine cows in a switchback design consumed rations (32% NDF) containing fine (.9 mm) or coarse (2.3 mm) ground alfalfa hay as 55% of dietary DM. Daily intake of NDF and DM was not influenced by particle size of hay. Actual milk production was unaffected by particle size, but milk fat percentage on fine ration was .84 and .78 that on coarse in trials 1 and 2, respectively, resulting in reduced 4% FCM and apparent efficiency of production. Cows fed fine rations ruminated less and spent less time ruminating per kilogram of NDF intake. In both trials, ruminal pH decreased and ruminal propionate, plasma glucose, and serum insulin concentrations increased when cows consumed the fine ration. Blood levels of total cholesterol and glycerol, and adipose glycerol-P dehydrogenase activity were not significantly affected by particle size of hay, although trends indicated increased adipose lipogenic activity when cows were fed the fine ration. These results suggest that reduced particle size of hay produces metabolic changes predicted by the glucogenic theory for milk fat depression.
Water Status and Leaf Area Production in Water- and Nitrogen-Stressed Cotton

The combined effects of water and N deficits on leaf area production and water relations in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have not been investigated thoroughly. A study was conducted to evaluate the responses of leaf area production and water relations in cotton plants exposed to water and N deficits during the preflowering stage. Two N treatments-nutrient solution with 12 mM of N (N-supplied) and N-free nutrient solution (N-starved) -were applied to plants when the third true leaf was visible. Two irrigation treatments - daily irrigation (well watered) and no irrigation (water stressed) - were superimposed on each N treatment once the plants were moved into the test chambers when they reached a leaf area of 0.050 ± 0.002 m 2 . Leaf area and leaf water and osmotic potentials were measured at the end of each day-time period. Under well-watered conditions, leaf turgor potential in N-starved plants was about 0.3 kJ kg -1 lower than in N-supplied plants. When plants were exposed to water deficits, the decline of leaf water potential relative to soil water content was greater in N-starved plants than in N-supplied plants. Nitrogen deficiency delayed and decreased the magnitude of osmotic potential adjustment and, therefore, reduced the capacity of leaves to maintain turgor. Water and N deficits decreased whole-plant cumulative leaf area about 50 and 40%, respectively, through decreased daily production of mainstem and branch leaves and decreased final area of individual mainstem and branch leaves. Nitrogen deficiency induced a higher sensitivity of leaf growth inhibition to water deficits.
Severe electrical burn of the eye

The clinical and histopathologic findings in an 18-year-old male who sustained a severe orbital and ocular electrical burn as a result of contact with a “third rail” are described. The third rail was 600 volts positive with respect to the ground, and a maximum of 50,000 amperes was available as current. The anterior segment changes described are considered secondary to heat, as well as electrical energy; whereas the more discrete pathology in the posterior retina and optic nerve was thought to be caused by the passage of electrical current. Ocular and orbital electrical injuries of this severity have rarely been described.
A Novel Approach for Quantitation of Nonderivatized Sialic Acid in Protein Therapeutics Using Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatographic Separation and Nano Quantity Analyte Detection

This paper describes a novel approach for the quantitation of nonderivatized sialic acid in glycoproteins, separated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and detection by Nano Quantity Analyte Detector (NQAD). The detection technique of NQAD is based on measuring change in the size of dry aerosol and converting the particle count rate into chromatographic output signal. NQAD detector is suitable for the detection of sialic acid, which lacks sufficiently active chromophore or fluorophore. The water condensation particle counting technology allows the analyte to be enlarged using water vapor to provide highest sensitivity. Derivatization-free analysis of glycoproteins using HPLC/NQAD method with PolyGLYCOPLEX™ amide column is well correlated with HPLC method with precolumn derivatization using 1, 2-diamino-4, 5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) as well as the Dionex-based high-pH anion-exchange chromatography (or ion chromatography) with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). With the elimination of derivatization step, HPLC/NQAD method is more efficient than HPLC/DMB method. HPLC/NQAD method is more reproducible than HPAEC-PAD method as HPAEC-PAD method suffers high variability because of electrode fouling during analysis. Overall, HPLC/NQAD method offers broad linear dynamic range as well as excellent precision, accuracy, repeatability, reliability, and ease of use, with acceptable comparability to the commonly used HPAEC-PAD and HPLC/DMB methods.
Fatty acids suppress autophagic turnover in β-cells

Recent studies have shown that autophagy is essential for proper β-cell function and survival. However, it is yet unclear under what pathogenic conditions autophagy is inhibited in β-cells. Here, we report that long term exposure to fatty acids and glucose block autophagic flux in β-cells, contributing to their toxic effect. INS1 cells expressing GFP-LC3 (an autophagosome marker) were treated with 0.4 mm palmitate, 0.4 mm oleate, and various concentrations of glucose for 22 h. Kinetics of the effect of fatty acids on autophagy showed a biphasic response. During the second phase of autophagy, the size of autophagosomes and the content of autophagosome substrates (GFP-LC3, p62) and endogenous LC3 was increased. During the same phase, fatty acids suppressed autophagic degradation of long lived protein in both INS1 cells and islets. In INS1 cells, palmitate induced a 3-fold decrease in the number and the acidity of Acidic Vesicular Organelles. This decrease was associated with a suppression of hydrolase activity, suppression of endocytosis, and suppression of oxidative phosphorylation. The combination of fatty acids with glucose synergistically suppressed autophagic turnover, concomitantly suppressing insulin secretion. Rapamycin treatment resulted in partial reversal of the inhibition of autophagic flux, the inhibition of insulin secretion, and the increase in cell death. Our results indicate that excess nutrient could impair autophagy in the long term, hence contributing to nutrient-induced β-cell dysfunction. This may provide a novel mechanism that connects diet-induced obesity and diabetes.
CTOD: collaborative tree-based outlier detection in wireless sensor networks

Outlier detection is a well studied problem in various fields. The unique challenges of wireless sensor networks such as limited bandwidth, memory, energy, and unreliable communi- cation make this problem especially difficult. Sensors can detect outliers for a plethora of reasons and these reasons need to be inferred in real time. Here, we present a new robust communication framework for the unsupervised in-network detection of outliers in a wireless sensor network. First, communication is minimized through an ad-hoc collaborative communication scheme which controls sensor behavior to increase overall visibility of individual streaming data sets. Second, an outlier detection algorithm is tailored to fit within this communication model. At the same time, minimal assumptions are made about the nature of the data set as to minimize the loss of generality in the architecture. We also build on our previous foundation to introduce the concept of trust to model anomalous behavior caused by security compromises and hardware failures. We not only prove the convergence of our method but also evaluate the performance which shows the usefulness of our model in comparison to other recent work.
Stimuli‐responsive ampholytic terpolymers of N‐acryloyl‐valine, acrylamide, and (3‐acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride: Synthesis, characterization, and solution properties

Low-charge density ampholytic terpolymers composed of acrylamide (AM), (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC), and N-acryloylvaline were prepared via free-radical polymerization in 0.5 M NaCl to yield terpolymers with random charge distributions. Sodium formate (NaOOCH) was employed as a chain transfer agent during the polymerization to suppress gel effects and broadening of the molecular weight distribution (MWD). Terpolymer compositions were determined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Terpolymer molecular weights (MWs) and polydispersity indices (PDIs) were obtained via size exclusion chromatography/multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). Intrinsic viscosity values determined from SEC-MALLS data using the Flory-Fox relationship were compared with those determined by low-shear dilute solution viscometry and found to be in good agreement. SEC-MALLS experiments allowed examination of radius of gyration-MW (R g -M) relationships and the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada intrinsic viscosity-MW ([η]-M) relationships for terpolymers. The Rg-M and [η]-M relationships indicated little or no excluded volume effects under SEC conditions indicating that the terpolymers were in near theta conditions in an aqueous buffer solution. Potentiometric titration experiments were performed in deionized (DI) water. These studies revealed that the apparent pK a of the AMVALTAC terpolymers increases with increasing VAL content. The solution properties of low-charge density ampholytic terpolymers have been studied as functions of solution pH, ionic strength, and polymer concentration. The charge-balanced terpolymers exhibit polyampholyte behavior at pH values ≥ 6.5. As solution pH is decreased, these charge-balanced terpolymers become increasingly cationic due to the protonation of the VAL repeat units. Charge-imbalanced terpolymers generally exhibit polyelectrolyte behavior, although the effects of intramolecular electrostatic interactions (e.g., polyampholyte effects) on the hydrodynamic volume are evident at certain values of solution pH and salt concentration. The solution behavior of the terpolymers in the dilute regime correlates well with that predicted by various polyampholyte solution theories.
Decreased fetal movements with sustained maternal hyperglycemia using the glucose clamp technique.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sustained maternal hyperglycemia (120 mg/dl) on fetal activity. The glucose infusion study group was comprised of nine healthy gravidas between 36 and 40 weeks' gestation, and six patients served as controls. The protocol design included an overnight fast for all patients. Fetal movements were evaluated by external fetal monitoring. A 2-hour preinfusion evaluation of fetal activity served as the baseline control for each patient studied. Study patients then received a glucose infusion by a glucose clamp technique to maintain a sustained hyperglycemia of 120 mg/dl for 3 hours. After the glucose infusion, fetal movements were observed for 1 hour. Control patients received a saline infusion for 2 hours after a 2-hour baseline evaluation. Maternal hyperglycemia was associated with a significant decrease of fetal movements > 1 second duration during the first hour of glucose infusion. Fetal movements returned to baseline during the second and third hours of glucose infusion. Saline infusion was not associated with a decrease in fetal activity. We conclude that sustained maternal hyperglycemia is associated with a transient decrease in fetal movement during the first hour of glucose infusion followed by a retum to the control (preinfusion) level of fetal activity. These data may have implications in the study of fetal behavior in diabetes mellitus.
A Simple Derivation of a Result in Electrostatics

We present a simple derivation of the following result in electrostatics. The value of the electric field at the center of a sphere with no charge inside equals three times the average over the surface of the sphere of the radial part of the electric field.
Note on the Kurosch-Ore Theorem

The Kurosch-Ore theorem1 asserts that if an element of a modular lattice has two decompositions into irreducibles, then each irreducible of one decomposition may be replaced by a suitably chosen irreducible from the other decomposition. It follows that the number of irreducibles in the two decompositions is the same.
Archaeology in the Humanities

Since archaeology is fundamentally the study of the human past, which is what the word "archaeology" connotes according to its Greek etymology, it is part of the humanities. However, archaeologists work in teams with scientists and employ quantitative techniques and comparative methods of the social sciences; archaeologists are thus an academic hybrid and are pleased to live in the interstices of many disciplines. In this article we review the history of archaeology in the humanities and explore some new directions in archaeological research. We discuss the enduring questions of origins of the antiquity of humanity, religion and art, the first agricultural villages, and the earliest cities, states, and civilizations. We also consider new agendas in archaeology: historical archaeology, landscapes in the past and present, material studies of the present, and how archaeologists are engaged in modern politics.
Magnetic hyperfine structure of 119Sn in ferromagnetic Pd2MnSb

Abstract A magnetic hyperfine field of H = + 210 ± 5 kOe has been observed at Sn in Pd2MnSb0.99Sn0.01 by Mossbauer spectroscopy on 119Sn. The significance of this measurement with respect to other hyperfine fields and theoretical calculations is discussed.
Stray light elimination in making projection display measurements

Electronic front-projection display specifications are often based on measurements made in ideal darkroom conditions. However, not everyone has access to such a facility. In many environments, ambient light from other sources in the room illuminates the screen. This includes room lights directly illuminating the screen and the reflection of these light sources off of walls, floors, furniture, and other objects. Additionally, back-reflections from the projection screen must be considered. These stray light components contribute to the measured value, giving an inaccurate measurement of the projector light output. Thus, these conditions may make the task of adequately comparing and evaluating different projection systems difficult. We can better verify whether the projector is operating according to its specifications or compare its performance with other projectors by compensating for stray light. A simple projection mask constructed from black plastic and a stray-light elimination tube are presented as solutions that can provide an accurate measurement of projector light output in many ambient light conditions.
Functional Status Outcomes of a Nursing Intervention in Hospitalized Elderly

This paper examines the effectiveness of a nursing intervention for elderly hospitalized patients (N = 235) as measured by functional outcomes. A nursing intervention targeted at factors which influence acute confusion or delirium employed strategies to educate nursing staff, mobilize patients, monitor medication and make environmental and sensory modifications. Subjects who received the intervention were more likely to improve in functional status from admission to discharge than subjects who did not receive the intervention.
Spinoza and the philosophy of immanence: Reflections on Yovel's The Adventures of Immanence

This essay examines the main line of argument of Yirmiyahu Yovel's The Adventures of Immanence. Expressing general agreement with Yovel's central thesis that Spinoza's ‘immanent revolution’ marked an important tuming‐point in the history of modernity and profoundly influenced subsequent thought, I none the less take issue with some of the details of the story. In particular, I question his omission of Lessing, his account of the relationship between Spinoza and Kant, and his treatment of Marx. In a final section I present some objections to Yovel's guiding conception of a philosophy of immanence.
The relation between saline solution ingested and tissue conductivity

Abstract Conductivity measurements were taken of the rat brain as a function of ingestion of different concentrations of hypotonic saline solutions. The change observed was rapid, occurring while the animals were still drinking, and was an inverse linear function of the concentration. This lends support to an explanation of the rat's greater ingestion of the more concentrated hypotonic saline solutions on the basis of the systemic effects of these solutions.
Modulation of the uterine response to infectious bacteria in postpartum ewes.

PROBLEM: Exogenous progesterone and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can down-regulate uterine immune functions and render the uterus susceptible to bacterial infection. METHOD OF STUDY: Ewes were sham-ovariectomized (SHAM) or ovariectomized (OVEX) 9 days after parturition (day 0), and their uteri were inoculated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli on day 15. Vena caval blood was collected on day 14 and days 16–19, and uteri were collected on day 20. Ewes began receiving either canola oil (OIL) or progesterone in oil (PROG) on day 10. Lymphocytes from each blood sample were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial array of in vitro treatments; 10–7 M PGE2 and 10–7 M indomethacin (INDO) were main effects. [3H]Thymidine incorporation (expressed in picomoles) was used to quantify proliferation. RESULTS: Progesterone was greater (P=0.001) in PROG than in OIL ewes (3.6 versus 0.7 ng/mL), and only PROG ewes developed infections. Lymphocyte proliferation was least (P=0.02) in PROG-OVEX ewes (4.1 versus 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 pmol for OIL-SHAM, PROG-SHAM, and OIL-OVEX, respectively). Concanavalin A (Con-A)-stimulated proliferation was less (P < 0.01) for PGE2- and PGE2 + INDO-treated lymphocytes (7.5 and 8.3 pmol, respectively) than for control or INDO-treated cells (12.9 and 14.7 pmol, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Progesterone treatment of postpartum ewes suppressed uterine immunity. In vitro PGE2 treatment suppressed lymphocyte proliferation, regardless of PROG, and highlights a progesterone-independent level of regulation of uterine immune function.
Correlations among Organizational Climate, Apprehension about Communication, and Locus of Control in Mid-Level Bank Managers

Significant statistical correlations were not observed among organizational climate, apprehension about communication, and locus of control when the tests were administered to 120 mid-level bank managers from 30 organizations. It was concluded that the three inventories measure three different concepts.
The effect of organic solvents on complexes and ion exchange—II nitrate complexes of some divalent metals in isopropyl alcohol

Abstract The cation exchange sorbabilities of magnesium and calcium from nitric acid and perchloric acid in aqueous isopropyl alcohol solutions have been compared. The stability constants of nitrate complexes of divalent metals in mixed solvent media have been evaluated by the cation exchange method using the ionic strength constant mixture developed previously by the present authors. In 0·5 M HNO3-90 per cent isopropyl alcohol, β11 =1 ·6 and β2′ = 0·85 for Mg β1′ = 3·7 and β2′ = 7·0 for Ca, and β1′ = 6·7 and β2′ = 36 for Hg(II) at room temperature 23 ± 0·5°C. It is of interes that β2′ is considerably greater than β1′ in latter cases. The nitrate complexes of magnesium and calcium present in the anion exchange resin phase (Dowex 1-X8) in equilibrium with 0·5 M HNO3-90 per cent isopropyl alcohol show high mean ligand numbers; n ≑4·2 for magnesium and n ≧ 5·5 for calcium. The factors affecting the anion exchange sorbability have also been discussed.
Baby SRL: Modeling Early Language Acquisition.

A fundamental task in sentence comprehension is to assign semantic roles to sentence constituents. The structure-mapping account proposes that children start with a shallow structural analysis of sentences: children treat the number of nouns in the sentence as a cue to its semantic predicate-argument structure, and represent language experience in an abstract format that permits rapid generalization to new verbs. In this paper, we tested the consequences of these representational assumptions via experiments with a system for automatic semantic role labeling (SRL), trained on a sample of child-directed speech. When the SRL was presented with representations of sentence structure consisting simply of an ordered set of nouns, it mimicked experimental findings with toddlers, including a striking error found in children. Adding features representing the position of the verb increased accuracy and eliminated the error. We show the SRL system can use incremental knowledge gain to switch from error-prone noun order features to a more accurate representation, demonstrating a possible mechanism for this process in child development.
The Isotopic Constitution of Calcium, Titanium, Sulphur and Argon

A mass-spectrographic study of the isotopic constitution of calcium, titanium, and sulphur has been made. Two new calcium isotopes, ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{46}$ and ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{48}$, were found, present with abundances $\frac{1}{29,000}$ and $\frac{1}{520}$ that of ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$, respectively. No new titanium isotopes were found. A new sulphur isotope, ${\mathrm{S}}^{36}$, was discovered, having an abundance $\frac{1}{6,000}$ that of ${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$. The proof for the existence of the new isotopes is presented. The relative abundances of the isotopes in these three elements were determined. A search for other possible rare isotopes was made in all mass number positions in the immediate neighborhood of the known isotopes. Upper limits for the existence of these hypothetical isotopes are given. A search was made for ${\mathrm{A}}^{42}$.
Surgical correction of extensor tendon subluxation and ulnar drift in the rheumatoid hand: long-term results.

Subluxation of the extensor digitorum communis tendons in the rheumatoid hand causes ulnar digital drift. If passively correctable, the digit may be realigned by soft tissue rebalancing and extensor centralization, which may preserve a more functional arc of motion than achieved with arthroplasty. A total of 71 centralization procedures were done in 15 rheumatoid patients with a mean age of 55 years and an average follow-up of 9 years. A distally based central-third strip of extensor tendon was used. Correction of ulnar drift deformity was from an average of 47° preoperatively to 7.9° postoperatively, and correction of active range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joints was from an average of 38° to 56.2°. Reoperation and complication rates were low. This technique corrects and maintains ulnar drift in the rheumatoid hand. Range of motion at the metacarpophalangeal joint level is improved and converted to a more functional one by decreasing the extensor lag.
Chronic disorders with episodic manifestations: focus on epilepsy and migraine

Epilepsy and migraine are chronic neurological disorders with episodic manifestations that are commonly treated in neurological practice and frequently occur together. In this review we examine similarities and contrasts between these disorders, with focus on epidemiology and classification, temporal coincidence, triggers, and mechanistically based therapeutic overlap. This investigation draws attention to unique aspects of both epilepsy and migraine, while identifying areas of crossover in which each specialty could benefit from the experience of the other.
Fiber Reinforcement for Rapid Stabilization of Soft Clay Soils

Since World War II, the military has sought methods for rapid stabilization of weak soils for support of its missions worldwide. Over the past 60 years, cement and lime have been the most effective stabilizers for road and airfield applications, although recent developments show promise from nontraditional stabilizers, such as reinforcing fibers. The benefits derived from fibers may depend on whether they are used alone or in combination with chemical stabilizers. The ability of stabilizers to increase the strength of two soft clay soils within 72 h to support C-17 and C-130 aircraft traffic on contingency airfields was investigated. Laboratory test results showed that longer fibers increased the strength and toughness the most for a clay treated only with fibers. For a clay treated with fibers in addition to a chemical stabilizer, shorter fibers increased toughness the most, but the fibers had little effect on strength. Higher dosage rates of fibers had increasing effectiveness, but mixing became difficult for fiber contents above 1%. Poly(vinyl) alcohol fibers were anticipated to perform better than other inert fibers because of hydrogen bonding between the fibers and clay minerals, but these fibers performed similarly to other fibers.