cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P281: Impact of Transradial Approach on Quality of Care for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Single Center Experience

Background: Transradial cardiac catheterization has only been used in a small fraction of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures in the United States, despite of the evidence that it may be associated with a lower risk of bleeding and mortality following PCI compared to the transfemoral approach. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the transradial approach on adverse outcomes following PCI and its potential of being a process to improve the quality of care for PCI in a single-center practice. Methods: We compared the risks of post-procedural adverse outcomes including in-hospital mortality, bleeding, and vascular complications between the 462 transradial and the 625 transfemoral cases who had undergone PCI procedures between January 2007 and March 2009. The difference in length of stay following PCI between the two entry approaches was also examined. Results: Compared to the transfemoral approach, the transradial cardiac catheterization was associated with significantly lower risk of bleeding (2.60% (12 of 462) vs. 6.08% (38 of 625); adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-0.68, P=0.002) and vascular complications (0% vs. 1.44% (9 of 625), P=0.01). Although the trend was that the transradial approach was associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality, the difference was not statistically significant (0.87% (4 of 462) vs. 2.24% (14 of 625); aOR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.14-2.10, P=0.38). Transradial patients were more likely to be discharged on the same day of procedure (14.2% vs. 2.2%, P Conclusion: The transradial approach is related to lower risk of bleeding and vascular complications. Introducing this approach to practice could improve the quality of care for PCI.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus Type Strain ATCC 27562.

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus has the highest death rate and economic burden per case of any foodborne pathogen in the United States. A complete genome sequence of the type strain promotes comparative analyses with other clinical and environmental isolates, improving our understanding of this important human pathogen and successful environmental organism.
Investigating how ostracizing others affects one’s self-concept

Social relationships are connected with an individual’s self-concept, so events that influence one’s relationships subsequently influence one’s self-concept. Ostracism, being excluded and ignored, ...
The ILO Supervisory System and Problems of Automatic Incorporation

Reciprocity has traditionally been the most important enforcement mechanism in international law. It fails to function, however, when states do not perceive their own immediate interests as threatened by another state’s non-compliance with international law. Thus, inter-state complaints, either before judicial or quasi-judicial bodies, have not proved highly effective in regard to enforcement of treaties laying down social and humanitarian norms which consist of parallel rather than reciprocal or contractual obligations.1
Thymic involution in the suspended rat - Adrenal hypertrophy and glucocorticoid receptor content

The relationship between thymic involution and adrenal hypertrophy is studied. The thymus, adrenal glands, and tissue water content are evaluated in male Sprague rats suspended in antiorthostatic (AO) or orthostatic (O) positions. A 50 percent decrease in the wet weight of the thymus and hypertrophy of the adrenal glands are observed during the seven days of AO suspension. After seven days of recovery the thymus weight is increased to control level; however, the hypertrophy of the adrenal glands remains unchanged. Thymic and renal responses in O postioned rats are similar to AO reactions. Thymic glucocorticoid (GC) receptor concentrations in the rats are analyzed; a 20 percent decrease in GC receptor site concentration, which is related to thymic involution, is detected in both AO and O rats. It is concluded that there is a temporal correlation between thymic involution and adrenal hypertrophy, which is not affected by AO positioning, and thymic involution is not associated with an increased sensitivity to GC.
US Counterpoint to Chapter 24

We extend our commendation to Drs. Otto and L’Hommedieu for their thorough review in Chapter 24 of orthopedic biomaterials technology and the management of patients with implanted orthopaedic devices. Our practice does not differ significantly from theirs. Improvements in aseptic technique, availability of antibiotic prophylaxis, and enhancements in both internal fixation devices and joint prostheses have revolutionized orthopedic care since the 1950s, improving the quality of life for millions of patients across all orthopedic subspecialty areas.
Clinical characteristics and predictors of outcomes in patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma: An eleven-year analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

413Background: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a very rare liver tumor, comprising only 1% of all primary liver tumors in the United Sates. There is no standard of care for unresectable disease. C...
Efficacy of water spray for evaporative cooling in athletes with spinal cord injury

Interventional crossover study. Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts afferent input to the hypothalamus and impairs efferent vaso- and sudomotor output, especially in lesions above the sympathetic chain (T1-L2). In consequence, persons with SCI under heat stress experience impairment in the ability to dissipate heat proportional to the lesion level. Thermoregulatory dysfunction places an individual at high risk of hyperthermia, which can be life threatening, especially for athletes with SCI during exercise. Current evidence on therapeutic cooling techniques in athletes with SCI is limited, but basic physiologic and research data suggest water spray (WS) might be efficacious, particularly in athletes with tetraplegia (TP), who are most impaired in thermoregulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of WS on core temperature (Tc) during exercise in athletes with SCI. Texas, USA. Eleven individuals with SCI: seven with TP, four with paraplegia (PP); and sixteen able-bodied (AB) controls underwent a wheelchair intermittent sprint exercise for 90 min under two conditions: (1) WS application every 15 min and (2) control (C), without WS. Tc was measured every 15 min and was analyzed for the effect of group (TP, PP, and AB) and time. Change in Tc (ΔTc) was also compared between groups. ΔTc was significantly higher in TP vs. PP (p < 0.0001) and TP vs. AB (p < 0.0001) groups under C treatment. WS significantly attenuated ΔTc in TP (p = 0.001), but did not change ΔTc in PP or AB. WS effectively attenuated Tc elevation during exercise in athletes with TP. Texas chapter of the Paralyzed Veterans of America.
Visual acuity performance level is independent of locomotion

Locomotion has a global impact on circuit function throughout the cortex, including regulation of spatiotemporal dynamics in primary visual cortex (V1). The mechanisms driving state-changes in V1 result in a 2-3 fold gain of responsiveness to visual stimuli. To determine whether locomotion-mediated increases in response gain improve the perception of spatial acuity we developed a head-fixed task in which mice were free to run or sit still during acuity testing. Spatial acuity, ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 cycles/{degrees}, was assessed before and after 3-4 weeks of reward-based training in adult mice. Training on vertical orientations once a day improved the average performance across mice by 22.5 {+/-} 0.05%. Improvement transferred to non-trained orientations presented at 45{degrees}, indicating that the improvement in acuity generalized. Furthermore we designed a second closed-loop task in which acuity threshold could be directly assessed in a single session. Using this design, we established that acuity threshold matched the upper limit of the trained spatial frequency; in two mice spatial acuity threshold reached as high as 1.5 cycles/{degrees}. During the 3-4 weeks of training we collected a sufficient number of stimulus trials in which mice performed above chance but below 100% accuracy. Using this subset of stimulus trials, we found that perceptual acuity was not enhanced on trials in which mice were running compared to trials in which mice were still. Our results demonstrate that perception of spatial acuity is not improved by locomotion.
Potent in vitro activity of β-D-4ʹ-chloromethyl-2ʹ-deoxy-2ʹ-fluorocytidine against Nipah virus

Abstract Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that continues to cause outbreaks in humans characterized by high mortality and significant clinical sequelae in survivors. Currently, no therapeutics are approved for use in humans against NiV infection. Here, we report that 4ʹ-chloromethyl-2ʹ-deoxy-2ʹ-fluorocytidine (ALS-8112) inhibits NiV. ALS-8112 is the parent nucleoside of lumicitabine, which has been evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials to treat pediatric and adult respiratory syncytial virus infection. In this study, we tested ALS-8112 against NiV and other major human respiratory pneumo- and paramyxoviruses in 2 human lung epithelial cell lines, and demonstrated the ability of ALS-8112 to reduce infectious wild-type NiV yield by over 6 orders of magnitude with no apparent cytotoxicity. However, further cytotoxicity testing in primary cells and bone marrow progenitor cells indicated cytotoxicity at higher concentrations of ALS-8112. Our results warrant the evaluation of lumicitabine against NiV infection in relevant animal models.
Segmental Variations in the Peel Characteristics of the Porcine Thoracic Aorta

Aortic dissection occurs predominantly in the thoracic aorta and the mechanisms for the initiation and propagation of the tear in aortic dissection are not well understood. We study the tearing characteristics of the porcine thoracic aorta using a peeling test and we estimate the peeling energy per unit area in the ascending and the descending segments. The stretch and the peel force per unit width undergone by the peeled halves of a rectangular specimen are measured. We find that there can be significant variation in the stretch within the specimen and the stretch between the markers in the specimen varies with the dynamics of peeling. We found that in our experiment the stretch achieved in the peeled halves was such that it was in the range of the stretch at which the stress-stretch curve for the uniaxial experiment starts deviating from linearity. Higher peeling energy per unit area is required in the ascending aorta compared to the descending aorta. Longitudinal specimens required higher peeling energy per unit area when compared to the circumferential specimens.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Parturient Women

Limited data are available for pregnant women affected by SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests are critically important to determine exposure and immunity to SARS-CoV-2 within both individuals and populations. We completed SARS-CoV-2 serological testing of 1,293 parturient women at two centers in Philadelphia from April 4 to June 3, 2020. We tested 834 pre-pandemic samples collected in 2019 and 15 samples from COVID-19 recovered donors to validate our assay, which has a ~1% false positive rate. We found 80/1,293 (6.2%) of parturient women possessed IgG and/or IgM SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We found race/ethnicity differences in seroprevalence rates, with higher rates in Black/non-Hispanic and Hispanic/Latino women. Of the 72 seropositive women who also received nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing during pregnancy, 46 (64%) were positive. Continued serologic surveillance among pregnant women may inform perinatal clinical practices and can potentially be used to estimate seroprevalence within the community.
Nutritional contributions of food pantries and other sources to the diets of rural, Midwestern food pantry users in the USA

Food pantries provide free food to individuals at nutritional risk given lack of available foods. Frequent use of food pantries is associated with higher dietary quality; however, neither the nutrient contributions of food pantries to participant diets nor their relationship with household food security are known. This cross-sectional analysis used secondary data from rural food pantry participants, including sociodemographic characteristics, household food security and 24-h recalls. Mean intakes of selected food groups and nutrients from food pantries, supermarkets, other stores and restaurants, and other were compared by one-way ANCOVA. Interaction effects of household food security with food sources were evaluated by two-way ANCOVA. About 40 % of participants' dietary intake came from food pantries. Mean intakes of fibre (P < 0·0001), Na (P < 0·0001), fruit (P < 0·0001), grains (P < 0·0001) and oils (P < 0·0001) were higher from food pantries compared with all other sources, as were Ca (P = 0·004), vitamin D (P < 0·0001) and K (P < 0·0001) from food pantries compared with two other sources. Percentage total energy intake (%TEI) from added sugars (P < 0·0001) and saturated fat (P < 0·0001) was higher from supermarkets than most other sources. Significant interaction effects were observed between food sources and household food security for vegetables (P = 0·01), Na (P = 0·01) and %TEI from saturated fat (P = 0·004), with food-insecure participants having significantly higher intakes from food pantries and/or supermarkets compared with all other sources. Future interventions may incorporate these findings by providing education on purchasing and preparing healthy meals on limited budgets, to complement foods received from pantries, and by reducing Na in pantry environments.
Pulmonary emphysema is associated with fungal sensitization in asthma

Background Fungal sensitization is a risk factor for severe asthma. Colonization in the lower respiratory tract is one of the forms of fungal exposure, and it is related to fungal sensitization. Pulmonary emphysema was recently reported to be an underlying disease of fungal colonization. The aim of study was to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary emphysema in asthmatic patients with and without fungal sensitization. Methods We enrolled 108 patients with allergic asthma and divided them into the patients sensitized to Aspergillus and/or Candida (n=56) and those not sensitized to both Aspergillus and Candida (n=52). The presence of pulmonary emphysema on chest CT was evaluated retrospectively. Results The frequency of pulmonary emphysema was significantly higher in the patients sensitized to Aspergillus and/or Candida compared to the patients not sensitized to both fungi (P=0.0040). The frequency of pulmonary emphysema was also significantly higher in the patients sensitized to either Aspergillus or Candida compared to the patient not sensitized to the fungi (P=0.0398 and P=0.0198, respectively). A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of pulmonary emphysema was independently associated with the sensitization to Aspergillus and/or Candida (OR 7.84, 95% CI: 1.20-51.10). Conclusions Pulmonary emphysema is associated with sensitization to Aspergillus and/or Candida.
Direct Tissue PCR and Genotyping for Species Identification in a Case of Laryngeal Blastomycosis.

Otolaryngologic manifestations of infection with Blastomyces species are extremely rare and restricted geographically to recognized endemic regions. Here, we describe a case of laryngeal blastomyco...
Out of Sight and Out of Mind:Supreme Court Arguments on the Insanity Defense Reveal Criminal Law’s Disguised Moral Culpability Requirement

This article unmasks a hidden lesson for criminal law scholars in the Supreme Court’s March decision in Kahler v. Kansas—a ruling that rejected the petitioner’s claim that due process precluded Kansas from abolishing the right-and-wrong test of insanity. I contend that petitioner and the dissenting justices identified solid evidence that the test is the modern continuation of an age-old moral culpability requirement in common law criminal doctrine. The writers of leading treatises do not recognize a moral culpability requirement among the canonical premises of criminal law; most philosophers of the criminal law would concur that current law lacks one; but those same philosophers would also hold that there should be one. This conventional wisdom is in error. Considering the historical evidence marshaled in Kahler, my thesis is that the list of canonical premises should be augmented to include moral culpability alongside others like voluntariness, mens rea, and ex ante criminalization. Moral culpability is a basic premise of criminal liability in every criminal case. It is ordinarily assumed, but it can be negated when a defendant successfully argues that he was unable to appreciate the wrongness of his actions due to mental disease or defect. In this regard, it is much like the well-recognized voluntariness requirement: voluntariness is rarely an issue in criminal law cases and need not be specially proven unless there are special circumstances (usually physical or psychological abnormality, like sleepwalking or hypnosis) that put the issue into contention. When we think about insanity law going forward, I recommend that we allow the law of insanity to fork and develop along two paths. One path would carry forward the common law tradition of excusing the morally blameless by retaining the right-and-wrong test. The other path would be a path of experimentation and a vehicle for bringing new medical insight about mental health into the courtroom. This approach acknowledges that the common law’s traditional concern to criminalize only the morally blameworthy is older than and distinct from modern psychology and psychiatry. We can retain our commitment to this normative tradition, while acknowledging that advances in the scientific understanding of the mind will warrant new doctrinal vehicles for presenting mental health evidence in the courtroom.
Factors affecting short-term survival in patients older than 85 treated with resection for stage II and III colon cancer.

Abstract Background Patients ≥85 years of age have high rates of colon cancer but disproportionately poor outcomes. Factors affecting short-term (90-day) survival in patients ≥85 undergoing surgery for stage II and III colon cancer were examined to identify potentially modifiable factors to improve outcomes. Methods The New York State Cancer Registry and Statewide Planning Research and Cooperative System were queried for patients ≥85 years who underwent colectomy for stage II and III colon cancer between 2004 and 2012. Regression analyses were performed for factors associated with 90-day mortality and stratified by elective and nonelective surgery. Results In total, 3,779 patients ≥85 years of age underwent colectomy between 2004 and 2012 for stage II or III colon cancer. Of these, 48.4% underwent nonelective colectomy, 79.9% had an open operation, and 90-day survival was 83.2%. Worse survival was associated with nonelective surgery (odds ratio = 3.81, 95% confidence interval = 3.03–4.89). Improved survival in the nonelective and overall groups was associated with a minimally invasive operation (nonelective group: odds ratio = 0.35, 95% confidence interval = 0.21–0.58; overall group: odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.36–0.73) and discharged to another health care facility (nonelective group: odds ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.39; overall group: odds ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.33–0.53). High surgeon annual operating volume was associated with improved survival in the elective and nonelective groups (P Conclusion Factors associated with greater odds of 90-day mortality in this population include nonelective surgery, preoperative weight loss, and multiple comorbidities, whereas a minimally invasive approach was associated with lower mortality. Potential areas to improve outcomes in this population include using a multidisciplinary team approach, addressing frailty preoperatively when possible, and potentially reconsidering screening guidelines for colorectal cancer to reduce rates of emergency operations.
Identification of novel small molecule inducers of endothelium-driven innate immunity (54.10)

The endothelium plays a critical role in promoting inflammation in cardiovascular disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions. Conversely, an augmented immune response can be protective against microbial pathogens and in cancer immunotherapy. Many small molecule screens have sought to identify agents that prevent endothelial cell activation. Yet, small molecule screens to identify agents that induce endothelial cell activation have not been reported. In this regard, a bioassay was developed which identifies activated endothelium by its capacity to trigger MIP1 beta from primary monocytes. Subsequently, a 642 compound library of 39 distinctive scaffolds generated by diversity oriented synthesis was screened for small molecules that activated the endothelium. From the identified inflammatory compounds, 96 analogs of one particular class of compounds were efficiently prepared by solid phase split-and-pool synthesis. Structure-function analysis combined with transcriptional profiling of active and inactive analogues identified inflammatory gene networks induced exclusively by the active compound. The identification of a family of chemical probes that augment innate immunity through endothelial cell activation provides a framework for understanding gene networks involved in endothelial inflammation as well as the development of novel endothelium-driven immunotherapeutic agents.
Rejection of persistent /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin//-bounded disturbances for nonlinear systems

A nonlinear /spl Lscr//sup 1/-control problem, which deals with the rejection of persistent bounded disturbances for nonlinear systems, is investigated. The concept of invariance plays an important role in the /spl Lscr//sup 1/-performance analysis and synthesis. The main idea is to construct an invariant subset in the state space such that achieving disturbance rejection is equivalent to restricting the state dynamics to the subset. The relation between the /spl Lscr//sup 1/-control of a continuous-time system and the l/sup 1/-control of its Euler approximated discrete-time system is established.
Thirty Years Yet Miles of the Medium-Metaphor to Go: Jon Stewart, Neil Postman, and "Understanding the Politics and Epistemology of Media".

Right after completing my doctorate, I took a job as a political reporter. The pay was lousy, the position had little to do with the health sciences, and the newspaper, though respected, wasn’t big enough to compete with the (then) two local dailies and major television stations. I worked odd hours and wore many hats, from writer and copy editor to production artist and all-around assistant. It was, perhaps, my Byear of the intern.^ And I loved every second of it. I don’t know if I could say the same had I worked at a major publication. For one thing, no major publication would have hired me. Despite having been tied to a newspaper since the age of fifteen (thanks to English teacher Bonnie Kelly and all the open-minded editors who came after), the Breal^ world doesn’t often know what to do with an academic. Many think we don’t know an honest day’s work, we’re all theory and no praxis, and in general we’re just out of touch. To be sure there are some who fit this bill, but the percentage likely isn’t that much greater than in any other profession. That said, I will be the first to admit that I am probably not Bmajor daily^ material. I am not a fast writer (the old adage about Bopening veins^ better describes my evertortured state), and I struggle with brevity (as anyone who reads these JBI editorials already knows!). On the other hand, I probably wouldn’t have chosen to work for them. At The Colorado Statesman (and papers such as the Intermountain Jewish News and the Tucson Weekly and others), I could be the queen of the 1,500-plus word article, and the weekly format and special supplements of these publications allowed for more research and reflection. My editor at the IJN in Denver, when asked by writers how many column-inches an article should be, would always respond, BAs long as it takes to tell the story.^ I also have been fortunate to work for editors with advanced degrees in law, religion, political science, and literature, although these exist at the dailies, too. But what I appreciated most was a commitment to journalistic independence—perhaps easier to come by at smaller papers, since the lawmakers and the rainmakers hardly ever vie for your attention and few of the other print and TV reporters see you as real competition. Whether true independence is possible is not likely, but a journalist who is contemplative and transparent about his or her biases, uninterested in power and favours, and sceptical as a matter of course has at least a shot. (And for those who think journalists must kowtow to advertisers, another editor often reminded me that though these help fund our salaries, our articles provide them a visible and attractive conveyance. Otherwise, you’d see more Bpennysavers.^) Bioethical Inquiry (2015) 12:369–375 DOI 10.1007/s11673-015-9659-z
Membrane topology of Escherichia coli prolipoprotein signal peptidase (signal peptidase II).

The lsp gene of Escherichia coli encodes the inner membrane enzyme, signal peptidase II (SPase II). SPase II is comprised of 164 amino acid residues and contains four hydrophobic domains. A series of lsp-phoA and lsp-lacZ gene fusions have been constructed in vitro to determine the topology of SPase II. The fusion junction for each of these gene fusions was determined by DNA sequencing. The lengths of the SPase II fragment in the fusions varied from 12 to 159 amino acid residues. Strains containing SPase II-PhoA fusions to the two predicted periplasmic loops exhibited higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity than fusions to the predicted cytoplasmic domains. In contrast, SPase II-LacZ fusions at the cytoplasmic and the periplasmic domains of SPase II showed high and low levels of beta-galactosidase activity, respectively, a result opposite to those shown by SPase II-PhoA fusions located at precisely the same amino acid of SPase II. Taken together, these results strongly support the predicted model for SPase II topology, i.e. this enzyme spans the cytoplasmic membrane four times with both the amino and the carboxyl termini facing the cytoplasm.
Addressing Assumptions and Clarifying Conclusions in “Assumptions and Conclusions: Fundamental Distinctions Between Tibetan Buddhist and Western Approaches to Happiness”

The present article attempts to provide valuable theoretical nuance with regard to Buddhist conceptualizations of well-being and happiness, in response to the recent article, “Assumptions and Conclusions: Fundamental Distinctions Between Tibetan Buddhist and Western Approaches to Happiness,” by Cutz and colleagues. The recent upsurge in the theoretical and empirical professional literature with respect to mindfulness-based interventions certainly speaks to the importance of understanding the similarities and differences between Buddhist philosophical teachings and Western psychological theory and practice, including a nuanced conceptual understanding of terms such as “happiness” and “well-being.” As the target article’s effort at discriminating between Western and Eastern conceptualizations of happiness and well-being focused extensively on Western terminology and conceptualizations, the present paper’s clarification of these important distinctions will hopefully allow for greater accuracy when adopting historical Buddhist concepts into contemporary cognitive behavioral models of psychological service, and therefore, will hopefully enhance the professional literature base and allow us to better serve the clientele with whom we work.
Effects of Park Improvements on Park Use and Physical Activity: Policy and Programming Implications

Background Many assume that improving the quality and the perceived safety of facilities in parks and recreation centers is critical to attracting more users and increasing population physical activity. There are few studies in which these assumptions have been tested. Purpose This study aims to assess the impact of park improvements on park use and physical activity. Methods Five intervention parks and five matched comparison parks were studied by objectively measuring park use and collecting self-reports of park use by residents before and after park improvements. After using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities to count park users and measure their activity levels, and conducting household interviews and intercept surveys with park users, propensity score analyses were used to adjust for differences in respondents' characteristics between pre- and post-intervention and across conditions. Results Overall park use and physical activity declined in both intervention and control parks, with 39% of the decline directly attributable to fewer scheduled organized activities. Perceptions of park safety increased more in the intervention parks than in the comparison parks. Conclusions Improvements to parks may not automatically result in increased use and physical activity, especially when programming decreases. Multiple factors contribute to park use and need to be accounted for in future community-level interventions. Further, improving perceptions of safety alone is unlikely to result in increased park use.
EXAMINATION STRESS AND ANXIETY: A STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

Examination stress among college students has been a topic of interest for many years. College students experience high stress due to various reasons such as lack of preparation, style of their study and lack of needed information. When stress is perceived negatively or becomes excessive, it leads to anxiety before and during examinations and ultimately affects their academic achievement. The present study was conducted to know the examinations stress felt by college students under Arts, Science and Commerce stream of education. Further comparison was done to find out the level of stress felt by college students enrolled in under graduate and post graduate programmes. The sample consisted of 90 college students drawn using stratified random sampling method from two girl’s colleges. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher to access examination stress and anxiety among college students. The result shows correlation between examination stress and anxiety of college students. On comparing the stress and anxiety among students of different stream, the students of Arts was found having highest stress and anxiety during examination followed by commerce students. There was no significant difference found in the stress and anxiety level of undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Adaptive pulse compression repair processing

It is well known that the standard matched filter used in radar pulse compression generates range sidelobes in the vicinity of large targets which can result in the masking of smaller nearby targets. Recently, pulse compression repair (PCR) was proposed as a means of suppressing the range sidelobes after matched filtering has taken place. This is especially applicable to in-service radar systems, where one may not have access to the received signal prior to standard pulse compression or where it may not be feasible to replace the current pulse-compression system. The PCR algorithm adaptively operates on the output of the standard matched filter, thereby treating the autocorrelation of the received waveform as if it were the transmitted waveform. This paper examines the effects of the Doppler mismatch on the PCR algorithm in which the resulting correlation between the transmitted waveform and the Doppler-shifted received waveform is mismatched to the waveform autocorrelation. It is shown that PCR degrades gracefully as Doppler mismatch increases, even in dense target scenarios.
mTOR links oncogenic signaling to tumor cell metabolism

As a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) has been the subject of intense investigation for its role in tumor development and progression. This research has revealed a signaling network of oncogenes and tumor suppressors lying upstream of mTORC1, and oncogenic perturbations to this network result in the aberrant activation of this kinase complex in the majority of human cancers. However, the molecular events downstream of mTORC1 contributing to tumor cell growth and proliferation are just coming to light. In addition to its better-known functions in promoting protein synthesis and suppressing autophagy, mTORC1 has emerged as a key regulator of cellular metabolism. Recent studies have found that mTORC1 activation is sufficient to stimulate an increase in glucose uptake, glycolysis, and de novo lipid biosynthesis, which are considered metabolic hallmarks of cancer, as well as the pentose phosphate pathway. Here, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of metabolic regulation by mTORC1 and the potential consequences for anabolic tumor growth and therapeutic strategies.
Pulmonary lavage as a source of human surfactant

thyroxine and reverse triiodothyronine in human milk. Endocrinol Jpn 26:507, 1979. 5. Oberkotter LV, Tenore A: Separation and radioimmunoassay of T3 and T4 in human breast milk. Hormone Res 17:11, 1983. 6. Jansson L, Ivarsson S, Larsson I, Ekman R: Triiodothyronine and thyroxine in human milk. Acta Paediatr Seand 72:703, 1983. 7. Mizuta H, Amino N, Ichihara K, Harada T, Nose O, Tanizawa O, Miyai K: Thyroid hormones in human milk and their influence on thyroid function of breast-fed babies. Pediatr Res 17:468, 1983. 8. Hahn HB Jr, Spiekerman AM, Otto WR, Hossalla DE: Thyroid function tests in neonates fed human milk. Am J Dis Child 137:220, 1983. 9. Letarte J, Guyda H, Dussault JH, Glorieux J: Lack of protective effect of breast-feeding in congenital hypothyroidism: Report of 12 cases. Pediatrics 65:703, 1980. 10. Abbassi V, Steinour TA: Successful diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in four breast-fed neonates. J PEmATR 97:259, 1980. 11. Carter P: Preparation of ligand-free human serum for radioimmunoassay by adsorption on activated charcoal. Clin Chem 24:362, 1978.
Vitamin D and depressive symptoms in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background Vitamin D deficiency has been hypothesized to play a role in the development of depression. Hypovitaminosis D is almost universal in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). No studies to date have explored associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a standard measure of vitamin D, and depression in patients with CF. Objective This pilot study aimed to explore the relationship between 25(OH)D and the presence of depressive symptoms among youth with CF. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at an ambulatory Cystic Fibrosis Center clinic. Serum 25(OH)D and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scores were analyzed from 38 youths with CF ages 7–17 years. Child depressive symptoms were measured using the CDI, with scores above 12 indicating a significant level of depressive symptoms. Serum 25(OH)D concentration were measured using the liaison 25 OH vitamin D assay. Insufficient vitamin D status was defined as a circulating 25(OH)D concentration less than 30 ng/mL. Results Insufficient vitamin D levels were found in 59% of patients; 28% of patients had significant levels of depressive symptoms on the CDI (scores >12). Serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with CDI scores (r = −0.55; p Conclusions 25(OH)D insufficiency was associated with depressive symptoms in this cohort of youth with CF. Future rigorous studies investigating vitamin D and depression in CF are warranted with larger sample sizes using confirmatory methods to diagnose depressive disorders.
Assessing the Impact of State Judicial Structures on Citizen Litigiousness

Some researchers argue over the existence of a “litigation explosion,” while others seek to understand the causes of variation in citizen legal mobilization and rates of litigation among states. Existing studies have provided important insight into citizens’ propensity to invoke the state courts to settle disputes; however, there remain unresolved questions concerning state litigation rates. The authors argue that the structural aspects of state judicial systems, specifically the professionalism of the courts and method of judicial selection, have important implications for litigiousness. They further suggest that the effects of these institutional structural characteristics are conditioned on the political environment of the state in which they operate. The authors consider tort litigation rates in ten states over twenty years to assess the proposition that these institutional structural characteristics of state court systems affect state citizen legal mobilization, expressed as litigation rates.
Comprehensive presurgical functional MRI language evaluation in adult patients with epilepsy

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to replace the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) in presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy. In this study, we compared fMRI verb generation (VG) and semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) tasks and the IAP in their ability to localize language functions in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. We enrolled 50 healthy controls to establish normal language activation patterns for VG and SDTD tasks at 3 or 4 T, and to design language regions of interest (ROIs) that were later applied to 38 patients with epilepsy (28 of 38 also underwent the IAP). We calculated laterality indices (LIs) for each task for each subject based on the ROIs, and we used general linear modeling to analyze the fMRI data. All healthy and epileptic subjects activated language areas with both fMRI tasks. We found significant correlations in language lateralization between the fMRI tasks (r=0.495, P<0.001) and between VG and IAP (r=0.652, P<0.001) and SDTD and IAP (r=0.735, P<0.001). The differences in LIs between SDTD and VG tasks were small and not affected by age, gender, epilepsy status, handedness, or performance. SDTD and VG tasks combined explained approximately 58.4% in the variability of the IAP/language. In the general linear modeling, only the SDTD task significantly contributed to the determination of language lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. Results indicate a moderate convergent validity between both fMRI language tasks and between IAP and fMRI tasks. The results of this study indicate that either of these fMRI tasks can be used for language lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation, but that the SDTD task is likely to provide more information regarding language lateralization than the VG task.
Stress states at neighboring fibers induced by single-fiber interphase defects

Abstract A reduced interphase stiffness of a single fiber (the dissimilar fiber) in a unidirectionally reinforced composite gives rise to stress deviations in its own interphase, as well as in the interphases of neighboring fibers, relative to the stresses in a perfect composite. For transverse loading and an arbitrary cross-sectional distribution of the fibers, a general method is presented to calculate these stress deviations, based on solutions by the boundary element method of boundary integral equations for the dissimilar fiber and neighboring fibers. In this method nearest and next-nearest fibers are taken into account. The interphases are represented by the spring layer model. Detailed numerical results are presented for the special case of a hexagonal array composite. Results are compared for calculations taking into account nearest and next-nearest neighbors. Stresses at the matrix sides of the interphases and energy densities in the interphases have been calculated for the dissimilar fiber and for the next-nearest neighbors. These stresses have also been obtained for the case that the dissimilar fiber has interphase flaws.
HLA class II meets β2-glycoprotein I.

In this issue of Blood, Tanimura et al describe an interaction between certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and misfolded β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). This complex is expressed on the surface of HLA class II–expressing placental endothelial cells, and it is a target for the autoantibodies against β2GPI seen in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), providing a mechanistic basis for pregnancy-related morbidity in these patients.1
Active sonar detection in multipath: A New bispectral analysis approach

Detecting active sonar returns in multipath media is a central underwater signal processing problem. This paper studies a new approach to active sonar detection using bispectral analysis of sonar data. Its sensitivity to non-stationarities is used to develop a threshold detector that can be applied to broad classes of signals and noise. Precise statistical descriptions of the underwater medium and noise are not required. Theoretical analyses predicting its performance as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and time-bandwidth product are presented. Computer simulation experiments verify the results and show that its performance compares favorably to that of conventional detectors.
Unilateral abducens nerve palsy in a child with rapidly increasing head circumference

A 12-month-old healthy, normally developing boy presented with rapidly increasing head circumference over 2 months and 1 week of strabismus. Head circumference was 50 cm (>99th percentile; mother = 59.5 cm; father = 56.5 cm). Examination showed limited abduction OD, overshoot of adduction OD, and no papilledema. MRI (figure) showed the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery traversing the root entry zone of the right abducens nerve, a cause of unilateral cranial nerve VI palsy recognized in adults1 but not in children.2 Neuroimaging was otherwise normal. The patient was diagnosed with benign familial macrocephaly and discharged with ophthalmology follow-up for conservative management.
Biomechanics of Vertebral Fractures and the Vertebral Fracture Cascade

Vertebral fractures (VFxs) are the most common osteoporotic fracture, and are a strong risk factor for future fracture. The presence of a VFx greatly increases the risk of sustaining subsequent VFxs—a phenomenon often referred to as the “vertebral fracture cascade.” VFxs do not occur uniformly along the spine, but occur more often at the mid-thoracic and thoracolumbar regions than elsewhere. It is likely that both the vertebral fracture cascade and the bimodal distribution of VFx along the spine are attributable to biomechanical factors. VFxs occur when the forces applied to the vertebral body exceed its strength. Loading on the spine is primarily determined by a person’s height, weight, muscle forces, and the task or movement performed, but can also be affected by other factors, such as spinal curvature and invertebral disk deterioration. Vertebral strength is determined mainly by bone size, shape, and bone mineral density, and secondarily by bone microarchitecture, collagen characteristics, and microdamage. Better understanding of VFx etiology is hampered by the fact that most VFxs do not come to clinical attention; therefore, the factors and activities that cause VFxs remain ill defined, including possible differences in the etiology of acute fractures versus those of slow onset. Additional research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanical, morphologic, and biological mechanisms that underlie VFx to improve strategies for assessing VFx risk and preventing the vertebral fracture cascade.
In search of lost time: on game goals and failure costs

Some time ago, when most video games gave players a limited number of lives, or retries, the difficulty of a game could be measured by how often the player failed in a game. In this paper, I will argue that since video games moved toward giving players infinite retries, the amount of time the player loses when failing is now a better measure of how difficulty impacts the player.To fail in a game, whether failing at the whole game or at a minor task, means that some of the time invested towards the goal has been lost. This is the cost of failure in games, measured in time. But not all goals are the same, and so time can be invested and lost in different ways. When running out of energy in BioShock and being respawned at a new location, some time has been lost, but the goal of completing the game is still achievable. On the other hand, if losing a multiplayer game of Modern Warfare 2, the goal of winning that particular match is forever lost. The former type of goal is permanent; the latter type of goal is transient and tied to that particular instance of the game. The meaning of a player's time investment in a game is different depending on the goal type of the game.Finally, the paper argues that the cost of failure has a psychological component determined by how failure is communicated and by the extent to which replaying game sections is repetitive. Combining this psychological component with the time lost by failing results in a general measure of failure cost.
Report on the analysis of common beverages spiked with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) using NMR and the PURGE solvent-suppression technique.

Abstract In forensic evidence, the identification and quantitation of gamma -hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in "spiked" beverages is challenging. In this report, we present the analysis of common alcoholic beverages found in clubs and bars spiked with gamma -hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma -butyrolactone (GBL). Our analysis of the spiked beverages consisted of using 1 H NMR with a water suppression method called Presaturation Utilizing Relaxation Gradients and Echoes (PURGE). The following beverages were analyzed: water, 10% ethanol in water, vodka–cranberry juice, rum and coke, gin and tonic, whisky and diet coke, white wine, red wine, and beer. The PURGE method allowed for the direct identification and quantitation of both compounds in all beverages except red and white wine where small interferences prevented accurate quantitation. The NMR method presented in this paper utilizes PURGE water suppression. Thanks to the use of a capillary internal standard, the method is fast, non-destructive, sensitive and requires no sample preparation which could disrupt the equilibrium between GHB and GBL.
Day-to-day reproducibility of antiarrhythmic drug trials using programmed extrastimulus techniques for ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with coronary artery disease☆

Forty-nine patients with coronary artery disease and documented clinical sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) were studied twice in the drug-free state and twice during treatment with an identical antiarrhythmic medication at therapeutic plasma concentrations using an identical programmed electrical stimulation protocol. Tested drugs included procainamide, quinidine, disopyramide and phenytoin. During their 2 paired tests, 11 patients had nearly identical therapeutic plasma concentrations of antiarrhythmic agents (group I) and 38 patients had therapeutic plasma concentrations, but with more variation in drug levels between otherwise identical paired drug tests (group II). Overall, 71% of patients had inducible sustained VT or VF during drug testing. Induced ventricular arrhythmias were not reproducible in 45% of group I patients, despite restudy at nearly identical therapeutic plasma concentrations of an identical antiarrhythmic agent. Induced arrhythmias were also not reproducible in 16% of group II patients. This variability could not be attributed to the electrophysiologic characteristics of the patients studied. Drug trials directed by programmed stimulation should be cautiously interpreted because time-associated changes can mimic a change attributed to a beneficial or deleterious drug effect.