cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The recovery of silver after lead collection and perchloric acid parting

Abstract A method is described for determination of silver, which eliminates cupellation. The sample is fused with lead flux and the resulting lead assay button is parted with perchloric acid after heating at ca. 180°C. Complete precipitation of silver chloride is attained by dilution and overnight standing. After filtration and dissolution of the precipitate in ammonia, silver is determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results on samples of varying nature and composition are higher than those obtained by the classical lead-cupellation method.
Effect of pretreatment with cysteine on survival of mice exposed to external and internal irradiation.

Conclusions and Summary1. CFW and dba mice were pretreated with small (125 and 250 mg./kg) doses of cysteine (pH 1.0 or 6.5) before irradiation with lethal doses of x-rays (600 r). It was found that 10 to 14 days after irradiation the percentage of surviving animals was consistently higher in cysteine pretreated group than in irradiated not pretreated controls. These results illustrate “protective” effect of cysteine against radiation. 2. In new mice prepared with high doses (more than 800 mg/kg) of cysteine the x-ray treatment was followed immediately by death or agony. In mice treated by one of these factors alone, the condition was affected only after several days. Thus, the rapid lethal effect of combined treatment with cysteine (high doses) and x-rays is interpreted as potentiation of one factor by the other. 3. This effect of high doses of cysteine was absent in x-ray treated mice possessing copious peritoneal exudate due to the growth of free S-37 cells in the peritoneal fluid. This failure of cyst...
Improved method for morphine extraction from biological samples.

Methadone, morphine, or naloxone extraction from brain homogenates, plasma, and urine is described. An aqueous sample was loaded on a surgical gauze support, which was washed with extracting solvents. Aqueous samples remained on the support, and nonpolar drugs partitioned into the lipophilic extracting solvent. The procedure recovered 80–100% of nanogram levels of methadone, morphine, or naloxone from biological samples. In addition, an approximate 10-fold timesaving capacity was demonstrated compared to standard liquid-liquid extraction techniques.
Magnetization Dynamics on the Nanoscale

A spin-polarized current can be used to reverse the magnetization of a ferromagnet. We observed the switching mechanism involved in spin transfer devices using time resolved x-ray microscopy.
Things we cannot say: “Writing for your life” and stories in English education

(1996). Things we cannot say: “Writing for your life” and stories in English education. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 35, Situated Pedagogies: Classroom Practices in Postmodern Times, pp. 110-116.
Neurotoxic effects of amphetamine plus L-DOPA

1. Male Swiss Webster mice were administered a series of amphetamine injections preceded by either saline or L-DOPA. 2. This injection regimen was performed for either one, two or three consecutive weeks and neurotoxic effects of the drugs were determined one week later. 3. Amphetamine treatment for two weeks produced a greater striata-dopaminergic lesion that treatment for only one week. Three weeks of treatment did not exacerbate the lesion, indicating that the damage had reached maximal levels. 4. L-DOPA pretreatment did not significantly alter any of the toxic effects of the amphetamine. Therefore, some dopaminergic neurons may be resistant to the toxic effects of amphetamine.
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER, CERVICAL CANCER, AND THE ADNEXAL MASS

Cancers of the endometrium, cervix, and ovaries account for nearly 25,000 annual deaths among women in the United States. In recent years, better understanding of the causes and risk factors associated with gynecologic malignancies has contributed to more effective screening and early diagnosis. Abnormal uterine bleeding, a palpable adnexal mass, or vague abdominal complaints in women older than 40 can be signs of cancer. Regular pelvic examination, combined with appropriate use of the Papanicolaou's smear, endometrial biopsy, transvaginal sonography, and other tests, is recommended.
Geostatistical-inspired fast layout optimisation of a nano-CMOS thermal sensor

Continuous and aggressive scaling of semiconductor technology has led to persistent and dominant nanoscale effects on analogue/mixed-signal (AMS) circuits. Design space exploration and optimisation costs using conventional techniques have increased to infeasible levels. Hence, growing research for alternative design and metamodelling techniques with a much reduced design space exploration and optimisation cost and high level of accuracy, continues to be very active. This study presents a geostatistical inspired metamodelling and optimisation technique for fast and accurate design optimisation of nano-complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. The design methodology proposed integrates a simple Kriging technique with efficient and accurate prediction characteristics as the metamodel generation technique. A gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is applied on the generated metamodel (substituted for the circuit netlist) to solve the design optimisation problem. The proposed methodology is applicable to AMS circuits and systems. Its effectiveness is illustrated with the optimisation of a 45 nm CMOS thermal sensor. With six design parameters, the design optimisation time for the thermal sensor is decreased by 90% and produces an improvement of 36.8% in power consumption. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first work to use GSA for analogue design optimisation.
Perturbing Fredholm operators to obtain invertible operators

Abstract A condition is given on a set Ol of operators on Hilbert space that guarantees it has the following property: For any Fredholm operator T of index zero there exists an Aϵ A such that T + ϵA is invertible for all sufficiently small nonzero ϵ. As a corollary one obtains in a quite general setting the density of the invertible Toeplitz operators in the set of Fredholm Toeplitz operators of index zero.
Unique properties of NADPH- and NADH-dependent metabolism of p-nitroanisole catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 isozyme 2 in pulmonary and hepatic microsomal preparations from rabbits

Approximately 90% of the NADPH- and NADH-dependent O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole (PNA) in the hepatic microsomal fraction from phenobarbital (PB)-treated rabbits and in the pulmonary microsomal fraction from untreated rabbits is catalyzed by the same isozyme of cytochrome P-450. This isozyme of cytochrome P-450 catalyzes less than 60% of this reaction in the hepatic microsomal fraction from untreated rabbits. Antibodies to NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase inhibit NADPH-dependent metabolism of p-nitroanisole by about 90% but have no effect on NADH-dependent metabolism. Hepatic NADPH-dependent metabolism of pNA and reduction of cytochrome c are inhibited to the same extent with varying amounts of antibodies to NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase. The same relationship between inhibition of monooxygenase and reductase activities is observed for the hepatic and pulmonary metabolism of benzphetamine and 7-ethoxycoumarin. In contrast, the relationship between inhibition of the pulmonary NADPH-dependent metabolism of pNA and reductase activity is biphasic; at 75% inhibition of reductase activity, metabolism of pNA is inhibited by less than 25%. For NADH-dependent metabolism of pNA, our results indicate that both electrons are transferred to cytochrome P-450 from cytochrome b5.
Brief paper: Dynamic buffer management using optimal control of hybrid systems

This paper studies a dynamic buffer management problem with one buffer inserted between two interacting components. The component to be controlled is assumed to have multiple power modes corresponding to different data processing rates. The overall system is modeled as a hybrid system and the buffer management problem is formulated as an optimal control problem. Different from many previous studies, the objective function of the proposed problem depends on the switching cost and the size of the continuous state space, making its solution much more challenging. By exploiting some particular features of the problem, the best mode sequence and the optimal switching instants are characterized analytically using a variational approach. Simulation results based on real data shows that the proposed method can significantly reduce the energy consumption compared with another heuristic scheme in several typical situations.
Magnetic and structural studies in R-BaCuO superconductors made by rapid solidification

Abstract The magnetic and structural properties of rapidly solidified RBaCuO superconducting compounds have been studied. The melt-spun samples had a spherical shape with a diameter in the range of 0.1–2 mm. The superconducting phase was produced by a subsequent anneal at around 900°C. Magnetic hysteresis loops on superconducting samples indicate a strong flux pinning. The critical current density is presented as a function of temperature. SEM data showed a very fine grain structure with a grain size around 1–2 μm.
Copper sensing with a prion protein modified nanopipette

Protein–metal interactions determine and regulate many biological functions. Nanopipettes functionalized with peptide moieties can be used as sensors for metal ions in solution.
Effect of support flexibility on the fundamental frequency of vibrating beams

Abstract The effect of rotational and translational support flexibility on the fundamental frequency of both an almost-clamped-clamped beam and a flexibly supported cantilever beam is considered. In each case the effect of a rotationally flexible support becomes more pronounced for decreasing values of the length-to-depth ratio. It is shown that the effect of end-fixity on the fundamental frequency can be of a magnitude equal to or greater than that due to the effect of shear deformation or rotatory inertia. Results using Bernoulli-Euler beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory are compared. Expressions are formulated that give the fundamental frequency as a function of the support flexibility, length to depth ratio and fundamental frequency for a rigid support.
Comparisons of the Nucleotide Substitution Process Among Repetitive Segments of the α- and β-Spectrin Genes

The actin–cross-linking protein spectrin is a prominent component of the membrane cytoskeleton. Spectrin is a tetramer of two antiparallel αβ-dimers which share a unique and ancient gene structure. The α-spectrin and β-spectrin genes are composed primarily of tandemly repeated 106-amino-acid segments, each of which forms a triple α-helical coiled coil. Both the genes and the repeats themselves are homologous. The two genes are thought to be the result of a gene duplication event, and each gene is the product of duplications of the 106-amino-acid repeats. In this work we compare the process of molecular evolution across the repeated segments of the α- and β-spectrin genes. We find that the α-spectrin segments have, for the most part, evolved in a homogeneous fashion, while considerable heterogeneity is found among β-spectrin segments. Several segments with unique known functions are found to have evolved differently than the others. On the basis of heterogeneity of the evolutionary process, we suggest that at least one repeat has a unique function that has yet to be documented. We also present new statistical methods for comparing the evolutionary process between different regions of DNA sequences.
Harnessing the power of theta: natural manipulations of cognitive performance during hippocampal theta-contingent eyeblink conditioning.

Neurobiological oscillations are regarded as essential to normal information processing, including coordination and timing of cells and assemblies within structures as well as in long feedback loops of distributed neural systems. The hippocampal theta rhythm is a 3-12 Hz oscillatory potential observed during cognitive processes ranging from spatial navigation to associative learning. The lower range, 3-7 Hz, can occur during immobility and depends upon the integrity of cholinergic forebrain systems. Several studies have shown that the amount of pre-training theta in the rabbit strongly predicts the acquisition rate of classical eyeblink conditioning and that impairment of this system substantially slows the rate of learning. Our lab has used a brain-computer interface that delivers eyeblink conditioning trials contingent upon the explicit presence or absence of hippocampal theta. A behavioral benefit of theta-contingent training has been demonstrated in both delay and trace forms of the paradigm with a two- to four-fold increase in learning speed. This behavioral effect is accompanied by enhanced amplitude and synchrony of hippocampal local field potentials, multiple-unit excitation, and single-unit response patterns that depend on theta state. Additionally, training in the presence of hippocampal theta has led to increases in the salience of tone-induced unit firing patterns in the medial prefrontal cortex, followed by persistent multi-unit activity during the trace interval. In cerebellum, rhythmicity and precise synchrony of stimulus time-locked local field potentials with those of hippocampus occur preferentially under the theta condition. Here we review these findings, integrate them into current models of hippocampal-dependent learning and suggest how improvement in our understanding of neurobiological oscillations is critical for theories of medial temporal lobe processes underlying intact and pathological learning.
A distributed source coding technique for correlated images using turbo-codes

The Slepian-Wolf (1973) theorem states that the output of two correlated sources can be compressed to the same extent without loss, whether they communicate with each other or not, provided that decompression takes place at a joint decoder. We present a distributed source coding scheme for correlated images which uses modulo encoding of pixel values and encoding (compression) of the resulting symbols with binary and nonbinary turbo-codes, so that larger rate savings than using modulo encoding. alone are achieved, practically without loss.
RESPONSE OF MICE TO A CHROMIC PHOSPHATE INJECTION.

FOLLOWING single injections of organic and inorganic particulate material into experimental animals, systemic shock symptoms and numerical shifts in blood cells have been observed. For example, peripheral eosinophilia has been observed in guinea pigs following a single intravenous injection of keratin1, peritoneal eosinophilia in normal mice following a single peritoneal injection of asbestos fibres2, and peritoneal eosinophilia in both normal and adrenalectomized mice following a single peritoneal injection of pollen, albumin, horse serum, ascaris extract and keratin3,4. The ‘macro-molecular syndrome’ produced by organic molecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and combinations of these substances has been discussed by Hueper5. Systemic shock symptoms and changes in blood cell number characterized by an eosinophilia, a leucopenia and a relative lymphocytosis have been observed following immune anaphylaxis5.
Periodization of pyschological skills training.

The concept of periodization of training as developed by Bompa, meaning “structuring training phases to lead to the highest level of speed, strength, and endurance”, and “the division of the annual plan to ensure an optimal performance for the main competition” has been fully embraced by sport training in the past 10 years. This presentation will propose a model of periodization of psychological skills training. In order to optimize performance, a plan must be devised that will combine the specific needs of the athlete, the requirements of the sport and the concrete demands of the different training phases. A classification of psychological skills in terms of foundation skills, performance skills and facilitative skills will be discussed and the timing and order of teaching these skills will be suggested within the framework of the three main elements indicated above. An example, using long and triple jump as the sport activity will be used to illustrate in detail the proposed model.
Using direct clinical observation to assess the quality of cesarean delivery in Afghanistan: an exploratory study.

As part of a National Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmONC) Needs Assessment, a special study was undertaken in July 2010 to examine the quality of cesarean deliveries in Afghanistan and examine the utility of direct clinical observation as an assessment method in low-resource settings. This cross-sectional assessment of the quality of cesareans at 14 facilities in Afghanistan included a survey of surgeons regarding their routine cesarean practices, direct observation of 29 cesarean deliveries and comparison of observations with facility records for 34 additional cesareans conducted during the 3 days prior to the observation period at each facility. For both observed cases and record reviews, we assessed time intervals between specified points of care-arrival to the ward, first evaluation, detection of a complication, decision for cesarean, incision, and birth. All time intervals with the exception of “decision to skin incision” were longer in the record reviews than in observed cases. Prior cesarean was the most common primary indication for all cases. All mothers in both groups observed survived through one hour postpartum. Among newborns there were two stillbirths (7%) in observed births and seven (21%) record reviews. Although our sample is too small to show statistical significance, the difference is noteworthy. In six of the reviewed cesareans resulting in stillbirth, a fetal heart rate was recorded in the operating theater, although four were recorded as macerated. For the two fresh stillbirths, the cesarean surgeries were recorded as scheduled and not urgent. Direct observation of cesarean deliveries enabled us to assess a number of preoperative, postoperative, and intraoperative procedures that are often not described in medical records in low resource settings. Comparison of observations with findings from provider interviews and facility records allowed us to infer whether observed practices were typical of providers and facilities and detect potential Hawthorne effects.
Abstract 1490: p38 MAPK mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating p38IP and snail in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Objectives: Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate HNSCC metastasis may enable identification of novel therapeutic targets. We have reported the role of the E-cadherin transcriptional repressor, Snail, in the inflammation-induced promotion of EMT in HNSCC. Herein we demonstrate that inflammatory mediators also upregulate p38 and p38 interacting protein (p38IP), thus further defining the cycle by which inflammation promotes tumor progression. Methods: A molecular biology study. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and 3-D spheroid culture were used to determine how inflammation affects p38, p38IP and EMT. Results: p38 kinase inhibitor treated, and p38 shRNA HNSCC cell lines demonstrated a significant upregulation in E-cadherin mRNA and a decrease in the mRNA expression of the transcriptional repressor Snail. p38 shRNA HNSCC cell lines show a less invasive phenotype in a spheroid model, and demonstrate decreased tumor growth in a SCID mouse model. An inverse relationship between p-p38 and E-cadherin was demonstrated in situ by immunohistochemical staining of human HNSCC tissue sections. Activation of p38 is required for the robust IL-1β induced E-cadherin downregulation and Snail upregulation. IL-1β increases p-p38 and has a more rapid and robust effect on p38. Snail overexpression also enhanced p-p38 in vitro. Inhibition of p38 blocked HNSCC tumor growth in vivo. p38 activates p38IP, a p38 downstream component in STAGA transcriptional activator complex, in HNSCC cell lines. p38 bound to and stabilized p38IP, a subunit of histone acetyltransferase STAGA, resulting in enhanced transcription of Snail. Inhibition of p38IP blocked HNSCC migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. In HNSCC patient samples, p38IP expression was increased compared to adjacent normal tissue. Conclusions: In gastrulation, a Snail-independent P38/P38IP pathway is required in the primitive streak to downregulate E-cadherin expression at the posttranscriptional level. Herein we provide the first report that in HNSCC a snail-dependent p38/p38IP pathway is essential for E-cadherin down-regulation and cell invasion. Our work herein demonstrates for the first time that a snail-p38/p38IP feedback loop jointly down regulates E-cadherin and drives a potent EMT in HNSCC. This newly defined pathway has important implications for targeted chemoprevention and therapy. Citation Format: Yuan Lin, Guangyu Wang, Jie Luo, Chi Lai, Elliot Abemayor, David Elashoff, Steve Dubinett, Maie A. St. John. p38 MAPK mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating p38IP and snail in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1490
An analysis of polynomial chaos approximations for modeling single-fluid-phase flow in porous medium systems

We examine a variety of polynomial-chaos-motivated approximations to a stochastic form of a steady state groundwater flow model. We consider approaches for truncating the infinite dimensional problem and producing decoupled systems. We discuss conditions under which such decoupling is possible and show that to generalize the known decoupling by numerical cubature, it would be necessary to find new multivariate cubature rules. Finally, we use the acceleration of Monte Carlo to compare the quality of polynomial models obtained for all approaches and find that in general the methods considered are more efficient than Monte Carlo for the relatively small domains considered in this work. A curse of dimensionality in the series expansion of the log-normal stochastic random field used to represent hydraulic conductivity provides a significant impediment to efficient approximations for large domains for all methods considered in this work, other than the Monte Carlo method.
Variability of acute ST-segment predicted myocardial infarct size in the absence of thrombolytic therapy.

Abstract The consistency of the predictions using the formulas of Aldrich et al1 is dependent on the stability of the ST-segment deviations. In the present study, it was determined that 2 3 of patients were in a period of ST-segment stability, and 1 3 of patients were in a period of ST-segment lability. The clinical decision regarding reperfusion therapy will typically be made on the basis of the appearance of the initial ECG. Continuous ST-segment monitoring during the time required to administer this therapy should determine whether the individual patient is in the stable majority or the labile minority. In a study by Hackett et al7 of 38 patients with acute pain and ST-segment elevation, 8 had documented ST-segment lability before thrombolytic therapy. Because such transient episodes cannot be determined from a single ECG, continuous ST-segment monitoring should be used until the ST segments remain sufficiently stable for the application of the formulas. A further study is required to identify the length of ST monitoring time required to determine the stability of ST-segment deviation in individual patients.
The Conditioning Role of State Higher Education Governance Structures

This article reports on a study that examined whether the presence of a consolidated governing board for higher education conditions the impact various political factors have on state support for higher education. The existence of a consolidated governing board is shown to significantly alter the politics of the state higher education appropriations process.
Lacan’s subversion of the subject

I explore Lacan's theory of the subject by responding to two well-known criticisms of it, found in Borch-Jacobsen's Lacan and Lacoue-Labarthe and Nancy's The Title of the Letter. I argue that the relation of the subject to language is an important part of Lacan's theory, but his conception of the subject cannot be reduced to language, as the critiques allege. The real must be included in the picture too. I then discuss the situation of Lacan's subject between language and the real, and conclude with a contrast of Lacan's subversion of the subject to a Derridean paleonymic approach.
Corporate Scandal and the Theory of the Firm: Formulating the Contributions of Organizational Communication Studies

Corporate scandals generate public scrutiny of organizational communication practices, invoke discourses about systemic change, and problematize firms' legitimacy as communication agents. According...
CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of spinal tumors for pain control and quality of life

Object. The authors conducted a study to assess safety, pain, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes following CyberKnife radiosurgical treatment of spinal tumors. Methods. Data obtained in all patients with spinal tumors who underwent CyberKnife radiosurgery at Georgetown University Hospital between March 2002 and March 2003 were analyzed. Patients underwent examination, visual analog scale (VAS) pain assessment, and completed the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months following treatment. Fifty-one patients with 72 lesions (58 metastatic and 14 primary) were treated. The mean follow-up period was 1 year. Pain was improved, with the mean VAS score decreasing significantly from 51.5 to 21.3 at 4 weeks (p < 0.001). This effect on pain was durable, with a mean score of 17.5 at 1 year, which was still significantly decreased (p = 0.002). Quality of life was maintained throughout the study period. After 18 months, physical well-being was 33 (initial scor...
A parallel distributed processing model of stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response compatibility.

A parallel distributed processing (PDP) model is proposed to account for choice reaction time (RT) performance in diverse cognitive and perceptual tasks such as the Stroop task, the Simon task, the Eriksen flanker task, and the stimulus-response compatibility task that are interrelated in terms of stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response overlap (Kornblum, 1992). In multilayered (input-intermediate-output) networks, neuron-like nodes that represent stimulus and response features are grouped into mutually inhibitory modules that represent stimulus and response dimensions. The stimulus-stimulus overlap is implemented by a convergence of two input modules onto a common intermediate module, and the stimulus-response overlap by direct pathways representing automatic priming of outputs. Mean RTs are simulated in various simple tasks and, furthermore, predictions are generated for complex tasks based on performance in simpler tasks. The match between simulated and experimental results lends strong support for our PDP model of compatibility.
Current concepts in periodontal bioengineering

Repair of tooth supporting alveolar bone defects caused by periodontal and peri-implant tissue destruction is a major goal of reconstructive therapy. Oral and craniofacial tissue engineering has been achieved with limited success by the utilization of a variety of approaches such as cell-occlusive barrier membranes, bone substitutes and autogenous block grafting techniques. Signaling molecules such as growth factors have been used to restore lost tooth support because of damage by periodontal disease or trauma. This paper will review emerging periodontal therapies in the areas of materials science, growth factor biology and cell/gene therapy. Several different polymer delivery systems that aid in the targeting of proteins, genes and cells to periodontal and peri-implant defects will be highlighted. Results from preclinical and clinical trials will be reviewed using the topical application of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2 and BMP-7) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) for periodontal and peri-implant regeneration. The paper concludes with recent research on the use of ex vivo and in vivo gene delivery strategies via gene therapy vectors encoding growth promoting and inhibiting molecules (PDGF, BMP, noggin and others) to regenerate periodontal structures including bone, periodontal ligament and cementum.
Reversal of Heterochromatic Silencing of Quiescent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 by ICP0

Persisting latent herpes simplex virus genomes are to some degree found in a heterochromatic state, and this contributes to reduced gene expression resulting in quiescence. We used a relatively long-term quiescent infection model in human fibroblasts, followed by provision of ICP0 in trans, to determine the effects of ICP0 on the viral chromatin state as gene expression is reactivated. Expression of ICP0, even at low levels, results in a reduction of higher-order chromatin structure and heterochromatin on quiescent viral genomes, and this effect precedes an increase in transcription. Concurrent with transcriptional activation, high levels of ICP0 expression result in the reduction of the heterochromatin mark trimethylated H3K9, removal of histones H3 and H4 from the quiescent genome, and hyperacetylation of the remaining histones. In contrast, low levels of ICP0 did not appreciably change the levels of histones on the viral genome. These results indicate that ICP0 activity ultimately affects chromatin structure of quiescent genomes at multiple levels, including higher-order chromatin structure, histone modifications, and histone association. Additionally, the level of ICP0 expression affected its ability to change chromatin structure but not to reactivate gene expression. While these observations suggest that some of the effects on chromatin structure are possibly not direct, they also suggest that ICP0 exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms.
LADUNGSUBERTRAGUNG DURCH DEN DNA-BASENSTAPEL

Seit dem ersten Strukturvorschlag fur die DNA-Doppelhelix besteht eine Diskussion daruber, ob die Stapelung der DNA-Basen eine effiziente, weitreichende Ladungsubertragung ermoglicht. Die Konsequenzen einer solchen Radikalstellenwanderung durch die DNA sollten fur das Verstandnis von Carcinogenese und Mutagenese in Betracht gezogen werden. Die DNA zeichnet sich im Innern der Helix durch eine stapelformige Anordnung von heterocyclischen, aromatischen Basenpaaren aus; sie ist ein einmaliges System zur Erforschung des Elektronentransfers. In unserer Arbeitsgruppe wurden Metallkomplexe entwickelt, die zwischen die Basenpaare der DNA-Helix intercalieren und die es ermoglichen, DNA-vermittelten Elektronentransfer zu untersuchen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir einige von uns durchgefuhrte Elektronentransferreaktionen, die durch den DNA-Basenstapel vermittelt werden. In einigen dient die DNA als Brucke, und mit spektroskopischen Verfahren konnen wir untersuchen, wie der Basenstapel DNA-gebundene Donoren und Acceptoren koppelt. Die Untersuchungen deuten auf eine hohe Empfindlichkeit der Kopplung gegenuber der DNA-Intercalation hin. Wenn der DNA-Basenstapel Donoren und Acceptoren effektiv miteinander verbindet, kann er auch als ausgezeichneter Elektronentransferkanal der DNA selbst dienen, allerdings in Reaktionen, die von entfernten Positionen ausgelost wurden. Wir haben auch viele Versuche zur oxidativen DNA-Schadigung durchgefuhrt, die von einem in groserer Entfernung an der Helix fixierten Oxidationsmittel initiiert wird. Die Ladungsubertragungen hangen sehr von der DNA-Intercalation und von der Integritat des Basenstapels ab, aber nicht von der Entfernung. Auch die als DNA-Schadigung physiologisch bedeutsame Bildung von Thymindimeren kann in einer durch Elektronentransfer initiierten Reaktion ruckgangig gemacht werden. Uber grosere Entfernungen vermittelte chemische Reaktionen werden also durch die DNA-Doppelhelix ermoglicht.
Formalization and proof of secrecy properties

After looking at the security literature, you will find secrecy is formalized in different ways, depending on the application. Applications have threat models that influence our choice of secrecy properties. A property may be reasonable in one context and completely unsatisfactory in another if other threats exist. The primary goal of this paper is to foster discussion on what sorts of secrecy properties are appropriate for different applications and to investigate what they have in common. We also want to explore what is meant by secrecy in different contexts. Perhaps there is enough overlap among our threat models that we can begin to identify some key secrecy properties for wider application. Currently, secrecy is treated in rather ad hoc ways. With some agreement among calculi for expressing protocols and systems, we might even be able to use one another's proof techniques for proving secrecy.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Epitaxial Co-Au Superlattices

We describe measurements on the structural and magnetic properties of Co–Au superlattices grown on Ge–buffered (110) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. Samples have been prepared with Co layer thicknesses ranging from 5–40A and Au spacer layers of constant thickness, ∼ 16A. X–ray scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that the hcp Co layers grow epitaxially with the (0001) axis parallel to (111)Au and with the in–plane Co[1120] axis parallel to GaAs[001]. SQUID magnetometer measurements reveal a crossover in the magnetic anisotropy of the as–grown samples such that the easy axis is perpendicular to the substrate plane when the Co layer thickness is less than ∼19A.
Revealing Land Cover Change in California With Satellite Data

The conversion of natural land cover into human-dominated cover types continues to be a change of global proportions with many unknown environmental consequences. Noteworthy conversions of this type include tree stand harvests in forested regions, urbanization, and agricultural intensification in former woodland and natural grassland areas. Determining where, when, and why natural ecosystem conversions occur is a crucial scientific concern [Foley et al., 2005]. Characteristics of the land cover can have important impacts on local climate, radiation balance, biogeochemistry, hydrology and the diversity and abundance of terrestrial species [Randerson et al., 2006]. Consequently, understanding trends in land cover conversion at local scales is a requirement for making useful numerical predictions about other regional and global changes. It is urgent that accurate, timely, and economical tools be made available to document these conversions and aid in the management of their impacts.
Influence of forage type, ratio of forage to concentrate, and methionine hydroxy analog on performance of dairy cows.

Abstract In a 2-yr study, 44 primiparous and 77 multiparous cows were assigned to one of 12 dietary treatments (2 × 3 × 2 factorial). Treatments were two forages (alfalfa or smooth bromegrass), three percentages of grain (40, 50, or 60% of diet DM), and two percentages of methionine hydroxy analog (0 or .15% of diet DM). Feeds were offered as total mixed diets. Data collection began 4 d postpartum and continued through 116 d postpartum. Dry matter intake was not affected by percentage of concentrate or forage source even though NDF of the diets ranged from 25.6 to 48.8% and ADF ranged from 15.7 to 36.8%. Cows fed bromegrass hay produced 1.5 kg/d more FCM and 1.2 kg/ d more SCM than those fed alfalfa hay. Concentrate percentage in the diet increased milk yield (28.9, 30.4, and 31.3 kg/d at 40, 50, and 60%, respectively). Methionine hydroxy analog increased milk fat percentage and yield for cows fed diets of 50 and 6096 concentrate with alfalfa hay but not for those fed diets of 50 and 60% concentrate with bromegrass hay. Effect of methionine hydroxy analog was not significant for milk fat or yield when diets of 40% concentrate were fed.
The impact of maternal obesity and weight gain on vaginal birth after cesarean section success.

Objective This study was undertaken to determine the impact of maternal obesity on success of a trial of labor (vaginal birth after cesarean section [VBAC]) after a single low transverse cesarean delivery. Study design Individual charts of women with low transverse cesarean delivery in their first viable pregnancy who underwent a VBAC in their second viable pregnancy at our urban tertiary care institution were reviewed. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was classified as underweight ( 2 ), normal (19.8-24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m 2 ), or obese (≥30 kg/m 2 ). Clinical characteristics and labor outcomes were assessed. Factors potentially affecting VBAC success were analyzed by univariate analysis. Logistic regressions were performed to determine the impact of maternal pregravid BMI on VBAC success after controlling for confounding factors. Results Of 510 women attempting a trial of labor, 337 (66%) were successful and 173 (34%) failed VBAC. Decreased VBAC success was seen in obese (54.6%) but not overweight (65.5%) women compared with women of normal BMI (70.5%), P =.003 and .36, respectively. Underweight women had more VBAC success than women of normal BMI (84.7% vs 70.5%, P =.04). Controlling for other factors, the association between increasing pregravid BMI and BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 with decreased VBAC success persisted, P =.03 and .006, respectively. Normal BMI women who became overweight before the second pregnancy had decreased VBAC success compared with those whose BMI remained normal (56.6% vs 74.2%, P =.006). However, overweight women who decreased their BMI to normal before the second pregnancy did not significantly improve VBAC success (64.0% vs 58.4%, P =.67). Conclusion Increasing pregravid BMI and weight gain between pregnancies reduce VBAC success after a single low transverse cesarean delivery.
High-Throughput 3D Structural Homology Detection via NMR Resonance Assignment

One goal of the structural genomics initiative is the identification of new protein folds. Sequence-based structural homology prediction methods are an important means for prioritizing unknown proteins for structure determination. However, an important challenge remains: two highly dissimilar sequences can have similar folds & how can we detect this rapidly, in the context of structural genomics? High-throughput NMR experiments, coupled with novel algorithms for data analysis, can address this challenge. We report an automated procedure, called HD, for detecting 3D structural homologies from sparse, unassigned protein NMR data. Our method identifies 3D models in a protein structural database whose geometries best fit the unassigned experimental NMR data. HD does not use, and is thus not limited by sequence homology. The method can also be used to confirm or refute structural predictions made by other techniques such as protein threading or homology modelling. The algorithm runs in O(pn + pn^5/2 log (cn)+p log p) time, where p is the number of proteins in the database, n is the number of residues in the target protein and c is the maximum edge weight in an integer-weighted bipartite graph. Our experiments on real NMR data from 3 different proteins against a database of 4,500 representative folds demonstrate that the method identifies closely related protein folds, including sub-domains of larger proteins, with as little as 10-30% sequence homology between the target protein (or sub-domain) and the computed model. In particular, we report no false-negatives or false-positives despite significant percentages of missing experimental data.
A structured educational intervention to improve targeted temperature management utilization after cardiac arrest.

Abstract Purpose Post-arrest targeted temperature management (TTM) has been shown to dramatically improve outcomes after resuscitation, yet studies have revealed inconsistent and slow adoption. Little is known about barriers to TTM implementation and methods to increase adoption. We hypothesized that a structured educational intervention might increase TTM use. Materials and Methods Subjects participated in mixed quantitative/qualitative surveys before and after attending a series of TTM educational courses from October 2010 to October 2011, to determine usage and barriers to implementation. A knowledge examination was also administered to participants before and after the course. Results Clinicians completed 227 surveys (129 pre-training and 98 post-training) and 343 exams (165 pre-training and 178 post-training). A ranking survey (score range 1-7; 7 as most challenging) found that communication challenges (mean score 4.7 ± 1.5) and lacking adequate education (4.3 ± 1.9) were the 2 most emphasized barriers to implementation. Post-survey results found that 95% (93/98) of respondents felt more confident initiating TTM post-intervention. There was a statistically significant increase in self-reported TTM usage after participation in the program ( P Conclusions A focused TTM program led to increased confidence and usage among participants. Future work will focus on targeted training to address specific barriers and increase TTM utilization.
Temporal congruence and the origin of birds

(2000). Temporal congruence and the origin of birds. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 197-200.
PVWatts Version 5 Manual

The NREL PVWatts R calculator is a web application developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) that estimates the electricity production of a gridconnected photovoltaic system based on a few simple inputs. PVWatts combines a number of sub-models to predict overall system performance, and includes several built-in parameters that are hidden from the user. This technical reference manual describes the sub-models, documents hidden parameters and assumptions for default values, and explains the sequence of calculations that yield the nal system energy production estimate. This reference applies to the signicantly revised version of PVWatts released by NREL in 2014.
An Information-centric Approach to Engineering and Manufacturing Cyber Physical Systems in the Defense Industry

Abstract Engineering approaches to product development in the aerospace and defense industries still engender aspects of board-based design and prototype development. Cultural inertia pushes back on the reality that products need to be rapidly developed and produced at lower costs in order to be competitive. Aircraft manufacturers have had some success using model-based design and computer simulations to eliminate prototyping, but cyber physical weapon development is still highly dependent on past engineering experience and the development of working prototypes. This paper discusses how a model-based, information-centric environment can accelerate the design of new systems. Central to this paradigm shift is the introduction of information models to complement product models. The overall goal of information-centric product development is the reduction of the traditional engineering semi-sequential process and an over-reliance on extremely precise requirements and risk mediation. In the new model, all engineering and manufacturing processes are represented as simultaneous, asynchronous events which constitute a very complex and dynamic environment.
Antilipolytic activity of 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy) acetanilide (Practolol).

SummaryThe antilipolytic activity of the beta-adrenergic blocking drug, 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy) acetanilide (practolol), was examined using the isolated fat cell preparation. The compound was found to be a competitive inhibitor of hormone-stimulated lipolysis with low intrinsic activity. As determined by pA2 values the compound was 80-100 times less potent than propranolol. In contrast to propranolol, practolol did not inhibit the lipolytic response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP nor ACTH. Practolol also failed to inhibit glucose oxidation.
The Habitat and Phenetic Variation in Phymata Americana Melin (Heteroptera)

Mason, L. G. (Dept. of Biol. Sciences, State Univ. of New York at Albany, Albany, N.Y. 12203) 1973. The Habitat and Phenetic Variation in Phymata americana Melin. Syst. Zool. 22:271-279.-In natural populations of Phymata americana year-to-year variation in a character measuring shape (i.e., amount of sculpturing of the exoskeleton) is slight or nonexistent in relatively undisturbed habitats similar to those in which the insects have presumably evolved. In "disturbed" areas associated with urbanization and agriculture, substantial (and statistically significant) year-to-year variation occurs. Year-to-year and locality-to-locality variation of thorax width (selected as a "size" measure) was more complicated, but again variation tended to be less predictable in disturbed than in undisturbed habitats. The interpretation put on these findings is that a stabilization of traits related to fitness (perhaps a more perfect "canalization" of traits) occurs in habitats to which the populations have become acclimated as regards genetic and developmental processes. Amounts of individual variation did not differ in the two types of habitats. A character chosen to represent the color pattern did not show the differences between habitat-types indicated for structural characters. The possible relationship between this result and the similar phenetic differences between geographically marginal and central populations of another insect species is discussed. [Phymata; habitat; variation.]
Measurement of the thermoelectric power factor of films over the 10-400 K range

The design and development of a novel apparatus for the simultaneous measurement of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of films is reported here. Mounting stage is integrated inside a cryostat chamber enabling measurements over the 10-400 K temperature range, intended for organic thermoelectrics. Finite element method was used to analyze the thermo-mechanical response of the sample holder. The apparatus was validated against high purity nickel film, and a very good agreement was found.
Chapter 2:Theoretical studies of selective propane oxidation and ammoxidation over vanadium-based multi-metal oxides

This chapter discusses the results of recent theoretical studies of propane oxidation and ammoxidation over binary vanadium and multicomponent vanadium-based mixed metal oxides with particular focus on the Mo–V–TeNb–O M1 phase catalyst, which is one of the most active and selective candidate systems for these selective transformation reactions of propane.
Neural substrates of vulnerability to post-surgical delirium with prospective diagnosis.

Sir, Delirium is an important public health concern due to the potential detriment to an individual’s generalized health and quality of life (Inouye et al. , 2014). Recently in Brain , Dr. Cavallari and colleagues (2016) provide evidence linking baseline microstructural brain abnormalities to delirium development and severity following non-cardiac surgery in older adults. Participants ( n = 147) underwent a preoperative MRI using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a neuropsychological battery to measure cognitive function. Postoperatively, the presence of delirium was assessed daily with the confusion assessment method (CAM) interviews. The severity of delirium was measured with the CAM-S long form. To supplement …
Mucosal Manifestations of Nutritional Deficiencies

The cause of nutritional deficiencies is either from decreased intake (i.e., a diet that lacks essential nutrients) or the inability to absorb the nutrients (i.e., gastrointestinal conditions such as celiac disease). Children are more at risk for serious complications due to nutritional deficiencies than adults. Nutritional deficiencies affect children of all socioeconomic backgrounds but are more frequently seen in children from economically disadvantaged families and in children with underlying systemic diseases.