cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO MOTION PICTURES

Skin conductance (SC) and heart rate (HR) responses to rest, to a bland and to a stressor motion picture film were examined in 20 student subjects (Ss). Ss were divided equally into a high ego strength (Es) and a low Es group on the basis of their scores on the Barron scale of the MMPI. These groups were balanced for film presentation order and did not differ significantly on trait anxiety as measured by the Taylor manifest anxiety scale. The Zuckerman multiple affect adjective check list was administered before and after both the stressor and the bland film. High Es Ss were more responsive in SC and HR under all three conditions and showed a greater range of SC values than did low Es Ss. Subjective states paralleled physiological states. High Es Ss reported significantly greater state anxiety than did low Es Ss.
VX enhances neuronal excitability and alters membrane properties of Rana catesbeiana sympathetic ganglion neurons.

1. 1.The effects of VX (10 μM) were examined on sympathetic ganglion neurons from the bullfrog using intracellular recording techniques. 2. 2. VX significantly increased the amplitude of the residual EPSP from 4.8 ± 0.86 mV (n = 4) to 13.7 ± 1.23 mV (n = 4). 3. 3. VX significantly decreased the membrane potential 5.2 ± 0.75 mV (n = 6). The input resistance and the duration of the spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP) were also reduced 69.8% and 69.6% of control, respectively. 4. 4. VX increased neuronal excitability greater than 200% (n = 5) of control. 5. 5. The VX-induced neuronal excitability may result from a reduction in the duration of the AHP and contribute to the CNS toxicity.
Holding the Line: The Eisenhower Era, 1952-1961

Alexander sees the characteristic feature of the Eisenhower era as an effort to "hold the line" against Communism, against big government, against intellectual challenge, against disruptive social change. The period 1952-1961 is examined in trenchant detail by the author, who focuses on domestic politics and foreign policy but also examines economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of the period. He scrutinizes such features of the fifties as McCarthyism, the Korean conflict, Dulles's system of global alliances, the early involvement in Vietnam, the economic boom, the appearance of giant conglomerates, the emergence of Black protest, the gathering crisis of the cities, and the impact of the mass media on popular culture. This book is lively enough for general readers and students of American history since the Second World War, yet probing and scholarly enough to interest specialists."
A first-principles characterization of water adsorption on forsterite grains

Numerical simulations examining chemical interactions of water molecules with forsterite grains have demonstrated the efficacy of nebular gas adsorption as a viable mechanism for water delivery to the terrestrial planets. Nevertheless, a comprehensive picture detailing the water-adsorption mechanisms on forsterite is not yet available. Towards this end, using accurate first-principles density functional theory, we examine the adsorption mechanisms of water on the (001), (100), (010) and (110) surfaces of forsterite. While dissociative adsorption is found to be the most energetically favourable process, two stable associative adsorption configurations are also identified. In dual-site adsorption, the water molecule interacts strongly with surface magnesium and oxygen atoms, whereas single-site adsorption occurs only through the interaction with a surface Mg atom. This results in dual-site adsorption being more stable than single-site adsorption.
Changes in regional cerebral blood flow related to line bisection discrimination and visual attention using HMPAO-SPECT.

Abstract Behavioral tasks requiring visual–spatial discrimination such as line bisection are used clinically to assess right hemisphere function, yet the anatomical substrate of line bisection has yet to be elucidated by functional imaging. In the current study, nine right-handed, healthy adult subjects underwent split-dose technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography during performance of two visual tasks. Statistical parametric maps that represented significant changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) for each task were generated. Increases in rCBF were seen in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the insula, and the superior temporal lobe with a line-bisection discrimination task, whereas increases in the visual association areas, the posterior cingulate gyrus bilaterally, and the anterior cingulate gyrus on the right were seen with a similar control task which required sustained visual attention, but no visual spatial discrimination. We conclude that distinct areas in the nondominant hemisphere can be shown to be active during performance of line-bisection discrimination and sustained visual attention.
PET-CT scans in recurrent or persistent differentiated thyroid cancer: is there added utility beyond conventional imaging?

Background Integrated positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) may have advantages over conventional imaging in localizing recurrent or persistent differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent PET-CT scans was performed. Results were compared with contrast CT, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and radioactive iodine (RAI) scans. Results Thirty patients (mean age, 49.9 ± 17 years) underwent 36 PET-CT scans, mostly for elevated thyroglobulin levels and negative RAI scans (30 scans). Fifty percent (18/36) of PET-CT scans showed increased uptake in the neck, 11 of 36 (31%) in the chest, 3 of 36 (8.3%) in bone, and 6 of 36 (16.6%) in other areas. PET-CT had overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of 73.9%, 61.5%, and 77.3% respectively. To assess the added value of PET-CT, we focused on the 21 scans performed after conventional imaging in 20 patients. PET-CT provided additional information in 2 (10%) patients, both of whom were spared interventions. However, PET-CT underestimated extent of disease in 3 (15%) patients and led to unnecessary interventions in 3 (15%) additional patients. Conclusion PET-CT has reasonable sensitivity in the detection of recurrent thyroid cancer. However, the added value of PET-CT may be seen only in a limited number of patients after good quality, conventional imaging. Further studies are needed to determine the most cost-effective approach to managing these patients.
International students' spouses: Invisible sojourners in the culture shock literature☆

Abstract Surprisingly little is known about international students' spouses' cross-cultural adjustment process. This qualitative study explores the characteristics, needs, and expectations of this specific sojourner population. Participants were 49 spouses from 26 countries whose husbands were international graduate students at a large university in rural Virginia. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted covering a wide range of areas. Insights were provided regarding such pre-arrival dimensions as choice and decision making, psychological preparation, length of proposed stay, preparedness for change, family tradition of overseas study, degree of information about the USA, and formulation of a personal project for the sojourn. Among the dimensions impacting on the early adjustment process special attention was given to simultaneous or separate arrival, relocation from another campus, English fluency, financial status, and missing family and friends. Results indicate a great diversity among spouses. Personal variables seem to predominate over situational factors, with personality traits, and individual and couple history appearing as more defining of psychological well-being than cultural distance and racial background. Gender-role orientation and work/family values were a key factor in the degree of culture-shock. While some spouses adapted easily, enjoying a more relaxed life style, others found the lack of professional activity a very painful experience, one of loss of valued aspects of their identity, and a severe blow to their self-esteem. Implications for early intervention are included.
Different effects of syntheticΔ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabis extract on steroid metabolism in male rats

Repeated oral administration of cannabis extract as well as syntheticΔ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol to male rats produced significant changes in excretion of androgenic steroids and their metabolites as detectable in blood and urine. Cannabis extracts were found to be significantly more active than the mixtures containing same amounts of synthetic cannabinoids.
Discerning the posture of American race relations in the 1980s: Competitive versus paternalistic?

This paper discerns the nature of U.S. Black‐White relations in the 1980s, and makes projections for the coming decade. Race relations are viewed objectively from the standpoint of social and economic progress between groups rather than from a subjective attitudinal perspective. Thus indicators of the educational, social, and economic progress of Blacks relative to Whites are presented. Theoretical constructs in race relations research are employed to further describe the current status of U.S. Black‐White relations. Using Van den Berghe's typology of competitive vs. paternalistic race relations, the author concludes that present race relations between U.S. Blacks and Whites mirror an advanced form of paternalism. This is based on the relationship of Blacks and Whites to the American economic and political structures and to the current declining progress of Blacks relative to Whites. It is predicted that U.S. race relations will assume a similar posture in the 1990s.
Expression and function of an IgE-binding animal lectin (ϵBP) in mast cells

Abstract ϵBP (IgE-binding protein) is a 31,000 Mr protein originally identified in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. The protein is composed of two domains with the amino-terminal domain containing a highly conserved repetitive sequence and the carboxyl-terminal domain containing consensus sequences shared by other β-galactoside-binding soluble lectins. The protein has wide tissue distribution, is found on cell surfaces and in extracellular milieu. By combined efforts from several research groups including ours a multifunctional nature of this lectin began to emerge. This review emphasizes the following characteristics of ϵBP: (i) ϵBP is secreted by cells such as macrophages; (ii) like many other lectins, ϵBP functions at least bivalently; (iii) ϵBP has specificity for distinct oligosaccharide structures that have a terminal galactose not masked by sialic acids; and (iv) in addition to binding IgE, ϵBP binds to surfaces of various cell types via lectin-carbohydrate interaction. Importantly, ϵBP binds to the IgE receptor on mast cells. We propose that ϵBP can function as a modulatory protein on various cells by cross-linking critical cell surface glycoproteins. The proposed action of ϵBP on mast cells is presented as a model.
Redefining Motherhood: Adaptation to Role Change for Women with AIDS

To maintain their identity as mothers, a central life role, women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) redefine motherhood in two ways: (1) when their health status changes, they emphasiz...
Quantum information and accounting information: Their salient features and conceptual applications

In an interdisciplinary effort, we explore the field of quantum information to search for promising conceptual applications to accounting. Salient features of quantum information are reviewed along with methods associated with the discipline. We then draw parallels to double-entry information through a discussion of the work of mathematician Arthur Cayley. We note that accounting information is a broader concept than double-entry information, and we identify some conceptual applications of quantum information to accounting, aiming to integrate the measurement process and its interactions with the environment.
Problems of body-weight estimation in fossil primates

Body-weight estimates of fossil primates are commonly used to infer many important aspects of primate paleobiology, including diet, ecology, and relative encephalization. It is important to examine carefully the methodologies and problems associated with such estimates and the degree to which one can have confidence in them. New regression equations for predicting body weight in fossil primates are given which provide body-weight estimates for most nonhominid primate species in the fossil record. The consequences of using different subgroups (evolutionary “grades”) of primate species to estimate fossil-primate body weights are explored and the implications of these results for interpreting the primate fossil record are discussed. All species (fossil and extant) were separated into the following “grades”: prosimian grade, monkey grade, ape grade, anthropoid grade, and all-primates grade. Regression equations relating lower molar size to body weight for each of these grades were then calculated. In addition, a female-anthropoid grade regression was also calculated for predicting body weight infernales of extinct, sexually dimorphic anthropoid species. These equations were then used to generate the fossil-primate body weights. In many instances, the predicted fossil-primate body weights differ substantially from previous estimates.
Bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1(4)-ene.

Abstract The preparation of bicyclo [2.2.0]hex- 1(4)-ene ( 1 ) via ring expansion of a cyclopropylcarbene or the dehalogenation of 1-bromo-4-chlorobicyclo[2.2.0]hexane is described. It is one of the most reactive of the alkenes which may be observed at room temperature. Its reactions, including dimerization and cycloaddition reactions, are described. The latter lead to convenient preparations of [m.2.2]propellanes. The vibrational spectrum was examined via matrix isolation and ab initia MO calculations.
Internet Counseling and Its Feasibility for Marriage and Family Counseling

This article explores the inevitable phenomenon of online therapy provided by professional counselors. Advantages of Internet counseling are examined from clients’ and counselors’ perspectives. Dis...
Process safety and cyber security convergence: Lessons identified, but not learnt?

This paper examines the separation and convergence of good practice where the process control and safety domains intersect. There are a number of initiatives developing new guidance in this area.
Strategic Enrollment Management in the Age of Austerity and Changing Demographics: Managing Recruitment, Leveraging, Revenue, and Access in Challenging Economic Times

Ever since the beginning of the Great Recession, higher education has braced for the impending age of austerity and changing demographics. Now a reality, these conditions threaten the ability of institutions of higher education to remain competitive in an ever growing global marketplace. This article presents several core SEM strategies that can be implemented for four-year public colleges and universities in weathering these times of economic uncertainty and greater accountability. The authors weave in strategic recommendations for enrollment management leaders designed to more effectively expand the admissions funnel and engage in effective financial aid leveraging. Special attention is placed on how econometrics and elasticity of demand play in crafting an effective SEM response to fiscal exigency at their institutions of higher education.
Effects of short-term partial bladder outlet obstruction on the rabbit detrusor: An ultrastructural study†

It has been shown previously that partial bladder outlet obstruction in the rabbit results in changes in detrusor contractility and biochemical profile [Malkowicz et al., 1986]. The present study was conducted in the same animal model to define the nature and evolution of concomitant structural neuromuscular changes in the detrusor, as the basis for its altered function following partial outlet obstruction. Twenty-five New Zealand White rabbits, including three normal controls, were used. The bladder was excised in 15 rabbits at various intervals 1–14 days postoperatively. In the remaining seven rabbits, the obstruction was relieved after 7 days, and the bladders were excised 14 or 28 days later. Multiple samples of the midbody detrusor were obtained from each specimen and processed for electron microscopy by standard techniques. Changes were observed in the smooth muscle, interstitial, and neural compartments. The muscular changes included a combination of muscle cell degeneration and regeneration, and widening of intercellular spaces with deposition of basal lamina-like material. Both degenerative and regenerative muscle cell profiles were uncommon in the control and 1 day obstructed samples, frequent in the 3–7 day obstructed samples, and less frequent in the 14 day obstructed samples. The spaces between individual muscle cells appeared to become increasingly wider in the 3–14 day obstructed samples. The ultrastructure of smooth muscle in samples from both deobstructed groups was similar to controls, except for thickened basal laminae of muscle cells and consistently widened intercellular spaces. The interstitial compartment appeared to become progressively exaggerated with increasing deposits of collagen and elastin in the 3–14 day obstructed samples; these changes persisted in samples from both deobstructed groups. In regard to the neural compartment, degeneration of both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves with loss of neuroeffector junctions was observed in the 3–7 day obstructed samples; axonal regeneration was seen with re-establishment of the junctions in the 14 day obstructed and both deobstructed groups. It is concluded that partial bladder outlet obstruction in the rabbit results in partially reversible neuromuscular changes in the detrusor, which can explain the resultant alterations in detrusor contractility and biochemical profile.
Primordials and primordial Lie algebras

Primordials \({d \in \mathcal{P}}\) are generalizations of ordinals \({\sigma \in \mathcal{O}}\) . Primordials are governed by their succession and precession. Primordials with their succession and precession are of interest in their own right. Remarkably, they also lead directly to certain primordial Lie algebras of set theory. Among these is the large primordial Lie algebra of set theory, whose basis is a class and not a set. The large primordial Lie algebra of set theory generalizes naturally to the large primordial Lie algebras of characteristic p ≥ 2. The simple primordial Lie algebras are the natural primordial Lie algebra \({\mathcal{L}^\natural}\) , the free primordial Lie algebras \({\mathcal{L}^c}\) for r ≥ 1 and r-tuples C of denumerable sequences Cj (1 ≤ j ≤ r) of elements of k, and, for p > 2, the normal sub Lie algebras of the \({\mathcal{L}^\natural,\mathcal{L}^c}\) as well. The split simple primordial Lie algebras are the Lie algebras L of type W—those which may be built directly from the natural primordial Lie algebra \({\mathcal{L}^\natural}\)—except when p = 2 and L is not free. Consequently, they are, up to isomorphism, the purely inseparable forms of the finite and infinite dimensional Lie algebras of type W. This sheds new light on, and adds interest to, the structure of these purely inseparable forms.
N-terminal Domain of Yeast Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase: Recruitment of Est3p to the Telomerase Complex

Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that maintains chromosome ends. The N-terminal half of the catalytic protein subunit (TERT) contains three functional domains (I, II, and III) that are conserved among TERTs but not found in other reverse transcriptases. Guided by an amino acid sequence alignment of nine TERT proteins, mutations were introduced into yeast TERT (Est2p). In support of the proposed alignment, mutation of virtually all conserved residues resulted in loss-of-function or temperature sensitivity, accompanied by telomere shortening. Overexpression of telomerase component Est3p led to allele-specific suppression of the temperature-sensitive mutations in region I, suggesting that Est3p interacts with this protein domain. As predicted by the genetic results, a lethal mutation in region I resulted in loss of Est3p from the telomerase complex. We conclude that Est2p region I is required for the recruitment of Est3p to yeast telomerase. Given the phylogenetic conservation of region I of TERT, this protein domain may provide the equivalent function in all telomerases.
Serendipity: enabling remote computing among intermittently connected mobile devices

Mobile devices are increasingly being relied on for services that go beyond simple connectivity and require more complex processing. Fortunately, a mobile device encounters, possibly intermittently, many entities capable of lending it computational resources. At one extreme is the traditional cloud-computing context where a mobile device is connected to remote cloud resources maintained by a service provider with which it has an established relationship. In this paper we consider the other extreme, where a mobile device's contacts are only with other mobile devices, where both the computation initiator and the remote computational resources are mobile, and where intermittent connectivity among these entities is the norm. We present the design and implementation of a system, Serendipity, that enables a mobile computation initiator to use remote computational resources available in other mobile systems in its environment to speedup computing and conserve energy. We propose a simple but powerful job structure that is suitable for such a system. Serendipity relies on the collaboration among mobile devices for task allocation and task progress monitoring functions. We develop algorithms that are designed to disseminate tasks among mobile devices by accounting for the specific properties of the available connectivity. We also undertake an extensive evaluation of our system, including experience with a prototype, that demonstrates Serendipity's performance.
3-Methoxytyramine accumulation: effects of typical neuroleptics and various atypical compounds.

The accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), the O-methylated metabolite of dopamine (DA), in rat striatum was used to assess the effects of drugs on dopaminergic activity. This was accomplished by pretreating rats with pargyline to completely inhibit 3-MT catabolism. Under the conditions used, 3-MT accumulation was linear over time for at least 90 minutes. Apomorphine and γ-butyrolactone, drugs which depress the activity of DA-containing neurons, decreased striatal 3-MT accumulation; whereas typical neuroleptics (haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine), which increase the activity of DA-containing neurons, increased striatal 3-MT accumulation. In addition, a number of other drugs which block DA receptors and exert various atypical actions on dopaminergic functioning were examined. These “atypical” compounds (clozapine, buspirone, molindone) also increased striatal 3-MT accumulation, but were generally less potent than the typical neuroleptics examined. Moreover, the potencies of the typical neuroleptics and “atypical” compounds that were tested appear to be somewhat related to their affinities for D-2 DA receptors, as measured by their abilities to displace 3H-spiperone from rat striatal membrane preparations. Interestingly, this relationship was less evident when NaCl was omitted from the 3H-spiperone binding assay buffer. The potential antipsychotic drugs, BW 234U and SCH 23390, were also investigated for their effects on 3-MT accumulation and 3H-spiperone binding, and they were relatively inactive in both of these measures of dopaminergic activity. The observation that SCH 23390, a D-1 DA receptor antagonist, had negligible effects on 3-MT accumulation suggests that D-1 receptor blockade, unlike D-2 blockade, may have minimal effects on DA release. The relevance of the above findings to understanding the effects of drugs on dopaminergic transmission and the advantages of measuring 3-MT accumulation instead of basal 3-MT concentrations are discussed.
The thrombocytopenia of WAS: a familial form of ITP?

In the first report of the concurrent immunodeficiency, thrombocytopenia, and eczema that we now call the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS), Alfred Wiskott asked whether it could be a familial form of Werlhof’s disease (now called ITP). This review summarizes what is known about platelet production, consumption, and function in clinical and murine WAS. Both platelet production and consumption are affected by WASP deficiency. Likely molecular mechanisms have been identified for the former process, but remain problematic for the latter. Recent data in a murine model suggest that WASP deficiency could increase both the incidence of antiplatelet antibodies and susceptibility to their enhancement of platelet consumption. Wiskott's original speculation about the relationship between WAS and ITP may need to be reconsidered.
Simultaneous measurement of absolute OH concentration, temperature and flow velocity in a flame by photothermal deflection spectroscopy

We demonstrate the use of photothermal deflection spectroscopy for a simultaneous measurement of absolute minority-species concentration, temperature and flow velocity in a flame from the analysis of a single data trace. The ability to make absolute concentration measurements, as well as the ability to measure three important combustion parameters simultaneously, may make this technique quite useful in many circumstances.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparins for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in medically ill patients.

AbstractObjective:To conduct a systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison (MTC) meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in hospitalized medically ill patients. As a secondary objective we compared all therapies within the network to each other.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature search for randomized trials that evaluated pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized medically ill patients. We conducted a traditional meta-analysis for all pairwise comparisons using a random effects model, reporting relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals for each outcome. To determine the relative efficacy and safety of included therapies we conducted a MTC meta-analysis using a Bayesian framework, reporting odds ratios (OR) and 95% credible intervals.Results:Twenty trials met inclusion criteria. Enoxaparin, dalteparin, nadroparin and certoparin were the LMWHs evaluated although none in direct comparativ...
Government-industry relationships in technology commercialization The case of photovoltaics

Abstract The structure and evolution of the U.S. photovoltaic industry, the investment strategies of major types of companies, the sales patterns and trends and other industry characteristics are described in this paper. Actual and proposed U.S. government programs intended to stimulate photovoltaic technology development and applications are identified, and their impact on the industry is assessed. Issues involving government-industry relationships in photovoltaics are identified. It is concluded that the industry is growing, healthy and competitive but that industry reactions to alternative types of government involvement in the industry depend heavily on whether a company is producing in today's market or conducting research and development in anticipation of breakthroughs that will open up future mass markets. Supply-oriented government strategies such as research and development are seen as more beneficial to the growth of the photovoltaic industry than demand-oriented strategies such as large-scale procurements and subsidies to purchasers. Comparisons with the evolution of the semiconductor and active solar heating industries help to illuminate the role of government in the photovoltaic industry.
A multiscale V-P discretization for flow problems

This paper gives a comprehensive numerical analysis of a multiscale method for equilibrium Navier Stokes equations. The method includes pressure regularization and eddy viscosity stabilizations both acting only on the finest scales. This method allows for equal order velocity-pressure spaces as well as the linear constant pair and the usual (Pk, Pk-1) pair. We show the method is optimal in a natural energy norm for all of these pairs of spaces, and provide guidance in choosing the regularization parameters.
Quantum kinks: Solitons at strong coupling.

We examine solitons in theories with heavy fermions. These "quantum" solitons differ dramatically from semiclassical (perturbative) solitons because fermion loop effects are important when the Yukawa coupling is strong. We focus on kinks in a (1 + 1)-dimensional ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theory coupled to fermions; a large-$N$ expansion is employed to treat the Yukawa coupling g nonperturbatively. A local expression for the fermion vacuum energy is derived using the WKB approximation for the Dirac eigenvalues. We find that fermion loop corrections increase the energy of the kink and (for large $g$) decrease its size. For large $g$, the energy of the quantum kink is proportional to $g$, and its size scales as $\frac{1}{g}$, unlike the classical kink; we argue that these features are generic to quantum solitons in theories with strong Yukawa couplings. We also discuss the possible instability of fermions to solitons.
The persuasive effect of graphics in computer-mediated communication

Abstract This study, an investigation of the persuasive effect of presentation graphics, provides a conceptual and empirical link between persuasive effect and computer-generated graphics as a form of computer-mediated communication. Testing of four hypotheses that examine differences in persuasive effect among three treatments (written text, static graphics, and dynamic graphics) provides the empirical link between graphics as a decision support tool and persuasive effect. Implications of these differences are discussed.
Sucrose esters from the surface lipids of Nicotiana cavicola

Three sucrose esters were isolated and identified for the first time from the surface lipids of Nicotiana cavicola. They contained acetic acid and such branched short-chain fatty acids as 5-methylhexanoic, 5-methylheptanoic, and 6-methylheptanoic acids. The structures of the sucrose esters were 6-O-acetyl-4-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-4,6-O-diacetyl-3-O-acyl-beta- D- fructofuranoside, 4-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-O-diacetyl-3-O-acyl-beta-D-fructofur anoside and 6-O-acetyl-4-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-acetyl-3-O- acyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside.
Social Impacts New Perspectives on Telework

This article examines the state of the art in telework research. The author reviews the most central scholarly literature examining the phenomenon of telework (also called home-based work or teleco...
Effects of phenytoin on pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus.

Abstract The effectsof phenytoin (35 μg/ml) on membrane properties and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of the in vitro rat hippocampus were examined. No significant change was observed on input resistance or resting membrane potential. Action potential amplitude, overshoot, rate of rise and rate of decay were decreased. IPSP conductance increase and reversal potential, evoked in CA3 cells through mossy fiber stimulation and in CA1 cells through recurrent and Schaffer's collateral stimulation, were unaffected.
Gentrification, homelessness, and the work process: Housing markets and labour markets in the quartered city

Abstract The relationship between work and housing is much more than a relationship between labour markets and housing markets. The nature of the work process — not just how much is paid or where jobs are located — influences the type of housing that is demanded and the type of housing that is supplied. The paper provides a few examples, and then uses two cases, gentrification and homelessness, to illustrate the contention that the linkage between labour and housing is a fundamental internal one, in which the content of labour and the form of housing are directly related, and are prior to the external relations of the markets for each. The paper ends with the suggestion that these linkages vary by class, and suggests as prominent on a future research agenda an examination of the internal relationship between class, work processes, and the nature of housing provision. The examples used come from the United States, primarily New York City, but the processes clearly appear in all industrialised private marke...
Health effects of Monochloramines in drinking water

The use of chloranine as a disinfecting process for drinking water is widely practiced in the United States. Although exposure of humans to chloramines in drinking water via renal dialysis produces...
THE SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL LIFE CYCLE OF GLENODINIOPSIS STEINII (DINOPHYCEAE)

The sexual and asexual portions of the life cycle of Glenodiniopsis steinii were examined at both the light and scanning electron microscopic levels. Asexual reproduction by cell division occurs every 2 to 3 d under optimal conditions. Gamete formation and sexual reproduction can be induced by either nitrogen deprivation or aging of cultures. Fusion of gametes peaks about 10 hr into the light cycle and requires about 10 hr for completion. Cells remain motile during fusion but the zygote loses motility. The cell then undergoes changes that give it a thick-walled, warty appearance.
Constraints on theories provided by fast time response measurements across the L to H transition on DIII-D

Results of experiments performed on DIII-D since the last H-mode workshop impose a number of constraints on theories. First, measurements demonstrate that both the main ion pressure gradient, , and poloidal rotation, , are important in determining in the H-mode, with the term being the trigger for the transition. Accordingly, theories must include both and effects. Since the term appears to be the trigger, the physics of the power threshold must involve the physics of the perpendicular rotation. Second, the time sequence of changes in and the density and potential fluctuations are consistent with shear causing the change in the fluctuations. Third, the sharp onset of the fluctuation suppression during this same time sequence strongly suggests a critical shear for fluctuation suppression. Fourth, Langmuir probe measurements show the need for a turbulence stabilization theory including multiple fluctuating fields and their relative phases. Finally, theories based on predicted by standard neoclassical theory disagree with experiment.
The Law of Unintended Consequences: The Effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Venture Funding of Smaller Enterprises

This article describes how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 may adversely impact venture funding of smaller enterprises (SMEs). We suggest that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 may in fact result in a less attractive economic environment for SMEs and their private equity investors.
Arcuate nucleus lesions reduce opioid stress-induced analgesia (SIA) and enhance non-opioid SIA in rats

Abstract When rats were tested more than two weeks following surgery, lesions of the medial basal hypothalamus centered on the arcuate nucleus enhanced a form of foot-shock stress-induced analgesia (SIA) (Expt. 1) that was not blocked by injections of the opiate receptor blocker, naltrexone (6 mg/kg; Expt. 3). These arcuate nucleus lesions reduced the SIA produced by the same stressor when similar rats were tested 3–4 days following surgery (Expt.2). Finally, when similar rats were tested more than 2 weeks following surgery, these lesions reduced a different form of SIA that was blocked by naltrexone (Expt. 4). There were no effects of the lesions or naltrexone on baseline pain reactivity in any of the experiments. We suggest that arcuate nucleus lesions disrupt a system important for the elaboration of opiate-mediated SIA (Expt. 4), perhaps by damaging the brain's sb-endorphin system. In response to damage to this opioid analgesic system, we hypothesize that the damaged brain initiates time-dependent compensatory changes (Expts. 1 and 2) in an undamaged non-opioid analgesic system, resulting in enhanced non-opiate-mediated SIA (Expts. 1 and 3).
Teachers' perceptions of teacher and librarian collaboration: Instrumentation development and validation

Abstract Teacher and librarian collaboration is recommended in professional library and information science guidelines for school librarians. The guidelines suggest that when school librarians become an integral part of instruction, student learning improves. A proposed model of teacher and librarian collaboration identifies four facets of collaborative practices that are involved in teacher and librarian collaboration. The teacher and librarian collaboration model suggests that high level collaborative endeavors are most likely to have an effect on student learning. Exploratory factor analysis procedures were used to examine the structure of the Teacher and Librarian Collaboration (TLC-II) survey, an instrument developed using previously described collaborative endeavors between teachers and librarians. The analysis used responses from a sample of teachers from two school districts in the United States. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on teacher scores ( N = 194) for each of two sets of 16 questions regarding frequency of collaborative endeavors and importance to student learning. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine internal consistency reliability of the survey. Four factors emerged: Integrated Instruction, Integrated Curriculum, Coordination, and traditional cooperative roles between teacher and librarian. The factorial validity needs to be assessed with confirmatory factor analysis.
Formation and Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Water: The Carbon Acid pKa of Imidazolium Cations in Aqueous Solution

We report second-order rate constants kDO (M-1 s-1) for exchange for deuterium of the C(2)-proton of a series of simple imidazolium cations to give the corresponding singlet imidazol-2-yl carbenes in D2O at 25 degrees C and I = 1.0 (KCl). Evidence is presented that the reverse protonation of imidazol-2-yl carbenes by solvent water is limited by solvent reorganization and occurs with a rate constant of kHOH = kreorg = 10(11) s-1. The data were used to calculate reliable carbon acid pK(a)s for ionization of imidazolium cations at C(2) to give the corresponding singlet imidazol-2-yl carbenes in water: pKa = 23.8 for the imidazolium cation, pKa = 23.0 for the 1,3-dimethylimidazolium cation, pKa = 21.6 for the 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium cation, and pKa = 21.2 for the 1,3-bis-((S)-1-phenylethyl)benzimidazolium cation. The data also provide the thermodynamic driving force for a 1,2-hydrogen shift at a singlet carbene: K12 = 5 x 10(16) for rearrangement of the parent imidazol-2-yl carbene to give neutral imidazole in water at 298 K, which corresponds to a favorable Gibbs free energy change of 23 kcal/mol. We present a simple rationale for the observed substituent effects on the thermodynamic stability of N-heterocyclic carbenes relative to a variety of neutral and cationic derivatives that emphasizes the importance of the choice of reference reaction when assessing the stability of N-heterocyclic carbenes.
Effects of isradipine on methamphetamine-induced changes in attentional and perceptual-motor skills of cognition.

While the effects of d-amphetamine in increasing performance have been established, there is a paucity of information on the effects of methamphetamine on cognition in drug-naive subjects, and no published information on the effects of intravenous methamphetamine administration in dependent individuals. The dihydropyridine-class calcium channel antagonist, isradipine, has been posited as a putative treatment to prevent methamphetamine-associated hypertensive crisis and its sequelae. Yet, isradipine’s effects on cognitive performance in methamphetamine-dependent individuals are not known. Since individuals whose dependence on methamphetamine is attributable to the need to enhance performance may be loath to take a cognition-impairing medication, even for the treatment of life-threatening hypertensive crisis, it would be important to determine isradipine’s effects on performance. We therefore examined in a blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design the cognitive effects of low and high doses of intravenous methamphetamine (15 mg and 30 mg, respectively) in both the presence and absence of isradipine. Intravenous d-methamphetamine produced dose-dependent increases in attention, concentration, and psychomotor performance. Isradipine, both with and without methamphetamine, had a modest effect to decrease attention. Our results do not support the further testing of isradipine as a medication for improving the cognitive impairments that have been associated with chronic methamphetamine use.
Application of a bovine cervical mucus penetration test

One hundred seventy-eight ejaculates obtained from infertility patients were evaluated by routine semen analysis and by a bovine cervical mucus penetration test (BCMPT). A significant correlation (p 20 × 106/ml). Of these patients, 68% had good (>30 mm), 26% had questional (21–30 mm), and 7% had abnormal ( 40%). Of these patients, 71% had good, 25% had questionable, and 4% had abnormal penetration values. Conversly, 46% and 18% of patients with abnormal sperm count and motility, respectively, had normal penetration values (>30 mm). A significant relationship (p < 0.05) was observed between the BCMPT and pregnancy problems not apparent by semen analysis data, and may prove to be a useful adjunct to the use of routine semen analy...
A two-dimensional matrix correction for off-axis portal dose prediction errors.

Purpose: This study presents a follow-up to a modified calibration procedure for portal dosimetry published byBailey et al. [“An effective correction algorithm for off-axis portal dosimetry errors,” Med. Phys.36, 4089–4094 (Year: 2009)10.1118/1.3187785]. A commercial portal dose prediction system exhibits disagreement of up to 15% (calibrated units) between measured and predicted images as off-axis distance increases. The previous modified calibration procedure accounts for these off-axis effects in most regions of the detecting surface, but is limited by the simplistic assumption of radial symmetry. Methods: We find that a two-dimensional (2D) matrix correction, applied to each calibrated image, accounts for off-axis prediction errors in all regions of the detecting surface, including those still problematic after the radial correction is performed. The correction matrix is calculated by quantitative comparison of predicted and measured images that span the entire detecting surface. The correction matrix was verified for dose-linearity, and its effectiveness was verified on a number of test fields. The 2D correction was employed to retrospectively examine 22 off-axis, asymmetric electronic-compensation breast fields, five intensity-modulated brain fields (moderate-high modulation) manipulated for far off-axis delivery, and 29 intensity-modulated clinical fields of varying complexity in the central portion of the detecting surface. Results: Employing the matrix correction to the off-axis test fields and clinical fields, predicted vs measured portal dose agreement improves by up to 15%, producing up to 10% better agreement than the radial correction in some areas of the detecting surface. Gamma evaluation analyses (3 mm, 3% global, 10% dose threshold) of predicted vs measured portal dose images demonstrate pass rate improvement of up to 75% with the matrix correction, producing pass rates that are up to 30% higher than those resulting from the radial correction technique alone. As in the 1D correction case, the 2D algorithm leaves the portal dosimetry process virtually unchanged in the central portion of the detector, and thus these correction algorithms are not needed for centrally located fields of moderate size (at least, in the case of 6 MV beam energy). Conclusion: The 2D correction improves the portal dosimetry results for those fields for which the 1D correction proves insufficient, especially in the inplane, off-axis regions of the detector. This 2D correction neglects the relatively smaller discrepancies that may be caused by backscatter from nonuniform machine components downstream from the detecting layer.
Nanogap experiments for laser cooling

One of the challenges of laser cooling a semiconductor is its typically high index of refraction (greater than 3), which limits efficient light output of the upconverted photon. This issue is addressed with a novel concept of coupling the photon out via a thin, thermally insulating vacuum gap that allows light to pass efficiently by frustrated internal reflection. Although silicon technology is mature and inexpensive, the indirect nature of the bandgap of silicon makes it unsuitable for laser cooling. The material of choice is the binary compound semiconductor GaAs, which can be fabricated with high quality necessary for laser cooling experiments. Moreover, process technology exists that enables a relatively simple fabrication of a thin vacuum gap in this material system. This paper will present an investigation of heat transport and light transmission across a "nanogap" consisting of a thin epitaxial film supported over a substrate by an array of nanometer-sized posts. The structure is manufactured by crystal growth of a sacrificial Al 0.98 Ga 0.02 As layer on a single crystal GaAs substrate. After lithographically defining holes in the Al 0.98 Ga 0.02 As layer, the holes are filled with GaAs and a top GaAs layer is deposited. Lateral selective etching of the Al 0.98 Ga 0.02 As will create a nanogap between two GaAs layers separated by GaAs posts. We are demonstrating the successful fabrication of various size nanogaps in this material system, as well as their properties with respect to reduced heat transfer across the gap. We are also presenting data supporting that the interface quality is high enough to allow evanescent tunneling of light at angles otherwise forbidden by total internal reflection. The implications for semiconductor laser cooling will be discussed.
Using embodied allegories to design gesture suites for human-data interaction

Human-Data Interaction (HDI) systems can be defined as technologies that use embodied interaction to facilitate the users' exploration of rich datasets. As the design of gestures for Whole-Body Interaction is often based on an uninformed trial and error approach, I propose the use of Johnson's embodied schemata, extended with allegories, to inform the design of suites of gestures for HDI systems. This approach involves: (1) the identification of embodied allegories to encourage data exploration, (2) a study of the allegorical relation between input and output, and (3) an analysis of the implication of the (social) space.
DLABS: A dual-lane buffer-sharing router architecture for networks on chip

A significant portion of the conventional router's area is dedicated to its buffers at the input/output ports. For regular workloads, however, a large number of buffers are always idle while other buffers are always busy. This observation motivates us to design a new router architecture which allows buffers to be shared by multiple input ports. This architecture keeps buffers busy while working together to forward data, reducing the busy cycle times and pressure on each buffer, resulting in an improvement of the overall network performance. Sharing resources like buffers, however, has the potential of causing deadlock in the network. In this work, we propose a dual-lane architecture that is deadlock-free for our buffer-sharing routers, named DLABS (Dual-Lane Buffer-Sharing) routers. We design three DLABS routers and compare against a conventional wormhole router. Experimental results show the smallest DLABS router occupies an area of only 0.62% of a conventional router, but achieves 108% on the throughput per area (TPA) over regular traffic benchmarks. The largest DLABS router occupies 112% of the circuit area of the conventional router, but achieves 164% on the TPA.