cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compromised responses to dietary methionine restriction in adipose tissue but not liver of ob/ob mice

Objective Dietary methionine restriction (MR) reduces adiposity and hepatic lipids and increases overall insulin sensitivity in part by reducing lipogenic gene expression in liver, inducing browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), and enhancing the lipogenic and oxidative capacity of the remodeled WAT. Methods Ob/ob mice have compromised β-adrenergic receptor expression in adipose tissue and were used to test whether MR could ameliorate obesity, insulin resistance, and disordered lipid metabolism. Results In contrast to responses in wild-type mice, MR failed to slow accumulation of adiposity, increase lipogenic and thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissue, reduce serum insulin, or increase serum adiponectin in ob/ob mice. However, MR produced comparable reductions in hepatic lipids and lipogenic gene expression in both genotypes. In addition, MR was fully effective in increasing insulin sensitivity in adiponectin−/− mice. Conclusions These findings show that diet-induced changes in hepatic lipid metabolism are independent of weight loss and remodeling of WAT and are not required for insulin sensitization. In contrast, the failure of ob/ob mice to mount a normal thermogenic response to MR suggests that the compromised responsiveness of adipose tissue to SNS input is an important component of the inability of the diet to correct their obesity and insulin resistance.
Belief from the Past

: A person who remembers having done something has a belief that she did it from having done it. To have a belief that one did something from having done it is to believe that one did the action on the (causal) basis of having done it, where this belief (in order for one to have it) need not be (causally) based even in part on any contributor to the belief other than doing the action. The notion of a contributor to a belief (as opposed to a mere facilitating cause of the belief) is explicated through a series of examples. The account of having a belief that one did something from having done it is then deployed in criticising Ginet's account of ‘memory connection’, in assessing Martin and Deutscher's causal theory of remembering, in indicating how diachronic justification functions in a nontraditional theory of memory, and in setting forth one type of psychological connectedness which, according to advocates of a psychological continuity theory of personal identity, may be employed (noncircularly) in formulating the theory, and which, according to opponents of the theory, provides a target for criticising the theory.
Study of a highly accurate and fast protein-ligand docking based on molecular dynamics

Summary form only given. Few methods use molecular dynamics simulations based on atomically detailed force fields to study the protein-ligand docking process because they are considered too time demanding despite their accuracy. We present a docking algorithm based on molecular dynamics simulations which has a highly flexible computational granularity. We compare the accuracy and the time required with well-known, commonly used docking methods like AutoDock, DOCK, FlexX, ICM, and GOLD. We show that our algorithm is accurate, fast and, because of its flexibility, applicable even to loosely coupled distributed systems like desktop grids for docking.
Stabilizing a nonlinear system with limited information

This paper is concerned with understanding information-based control aspects for nonlinear systems. Specifically, we extend the result and control schemes described in the work of D. Liberzon (2003) to nonlinear systems, characterizing the amount of information sufficient for global asymptotic stabilization. An underlying assumption is the existence of a feedback law, which stabilizes the system in the case of perfect information and, moreover, provides robustness with respect to measurement errors in the sense of input-to-state stability (ISS). This assumption is quite restrictive in general, although some results on designing such control laws are available.
Gender, evaluation, and causal attribution: The double standard is alive and well

Brief behavioral descriptions were empirically judged to be stereotypically “male” or “female,” and evaluated as “good” or “bad.” Male and female subjects made causal attributions for these behaviors when performed either by sex-role-congruent or by sex-role-violating actors. Attribution patterns displayed an apparent “double standard,” in which different criteria were applied to male and to female actors. For male actors, role violations elicited more personal causal attribution than role-congruent behaviors, regardless of the behavior's goodness or badness. For female actors, bad behaviors elicited more personal causal attribution than good behaviors, and role appropriateness was irrelevant. None of these differences in attribution patterns can be accounted for by evaluations of the behaviors themselves. The possibility that this procedure may circumvent social desirability biases in revealing subjects' sex-role stereotypes is discussed.
Prosody and information structure in a tone language: an investigation of Mandarin Chinese

Prosody conveys discourse-level information, but the extent to which prosodic cues distinguish different kinds of information-structural concepts remains unclear. The prosodic encoding of information structure is even more complicated in tone languages, where acoustic cues such as F0, intensity and duration also distinguish lexical items (e.g. Mandarin). Prior work on Mandarin led to divergent findings regarding whether and what prosodic cues mark the distinctions between information-structural types. We conducted a production study on Mandarin to investigate whether (1) the presence/absence of corrective focus and (2) the distinction between new/given information are encoded prosodically. Our results show that correctiveness was reflected in all three acoustic parameters: corrective words had longer durations, larger F0 ranges and larger intensity ranges than non-corrective words. The new-given distinction was reflected only in lengthening and F0 range expansion, and only in the absence of correction (co...
Antepartal Nursing Management of Grave’s Disease

The signs and symptoms of Grave's disease may be difficult to distinguish from the normal thyroid changes that occur in pregnancy. A brief review of thyroid physiology, thyroid changes during pregnancy, the effect of Grave's disease during pregnancy on the woman and fetus, and an assessment tool for use during the antepartal period is presented. Recommendations of specific areas of need seen in the pregnant Grave's patient during the antepartal period are also outlined.
A factor predictive of post-ERCP pancreatitis?

The authors conclude that elevation of the serum amylase levels 2 hours after SOM predicts development of post-SOM pancreatitis exclusively in patients who do not receive a PD stent. An elevated 2-hour serum amylase level that occurs in patients with a PD stent, however, predicts subsequent findings that "may occur because of attenuated pancreatitis."
Cell birth and death in the mouse retinal ganglion cell layer

Here we describe quantitatively the birth and death of the two separate populations of neurons, ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells, in the mouse retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL). The two cell types, which are roughly equally numerous, were distinguished pre- and postnatally by labeling the ganglion cells retrogradely with fluorescent dye. Embryos were labeled cumulatively with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) delivered by an osmotic minipump implanted in the mother; cell birth dates were established as having occurred before or after pump implantation. Early cohorts (GCL cells born before embryonic day [E] 11.8 and E12.8) were 98+/-1.1% and 99+/-0.2% ganglion cells (mean+/-SEM), respectively, and a late cohort (born after E15.8) was 97+/-1.2% displaced amacrines. Thus birth date was a strong predictor of a GCL cell's ultimate identity. Cell death in each cohort was estimated by counting cells at different time points (soon after the cohort was produced and later) and subtracting the later from the earlier number. This method avoids the problem of simultaneous birth and death that has plagued many of the earlier attempts to assess cell death. Negligible numbers died during the first week after a cell's birthday. The amount of cell death differed in the two cohorts; 48.5+/-15% and 29.0+/-12.4% in early and late, respectively, and most of it was postnatal. These findings disagree sharply with an earlier conclusion that ganglion cells die within 5 days of their birthdays or not at all.
Religious Identity, Informal Institutions, and the Nation-States of the Near East

This paper uses the Near East as a case study to describe how religious identity became a source of preference formation and a cause of social cleavage. It formulates the concepts of identity-shari...
A New Twist in the Transmembrane Signaling Tool-Kit

In this issue, Schlessinger and his colleagues (Yuzawa et al., 2007) describe crystal structures of the complete extracellular region of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase, both alone and in complex with its activating ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). The structures explain how SCF drives dimerization of the receptor. They also reveal important receptor-receptor contacts that may explain how several Kit mutations lead to cancer.
Effect of sodium oleate on salicylic acid binding to human serum albumin

The pharmacological activity of salicylates is related to the nonprotein-bound fraction of drug in the plasma. Free fatty acids have been shown to displace bound drug and to increase the serum levels of salicylates. Continuous ultrafiltration was used to measure unbound salicylic acid at 37°. A nonlinear analysis of the ultrafiltration data using whole number values for the number of binding sites indicates that sodium oleate displaces the salicylic acid competitively at both binding sites. Increased concentrations of fatty acids due to disease or the infusion of fatty acid emulsions perhaps may produce toxic levels of salicylic acid.
Analysis strategies for serial multivariate ultrasonographic data that are incomplete

Ultrasonographic measurement of intima-media thicknesses in the carotid artery has emerged as an important non-invasive means of assessing atherosclerosis, and has served to define primary outcome measures related to progression of arterial lesions in several large clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. It is characteristic that measurements often cannot be obtained from all sites during repeated examinations. This leads to incomplete multivariate serial data, for which the set and number of visualized sites may vary across time. We have contrasted several conditional and unconditional maximum likelihood analytical approaches, and have evaluated these with a simulation experiment based on characteristics of ultrasound measurements collected during the course of the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study. We examined analyses based on unweighted and generalized least squares regression in which we estimated cross-sectional summary statistics using raw means, unconditional maximum likelihood estimates and full maximum likelihood estimates. Since the genesis of missing data is not fully clear, and since the approaches we examined are based, to some degree, on the assumption that data are missing at random, we also examined the relative impact of deviations from such an assumption on each of the approaches considered. We found that maximum likelihood based approaches increased the expected efficiency of the analysis of serial ultrasound data over ignoring missing data by up to 21 per cent.
The antisepticity of various ointments containing a germicide of the quaternary ammonium type

Abstract A review of the literature pertaining to the effect of various ointment bases on the antiseptic activity of water‐soluble germicides is presented. The effect of various ointment bases on the antiseptic activity of the water‐soluble detergent germicide of the quarternary ammonium type has been studied. This paper includes formulas and directions for the preparation of the ointments as well as the results of the antisepticity tests as carried out according to the Food and Drug Administration wet and dry filter‐paper and cup‐plate methods.
Experimental study of infrared nanosecond laser ablation of silicon: The multi-pulse enhancement effect

Abstract Experimental study has been performed on nanosecond (ns) laser ablation of silicon at 1064 nm, through which a so-called “multi-pulse enhancement effect” has been revealed, which has been rarely reported in literature. The major features of this effect are: (1) for multi-pulse laser ablation at the same spatial location, the ablation efficiency increases as the pulse number increases and the pulse-to-pulse temporal distance decreases; (2) for multi-pulse ablation performed sequentially at a group of locations, the ablation quality and efficiency starting from the second location can be significantly enhanced if the distance between adjacent locations is sufficiently small. Further study is needed to confirm and understand the underlying physical mechanism for the multi-pulse enhancement effect, which can be utilized to significantly improve the quality and efficiency of laser silicon micromachining using the low-cost and low-energy-consumption infrared ns lasers. This may decrease the cost and energy consumption of many relevant areas, such as the solar cell industry.
Perceptual capacity limits in visual detection and search

The present research tests limited- and unlimited-capacity theories of perception by comparing accuracy in detection and search tasks under conditions of simultaneous and successive presentation of array items. The unlimited-capacity approach predicts no difference between simultaneous and successive presentation when nonperceptual factors are controlled. The limitedcapacity approach predicts an advantage for successive presentation when the number of simultaneously presented items exceeds processing capacity. In five experiments using a consistent mapping paradigm, successive presentation was reliably better than simultaneous presentation.
The System Design of the IBM Type 701 Computer

In designing any new piece of equipment a choice has to be made from a number of alternatives. Rather than just enumerating the features incorporated in the IBM Type 701 Computer, an attempt is made to record the reasons for their choice. Emphasis is given to the features which are believed to be new. These include improved arithmetic and logical facilities, as well as the methods developed for controlling the extensive input and output equipment directly from the stored program.
Spatial Curvature and Cosmological Tests of General Relativity

It is well-known that allowing for spatial curvature affects constraints on cosmological parameters such as the dark energy equation of state parameters. Here we study the effect of curvature on constraints on parameters used to test general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales, commonly known as modified growth (MG) parameters, as while current data taken in the context of the $\Lambda$CDM model points to a universe that is flat or very close to it, this constraint may not hold in modified theories of gravity. Using the latest cosmological data sets we find that MG parameters are correlated with the curvature parameter $\Omega_k$ and the constraints on the MG parameters are weakened compared to when $\Omega_k$ is not included in the parameter analysis. We next use various future simulated data sets, including cosmic microwave background, weak lensing, and Integrated Sachs-Wolfe-galaxy cross-correlations, where the fiducial model is spatially curved but we assume a flat model when fitting the MG parameters. We find the assumption of a spatially flat model on a spatially curved universe does indeed cause an artificial shift in the constraints on the MG parameters, in some cases even producing an apparent deviation from GR in the MG parameter space. For our simulated data, tension with GR begins to manifest itself for fiducial models with $\abs{\Omega_k} \geq 0.02$ and apparent deviations appear for $\abs{\Omega_k} \geq 0.05$. We find that for negatively curved models the apparent deviation is more significant. The manifestation of this apparent deviation from GR due to the assumption of spatial flatness above leads one to conclude that, when using future high-precision data to perform these tests, spatial curvature must be included in the parameter analysis along with the other core cosmological parameters and the MG parameters.
Hemodynamic differentiation of pathologic and physiologic stenosis in mitral porcine bioprostheses

Porcine bioprostheses are physiologically stenotic valves. Degenerative calcification leading to pathologic stenosis is an increasingly recognized serious late complication of mitral valve replacement with a porcine bioprosthesis. Hemodynamic differentiation of pathologic from physiologic stenosis is important for identification of porcine bioprosthetic valve dysfunction. In 42 patients with a normal Hancock porcine bioprosthesis (standard model, sizes 27 to 33 mm), mean diastolic flow (65 to 461 ml/s), mean gradient (2.0 to 13.4 mm Hg) and effective orifice area (1.1 to 4.4 cm2) were determined at rest, during epicardial pacing (90, 110 and 130/min) and with isoproterenol infusion. A statistically significant increase in mean gradient occurred with increases in flow and decreases in valve size (p These measurements were compared with those in 16 patients with pathologically confirmed porcine bioprosthetic valve stenosis: 8 patients with reoperation (1.1% per patient-year) 3 to 8.5 years after mitral valve replacement and 8 previously reported abnormal cases. Stenotic failure rate was inversely related to valve size (2.1, 1.4, 0.5 and 0% per patient-year for sizes 27 to 33 mm). Stenotic and normal bioprostheses were not accurately differentiated on the basis of a single value for gradient or effective orifice area. A mathematical model that related flow to the square root of the mean gradient allowed complete separation of stenotic from normal prosthetic valve function, after valve size was accounted for and normal confidence limits were established (r = 0.74 to 0.94, sizes 27 to 33, p Thus, normal mitral bioprostheses have significant transvalvular gradients whose magnitude depends on flow. Risk of stenotic failure is increased in the smaller valves, which have a larger gradient at implantation. Differentiation of pathologic from physiologic stenosis cannot be made on the basis of a single value for gradient or effective orifice area. Accurate hemodynamic differentiation is achieved by relating mean gradient to mean diastolic flow rate and valve size.
Bionomics and Life History of a Filbert Leafroller, Archips rosanus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field studies conducted in the Willamette Valley of Oregon 1973-1976 showed that overwintering eggs of Archips rosanus hatch in the last wk of March or the 1st wk of April. Egg hatch is spread over a 2 wk period. The median egg hatch was noticed at the accumulation of about 40 thermal units over a base of 8°C starting Jan. 1st. The young larvae move to the opening buds soon after hatching, and feed on leaves they have webbed together. Head capsule widths of the field-collected larvae indicate that there are 5 instars. Under field conditions, the 1st and 2nd instar larval periods vary from 2-3 wk. The first 2 instars make inconspicuous webbings and leaf rolls, but those of the 3rd, 4th and 5th instars are more noticeable. Their larval periods vary from 7-15 days each. Before pupation, the larvae go through a short pre-pupal period of 1-3 days. The pupae are formed within rolled leaves and are light brown at first changing to dark brown with age. The adults emerge within 1-2 wk after pupation, and are active only at night. Eggs are laid in masses, mostly on the trunks and major scaffold branches of the trees. The number of eggs in each mass ranges from 16-137, with an avg of about 50. Eggs of A. rosanus have an obligatory diapause which normally is broken by winter weather. Egg masses collected in March, 1976 and held in the laboratory at 26.7°C hatched within 6 days. Under laboratory conditions, the larvae went through 5 larval instars, but 7% went through 6, and the larval period varied from 10-20 days. The pupal period was about 1 wk. Adults lived for 10-12 days, and deposited an average of 147 eggs/female. The preoviposition period was about 2 days, the oviposition period 8 days, and the post oviposition period 5 days. Under field conditions, approximately ⅔ of the life cycle of A. rosanus was spent in the egg stage. The diapausing eggs were laid during June and July, and hatched in the following spring. Larvae were found in April and May, and pupae during the latter part of May and early June. Adults emerged during the 2nd half of June and early part of July, and were active until the 2nd wk of August. Reduced egg hatch (about 50%), and a high incidence of larval-pupal parasites were the 2 major mortality factors in untreated orchards. The major natural enemies of A. rosanus in the Willamette Valley include 2 tachinids, 1 pteromalid, 1 chalcid, 3 braconid, and 2 ichneumonid species.
Clinical efficacy of transjugular porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) for the management of refractory ascites

Clinical efficacy of transjugular porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) for the management of refractory ascites
Solubilization of convulsant/barbiturate binding activity on the γ-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptor complex

Summary Binding activity of the radioactive cage convulsant [35S] t -butyl-bicyclophosphorothionate was solubilized from rat brain membranes using the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio] propanesulfonate. Binding (KD = 26 nM, Bmax = 0.4 pmol/mg protein) was inhibited by picrotoxin and related convulsants and by barbiturates and related depressants that interact with γ-aminobutyric acid and benzodiazepine receptors via the picrotoxinin binding site. The convulsant/ barbiturate binding activity chromatographed on gel filtration as a single peak coinciding with the benzodiazepine/γ-aminobutyric acid receptor protein complex.
Oscillator strength for intersubband transitions in strained n-type SixGe1-x quantum wells.

The oscillator strength for conduction intersubband transitions in a ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ potential well is calculated using an inverse mass tensor for any arbitrary growth direction and various strain conditions. The occupancy of the specific conduction valleys and their associated effective masses are shown to depend on the strain condition, and these dependences are taken into consideration in the calculation of the oscillator strength. The result illustrates that the intersubband transition can occur for normal incident light (or for differently polarized electric field) if the ellipsoidals in the conduction valleys are tilted. A biaxial tensile strain does not affect the oscillator strength; however, the biaxial compressive strain causes an increase of the oscillator strength for the z-polarized electric field, but a decrease for the xy-polarized electric field, independent of the nature of conduction minima being Si- or Ge-like. This is due to the change of the occupied valleys under strain. The calculated result for a waveguide structure is also obtained to compare with a recent experimental result.
An Empirical Examination of the Return Volatility‐Volume Relation in Related Markets: The Case of Stock and Options

This paper empirically examines the impact of option trading on the relation between daily stock return volatility and stock trading volume. For a sample of firms for which options were newly listed on the CBOE from 1982 to 1985, the empirical evidence indicates that there is a structural shift in the relation after option trading is introduced. Also, the findings show that daily stock return volatility is significantly and positively correlated with contemporaneous option volume, but not one-day lagged option volume. These results suggest that contemporaneous option volume may be an important variable in modelling daily stock return volatility and heteroskedasticity.
Introduction to Dr. Maccioni’s Feature Section

It is one of the goals of a scientific journal to publish a seminal paper that brings creative leaps. In 2000, Abdominal Imaging was pleased to publish an invited original scientific article by Francesca Maccioni and colleagues dealing with the innovative use of MRI in evaluating the activity of Crohn’s disease [1]. It was promptly hailed as a ‘‘landmark paper... of extreme importance... It lays the groundwork for future clinical research in the application of MRI to inflammatory disease in the small bowel’’ [2]. While interest and investigations by other medical centers were stimulated [3–8], Dr. Maccioni, Senior Lecturer and Researcher in Diagnostic Radiology at University La Sapienza in Rome, has continued to expand her clinical experience and deepen detailed understanding and precise correlations [9–12] (Fig. 1). The Feature Section under herGuest Editorship in this issue of Abdominal Imaging presents not only our perceptions today but also indicates the likely future developments. Notably, it transcends the barriers between radiologists and gastroenterologists and fosters a gainful integrated approach. With training in both radiology and gastroenterology, Dr. Maccioni is eminently qualified to bridge the two specialties in correlating imaging findings with clinical indices and laboratory data.
Evidence that ficin is a glycoprotein.

A glycopeptide was isolated from a peptic digest of ficin by successive chromatography on cationic and anionic exchange resins followed by gel filtration. The polypeptide portion of this glycopeptide consisted of 9 amino acids to which was attached a carbohydrate moiety comprised of glucosamine, mannose, galactose, fucose and xylose in molar ratios of 5:2:1:1:1, respectively. This glycopeptide appears to resemble in many respects a similar glycopeptide isolated from bromelain (Kito, K. and Murachi, T. (1969) J. Chromatogr. 44, 205–207; Scocca, J. and Lee, Y.C. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 4852–4863).
Neuropeptide Y in the mammalian circadian system: effects on light-induced circadian responses

The present review examine the role of neuropeptide (NPY) in the circadian system, focusing on the interactions between light and NPY, especially during the subjective night. NPY has two different effects on the circadian system of mammals. On one hand, NPY, similar to behavioral stimulation, can change the phase of the clock by itself during the subjective day. On the other hand, NPY, again similar to behavioral stimulation, can inhibit the phase-shifting effect of light during the night. These effects of NPY may occur through different receptor subtypes, the Y2 receptor mediating day-time effects and the Y5 receptor mediating night-time effects of NPY. Our results also indicate that there are differences between in vivo and in vitro studies: NPY inhibition of in vivo light-induced phase shifts was observed only late in the subjective night; however, NPY applied in vitro could block light-induced phase shifts early in the subjective night as well. Contrasting these in vivo and in vitro results led us to suggest that the time of day of maximal effect of NPY in the intact animal may be a time when exogenous administration of NPY has little effect, due to saturation of the system. This situation could be an example of how the measurable output of the clock can be affected by the behavioral state in a different way at different time points, depending not only on the clock itself but also on behavior. If verified in human beings, the ability of NPY to modulate the circadian-clock responses to light may be of clinical importance.
Regulation of T-cell apoptosis by reactive oxygen species.

To ensure that a constant number of T cells are preserved in the peripheral lymphoid organs, the production and proliferation of T cells must be balanced out by their death. Newly generated T cells exit the thymus and are maintained as resting T cells. Transient disruption of homeostasis occurs when naive T cells undergo antigen-induced expansion, a process involving intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell proliferation, acquisition of effector functions, and, ultimately, either apoptosis or differentiation into long-lived memory cells. The last decision point (death vs. differentiation) is a crucial one: it resets lymphoid homeostasis, promotes protective immunity, and limits autoimmunity. Despite its importance, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in this cell fate decision. Although multiple mechanisms are likely involved, recent data suggest an underlying regulatory role for reactive oxygen species in controlling the susceptibility of T cells to apoptosis. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how reactive oxygen species modulate T-cell apoptosis.
Robust time-varying multivariate coherence estimation: Application to electroencephalogram recordings during general anesthesia

Coherence analysis characterizes frequency-dependent covariance between signals, and is useful for multivariate oscillatory data often encountered in neuroscience. The global coherence provides a summary of coherent behavior in high-dimensional multivariate data by quantifying the concentration of variance in the first mode of an eigenvalue decomposition of the cross-spectral matrix. Practical application of this useful method is sensitive to noise, and can confound coherent activity in disparate neural populations or spatial locations that have a similar frequency structure. In this paper we describe two methodological enhancements to the global coherence procedure that increase robustness of the technique to noise, and that allow characterization of how power within specific coherent modes change through time.
New (Sub)Urbanism and Old Inequalities in Brazilian Gated Communities

In the last decade there has been a noticeable growth of suburban developments in Brazil, mostly gated communities, to the point that it has become a trend in the country's architecture and urbanism. These communities can be perceived as a loud response to urban violence, but are also increasingly anchored in a certain nostalgia that has gained space in the imagination of the Brazilian upper classes. In such an exclusionary climate, this study questions the future of Brazilian cities—should gated communities continue to be presented as the main solution to urban problems? The paper discusses these issues based upon the growth of gated communities in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and their questionable affiliation with New Urbanism, using the Alphaville Lagoa dos Ingleses project as a case study.
Reduced odds of pulpal exposure when using incomplete caries removal in the treatment of dentinal cavitated lesions.

Systematic review conclusion. In dentinal cavitated lesions, incomplete caries removal compared with complete excavation may reduce the risk of experiencing pulpal exposures and postoperative symptoms. Critical summary assessment. There is moderate-quality evidence of reduced odds of experiencing pulpal exposure when a two- or one-/two-step combined incomplete caries removal is performed compared with complete caries removal for restoration of dentinal cavitated lesions, although risk of bias among the included studies was high. Evidence quality rating. Limited.
A method for measuring collector series-resistance of an integrated circuit from module pins

It is virtually impossible for a user to measure the collector series-resistance R CS of an integrated circuit by probing the chip without opening the package. This letter describes a method for measuring the R CS of a current-switch emitter-follower integrated circuit from module pins within 3.5 percent accuracy.
Noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma remains an important and deadly cancer in the United States: secular trends in incidence and survival.

BACKGROUND: Noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma is not frequently mentioned in the United States. However, it is unclear if the previously reported decline in noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma has continued, and if detection and management has affected overall survival outside the setting of clinical trials. METHODS: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (SEER) to identify all cases of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1973 and 2002. The yearly age-adjusted incidence rates and the relative survival rates were calculated. Cox proportional hazards (PH) models were used to examine temporal trends from 1983 to 2003. RESULTS: Between 1973 and 2002, there were 24,103 cases of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma. The age-adjusted yearly incidence rate declined by 23% between 1973 and 2002 from 4.3 to 3.3 per 100,000 person-years. However, the incidence of localized noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (invasive neoplasm confined to the organ of origin) remained without change between 0.9 and 1.0 per 100,000 person-years, and increased with age, especially in the 85+ yr age group (a 47% increase between 1973 and 2002). The incidence rates in men were double those in women, and 1.6-fold and 2.6-fold higher in blacks and other races (mostly Asians), respectively, compared with whites. Patients with radiation and chemotherapy after gastrectomy had a 22% better mortality risk compared with those treated with gastrectomy alone. The Cox PH analysis shows no significant change in mortality risk related to year of diagnosis between 1983 and 2002, both in unadjusted as well as adjusted analyses. However, there were significant independent regional and racial variations in survival. Asians had a 17% lower mortality risk compared with whites. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the overall decline in noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma, the incidence of local stage disease has remained stable in most ages and even increased in old ages. Unfortunately, there has been no significant improvement in survival during the past 20 yr. Moreover, there remain considerable regional as well as racial variations in mortality.
Relationships among death anxiety, communication apprehension with the dying, and empathy in those seeking occupations as nurses and physicians.

Abstract In light of the modern phenomenon of increased institutionalized deaths occurring in hospitals and in nursing homes, much of recent death attitude research has, focused on health professionals. The present study explored possible relatiunships among measures of death anxiety, communication appehension with the dying, and empathy in undergraduate nursing, premedical, and control subjects. Main efficts for year in school indicated that seniors scored lower than freshmen on communication apprehension with the dying. The multivariate effects for field of study were also significant, with univariate results indicating that nursing students scored lower than controls on communication apprehension with the dying.
Laser welding of a cobalt-chromium removable partial denture alloy

Abstract Statement of problem. The electric alloy brazed joints of removable partial denture alloys have failed frequently after routine usage. Purpose. A technique providing higher joint strengths was investigated. This investigation compared the tensile strengths of electric-brazed and laser-welded joints for a cobalt-chromium removable partial denture alloy. Material and methods. Twenty-four cobalt-chromium standard tensile testing rods were prepared and divided into three groups of eight. All specimens in the control group (group 1) were left in the as-cast condition. Groups 2 and 3 were the test specimens, which were sectioned at the center of the rod. Eight specimens were joined by using electric brazing, and the remaining specimens were joined by using laser welding. After joining, each joint was ground to a uniform diameter, then tested to tensile failure on an Instron universal testing machine. Failure loads were recorded and fracture stress calculated. Statistical analysis was applied. Results. The student-Newman-Keuls test showed a highly significant difference between the joint strengths of the as-cast control specimens, the electric-brazed and laser-welded joints. Conclusions. The tensile strengths of the as-cast joints were higher than those for the laser-welded joints, and both were higher than the electric-brazed joint strengths. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:285-90.)
Label switching and its solutions for frequentist mixture models

In this article, the label switching problem and the importance of solving it are discussed for frequentist mixture models if a simulation study is used to evaluate the performance of mixture model estimators. Two effective labelling methods are proposed by using true label for each observation. The empirical studies demonstrate that the new proposed methods work well and provide better results than the rule of thumb method of order constraint labelling. In addition, a Monte Carlo study also demonstrates that simple order constraint labelling can sometimes produce severely biased, and possibly meaningless, estimated bias and standard errors.
Crystal Structure of the Lysine Riboswitch Regulatory mRNA Element

Riboswitches are metabolite-sensitive elements found in mRNAs that control gene expression through a regulatory secondary structural switch. Along with regulation of lysine biosynthetic genes, mutations within the lysine-responsive riboswitch (L-box) play a role in the acquisition of resistance to antimicrobial lysine analogs. To understand the structural basis for lysine binding, we have determined the 2.8A resolution crystal structure of lysine bound to the Thermotoga maritima asd lysine riboswitch ligand-binding domain. The structure reveals a complex architecture scaffolding a binding pocket completely enveloping lysine. Mutations conferring antimicrobial resistance cluster around this site as well as highly conserved long range interactions, indicating that they disrupt lysine binding or proper folding of the RNA. Comparison of the free and bound forms by x-ray crystallography, small angle x-ray scattering, and chemical probing reveals almost identical structures, indicating that lysine induces only limited and local conformational changes upon binding.
Effect of Flow Field Design and Voltage Change Range on the Dynamic Behavior of PEMFCs

Data are presented to show that the dynamic behavior of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) subjected to rapid changes in the voltage depends on the type of flow field and on the voltage range of the voltage change. These data consist of the responses of the current density when the flow rates are constant and at levels that result in operation between fuel stoichiometries of 1.2 and 1.1 (see Ref. 1 and 2 for other stoichiometries). The data expand an understanding of the previously observed pseudo-second-order dynamics of the current responding to a change in voltage. The results show that the undershoot of the final steady-state current that follows the resulting overshoot was observed with a standard triple-path serpentine flow field (SFF) but not with a single-path SFF. The results also show that the dimensionless peak current and the percentage of the overshoot current depend on the starting cell voltage and on the range of the voltage change. Evidence is presented to indicate that these peak heights are limited primarily by oxygen mass transfer, even though the PEMFC is operating at close to fuel-starved conditions.
Reference Communities: Applying the Community of Practice Concept to Development of Reference Knowledge

Communities of practice offer reference librarians a conceptual model through which to develop and maintain general and subject specific knowledge. Reference librarians acquire general and subject-specific knowledge in many ways, sometimes independently and sometimes collaboratively. Applying the concept of the “community of practice” to reference librarians may inform understanding of how librarians can work together to build knowledge and develop professionally.
Electronic structure of Nd-Ce-Cu-O, a Fermi liquid superconductor

Abstract Results of highly precise local density energy band studies of the new electron doped superconductor, Nd 2− x Ce x CuO 4 , are presented which demonstrate the close similarity to the other hole doped superconductors (the important role of the strongly two-dimensional Cu-O antibonding dpσ band, a somewhat lower density of states at the Fermi energy and a highly 2D Fermi surface). This adds additional evidence to support the Fermi liquid description of the normal metallic state of the high T c superconductors.
The Joyless Economy: An Inquiry into Human Satisfaction and Consumer Dissatisfaction

When this classic work was first published in 1976, its central tenet--more is not necessarily better--placed it in direct conflict with mainstream thought in economics. Within a few years, however, this apparently paradoxical claim was gaining wide acceptance. Scitovsky's ground-breaking book was the first to apply theories of behaviorist psychology to questions of consumer behavior and to do so in accessible, non-technical language. Setting out to analyze the failures of our consumerist lifestyle, Scitovsky concluded that people's need for stimulation is so vital that it can lead to violence if not satisfied by novelty--whether in challenging work, art, fashion, gadgets, late-model cars, or scandal. Though much of the book stands as a record of American post-war prosperity and its problems, the revised edition also takes into account recent social and economic changes. A new preface and a foreword by economist Robert Frank cover some of these issues. Two revised chapters discuss the assimilation of counter-cultural ideas throughout American society, especially ideas concerning the quality of life. Scitovsky draws fascinating connections between the new elite of college-educated consumers and the emergence of a growing underclass plagued by drugs and violence, perceptively tracing the reactions of these disparate groups to the problems of leisure and boredom. In the wake of the the so-called "decade of greed" and amidst calls for a "kinder, gentler" society, The Joyless Economy seems more timely than ever.
Development of an optimized protocol for studying the interaction of filamentous bacteriophage with mammalian cells by fluorescence microscopy.

Filamentous bacteriophage has been proposed as a vehicle that can carry and deliver therapeutics into mammalian cells for disease treatment, thus a protocol for imaging phage-cell interaction is essential. Because high signal intensity is necessary to study the mechanism of interaction between filamentous bacteriophage and mammalian cells, it is important to optimize the procedure for fluorescence labeling of phage in order to understand such interaction. Here, we describe a procedure that gives intense fluorescence labeling and can show interactions between fd-tet bacteriophage selected from phage libraries and mammalian cells (SKBR-3 and MCF-10A). The indirect labeling of phage with dye-conjugated antibody and cytoskeleton associated proteins was significantly enhanced in the presence of a cross-linking reagent called dithiobissuccinimidylpropionate (DSP) as shown by qualitative and quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The use of DSP resulted in high signal intensity in fluorescence imaging of phage-cell complex. The DSP cross-linker is believed to preserve soluble unbound proteins for fluorescence imaging. The interaction between the phage and mammalian cells was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Deuterium exchange during acid-demineralisation.

Abstract Isotopic analyses of residues prepared by demineralisation of the Murchison meteorite using D-labelled reagents provide evidence for measurable exchange of H-isotopes between residue and reagents. Precise quantification of this effect is precluded by substantial inhomogeneity of the meteoritic organic matter. A conservative estimate of the degree of exchange is 3 to 5% of the H pyrolysable as H2O. This could affect the shape of the curve defining D-release as a function of temperature, but does not change conclusions previously drawn concerning the nature of the bulk D-enrichment of insoluble organic matter in meteorites.
Kinematic Reversal Schemes for the Geomagnetic Dipole

Fluctuations in the distribution of cyclonic convective cells, in the earth's core, can reverse the sign of the geomagnetic field. Two kinematic reversal schemes are discussed. In the first scheme, a field maintained by cyclones concentrated at low latitude is reversed by a burst of cyclones at high latitude. Conversely, in the second scheme, a field maintained predominantly by cyclones in high latitudes is reversed by a fluctuation consisting of a burst of cyclonic convection at low latitude. The precise fluid motions which produce the geomagnetic field are not known. However, it appears that, whatever the details are, a fluctuation in the distribution of cyclonic cells over latitude can cause a geomagnetic reversal.
The Paradox of Hegemony: America's Ambiguous Relationship with the United Nations

There is an inherent tension between a dominant state's role as a hegemon and its role as a great power. Hegemons have the material capabilities to act unilaterally, yet they cannot remain hegemons if they do so at the expense of the system that they are trying to lead. Thus there is a contradiction between the propensity for a powerful state to take unilateral action in promoting its self-defined interest and its desire to maintain long-term systemic stability. This tension between parochial interest and international responsibility creates a phenomenon called the `paradox of hegemony'. This article conceptualizes this as a form of `role strain' in which hegemons are torn between their conflicting roles as great powers and systemic leaders. It illustrates these points by examining the tensions that have long defined the US relationship with the United Nations.
The motion of particles in the Hele-Shaw cell

The force and torque on a particle that translates, rotates, or is held stationary in an incident flow within a channel with parallel-sided walls, are considered in the limit of Stokes flow. Assuming that the particle has an axisymmetric shape with axis perpendicular to the channel walls, the problem is formulated in terms of a boundary integral equation that is capable of describing arbitrary three-dimensional Stokes flow in an axisymmetric domain. The method involves: (a) representing the flow in terms of a single-layer potential that is defined over the physical boundaries of the flow as well as other external surfaces, (b) decomposing the polar cylindrical components of the velocity, boundary surface force, and single-layer potential in complex Fourier series, and (c) collecting same-order Fourier coefficients to obtain a system of one-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the first kind for the coefficients of the surface force over the traces of the natural boundaries of the flow in an azimuthal plane. In the particular case where the polar cylindrical components of the boundary velocity exhibit a first harmonic dependence on the azimuthal angle, we obtain a reduced system of three real integral equations. A numerical method of solution that is based on a standard boundary element-collocation procedure is developed and tested. For channel flow, the effect of domain truncation on the nature of the far flow is investigated with reference to plane Hagen–Poiseuille flow past a cylindrical post. Numerical results are presented for the force and torque exerted on a family of oblate spheroids located above a single plane wall or within a parallel-sided channel. The effect of particle shape on the structure of the flow is illustrated, and some novel features of the motion are discussed. The numerical computations reveal the range of accuracy of previous asymptotic solutions for small or tightly fitting spherical particles.