cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates hyperoxic lung injury in lambs.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition with cimetidine reduces hyperoxic lung injury in young lambs. Nitric oxide (NO), also a CYP inhibitor, has been shown to either aggravate or protect against oxidant stress depending on experimental context. The objective of this study was to determine whether NO, like cimetidine, would protect young lambs against hyperoxic lung injury, and whether its effect was associated with CYP inhibition. Three groups of lambs were studied: 1) room air exposure, 2) >95% O2, and 3) >95% O2 plus inhaled NO. After 72 h, hyperoxia alone resulted in a significant increase in arterial Pco2 and number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and a significant decrease in arterial/alveolar O2 tension (a/A). The addition of inhaled NO significantly decreased the hypercarbia and BAL polymorphonuclear cellular response associated with hyperoxia but had no beneficial effect on a/A ratio. There were no significant differences in F2-isoprostanes or isofurans (markers of lipid peroxidation) measured in BAL or lung tissue among study groups. No intergroup differences were detected in BAL epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels (index of CYP activity). The results of this study indicate that hypercarbia and inflammation accompanying hyperoxic lung injury in young lambs can be attenuated by inhaled NO. However, this study provides no direct evidence that NO is inhibiting CYP-mediated oxidant lung injury.
The phosphatase Shp2 is required for signaling by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral GPCR in primary endothelial cells.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), an AIDS-related endothelial cell malignancy that is the most common cancer in central and southern Africa. The KSHV viral G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) is a viral oncogene that conveys a survival advantage to endothelial cells and causes KS-like tumors in mouse models. In this study we investigate the role of Shp2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase in vGPCR signaling. Shp2 is vital to many cytokine-induced signaling pathways and is dysregulated in various infections and malignancies. It has also recently been implicated in angiogenesis. We find that vGPCR activity results in phosphorylation of regulatory tyrosines in Shp2 and that in turn, Shp2 is required for vGPCR-mediated activation of MEK, NFκB, and AP-1. Furthermore, both genetic and chemical inhibition of Shp2 abrogate vGPCR-induced enhancement of endothelial cell migration. This establishes Shp2 as an important point of convergence of KSHV vGPCR signaling and a potential molecular target in the design of an anti-KSHV therapeutic regimen.
Covering Victims in the News: What Makes Minority Homicides Newsworthy?

The current study builds on the homicide and media criminological literature by examining the newsworthiness of 866 homicide incidents that occurred in Newark, NJ between 1997 and 2007. Recognizing...
Pancreatic endocrine tumors: Recent advances

Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET's) can be divided on a clinical and pathologic basis into ten classes [insulinomas, gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), VIPomas (Verner-Morrison syndrome, WDHA, pancreatic cholera), glucagonomas, somatostatinomas, ACTH-releasing tumors (ACTHomas), growth hormone-releasing factor secreting tumors (GRFomas), nonfunctioning or pancreatic polypeptide secreting tumors (non-functioning PET), PET's causing carcinoid syndrome and PET's causing hypercalcemia)]. Recent reports suggest calcitonin-secreting PET's also rarely occur but whether they cause a distinct clinical syndrome is unclear. PET's resemble carcinoid tumors histologically; in their ability to synthesize and frequently secrete multiple peptides such as neuroendocrine cell markers (chromogranins); their biologic behavior and their tumor growth patterns. Both groups of tumors are highly vascular, have high densities of somatostatin receptors and similar tumor localization studies including somatostatin receptor scintigraphy are used for both. PET's, similar to carcinoids causing the carcinoid syndrome, require two separate treatment options be considered: treatment directed against the hormone-excess state and treatment directed against the tumor per se because of their malignant nature. In the last few years there have been advances in tumor diagnosis, localization methods, treatment approaches particularly related to the use of synthetic somatostatin analogues, and the definition of the role of surgical procedures in these diseases. Important other advances include insights into the long-term natural history of PET's particularly from studies of gastrinomas, which allow prognostic factors to be identified and the timing of treatment options to better planned, as well as insights into the molecular basis of these disorders. The latter includes both a description of the molecular basis of the genetic inherited syndromes associated with PET's or carcinoid tumors, as well as an increased understanding of the molecular basis for sporadic PET's or carcinoid tumors. Each of these areas will be briefly highlighted in this presentation.
A Ferry-based Intrusion Detection Scheme for Sparsely Connected Ad Hoc Networks

Several intrusion detection approaches have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. Many of the approaches assume that there are sufficient neighbors to help monitor the transmissions and receptions of data packets by other nodes to detect abnormality. However, in a sparsely connected adhoc network, nodes usually have very small number of neighbors. In addition, new history based routing schemes e.g. Prophet have been proposed because traditional adhoc routing schemes do not work well in sparse ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a ferry-based intrusion detection and mitigation (FBIDM) scheme for sparsely connected ad hoc networks that use Prophet as their routing scheme. Via simulations, we study the effectiveness of the FBIDM scheme when malicious nodes launch selective data dropping attacks. Our results with different mobility models, ferry speed, traffic load scenarios indicate that the FBIDM scheme is promising in reducing the impact of such malicious attacks.
Post-exposure prophylaxis for SIV revisited: Animal model for HIV prevention

Background A 4-week, uninterrupted treatment with 9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyly)adenine (PMPA, commonly called tenofovir) completely prevents simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmne) infection in cynomolgus macaques if treatment begins within 24 hours after SIVmne inoculation, but is less effective if treatment is delayed or duration of treatment is shortened. Critical factors for efficacy include timing and duration of treatment, potency of antiretroviral drug and a contribution from antiviral immune responses. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of one or more treatment interruptions plus SIVmne re-exposures on efficacy of PMPA treatment to prevent SIVmne infection in cynomolgus macaques. We also evaluated whether macaques with pre-existing SIV immune responses show increased efficacy of treatment. Eight PMPA-treated, virus-negative and seronegative macaques, and five PMPA-treated, virus-negative but weakly or strongly seropositive macaques were re-inoculated with SIVmne and treated with PMPA starting 24 hr post inoculation. Thereafter, they received either a 5-week treatment involving one interruption plus one SIVmne challenge or a 10-week treatment involving six interruptions plus six SIVmne challenges early during treatment. Parameters measured were plasma SIV RNA, SIV-antibody response, CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets and in vivo CD8+ cell-suppression of virus infection.
Appeasing Equals: Lateral Deference in Organizational Communication

Using archival data on a year of e-mail exchanges at a division of Enron (Study 1) and a field study of management professionals (Study 2), we explore how the relative hierarchical rank of a messag...
Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma occurring during pregnancy with a novel translocation involving chromosome 19: a case report with review of the literature

The recently recognized renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with Xp11.2 translocations (TFE3 transcription factor gene fusions) are rare tumors predominantly reported in children. They comprise at least one-third of pediatric RCCs and only few adult cases have been reported. Here, we present a case of Xp11.2 translocation RCC in 26-year-old pregnant female. Her routine antenatal ultrasonography accidentally found a complex cystic right renal mass. Further radiologic studies revealed unilocular cyst with multiple mural nodules at inferior pole of right kidney, which was suspicious for RCC. She underwent right radical nephrectomy at 15 weeks gestation. Macroscopically, the cystic tumor was well encapsulated with multiple friable mural nodules on its inner surface. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of clear and eosinophilic/oncocytic voluminous cells arranged in papillary, trabecular, and nested/alveolar patterns. Occasional hyaline nodules and numerous psammoma bodies were present.
A REASSESSMENT OF THE 29SI MAS-NMR SPECTRA OF SEPIOLITE AND ALUMINATED SEPIOLITE

A B S T R ACT: A 29Si MAS-NMR one-pulse and { t H } CP comparative study of sepiolite, folded sepiolite, aluminated sepiolite, and palygorskite was conducted. The three main resonances of sepiolite at -92.0 +_ 0.1, -94.3 +_ 0.1, and -97.8 _+ 0.1 p.p.m, were assigned with respect to the position of the Si atoms within the three pairs of symmetrical sites in the basal plane. The line at -97.8 p.p.m, was attributed to the central sites by comparison with the resonances and chemical environments of Si in talc and palygorskite. The line at -94.3 p.p.m, was attributed to the edge sites, because it is strongly reinforced by cross-polarization. Alumination of sepiolite led to a broadening of the peaks and new downfield resonances in line with what can be observed in other phyllosilicates and zeolites.
A practical approach to condition and risk based power transformer asset replacement

As with other utilities, National Grid is faced with a fleet of transformers, many heavily loaded, where the present age of many units is in excess of the expected design life. National Grid is pursuing a practical and iterative approach to replacement based on risk: a combination of condition and criticality. The process is iterative and makes best use of condition data and subject matter expert opinion, combined with consequence of unplanned unavailability. The result is a list of transformers targeted for strategic replacement and an ‘action plan’ for all units based on tactical response which may include system reconfiguration.
The characterization of microrna-Mediated gene regulation as impacted by both target site location and seed match type

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that play important roles in gene regulation and translational repression. The mechanisms that facilitate miRNA target binding and recognition have been extensively studied in recent years. However, it is still not well known how the miRNA regulation is affected by the location and the flanking sequences of miRNA target sites. In this study, we systematically quantify the contribution of a wide spectrum of target sites on miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation. Our study investigates target sites located in four different gene regions, including 3' untranslated regions, coding sequences, 5′ untranslated regions and promoter regions. We have also introduced four additional non-canonical types of seed matches beyond the canonical seed matches, and included them in our study. Computational analysis of quantitative proteomic data has demonstrated that target sites located in different regions impact the miRNA-mediated repression differently but synergistically. In addition, we have shown the synergistic effects among non-canonical seed matches and canonical ones that enhance the miRNA regulatory effects. Further systematic analysis on the site accessibility near the target regions and the secondary structure of the mRNA sequences have demonstrated substantial variations among target sites of different locations and of different types of seed matches, suggesting the mRNA secondary structure could explain some of the difference in the miRNA regulatory effects impacted by these different target sites. Our study implies miRNAs might regulate their targets under different mechanisms when target sites vary in both their locations and the types of seed matches they contain.
Statins inhibit Aβ-neurotoxicity in vitro and Aβ-induced vasoconstriction and inflammation in rat aortae

Abstract Freshly solubilized Aβ peptides synergistically increase the magnitude of the constriction induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1), via the activation of a pro-inflammatory pathway. We report that mevinolin and mevastatin, two inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase are able to completely abolish the vasoactive properties of Aβ in rat aortae. Mevinolin also appears to oppose the increased vascular reactivity to ET-1 induced by interleukin 1-β and phospholipase A 2 suggesting that statins display some anti-inflammatory properties. We show that freshly solubilized Aβ stimulates prostaglandin E 2 and F 2α production (by 6 and 3.6 times, respectively) in isolated rat aortae and that mevinolin completely antagonizes this effect confirming the anti-inflammatory action of mevinolin ex vivo in rat aortae. In addition, we observed that Aβ vasoactivity is not mediated nor modulated by mevalonic acid suggesting that the anti-inflammatory action of the statins are not related to an inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. Differentiated human neuroblastoma cells (IMR32) were used to assess the neurotoxic effect of pre-aggregated Aβ by quantifying the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell culture medium. Aβ appears to enhance LDH release by 30% in IMR32 cells, an effect that can be completely opposed by mevastatin. Taken together these data show that statins can antagonize the effect of Aβ in different assays and provide new clues to understand the prophylactic action of the statins against Alzheimer's disease.
Performance evaluation of a three priority CEBus router

The performance evaluation of a three priority CEBus router handling traffic between the power line and twisted pair media is evaluated by simulation. The message and channel throughput and the message and packet delay are studied for a wide range of offered traffic loads. The router behaves well, according to message priority. The internetwork traffic shows a larger delay than intranetwork traffic. >
Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis viral mRNA synthesis by interferons.

Abstract Interferon (IFN) treatment inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in human GM2767 and mouse JLSV-11 cells. The replication of this virus in either human RD-114 or mouse A402 cells was insensitive to IFN treatment. We analyzed various steps in the VSV life cycle as they occurred under different conditions of IFN treatment to identify the point(s) at which IFN was exerting its inhibitory effect. IFN treatment led to strong inhibition of viral protein synthesis and accumulation of viral RNA in both lines of IFN-sensitive cells. No such effect was observed in the IFN-resistant cells. Using a temperature-sensitive mutant (tsG41) and wild-type VSV that were not undergoing protein synthesis, we determined that the major site of action of IFN against VSV replication in JLSV-11 and GM2767 cells was at the level of primary viral transcription. The accumulation of primary viral transcripts was strongly inhibited in these cells by IFN treatment. This effect was not a consequence of any effect of IFN on virus entry and uncoating. Thus, it appears that IFN exerts a direct effect on the VSV transcriptional process in GM2767 and JLSV-11 cells.
Routine, Self-Administered, Touch-Screen, Computer- Based Suicidal Ideation Assessment Linked to Automated Response Team Notification in an HIV Primary Care Setting

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS continue to be associated with an underrecognized risk for suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and completed suicide. Suicidal ideation represents an important predictor for subsequent attempted and completed suicide. We sought to implement routine screening of suicidal ideation and associated conditions using computerized patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments. Methods. Two geographically distinct academic HIV primary care clinics enrolled patients who attended scheduled visits from December 2005 through February 2009. Touch-screen, computer-based PRO assessments were implemented into routine clinical care. Substance abuse, alcohol consumption, depression, and anxiety were assessed. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire assesses the frequency of suicidal ideation in the preceding 2 weeks. A response of “nearly every day” triggered an automated page to predetermined clinic personnel, who completed more detailed self-harm assessments. Results. Overall, 1216 patients (740 from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and 476 from the University of Washington) completed the initial PRO assessment during the study period. Patients were predominantly white (646 [53%]) and male (959 [79%]), with a mean age (� standard deviation) of years. Among surveyed 44 � 10 patients, 170 (14%) endorsed some level of suicidal ideation, whereas 33 (3%) admitted suicidal ideation nearly every day. In multivariable analysis, suicidal ideation risk was lower with advancing age (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 per 10 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐0.96) and was increased with current substance abuse (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.03‐3.44) and more-severe depression (OR, 3.91 for moderate depression [95% CI, 2.12‐7.22] and 25.55 for severe depression [95% CI, 12.73‐51.30]). Discussion. Suicidal ideation was associated with current substance abuse and depression. The use of novel technologies to incorporate routine self-reported screening for suicidal ideation and other health domains allows for timely detection and intervention for this life-threatening condition.
Trends in Elementary Spanish Texts

bdsicas: A Literary Reader, by EdwardJ. Mullen; A Civilization Reader, by FrederickJ. Zierten; and A Cultural Reader, by Modesto M. Diaz (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976). Jose Almeida, Stephen C. Mohler, and Robert R. Stinson, Descubrir y crear; Teacher's Guide; Cuaderno de ejercicios (New York: Harper and Row, 1976). Jose Rubia Barcia, Lengua y cultura; Manual del instructor (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973). Matilde O. Castells and Harold E. Lionetti, La lengua espanola-Gramdtica y cultura, 2nd edition; Cuaderno de ejercicios, 1st edition; Instructor's Manual, 1st edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974, 1978). Clay Ben Christensen and David E. Wolfe, Vistas hispdnicas. Introduccion a la lengua y la cultura (Clemens L. Hallman, contributing author); Student Workbook/Laboratory Manual; Instructor's Manual (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1977). John B. Dalbor, Beginning College Spanish: From Sounds to Structures; Workbook (New York: Random House, 1972). Katherine J. Hampares, with Nelly E. Santos, Spanish: A Modular Approach Book I [textbook], Book II [programmed grammar] and Book III [reader]; Teacher's Manual (New York: Harper and Row, 1976).
Using Joint Scaling Methods to Study Ideology and Representation: Evidence from Latin America

In this article, I use joint scaling methods and similar items from three large-scale surveys to place voters, parties, and politicians from different Latin American countries on a common ideological space. The findings reveal that ideology is a significant determinant of vote choice in Latin America. They also suggest that the success of leftist leaders at the polls reflects the views of the voters sustaining their victories. The location of parties and leaders reveals that three distinctive clusters exist: one located at the left of the political spectrum, another at the center, and a third on the right. The results also indicate that legislators in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru tend to be more “leftists” than their voters. The ideological drift, however, is not significant enough to substantiate the view that a disconnect between voters and politicians lies behind the success of leftist presidents in these countries. These findings highlight the importance of using a commonspace scale to compare disparate populations and call into question a number of recent studies by scholars of Latin American politics who fail to adequately address this important issue.
Human Telomere G-Quadruplexes with Five Repeats Accommodate 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine by Looping out the DNA Damage.

Inflammation and oxidative stress generate free radicals that oxidize guanine (G) in DNA to 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), and this reaction is prominent in the G-rich telomere sequence. In telomeres, OG is not efficiently removed by repair pathways allowing its concentration to build, surprisingly without any immediate negative consequences to stability. Herein, OG was synthesized in five repeats of the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n, at the 5′-G of the 5′-most, middle, and 3′-most G tracks, representing hotspots for oxidation. These synthetic oligomers were folded in relevant amounts of K+/Na+ to adopt hybrid G-quadruplex folds. The structural impact of OG was assayed by circular dichroism, thermal melting, 1H NMR, and single-molecule profiling by the α-hemolysin nanopore. On the basis of these results, OG was well accommodated in the five-repeat sequences by looping out the damaged G track to allow the other four tracks to adopt a hybrid G-quadruplex. These results run counter to previous studies wi...
Time complexity and architecture of a cloud based prognostics system for a multi-client condition monitoring activity

Condition and cloud based prognostics offers the opportunities to reduce loss due to machine failures and delay in planning for maintenance activities and spare parts. The time complexity of the prognostics algorithms used for predicting imminent component failures or the remaining useful life of critical components plays a vital role in determining the accuracy and feasibility of prognostics systems. We discuss the infrastructure needs of cloud based prognostics and compare time complexity of different prognostics methods used to predict machine failures.
The Supreme Court's Bout With Insanity: Clark v. Arizona

Clark v. Arizona purported to raise significant issues regarding the constitutional nature for the insanity defense and the constitutional right to present evidence. In reality, it presented neither issue, though the Court mistakenly thought it did. Instead, Clark raised and implicitly resolved something that is equally as significant, namely, whether a state may require defendants to bear the burden of negating mens rea that the prosecution otherwise has the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt.
Simulating Non-Lambertian Phenomena Involving Linearly-Varying Luminaires

We present a new technique for exactly computing glossy reflections and transmissions of polygonal Lambertian luminaires with linearly-varying radiant exitance. To derive the underlying closed-form expressions, we introduce a rational generalization of irradiance tensors and an associated recurrence relation. The generalized tensors allow us to integrate a useful class of rational polynomials over regions of the sphere; this class of rational polynomials can simultaneously account for the linear variation of radiant exitance across a planar luminaire and simple forms of non-Lambertian scattering. Applications include the computation of irradiance at a point, view-dependent reflections from glossy surfaces, and transmissions through glossy surfaces, where the scattering is limited to Phong distributions and the incident illumination is due to linearlyvarying luminaires. In polyhedral environments, the resulting expressions can be exactly evaluated in quadratic time (in the Phong exponent) using dynamic programming or efficiently approximated in linear time using standard numerical quadrature. To illustrate the use of generalized irradiance tensors, we present a greatly simplified derivation of a previously published closed-form expression for the irradiance due to linearly-varying luminaires, and simulate Phong-like scattering effects from such emitters. The validity of our algorithm is demonstrated by comparison with Monte Carlo.
Forest certification and green building standards: overview and use in the U.S. hardwood industry

Abstract The environmental movement has emerged as a response to society's concerns about the sustainability of Earth's natural resources and the effects of human activity on the environment and on society's well-being. Effects such as deforestation, air and water pollution, and resource depletion have shown to cause a decline in the quality of life of humans. In response, concerned citizens, non-governmental organizations, and governments have started initiatives to ensure the responsible utilization of our natural resources. Two of these initiatives in particular are relevant for U.S. hardwood products manufacturers: forest certification systems and green building standards. The former are standards created with the purpose of ensuring the sustainable utilization of the forest resource. Most forest certification systems also offer a chain-of-custody certification, to assure customers that label-carrying products indeed originate from certified forests. Green building standards were created to reduce the environmental impact caused by building construction and use. This paper presents the results from a survey of U.S. hardwood lumber manufacturers, with the objective of learning about the industry's awareness and perceptions about forest certification and green building systems and the impact of the environmental movement on the industry. Questions asked ranged from familiarity with different systems for forest certification and green building standards to these systems' financial and market impact on hardwood lumber industry participants. Responses show that industry participants are more familiar with forest certification systems than with green building standards. Among forest certification systems, the Sustainable Forest Initiative (SFI) is the most recognized, followed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Almost 30 percent of respondents reported holding some type of chain of custody (COC) certification and 26 percent stated that obtaining certification was in their plans. Out of the respondents who participated in COC certification at the time of the study, only 25 percent reported having benefited financially from it. Awareness with green building standards among respondents is low in general, but the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the National Green Building Standard were the most recognized. When asked what the industry should do to obtain the maximum benefits from the environmental movement, most respondents, 36 percent, suggested that the industry should do more to educate the public on the environmentally-friendly nature of hardwood products.
Strategic event creation

This book undoubtedly offers an innovative perspective on creative event creation for prospective and current event planners, and all stakeholders who would like to revive their knowledge of event ...
Beam Control and Laser Characterization for NIF

The demanding energy, power, pulse shape, focusability, pointing, and availability requirements placed on the 192 National Ignition Facility (NIF) beams lead to the need for an automatic operation ...
Cervical osteoradionecrosis following accelerated fractionation radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer

Osteoradionecrosis is a serious complication that may occur following radiation therapy, particularly head and neck–directed radiation therapy. A very limited number of cases of cervical-spine osteoradionecrosis have been reported1-6 and only 2 involve altered fractionation radiation therapy.6 We present a patient with extensive osteoradionecrosis 9 years after receiving accelerated fractionation radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy.
Biologic false-positive reactions in serologic tests for syphilis in narcotic addiction. Reduced incidence during methadone maintenance treatment.

Biologic false-positive (BFP) tests for syphilis was found in 23% of 69 New York heroin addicts. After 23 ± 7 months of methadone maintenance treatment, BFP decreased to 5.8%. No correlation between abnormalities in SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, total protein, and the presence or loss of BFP reactions was observed. Similarly, no correlation between serum IgM or IgG levels or latex-fixation titers and the presence or loss of BFP reactions was found. BFP is a nonspecific serologic abnormality seen in urban narcotic addicts, which is alleviated by methadone treatment, presumably as a result of reduced exposure to unknown antigens.
Large scale preparation of liver mitochondria with the Waring blendor.

SummaryA method is described for the preparation of mitochondria from 50 to 100 g of liver. The tissue is pulped in a special press and homogenized at a reduced motor speed for a short time in the Waring blendor in isotonic sucrose. The mitochondria are isolated by differential centrifugation from isotonic sucrose. The ATP-ase, fatty acid oxidase, and succinoxidase activities of these preparations were shown to be similar to those of mitochondria prepared with a pestle type homogenizer.
Abstract LB-267: GRB7: A novel target in basal breast cancer

Basal breast cancers lack expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2, rendering them non-responsive to the most commonly used targeted therapies in breast cancer. These tumors are typically more aggressive, more locally invasive and more likely to metastasize to the brain than other breast cancer subtypes and, consequently, have a poor prognosis. GRB7 is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that interacts with receptor tyrosine kinases, relaying information to their downstream signaling cascades. It also plays a role in integrin signaling and cell migration by binding focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and ephrin receptors. It is a part of the HER2 amplicon and is frequently overexpressed in HER2-amplified breast tumors. Breast tumors in which HER2 and GRB7 are both co-amplified and co-overexpressed have a poor prognosis. We and others have recently determined that high levels of GRB7 are associated with recurrence in women with triple-negative breast cancer treated with anthracyclines (Sparano et al. J Clin Oncol 27(15s) 500). In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that triple-negative breast cancer cell lines are dependent on GRB7 for proliferation, migration and invasion. We have utilized a highly specific cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of GRB7 (G7-18NATE) and tested its effects on a panel of 5 basal breast cancer cell lines in a series of culture assays: monolayer wound healing assays (motility on 2D substrates), transwell invasion assays (in vitro invasiveness) and 3D Matrigel cultures (morphogenesis in 3D environment). In all cases evaluated, the Grb7 inhibitory peptide impaired the proliferation, migration and invasion of these cell lines, even though these cells express low levels of GRB7 compared to HER2-amplified cell lines. These data implicate GRB7 as a key mediator of several important phenotypes of basal breast cancer cells and suggest that GRB7 itself, or GRB7-dependent pathways, may prove to be important targets for the development of specific therapies for this disease. This work was supported in part by Susan G. Komen for the Cure (KG091136). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-267.
Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry Studies of the Thermal Decomposition of Tetrakis(dimethylamino)Titanium

Tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT) is an important precursor for TiN, TiCN, and TiSiN thin films in chemical vapor deposition. In order to better understand how the gas phase chemistry influences the formation of these films, the decomposition of TDMAT has been studied in a high-temperature flow reactor (HTFR) by molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). Two kinetic regimes have been observed as a function of temperature. Rate expressions and mechanistic implications will be presented. Further studies are in progress to identify the gas phase species relevant to the decomposition mechanism of TDMAT.
Polymerized ionic liquid diblock copolymer as an ionomer and anion exchange membrane for alkaline fuel cells

Abstract Alkaline fuel cells have the potential to provide sustainable portable energy without high-cost platinum if robust, chemically stable anion exchange polymers can be discovered. In this study, a polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) diblock copolymer, poly(MMA-b-MUBIm-HCO3), composed of an ionic liquid monomer, (1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)undecyl]-3-butylimidazolium bicarbonate) (MUBIm-HCO3), and a non-ionic monomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA), was produced via anion exchange metathesis from the precursor bromide conducting PIL block copolymer, poly(MMA-b-MUBIm-Br), at two PIL compositions (20.0 and 37.9 mol%). Prior to anion exchange, the precursor block copolymer was synthesized via the reverse addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique. Non-porous, dense membranes fabricated from this PIL block copolymer were highly conductive, transparent, flexible, and water insoluble. Membrane electrode assemblies were fabricated with this polymer as both the solid-state membrane separator and the ionomer in the catalyst layers using three different techniques: Painted Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), Air Spray GDL, and Decal Transfer. Alkaline fuel cell (AFC) performance was measured as a function of fuel cell operating conditions, MEA fabrication technique, membrane thickness, and ionomer in different anion exchanged forms. AFC maximum power density of approximately 30 mW cm−1 was obtained for H2/O2 fuel, 25 psig (172 kPa) back pressure, 50 μm thick membrane using the Painted GDL MEA fabrication technique. For the first time, these results demonstrate the feasibility of using PIL block copolymers as the membrane and ionomer in alkaline fuel cells.
Adhesion of leukocytes from flow: The selectins and their ligands

Leukocyte adhesion is a hallmark of the inflammatory process. Their recruitment to a site of inflammation encompasses a remarkable sequence of events necessary to efficiently and specifically arrest leukocytes on the vascular endothelium and direct their transmigration [1-6]. In most inflammatory settings, leukocyte recruitment is restricted to postcapillary venules with diameters between 10 and 300 μm. Typical blood flow velocities in such vessels range from 1 to 10 mm/s, allowing for blood transit times on the order of 0.1 to 0.01 s for a 100 μm segment of venule. This time interval is too short to ensure activation and attachment of leukocytes suspended in the flowing blood.
Deactivation Studies of Rh/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 Catalysts in Low Temperature Ethanol Steam Reforming

Rapid deactivation of Rh/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts during low temperature ethanol steam reforming was studied. A significant build-up of reaction intermediates, instead of carbon deposit, was observed at low reaction temperatures. This appears to be the cause of rapid catalyst deactivation. Co-feed experiments indicated that possible intermediate products acetone and ethylene caused more severe catalyst deactivation than other oxygenates such as acetic acid and acetaldehyde.
Echoes of Romeo and Juliet in Let the Right One In and Let Me In

John Ajvide Lindqvist’s Swedish vampire-novel Lat den Ratte Komma In (Let the Right One In, 2004) quotes Romeo and Juliet several times. First, there appears a longer quotation, initially as a chapter epigraph and subsequently as the contents of a written note left by one of the tween protagonists for the other: Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops. I must be gone and live, or stay and die.1
White-Nose Syndrome: A Fungal Disease of North American Hibernating Bats

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging infectious disease affecting several species of hibernating bats in North America and threatening at least one species with regional extinction. The syndrome is associated with a cutaneous fungal infection caused by the newly described fungus, Geomyces destructans (Gd) , reduced fat reserves, atypical behavior, severe wing damage, and high mortality. Six North American bat species are currently affected by WNS, but Gd has been reported from three other hibernating species. Given the rapid geographic spread of Gd , several other species are at risk of infection. G. destructans has also been isolated from nine European bat species. However, no other symptoms of WNS or associated mass mortality of bats associated with this fungus has been observed in Europe. The postulated pathogenic role of Gd is not fully understood, although it appears to disrupt the physiology and alter the behavior of hibernating bats. Given the unique life-history traits of hibernating bats, decimated populations will recover very slowly, if at all, unless the syndrome can be effectively managed. Without implementation of effective management practices ( e.g. , mitigation and recovery), lasting ecological and economic impacts at both regional and national scales can be expected.
Application of Pattern Recognition to Knowledge System Design and Diagnostic Inference

An unconventional application of pattern recognition techniques to diagnostic inference is presented. This approach, which is referred to as knowledge-based pattern recognition, is the basis of a diagnostic and consultation system design. The input manifestations are automatically converted to query pattern vectors. The diseases and disease categories are characterized by disease pattern vectors. Diagnostic knowledge is represented in terms of multiple-valued matrices and stored in an associative-tree structure. A variety of similarity measures are considered for pattern matching. Diagnostic inference is performed on the basis of manifestation profile histograms. The proposed approach provides a design technique for knowledge transfer and utilization systems.
Tools for fully data-driven machine learning

In Sections 3.2 and 4.5 we have discussed how understanding of regression and classification datasets can be used to forge useful features in particular instances. With regression we saw that by visualizing low-dimensional data we could form excellent features for particular datasets like e.g., data from Galileo's classic ramp experiment. Later, when discussing classification, we also saw how basic features can be designed for e.g., image data using our understanding of natural signals and the mammalian visual processing system. Unfortunately, due to our general ignorance regarding most types of phenomena in the universe, instances such as these are rare and we often have no knowledge on which to construct reasonable features at all. However, we can, as described in the next three chapters, automate the process of feature design itself by leveraging what we know strong features should accomplish for regression/classification tasks.
Cyborg Minds at Play in Participatory Cultures, or, Going Public in Private

This chapter examines the cultural anxiety that an increasing use of digital technology, and social networking in all its forms, is causing a decline in the quality of education and a collapse of both written and spoken language. In response, the realistic fiction I survey here, by authors including Julie Ann Peters, Rainbow Rowell, and Sarra Manning, supports danah boyd’s observation that networked publics not only promote new and versatile forms of literacy among young people but also enable civic engagement. This fiction indicates the ways that multimodal digital literacy represents not a collapse of language and literacy, but a wider array of opportunities to form networked publics with an awareness of their dangers and capabilities.
Fault creep rates of the Chaman fault (Afghanistan and Pakistan) inferred from InSAR

The Chaman fault is the major strike-slip structural boundary between the India and Eurasia plates. Despite sinistral slip rates similar to the North America-Pacific plate boundary, no major (>M7) earthquakes have been documented along the Chaman fault, indicating that the fault either creeps aseismically or is at a late stage in its seismic cycle. Recent work with remotely sensed interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series documented a heterogeneous distribution of fault creep and interseismic coupling along the entire length of the Chaman fault, including an ~125 km long creeping segment and an ~95 km long locked segment within the region documented in this study. Here I present additional InSAR time series results from the Envisat and ALOS radar missions spanning the southern and central Chaman fault in an effort to constrain the locking depth, dip, and slip direction of the Chaman fault. I find that the fault deviates little from a vertical geometry and accommodates little to no fault-normal displacements. Peak-documented creep rates on the fault are 9–12 mm/yr, accounting for 25–33% of the total motion between India and Eurasia, and locking depths in creeping segments are commonly shallower than 500 m. The magnitude of the 1892 Chaman earthquake is well predicted by the total area of the ~95 km long coupled segment. To a first order, the heterogeneous distribution of aseismic creep combined with consistently shallow locking depths suggests that the southern and central Chaman fault may only produce small to moderate earthquakes (<M7).
Anticoagulants in Stroke Treatment

Abstract Most ischemic strokes are caused by arterial or cardiac thromboembolism. Oral anticoagulants including vitamin K antagonists and new oral anticoagulants are standard medical therapy for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke after embolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulation can be used as short-term therapy in various ischemic stroke settings, such as cerebral venous thrombosis and cervical arterial dissections. The emergency use of anticoagulants in ischemic stroke for stroke prevention and halting stroke propagation is less established and carries a small risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Early use of low-dose anticoagulants can prevent deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in bedridden stroke patients. Hemorrhagic stroke represents a challenge for the use of anticoagulants. The risk of anticoagulation after ICH or in the setting of cerebral microbleeds needs to be weighed against the risk of potential thrombotic events and the therapeutic benefit.
Electrochemical Investigation of pH‐Dependent Activity of Polyethylenimine‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles

pH-dependent electroanalytical behaviour and catalytic activity of branched polyethylenimine-capped silver nanoparticles (PEI-AgNPs) were studied using nanoparticle collision electrochemistry, linear sweep voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical collision signals respond rapidly to pH-induced protonation of the PEI chain at the AgNP surface. This method allows for screening and catalytic activity evaluation of PEI-AgNPs for the decomposition of organic dyes, demonstrated in this work with methylene blue (MB). Higher oxidation of PEI-AgNPs was observed at neutral and basic pH when the particles are stabilized by the PEI chain. Cumulatively, these results indicate that NP collision electrochemistry can be used in addition to spectroscopy and microscopy for studying the effect of the capping agent on the electrochemical behaviour of AgNPs and evaluating the relationship between the surface properties and catalytic activity. These measurements provide fundamental information about how surface characteristics, environment and capping ligands affect NP properties and activity.
Recent Advances in the Systems Biology of Aging.

Abstract Significance: Reductionist studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of the basic biology of aging in recent years but we still do not understand fundamental mechanisms for many identified drugs and pathways. Use of systems approaches will help us move forward in our understanding of aging. Recent Advances: Recent work described here has illustrated the power of systems biology to inform our understanding of aging through the study of (i) diet restriction, (ii) neurodegenerative disease, and (iii) biomarkers of aging. Critical Issues: Although we do not understand all of the individual genes and pathways that affect aging, as we continue to uncover more of them, we have now also begun to synthesize existing data using systems-level approaches, often to great effect. The three examples noted here all benefit from computational approaches that were unknown a few years ago, and from biological insights gleaned from multiple model systems, from aging laboratories as well as many other are...
Real Estate and Site Separation

Every M&A deal has a significant real estate IT component that may be underestimated by even the most seasoned M&A practitioners. The complexities involved in dealing with hundreds of globally dispersed sites with a very significant IT footprint must be well understood before embarking on real estate-related M&A projects. Lack of proper knowledge of the company facilities and how these sites are equipped can have a significant impact on a transition program’s scope and budget. This is an area that can certainly cause unanticipated project delays and cost overrun.
Improved outcomes following implementation of a multidisciplinary care pathway for elderly hip fractures.

Hip fractures in patients 65 years and older are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. With the steady increase in the elderly population, we implemented an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the management of hip fractures to optimize patient care and surgical outcomes. To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary hip fracture care pathway on patient outcomes in the care of elderly patients. A retrospective analysis of the differences in outcomes prior to (January–October 2014) and after (November 2014–April 2016) implementation of a hip fracture care pathway at a regional Level I trauma center was performed. There were 80 patients in the pre-pathway group and 191 patients in the post-pathway group with an average age of 83.18 ± 8.24 years. The analysis demonstrated that the post-pathway group had a lower incidence of in-hospital complications (9.95 vs 30.00%; p ≤ 0.001), shorter emergency room length of stay (3.76 ± 2.43 vs 6.78 ± 2.88 h; p ≤ 0.0001), and shorter overall hospital length of stay (5.03 ± 3.46 vs 7.44 ± 6.66 days; p = 0.0028). The in-hospital mortality rate was similar between groups (4.71 vs 6.25%; p = 0.6018). The development of a multidisciplinary approach to the care of elderly patients with hip fractures improved morbidity and showed a downward trend in mortality. Elderly patients with hip fractures treated at our trauma center had improved clinical outcomes after the implementation of a multidisciplinary care pathway.