cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retrograde endocannabinoid regulation of GABAergic inhibition in the rat dentate gyrus granule cell

The dentate gyrus is a key input gateway for the hippocampus, and dentate function is potently regulated by GABAergic inhibition. GABAergic inhibition is plastic and modulated by many factors. Cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca(+)](i)) is one of these factors, and its elevation inhibits GABA-mediated transmission in the hippocampus including the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGCs). We examined whether the [Ca(+)](i)-dependent decrease of GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) is explained by the retrograde suppression of GABA release caused by the depolarization-induced elevation of [Ca(+)](i) in DGCs (DSI: depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition). Repeated brief depolarizations or a single long depolarization inhibited spontaneous IPSCs with amplitudes over 25 pA for up to a minute, and reduced the amplitude of IPSCs evoked by direct stimulation in the molecular layer, suggesting that DGCs are susceptible to DSI. The magnitude of DSI correlated linearly with the duration of depolarization, and so did the increase of [Ca(+)](i). DSI was blocked by intrapipette application of BAPTA. In addition, bath application of thapsigargin and ryanodine, and intrapipette application of ryanodine and ruthenium red reduced the [Ca(+)](i) increase caused by the DSI-inducing depolarization, and substantially reduced the magnitude of DSI. Finally, the cannabinoid receptor agonists, CP55,942 and WIN55,212-2, mimicked DSI and prevented further IPSC reduction by DSI. DSI was blocked by the antagonist, SR141716A. We conclude that GABAergic inhibition in DGCs is subject to endogenous cannabinoid (eCB)-mediated retrograde regulation, and this process involves a depolarization-initiated release of Ca(+) from ryanodine-sensitive stores. Our findings suggest eCBs probably have physiological functions in the regulation of GABAergic plasticity in the dentate gyrus.
Finite temperature structure and thermodynamics of the Au Σ5 (001) twist boundary

The structure and thermodynamic properties of a Σ5 (001) twist boundary in gold are studied as a function of temperature. This study was performed within the framework of the Local Harmonic (LH) model and employed an Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potential for gold. We find that for the Σ5 (001) twist boundary in gold, a distorted CSL structure is stable at low temperatures, but undergoes a phase transformation to a DSC related structure near room temperature. This transformation is shown to be first order. The temperature dependences of the excess grain boundary free energy, enthalpy, entropy, specific heat, and excess volume are calculated. Discontinuities are observed in the slope of the grain boundary excess free energy (versus temperature), in the value of the grain boundary excess specific heat and excess volume. The stable high temperature grain boundary structure has a smaller excess volume than does the lower temperature structure, and both structures have a coefficient of thermal expansion which is in excess of that for the perfect crystal.
Maximum likelihood multipath channel parameter estimation in CDMA systems using antenna arrays

The problem addressed in this paper is the estimation of the channel parameters in a code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system, in the presence of multipath effects and multiple sensors at the base station receiver. The algorithm presented solves the problem by estimating a composite channel impulse response of each user, which can be directly used in the detection process to appropriately modify the spreading code of the user. In addition, the algorithm combines the benefit of spatial processing in the form of an antenna array at the receiver to gain an increase in performance of the system.
Observation of Crack Propagation in Glass Using X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging

High-speed X-ray phase contrast imaging synchronized with a Kolsky bar apparatus was utilized to investigate the cracking behavior of a borosilicate glass, a soda lime glass, and a glass ceramic in front of a cylindrical projectile with an impact velocity of 5 ms−1. For each material, three different surface conditions were prepared for the impacted edge of the specimen. Angular cracking was observed in front of the projectile for borosilicate glass. For soda lime glass, straight cracking was observed. For glass ceramic, curved cracking was observed in front of the projectile. Cracking behavior was observed to be independent of the surface condition on the impacted edge.
EMD-based 60-Hz noise filtering of the ECG

This study used empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for filtering power line noise in electrocardiogram signals. When the signal-to-noise (SNR) is low, the power line noise is separated out as the first intrinsic mode function (IMF), but when the SNR is high, a part of the signal along with the noise is decomposed as the first IMF. To overcome this problem, we add a pseudo noise at a frequency higher than the highest frequency of the signal to filter out just the power line noise in the first IMF. The results are compared with traditional IIR-based bandstop filtering. This technique is also implemented for filtering power line noise during enhancement of stress ECG signals.
Which Way Forward? People, Forests, and Policy making in Indonesia

Which Way Forward? People, Forests, and Policy making in Indonesia Carol J. Pierce Colfer and Ida Aju Pradnja Resosudarmo. eds. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future Press, 2002.
Characterization of a helix‐loop‐helix (EF hand) motif of silver hake parvalbumin isoform B

Parvalbumins are a class of calcium-binding proteins characterized by the presence of several helix-loop-helix (EF-hand) motifs. It is suspected that these proteins evolved via intragene duplication from a single EF-hand. Silver hake parvalbumin (SHPV) consists of three EF-type helix-loop-helix regions, two of which have the ability to bind calcium. The three helix-loop-helix motifs are designated AB, CD, and EF, respectively. In this study, native silver hake parvalbumin isoform B (SHPV-B) has been sequenced by mass spectrometry. The sequence indicates that this parvalbumin is a beta-lineage parvalbumin. SHPV-B was cleaved into two major fragments, consisting of the ABCD and EF regions of the native protein. The 33-amino acid EF fragment (residues 76-108), containing one of the calcium ion binding sites in native SHPV-B, has been isolated and studied for its structural characteristics, ability to bind divalent and trivalent cations, and for its propensity to undergo metal ion-induced self-association. The presence of Ca2+ does not induce significant secondary structure in the EF fragment. However, NMR and CD results indicate significant secondary structure promotion in the EF fragment in the presence of the higher charge-density trivalent cations. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis results show that the EF fragment exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium when complexed with La3+.
Tribbles Homolog 3 Promotes Foam Cell Formation Associated with Decreased Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages: Evidence for Reciprocal Regulation of Cholesterol Uptake and Inflammation

Abstract Background: Insulin resistance is central in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disease; however, common mechanisms that explain the parallel development of both type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis have not been elucidated. We have previously shown that tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) can exert a chronic pathophysiological role in promoting insulin resistance and also has an acute physiological role to alternatively regulate glucose uptake in fat and muscle during short-term fasting and nutrient excess. Since TRB3 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques, we explored its role in foam cell formation to assess its potential contribution to atherogenesis. Methods: We have used human THP-1 monocytes, which transition to lipid-laden macrophage foam cells when exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Results: We first observed that TRB3 was upregulated by more than twofold (P < 0.01) within 24 hr of treatment with ox-LDL. To determine whether TRB3 actively participated in foam cell form...
Low threshold current 1.3 [micro sign]m InAsP/InGaAsP lasers grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy

InAsP/InGaAsP highly strained MQW lasers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy with low threshold currents are reported. Threshold currents as low as 1.1 mA at 20°C and 6.1 mA at 100°C were measured. Lasers with antireflection/high reflection coated facets exhibited slope efficiencies as high as 0.48 mW/mA and output powers of 65 mW at 20°C.
Metabolism of cyclic ADP-ribose in opossum kidney renal epithelial cells

We have previously shown that NAD+ inhibits renal Na(+)-Pi symport; however, the biochemical mechanism of NAD+ in this action is not clarified. We now propose that NAD+ acts indirectly by first bei...
Probing Lyα absorbers with double lines of sight

Study of Lyα absorption lines in the spectra of double line-of-sight (DLOS) quasars holds the promise of diagnosing the nature of the structures that give rise to Lyα absorption. Based on simulations of DLOS with various separations through a single population of absorbers, four tests have been designed to diagnose absorber mass distributions (smoothly varying with radius or irregular), geometries (spherical or disk/slab-like), and kinematics (isotropic or systematic velocities). Applying the tests to existing data at z ~ 2 we find the following. (1) The observed neutral hydrogen column density (NH) distributions of Lyα lines coincident to both LOSs are consistent with a smooth mass distribution. (2) Observed large anticoincident NH values are not consistent with a single population of smooth spherical absorbers, which should exhibit sharp cutoffs at small NH in the NH distribution. (3) There is marginal evidence that the observed rms value of velocity differences between coincident lines increases with DLOS separation, as is expected for disk/slab-like absorbers that have systematic velocity fields. (4) The observed velocity dispersion along a single LOS is small compared to the rms difference between widely separated LOS, which is not consistent with models of cloudlets moving isotropically within a spherical structure. Overall, only a smooth disk/slab-like model with systematic velocities remains consistent with the inferred properties of a single population of Lyα absorbers.
Conversion of Dibenzyl Disulfide to Hippuric Acid in the Rat

SummaryDibenzyl disulfide was fed to rats and hippuric acid was isolated from the urine and identified by analysis. The results support the suggestion that benzyl mercaptan or dibenzyl disulfide may be formed in vivo from S-benzyl-d-cysteine via S-benzyl-thiopyruvic acid. Certain phases of the metabolic transformation of sulfhydryl and cysteine derivatives of certain carcinogenic compounds are discussed.The author wishes to express his thanks to Mr. J. Alicino for the microanalytical work.
Volatile and thermally stable mid to late transition metal complexes containing α-imino alkoxide ligands, a new strongly reducing coreagent, and thermal atomic layer deposition of Ni, Co, Fe, and Cr metal films.

Treatment of MCl2 (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr) with 2 equiv of α-imino alkoxide salts K(RR′COCNtBu) (R = Me, tBu; R′ = iPr, tBu) afforded M(RR′COCNtBu)2 or [Mn(RR′COCNtBu)2]2 in 9–75% yields. These complexes combine volatility and high thermal stability and have useful atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursor properties. Solution reactions between Ni, Co, and Mn complexes showed that BH3(NHMe2) can reduce all to metal powders. ALD growth of Ni, Co, Fe, and Cr films is demonstrated. Mn film growth may be possible, but the films oxidize completely upon exposure to air.
Progress in alkylation catalysts for FCC gasoline desulfurization

The recent progresses in alkylation catalysts for FCC gasoline desulfurization are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts are analyzed. The ionic liquid and heteropolyacid as alkylation catalysts for FCC gasoline desulfurization are focused on. Due to their high catalytic activity and environment-friendly feature,the ionic liquid and heteropolyacid are very promising in FCC gasoline desulfurization. The development trends are also prospected.
Follow-up of Nosocomial Infections on Nursing Units: An Approach to Infection Control

The infection control department at Niagara Falls Memorial Medical Center in Niagara Falls, New York, has developed an innovative approach to decreasing nosocomial infections. By following up on the infections that occur on nursing units, nurses actively work to prevent their occurrence. The approach utilizes nursing accountability, continuing staff education, and documentation, with positive results.
Organization and Fine Structure of the Side Body and Its Lipid Sac in the Zoospore of Blastocladiella Emersonii

Analyses of serial sections have shown that the “lipid sac” in the zoospore of Blastocladiella emersonii is made up of three detectable components. One is an irregularly edged, spoon bowl-shaped cu...
Engaging Students in a Mock Town Hall Discussion: Case Study of the Big Thorne Timber Sale

After nearly two decades of little to no logging activity on Prince of Wales Island (POW), Alaska, part of the Tongass National Forest, the USDA-Forest Service proposed a new plan to harvest approximately 2500 ha (6000 acres) of old-growth forest. The island has experienced over 60 years of harvest that has significantly affected various natural resources. In natural resource management and planning, addressing the needs of multiple stakeholders is often the greatest challenge for development of a management plan. On POW, stakeholders include those benefiting from timber harvest and the logging industry, non-consumptive users including tourists, fishing and hunting enthusiasts, and local residents. This case simulates a real-life town hall meeting designed to inform managers of the concerns of various stakeholders before choosing between several alternative plans. Students representing the different stakeholder groups collect supporting information related to the Big Thorne Timber Sale, and then present their case in a simulated public meeting and debate the pros and cons of the proposed harvest. The objective of this case, designed for a lower-level course, is to expose students to the complexities of natural resource management when addressing the concerns of multiple stakeholders. It also provides students with an opportunity to debate a natural resource topic based on their investigation as well as engage in public speaking.
Deferiprone for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in thalassemia.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Transfusional iron overload can lead to hepatic fibrosis, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure and a number of endocrinopathies. Deferiprone is an oral iron chelator approved for use in the United States as a second line agent for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in patients with thalassemia.Areas covered: This article will review the data regarding the efficacy of deferiprone for iron chelation and prevention and reversal of iron related complications, the drug’s adverse effect profile, and the use of this drug in combination regimens.Expert commentary: Extensive data support that deferiprone is particularly efficacious at cardiac iron removal and therefore, a chelator regimen that contains deferiprone is generally recommended when there is significant cardiac iron loading and/or in the setting of iron-related cardiac disease. The most concerning side effects of deferiprone are agranulocytosis and milder forms of neutropenia, which require appropriate monitoring and ...
Optimization of Protein Immobilization in Microfludic Devices for Circulating Tumor Cell Capture

The isolation of metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within the blood using microfluidic devices is a promising method for the detection of cancer. In this study, protein patterning of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) and anti-epitheal-cell-adhesion-molecule (Anti-EpCAM) within microfluidic channels is utilized to improve the capture efficiency. To create this protein patterning the protein immobilization method must first be optimized to allow for maximum capture of CTCs and minimal increase in the flow rate of cells through the device due to added coating thickness. Proteins are immobilized in alternating regions using photo-initiated graft polymerization of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and a silanization reaction. Using interferometer measurements and fluorescent tagging, PAA height was minimized and protein immobilization was optimized.
Scaling Mobile Network Capacity Aggressively with QuickC

The global demand for mobile data is proliferating. In the last five years, the volume of data carried by mobile networks around the world has increased eighteen-fold, from 0.4 exabytes/month in 2011 to 7.2 exabytes/month in 2016 [1]. With mobile video and apps increasing in popularity, richer forms of content like augmented and virtual reality taking the world by storm, and mobile Internet of Things devices like smart wearables and connected cars set to pervade our daily lives, this proliferation in demand is projected to continue at least through the next decade if not beyond. How will mobile access networks scale their capacity to meet this proliferating demand.
Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction in Women Older than 65 Years: A Retrospective Analysis of Complication Rate and Overall Outcomes

Background:Half of all cancers occur in women older than 65 years, yet only 4 to 14 percent of these women undergo reconstruction. Most studies on reconstruction in the elderly have focused on tissue expander/implant or autologous reconstruction. A direct-to-implant approach theoretically reduces th
Roles and Functions of Community Health Workers in Primary Care

Community health workers have potential to enhance primary care access and quality, but remain underutilized. To provide guidance on their integration, we characterized roles and functions of community health workers in primary care through a literature review and synthesis. Analysis of 30 studies identified 12 functions (ie, care coordination, health coaching, social support, health assessment, resource linking, case management, medication management, remote care, follow-up, administration, health education, and literacy support) and 3 prominent roles representing clusters of functions: clinical services, community resource connections, and health education and coaching. We discuss implications for community health worker training and clinical support in primary care.
Bimetallic Hydroformylation Catalysis

Bimetallic transition metal complexes based on a new binucleating tetratertiary-phosphine ligand system (Et2PCH2CH2)(Ph)PCH2P(Ph)(CH2CH2PEt2), eLTTP, have been prepared and characterized. The Rh(I) bimetallic complexes meso- and racemic-Rh2Cl2(CO)2(eLTTP) have been synthesized and characterized and the racemic structure characterized. The hydroformylation activity of the norbornadiene derivative, Rh2(norb)2(CO)2(eLTTP)2+(norb = norbornadiene), with respect to simple 1-alkenes and functionalized alkenes such as vinyl acetate are reported. The Rh2(eLTTP) catalyst system is unusual for several reasons: 1) excess phosphine ligand is not required to maintain catalyst stability; 2) unusually high normal/branched product aldehyde ratios are seen in the hydroformylation of 1-alkenes (18:1 normal to branched, at 120 psi and 80°C); 3) the hydroformylation catalysis is markedly faster than that seen for monometallic model system Rh(norb)(depe)+ (depe = Et2PCH2CH2PEt2) and 4) the vinyl acetate hydroformylation reaction does not sufrer from the extensive product, reactant and catalyst decomposition reactions typically seen for Rh(I)/PR3 catalyzed systems. The enhanced rate for the bimetallic verses monometallic system is believed to be due to bimetallic cooperativity in the form of intramolecular hydride transfer and elimination of the product aldehyde.
An Elastic-Plastic Finite-Element Analysis of the J -Resistance Curve Using a CTOD Criterion

The fracture process in compact and bend specimens was simulated using a two-dimensional finite-element analysis of the J-resistance (J-R) curve and a CTOD criterion. The J-R curves were calculated from the numerical results for each specimen type using several different methods. In general, the J-R curves obtained for the bend specimens were found to be higher than those for the compact specimens, especially beyond maximum load. However, below the maximum load, the modified deformation theory of plasticity and the contour-integral J(r) method resulted in very similar J-R curves for both specimen types.
Reflections on 'Looking Back on Planned Parenthood v. Casey'

This paper is a comment on a recent article about abortion by Professor Christina Whitman. Her article is, by law review standards, rather short and perhaps not that significant and perhaps not worth the effort to criticize. Yet, I think it is important to do so. Professor Whitman is a prominent law professor who holds a distinguished chair at the University of Michigan Law School, one of the nation’s best law schools. Her article was published in a special issue of the Michigan Law Review that marked the centennial of that publication. Moreover, her article calls for a type of scholarship that will make the law “honest and responsive” and that will promote “more credible and stable legal doctrine.” Her article is, in my estimation, almost a complete failure in nearly every respect and if scholarship is to accomplish the ends that she proposes, it is important that these failures be explored.
Diffuse lamellar keratitis complicating laser in situ keratomileusis: Post-marketing surveillance of an emerging disease in British Columbia, Canada, 2000–2002

Purpose To describe a surveillance system and summarize data between January 2000 and December 2002 regarding diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK), a complication of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Setting Community-based clinics in British Columbia, Canada, in which LASIK surgery is performed. Methods Monthly, all clinics in which LASIK is performed reported the number of LASIK procedures and nonnominal cases of DLK (by grade and onset date) to the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. Diffuse lamellar keratitis outbreaks were investigated, and prevention and control measures were recommended. Results From 2000 to 2002, approximately 72 000 LASIK procedures were performed, with a mean DLK incidence rate of 0.67% (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.73). The overall proportion of DLK cases attributed to outbreaks was 64%, decreasing from 72% in 2000 to 40% in 2003. Conclusions An effective DLK surveillance program was implemented at all laser refractive clinics in British Columbia. Reported DLK incidence was 0.67 cases per 100 procedures, with 64% occurring in outbreaks.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: pathogenesis and mechanisms

This chapter provides an overview of animal model-based studies that have generated information critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced birth defects, in particular those involving the brain. Focus is placed on the developing organism itself, rather than the mother, placenta, or other extraembryonic tissues. Components of the cascades of alcohol-induced damage that are considered herein are excessive cell death, changes in the cell cycle and proliferation, cell migration, cell morphogenesis, and gene expression as well as free radical damage and interference with cell signaling. The roles played by one or more of these various factors in the genesis of structural and functional birth defects are dependent upon alcohol exposure patterns and dosage, the involved tissue, and the prenatal stage(s) at the time of exposure. Technologic advances and rapidly increasing knowledge in the fields of genetics, cell, developmental, and neurobiology are critical to accurately piecing together experimental evidence in refining our understanding of the genesis of alcohol-induced birth defects, to the planning and execution of future studies, and to applying the knowledge gained to diminish the severity or occurrence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
The different relationships between engagement and outcomes across participant subgroups in Massive Open Online Courses

Abstract Previous research has found that early engagement in MOOCs (e.g., watching lectures, contributing to discussion forums, and submitting assignments) can be used to predict course completion and course grade, which may help instructors and administrators to identify at-risk participants and to target interventions. However, most of these analyses have only focused on the average relationships between engagement and achievement, which may mask important heterogeneity among participant subgroups in MOOCs. This study examines how the relationship between engagement and achievement may vary across the four common behaviorally identified participant subgroups (“disengagers,” “auditors,” “quiz-takers,” and “all-rounders”) in three MOOC courses offered on the Coursera platform. For each of these subgroups, we used measures of behavioral and cognitive engagement from the first half of the ten-week courses to predict two outcomes: course grade and overall lecture coverage. Results indicate that the same engagement measure may be oppositely associated with achievement for different subgroups and that some engagement measures predict achievement for one subgroup but not another. These findings provide insight into both the benefits and the complexity of studying patterns of engagement from behavioral data and provide suggestions on the improvement of identification of at-risk participants in MOOCs.
Remuneration in small and middle-sized enterprises with project management

Abstract Currently, it is of no importance if the enterprise is large or small, they both have to struggle for the same – the have happy and motivated workers who work in an efficient way. Every enterprise wants to employ such workers, who share the same aims as the organization. It is possible to achieve such goal by the enterprise if it sets up a system for the remuneration of employees according to the requirements of the present time and according to its employees. Reward is one of the important elements to motivate employees for contributing their best effort to generate innovation ideas that lead to better business functionality and further improve company performance both financial and non-financially. Besides employee remuneration, it is necessary for the managers to use modern tools of project managers as the classic approach to management processes based on regulation of current deviations in not sufficient in current time of turbulent changes. The approach has been developed in many areas of life and project attitude to dealing with problems is more desired in enterprises. The paper deals with an analysis of remuneration in small and middle-sized enterprises with project management in the Czech Republic. In addition to the definitions of the most important terms, the hypothesis is tested in the paper, revealing that the managers of organizations with project management assess the system of remuneration (motivation) better compared to those who do not use project. The data were obtained through personal survey with 358 SME managers.
Evaluation of an Explicit Instructional Approach to Teach Grammatical Forms to Children With Low-Symptom Severity Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose Weaknesses in the use of grammatical forms may reduce the functional use of language for verbally expressive children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and exacerbate difficulties with ac...
Coping strategies in the face of domestic violence in India

Abstract The current study draws coping strategies from in-depth interviews conducted with a convenience sample of 21 low-income abused women in Mumbai, India. Data were analyzed and synthesized using a thematic analysis procedure. The qualitative analysis utilizes problem-focused and emotion-focused coping framework to report the findings. Problem-focused coping strategies of abused women from India include (a) joint meeting (b) back and forth between marital and natal home. Emotion-focused strategies include (c) spirituality/religion (d) hope, keep quiet, cry a lot and keeping busy. Implications for practice and future research in India with abused women are discussed.
Regulating Green Marketing Claims in the United States

This chapter examines the regulation of green marketing in the United States. Environment-friendly marketing (eco-labeling) has emerged as an important approach to selling products and services to consumers in the global marketplace. Various claims, marks, labels, symbols and logos are being used to appeal to consumers who are increasingly concerned about the environmental effects of their consumption. Touting a firm’s “green credentials” can improve a seller’s image in the public eye and potentially increase sales. Surveys show that a large proportion of consumers, at least those in more advanced economies, are willing to pay more for green or environment-friendly products and services. Studies have also shown that green customers tend to be more affluent, better educated and more loyal to brands that they purchase. On the business side, there is evidence that environment-friendly businesses enjoy positive public reputations, generally supportive government policies and potential for higher sales revenues. The problem is that green marketing can be overstated, confusing, misleading or outright false advertising. “Greenwashing” occurs when a business promotes its eco-friendly attributes in a false or misleading way. When that happens, consumers may end up paying more for products and services without supporting a positive environmental impact. The result is a loss of consumer welfare, little or no environmental benefit, and no social benefit except increased corporate profits.
The gap between theory and practice: using cultural brokering to serve culturally diverse families of children with disabilities

AbstractCultural brokering is one promising approach to support culturally diverse families and their children with disabilities who have divergent identities and needs. This qualitative case study...
The magnitude and potential impact of missing data in a sexual violence campus climate survey.

Objective: Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey. Participants: Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university,...
6 – Health and Wellness

People with serious mental illness tend to have poor overall health due to medication side effects, lifestyle issues, and poverty, often dying 20 to 25 years earlier than others their age. This chapter introduces you to the areas of health promotion and wellness, how they are consistent with the principles of psychiatric rehabilitation (PsyR), and to an evolving set of services and practices to foster better overall health. This chapter begins with the story of Ted, a man in his forties who is successfully coping with a severe mental illness, but succumbs to other health problems and dies prematurely. After reading about Ted, you will learn that his tragic story is not unusual. People with serious mental illness tend to have poor overall health due to medication side effects, lifestyle issues, and poverty, often dying 20 to 25 years earlier than others their age. This chapter introduces you to the areas of health promotion and wellness, how they are consistent with the principles of psychiatric rehabilitation (PsyR), and to an evolving set of services and practices to foster better overall health. This chapter will provide answers to the following questions: 1. What are the most common, non-psychiatric health problems faced by persons with serious mental illness? 2. What are the factors that contribute to these health concerns? 3. Which concerns are unique to persons with serious mental illness? Which are shared with the general population? 4. What strategies are being used to help people recover from these health conditions? 5. How can the principles of psychiatric rehabilitation be applied in this context? 6. What more can be done to help individuals with serious mental illness maintain or regain their physical health?
Hemoglobin A1c and Early Gestational Diabetes.

Background: Screening for diabetes in early pregnancy is recommended for high-risk women, however, the optimal test for the diagnosis of early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a diagnostic test for early GDM compared with two-step testing. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort of women with prior GDM or obesity who had HbA1c and two-step testing 200 mg/dL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) evaluated HbA1c for diagnosis of early GDM. Results: Of 243 women, 14 (5.8%) had early GDM by two-step testing. Median HbA1c levels were higher among women with GDM versus those without GDM (5.8% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001). The AUC for HbA1c compared with two-step testing was 0.80 (95% CI 0.69-0.91). The optimal HbA1c threshold was 5.6% (64% sensitivity, 84% specificity). Conclusions: HbA1c is moderately predictive of early GDM compared with two-step testing, and a threshold lower than that used for diabetes diagnosis among nonpregnant adults is justified.
Teaching families to manage intake of candy in the home: Results from a feasibility study using multiphase optimization strategy (MOST)

Background Excess intake of desserts/sweets high in added sugars, such as candy, is linked with greater obesity risk. Parents often limit their childrens' intake of these sweet foods using controlling feeding practices, such as restriction; yet, restrictive feeding practices are counterproductive for childrens' self-regulation of energy intake. Objective This study developed a family-based behavioural intervention that taught parents alternatives to restrictive feeding practices and encouraged children to consume candy in moderation. Methods Using the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), parent-child dyads (N = 37) were randomized into one of eight conditions that included a combination of intervention components delivered over 4 weeks: home supply, parent shared decision making, child mindfulness and child attention control strategies. Results Retention rate at follow-up was high (95%). Among parents who received parent shared decision making, 86.4% reported the structured-based candy routine they set with their child was easy to follow. Most children reported child mindfulness (95%) and attention control (89.5%) strategies were easy to play. Children recalled 4.1 ± 1.8 of the six mindfulness strategies and 2.7 ± 1.6 of the five attention control strategies at follow-up. Eating in the absence of hunger tended to be lower for children who received parent shared decision making and child mindfulness components. Conclusion This intervention was feasible and well-implemented in the home environment. Findings will inform future, larger interventions designed to test similar strategies on childrens; eating behaviours and self-regulation.
ST Elevations in the Era of COVID-19

Myocardial injury, represented by elevated cardiac enzymes, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unique challenges in approaching patients with acute ST-segment changes. We describe two distinct cases of ST elevation on electrocardiogram occurring in patients with COVID-19 and review important diagnostic and management considerations for the front-line clinician.
Evaluating Charge Carrier Lifetime of Laser Hyperdoped Germanium using Terahertz Spectroscopy

Gold-hyperdoped germanium extends photodetection into the infrared wavelengths. Pulsed-laser processing makes single crystal material with ultrahigh dopant concentrations. The laser parameters influence the dopant's atomic position which leads to different light absorption and carrier transport properties.
Isoform-specific regulation of rhythmic gene expression by alternative polyadenylation

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) generates transcript isoforms with different 3′ ends. Differences in polyadenylation sites usage, which have been associated with diseases like cancer, regulate mRNA stability, subcellular localization, and translation. By characterizing APA across the 24-hour day in mouse liver, here we show that rhythmic gene expression occurs largely in an APA isoform-specific manner, and that hundreds of arrhythmically expressed genes surprisingly exhibit a rhythmic APA isoform. The underlying mechanisms comprise isoform-specific post-transcriptional regulation, transcription factor driven expression of specific isoform, co-transcriptional recruitment of RNA binding proteins that regulate mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation, and, to a lesser extent, cell subtype-specific expression. Remarkably, rhythmic expression of specific APA isoforms generates 24-hour rhythms in 3′ UTR length, with shorter UTRs in anticipation of the mouse active phase. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that cycling transcriptomes are regulated by APA, and suggest that APA strongly impacts the rhythmic regulation of biological functions.
Diabetes mellitus effect on rates of perioperative complications after operative treatment of distal radius fractures

This study focuses on distal radius fractures that require surgical treatment. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of bone fracture despite normal areal bone mineral density. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of DM on perioperative complications for patients undergoing operative treatment of distal radius fracture. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected through the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. All patients who underwent operative treatments for distal radius fractures from 2007 through 2018 were identified. Data collected include demographic information, comorbidities, and complications occurring within 30 days of initial surgical intervention. The incidence of adverse events following surgery was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses where appropriate. Patients with DM were found to have a low rate of complications postsurgical repair of distal radius fractures. Preoperative comorbidity analysis showed that the diabetic group had significantly higher rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure, steroid use, bleeding disorders, dyspnea, and poorer functional status. Diabetes was found to be an independent predictor for unplanned intubation, sepsis, and septic shock. Diabetes was not found to be an independent predictor of other postoperative complications. Complications after surgical repair of distal radius fracture are low except when it comes to reintubation, sepsis, and septic shock. While the risks of independent complications remain relatively low, diabetes remains an important factor to consider when selecting surgical candidates and to ensure appropriate pre-operative risk assessment.
Comparison of Past Year Substance Use Estimates by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity Between Two Representative Samples of the U.S. Adult Population

Comparative evaluations of national survey data can improve future survey design and sampling strategies thereby enhancing our ability to detect important population level trends. This paper presents differences in past year estimates of alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and non-medical painkiller use prevalence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity between the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III) administered in 2012–2013. In general, estimates were higher for the NSDUH survey, but patterns of substance use prevalence were similar across race/ethnicity, age, and sex. Results show most significant differences in estimates, across substances, age groups, and sex were greatest among Hispanics, followed by non-Hispanic Whites, and non-Hispanic Blacks. Members of other racial/ethnic groups (e.g., Asian-American, Native American/Alaskan Native) were underrepresented in the NSDUH survey. In many cases, estimates for these subpopulations could not be calculated using the NSDUH data limiting our ability to draw comparisons with the NESARC estimates. Methodological differences in data collection for the NSDUH and NESARC surveys may have contributed to these findings. To promote effective population health surveillance methods, more work is needed to derive reliable and valid estimates from demographic subpopulations to better improve policymaking and intervention programming for at-risk populations.
Transcriptional landscape of human microglia reveals robust gene expression signatures that implicates age, sex and APOE-related immunometabolic pathway perturbations

Abstract Microglia have fundamental roles in health and disease, however effects of age, sex and genetic factors on human microglia have not been fully explored. We applied bulk and single cell approaches to comprehensively characterize human microglia transcriptomes and their associations with age, sex and APOE. We identified a novel microglial signature, characterized its expression in bulk data from 1,306 brain samples across 6 regions and in single cell microglia transcriptome. We discovered microglial co-expression network modules associated with age, sex and APOE-e4 that are enriched for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes. Integrated analyses of modules with single cell transcriptomes revealed significant overlap between age-associated module genes and both pro-inflammatory and disease-associated microglial clusters. These modules and clusters harbor known neurodegenerative disease genes including APOE, PLCG2 and BIN1. These data represent a well-characterized human microglial transcriptome resource; and highlight age, sex and APOE-related microglial immunometabolism perturbations with potential relevance in neurodegeneration.
Understanding Reaction Networks through Controlled Approach to Equilibrium Experiments Using Transient Methods.

We report a combined experimental/theoretical approach to studying heterogeneous gas/solid catalytic processes using low-pressure pulse response experiments achieving a controlled approach to equilibrium that combined with quantum mechanics (QM)-based computational analysis provides information needed to reconstruct the role of the different surface reaction steps. We demonstrate this approach using model catalysts for ammonia synthesis/decomposition. Polycrystalline iron and cobalt are studied via low-pressure TAP (temporal analysis of products) pulse response, with the results interpreted through reaction free energies calculated using QM on Fe-BCC(110), Fe-BCC(111), and Co-FCC(111) facets. In TAP experiments, simultaneous pulsing of ammonia and deuterium creates a condition where the participation of reactants and products can be distinguished in both forward and reverse reaction steps. This establishes a balance between competitive reactions for D* surface species that is used to observe the influence of steps leading to nitrogen formation as the nitrogen product remains far from equilibrium. The approach to equilibrium is further controlled by introducing delay timing between NH3 and D2 which allows time for surface reactions to evolve before being driven in the reverse direction from the gas phase. The resulting isotopic product distributions for NH2D, NHD2, and HD at different temperatures and delay times and NH3/D2 pulsing order reveal the role of the N2 formation barrier in controlling the surface concentration of NHx* species, as well as providing information on the surface lifetimes of key reaction intermediates. Conclusions derived for monometallic materials are used to interpret experimental results on a more complex and active CoFe bimetallic catalyst.
Survey on statistical inferences in weakly-identified instrumental variable models

This paper provides a brief review of the current state of knowledge on the topic of weakly-identified instrumental variable regression. We describe the essence of the problem of weak identification, possible methods for detecting it in applied work as well as methods robust to weak identification. Special attention is devoted to the question of hypothesis testing in the presence of weak identification.
Thermal Loading of Thin-Shell Concrete Cooling Towers

The behavior of reinforced concrete cooling shells is investigated under the effect of axisymmetric operating thermal loads and nonaxisymmetric solar thermal loads. Analytical and finite element techniques are applied, and stress and displacement results are compared to field measurements on the 420-ft high Martins Creek cooling tower. High flexural stresses due to operating thermal gradients are found to be relieved by meridional cracking of the shell, and the effect of this cracking is examined in relation to cooling-tower design.
Psychographics: Static or Dynamic?

Plog has suggested that psychographics are determinants of travel patterns and preferences. However, given that satisfaction is an important factor determining revisit intention, this study questioned Plog's static model of psychographics. We proposed that allocentrics could have high revisit intentions if they are satisfied. Thus, this study attempted to verify whether Plog's psychographics are static or dynamic. Revisit intentions were compared among psychographics at different satisfaction levels, and the results showed that the revisit intention of allocentrics did not differ from psychocentrics when satisfied. The results provide evidence that psychographic segmentation may not be static, especially when satisfaction is considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset (ASTER GED): Mapping Earth's emissivity at 100 meter spatial scale

Thermal infrared (TIR) data, acquired by instruments on several NASA satellite platforms, are primarily used to estimate the surface temperature/emissivity of the Earth's land surface. One such instrument launched on NASA's Terra satellite in 1999 is the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), which has a spatial resolution of 90 m. Using ASTER data, NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory recently released the most detailed emissivity map of the Earth termed the ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset (ASTER GED) that was acquired by processing millions of cloud free ASTER scenes from 2000 to 2008. The ASTER GEDv3 provides an average emissivity at ~100 m and ~1 km, while GEDv4 provides a monthly emissivity from 2000 to 2015 at ~5 km spatial resolution in the wavelength range between 8 and 12 µm. Validation with lab spectra from four desert sites resulted in an average absolute band error of ~1%, compared to current heritage MODIS products that had average absolute errors of 2.4% (Collection 4) and 4.6% (Collection 5).
Late presenting, contained rupture of the superficial femoral artery following atherectomy and stenting: Case report and literature review

Excisional atherectomy alone or followed by stenting is considered an appropriate treatment strategy for patients with lifestyle-limiting claudication due to obstructive infra-inguinal peripheral arterial disease (Ramaiah et al., J Endovasc Ther 2006;13:592–6021). We present a case of a 69-year-old man with eccentric severely calcified disease of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) treated with excisional atherectomy followed by stenting with an interwoven nitinol stent. The procedure was complicated by extravascular stent migration associated with a contained rupture presenting 30 days after the intervention. The complication was successfully treated with a stent graft. Although rare, pseudoaneurysms have been reported at the site of prior atherectomy; however, this case is the first description of a contained rupture post atherectomy associated with erosion of a nitinol stent into an extra-luminal position. The mechanism and management of this complication are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.