cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Architecture: The Confluence of Art, Technology, Politic, and Nature

This chapter discusses the most pervasive art form. We live our lives and locate the arts in and around buildings. Architecture bridges the gap between the useful and the beautiful. Different styles and functions have been made possible by advances in technology. The medieval cathedral presents itself as a Gesamtkunst filled with meaning and is compared with the modern skyscraper; still, the relation to the earth is underscored by the treatment of the lower stories.
Robust trajectory-based density estimation for geometric structure recovery

We propose a method to both quickly and robustly extract geometric information from trajectory data. While point density may be of interest in some applications, trajectories provide different guarantees about our data such as path densities as opposed to location densities provided by points. We aim to utilize the concise nature of quadtrees in two dimensions to reduce run time complexity of counting trajectories in a neighborhood. We compare the accuracy of our methodology to a common current practice for subsampling a structure. Our results show that the proposed method is able to capture the geometric structure. We find an improvement in performance over the current practice in that our method is able to extract only the salient data and ignore trajectory outliers.
Seeing Myself Through Film: Diasporic Belongings and Racial Identifications:

Through critical autoethnography, I explore memories with film that I have drawn upon to form hybrid diasporic identifications located in “new ethnicities” that are situated between dominant White ...
Discovery and Commercialization of Noryl R Resins

The oxidation of 2,6-dimethylphenol in solution, at room temperature, with oxygen in the presence of an amine complex of a copper salt as catalyst yields a high molecular weight linear polyphenylene oxide as product.
Abolishment of Spontaneous Flight Turns in Visually Responsive Drosophila.

Summary Animals react rapidly to external stimuli, such as an approaching predator, but in other circumstances, they seem to act spontaneously, without any obvious external trigger. How do the neural processes mediating the execution of reflexive and spontaneous actions differ? We studied this question in tethered, flying Drosophila . We found that silencing a large but genetically defined set of non-motor neurons virtually eliminates spontaneous flight turns while preserving the tethered flies' ability to perform two types of visually evoked turns, demonstrating that, at least in flies, these two modes of action are almost completely dissociable.
Intermediate Host Behavior

Animals that have parasites rarely behave like conspecifics that do not have those parasites; altered behaviors span the range of possibilities from changed phototaxis, appearance, and activity levels to habitat and dietary preference switching. This phenomenon is especially intriguing in the case of intermediate hosts, which must be eaten if the parasites that they contain are to be transmitted to the next (final) host. For decades, we have known that such hosts often behave in ways that increase their risk of predation, although the difficulty inherent in predation studies makes transmission less amenable to investigation in some systems. More detailed research has shown that altered behaviors may be coincident with the onset of parasite infectivity and may be expressed at times that are more likely to result in predation. The latter is one of several ways in which some parasites seem to ‘target’ their predator-hosts. In order to better understand how behavior affects host–parasite associations and who benefits, we need to understand questions about variation among hosts and parasites, how behavior might be advantageous or costly to either/both participants, and how life cycles really function in nature. Ultimately, these changes will have community- and ecosystem-level effects.
Therapeutic mechanisms of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for internet gaming disorder: Reducing craving and addictive behavior by targeting cognitive processes

Background: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is characterized by signs and symptoms similar to substance use and gambling disorders, and associated with psychosocial impairments. Research suggests th...
Multipliers for Topological Linear Spaces of Functions and Measures

We now wish to shift our attention away from the study of multipliers for Banach algebras and begin a discussion of multipliers for topological linear spaces. In this chapter we shall study a variety of topological linear spaces of functions and measures for which a characterization of the multipliers is relatively accessible. In addition to its intrinsic interest we hope that this material will illustrate some of the differences between the study of multipliers for commutative Banach algebras and for topological linear spaces. A general treatment of the important topic of multipliers for the L p -spaces will be delayed until a subsequent chapter.
SYNTHESIS AND CONSOLIDATION OF ZnS/GaP POWDERS

The zinc sulfide/gallium phosphide system was chosen as a model for studying nano composite synthesis and processing. ZnS/GaP composite powders were synthesized by impregnating nano porous zinc sulfide powders with an organometallic GaP precursor. Zinc sulfide was synthesized by homogeneous precipitation from aqueous solutions whereas gallium phosphide from organometallic routes. Nano-porous ZnS particles were impregnated with phosphinogallane liquid precursor followed by flash pyrolysis to precipitate GaP in the pore network. ZnS/GaP powders were characterized with respect to chemistry and structure. Compacts were hot isostatically pressed to dense parts. Compacts maintained nanocrystallinity even after HIPping at 900°C exhibiting crystallite size less than 85 nm. Nano composites exhibited hardness values that were double that of ZnS.
Eigenspectrum Shape Based Nyström Sampling

Spectral clustering has shown a superior performance in analyzing the cluster structure. However, its computational complexity limits its application in analyzing large-scale data. To address this problem, many low-rank matrix approximating algorithms are proposed, including the Nystrom method - an approach with proven approximate error bounds. There are several algorithms that provide recipes to construct Nystrom approximations with variable accuracies and computing times. This paper proposes a scalable Nystrom-based clustering algorithm with a new sampling procedure, Centroid Minimum Sum of Squared Similarities (CMS3), and a heuristic on when to use it. Our heuristic depends on the eigenspectrum shape of the dataset, and yields competitive low-rank approximations in test datasets compared to the other state-of-the-art methods.
Introduction to reflectance confocal microscopy and its use in clinical practice

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel technology that provides noninvasive, in vivo imaging of the skin at nearly histologic resolution. In 2016, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) established reimbursement codes for RCM image acquisition and for the reading and interpretation of images. The combination of RCM imaging with dermoscopy has improved the accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis while reducing the number of biopsies of benign skin lesions. With that, we are starting to see more dermatologists and dermatopathologists using RCM in clinical practice. This editorial is to serve as an introduction on RCM imaging with a focus on its usefulness in both the diagnosis and management of skin cancers. We end by briefly describing the characteristic RCM features of normal skin to serve as a building block for later cases that will explore both the benefits and drawbacks of incorporating RCM imaging for benign and malignant lesions.
Electronic and phononic properties of a two-dimensional electron gas coupled to dipolar phonons via small-momentum-transfer scattering

We study the electron and phonon spectral functions as well as superconductivity for a two-dimensional electron gas coupled to dipolar phonons via small-momentum-transfer scattering. The results reported here are obtained through sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo simulation. Hence, aside from modeling there are no further approximations. Our results can be relevant to the high-temperature superconductor at the interface between a unit-cell-thick FeSe and ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$. Our results give support to the interpretation that the observed replica band in unit-cell-thick FeSe on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ is due to the small-momentum transfer interaction between the FeSe electrons and a branch of polar STO phonons. Moreover, we conclude that while the small-momentum electron-phonon interaction can not induce strong Cooper pairing by itself, it can enhance the Cooper pairing triggered by other pairing interactions.
Development of best practice recommendations for the safe use of pulmonary hypertension pharmacotherapies using a modified Delphi method

Purpose The Delphi method was used to develop best practice recommendations (BPR) for safe use of pulmonary hypertension (PH) pharmacotherapies and to describe the pharmacist's role in provision of care. Methods A core group reviewed PH medication-safety literature and developed initial BPR. Pharmacists practicing at PH-accredited Centers of Comprehensive Care who met defined PH expert criteria were invited to participate on an expert panel. In round 1 of a 4-round Delphi process, expert input was provided on the BPR. Feedback was incorporated into BPR for the next round. Round 2 proceeded in identical fashion to round 1. In round 3, BPR were deliberated in a teleconference and underwent voting at the cessation of the round using a 5-point Likert scale. Median scores of 3.75 resulted in a best practice statement being rejected, reviewed in round 4, or accepted in the final BPR, respectively. In round 4, the remaining BPR were discussed and underwent voting. BPR were assigned a level of evidence and strength of recommendation based on voting results. Results Eleven PH experts agreed to participate and met expert inclusion criteria, along with 2 pharmacists from the core group, bringing the total number of expert panel members to 13. To guide safe use of PH pharmacotherapies, 26 BPR were developed, categorized into 5 practice domains, comprising the PH Care Center accreditation process, inpatient practice, formulary management, diagnostics, and ambulatory care. BPR included provisions for safe use of parenteral prostacyclin agents and healthcare practitioner education. Conclusion The Delphi method was used to develop BPR to guide safe use of PH pharmacotherapies.
Chapter 82 – Hypercalcemia Due to Vitamin D Toxicity

Although vitamin D toxicity is an uncommon cause of hypercalcemia, it becomes a consideration after exclusion of the more frequent causes such as primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. Vitamin D toxicity can be life-threatening and associated with substantial morbidity, if not promptly identified. It can be due to ingestion of excessive parent vitamin D, its metabolites, or analogues or due to endogenous production of active vitamin D in the setting of granulomatous disease or lymphoma. A more recently recognized cause of hypercalcemia is reduced catabolism of vitamin D due to inactivating mutations in the 24-hydroxylase gene. This chapter reviews the various forms of vitamin D toxicity, mechanisms of hypercalcemia due to vitamin D toxicity, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.
Cul4 ubiquitin ligase cofactor DCAF12 promotes neurotransmitter release and homeostatic plasticity

We genetically characterized the synaptic role of the Drosophila homologue of human DCAF12, a putative cofactor of Cullin4 (Cul4) ubiquitin ligase complexes. Deletion of Drosophila DCAF12 impairs larval locomotion and arrests development. At larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), DCAF12 is expressed presynaptically in synaptic boutons, axons, and nuclei of motor neurons. Postsynaptically, DCAF12 is expressed in muscle nuclei and facilitates Cul4-dependent ubiquitination. Genetic experiments identified several mechanistically independent functions of DCAF12 at larval NMJs. First, presynaptic DCAF12 promotes evoked neurotransmitter release. Second, postsynaptic DCAF12 negatively controls the synaptic levels of the glutamate receptor subunits GluRIIA, GluRIIC, and GluRIID. The down-regulation of synaptic GluRIIA subunits by nuclear DCAF12 requires Cul4. Third, presynaptic DCAF12 is required for the expression of synaptic homeostatic potentiation. We suggest that DCAF12 and Cul4 are critical for normal synaptic function and plasticity at larval NMJs.
RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF ISOZYMES, CONTROL GENES, AND CHROMOSOMES IN GRADE EVOLUTION

ABSTRACT . Some of the results of isozymic analysis of primates are not adequately explained by theories of cladogenetic evolution. A combination of the cladogenetic theories, with some modifications, and with incorporation of recent chromosome data led to the formulation of a theory of grade or anagenetic evolution. Control genes in the form of centromeric heterochromatin may have been agglutinating at the centromeres of certain chromosomes throughout primate evolution. Extrapolation of this theory may help to explain such results as progressive, directional changes in isozyme ratios and appearance of isozymes in one species which properly belong to other species that separate later from the primate line.
Isolated biopsy-proven recurrence of prostate carcinoma in the spermatic cord after radical prostatectomy detected with 11C-Choline PET/CT.

Abstract We report an unusual case of a solitary prostatic metastasis in the spermatic cord, following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection and salvage radiotherapy, detected with the use of 11C-Choline PET/CT, heralded by a progressive rise in PSA. This lesion was biopsy-proven and surgically resected through radical left-sided orchiectomy. Postoperatively his PSA was undetectable and remained undetectable with no evidence of recurrent disease.
Efficient pixel-by-pixel optimization of photonic devices utilizing the Dyson’s equation in a Green’s function formalism: Part II. Implementation using standard electromagnetic solvers

In part I of this series of papers, we introduced an efficient pixel-by-pixel optimization technique, utilizing the Dyson’s equation in a Green’s function formalism. This technique directly incorporates material and minimum feature size constraints in practical photonic devices. The implementation in part I, however, requires full storage of the Green’s function, which is costly. In this paper, we further develop this optimization technique by showing that only the diagonal part of the Green’s function needs to be stored, and by showing that the optimization process can be implemented using standard commercially available electromagnetic solvers. The development here should enable a wider use of this optimization technique.
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity of Dentate Nuclei in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cerebellar abnormalities are commonly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dentate nuclei (DNs) are key structures in the anatomical circuits linking the cerebellum to the extracerebellum. Previous resting-state functional connectivity (RsFc) analyses reported DN abnormalities in high-functioning ASD (HF-ASD). This study examined the RsFc of the DN in young adults with HF-ASD compared with healthy controls (HCs) with the aim to expand upon previous findings of DNs in a dataset using advanced, imaging acquisition methods that optimize spatiotemporal resolution and statistical power. Additional seed-to-voxel analyses were carried out using motor and nonmotor DN coordinates reported in previous studies as seeds. We report abnormal dentato-cerebral and dentato-cerebellar functional connectivity in ASD. Our results expand and, in part, replicate previous descriptions of DN RsFc abnormalities in this disorder and reveal correlations between DN-cerebral RsFc and ASD symptom severity.
Patient Spirituality as a Component of Supportive Care: Assessment and Intervention.

National supportive care guidelines for patients with cancer include recognition of patients’ spirituality and spiritual needs. Experts differ on how best to address this dimension to our patients’ lives. Some suggest that patients’ medical team should take on spiritual care, and others suggest referral to chaplains or collaboration with outside clergy. In our view, the patient’s medical team ought to best acknowledge patient spirituality when so desired by the patient, but intervention in the case of serious spiritual crisis ought to be the responsibility of those with specific training in this realm. For some patients, “concordance” between the specific spiritual tradition of the patient and chaplain is necessary where for others, non-denominational, secular, or inter-faith chaplaincy services are welcome. The central role for physicians and nurses in this area, is listening, awareness, respect, and where necessary, referral.
Abstract A123: Legislation by states and its impact on factors causing divergence in HPV vaccination coverage: Analysis of 2013-2017 National Immunization Survey - Teens (NIS-TEENS)

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is strongly associated with multiple cancer types, affecting women, men and children of all races, ethnicities and backgrounds. HPV causes more than 30,000 cases of cancer every year and more than 70% of U.S population will experience at-least one HPV infection at some point. School-entry mandates and public health education campaigns though being separate entities, have significantly increased vaccine uptake, reduced disease prevalence and decreased racial disparities in disease rates. Furthermore, improvements in immunization against HPV are not equally distributed across gender, age, demographic and socioeconomic divisions within the recommended group of vaccine recipients. Objectives: To analyze and report the association between state-level policies and HPV vaccination uptake. We further explore predictors of HPV vaccination uptake using Aday & Anderson’s behavioral theory of healthcare utilization. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional survey of NIS-Teens data from 2013-2017 was used for the analysis. Bivariable associations and multivariable ordered logistic regression models were statistically performed using STATA 15/IC & SAS v9.4. Results: HPV vaccination completion rates were 17% higher in teens who lived in states with a legislative mandate irrespective of policy enactment. Relative to males, females had 72% higher odds of uptake. Compared to whites, Non-Hispanic blacks had a 21% lower odds of vaccination uptake. Compared to western region of the US, the north-east region reported 1.47 times higher odds of HPV vaccination. Provider recommendation was also significantly associated with HPV vaccination coverage rates. Conclusion: State legislative mandates had a profound impact of vaccination uptake. Additionally, racial minorities were significantly less likely to receive vaccination. Analysis of statewide adaptation of policy related bills and federal funding on VFC (Vaccine For Children) program could further inform those policy initiatives with the greatest uptake of vaccination. Citation Format: Radhika Ranganathan, Peyin Hung, Swann Arp Adams, Nicole L Hair, Shiba Simon Bailey. Legislation by states and its impact on factors causing divergence in HPV vaccination coverage: Analysis of 2013-2017 National Immunization Survey - Teens (NIS-TEENS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A123.
Pathways to Leadership: Reflections of Recent Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Leaders During Conception and Launch of the Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity Movement Within the IDSA

Opportunities for leadership in the specialty of infectious diseases (ID) have markedly increased over the last decade, including in newly recognized areas. Commensurate with the expansion of opportunities in ID, pathways to leadership positions within the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) are expanding as the Society seeks to advance the field for IDSA members. Acknowledging both the importance of diverse leaders to organizational success and shortfalls in diverse representation within IDSA leadership led to concentrated efforts to enhance transparency and opportunities for members to participate broadly in the work of IDSA. Herein, IDSA leaders reflect on their paths to IDSA leadership, hoping to help guide members seeking to partner with the Society. Features identified as important to individual success include mentorship, networking, participation in ID and IDSA volunteer experiences, passion for ID, and working with IDSA staff to advance the programs and initiatives of IDSA on behalf of members.
Design and Nutrient Analysis of a Carotenoid-Rich Food Product to Address Vitamin A and Protein Deficiency

Worldwide undernutrition affects over 820 million individuals and is the underlying cause of over 50% of all childhood deaths. Sweet potatoes have been promoted to address vitamin A (vitA) deficiency, with a single, orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) providing enough vitA, as β-carotene, to meet daily needs. However, the bioavailability of β-carotene is dependent on the presence of dietary fat, which is not provided by OFSP, and it lacks some essential amino acids. Therefore, in an attempt to create a food product that meets daily vitA requirements with adequate bioavailability and complete protein, we designed and assessed a sweet potato, peanut paste, and legume product. The final food product formulation, developed through computer modeling, resulted in a 65/5/35 (w/w/w) formulation in a 250 g serving and ~330 kcal. We then confirmed the nutrient content of macronutrients, and essential amino acids, zinc, and iron contents. Total β-carotene was assessed by HPLC and was lower than predicted through computer modeling, likely due to losses through thermal processing and/or degradation from storage. The results of this project indicate that the three ingredients can be combined into a single 250 g food product to provide >300 kcal energy, complete protein, and micronutrients in a more bioavailable form.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Innate Immune Response to in vitro Transfection of Plasmid DNA

The innate immune response to cytosolic DNA is intended to protect the host from viral infections, but it can also inhibit the delivery and expression of therapeutic transgenes in gene and cell therapies. The goal of this work was to use mRNA-sequencing to reveal correlations between the transfection efficiencies of four cell types (PC-3, Jurkat, HEK-293T, and primary CD3+ T cells) and their innate immune responses to nonviral gene delivery. Overall, the highest transfection efficiency was observed in HEK-293T cells (87%), which upregulated only 142 genes with no known anti-viral functions. Lipofection upregulated a much larger number (n = 1,057) of cytokine-stimulated genes (CSGs) in PC-3 cells, which also exhibited a significantly lower transfection efficiency. However, the addition of serum during Lipofection and electroporation significantly increased transfection efficiencies and decreased the number of upregulated genes in PC-3 cells. Finally, while Lipofection of Jurkat and Primary T cells only upregulated a few genes, several anti-viral CSGs that were absent in HEK and upregulated in PC-3 cells were observed to be constitutively expressed in T cells, which may explain their relatively low Lipofection efficiencies (8-21%). Indeed, overexpression of one such CSG (IFI16) significantly decreased transfection efficiency in HEK cells to 33%.
Developing the "Upstreamist" through Antiracism Teaching in Pharmacy Education.

Objective. To present antiracism teaching as a key modality and an “upstream” approach to addressing health disparities in pharmacy education. Relevant theoretical frameworks and pedagogical strategies utilized in other health disciplines will be reviewed to present how antiracism curricula can be integrated into pharmacy educational outcomes. Findings. Various disciplines have incorporated antiracism pedagogy in their respective programs and accreditation standards. While challenges to implementation are acknowledged, structural racism continues to compromise health outcomes and should be centralized when addressing health disparities. Conclusion. Pharmacy curricula has explored and implemented cultural competency as a means to address the social determinants of health. By intentionally addressing racism in the context of health disparities, student pharmacists will further acknowledge racism as a public health issue and a systemic barrier to patient centered care.
Hilbert's Fifth Problem and Related Topics

Hilbert's fifth problem: Introduction Lie groups, Lie algebras, and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula Building Lie structure from representations and metrics Haar measure, the Peter-Weyl theorem, and compact or abelian groups Building metrics on groups, and the Gleason-Yamabe theorem The structure of locally compact groups Ultraproducts as a bridge between hard analysis and soft analysis Models of ultra approximate groups The microscopic structure of approximate groups Applications of the structural theory of approximate groups Related articles: The Jordan-Schur theorem Nilpotent groups and nilprogressions Ado's theorem Associativity of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff-Dynkin law Local groups Central extensions of Lie groups, and cocycle averaging The Hilbert-Smith conjecture The Peter-Weyl theorem and nonabelian Fourier analysis Polynomial bounds via nonstandard analysis Loeb measure and the triangle removal lemma Two notes on Lie groups Bibliography Index
A cross-country comparison of the codes of professional conduct of certified/chartered accountants

This research examines the extent to which similarities and differences exist in the codes of professional conduct of certified (chartered) accountants across the following countries: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, Ontario (Canada), Australia, India, and Hong Kong. These eight countries exemplify some of the diversity in economic, political, legal, and cultural environments in which public accountants practice. The professional codes of ethics establish the ethical boundary parameters within which professional accountants must operate and they are a function of these environments.
Biological monitoring: Part IIA—receiving system functional methods, relationships and indices

Abstract In this review, a range of approaches to biomonitoring has been discussed. Our recommendation is that a holistic approach will most accurately reflect the integrity of biological systems. This holistic evaluation should incorporate three aspects. First, such an approach should include the measurements of both biotic and abiotic structural and functional parameters. To accomplish this, we need to develop and improve functional testing methodologies with emphasis on distinguishing natural environmental variability from community or ecosystem response to stress. Second, testing strategies should include community and higher level biomonitoring tests. Finally, comparison studies between microcosms and field systems must be carried out. Initial expense for such a testing approach will be very high. As the data base is expanded, however, it may become possible to reduce the number of necessary tests to those few that consistently distinguish community stress effects. Currently such a reduction is being made on the basis of assumptions and theoretical arguments, rather than on the basis of accumulated scientific data. Therefore, the accuracy of such tests now in use in measuring ecosystem stress response can be questioned. Finally, the major advantage in conducting simultaneous field and microcosm comparison tests may go well beyond the establishment of a set of best tests for ecosystem stress response. A high correlation between microcosm and field responses would allow effluent hazard evaluations to be made with the least amount of risk.
Two views of the deep mantle

The region of Earth9s deepest mantle, the core-mantle boundary, is poorly understood and the subject of continuing debate. The best hope for understanding it is seismology, with researchers attempting to unfold the paths of seismic waves traveling through the boundary region and thus infer its physical properties. In their Perspective, Tromp and Dziewonski discuss recent studies of the lower mantle and the core-mantle boundary, with particular focus on two different ways of looking the problem.
Towards an object-oriented architecture for CIM systems

An architecture for a system helps one create an integrated vision. A computer architecture is composed of two elements: a structure and an organization (Lent, 1991). Structure describes the components and their interconnections. Organization presents the dynamical appearance of components and their management according to the selected operational principles. In this chapter, we propose an object-oriented system architecture for CIM applications. We identify a generic framework (i.e. a basic structure — Ehrlich et al., 1980) for the architecture and describe necessary interconnections. We also provide implementation perspectives based on OO concepts.
DOES REPUTATION CONTRIBUTE TO INSTITUTIONAL HERDING

We examine the reputational herding hypothesis and provide evidence that institutional investors' career concerns contribute to herding behavior. Our analysis is based on the intuition that stronger (weaker) career concerns lead to a higher (lower) propensity to herd in down (up) markets. We find that institutional herding is, on average, 40% greater in down markets than in up markets. Moreover, we find that mutual funds and independent advisors follow “same type” institutions 43% more in down markets than in to up markets. Our evidence suggests that institutional herding is driven, at least in part, by institutional managers' reputational concerns.
Truncated Navier-Stokes equations on a two-dimensional torus

The behavior of complex truncated Navier-Stokes equations is investigated. A significant role in the phenomenology of these equations is played by a set of infinitely many invariant N-dimensional hyperplanes (subspaces of the 2N-dimensional phase space) which are symmetrically placed by virtue of a symmetry group. There is numerical evidence that, at least for Reynolds numbers below a certain critical threshold, every random initial point is captured first by one of these hyperplanes, then by an attractor on it. Particular bifurcations can take place in the 2N-phase space. A fixed point can bifurcate into a closed curve consisting entirely of fixed points; in addition, a closed curve of fixed points can bifurcate into a torus covered entirely by either fixed points or periodic orbits. As long as the invariant hyperplanes are attracting, a complete correspondence is found between the phenomenologies of some complex models and their previously studied real versions.
Maternal Perception of the Onset of Lactation Is a Valid, Public Health Indicator of Lactogenesis Stage II

Test weighing is the "gold standard" for documenting lactogenesis stage II. However, this method is impractical for use in population studies. Maternal perception of the timing of the onset of lactation may be a useful proxy for lactogenesis stage II. This study seeks to validate maternal perception of the onset of lactation as a marker of lactogenesis stage II. Women (n = 60) were recruited after cesarean delivery. Beginning at 24 h postpartum (pp), the onset of lactation was assessed 3 times daily by both test weighing and maternal perception. Delayed onset of lactation was defined as follows: 1) milk transfer /= 72 h pp. Misclassification analyses were conducted. Multivariate logistic regression, bivariate analyses and Cox survival analyses were used to evaluate the determinants and consequences of delayed onset of lactation, using both definitions. The sensitivity and specificity of delayed maternal perception as an indicator of delayed lactogenesis were 71.4 and 79.3%, respectively. Four risk factors for low milk transfer were significant (P: < 0.05) or nearly significant (P: </= 0.08) predictors of delayed perception of the onset of lactation. The effects of low milk transfer and delayed maternal perception on breast-feeding duration were similarly modified by intended breast-feeding duration. The magnitude and directionality of the ss coefficients for the milk transfer and perception variables were consistent. On the basis of these results, we conclude that maternal perception of the onset of lactation is a valid public health indicator of lactogenesis stage II.
Utilizing high technology: computer-aided-design and user performance

Abstract A recently developed work-sample test was employed to assess individual performance utilizing computer-aided design technology. Overall task performance, as well as perceived difficulty, confidence, and latency, were found to be predicted by a hypothesized set of individual difference variables. Task performance, was found to be associated with perceptual skill and degree of experience. Confidence in judgments was predicted by perceptual skill, attitudes, and sex of the operator. Perceived difficulty was predicted by perceptual skill and attitudes. The final criterion variable, latency, was found to be predicted by attitudes and sex of the operator. Some of the most interesting findings relate to sex differences. Overall, the task performance of males and female subjects did not differ. However, while female subjects accomplished the task in less time, they were less confident in their judgments and found the task to be more difficult. Findings are discussed as they pertain to previous research and employee selection.
Bayesian Methods for Bounding Single-Event Related Risk in Low-Cost Satellite Missions

Adapting conventional SEE hardness assurance approaches to low-cost, risk tolerant missions has proven difficult. Such approaches do not have a natural approach for realizing cost savings for increased risk tolerance. We develop single-event-risk prior probability distributions based on historical and heritage data. The Priors can be used to bound SEE risk for testing, part selection and design. By adjusting the desired confidence and success probability for the prior, one can tailor it to the risk tolerance of the mission.
Modeling and Control of a Novel Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle

This paper presents a novel dual-clutch, transmission-less hybrid electric powertrain architecture using Dual Mechanical Port Machine (DMPM). The proposed architecture offers the vehicle to operate in four different modes i.e. charge depleting mode, charge sustaining mode, highway mode and braking mode. Power/energy flow in each operating mode is explored and operating characteristics of each prime mover in all four modes are analyzed. A detailed system level modeling is conducted for the proposed powertrain. The power split HEV offers a variety of control problems to insure its optimal performance. In this paper, a rule based control has been designed to meet some of the outlined control objectives. The simulation results show that the proposed HEV architecture with a rule based energy management scheme offers high fuel efficiency as compared to its conventional counterpart.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Identification of genes encoding N-glycan processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidases in Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori: Implications for glycoengineering of baculovirus expression systems

Glycoproteins produced by non-engineered insects or insect cell lines characteristically bear truncated, paucimannose N-glycans in place of the complex N-glycans produced by mammalian cells. A key reason for this difference is the presence of a highly specific N-glycan processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in insect, but not in mammalian systems. Thus, reducing or abolishing this enzyme could enhance the ability of glycoengineered insects or insect cell lines to produce complex N-glycans. Of the three insect species routinely used for recombinant glycoprotein production, the processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene has been isolated only from Spodoptera frugiperda. Thus, the purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize the genes encoding this important processing enzyme from the other two species, Bombyx mori and Trichoplusia ni. Bioinformatic analyses of putative processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidase genes isolated from these two species indicated that each encoded a product that was, indeed, more similar to processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidases than degradative or chitinolytic β-N-acetylglucosaminidases. In addition, over-expression of each of these genes induced an enzyme activity with the substrate specificity characteristic of processing, but not degradative or chitinolytic enzymes. Together, these results demonstrated that the processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidase genes had been successfully isolated from Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori. The identification of these genes has the potential to facilitate further glycoengineering of baculovirus-insect cell expression systems for the production of glycosylated proteins. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Immobilization of Coleus blumei plant cells in temperature-sensitive hydrogel.

Plant cell culture of Coleus blumei when entrapped in temperature-sensitive hydrogel beads [poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) containing 0.5% alginate], retained viability during the three weeks culture. Test also indicated that the hydrogel beads (containing 0.5% alginate) with immobilized cells were still temperature sensitive in aqueous solution.
Charged microbeads are not transported across the human stratum corneum in vitro by short high-voltage pulses

Abstract There have been several reports of particle transport due to high-voltage pulsing of human skin. Here, several different short, high-voltage pulsing protocols were used in vitro to study the possible transport of highly charged, fluorescent polystyrene particles (14 nm to 2.1 μm in diameter; surface charges of −4.05×103 e to −2.77×107 e) across the skin. Two different methods were used to trap and measure particles on the other side of the skin. The first used a polycarbonate membrane to trap the particles, determining the amount of transport by enumeration under a fluorescence microscope. The second used spectrofluorimetry to measure the amount of particles transported. After pulsing, particles were found in randomly distributed clusters on the surface of the skin. No detectable transport across the stratum corneum for any size particle was observed.
Body consciousness, self consciousness, and women's attitudes toward clothing practices

In this study the relationships between self-consciousness and body consciousness were investigated, and the effects of these on women's attitudes toward clothing practices were examined. The statistical analyses of the data collected from 172 working women and 172 college females revealed that body consciousness is closely related to public self-consciousness and social anxiety, but not to private self-consciousness. The multivariate and univariate analyses testing the effects of body consciousness on women's attitudes toward clothing practices revealed no statistical significance. Public self-consciousness played the most important role in determining women's attitudes toward clothing practices.
Optical and infra-red studies on high-temperature Alkali Feldspars

Abstract In ternary feldspars of essentially one phase, calcium content has a dominant influence on the optic axial angle. In such feldspars and also in binary feldspars from solvsbergite rocks, variations of cooling histories do not significantly affect the optic axial angle. In ternary feldspars which are unmixed into two or three prominent phases, Al/Si ordering has an important effect on the 2V value. A recent suggestion of several writers that in feldspars the alkali structural site may be partially occupied by (H3O)+ ions is applied as a possible way to explain a correlation observed between petrographical features of the rocks and the optic axial angles of their feldspar phenocrysts.
The BTeV Pixel Detector

Abstract We present the current status of the BTeV pixel detector. The BTeV pixel detector will consist of 23 million pixel elements housed within the vacuum system of the Fermilab Tevatron within 6 mm of the beams, retracting to > 20 mm during beam injection. The pixel detector will operate in a 1.6 T dipole field, providing vertex, tracking and modest stand-alone momentum measurements to the level 1 trigger system. We focus on the unique mechanical, thermal and vacuum issues related to this detector system.
A study of the 14N(p, 2p)13C reaction at 46 MeV

Abstract The 14 N(p, 2p) 13 C quasi-elastic reaction at 46 MeV is investigated using symmetric co-Planar geometry. For those events where | E 1 − E 2 | ≦ 5 MeV, the cross section is measured for laboratory angles from 20' to 75° by 5° steps. A calculation of the angular distribution is performed using approximate optical-model waves and a non-local p-p effective interaction. The formalism used is the distorted wave t -matrix approximation (DWTA) in the static limit, where the distorted waves are approximated by relatively simple analytic forms. The parameters in these waves describe the distortion present in the reaction. The effects of these parameters on the (p, 2p) cross section is studied and it is noticed that the various aspects of distortion are discernible. A reasonable fit to the data is obtained indicating that the approximate opticalmodel waves are capable of describing distortion at the energies involved. The effects of absorption and focussing are complimentary and the left-to-right peak ratio in the (p, 2p) distribution is greatly controlled by the final state focus phase φ.
Compulsive checking and anxiety in a nonclinical sample: Differences in cognition, behavior, personality, and affect

This study addresses the question of why some highly anxious individuals exhibit excessive levels of compulsive checking behavior while other do not. To this end, nonclinical samples of compulsive checkers (n=19), (nonchecking) anxious controls (n=16), and (nonchecking) nonanxious controls (n=12) were compared on a variety of cognitive, behavioral, personality, and affective measures hypothesized to differentiate checkers from anxious controls. Results indicated that checkers exhibited higher levels of perfectionism and worry, and demonstrated greater cognitive impairment on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Furthermore, performance and subjective experiences of performance appeared to be mediated by perfectionism and worry. Findings suggest that both personality and cognitive variables are important correlates of the form of anxiety-related symptomatology.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HIV-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA

Considerable advances have been made in the evaluation and treatment of diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals, although gaps in knowledge still exist. The availability of newer and more powerful antiretroviral agents should allow a better definition of the effect of local HIV infection on intestinal function. Further attention to the pathophysiology of diarrhea should lead to improvements in diagnosis and treatment.
Progress in photonic sampled analog-to-digital conversion

Recent advances in photonic sampled analog-to-digital conversion of wideband signals are reviewed in context of the parametric polychromatic sampling and cavity-less pulse source driven subsampling. Latest results and a new figure of merit are presented.
Chemosensory Mechanism in American Cockroach Olfaction and Gustation

ALTHOUGH numerous theories of olfaction and gustation1–8 have been published, there is little experimental evidence on the energy-transfer mechanisms involved in the interactions of chemical messengers with proteinaceous receptors of sensory neurones. One such mechanism, involved in the inhibition of feeding of Periplaneta americana and Scolytus multistriatus by various 1,4-naphthoquinones, has been extensively studied and partially interpreted behaviourally9–16, ultrastructurally10–16, electrophysiologically10–16 and biochemically10–16. These messenger naphthoquinones were shown to act through a selective reaction with sulphydryl10–16 groups in a particular membrane-associated receptor macromolecule which was proven to be physically accessible in situ17 to these chemicals through cuticular pores and tubules10–16 in the walls of chemoreceptor sensillae on the insect's antennae. This specific energy transfer resulted in disulphide-bond formation or thiol complexing10–16, both of which are proven18 mechanisms in certain proteins for causing conformational changes. Such changes can alter the cationic permeability of macromolecules composing membranes18. The messenger-altered cation permeability of the receptor thus can result in the generation of action potentials in the sensory neurone10–16. Here we report certain physicochemical characteristics of the messenger-naphthoquinone receptor protein interactions as analysed in a deoxygenated system at physiological pH by the in vitro technique of dropping mercury electrode (DME) polarography (PO4 ‘Polariter’, London Co.). The polarogram is a current–voltage curve obtained by applying a gradually increasing voltage to a system and measuring the current flow at each potential. Characteristic polarographic half-wave potential (that is, E ½) values for proteins were attributed exclusively to exposed, reactive sulphydry1, or reducible disulphide, groups19–22. In our own investigations, the ‘Triton’ X-100-solubilized quinone-reactive receptor protein from the cockroach antennae gave a characteristic E ½ of −1,860 mV. A control (non-quinone receptor) protein system composed of the saline-soluble proteins from the same antennae gave an E ½ of −1,800 mV. Adding messenger 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (5 × 10−5M) in the receptor preparation characteristically shifted the E ½ from −1,860 to −1,880 mV; another less repellent, or feeding-inhibitory, messenger, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (5 × 10−5 M), only shifted the receptor E ½ to −1,875 mV. Neither of these messenger quinones altered the −1,800 mV E ½ of the non-receptor control protein. N-Ethyl maleimide (NEM), a highly specific thiol reagent, at 5 × 10−5 M in the receptor preparation shifted the E ½from −1,860 to −1,890 mV. In this −1,890 mV state, the receptor was non-reactive with messenger quinones. Treatment of the receptor in the −1,890 mV state with the disulphide reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT), brought the E ½ of the receptor back down to −1,860 mV. In this restored −1,860 mV state, the receptor again reacted with messenger quinones.
The effect of taxol on living eggs ofXenopus laevis

Taxol is an antitumor compound which promotes assembly of microtubules in vitro . We report here that taxol promotes the initiation of microtubule assembly when injected into living eggs of Xenopus laevis . In unfertilized eggs injections of more than 0.50 ng of taxol induce microtubule formation into aster-like structures within 1 hr. This is accompanied by the formation of abnormal cleavage furrows. In fertilized eggs taxol arrests division in the injected blastomere of two- and four-cell embryos. Such arrested blastomeres contain asters and aster-like structures at higher taxol doses. The cleavage arrest caused by taxol injection was similar to the cytostatic activity of extracts from unfertilized eggs injected into embryos.