cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Craniofacial injuries related to motorized scooter use: A rising epidemic

Abstract Objectives Over the last decade, there has been increased interest in utilizing motorized scooters for transportation. The limited regulation of this modernized vehicle raises numerous safety concerns. This analysis examines a national database to describe the yearly incidence of craniofacial injuries and patterns of injury related to motorized scooter use. Methods The Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance system was queried for craniofacial injuries associated with motorized scooter use. Patient demographics, injury type, anatomic location, injury pattern, and helmet status were extracted for analysis. Results From 2008 to 2017, there were 990 recorded events for craniofacial injuries secondary to motorized scooters extrapolating to an estimated 32,001 emergency department (ED) visits. The annual incidence was noted to triple over that 10-year period. The majority of patients were male (62.1%) and the common age groups at presentation were young children 6–12 years old (33.3%), adolescents 13–18 years old (16.1%) and young adults 19–40 years old (18.0%). The most common injury pattern was a closed head injury (36.1%) followed by lacerations (20.5%). Facial fractures were only present in 5.2% of cases. In cases in which helmet use was recorded, 66% of the patients were not helmeted. Conclusion The incidence of motorized scooter related craniofacial trauma is rising, resulting in thousands of ED visits annually. Many patients are experiencing morbid traumatic injuries and may not be wearing appropriate protective equipment. This study highlights the importance of public awareness and policy to improve safety and primarily prevent craniofacial trauma.
Scattering properties and femtosecond laser ablation thresholds of human and canine vocal folds at 776-nm wavelength.

Ultrafast laser ablation may provide a treatment for vocal fold (VF) scarring. Optical properties of VFs must be known prior to clinical implementation to select appropriate laser surgery conditions. We present scattering lengths of epithelium ls , ep, superficial lamina propria ls , SLP, and ablation thresholds F th of human and canine VF tissues. Our experimental approach involves an image-guided, laser-ablation-based method that allows for simultaneous determination of ls and F th in these multilayered tissues. Studying eight canine samples, we found ls , ep = 75.3 ± 5.7 μm, ls , SLP = 26.1 ± 1.2 μm, F th , ep = 1.58 ± 0.06 J / cm2, and F th , SLP = 1.55 ± 0.17 J / cm2. Studying five human samples, we found ls , ep = 42.8 ± 3.3 μm and F th , ep = 1.66 ± 0.10 J / cm2. We studied the effects of cumulative pulse overlap on ablation threshold and found no significant variations beyond 12 overlapping pulses. Interestingly, our studies about the effect of sample storage on the scattering properties of porcine VF show a 60% increase in ls , ep for fresh porcine VF when compared to the same sample stored in isotonic solution. These results provide guidelines for clinical implementation by enabling selection of optimal laser surgery parameters for subsurface ablation of VF tissues.
Whole faba bean flour exhibits unique expansion characteristics relative to the whole flours of lima, pinto, and red kidney beans during extrusion.

Determining the impacts of extrusion conditions on extrudate characteristics of whole beans flours is critical to find the suitable types of beans to use for making direct expanded products. Whole bean flours of four different bean types, faba, lima, pinto, and red kidney, were extruded. The influence of barrel temperature (120, 140, and 160 °C), moisture content (17%, 21%, and 25%), and screw speed (150, 200, and 250 rpm) on process and product responses was studied with a corotating twin screw extruder. The barrel temperature, moisture content, screw speed, and variety of bean had significant influence on process and product responses, back pressure (MPa), torque (N·m), specific mechanical energy (kJ/kg), expansion ratio, water absorption index (g/g), and water solubility index (%) (P < 0.05). Faba bean extrudates had a significantly higher expansion ratio compared to other beans (lima, pinto, and red kidney beans) even though faba bean contained significantly higher protein and higher crude fiber contents (P < 0.05). PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The outputs of this research will be helpful to the food industry in the production of high nutrient-dense food products from whole beans by maintaining the expansion and texture of the products. The data should assist to choose the suitable types of whole bean flours and the optimum processing conditions for making direct expanded extruded products.
Caring and the Boundary-Driven Structure of Practical Deliberation

When a reasonable agent deliberates about what to do, she entertains only a limited range of possible courses of action. A theory of practical reasoning must therefore include an account of deliberative attention: an account that both explains the patterns of deliberative attention that reasonable agents typically display and allows us to see why these patterns of deliberative attention are reasonable. I offer such an account, built around two, central claims. (i) A reasonable agent who cares about some end is disposed to exclude courses of action which she believes to be incompatible with that end from the range of possibilities that she will entertain as options in practical deliberation. As I shall put it, an agent’s cares establish deliberative boundaries for her practical thought. (ii) The stability of a deliberative boundary varies with the depth of the care that explains it. These two claims motivate the Boundary-Driven Model of the path that a reasonable agent’s deliberative attention will take in temporally extended deliberation. If we locate the model within a maximizing conception of practical rationality, then boundary-driven deliberation, of the sort that the model describes, can be understood and justified instrumentally, as a heuristic device. But if we suppose that there is no single index of value that successful practical choice maximizes, then boundary-driven deliberation is partly constitutive of reasonableness in practical thought. It allows an agent facing plural and incommensurable values to frame her deliberative problems narrowly enough that, in conjunction with deliberative devices which are not part of the model but which are compatible with it, she may be able to reach a non-arbitrary decision – and so give a determinate, verdictive sense to the phrase “the best course of action available to me” in cases in which a determinate meaning for this phrase would otherwise be lacking.
Senescent Cholangiocytes Release Extracellular Vesicles that Alter Target Cell Phenotype Via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Background & aims Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by peribiliary inflammation and fibrosis. Cholangiocyte senescence is a prominent feature of PSC. Here we hypothesize that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from senescent cholangiocytes influence the phenotype of target cells. Methods EVs were isolated from normal human cholangiocytes (NHCs), cholangiocytes from PSC patients, and NHCs experimentally induced to senescence. NHCs, malignant human cholangiocytes (MHCs), and monocytes were exposed to 108 EVs from each donor cell population and assessed for proliferation, MAPK activation, and migration. Additionally, we isolated EVs from plasma of wild-type and Mdr2-/- mice (a murine model of PSC), and assessed mouse monocyte activation. Results EVs exhibited the size and protein markers of exosomes. The number of EVs released from senescent human cholangiocytes was increased; similarly, the EVs in plasma from Mdr2-/- mice were increased. Additionally, EVs from senescent cholangiocytes were enriched in multiple growth factors, including EGF. NHCs exposed to EVs from senescent cholangiocytes showed increased NRAS and ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, EVs from senescent cholangiocytes promoted proliferation of NHCs and MHCs, findings that were blocked by erlotinib, an EGF receptor inhibitor. Furthermore, EVs from senescent cholangiocytes induced EGF-dependent Interleukin 1-beta and Tumor necrosis factor expression and migration of human monocytes; similarly, Mdr2-/- mouse plasma EVs induced activation of mouse monocytes. Conclusions The data continue to support the importance of cholangiocyte senescence in PSC pathogenesis, directly implicate EVs in cholangiocyte proliferation, malignant progression, and immune cell activation and migration, and identify novel therapeutic approaches for PSC.
Slowing Medicare Spending by Optimizing Late-Life Needs

To maximize care quality and reduce unnecessary health care spending, Medicare Advantage plans can adopt a high-value care delivery model that includes three interventions — community, capability, ...
Radiographic Determination of Skeletal Maturity Guides Optimal Timing of Bar Removal After Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum.

Background A small number of patients treated with minimally invasive correction of pectus excavatum recur after bar removal. This risk appears to be greater in younger children who continue to grow following bar removal. Methods We propose the use of wrist films to determine skeletal maturity and delay bar removal until it is completed. This is not possible in very young patients (less than 14 years of age) or necessary in patients older than 19. Results In the 14-year to 18-year age group, we have used wrist films to determine skeletal maturity in 25 patients. Ten patients (age 14-18) demonstrated full maturation, and their bars were removed at 2 years. Five patients had films that demonstrated nearly closed growth plates, and those bars were removed 6 months later (2.5 years post-insertion). Ten patients had 2 sets of films taken, initially at 2 years post-operation demonstrating open growth plates. Films 12 months later showed skeletal maturation. Their bars were removed at 3 years post-operation. There were no recurrences with an average follow-up of 3 years. Discussion Radiographic determination of skeletal maturity may be used as a guide to the timing of bar removal following the correction of pectus excavatum.
Monte Carlo study of x-ray detection configurations for benchtop x-ray fluorescence computed tomography of gold nanoparticle-loaded objects

Over the last decade, the performance of benchtop x-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) systems has been significantly enhanced through hardware and software optimizations. Recent studies have indicated the need of energy-resolving pixelated/array detectors in the x-ray detection component to further improve the sensitivity and image resolution of benchtop XFCT systems while meeting the realistic constraints of dose and scan time. Thus, it is of immediate interest in the research community to conduct the following investigations: (a) delineation of strengths/weaknesses of detection configurations that incorporate pixelated/array detectors in combination with two most frequently used (parallel-hole and pinhole) collimators; (b) one-to-one comparison of their performance under identical imaging conditions of benchtop XFCT. In this study, we developed a Geant4-based Monte Carlo model to investigate the effects of the aforementioned detection configurations on the sensitivity and image resolution of a benchtop XFCT system. Using this model, we simulated the detection of x-ray fluorescence and scattered photons from gold nanoparticle-containing phantoms using energy-resolving pixelated detectors coupled with parallel-hole and pinhole collimators. Simulation results demonstrated that the detector consisting of large pixels (1 mm × 1 mm) combined with a parallel-hole collimator had better sensitivity (i.e. lower detection limit) than the detector made of smaller pixels (0.25 mm × 0.25 mm) coupled with a pinhole collimator. In comparison, although slightly less sensitive, the latter detector configuration achieved better image resolution than did the former. Thus, a detection configuration consisting of a pixelated detector with submillimeter pixels and a pinhole collimator is preferable when image resolution is critical for benchtop XFCT applications. On the other hand, the detector with larger pixels coupled with a parallel-hole collimator is better suited for benchtop XFCT applications in which higher sensitivity and shorter scan time are essential.
Exploring parents’ ongoing role in romantic development: Insights from young adults:

Important decisions about romantic relationships are often made during adulthood, but the foundations for healthy relationships begin during childhood. Romantic development is related to experience...
Digital Paywall Design: Implications for Content Demand & Subscriptions

The steady decline in print circulation of newspapers and the unreliable revenues from digital advertising have led publishers to move to a subscription-based model for charging for online content, which is typically implemented via a digital paywall. The implications of various elements of digital paywall design are still not fully understood, in particular, their impact on content demand and more broadly on newspapers’ revenues and profits. In this paper we employ micro-level user activity data from The New York Times (NYT) and multiple quasi-experiments (policy changes related to the paywall settings) to conduct the largest ever study of the causal impact of paywall design changes in (1) the quantity (number of free articles) and (2) breadth of choice (ability to choose content across sections) on cross-channel content demand and subscription rates. The results highlight a nuanced and economically significant impact of paywalls on cross-channel demand, with an increase in quantity on the native mobile application driving the cross-channel readership on the browser by roughly 7% but an increased breadth of choice of content on the native mobile application stealing the readership on the browser by roughly 5%. We also see an economically significant positive impact of paywalls on subscription rates, with decreased quantity and increased breadth of choice causally affecting 70-80% of the total subscriptions. Our findings can help managers optimize the design of digital paywalls and digital and mobile consumption channels to maximize readership, revenue and profit.
Abnormal Pulmonary Lymphatic Flow on Novel Lymphangiographic Imaging Supports a Common Etiology of Lymphatic Plastic Bronchitis and Nontraumatic Chylothorax

Background: This study evaluates whether dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) and thoracic duct lymphangiography (TDL) findings in adults with lymphatic plastic bro...
Case Studies and Policy Scenarios

So far, this text has presented the foundational principles of pharmacy ethics, followed by clinical applications in a variety of domains: reproductive ethics, end-of-life, conscience claims, vaccines, pandemics, and community pharmacies. It is now time for you, the reader, to begin integrating these concepts into your own clinical and academic work, to help you navigate ethical practice in your day-to-day professional life.
Non-governmental Organization Support for Sustainable Artisan Business

The purpose of the study was to determine how training and support provided by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) impact the capabilities of artisans and their craft groups’ internal constraints and business sustainability in the context of external constraints that may influence the long-term viability of artisan businesses. Awareness of social and environmental responsibility was explored as one potential internal constraint, among others. Utilizing a multiple case study design with embedded units of analysis, five case studies were conducted with artisan groups and their NGO partners during a 10-day field study in Guatemala. Additional interviews were conducted for context within the Guatemalan artisan section with 3 NGOs, a trainer, and an apparel executive. Two main conclusions can be made from this study. First, the product development trainings have an impact on artisan capabilities, but have a positive impact on business success only when two things are present: demand for the product and a strong NGO partner. A second conclusion from the study is the strategic choice of imported raw materials for product differentiation contributes to artisan group sustainability. This differs from previous research. Lastly, it was determined that artisan had little awareness of environmental and social responsibilities.
Equipping and Empowering Faculty through Professional Development to Create a Future-Ready Workforce in Emerging Technologies

Tech industry, especially, some areas within tech fields, such as Emerging Technology (EmTech), like cybersecurity, data science, mobile development, machine learning, AI, and cloud computing, are expected to experience immense increases in job opportunities in coming years. While a variety of solutions are necessary to address the growing workforce needs in the EmTech industry, one of the largest untapped talent pools is women and underrepresented students. Clearly, HBCU and MSI hold great potential to broaden participation in EmTech because of their more diverse student populations, access to a large number of underrepresented students, and closer faculty-to-student interaction. However, faculties at these institutions, who are at the forefront of developing required skills in students are often overlooked. Faculties at these institutions need help designing and implementing effective and evidence-based instruction materials to develop skills that are in high-demand in the EmTech industry. The goal of this panel is to offer a platform that can provide insight into the development of faculty professional development programs in EmTech in traditional institutions and within the context of HBCU and MSI.
Perceptual–Acoustic Comparisons of Natural Sonic Environments: Applications for Nature-Deprived Populations

As humanity becomes increasingly urbanized and disconnected from the nonhuman world, nature-based sonic environments are receiving increased attention from physicians and psychologists for their po...
Chance, Evolution, and the Metaphysical Implications of Paleontological Practice

For several decades, a debate has been waged over how to interpret the significance of fossils from the Burgess Shale and Cambrian Explosion. Stephen Jay Gould argued that if the “tape of life” was rerun, then the resulting lineages would differ radically from what we find today, implying that humans are a happy accident of evolution. Simon Conway Morris argued that if the “tape of life” was rerun, the resulting lineages would be similar to what we now observe, implying that intelligence would still emerge from an evolutionary process. Recent methodological innovations in paleontological practice call into question both positions and suggest that global claims about the history of life, whether in terms of essential contingency or predictable convergence, are unwarranted.
Propensity-Weighted Survival Analysis of SBRT vs. Conventional Radiotherapy in Unfavorable Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background : Prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), which delivers high-dose precision treatment in ≤5 fractions, is a shorter, more convenient, and less expensive alternative to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CRFT; ∼44 fractions) or moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy (MFRT; 20-28 fractions). SBRT has not been widely adopted but may have radiobiologic advantages over CFRT/MFRT. We hypothesized that SBRT would be associated with improved overall survival (OS) vs. CFRT or MFRT ± androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for unfavorable-intermediate-risk prostate cancer (UIR-PCa). Methods : Men with UIR-PCa treated with SBRT (35-40Gy in ≤5 fractions) or biologically effective doses (BED) of CFRT (72-86.4Gy in 1.8-2.0Gy/fraction) or MRFT (≥60Gy in 2.4-3.2Gy/fraction; BED ≥120) were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Unweighted and propensity-weighted multivariable Cox analysis (MVA) was used to compare OS hazard ratios. Results : 28,028 men with UIR-PCa who received CFRT with (n=12,872) or without ADT (n=12,984); MFRT with (n=251) or without ADT (n=281); and SBRT with (n=212) or without ADT (n=1,428) were identified. Relative to CFRT without ADT, CFRT+ADT (HR 0.92, 95%CI 0.87-0.97, P=.002) and SBRT without ADT (HR 0.74, 95%CI 0.61-0.89, P=.002) were both associated with improved OS on MVA. Relative to CFRT+ADT, SBRT without ADT correlated with improved OS on MVA (HR:0.81, 95%CI 0.67-0.99, P=.04). Propensity-weighted MVA demonstrated that SBRT (HR:0.80, 95%CI 0.65-0.98, P=.036) and ADT (HR:0.91, 95%CI 0.86-0.97, P=.002) correlated with improved OS. SBRT was not associated with improved OS vs. MFRT. Conclusion : SBRT, which offers a cheaper and shorter treatment course that mitigates COVID-19 exposure, was associated with improved OS vs. CFRT for UIR-PCa. These results confirm guideline-based recommendations that SBRT is a viable option for UIR prostate cancer. The results from this large retrospective study require further validation in clinical trials. Micro-Abstract : In the era of COVID-19, there has been a large shift toward delivering larger doses of radiation over fewer treatments using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). There is a strong radiobiologic basis for using SBRT, as prostate cancer cells are more sensitive to higher doses of radiation delivered over fewer treatments. Here we show that men with unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer (UIR-PCa) treated with SBRT lived significantly longer when treated with SBRT relative to longer courses of radiotherapy. While we await results from several ongoing clinical trials, this study lends support to the use of SBRT in men with UIR-PCa.
Factors that influence T box riboswitch efficacy and tRNA affinity

The T box riboswitch is an intriguing potential target for antibacterial drug discovery. Found primarily in Gram-positive bacteria, the riboswitch regulates gene expression by selectively responding to uncharged tRNA to control transcription readthrough. Polyamines and molecular crowding are known to specifically affect RNA function, but their effect on T box riboswitch efficacy and tRNA affinity have not been fully characterized. A fluorescence-monitored in vitro transcription assay was developed to readily quantify these molecular interactions and to provide a moderate-throughput functional assay for a comprehensive drug discovery screening cascade. The polyamine spermidine specifically enhanced T box riboswitch readthrough efficacy with an EC50 = 0.58 mM independent of tRNA binding. Molecular crowding, simulated by the addition of polyethylene glycol, had no effect on tRNA affinity for the riboswitch, but did reduce the efficacy of tRNA-induced readthrough. These results indicate that the T box riboswitch tRNA affinity and readthrough efficacy are intricately modulated by environmental factors.
Quantum noise in digital X-ray image detectors with optically coupled scintillators

Digital X-ray imaging detectors designed for soft X-rays (1 to 50 keV) are significant for medical mammography, dental radiography, microradiography, and microtomography. Detector designs involve either direct absorption of X-rays in solid state devices or thin scintillator screens optically coupled to solid state sensors. Well designed scintillator systems produce 10 or more electrons per detected X-ray and, used with charge coupled devices (CCD), detect 100,000 X-rays per pixel before saturation. However, if the scintillator is directly coupled to the detector, radiation can penetrate to the semiconductor detector with a small number of events producing large charge and noise. The authors have investigated the degradation of image noise by these direct absorption events using numerical models for a laboratory detector system consisting of a 60 /spl mu/m CsI scintillator optically coupled to a scientific CCD. Monte Carlo methods were used to estimate the charge deposition signal and noise for both the CsI and the semiconductor. Without a fiber optic coupler, direct absorptions dominate the signal and increase the signal variance by a factor of about 30 at energies above 10 keV. With a 3 mm fiber optic coupler, no significant degradation is observed for input energies below 45 keV.
Cardiopulmonary effects of antimalarial drugs. IV. Terephthalic acid and its dihydroxamic derivative (WR 74,106).

Abstract The pharmacologic features of terephthalic acid and its dihydroxamic derivative (WR 74,106) were compared in five animal species. Contrary to previous reports by other workers, terephthalic acid did not prolong the change in the sulfadimethoxine concentration in the blood plasma in rats or rabbits. WR 74,106 also did not influence the sulfadimethoxine concentration in the blood plasma of either species. WR 74,106 exerted chemotherapeutic action against Plasmodium berghei in mice. The lethal doses of terephthalic acid for mice and dogs are larger than those of WR 74,106. In the latter species, the injection of a sublethal amount of either compound progressively stimulated respiration, increased pulmonary resistance and decreased pulmonary compliance. Also in dogs, terephthalic acid produced a fall in aortic blood pressure, but WR 74,106 did not influence blood pressure, cardiac output, or ventricular function. There were no signs of any deleterious effects produced by WR 74,106 on the heart, lungs, and peripheral nervous system in mice, rats, cats, or rabbits.
Antigen-Specific T Cells Maintain an Effector Memory Phenotype during Persistent Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

Infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Central and South America. Control of acute experimental infection with T. cruzi is dependent on a robust T cell and type 1 cytokine response. However, little evidence exists demonstrating the development and persistence of a potent antiparasite T cell memory response, and there has been much speculation that the majority of the immune response to T. cruzi infection is not directed against the parasite. In this study, we used an experimental mouse model of T. cruzi infection to test both the Ag specificity and the functional and phenotypic characteristics of the responding T cell population. We observed a vigorous antiparasite response from both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that was maintained in the face of persistent infection. T cells from infected mice also proliferated in response to re-exposure to Ag, and CD8(+) T cells underwent spontaneous proliferation when transferred to naive congenic mice, both characteristic of central memory T cells. Interestingly, T cells from infected mice showed significant down-regulation of CD62L, a characteristic associated with an effector memory phenotype. These results suggest that T cells maintained in mice with chronic T. cruzi infection are fully functional memory cells that cannot be easily categorized in the current central/effector memory paradigm.
SIVs, Bank Leverage and Subprime Mortgage Crisis

This paper explores the structure of SIVs and by exploring how they can be made off-balance-sheet but are being taken back on balance sheet under several conditions, illustrates the GAAP rules failed to capture the economic substance of certain financial transactions and associated implications in the context of recentfinancial crisis. This article uses Citigroup as the case study and also contrasts the FASB and GAAP.
Combining complementary formal verification strategies to improve performance and accuracy

Software is increasingly complex and is used in increasingly critical applications. Sophisticated techniques are available for verifying that software systems work correctly, but these techniques can be very difficult and expensive to use. Researchers have developed tools to automatically verify software models, but using these tools can still be very costly, in terms of manual effort and expertise required to build accurate models and to formally specify required properties, and also in terms of the time and memory required to run these tools. Much work has been done to simplify the process of building software models and to improve the performance of verification tools, resulting in a variety of different modeling languages, each with features designed to reduce effort or improve performance for certain types of input models, and a range of verification tools, each with a different set of strategies available for reducing time and memory requirements. It can be difficult to determine which verification strategy is best for a particular software system. Others have observed complementary relationships between tools and have argued that there is no single best tool—that as users’ needs change the choice of tool should change as well. This dissertation provides further evidence for complementary relationships between verification tools, specifically considering tools available for specifications of synchronous software systems written in the Software Cost Reduction (SCR) modeling language. We show how verification tools and their associated modeling languages may be complementary in terms of both accuracy and performance. Rather than providing guidance for users deciding between tools, we argue that a verification strategy combining results from multiple tools will yield the most accurate results, i.e., the results worthy of the greatest confidence, and will in most cases perform better, requiring less time and memory, than a strategy based on a single tool. This dissertation presents several studies in which the use of multiple verification tools resulted in improved accuracy and performance. In some cases the use of a single tool would have produced incorrect results, giving no indication to the user that the tool had been used incorrectly. The use of a second tool, producing results inconsistent with the first, led to a better understanding of both tools and greater confidence in the overall verification result. Further studies show how an efficient debugging tool, based on random search, and a verification tool can be used together so that average time and memory requirements are greatly reduced, and so that performance is much less sensitive to minor changes in the input model. We then discuss in detail a larger case study that produced experimental results consistent with these smaller studies, showing how four verification tools can be used together effectively to verify software specifications written in the SCR modeling language.
NRQED Lagrangian at order 1 / M 4

The parity and time-reversal invariant effective Lagrangian for a heavy fermion interacting with an Abelian gauge field, i.e., NRQED, is constructed through order $1/{M}^{4}$. The implementation of Lorentz invariance in the effective theory becomes nontrivial at this order, and a complete solution for Wilson coefficient constraints is obtained. Matching conditions in the one-fermion sector are presented in terms of form factors and two-photon matrix elements of the nucleon. The extension of NRQED to describe interactions of the heavy fermion with a light fermion is introduced. Sample applications are discussed; these include the computation of nuclear structure effects in atomic bound states, the model-independent analysis of radiative corrections to low-energy lepton-nucleon scattering, and the study of static electromagnetic properties of nucleons.
The relationship of age and endometrial histology to blood loss and morbidity following vaginal hysterectomy

Abstract Classically, the young premenopausal woman with a secretory endometrium has been considered to be at risk for high operative blood loss and postoperative morbidity rates following vaginal hysterectomy. Five hundred cases of vaginal hysterectomy were studied at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. Morbidity caused by pelvic infection was found to be more closely correlated with errors in operative technique than with the age or endometrial histology of the patient.
Plasmid pKC7: a vector containing ten restriction endonuclease sites suitable for cloning DNA segments.

Abstract Plasmid pKC7, a derivative of pBR322, specifies resistance to both ampicillin and kanamycin. The DNA of this small plasmid (5.8 kb) contains unique sites for insertion of DNA cleaved with ten different restriction endonucleuses. A detailed restriction endonuclease cleavage map is presented. The utility of this plasmid for cloning is discussed.
Fine structure of maize starches from four wx-containing genotypes of the W64A inbred line in relation to gelatinization and retrogradation

Abstract Maize starches from four wx-containing genotypes (wx, du wx, ae wx, and ae du wx) of the W64A inbred line were examined to determine their gelatinization and retrogradation properties and the fine structure of their amylopectins (AP). Chain-length distribution profiles of the APs showed distinct patterns according to genotype. The wx and du wx starches had a large proportion of short chains and showed A-type X-ray patterns, whereas the ae wx and ae du wx starches had a large proportion of long chains and showed B-type X-ray patterns. The ae wx starch had the highest values of onset melting temperature (To) and heat uptake (ΔH), both for gelatinization and after retrogradation, which were attributed to a greater proportion of long chains (degree of polymerization > 16) in the AP. Debranching of β-limit dextrins also revealed that the interior chain-length distribution of AP from the ae wx genotype constituted a large proportion of long chains. The extent of retrogradation increased in the order wx, du wx, ae wx and ae du wx starches and appeared to be proportional to the level of unit chains with DP 16–30 and inversely proportional to the level of short chains with DP 6–11.
US Federal Organic Research Activity is Expanding

The United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service is the agency responsible for the federal effort in agricultural research. A recent survey of the ~2340 USDA/ARS scientists revealed that approximately 8% of the scientists were interested in working on research topics for organic agriculture. At the time of the survey only about 4% had worked in or were working on projects useful to certified organic industries. The survey identified several obstacles hindering work in organic agriculture. Some obstacles such as low funding levels were not unique to organic research while other obstacles were. A recent USDA/ARS workshop on organic agriculture helped to identify and alleviate some of those issues.
Shear flow of an emulsion of drops less conductive than the suspending fluid immersed in an electric field by numerical simulation

The application of an electric field modifies the microstructure and properties of an emulsion. Under shear, the response of the system is dictated by the competition between electrical and hydrodynamic forces. Direct numerical simulation is used to examine the response for an emulsion composed of drops less conductive than the suspending fluid. The presence of an electric field results in an attractive force between the drops in the direction parallel to the electric field. If no shear is present, the drops aggregate in chains parallel to the electric field and the microstructure becomes highly anisotropic. The immersion of the emulsion in a simple shear leads to the tilting and break-up of the chains of drops. The effective viscosity exhibits shear-thinning properties associated with the changes in the microstructure. The variation in the viscosity of the drops also impacts the properties of these systems: an increase in the drop viscosity results in an increase in the emulsion effective viscosity. The electric field also enhances the elastic properties, which depend on the deformation of the drops and any difference in the viscosity between the fluids. The variation in the viscosity ratio translates into a modulation of the normal stress differences. At low shear rates, the deformation of the drops is mostly dictated by the electric stresses. An increase in the viscosity ratio results in the enhancement of the drop deformation, which causes an increase in the first normal stress difference. At high shear rates, the deformation of the drops depends more on the viscous forces and less on the electric field. In this regime, an increase in the drop viscosity results in more rigid drops, which decreases the first normal stress difference.
Gap in A-V conduction in man: Types I and II

Abstract The mechanism of the “gap” phenomenon in A-V conduction was studied in man during premature atrial stimulation studies using His bundle recordings. Previous reports have demonstrated that while relatively late premature atrial impulses are blocked within the His-Purkinje system, earlier premature atrial impulses may successfully propagate to the ventricle if they encounter sufficient A-V nodal delay to allow recovery of the distal area of refractoriness (Type I “gap”). In the present report, an analogous mechanism of the “gap” is described which is due to delay within the His-Purkinje system (Type II “gap”). Relatively late premature atrial impulses were noted to block within the His-Purkinje system, similar to the findings in Type I. Conduction resumed in Type II, however, when earlier premature atrial impulses encountered delay in a relatively proximal area of the His-Purkinje system, allowing more complete recovery of the distal area of refractoriness. Both types of gap phenomena represent examples of apparent supernormal conduction.
Using the co-existence approach to achieve combined functionality of object-oriented and relational systems

Once considered a novelty, object oriented systems have now entered the mainstream. Their impressive performance and rich type systems have created a demand for object oriented features in other areas, such as relational database systems. We believe the current efforts to combine object oriented and relational features into a single hybrid system will fall short of the mark, whereas our approach, the co-existence approach, has the distinction of requiring far less work, but at the same time promising both the desired functionality and performance. We describe the attributes of our co-existing systems, an object oriented system (C++) and a relational system (Starburst), and show how this combination supports the desired features of both object-oriented and relational systems.
Hepatic resection for isolated metastasis from colorectal carcinoma

Summary Surgical results were analyzed in 36 patients who had undergone hepatic resection for metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Survival was not altered by the type of surgical resection nor in the presence of solitary compared with multiple lesions. No difference in survival from the time of liver resection was noted in patients staged as Dukes' B and Dukes' C (metachronous liver metastasis) in comparison to patients who presented with synchronous liver metastases. Overall median survival was 22 months with no 5 year survivors to date. There is a tendency for recurrence to occur in extrahepatic sites, which emphasizes the need for an effective chemotherapeutic agent.
Occupations and attitudes of former student activists 10 years later.

Respondents in a 1969 survey (N=400)of undergraduate men at the University of Michigan were resurveyed as alumni in 1979 (N=215).Of the 400 surveyed in 1969, 50 were active in political organizations (“organization activists”) and 57 had been in demonstrations. These were rank- and-file student activists in the 1960s, not leaders. The demonstration activists were the more extreme in attitudes in both 1969 and 1979. In 1979 the demonstration activists were still more interested in political affairs than the nonactivists, more suspicious of free enterprise ideology, more opposed to current fears of communism, and more alienated from the military. Former organization activists were disproportionately employed in the human services areas of government, disproportionately absent from the business sector. In 1979 the former activists were no longer critical of the universities or of American society as a producer of poverty. They had shifted their main involvement from national to community affairs. While still distinctive in some attitudes, they were generally less radical than earlier.
Using FDAF to bridge the gap between enterprise and software architectures for security

The vision, strategies, and goals of enterprises involve numerous security issues; these stem from legal and business concerns. In turn, these goals are realized by the enterprise, organized into business groups, departments, divisions, etc. For example, a financial organization, such as a bank, needs to provide a range of services to their customers including private banking, commercial banking, international banking, and investment services. These services are provided by sub-organizations in the enterprise (i.e., the enterprise architecture); the sub-organizations are often partitioned along the business lines. For example, one sub-organization is responsible for private banking, another for commercial banking, etc. When providing financial services, there is a need to ensure that customer and account data are kept private, not corrupted, and safely backed up. Some of these needs may be realized in a collection of software applications. The problem of effectively designing secure software systems to meet an organization's needs is a critical part of their success. This paper focuses on the problem of how to bridge the gap between enterprise and software architectures for security using a set of UML based notations: the Business Modeling Extension for UML, standard UML use case diagrams, and the Formal Design Analysis Framework (FDAF). The Business Modeling Extension and standard UML are established approaches we adopt in this work. FDAF is an aspect-oriented approach that supports the design and analysis of non-functional properties for distributed, real-time systems at the software architecture level. An empirical study for an online banking system is used to illustrate the approach.
Spatial scale dependent in-phase and anti-phase directional biases in the perception of self-organized motion patterns

A long row of evenly spaced dots is displaced on successive frames by half the distance between the dots. Although these stimuli are directionally ambiguous, spatially and temporally coherent unidirectional and oscillatory motion patterns are perceived as a result of the temporal persistence of competing in-phase and anti-phase directional biases, respectively. The perceiver's spatial scale is critical is determining whether dots are near enough to favor an in-phase bias or far enough apart to favor an anti-phase bias. The results are explained by a differential-gradient model of cooperative interaction, which specifies that the strength of facilitating (excitatory) interactions among motion detectors with similar directional selectivity falls off with distance at a greater rate than the strength of competing inhibiting interactions.
Plutonia particle behavior during the sintering of mixed oxide fuels

Abstract The phenomenon of cavity formation during sintering of mixed oxide fuel in a reducing atmosphere was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Sintering in Ar-8% H 2 at 1675°C for 8 h was found to produce cavities in the center or at the periphery of the PuO 2 particles. After considering (and rejecting) several possible mechanisms, a model based upon nucleation and growth of water bubbles at or in the PuO 2 particles during hydrogen reduction was developed and shown to qualitatively account for the observations: water bubbles develop because of the low permeability of this species in the oxide and bubble growth arises from vacancy flow (creep) from the matrix in response to the excess water vapor pressure inside the bubble.
Follicular lymphoma: 2011 update on diagnosis and management.

Disease overview: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is generally an indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of transformed follicular center B cells. FL is characterized by diffuse lymphoadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, splenomegaly, and less commonly other extranodal sites of involvement. In general, cytopenias can occur but constitutional symptoms of fever, nightsweats, and weight loss are uncommon. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on histology of preferably biopsy of a lymph node. Immunohistochemical staining is positive in virtually all cases for cell surface CD19, CD20, CD10 and monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 protein. The overwhelming majority of cases have the characteristic t(14;18) translocation involving the IgH/bcl-2 genes. Risk stratification: The Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index prognostic model for FL uses five independent predictors of inferior survival: age > 60 years, hemoglobin normal, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, number of involved nodal areas > 4. The presence of 0–1, 2, and ≥3 adverse factors defines low, intermediate, and high-risk disease with median 10 year survivals in the pre-rituximab era of approximately 71, 51, and 36 months, respectively. With the use of more modern therapies, specifically anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, the outcome has improved. Risk-adapted therapy: Observation continues to be adequate for asymptomatic patients with low bulk disease and no cytopenias. For patients needing therapy, most patients are treated with chemotherapy plus rituximab, which has improved response rates, duration of response, and overall survival. Randomized studies have shown additional benefit for maintenance rituximab both following chemotherapy-rituximab and single agent rituximab. Autologous stem cell transplantation has not shown a survival benefit in first remission patients. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) including both autologous and allogeneic SCT or experimental agent therapy is considered for recurrent disease. Am. J. Hematol. 86:769-775, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conservative streamtube solution of steady-state Euler equations

This paper presents a new method for solving the steady state Euler equations. The method is similar to streamline curvature methods but has a conserative finite volume formulation which ensures correct shock capturing. Either wall position or wall pressure may be prescribed as boundary conditions, permitting both direct and inverse calculations. In supersonic applications the solution is obtained by space-marching while in subsonic and transonic applications iterative relaxation methods are used. Numerical results are given for: (1) supersonic diffuser with oblique shocks (direct calculation); (2) supersonic jet entering still reservoir (inverse calculation); (3) subsonic bump in a channel with 25 percent blockage (direct and inverse); (4) subsonic high-work turbine cascade (direct); and (5) transonic bump in a channel with 12 percent blockage (direct calculation).
The Relationship between Suicidal Behavior, Ideation, and Binge Drinking among College Students

Suicidal ideation and behavior among college students are serious and prevalent problems that warrant considerable attention. While a variety of situational and personality factors have been linked to suicidal behavior, alcohol use is one of the most commonly cited factors. As alcohol consumption is a frequent activity for many college students, the association between alcohol use and suicidal behavior may have particularly lethal consequences for students. Yet, to date, few studies have examined the relationship between drinking and suicidal ideation and behavior in this population. This study provides empirical support for this relationship. That is, significant relationships were found between past alcohol use and past suicide attempt(s) and between past binge drinking and past suicidal behavior and ideation. The results are discussed in light of their implications for intervention with and assessment of students presenting with suicidal ideation, behavior, and/or binge drinking.