cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Florence Foster Jenkins and Neurosyphilis in the 1940s (P5.147)

Objective: To analyze the manifestations of neurosyphilis portrayed in the film “Florence Foster Jenkins”. Background: The biographical comedy film “Florence Foster Jenkins” was released in 2016. Set in 1944, it tells the story of the New York City socialite and amateur soprano, Mrs. Jenkins, who suffers from long-term syphilis. Throughout the film she exhibits behaviors that could be attributed to neurosyphilis. Design/Methods: Review of the film and selected literature on neurosyphilis. Results: Mrs. Jenkins contracted syphilis at age 18 and has had the disease for nearly 60 years. The chancre appeared in her left hand, an unusual location as extragenital chancres occur in less than 2% of patients. She has alopecia, a common sign of secondary syphilis; and occasional seizures, which may be provoked by cerebral gummas, characteristic of tertiary syphilis. She takes mercury and arsenic, two common therapies at the time. The most striking feature shown in the film is Mrs. Jenkins’ poor singing ability, which she does not seem to be aware of and, on the contrary, she considers herself a talented singer. Neurosyphilis can cause hearing loss and cranial neuropathies, which may have impaired her ability to hear herself and sing, respectively. Heavy metal toxicity could have contributed too. This perceived talent may also represent a delusion of grandeur, a classic feature of general paresis, a form of parenchymal neurosyphilis. She also displays emotional lability and manic symptoms. Memory seems to be unaffected. Motor function and equilibrium are preserved and there is no indication of her having tabes dorsalis. Conclusions: The film “Florence Foster Jenkins” illustrates multiple signs of late neurosyphilis and its management in the pre-penicillin era. As this is a rare condition nowadays, portions of the film have educational value. It is also an entertaining movie for those who enjoy the portrayal of neurologic disorders in cinema. Disclosure: Dr. Avila has nothing to disclose.
The laser damage meeting: early years

This talk will cover my personal recollections about the early years of lasers and the laser damage situation in the 60s: the persons involved, the lasers used in damage experiments, the companies involved, funding agencies involved, personal interactions in those days, the nature of the papers in 1968, and the unique style of management and conduct of the first and later meetings by Art Guenther and Alex Glass, a co-invited speaker with me at this 50th anniversary meeting.
Perceived holistic benefits of equine-assisted therapy among mothers of children with a disability: a pilot study

This paper presents the first phenomenological qualitative descriptive study exploring the connection between spirituality and equine therapy. Results highlight experiences of 17 mothers with child...
Development of a future typical meteorological year with application to building energy use

Current simulations of building energy consumption use weather input files based on the past thirty years of climate observations. These 20th century climate conditions may be inadequate when designing buildings meant to function well into the 21st century. An alternative is using model projections of climate change to estimate future risk to the built environment. In this study, model-projected changes in climate were combined with existing typical meteorological year data to create future typical meteorological year data. These data were then formatted into weather input files and run through EnergyPlus simulation software to evaluate their potential impact on commercial building energy consumption. The modeled data were taken from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). NARCCAP uses results of global climate models to drive regional climate models, also known as dynamical downscaling. This gives higher resolution results over specific locations, and the multiple global/regional climate model combinations provide a unique opportunity to quantify the uncertainty of climate change projections and their impacts. Our research shows a projected decrease in heating energy consumption and a projected increase in cooling energy consumption for nine locations across the United States. The decrease in heating energy consumption is around 25\% to 50\% for warm locations and 15\% to 25\% for cold locations. The increase in cooling energy consumption is around 20\%-35\% for warm locations and 30\% to 75\% for cold locations. Net energy consumption is projected to increase by an average of 5\% for lower-latitude locations and decrease by an average of 5\% for higher-latitude locations. However, different systems for heating and cooling along with different fuel sources suggests that energy use and cost will not simply cancel out as implied. With these projected annual and seasonal changes presenting strong evidence for the unsuitable nature of current building practices, we recommend using our methodology and results to make modifications and adaptations to existing buildings and to prepare future buildings for our future climate.
Optimized ECD Cu RDL Process with Via Filling Capability for Next Generation Packaging

Abstract Next generation mobile devices, especially those with 5G capability, will require higher functionality and speed in combination with shrinking component as well as package dimensions. Thes...
PESOHA: Privacy-Preserving Evaluation System for Online Healthcare Applications

Online healthcare and wellness applications are one of the alternatives to expensive face-to-face medical services. By using online healthcare applications, patients are able to access clinical interventions at a lower cost and at their convenience. However, the lack of rigorous evaluation system becomes a barrier to further growth. To address the shortcoming, in this paper, we propose the privacy-preserving evaluation system for online healthcare applications, in short PESOHA. The proposed system helps non-IT healthcare professionals easily to create their clinical studies on their online applications and assess the performance of online health applications by using privacy-preserving online monitoring. In this paper, we present the structural architecture of PESOHA and demonstrate its operations for healthcare researchers and patients. The systematic evaluation method of PESOHA will expand the role of online healthcare and wellness applications.
Expanding the conceptual foundation, scope, and relevance of the US national accounts: the intersection of theory, research, and measurement

Abstract This chapter describes the evolution of the US National Accounts with a focus on the intersection of measurement, theory, and economic research. The evolution and durability of National Accounts as the mainstay of macroeconomic analysis and policy stems from the measurement of the US economy across factors of production, industries, products, and geography within a theoretically consistent, comprehensive, unduplicated, double-entry system of economic accounts. Over time, as the economy and economic policy needs have changed, economic theory, measurement, and the national accounts have been continuously updated to track these changes. Much of this success, relative to leading, coincident, and other sets of business cycle indicators, which have been described as “measurement without theory,” is attributable to the fact that the National Accounts evolution has been based on the continuous interaction of theory and measurement.
LEVETIRACETAM FOR THE TREATMENT OF MYOCLONIC NEUROTOXICITY INDUCED BY AMIODARONE

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic prescribed for atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias commonly associated with adverse events such as pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction, QT prolongation, corneal opacities and rarely, myoclonic neurological toxicity. Those events require weeks
Increasing help-seeking for eating pathology among collegiate athletes: An examination of a novel, customized intervention

Abstract Athletes experience elevated risk for eating pathology (EP), but evidence lower levels of help seeking for EP than the general population. Indeed, athletes experience general (e.g., stigma) and athlete-specific (e.g., “push past physical and mental pain” attitude) barriers to help-seeking. Although general mental health help-seeking interventions have improved help seeking outcomes in athlete samples, no study has developed an intervention to increase EP help-seeking among athletes. The current study examined the effects of a 75-min mental health literacy and stigma reduction intervention among 107 collegiate athletes (54.2% female) randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. All athletes completed measures of help-seeking stigma, attitudes, intentions, and behavior at baseline, post-intervention, and six-week follow-up. At post-intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in attitudes and intentions towards seeking help for EP and general mental health, relative to the control group. No significant differences in stigma were found between the groups. At six-week follow-up, the intervention group demonstrated higher rates of help-seeking and/or referring a friend for help than the control group. However, sustained improvements in help-seeking attitudes and intentions were not present in the intervention group compared to the control group, apart from EP help-seeking attitudes. Findings support the effectiveness of a customized intervention to improve EP help-seeking variables among athletes.
Are Gifted Students Perfectionistic? A Meta-Analysis:

There is a rich literature on perfectionism among gifted individuals, but the results of these individual studies are ambiguous. The present meta-analysis aimed to clarify the nature of the relatio...
Modifying field-effect transistor response in a conjugated polymer upon the addition of radical dopants

Abstract As open-shell moieties are increasingly integrated into organic electronic devices, there remains a need to establish the interactions that occur between these oxidation–reduction-active (redox-active) radical species and commonly-used conjugated polymers. In this report, we show that the addition of the stable radical galvinoxyl to the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) alters the thin film transistor response from semiconducting to conducting as well as modestly enhances the electrical conductivity. This interaction is not seen with other radical species. While an increase in charge carrier concentration is observed, the interaction does not seem to be otherwise consistent with a simple charge-transfer doping mechanism, due to the mismatched reduction and oxidation potentials of the two species. Additionally, no freeze-out of charge carriers is observed at lower temperatures. It is also not due to parallel conduction through the radical fraction of the bulk composite, as the radical species is non-conductive. Hole mobility is enhanced at lower concentrations of the radical, but it decreases at higher concentrations due to the reduced fraction of conductive material in the polymer bulk. Despite the increase in mobility at lower concentrations, the activation energy for charge transport is increased by the presence of the radical. This suggests that the radical is likely filling trap states within the P3HT for the composite thin film while not affecting their energetic distribution.
Participation in a Yoga Study Decreases Stress and Depression Scores for Incarcerated Women

Incarcerated individuals exhibit a high incidence of stress-related disorders, including addiction and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as the added stress of captivity. Access to stress-reduction tools is limited for these individuals. One possible approach may be regular structured yoga classes. Using two approaches, we tested the effectiveness of a brief, intensive yoga intervention in a population of incarcerated women in a county jail. The first approach was an examination of archival data collected as part of a program analysis. Individuals showed considerable reduction in self-reported stress following a single yoga session. The second approach was an experimental study using a week-long yoga intervention. Thirty-four participants were assigned to either the yoga or control group for the first week. In the second week, the conditions were reversed. Participants were assessed weekly, before and after intervention. Baseline scores revealed high rates of depression, stress, and exposure to traumatic life events compared to normative data. Stress and depression were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Compared to controls, participants reported less depression after a week of daily yoga sessions. Perceived stress declined under both control and yoga conditions. Due to the transient nature of the jail institution, it is important to examine interventions that can be provided on a short-term basis. Although there were limitations in this study, the results support the conclusion that the brief yoga intervention had a positive effect on participants' well-being.
Single Molecule Studies of a Biological Motor F 1 -ATPase: Interplay of Experiment, Analytic Theory and Computation

In this chapter we discuss the interaction between theory and single molecule experiments on a biological motor, F1-ATPase. In particular, we consider an interplay between the experiment, analytical theory, and computer simulations. The complementarity of the millisecond and microsecond experiments is noted. For example, the limited experiments on the latter indicate that the ATP binding in one β subunit precedes an ADP release in another β subunit, whereas the millisecond experiments do not time-resolve the two steps.
Flunking the Spanish test: Television portrayals of personal responsibility and language shift in heritage learners

The language practices of Heritage Learners (HLs) of Spanish are frequently regulated and stigmatized in academic and community settings when their Spanish is perceived as deficient. By ignoring in...
The Use of Historical Law in Treaty Rights Cases

This paper examines the potential contributions of historical law to treaty rights cases, looking specifically to the use of such law in the Culverts Case and in a currently pending tribal hunting case, Herrera v. Wyoming. It demonstrates the benefits that historical law can confer on tribal clients, while also discussing some of the reasons that tribal clients may be reluctant to invoke it. It concludes that, at a minimum, lawyers representing tribes in treaty rights cases should research the laws that existed at the time that the treaty was entered into and should consider developing expert testimony on such laws.
Interprofessional Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training of Resident Physicians by Sonography Student-Coaches.

Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) education is growing throughout medical education, but many institutions lack POCUS-trained faculty. Interprofessional education offers a strategy for ...
Diagenetic controls on reservoir quality of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system: Sycamore Formation, Sho-Vel-Tum Field, Oklahoma, USA

Abstract Reservoir quality (RQ), commonly related to diagenesis, is important to predict formation porosity and permeability. The lack of studies to understand the role of diagenesis on tight reservoirs is a limiting factor for predicting petroleum accumulation in unconventional reservoirs. This study aims to determine the influence of diagenesis on RQ for the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Sycamore Formation in southern Oklahoma. Additionally, this study assesses other geologic factors such as depositional facies control on diagenesis of the Sycamore. Petrographic observation, geochemical data, and conventional plug analysis from six cores and one outcrop were used to accomplish three objectives: i) reconstruct the paragenetic sequence; ii) determine the role of diagenesis on RQ; and iii) elucidate geological factors that control the diagenetic evolution in the Sycamore strata. Four facies were identified: Massive Calcite-cemented Siltstones, Massive Calcareous Siltstone, Bioturbated Mudstones, and Argillaceous Mudstones. However, this study focuses on the siltstones and their associated diagenetic processes and products. Porosity evolution in the siltstones is affected by cementation and dissolution processes. These diagenetic processes are related to each other; calcite cement decreases permeability during early diagenesis and controls the flow of later diagenetic fluids responsible for feldspar dissolution. Additionally, differences in the supply between a carbonate and siliciclastic material and a change from a carbonate-dominated system to a mixed system through time controls the distribution of calcite cement in the Sycamore. This study allows geologists to understand the diagenetic evolution and to characterize RQ of the Sycamore and similar formations by considering the sediment supply between carbonate- and siliciclastic-dominated systems, changes in stratigraphy, and influx of acidic fluids. Identifying geological controls on diagenesis and defining the influence of diagenesis on RQ in tight formations is important for the exploration and development of unconventional reservoirs, to build predictable porosity and permeability models, and to identify petroleum accumulations.
Supporting Children's Oral Language Development in the Preschool Classroom

Supporting children’s oral language development during the preschool years is critical for later reading success. Research shows that preschool teachers may be missing opportunities to engage children in the kinds of conversations that foster the development of rich oral language skills. Teachers hoping to support these skills can provide children with purposeful conversations that include sophisticated vocabulary, support children’s interests, use open-ended questions, and employ cognitively challenging topics. In a typical preschool classroom, children spend a large portion of the day working in centers and eating meals. These non-teacher directed activities provide teachers with the opportunity to engage children in high quality, multi-turn conversational interactions. This article provides strategies and examples for preschool teachers to better support the oral language development of preschool children during these non-teacher directed settings.
Therapeutically Targetable ALK Mutations in Leukemia

Genome sequencing is revealing a vast mutational landscape in leukemia, offering new opportunities for treatment with targeted therapy. Here, we identify two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia whose tumors harbor point mutations in the ALK kinase. The mutations reside in the extracellular domain of ALK and are potently transforming in cytokine-independent cellular assays and primary mouse bone marrow colony formation studies. Strikingly, both mutations conferred sensitivity to ALK kinase inhibitors, including the FDA-approved drug crizotinib. On the basis of our results, we propose that tumors harboring ALK mutations may be therapeutically tractable for personalized treatment of certain aggressive leukemias with ALK inhibitors.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia – This condition is often severe due to an accompanying pulmonary hypoplasia. Through advanced neonatal intensive care and select application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, most children survive to correction.
Beyond the Chimpanzee Genome: The Threat of Extinction

In his Perspective, Hauser comments that to fully profit from the information encoded in the chimpanzee genome, we will need an equally rich depiction of chimpanzee behavior, thought, and neural function. Given the explosion of recent findings from the behavioral and cognitive sciences, a synthesis is on the horizon. Only our own casual use of the environment, which threatens the future of chimpanzees, can stand in the way of witnessing this synthesis.
Selection and properties of phototaxis-deficient mutants of Halobacterium halobium.

A method for isolating phototaxis-deficient (Pho-) mutants of Halobacterium halobium was developed. The procedure makes use of a flashing repellent light to induce frequent reversals of swimming direction by responsive cells, thereby impeding their migration along a small capillary and resulting in a spatial separation of the parent population and a population enriched for Pho- cells. Two classes of Pho- mutants were obtained by this selection scheme: those which have lost the chemotactic response (Che-) as well as phototaxis sensitivity (general taxis mutants), and those which are defective in steps specific to phototaxis (photosignaling mutants). In the latter class, several retinal synthesis mutants were isolated, as well as a strain which fit the expected properties of a mutant lacking a functional photoreceptor protein. On the basis of spectroscopic and swimming behavior studies, the retinal-containing protein, slow-cycling or sensory rhodopsin (SR), was previously proposed to be a dual-function sensory receptor mediating both attractant and repellent photosensing. The receptor mutant Pho81 fulfills two predictions which provide direct genetic evidence for this proposal. The mutant has lost SR photoactivity as determined by spectroscopic measurements, and it has simultaneously lost both attractant and repellent phototaxis sensitivity. Comparison of [3H]retinal-labeled membrane proteins from the mutant and its SR-containing parent implicated a 25,000 Mr polypeptide as the chromophoric polypeptide of SR. Images
Using Longitudinal Surveys to Evaluate Interventions

Longitudinal surveys are often used in evaluation studies to provide data for assessing the effects of a program or intervention. There are several reasons why this is the case. One is that the assessment may need to examine the temporal nature of the effect, whether it is instant or delayed, persistent or temporary. A second is to distinguish between confounding variables that causally precede the intervention and mediating variables that are in the causal path between the intervention and the effect. Also, the identification of mediating variables is sometimes an important objective in order to obtain a fuller understanding of the causal process. A third reason is to better control for confounding variables in the assessment. A longitudinal survey affords the opportunity to collect data on a wider range of potential confounders; also, by analysing changes in the outcome variables, the disturbing effects of unmeasured confounders that are constant over time are removed.
Effects of Mg on the electrical characteristics and thermal stability of MgxZn1-xO thin film transistors

The effects of the Mg composition (x=0, 0.06, and 0.10) on the electrical characteristics and thermal stability of MgxZn1−xO thin film transistors (TFTs) are investigated. The Mg0.06Zn0.94O TFT shows the smallest subthreshold slope and highest field effect mobility. The O1s spectra of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the oxygen vacancies are reduced in Mg0.06Zn0.94O relative to a pure ZnO channel device. Mg0.06Zn0.94O TFTs also show higher thermal stability compared to the pure ZnO TFTs, which is mainly attributed to the suppression of oxygen vacancies in the channel.
Software Abstractions and Computational Issues in Parallel Structured Adaptive Mesh Methods for Electronic Structure Calculations

We have applied structured adaptive mesh refinement techniques to the real space solution of the Local Density Approximation (LDA) to the electronic Schrodinger equation for materials. Local spatial refinement concentrates memory resources and numerical effort where it is most needed, in regions of rapidly varying electron density near atomic centers. The structured grid representation enables us to employ efficient iterative solver techniques such as conjugate gradient with FAC multigrid preconditioning. We have parallelized our solver using an object-oriented adaptive mesh refinement framework.
The microbiologic assay of vitamins in clinical chemistry.

The examples which have been given above in the cyanocobalamin and folic acid field illustrate the usefulness of the microbiologic assay of vitamins in investigate work. The application of these methods to routine determinations will follow, once the indications for their usefulness are established. Table 7 summarizes the vitamins for which we have developed assay methods, the microorganisms used, and their sensitivity. The methods described are much simpler than they may appear to be at first sight, and they require no expensive or special equipment. They can become in due course routine procedures and will contribute to one of the lesser known chapters of clinical chemistry.
Gratitude in Education: A Radical View

Dr. Kerry Howells, teacher educator at the University of Tasmania, Australia, “first stumbled upon gratitude as a powerful learning strategy” (p. 1) while teaching a required introductory philosoph...
1p/19q testing has no significance in the workup of glioblastomas.

Aims To determine whether testing for isolated 1p or 19q losses, or as a codeletion, has any significance in the workup of glioblastomas (GBMs). Methods Upfront 1p/19q testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was done in 491 gliomas that were histologically diagnosed as GBMs. Outcomes were determined and measured against 1p/19q results. Results Twenty-eight showed apparent 1p/19q codeletion by either FISH and/or PCR-based LOH, but only 1/26 showed codeletion by both tests. Over 90% of tumours with apparent codeletion by either FISH or LOH also had 10q LOH and/or EGFR amplification, features inversely related to true whole-arm 1p/19q codeletion. Furthermore, only 1/28 tumours demonstrated an R132H IDH1 mutation. Neither 1p/19q codeletion by FISH nor LOH had an impact on GBM survival. Isolated losses of 1p or 19q also had no impact on survival. Conclusions These data suggest that (i) 1p/19q testing is not useful on gliomas that are histologically GBMs; (ii) codeletion testing should be reserved only for cases with compatible morphology; and (iii) EGFR, 10q, and IDH1 testing can help act as safeguards against a false-positive 1p/19q result.
Diblock Copolymer Reinforced Interfaces between Amorphous Polystyrene and Semicrystalline Polyethylene

The effects of molecular architecture on the fracture properties of semicrystalline polymers were probed at diblock copolymer-reinforced interfaces between polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE). The PE used for this study was a model ethylene−butene copolymer which was chosen for its compatibility with hydrogenated 1,4-polybutadiene. This compatibility allowed the use of hydrogenated poly(styrene-b-1,4-tetradeuteriobutadiene) as the block copolymer. For a series of these diblock copolymers, the areal chain density (Σ) and the molecular weight of the PE block (Mn) were varied systematically to observe their effects on the interfacial fracture energy (Gc). At low Σ, Gc stayed relatively constant, and was roughly 1 J/m2. Above a critical value of Σ, the fracture energy climbed rapidly. This critical value decreased with increasing Mn. The detection of deuterium on the fracture surfaces indicated that pullout of the PE block was the predominant failure mechanism when Mn ≤ 30 kg/mol. Only when the molecular w...
Discovery and verification of protein differences between Er positive/Her2/neu negative breast tumor tissue and matched adjacent normal breast tissue

This study was designed to quantify and identify differences in protein levels between tumor and adjacent normal breast tissue from the same breast in 18 women with stage I/II ER positive/Her2/neu negative invasive breast cancer. Eighteen separate difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) gels were run (1 gel per patient). Relative quantification was based on DIGE analysis. After excision and tryptic digestion, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and peptide mass mapping were used to identify protein spots. Two hundred and forty-three spots were differentially abundant between normal and cancer tissues. Fifty spots were identified: 41 were over abundant and nine were less abundant in cancers than in normal breast tissue. Western blotting provided independent confirmation for three of the most biologically and statistically interesting proteins. All 18 gels were replicated by another technician and 32% of the differentially abundant proteins were verified by the duplicate analysis. Follow-up studies are now examining these proteins as biomarkers in blood.
COMPOUNDS FROM THE STIGMAS OF TEN SPECIES

A B S T R A C T Extracts of the intact stigmatic surface of 10 species from different families contained little or no free sugar. The principal components of the extracts consisted of phenolic (anthocyanins, flavonoids, cinnamic acids) and lipid compounds. The phenolic compounds occurred as glycosides or esters. Phenolic compounds could inhibit insects and diseases, stimulate or inhibit pollen germination, or provide specificity to the pollen selection-germination process of the stigma by interacting with growth-regulators or related compounds. THE EXUDATE of the stigma, sometimes called the stigmatic fluid, has been assumed to be an aqueous solution of sugars that plays a role in the pollen-germination process. Because of this assumption, media to germinate pollen in vitro are invariably aqueous in nature (Brewbaker and Kwack, 1963; Linskens, 1964). Studies of the respiration of pollen during germination have been made in aqueous media (Dickinson, 1967). Blocks of agar, gelatin, and sucrose in water have been applied to the stigma to provide a germinating medium and to overcome incompatibility barriers (Swaminathan, 1955). Calcium to stimulate pollen germination was applied in an aqueous solution (Kwack, 1965). In only a few cases has the stigmatic secretion been subject to investigation. Moewus (1950) suggested that the physiological controls of heterostylic self-incompatibility of Forsythia was associated with the presence of certain flavone glycosides on the stigma. Each alternative form of the species lacked the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the compounds produced on its own style, but contained the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze compounds of the stigma of the opposite form. Baum (1950) characterized as a "resin" the thick greasy exudate of the stigmas of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann. The material was soluble in acetic acid but not in water, alcohol, or ether. Vasil and Johri (1964) found lipid compounds in the stigmatic secretions of Aegle marmelos Corr. and Pavonia zeylanica Cav. Konar and Linskens (1966) suggested that the oily exudate (chiefly esters of fatty acids) of the stigma of Petunia controlled the osmotic relations of the germinating pollen. This study of readily removed substances of the stigmatic surface was initiated after a series of wide cross-pollinations among unrelated plants had shown that pollen germinates only rarely on the stigmas of unrelated species (Martin, unpublished). In contrast, many pollens germinate
Zirconium Complexes That Contain a Diamido O-Donor Ligand with a Restricted Geometry

Addition of LiNH(2,6-Me2C6H3) (LiNHAr‘) to cis-2,5-bis((tosyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran gave cis-2,5-(Ar‘NHCH2)2(C4H6O) (H2[1]). The reaction between Zr(NMe2)4 and H2[1] yielded [1]Zr(NMe2)2, from which [1]ZrCl2 and [1]ZrMe2 were prepared readily. An unsymmetric relative of H2[1], cis-2,5-(Ar‘NHCH2)(ArNHCH2)(C4H6O) (H2[2]; Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3), was also prepared via the imine of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furaldehyde. Cations of the type {[1]ZrMe(PhNMe2)}[B(C6F5)4] and {[2]ZrMe(PhNMe2)}[B(C6F5)4], prepared in the reaction between the dimethyl species and [PhNHMe2][B(C6F5)4], could be observed and were stable toward exchange of free and coordinated dimethylaniline on the NMR time scale, while cations prepared in the reaction between the dimethyl species and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] did not have interpretable NMR spectra and appeared to be relatively unstable. Nevertheless, poly(1-hexene) that had a molecular weight approximately equal to the amount employed (up to 500 equiv) could be prepared by employing the latter at 0 °C ...
Evaluating tradeoffs of congestion pricing for voice calls

We conducted user experiments and simulations to understand the tradeoffs of congestion pricing between system performance and user satisfaction for a large community of users. We found that congestion pricing can be effective for voice calls because it only needs to be applied occasionally and that users are responsive to occasional price increases.
Effects of Ownership Structure, Firm Performance, Size and Diversification Strategy on CEO Compensation: A Path Analysis

The study developed and tested a model that attempts to describe the influence of ownership structure, diversification strategy, firm size and firm performance on CEO compensation. Results based on data from a cross‐sectional set of 216 Fortune 500 firms suggested that firm size, ownership structure and diversification strategy affect CEO compensation through the mediating effects of firm performance.
Blunted hormone responses to ipsapirone are associated with trait impulsivity in personality disorder patients

Impulsive aggression is associated with central serotonergic dysfunction. Animal models particularly implicate the 5-HT1A receptor in this behavior. We tested the hypothesis that central 5-HT1A receptor function is impaired in impulsive aggressive personality disorder patients. A total of 52 individuals with DSM-III-R personality disorders, all medically healthy adult outpatients without concurrent psychiatric medication treatment, underwent serial plasma cortisol, prolactin, and temperature measurements before and after ipsapirone 20 mg oral administration. Subjects completed self-report measures of impulsivity, hostility, depression and anxiety, and childhood maltreatment. Stepwise regression analysis revealed impulsivity alone among symptom measures to be associated with significantly decreased peak cortisol and prolactin responses. Diagnoses of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and intermittent explosive disorder-revised (IED-R) were associated with significantly increased and decreased cortisol responses, respectively. However, post hoc analyses indicated that impulsivity was significantly negatively correlated with cortisol responses in the BPD group, and may mediate the association of both BPD and IED-R with altered cortisol responses. Temperature response was associated with neither diagnostic nor symptom measures. Neither diagnostic nor dimensional measures of depression or anxiety, nor severity of childhood maltreatment, were significantly associated with cortisol, prolactin, or temperature responses. Impulsivity is related to impaired function at (or downstream to) postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, and this relationship may be partly responsible for the association of impaired serotonergic function with diagnoses such as BPD and IED-R. In addition, D2 receptor dysfunction may play a role in impulsivity, whereas 5-HT1A cell-body autoreceptor function may be spared in these disorders.
The Routledge Companion to Accounting History

The Routledge Companion to Accounting History, edited by John Richard Edwards and Stephen P. Walker, London, Routledge, 2009, xvii + 619pp., £125.00, ISBN 978-0-415-41094-6 The editors’ aim in comp...
Tests of the four-segment model for binary hydroorganic systems

Abstract Two data sets for the excess molar volumes of 1-propanol—water mixtures at 25°C were taken from the literature and used as a basis for exploring the scope and limitations of the four-segment model for binary hydroorganic systems. The various analyses that this investigation involved also furnished an opportunity to evaluate the potential utility of an automatic densimetry procedure that is described in the literature.
Spectrophotometric estimation of microgram amounts of sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T) and sodium N-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (chloramine-B)

Abstract A novel ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the assay of microgram amounts (1–80 μg/ml) of CAT and CAB in aqueous solution has been developed. The method is highly sensitive, simple, and rapid within the limits of the experimental conditions described. The present method is also applicable for the determination of these two compounds present in a mixture since they have identical λ max and nearly the same ξ mmax . The ultraviolet spectra of the compounds have been presented and the values of λ max and ξ ax are reported.
The effect of phleomycin on poliovirus RNA replication.

Abstract Phleomycin inhibits poliovirus-specific RNA synthesis in HeLa cells when added within the first 90 min after infection; but when it is added at later times in the infectious cycle, the rate of poliovirus RNA synthesis remains unchanged initially, although there is a reduction in the maximal level of RNA made. Treatment with guanidine for 1 hour prior to adding phleomycin prevents phleomycin from exerting its full inhibitory effect. The mode of action of phleomycin might be to bind to poliovirus RNA early in the infectious cycle or to prevent the synthesis of some virus-specific protein necessary for RNA replication.
The mixing transition in Rayleigh-Taylor instability

A large-eddy simulation technique is described for computing Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The method is based on high-wavenumber-preserving subgrid-scale models, combined with high-resolution numerical methods. The technique is verified to match linear stability theory and validated against direct numerical simulation data. The method is used to simulate Rayleigh-Taylor instability at a grid resolution of 1152 3 . The growth rate is found to depend on the mixing rate. A mixing transition is observed in the flow, during which an inertial range begins to form in the velocity spectrum and the rate of growth of the mixing zone is temporarily reduced. By measuring growth of the layer in units of dominant initial wavelength, criteria are established for reaching the hypothetical self-similar state of the mixing layer. A relation is obtained between the rate of growth of the mixing layer and the net mass flux through the plane associated with the initial location of the interface. A mix-dependent Atwood number is defined, which correlates well with the entrainment rate, suggesting that internal mixing reduces the layer's growth rate
Immunology: Starve a fever, feed the microbiota

A study finds that the cells lining the gut are modified in response to systemic infection, increasing the host's tolerance to infection in a manner that is dependent on the microorganisms that inhabit the gut. See Letter p.638 A healthy gut microbiota is important for the host's well being, so it would make sense for host resources to be expended to protect 'good' microbes during a systemic response to infection. L-fucosylation could be such a resource: L-fucose attached to glycoproteins and glycolipids is accessible for microbial, but not for host energy harvest. Joseph Pickard et al. show that systemic exposure to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands induces fucosylation of the small intestine epithelium via a dendritic cell and interleukin-22 (IL-22) dependent mechanism. Some of the fucose is shed into the intestinal lumen where it provides nourishment for the microbiota, and contributes to the production of short-chain fatty acids, which are beneficial for the host.
A biomechanical study of distal radial fractures

In an attempt to explain disability in dorsally angulated malunited distal radius fractures, an experiment was designed to evaluate load patterns about the wrist with varying degrees of dorsal angulation of the distal radius. Osteotomies were made in the distal radius of fresh cadaver arms after a modified external fixator was applied to the radius and load cells applied to the proximal radius and ulna. Pressure-sensitive film was inserted into the radioulnar carpal joint. After a predetermined load was applied to the wrist it was found that the load through the ulna increased from 21 % to 67 % of the total load as the angulation of the distal radial fragment increased from 10° of palmar tilt to 45° of dorsal tilt. The pressure distribution on the ulnar and radial articular surfaces changed in position and became more concentrated as dorsal angulation increased.
Anatomical evidence for low frequency sensitivity in an archaeocete whale: comparison of the inner ear of Zygorhiza kochii with that of crown Mysticeti

The evolution of hearing in cetaceans is a matter of current interest given that odontocetes (toothed whales) are sensitive to high frequency sounds and mysticetes (baleen whales) are sensitive to low and potentially infrasonic noises. Earlier diverging stem cetaceans (archaeocetes) were hypothesized to have had either low or high frequency sensitivity. Through CT scanning, the morphology of the bony labyrinth of the basilosaurid archaeocete Zygorhiza kochii is described and compared to novel information from the inner ears of mysticetes, which are less known than the inner ears of odontocetes. Further comparisons are made with published information for other cetaceans. The anatomy of the cochlea of Zygorhiza is in line with mysticetes and supports the hypothesis that Zygorhiza was sensitive to low frequency noises. Morphological features that support the low frequency hypothesis and are shared by Zygorhiza and mysticetes include a long cochlear canal with a high number of turns, steeply graded curvature of the cochlear spiral in which the apical turn is coiled tighter than the basal turn, thin walls separating successive turns that overlap in vestibular view, and reduction of the secondary bony lamina. Additional morphology of the vestibular system indicates that Zygorhiza was more sensitive to head rotations than extant mysticetes are, which likely indicates higher agility in the ancestral taxon.
Fiber Optic Immunochemical Sensors For Continuous Monitoring Of Hapten Concentrations

We describe a fiber optic sensor based on a homogeneous fluorescence energy transfer immunoassay which operates in a continuous, reversible manner to quantitate the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin. B-phycoerythrin-phenytoin and Texas Red labeled anti-phenytoin antibody were sealed inside a short length of cellulose dialysis tubing which was cemented to the distal end of an optical fiber. When the sensor was placed into a solution of phenytoin, the drug crossed the dialysis membrane, displaced a fraction of the B-phycoerythrin-phenytoin from the antibody, and produced a change in fluorescence signal which was measured with a fiber optic fluorometer. The sensor had a concentration response of 5 to 500μmo1/L phenytoin with a response time of 5 to 15 min and precision of <2.5% CV. The chemical kinetics of the antibody-hapten indicator reaction were modeled mathematically and simulation showed that response time in the minutes range can be achieved when the dissociation rate constant is greater than approximately 10-3 sec-1. The dissociation rate constant influences the time to reach equilibrium and the unbound P* concentration range available for instrumental measurement. The ratio of the labeled and unlabeled hapten dissociation rate constants influences the analyte concentration range to which the sensor will respond.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A model of Cr in GaAs

Abstract We have developed a model of Cr in GaAs which is consistent with a large body of experimental data. It relies or recent spectroscopic models and on our interpretation of redistribution and electrical data, all of which indicate the existence of Cr complexes. The existence of rapidly diffusing interstitial Cr donors is assumed and justified. The model offers a unified picture of the effects of implantation on the Cr profile. It contains mechanisms for compensation and redistribution, which offer an explanation of the semi-insulating properties of Cr doped GaAs and of the two apparently incompatible classes of diffusion and anneal data. The redistribution depends on how the Cr was incorporated and on the vacancy concentration profiles. A study of representatives of the two classes of redistribution data allows us to estimate a lower limit of interstitial Cr diffusion constant and of the vacancy diffusion lengths in GaAs.
Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in BALB/c mice

Abstract The effects of feeding a diet rich in omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids on immune cell prostaglandin production and cytotoxic activity before and after a viral challenge were studied in female BALB/c mice. Weanling mice were fed purified diets containing either 10% by weight corn oil (CO), 10% linseed oil (LO), or 8% menhaden oil+2% corn oil mix (FO) for 8–12 weeks. The LO diet provided 5.6 g/kg of 18:3n-3 and the FO diet 1.6 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, respectively. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in the unchallenged FO-fed mice was significantly lower than in CO-fed mice. Seven days after a viral challenge, cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) activity by splenocytes and peritoneal exudate cells from LO-fed mice was higher compared to CO and FO-fed mice. The feeding of n-3 rich diets significantly influenced the number of cells obtained from the spleen and peritoneum. Splenocyte prostaglandin E and F production was decreased by over 70% in both the LO and FO-fed, compared to CO-fed mice. The fatty acid profile of total lipids from serum and splenocytes reflected the relative n-6 and n-3 composition of the dietary fats. In summary, dietary n-3 fatty acids significantly influenced CMC activity of immune cells. Alterations in immune cell PG production do not seem to explain these differences in CMC activity. Changes in the fatty acid composition of immune cells may be an important factor.
Clinical variant of familial amyloid polyneuropathy

Hereditary amyloidosis with early and prominent peripheral nerve involvement is often designated familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). The abnormality usually lies in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We describe a patient with a tyr77 TTR gene mutation who presented with sensorimotor polyneuropathy but no other systemic symptoms of amyloidosis. This is one of a few documented cases of the tyr77 mutation in North America. The clinical and electrophysiologic features of this unusual cause of sensorimotor polyneuropathy are discussed.
Folate-targeted, Anionic Liposome-entrapped Polylysine-condensed DNA for Tumor Cell-specific Gene Transfer

We have developed a lipidic gene transfer vector, LPDII, where DNA was first complexed to polylysine at a ratio of 1:0.75 (w/w) and then entrapped into folate-targeted pH-sensitive anionic liposomes composed of dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/cholesteryl hemisuccinate/folate-polyethlene glycol-DOPE (6:4:0.01 mol/mol) via charge interaction. LPDII transfection of KB cells, a cell line overexpressing the tumor marker folate receptor, was affected by both the lipid to DNA ratio and the lipid composition. At low lipid to DNA ratios (e.g. 4 and 6), LPDII particles were positively charged; transfection and cellular uptake levels were independent of the folate receptor and did not require a pH-sensitive lipid composition. Meanwhile, transfection and uptake of negatively charged LPDII particles, i.e. those with high lipid to DNA ratios (e.g. 10 and 12), were folate receptor-dependent and required a pH-sensitive lipid composition. The transfection activity of LPDII was lost when the inverted cone-shaped DOPE was replaced by dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine. LPDII particles with lipid to DNA ratios of 4, 6, 10, and 12 were ~20-30 times more active than DNA•3-β-[N-(N′,N′-dimethylethane)carbamoyl]cholesterol cationic liposome complexes in KB cells and were much less cytotoxic. On the sucrose gradient, LPDII particles had a migration rate in between those of the free DNA and the DNA•polylysine complex. An electron micrograph of LPDII showed a structure of spherical particles with a positively stained core enclosed in a lipidic envelope with a mean diameter of 74 ± 14 nm. This novel gene transfer vector may potentially be useful in gene therapy for tumor-specific delivery.