cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A SAUDADE E OS SAUDOSISTAS – UMA REVISITAÇÃO DA POLÉMICA ENTRE ANTÓNIO SÉRGIO E TEIXEIRA DE PASCOAES

questao da saudade e, nas letras portuguesas, mais do que um simples contencioso reduzido a um circulo restrito e supostamente inconsequente de intelectuais e literatos. A intervencao de Antonio Sergio provocando uma famosa polemica com Teixeira de Pascoaes revela desde logo a extensao e ramificacoes da problematica em causa. Uma revisitacao dos oito textos que documentam a referida polemica nao apenas ajudara a fundamentar a afirmacao acima, mas permitira tambem elaborar um perfil ideologico ou, se quisermos, um esboco da mundividencia dos dois pensadores, para alem de nos permitir saborear uma boa polemica portuguesa, que nao deslizou para o insulto pessoal dentro daquela tradicao de que Camilo Castelo Branco constituiu apogeu e paladino. Quando o debate deflagrou era ja bem conhecido do publico erudito portugues o ideario de Teixeira de Pascoaes explanado em livros e publicacoes diversas, sobretudo na revista A Aguia, orgao da Nova Renascenca e promotor de um movimento intelectual e artistico destinado a fazer renascer o espirito portugues atolado numa decadencia de tres seculos ja diagnosticada por Ribeiro da Silva, Alexandre Herculano, Antero de Quental e outros. Antonio Sergio, consciente do peso que, por sua vez, tinha tambem atingido na vida intelectual portuguesa, intervem com plena consciencia do potencial efeito demolidor das suas palavras; Teixeira de Pascoaes, ao responder-lhe, nao menos reconhece a seriedade do golpe desferido por Sergio nos seu planos de construcao de um ideario galvanizador do espirito nacional. Sergio age como cirurgiao perspicaz que diagnostica o mal do seu doente e o leva a mesa das operacoes efetuando um corte fundo e certeiro no local A SAUDADE E OS SAUDOSISTAS UMA REVISITACAO DA POLEMICA ENTRE ANTONIO SERGIO E TEIXEIRA DE PASCOAES
Sequential design including initial experimental runs for a kinetic study of propylene oxidation

A sequential design strategy for selecting experimental runs to obtain model discrimination and precise parameter estimation is tested via a simulation study of propylene oxidation kinetics. The strategy is used to design all runs including the preliminary ones which were arbitrarily chosen by earlier researchers. To design initial runs, crude initial parameter guesses may be used in the rival models until least squares estimates can be calculated. Even under conditions of very bad initial guesses and high error variances, this procedure selects whichever model is the correct one and estimates with precision its parameters, in fewer runs than previously reported. On a teste par simulation des cinetiques d'oxydation du propylene une strategie de calcul sequentiel pour la selection des essais experimentaux en vue d'obtenir une discrimination des modeles et une estimation precise des parametres. Cette strategie est utilistee pour concevoir tous les essais, y compris les premiers, choisis arbitrairement par d'autres chercheurs. Pour concevoir les essais initiaux, on peut faire appel a des estimations approximatives de parametres initiales dans les modeles concurrents jusqu'a ce que les estimations au sens des moindres carrees puissent etre calculees. Me en cas d'estimations initiales tres mauvaises et de variances d'erreurs importantes, cette methode permet de selectionner quel sera le bon modele et d'estimer avec precision ses parametres, et ce avec moins d'essais que mentionnes jusque la.
Aortic Stenosis and Statins More Evidence of “Pleotropy”?

Aortic stenosis (AS) is a relatively common cause of cardiac debility and death, increasing in frequency and severity with age; indeed, AS of at least moderate severity may affect almost 8% of people ≥75 years of age.1 The natural history of AS is dependent on the myocardial response to the abnormal left ventricular pressure load caused by the stenotic valve, involving cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, hyperproduction of extracellular matrix collagen by cardiac fibroblasts, and other alterations in myocardial biology. When these changes become critically severe, symptoms develop (angina pectoris, syncope, exertional dyspnea, and other manifestations of pulmonary vascular congestion) followed predictably by cardiac death at an annual rate of 25% unless aortic valve replacement surgery is performed. See page 592 The basis of the lifesaving effect of aortic valve replacement is clear: the ventricular myocardium is unloaded, enabling myocardial remodeling toward normal, generally with recovery of normal myocardial performance.2 A more satisfactory solution than surgery would be prevention of the stenotic process itself. To achieve this goal, the pathophysiology …
Active Stiffness of the Intact Canine Left Ventricle WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Three methods were employed to measure the overall active stiffness of the intact left ventricle in anesthetized dogs. In two of these, isovolumic contractions of the ventricle were examined, and in the third the response to a minor increase in afterload was analyzed. The average modulus of active stiffness of the normal left ventricle by all three methods was found to be lower than that reported for the cat papillary muscle (57-76%). Myocardial infarction studied 1 hour and 2 to 3 weeks following ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery did not alter active stiffness of the left ventricle. When sufficient time had elapsed, however, for complete scarring and thinning of the infarction to occur, active stiffness was significantly reduced. It is suggested that a functional defect of the overall active stiffness (series elasticity) of the ventricle may be operative in the pathogenesis of congestive failure due to ventricular aneurysm.
Levinas, Latin American Thought and the Futures of Translational Ethics

This article underscores the relevance of the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas to contemporary discussions of translational ethics, especially with respect to contemplations of the discipline’s future. It posits thinking of the future as an ethical imperative against the historical backdrop of the Holocaust and other human ethical crises. Despite the foreclosure of utopian thinking that such a context might imply, there are nonetheless other modes of imagining translation in other terms, whether “des-inter-essement,” cross-identification, or other forms of transcultural ethical consciousness. The discussion is highlighted by examples from Latin American literature, liberation philosophy and anthropology, as well as from the historical trajectory of the discipline of translation studies from the 1970’s to the present.
Emission Estimates for a High Viscosity Crude Oil Surface Impoundment: 1. Field Measurements for Heat Transfer Model Validation

Air pollution in California is an environmental problem which has led to much legislation and regulation in the past few decades. A pollutant of major concern is ozone, which is a product of the photochemical reactions of hydrocarbons and NOx in the atmosphere. The primary sources of these reactants in metropolitan areas are mobile sources — automobiles, trucks, and buses. However, in the relatively rural area of the southern San Joaquin valley in Kern County the primary source of atmospheric hydrocarbons is the oil production industry. The scope of the pollution problem in this region is large and ozone standards set by both the EPA and the state are routinely exceeded.
Bounds for effective properties of multimaterial two-dimensional conducting composites

Abstract The paper suggests exact bounds for the effective conductivity of an isotropic multimaterial composite, which depend only on isotropic conductivities of the mixed materials and their volume fractions. These bounds refine Hashin–Shtrikman and Nesi bounds in the region of parameters where they are loose. The bounds by polyconvex envelope are modifies by taking into account the range of fields in optimal structures. The bounds are a solution of a formulated finite-dimensional constrained optimization problem. For three-material composites, bounds for effective conductivity are found in an explicit form. Three-material isotropic microstructures of extremal conductivity are found. It is shown that they realize the bounds for all values of conductivities and volume fractions. Optimal structures are laminates of a finite rank. They vary with the volume fractions and experience two topological transitions: For large values of m 1 , the domain of material with minimal conductivity is connected, for intermediate values of m 1 , no material forms a connected domain, and for small values of m 1 , the domain intermediate material is connected.
Antineuroblastoma Activity of Desferoxamine in Human Cell Lines

That ferritin, an iron storage protein, can be produced by neuroblastoma cells raises the possibility that iron may have some role in promoting tumor cell growth. To explore this possibility, we studied the effects of desferoxamine, a compound which chelates iron, on viability of CHP 126 and CHP 100, two human neuroblastoma cell lines. Cells (5 X 10(4)) were incubated with graded amounts of desferoxamine or ferrioxamine, an iron-saturated analogue of desferoxamine. Within 5 days of exposure to 60 microM desferoxamine, approximately 90% of cells from each of these cell lines were dead. This effect was dose dependent, was not seen with ferrioxamine, and could be prevented by coincubation with greater than stoichiometric amounts of ferric citrate. As determined by binding of OK-T9, desferoxamine also resulted in increased expression of receptors for transferrin, an iron transport protein. Desferoxamine had only minimal effects on viability of several non-neuroblastoma cell lines. These results suggest that iron is required for growth of neuroblastoma and that desferoxamine has potent, specific, antineuroblastoma activity in vitro.
Estradiol abrogates apoptosis in breast cancer cells through inactivation of BAD: Ras-dependent nongenomic pathways requiring signaling through ERK and Akt.

Estrogens such as 17-β estradiol (E2) play a critical role in sporadic breast cancer progression and decrease apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our studies using estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 cel...
Nanocharacterization of creep behavior of multiwall carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposite

Abstract High temperature instrumented indentation testing was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposite system. Reference neat epoxy samples were also tested and compared with the results obtained for the nanocomposite. The nanoindentation creep tests were utilized to provide the creep strain rate sensitivity parameter, the contact creep compliance and the time-dependent deformation under constant loads. Different thermo-mechanical conditions comprising three temperatures of 25, 40 and 55 °C and three loads of 1, 2 and 3 mN were utilized. The improvements in the properties were not as high as anticipated through the use of mixture rule, indicating insufficient dispersion. However, variations in modulus, hardness and creep strain rate sensitivity parameter obtained using nanoindentation showed quantifiable differences between the MWCNTs nanocomposite and epoxy specimens. The comparison of the creep strain rate sensitivity A/d (0) from short term, 60 s, creep tests and the creep compliance J ( t ) from the long term, 1800 s, creep tests suggests that former parameter is a more useful comparative creep parameter than the creep compliance. The analysis of the creep strain rate sensitivity clearly revealed that the addition of MWCNTs to a commercial epoxy reduced the creep rate. This reduction of creep rate sensitivity parameter was observed particularly at thermal environments just below the glass transition temperature.
Binding of Polycarboxylic Acids to Cationic Mixed Micelles: Effects of Polymer Counterion Binding and Polyion Charge Distribution.

Abstract Mixed micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and n-dodecyl hexaoxyethylene glycol monoether (C 12 E 8 ) bind to polyanions when the mole fraction of the cationic surfactant exceeds a critical value ( Y c ). Y c corresponds to a critical micelle surface charge density at which polyelectrolyte will bind to this colloidal particle. Turbidimetric titrations were used to determine Y c for such cationic-nonionic micelles in the presence of acrylic acid and acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate homopolymers (PAA and PAMPS, respectively) and their copolymers with acrylamide, as function of pH, ionic strength, and polyelectrolyte counterion. In 0.20 M NaCl, Y c for PAA is found to be remarkably insensitive to pH, i.e., virtually independent of the apparent polymer charge density ξ app . On the other hand, the expected inverse relationship between Y c and ξ app is observed either for PAA when NaCl is replaced by TMACl (tetramethylammonium chloride), or when ξ app is manipulated using acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers at high pH. The effective charge density of PAA is thus seen to be suppressed by specific sodium ion binding, indicating that the influence of salts on the interaction of polycarboxylic acids with colloidal particles may differ qualitatively from their effect on the analogous behavior of strong polyanions. Comparisons between homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid were carried out also to test the hypothesis that the “mobility” of charges on PAA at moderate pH (degree of ionization less than unity) could make this “annealed” polymer exhibit the behavior of a more highly charged one. The results, while consistent with this expectation, were obscured by the likely effect of copolymer sequence distributions.
Interactions Required for Binding of Simian Virus 40 T Antigen to the Viral Origin and Molecular Modeling of Initial Assembly Events

The purified T-antigen origin binding domain binds site specifically to site II, the central region of the simian virus 40 core origin. However, in the context of full-length T antigen, the origin binding domain interacts poorly with DNA molecules containing just site II. Here we investigate the contributions of additional core origin regions, termed the flanking sequences, to origin recognition and the assembly of T-antigen hexamers and double hexamers. Results from these studies indicate that in addition to site-specific binding of the T-antigen origin binding domain to site II, T-antigen assembly requires non-sequence-specific interactions between a basic finger in the helicase domain and particular flanking sequences. Related studies demonstrate that the assembly of individual hexamers is coupled to the distortions in the proximal flanking sequence. In addition, the point in the double-hexamer assembly process that is regulated by phosphorylation of threonine 124, the sole posttranslational modification required for initiation of DNA replication, was further analyzed. Finally, T-antigen structural information is used to model various stages of T-antigen assembly on the core origin and the regulation of this process.
Head‐up Tilt Testing Predicts Syncope During Ventricular Tachycardia in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) programming is usually based on results of supine electrophysiological (EP) testing. However, EP testing does not provide any information about tolerance to ICD therapy in the upright posture. We hypothesized that in addition to the arrhythmia duration and ventricular tachycardia (VT) cycle length, cerebral perfusion may play a role in determining tolerance to tiered ICD therapy. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and cerebral venous oxygen saturation (rCVOS) are relatively new noninvasive techniques that may be used to assess dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism during VT. Sixteen patients with pace-terminable VT and ICDs underwent supine (S) and upright tilt (HUT) ICD testing in conjunction with TCD and rCVOS monitoring. ICDs were programmed to deliver antitachycardia pacing, cardioversion, and defibrillation for VT, in the ascending order of aggressivity. Despite no significant differences in the induced VT cycle length (320 ± 100 msec, S, vs 330 ± 90 msec, HUT) and VT duration (14.6 ± 6.7 sec, S, vs 17 ± 9.2 sec, HUT), cerebral perfusion was more significantly impared during HUT (21 ± 10 [S] vs 29 ± 7% decrease from baseline [HUT], P < 0.001), and rCVOS decreased from baseline (5 ± 6 [S] vs 10 ± 6 [HUT] %, P < 0.001). Five of 16 patients experienced syncope during HUT and none during supine testing. At 1-year follow-up five patients who experienced syncope during HUT experienced at least one episode of syncope, whereas none not so identified did. We conclude that: (1) Supine ICD testing is insufficient to predict individual patient tolerance to ICD therapy; (2) HUT testing predicts tolerance to ICD therapy; and (3) noninvasive neuromonitoring techniques are useful for assessment of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during ICD testing.
Production of powder coatings with defined particle size distribution by grinding and inline classification

Abstract The optical and functional properties of powder coatings depend on the particle size distribution of the powder. The production steps for powder paint are mixing and extrusion of the raw material, cooling, pre-crushing and grinding. Depending on the requirements, the ground material is either collected in a cyclone or an inline classifier. In order to be able to produce different product qualities, the classifier should allow to vary the size distribution easily in a wide range. In that context, the second generation of a newly developed inline classifier as well as typical results applying the actual grinding and classifying technology will be presented. Finally, it will be shown to what extent the size distribution of the powder paint effects the application process and the quality of the coating.
Natural Selection as a Genetic Tool for Improving Hatchability in Turkeys

Abstract HATCHABILITY problems in heavy breeds of domestic turkeys have been recognized by numerous investigators. Artificial selection has been the conventional tool for seeking genetic-based improvement in this trait, while the potential value of natural selection has been little explored. The research reported here was designed to test the hypothesis that genetic change can be achieved directly through natural selection—accelerated by temperature-stress incubation. Natural selection, implemented through stress-incubation conditions, was evaluated in this study on the basis of its promoting survival of the more vigorous individuals at the embryonic level. The optimum incubational temperature for turkeys has been reported by Taylor (1949) as 99 to 100 degrees F., depending on the type of incubator used. Pringle (1937) investigated critical periods of embryo mortality in chickens using incubational temperatures of 99 and 102 degrees F. He found that the first critical period was on the third day for both temperatures, and…
Law in American History (Chapter 2)

This is Chapter Two of Law in American History: Volume One, From the Colonial Years Through the Civil War.The book’s purpose is to explore the relationship of law to some central themes of American history from the initial colonial settlements through the conclusion of the Civil War. The themes singled out in the book include the displacement of Amerindian tribes from land they occupied on the North American continent; the emergence of agricultural householding as the principal form of family life in colonial British America; the detachment of the American colonies from the British Empire and the theories of sovereignty and grievance that accompanied that development; the evolution of American forms of government from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution; the emergence of the Supreme Court of the United States as a major institution of American grievance; the westward movement of enterprise and population in the decades between the 1830’s and the 1850’s; the central role of slavery and westward expansion and the gradual dissolution of the Union during these decades; and the role of the Civil War as a culmination of the central themes of early American history and as a force in transforming the subsequent course of that history.
Multiscale damage characterization in continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites using digital image correlation

Damage in continuous fiber CMCs with weakly bonded fiber–matrix interfaces evolves in several stages that span multiple length scales. Comprehensive damage characterization necessitates identifying how damage initiates as well as how it accumulates (through final failure), which is not feasible with information gathered from a single length scale. Using digital image correlation to measure full-field surface deformations, damage evolutions in continuous fiber SiC/SiC laminates were analyzed at three distinct length scales: constituent, lamina, and laminate. Constituent scale analyses indicated that fine matrix cracks initiated in localized regions of transverse fiber coatings at low stresses. Investigations at the larger lamina scale revealed that some, but not all, of the coating cracks evolved into matrix cracks, the propagation of which was dependent on the state of stress near the crack tip and the local microstructure. Many of these matrix cracks morphed into cracks large enough to be detected at the (largest) laminate scale. The density of the large matrix cracks increased with load, reaching saturation prior to failure. While the constituent scale identifies when (with respect to stress state) and where (with respect to local microstructure) damage initiates, the lamina scale elucidates damage progression between neighboring constituents. Only laminate scale fields of view are large enough to capture the accumulation of the large matrix cracks that ultimately lead to final fracture. However, as spatial resolution is reduced at this scale, finer cracks (which may provide pathways for environmental ingress) go undetected. As each length scale provides a unique perspective of damage evolution in CMCs, multiscale analysis is essential for comprehensive damage characterization.
Species differences in the expression of multiple tyrosine hydroxylase protein isoforms

In subprimates, a single form of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is expressed, whereas two TH protein isoforms have been identified in monkeys and four isoforms have been demonstrated in humans. In order to establish the evolutionary pattern/emergence of these multiple TH isoforms, adrenal medullae from different mammalian species were analyzed by blot immunolabeling using pan-specific TH antibodies and antibodies specific to each of the four human TH isoforms. The expression of multiple TH isoforms was primate specific and restricted to anthropoids: only a single TH isoform was detected in adrenal medullae from several subprimate and prosimian species (six species from four families), while two TH isoforms were found in all of the anthropoid species studied. The presence of four TH isoforms could only be demonstrated in human specimens. Contrary to previous suggestions, only one TH protein isoform was found in rats and only four TH protein isoforms were found in humans.
Correlation of Cell Surface Features with Progesterone Secretion in Rat Granulosa Cell Cultures

The surface ultrastructure of rat granulosa cells in culture was studied and correlated with progesterone secretion. Granulosa cells were harvested from pregnant mares’ serum-Iuteinizing hormone (PMS-LH) treated immature female rats and cultured on glass coverslips in Leighton tubes. Progesterone secretion as measured by specific radioimmunoassay and cell surface morphology utilizing routine procedures were studied in rat granulosa cell cultures under varying stimulatory and inhibitory conditions. Cultures maintained without exogenous hormones added to the culture medium (controls) secreted relatively low levels of progesterone throughout a 2-12 day culture period. The surface morphology of these cells was characterized by numerous smooth surfaced blebs. All cells regardless of hormone stimulation exhibited a centric clump of smooth surfaced blebs. The cell borders of control granulosa cells exhibited numerous slender filopodia and occasional ruffles. Granulosa cells cultured in the presence of rat prolactin (rPRL) or human placental lactogen (hPL) secreted enhanced levels of progesterone. The cell surface morphology of this group was characterized by smooth surfaced blebs which were fewer in number than control cultures. Stimulated granulosa cells had many more microvilli than control cells did. Filopodia were few in number, or in most cases entirely absent. Granulosa cells cultured in the presence of prolactin plus cyanoketone (CK, an enzyme inhibitor of progesterone biosynthesis) secreted very low levels of progesterone. Three methods chosen to test cell viability from the CK treated group a) trypan blue exclusion, b) l’4C1-glucose uptake and metabolism to ‘4C02 and c) restimulation of inhibted cultures following removal of cyanoketone treated granulosa cells possessed a few smooth surfaced blebs. Filopodia were fewer in number than they were in controls. The appearance of microvilli on the surface of prolactin stimulated rat granulosa cells in culture was the single most striking surface feature which could be correlated with increased progesterone
Multispectral imaging of tablets in blister packaging

This experiment tested the hypothesis that using near-infrared (IR) imaging spectrometry on tablets through blister packs permits the identification and composition of multiple individual tablets to be determined simultaneously. Aspirin was selected for this study because its breakdown mechanism is well understood. Near-IR cameras were used to collect thousands of spectra simultaneously from a field of packaged aspirin tablets. Tablets were selected by a principal component analysis selection alogorithm. Graphs of the columns of the transformation matrix showed that salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid in the samples were modeled by the principal components. The bootstrap error-adjusted single-sample technique chemometric-imaging algorithm was used to draw probability-density contour plots that revealed tablet composition. Choice of color was used to represent constituent identity, whereas intensity represented concentration. The percentage of usable pixels in the indium antimonide (InSb) array was 99.9%. The SEP was 0.06% of the tablet mass for both water uptake and salicylic acid production. The number of tablets that a typical near-IR camera can currently analyze simultaneously was also estimated to be approximately 1300.
Monocyte adhesion to balloon-injured arteries: The influence of endothelial cell seeding☆☆☆★

Objective: Deendothelialization of injuries of the artery disrupts normal vascular homeostasis, affecting both the structural integrity of the blood vessel wall, as well as the interaction of the arterial surface with blood components such as platelets, leukocytes, and circulating proteins. Leukocyte and, in particular, monocyte recruitment to damaged vessels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia. We hypothesize that reendothelialization is an important modulator of monocyte adhesion to healing arterial surfaces. Methods: New Zealand white rabbits (n = 20) were subjected to bilateral iliofemoral artery balloon injury. Cultured, autologous venous endothelial cells (ECs) were immediately seeded onto one vessel, whereas the contralateral artery received medium alone, to accelerate endothelial relining. Vessels were harvested (5-9 days after injury) for analysis of permeability (Evans Blue dye exclusion), endothelial coverage (anti-CD31 immunohistochemistry), monocyte adhesion (ex vivo binding of 51Na2CrO4-labeled monocytic THP-1 cells), and monocyte recruitment (RAM-11 immunohistochemistry). Results: Improved EC coverage was evidenced by positive staining for CD31 in the seeded vessels. Vessel wall permeability was markedly reduced in EC-seeded arteries (29% ± 10% vs 99% ± 0% surface Evans blue staining, P < .005), consistent with restoration of a functional endothelial barrier. EC seeding significantly reduced ex vivo THP-1 binding to vessels explanted at a mean of 8 days after injury (45,170 ± 8939 vs 85,994 ± 16,500 cells/cm2, P < .05). However, RAM-11 staining revealed no significant difference in overall macrophage accumulation between seeded and control vessels 1 week after injury (111 ± 22 vs 95 ± 14 cells/section, P = .36). Conclusions: Immediate seeding of a balloon-injured rabbit artery with cultured ECs results in accelerated restoration of the endothelial lining. At 1 week, barrier function is improved, and the seeded vessel surface is less adhesive to activated monocytes ex vivo, as compared with injured controls. Nonetheless, EC-seeded and nonseeded arteries demonstrate similar total macrophage accumulation over 1 week. These data suggest that after mechanical arterial injury, endothelial coverage may be one important variable influencing leukocyte adhesion. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:1247-54.)
Approximate Performance Analysis of Wireless Ultraviolet Links

The wireless ultraviolet (UV) communication technology has received great attention for either short-range high data-rate services or medium-to-large range low-rate sensing applications. However, performance of a UV link is limited by multiple constraints from the current UV laser source and detector technology, and atmospheric link conditions. This paper analyzes performance of both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) UV links in terms of signal to noise ratio and bit error rate of the detector. Roles of different parameters, such as data rate, communication range, transmitter power, beam and focal angle, receiving angle and field of view, are studied. Receiving powers for two typical links demonstrate square and linear decaying laws with respect to the communication range respectively. Compared with an LOS link, an NLOS link significantly degrades detection performance from one up to three orders of magnitude for the range from hundreds of meters down to meters.
Improving aluminum recycling through investigations of thermodynamic effects in remelting

This investigation revealed that the thermodynamic reactions that occur during Al remelting may lead to material losses for specific elements and circumstances. Mg losses as a result of oxidation are thermodynamically favorable to occur, but are limited by the exposure of Mg particulates to the oxygen atmosphere. Volatilization of Mn may also contribute to material losses, which is also limited by the materials exposure to the oxygen atmosphere. The relatively short melt processing times and the protective dross layer may largely limit the oxidation of Mg and volatilization of Mn. Material losses from the formation of second phase precipitates were shown to be exclusively a concern for the formation of second phase particles with densities less than Al. The low density of Al severely limited the potential compounds that could contribute to material losses. A study on the formation of pure Si second phase particles demonstrated that the particles would need to be approximately 40 µm to reach the dross under normal processing conditions. Particles of other compositions are expected to require much larger melting periods to reach the dross because the low density of Si allows it to serve as the lower bound of the time requirement. Dross chemistry was shown to influence the material yield. Batch planners should consider which fluxes are implemented in the modeled process to accurately predict batch plans. Aluminum recycling batch planners should also be prepared to update their batch plans as the popularity of chemically reactive fluxes and dross reprocessing for material recovery increases. Better management methods for compositional uncertainty resulting from thermodynamic effects will allow creation of batch plans for Al alloy products that increase incorporation of secondary metals, thereby reducing energy consumption in Al production while simultaneously providing economic benefits.
Iterative image reconstruction model including susceptibility gradients combined with Z-shimming gradients in fMRI

Magnetic susceptibility artifacts, including both image distortions and signal losses, exist near air/tissue interfaces in the ventral brain in standard blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although several acquisition-based approaches exist to address the signal losses, they require increased acquisition time or patient customization. In this work, we propose a statistical estimation model that includes the effects of magnetic field gradients (both within-plane and through-plane gradients) and uses an iterative reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct images corrected for both magnetic field distortion and signal losses. Besides, we combine our reconstruction approach with a recently proposed MRI sequence with Z-shimming gradient between the spiral-in and spiral-out acquisition to enhance the compensation for signal losses. Therefore, we extend our forward MR signal model to include the physics of Susceptibility-induced magnetic Field (SF), Susceptibility-induced magnetic Field Gradients (SFG), and the application of the data acquisition technique with Z-shimming Gradients (ZShG). The results show that not only signal distortions but also significant signal losses can be compensated by considering both the modeling of field-inhomogeneity effects along with the acquisition using Z-shimming.
Phase Turbulence, Spatiotemporal Intermittency and Coherent Structures

The essentially spatiotemporal dynamics of extended physical systems is still poorly understood. Indeed, in spite of the success of dynamical systems theory to explain the deterministic chaos occurring in confined situations, this approach is unable to handle the complex behaviors appearing when the spatial structure is not frozen. From this point of view, turbulence may be seen as the ultimate complex system, and it seems interesting to study models of extended systems somewhat “simpler” than the Navier-Stokes equations but nevertheless retaining some of the essential physics of the problem.
Structural Studies of MJ1529, an O6-methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase

The structure of an O{sub 6}-methylguanine methyltransferase from the thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii has been determined using multinuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The structure is similar to homologues from other organisms that have been determined by crystallography, with some variation in the N-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain is more highly conserved in both sequence and structure. Regions of the protein show broadening reflecting conformational flexibility that is likely related to function.
Vascular Headaches in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

SYNOPSIS A prospective study of 46 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) revealed that 16 (35%) had recurrent, vascular headaches. Detailed neurologic evaluation of 12 headache patients available for further study revealed the following: 3 had lateralized, throbbing headaches; 9 had bilateral headaches; 8 patients experienced prodromal symptoms (7 had visual auras); and 3 experienced nausea or vomiting. Only 1 patient described headache as interfering with daily activities, and no patients were prostrated. Only 1 patient had frequently required narcotic (codeine) therapy, and none were employing ergot. Headache symptoms have persisted in 8 patients; 5 of these 8 suffer at least 1 headache per week. It appears that frequent vascular headache of mild to moderate severity is a relatively common symptom in MCTD.
jTRACE: A reimplementation and extension of the TRACE model of speech perception and spoken word recognition

This article describes jTRACE, a freely available, cross-platform Java reimplementation of the TRACE model of spoken word recognition. The goal of the reimplementation is to facilitate the use of simulations by researchers who may not have the skills or time necessary to use or extend the original C implementation. In this article, we report a large-scale validation project, in which we have replicated a number of important previous simulations, and then we describe several new features in jTRACE designed to help researchers conduct original TRACE research, as well as to replicate earlier findings. These features include visualization tools, powerful scripting, built-in data graphing, adjustable levels of external and internal noise, and adjustable lexical characteristics, such as frequency of occurrence. Functions for saving and reloading entire simulations facilitate archiving, sharing, and replication and also make jTRACE ideal for educational use, since it comes bundled with several important simulations. jTRACE can be downloaded from magnuson.psy.uconn.edu/jtrace.
Mechanisms of interference of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) on lettuce as influenced by phosphorus fertility

Abstract Greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the intensity of smooth pigweed and common purslane aboveground interference (AI) and belowground interference (BI) with lettuce and to determine primary mechanisms of interference of each species as affected by P fertility rates. Lettuce was transplanted in mixtures with either smooth pigweed or common purslane according to four partitioning regimes: no interference, full interference, BI, and AI. Soil used was low in P for optimum lettuce yields, therefore P was added at rates of 0, 0.4, and 0.8 grams of P per liter of soil. Shoot and root biomass and plant height were measured for each species, as well as P tissue content. The data obtained indicated that smooth pigweed interfered with lettuce primarily through light interception by its taller canopy. A secondary mechanism of interference was the absorption of P from the soil through luxury consumption, increasing the P tissue content without enhancing smooth pigweed biomass accumulation. In contrast...
Moisture Variations Associated with EL NiÑo Events

El Nino, a period of unusually warm surface water in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, is shown to be related to variations in several components of the atmospheric moisture budget over much of the basin. Changes in both the ocean temperatures and the moisture terms are diagnosed using an analysis of about 5 × 106 individual marine weather reports for the period 1957–76. From these data, year-month means were calculated for each 5° latitude by 5° longitude grid of sea surface temperature, surface latent heat flux, and surface horizontal vapour flux divergence.
Reduction of food intake by intestinal macronutrient infusion is not reversed by NMDA receptor blockade.

Rats increase their intake of food, but not water, after intraperitoneal injection of MK-801, a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate-activated ion channels. We hypothesized that MK-801...
Taking Alarm Standardization to The Floors with A Telemetry Training System

1989). Certainly, this is what hospitals envision when creating clinical simulation centers to help train staff on a variety of procedures and processes. There is tremendous value in these centers, but part of the challenge is outfitting them with the technology that staff use in the care of patients. In addition, getting staff to these centers can be problematic, since they are often not close to inpatient areas. Such simulation labs are valuable in training staff on such items as changing alarm parameters. Managing alarms is a daunting task, given the number of devices and the varied tones and alerts of devices used in a typical clinical setting. Competing alarms present an aural challenge to staff, and erroneous alarms add greatly to noise pollution on the unit. To reduce nuisance alarms and fine-tune alarm parameters and defaults so that true alarms are presented, the clinical engineering department at Boston Medical Center (BMC) took on the standardization of telemetry alarms and portable monitor alarms. As we investigated, reviewed, and discussed alarms, we found that adjusting parameter defaults was essential in managing patients on telemetry devices. With the introduction of standardized defaults and alerts across care areas, the issue of educating staff about the changes presented a challenge. Many of the changes were subtle and did not translate well through emails, posters, or other non-auditory means. And, as mentioned, getting staff to simulation centers presents challenges. This article describes how the clinical engineering and nursing education departments at BMC took on the task of creating a portable, self-contained telemetry system to educate staff about changes in telemetry alarms and portable monitor alarms. The system enabled us to demonstrate current alarms (both visually and audibly), and show staff the changes. This system greatly enhanced the educational experience.
Diamonds are a dictator's best friend: natural reso urces and the tradeoff between authoritarianism and development 1

Why do African and Middle Eastern countries seem cursed by an abundance of natural resources yet USA, Australia and Norway seem blessed? A growing literature has argued that the benevolence or malignance of natural resources depends upon the quality of institutions. This paper offers a new explanation based on association al freedom and its interaction with the political system. The model predicts that natural r esources have an adverse impact on economic performance and transition to democracy in authorit arian regimes but not in democracies. It also predicts that repression of associational freedom w ill be increasing in natural resources in authoritarian regimes. We test the model’s predicti ons using fixed-effects regressions on an international panel from 1975-2000 and find some support.
The DLPFI Language

Once a model has been formulated along lines described in the previous chapter, it must be specified to the D L P decision support system using the D L P format interface language, henceforth called DLPFI (pronounced ‘Delphi’). Examples of this low-level language have been presented in Chapters 1 and 2. We now give a more detailed and complete description of DLPFI, which has been designed with the following objectives and usage in mind: 1. It provides the means for making a precise statement of a D L P model to the D L P decision support system, in much the same way that standard MPS input format provides the means for precisely specifying a linear programming model to a Mathematical Programming System, for example, MINOS (Murtagh and Saunders [1983]). MPS input format is very rigid—character and numeric data must be provided within specific column ranges in each input record. It is, in essence, a set of conventions for specifying the non-zero elements of a large, sparse LP matrix. In constrast, much of the DLPFI input data is format-free, and local and global constraints and objectives can all be specified with considerable flexibility. Each DLPFI data record has a specific meaning in relation to a D L P model. Thus DLPFI can be viewed as a low-level, simple, very easy-to-learn language for D L P modeling. 2. In conformity with a principle used within most modern modeling systems, DLPFI provides a mechanism for separating D L P modeling and optimization phases. Standard MPS input format plays an identical role vis-a-vis the linear programming model/algorithm interface. 3. DLPFI can serve as a target language for user-supplied front-end routines that are written in a high-level programming or modeling language and can accept data in a more convenient, application-specific way. In standard linear programming, such a set of routines is called a ‘matrix generator’. Here, ‘D L P model generator’ would be the corresponding analog. 4. DLPFI is designed to be extensible, in order to facilitate the implementation of D L P model/algorithm enhancements discussed in Chapter 10.
Increased Concentrations of Cyclic GMP in Fetal Liver Cells Stimulated by Erythropoietin

AbstractThe hormone erythropoietin stimulates the processes of cellular proliferation and differentiation in erythroid cells. A possible role for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in these events was evaluated in cultures of erythroid cells obtained from the livers of 14-day rat feti. A partially purified preparation of erythropoietin (Ep) stimulated 59Fe incorporation into heme in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that the fetal liver cells were responsive to this hormone. Ep stimulated an increase in tissue cyclic GMP content in these cultures at 4 to 9 hr of incubation. However, exogenous addition of cyclic GMP to cultures did not affect heme synthesis. In correlation studies in which cyclic GMP levels were determined and thymidine incorporation into DNA was monitored, cyclic GMP did not appear to be related to the Ep-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis. Addition of 8-bromo-cyclic GMP to cultures did not increase DNA synthesis and addition of FUdR to cultures did not alter the Ep-induced increase ...
Synthesis of epitaxial Fe 3 O 4 films on Cu(001)

Fe films, oxidized on a Cu(001) substrate, have been found to form large, uniformly thick patches of oxide that dominate the mesoscopic surface structure producing large, atomically flat terraces. The oxide is found to grow in highly oriented chains, many microns in length, with well-defined preferred orientations relative to the substrate crystalline axes. Under the oxidation conditions used here, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ is the dominant oxide formed in thick films, a material with potential as a spin-polarized contact for magnetic tunneling devices.
Carbon monoxide production from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; a method for assessing the oxidant/antioxidant properties of drugs.

Reactive oxygen species are produced from oxygen in small amounts by normal cellular processes and by the autooxidation of endogenous compounds such as catecholamines. Because of their extreme reactivity and their ability to initiate and participate in chain reactions, radicals can react with, and damage, various classes of biomolecules and radical damage is now implicated in several disease states [1,2]. Several cellular mechanisms exist for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species; these are enzymatic such as the superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidases and catalase, or nonenzymatic such as ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol [2,3], thiols like cysteine [4], and several others. We report an experimental model to study the oxidant and antioxidant properties of various compounds, with emphasis on drugs commonly administered to neonates. The method is based on the autooxidation of phenols in alkaline solutions to give carbon monoxide as one of the reaction products [5]. The reaction was carried out with L-3,4_dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in buffered solutions at pH 7.4 and this served as an indicator to study oxidant and antioxidant properties of several agents. Reactions took place in a closed system and the CO evolved was quantitated by head-space gas-chromatographic (GC) analysis [6]. In addition to drugs, some other relevant compounds were also included in the study: