cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic nutritional intake assessment in patients with urolithiasis: A decision impact analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate a physician's impression of a urinary stone patient's dietary intake and whether it was dependent on the medium through which the nutritional data were obtained. Furthermore, we sought to determine if using an electronic food fre- quency questionnaire (FFQ) impacted dietary recommendations for these patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients attended the Stone Clinic over a period of 6 weeks. Seventy-five gave consent for enrollment in our study. Patients completed an office-based interview with a fellowship-trained endourologist, and a FFQ admin- istered on an iPad. The FFQ assessed intake of various dietary components related to stone development, such as oxalate and cal- cium. The urologists were blinded to the identity of patients' FFQ results. Based on the office-based interview and the FFQ results, the urologists provided separate assessments of the impact of nutrition and hydration on the patient's stone disease (nutrition im- pact score and hydration impact score, respectively) and treatment recommendations. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to compare pre-FFQ data to post-FFQ data. Results: Higher FFQ scores for sodium (odds ratio (OR), 1.02; p=0.02) and fluids (OR, 1.03, p=0.04) were associated with a higher nutritional impact score. None of the FFQ parameters impacted hydration impact score. A higher FFQ score for oxalate (OR, 1.07; p=0.02) was associated with the addition of at least one treatment recommendation. Conclusions: Information derived from a FFQ can yield a significant impact on a physician's assessment of stone risks and decision for management of stone disease.
Leprosy as a Cause of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy.

EnglishThe review article on distal symmetric polyneuropathy by Dr Callaghan and colleagues1 did not address leprosy (Hansen disease), which may be the most common treatable peripheral nerve disorder worldwide.2 The major features of leprosy are anesthetic skin lesions, neuropathy, and positive skin smears for Mycobacterium leprae bacilli. The lepromatous form of leprosy is a slow, progressive, widespread disease of skin and nerves manifesting as bilateral, symmetrical, distal polyneuropathy. The tuberculoid and borderline forms of leprosy typically cause focal mononeuropathies and polyneuropathies. If untreated, the associated neuropathy causes deformity and permanent disability; however, early treatment is associated with good outcomes. EnglishWe agree with Dr Brown that leprosy should be considered as a cause of peripheral neuropathy in patients living in countries where leprosy is endemic and those who have emigrated from those areas, particularly because it is treatable with multidrug antimycobacterial treatment. A mononeuropathy is the most common presentation of leprosy, but lepromatous leprosy can present with more widespread involvement mimicking a distal symmetric polyneuropathy. However, the incidence of leprosy in the United States in 2010 was only 0.0001%.1 The table of causes of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in our article was meant to focus on common causes of polyneuropathy that would present to primary care physicians in the United States. In that context, leprosy remains a rare cause of polyneuropathy, much less common than any of the other conditions listed. For primary care physicians, the focus should remain on evaluating patients for common causes such as diabetes, prediabetes, alcohol abuse, and inherited conditions. The clinical history, including an in-depth alcohol and family history, and the neurologic examination are the most important components of the polyneuropathy evaluation.2 Routine laboratory evaluations should include complete blood cell count, comprehensive metabolic panel, glucose tolerance test, vitamin B12 level, and serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation
Metal ions incorporated titania nanotubes for hydrocarbon oxidation

Present work shows that simple, standard methods of metal addition, without the need for ion implantation or other complex and expensive processes, can dramatically improve the performance of titania based structures compared to P25 for (i.e. hydrocarbon oxidation) photocatalytic reactions. In this work, Au and Pt were incorporated into titania nanotubes, and their photocatalytic activities were investigated in detail. The samples were analyzed using a JEOL FEG-2010F field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with attached Oxford Instruments’ X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system and Gatan imaging filtering (GIF) system. Both high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images and high angle annular dark-field (HAAD) images were recorded for the specimens. The performance of the samples was tested for the oxidation of acetaldehyde using a continuous flow reactor. The pure nanotube is more photoreactive than commercial P25 titania. Both Au and Pt treated nanotube samples increased the photo reactivity. The most significant result of this work is that the activity of Pt (< 1 nm) containing nanotube is more than 10 times the rate of P25, and more than 6 times the rate of the pure nanotube. However, sizes of the Au and Pt nanoparticles on the nanotube surfaces likely affected the photo-reactivity. Large size of the Au and Pt particles decreased the photo-reactivity. Specifically, the addition of platinum without formation of obvious nanoparticles on the nanotube surfaces increased the maximum activity significantly, and increased the total yield.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the central nucleus of the amygdala induces anxiety via melanocortin receptors

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in the USA. Characterized by feelings of uncontrollable apprehension, they are accompanied by physical, affective, and behavioral symptoms. The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor PAC1 (PAC1R) are highly expressed in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and they have gained growing attention for their proposed role in mediating the body’s response to stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiogenic effects of PACAP in the CeA and its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of PACAP in the CeA was investigated. PACAP was microinfused into the CeA of rats, and its effects in the elevated plus maze (EPM), the defensive withdrawal tests, and plasma corticosterone levels were evaluated. The ability of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 to block PACAP effect in the EPM was assessed. Intra-CeA PACAP exerted a dose-dependent anxiogenic effect and activated the HPA axis. In contrast, PACAP microinfused into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BlA) had no effect. Finally, the anxiogenic effect of intra-CeA PACAP was prevented by SHU9119. These data prove an anxiogenic role for the PACAP system of the CeA and reveal that the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) system of CeA mediates these effects. Our data provide insights into this neuropeptide system as a mechanism for modulating the behavioral and endocrine response to stress and suggest that dysregulations of this system may contribute to the pathophysiology of anxiety-related disorders.
Controlling Climate for Vegetable Production in Adverse Climates and During Off-Seasons

The production of crops at times other than during normal seasonal periods has only been practiced relatively recently. In the tropics and subtropics, many kinds of vegetables can be and are grown in abundance practically all year round, and usually little if any climate modifications is necessary. However, in temperate climates, certain crops are almost impossible to grow from late autumn through winter due to cold temperatures, and others are difficult to grow during high summer temperatures. In these regions some “off-season” vegetable production is possible when farmers are capable of modifying the temperature portion of a crop’s growth environment.
Cardinalfishes of the genus Nectamia (Apogonidae, Perciformes) from the Indo-Pacific region with descriptions of four new species

The status of Nectamia is re-examined. General morphology including gill arches, cephalic lateralis pores, dorsal-fin elements, scale characteristics and results from recent contributions support recognition as a genus rather than a subgenus. Nine species are removed from Ostorhinchus and placed in Nectamia. Neotypes are established for Apogon fuscus, the type species of Nectamia and for N. bandanensis. Four undescribed species, Nectamia ignitops, N. luxuria, N. similis, and N. viria, having been confused with N. bandanensis, N. fusca and N. savayensis. Two species, Nectamia annularis and N. zebrinus are endemic to the Red Sea. Meristics or morphometrics, absent good color patterns will not conclusively identify each species. A key to the species is provided. Four species are polymorphic with respect to number of gill rakers. Gill-raker variation can be associated with geographic patterns: Red Sea, East Africa plus Mascarene Plateau, China Sea, Indonesia plus Philippines, Palau to Wake I., and Southeast Indonesia-Coral Sea to Mangareva. Color patterns are used in an analysis of phylogeny of the species. Five names are treated as synonyms: Apogon erdmani, a synonym of Nectamia annularis and Apogon guamensis, Apogon nubilus, Apogon ocellatus, and Apogon spongicolus, as synonyms of N. fusca.
Overview of lymphoma

Diseases characterized by non-infectious enlargement of lymph nodes were recognized as lymphosarcoma and psudoleukemia by Virchow and Cohenheim in 1864 and 1865. Around the same time Thomas Hodgkin described clinical histories and post-mortem findings of seven patients with enlarged lymph nodes and splenomelgaly without inflammation where the disease spread to contiguous lymph nodes and his colleague Samuel Wilks called it Hodgkin disease (HD).
Support of Perinatal and Neonatal Research

The emergence of the field of biomedical informatics has enabled the development of computerization within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU); however, the unique population encountered in this setting requires special consideration beyond minor adaptations from an adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or even a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Deficiencies in data capture of the traditional Electronic Health Record must be addressed to support research of NICU populations. Additional precision is required for the measurement of data elements such as age and weight where day-to-day changes can be clinically relevant. Obtaining gestational age, a key measure in neonatal research, has its own unique array of challenges. Although gestational age has a precise definition, numerous opportunities for error are introduced in documenting the variable, as measures are necessarily based upon estimates. Another challenge to neonatal data collection is the integration of information from parental medical records. The prenatal record and maternal medical history, though pertinent to the neonate, are contained in the mother’s medical chart. Access to prenatal data may be limited by barriers between institutions where care was provided, the transition between types of care providers (obstetrics to neonatology), concerns for the mother’s privacy, and the absence or unreliability of traditional identifiers used in record linking such as name and social security number. The development of neonatal terminologies allows for standardization in the description and communication of concepts specific to neonatology, and thereby facilitates research networks that study rare neonatal conditions across national and international landscapes.
Determinism and Freedom in Early Evolution

Where do protobiological and biological information originate, in the initial conditions, in the external boundary conditions, or within matter itself? This chapter is an attempt to answer the question on physical grounds.
The in vitro metabolism of estrogens by human fecal bacteria; a comparison of equol-producers and non-producers

1581 Hormonal exposure is associated with risk of breast cancer and determinants of circulating levels of estrogens and of estrogen metabolism are among the primary risk factors for breast cancer. Steroid hormone metabolism in humans involves numerous steps including intestinal bacterial metabolism. Thus, inter-individual differences in intestinal bacterial populations may contribute to variation in disease susceptibility through effects on metabolism and subsequent exposure to estrogens. One-third to one-half of the population harbors the yet-to-be-identified bacteria that metabolize daidzein, a soy isoflavone, to equol. Studies suggest that equol production may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk, but mechanisms for this relationship are unknown. Our aim was to determine whether fecal bacterial metabolism of estrogens differs according to equol-producer phenotype. Previously frozen fecal samples from 34 women were available for this study. According to previously analyzed urine samples (collected after soy consumption) 20 were equol-producers (EP), 12 were equol non-producers (ENP), and 2 had trace amounts of equol in their urine. Fecal samples were thawed, and added to brain heart infusion (BHI) media. Aliquots of this slurry were incubated in BHI media under anaerobic conditions for 5 days at 37°C with daidzein or the following estrogens: estrone, estradiol, estriol, 2-hydroxyestrone, 16α-hydroxyestrone, and 2-methoxyestrone. Each estrogen was assayed in triplicate, and daidzein in duplicate. After incubation, estrogens and isoflavones were extracted from the BHI media using ethyl acetate and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fecal bacteria from 1 known EP did not metabolize daidzein to equol in vitro; their data were not included in statistical analyses. Fecal bacteria from the remaining EP (n=19), and 1 individual with trace equol in their urine, metabolized daidzein to equol. Fecal bacteria from the 12 ENP, and 1 individual with trace equol in their urine, did not metabolize daidzein to equol. EP, compared to ENP, metabolized significantly more estrone to estradiol, and 16α-hydroxyestrone to estriol (p≤0.05). Although differences between EP and ENP in the amount of 2-hydroxyestrone metabolized to 2-hydroxyestradiol were not significant, EP were more likely than ENP to show metabolism of 2-hydroxyestrone to 2-hydroxyestradiol (χ2=4.1, p=0.04). All other differences between EP and ENP were not statistically significant. These preliminary findings suggest that differences in fecal bacterial estrogen metabolism may exist between equol-producers and non-producers. This work was supported by a Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program Concept Award (DAMD17-03-1-0604), and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Tracking progressive pathological and functional decline in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy.

The choice and appropriate use of animal models in drug discovery for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pivotal to successful clinical translation of novel therapeutics, yet true alignment of research is challenging. Current models do not fully recapitulate the human disease, and even exhibit various degrees of regional pathological burden and diverse functional alterations. Given this, relevant pathological and functional endpoints must be determined on a model-by-model basis. The present work explores the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy as a case study to define best practices for the selection and validation of cognitive and functional endpoints for the purposes of pre-clinical AD drug discovery. Male rTg4510 mice were first tested at an advanced age, 12 months, in multiple behavioural assays (step 1). Severe tau pathology and neurodegeneration was associated with profound locomotor hyperactivity and spatial memory deficits. Four of these assays were then selected for longitudinal assessment, from 4 to 12 months, to investigate whether behavioural performance changes as a function of accumulation of tau pathology (step 2). Experimental suppression of tau pathology—via doxycycline administration—was also investigated for its effect on functional performance. Progressive behavioural changes were detected where locomotor activity and rewarded alternation were found to most closely correlate with tau burden and neurodegeneration. Doxycycline initiated at 4 months led to a 50% suppression of transgene expression, which was sufficient to prevent subsequent increases in tau pathology and arrest related functional decline. This two-step approach demonstrates the importance of selecting assays most sensitive to the phenotype of the model. A robust relationship was observed between pathological progression, development of phenotype, and their experimental manipulation—three crucial factors for assessing the translational relevance of future pre-clinical findings.
Direct-Acting Antivirals Improve Access to Care and Cure for Patients With HIV and Chronic HCV Infection.

Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) as curative therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection offer >95% sustained virologic response (SVR), including in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Despite improved safety and efficacy of HCV treatment, challenges remain, including drug-drug interactions between DAA and antiretroviral therapy (ART) and restrictions on access by payers. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of all HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected patients captured in care at our institution from 2011-2015, reflecting the DAA era, to determine treatment uptake and SVR, and to elucidate barriers to accessing DAA for co-infected patients. Results We identified 9290 patients with HCV mono-infection and 507 with HIV/HCV co-infection. Compared to mono-infected patients, co-infected patients were younger and more likely to be male and African-American. For both groups, treatment uptake improved from the DAA/pegylated interferon (PEGIFN)-ribavirin to IFN-free DAA era. One-third of co-infected patients in the IFN-free DAA era required ART switch and nearly all remained virologically suppressed after 6 months. We observed SVR >95% for most patient subgroups including those with co-infection, prior treatment-experience, and cirrhosis. Predictors of access to DAA for co-infected patients included Caucasian race, CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm3, HIV virologic suppression and cirrhosis. Time to approval of DAA was longest for patients insured by Medicaid, followed by private insurance and Medicare. Conclusions DAA therapy has significantly improved access to HCV treatment and high SVR is independent of HIV status. However, in order to realize cure for all, barriers and disparities in access need to be urgently addressed.
Fighting the Mad King: Play, Art, and Adventure in an Early Childhood Art Studio

This chapter connects my experiences as an art studio teacher of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with aspects of artmaking and play. I argue that the teacher’s role includes supporting children in taking ownership of their own explorations, learning, and adventures. In doing so, I set out one approach to achieving this, through materials and play. Specifically, I suggest three broad movements of engagement that may guide the teacher in acts of deflected and reflected discourse with her students, while considering what it means to engage in exploration with materials.
Introduction to Respiratory Toxicology

The respiratory system performs several important functions, among which are the exchange of gases, the maintenance of sterility in the airspaces, and the metabolism of endogenous as well as xenobiotic agents. Its primary role is to deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood and to eliminate from the blood the carbon dioxide that is formed when oxygen is metabolized in tissues. To perform its gas exchange function adequately, it depends upon (1) an appropriate interface between the ambient air and the circulating blood and (2) the effective delivery of these two gases from their sources to the interface so that exchange across it can occur.
Some Remarks on the Concept of Limit

The derivative is one of the fundamental concepts of calculus. The definition of derivative, at first glance, appears to involve division by zero, and division by zero is not permitted. The inventors of calculus, Newton and Leibniz, were aware of this difficulty and attempted to meet the criticisms of their contemporaries. However it took about 200 years for mathematicians to put the foundations of calculus on what is now considered a satsifactory basis. In this essay an explanation of the problem will be given followed by a description of some mathematical stumblings, culminating in the present-day solution. Discussion of how to teach this material to first-year students of calculus will conclude the essay. It is hoped that this presentation will be comprehensible to someone who has studied calculus for a semester.
Zeros of Some Self-Reciprocal Polynomials

We say that a polynomial p of degree n is self-reciprocal polynomial if \(p(z) = {z}^{n}p(1/z)\), i.e., if its coefficients are “symmetric.” This chapter surveys the literature on zeros of this family of complex polynomials, with the focus on criteria determining when such polynomials have all their roots on the unit circle. The last section contains a new conjectural criteria which, if true, would have very interesting applications.
Optimization of microchannel-based cooling systems

In this article, microchannel systems for cooling applications such as in the thermal management of electronic equipment are investigated and optimized. Numerical simulations are carried out to stu...
Optical Measurement of Ultrasonic Fourier Transforms

This paper presents a framework for a highperformance ultrasonic Fourier transform. By virtue of the properties of ultrasonic wave propagation, the Fourier transform of a transducer pattern can be retrieved from the wave diffraction pattern at the far-field. The computational complexity of an ultrasonic Fourier transform can be approximated by O(N), taking advantage of the fact that the field from each of the pixels is propagated and added in parallel. In the paper, we demonstrate this principle with a single CMOS compatible aluminum nitride transducer pixel on a silicon substrate. The transducer is driven by a pulsed gigahertz electric signal. The displacement of the backside silicon is detected by an optical UHF-120 vibrometer. The measured displacement pattern in the far field of a square transducer is compared to the predicted ultrasonic field distribution and the analytical Fourier transform.
Parallel pathways to brand loyalty: Mapping the consequences of authentic consumption experiences for hotels and Airbnb

Abstract The popularity of Airbnb has significantly affected the hotel industry. One of Airbnb's fundamental value propositions is the concept of authenticity, but the hospitality and tourism literature is scant regarding what constitutes an authentic consumption experience in the lodging industry and how such authenticity generates brand loyalty. This study identifies two distinct pathways through which an authentic consumption experience influences brand loyalty for the leisure traveler: a brand pathway and an experience pathway. We find that hotels and Airbnb leverage these pathways differently to generate brand loyalty. These findings have implications for hotels and Airbnb in terms of guest loyalty.
Recurrent Neural Network for Gene Regulation Network Construction on Time Series Expression Data

We propose a new way of exploring potential transcription factor targets in which the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is used to model time series gene expression data. Once the training of the RNN is completed, inference is performed through feeding the RNN artificially constructed signals. These artificial signals emulate the original gene expression data and the transcriptional factor of interest is set to be zero constantly to model the knockout state of the transcription factor. The predicted expression patterns of the other genes from the RNN are then used to measure the likelihood that the gene is regulated by the knocked out transcriptional factor. After repeating the same process for each gene as Transcription Factor in the dataset, we construct a gene regulation network with edge weights assigned. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model by comparing our method with existing popular approaches. The result shows that our RNN method can identify transcription factor targets with higher accuracies than most of existing approaches. Overall, our RNN model trained on time series gene expression data can be useful for discovering transcription factor targets as well as building a gene regulation network.
Principles of a Perfect Puncture for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Renal access for the purpose of percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be obtained safely and accurately using a variety of techniques, instruments, and imaging modalities. This chapter describes the multiple options available to the surgeon for obtaining access, including ultrasound guidance, fluoroscopic guidance, prone or supine positioning, retrograde endoscopic combined visualization, or retrograde needle access. Surgeons must tailor their practice specific to their skills and the patient on a case by case basis.
Optimal suppression of a separation bubble in a laminar boundary layer

By means of nonlinear optimization, we seek the velocity disturbances at a given upstream position that suppress a laminar separation bubble as effectively as possible. Both steady and unsteady disturbances are examined and compared. For steady disturbances, an informed guess based on linear analysis of transient perturbation growth leads to significant delay of separation and serves as a starting point for the nonlinear optimization algorithm. It is found that the linear analysis largely captures the suppression of the separation bubble attained by the nonlinear optimal perturbations. The mechanism of separation delay is the generation of a mean flow distortion by nonlinear interactions during the perturbation growth. The mean flow distortion enhances the momentum close to the wall, counteracting the deceleration of the flow in that region. An examination of the effect of the disturbance spanwise wavenumber reveals that perturbations maximizing the mean flow distortion also approximately maximize the peak wall pressure, which is beneficial for lowering form drag. The optimal spanwise wavenumber leading to maximal peak wall pressure is significantly larger than the one maximizing the shift in separation onset. For unsteady disturbances, the mechanism of separation delay relies on enhancing wall-normal momentum transfer by triggering instabilities of the separated shear layer. It is found that Tollmien–Schlichting waves obtained from linear stability theory provide accurate estimates of the nonlinearly optimal disturbances. Comparison of optimal steady and unsteady perturbations reveals that the latter are able to obtain a higher time-averaged peak wall pressure.
Effects of Acute Colchicine Administration Prior to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: COLCHICINE-PCI Randomized Trial

Background: Vascular injury and inflammation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are associated with increased risk of post-PCI adverse outcomes. Colchicine decreases neutrophil recruit...
Impact of interventions targeting anxiety and depression in adults with asthma

High rates of anxiety and depression exist among asthma patient populations. This scoping review will examine the existing interventional therapies that address depression and anxiety symptoms in p...
The influences of power, politics, and climate risk on US subnational climate action

Abstract American cities have played an increasingly critical role in advancing US climate change mitigation and adaptation. Subnational government support for these efforts, however, varies across social, political, economic, and biogeophysical contexts. While the influence of politics on US climate mitigation is well established, further research is required to identify barriers to—and discern complex influences on—US subnational climate action. This study examines the influences of power dynamics between public and private interests, political party affiliation within government and the public, and risk of climate impacts, on observed climate mitigation and adaptation efforts within 136 urban US cities and 33 states. The findings of this study shed light on the motivations of subnational governments to take climate action, and identify significant dynamics influencing the likelihood of key state or local government decision-makers to take climate action.
CERC: an interactive content extraction, recognition, and construction tool for clinical and biomedical text

Automated summarization of scientific literature and patient records is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and facilitating precision medicine. Most existing summarization methods are based on single indicators of relevance, offer limited capabilities for information visualization, and do not account for user specific interests. In this work, we develop an interactive content extraction, recognition, and construction system (CERC) that combines machine learning and visualization techniques with domain knowledge for highlighting and extracting salient information from clinical and biomedical text. A novel sentence-ranking framework multi indicator text summarization, MINTS, is developed for extractive summarization. MINTS uses random forests and multiple indicators of importance for relevance evaluation and ranking of sentences. Indicative summarization is performed using weighted term frequency-inverse document frequency scores of over-represented domain-specific terms. A controlled vocabulary dictionary generated using MeSH, SNOMED-CT, and PubTator is used for determining relevant terms. 35 full-text CRAFT articles were used as the training set. The performance of the MINTS algorithm is evaluated on a test set consisting of the remaining 32 full-text CRAFT articles and 30 clinical case reports using the ROUGE toolkit. The random forests model classified sentences as “good” or “bad” with 87.5% accuracy on the test set. Summarization results from the MINTS algorithm achieved higher ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, and ROUGE-SU4 scores when compared to methods based on single indicators such as term frequency distribution, position, eigenvector centrality (LexRank), and random selection, p < 0.01. The automatic language translator and the customizable information extraction and pre-processing pipeline for EHR demonstrate that CERC can readily be incorporated within clinical decision support systems to improve quality of care and assist in data-driven and evidence-based informed decision making for direct patient care. We have developed a web-based summarization and visualization tool, CERC ( https://newton.isye.gatech.edu/CERC1/ ), for extracting salient information from clinical and biomedical text. The system ranks sentences by relevance and includes features that can facilitate early detection of medical risks in a clinical setting. The interactive interface allows users to filter content and edit/save summaries. The evaluation results on two test corpuses show that the newly developed MINTS algorithm outperforms methods based on single characteristics of importance.
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Antibodies, and Neutralizing Capacity in Milk Produced by Women with COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Whether mother-to-infant SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur during breastfeeding and, if so, whether the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh this risk during maternal COVID-19 illness remain important questions. Using RT-qPCR, we did not detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in any milk sample (n = 37) collected from 18 women following COVID-19 diagnosis. Although we detected evidence of viral RNA on 8 out of 70 breast skin swabs, only one was considered a conclusive positive result. In contrast, 76% of the milk samples collected from women with COVID-19 contained SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA, and 80% had SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG. In addition, 62% of the milk samples were able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro, whereas milk samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were unable to do so. Taken together, our data do not support mother-to-infant transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via milk. Importantly, milk produced by infected mothers is a beneficial source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 activity. These results support recommendations to continue breastfeeding during mild-to-moderate maternal COVID-19 illness. IMPORTANCE Results from prior studies assaying human milk for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, have suggested milk may act as a potential vehicle for mother-to-child transmission. Most previous studies are limited because they followed only a few participants, were cross-sectional, and/or failed to report how milk was collected and/or analyzed. As such, considerable uncertainty remains regarding whether human milk is capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 from mother to child. Here, we report that repeated milk samples collected from 18 women following COVID-19 diagnosis did not contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA; however, risk of transmission via breast skin should be further evaluated. Importantly, we found that milk produced by infected mothers is a source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 activity. These results support recommendations to continue breastfeeding during mild-to-moderate maternal COVID-19 illness as milk likely provides specific immunologic benefits to infants.
"That's Only for Women": The Importance of Educating HIV-Positive Sexual Minority Men on HPV and High Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionately high burdens of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-associated anal cancers. Recent focus has shifted to anorectal cancer prevention through high-resolution anoscopy (HRA); however, little is known about sexual minority men's perceptions, attitudes, or beliefs regarding HRA. We conducted 4 qualitative Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) (n = 15) with sexual minority men, focusing on their beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of undergoing HRA. Participants discussed their experiences of HPV/HRA as influenced by both their gender and sexuality, including unawareness of HPV disease as a male health issue, challenges relating to female-oriented HPV/HRA language, conception of HPV/HRA as related to prostate health, and connecting their sexual behavior identification as "bottoms" to their need for HRA. As efforts to improve HRA knowledge, access, and uptake among sexual and gender minority communities increase, special attention should be paid to language and messaging choices around HRA.
Fast multipole boundary element method : theory and applications in engineering

1. Introduction 2. Conventional BEM for potential problems 3. Fast multipole BEM for potential problems 4. Elastostatic problems 5. Stokes flow problems 6. Acoustic wave problems.
Intraoperative Arterial Line Artifact Associated with SSEPs and Motor Evoked Potentials

ABSTRACT.Recent advances in intraoperative monitoring of spine surgery have dictated the need for techniques to monitor motor, as well as sensory, pathways. Transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials (TceMEPs), may be recorded as myogenic responses from non-paralyzed muscles. During monitoring of cases in which both somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and TceMEPs were recorded, we became aware of an artifact seen in the arterial line tracing used by the anesthesiologist. With ulnar nerve stimulation on the arm ipsilateral to the arterial line, a moderate amplitude, rhythmic artifact appeared on the arterial line tracing. Turning off the stimulator terminated the artifact. Stimulation of the ulnar nerve on the contralateral arm failed to elicit this response. Furthermore, administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent eliminated this artifact during ipsilateral ulnar nerve stimulation. Although this artifact has no effect on the SSEP or TceMEP response, the intraoperative neurophysiology monitor...
Semiempirical Cross Sections, and Applications to Nuclear Interactions of Cosmic Rays

We have formulated semiempirical calculations of partial cross sections (papers ST in the references) for calculating the many yields, as yet unmeasured, of high-energy reactions. Here we present parameters that are updated on the basis of recent experimental data. These calculations have been employed in the analysis of cosmic-ray data when measured values are unavailable. (About half of the cosmic rays heavier than helium have undergone spallation since their acceleration.) The calculations have yielded: (a) the elemental composition of cosmic rays at the sources, (b) the expected isotopic composition of cosmic rays at the top of the atmosphere, (c) the mean path length of material traversed by cosmic rays, and the distribution function of path lengths, and (d) predicted abundances of long-lived radioactive secondary cosmic-ray nuclides for the determination of confinement time in the galaxy. The current status of these calculations is presented, using the experimental data on cross sections and on the composition of cosmic rays reported up to September, 1975.
DART: distributed automated regression testing for large-scale network applications

This paper presents DART, a framework for distributed automated regression testing of large-scale network applications. DART provides programmers writing distributed applications with a set of primitives for writing distributed tests and a runtime that executes distributed tests in a fast and efficient manner over a network of nodes. It provides a programming environment, scripted execution of multi-node commands, fault injection, and performance anomaly injection. We have implemented a prototype implementation of DART that implements a useful subset of the DART architecture and is targeted at the Emulab network emulation environment. Our prototype is functional, fast, and is currently being used to test the correctness, robustness, and performance of PIER, a distributed relational query processor.
Tubal sterilization through the vagina.

I T IS not the purpose of this paper to discuss the moral or ethical problem of sterilization. This is a question which must be decided by the patient, her husband, and the consulting physician. Certainly, the religious beliefs of both the patient and physician should be respected; however, it is our opinion that a married couple has the right to determine the size of their family whether this be accomplished by total abstinence, contracept,ives, or sterilization. In a review of the literature and present-day textbooks, one is impressed by the variety of techniques still advocated for sterilizat.ion notwithst,anding that there have been fewer failures reported following t,he Pomeroy technique. Pregnancies continue to be reported after the performance of preventive operations regardless of the technique that has been used. Many additional reports in the literature indicate that pregnancy can occur even after removal of a major portion of the uterus. This further substantiates the statement. that hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the only positive safeguard. Until the perfect operation is devised, we are confronted, t,herefore, with the problem of choosing the safest, most appropriate, and most effective method of sterilization in that large group of women in whom such a mutilating opcrstion should not be considered.
Drosophila β-l-Hydroxy Acid Dehydrogenase PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES

Abstract 1. A β-l-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase has been purified approximately 2600-fold from Drosophila melanogaster. 2. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 6.3 x 104. 3. The Km for NAD is 0.25 mm and for dl-β-hydroxybutyrate is 45.5 mm. 4. The enzyme reacts with the l(+) isomer of β-hydroxybutyric acid and with l-gulonic acid, but not with the corresponding d acids.
Development of a cross-disciplinary mechatronics course

The paper details the development of a cross disciplinary course in mechatronics between the Mechanical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering Departments at Clemson University. The course objective is to provide electrical and mechanical engineering students with the opportunity to work together on hardware design projects with substantially coupled, mechanical and electrical subsystems. The course structure, topical coverage and laboratory facilities are discussed.
vTPM: virtualizing the trusted platform module

We present the design and implementation of a system that enables trusted computing for an unlimited number of virtual machines on a single hardware platform. To this end, we virtualized the Trusted Platform Module (TPM). As a result, the TPM's secure storage and cryptographic functions are available to operating systems and applications running in virtual machines. Our new facility supports higher-level services for establishing trust in virtualized environments, for example remote attestation of software integrity. We implemented the full TPM specification in software and added functions to create and destroy virtual TPM instances. We integrated our software TPM into a hypervisor environment to make TPM functions available to virtual machines. Our virtual TPM supports suspend and resume operations, as well as migration of a virtual TPM instance with its respective virtual machine across platforms. We present four designs for certificate chains to link the virtual TPM to a hardware TPM, with security vs. efficiency trade-offs based on threat models. Finally, we demonstrate a working system by layering an existing integrity measurement application on top of our virtual TPM facility.
PVM Emulation in the Harness Metacomputing System: A Plug-in Based Approach

Metacomputing frameworks have received renewed attention of late, fueled both by advances in hardware and networking, and by novel concepts such as computational grids. Harness is an experimental metacomputing system based upon the principle of dynamic reconfigurability not only in terms of the computers and networks that comprise the virtual machine, but also in the capabilities of the VM itself. These characteristics may be modified under user control via a "plug-in" mechanism that is the central feature of the system. In this paper we describe our preliminary experience in the design of PVM emulation by means of a set of plug-in.
Investigating changes in the gas-phase conformation of Antithrombin III upon binding of Arixtra using traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS)

We validate the utility of ion mobility to measure protein conformational changes induced by the binding of glycosaminoglycan ligands, using the well characterized system of Antithrombin III (ATIII) and Arixtra, a pharmaceutical agent with heparin (Hp) activity. Heparin has been used as a therapeutic anticoagulant drug for several decades through its interaction with ATIII, a serine protease inhibitor that plays a central role in the blood coagulation cascade. This interaction induces conformational changes within ATIII that dramatically enhance the ATIII-mediated inhibition rate. Arixtra is the smallest synthetic Hp containing the specific pentasaccharide sequence required to bind with ATIII. Here we report the first travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMS) investigation of the conformational changes in ATIII induced by its interaction with Arixtra. Native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry allowed the gentle transfer of the native topology of ATIII and ATIII–Arixtra complex. IM measurements of ATIII and ATIII–Arixtra complex showed a single structure, with well-defined collisional cross section (CCS) values. An average 3.6% increase in CCS of ATIII occurred as a result of its interaction with Arixtra, which agrees closely with the theoretical estimation of the change in CCS based on protein crystal structures. A comparison of the binding behavior of ATIII under both denaturing and non-denaturing conditions confirmed the significance of a folded tertiary structure of ATIII for its biological activity. A Hp oligosaccharide whose structure is similar to Arixtra but missing the 3-O sulfo group on the central glucosamine residue showed a dramatic decrease in binding affinity towards ATIII, but no change in the mobility behavior of the complex, consistent with prior studies that suggested that 3-O sulfation affects the equilibrium constant for binding to ATIII, but not the mode of interaction. In contrast, nonspecific binding by a Hp tetrasaccharide showed more complex mobility behavior, suggesting more promiscuous interactions with ATIII. The effect of collisional activation of ATIII and ATIII–Arixtra complex were also assessed, revealing that the binding of Arixtra provided ATIII with additional stability against unfolding. Overall, our results validate the capability of TWIMS to retain the significant features of the solution structure of a protein–carbohydrate complex so that it can be used to study protein conformational changes induced by the binding of glycosaminoglycan ligands.
The role of technology in preservice teachers' images of their future classroom

Participant drawings, descriptive essays, surveys, and interviews were used to assess how 160 beginning preservice teachers envisioned technology in future classrooms. Results were analyzed with the constant comparative method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) and trait coding (Haney, Russel, & Bebell, 2004). Data demonstrated persistence of teacher-centered technology uses and inconsistencies between espoused views and participant drawings. Results could be used to design interventions for transfer through a better understanding of beginning beliefs of preservice teachers.
Large volcanic eruptions cause drought in eastern China

In most cases, the annual East Asian Monsoon brings heavy rains and widespread flooding to southeast China and drought conditions to the northeast. At various points throughout history, however, large volcanic eruptions have upset the regular behavior of the monsoon.
Acid dissociation and metal chelate formation equilibria of some halogenated diphenylthiocarbazones.

Abstract The acid dissociation constants ( K a ) of di- p -fluoro-, di- p -chloro-, di- p -bromo-, di- p -iodo-and di- m -trifluoromethylphenylthiocarbazones and the equilibrium formation constants (K f 1 ) of their 1:1 complexes with Co(II), Ni and Zn have been determined at 25° in 50% v v aqueous dioxan at 0.10 M ionic strength. Each of the electron-withdrawing substituents gives a reduction in p K a roughly proportional to its Hammett σ value, and log K f 1 increases linearly with p K a .