cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A processed form of the Spatzle protein defines dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo

Stein et al. (1991) identified a soluble, extracellular factor that induces ventral structures at the site where it is injected in the extracellular space of the early Drosophila embryo. This factor, called polarizing activity, has the properties predicted for a ligand for the transmembrane receptor encoded by the Toll gene. Using a bioassay to follow activity, we purified a 24 × 10(3) M(r) protein that has polarizing activity. The purified protein is recognized by antibodies to the C-terminal half of the Spatzle protein, indicating that this polarizing activity is a product of the spatzle gene. The purified protein is smaller than the primary translation product of spatzle, suggesting that proteolytic processing of Spatzle on the ventral side of the embryo is required to generate the localized, active form of the protein.
The field of stability of pyrrhotite

The melting relations in part of the system Fe-S on both sides of the composition FeS (troilite) were studied by the method of differential thermal analysis. To prevent oxidation and loss of sulphur the mattes were sealed in specially designed, evacuated, silica-containers.
Continuing high fertility in a culturally-embedded Mennonite farming society.

Background: Several embedded religious minority populations in the US have experienced fertilities consistent with natural fertility populations. In 1996, Wenger Mennonite total fertility reached 8.31.Aim: This study updates Wenger fertility through 2006, highlights regional differences in fertility and identifies factors that may contribute to continuing high fertility.Subjects and methods: The Wengers are a religious minority who employ distinctive clothing, a rural farming lifestyle and limited use of technology. They publish a church directory every five years with detailed records of births, deaths and marriages. This directory was transformed into an SPSS database that allowed detailed analysis of fertility behaviour through 2006.Results: Wenger total marital fertility continues to be high (8.01). Wenger women have almost no premarital conceptions, do not marry until their early 20s, but achieve very high fertility immediately after they marry. Sharp differences exist among various settlements, with...
Field evaluation of sounding accuracy in deep water multibeam swath bathymetry

A new Kongsberg-Simrad EM120 multibeam echo-sounder has been installed aboard Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Research Vessel Roger Revelle in January 2001. This system can map reliably a 20 km swath of seafloor in 4000 m water depth with 191 soundings per ping. Such a wide swath width demands highly accurate (<0.05/spl deg/ rms) roll information from a motion sensor, and makes estimating sounding accuracy across the swath an interesting challenge. It is shown that good accuracy estimates can be obtained by collecting data on station under control of the GPS-aided dynamic positioning system usually available on most modern long-range oceanographic vessels. A number of motion sensors, with rms roll accuracy specifications ranging from 0.05/spl deg/ to 0.01/spl deg/, were tested with the EM120 sonar on station in 3800 m to 4000 m water depths. Unexpectedly, they yielded roughly the same depth uncertainty as a function of receive beam angle. This result might be explained by synchronization errors between the attitude data and the sonar data leading to beam pointing errors, other types of beam pointing errors, a range of roll accuracy narrower than specified for the motion sensors, or a combination of these factors.
Sex Differences in Measles Mortality: A World Review

Sex differences in measles mortality were examined among 78 countries and 1500 country years between 1950 and 1989; countries were classified by the regional pattern of mortality defined by Coale and Demeny or the UN. Some countries were assigned to the West regional pattern. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) compilation which excludes some large countries such as China India Pakistan Bangladesh Brazil and most of tropical Africa. Morbidity data from WHO was also used and covered 23 countries for 356 country years by age and 17 countries for sex and limited age groups. Variables included the following: measles death rate (DR) incidence rate (INC) case fatality rate (CFR) relationship (DR/CFR) female sex ratio (FSR) for each of the preceding measures and the variance in the logarithm of the estimated measures (VarLog). The results showed that age patterns of mortality declined markedly between aged 0-4 years and 45-49 years and then increased thereafter. Measles mortality at age 85+ was as high as at age 15 years. At ages 0-4 years the measles DR was 166 per million persons years and at aged 5-9 years 20 per million person years. The FSR was higher than 100 between ages 0 and 45-49 years and below 100 after age 50 years with a high degree of statistical significance. Female excess mortality appeared as early as aged 0-4 years (+4.2%) and 5-14 years (10.9%) but peaked at 25-29 years (88%). Excess female mortality was 42.6% at ages 15-44 years compared to males. The weighted geometric mean of death rates at ages 0-44 years was 105.5 with a confidence interval of 105.0 to 106.0. A comparison of observed with expected values of FSR in a West model life table showed excess female mortality of 39% at ages 0-4 years 43% at 5-14 years and 88% at 15-44 years; there were no differences between the observed and expected values after age 45 years. Regional variations showed excess female mortality of 3% in Europe 6.2% in North America 5.9% in Far East Asia 4.3% in Latin America and 20.9% in the Middle East. There was a range of FSR of 1.7% to 21.3% in the 5 regions but values were particularly high in the Middle East. At ages 5-14 years the range was 8/3% to 29.2%. A comparison of observed and expected values showed a range of 21-55% higher FSR values. Country-specific analysis showed some anomalies.
Turbidity Distribution in the Deep Waters of the Western Atlantic Trough

The “background” turbidity (clearest water of the water column) has been mapped in the western Atlantic using standardized nephelometer measurements taken on R/V Conrad cruises 15 and 16. This background has then been utilized as a reference turbidity to map features of the bottom-water turbidity using older unstandard-ized relative nephelometer profiles. Variations in background turbidity of a factor of 3 apparently reflect the pattern of biological productivity in the overlying surface waters: high background in an equatorial belt and in latitudes greater than the subtropical convergences, but low background in the temperate latitudes. The resulting distributions of near-bottom turbidity values show a maximum in the southwestern Argentine Basin and a lesser maximum along the continental rise of the North American Basin. Bottom turbidity in the nepheloid layer decreases from both basins toward the equator and appears to be both a function of bottom current velocity and proximity to terrigenous sediment sources.
Emotional Labor: Why and How to Teach It

Feedback from graduates often indicates that their training failed to adequately prepare them for the human processes involved in the administration and delivery of public services. Although provided with training in cognitive skills, they are left on their own to acquire an appreciation for, and to develop skill in, nuanced emotive skills. This is especially the case for graduates who work in service-delivery programs that are emotionally intense, such as disaster services, child protective services, domestic violence, emergency medical services, corrections, and law enforcement. To a lesser degree, it is the case for all programs that provide person-to-person services. This paper discusses why these skills are important, how they are referred to in the proposed National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration Standards 2009, and explains how they can be incorporated into a curriculum.
The Seventh ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Location-Based Social Networks, Dallas, Texas, USA - November 4, 2014: LBSN 2014 workshop report

ACM SIGSPATIAL workshop on Location Based Social Networks 2014 (http://faculty.ce.berkeley.edu/pozdnukhov/lbsn14/index.html) was held in conjunction with the 22nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (SIGSPATIAL 2014) on November 4, 2014 in Dallas, Texas, USA. The objective of this workshop was to provide professionals, researchers, and technologists with a single forum where they can discuss and share the state-of-the-art of LBSN development and applications, present their ideas and contributions, and set future directions in emerging innovative research for location based social networks. This year program was composed of three sessions covering all aspects of LBSNs, with opening invited talks given by Dr. A. Haro (HERE/Nokia), Prof. M. Duckham (Uni Melbourne), Dr. Sen Xu (Twitter).
Integrating Neural Nets, Simulation, and Genetic Algorithms for Real-time Scheduling

In this paper we briefly review the generic architecture for intelligent controllers proposed in DAVIS et al. (1992). We then describe an approach for carrying out the scheduling functions contained within that architecture. This approach integrates neural networks, real-time Monte Carlo simulation, and genetic algorithms.
Role of Cellulose in Protecting Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli against Osmotic and Chlorine Stress

This study was undertaken to determine the role of cellulose in protecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) against osmotic and chlorine treatments. STEC cells producing cellulose (19B and 49B) and their respective cellulose-deficient counterparts (19D or 49D) were subjected to osmotic (1, 2, and 3 M NaCl) or chlorine (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml sodium hypochlorite) treatments. The survival of STEC cells was determined at different treatment intervals. Populations of 19B cells were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of 19D cells at all sampling intervals for the chlorine treatments, at 24- to 48-h intervals for the 1 M NaCl treatment, and at 9- to 48-h intervals for the 2 M NaCl treatment. Significant differences in populations of 49B and 49D cells were observed after 9, 36, and 48 h of treatment with 2 M NaCl and after 3, 12, 36, and 48 h of treatment with 3 M NaCl (P < 0.05). Populations of 49B cells were higher than those of 49D cells (P < 0.05) also after 5 to 10 min of treatment with 50 μg/ml sodium hypochlorite and 3 to 10 min of treatment with 100 μg/ml sodium hypochlorite. The protective effects conferred by cellulose may explain the greater survival of cellulose-producing STEC under adverse environmental conditions.
ASCI Grid Services summary report.

The ASCI Grid Services (initially called Distributed Resource Management) project was started under DisCom{sup 2} when distant and distributed computing was identified as a technology critical to the success of the ASCI Program. The goals of the Grid Services project has and continues to be to provide easy, consistent access to all the ASCI hardware and software resources across the nuclear weapons complex using computational grid technologies, increase the usability of ASCI hardware and software resources by providing interfaces for resource monitoring, job submission, job monitoring, and job control, and enable the effective use of high-end computing capability through complex-wide resource scheduling and brokering. In order to increase acceptance of the new technology, the goal included providing these services in both the unclassified as well as the classified user's environment. This paper summarizes the many accomplishments and lessons learned over approximately five years of the ASCI Grid Services Project. It also provides suggestions on how to renew/restart the effort for grid services capability when the situation is right for that need.
Nonlinear Flight Control Design for Longitudinal Dynamics

This paper investigates a state space exact linearization methodology for flight path angle control corresponding to the longitudinal dynamics of a high performance aircraft simulation model. The main challenge of this approach is explicit determination of the Lie derivatives of lift force with respect to flight path angle and pitch angle. These derivatives are not directly available in function format table look-up data. These derivatives, specifically the first and second partial derivatives of lift force as a function of the flight path angle and pitch angle are synthesized by combined use of the drag polar equation and consideration of the short period constant speed approximation. With this methodology, the state space exact linearization design approach transforms the original nonlinear dynamic system into Brunovsky canonical form with new input via state feedback and coordinate transformations. The new input of the obtained system is designed by using the linear backstepping based approach. Control of the single output flight path angle variable, expressed in the velocity axes motion equations, using the single input horizontal tail deflection signal is considered. Algorithms are tested and evaluated with nonlinear closed-loop simulation. Results indicate the state space exact linearization control strategy is effective for longitudinal flight augmentation.
Endoscopic ultrasonography is not required for staging malignant esophageal strictures that preclude the passage of a diagnostic gastroscope.

Background and aim Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is considered the most sensitive modality for local staging of esophageal cancer (ECA) and current guidelines recommend EUS in all patients with non-metastatic disease. Our aim was to identify a subset of patients with stenotic, non-metastatic ECA who will not benefit from staging EUS. Methods This multicenter study evaluated consecutive patients with newly diagnosed non-metastatic ECA referred for local staging by EUS. All patients had endoscopic evaluation of malignant strictures with 9.8/9.9-mm diagnostic gastroscope prior to EUS. Main outcome measure was to evaluate the relationship between degree of malignant stenosis and tumor staging by EUS. Results Of 100 patients (median age, 65 years; male 81%), gastroscope could not be advanced past the stricture in 46, all of whom (100%) had locally advanced disease at EUS: T3N0/N+ in 39 and T4N0/N+ in seven. Echoendoscope could not traverse the stricture in any of these patients. Gastroscope could be advanced through the stricture in 54 patients in whom EUS staging was T1N0 in five, T2N0/N+ in eight and T3N0/N+ in 41; echoendoscope could not pass through the stricture in 24 of these 54 (44.4%) patients, all of whom had T3N0/N+ disease. On logistic regression analysis, inability to pass a gastroscope through the stricture was significantly associated with advanced (T3/4) tumor stage (OR = 28.7, 95% CI = 1.64-501.2; P = 0.021). Conclusion Routine EUS examination may not be required in all patients with ECA as the inability to advance a diagnostic gastroscope past a malignant stricture correlates 100% with locally advanced disease on EUS.
The management of mediastinal infection following cardiac surgery. An experience utilizing continuous irrigation with povidone-iodine.

A group of 14 patients with postoperative mediastinal infection treated by continuous closed irrigation with dilute povidone-iodine solution is presented. Satisfactory eradication of the mediastinal infection was achieved in all patients treated, although two patients died of other causes prior to hospital discharge. The patients were evenly divided between the pediatric and adult age groups. The application of continuous closed irrigation in the treatment of mediastinal infection following cardiac surgery is described. This report suggests that the use of povidone-iodine in the irrigation system is effective in both adults and children and may avoid certain problems seen with the use of other agents.
Facilitated communication, Anna Stubblefield and disability studies

AbstractThis article discusses the case of Anna Stubblefield, a US disability studies scholar and Professor of Ethics at Rutgers University who was sentenced to 12 years in prison for sexually assaulting a disabled man. Stubblefield claimed that he consented, using facilitated communication. The article argues that facilitated communication is unscientific and unreliable, and that the support for Stubblefield from some disability studies scholars raises serious ethical concerns.
Input-Output Formalism for Few-Photon Transport

We extend the input-output formalism of quantum optics to analyze few-photon transport in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems. We provide explicit analytical derivations for one- and two-photon scattering matrix elements based on the quantum causality relation. The computation scheme can be generalized to N-photon scattering systematically.
Deficiency of Mannose-Binding Lectin Is a Risk Factor for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Analysis of 482 Patients

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic cancer patients. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule that recognizes microbial carbohydrate motifs, leading to complement activation, opsonization, phagocytosis, and cell lysis and is considered an important component of innate immunity. Deficiency of MBL is common due to genetic polymorphisms and has been identified as a risk factor for severe infections among myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). MBL deficiency has also been reported as a predisposing factor for chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, a locally invasive infection typically seen in patients with chronic lung disease. The association between MBL deficiency in cancer patients and susceptibility to IPA has never been evaluated. This study investigated whether MBL deficiency, as measured by serum MBL levels, is associated with the development of IPA in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing multiple cycles of antineoplastic chemotherapy including tandem ASCT and post-transplant consolidation chemotherapy. Baseline serum MBL level was measured using ELISA. The frequency of IPA was assessed retrospectively in 482 adult myeloma patients (2007–2008), 50 of whom developed IPA. Association between MBL levels and IPA was analyzed using logistic regression analysis (table 1). Patients with normal serum MBL levels (≥ 1000 ng/mL) had significantly fewer episodes of IPA [(21 in 303 patients; 6.9%); Odds ratio, 0.385; 95% CI (0.212–0.699); P = 0.0017] than patients with low (100–999 ng/mL; 18 episodes in 125 patients (14.4%)) and very low ( Table 1. Association between serum MBL level and risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (482 pts)
Trends in the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism Adjusted for Body Mass Index (BMI).

Abstract 2256 Background: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be increasing due to the obesity epidemic. Objective: To estimate the incidence of VTE and describe trends in incidence adjusted for the population9s increase in BMI. Methods: Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we identified all Olmsted County, MN residents with an incident deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) over the 13-year period, 1988–2000 (n=1,400). Age and BMI at VTE diagnosis and gender were collected for all cases. Age was categorized into 10 year intervals. Using a model for the population distribution of BMI derived from several (n=6) non-VTE Olmsted County cohorts (n=8,011 individuals), we calculated the probability of falling into each of five BMI categories ( 30 kg/m2increased from approximately 15% in 1980 to 36% in 2000. We applied these probabilities to the decennial census data for 1980, 1990, 2000 using linearly interpolated census values for intra-census years to obtain Olmsted County age/sex/calendar year/BMI category denominators. Generalized linear modeling assuming a Poisson error structure, and using a log link function, and a log (population) offset was used to assess the relationship of crude incidence rates to gender, year of diagnosis, age and BMI. Results: The overall average age- and sex-adjusted annual VTE incidence was 120 per 100,000 person-years (DVT: 66 per 100,000; PE: 54 per 100,000), with higher age-adjusted rates among men than women (129 versus 113 per 100,000, respectively). VTE incidence rates increased exponentially with age for both genders, ranging from 3 to 1,079 per 100,000 for age groups 0–19 to 90–110 years. Age and sex-adjusted VTE incidence increased by increasing BMI category (88, 112, 106, 150, and 195 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, by increasing BMI category). Unadjusted for BMI, VTE incidence was unchanged from 1988 through 2000 (p=0.70). After adjusting for age, gender and calendar year, VTE incidence increased with increasing BMI (p Conclusions: VTE remains a major national health problem, especially among the obese. Despite the dramatically increasing population BMI, and the significant association of BMI category with VTE incidence, the overall incidence of VTE remained unchanged over the timeframe, 1988–2000. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Four-wave-mixing comb spectroscopy

We experimentally demonstrate four-wave-mixing spectroscopy based on optical frequency combs. We use a co-linear excitation geometry and demonstrate separation of the linear and four-wave-mixing signals using heterodyne detection with a local oscillator comb.
Spatially-resolved studies on the role of defects and boundaries in electronic behavior of 2D materials

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials are intrinsically heterogeneous. Both localized defects, such as vacancies and dopants, and mesoscopic boundaries, such as surfaces and interfaces, give rise to compositional or structural heterogeneities. The presence of defects and boundaries can break lattice symmetry, modify the energy landscape, and create quantum confinement, leading to fascinating electronic properties different from the “ideal” 2D sheets. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the roles of defects and boundaries in electronic, magnetic, thermoelectric, and transport properties of 2D layered materials. The focus is on the understanding of correlation of atomic-scale structural information with electronic functions by interrogating heterogeneities individually. The materials concerned are graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and topological insulators (TIs). The experimental investigations benefit from new methodologies and techniques in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), including spin-polarized STM, scanning tunneling potentiometry (STP), scanning tunneling thermopower microscopy, and multi-probe STM. The experimental effort is complemented by the computational and theoretical approaches, capable of discriminating between closely competing states and achieving the length scales necessary to bridge across features such as local defects and complex heterostructures. The goal is to provide a general view of current understanding and challenges in studying the heterogeneities in 2D materials and to evaluate the potential of controlling and exploiting these heterogeneities for novel functionalities and electron devices.
Disparities in Access to Palliative Care

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care have been well documented among minority groups with respect to access to care, receipt of care, and quality of care. As a result of these disparities, minority populations are often diagnosed with late stage illness and have inferior outcomes likely leading to increased suffering. Little is known, however, about disparities in access to and use of specialty palliative care. As the population of minority older adults continues to rapidly increase, many will have to deal with the challenges of serious illness. Ensuring the availability of high quality palliative care that can meet the needs of this population is paramount. In this chapter, we will review the existing data on racial and ethnic disparities in palliative care among elderly minority populations. We will also discuss relevant policy changes that must occur in order to ensure that older minority patients and their families have access to quality specialty palliative care.
Desired transformational leadership behaviors in a religious organization: Analysis by hierarchical organizational level

This empirical study addresses the research question: What is relative importance of various transformational leadership behaviors at different hierarchical levels within an organization? The results showed followers rated the importance of transformational leadership behaviors higher at the lowest organizational level.
Use of Flow Cytometry for Diagnosis of Epilepsy Associated With Homozygous PIGW Variants

Abstract Background Biallelic variants in PIGW have been suggested to cause infantile spasms and hyperphosphatasia. PIGW encodes for a protein involved in the third step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) synthesis. GPI anchored proteins are increasingly recognized as important structures for cellular interactions and neuronal development. Methods Molecular testing of PIGW was performed followed by fluorescence activating cell sorting analysis of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and compared to controls. Findings An infant was homozygous for variants in PIGW (c.199C>G; p.Pro67Ala) with an associated phenotype of infantile spasms, myoclonic seizures, cortical visual impairment, developmental delay, and minor dysmorphic features. Alkaline phosphatase levels ranged from normal to mildly elevated. Flow cytometric studies showed significantly decreased expression of important GPIs, providing functional evidence of pathogenicity. Conclusion Our data provide further evidence of a novel autosomal recessive PIGW-related epilepsy disorder. Flow cytometry provided functional evidence of the pathogenicity of homozygous variants of uncertain significance in PIGW, and supports the use of flow cytometry as a functional tool to demonstrate decreased surface expression of GPI anchored proteins in individuals with variants of unknown significance.
Eddy Current Measurement of Thicknesses in Multiple-Layered Film

This paper describes a system for measuring the thicknesses of a multi-layered film. Standard techniques measuring the thicknesses of plastic coatings on a metal substrate do exist [1]. However, such techniques are incapable of offering the micron level resolution required for the application at hand. This project concerns measuring the individual layer thicknesses in a three layer film. The objective of the research is to estimate the thickness of each layer. This paper describes a system designed for measuring the thicknesses of the film layers.
Development of a semi-mechanistic allergenic pollen emission model.

Abstract Modeling pollen emission processes is crucial for studying the spatiotemporal distributions of airborne allergenic pollen. A semi-mechanistic emission model was developed based on mass balance of pollen grain fluxes in the surroundings of allergenic plants. The emission model considers direct emission and resuspension and accounts for influences of temperature, wind velocity, and relative humidity. Modules of this emission model have been developed and parameterized with multiple years of pollen count observations to provide pollen season onset and duration, hourly flowering likelihood, and vegetation coverage for oak and ragweed, as two examples. The simulated spatiotemporal pattern of pollen emissions generally follows the corresponding pattern of area coverage of allergenic plants and diurnal pattern of hourly flowering likelihood. It is found that oak pollen emissions start from the Southern part of the Contiguous United States (CONUS) in March and then shift gradually toward the Northern CONUS, with a maximum emission flux of 5.8 × 106 pollen/(m2 h). On the other hand, ragweed pollen emissions start from the Northern CONUS in August and then shift gradually toward the Southern CONUS. The mean ragweed emission flux during August to September can increase up to 2.4 × 106 pollen/(m2 h). This emission model is robust with respect to the input parameters for oak and ragweed. Qualitative evaluations of the model performance indicated that the simulated pollen emission is strongly correlated with the plant coverages and observed pollen counts. This model could also be applied to other pollen species given the relevant parameters.
Environmental impact of evolving coffee technologies

Coffee is a ubiquitous beverage in the USA today, accounting for 19% of the world’s coffee consumption. Although coffee consumption in itself is not new, the technology for brewing coffee and its corresponding environmental impact has been evolving rapidly in recent years, particularly with the widespread adoption of the single-serve coffee pod. This work utilizes a midpoint life cycle assessment with multiple environmental impact categories, to assess the environmental impact of a conventional (drip filter) brewing system, compared to a novel (single-serve coffee pod) brewing system, from cradle to grave. This work analyzes the impact of consumer habits (such as leaving the novel system in standby mode) and phantom electricity consumption on the environmental impact of the system, in addition to the brewing systems themselves. The TRACI (Tool for Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts) suite is utilized to define the impact categories for the analysis, providing a holistic view. The SimaPro software tool is utilized along with multiple databases to enable the analysis. The question as to which coffee brewing system has the lowest environmental impact is a function of the phase, boundaries, and impact categories considered. The conventional brewing system has a lower environmental impact, with respect to raw materials and manufacturing. However, when only brewing is considered, the novel system has a lower environmental impact, suggesting that tradeoffs may occur. When the overall brewing system is considered throughout its lifetime, the system with the greatest environmental impact is not only a function of the technology, but also human behavior. The conventional system has a greater environmental impact than the novel system across some of the impact categories when phantom electricity usage is considered. However, when standby electricity consumption is considered, the novel system has the greater environmental impact due to the increased electricity consumption. Meaning that it is not only the technological aspects of the system that influence its environmental impact, but also how the technology is used. A major conclusion of this work is that although the technology utilized to brew the coffee is relevant to the environmental impact, the human usage of the technology is also equally relevant, although it is not often the focus of literature in this area. In order to truly understand and quantify the environmental impact of brewing coffee across multiple technologies, more information about coffee consumption habits is needed.
Mapping the entire nerve architecture of the cat cornea

Objective To provide a complete nerve architecture and neuropeptide distribution in the cat cornea. Animals studied Two adult domestic cats. Procedure The cat corneas were stained with protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 antibody-a pan marker for nerve fibers-and then divided into four quarters and double labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP) antibodies. Relative corneal nerve fiber densities and nerve terminals were evaluated in whole mount images by computer-assisted analysis. Results An average of 21.5 ± 2.1 thick stromal nerves enters the cornea around the limbus where they split into many branches going up to the anterior stroma. Some branches link to each other, but most of them penetrate the basement membrane in the periphery to give origin to subbasal bundles, which run centripetally and merge to form a whirl-like structure (vortex) at the center. These nerve bundles send out many fine terminals that innervate the epithelial cells. Subbasal nerve density and nerve terminals were greater in the center than in the periphery of the cornea. Additionally, CGRP-positive central epithelial nerve fibers and terminals were more abundant than SP-positive nerves and terminals. Conclusion The architecture of cat corneal nerves shows similarities to human and mouse cornea innervation. This study provides useful data for researchers who use the cat model to assess corneal nerve pathological alterations, as well as in the veterinary field where corneal opacities, ulcerations, and infections damage the nerves and decrease sensitivity.
Prisoner of Pinochet: My Year in a Chilean Concentration Camp by Sergio Bitar

Bitar, Sergio. Prisoner of Pinochet: My Year in a Chilean Concentration Camp . Trans. Erin Goodman. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2017.
Tibial Tubercle-Trochlear Groove Distance Is a Reliable and Accurate Indicator of Patellofemoral Instability.

AbstractBackgroundTibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is a measurement generally made on CT scans that is commonly used to quantify the risk of patellofemoral instability (PFI); however, its interrater reliability and accuracy as an indicator of PFI in patients is poorly characterized.
A kinetic study of the oxidation of ζ phase praseodymium oxide: 109Pr9O16 + 19O2 → Pr10O18☆

Abstract Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the oxidation of ζ ( n = 9 in Pr n O 2 n −2 ) to epsilon ( n = 10) phase have been carried out using a thermogravimetric technique. The experiments covered a temperature range of 464 to 503°C and oxygen pressure varied from 0.01 to 50 Torr. The existence of a reproducible hysteresis loop which depends on the temperature and pressure is shown. Measurements of the oxidation rate under isothermal conditions were fitted to different rate equations and have been found to be well represented by the equation f = 1 − (1 − kt ) 3 . This fact indicated that the process of oxidation was predominantly controlled by the chemical reaction at the interface. The activation energy for the reaction has been calculated to be 15.9 kcal/mole.
The threat of energy diversification to a bioregion: a landscape-level analysis of current and future impacts on the US Chihuahuan Desert

Landscapes are being impacted by rapid change, especially by diversifying energy industries. As this process occurs, habitats with little development and fragmentation are now facing increasing anthropogenic change. We studied current patterns of land use and ecosystem services costs of energy development and predicted future impacts in the US Chihuahuan Desert. We measured land developed and modified by oil and gas, wind, and solar industries and mapped levels of development and fragmentation across the US Chihuahuan Desert, followed by an estimation of annual energy-related ecosystem services costs. Based on energy resource estimates, we then projected future risk of development in the bioregion. The oil and gas industry has developed and fragmented about 27% (58,000 km2) of the US Chihuahuan Desert. Wind and solar comprise small amounts of development and fragmentation. We estimated annual ecosystem services costs of all energy industries at 180 million USD, concentrated in climate regulation, raw materials, and cultural services. Two-thirds of the desert remains relatively unfragmented in a contiguous corridor along the western portion of the bioregion. However, this corridor is threatened by energy expansion, especially wind and solar energy. With this expansion, the bioregion could become highly fragmented and continuity of habitats compromised. We suggest conservation efforts focus on the remaining corridor, while future energy development should occur in areas already highly modified by energy infrastructure. With continuing expansion and diversification of global energy sources, our findings in the Chihuahuan Desert could represent threats to other ecologically valuable bioregions that have historically experienced little industrial development.
Back From Utopia: How Donbas Fighters Reinvent Themselves in a Post-Novorossiya Russia

How to cope with the end of utopia? How to move from making history on a day-to-day basis to capitalizing on a legend? That is the dilemma Russian veterans of the Donbas insurgency have faced since the exalting atmosphere of Novorossiya faded away. In this article, I trace the transformations of the Novorossiya utopia from the point at which Russian volunteer fighters began to return to Russia and found themselves compelled to reinvent themselves in a new context. I first look at the difficult reconversion from war to politics of Donbas heroes such as Igor Strelkov and Aleksandr Borodai and how their efforts to launch new structures based on their war legitimacy have succeeded or failed. I then turn to investigate the birth of new heroes, such as the writer Zakhar Prilepin, who wave the metaphorical flag of Donbas at a time when exaltation of the war has declined. After that, I explore how Novorossiya has become a literature genre that occupies the shelves of Russian bookstores, spanning from Novorossievedenie—the “science of Novorossiya”—to the rich subgenre of war memoirs and veteran diaries.
Single-cell Proteomics: Progress and Prospects

MS-based proteome profiling has become increasingly comprehensive and quantitative, yet a persistent shortcoming has been the relatively large samples required to achieve an in-depth measurement. Such bulk samples, typically comprising thousands of cells or more, provide a population average and obscure important cellular heterogeneity. Single-cell proteomics capabilities have the potential to transform biomedical research and enable understanding of biological systems with a new level of granularity. Recent advances in sample processing, separations and MS instrumentation now make it possible to quantify >1000 proteins from individual mammalian cells, a level of coverage that required an input of thousands of cells just a few years ago. This review discusses important factors and parameters that should be optimized across the workflow for single-cell and other low-input measurements. It also highlights recent developments that have advanced the field and opportunities for further development.
Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery

Organoids provide a promising platform to study disease mechanism and treatments, directly in the context of human tissue with the versatility and throughput of cell culture. Mature human retinal organoids are utilized to screen potential pharmaceutical treatments for the age-related retinal degenerative disease macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel). We have recently shown that MacTel can be caused by elevated levels of an atypical lipid species, deoxysphingolipids (deoxySLs). These lipids are toxic to the retina and may drive the photoreceptor loss that occurs in MacTel patients. To screen drugs for their ability to prevent deoxySL photoreceptor toxicity, we generated human retinal organoids from a non-MacTel induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line and matured them to a post-mitotic age where they develop all of the neuronal lineage-derived cells of the retina, including functionally mature photoreceptors. The retinal organoids were treated with a deoxySL metabolite and apoptosis was measured within the photoreceptor layer using immunohistochemistry. Using this toxicity model, pharmacological compounds that prevent deoxySL-induced photoreceptor death were screened. Using a targeted candidate approach, we determined that fenofibrate, a drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of high cholesterol and triglycerides, can also prevent deoxySL toxicity in the cells of the retina. The toxicity screen successfully identified an FDA-approved drug that can prevent photoreceptor death. This is a directly actionable finding owing to the highly disease-relevant model tested. This platform can be easily modified to test any number of metabolic stressors and potential pharmacological interventions for future treatment discovery in retinal diseases.
Research on the Development Status and Future Trend of Early-Childhood Education in China under the background of Education Informatization

This paper first explains the definition of Early Childhood Education Industry and shows its specific types of subdivision. In the aspect of Kindergarten Education, the author takes the supply-side policy support as the starting point, then calculates the number of single kindergarten students and the Gap of Teachers’ Strength, and also finds that there has an obvious problem that teachers’ structure hangs upside down between the private and public kindergartens. In addition, in the aspect of Early-Childhood Education other than Kindergarten Education, the author discusses Early Education and Parent-Child Park, Childcare Service and Preschool Training. Finally, this paper studies the education informatization, online education and AI + education in the field of early education, draws the industrial chain structure chart and the profit pattern chart and looks forward to the future development direction from the survey data, to offer suggestions for the related departments and early childhood education practitioners.
Anaphylaxis due to head injury

Both anaphylaxis and head injury are often seen in the emergency department, but they are rarely seen in combination. We present a case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with anaphylaxis with urticaria and angioedema following a minor head injury. The patient responded well to intramuscular epinephrine without further complications or airway compromise. Prior case reports have reported angioedema from hereditary angioedema during dental procedures and maxillofacial surgery, but there have not been any cases of first-time angioedema or anaphylaxis due to head injury.
Broadening Our View

Summary The growth in child welfare caseloads and the increasing use of kinship foster care has raised new questions about effective permanency planning. The majority of children in kinship foster care are children of color and have been less likely to exit the custody of the child welfare system than children placed in traditional foster care. Permanency planning which ensures the long-term protection and well-being of children from diverse cultural backgrounds requires a broad view of family, ongoing striving for cultural competence, collaboration between the formal child welfare system and the kinship systems of children in state custody, and a long-term view of permanency planning and child-rearing that builds on the case-management capacities of kinship networks to support permanent plans, looks beyond the child's exit from state custody, and helps families and larger kinship systems make long-term plans for the protection, permanence, and well-being of children.
q-series : their development and application in analysis, number theory, combinatorics, physics, and computer algebra

Found opportunities Classical special functions and L. J. Rogers W. N. Bailey's extension of Roger's work Constant terms Integrals Partitions and $q$-series Partitions and constant terms The hard hexagon model Ramanujan Computer algebra Appendix A. W. Gosper's Proof that $\lim_{q\rightarrow 1^-}\Gamma_q(x)=\Gamma (x)$ Appendix B. Roger's symmetric expansion of $\psi (\lambda, \mu,\nu, q, \theta)$ Appendix C. Ismail's proof of the $_1\psi_1$-summation and Jocobi's triple product identity References.
STRATEGIC NOTE TAKING FOR MIDDLE-SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES IN SCIENCE CLASSES

While today's teachers use a variety of teaching meth- ods in middle-school science classes, lectures and note-taking still comprise a major portion of students' class time. To be successful in these classes, middle-school students need effective listenin g and note-taking skills. Students with learning disabilities (LD ) are poor note-takers, which negatively impacts their academi c performance. This investigation sought to examine the effects of strategic note-taking on the recall and comprehension of middle- school students with LD. Forty students with LD were randomly assigned to either an experimental o r a control group. Using strategic note-taking, students in the experimental group were taught to record notes independently while viewing a videotaped science lecture. Students who were taught strategic note-takin g scored significantly higher on measures of immediate free recall/ long-term fre e recall , comprehension, an d number o f lectur e points and words recorded in their notes than students in a con- trol group who used conventional note-taking. The limitations of the research and implication s o f this technique fo r classroo m application are discussed.
An Introduction to Shamanism

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Thomas A. DuBois Year: 2009 Pages: 330 Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521873536 (hard cover).
Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome and Related Disorders of Organelle Formation

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) consists of a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders which share the clinical findings of oculocutaneous albinism, a platelet storage pool deficiency, and some degree of ceroid lipofuscinosis. Related diseases share some of these findings and may exhibit other symptoms and signs but the underlying defect in the entire group of disorders involves defective intracellular vesicle formation, transport or fusion. Two HPS-causing genes, HPS1 and ADTB3A, have been isolated but the function of only the latter has been determined. ADTB3A codes for the beta 3A subunit of adaptor complex-3, responsible for vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The many HPS patients who do not have HPS1 or ADTB3A mutations have their disease because of mutations in other genes. Candidates for these HPS-causing genes include those responsible for mouse models of HPS or for the 'granule' group of eye color genes in Drosophila. Each gene responsible for a subset of HPS or a related disorder codes for a protein which almost certainly plays a pivotal role in vesicular trafficking, inextricably linking clinical and cell biological interests in this group of diseases.
Detection of hemophilia carriers during pregnancy

The accuracy of hemophilia A carrier detection during pregnancy has been determined using combined measurement of VIII:CAg and VIIIR:Ag. These immunoassays detect determinants that are sufficiently stable in plasma that the assays could be done on frozen samples that had been obtained when women were seen for antenatal diagnosis studies (carrier women) or for routine prenatal care (controls). A linear discriminant was calculated that best separated the data for 32 normal women and 25 obligate carriers of the hemophilia gene. Twenty-three of 25 carriers (92%) and all 32 control women were correctly identified in this analysis. The overall classification accuracy (55/57, 96%) is comparable to that obtained by VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag measurements using freshly drawn blood samples in nonpregnant individuals. This study demonstrates that hemophilia A carriers can be detected during pregnancy with sufficient accuracy that the information may be used for genetic counseling.
Surface activity of metastable colloidal solutions

The surface activity of systems in a metastable or supersaturated state can be of importance in biological processes and the phenomenon of adhesion since the free energy of nucleation is utilizable for transport of material into interfaces. Crystalline aescin, a saponin, ground down to small particle sizes is used as an example. Thermodynamic data confirm the applicability of theKelvin equation. The micelle forming capacity of the molecule tends to stabilize the supersaturated state. Combination of theories of nucleation with those of micelle formation indicates such a buffering effects.