cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of Fabrics Woven from Twistless Cotton Yarns Produced by Wrap Spinning

We have determined the effects of structure on the strength properties of fabrics woven from twistless cotton yams. The twistless yams were prepared on a wrap spinning machine, which produces twistless staple fiber yams held together by a fine multifila ment wrap. The experimental yarns were spun with a water soluble polyvinyl alcohol wrap, which was removed during wet processing after the yams were woven into fabric as filling. Yams were produced from both normal and high strength cottons. Generally the results showed that for normal fabrics of average density, strength properties of the twistless-yam fabrics were comparable to those woven of ring spun yarns. Looser constructions of the twistless-yarn fabrics were weaker than comparable ring spun fabrics, however. The twistless-yarn fabrics had better flat abrasion resistance and lower air permeability. Fabrics produced from the high strength cotton were consistently stronger than those from the normal strength variety, regardless of yam type.
Instrumented harmonic drives for robotic compliant maneuvers

The dynamic behaviour of a harmonic drive, in particular the non-backdrivability, is developed in terms of a sensitivity transfer function (or 1/impedance). The instrumentation of the harmonic drive with torque sensor is described. This leads to a description of the control algorithm which allows modulation of the sensitivity transfer function within the limits established by the closed-loop stability criteria. A set of experiments on an active hand controller, powered by a DC motor coupled to an instrumented harmonic drive, is given to verify the theoretical predictions. >
University of Washington Twin Registry: Construction and characteristics of a community-based twin registry

The University of Washington Twin Registry is a community-based registry of twins identified from the Washington State Department of Licensing. A fortuitous quirk in the Washington State drivers' license and identification number assignment, and collaborative Washington State laws, permitted us to build a statewide registry. Since obtaining approval from the Washington State Attorney General, the Washington State Department of Licensing has provided us with information on over 26,000 newly licensed twins, and we continue to receive computerized records on approximately 80 new twins per week. The University of Washington Twin Registry is assembled by mailing each twin a recruitment packet that includes an information sheet, brochure, brief survey, and nominal gift. Once both members of a twin pair have completed the packet, the pair is enrolled in the registry. As of June 2006, 2287 adult twin pairs have enrolled in the registry; about one half of these are female-female pairs. Among all twins, the average age is 32 years. Based on self-report, 52% of twins are monozygotic, 42% are dizygotic, and zygosity on 6% cannot yet be determined. We also have instituted a clinical protocol for collecting additional data and DNA from all twins participating in research studies requiring an in-person visit. The registry has established policies and procedures to protect the confidentiality of twin data and guidelines for the use of the registry by investigators. Plans for the further growth of the University of Washington Twin Registry and its use are discussed.
Underestimation of glucose turnover corrected with high-performance liquid chromatography purification of [6-3H]glucose.

We have recently reported that during infusion of commercially available [6-3H]glucose, a radioactive nonglucose contaminant may accumulate in plasma causing errors in the measurement of glucose turnover. To determine whether purification of this tracer by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) before infusion would eliminate the contaminant in plasma and remove the underestimation of glucose turnover reported during hyperinsulinemia, four normal subjects each underwent two 5-h euglycemic clamps during infusion of insulin (1 mU.kg-1.min-1). Glucose turnover was measured with either commercially available [6-3H]glucose or with HPLC-purified [6-3H]glucose. HPLC analysis of samples from the clamps done with commercially available [6-3H]glucose showed that 9.7% of the infused tracer and 26% of the "plasma glucose 3H radioactivity" were contaminants. In contrast, no contaminant was observed in the plasma during infusion of HPLC-purified [6-3H]glucose. During the last hour of the clamp, mean glucose turnover using commercially available [6-3H]glucose was less (P less than 0.01) than the mean glucose infusion rate (7.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.5 +/- 0.3 mg.kg-1.min-1) yielding apparent "negative" (P less than 0.001) hepatic glucose release. In contrast, when HPLC-purified [6-3H]glucose was employed, glucose turnover equaled the glucose infusion rate (10.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 10.2 +/- 0.9 mg.kg-1.min-1) and hepatic glucose release was no longer negative. We conclude that removal of a tritiated nonglucose contaminant in [6-3H]glucose by HPLC yields correct estimations of glucose turnover at steady state.
Population Theories and Conceptual Schemes

Understanding population dynamics involves studying the particulars as instances of some general principles. A search for general principles of population dynamics has been going on for a long time. No one has discovered a definitive, allencompassing, space-and-time invariant set of principles of population change, but many have contributed interesting ideas. A familiarity with some of the wellknown ideas is expected of all population students. Let us start with Malthus. We will then go on to Marx and others, including the contributors to the formulation and reformulation of what has come to be known as the demographic transition theory.
Predicting Federal Judicial Decisionmaking in University Admissions Cases

This article considers the evolving federal jurisprudence on the use of race in university admissions through an empirical lens. We test the extent to which existing theoretical frameworks from the literature about judicial decisionmaking can be used to explain federal judicial decisions in cases involving the use of race in university admissions policies. Specifically, our test seeks to determine whether a judge’s decision to afford deference to a policy involving the use of race in university admissions can be predicted from background and socialized characteristics of the judge, idiosyncrasies of the court, or elements unique to the era in which the decision is made. Our results do not indicate support for the attitudinal or political cultures theoretical frameworks, which have drawn much attention in the judicial decisionmaking literature, to explain substantive or procedural decisions. Instead, we find mixed effects supporting the behavioral framework when examining substantive judicial decisions. The key element of this framework rests on the statistically significant effect found in a judge’s gender, suggesting a deference among female judges to university admission policies that permeates substantive judicial decisionmaking. We also find significant and large effects for the era in which a decision is made, particularly in substantive decisions, supporting evidence of a punctuated equilibrium theoretical framework in our sample of cases. Finally, we employ our model to predict how the Supreme Court justices would decide the Fisher v. University of Texas case and report our predictions. Our empirical inquiry provides insight into questions about judicial use of academic abstention and deference, as well as how race-conscious admissions policies will fare before judicial decisionmakers, given the temporal context of the cases and controversies involving race-conscious university admissions policies.
IMPROVED CASE MIX INDEX DUE TO EMBEDDING CLINICAL DOCUMENTATION IMPROVEMENT SPECIALISTS ON AN INPATIENT CARDIOLOGY SERVICE AT A TERTIARY MEDICAL CENTER

Compared to undercoding, appropriate coding of inpatient (inpt) services and patient morbidities enhances case mix index (CMI), increasing revenue, and improves risk-adjusted measures of hospital mortality and re-admission. Until May 2011, inpt coding at Geisinger Medical Center was performed by
Evaluating transformational solvent systems for post-combustion CO2 separations

Abstract Broad research is underway on developing transformational solvents that can capture of CO 2 from flue gas with lower energy compared to aqueous amines. Water-lean, or non-aqueous, solvents are being considered as a class of transformational solvents due to the prospect of lower energy duties by not having to heat and condense water. To date, little is known about the real world performance of water-lean solvent systems compared to commercial aqueous amine technologies, and whether or not they can utilize existing or at least similar processing infrastructure. This paper provides the key results from a comprehensive three-year study of the water-lean CO 2 -Binding Organic Liquids (CO 2 BOL) solvent platform coupled with Polarity-Swing Assisted Regeneration (PSAR). We present here thermodynamic, kinetic, and bench-scale data, followed by Aspen Plus projections of full-scale process performance for three CO 2 BOL/PSAR cases. This paper also provides discussions on materials performance and identifies viscosity as a critical property that most greatly limits the viability of water-lean solvent platforms. We provide results from a new effort spanning molecular modeling and synthesis and experimental testing to decipher the critical material properties needed to address this challenge. We conclude with implications for development of other water-lean solvent systems.
Simulation of optical plane wave propagation in non-Kolmogorov turbulence

We compare two methods of setting the turbulence strength of phase screens in wave optics simulations involving non-Kolmogorov turbulence: the characteristic length and equivalent energy.
Abstract SY22-02: Mammalian functional genetic signatures identify efficacy landscapes of combination chemotherapy

Many current cancer treatments involve the administration of multi-drug regimens. However, no clear consensus exists to explain how drugs interact to create combinatorial effects. Here we will describe recent studies using RNAi-based functional signatures in mammalian cells to test specific hypotheses underlying combination drug mechanisms. We find that while potently synergistic drug combinations reinforce the cytotoxic action of one component in a manner that highlights drug-specific genetic dependencies, clinically used multi-drug regimens minimize the effect of genetic diversity and thus homogenize response across distinct subpopulations. We confirmed this finding in spontaneously arising lymphomas, where standard combination therapy reduced the variation in drug response between different tumors. Thus, we suggest that commonly used chemotherapeutic drug combinations are intrinsically “de-personalized” and function by homogenizing therapeutic response across randomized patient cohorts. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY22-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY22-02
Polymers on a Random Liquid Surface

We report a recent theoretical study of polymers moving on a random two-dimensional fluid surface. The metric of the liquid membrane is free to fluctuate and these new degrees of freedom couple to those of the polymers - as a result, the critical exponents describing the polymers are changed, but are nevertheless related to those in two dimensions. The relation to possible experimental studies on membranes with vanishing surface tension, which should search for new universal values of exponents u and 7, is discussed.
Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of residues of 36 organophosphorus pesticides in rice

Objective:To establish a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of residues of 36 organophosphorus pesticides in rice without purification.Methods: The organophosphorus pesticides in rice samples were extracted with liquid-liquid extraction,and then analyzed without purification.Results: The detection limits were 0.001 μg/kg～3.5 μg/kg,the limits of quantification were between 0.004 μg/kg～10 μg/kg.The spiked recoveries were 88.33%～108.33%,the precision(RSD%) were less than 15%(except dimethoate).Conclusion: The established method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate.
Cytogenetic analysis of 1483 patients with spontaneous abortion

Objective Conducting the genetic analysis of the patients with spontaneous abortion with karyotyping.Method In 2008, there were 4010 patients conducted karyotyping, and 1438 of them have the case history of spontaneous abortion. Result In the 1483 patients, we found 32balanced translo-cation carrier.Conclusion Conducting the karyotyping analysis of the patients with spontaneous abortion may give guidance and instruction to the eugenics,and can prevent the delivery of hereditary disease to the offspring. Key words: Genetics; Karyotyping; Spontaneous abortion; Balanced translocation carrier
Investigating the Energetic Ordering of Stable and Metastable TiO 2 Polymorphs Using DFT+U and Hybrid Functionals

Prediction of transition metal oxide BO2 (B = Ti, V, etc.) polymorph energetic properties is critical to tunable material design and identifying thermodynamically accessible structures. Determining procedures capable of synthesizing particular polymorphs minimally requires prior knowledge of their relative energetic favorability. Information concerning TiO2 polymorph relative energetic favorability has been ascertained from experimental research. In this study, the consistency of first-principles predictions and experimental results involving the relative energetic ordering of stable (rutile), metastable (anatase and brookite), and unstable (columbite) TiO2 polymorphs is assessed via density functional theory (DFT). Considering the issues involving electron–electron interaction and charge delocalization in TiO2 calculations, relative energetic ordering predictions are evaluated over trends varying Ti Hubbard U3d or exact exchange fraction parameter values. Energetic trends formed from varying U3d predict ...
Influence of Hierarchical Interfacial Assembly on Lipase Stability and Performance in Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Hierarchical systems that integrate nano- and macroscale structural elements can offer enhanced enzyme stability over traditional immobilization methods. Microparticles were synthesized using interfacial assembly of lipase B from Candida antarctica with (CLMP-N) and without (CLMP) nanoparticles around a cross-linked polymeric core, to characterize the influence of the hierarchical assembly on lipase stability in extreme environments. Kinetic analysis revealed that the turnover rate (kcat) significantly increased after immobilization. The macrostructure stabilized lipase at neutral and basic pH values, while the nanoparticles influenced stability under acidic pH conditions. Performance of CLMPs was demonstrated by production of sugar ester surfactants in a greener, deep eutectic solvent system (choline chloride and urea). Turnover rate (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the CLMPs decreased following solvent exposure but retained over 60% and 20% activity after 48 h storage at 50 and 60 °C, respec...
Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

It is probably safe to state that atherosclerosis is the sum of several different processes. Each one of the past and current theories of atherosclerosis emphasizes one of these processes. Thus, if we open a contemporary textbook of pathology (1), we find at least four theories: (1) lipid insudation, (b) structural or metabolic alteration of the arterial wall, (c) intimal stress or injury, (d) thrombogenesis or encrustation. To these we should add the two newer theories that emphasize a further aspect of the process, cell proliferation: the theory of Ross et al. (2, 3) which gives platelets the stimulating role, and the theory of Benditt (4, 5) in which the proliferation is considered akin to neoplasia.
Acceptability and Preference Drivers of Freshly Roasted Peanuts

The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the sensory perceptions and aroma volatiles of 6 freshly roasted peanut samples and to explore the drivers of consumer acceptability. Normal-oleic Georgia 06G kernels (06G), high-oleic Georgia 13M kernels (13M), Georgia runner (mixed) in-shell (InR) & kernels (R), and Virginia (mixed) in-shell (InVA) & kernels (VA) were roasted to medium doneness for consumers, descriptive, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) tests. For Virginia variety, InVA was preferred over VA. High-oleic 13M was preferred over normal-oleic 06G in overall liking, aroma liking, flavor liking, sweet liking and roasted peanut flavor liking, and so on. Descriptive tests showed that 06G was highest in bitter taste. Cluster analysis divided consumers into 3 segments. Consumer overall liking was positively correlated with attributes related to fresh products and negatively correlated with the attributes that gave consumer the impression of oxidation and overroast. Consumer in cluster 3 had more light eaters and paid less attention to textural aspects. GC-MS data identified benzene derivatives and pyrazines as the principal volatiles. 06G had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher concentration of alcohols and aldehydes with the lowest concentration of pyrazines. As the major pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine had the strongest correlation with roasted peanutty flavor, while octanal, nonanal, hexanal, and 2-pentyl pyridine showed closer correlation with overall oxidized flavor.
Seeking Evidence for Basing the CS Theory Course on Non-decision Problems (Abstract Only)

Computational and complexity theory are core components of the computer science curriculum, and in the vast majority of cases they are taught using decision problems as the main paradigm. For experienced practitioners, decision problems are the best tool. But for undergraduates encountering the material for the first time, non-decision problems (such as optimization problems and search problems) may be preferable. This lightning talk will give a brief pointer to some new technical definitions and pedagogical strategies that have been used successfully for teaching the theory course using non-decision problems as the central concept. For example, instead of the familiar complexity classes P and NP, we can define analogous classes of non-decision problems, Poly and NPoly. The key question behind this lightning talk is to ask whether the new definitions and strategies are actually beneficial. Anecdotal evidence and certain theories of learning suggest the new approach should result in superior learning outcomes for students. We are seeking ideas, feedback, and collaborators interested in investigating this hypothesis and obtaining stronger evidence for it. To summarize, our central question is: how can we investigate whether students gain a superior grasp of computational and complexity theory when they are taught primarily using non-decision problems?
Credit assignment in genetic learning systems

Credit assignment problems arise when long sequences of rules fire between successive external rewards. Two distinct approaches to rule learning with genetic algorithms have been developed, each approach offering a useful solution to a different level of the credit assignment problem. We present a system, called RUDI, that combines features from both approaches. Experimental results are presented that support the hypothesis that multiple levels of credit assignment can improve the performance of rule learning systems based on genetic algorithms.
Excited States of Molecular Dimers

We present here a progress report on the study of structure and spectra of molecular dimers of aromatic hydrocarbons.
How Do You Know?: The Epistemological Foundations of 21st Century Literacy

This book defines the concept and practices of literacy through a discussion of knowledge, information media, culture, subjectivity, science, communication, and politics. Examining the ways in which the spread of literacy and education have caused culture wars in pluralist societies since the 16th century, the author reviews an interdisciplinary array of scholarly literature to contend that science, and more broadly evidence-based inductive arguments, offer the only reliable source information, and the only peaceful solution to cultural conflict in the 21st century. With a focus on the multifaceted practice of literacy-as-communication as embedded within larger social and political processes, this book offers a comprehensive study of literacy through five core topics: knowledge, psychology, culture, science, and arguing over truth in pluralist democracies. The central thesis of the book argues that we require a new literacy that incorporates reading and writing with advanced cognitive and epistemological skills. Today’s citizens need to be able to understand the basic cognitive and cultural processes through which knowledge is created, and they need to know how to evaluate knowledge, peacefully debate knowledge, and productively use knowledge, for both personal decisions and public policy. How Do You Know? The Epistemological Foundations of 21st Century Literacy is an interdisciplinary study that will appeal to scholars across the sciences and humanities, especially those concerned with pedagogy and the science of learning.
Low-dose compared to manufacturer-recommended dose four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for acute warfarin reversal.

Four-factor PCC is the recommended standard of care for acute warfarin reversal but optimal dosing is unknown. We aim to show that a low-dose strategy is often adequate and may reduce the risk of thromboembolic events when compared to manufacturer-recommended dosing. A weight-based dosing strategy of 15–25 units/kg was established as the institutional standard of care in May 2015. This retrospective, before-and-after cohort analysis included patients receiving 4F-PCC according to a manufacturer-recommended (n = 122) or a low-dose (n = 83) strategy. The primary efficacy outcome was a combination of INR reversal on first check and hemostatic efficacy at 24 h. Demographics, indications for warfarin, and presenting INR values were similar between the two groups. Patients in the manufacturer-recommended dose group received significantly more 4F-PCC than the low dose group (2110 units vs. 1530 units). More patients in the manufacturer-recommended dose group achieved the primary endpoint (75.4% vs. 61.4%), with more patients achieving the target INR on recheck in the manufacturer-recommended dose group (95.9% vs. 84.3%) and no difference in hemostatic efficacy between groups (79.5% vs. 74.7%). There was no difference in thromboembolic events at 72 h (4.1% vs. 1.2%) or at 30 days (8.2% vs. 4.8%). Significantly more patients in the manufacturer-recommended dose group died or were transferred to hospice care during hospitalization (21.3% vs. 9.6%). Utilization of a low-dose 4F-PCC strategy resulted in fewer patients achieving target INR reversal, but no difference in hemostatic efficacy, thromboembolic events, or survival.
Ontology (Science)

Increasingly, in data-intensive areas of the life sciences, experimental results are being described in algorithmically useful ways with the help of ontologies. Such ontologies are authored and maintained by scientists to support the retrieval, integration and analysis of their data. The proposition to be defended here is that ontologies of this type --the Gene Ontology (GO) being the most conspicuous example --are a part of science. Initial evidence for the truth of this proposition (which some will find self-evident) is the increasing recognition of the importance of empirically-based methods of evaluation to the ontology development work being undertaken in support of scientific research. Ontologies created by scientists must, of course, be associated with implementations satisfying the requirements of software engineering. But the ontologies are not themselves engineering artifacts, and to conceive them as such brings grievous consequences. Rather, ontologies such as the GO are in different respects comparable to scientific theories, to scientific databases, and to scientific journal publications. Such a view implies a new conception of what is involved in the authoring, maintenance and application of ontologies in scientific contexts, and therewith also a new approach to the evaluation of ontologies and to the training of ontologists.
Noninterference in Contemporary Chinese Foreign Policy: Fact or Fiction?

In this chapter, the author first outlines the historical basis of noninterference, how its interpretation has evolved over time, and assesses the conditions under which China is flexible about its application. The author then identifies the pressures for change that have shaped its historical evolution. Lastly, the chapter will address the more intrusive Chinese foreign policy behavior of the contemporary period, or interference with Chinese characteristics, the factors that shape it, and implications for U.S. interests.
Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors

This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Award DE-SC0002161. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of facilities and instrumentation supported by NSF through the University of Wisconsin Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-1720415). Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
“Invisible” visual impairments. A qualitative study of stroke survivors` experience of vision symptoms, health services and impact of visual impairments

Visual impairments (VIs) have a negative impact on life and affect up to 60% of stroke survivors. Despite this, VIs are often overlooked. This paper explores how persons with VIs experience vision care within stroke health services and how VIs impact everyday life the first 3 months post stroke. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 stroke survivors 3 months post stroke, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The main theme, “Invisible” visual impairments, represents how participants experience VIs as an unknown and difficult symptom of stroke and that the lack of attention and appropriate visual care leads to uncertainty about the future. VIs were highlighted as a main factor hindering the participants living life as before. The lack of acknowledgement, information, and systematic vision rehabilitation leads to feelings of being unsupported in the process of coping with VIs. VIs are unknown symptoms pre stroke and sequelas after stroke that significantly affect everyday life. VIs and vision rehabilitation needs more attention through all phases of stroke health services. We request a greater awareness of VIs as a presenting symptom of stroke, and that visual symptoms should be included in stroke awareness campaigns. Further, we suggest increased competence and standardized evidence-based clinical pathways for VIs to advance all stroke health services including rehabilitation in order to improve outcomes and adaptation to future life for stroke survivors with VIs.
The hidden value of large-rotor, tall-tower wind turbines in the United States:

The significant upscaling of wind turbine size (nameplate capacity, rotor diameter, and tower height) has, to date, been driven primarily by a goal of minimizing the levelized cost of energy. But w...
Sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome in a non-Amish infant: A case report.

Sudden Infant Death with Dysgenesis of the Testes syndrome (SIDDT) is a very rare condition associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in the TSPYL1 gene first reported in 2004. It is characterized by sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest, disordered testicular development, neurologic dysfunction, and is uniformly fatal before the age of 12 months. There were previously 21 reported cases of SIDDT in the literature, all from nine Old Order Amish families published in a single paper. In this report, we describe a non-Amish, phenotypically female infant with poor feeding and abnormal motor movements noted at birth. Initial testing showed that she had a 46,XY chromosome complement, and chromosomal microarray showed a significant absence of heterozygosity (AOH) totalling roughly 600 Mb across multiple different chromosomes, indicating consanguinity. Further workup with exome sequencing revealed homozygosity for a frameshift variant in TSPYL1 (c.725_726delTG, p.Val242GlufsTer52) consistent with a diagnosis of SIDDT, explaining many of her clinical features. However, she was also noted to have a mild T-cell lymphopenia and developed intractable epilepsy after hospital discharge. These features have not previously been reported in SIDDT and may represent phenotypic expansion. To our knowledge, this patient is the 22nd case of SIDDT to be reported in the literature, and the first to be of non-Amish heritage.
Magnetic ergostars, jet formation, and gamma-ray bursts: Ergoregions versus horizons

We perform the first fully general relativistic, magnetohydrodynamic simulations of dynamically stable hypermassive neutron stars with and without ergoregions to assess the impact of ergoregions on launching magnetically driven outflows. The hypermassive neutron stars are modeled by a compressible and causal equation of state and are initially endowed with a dipolar magnetic field extending from the stellar interior into its exterior. We find that, after a few Alfv\'en times, magnetic field lines in the ergostar (star that contains ergoregions) and the normal star, have been tightly wound in both cases into a helical funnel within which matter begins to flow outward. The maximum Lorentz factor in the outflow is ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{L}\ensuremath{\sim}2.5$, while the force-free parameter holds at ${B}^{2}/8\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}\ensuremath{\lesssim}10$. These values are incompatible with highly relativistic, magnetically driven outflows (jets) and short $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray bursts. We compare these results with those of a spinning black hole surrounded by a magnetized, massless accretion disk that launches a bona fide jet. Our simulations suggest that the Blandford-Znajek mechanism for launching relativistic jets only operates when a black hole is present, though the Poynting luminosity in all cases is comparable. Therefore, one cannot distinguish a magnetized, accreting black hole from a magnetized hypermassive neutron star in the so-called mass-gap based solely on the value of the observed Poynting luminosity. These results complement our previous studies of supramassive remnants and suggest that it would be challenging for either normal neutron stars or ergostars in a hypermassive state to be the progenitors of short $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray bursts.
Pattern recognition algorithm to identify detrusor overactivity on urodynamics

Aims Detrusor overactivity (DO) of the bladder is a finding on urodynamic studies (UDS) that often correlates with lower urinary tract symptoms and drives management. However, UDS interpretation remains nonstandardized. We sought to develop a mathematical model to reliably identify DO in UDS. Methods We utilized UDS archive files for studies performed at our institution between 2013 and 2019. Raw tracings of vesical pressure, abdominal pressure, detrusor pressure, infused volume, and all annotations during UDS were obtained. Patients less than 1 year old, studies with calibration issues, or those with significant artifacts were excluded. In the training set, five representative DO patterns were identified. Candidate Pdet signal segments were matched to representative DO patterns. Manifold learning and dynamic time warping algorithms were used. Five-fold cross validation (CV) was used to evaluate the performance. Results A total of 799 UDS studies were included. The median age was 9 years (range, 1-33). There were 1,742 DO events that did not overlap with annotated artifacts (cough, cry, valsalva, movements). The AUC of the training sets from the five-fold CV was 0.84 ± 0.01. The five-fold CV leads to an overall accuracy 81.35%, and sensitivity and specificity of detecting DO events are 76.92% and 81.41%, respectively, in the testing set. Conclusions Our predictive model using machine learning algorithms provides promising performance to facilitate automated identification of DO in UDS. This would allow for standardization and potentially more reliable UDS interpretation. Signal processing and machine learning interpretation of the other components of UDS are forthcoming.
Increasing Hispanic Students' Awareness and Use of Floor-Robots through Structured Activities.

When educators provide students with opportunities to interact with educational technology such as floor-robots, it may: (a) increase students’ awareness of new educational tools, and (b) enhance students’ use and engagement with new technologies. This case study provided upper-elementary, Hispanic students with opportunities to engage in structured and unstructured activities with floor-robots, with direct support from researchers and the cooperating teacher. These educational robots were introduced to student-participants on multiple occasions during regular instructional class time in a Title I school on the U.S.-Mexico border to determine: (a) students’ interest in continued use of floor-robots; and (b) students’ perceptions of ease-of-use of floor-robots. Floor-robots were selected largely because researchers had access to two types: a Roamer floor-robot and a Thymio floor-robot. For students from underserved populations, it is important that educators strengthen students’ self-efficacy in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) areas (Mau & Li, 2018), as well as increase students’ awareness and use of newer educational technologies, which is a growing field and includes floor-robots. However, in-service teachers may need guidance, support, and professional development when selecting and using new educational technologies such as floor-robots. Student-participants’ post-study surveys and interviews provided researchers with insight into elementary students’: (a) interest in floor-robots and robotics, (b) perceived ease-of-use, (c) preferred type of floor-robot in this particular study, and, (d) opinions on the potential uses and downsides of floor-robots.
Questionnaire on the process of recovering horses from general anesthesia and associated personnel injury in equine practice

Abstract Objective To collect data about the current practice of recovering horses from general anesthesia and recovery personnel safety. Study design Online survey. Methods An online questionnaire, including questions on general demographic data, recovery drugs, modality and characteristics of equine recovery and morbidity and mortality, was designed and distributed via e-mail to equine practitioners worldwide. Results Practitioners from 22 countries completed 373 questionnaires; 53% of the participants were board-certified equine surgeons, and the remainder were board-certified anesthesiologists (18%), large animal residents (8%), general practitioners (7%), large animal interns (6%), anesthesia residents (4.5%) and veterinary technicians (1.6%). Respondents were employed by academia (58%) or private practice (42%). Of the respondents employed at a university, 93% had a board-certified anesthesiologist on staff compared with 7% of respondents employed at a private practice. Most of the respondents assist horses during recovery, with 23% assisting every recovery and 44% assisting recovery in the majority of cases. Reasons for choosing to assist horses during recovery were: orthopedic procedures (57%), neurological deficits (49%), bad health (47%), history of poor recovery (44%), foals (42%), draft breeds (30%), magnetic resonance imaging (17%) and computed tomography (16%). Unacceptable recoveries were reported by 77% of participants. Commonly reported complications during recovery with any method were: orthopedic injury (66%), myopathy (54%), skin abrasion (53%) and airway obstruction (37%). The incidences of unacceptable quality of recovery (p = 0.09) or personnel injury (p = 0.56) were not different between assisted and nonassisted recoveries; however, more equine fatalities were reported for assisted recoveries (p Conclusions The method of recovery differs among hospitals. Recovery personnel injuries associated with assisting horses during recovery are an important and previously unreported finding.
X-ray lasers: the evolution from Star Wars to the table-top

In this paper we tell the story of the X-ray laser, which began as an attempt to extend optical lasers to shorter wavelengths in the 1970’s. Research took off in the 1980’s driven by the rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union in their quest to create a “Star Wars” laser shield against ICBM’s. At the same time large inertial fusion confinement (ICF) lasers, such as Novette and Nova at LLNL, were able to create the first laboratory X-ray lasers in Ne-like Se at 20.6 and 20.9 nm using 2 kJ of energy in a 0.5 ns pulse. These large ICF lasers could only be fired every few hours and used very thin expensive exploding foils as the targets. With the demonstration of the pre-pulse technique at Nova, where a small pulse of a few joules heated a solid target and create a pre-plasma that was then be heated by a second large pulse to create the lasing conditions, X-ray lasers started working robustly at many laser facilities around the world. The advent of high repetition rate psec lasers combined with the pre-pulse technique and grazing incident geometry opened the door to the many table-top X-ray lasers today which can be driven by less than 1 J of energy and operate at 100 Hz repetition rates. This has opened many new research opportunities for scientific research using X-ray lasers.
Androgen Receptor Expression in Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer

We sought to determine the prevalence of androgen receptor (AR) expression in a predominantly estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subset of breast cancers and delineate the immunohistochemical and clinical associations, including whether AR expression has prognostic significance in ER-negative tumors. We identified 69 ER-negative and 19 ER-positive breast cancer cases with concurrent immunohistochemical prognostic panels (ER, PR, HER-2/neu, Ki-67, and p53); immunohistochemical analysis was performed for AR using standard techniques. Clinical data were extracted from medical records. χ2 tests were used to assess associations between variables. AR was found in 49% (34/69) of ER-negative and 89% (17/19) of ER-positive cases. In ER-negative tumors, AR was associated with increased age ( P = .02), postmenopausal status ( P < .001), tumor grade ( P = .03), tumor size ( P = .03), and HER-2/neu overexpression ( P = .003). In ER-positive tumors, AR was associated with progesterone receptor expression ( P < .03). In univariate analysis of ER-negative tumors, patients with AR-positive tumors had significantly better disease-free survival ( P = .049). AR is expressed in a significant number of ER-negative cases and shows significant associations with important clinical and pathologic prognostic factors.
Exploring the feasibility of rural broadband cooperatives in the United States: The new New Deal?

Abstract Sufficient access to and utilization of broadband is an ongoing concern for rural economic development. Using a rural region in Northern New York (USA), we consider the investment and operational costs of a broadband cooperative and determine service prices for which it is financially viable. Service prices need to increase 75%–131%, depending on grant restrictions, relative to existing market prices for a new broadband cooperative to become financially feasible. Put differently, the cooperative would not cash flow at market prices unless there was at least 14 potential subscribers per mile at a 62% take rate. For a cooperative, the grant restriction that providers offer a minimum level of speed at a maximum price results in a high level of subsidization by high-speed to low-speed members to support the business. Given grant funding and member equity investments, financial infeasibility has little to do with construction costs, than with annual operational and maintenance costs required to sustain the system long term. More reasonable feasibility scenarios occur for existing utility cooperatives expanding services into broadband, particularly areas with a high proportion of high-speed, year-round users and strong take rates. Consideration of public benefits of broadband arguably needs to be added to the equation, particularly surrounding access to healthcare and educational purposes, and as a prerequisite to supporting taxpayer-funded public-private partnerships to expand broadband services. Policy levers to eliminate or subsidize property taxes and pole rental costs reduce cash flow prices considerably; however, feasibility is highly sensitive to assumed take rates.
Le tecnologie dell’informazione nella scrittura di Italo Calvino e Paolo Volponi. Tre storie di rimediazione: by Eleonora Lima, Firenze University Press, Florence, 2020, €36, 253 pp. (soft cover) ISBN: 9788864539447, 253

Published in 2020, Eleonora Lima’s Le tecnologie dell’informazione nella scrittura di Italo Calvino e Paolo Volponi. Tre storie di rimediazione focuses on Calvino and Volponi, two of Italy’s most c...
Development of functions to predict soil hydraulic properties that account for solution sodicity and salinity

Abstract Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and the soil water characteristic curve have been predicted from soil texture, bulk density, and other soil physical properties. These previous functions do not account for soil clay mineralogy or soil solution composition. The objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the performance of previously developed pedotransfer functions (PTFs) on saline and sodic soils, (2) predict hydraulic properties of saline and sodic soils with a range of clay mineralogy, and (3) develop PTFs that account for clay mineralogy and solution composition. Most PTFs do not perform well on soils with smectitic clay mineralogy and usually over-estimate Ksat and under-estimate soil water characteristic on smectite clay dominant soils. Accounting for soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) as an indicator of soil clay types and solution composition improved the prediction of Ksat which had a geometric root mean squared error of 3.28 cm day−1 compared to 6.04 cm day−1 for the best performing PTF from the literature. A PTF we developed to predict soil water characteristic curve was able to predict soil water characteristic curve with a root mean squared error of 0.032 g g−1 compared to 0.082 g g−1 for the best performing previously published PTF. The PTFs developed in this study improved prediction of soil hydraulic properties on salt affected soils by using soil CEC to account for soil clay behavior and responsiveness to the soil solution composition. The PTFs reported here can easily be used to predict the Ksat and the soil water characteristic curve of soils in response to changes in irrigation water quality.
Gender Analysis of Sexual Misconduct in UN Peacekeeping Operations

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor penyebab tetap terjadinya eksploitasi dan pelecehan seksual yang dilakukan oleh pasukan perdamaian PBB terhadap perempuan lokal di negara konflik. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis gender, pendekatan kualitatif dan studi literatur. Hal yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini yakni kebijakan PBB mengenai pelarangan beragam jenis relasi seksual pasukan perdamaian PBB dan perempuan lokal, data laporan tuduhan eksploitasi dan pelecehan seksual yang disampaikan penduduk, dan Indeks Perempuan, Perdamaian, dan Keamanan ( WPS Index ) dari negara pengirim dan penerima pasukan perdamaian PBB. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa dalam penugasan misi perdamaian, terdapat aspek gender yang diabaikan oleh PBB, yakni budaya patriarki di kedua kelompok negara, pandangan hyper-masculinism para pasukan militer, dan tujuan berdimensi gender dari negara pengirim yang ingin membentuk dan mempertontonkan identitas mereka sebagai pelindung. Penelitian ini menyarankan kepada PBB agar mengkaji WPS Index negara pengirim sebelum menerima pasukan perdamainnya. Kata Kunci: Analisis Gender, Eksploitasi dan Pelecehan Seksual, Pasukan Perdamaaian PBB, WPS Index
Revisiting the Role of Physicians in Assisted Living and Residential Care Settings

As the United States population ages, a higher share of adults is likely to use long-term services and supports. This change increases physicians’ need for information about assisted living and res...
Survival in cold water: The physiology and treatment of immersion hypothermia and of drowning

(1970). Survival in Cold Water: The Physiology and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia and of Drowning. Arctic and Alpine Research: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 233-234.
Sorcin (V19), a soluble acidic calcium-binding protein overproduced in multidrug-resistant cells: identification of the protein by anti-sorcin antibody

Sorcin (soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein), an acidic (pI = 5.7) protein (Mr approximately 20 kDa) previously designated V19, was originally identified in cells selected for high levels of resistance to vincristine. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and/or Western blot techniques now show sorcin to be overproduced in cells selected for resistance to actinomycin D (QUA/ADj), colchicine (CHRC5), and adriamycin (BE(2)-C/ADR). Not all cell lines selected for resistance to these drugs overproduced sorcin; e.g. cells of an independently selected actinomycin D-resistant subline of QUA, QUA/ADsx, did not contain increased amounts of sorcin. Sorcin was purified by preparative gel electrophoresis from QUA/ADj cells and used to generate specific antiserum in chickens. By Western blot analyses the antiserum was shown to recognize sorcin in QUA/ADj and in vincristine-resistant mouse and Chinese hamster lung, colchicine-resistant Chinese hamster ovary, and adriamycin-resistant human neuroblastoma lines. Low level expression of the protein was detectable in control, drug-sensitive cells. Direct binding assays with 45Ca2+ showed that sorcin was a calcium-binding protein. QUA/ADj cells contained increased numbers of double minute chromosomes (DMs), cytogenetic indicators of gene amplification. As found for two other multidrug-resistant sublines, sorcin overproduction in QUA/ADj cells may be the result of amplification of the sorcin-encoding gene. The overproduction of this protein in multidrug-resistant cells of various species implies that sorcin plays a role in expression of the resistant phenotype.
A Woman with Unilateral Rash and Fever: Cellulitis in the Setting of Lymphedema

Cellulitis in the setting of lymphedema is an uncommon but clinically important presentation to the emergency department. Stagnant lymph is an ideal medium for bacterial growth and progression can be rapid due to decreased ability to fight infection in the affected area. Infections are commonly caused by gram-positive cocci, though blood cultures are often negative. Treatment should be aimed at rapid initiation of antibiotics targeting these species. There may be a role for antibiotic prophylaxis in recurrent cases.
In the Self's Place

In the Self's Place: The Approach of Saint Augustine presents Jean-Luc Marion's rethinking of the modern notion of the self by way of an original reading of Saint Augustine through the lens of a phenomenology of givenness. Here he tests the hermeneutic validity of concepts forged in his previous works. His goal is to show that the Confessiones are inscribed within the confessio, that love is an underlying epistemic condition of truth, and that God's call and our response to God are both gifts. Ultimately, Marion points us toward a conception of the self that is at once postmodern and very Augustinian.