cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyanogen-induced γ-glutamyl to imidazole cross-link in carbonic anhydrase: A unique mode of inhibition

Abstract The irreversible inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by cyanogen occurs by a unique mechanism. Cyanogen is an affinity label: it behaves like a carbodiimide and produces an intra-molecular cross-link without being incorporated. The nucleophile-labile cross-link is formed between a γ-COOH of a Glu and an imidazole of a His with a 1:1:1 stoichiometry with the enzyme. The deletion of ~ 1 Glu and ~ 1 His was noted by amino acid analysis of enzymatically hydrolyzed carbonic anhydrase. The modified Glu was converted to 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid and quantitated by amino acid analysis. The presence and quantity of modified His was supported through high-resolution proton NMR analysis.
A spectrally efficient anti-jamming technique based on message driven frequency hopping

This paper considers spectrally efficient anti-jamming system design based on message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH). Unlike conventional FH where the hopping frequencies are determined by a preselected pseudonoise (PN) sequence, in MDFH, part of the message acts as the PN sequence for carrier frequency selection. It is observed that MDFH has high spectral efficiency and is particularly robust under strong jamming. However, disguised jamming from sources of similar power strength can cause performance losses. To overcome this drawback, in this paper, we propose an anti-jamming MDFH (AJ-MDFH) system. The main idea is to transmit a secure ID sequence along with the information stream. The ID sequence is generated through a cryptographic algorithm using the shared secret between the transmitter and the receiver. It is then exploited by the receiver for effective signal detection and extraction. It is shown that AJ-MDFH can effectively reduce the performance degradation caused by disguised jamming. Moreover, AJ-MDFH can be extended to a multi-carrier scheme for higher spectral efficiency and/or more robust jamming resistance. Simulation example is provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approaches.
Systematic properties of active technologies

In this paper, we demonstrate that the engine principle applies to all technologies which are intended to perform some action, and to provide a general definition for active technologies. This definition of an active system includes, combustion, water wheels, windmills, pumps, powered hydraulic technologies, refrigeration equipment, electro-optic light source, lasers, active optical detectors, living cells.
Numerical and Centrifuge Modeling of Seismic Soil–Foundation–Structure Interaction on Liquefiable Ground

AbstractThe effective mitigation of the liquefaction hazard requires an improved understanding of the consequences of liquefaction in terms of ground shaking, permanent displacement, and building performance. In this paper, results from centrifuge experiments of a shallow-founded structure on liquefiable sand are used to evaluate the predictive capabilities of a state-of-the-art numerical tool. Solid-fluid, fully-coupled 3D nonlinear numerical simulations were performed using the PDMY02 soil model implemented in a software modeling domain. The numerical model captured excess pore pressures and accelerations well in the free-field, but largely underestimated volumetric settlements due to loss of water during shaking. This was associated with the drastic increase in soil hydraulic conductivity when approaching liquefaction, which was not taken into account numerically, as well as the underestimation of soil volumetric compressibility. The contribution of volumetric strains to total building settlement was, ...
Neuropsychological and emotional changes in electrical injury

Summary form only given as follows: Neuropsychological (e.g., memory, attention, language functioning, problem-solving ability) and psychiatric (primarily anxiety and depression) changes associated with electrical injury have been described in the last several decades; however, there have been few systematic neuropsychologic investigations, and no consistent constellation of symptoms has emerged across studies. Many patients develop neuropsychological impairment following electrical injury. It remains unclear to what extent neuropsychological disturbance is attributable to possible neuropathological effects of the electrical injury, to poor post-injury emotional adjustment, or to some combination of these factors. Here, the results of the authors' neuropsychological investigation of electrical injury are reported. Two groups of electrical injury patients (acute and post-acute) were given a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, as well as measures of emotional/personality function. The acute-injury (Al) patient group was comprised of 21 electrical injury victims who were evaluated as inpatients or shortly after discharge, at an average of 17.2 days after their injuries (range=1-57 days). The post-acute (PA) group was comprised of 22 electrical injury victims who were evaluated at an average of 24.9 months (range=3.5-53.2 months) following their injuries. The 2 groups did not differ on age, sex, years of education or full-scale IQ. The results of the study to date indicate that mild memory deficits were present in the PA patients, while neuropsychological performance of the AI patients was generally in the average range. Poor memory performance in the PA group seems to be due to reduced rates of learning, although the PA group also reported significantly higher levels of emotional distress, which was strongly correlated to memory performance. The authors suggest that neuropsychological functioning is significantly related to poor emotional adjustment in the later stages of recovery from electrical injury, and that substantial differences exist between acutely injured patients and those presenting with sequelae from injuries several years after their accidents. The significance of these findings in the context of immediate and delayed electrical injury syndromes is discussed and results of the authors' longitudinal investigation of acutely injured patients is presented. >
Minimum continuing education requirements.

To the Editor: I would like to respond to your Editor's Note, “A Matter of Degree” (October 1996), which I read with interest while at a seminar entitled “Management of Low Back Pain and Sciatica in the Era of Managed Care.” This seminar was directed by Augustus White, MD, who relied heavily on the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Clinical Practice Guideline No. 14. This guideline, as you know, found little evidence supporting the cost-effectiveness of “physical therapy” in low back pain, whereas “spinal manipulative therapy” gained more credibility based on large outcome studies by chiropractors. It is critical to our professional survival that we serve as effective clinicians, achieving positive outcomes that are better than the curative rate of nature alone.… [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/76/1054?iss=10
Neither l-Arginine nor L-NAME Affects Neurological Outcome After Global Ischemia in Cats

Background and Purpose We attempted to determine whether Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) would improve neurological outcome and whether l-arginine (L-ARG) would worsen neurological outcome after transient global ischemia. Methods Halothane-anesthetized cats (n=6 for each group) were treated with intravenous saline, L-NAME (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), or l-arginine (300 mg/kg) 30 minutes before 10 minutes of ischemia (temporary ligation of the left subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries with hemorrhagic hypotension to 50 mm Hg). At 30 minutes of reperfusion, cats in the L-ARG group were administered an additional 300 mg/kg dose of intravenous l-arginine. Results Time (mean±SE) to isoelectric electroencephalography was similar among groups (saline, 26±11 seconds; L-NAME–5, 15±4 seconds; L-NAME–10, 36±27 seconds; and L-ARG, 22±7 seconds). At 72 hours, reperfusion pathological injury was severe and neurological deficit score (mean, range) was similar among groups (saline, 38 [11 to 70]; L-NAME–5, 52 [40 ...
Children’s Attitudes About an Overweight or Non-overweight Weight Victim

This study assessed whether children tended to select a line drawing of an overweight child as a victim of name-calling more often than a non-overweight child, reasons for their selection, and strategies for helping their target of name-calling. Participants included 161 children between eight and 12 years of age. Line drawings and a vignette about name-calling were used as stimuli. Children provided reasons for selecting either the overweight or non-overweight child as a target as well as their suggestions to help their target. Our findings revealed that an overweight child was more likely to be selected as a victim of name-calling. Children suggested that the overweight child, as the target, needed to loose weight to be accepted or ignore name-calling. Conversely, they reported name-calling would probably stop for the non-overweight target. Girls’ trait ratings were more favorable than those provided by boys, irrespective of their target. Some girls tended to recount personal experiences when discussing their attitudes about overweight targets and these answers revealed discrimination toward overweight youth. Analysis of the children’s comments indicated that they would be accepting of teachers’ and peers’ efforts to stop name-calling.
Optimization and Postbuckling Analysis of Curvilinear-Stiffened Panels Under Multiple-Load Cases

Recent studies have indicated that panels with curvilinear stiffeners offer a strong potential for structural tailoring. However, the design complexity requires use of numerical analysis and optimization techniques. This paper considers the problem of optimal design of a stiffened panel with cutouts and curvilinear stiffeners, under multiple-load cases. Multiple failure modes are considered: buckling, damage tolerance, stress, and crippling. An optimization framework is presented to minimize mass of the stiffened panel by a combined shape and sizing optimization subject to constraints on the individual failure modes. Different panel thicknesses are allowed for each region bounded by stiffeners or panel boundaries. The framework uses Python scripts to couple ABAQUS-based analysis with VisualDoc optimization package. A design example is presented to illustrate the capability, and the optimized design is compared with that obtained using industry-standard practices. A postbuckling analysis of the optimal design with four curvilinear stiffeners is carried out and discussed in detail.
Optical characterization of thin film laser deposition processes

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has recently been shown to be an effective means of depositing thin films from refractory targets. In this study, Nd/YAG and excimer lasers have been used to deposit thin films from refractory, high Tc superconducting, dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic targets. Optical emission spectroscopy of the laser induced plume has been used to determine the identity and energy (temperature) of the excited state species present in the laser induced plumes. Temporally and spatially resolved optical emission spectra were obtained using a gated intensified photodiode array detector coupled to a grating spectrometer. The individual emission spectra were analyzed to identify the atomic and ionic species present. The temporal and spatial evolution of individual emission lines were used to determine the velocity of the species in the plume. These results were combined with the results from in situ molecular beam mass spectrometric analysis of the plumes. In addition, studies of the stoichiometry and morphology, as well as the electrical properties, of these PLD thin films were carried out for correlation with the spectroscopic observations.
Factors influencing willingness to comply with HIV/AIDS prevention measures by female college students in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

With a 2.4 million people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), India is among the countries in the world most vulnerable to the spread of HIV. This study focuses on understanding what makes female college students (ages 18–24) in Kolkata, India willing to comply with HIV/AIDS preventive measures; these students are widely believed to be at low risk of infection with HIV. Through a questionnaire survey, the data used in this study was collected from 232 female students attending five higher education institutes. Multiple regression analysis reveals that religion, household income, perception of whether preventive measures would hamper freedom, and respondents’ perception of the effectiveness of preventive measures all influence the students’ willingness to comply with preventive measures. Based on its findings, the study makes several recommendations to improve HIV/AIDS prevention in Kolkata and West Bengal, India.
Identification of incident CKD stage 3 in research studies.

Background In epidemiologic research, incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly is determined by laboratory tests performed at planned study visits. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with CKD, persons with incident disease may be less likely to attend scheduled visits, affecting observed associations. The objective of this study was to quantify loss to follow-up by CKD status and determine whether supplementation with diagnostic code data improves capture of incident CKD. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 11,560 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study underwent continuous surveillance for hospitalizations and death from baseline visit (1996-1999) to follow-up visit (2011-2013). A subset of hospitalizations in Washington County, MD, was used in diagnostic code validation (n=2,540). Predictor Baseline demographics and comorbid conditions. Outcomes Incident CKD stage 3 ascertained by follow-up visit (visit-based definition) or hospitalization surveillance (hospitalization-based definition). Measurements Visit-based definition: ≥25% decline from baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate to 2 at follow-up visit; hospitalization-based definition: hospitalization CKD diagnostic code. Results Of 11,560 participants, 5,951 attended the follow-up visit and 9,264 were hospitalized. Never-hospitalized participants were younger, more often female, and had fewer comorbid conditions; 73.5% attended the follow-up visit. Incident CKD stage 3 occurred in 1,172 participants by the visit-based definition (251 were never hospitalized) and 1,078 participants by the hospitalization-based definition (237 attended the follow-up study visit). Sensitivity of the hospitalization-based CKD definition was 35.5% (95%CI, 31.6%-39.7%); specificity was 95.7% (95%CI, 94.2%-96.8%). Sensitivity was higher with later time period, older participant age, and baseline prevalent diabetes and CKD. Limitations A subset of hospitalizations was used for validation; 15-year gap between study visits. Conclusions The sensitivity of diagnostic code−identified CKD is low and varies by certain factors; however, supplementing a visit-based definition with hospitalization information can increase disease identification during periods of follow-up without study visits.
Land use vs. climate as causes of vegetation change: a study in SE Arizona

Abstract Research and discussion regarding the causes of historic vegetation change are important to potential policies and prescriptions for addressing problems related to environmental change. This paper examines the case of southeastern Arizona where significant historic vegetation change has occurred. Using repeat aerial photography covering a period of approximately 50 years, the analysis considers the two primary hypotheses for vegetation change in the region: climate, and land use. Subsequent to a brief review of these hypotheses and the methods employed to explore them, the paper looks at two sites in Arizona and analyzes the direction and cause of vegetation change. From both this analysis and a description of historical land uses in the area, evidence is presented that land use and not climate change is the primary driver of historical vegetation in the areas.
Induction of visual extinction by rapid‐rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of parietal lobe

We used repetitive, rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the noninvasive study of visual attention in humans. Six right-handed volunteers completed eight blocks of 20 single- and 10 double-visual-stimulus trials. The visual stimulus was a single asterisk on the right or left side of a computer screen or two asterisks presented simultaneously. The subject had to respond to the stimulus by pressing the right or left response key or both keys simultaneously. During six of the blocks, we applied focal rTMS in trains of five pulses at 25 Hz and 115% of the subject9s motor threshold intensity to scalp positions O1, O2, P3, P4, T5, or T6. Occipital rTMS led to a large number of misses of the contralateral asterisk regardless of whether a single or double stimulus was presented. Parietal rTMS did not induce misses of single stimuli but led to a large number of misses of the contralateral asterisk in the double-stimulus condition. The effects of temporal rTMS were inconsistent. We conclude that rTMS to the occipital lobe causes a sensory detection block, whereas rTMS to the parietal lobe can induce selective extinction of contralateral visual stimuli during a simultaneous double stimulus.
Parents' choice of pre-kindergarten: the interaction of parent, child and contextual factors

Past research indicates that parents often have difficulty in assessing centre quality and accessing desired care when choosing early care for their children. This study surveyed parents whose children would qualify for state-funded pre-kindergarten in the following school year. Surveys were completed by 203 parents from varying socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds at 20 centres. Exploratory factor analysis identified two highly correlated categories of considerations: (1) characteristics that described programme quality and (2) characteristics that designated practical features of care. A series of hierarchical regressions indicated a combination of cultural, family and child factors that are important when assessing parents' considerations for pre-kindergarten. In particular, socioeconomic status, parents' beliefs about childrearing, parent involvement, only child status and children's school readiness skills were uniquely related to parental endorsement of quality and practical considerations.
HAECCEITISM, ANTI-HAECCEITISM AND POSSIBLE WORLDS

Possible-worlds talk obscures the debate about haecceitism, rather than clarifying it. I distinguish haecceitism and anti-haecceitismfrom other doctrines which sometimes go under those names. Then I defend the claim that any definition of 'haecceitism' using possible-worlds talk depends for its correctness on a substantive theory of the nature of possible worlds. This explains why using possible-worlds talk when discussing haecceitism causes confusion: the term will mean different things to parties who depend on different presuppositions about possible worlds.
Your memory, connected

"Your memory, connected" is a series of three images generated by a net.art generator we designed and implemented with natural language processing and common sense reasoning techniques developed at MIT Media Laboratory. One of the series "Shall I compare thee with a summer's day" is shown in Siggrah Art Gallery 2006. This "Art Talk" paper describes the concept behind the art work and the system architecture for implementation.
Human Performance in a Knob-Turning Task

Knob turning is a common task that should influence the design of human-machine interfaces such as prosthetic arms, teleoperated robots, and virtual environments. This study examines the following metrics for a specified knob rotation: turning strategy, including arm motions used and number of grasps made, time used to complete the motion, and maximum applied forces and torques. The subjects' task was to rotate a one-degree-of freedom haptic knob at least 270 degrees for two angles of attack (hand parallel versus perpendicular to the plane of the knob), three knob sizes, and three motor gains. Results on the initial 260 degrees of rotation show that a more distal arm motion is used for a parallel angle of attack, decreased knob size, and increased gain. Further, a change in the angle of attack affects each metric, with the exception of the maximum z-axis force and the maximum lateral torque. A variation in the knob size modulates each metric, with the exception of the maximum z-axis torque and the maximum lateral force. A modification of the motor gain influences the outcomes of all of the metrics
Anomalous transverse acoustic impedance of normal liquid 3He

Abstract The transverse acoustic impedance of normal liquid 3He has been measured at excitation frequencies of 10 and 30 MHz, fluid pressures from 0.7 to 27 bar, and temperatures from 3 mK to 1 K. At 0.7 bar, our measurements are in agreement with the predictions of Fermi liquid theory and imply F2=1.25±0.4 if F1=6.3. However, above 8 bar in the zero-sound regime, the impedance is observed to be frequency dependent, for fixed ωτ. This frequency dependence is not explained by the present theory.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEMPLER DEATH ANXIETY SCALE AND THE COLLETT-LESTER FEAR OF DEATH SCALE

The present study investigated the relationship between the Templer Death Anxiety Scale and the four subscales of the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale. Product-moment correlations computed between 72 undergraduate nursing students' scores on these measures indicated that the two death anxiety scales were significantly correlated. Moreover, the Templer Death Anxiety Scale was most highly correlated with those Collett-Lester subscales which purportedly measure fears of one's own death and dying (rs = .61, .51). The Templer scale appears to be not only a measure of death anxiety in general but also one of fears concerning personal demise in particular. Significant correlations between scales support their concurrent validity.
Users' Perceptions of Internet Regulation An Exploratory Study

Immediately after President Bill Clinton signed the 1996 Telecommunications Reform Act, which included the Communications Decency Act—an attempt to censor the Internet of any obscene, indecent, or annoying communications—several of those opposing the Act initiated litigation to have the Act declared unconstitutional. These actions are the foundation for this study, a study that attempts to assess the perceptions of Internet users regarding the censorship of Internet-accessed material. Specifically, demographics of Internet users as well as estimates of their reported Internet usage per week were used to establish who, if anyone, feels the need for regulation of the Internet. Although essentially all Internet users in this study perceived the need for regulation of the Internet, it was those who used the Internet 6 or more hours per week that were more likely to see the need for regulation.
Informed choice assistance for women making uterine fibroid treatment decisions: a practical clinical trial.

Background. There is limited evidence about how to ensure that patients are helped to make informed medical care decisions. Objective. To test a decision support intervention for uterine fibroid treatments. Design and Setting. Practical clinical trial to test informed choice assistance in 4 randomly assigned gynecology clinics compared to 5 others providing a pamphlet. Patients. Three hundred women facing a treatment decision for fibroids over a 13-month period. Intervention. Mailed DVD and brochure about fibroid treatments plus the Ottawa decision guide and an offer of counseling soon after an index visit. Measurements. Mailed survey 6 to 8 weeks later asking about knowledge, preferences, and satisfaction with decision support. Results. In total, 244 surveys were completed for an adjusted response rate of 85.4%. On a 5-point scale, intervention subjects reported more treatment options being mentioned (3.0 v. 2.4), had a higher knowledge score (3.3 v. 2.8), and were more likely to report being adequately ...
Effects of Leading-Edge Protuberances on Airfoil Performance

Lift, drag, and pitching moments of airfoils with leading-edge sinusoidal protuberances were measured in a water tunnel and compared with those of a baseline 63 4 -021 airfoil. The amplitude of the leading-edge protuberances ranged from 2.5 to 12% of the mean chord length; the spanwise wavelengths were 25 and 50% of the mean chord length. These ranges correspond to the morphology found on the leading edge of humpback whales' flippers. Flow visualization using tufts was also performed to examine the separation characteristics of the airfoils. For angles of attack less than the baseline stall angle, lift reduction and drag increase were observed for the modified foils. Above this angle, lift of the modified foils was up to 50% greater than the baseline foil with little or no drag penalty. The amplitude of the protuberances had a distinct effect on the performance of the airfoils, whereas the wavelength had little. Flow visualization indicated separated flow originating primarily from the troughs and attached flow on the peaks of the protuberances at angles beyond the stall angle of the baseline foil.
Comparison of M[bond]S, M[bond]O, and M[bond](eta 2-SO) structures and bond dissociation energies in d6 (CO)5M(SO2)nq complexes using density functional theory.

Density functional theory studies of the series of isomeric d6 (pentacarbonyl)metal complexes (CO)5M(η1-SO2)nq, (CO)5M(η1-OSO)nq, and (CO)5M(η2-SO2)nq (M = Ti−Hf, nq = 2−; M = V−Ta, nq = 1−; M = Cr...
Transcriptional responses of the deep-sea hyperthermophile Methanocaldococcus jannaschii under shifting extremes of temperature and pressure

Growth and transcriptional profiles of the deep-sea methanarchaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii were studied under sudden up-shifts of temperature and pressure. Application of 500 atm of hyperbaric pressure shifted the optimal growth temperature upwards by about 5°C in a high temperature–pressure bioreactor, and increased the specific growth rate threefold at 88°C. In contrast, pressure-shock from 7.8 to 500 atm over 15 min, the first such pressure up-shift reported for a piezophile, did not accelerate growth. High-pressure heat-shock from 88 to 98°C, a condition relevant to the turbulent in situ surroundings of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, resulted in termination of growth. Transcriptional profiles for cells grown at 88°C and 500 atm, heat-shocked at 500 atm, and pressure-shocked to 500 atm, shared a subset of genes whose differential expression was attributed to elevated pressure. In the pressure-shock case, this transcriptional response was evident despite the absence of a piezophilic growth response. In all, despite the piezophilic capacity and high-pressure origins of M. jannaschii, the core pressure response was remarkably limited and consisted of differential expression of genes encoding three hypothetical proteins and a gene involved in DNA recombination.
Stress relaxation in molding compounds

Stress relaxation tests have heen carried out on an epoxy-based molding compound at temperatures ranging from ambient to 260°C. It is found that horizontal shifting produces coherent master curves which are different for different levels of imposed strain, i.e., the material behavior is nonlinear. The use of constant strain rate tensile test data to augment stress relaxation data in forming the broadest viscoelastic representation of the material is discussed.
Azithromycin and risk of sudden cardiac death: Guilty as charged or falsely accused?

We need not abandon this drug, but we should see if our patients have risk factors, and take precautions.
On solving discrete two-stage stochastic programs having mixed-integer first- and second-stage variables

In this paper, we propose a decomposition-based branch-and-bound (DBAB) algorithm for solving two-stage stochastic programs having mixed-integer first- and second-stage variables. A modified Benders' decomposition method is developed, where the Benders' subproblems define lower bounding second-stage value functions of the first-stage variables that are derived by constructing a certain partial convex hull representation of the two-stage solution space. This partial convex hull is sequentially generated using a convexification scheme such as the Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) or lift-and-project process, which yields valid inequalities that are reusable in the subsequent subproblems by updating the values of the first-stage variables. A branch-and-bound algorithm is designed based on a hyperrectangular partitioning process, using the established property that any resulting lower bounding Benders' master problem defined over a hyperrectangle yields the same objective value as the original stochastic program over that region if the first-stage variable solution is an extreme point of the defining hyperrectangle or the second-stage solution satisfies the binary restrictions. We prove that this algorithm converges to a global optimal solution. Some numerical examples and computational results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
Food habits of yearling and adult striped bass,Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), from Albemarle Sound, North Carolina

A total of 1,094 yearling and adult striped bass,Morone saxatilis, were collected from Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, from July 1970 through August 1971. Specimens were captured by gill nets, hook and line, trawl, pound nets, and purse seine, and ranged in size from 125 to 714 mm total length. Approximately 77 percent of the fish contained food consisting of 3,249 individual organisms. Twenty-five specific groups of food organisms were identified. These included fifteen species of fish and ten taxa of invertebrates. Fish were the main foods of striped bass and occurred in 93 percent of the stomachs containing food. Predominant species identified were Atlantic menhaden,Brevoortia tyrannus, blueback herring,Alosa aestivalis, and bay anchovy,Anchoa mitchilli. Invertebrates were of secondary importance and consisted mainly of blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus, penaeid shrimp, and gammarid amphipods. Food habits varied substantially with size of fish, area, and season of collection. Cannibalism was rarely encountered. Only two yearling striped bass from over two hundred examined (1 percent) contained youngMorone saxatilis. No striped bass were found in larger specimens. Striped bass are capable of consuming clupeids which are approximately 60 percent of striped bass length. Striped bass generally fed on smaller fish which averaged 20 percent of the predator’s length. Size availability of forage is an important factor in Albemarle Sound. Striped bass preferred the soft-rayed species which generally occurred as juveniles in the sound.
Direct spectral recovery using X-ray fluorescence measurements for material decomposition applications using photon counting spectral X-ray detectors

We present investigations into direct, calibration-free recovery of distorted spectral x-ray measurements with the Medipix 2 detector. Spectral x-ray measurements using pixelated photon counting spectral x-ray detectors are subject to significant spectral distortion. For detectors with small pixel size, charge sharing between adjacent electrodes often dominates this distortion. In material decomposition applications, a popular spectral recovery technique employs a calibration phantom with known spectral properties. This works due to the similarity of the attenuation properties of the phantom and the material to be studied. However, this approach may be too simplistic for clinical imaging applications as it assumes the homogeneity (and knowledge) of exactly the properties whose variation accounts entirely for the diagnostic content of the spectral data obtained by the photon counting detector. It may also be difficult to find the right calibration phantom for varying patient size and tissue densities on a case-by-case basis. Thus, it is desirable to develop direct correction strategies, based on the objectively measurable response of the detector. We model analytically the distortion of a spectral signal in a PCSXD by applying Gaussian broadening and a charge-sharing model. The model parameters are fitted to the measured fluorescence of several metals. While we are investigating the methodology using Medipix detectors, it should be applicable to other PCXDs as well.
The solubility of hydrogen in super-pure-iron single crystals

Abstract An equilibrate-quench-analyze technique has been used to measure the temperature dependence of hydrogen solubility in a super-pure-iron single crystal. The non-linearity of the Arrhenius plot of the solubility, which had been previously found in the case of super-pure, polycrystalline iron, was also determined for the single crystal. The new data provide evidence that the non-Arrhenius behavior, in the temperature range measured, is not due to the trapping of H-atoms at dislocations, grain boundaries, or dissolved impurity atoms.
The formation of α-acetolactic acid and acetylmethylcarbinol by Ascaris lumbricoides☆☆☆

Abstract 1. 1. Ascaris lumbricoides var. suis has been shown to produce acetylmethylcarbinol (AMC) as a normal product of its metabolism. Pyruvate, acetaldehyde, and pyruvate plus acetaldehyde stimulate AMC formation. 2. 2. Homogenates of Ascaris muscle have been obtained which form AMC from pyruvate, acetaldehyde, or pyruvate plus acetaldehyde. In both the intact helminths and homogenates, approximately twice as much AMC is formed from acetaldehyde as from pyruvate. When pyruvate plus acetaldehyde were employed as substrates, AMC formation was stimulated 8- to 10-fold. 3. 3. Homogenates also catalyze the conversion of pyruvate to α-acetolactic acid which accumulates in the reaction. Attempts to demonstrate an α-acetolactic acid decarboxylase have failed. 4. 4. The corrected specific optical rotation of the enzymatically formed AMC was −85 °.
Classical spin-field model of a one-dimensional ferromagnet in an external magnetic field

Abstract The low temperature field dependent magnetization and susceptibility of the linear ferromagnet CsNiF 3 are compared with calculations for a one-dimensional classical spin field model.
STAT3 and HIF1α cooperatively activate HIF1 target genes in MDA-MB-231 and RCC4 cells

Solid tumors often exhibit simultaneously inflammatory and hypoxic microenvironments. The ‘signal transducer and activator of transcription-3’ (STAT3)-mediated inflammatory response and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated hypoxia response have been independently shown to promote tumorigenesis through the activation of HIF or STAT3 target genes and to be indicative of a poor prognosis in a variety of tumors. We report here for the first time that STAT3 is involved in the HIF1, but not HIF2-mediated hypoxic transcriptional response. We show that inhibiting STAT3 activity in MDA-MB-231 and RCC4 cells by a STAT3 inhibitor or STAT3 small interfering RNA significantly reduces the levels of HIF1, but not HIF2 target genes in spite of normal levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF1α) and HIF2α protein. Mechanistically, STAT3 activates HIF1 target genes by binding to HIF1 target gene promoters, interacting with HIF1α protein and recruiting coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300, and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to form enhanceosome complexes that contain HIF1α, STAT3, CBP, p300 and RNA Pol II on HIF1 target gene promoters. Functionally, the effect of STAT3 knockdown on proliferation, motility and clonogenic survival of tumor cells in vitro is phenocopied by HIF1α knockdown in hypoxic cells, whereas STAT3 knockdown in normoxic cells also reduces cell proliferation, motility and clonogenic survival. This indicates that STAT3 works with HIF1 to activate HIF1 target genes and to drive HIF1-depedent tumorigenesis under hypoxic conditions, but also has HIF-independent activity in normoxic and hypoxic cells. Identifying the role of STAT3 in the hypoxia response provides further data supporting the effectiveness of STAT3 inhibitors in solid tumor treatment owing to their usefulness in inhibiting both the STAT3 and HIF1 pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways in some cancer types.
Finding congressional journals in the U.S. Serial Set

Abstract Congressional journals are the only government publications mandated by the Constitution of the United States. Unfortunately, they are often overlooked in favor of the sometimes more complete Congressional Record and its predecessors. From the beginning of the Serial Set in 1817 until 1952 the Journals were printed as a part of that collection. The attached list may be used as a finding tool for those needing to use the Journals included in the Serial Set.
EQUILIBRIUM RADIATION FROM ISOTHERMAL HYDROGEN--HELIUM PLASMAS.

Isothermal hydrogen helium plasmas equilibrium radiation, discussing composition and radiation measurement, layers, line and continuum processes
Correlation between survival during food deprivation and search behaviour in populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Search behaviour and survival during food deprivation were compared in six populations of Drosophila melanogaster derived from field collections. Search duration or intensity, as measured by displacement after feeding, number of revisits to the food, and tendency to fly away during food search, vary among the six different populations. Survival times during food deprivation, shown here to be a heritable trait, also differ significantly among the tested populations. Survival during food deprivation is correlated with displacement and revisits. Flies from populations with shorter displacement values (more intense search) tend to survive for shorter periods when deprived of food, whereas flies from populations with longer displacement values (less intense search) tend to survive for longer periods when deprived of food. The results support (1) a functional group of locomotory control elements influencing the outcome of a searching bout, and (2) a negative correlation between search intensity and survival during food deprivation and (3) significantly greater variability between than within populations for searching and survival.
A randomized trial of tailoring and motivational interviewing to promote fruit and vegetable consumption for cancer prevention and control.

Background Healthful dietary patterns, including eating fruits and vegetables (F&V) and avoiding obesity, may decrease the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. In addition to promoting health for the general population, a cancer diagnosis may provide a “teachable moment,” facilitating the adoption of more healthful eating habits and leading to lower risk of chronic disease and better overall health.
On extensions of compact positive operators on Banach lattices

Abstract Extension properties of compact positive operators on Banach lattices are investigated. The following results are obtained: 1. (1) Any compact positive operator (any compact lattice homomorphism, resp.) from a majorizing sublattice G of a Banach lattice E into another Banach lattice F can be extended to a compact positive operator (a compact lattice homomorphism, resp.) from E into F ; 2. (2) Any compact positive operator defined on a closed majorizing sublattice G of a Banach lattice E has a compact positive extension on E that preserves the spectrum (a necessary modification is needed). Related extension problems are also studied.
Flow modeling of the VARTM process including progressive saturation effects

Modeling of vacuum based liquid composite molding methods (e.g., VARTM) relies on good understanding of closely coupled phenomena. The resin flow depends on the preform permeability, which in turn depends on the local fluid pressure; the preform compaction behavior, and the membrane stresses in the vacuum bag. It has also been shown that for many preforms there is a significant unsaturated region behind the flow front, and that the flow in this region affects the overall flow behavior of the process. Studies of preform compaction have shown that the preform stiffness, as well as being non-linear and exhibiting significant hysteresis, is dependant on the fluid saturation. For this reason most researchers model the preform compaction based on the pressure-compaction behavior of saturated preforms during unloading. This assumption leads to an effective discontinuity in preform thickness at the flow front, which is not observed in actual experiments. In this paper an improved compaction model incorporating the saturation dependence of the compaction pressure in the partially saturated region, is used in a one-dimensional model of the VARTM process. The model gives physically more realistic results for the thickness in the flow front region, and an improved model for the consolidation of the preform at the end of infusion.
Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment of Erythroplasia of Queyrat

Abstract. We present a case of erythroplasia of Queyrat in a 77-year-old man involving the distal two-thirds of the penis. There was no urethral or periurethral involvement. Due to the location of the lesion, its recognition as carcinoma in situ, and the technical difficulty of cold-steel excision in this area, we used the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser to selectively destroy the tumor. In this case the laser provided controllable tissue destruction, ease of surgery, and excellent cosmesis.
Combining labeled and unlabeled data with co-training

We consider the problem of using a large unlabeled sample to boost performance of a learning algorit,hrn when only a small set of labeled examples is available. In particular, we consider a problem setting motivated by the task of learning to classify web pages, in which the description of each example can be partitioned into two distinct views. For example, the description of a web page can be partitioned into the words occurring on that page, and the words occurring in hyperlinks t,hat point to that page. We assume that either view of the example would be sufficient for learning if we had enough labeled data, but our goal is to use both views together to allow inexpensive unlabeled data to augment, a much smaller set of labeled examples. Specifically, the presence of two distinct views of each example suggests strategies in which two learning algorithms are trained separately on each view, and then each algorithm’s predictions on new unlabeled examples are used to enlarge the training set of the other. Our goal in this paper is to provide a PAC-style analysis for this setting, and, more broadly, a PAC-style framework for the general problem of learning from both labeled and unlabeled data. We also provide empirical results on real web-page data indicating that this use of unlabeled examples can lead to significant improvement of hypotheses in practice. *This research was supported in part by the DARPA HPKB program under contract F30602-97-1-0215 and by NSF National Young investigator grant CCR-9357793. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. TO copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. COLT 98 Madison WI USA Copyright ACM 1998 l-58113-057--0/98/ 7...%5.00 92 Tom Mitchell School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891 mitchell+@cs.cmu.edu
Sequential versus direct multiphoton absorption

Abstract We present results of exact calculations on a three-level Morse oscillator modeling HF which suggest that multiphoton absorption proceeds by sequential single-level transitions, transitions arising from coupling between non-adjacent states being dynamically negligible. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation is integrated in the Floquet formalism.
The Location and Growth of Business and Professional Services in American Metropolitan Areas, 1976–1986

Abstract The economic base of American metropolitan areas relies increasingly on business and professional services. We explore the causes for fast growth of these sectors in metropolitan areas for 1976–86. Business and professional services produce new types of inputs to a large number of sectors. They encompass far more than externalization of activities once produced internally by manufacturers. We emphasize localization of business and professional services in selected metropolitan areas driven by the demand for skilled labor and information. Using employment data for SMSAs, we present empirical evidence verifying the concentration of business and professional services in the largest metropolitan areas and a temporal lag in their market penetration of smaller metropolitan areas. We introduce a new measure called a growth quotient to show that these services are growing rapidly in selected regional metropolitan areas. SMSAs in the industrial belt, especially in their central counties, rely on business ...
Phosphate and ATP uptake and growth kinetics in axenic cultures of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus CCMP 1334

Phosphorus potentially limits the growth and productivity of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus in many oligotrophic oceans. Both dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) could be important P sources in these regimes. We compared DIP and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) uptake and growth kinetics using axenic semi-continuous cultures of Synechococcus CCMP 1334 grown on both P substrates, under both P-limited and P-replete conditions. Molar C:total P ratios and N:total P ratios were 417–431 and 65–68, respectively, under severely P-limited growth conditions for both P sources, but were near Redfield values at >1.0 µM P as either DIP or ATP, and were inversely proportional to growth rates. Synechococcus grown on ATP as the sole P-source have the same maximum growth rates, lower half-saturation constants for growth, and similar cellular P quotas compared with cultures grown on DIP. DI33P and 33P-ATP uptake experiments confirmed that both can be used by Synechococcus,...
Development and testing of a newly proposed continuously variable stiffness/damping device for vibration control

Many variable stiffness and damping devices have been proposed to mitigate the unwanted effects of vibrations. Although the stiffness or damping of these devices may be varied in real-time, many are limited in range and speed. The objective of this study is to propose a new variable stiffness/damping device to improve upon these limitations. The continuously variable amplification device (CVAD) is comprised of a spherical continuously variable transmission (SCVT) augmented with rack-and-pinions and connected in series with a simple stiffness or damping element. The CVAD amplifies linear motion to the stiffness or damping element, and then amplifies the element force back through the system. The resulting CVAD force is increased by a factor equal to the amplification factor squared, relative to the stiffness or damping element alone. The amplification factor is determined by a single controllable parameter that can be adjusted rapidly in real-time. The resulting system is capable of producing a large, continuous, and instantaneous range of stiffness or damping. In the present work, the concept for the CVAD is proposed and equations are presented for the effective stiffness and damping of the CVAD connected in series with both linear and rotational elements. Then, corresponding mathematical models are developed based on the system's dynamics considering the motion of each component. Numerical simulations are performed for the CVAD connected to a linear and rotational stiffness element and subject to a harmonic input. The results indicate that the same wide range of effective stiffness can be achieved using both elements.