cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The physics of tablet compression. VI. Compressional behavior of phenacetin and methacetin granulations.

A comparative study was made of the compressional behavior of methacetin and phenacetin granulations. Phenacetin tablets made at high compressional forces from a granulation containing a low proportion of partially hydrolyzed starch were physically defective, Incorporation of a higher percentage of partially hydrolyzed starch for binding purposes as well as other different binding agents in phenacetin formulations resulted, on compression, in tablets free from capping or splitting. The compressional behavior of a methacetin granulation was found to be different from that of a phenacetin granulation containing approximately the same proportion of the same binding agent.
Simplified Cystography in Stress Urinary Incontinence

Summary Lateral cystograms done with a urethral catheter in place clearly define the vesico-urethral segment. Lateral X-ray films at rest and with straining while the patient is lying on the flat X-ray table determine the initial resting position and the degree of mobility of the vesico-urethral segment. Normally the vesico-urethral junction is opposite the lower third of the pubic bone and moves about 0–5 to 1–5 cm downward and posteriorly with straining. In true stress incontinence, the intrinsic urinary sphincteric mechanism is usually intact (unless surgically damaged), yet weakened by lack of pelvic support–which leads to excessive mobility and/or abnormal resting position of the vesico-urethral segment. Surgery can correct only these 2 defects if present. Simplified cystographic studies can offer valuable information in confirming the diagnosis and in assessing the prognosis.
What Is Schizophrenia

One of the main questions related to schizophrenia is, naturally enough, what is it? Such a question may seem obvious, naive, impossible, or any combination of these. And certainly it is a bit demanding to expect that anyone could say what schizophrenia is in 1,000 words. On the other hand, we felt that it was worth the effort. We hope that presenting these brief discussions on "what is schizophrenia" by persons who have worked extensively in the field will allow the reader to note areas of overlap and disagreement as well as variations in emphasis. Although no one may yet be able to provide the definitive answer, at least this collection of informed opinions may help clarify the major questions. The group of essays by Solomon H. Snyder, Seymour S. Kety, and Michael J. Goldstein is the second in this series. Further collections of these statements will be presented in subsequent issues. Readers' responses and comments are cordially invited.
Laws of Race/Laws of Representation: The Construction of Race and Law in Contemporary American Film

Within hours of the soul-stirring and nation-lifting election of Barack Obama as president, journalists and pundits were announcing the demise of all prior notions of race in America. Even during the campaign itself, narratives of a "post-racial" America were bandied about. But the historic nature of Obama’s ascendance does not obliterate or transcend the vast history of race and racial representation in America. The representational techniques of the construction of both law and race in popular film are deeply interdependent. Both law and film are story-telling, narrative systems. Race is also a narrative system in which visual representation is key. The significance of the visual apprehension of race is deeply relevant to the legal construction of race as well. (For example, in early citizenship cases and racial “passing” cases which persisted through the latter part of the 20th century.) Since society constructs racial categories in large part by visual identification and experience, all visual media, including film, necessarily participate in the constitution of race. Thus, films do not simply depict supposedly free-standing, objective, racial categories naturalized by the dominant discourse, but instead actually participate in the creation of race. As part of standard Hollywood practice, the mainstream film audience is constructed through identification with a norm of “whiteness.” Since that audience, when viewing a law film, is actively involved in constituting the law as part of its spectatorship, it follows that mainstream films construct law from the perspective of white privilege. The consequences and effects of this cinematic construction of law are many. This article discusses three main effects: 1) the raced construction of the lawyer-hero; 2) the denial or displacement of the law’s role in constructing race and race-based discrimination; and 3) the suppression or revision of politics and political history.
Ca2+buffering as a mechanism of short-term synaptic plasticity

Spatio-temporal compartmentalization allows Ca signals to simultaneously regulate multiple vital cell processes and relies in part on Ca buffers that absorb at least 98% of Ca ions entering the cytoplasm. Computational modeling has played a central role in the understanding of localized Ca signals in neurons and other cell types. Although many models consider only simple, one-to-one Ca buffering stoichiometry, practically all buffers have multiple Ca binding sites which often display cooperative binding (e.g., calretinin [1-3], calmodulin [4,5] ). Given the simplest case of two binding sites, cooperativity manifests itself in an order of magnitude difference in the binding and/or unbinding rates of the two consecutive Ca binding steps in the following buffer reaction: Here we extend recent modeling studies of cooperative buffering [1-5], and find that it can lead to spatiotemporal Ca signals that cannot be achieved by any combination of non-cooperative buffers, in particular during a sequence of action potentials or synaptic inputs. Namely, Figure 1B shows that cooperative Ca buffering can potentially serve as a mechanism of shortterm synaptic depression, in contrast to the case of noncooperative buffers (Figure 1A), which are believed to underlie short-term synaptic facilitation in certain types of mammalian synapses [6,7]. We explore this phenomenon in detail, demonstrating the dependence of such buffer-induced short-term synaptic plasticity on all relevant buffering parameters. These results may lead to better understanding of post-synaptic Ca dynamics as well, yielding a deeper insight into synaptic transmission and its dynamic regulation, and may also have relevance for Ca-dependent processes in other cells such as endocrine cells, myocytes and immune system cells.
Environmental factors influence P. aeruginosa binding to the wounded mouse cornea

PURPOSE. To determine whether environmental factors or bacterial viability affect the binding of two strains of P. aeruginosa to mouse cornea. METHODS. Scarified corneas were placed in organ culture and inoculated with P. aeruginosa cell suspensions containing either ATCC 19660 or PAO1 bacterial strains classed as cytotoxic or invasive, respectively. Eyes were incubated in vitro for 1 h after bacterial application at different pH or temperature conditions or in PBS containing various divalent cations. The adhesion of heat-killed or formalin-fixed bacteria was tested similarly. Scanning electron microscopy (scanning EM) was used to quantitate adherent bacteria. RESULTS. P. aeruginosa ATCC 19660 showed an increase in binding at pH 8.0, favored higher temperatures and required both calcium and magnesium for optimum binding. Adherence of PAO1 was enhanced at pH 6.5 and decreased at pH 8.0. This strain favored binding at lower temperatures and did not require either divalent cation for optimum binding. In addi...
Present but Not Accounted For? Gender Differences in Civic Resource Acquisition

We investigate the sources of an important form of social inequality: the social processes by which men and women acquire participatory resources in organizations. In particular, we investigate the extent to which men and women acquire civic skills and are targets for political recruitment within churches. Integrating theory about social interaction within an organizational structure, we hypothesize that the ways in which women gain politically relevant resources from the church are simply different from those of men. Three factors explain the institutional treatment of women in churches: (1) women's political contributions are devalued; (2) women respond to social cues more than men do; (3) women respond to political cues from clergy—especially female clergy—whereas men do not. Our findings of gender differences in civic resource acquisition provide a more nuanced treatment of the mobilization process and have broad implications for the relationship between political difference and participatory democracy.
Changing the Work Environment in ICUs to Achieve Patient-Focused Care: The Time Has Come

The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Patient-Focused Care Project are complementary initiatives that provide a road map for creating practice environments where interdisciplinary, patient-focused care can thrive. Healthy work environments are so influential that failure to address the issue would result in deleterious effects for every aspect of acute care and critical care practice. Skilled communication and true collaboration are crucial for transforming work environments. The ACCP project on patient-focused care was born out of a realization that medicine as currently practiced is too fragmented, too focused on turf battles that hinder communication, and too divorced from a real understanding of what patients expect and need from their health-care providers. Communication as well as continuity and concordance with the patients' wishes are the foundational premises of care that is patient-focused and safe. Some individuals may achieve some level of genuine patient-focused care even when they practice in a toxic work environment because they are gifted communicators who embrace true collaboration. At best, those efforts will most likely be hit-or-miss, and such heroism will be impossible to sustain if the environment is not transformed into a model that reflects the standards and initiatives set out by the AACN and the ACCP. Other innovative models of care delivery remain unreported. The successes and failures of these models should be shared with the professional community.
Identification of contextual factors for pronunciation networks

A data-intensive, semiautomatic method is presented for identifying subsets of contextual factors which are useful for predicting the allophonic realizations of dictionary phonemes. The method organizes contextual descriptions of phonological variation into context trees. Context trees are computed using a combination of decision tree induction for factor selection and hierarchical clustering for forming natural groups of factor values. How the resulting context trees can be used to provide allophones in creating pronunciation networks is described. A phoneme-level representation with a flexible context description is used. It allows modeling of effects extending across syllables and word boundaries. >
A domain independent explanation-based generalizer

A domain independent technique for generalizing a broad class of explanations is described. This method is compared and contrasted with other approaches to generalizing explanations, including an abstract version of the algorithm used in the STRIPS system and the EBG technique recently developed by Mitchell, Keller, and Kedar-Cabelli. We have tested this generalization technique on a number examples in different domains, and present detailed descriptions of several of these.
Power and Spirituality in Polio Survivors: A Study Based on Rogers' Science

Rogers' model was used to study patterns of power and spirituality in polio survivors (n = 172) and people who have not had polio (n = 80). Participants completed the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Test and the Spiritual Orientation Inventory. Power was positively related to spirituality (r = .34, p < .005). Polio survivors manifested the same power (t = .44, df = 250, p = .33) and greater spirituality than people who had not experienced polio (t = 3.79, df = 250, p < .001), indicating that patterns of human field change are related to surviving polio. Recommendations include replicating this study with other populations and continuing to develop a theory of spirituality within Rogers' framework.
One Vote out of Step? The Effects of Salient Roll Call Votes in the 2010 Election

We investigate the relationship between controversial roll call votes and support for Democratic incumbents in the 2010 midterm elections. Consistent with previous analyses, we find that supporters of health care reform paid a significant price at the polls. We go beyond these analyses by identifying a mechanism for this apparent effect: constituents perceived incumbents who supported health care reform as more ideologically distant (in this case, more liberal), which in turn was associated with lower support for those incumbents. Our analyses show that this perceived ideological difference mediates most of the apparent impact of support for health care reform on both individual-level vote choice and aggregate-level vote share. We conclude by simulating counterfactuals that suggest health care reform may have cost Democrats their House majority.
Further Explorations in Visually-Guided Reaching: Making MURPHY Smarter

MURPHY is a vision-based kinematic controller and path planner based on a connectionist architecture, and implemented with a video camera and Rhino XR-series robot arm. Imitative of the layout of sensory and motor maps in cerebral cortex, MURPHY'S internal representations consist of four coarse-coded populations of simple units representing both static and dynamic aspects of the sensory-motor environment. In previously reported work [4], MURPHY first learned a direct kinematic model of his camera-arm system during a period of extended practice, and then used this "mental model" to heuristically guide his hand to unobstructed visual targets. MURPHY has since been extended in two ways: First, he now learns the inverse differential-kinematics of his arm in addition to ordinary direct kinematics, which allows him to push his hand directly towards a visual target without the need for search. Secondly, he now deals with the much more difficult problem of reaching in the presence of obstacles.
We Are Revolution: A Reflective History of the Union of Democratic Filipinos (KDP)

(1998). We Are Revolution: A Reflective History of the Union of Democratic Filipinos (KDP) Amerasia Journal: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 155-178.
Heterogenous ribonucleoprotein A18 (hnRNP A18) promotes tumor growth by increasing protein translation of selected transcripts in cancer cells

// Elizabeth T. Chang 1 , Palak R. Parekh 1 , Qingyuan Yang 1 , Duc M. Nguyen 1 , France Carrier 1 1 Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: France Carrier, e-mail: fcarrier@som.umaryland.edu Keywords: cancer, hnRNP A18, hypoxia, protein translation, RNA-binding protein Received: August 02, 2015 Accepted: January 13, 2016 Published: January 25, 2016 ABSTRACT The heterogenous ribonucleoprotein A18 (hnRNP A18) promotes tumor growth by coordinating the translation of selected transcripts associated with proliferation and survival. hnRNP A18 binds to and stabilizes the transcripts of pro-survival genes harboring its RNA signature motif in their 3’UTRs. hnRNP A18 binds to ATR, RPA, TRX, HIF-1α and several protein translation factor mRNAs on polysomes and increases de novo protein translation under cellular stress. Most importantly, down regulation of hnRNP A18 decreases proliferation, invasion and migration in addition to significantly reducing tumor growth in two mouse xenograft models, melanoma and breast cancer. Moreover, tissue microarrays performed on human melanoma, prostate, breast and colon cancer indicate that hnRNP A18 is over expressed in 40 to 60% of these malignant tissue as compared to normal adjacent tissue. Immunohistochemistry data indicate that hnRNP A18 is over expressed in the stroma and hypoxic areas of human tumors. These data thus indicate that hnRNP A18 can promote tumor growth in in vivo models by coordinating the translation of pro-survival transcripts to support the demands of proliferating cells and increase survival under cellular stress. hnRNP A18 therefore represents a new target to selectively inhibit protein translation in tumor cells.
Spontaneous Fatal Intraoperative Rupture of Great Vessel During Growing Rod Lengthening: Do Children With Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Require the Availability of Vascular Expertise? A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a family of inherited connective tissue diseases. Kyphoscoliotic EDS (kEDS) is associated with severe and early spinal deformity. Very little has been reported regarding the orthopaedic surgical care of kEDS likely due to its rare incidence. A more common s
Surgical treatment of congenital and neonatal biliary obstruction.

In over 90 per cent of cases, hepatitis can be differentiated from extrahepatic obstruction by needle biopsy with experienced histologic examination. Extrahepatic obstruction should be corrected as soon as diagnosed to prevent progressive cirrhosis and liver failure. Hepatic porto-enterostomy appears to offer reasonable life, in terms of both “well being” and duration, to only about 30 per cent of infants with neonatal biliary obstruction, but it is the best approach currently available for selected cases.
School inclusion: a multidimensional framework and links with outcomes among urban youth with disabilities.

As schools move toward inclusion of students with disabilities, there is need for a common framework for school inclusion, as well as assessment of inclusion in relation to student educational experiences. We propose an ecological framework that suggests school inclusion is best examined as a multidimensional construct with subtypes of inclusive best practices (organizational, academic, assessment and planning, and social). This study examines the extent to which schools (N = 11) are practicing each type of inclusion and the links between teacher-reported inclusion practices and student- and school-reported academic and social outcomes among African American and Latina/o youth with disabilities (N = 76). Results show that organizational inclusion and assessment and planning were associated with greater school belonging and school satisfaction; academic inclusion was associated with higher academic achievement, school belonging, and school satisfaction; and social inclusion was associated with higher academic achievement and school belonging. Implications for research, theory, and school practices are discussed.
Perception Matters: What Message Are We Sending to Faculty with Departmental Book Allocations?

ABSTRACTPerception can be everything. As librarians consider the ever-changing nature of the library's role on campus, they may want to adopt a philosophical approach to restructuring the traditional library materials budget from the perspective of perception rather than from the perspective of cost-cutting, creating staff efficiencies, or even collection development. By looking at the role faculty play in building the library's collection, conclusions can be formed about what the library's budget structure and budgetary interaction with faculty convey about the library's priorities as an institution and with regard to its role within the campus community as a whole.
Missed Opportunities for Diagnosing HIV via Routine Screening in an Inner- City Primary Care Clinic

Results: Among 6,582 patients tested for HIV as part of the screening program, 27 patients had a new HIV diagnosis (0.41%). In the year prior to diagnosis, 19 (70%) of these had contact with the healthcare system but were not tested for HIV. At the visit associated with the new HIV diagnosis, 70% of patients did not present with an indication for risk-based HIV screening or symptoms potentially associated with HIV-related infections. Conclusions: Despite CDC recommendations for routine, non-targeted, opt-out HIV screening in all healthcare settings, 70% of patients newly diagnosed with HIV via routine screening in a primary care clinic had contact with the healthcare system in the year prior to the new HIV diagnosis but were not tested for HIV. These findings highlight the importance of routine, nontargeted screening to identify patients with HIV as well as continued provider and patient education about the value of routine HIV screening.
Silica-Encapsulated Pt-Sn Intermetallic Nanoparticles: A Robust Catalytic Platform for Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Gases and Liquids.

Recently, a facile method for the synthesis of size-monodisperse Pt, Pt3Sn, and PtSn intermetallic nanoparticles (iNPs) that are confined within a thermally robust mesoporous silica (mSiO2) shell was introduced. These nanomaterials offer improved selectivity, activity, and stability for large-scale catalytic applications. Here we present the first study of parahydrogen-induced polarization NMR on these Pt-Sn catalysts. A 3000-fold increase in the pairwise selectivity, relative to the monometallic Pt, was observed using the PtSn@mSiO2 catalyst. The results are explained by the elimination of the three-fold Pt sites on the Pt(111) surface. Furthermore, Pt-Sn iNPs are shown to be a robust catalytic platform for parahydrogen-induced polarization for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging.
PKP-015 Review of safety outcomes of multiple daily dosing of amikacin in paediatric febrile neutropenic patients with cancer

Background Paediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) are at high risk of developing life threatening infections. In our institution, they are empirically treated with multiple daily dosing (MDD) of amikacin if persistently febrile after treatment with piperacillin–tazobactam. Purpose With the aim of optimising dosing strategies, we evaluated the safety of MDD amikacin in the paediatric oncology FN population. Material and methods Design: a retrospective medical record review. Setting: haematology–oncology service of a children’s hospital. Patients: aged 1–18 years with a diagnosis of malignancy or undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation who received amikacin for the treatment of FN between January 2013 and December 2014, with plasma amikacin concentrations determined after the first dose. Measurements: demographic data, amikacin dosing information, plasma amikacin concentrations, development of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, clinical outcomes and mortality were collected and analysed. Results Of the 40 FN episodes evaluated, all patients achieved amikacin trough levels within the desired range of Conclusion The use of multiple daily dosing of amikacin, in combination with piperacillin–tazobactam, is a safe management strategy for paediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia. Further studies are needed to optimise the dosing of amikacin so as to achieve clinical outcomes more rapidly. No conflict of interest
A review on engineering polymer drug conjugates to improve combination chemotherapy

Combination chemotherapy treatments with polymer drug conjugates (PDCs) have been designed to overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy. While there are many significant design challenges associated with engineering a combination therapy with PDCs, several studies have shown therapeutic benefits of incorporating multiple drugs onto a polymeric carrier. Here, we summarize the chemistries and biological performance of different combination PDCs that have been tested in the preclinical setting and offer recommendations for future studies which will provide the necessary information to streamline future translation.
MicroRNAs regulate synaptic plasticity underlying drug addiction

Chronic use of drugs of abuse results in neurochemical, morphological and behavioral plasticity that underlies the emergence of compulsive drug seeking and vulnerability to relapse during periods of attempted abstinence. Identifying and reversing addiction-relevant plasticity is seen as a potential point of pharmacotherapeutic intervention in drug-addicted individuals. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the actions of drugs of abuse in the brain, this information has thus far yielded few novel treatment options addicted individuals. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can each regulate the translation of hundreds to thousands of messenger RNAs. The highly pleiotropic nature of miRNAs has focused attention on their contribution to addiction-relevant structural and functional plasticity in the brain and their potential utility as targets for medications development. In this review, we discuss the roles of miRNAs in synaptic plasticity underlying the development of addiction and then briefly discuss the possibility of using circulating miRNA as biomarkers for addiction.
Use of rituximab and risk of re-hospitalization for children with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Treatment algorithms for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) vary, and sparse data exist regarding the impact of initial treatments on disease course. We aimed to determine whether administration of rituximab during first hospitalization reduces 1-year readmission rates. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects with NMOSD using the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2005 to 2015. Subjects were ages 1 to 21 years who received glucocorticoids and an ICD-9-CM code indicating neuromyelitis optica (NMO) during first hospitalization. All subjects had at least 12 months of continuous enrollment. The primary exposure was ≥1 rituximab dose during first hospitalization. We tested for the association of rituximab use with all-cause re-hospitalization, the primary outcome, using survival analysis. Re-hospitalization was considered if a hospital admission occurred > 30 days after initial discharge with exclusion of admissions with re-dosing of rituximab and data were censored at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included time to and median duration of re-hospitalization using 25th percentiles of survival time and the Wilcoxon-rank sum test, respectively. Of 180 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 71.7% were female and the median age was 13 years (IQR: 10, 15). Fifty-two subjects (28.9%) received rituximab during first hospitalization, and there was an increasing trend in rituximab use over time (p < 0.01). Overall, 36.7% of children were readmitted and time to readmission was a median of 365 days (IQR: 138, 365). Rituximab exposure was not associated with re-hospitalization (adjusted HR: 0.71: 95% CI: 0.38, 1.34) nor a reduced time to re-hospitalization. Median duration of re-hospitalization was 2 days shorter in the rituximab exposed group (p = 0.02). Receipt of physical therapy, a surrogate marker for neurologic impairment, during first hospitalization was associated with re-admission within 12 months (adjusted HR: 4.81; 95% CI: 1.14, 20.29). Among children with NMOSD, first-line administration of rituximab was not associated with risk of or time to re-hospitalization. Rituximab use was found to be associated with a shorter duration of re-hospitalization. Need for physical therapy during first hospitalization was independently associated with an increased risk of re-admission.
Post-Lesion Neural Plasticity in Cerebral Cortex: the Response of Rat Sensorimotor Cortex to Neonatal Ablation of the Opposite Hemisphere

Our experimental work in the rodent is concerned with the plasticity of immature cerebral cortex, and more specifically with the effects of focal cerebral lesions in infancy on the organization of the corticospinal motor system. Our interest in this problem derives from certain observations related to focal brain damage and to recovery from it in the human infant. At the outset, we would therefore like to briefly summarize relevant observations in man and point out some of the questions they raise that are not readily answerable by clinical studies, but are amenable to study in the experimental animal.
Traumatic Dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lens

Purpose To report a case of a traumatic dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan phakic anterior chamber intraocular lens. Methods Retrospective case review. Results A 38-year-old female underwent successful implantation of an Ophtec Artisan lens in her left eye as part of the phase III U.S. clinical trials. Approximately 5 months postoperatively, the patient was struck with a roll of packing tape in her left eye and noted immediate decreased vision. Following the blunt trauma, the patient had an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/60 and a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/20. The wound was intact, however, the superior claw was no longer enclaved to the iris and the lens had dislocated nasally with the optic of the lens resting in the angle. The patient was taken back to the operating room, the lens was repositioned, and the superior claw was re-enclaved to the iris. One week after repositioning, UCVA was 20/30 and BSCVA was 20/20. Conclusion Despite adequate positioning, significant trauma may result in the iris claw tearing free from the iris with dislocation of the Artisan lens. The lens may be repositioned with good visual outcome, however, the long-term effects on endothelial cell density in this patient remain to be seen.
Efficiency of region-wide catastrophic weather risk pools: Implications for African Risk Capacity insurance program

Abstract In an attempt to better manage extreme weather risk using (re)insurance and securitizing devices, the African Union recently established the Africa Risk Capacity (ARC) to pool extreme drought risk across Africa. We investigate the prevalence of systemic risk within potential ARC risk pools and its effect on diversifying drought risk using rainfall index-insurance. To develop an index that captures the tail behavior of losses, we employ a two-stage process that involves a vector autoregressive model and nested Archimedean copulas. Finally, using the loss distributions, we derive and compare buffer load and pooling effects across risk pools. Overall, we find strong benefits in pooling drought risk in Africa. However, the benefits are highly heterogeneous across risk pools, some of which are very inefficient. The heterogeneity was found to be driven by non-linear dependence among losses that tends to be stronger in the tails of the distribution.
The impact of social interactions and pain on daily positive and negative affect in adults with osteoarthritis of the knee.

This study utilized experience sampling methodology (ESM) to examine the relationship of social interactions with daily pain and mood symptoms in people with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Two hu...
A Phase-Wise Fault Prediction Using Soft Computing

Software testing is performed to increase quality of the software and also increase the customer satisfaction. In today’s scenario, most of the work is dependent upon software and need of quality software in minimum time. If the fault is not found in the early development phase is having more chance of failure rate in a later phase. Since the failure data or test data are not available in requirement, design, coding and testing phase. For this goal, the phase-wise approach is proposed using soft computing to find the fault in software development life cycle (SDLC) phase. In proposed approach, top reliability-based software metrics/quality attributes for fault prediction is selected from the phases of SDLC. In the proposed approach, four fuzzy inference systems are designed for SDLC phases. The given result from the proposed approach is validated with ten real software datasets from promise datasets. The predicted fault results are near to actual dataset fault. The result from proposed approach is useful for a software developer team, design team, and testing team to plan and take decision for their respective phases of development.
Assembling a bubble-induced turbulence model incorporating physical understanding from DNS

Abstract Bubble-induced turbulence (BIT) is a two-phase flow phenomenon characterized by complex interfacial interactions that fundamentally alter the resulting liquid turbulent kinetic energy distribution, budgets, and scales. Incorporating this complexity into a BIT model remains a formidable challenge, as existing two-equation BIT closures struggle with accurately predicting the turbulent kinetic energy and mean flow profiles. The present work assembles a BIT model that incorporates additional physical understanding into its formulation by leveraging insights garnered from experiments, DNS, and previous assessment. The model comprises new turbulent viscosity and time-scale formulations, in addition to optimized values for the modulation parameter, dissipation coefficient, and newly proposed turbulent viscosity multiplier. Improved model performance is demonstrated through simulation of air/water experimental cases and direct comparison with existing closures, which includes qualitative inspection of individual sets as well as quantitative assessment of the turbulent kinetic energy error distribution. Future work delving into momentum closure development, new experimental campaigns, and DNS parametric studies is motivated and linked to BIT model improvements.
On-chip Fourier transform spectrometer on silicon-on-sapphire

We designed and experimentally demonstrated an on-chip Fourier transform spectrometer on silicon-on-sapphire. The spectrometer comprises an array of twelve Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with linearly increasing optical path delays between MZI arms. The propagation loss of 5.2 dB/cm has been experimentally observed for the strip waveguides. The retrieval of an optical spectrum is demonstrated with an inter-band cascade laser centered at 3.3 μm. The resolution is better than 10 cm−1.
Design and simulation platform for evaluation of grid distribution system and transactive energy

With the advent of remarkable development of solar power panel and inverter technology and focus on reducing greenhouse emissions, there is increased migration from fossil fuels to carbon-free energy sources (e.g., solar, wind, and geothermal). A new paradigm called Transactive Energy (TE) [3] has emerged that utilizes economic and control techniques to effectively manage Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Another goal of TE is to improve grid reliability and efficiency. However, to evaluate various TE approaches, a comprehensive simulation tool is needed that is easy to use and capable of simulating the power-grid along with various grid operational scenarios that occur in the transactive energy paradigm. In this research, we present a web-based design and simulation platform (called a design studio) targeted toward evaluation of power-grid distribution system and transactive energy approaches [1]. The design studio allows to edit and visualize existing power-grid models graphically, create new power-grid network models, simulate those networks, and inject various scenario-specific perturbations to evaluate specific configurations of transactive energy simulations. The design studio provides (i) a novel Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML) using the Web-based Generic Modeling Environment (WebGME [4]) for the graphical modeling of power-grid, cyber-physical attacks, and TE scenarios, and (ii) a reusable cloud-hosted simulation backend using the Gridlab-D power-grid distribution system simulation tool [2].
Do Gross and Fine Motor Skills Differentially Contribute to Language Outcomes? A Systematic Review

Background: Changes in motor development provide children with new learning opportunities to interact with objects, their environment, and with caregivers. Previous research finds that both gross and fine motor skills are predictive of later language outcomes across early infancy and childhood. However, gross and fine motor skills afford different types of interactions. Thus, gross and fine motor skills may potentially differ in the developmental trajectories through which cascading changes in language may occur. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there are differences in the predictive capacities of gross and fine motor skills toward language outcomes across infancy and early childhood in typical development. Method: A systematic review of existing literature on motor-language cascades was conducted in across studies measuring gross and/or fine motor and language development in children from 0 to 5 years old. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Keywords used were a combination of "gross motor," "fine motor," "motor performance," "motor development," or "psychomotor development" along with "language," "language development," or "communication skills." Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 23 articles were retained. Of these, seven studies measured only gross motor skills, four studies measured only fine motor skills, and 12 studies measured both gross and fine motor skills in the same study. Studies used a variety of measures to assess gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and language development (e.g., parent report, in lab observations, standardized assessment), and findings varied based on analyses used. Results demonstrated that both gross and fine motor skills are related to language outcomes, but due to a smaller amount of studies testing fine motor skills, conclusions regarding whether one is more important for language outcomes cannot be drawn. Conclusions: We conclude that both gross and fine motor skills help foster language development from infancy to early childhood. Limitations regarding current knowledge regarding the mechanisms that underlie motor-language cascades are discussed, as well as the need for more studies on fine motor skills.
An Exercise to Teach Performance Review Skills and an Analysis of its Efficacy

From the perspectives of both the manager and the employee, a fair and helpful performance review requires the manager to possess two skill sets. First, managers need the skills to provide accurate (evidence-based) ratings. Second, they need the interpersonal skills to facilitate a constructive performance review conversation. But how can undergraduate students develop these skills before they are working in a management role? The multi-part (including a role-play of a performance review meeting) experiential exercise described in this article is designed to help upper-level students develop both of these skills. I used an experimental design to evaluate the efficacy of the exercise. The results show that the exercise enhances students’ skills at facilitating a performance review meeting and provides detailed documentation to support their ratings of an employee.
High Performance Multilevel Graph Partitioning on GPU

Graph partitioning is a common computational phase in many application domains, including social network analysis, data mining, scheduling, and VLSI design. The significant SIMT compute power of a GPU makes it an appropriate platform to exploit data parallelism in graph partitioning and accelerate the computation. However, irregular, non-uniform, and data-dependent graph partitioning sub-tasks pose multiple challenges for efficient GPU utilization. Some of these challenges include load imbalance, non-coalesced memory accesses, and warp execution inefficiency. In this paper, we describe an effective and methodological approach to enable multi-level graph partitioning on GPUs. Our solution avoids thread divergence and balances the load over GPU threads by dynamically assigning appropriate number of threads to process the graph vertices and their irregular sized neighbors. Our design is autonomous, i.e., all the steps are carried out by the GPU with minimal CPU involvement, which is required for a range of GPU applications as a pre-processing step. We show that our approach performs better and is comparable in partitioning quality with respect to the state-of-the-art CPU-based parallel graph partitioner (mtmetis). Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first autonomous approach on GPU.
Threshold Values for Success After Hip Arthroscopy Using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Assessment: Determining the Minimum Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State.

Background:Threshold values for patient-reported outcome measures, such as the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), are important for rela...
Offspring of Mothers With Histories of Chronic and Non-chronic Depression: Symptom Trajectories From Ages 6 to 15

Several studies have reported that individuals with chronic depression have higher rates of depressive disorders, and particularly chronic depression, in their first-degree relatives, compared to those with non-chronic (episodic) major depression. In addition, a few studies have suggested that offspring of parents with chronic depression have elevated rates of depression and other psychopathology. Most of this work uses the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which defines chronicity as persistence for at least 2 years. An alternative is a life-course, approach, which evaluates overall course since first onset. We examined the trajectories of depressive, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms in a community sample of 577 offspring of mothers with histories of chronic depression, non-chronic (or episodic) major depression, and no depression using prospective, multi-informant assessments from age 6 to age 15. Offspring of mothers with a history of depression exhibited higher levels of depression, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms than offspring of mothers who were never depressed. Moreover, the effects of maternal depression on offspring depression, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms were more pronounced for mothers with histories of chronic than non-chronic depression, particularly when the life-course approach to classifying chronicity was used. These data suggest that research that combines chronic and non-chronic depressions includes significant heterogeneity that may hinder understanding of etiology and reduce the likelihood of developing a cumulative and replicable literature. In addition, these findings have significant implications for prevention and treatment.
ETFs and Systemic Risks

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) revolutionized asset markets by using an innovative structure to make investing in a wide variety of asset classes simpler and cheaper. With their growing importance has come increasing concern that these products pose new risks to market stability and performance. This paper examines whether ETFs affect systemic risks in financial markets and, if they do, what the mechanism is by which this impact occurs and what can be done to keep the risks under control. We review current research and empirical evidence on these issues and discuss some emerging risks in ETFs. We ask whether we have the right “rules of the road” to deal with the new drivers of market behavior.
Comparing Physician and Nurse Opinions of Team and Individual Handoffs: Does Role Influence Preference?:

Care transitions are key to patient safety and remain a safety issue despite previous research. This study examines how the design of care transitions impacts different health care professions. Twe...
Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts in Florida from December 14, 2020 to March 15, 2021 on Older Individuals

Abstract Per-capita, Florida ranks second in those 65 years of age and older (20.5%) with more than 4,500,000 individuals in this category. COVID-19 vaccine was allocated in a phased roll-out beginning December 14, 2020. Phase 1A included health care personnel with direct patient contact, and residents and staff of nursing homes (NHs) and assisted living facilities (ALFs). Following this initial phase, individuals 65 years of age and older became eligible for vaccination, along with individuals determined by hospital providers to be extremely medically vulnerable to COVID-19. This strategy was based on the desire to most immediately reduce morbidity and mortality, as COVID-19 morbidity and mortality is age-related. Through March 15, 2021, 4,338,099 individuals received COVID-19 vaccine, including 2,431,540 individuals who completed their vaccination series. Of all those vaccinated, 70% were 65 years of age and older, and 63% of those 65 years of age and older. Beginning February 1, 2021, the decline in the number of new cases per week became greater in those 65 years of age and older than those younger. By March 15, 2021, the number of new cases, hospitalizations, and deaths per day for those 65 years of age and older relative to mid-January, were 82%, 80%, and 92% lower respectively. In comparison, the number of new cases, hospitalizations, and deaths per day for those younger than 65 years of age were 70%, 60%, and 87% lower respectively. Reductions in rates in those 65 year of age and older, were thus greater than in those who were younger (p