cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Host-Plant Characteristics and Environmental Factors Influencing Flight Activity of Angoumois Grain Moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Field

Field studies were conducted to examine the effect of time of day and several phenological characteristics of maize plants on flight activity of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), a common pre- and postharvest pest of stored maize, Zea mays L., in the southeastern United States and many subtropical and temperate areas. A diurnal trapping study conducted in central Kentucky during late summer/early autumn revealed that flight activity of males is concentrated almost exclusively at dusk (between 1700 and 2200 hours), but the window of flight activity can be shifted by meteorological conditions. Pheromone traps placed in plots of maize varying with respect to planting date and hybrid and in plots of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., revealed that mere presence of tall vegetation increases local activity of male S. cerealella , and that maize-specific characteristics, probably volatile chemicals, further localize flight activity. Implications of this knowledge of S. cerealella behavior for management of the pest are discussed.
Correlation Analysis between Color and Effective Constituents' Contents of Lonicera japonica

Objective:To explore the correlation between the color and the contents of effective constituents,including chlorogenic acid and galuteolin,in Lonicera japonica.Method:High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) was applied to determine the contents of chlorogenic acid and galuteolin in L.japonica from different habitats,collecting periods and processing methods.The colorimeter was applied to determine the color of L.japonica.Result:The color index L* of L.japonica mainly showed a negative correlation with chlorogenic acid while no correlation with galuteolin.Conclusion:The obtained method in this study may give insight to quickly estimate and predict the content of chlorogenic acid.
Development of Scraper Conveyor Calculation Software

The importance of developing calculation software for scraper conveyor is discussed firstly.The structure and modules of the software are introduced later. The module function and important technique are described in detail. At last, the functions of the software are showed by an example.
The evolution of cancer chemotherapy.

Demonstrations that metastatic cancer can respond to or be cured by drugs have led to increased interest in the interaction of drugs and malignant cells. That research has suggested ways in which cancer treatment may be improved—most significantly, by combination chemotherapy and combined-modality treatment. Other strategies are being assessed.
TCT-662 Prognostic Importance Of Pulmonary Hypertension Etiology By Invasive Hemodynamics In Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may arise from both pre-capillary and post-capillary etiologies which can be evaluated and quantified by invasive hemodynamics (CATH). The impact of PH eti...
Mechanisms of Bond Cleavage during Manganese Oxide and UV Degradation of Glyphosate: Results from Phosphate Oxygen Isotopes and Molecular Simulations

Degradation of glyphosate in the presence of manganese oxide and UV light was analyzed using phosphate oxygen isotope ratios and density function theory (DFT). The preference of C–P or C–N bond cleavage was found to vary with changing glyphosate/manganese oxide ratios, indicating the potential role of sorption-induced conformational changes on the composition of intermediate degradation products. Isotope data confirmed that one oxygen atom derived solely from water was incorporated into the released phosphate during glyphosate degradation, and this might suggest similar nucleophilic substitution at P centers and C–P bond cleavage both in manganese oxide- and UV light-mediated degradation. The DFT results reveal that the C–P bond could be cleaved by water, OH– or •OH, with the energy barrier opposing bond dissociation being lowest in the presence of the radical species, and that C–N bond cleavage is favored by the formation of both nitrogen- and carbon-centered radicals. Overall, these results highlight th...
The Issue Correlates of War Territorial Claims Data, 1816–20011

This article describes the first complete release of the Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) Territorial Claims dataset, which covers all interstate territorial claims between 1816 and 2001. Territory c...
A systematic review and meta-analysis concerning single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for pediatric inguinal hernia and hydrocele

Single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (SLPEC) of hernia sac/processus vaginalis has been widely performed for repair of inguinal hernia/hydrocele in children. However, a variety of surgical instruments and techniques were used, and significant differences existed among the SLPEC reports. A literature search was performed for all available studies concerning SLPEC for pediatric inguinal hernia/hydrocele in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library. The surgical details and operative outcomes were pooled and analyzed with software StataSE 12.0. 49 studies fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria of this review and 37 studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The mean incidence of CPPV was 29.1% (range 5.73–43.0%). The average of mean operative time was 19.56 min (range 8.30–41.19 min) for unilateral SLPEC and 27.23 min (range 12.80–48.19 min) for bilateral SLPEC. The total incidence of injury, conversion, recurrence, hydrocele formation, knot reaction, severe pain, and scrotal swelling was 0.32% (range 0–3.24%), 0.05% (range 0–0.89%), 0.70% (range 0–15.5%), 0.23% (range 0–3.57%), 0.33% (range 0–3.33%), 0.05% (range 0–4.55%), and 0.03% (range 0–1.52%), respectively. There was no development of testicular atrophy. Subgroup analyses showed an inverse correlation between the injury incidence and adoption of assisted forceps, hydrodissection, and blunt puncture device, between the conversion rate and adoption of hydrodissection, between the recurrence/hydrocele incidence and adoption of assisted forceps, hydrodissection, nonabsorbable suture and the preventive measures to avoid ligating the unnecessary subcutaneous tissues, and between the rate of knot reaction and adoption of assisted forceps, hydrodissection, and the preventive measures. SLPEC was a well-developed procedure for repair of pediatric inguinal hernia/hydrocele. Adoption of assisted forceps, hydrodissection, nonabsorbable suture, and the preventive measures to avoid ligating the unnecessary subcutaneous tissues could significantly reduce the intra- and postoperative complications.
Door-to-Needle Delays in Minor Stroke: A Causal Inference Approach.

Background and Purpose— Thrombolysis rates among minor stroke (MS) patients are increasing because of increased recognition of disability in this group and guideline changes regarding treatment indications. We examined the association of delays in door-to-needle (DTN) time with stroke severity. Methods— We performed a retrospective analysis of all stroke patients who received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in our emergency department between July 1, 2011, and February 29, 2016. Baseline characteristics and DTN were compared between MS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5) and nonminor strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >5). We applied causal inference methodology to estimate the magnitude and mechanisms of the causal effect of stroke severity on DTN. Results— Of 315 patients, 133 patients (42.2%) had National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5. Median DTN was longer in MS than nonminor strokes (58 versus 53 minutes; P =0.01); fewer MS patients had DTN ≤45 minutes (19.5% versus 32.4%; P =0.01). MS patients were less likely to use emergency medical services (EMS; 62.6% versus 89.6%, P <0.01) and to receive EMS prenotification (43.9% versus 72.4%; P <0.01). Causal analyses estimated MS increased average DTN by 6 minutes, partly through mode of arrival. EMS prenotification decreased average DTN by 10 minutes in MS patients. Conclusions— MS had longer DTN times, an effect partly explained by patterns of EMS prenotification. Interventions to improve EMS recognition of MS may accelerate care.
Sensorless estimation of coupling coefficient based on current and voltage harmonics analysis for wireless charging system

In this digest, a coupling coefficient estimation method for wireless charging system is proposed based on its transmitter and receiver current and voltage harmonics analysis. One of the main challenges of wireless charging in vehicular application is the significant variation of magnetic coupling coefficient between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coils due to large air-gap and lateral misalignment. As that air-gap and alignment varies, the characteristics of the system and its optimal operating point changes and the control system needs to adapt to that changes. That requires to estimate the coupling coefficient in a fast and simple method. The variation of the coupling coefficient affects harmonics characteristics of the inductor current and capacitor voltage. Therefore, from those harmonics characteristics, the coupling coefficing can be estimated. The proposed estimation method is based on these harmonics analysis and it is comparatively faster than the traditional methods using multiple signal, or both transmitter and receiver side signal and wireless communication between them. In this digest, a detailed relation between coupling coefficient and transmitter and receiver side current and voltage harmonics is given analytically. Finally, the proposed method to estimate the coupling coefficient is verified through simulation and experimental setup for a 3.3kW wireless charger under static charging for different misalignment conditions. Wireless Power Transfer, misalignment, inductive charging, magnetic coupling, coupling coefficient, mutual inductance.
Demonstration of Symmetric Lateral NPN Transistors on SOI Featuring Epitaxially Grown Emitter/Collector Regions

Symmetric lateral NPN bipolar junction transistors on Si-on-insulator having epitaxially grown emitter/collector regions are demonstrated, for the first time. A novel notch-assisted epitaxy scheme has been developed using faceted Si epitaxial (epi) layers as reactive-ion-etch mask to expose the vertical intrinsic-base epi-seeding surfaces and the epi emitter and collector are automatically connected to the extension regions for metal contact and/or for electrical probing. Functional transistors with good quality device I-V characteristics were obtained with post-epi rapid thermal annealing. The results suggest a path forward for devices suitable for low-cost THz electronics applications. Some learning about the fabrication, as revealed from measured device characteristics, are discussed.
Abstract WP312: Identifying Acute Ischemic Stroke by Analyzing Icd-10 Claims Data Using Machine Learning Models

Introduction: Retrospective identification of patients hospitalized with new diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke is important for administrative quality assurance, post-discharge clinical management...
Research issues in rail transport operations

This paper will examine some current research issues in North American rail transport operations and some on-going and anticipated research activities related to those issues. The specific research activities examined were selected to illustrate some issues associated with research priorities, approach, data requirements and analytic methodology.
I Guided-Wave Optics on Silicon: Physics, Technology, and Status*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physics, technology, and status of guided-wave optics on silicon. The integrated optics aims to combine discrete miniature components on a common substrate by means of optical waveguides. The physics of an optical waveguide can be illustrated through planar or slab geometry. Fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiency is the motivating factor for fabrication of phosphosilicate glass waveguides on silicon. Guided-wave optical components on silicon include Fresnel lenses, beam splitters, dispersive mirrors, couplers, polarization devices, spectrum analyzers, displacement sensors, refractive index sensors, wavelength and frequency division multiplexers and demultiplexers, Bragg cells, optical switches, Y branches, X crosses, directional couplers, 8 × 8 star couplers, waveguide arrays, phase shifters, birefringence controllers, resonators, Bragg reflector lasers, and Bragg reflection filters. As the materials involved in silica-based optical waveguides on silicon are similar to those of low-loss optical fibers, it should be possible to realize active components like lasers and amplifiers in silica-based planar waveguides on silicon.
Abstract 1028: Patient-derived xenografts undergo mouse-specific tumor evolution

Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have become a prominent cancer model system, as they are presumed to faithfully represent the genomic features of primary tumors. Here we monitored the dynamics of copy number alterations (CNAs) in 1,110 PDX samples across 24 cancer types. We observed rapid accumulation of CNAs during PDX passaging, often due to selection of pre-existing minor clones. CNA acquisition in PDXs was correlated with the tissue-specific levels of aneuploidy and genetic heterogeneity observed in primary tumors. However, the particular CNAs acquired during PDX passaging differed from those acquired during tumor evolution in patients. Several CNAs recurrently observed in primary tumors gradually disappeared in PDXs, indicating that events undergoing positive selection in humans can become dispensable during propagation in mice. Importantly, the genomic stability of PDXs was associated with their response to chemotherapy and targeted drugs. These findings have important implications for PDX-based modeling of human cancer. Citation Format: Uri Ben-David, Gavin Ha, Yuen-Yi Tseng, Noah F. Greenwald, Coyin Oh, Juliann Shih, James M. McFarland, Bang Wong, Jesse S. Boehm, Rameen Beroukhim, Todd R. Golub. Patient-derived xenografts undergo mouse-specific tumor evolution [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1028.
Effect of Fiber Orientation in Fatigue Properties of FRAM Components

Abstract The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the effect of fiber pattern and infill type on the tension-tension fatigue properties of Fiber Reinforced Additive Manufacturing (FRAM) specimens with a load ratio of 0.1. As for the design of the study the specimens are generated with different fiber orientations and are divided into “concentric” and “isotropic” specimens, depending on the pattern the fiber is laid down. From experimental fatigue testing, the most resistant specimens to failure turn out to be carbon fiber reinforced nylon with 0 rings isotropic infill and 1 ring isotropic with concentric infill. As a conclusion, it is noticed that increasing the number of rings for concentric infill specimens increases the fatigue performance, while for isotropic infill increasing the number of rings actually decreases the fatigue performance.
Combining Electronic Layer Protection and Pre-Planned Optical Restoration for Improved and Resource-Efficient Reliability

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) backbone networks carry large volumes of traffic. Even a single network element outage (e.g., a fiber, a site, a port) can cause significant traffic loss due to the ensuing disruption of many active data flows. Pre-planned restoration schemes ensure that spare resources are readily available in the network for promptly provisioning backup paths that can mitigate the disruption caused by such outages. In this study, the authors investigate the efficiency of a pre-planned restoration scheme applied to a two-layer network, consisting of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) over WDM. In this architecture, the MPLS layer implements a fast reroute (FRR) protection scheme, while the optical layer underneath implements preplanned restoration of lightpaths. This architecture is increasingly gaining traction due to the reduced resource overhead that it requires to offer extra reliability against multiple failures.
Brittle failure of orthorhombic borides from first-principles simulations

The orthorhombic boride family $XM{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$, where $X$ and $M$ are metal atoms, have been of great interest in hard coating applications because of such novel properties as high thermal stability, low density, chemical stability, and a low friction coefficient. However, the brittle failure of orthorhombic borides limits their mechanical stability under working environments and prevents their extended engineering applications. To provide guidelines of improving their stability, we employed density functional theory (DFT) to examine the bonding character and mechanical response of $XM{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$ under pure shear, biaxial shear, and tensile loading conditions. Two typical $XM{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$ compounds, ${\mathrm{AlLiB}}_{14}$ and $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{0.75}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}_{0.78}{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$, were examined to illustrate the effects of intrinsic metal vacancies. We find that the ideal strength for ${\mathrm{AlLiB}}_{14}$ is higher than that for $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{0.75}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}_{0.75}{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$, suggesting that ${\mathrm{AlLiB}}_{14}$ is intrinsically stronger than $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{0.75}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}_{0.75}{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$. The failure mechanism of both ${\mathrm{AlLiB}}_{14}$ and $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{0.75}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}_{0.78}{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$ arises from deconstructing ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}$ icosahedra under pure shear and biaxial shear conditions, while the structural failure under tensile deformation arises from breaking interlayer bonds between icosahedral layers.
Fate of the Fontan connection: Mechanisms of stenosis and management

BACKGROUND Stenosis of the venous connections and conduits is a well-known late complication of the Fontan procedure. Currently, data on the outcomes of percutaneous intervention for the treatment of extra- or intracardiac conduits and lateral tunnel baffles obstruction are limited. In an attempt to better define the nature and severity of the stenosis and the results of catheter interventional management, we reviewed Fontan patients with obstructed extra- or intracardiac conduits and lateral tunnel baffles. METHODS Retrospective review of all Fontan patients who had cardiac catheterization from January 2002 to October 2018 was performed. Hemodynamic and angiographic data that assessed extra- or intracardiac conduit, or lateral tunnel baffle obstruction/stenosis were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty patients underwent catheter intervention because of conduit stenosis, including calcified homografts, stenotic Gore-Tex conduits and obstructed lateral tunnels. Six other patients had Fontan obstruction but were referred for surgical revision. After stenting, there was a significant reduction in the connection gradient [2.0 mm Hg (IQR 2; 3) vs 0 mm Hg (IQR 0; 1), P < .0001]. Fontan conduit/connection diameter increased [10.5 mm (IQR 9; 12) vs 18 mm (IQR 14.9; 18); P < .0001] and New York Heart Association class [III (IQR II; III) vs I (IQR II; III); P = .03) with stent placement. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the hemodynamics and angiographic subtypes of conduit stenosis in patients after Fontan, We showed that calcified homografts, stenotic Gore-Tex conduits and lateral tunnels pathways can be safely and effectively stented to eliminate obstruction. Percutaneous stenting is associated with a decrease in connection gradients and improvement in functional capacity.
Intelligent Method for Online Adaptive Optimum Coordination of Overcurrent Relays

In power distribution systems, various abnormal events like faults may happen sometimes, which requires a reliable protective system. Overcurrent relays are most commonly employed in distribution systems among other types of protection systems. For the overcurrent relays, the coordination between them is very important in protection system. Coordination is to find the most appropriate settings for each relay including time dial settings (TDS) and pick up current settings. Current optimal coordination methods are developed under assumption of constant load and fixed DG output, which is a static condition. Therefore, they may not provide most appropriate, optimal settings of each relay for coordination in distribution system. This paper presents an intelligent online adaptive optimum coordination method for overcurrent relays using genetic algorithm for distribution systems when there are variations of load and distributed generations outputs. We have presented evaluation studies to demonstrate the proposed method.
Comment on nonperturbative effects in

Abstract Uncertainties in the theoretical prediction for the inclusive B → X s γ decay rate are discussed. We emphasize that there is no operator product expansion for this process. Nonetheless, some nonperturbative effects involving a virtual c c loop are calculable using the operator product expansion. They give a contribution to the decay rate that involves the B meson matrix element of an infinite tower of operators. The higher dimension operators give effects that are only suppressed by powers of m b Λ QCD m c 2 ∼ 0.6 , but come with small coefficients.
Design and Validation of a Tremor Stabilizing Handle for Patients with Parkinson Disease and Essential Tremor

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor and postural instability. Essential Tremor (ET) disease is another neurological disorder which causes involuntary and rhythmic shaking of the hands and other body parts and affects about 10% of all Americans. The degradations of motor skills severely affect daily activities of patients such as eating, writing and dressing. Existing pharmacological treatments, in general, have shown side effects over long term. In recent years, wearable devices and stabilizing assistive devices have been developed to address uncontrolled tremor. The products have shown great potential, but they are not ideal yet. In this work, we developed a low-cost non-invasive handle stabilizing to a preferred orientation in the presence of hand tremors. A validation study evaluated the performance of this prototype on a vibration generator that simulates specific vibrations relevant for PD and ET. The results show that the presented tremor reduction system controls external vibration better than the on-market products. The prototype also has a significantly lower cost and lighter weight. With these combined advantages, this work may help people with PD and ET accomplishing fine motor tasks and therefore improve the quality of life for this unattended population.
The Efficacy and Acceptance of Brief Intentional Teachings to Encourage Success (BITES)

Students in Medical Laboratory Sciences occasionally struggle in lecture to acquire the knowledge covered in the objectives. After review of the ASCLS Body of Knowledge, nine clearly-stated objectives in Acid-Base studies were distilled and two BITES were created. These BITES are a form of microlearning, where students take 10-20 minute chunks of time to learn a brief topic. 5 objectives are defined and review questions are asked to stimulate active recall and retrieval. At the end, three questions are asked which require application of the knowledge gained over the previous 10-20 minutes. Three surveys were given to all students at different points in time to assess the efficacy and acceptance of BITES; Post-Lecture (Pre-BITES) Questionnaire (PLQ), Post-BITES Questionnaire (PBQ), and Post-3-month Questionnaire (P3Q). In comparing the PLQ and the PBQ, eight correct answers were recalled more often in the PBQ and three correct answers were recalled more often in the PLQ. All correct answers were recalled more often in the P3Q than the PLQ. The question, “I enjoyed these BITES” was answered 1 “no” and 5 “yes”, and received the following scores; 0-1’s, 0-2’s, 3-3’s, 8-4’s, 11-5’s. The question, “I preferred learning with...” indicated that all students but one preferred BITES over lecture. As we continue to master our craft of teaching, we learn that MLS Students prefer learning with BITES in a traditional lecture-based classroom and that durable learning was accomplished over 3-months with their use. Further studies are required to see if BITES improve student engagement.
Geometry and orientation effects in non-uniformly heated microchannel heat exchangers using supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract There is growing interest to use supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as a working fluid in thermal management applications. This study investigates the thermal-hydraulic performance of microchannel heat sinks as a function of flow channel geometry and orientation at operating conditions representative of electronics cooling applications. Three different experimental test sections, subject to non-uniform heat flux boundary conditions, were investigated. Two of the test sections contained parallel arrays of rectangular microchannels with a hydraulic diameter of 750 μ m and aspect ratios of 1 and 2, respectively. The third test section had a staggered array of diamond shaped micro-pins with a hydraulic diameter, based on the minimum flow area, of 525.2 μ m. Data were collected for varying inlet temperature ( 16 ⩽ T in ⩽ 50 °C), mass flux ( 315 ⩽ G ⩽ 1000 kg m−2 s−1), and heat flux ( 20 ⩽ q ″ ⩽ 50 W cm−2) at a fixed reduced pressure ( P R ) of 1.1. A data analysis method using 2-D and 3-D heat transfer models of the test sections was used to calculate the average heat transfer coefficients for each experimental condition. Additionally, a pressure drop model was developed to resolve the total measured pressure drop into its components. The results of this study indicate that the turbulent convective heat transfer was independent of orientation (top versus bottom heating) for square microchannel (aspect ratio = 1) for the conditions investigated. Increasing the channel aspect ratio from 1 to 2 led to an enhancement in thermal transport. Finally, the heat transfer performance of the staggered pin array flow geometry was superior to the rectangular channels, but this enhancement in heat transfer was commensurate with the increase in pressure drop. Based on these results, this paper concludes with general design recommendations for those considering the early adoption of supercritical carbon dioxide for thermal management applications.
Laparoscopic reduction and repair of acute traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: A video review

Abstract Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is one of the sequela of thoraco-abdominal injury, occurring in about 0.5%–5% of patients presenting post major trauma. Motor vehicle collision is the leading blunt trauma etiology. A high level of suspicion is essential to discover such injuries, as a majority of the patients can be asymptomatic. A case of a successful trans-abdominal laparoscopic reduction and repair of a large acute traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is presented as a video demonstration. We were able to evacuate all intrathoracic air, obliviating the need for a chest tube. Post operatively the patient did well with no complications. If expertise is available, laparoscopic intervention is a feasible option even for large traumatic diaphragmatic hernia preventing the need for a large midline laparotomy incision.
β-L-1-[5-(E-2-Bromovinyl)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl)] Uracil (L-BHDU) Inhibits Varicella Zoster Virus Replication by Depleting the Cellular dTTP Pool

Abstract s-L-1-[5-(E-2-bromovinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolan-4-yl)] uracil (L-BHDU) inhibits varicella zoster virus (VZV) replication in cultured cells, human skin, and in SCID-Hu mice with skin xenografts. VZV thymidine kinase converts L-BHDU to monophosphate (MP) and diphosphate (DP) forms, but the triphosphate form was not detected in infected cells and the antiviral mechanism was unknown. Given its similar structure to uridine, we asked if L-BHDU interfered with viral DNA replication via inhibition of the purine and/or pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways. Addition of purines to the medium was unable to restore VZV replication in the presence of L-BHDU. In contrast, excess thymidine and uridine in proportion to L-BHDU restored VZV replication, suggesting that the active form of L-BHDU interfered with pyrimidine biosynthesis. However, addition of thymidine and uridine failed to restore VZV replication in non-dividing cells treated with L-BHDU. Like other herpesviruses, VZV infection increased thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) in confluent cells while L-BHDU treatment decreased the dTTP pool by nearly 4-fold. The active form(s) of L-BHDU did not interfere with cellular metabolism, suggesting viral target(s).
Theoretical L 2 - and L 3 -Subshell Fluorescence Yields and L 2 − L 3 X Coster-Kronig Transition Probabilities

${L}_{2}$-subshell fluorescence yields ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ and ${L}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{3}X$ Coster-Kronig transition probabilities ${f}_{23}$ have been calculated for 21 elements with atomic numbers $26l~Zl~93$, and ${L}_{3}$ fluorescence yields ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ were computed for 14 atoms with $26l~Zl~85$. Radiationless transition probabilities were calculated in $j\ensuremath{-}j$ coupling from screened nonrelativistic hydrogenic wave functions. All contributing Auger matrix elements including states through $4{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ were included. The theoretical Auger widths were combined with Scofield's x-ray emission rates to derive fluorescence yields. Results from ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ are in very good agreement with experiment. The calculated Coster-Kronig transition probabilities are close to those derived by McGuire from a self-consistent-field potential. However, the theoretical ${f}_{23}$ curves differ by \ensuremath{\sim}35% from measured values of ${f}_{23}$. No explanation for this discrepancy has been found.
Multiple myeloma (MM) therapy within a Medicare-insured patient population: Role of care setting and oncologist sub-specialization in hematologic malignancies.

38Background: Dramatic increases in oncology practice consolidation with hospitals may affect care setting and whether patients see oncologists that specialize in their cancer, with downstream effe...
Grounded in the present, rooted through the body: a theoretical dance/movement therapy model for using pelvic embodiment in the therapeutic relationship

This author provides a model for using the pelvis to ‘anchor’ the mind in the body and, therefore, the present moment, enhancing the therapeutic relationship through embodied connection. For somati...
Principal factors in performance of indirect-drive laser fusion experiments

Progress in inertial confinement fusion depends on the accurate interpretation of experiments that are complex and difficult to explain with simulations. Results could depend on small changes in the laser pulse or target or physics that are not fully understood or characterized. In this paper, we discuss an x-ray-driven platform [Baker et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 135001 (2018)] with fewer sources of degradation and find the fusion yield can be described as a physically motivated function of laser energy, target scale, and implosion symmetry. This platform and analysis could enable a more experimental approach to the study and optimization of implosion physics.
Up or Out: Resetting Norms for Peer Reviewed Publishing in the Social Sciences

The peer review process typically has multiple evaluators. Too often editors rely on the Union Heuristic, which requires authors to perform all requested tests and extensions suggested by referees and editors, with results confirming the paper’s message. The Union Heuristic is easy, but has dysfunctional consequences—wasteful efforts on excessive empirical and theoretical robustness checks and extensions, slow publication times, bloated papers, and heavy use of referee time. We contrast this with the polar opposite (also not our recommendation), the Intersection Heuristic—requiring authors to perform only extensions requested by all evaluators. We propose that editors reset norms by making clear that as a matter of procedure, at editor discretion, excellent referee or coeditor suggestions will often not be mandated for authors. Instead, there should be a presumption of Up or Out (accept or reject typically one round of revisions or less) for submissions, with the extent of suggested changes held firmly in check. This will improve referee and author incentives, and streamline the publication process. It may also encourage authors to take the risks inherent in producing more innovative papers.
Changes in Bacterial Endophyte Community Following Aspergillus flavus Infection in Resistant and Susceptible Maize Kernels

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus)-mediated aflatoxin contamination in maize is a major global economic and health concern. As A. flavus is an opportunistic seed pathogen, the identification of factors contributing to kernel resistance will be of great importance in the development of novel mitigation strategies. Using V3–V4 bacterial rRNA sequencing and seeds of A. flavus-resistant maize breeding lines TZAR102 and MI82 and a susceptible line, SC212, we investigated kernel-specific changes in bacterial endophytes during infection. A total of 81 bacterial genera belonging to 10 phyla were detected. Bacteria belonging to the phylum Tenericutes comprised 86–99% of the detected phyla, followed by Proteobacteria (14%) and others (<5%) that changed with treatments and/or genotypes. Higher basal levels (without infection) of Streptomyces and Microbacterium in TZAR102 and increases in the abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Sphingomonas in MI82 following infection may suggest their role in resistance. Functional profiling of bacteria using 16S rRNA sequencing data revealed the presence of bacteria associated with the production of putative type II polyketides and sesquiterpenoids in the resistant vs. susceptible lines. Future characterization of endophytes predicted to possess antifungal/ anti-aflatoxigenic properties will aid in their development as effective biocontrol agents or microbiome markers for maize aflatoxin resistance.
Experimentation for optimization of heterogeneous drone swarm configurations: terrain and distribution

Computer simulation experimentation examined the effectiveness of different Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) swarm configurations for identification and localization of survivors after a natural disaster using the DroneLab application. Swarms differed in terms of total number of drones and ratio of entities programmed to perform one of three different “personalities”—Relay, Social, and Antisocial. Relay behavior puts a high priority on maintaining proximity to the centroid of the swarm while also maintaining a distance to closest neighbor drones equal to half of the maximum WiFi range. Antisocial drones prioritize an expanding behavior, increasing the spread of the swarm, while the Social behavior prioritizes a contractive behavior resulting in a tighter swarm formation. All drones performed a local waypoint-based search behavior while conducting a spiral-out search pattern upon detecting four or more survivors within a 10-meter radius. Swarm configurations with different ratios of these behaving entities were assessed for mission completion, defined as time to find 90% of the survivors. Mission completions were recorded for four simulation scenarios consisting of two terrains (urban/rural) with two different distributions of survivors (naturalistic/randomized). Ten replications of 98 different drone configurations were evaluated. Statistically significant differences between time to mission completion between the terrains, between the two distributions, and among the iterations were revealed. Qualitative comparisons revealed differences in configurations that performed the best in each terrain. A few configurations performed well in all four scenarios. Moreover, the minimum number of entities needed for well-performing swarms was indicated. The work demonstrates the utility of computer experimentation and statistical analyses for developing a framework for swarm design for operational effectiveness.
Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Prevent COVID-19 Progression.

As of March 2021, COVID-19 has caused more than 123 million infections, and almost 3 million deaths worldwide. Dramatic advances have been made in vaccine development and non-pharmaceutical interventions to stop the spread of infection. But treatments to stop the progression of disease are limited. A wide variety of "repurposed" drugs explored for treatment of COVID-19 have had little or no benefit. More recently, intravenous monoclonal antibody (mAb) combinations have been authorized by the US FDA for emergency use (EUA) for outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 including some active against emerging SARS-COV-2 variants of concern (VOC). Easier to administer therapeutics including intramuscular and subcutaneous mAbs and oral antivirals are in clinical trials. Reliable, safe, effective COVID-19 treatment for early infection in the outpatient setting is of urgent and critical importance. Availability of such treatment should lead to reduced progression of COVID-19.
Sustainable irrigation through local collaborative governance: Evidence for a structural fix in Kansas

Abstract Sustainable water management is increasingly essential on local to global scales, especially in regions where water scarcity is causing immediate environmental, social, and economic harm. While academics and politicians agree on the need to reduce pressure on critical water resources, the path toward that goal is not clear. Here, we present an interdisciplinary evaluation of two distinct policy approaches toward water conservation to determine whether they reduced the depletion rate of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central United States. Several studies have demonstrated, and our findings support, that subsidizing the purchase of more efficient irrigation technology failed to reduce water consumption. However, a structural approach in which state-facilitated, but locally-derived, limits were placed on water consumption did successfully reduce groundwater extraction with the support of local agricultural producers. We analyze these results using a political, sociological, and economic theoretical framework and conclude that to build upon the success of this collaborative governance model, states should seek to replicate localized groups rather than expanding management boundaries to incorporate larger geographic areas.
Damage-associated Molecular Patterns in Clinical and Animal Models of Uveitis.

Non-infectious autoimmune uveitis (NIU) in man is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the uveal tract and adjacent ocular structures.1 The disease course can be acute...
Contained: why it's better to display some products without a package.

Across varying marketplace contexts (e.g., grocery stores, restaurants, e-commerce) managers display products with and without packaging, seemingly arbitrarily. Does displaying a product packaged as opposed to unpackaged influence consumers’ product responses? Six controlled experiments and an Instagram study address this question. We focus primarily on food products but show our results extend to non-food products that are natural (i.e., originate from plants, animals, or humans). We propose that, in addition to its physical function, packaging acts as a symbolic barrier that separates the product from nature, decreasing perceived product naturalness and leading to less favorable product responses. Consistent with our theorizing, the negative effects of packaging attenuate when product information or retail signage highlights the product’s connection to nature and are contingent on the importance of product naturalness. Our findings have implications for strategic use of packaging in physical and digital merchandising and sustainability initiatives aimed at reducing packaging.
Referential alarm calling elicits future vigilance in a host of an avian brood parasite.

Yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) use referential ‘seet’ calls to warn mates of brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). In response to seet calls during the day, female warblers ...
A Latent Profile Analysis of University Faculty Subtypes for Mobile Technology Integration

Abstract The need for entirely online instruction as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised many questions about university faculty readiness for online instruction and how to effectively support university faculty in integrating mobile technology into their practice. Previous research suggests subtypes of university faculty technology integration and in turn, a need for diversified approaches to professional development. However, such research is both limited and contested, and thus further research is needed. This multistudy examined whether there are qualitatively distinct faculty subtypes for mobile technology integration (Study 1: N = 83, Study 2: N = 45) based on their knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes towards mobile technology, and whether such subtypes, if indeed were present, were meaningfully associated with an adoption of mobile technology in the following semester. Findings from the latent profile analysis suggest five university faculty subtypes: Technology Enthusiasts, Knowledgeable Adopters, Prospective Adopters, Knowledgeable Skeptics, and Non-Adopters. Study 2 validates Study 1 findings. Findings illustrate that technology professional development opportunities only have value for certain university faculty groups and that resources would be better targeted elsewhere for faculty groups such as non-adopters. We discuss the implications of these findings for future efforts to support university faculty mobile technology integration.
Octahedral rotations in Ruddlesden-Popper layered oxides under pressure from first principles

The combination of reduced dimensionality and tunable structural distortions in layered perovskite oxides makes these materials ideal platforms for designing novel properties and functionalities. One example is hybrid improper ferroelectricity in $n=2$ Ruddlesden-Popper oxides, where the combination of a layered crystal structure and rotations of the metal-oxide octahedra break symmetry and induce a polarization. Precisely controlling the octahedral rotation distortions, for example by the application of hydrostatic pressure, provides a pathway to tune and optimize the properties of these materials. We combine group theoretic methods, density functional theory calculations, and Landau theory analysis to investigate how octahedral rotations respond to pressure in the hybrid improper ferroelectrics ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}, {\mathrm{Ca}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. We find that factors that are known to control the pressure response of $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ perovskites---the formal charge of the $A$- and $B$-site cations, tolerance factor, and $B$-site chemistry---also impact the pressure response of these layered perovskites. We also show that coupling between the octahedral rotation and strain order parameters plays a key role in determining the overall pressure response. Despite some similarities, we find that these layered perovskites display a distinct pressure response compared to their $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ perovskite analogs. By identifying trends and underlying mechanisms that control octahedral rotations in Ruddlesden-Popper oxides under pressure, this work lays the foundation for tailoring the structure and properties of these materials.
A conceptual framework for dynamic control of daylighting and electric lighting systems

As an initial step toward establishing a comprehensive research program on building automization, a conceptual framework for a dynamic and integrative control of daylighting and electric lighting systems for commercial buildings is presented. The integrative control of architectural systems creates opportunities to reduce energy consumption in buildings. With the increased application of microprocessors to HVAC, electric lighting, and adjustable facade elements, occupants and climatic conditions can be used to advantage. For daylighting control, an integrative control approach is proposed that considers context variables, control logic, design variables, and control functions. From these, a framework was developed for the integrative control of architectural systems. An important part of the integrative control approach is the application of predictive control functions. In the case of daylighting control, this includes predictors for glare index and light level. By parsimoniously expressing these variables in terms of easily sensed climatic variables and window properties, an integrative solution can be achieved that considers energy efficiency and occupant well being. >
Preclinical models for human pre-embryo biopsy and genetic diagnosis. I. Efficiency and normalcy of mouse pre-embryo development after different biopsy techniques

Objective To compare the usefulness of three micromanipulative methods at two different stages of pre-embryo development and to assess possible effects on postbiopsy survival and development. Design Four-cell and eight-cell mouse pre-embryos were biopsied using enucleation, aspiration, or extrusion of single blastomeres. After biopsy, pre-embryos were observed for in vitro and in vivo development. Setting Laboratories of The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School. Patients, Participants Only mice were used. Interventions Pre-embryo biopsy, developmental normalcy and pre-embryo transfer were studied. Main Outcome Measure(s) Few pre-embryos died as a result of biopsy trauma. High postbiopsy survival rates were associated with normal intrauterine and postnatal development. Results Expanded blastocyst formation rates from four-cell and eight-cell pre-embryos were 94.6%, 96.7% (controls); 80.7%, 89.1% (enucleation); 90.1%, 91.7% (aspiration); 83.1%, 91.5% (extrusion), respectively. Live birth rates at the four-cell stage were slightly lower in the enucleation group than in the blastomere aspiration and extrusion groups or controls (49.2% versus 58.8%, 56.3% and 66.7%, respectively). For the eight-cell stage, there were no differences between the groups. No developmental abnormalities were found in body or organ weights, in neonates or at 3weeks of age, or in their subsequent ability to reproduce a second generation. Conclusions Biopsy of mouse pre-embryos produces only a small loss of viability because of trauma and permits normal prenatal and postnatal development among surviving pre-embryos.
Effect of CO2 inhibition on biogenic isoprene emission: Implications for air quality under 2000 to 2050 changes in climate, vegetation, and land use

[1] The inhibition of biogenic isoprene emission by elevated CO2 as observed in many plant taxa may significantly alter the sensitivity of air quality to global changes. We use a one-way coupled modeling framework to perform simulations under various combinations of 2000 to 2050 changes in climate, natural vegetation, anthropogenic emissions and land use to examine the effect of the CO2-isoprene interaction on atmospheric composition. We find that consideration of CO2 inhibition substantially reduces the sensitivity of surface ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) to climate and natural vegetation, resulting in much smaller ozone and SOA increases in major populated regions than are projected by previous studies. The impact of land use on air quality is relatively insensitive to CO2 inhibition, rendering land use change the key factor that can offset or enhance the effects of anthropogenic emissions and shape air quality and climate-relevant species in the mid-21st century.