cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Melodrama Machine

This essay reviews the following works: Reimagining Brazilian Television: Luiz Fernando Carvalho’s Contemporary Vision. By Eli Lee Carter. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. Pp. x + 286. $28.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822964988. Frontera Verde. By Jenny Ceballos, Mauricio Leiva-Cock, and Diego Ramirez-Schrempp. Netflix, 2019. 8 episodes. Foundational Films: Early Cinema and Modernity in Brazil. By Maite Conde. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. xiii + 306. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520290990. Mock Classicism: Latin American Film Comedy, 1930–1960. By Nilo Couret. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 279. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520296855. Roma. Written and directed by Alfonso Cuaron. Netflix, 2018. Latin American Film Industries. By Tamara L. Falicov. London: Bloomsbury and British Film Institute, 2019. Pp. ix + 193. $31.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781844573103. Cosmopolitan Film Cultures in Latin America, 1896–1960. Edited by Rielle Navitski and Nicolas Poppe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017. Pp. xi + 376. $38.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780253026460. Channeling the State: Community Media and Popular Politics in Venezuela. By Naomi Schiller. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 275. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478001447. Bolivar. By Juana Uribe, Maria Clara Torres, Ricardo Aponte, and Leonor Sardi. Directed by Luis Alberto Restrepo, Andres Beltran, and Jaime Rayo. Netflix-Caracol Internacional, 2019. 63 episodes. Capitan Latinoamerica: Superheroes in Cinema, Television, and Web Series. By Vinodh Venkatesh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2020. Pp. xiii + 261. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781438480152.
Spiers Memorial Lecture:. Progress and prospects of reticular chemistry.

Reticular chemistry, the linking of molecular building units by strong bonds to make crystalline, extended structures such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), is currently one of the most rapidly expanding fields of science. In this contribution, we outline the origins of the field; the key intellectual and practical contributions, which have led to this expansion; and the new directions reticular chemistry is taking that are changing the way we think about making new materials and the manner with which we incorporate chemical information within structures to reach additional levels of functionality. This progress is described in the larger context of chemistry and unexplored, yet important, aspects of this field are presented.
Neutral pH nonfat dry milk beverages with turbidity reduced by sodium hexametaphosphate: Physical and sensory properties during storage

Abstract There has been ascending demand on beverages enriched with dairy proteins. Calcium chelators can improve transparency and stability of beverages with nonfat dry milk (NFDM) resulting from dissociation of casein micelles. In this study, vanilla-flavored model beverages with 5% or 10% w/w NFDM were manufactured with or without 0.43% w/w sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), physical properties were studied during 70-day storage at 4 °C and room temperature (RT), and sensory properties were evaluated during storage at 4 °C. SHMP resulted in decreased turbidity, particle diameter, and zeta-potential magnitude. The turbidity was stable at 4 °C but increased from 161 to 315 NTU and 333 to 818 NTU, respectively, for beverages with 5% and 10% NFDM after 70-day storage at RT. SHMP resulted in insignificant and significant increase in viscosity for 5% and 10% NFDM beverage, respectively. The 10% NFDM beverage with SHMP also developed into a gel during storage at RT but remained fluidic at 4 °C. Descriptive sensory analysis suggested that SHMP resulted in soapy flavor and salty taste of beverages with decreasing vanilla and milky flavors after 70-day refrigerated storage. Findings from the present study suggest that SHMP may be used to reduce the turbidity of refrigerated beverages based on NFDM.
A machine learning approach to predict thermal expansion of complex oxides

Abstract Although it is of scientific and practical importance, the state-of-the-art of predicting the thermal expansion of oxides over broad temperature and composition ranges by physics-based atomistic simulations is currently limited to qualitative agreements. We present an emerging machine learning (ML) approach to accurately predict the thermal expansion of cubic oxides with a dataset consisting of experimentally measured lattice parameters while using the metal cation polyhedron and temperature as descriptors. High-fidelity ML models that can accurately predict temperature- and composition-dependent lattice parameters of cubic oxides with isotropic thermal expansions have been successfully trained. The ML-predicted thermal expansions of oxides not included in the training dataset have shown good agreement with available experiments. The limitations of the current approach and challenges to go beyond cubic oxides with isotropic thermal expansion are also briefly discussed.
Using Ambystoma mexicanum (Mexican axolotl) embryos, chemical genetics, and microarray analysis to identify signaling pathways associated with tissue regeneration

Amphibian vertebrates are important models in regenerative biology because they present exceptional regenerative capabilities throughout life. However, it takes considerable effort to rear amphibians to juvenile and adult stages for regeneration studies, and the relatively large sizes that frogs and salamanders achieve during development make them difficult to use in chemical screens. Here, we introduce a new tail regeneration model using late stage Mexican axolotl embryos. We show that axolotl embryos completely regenerate amputated tails in 7days before they exhaust their yolk supply and begin to feed. Further, we show that axolotl embryos can be efficiently reared in microtiter plates to achieve moderate throughput screening of soluble chemicals to investigate toxicity and identify molecules that alter regenerative outcome. As proof of principle, we identified integration 1 / wingless (Wnt), transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-β), and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) pathway antagonists that completely block tail regeneration and additional chemicals that significantly affected tail outgrowth. Furthermore, we used microarray analysis to show that inhibition of Wnt signaling broadly affects transcription of genes associated with Wnt, Fgf, Tgf-β, epidermal growth factor (Egf), Notch, nerve growth factor (Ngf), homeotic gene (Hox), rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/Mapk), myelocytomatosis viral oncogene (Myc), tumor protein 53 (p53), and retinoic acid (RA) pathways. Punctuated changes in the expression of genes known to regulate vertebrate development were observed; this suggests the tail regeneration transcriptional program is hierarchically structured and temporally ordered. Our study establishes the axolotl as a chemical screening model to investigate signaling pathways associated with tissue regeneration.
Oxidative rancidity and discoloration in meat.

Publisher Summary This chapter is concerned with two types of oxidative changes that occur in meat: oxidation of the fat, resulting in rancidity; and oxidation of the heme pigments, resulting in discoloration. The two are closely related. In fact, each can accelerate the other, but each can also proceed independently of the other. Together they account for a large part of the economic loss due to substandard or spoiled meat. The chapter devotes to the more fundamental work on these reactions and their interrelationships in meat as it is believed that control can best be achieved when the causes of deterioration are thoroughly understood. In general, the oxidative changes discussed are those of chemical rather than microbiological origin, although it is recognized that the same changes are often brought about by bacteria, and it is not always possible to determine whether bacteria are implicated. The chapter presents facts that contradict simple assumptions such as the idea that the fresh meat of any species is a more or less uniform starting point for experimentation and the idea that the various oxidations that occur in meat, resulting in off-odors, off-flavors, and discolorations, could be lumped together for purposes of control.
Health Care Technology for the Developing World

To deliver health care effectively, even the most basic hospital must have functioning technology. Yet, in a developing world hospital, as much as 60% of the equipment does not work. Although it is tempting to blame the problem exclusively on the political or economic conditions of the third world, in fact, biomedical engineering has played a role in the failure to transfer the technological advances of the developed world to the population of the developing world. This article discusses the interaction of biomedical engineering and the developing world, as well as the tremendous opportunity that biomedical engineers have to contribute solutions to common third world problems. Keywords: developing world; third world; health-care technology
Social Exemplifications of Physical Principles

Many years ago in the brashness of youth the writer prepared an article on the possible use of physical principles and concepts in the description and understanding of social phenomena.1 He called attention to the earlier efforts of social scientists like August Comte, Herbert Spencer, and Lester F. Ward to apply physical concepts and laws more or less directly to sociological explanation. He emphasized the difficulties encountered in the use of such analogies, e.g., the attempt to introduce a “social force” analogous to “force” in mechanics, overlooking the highly specific meaning attributed to the term in physics, not always clearly grasped by the nonphysicist and indeed for a long time not even too precisely clear to many physicists and engineers. It was only later that his attention was drawn to the ideas and criticisms of Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), who in his monumental work Trattato di SocioJogia Generale (1916)2 stresses in great detail the same difficulties.
The Cuban economy: rectification in a changing world

Since 1986, Cuba has been engaged in a process of "rectification" of its economic system that has enhanced centralization and all but eliminated incipient forms of markets that had been introduced in the 1980s. Economic performance during this period has been unsatisfactory. Drastic changes in the trading relationships with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe contributed to the poor performance and present serious challenges for the island's economic development in the 1990s. Copyright 1992 by Oxford University Press.
Strategic bargaining equilibrium in a market with no re-entry: A generalization

Abstract This paper extends a model proposed by Osborne and Rubinstein (1990) — characterized by no re-entry and positive impatience — to include (i) arbitrary market size and (ii) uncertainty of matching for all agents. Uniqueness of market equilibrium is shown to extend to this case. As impatience goes to zero the Walrasian outcome is implemented.
Maternal dexamethasone exposure ameliorates cognition and tau pathology in the offspring of triple transgenic AD mice

Dysregulation of stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, in adult life increases the risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of prenatal glucocorticoids exposure on AD development in the offspring remains unknown. We studied how gestational dexamethasone exposure influences the AD-like phenotype in the offspring of triple transgenic AD mice (3 × Tg). To this end, female mice received dexamethasone or vehicle during the entire pregnancy time in the drinking water. Offspring from vehicle-treated 3 × Tg (controls) were compared with offspring from dexamethasone-treated 3 × Tg later in life for their memory, learning ability and brain pathology. Compared with controls, offspring from dexamethasone-treated mothers displayed improvement in their memory as assessed by fear conditioning test, both in the cue and recall phases. The same animals had a significant reduction in the insoluble fraction of tau, which was associated with an increase in autophagy. In addition, they showed an activation of the transcription factor cellular response element-binding protein and an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and c-FOS protein levels, key regulators of synaptic plasticity and memory. We conclude that dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy provides long-lasting protection against the onset and development of the AD-like phenotype by improving cognition and tau pathology.
Abstract 7: PARP and Bcl-2 co-inhibition in small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 10-15% of all lung cancers. SCLC is initially responsive to chemotherapy, but quickly relapses. With few other treatment options available, the 5-year survival rate remains less than 5%. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein that is overexpressed in SCLC and is associated with chemotherapy resistance. Previous studies have shown Bcl-2 inhibition to be effective in SCLC cell lines; however, Bcl-2 antagonists, such as GX15-070 (obatoclax mesylate), have been disappointing in clinical trials. We have recently shown that PARP-1, a DNA binding protein involved in single and double strand break repairs, is overexpressed in SCLC and that SCLC models are sensitive to PARP inhibition. As recent work illustrated a synergistic interaction between Bcl-2 antagonists and PARP inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cell lines, we hypothesize that a similar effect may occur in SCLC. Methods: Thirteen SCLC cell lines were treated with GX15-070 ± the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 (olaparib), and proliferation was assayed by CellTiter-Glo. In an effort to identify potential biomarkers of response to combination therapy, drug sensitivities (IC50 values) were correlated with proteomic profiling data generated by reverse phase protein array (RPPA), which measured the expression of 193 total and/or phospho-proteins. Results: As expected, SCLC cell lines exhibited a range of sensitivities to single agent GX15-070 in vitro (0.02-0.40 μM). When AZD2281 (PARP inhibitor) was added to a low dose of GX15-070 (0.03 μM), an additive effect was observed in 6 of 10 cell lines tested. Baseline proteomic profiling by RPPA revealed a number of proteins that correlated with sensitivity to Bcl-2 inhibition, including a pathway connecting high insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS) to high Bcl-xL, (IRS-1, SGK, FOXO3, BIM, and Bcl-xL). Bcl-xL is also a target of GX15-070. Conclusion: Some SCLC cell lines were sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibition. In contrast to pancreatic cancer, a synergistic interaction was not observed when GX15-070 was combined with AZD2281. This combination showed at best an additive interaction in 6 of 10 SCLC cell lines tested, indicating limited value to the SCLC patient population as a whole. Interestingly, high IRS-1 and Bcl-xL expression may serve as biomarkers of response to GX15-070, suggesting a subset of SCLC patients that may be more sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibition. Our baseline proteomic analysis also suggests novel Bcl-2 inhibitor combinations. Metformin, for example, elevates expression of IRS-1, and its use could further sensitize SCLC to Bcl-2 inhibition. We are currently testing this novel combination in pre-clinical models of SCLC Citation Format: Janaya Shelly, Robert J. Cardnell, Fatemeh Masrorpour, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Lauren Byers. PARP and Bcl-2 co-inhibition in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 7. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-7
Interstellar chemistry in the last two decades

Since the discovery of polyatomic molecules in interstellar space more than two decades ago, much progress has been made in understanding how these molecules are both produced and destroyed. In this review, the history of the progress in interstellar chemistry is discussed.
Do Children See in Black and White? Children's and Adults' Categorizations of Multiracial Individuals

Categorizations of multiracial individuals provide insight into the development of racial concepts. Children's (4-13 years) and adults', both White (Study 1) and Black (Study 2; N = 387), categorizations of multiracial individuals were examined. White children (unlike Black children) more often categorized multiracial individuals as Black than as White in the absence of parentage information. White and Black adults (unlike children) more often categorized multiracial individuals as Black than as White, even when knowing the individuals' parentage. Children's rates of in-group contact predicted their categorizations. These data suggest that a tendency to categorize multiracial individuals as Black relative to White emerges early in development and results from perceptual biases in White children but ideological motives in White and Black adults.
Cholesterol, Steroid and Isoprenoid Biosynthesis

Steroids, sterols, and many other natural products all derive from isoprenoid building blocks via two common biosynthetic pathways. The subsequent processing of the structural core yields specific products that possess diverse structures and biological activities. Keywords: sterols; bile acids; squalene; mevalonate; deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway; steroidogenesis; biosynthetic defects
The role of digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound, and prostate specific antigen for the detection of confined and clinically relevant prostate cancer.

In a study population, can digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) (monoclonal) effectively detect the majority of clinically relevant cancer? If this is possible, the remaining patients could then be considered for chemopreventive protocols. The American Cancer Society/National Prostate Cancer Detection Project (ACS/NPCDP) had a cancer detection rate of 2.4% for its initial year utilizing PSA, DRE and TRUS. TRUS and PSA detected 73% more cancer than DRE alone. TRUS detected a greater percentage of cancers than DRE (85% vs. 64%). PSA was > or = 4 ng/ml for 66% of prostate cancer patients; 11% of cancer patients had PSA 2 ng/ml have TRUS determination of gland volume (performed by technician). 3. pPSA = gland volume x 0.12. If sPSA > pPSA then: 4. (sPSA-pPSA)/2 = predicted volume (cc) of cancer; 5. 3 square root of volume of cancer = mean diameter (cm) of cancer. Thus, these results should detect the majority of clinically relevant cancer (> 0.5 cc). PSA combined with TRUS and DRE can identify high risk groups for cancer.
C-Band Dual-Polarization Radar Observables in Rain

Abstract C-band dual-linear polarization radar observables are simulated from disdrometer measurements in rainfall and from gamma-model raindrop-size distributions. It is shown that rainfall is clustered in certain sections of planes formed by selected pairs of radar observables, such as (ZH, ZDR), (ZH, ZDP), (ZH, KDP), and (ρ, ZDR). Measurements lying outside these rainfall cluster regions can be interpreted as being from ice- and mixed-phase hydrometeors. Relationships for estimating rainfall rate R from radar measurements of ZH, KDP, and (ZH, ZDR) are derived, and the latter is shown to produce the best results. An important problem for C-band measurements in the presence of rainfall is attenuation. For this purpose, relationships are derived for estimating specific attenuation and specific differential attenuation from the specific differential phase. The backscattering differential phase shift, which is a potential source of error in estimating KDP, is shown to be very sensitive to the drop-size dist...
Safe Harbor Data Privacy and Security for European Union Employee Data

ABSTRACT The problem of securing and protecting European Union (EU) employee data and meeting EU privacy guidelines is growing as U.S. corporations continue to hire employees overseas. This article examines the ability of a multinational U.S. corporation to meet data privacy and security guidelines for EU data being transferred to the United States. By examining Safe Harbor regulation, this article simplifies the process by which a corporation can meet privacy regulatory constraints over EU data. Participation in Safe Harbor is voluntary for U.S. companies. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission reviews referrals from privacy self-regulatory organizations and EU member states that allege noncompliance to determine if unfair or deceptive practices have been committed. This article can be used to provide an operational framework of subjects to include in a corporation's policy and program to comply with Safe Harbor and to expedite that process.
The Rocky Foolsm Site : A Small Folsom Assemblage from the Northwestern Plains

A recent survey at Keyhole Reservoir in northeast Wyoming resulted in investigations of over fifty archaeological locations. One of these produced an assemblage of Folsom artifacts. Although these artifacts have been redeposited, the assemblage described here is thought to be of Folsom age. The goal of this article is to describe this small assemblage (n = 22) and use the perspective provided by the analysis of this site to review Folsom cultural dynamics.
The effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the anaerobic fungi Neocallimastix frontalis EB 188, Piromyces communis DC 193 and Orpinomyces ssp. RW 206 : generalized effects and component analysis

Three fungi Neocallimastix frontalis EB 188, Piromyces communis DC 193 and Orpinomyces ssp. RW 206, representing the predominant cultures isolated from cattle, were shown to respond to the addition of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (i.e., Amaferm; BioZyme Inc., St. Joseph, Mo.) stimulation. Growth rates, protein and cellulase secretion and fungal mass production were all accelerated in the presence of the extract. Analysis of volatile fatty acids produced by these three species suggested that extract addition increased and altered gas production. Fractionation and preliminary analysis of the components present in the soluble extract, which stimulated the growth of the cellulolytic fungus N. frontalis EB 188, were also attempted. Soluble and filtered, sterilized extract was treated prior to use as a stimulant. Pretreatments included dialysis, ultraviolet irradiation, freeze thaw cycling, boiling, autoclaving, digestion with protease, autodigestion, organic extraction, decolorizing-carbon binding and polyethylene glycol concentration. Boiling, protease treatment, organic extraction, freeze thaw cycling and decolorizing-carbon binding reduced the ability of the extract to stimulate fungal cultures. Gel electrophoresis methods demonstrated that protein- and cellulasesecretion profiles were not identical in control and stimulated cultures. High-performance liquid chromatography methods allowed the separation of the extract into a limited number of ultraviolet-absorbing peaks, of which several stimulated the physiology of the fungus.
Alterations in autobiographical memory for a blast event in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: Although loss of consciousness associated with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is thought to interfere with encoding of the TBI event, little is known about the effects of mild TBI (mTBI), which typically involves only transient disruption in consciousness. METHOD: Blast-exposed Afghanistan and Iraq War veterans were asked to recall the blast event. Participants were stratified based on whether the blast was associated with probable mTBI (n = 50) or not (n = 25). Narratives were scored for organizational structure (i.e., coherence) using the Narrative Coherence Coding Scheme (Reese et al., 2011) and episodic recollection using the Autobiographical Interview Coding Procedures (Levine et al., 2002). RESULTS: The mTBI group produced narratives that were less coherent but contained more episodic details than those of the no-TBI group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that mTBI interferes with the organizational quality of memory in a manner that is independent of episodic detail generation. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Expected cycle life vs. depth of discharge relationships of well-behaved single cells and cell strings

The present investigation is concerned with the factors which might influence the cycle life vs. depth of discharge relationship, taking into account the rate of loss of cell capacity, the amount of excess capacity built into the cells, and the penalty in capacity loss resulting from the use of deep depths of discharge. First principles are used to develop a cell life model for somewhat arbitrary conditions. This model is then used to estimate the cycle life vs. depth of discharge relationships for well behaved cells. The stochastic variations associated with groupings of single cells are then introduced to the battery pack cycle life model. The term well behaved cell is used to describe a single cell which does not suffer any abrupt failure mode during the course of its operation. It gradually loses capacity for any number of the usual reasons at a rate which is the product of the fractional depth of discharge and a factor which is characteristic of the cell under consideration.
Dislocation screening and the brittle-to-ductile transition: A Kosterlitz-Thouless type instability.

We propose a new model for the brittle-to-ductile transition based on the Kosterlitz-Thouless concept of dislocation screening. In this model, thermal fluctuations assisted by the applied stress drive the spontaneous generation of dislocations and the instability occurs well below the melting temperature. In the limit of zero stress, our model reduces to the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory of the melting transition, and, in the opposite limit of zero temperature, we obtain the Rice-Thomson result for the brittle-to-ductile transition.
Macrocyclic Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors: Optimization of Cellular Activity and Mode of Action Studies

Macrocyclic Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitors have been discovered with improved potency and maximal inhibition relative to the previously reported macrocycle robotnikinin. Analogues were prepared using a modular and efficient build-couple-pair (BCP) approach, with a ring-closing metathesis step to form the macrocyclic ring. Varying the position of the macrocycle nitrogen and oxygen atoms provided inhibitors with improved activity in cellular assays; the most potent analogue was 29 (BRD-6851), with an IC50 of 0.4 μM against C3H10T1/2 cells undergoing Hh-induced activation, as measured by Gli1 transcription and alkaline phosphatase induction. Studies with Patched knockout (Ptch–/–) cells and competition studies with the Smoothened (Smo) agonists SAG and purmorphamine demonstrate that in contrast to robotnikinin, select analogues are Smo antagonists.
Reducing Combustion Irreversibility Through Extreme Compression: Analyzing Device Performance

One promising technique for increasing the efficiency of combustion engines is to perform the reaction at extremely high compression ratios. To manage significantly higher temperatures and pressures, a new engine architecture is required. In addition, critical questions must be answered to address feasibility of operating at these extreme states. To investigate these questions, a single-shot, free-piston laboratory device was built, capable of achieving combustion at compression ratios of 100:1 and greater. This paper quantifies the combined heat- and mass-transfer losses present during air-compression experiments. Since these air-compression losses are also present during combustion experiments, quantifying these baseline operating losses, independent from additional losses during combustion, will help in assessing feasibility of the overall strategy as well as in identifying specific strategies for achieving higher efficiencies.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Neural Activity Patterns in Response to Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Mating Calls in the Túngara Frog

Background During mate choice, individuals must classify potential mates according to species identity and relative attractiveness. In many species, females do so by evaluating variation in the signals produced by males. Male tungara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) can produce single note calls (whines) and multi-note calls (whine-chucks). While the whine alone is sufficient for species recognition, females greatly prefer the whine-chuck when given a choice. Methodology/Principal Findings To better understand how the brain responds to variation in male mating signals, we mapped neural activity patterns evoked by interspecific and intraspecific variation in mating calls in tungara frogs by measuring expression of egr-1. We predicted that egr-1 responses to conspecific calls would identify brain regions that are potentially important for species recognition and that at least some of those brain regions would vary in their egr-1 responses to mating calls that vary in attractiveness. We measured egr-1 in the auditory brainstem and its forebrain targets and found that conspecific whine-chucks elicited greater egr-1 expression than heterospecific whines in all but three regions. We found no evidence that preferred whine-chuck calls elicited greater egr-1 expression than conspecific whines in any of eleven brain regions examined, in contrast to predictions that mating preferences in tungara frogs emerge from greater responses in the auditory system. Conclusions Although selectivity for species-specific signals is apparent throughout the tungara frog brain, further studies are necessary to elucidate how neural activity patterns vary with the attractiveness of conspecific mating calls.
Student computing purchase programs

There are a variety of approaches to student computer purchases in academic institutions. The goal of a purchase program might be to lower costs to students, to provide guidance for the type of equipment the student buys, to provide a uniform platform, or to simplify both hardware and software technical support. Purchase programs may be run by the University; allow for a third party, such as a bookstore or other vendor to manage offerings; or be designed so the student interacts with the manufacturer directly. Programs also vary in the way students are encouraged or even mandated to participate. The "weakest mandate" would be to allow a vendor or vendors to offer their entire product line to students at a discount. At the opposite end of the spectrum, a "strong mandate" program would require students to purchase a specifically configured model in order to attend classes. A vendor might offer one standard bundle of systems to a number of schools, or the offerings can be specifically tailored to each institution, college, department or even student. Warranty issues can be handled locally or can be directed to the vendor and/or manufacturer. This paper discusses considerations when setting up a purchase program, the advantages of different program models, and ramifications of each to students and the institution's support staff as well as the effect on institutional purchases.
Performance analysis of a shortest-delay protocol

Abstract A generalized shortest-delay access method (SDAM) protocol for local networks is defined and evaluated. This protocol differs from a previously reported SDAM in that it accommodates a branching-bus topology instead of a single-bus network. It is shown that for small bus-delays, SDAM performs very close to that of M/D1- with perfect scheduling. In this paper, the performance evaluation of SDAM is more pragmatic in that the effects of various protocol overheads (e.g., decoding, turnaround time, initializing packets, etc.) are taken into account. An analysis of the tradeoffs between exhaustive and nonexhaustive transmission disciplines is also presented.
Magnetic characteristics of RCo2−xFex hydrides (R ≡ Tb,Dy)

Abstract The Laves phase compounds RCo2−xFex (R ≡ Tb, Dy and x = 0, 0.6 and 2) are found to absorb about 3–3.5 hydrogen atoms per formula unit. The hydrogen absorption results in a large increase in cell volume (about 20%–25%) without a change in the structure. Detailed magnetization studies on the parent compounds and the hydrides have been carried out in the temperature interval 4.2–300 K. From these measurements it is inferred that the hydrogen absorption leads to a reduction in the cobalt magnetic moment in TbCo2 and DyCo2 but to an increase in the iron moment in TbFe2 and DyFe2 as well as in the cobalt-rich ternaries TbCo1.4Fe0.6 and DyCo1.4Fe0.6. Magnetization of all the hydrides at 4.2 K shows no tendency to saturate even in fields up to 20 kOe. This suggests a possible fanning of the rare earth moments in the hydrides due to the weakening of the RCo and RFe exchange. A change from the first-order magnetic transition in DyCo2 at the Curie temperature to the second order, on hydrogenation, is observed.
PURULENT RHINORRHEA OF SHORT DURATION IN CHILDREN: BACTERIOLOGY AND PARANASAL SINUS COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) RESULTS. • 67

PURULENT RHINORRHEA OF SHORT DURATION IN CHILDREN: BACTERIOLOGY AND PARANASAL SINUS COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) RESULTS. • 67
Scapular and humeral movement patterns of people with stroke during range-of-motion exercises.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In people with stroke, range-of-motion (ROM) exercises may contribute to hemiparetic shoulder pain, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study examined scapular and humeral movement patterns in people with poststroke hemiparesis as they performed commonly prescribed ROM exercises. METHODS Using kinematic techniques, we studied 13 people with hemiparesis, both with and without pain, as they performed 3 commonly prescribed ROM exercises: person-assisted ROM, self-assisted ROM, and cane-assisted ROM. Their data were compared with those of a group of 12 matched control subjects performing scapular plane shoulder elevation, using mixed-model ANOVAs. Correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship between participants' ratings of pain and kinematic data. RESULTS The hemiparetic group had mild pain at rest that increased during the performance of the exercises. During shoulder elevation, humeral external rotation in the hemiparetic group was decreased in all 3 ROM exercises compared with that in the control group. Scapular upward rotation in the hemiparetic group was decreased for the person-assisted ROM exercise only. No differences in scapular tilt were found between groups. The extent of movement abnormalities was not related to pain severity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS People with hemiparesis had altered scapular and humeral movement patterns and increased shoulder pain when performing the ROM exercises. These data can assist clinicians in making decisions regarding which exercises to prescribe to preserve shoulder motion and prevent contractures in this population.
The diurnal cycle and a difference in reaction times in earthworms

1. The time necessary for the withdrawal of the anterior end of the body from an oval spot of light was found for dark-adapted earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris L., during test periods which started at 12:00 or 19:00 hours. 2. For 309 trials begun at 19:00, the average reaction time was 7.13 seconds and for the 308 begun at 12:00, it was 9.93 seconds. 3. Here is another example of the effect of a diurnal cycle on a response typical of this species, and it is discussed in regard to other indicators of biological rhythmicity in earthworms.
A putative azoreductase gene is involved in the Shewanella oneidensis response to heavy metal stress

The Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 gene SO3585, which is annotated as a putative flavin mononucleotide-dependent azoreductase, shares 28% sequence identity with Bacillus subtilis azoreductase and Pseudomonas putida ChrR, a soluble flavoprotein exhibiting chromate reductase activity. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the SO3585 gene is co-transcribed with two downstream open reading frames: SO3586 (a glyoxalase family protein) and SO3587 (a predicted membrane-associated hypothetical protein). The transcriptional start site of the so3585 transcript was localized using 5' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends analysis. To investigate the cellular function of SO3585, an in-frame deletion of the so3585 locus was generated in MR-1, and the phenotype of the resulting mutant was characterized. The so3585 deletion mutant was comparable to the parental strain in its ability to decolorize two sulfonated azo dyes (Orange II, Direct Blue 15) under aerobic conditions. By contrast, growth of the so3585 deletion mutant was sensitive to different exogenous transition heavy metals [Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)], while the most severe growth deficiencies were observed in the presence of Cd(II) and Cu(II). In addition, the rate of extracellular chromate disappearance by the deletion strain was initially impaired, although both the so3585 mutant and MR-1 wild type reduced Cr(VI) within the same time period.
Modeling and implementation of oxide memristors for neuromorphic applications

We report the fabrication, modeling and implementation of nanoscale tungsten-oxide (WO x ) memristive (memristor) devices for neuromorphic applications. The device behaviors can be predicted accurately by considering both ion drift and diffusion. Short-term memory and memory enhancement phenomena, and the effects of spike rate, timing and associativity have been demonstrated. SPICE modeling has been achieved that allows circuit-level implementations.
Liquid chromatographic separation of several classes of acidic and basic aromatic compounds on silica-bonded 8-quinolinol stationary phases

Abstract Silica-bound 8-quinolinol (QSG) phases were used for the liquid chromatographic separation of various substituted aromatic compounds including acids, a
Seizure control with thermal energy? Modeling of heat diffusivity in brain tissue and computer-based design of a prototype mini-cooler.

Automated seizure blockage is a top priority in epileptology. Lowering nervous tissue temperature below a certain level suppresses abnormal neuronal activity, an approach with certain advantages over electrical stimulation, the preferred investigational therapy for pharmacoresistant seizures. A computer model was developed to identify an efficient probe design and parameters that would allow cooling of brain tissue by no less than 21 C in 30 s, maximum. The Pennes equation and the computer code ABAQUS were used to investigate the spatiotemporal behavior of heat diffusivity in brain tissue. Arrays of distributed probes deliver sufficient thermal energy to decrease, inhomogeneously, brain tissue temperature from 37 to 20 C in 30 s and from 37 to 15 C in 60 s. Tissue disruption/loss caused by insertion of this probe is considerably less than that caused by ablative surgery. This model may be applied for the design and development of cooling devices for seizure control.
Full 360 degrees phase shifting of injection-locked oscillators

A design is presented to produce analog phase shift of 0 degrees to 360 degrees in optically controlled oscillators which are subharmonically injection-locked. The proposed concept was analytically described and experimentally demonstrated by producing 360 degrees of phase shift in an 8-GHz oscillator that is indirect optically injection-locked to a 4-GHz subharmonic frequency. This design concept could eliminate the need for switched delay-line phase shifters in the T/R modules of optically controlled phased array antennas, thus making T/R modules more compact and efficient. >
A minimal immersion of the hyperbolic plane into the neutral pseudo-hyperbolic 4-space and its characterization

It is well known that there are no minimal surfaces of constant curvature lying fully in the hyperbolic 4-space H4(−1). In contrast, in this article we discover a minimal immersion of the hyperbolic plane \({H^2(-\frac{1}{3})}\) of curvature \({-\frac{1}{3}}\) into the neutral pseudo-hyperbolic 4-space \({H^4_2(-1)}\). Moreover, we prove that, up to rigid motions of \({H^4_2(-1)}\), this minimal immersion provides the only space-like parallel minimal surface lying fully in \({H^4_2(-1)}\).
Maps & GIS Data Libraries in the Era of Big Data and Cloud Computing

In upcoming years, two major changes in the computing landscape will reshape how map and GIS data libraries (MGDLs) will be required to perform their core functions in the future. These advancements—cloud computing and the “Big Data era”—offer opportunities and challenges for libraries, but most dramatically changes. Commercial cloud computing solutions are available as on-demand service; low-cost, internal private clouds are now a financial possibility. Simultaneously, Geographic Information Science (GISci) data and services have advanced at an ever-increasing pace into the “Big Data,” swelling the types and amounts of GIS data and services available. These two shifts have and will impact the entire GIS world and MGDLs, in response, and will now be required to collect, curate, and make available more data and services than ever. The MGDL community must be prepared to respond and react in order to remain effective. This article explores the evolving landscapes within which MGDLs must operate and examines ...
An enumeration of simplicial 4-polytopes with 8 vertices

Abstract An enumeration of all the different combinatorial types of 4-dimensional simplicial convex polytopes with 8 vertices is given. It corrects an earlier enumeration attempt by M. Bruckner, and leads to a simple example of a diagram which is not a Schlegel diagram.
“I Did Not Do It My Way” The Peer Context of Inauthentic Romantic Relationships

The links between culture, social networks, and adolescent romantic relationships are not well understood. This article integrates cultural sociology and network perspectives to explain how cultura...
Scale dependence of reproductive failure in fragmented Echinacea populations.

I investigated reproduction in a three-year study of Echinacea angustifolia, purple coneflower, growing in a fragmented prairie landscape. I quantified the local abundance of flowering conspecifics at individual-based spatial scales and at a population based spatial scale. Regression analyses revealed that pollen limitation increased while seed set and fecundity decreased with isolation of individual plants. Isolation, defined as the distance to the &th nearest flowering conspecific, was a good predictor of pollen limitation, for all nearest neighbors considered (k = 1-33), but the strength of the relationship, as quantified by R2, peaked at intermediate scales (A: = 2?18). The relationship of isolation to seed set and fecundity was similarly strongest at intermediate scales (k ? 3-4). The scale dependence of individual density effects on reproduction (density of flowering plants within x meters) resembled that of isolation. Analyses at a population-based scale showed that pollen limitation declined significantly with population size. Seed set and fecundity also declined with population size, but significantly so only in 1998. Whether quantifying local abundance with population- or individual-based measures, reproductive failure due to pollen limitation is a consistent consequence of Echinacea scarcity. However, individual-based measures of local abundance predicted pollen limitation from a wider sample of plants with a simpler model than did population size. Specifically, the largest site, a nature preserve, is composed of plants with intermediate individual isolation and, as predicted, intermediate pollen limitation, but its large population size poorly predicted population mean pollen limitation.
Nanowires-based high-density capacitors and thinfilm power sources in ultrathin 3D glass modules

This paper explores silicon nanowire technology for ultrathin high-density capacitors, supercapacitors and batteries. Development of such thin power components on glass or silicon will allow integration with other passive components as well as actives such as decoupling capacitors close to locic Ics to form 3D integrated passive and active devices (3D IPACs) that could then be surface-assembled onto glass packages leading to ultrathin self-powered modules or subsystems. Thinfilm integration of power components and passives on ultrathin glass 3D IPD substrates also leads to highly-efficient power distribution for miniaturized and high-performance electronic systems. The first part of the paper presents an analytical model to highlight the benefits of nanowire electrode-based high-density capacitors in capacitance density and operating frequency. The second part of the paper describes nanowire synthesis and a novel fabrication process for nanowire-electrode capacitors, and their characterization. Results indicate that nanowires enable a major breakthrough in thinfilm capacitors with ultrahigh volumetric capacitance densities of about 100 μF /mm 3 , 10X higher than all current capacitor technologies including trench, MLCC and tantalum capacitors.
Comparison of patient telephone survey with traditional surveillance and monthly physician questionnaires in monitoring surgical wound infections.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of patient telephone surveys in further improving the detection of surgical wound infections (SWIs) postdischarge in the setting of ongoing traditional surveillance system and monthly physician surveys. DESIGN Prospective surveillance study of randomly selected patients undergoing surgery in inpatient or outpatient settings. SETTING Tertiary care suburban hospital. RESULTS Five hundred one patients were randomly selected for telephone contact, of whom 189 (38%) were successfully contacted after three attempts. Eighteen (9.5%) patients reported one or more signs or symptoms of possible SWI. However, none of these patients required antibiotic therapy, was hospitalized with an SWI, or reported by his or her physician (based on the monthly questionnaire) to have had an SWI. Total time spent contacting patients was 47 hours and 48 minutes, or 15 minutes per each successful telephone contact. CONCLUSIONS Patient telephone surveys as conducted in this study were inefficient and failed to substantially improve the rate of detection of SWIs over traditional surveillance system and monthly physician questionnaires.
Development of an Exhaust Manifold Design Optimization for Cylinder Scavenging and Turbocharger Performance

This paper presents an investigation into the NOX reduction role played by the exhaust manifold of large-bore two stroke cycle engines by exploring the impact of the exhaust manifold design on turbocharger and engine operation. Exhaust manifold performance is defined as the ability of the exhaust manifold to: 1) optimize cylinder scavenging efficiency; and 2) minimize the pressure differential between the compressor discharge and the turbine inlet by exploiting the blow-down pressure pulses and minimizing the static pressure gradient along the exhaust manifold. Pressure pulses in the exhaust manifold have been identified as a plausible mechanism that hinders efficient cylinder scavenging and turbocharger operating range. While modifying the ports and manifold may not be cost effective, a complete understanding of and the ability to address the impact of these pressure waves on turbocharger performance and scavenging efficiency will lead to more reliable engine upgrade projects as the industry approaches the 0.5 g/bhp-hr engine. The research team chose “available energy,” or the amount of mechanical and thermal energy available to the turbocharger turbine for operation as the parameter for defining optimal exhaust manifold design parameters. This allowed the research team to: 1) investigate energy losses in the candidate Clark TLA-6 exhaust removal system on a component basis, and 2) translate the mitigation of these losses into expanded turbocharger operating range. The end point of the project was a set of exhaust manifold design guidelines aimed at maximizing turbocharger performance by way of the defined metrics, scavenging efficiency and waste-gate margin.Copyright © 2010 by ASME