cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Dependent Are Consumers on Others When Making Their Shopping Decisions

Consumers now have a variety of shopping information sources online and offline in making purchase decisions. How has the Web changed the perceptions of consumers regarding the relative importance of different shopping information sources? Applying the attribution principle and the least effort principle, the authors hypothesize the relative importance of self-evaluation and three types of recommendations from others word-of-mouth or WOM, expert opinion, and electronic WOM or eWOM. The data collected from 549 consumers show that the perceived importance of WOM remains equal to or even higher than that of self-evaluation for credence goods product quality unknown even after purchase and use and the so-called digital goods without Web access. However, the importance of self-evaluation increases when consumers have both Web access and non-Web sources of shopping information. The Web appears to make self-evaluation by consumers more important than inputs from others.
A new optimization algorithm on pulse-width compression using polarization controls

An algorithm on pulsewidth compression is proposed. The new algorithm is efficient and is guaranteed to be globally convergent. All intermediate iteration points are feasible Jones vectors. The properties are important for real time control.
Estimates of vertical eddy diffusion through the thermocline from phytoplankton nitrate uptake rates in the mixed layer of the eastern tropical Pacific1

Vertical eddy diffusion coefficients ranging from 0.05-1.1 cm2*s-l were calculated from phytoplankton nitrate uptake rates in the mixed layer and nitrate gradients at the top of the thermocline of the eastern tropical North Pacific. An empirical relationship was determined between these diffusion coefficients and density gradients in the thermocline. This relationship was usecl to calculate nitrate fluxes through the thermocline at several stations where nitrate uptake was not measured, and the fluxes indicated that an average of 29% of the primary productivity was supported by the uptake of nitrate-nitrogen,
Dexamethasone suppression test status and severity of depression

Many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) develop state-dependent hypotbalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation (Carroll et al. 1981). A complex interaction of factors contributes to this abnormality. Severity of illness (Kumar et al. 1986; Meador-Woodruff et al. 1987; Miller and Nelson 1987), age (Oxenkrug et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1984; Lewis et al. 1984), and degree of recent weight loss (Keitner et al. 1985; Krishnan et al. 1985b) are seemingly three of the most important determinants. Severity of depression has been shown to correlate moderately with and to contribute significantly to the total variance of postdexamethasone cortisol levels in patients with MDD, at both the pituitary and adrenal levels of the HPA axis. Many reports, however, have found this correlation by studying subjects who were operationally defined as either Dexamethasone Supp~ss~on Test (DST) nonsupp~ssors or suppressors. DST nonsuppressors have high postdexamethasone cortisol levels by definition and
Case–control study of subjective and objective differences in sleep patterns in older adults with insomnia symptoms

Older adults have high prevalence rates of insomnia symptoms, yet it is unclear if these insomnia symptoms are associated with objective impairments in sleep. We hypothesized that insomnia complaints in older adults would be associated with objective differences in sleep compared to those without insomnia complaints. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a cross-sectional study in which older adults with insomnia complaints (cases, n=100) were compared to older adults without insomnia complaints (controls, n=100) using dual-night in-lab nocturnal polysomnography, study questionnaires and seven days of at-home actigraphy and sleep diaries. Cases were noted to have reduced objective total sleep time compared to controls (25.8 minutes +/− 8.56, p=0.003). This was largely due to increased wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), and not increased sleep latency. When participants with sleep-related breathing disorder or periodic limb movement disorder were excluded, the polysomnography total sleep time difference became even larger. Cases also had reduced slow-wave sleep (5.10 +/− 1.38 vs 10.57 +/− 2.29 minutes, effect size −0.29, p=0.04). When comparing self-reported sleep latency and sleep efficiency to objective polysomnographic findings, cases demonstrated low, but statistically significant correlations, while no such correlations were observed in controls. Cases tended to under-estimate their sleep efficiency by 1.6% (+/− 18.4%), while controls over-estimated their sleep efficiency by 12.4% (+/− 14.5%). In conclusion, we noted that older adults with insomnia complaints have significant differences in several objective sleep findings relative to controls, suggesting that insomnia complaints in older adults are associated with objective impairments in sleep.
Variable rate speech coding for multiple access wireless networks

Variable-rate speech coding is a key component of certain multiple access schemes for wireless networks. Such coding methods exploit the silent intervals in a conversation and the statistical variability of active speech, to enhance network capacity for a given speech quality. Voice activity detection schemes distinguish active speech from background noise. Variable-rate coding algorithms are based on source or network control of rate. A source-controlled variable-rate speech coding algorithm, named variable rate phonetic segmentation (VRPS), is described. In VRPS the rate and coding strategy are based on phonetic classification of speech segments. >
Focus Issue: Women’s Health

This week’s issues of Science and Science’ s STKE concern health-related issues that are specifically pertinent to women. Topics at STKE include cell signaling pathways through which human papillomaviruses promote the development of cervical cancer and the role of membrane-associated signaling pathways in the anti-inflammatory effects of estrogen and the beneficial actions of estrogen on cardiovascular function.
Dendrimer-Based Nanoparticle Therapies: Can Uniform Multifunctional Therapeutics Be Made with Current Chemical Approaches?

The development of multifunctional, dendrimer-based therapeutics has been a major focus of the Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences (MNIMBS) over the past 15 years. Based on the success of this platform technology in the laboratory, clinical translational activities were expected to be easily accomplished. Unfortunately, efforts to bring this technology to the clinic have been impeded by several challenges that have centered on the reproducible production of a multifunctional dendrimer, which has proved far more difficult than anticipated. The primary challenges involved the variability and heterogeneity of the starting dendrimer, the development of analytical methods capable of defining the composition and assessing the reproducibility of the intermediate and final products, and the evolution of synthetic strategies that produce reproducible batches of multifunctionalized dendrimers. These issues became magnified during scale-up synthesis of the therapeutics. Importantly, the challenges observed with dendrimers are not exclusive to this material, but are common to most multifunctional nanoparticle-based therapeutics that are being developed. Therefore, this chapter will describe several strategies that have been utilized to address the aforementioned challenges in dendrimer therapeutics with the hope that adapting these strategies to other therapeutic systems will help facilitate and enable clinical application.
The hidden meta-requirements of security and privacy

When collecting requirements for software, designers may learn of needs for specific forms of protection to be present. These needs may be translated into requirements for encryption or authentication, but what about the non-obvious aspects of security - including privacy, auditability and assurance - that are usually overlooked in the requirements capture process? When we overlook these issues, we get software that doesn't deserve our trust. In this paper, I discuss some of the aspects of security that are regularly overlooked by designers and suggest some standard questions that should be addressed in every design.
Lateral Distribution of Cholesterol in Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine Lipid Bilayers: Cholesterol-Phospholipid Interactions at High Cholesterol Limit

Lateral organization of cholesterol in dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipid bilayers at high cholesterol concentration (>45 mol%) was investigated using steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescent resonance energy transfer techniques. The recently devised Low Temperature Trap method was used to prepare compositionally uniform cholesterol/DOPC liposomes to avoid the problem of lipid demixing. The fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatrience chain-labeled phosphatidylcholine (DPH-PC) in these liposomes exhibited local maxima at cholesterol mol fractions of 0.50 and 0.57, and a sharp drop at 0.67. For the liposomes labeled with both dehydroergosterol and DPH-PC, the fluorescent resonance energy transfer efficiency from dehydroergosterol to DPH-PC displayed a steep jump at cholesterol mol fraction of 0.5, and dips at 0.57 and 0.68. These results indicate the presence of highly ordered cholesterol regular distribution domains at those observed critical compositions. The observed critical mol fraction at 0.67 agreed favorably with the solubility limit of cholesterol in DOPC bilayers as independently measured by light scattering and optical microscopy. The regular distribution at 0.57 was previously predicted from a Monte Carlo simulation based on the Umbrella model. The results strongly support the hypothesis that the primary requirement for cholesterol-phospholipid mixing is that the polar phospholipid headgroups need to cover the nonpolar body of cholesterol to avoid the exposure of cholesterol to water.
An improved finite difference method for plate vibration

An improved finite difference method is presented. This is exemplified by computing the natural frequency of vibrating plates. A new formulation of the problem showing computational advantages is derived. A procedure for efficient implementation of the improved method is given. Numerical examples are calculated showing results comparable to other methods but employing far fewer unknowns.
Impact of row spacing, nitrogen rate, and time on carbon partitioning of switchgrass

Cultivation of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as an energy crop could lower atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels by replacing fossil fuel and sequestering carbon (C). Information on the details of C partitioning within the switchgrass–soil system is important in order to quantify how much C is sequestered in switchgrass shoots, roots, and soil. No studies of C partitioning in a switchgrass–soil system under field conditions have been conducted. This study was aimed at determining the impact of agricultural management practices, such as row spacing and nitrogen (N) application rate, on C partitioning within the switchgrass–soil system; changes in C partitioning with time after switchgrass establishment were also considered. The results indicate that C storage in switchgrass shoots was higher with wide than narrow rows, and increased with N application rates. These responses were due to higher yields with wide than narrow rows and higher yields as N application rate increased. Carbon storage in shoots was 14.4% higher with 80-cm than 20-cm row spacing. Annual application of increased C storage in shoots by 207% and 27% when compared with annual applications of 0 and , respectively. Carbon storage increased by 62% over time from 1995 to 1996 in newly established switchgrass on sandy loam soil in the coastal plain of Alabama. Rate of C increase in roots (72%) was higher than in shoots (49%) between 1995 and 1996. Carbon storage was in order of soil C > root C > shoot C in both 1995 and 1996. The root/shoot ratio of C storage was 2.2. It appears that C partitioning to roots plays an important role in C sequestration by switchgrass.
Factors That Contribute to Levels of Independent Activity Functioning Among a Group of Navajo Elders

The purpose of this study was to examine factors that contribute to levels of independent activity functioning among a group of elder Navajos. Data were collected from a sample of Navajo elders from Tuba City, Arizona, and a health assessment survey was administered. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effects of social support and demographic factors on levels of independent activity functioning, such as bathing, toileting, dressing, eating, walking, and getting in and out of bed. The results indicated that assistive devices, marital status, the frequency of visits to Tuba City, and visits to the elders significantly affected independent activity functioning. Although other factors of social support were not significant, it appeared that visiting Tuba City and visits to the elders in their homes were important factors in maintaining higher levels of independent activity functioning among elder Navajos. Implications for practice, policy, and future research are discussed.
Strategies for stroke rehabilitation

Summary Rehabilitation after hemiplegic stroke has typically relied on the training of patients in compensatory strategies. The translation of neuroscientific research into care has led to new approaches and renewed promise for better outcomes. Improved motor control can progress with task-specific training incorporating increased use of proximal and distal movements during intensive practice of real-world activities. Functional gains are incorrectly said to plateau by 3–6 months. Many patients retain latent sensorimotor function that can be realised any time after stroke with a pulse of goal-directed therapy. The amount of practice probably best determines gains for a given level of residual movement ability. Clinicians should encourage patients to build greater strength, speed, endurance, and precision of multijoint movements on tasks that increase independence and enrich daily activity. Imaging tools may help clinicians determine the capacity of residual networks to respond to a therapeutic approach and help establish optimal doseresponse curves for training. Promising adjunct approaches include practice with robotic devices or in a virtual environment, electrical stimulation to increase cortical excitability during training, and drugs to optimise molecular mechanisms for learning. Biological strategies for neural repair may augment rehabilitation in the next decade.
Fully Dry 2D and 3D Self-Assembly with Interlocking Pin Fasteners

This paper presents a novel method for fully dry, 2D and 3D self-assembly of silicon parts by implementing interlocking structures. The assembly parts have interlocking pins similar to a nail, whereas the corresponding substrate has binding sites with interlock holes that guide the interlocking pins to the fastened positions. These interlocking features are fabricated by a series of silicon deep RIE, sidewall passivation film coating and isotropic silicon RIE. Test results show 100% assembly on the substrate with 18% packing density, and 81% on the substrate with 40% packing density. These assembly rates are achieved with much less use of excessive parts compared to fluid-based self-assembly processes.
Chromatographic data analysis. Part 3.3.4: handling hyphenated data in chromatography

This tutorial describes how to analyze three dimensional (3D) pixel-level comprehensive two dimensional (2D) gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) data. The reader will learn how to baseline-correct and normalize the 3D pixel-level GC × GC-TOFMS chromatograms, how to make an n-way partial least squares (NPLS) model of thirteen 2D pixel-level total ion current (GC × GC-TIC) training set chromatograms, and how to use that NPLS model to predict the biodiesel blend percent composition of 9 independent test set chromatograms.
Spuriously Normal Amylase Levels in a Patient With Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to Hypertriglyceridemia

Acute pancreatitis is a disease that has varied clinical manifestations often requiring clinicians to rely on laboratory tests, such as serum amylase and lipase, as diagnostic aids.1,2 Patients with acute pancreatitis, however, can have normal amylase levels as a result of hypertriglyceridemia. 3 The aims of this report are to describe a case of acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia, to discuss the diagnostic dilemma caused by lactescent plasma, and to review the therapeutic options for this type of pancreatitis.
Live cell imaging of neuronal growth cone motility and guidance in vitro

The neuronal growth cone, a highly motile structure at the tip of neuronal processes, is an excellent model system for studying directional cell movements. While biochemical and genetic approaches unveiled molecular interactions between ligand, receptor, signaling, and cytoskeleton-associated proteins controlling axonal growth and guidance, in vitro live cell imaging has emerged as a crucial approach for dissecting cellular mechanisms of growth cone motility and guidance. Important insights into these mechanisms have been gained from studies using the large growth cones elaborated by Aplysia californica neurons, an outstanding model system for live cell imaging for a number of reasons. Identified neurons can be isolated and imaged at room temperature. Aplysia growth cones are five to ten times larger than growth cones from other species, making them suitable for quantitative high-resolution imaging of cytoskeletal protein dynamics and biophysical approaches. Lastly, protein, RNA, fluorescent probes, and small molecules can be microinjected into the neuronal cell body for localization and functional studies. This chapter describes culturing of Aplysia bag cell neurons, live cell imaging of neuronal growth cones using differential interference contrast and fluorescent speckle microscopy as well as the restrained bead interaction assay to induce adhesion-mediated growth cone guidance in vitro.
Environmentally Adaptive Fault Tolerant Computing (EAFTC)

The application of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) processing components in operational space missions with optimal performance and efficiency requires a system-level approach. Of primary concern is the need to handle the inherent susceptibility of COTS components to single event upsets (SEUs). Honeywell in conjunction with Physical Sciences Incorporated, and WW Technology Group has developed a new paradigm for fault tolerant COTS based onboard computing. The paradigm is called "environmentally adaptive fault tolerant computing" (EAFTC.) EAFTC combines a set of innovative technologies to enable efficient use of high performance COTS processors, in the harsh space environment, while maintaining the required system availability
Identification of Caenorhabditis elegans Genes Required for Neuronal Differentiation and Migration

To understand the mechanisms that guide migrating cells, we have been studying the embryonic migrations of the C. elegans canal-associated neurons (CANs). Here, we describe two screens used to identify genes involved in CAN migration. First, we screened for mutants that died as clear larvae (Clr) or had withered tails (Wit), phenotypes displayed by animals lacking normal CAN function. Second, we screened directly for mutants with missing or misplaced CANs. We isolated and characterized 30 mutants that defined 14 genes necessary for CAN migration. We found that one of the genes, ceh-10, specifies CAN fate. ceh-10 had been defined molecularly as encoding a homeodomain protein expressed in the CANs. Mutations that reduce ceh-10 function result in Wit animals with CANs that are partially defective in their migrations. Mutations that eliminate ceh-10 function result in Clr animals with CANs that fail to migrate or express CEH-23, a CAN differentiation marker. Null mutants also fail to express CEH-10, suggesting that CEH-10 regulates its own expression. Finally, we found that ceh-10 is necessary for the differentiation of AIY and RMED, two additional cells that express CEH-10.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after a lower extremity dog bite: a case report

The occurrence of endogenous endophthalmitis is well known in the settings of bacteremia or candidemia, although its association with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment remains unclear. We present a case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a 39 year old man who presented with acute vision loss six weeks after a lower extremity dog bite. Further workup revealed oxacillin resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with multiple septic emboli to various organs including bilateral loculated pleural effusion, left renal abscess, left obturator abscess, and right eye endogenous endophthalmitis. Our case illustrates an interesting presentation of oxacillin resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after a dog bite, where endogenous endophthalmitis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were part of the manifestations. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to preserve the visual acuity.
Freedom in Tapestrea! Voice-Aware Track Manipulations.

Sinusoidal tracks in TAPESTREA have too long been oppressed, unable to choose which other tracks they hang out with, and only able to be modified in fixed groups. They had no say in their own lives, no individuality. That ends today. We advocate FREEDOM in TAPESTREA by way of VTAPS, where every track can be interacted with as a distinct, FREE entity. Only thus can it contribute fully to the larger sound scene. Please join our movement by downloading TAPESTREA at http://taps.cs.princeton.edu/. TAPESTREA is an environmental audio editing system that encourages the user to work with pitched sounds in terms of salient frequencies that modulate over time, otherwise called tracks. While TAPESTREA has provided the means for manipulating these tracks as groups (called “templates”), the aim of this project – VTAPS – is to allow the user to manipulate tracks individually or in arbitrary groups. This allows for advanced manipulations to be performed quickly and with more control than when templates were indivisible units. It inspires and enables features for manipulating the audio in ways that are useful for voice recordings and musical instruments.
Thematic Apperception Test and Related Methods

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was introduced to the psychological world in 1935 by Morgan and Murray. Its conception and birth, as with those of mythological heroes, were cloaked in mystery (Holt, 1949). Conditions surrounding its infancy are clearer, because it was reared at the Harvard Psychological Clinic, in the little yellow house on Plympton Street, with press congenial environment and press nurturance. Doting parents and dedicated disciples clearly saw the newborn infant’s power to cast light on the darkest recesses of personality dynamics.
Reactive adsorption of mustard gas surrogate on zirconium (hydr)oxide/graphite oxide composites: the role of surface and chemical features

Zirconium (hydr)oxide and its composites with various amounts of graphite oxide (GO) were successfully synthesized using a controlled rate precipitation method. This economically feasible and a quick aqueous synthetic route, which is also suitable for large-scale production, leads to the amorphous materials of a complex texture, relatively large surface area, and high hydroxyl group density. Extensive surface characterization with various chemical and physical methods revealed significant differences in the surface features. The addition of the GO phase increased the surface chemical and structural heterogeneity. The composites were evaluated as reactive adsorbents of mustard gas surrogate, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). They showed higher adsorption capacities than those measured on zirconium (hydr)oxide. The results indicated the paramount role of the porosity and surface chemistry in the reactive adsorption process. The GO addition enhances both these features by promoting a high dispersion of the inorganic phase around the carbonaceous phase. 5% GO in the composites was found to be an optimum amount, since it increases the surface area and the number of terminal hydroxyl groups. While the former increased from 208 m2 g−1 for pure zirconium (hydr)oxide to 269 m2 g−1 for the best composite, for the latter a 141% increase was noticed. Moreover, the maximum weight uptakes for zirconium (hydr)oxide and the composite with 5% carbonaceous phase were 106 and 205 mg g−1, respectively. Two general CEES adsorption pathways were proposed. The first one is the retention of organic molecules by physical forces, and the second – the catalytic and selective transformation of CEES to ethyl vinyl sulfide by dehydrohalogenation, and the transformation to 1,2-bis(ethylthio)ethane by polymerization.
The Rate of NOXReaction in Transported Urban Air

Abstract Airborne studies of nitrogen oxides reactions in transported urban plumes have been conducted in the vicinity of two isolated cities. Measurements of NO X, O 3 , CO, fluorocarbon-11, NMHC, C 1 -C 5 hydrocarbons, PAN, HNO 3 , condensation nuclei, NO 3 − , SO 4 − , and meteorological variables were made in a Lagrangian manner using a twin-engine research aircraft. Results for Phoenix, Arizona, located in the southwestern U.S. desert, indicate an NO X transformation/removal rate of less than 0.05 hr −1 , while data for the northeastern coastal city of Boston, Massachusetts show rates in the range 0.14-0.24 hr −1 . The low rate in Phoenix is at least partly attributable to thermal decomposition of PAN and its analogs at the high ambient temperatures of the desert area. For Boston, the experimental results yield an average NO X lifetime of 5.8 hours under moderate photochemical smog conditions during the day.
The Chikungunya virus: An emerging US pathogen.

BACKGROUND: The Chikungunya (CHIK) virus was recently reported by the CDC to have spread to the United States. We report an early documented case of CHIK from the state of Pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from Haiti in June of 2014.
A Pilot Study of Navigational Aids' Impact on the Usability of Hierarchical and Hypertext Databases

This pilot study investigated the relative effectiveness of various navigational aids for navigating through both hierarchical and hypertext database structures. Previous research has suggested that subjects perform more efficiently when using a spatial map of hierarchical structure. Similar data are not available for hypertext structures. The results of the present pilot study suggest that more in-depth investigation is required to judge the relative merits of the various aids for differing database structures.
Thermo-Optical Properties of Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Complexes Embedded in Ice: Characterization of Heat Generation and Actuation of Larger-Scale Effects

We have investigated the thermo-optical properties of gold NPs embedded in an ice matrix [1]. Resonant laser light of relatively weak intensity is able to melt ice with embedded Au NPs, whereas even a very intense laser beam does not melt ice alone. This comes from strong absorption in Au NPs in the regime of plasmon resonance. By recording time-resolved Raman signals, we observe the melting process and determine the threshold melting power , where is the background temperature. We also observe relatively large scattering in the threshold laser intensity that leads to melting of the ice because of the mesoscopic nature of the sample. We can understand this observation using the TEM images of NPs, showing that geometry of NP complexes varies greatly. In our recent theoretical paper we showed that the local temperature inside and around a NP complex depends strongly on its geometry, and this leads to large scattering for the measured as a function of the reduced temperature, for different complexes [2]. We recently discovered that NPs immobilized on glass surfaces can be characterized by single particle spectroscopy. Single and small NP clusters can be discriminated using the integrated intensity of the plasmon emission band. A cluster of four gold NPs has ∼ 4 times the intensity of a single gold NP. When the NPs are aggregated into a cluster then broadening of the intensity profile plot is not observed Gold NPs that are not clustered together but are found within the excitation volume will lead to a broadening of a cross sectional slice. We will use these principles to determine the amount of heat generation from single and clustered gold NPs.
Development and fecundity of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae)

Duration of the life cycle at 16, 23, 30, and 35 degrees C and fecundity at 23 degrees C and 75% RH were determined for the American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes. Lengths of the life cycles at 23 and 30 degrees C were 35.6 +/- 4.4 and 17.5 +/- 1.2 d, respectively. Few eggs completed development to the adult stage at 16 and 35 degrees C. At 23 degrees C and 75% RH, the preoviposition period was 3.7 +/- 1.1 d following emergence of the female from the tritonymph. The average reproductive period was 34.0 +/- 10.7 d with a mean total of 65.5 +/- 17.4 eggs produced per female. Female longevity after cessation of egg production was 63.3 +/- 64.6 d.
Factors for Determining Population Trends in Southern Pine Beetle Spots

A means for predicting population trends of the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman was effective on spots at Morrow Mountain State Park, NC, and the Calhoun Experimental Forest, SC, and in 2 ranger districts in the Sumter National Forest, SC. The primary predictive factor was the attack:emergence ratio. Five secondary factors were also used to improve the accuracy of predictions on static spots. All but 1 of the 12 spot-trend predictions made during the fall of 1973 were accurate 12 mo later; all but one of the predictions made during 1974 were accurate 8 mo later. Beetle spots predicted to decrease in the fall continued to do so for 6–9 mo, while increases were fully realized 3–6 mo later.
Benign Recurrent Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsies

A retrospective chart review of a cohort of 253 pediatric patients with sixth nerve palsies uncovered 30 cases of benign sixth nerve palsy, of which 9 were recurrent, in a study at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
Cross-Country Skiing

Cross-country (XC) skiing has evolved from a centuries-old means of transportation for populations living north of the Arctic circle to a sport and fitness activity enjoyed by millions of people worldwide [1]. Development of new ski techniques, better training and teaching methods, groomed trails, and technological advancements in equipment have made this activity more accessible and popular in recent years. The number of XC skiing participants in the USA fluctuates annually in part due to snow conditions. According to the Snow Sports Participation Survey published by Snow Sports Industry America 4.1 million participants skied at least 1 day in the 2014/2015 ski season. Seventy-five percent of those skiers are skiing on groomed trails [2].
Bruno Latour no jardim da ilustração arqueológica

Resumo Este ensaio explora uma tecnica especifica de ilustracao utilizada por arqueologos mesoamericanistas: o desenho linear e, particularmente, o metodo de combinar croquis de detalhes de grandes artefatos juntos em uma unica pagina. O ensaio comeca com o texto de Bruno Latour, intitulado “Drawing things together”, no qual ele argumenta que boa parte da pratica cientifica envolve “a transformacao de ratos e substâncias quimicas em papel”. Atraves de representacoes, os objetos de estudo cientifico podem ser reorganizados e combinados de formas que seriam impossiveis para os reais objetos representados. Apesar de essas tecnicas simplificarem radicalmente os objetos estudados, essa mesma simplicidade faz delas instrumentos poderosos para interpretar o mundo. Desenhos lineares, artefatos e a criacao de paineis de detalhes fragmentados de desenhos de artefatos sao exemplos classicos das tecnicas que Latour explora. A segunda sessao do ensaio investiga como mesoamericanistas comecaram a criar ilustracao de paineis de fragmentos de desenhos lineares, e como eles conectam essas tradicoes centenarias de ilustracoes de historia natural. Finalmente, a terceira sessao volta-se para metodos de desenhos de conjuntos e questiona o que aprendemos e o que perdemos ao utilizarmos desenhos lineares para estudar o passado da Mesoamerica.
Recent Developments in Designing Compact Biological Photoprobes

Identification and characterization of small molecule–protein interactions are common needs for both basic science and drug discovery programs. Photoaffinity probe molecules (photoprobes) have been used for more than 40 years to label the targets of small molecules, but identification of those targets has remained challenging. Recently, renewed interest in the use of photoprobes has been spurred by the advent of modern mass spectrometry methods that facilitate target identification. In addition, development of new chemoselective labeling reactions (i.e., “click chemistry” approaches) now enables facile purification of photocrosslinked complexes for analysis. Photoprobe technology is being applied for a variety of purposes, including identifying the direct binding partner(s) of a small molecule, obtaining information about the nature of the ligand binding site in the absence of a three-dimensional structure, determining whether ligand binding occurs through a primary or allosteric site, and investigating the specificity determinants of ligand binding. In this chapter, we discuss a selection of compact photoprobes that have been reported in the past 10 years. The chapter describes photoprobes containing each of the three common photoactivatable functional groups—aryl azide, benzophenone, and diazirine. We highlight the molecular design strategies that have yielded functional photoprobes, including compact construction, choice of photoactivatable functional groups, use of tags for chemoselective labeling, and linker design. We conclude by discussing remaining challenges that stand in the way of widespread adoption of photoprobe reagents.
Ultrasound guided ureteroscopy in children: Safety and success

Summary Introduction Ureteroscopy has been shown to be a highly efficacious and safe modality for the treatment of pediatric urolithiasis. However, conventional ureteroscopy relies on fluoroscopy for intraoperative guidance, exposing both patient and operating room personnel to ionizing radiation. Pediatric urolithiasis patients are at a particularly increased risk from this radiation exposure. The use of ultrasound in place of fluoroscopy for intraoperative guidance has emerged as one modification that can reduce radiation exposure during ureteroscopy. Although ultrasound-guided ureteroscopy has been shown to be a safe, and effective approach to stone management in adults, there have been no studies to date utilizing this approach in children. Objective The aim was to describe our initial experience with ultrasound-guided ureteroscopy in children as a safe and feasible modality to manage pediatric urolithiasis. Study design A retrospective review of consecutive patients that underwent ultrasound-guided ureteroscopy by one pediatric urologist (A.K.S.) from 2014 to 2016 for symptomatic urolithiasis was performed. Patient data were extracted from our center's IRB-approved prospectively maintained database of all children with urolithiasis. Materials and methods Real-time ultrasonic guidance was provided by a pediatric uroradiology attending, with fluoroscopy available on standby. With the probe positioned on the patient's flank, ultrasound was used to visualize advancement of guidewire, dual-lumen catheter, and ureteroscope through the ureteral orifice and up to the renal pelvis (Figure). Stones were identified and removed via basket retrieval. At the conclusion of each case, ultrasonography was then used to confirm stent placement of indwelling double pigtail ureteral catheters. Results Eleven patients were identified that underwent 12 ultrasound-guided ureteroscopic procedures in an outpatient setting. Stones were accessed in various locations and were removed by basket retrieval. Laser calycostomy into calyceal diverticulum and balloon dilations of ureterovesical junction and calyceal infundibulum were also performed. There were Clavien grade I and II complications in four patients; all of which were related to pain control. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the successful use of ultrasound-guided ureteroscopy in children. The main limitation of this feasibility study is its small sample size. A larger series is needed to corroborate these findings and make them generalizable to a wider population. Conclusion This feasibility study accomplished its aim of demonstrating for the first time that ultrasound-guided ureteroscopy can be safely used in children to manage urolithiasis. Download : Download high-res image (198KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Intraoperative ultrasound showing guidewire (solid arrow) and ureteroscope (dotted arrow).
An Examination of Privacy Concerns and Trust Entities in Determining Willingness to Disclose Personal Information on a Social Networking Site

Why does wide incongruence exist between people’s personal privacy concerns and their willingness to reveal personal information on social networking sites? We conducted an online survey to examine how people’s Internet privacy concern and their trust regarding Facebook, friends, and all Facebook users impacted their willingness to share personal information with each of the three entities. Results show that people have different trust beliefs about the entities and these beliefs differentially impact their willingness to share with each entity. It was found that while privacy concern does impact people’s willingness to share information with Facebook and all Facebook users, it does not appear to significantly impact people’s willingness to share with their own Facebook friends. In addition, while trust in Facebook and trust in one’s Facebook friends positively influences willingness to share with each of the two entities, respectively, trust in all users does not necessarily influence people’s willingness to share in general. Thus, the study demonstrates that the privacy-trust issue on social networking sites as it relates to information sharing is potentially more complex than in the general e-commerce context.
High-Performance Correlation and Mapping Engine for rapid generating brain connectivity networks from big fMRI data

Abstract Brain connectivity networks help physicians better understand the neurological effects of certain diseases and make improved treatment options for patients. Seed-based Correlation Analysis (SCA) of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data has been used to create the individual brain connectivity networks. However, an outstanding issue is the long processing time to generate full brain connectivity maps. With close to a million individual voxels in a typical fMRI dataset, the number of calculations involved in a voxel-by-voxel SCA becomes very high. With the emergence of the dynamic time-varying functional connectivity analysis, the population-based studies, and the studies relying on real-time neurological feedbacks, the need for rapid processing methods becomes even more critical. This work aims to develop a new method which produces high-resolution brain connectivity maps rapidly. The new method accelerates the correlation processing by using an architecture that includes clustered FPGAs and an efficient memory pipeline, which is termed High-Performance Correlation and Mapping Engine (HPCME). The method has been tested with datasets from the Human Connectome Project. The preliminary results show that HPCME with four FPGAs can improve the SCA processing speed by a factor of 27 or more over that of a PC workstation with a multicore CPU.
Dynamics of Lending-Based Prosocial Crowdfunding: Using a Social Responsibility Lens

Crowdfunding platforms have revolutionized entrepreneurial finance, with 200 billion dollars expected to be dispersed annually to entrepreneurs and small business owners by 2020 (2014 economic value of crowdfunding. http://www.crowdsourcing.org/editorial/crowdfunding-outlook-for-2014-and-beyond-infographic/30520, 2014). Despite the importance of this growing phenomenon, our knowledge of the dynamics of successful lending-based prosocial crowdfunding and its implications for the business ethics literature remain limited. We use a social responsibility lens to examine whether crowdfunders on a lending-based prosocial platform (Kiva) lend their money based on altruistic or strategic motives. Our results indicate that the dynamics of prosocial lending-based crowdfunding are somewhat consistent with traditional forms of financing. Specifically, despite a prosocial setting in nature, crowdfunders tend to act strategically, positively responding to signals of quality and low risk. Notably, we also find that projects that are high on both financial and social appeal receive the highest average amount of funding. Furthermore, language on the lender’s profile indicating ability to pay is positively related to both funding success and funding amount. Our study contributes to filling the gap in the business ethics literature about the dynamics of lending-based prosocial crowdfunding, and the strategic and altruistic ethical motives that drive lenders in such endeavors.
Zwischenspiel: Hamlets Monolog

Sein oder nicht sein — das ist keine Frage, sondern eine Tautologie. Aber was interessieren mich leere Aussagen. Ich will wissen, ob ein synthetischer Satz wahr ist: ich will wissen, ob ich sein werde. Das heist, ob ich den Mut habe, meinen Vater zu rachen.
Grammatical Construction Theory and the Familiar Dichotomies

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the grammatical construction theory and the familiar dichotomies. Grammatical Construction Theory differs from a number of other frameworks, first in its insistence that syntactic patterns are often tightly associated with interpretation instructions, but secondly, in that it takes as a major part of its assignment the task of accounting for the workings of complex grammatical constructions as well as simple ones. The chapter only focuses on the structures that can be fully understood in terms of their constituent elements, but also in constructions that are complex to begin with. In Grammatical Construction Theory, constructions are taken as structured but not strictly decomposable, that is, they are taken as having properties in the manner of the properties of a gestalt in Gestalt Psychology. The properties of a construction may often be seen as motivated by, but they do not necessarily follow from any facts about their composition.
Sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine in beagle dogs infected and uninfected with heartworm

The sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine were evaluated in heartworm-infected (HW+) and uninfected (HW–) beagle dogs by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration of 30 µg/kg and 40 µg/kg doses, respectively. Posture, response to noise and the pedal reflex were monitored. A procedure for mock radiographic positioning was performed to evaluate its overall clinical use. Observation times were 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min. In addition, the times from injection until the dog could not stand on its feet (down time), from lateral to sternal recumbency (sternal recumbency time), and from sternal recumbency to rising again (rising time) were also noted.
FEAST'18 -- 2018 Workshop on Forming an Ecosystem around Software Transformation

It is time for us to welcome you to the Third Workshop on Forming an Ecosystem Around Software Transformation (FEAST 2018)! This year's workshop is held in conjunction with the 25th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) on October 19th, 2018 in Toronto, Canada. As always, the workshop is geared toward discussion and understanding of several critical topics surrounding late-stage software transformation for improving the security and efficiency of all software used in security-critical applications. The scope of discussion for this workshop will include topics that may be necessary to fully explore the power and impact of late-stage software customization efforts, on binary code and beyond. The call for papers attracted strong submissions from both academy and industry. In total, we accepted 5 full technical papers, and augmented them with a number of exciting invited talks, short talks, and planned discussions. Putting together FEAST'18 is a team effort, and we could not have done it without the authors (and their excellent submissions), the program committee (for their insightful reviews), and the Office of Naval Resea rch for the creation of this workshop in the first place. We are excited about this workshop, and we are sure that you will be as well! Please enjoy the programs, the discussions, and the resulting spread and creation of new ideas!
Multi-domain adversarial training of neural network acoustic models for distant speech recognition

Abstract Building deep neural network acoustic models directly based on far-field speech from multiple recording environments with different acoustic properties is an increasingly popular approach to address the problem of distant speech recognition. The currently common approach to building such multi-condition (multi-domain) models is to compile available data from all different environments into a single train set, discarding information regarding the specific environment to which each utterance belongs. We propose a novel strategy for training neural network acoustic models based on adversarial training which makes use of environment labels during training. By adjusting the parameters of the initial layers of the network adversarially with respect to a domain classifier trained to recognize the recording environments, we enforce better invariance to the diversity of recording conditions. We provide a motivating study on the mechanism by which a deep network learns environmental invariance, and discuss some relations with existing approaches for improving the robustness of DNN models. The proposed multi-domain adversarial training is evaluated on an end-to-end speech recognition task based on the AMI meeting corpus, achieving a relative character error rate reduction of +3.3% with respect to a conventional multi-condition trained baseline and +25.4% with respect to a clean-trained baseline.