cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The AP-3 Complex Required for Endosomal Synaptic Vesicle Biogenesis is Associated with a Casein Kinase Ια-Like Isoform

The formation of small vesicles is mediated by cytoplasmic coats the assembly of which is regulated by the activity of GTPases, kinases, and phosphatases. A heterotetrameric AP-3 adaptor complex has been implicated in the formation of synaptic vesicles from PC12 endosomes (Faundez et al., 1998 ). When the small GTPase ARF1 is prevented from hydrolyzing GTP, we can reconstitute AP-3 recruitment to synaptic vesicle membranes in an assembly reaction that requires temperatures above 15°C and the presence of ATP suggesting that an enzymatic step is involved in the coat assembly. We have now found an enzymatic reaction, the phosphorylation of the AP-3 adaptor complex, that is linked with synaptic vesicle coating. Phosphorylation occurs in the β3 subunit of the complex by a kinase similar to casein kinase 1α. The kinase copurifies with neuronal-specific AP-3. In vitro, purified casein kinase I selectively phosphorylates the β3A and β3B subunit at its hinge domain. Inhibiting the kinase hinders the recruitment of AP-3 to synaptic vesicles. The same inhibitors that prevent coat assembly in vitro also inhibit the formation of synaptic vesicles in PC12 cells. The data suggest, therefore, that the mechanism of AP-3-mediated vesiculation from neuroendocrine endosomes requires the phosphorylation of the adaptor complex at a step during or after AP-3 recruitment to membranes.
Choosing sides: On the variability of language lateralization in normal subjects

We report test-retest reliabilities and individual asymmetries for a lateralized lexical decision task. Although acceptable reliability was found for word recognition, most subjects did not show statistically significant asymmetries, despite a robust right visual field group advantage. Inter-subject variability was unrelated to sex, handedness, or familial sinistrality. We offer some suggestions as to why these differences are to be expected in the study of normal populations.
Collinear, background-free, third harmonic FROG techniques for characterizing ultrashort pulses at high NA

We demonstrate collinear, background-free, third harmonic spatial correlation, temporal correlation, and FROG techniques for characterizing the focus of high NA optics for the first time.
Contribution of neurogenic mechanisms to control of intrinsic heart rate

Altered autonomic tone as well as humoral factors can change the intrinsic rate of the cardiac pacemaker. To study the relationships of neurogenic and humoral factors on intrinsic heart rate (IHR) we used sinoaortic deafferentation (SAD) to increase sympathetic activity, lesion of nucleus ambiguus to reduce central parasympathetic activity, and one-kidney, one-clip (1K1C) renal hypertension to transiently increase the activity of the renin-angiotensin system and the combination of 1K1C hypertension with SAD. In conscious rats, IHR was determined using combined blockade with atropine and propranolol. Rats with 1K1C hypertension (7th day) showed increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and IHR. Rats with SAD (4th day) demonstrated increased MAP and HR, but in contrast, had decreased IHR. Lesion of nucleus ambiguus increased HR and decreased IHR. When 1K1C hypertension was combined with SAD an additional increase in MAP and HR occurred, whereas IHR was reduced compared with renal hypertension alone. These data suggest that IHR is influenced greatly by autonomic tone and that the tachycardia in renal hypertension is linked to increased IHR that is dependent on integrity of the baroreflex.
Parietal Representation of Object-Based Saccades

When monkeys make saccadic eye movements to simple visual targets, neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) display a retinotopic, or eye-centered, coding of the target location. However natural saccadic eye movements are often directed at objects or parts of objects in the visual scene. In this paper we investigate whether LIP represents saccadic eye movements differently when the target is specified as part of a visually displayed object. Monkeys were trained to perform an object-based saccade task that required them to make saccades to previously cued parts of an abstract object after the object reappeared in a new orientation. We recorded single neurons in area LIP of two macaque monkeys and analyzed their activity in the object-based saccade task, as well as two control tasks: a standard memory saccade task and a fixation task with passive object viewing. The majority of LIP neurons that were tuned in the memory saccade task were also tuned in the object-based saccade task. Using a hierarchical generalized linear model analysis, we compared the effects of three different spatial variables on the firing rate: the retinotopic location of the target, the object-fixed location of the target, and the orientation of the object in space. There was no evidence of an explicit object-fixed representation in the activity in LIP during either of the object-based tasks. In other words, no cells had receptive fields that rotated with the object. While some cells showed a modulation of activity due to the location of the target on the object, these variations were small compared to the retinotopic effects. For most cells, firing rates were best accounted for by either the retinotopic direction of the movement, the orientation of the object, or both spatial variables. The preferred direction of these retinotopic and object orientation effects were found to be invariant across tasks. On average, the object orientation effects were consistent with the retinotopic coding of potential target locations on the object. This interpretation is supported by the fact that the magnitude of these two effects were roughly equal in the early portions of the trial, but around the time of the motor response, the retinotopic effects dominated. We conclude that LIP uses the same retinotopic coding of saccade target whether the target is specified as an absolute point in space or as a location on a moving object.
Origin of the angiosperm flower: a phylogenetic perspective

Morphological and molecular analyses agree that angiosperms are monophyletic and somehow related to Gnetales, but uncertainties on rooting (among woody magnoliids or paleoherbs) and the position of fossils permit varied scenarios for origin of the flower. Trees linking angiosperms with Bennettitales, Pentoxylon, and Gnetales and this “anthophyte” clade with Caytonia imply that flowers arose in the common ancestor of anthophytes and carpels are cupule-bearing sporophylls. However, trees linking angiosperms with Caytonia and/or glossopterids imply that flowers originated more than once, as may certain fossil anthophytes. Trees linking anthophytes with coniferopsids suggest that flowers evolved by aggregation of fertile shoots into pseudanthia. New data on fossils or the control of floral morphogenesis in angiosperms and Gnetales might distinguish among these hypotheses.
Ultrafast optical technologies for large-capacity OTDM/WDM transmission

Ultrafast all-optical technologies to realize sub-tera bit/s to tera bit/s per channel large capacity OTDM/WDM transmission are briefly described.
Effects of LED lighting during incubation on layer and broiler hatchability, chick quality, stress susceptibility and post-hatch growth.

Providing light during incubation has been shown to affect hatchability, but the use of LED lights has not been evaluated. This experiment evaluated the effects of LED lighting during embryogenesis on White Leghorn and commercial broiler eggs. To determine this, two experiments were conducted, the first using White Leghorn eggs (N=3456) and the second using commercial broiler eggs (N=3456) where eggs were incubated 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness (LED) or complete darkness (DARK); the light level was 250 lux. Hatchability, embryo mortality, and chick quality were measured in both studies, and a subset of one of the broiler egg trials were grown out to investigate fear and stress parameters. There was no effect (P>0.05) on hatchability of layer eggs; however, there was a difference (P=0.02) observed in chick quality, with the LED group having more chicks (75.34%) with no defects than the DARK group (56.53%). Broiler eggs exposed to LED light showed an increase in hatchability (90.12%, P=0.03) and an increase in no-defect chick percentage (86.12%, P=0.04) at hatch compared to the DARK chicks (85.76% and 69.43%, respectively). Differences were observed between treatments during the 14 d grow-out. The LED birds had lower (P 0.05) observed between treatments in growth, FCR, or fear measures at 14 d. These results indicate that providing LED light during incubation can improve chick quality in both white layer and broiler eggs; however, it only appears to improve hatchability in broilers, which could be related to shell pigmentation. It was also demonstrated that providing LED light during incubation can reduce the stress susceptibility of broilers post-hatch. Utilizing light during incubation may be useful tool for the poultry industry.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Wrought Titanium -15 Molybdenum Alloy for Dental Implant Applications in Phosphate Buffer Saline

Ti-15Mo alloy has been evaluated for its electrochemical behavior in phosphate buffer saline solution at the physiological temperature of 37 oC. A two time constant model of a duplex oxide layer has been used to assess the corrosion behavior of the Ti-15Mo alloy-solution interface using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Interfacial characteristics of the inner barrier layer and the outer porous layer have been studied to understand the role of the alloy as an implant. Ti-15Mo alloy shows a very high barrier layer resistance and a tendency to resist localized corrosion.
Influence of Status on Group Interaction Processes: Electronic Mail versus Face-To-Face Discussions

Experimental studies conducted by Siegel et al. (1986) revealed that members of decision making groups participated more equally in computer-mediated discussions than in face-to-face discussions. T...
The cysteine, total sulfur amino acid, tyrosine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, and non-essential amino acid maintenance requirements of broiler breeders

Two hundred and fifty Cobb-Vantress broiler breeders were used to determine the maintenance requirement and efficiency of utilization of dietary Cys, Tyr, and non-essential amino acids (AA) in a 21-day experiment. The breeders were fed crystalline amino acid diets containing graded levels of Cys or Tyr representing 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of their suggested requirement level with all other amino acids maintained at 40% of their suggested requirement level. To determine the non-essential AA maintenance requirement, graded levels of non-essential AA were provided by glutamic acid to represent 12, 19, 26, 33, and 40% of the ideal level of glutamic acid with all other amino acids maintained at their maintenance requirement level. The total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) and Phe + Tyr requirements were calculated by combining Cys and Tyr results, respectively, with previously determined Met and Phe, respectively. The slope of Cys, Tyr, and non-essential AA accretion regression line indicated that 29% Cys, 24% TSAA, 21% Tyr, 20% Phe + Tyr, and 9% non-essential AA of crystalline amino acids were retained. The Cys requirement for zero protein accretion was calculated to be 30.48 mg/d or 17.006 mg/ kgBW(0.75)/d or 75.426 mg/kgCP/d. The TSAA requirement for zero accretion was calculated to be 132.25 mg/b/d, 71.48 mg/kgBW(0.75)/d, and 307.55 mg/kgCP/d. The Tyr requirement for zero protein accretion was calculated to be 65.907 mg/d or 37.233 mg/ kgBW(0.75)/d or 175.566 mg/kgCP/d. The Phe + Tyr requirement for zero protein accretion was calculated to be 352.18 mg/b/d, 190.37 mg/kgBW(0.75)/d, and 749.33 mg/kgCP/d. The non-essential AA requirement for zero protein accretion was calculated to be 3715.194 mg/d or 2003.155 mg/kgBW(0.75)/d or 9452.954 mg/kgCP/d.
Conjunctive properties and scientific realism

S there any reason to think that conjunctions of properties are themselves properties? Professor D. M. Armstrong has recently argued that there is ('Towards a Theory of Properties: Work in Progress on the Problem of Universals', Philosophy LII (I975), 144-5 5). Armstrong presents a theory of properties (p. 149) which is both 'Scientific Realist' ('what is a genuine property is to be decided by scientific investigation') and 'Aristotelian' ('we must reject the view that there are any uninstantiated properties'). Such a view, he claims, requires 'admitting conjunctive properties', by which he means accepting the following principle (cf. p. 153):
Neurobiological models of the impact of adversity on education

Poverty and exposure to adversity have been linked with decreased educational success. Various environmental and neurobiological pathways have been proposed for these associations, however, existing models have several clear drawbacks. Here we outline existing models, and propose an alternate model linking exposure to adverse experiences in childhood to education success. Specifically, we propose that measured dimensions of experience (e.g., decreased cognitive enrichment or increased exposure to violence), instead of named exposures (e.g., poverty) impact neurobiology through neurodevelopmental processes of neuroplasticity. Our model results in testable hypotheses and clear intervention strategies. We predict that exposure to trauma will have a distinct neurobiological impact from exposure to a lack of cognitive stimulation and that these distinct exposures will benefit from different interventions. Specificity in this arena is thus likely to better support educational achievement for disadvantaged children.
Neoadjuvant therapy prior to radiotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer

The optimal treatment for many unresectable solid tumors involves the combined use of chemotherapy and radiation. Retrospective and prospective randomized trials demonstrating a reduction in failure rates when neoadjuvant androgen suppression is combined with radiotherapy suggest that this is also likely to be true for prostate cancer. The absence of overlapping toxicities, the high response rates to androgen suppression, and the ease with which the prostate is included in radiotherapy portals makes the prostate an ideal site for chemoradiation. Since radiation and hormonally mediated apoptosis appear to be induced by different mechanisms their interaction may well be synergistic. Volumetric changes induced by hormonal suppression facilitate radioactive implantation in the prostate in men with large glands. This neoadjuvant approach also reduces the amount of normal tissue to be irradiated when used prior to 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy while allowing higher doses to the tumor. It may be particularly important to use antiandrogens to block the 'intraprostatic flare' that may result from the testosterone surge induced by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in patients undergoing neoadjuvant (short course) androgen suppression. Men who are at particularly 'high risk' for biochemical failure when treated with radiotherapy alone should probably receive a 'longer' course of complete neoadjuvant and possibly adjuvant hormonal blockade, but the optimal duration and sequence of androgen suppression remain to be defined.
Greco-Roman Culture and the Galilee of Jesus: Greco-Roman art and the shifting limits of acceptability

In the first century CE, Galileans seem to have had a conservative attitude towards Greco-Roman art, particularly in regard to figural representations – that is, depictions of animals, humans, deities, and mythological figures. As we have seen, such images were absent even from coins struck in Galilee, despite the fact that Galileans encountered them frequently on coins minted outside the region. In the early second century, however, they began appearing on Galilean coins, and by the late second and the third centuries, they were found on a variety of media, such as sarcophagi, mosaics, and lamps. The timing of this trend strongly suggests that it, too, should be considered within the context of Romanization. This chapter will explore the development of Greco-Roman art in Galilee, paying special attention to the shifting boundaries of acceptability regarding anthropomorphic and zoomorphic imagery. JEWISH ART AND FIGURAL REPRESENTATION IN THE FIRST CENTURY CE The most significant difference between the art of first-century CE Jews in Palestine and the art of most (though not all) other areas of the Roman world was the avoidance of figural art. For Jews, this avoidance was grounded in the Torah's prohibitions of “graven images” (Exodus 20:4–6, Deuteronomy 4:15–18), a category interpreted broadly in this period to include representation in a variety of media – mosaics, frescoes, reliefs, statues, and figurines. This attitude comes across clearly in Josephus's descriptions of Herodian and first-century Palestine, as Steven Fine points out.
Validity of DSM-IV ADHD Criteria in Younger Children

The validity of DSM-IV criteria for each subtype of ADHD was evaluated in 126 children, aged 4 through 6 years, and 126 matched controls at the University of Chicago.
Self-Representation and the Evolution of the Northern European Occupational Portrait: The Metropolitan Museum's Man Weighing Gold, ca. 1515

ABSTRACTThe Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York possesses a very sensitive portrait of an unidentified man weighing gold coins (ca. 1515), which is both elegant in its simplicity and sombre in its overall tonality and mode. Although neither painter nor sitter can be identified, the portrait nevertheless has raised several important issues with regard to the possible profession of the sitter, the interpretation of the activity of weighing coins, and the place of the painting within the newly emerging genre of ‘occupational portraiture’, a pictorial development that suggests an evolving perception of what constitutes ‘the self’ in the early modern era. The purpose of this essay is to explore each of these issues in order to resolve the question of the sitter's profession and its evident significance for the sitter as a principal constituent of his sense of his own identity. I will suggest that the sitter is not a merchant-banker but rather a money-changer, a distinct class of money-lenders within the fin...
Making a difference: A community-based campaign that promotes diversity and inclusion

Courses: This semester-long project is suited for courses on persuasion, diversity, social media, communication and technology, social advocacy, service-learning, or social justice.Objective: This assignment challenges students to research, design, launch, maintain, and assess an anti-hate social media campaign.
Dynamic compensation of temperature sensors using a continuum model

Most temperature sensors are known to have slow dynamic response. Dynamic compensation has been used to expand the sensor frequency bandwidth using the known sensor frequency responses. There has been extensive literature on the temperature sensor dynamic compensation using the first order model which ignores the heat conduction within the sensor itself. This paper proposes a continuum model that includes the heat conduction. The resulting mathematical model is analyzed using Laplace transform from which a non-polynomial transfer function is obtained. This non-polynomial transfer function is further used to obtain approximations that can be implemented in the time domain for sensor dynamic compensation. The effectiveness of the compensation is illustrated with the data obtained from numerical simulations for random sensor input.
Diel periodicity of emergence of adult citrus rust mites in central Florida.

Emergence of adult citrus rust mites, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) from the imagochrysafis occurred with a diel periodicity that peaked between mid morning and early afternoon. The pattern of emergence did not differ for mites reared from eggs held under different photoperiod regimes. The transition of nymphs to the imagochrysalis stage also showed a diel periodicity, occurring in the evening. The average duration of the imagochrysalis stage at 28 °C was 14–15 h.Wetting by rain or dew was simulated by immersing fruit in water each night, but the transition to the imagochrysalis stage or the subsequent emergence pattern of adults was not affected. Adult mites reared from eggs laid during two, consecutive 12-h periods emerged at the same time of day, but the peaks of emergence were separated by 24 h. Eclosion of larvae from eggs laid during two, consecutive 12-h periods did not show a diel periodicity. Eggs continuously immersed in water during their development did not hatch, whereas there was a small, but significant, reduction in the viability of eggs immersed in water each night. These results are discussed in relation to external cues that may entrain the diel patterns of development and adult emergence, and to the adaptive responses of citrus rust mite to cyclic fluctuations of key environmental variables in central Florida.
An Introduction to the Life of Jane Addams

Between 1916 and 1931 Jane Addams was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize 91 times (Nobelprize.org). The nominators, including former US President Woodrow Wilson, listed her persistent and effective peace activism as the reason. Her peace activism achieved widespread international attention during World War I when she chaired the Women’s Peace Congress at The Hague and was elected president of a women’s peace organization.
Kostenoptimale Segmentierung von Fertigungsketten

Kurzfassung Der Begriff „Segmentierung“ bezeichnet die „Aufteilung einer Fertigungsaufgabe auf einzelne Arbeitsstationen“. Die Zusammenhange von Fertigungssegmentierung, Fertigungskosten und Durchlaufzeit werden analysiert und mittels Tabellenkalkulation quantifiziert. Ein Beispiel behandelt drei Segmentierungsvarianten fur die Losfertigung. Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgt mit Zeit-Kostendiagrammen und enthalt eine ausfuhrliche Gliederung der Durchlaufzeit und der Fertigungskosten.
Talking Death: An Analysis of Selected Entries in Frida Kahlo’s Diary

This essay draws on pragmatic act theory and literary pragmatics to examine those entries in Frida Kahlo’s diary that either explicitly or implicitly address the topic of death and dying, as motivated by the artist’s tragic life events and lifelong ill health. If, as Freud famously stated, it is impossible for us to contemplate our nonbeing, then the paper examines how Kahlo affords to talk about death and dying. The following strategies are observed in the diary entries: (1) blurring of the authorial voice, (2) blurring of conventional graphic divisions, (3) blurring of the author and reader conventional boundaries by means of self-fictionalization, and (4) dialectic self-talking. These strategies serve a pragmatic purpose, that is, denying what has been stated (i.e., denying talking about death) or denying the obvious (the eventuality of death). It is argued that the analysis of Kahlo’s diary is a contribution to literary pragmatics. None of these strategies could perform the action of denying the obvious if the author and the reader do not dialectically convene to follow and, simultaneously, break literary and sociocultural conventions. This is possible because both share a common sociocultural ground in which death is deemed as unsayable.
Teaching and Learning Biology with iPads for High School Students with Disabilities.

This descriptive case study examined the first year of iPad-supported teaching and learning in a high school modified biology class. Results revealed that the iPad practices replaced, amplified, an...
Current Status of Operation and Management of Dental School Clinics

This article summarizes the current status of the operation and management of dental school clinics as schools strive to provide excellent patient-centered care in an environment that is educationally sound, efficient, and financially strong. Clinical education is a large component of dental education and an area in which many dental schools have an opportunity to enhance revenue. Clinical efficiencies and alternative models of clinical education are evolving in U.S. dental schools, and this article describes some of those evolutionary changes. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century."
Syndrome of Microscopic Hematuria, Asymptomatic Proteinuria, and “Focal Glomerulonephritis”

Numerous individuals with essentially normal health are referred by industrial, public health, or Army physicians to nephrologists for investigation of asymptomatic proteinuria or microscopic hematuria, or both. In most instances, these abnormalities are detected serendipitously by urinalysis during employment physical examinations or routine physical examinations, or following a visit to a physician for some kind of illness which is almost always unrelated to kidney or urinary conduits. By and large, these patients do not have any relevant past history that could contribute to the abnormal results of the urinalysis. Likewise, the physical examinations are essentially normal in these individuals.
Can Short Queries Be Even Shorter

It is well known that query formulation could affect retrieval performance. Empirical observations suggested that a query may contain extraneous terms that could harm the retrieval effectiveness. This is true for both verbose and title queries. Given a query, it is possible that using its subqueries can generate more satisfying search results than using the original query. Although previous studies proposed method to reduce verbose queries, it remains unclear how we could reduce title queries given the short length of the title queries. In this paper, we focus on identifying the best performed subqueries for a given query. In particular, we formulate this problem as a ranking problem, where the goal is to rank subqueries of the query based on its predicted retrieval performance. To tackle this problem, we propose a set of novel post-retrieval features that can better capture relationships among query terms, and apply a learning-to-rank algorithm based on these features. Empirical results over TREC collections show that these new features are indeed useful in identifying the best subqueries.
CRT-100.20 Longer Duration of Chest Pain Before Hospital Arrival in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Is Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes

The duration between onset of angina and reperfusion is a critical determinant of infarct size and the likelihood of adverse myocardial remodeling in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There are no definite data examining the prognostic importance of duration of angina before
The emotion dysregulation inventory: Psychometric properties and item response theory calibration in an autism spectrum disorder sample.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with prominent emotion dysregulation that requires treatment but can be difficult to measure. The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) was created using methods developed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS® ) to capture observable indicators of poor emotion regulation. Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed 66 candidate EDI items, and the final 30 items were selected based on classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) analyses. The analyses identified two factors: (a) Reactivity, characterized by intense, rapidly escalating, sustained, and poorly regulated negative emotional reactions, and (b) Dysphoria, characterized by anhedonia, sadness, and nervousness. The final items did not show differential item functioning (DIF) based on gender, age, intellectual ability, or verbal ability. Because the final items were calibrated using IRT, even a small number of items offers high precision, minimizing respondent burden. IRT co-calibration of the EDI with related measures demonstrated its superiority in assessing the severity of emotion dysregulation with as few as seven items. Validity of the EDI was supported by expert review, its association with related constructs (e.g., anxiety and depression symptoms, aggression), higher scores in psychiatric inpatients with ASD compared to a community ASD sample, and demonstration of test-retest stability and sensitivity to change. In sum, the EDI provides an efficient and sensitive method to measure emotion dysregulation for clinical assessment, monitoring, and research in youth with ASD of any level of cognitive or verbal ability. Autism Res 2018, 11: 928-941. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY This paper describes a new measure of poor emotional control called the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI). Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed candidate items, and advanced statistical techniques were applied to identify the best final items. The EDI is unique because it captures common emotional problems in ASD and is appropriate for both nonverbal and verbal youth. It is an efficient and sensitive measure for use in clinical assessments, monitoring, and research with youth with ASD.
Empowering Youth: Entrepreneurship and Employability (Study Case: Youths in Karawang, West Java)

The future of youth in any emerging countries has received attention from various stakeholders, including government, corporations and non-governmental organizations. The reason is that globalization creates competition and that competitiveness does not take a day to build. The concern also arises from regionalization, for example, the upcoming ASEAN Economic Community, whereas all individuals are considered borderless in regards to employment and specifically skills. How can countries, regardless of state-non state organizations empower youth by providing skills development? Accenture and Indonesia Business Links (IBL) – an NGO specifically focus on CSR -- partnered to develop an empowerment model for youth, by using a pilot in Karawang, West Java. Through a simple survey and focus group discussions with stakeholders, Accenture and IBL produced a model that would be able to facilitate entrepreneurship and employability. Although the finding indicates that employability is still the main concern of youth rather than entrepreneurship, the model can be used as the basis for corporations deciding on which program to focus.
Patterns of Competition in Emerging Industries from the Automobile to the Personal Computer: An Abstract

New to the world innovations such as the automobile, telephone, airplane, radio, television, and personal computer have had profound impacts on society. Not only have they changed the way that consumers live and work, but they have given birth to entire industries, industries that in some cases have grown to exceed one trillion US dollars in worldwide revenues. Long before these economy-leading industries emerge, they are at best budding curiosities, with the potential to change the world but without any sense of how to achieve that potential. To understand how these early industries evolve, it would be helpful to look at the history of one to see if there are any identifiable patterns that might be found in other early industries.
Elemental Composition, Phosphorous Uptake, and Characteristics of Growth of a SAR11 Strain in Batch and Continuous Culture

ABSTRACT In this study, a strain of SAR11 subgroup IIIa (termed HIMB114) was grown in seawater-based batch and continuous culture in order to quantify cellular features and metabolism relevant to SAR11 ecology. We report some of the first direct measurements of cellular elemental quotas for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for SAR11, grown in batch culture: 1.4 ± 0.9 fg N and 0.44 ± 0.01 fg P, respectively, that were consistent with the small size of HIMB114 cells (average volume of 0.09 μm3). However, the mean carbon (C) cellular quota of 50 ± 47 fg C was anomalously high, but variable. The rates of phosphate (PO43−) uptake measured from both batch and continuous cultures were exceptionally slow: in chemostats growing at 0.3 day−1, HIMB114 took up 1.1 ± 0.3 amol P cell−1 day−1, suggesting that IMPORTANCE While SAR11 bacteria contribute a significant fraction to the total picoplankton biomass in the ocean and likely are major players in organic C and nutrient cycling, the cellular characteristics and metabolic features of most lineages have either only been hypothesized from genomes or otherwise not measured in controlled laboratory experimentation. The dearth of data on even the most basic characteristics for what is arguably the most abundant heterotroph in seawater has limited the specific consideration of SAR11 in ocean ecosystem modeling efforts. In this study, we provide measures of cellular P, N, and C, aerobic respiration, and bacterial production for a SAR11 strain growing in natural seawater medium that can be used to directly relate these features of SAR11 to biogeochemical cycling in the oceans. Through the development of a chemostat system to measure nutrient uptake during steady-state growth, we have also documented inorganic P uptake rates that allude to the importance of organic phosphorous to meet cellular P demands, even in the presence of nonlimiting PO43− concentrations.
Determinants in Initial Treatment Choice for Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose To assess how patient choices (out-of-pocket costs, insurance plan, geographic region) impact initiation of therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME). Design Retrospective cohort study using administrative medical claims data from a large, national insurer. Participants All patients newly diagnosed with DME from 2013 through 2016 were observed for 90 days after diagnosis or until first treatment was received. Methods Multivariate logistic regression was used to create odds ratios comparing different baseline demographic and patient-related factors. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the odds of receiving the different possible initial treatments for DME (anti–vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], focal laser treatment, steroids, or observation), no treatment, and not following up. Results Of the 6220 newly diagnosed DME patients, 3010 (48.4%) underwent a follow-up examination within 90 days of diagnosis, and of those, 1453 patients (48.3%) received treatment in the observation window, including 614 (20.4%) with bevacizumab, 191 (6.3%) with ranibizumab or aflibercept, 560 (18.6%) with focal laser, 38 (1.3%) with steroid injection, and 50 (1.7%) with an injection of an unspecified drug. Having a copay (vs. $0) lowered the odds of receiving any treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.71; P 0.41 for all comparisons). Patients in the Northeast showed lower odds of initiating anti-VEGF treatment (OR = 0.60; 95%CI, 0.44–0.82; P Conclusions Patient choices such as copays and where they live are important factors in determining the initial choice of treatment for DME.
Patterns of healthcare utilization in patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer.

e18386Background: Advanced lung cancer (ALC) is a symptomatic disease that is often diagnosed in the context of hospitalization. The index hospitalization may be a window of opportunity to improve ...
CBFA2(AML1) Translocations With Novel Partner Chromosomes in Myeloid Leukemias: Association With Prior Therapy

CBFA2(AML1) has emerged as a gene critical in hematopoiesis; its protein product forms the DNA-binding subunit of the heterodimeric core-binding factor (CBF) that binds to the transcriptional regulatory regions of genes, some of which are active specifically in hematopoiesis. CBFA2 forms a fusion gene with ETO and MDS1/EVI1 in translocations in myeloid leukemia and with ETV6(TEL) in the t(12;21) common in childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We have analyzed samples from 30 leukemia patients who had chromosome rearrangements involving 21q22 by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our analysis showed that 7 of them involved CBFA2 and new translocation partners. Two patients had a t(17;21)(q11.2;q22), whereas the other 5 had translocations involving 1p36, 5q13, 12q24, 14q22, or 15q22. Five of these novel breakpoints in CBFA2 occurred in intron 6; this same intron is involved in the t(3;21). One breakpoint mapped to the t(8;21) breakpoint region in intron 5, and 1 mapped 5′ to that region. All 7 CBFA2 rearrangements resulted from balanced translocations. All 7 patients had myeloid disorders (acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome); 2 were de novo and 5 had treatment histories that included topoisomerase II targeting agents. The association of therapy-related disorders with translocations involving CBFA2 was significant by Fisher’s exact test ( P < .003). These results provide further evidence that this region of CBFA2 is susceptible to breakage in cells exposed to topoisomerase II inhibitors. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
On the connection between differential polynomial rings and polynomial rings over nil rings

In this paper, we study some connections between the polynomial ring is a locally nilpotent derivation.
Mistaken Identity: Missed Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in an Older Adult

Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age from infancy to elderhood. Patients with hyperglycemia onset at older ages are presumed to have type 2 diabetes, but the misdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes as type 1 diabetes in adults has serious consequences. Medical error in this domain leads to significant patient harm that could be avoided with the correct diagnostic testing. Here, we discuss the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at age 51 but was given the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. During two subsequent admissions for DKA, he suffered severe complications. After his third episode of DKA, antibodies and C-peptide were checked, prompting a change in diagnosis to T1DM. Following a correct diagnosis of T1DM, diabetes education and appropriate treatment, the patient remained free of DKA and had improved glucose control. Under-diagnosis of type 1 diabetes can lead to recurrence of life-threatening episodes of DKA. Anti-GAD antibody and C-peptide testing are under-utilized in the differential diagnosis of type 1 versus type 2 diabetes in adults. This case demonstrates the consequences of the mis-diagnosis of type 1 diabetes as type 2 diabetes. The correct diagnosis is necessary to prevent hospital readmissions, morbidity, mortality and medical errors.
Are We Coexisting With Carnivores in the American West

Human-carnivore coexistence is an oft-stated goal but assumptions about what constitutes coexistence can lead to goal misalignment and undermine policy and program efficacy. Questions about how to define coexistence remain and specific goals and methods for reaching coexistence require refining. Co-adaptation, where humans adapt to carnivores and vice versa, is a novel socioecological framework for operationalizing coexistence but has yet to be comprehensively examined. We explored co-adaptation and two additional coexistence criteria through analysis of three case studies involving large carnivores in the American West, each addressing differing approaches on how and what it means to coexist with carnivores: Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) in Arizona and New Mexico, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and coyotes (Canis latrans) throughout the American West. We used a multiple case study design that analyzed within and across cases to understand coexistence broadly. For each case, we asked (1) are landscapes shared in space and/or time, (2) is co-adaptation occurring and (3) do stakeholders consider risks tolerable? To identify whether coexistence criteria are met, we investigated peer-reviewed published articles and news media and conducted key informant interviews. We found clear evidence to support land-sharing between humans and coyotes and limited spatial overlap between humans and grizzly bears and Mexican gray wolves. Coadaptation was variable for wolves, possible with bears and clearly evident with coyotes. Tolerable risk levels are likely achievable for bears and coyotes based on the available literature assessing risk perceptions and tolerance. But disagreement regarding risk management is a driver of conflict over wolves and persistent barrier to achieving coexistence among diverse stakeholders. Patterns in coexistence criteria did not emerge based on taxonomy or geography but may be influenced by body size and behavioral plasticity. The common key to coexistence with each considered carnivore may be in more equitable distribution of costs and benefits among highly diverse stakeholders. Better understanding of these three coexistence criteria and innovative tools to achieve them will improve coexistence capacity with controversial carnivores on public and private lands in diverse American West contexts and beyond.
Prediction of Liver Function after Radioembolization Using the 13C-Methacetin Breath Test (MBT)

629 Introduction: Radioembolization (RE) is a local therapy for primary and secondary liver malignancies. Protecting healthy liver parenchyma while achieving high radiation doses in the tumor is a key priority. However, estimation of liver function is problematic, as currently used models like MELD are prone to error, particularly in patients with lower scores. The 13C-methacetin breath test (MBT) is a sensitive and non-invasive method for estimation of the hepatic functional reserve. Objectives: To assess the effect of RE with yttrium-90-loaded resin microspheres on hepatic functional reserve in a prospective pilot study using the MBT in patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies. Methods: 8 patients (19 male, 9 female, age 65 ± 10 years, BMI 26.2 ± 4.4 kg/m2, MELD 8.6 ± 2.5, all mean ± SD) with primary and secondary liver malignancies of different etiologies completed the MBT before, during and after RE. The 13C/12C ratio in breath was determined over 60 minutes in 10-minute intervals by nondispersive isotope selective infrared spectroscopy, and delta values [‰] and maximal percentage dose rate (PDRmax [%/h]) were calculated. In addition, liver volumetry was carried out semi-quantitatively prior to radioembolization and at follow-up. Results: One day after RE a decrease in oxidative capacity occurred (P < 0.005) with a significant increase of liver capacity after seven days (P < 0.0005). The increase was temporary and levelled out over the ensuing four to eight weeks. Six weeks after RE of the right lobe, a significant volume increase of 23% (P = 0.002) was observed in the left lobe, but not vice-versa. Conclusions: RE does not impair hepatic functional reserve as measured by MBT. A significant increase in liver volume of the untreated lobe as well as an (mostly temporary) increase in liver function was observed after RE, opening the possibility of secondary resectability in some patients. No correlation was found between MELD and MBT, suggesting that current risk-stratification approaches may be prone to error in some cases. As a sensitive, non-invasive tool to estimate the hepatic functional reserve MBT can help to predict postprocedural liver function and might therefore assist in preventing complications after RE.
P1 Assessing Food Offerings Among Emerging Food Outlets in Northern Arkansas

Background Limited study of the availability of food in nontraditional food stores (Pharmacy and convenience stores) has left a gap in the understanding of the food environment in Arkansas. Recent corporate action among nontraditional food stores suggests that consumers are looking to these stores as sources of healthier food. Objective The question that guided this work asked, “Are there differences in food offerings among non-traditional food outlets, such as CVS and Walgreens, and how do those offerings compare to the offerings of convenience stores, in Arkansas?” Understanding differences among these food store types may be useful for subsequent efforts to improve equitable access to healthy food across Arkansas. Study Design, Setting, Participants This study used an observational design to assess offerings in non-traditional food outlets. The Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS) assessment tool was used to document and score the availability of food products in 54 stores in the northern half of Arkansas, including 27 pharmacy stores and 27 convenience stores within a 2.5 mile radius. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The NEMS tool gathered availability data across 13 measures, including: fruit, vegetables, dairy products, meat products, frozen dinners, baked goods, bread, beverages, chips and snacks, and cereal. Results Pharmacy stores had a higher mean availability score (x = 19.0) than convenience stores (x = 7.2). A paired sample t test indicated that the difference in mean availability score between the store types was not likely due to chance [t(26) = 16.01, P Conclusions These findings suggest that pharmacy stores offer a healthier supply of foods as compared to convenience stores. Nontraditional food stores may be important intervention sites as consumers look to these stores for an increasing proportion of their food purchases. Further study may help to uncover differences in rural and urban food supply in Arkansas, and may have positive consequences for better understanding best practices for increasing access to food across the state.
MM-COVID: A Multilingual and Multimodal Data Repository for Combating COVID-19 Disinformation.

The COVID-19 epidemic is considered as the global health crisis of the whole society and the greatest challenge mankind faced since World War Two. Unfortunately, the fake news about COVID-19 is spreading as fast as the virus itself. The incorrect health measurements, anxiety, and hate speeches will have bad consequences on people's physical health, as well as their mental health in the whole world. To help better combat the COVID-19 fake news, we propose a new fake news detection dataset MM-COVID(Multilingual and Multidimensional COVID-19 Fake News Data Repository). This dataset provides the multilingual fake news and the relevant social context. We collect 3981 pieces of fake news content and 7192 trustworthy information from English, Spanish, Portuguese, Hindi, French and Italian, 6 different languages. We present a detailed and exploratory analysis of MM-COVID from different perspectives and demonstrate the utility of MM-COVID in several potential applications of COVID-19 fake news study on multilingual and social media.
Reflecting metagrating-enhanced thin-film organic light emitting devices

Organic light emitting diodes can achieve close to unitary internal quantum efficiency; however, their external quantum efficiency is much lower due to losses within the device. Gradient metasurfaces and metagratings can be utilized to achieve substantial electromagnetic field manipulation and enhancement of the local density of photonic states, thereby improving the external quantum efficiency of organic light emitting devices. In this work, we show how suitably designed reflecting plasmonic metagratings can be potentially incorporated into a top-emitting organic light emitting device, resulting in large enhancement of light emissivity by effectively coupling out the light trapped in the waveguide modes. We describe how both periodic and quasiperiodic metagratings can be used to improve device performance. Electromagnetic simulations and measurements show that our metagratings greatly enhance the electromagnetic field intensity in the light emission layer, leading to increased emission normal to the plane of the layers (by up to a factor of 4.8) and suppression of light trapping typically lost into waveguide modes.
Kenneth Worthy, Elizabeth Allison, and Whitney A. Bauman (eds.), After the Death of Nature: Carolyn Merchant and the Future of Human–Nature Relations

Kenneth Worthy, Elizabeth Allison, and Whitney A. Bauman (eds.), After the Death of Nature: Carolyn Merchant and the Future of Human–Nature Relations (New York and London: Routledge, 2019), xxii + 308 pp., $195.00 (cloth), $44.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1- 138-29731-9.