cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomic Localization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Hyperintensities in Geriatric Depression

Background and Purpose—Increased frequency and severity of signal hyperintensities have been regularly reported in elderly depressed patients compared with normal subjects, however, greater neuroanatomic localization of lesions has been limited. Methods—T2-weighted MRI scans in elderly depressed patients (n=35) and normal comparison subjects (n=31) were assessed for signal hyperintensities in lateralized discrete brain regions. Results—Logistic regression revealed that left frontal deep white matter (P<.005) and left putaminal (P<.04) hyperintensities significantly predicted depressive group assignment. Conclusions—Findings suggest that greater neuroanatomic localization of hyperintensities than heretofore appreciated may relate to late-life depression.
High-Q integrated on-chip micro-ring resonator

We report a fully integrated high-Q factor micro-ring resonator using silicon nitride/dioxide on a silicon wafer. The micro-ring resonator is critically coupled to a low loss straight waveguide. An intrinsic quality factor of 2.4/spl times/10/sup 5/ has been measured.
A High-Sensitivity Low-Cost Optical Particle Counter Design

We report the design of a small optical particle counter with high sensitivity and low construction cost for atmospheric aerosol measurements. Particle sensing is based on the detection of the forward scattering of laser light. The separation of the laser beam and scattered light is achieved with a novel yet simple optical system. A laboratory prototype system with a 405-nm laser and photomultiplier tube detector has successfully detected polystyrene latex particles as small as 125 nm in diameter with unit efficiency. Theoretical calculations suggest that a lower detectable size limit of 100 nm can be achieved with reduction of background scattered light. The new counter will be useful in a variety of ground-based as well as small balloon-borne applications such as vertical profiling and in situ measurement of particles from explosive volcanic eruptions. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Age and Gender Differences in the Value of Productive Activities Four Different Approaches

The definition of personal productivity based on paid work is expanded to include many forms of unpaid work. The productivity of these forms of unpaid work is estimated empirically, using several e...
Bi-directional calibration results for the cleaning of SpectralonTM reference panels

The Remote Sensing Group at the University of Arizona uses SpectralonTM (a sintered polytetraflouroethylene-based material) as a white reference source for ground based measurements used in vicarious calibration. These Spectralon panels degrade spectrally and angularly over time due to use in harsh field conditions with their reflectance falling off at shorter wavelengths. This paper examines the effects of sanding on the bi-directional reflectance of Spectralon using measurements in the Remote Sensing Group's calibration lab. The objective is to determine whether the near-Lambertian and spectrally flat nature can be restored through wet sanding with wet/dry sandpaper and de-ionized water. The reference for this method is the hemispherical reflectance of pressed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder prepared according to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) directions. The panels and a radiometer are mounted on rotation stages to measure the reflectance factor at different incidence angles for a normal view angle. These measurements are repeated for different panel alignments. Sanding techniques are examined using several grit sizes and strokes.
On the validity of chiral perturbation theory for weak hyperon decays

The predictions of chiral perturbation theory for the weak non-leptonic decays of hyperons are examined beyond the leading order. For the S-wave amplitudes we find that the leading corrections to lowest order chiral perturbation theory preserve the vanishing of the Σ+ → nπ+ amplitude. However, the Lee-Sugawara relation gets a large correction indicating a breakdown of chiral perturbation theory for this relation. For the P-wave amplitudes we find that the leading corrections to lowest order chiral perturbation theory are large indicating a breakdown of chiral perturbation theory for the P-wave amplitudes. The weak semileptonic hyperon decays are determined by baryon matrix elements of the left-handed current. Corrections to the predictions of lowest order chiral perturbation theory for these matrix elements are computed. These corrections are very small.
A comparison of Northern and Southern Hemisphere cross-tropopause ozone flux

A novel method of calculating the downward ozone flux across the midlatitude (30 deg-60 deg) tropopause shows the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ozone flux to be significantly larger (approximately 24%) than that calculated in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the year 2000. This diagnostic method makes it possible to separate dynamical aspects of transport from the seasonal cycle of ozone in the lowermost stratosphere and explain the hemispheric difference in the ozone flux. The SH total horizontal area of exchange is equal to or slightly greater than the area of exchange in the NH throughout an annual cycle. The mean changes in potential vorticity of parcels near the tropopause are also similar or slightly greater in the SH, suggesting that NH and SH downward total mass transport to the troposphere are comparable. These results imply that the greater NH ozone flux is mostly due to the amount of ozone available for exchange rather than net hemispheric dynamical differences near the tropopause level.
On the Influence of Pitching and Acceleration on Vortex Dynamics Around Low-Aspect-Ratio Rectangular Wings

Abstract : In the present study, we use numerical simulations to investigate the three-dimensional flows over low-aspect-ratio at plates undergoing two canonical motions at low Reynolds numbers. The first motion is defined by the at plate initially translating at 0deg incidence that pitches to 45deg about its leading edge. The second motion consists of the at plate at a constant 45deg incidence in a quiescent fluid, where the plate accelerates up to a constant velocity. The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of these simplified motions on the unsteady vortex dynamics, specifically the formation and evolution of the leading- edge, trailing-edge, and tip vortices over the low-aspect-ratio plate. A parameter study of Reynolds number, aspect ratio and pitch rate is performed to further understand the effect of these motions on the complex flow field.
Nature's Intricate Clockwork

Much of human physiology and behavior is influenced by circadian rhythms ( 1 ). Whether you burned the midnight oil, rose at the crack of dawn, or enjoyed your rest last night, tiny clocks in your cells have been trying to keep you on schedule. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in elucidating the molecular genetics of these single-cell oscillators ( 2 , 3 ). More recently, structural biology has begun to contribute a detailed picture of our clock components. On page 189 of this issue, Huang et al. ( 4 ) move these efforts forward dramatically with a crystal structure of the heterodimeric transcriptional activator CLOCK:BMAL1, a protein complex that is a key component of the circadian oscillator in mammals.
Parasympathetically evoked parotid salivary secretion of chronically amitriptyline-treated rats.

Treatment of rats with amitriptyline for 4 weeks significantly decreased flow rate of saliva elicited from parotid glands in response to electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation but did not alter calcium concentration of such saliva. The mechanism of the dissociation between flow rate and calcium concentration of parasympathetically evoked saliva induced by amitriptyline treatment remains to be explored, and may not involve an amitriptyline induced reduction in acetylcholine release.
Doppler aliasing artifact filtering in SAR imagery using randomised stepped-frequency waveforms

A new technique for mitigating Doppler aliasing artifacts in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is demonstrated. The technique uses continuous-wave (CW) transmission of randomised stepped-frequency waveforms. Subsequent processing places Doppler aliasing artifacts in Doppler filter nulls, effectively removing them from the imagery. Simulated 2-D SAR images illustrate the effectiveness of the technique.
Making treatment decisions for those with congenital heart disease in Turner syndrome: The need for evidence-based medicine

Abstract Most therapeutic considerations with regard to cardiovascular disease are the same in Turner syndrome (TS) as in the general population with similar problems. However, precious little is known about the unique risks for aortic root enlargement and dissection in TS that would potentially alter treatment decisions. This article highlights the issues related to the medical, surgical and catheter-based approaches to the treatment of congenital heart disease in TS.
Exploring the ground-state singlet potential energy surface for the H2CCH2→H2CC+H2 reaction with one and three parameter hybrid density functional theory, gaussian, and complete basis set ab initio methods

Abstract Several pathways for the hydrogen molecule elimination from ethylene with the target being to obtain vinylidene were explored at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) theory level. It was determined that the most likely pathway in the formation of vinylidene is through 1,1-hydrogen molecule elimination from acetylene. Therefore, an extensive computational study on the 1,1-hydrogen molecule elimination from ethylene was performed with highly accurate ab initio and hybrid density functional theory methods. It was demonstrated that B1LYP produces energies that are slightly closer to the CBSQ energies when compared to traditional B3LYP energies. A new and what is believed to be a more accurate activation barrier for the reaction is suggested.
Interfacially Driven Deformation Twinning in Bulk Ag-Cu Composites

Interfaces and interface/defect interactions increasingly dominate the mechanical response of materials as the dimensions of the grains decrease to the nanoscale. Recently, we reported unusually profuse deformation twinning in Ag-Cu layered eutectic composites with bilayer thicknesses in the submicron regime (~200 nm–400 nm) at room temperature and low strain rates. Using atomistic simulations and dislocation theory, we propose that the Ag-Cu interface facilitated deformation twinning in Cu by permitting the transmission of twinning partials from Ag to Cu. In this way, twins in Ag can provide an ample supply of twinning partials to Cu to support and sustain twin growth in Cu during deformation. Interface-driven twinning as revealed by this study suggests the exciting possibility of altering the roles of dislocation slip and twinning through the design of heterophase interface structure and properties.
Brain density patterns in schizophrenia and mania

Summary Regional brain density as measured by X-ray computed tomography was assessed in young schizophrenic (mean age 29.8 years) and manic (mean age 32.7 years) males in order to determine whether this parameter would distinguish between these groups of patients. Our findings reveal similar patterns of interhemispheric density differences in the two groups but significantly greater overall density among manics for the uppermost brain sections studied (16–24 mm above the slice intercepting the body of the lateral ventricles). Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Sperm limitation and genetic effects on fecundity in the dioecious liverwort Sphaerocarpos texanus.

Spatial relationship, male size and genetic interaction were manipulated to determine their effects on fecundity variation in the dioecious ephemeral liverwortSphaerocarpos texanus Aust. Genetically identical male individuals and genetically identical female individuals were used within inter-mate distance and male size experiments. Thus, any treatment effects within these experiments cannot be attributed to genetic effects. For the genetic interaction experiment, three males and three females were mated in a factorial design resulting in nine unique crosses. Each of these nine crosses was replicated eight times. In addition, 182 pairs (13 males and 14 females) were crossed to detect general trends across many pairings. I found that both increasing inter-mate distance and decreasing male size reduce sporophyte production, thus suggesting sperm limitation. One of the nine pairs had very low levels of sporophyte production. The male and female individuals involved in this pairing did not have lower fecundity levels when their successful coatings were compared with the other two individuals of similar sex. Of the 182 pairs, 13 were not fecund. This fecundity pattern must have an underlying genetic mechanism since the individuals involved were fecund in other crosses. This novel result provides evidence that genetic interactions may contribute to the low levels of sexual reproduction observed among dioecious bryophytes.
ON THE ROLE OF VALUES IN ECONOMIC SCIENCE: ROBBINS AND HIS CRITICS

Lionel Robbins’s (1932) An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (henceforth, Essay) is one of the two most important works on economic methodology of the twentieth century, together with Milton Friedman’s classic ‘‘The Methodology of Positive Economics’’ (1953). The fundamental legacy of the Essay is having forcefully championed a conception of economic science as axiomatic, value-free, and primarily concerned with scarcity—a conception that is today widely, even though not universally, accepted. Robbins (1932) presented his position as if it captured what was at the time a broadly shared understanding of economic science. As it turns out, Robbins’s Essay was met by largely negative reactions in academic journals. The main purpose of this paper is to describe and assess the nature of the negative reactions to Robbins’s work in the 1930s, primarily with respect to the value-freeness of economics. Some interpreters have argued that the hostility to Robbins’s work was mostly based on a misunderstanding of his position (e.g. Peston and Corry 1972; Masini Forthcoming). Robbins himself supported this interpretation, arguing that, with respect to his work on methodology, ‘‘I have never succeeded in making my views immune from misunderstanding’’ (Robbins 1963, Preface to his Politics and Economics, p. vii). Even though some reactions to the Essay did originate from failure to appreciate the subtleties of Robbins’s views, I want to argue that a great many were based on a substantive disagreement over the very possibility and desirability of keeping values outside of economic science. Recent developments in the debate on the role of values in science show that Robbins’s critics, although clumsily, pointed to genuine weaknesses of the thesis that economic science should be value-free. I will reconstruct and evaluate what I take to be the most insightful lines of criticisms leveled against Robbins from 1932, when the Essay was published, to
Quantitative computer simulations of biomolecules: A snapshot

A recent workshop titled "Quantitative Computational Biophysics" at Florida State University provided an overview of the state of the art in quantitative modeling of biomolecular systems. The presentations covered a wide range of interrelated topics, including the development and validation of force fields, the modeling of protein-protein interactions, the sampling of conformational space, and the assessment of equilibration and statistical errors. Substantial progress in all these areas was reported.
Cerebral Microangiography After Hypocarbia and Hypercarbia

Ischemic infarction was obtained in the basal ganglia and internal capsule of the Rhesus monkey by clipping the middle cerebral artery at its origin through a transorbital approach. The postmortem microvasculature was demonstrated using microtized barium (Micropaque) and soft x-ray technology. The effects on this microvasculature induced by antemortem variations in Pacoco2 in tne normal and the acutely infarcted animal were studied. Microangiography was shown to be useful in the study of dynamic vascular changes in the deep structures of the ischemic brain.
Transformation of MCF-10A cells by random mutagenesis with frameshift mutagen ICR191: A model for identifying candidate breast-tumor suppressors

Widely accepted somatic mutation theory of carcinogenesis states that mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in genomes of somatic cells is the cause of neoplastic transformation. Identifying frequent mutations in cancer cells suggests the involvement of mutant genes in carcinogenesis. To develop an in vitro model for the analysis of genetic alterations associated with breast carcinogenesis, we used random mutagenesis and selection of human non-tumorigenic immortalized breast epithelial cells MCF-10A in tissue-culture conditions that mimic tumor environment. Random mutations were generated in MCF-10A cells by cultivating them in a tissue-culture medium containing the frameshift-inducing agent ICR191. The first selective condition we used to transform MCF1-10A cells was cultivation in a medium containing mutagen at a concentration that allowed cell replication despite p53 protein accumulation induced by mutagen treatment. The second step of selection was either cell cultivation in a medium with reduced growth-factor supply or in a medium that mimics a hypoxia condition or growing in soft agar. Using mutagenesis and selection, we have generated several independently derived cultures with various degrees of transformation. Gene Identification by Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay Inhibition (GINI) analysis has identified the ICR191-induced frameshift mutations in the TP53, smoothelin, Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 6 (RASSF6) and other genes in the transformed MCF-10A cells. The TP53 gene mutations resulting in the loss of protein expression had been found in all independently transformed MCF-10A cultures, which form large progressively growing tumors with sustained angiogenesis in nude mice. Identifying genes containing bi-allelic ICR191-induced frameshift mutations in the transformed MCF-10A cells generated by random mutagenesis and selection indicates putative breast-tumor suppressors. This can provide a model for studying the role of mutant genes in breast carcinogenesis.
A Ku-Band Active/Passive Wind Vector Retrieval Over the Ocean

This work investigates the design of an innovative conical scanning Ku-band (13.4 GHz) scatterometer/radiometer for measuring ocean vector winds. The sensor design is based upon actual measurements obtained by the SeaWinds scatterometer and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), which operated simultaneously on JAXA's Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) during 2003. This new design combines the conventional forward and aft-looking two-beam microwave scatterometer (SeaWinds) measurements with simultaneous linearly polarized passive microwave brightness temperatures. The unique aspect of this remote sensing technique is that it operates at a single microwave frequency, and it combines vertical and horizontal polarized microwave brightness temperatures with the scatterometer normalized cross sections to retrieve unambiguous ocean wind vectors. This technique has the potential to significantly improve the Ocean Vector Winds retrievals for future conical-scanning microwave scatterometers.
DTAR—A Dynamic, Tube-Ascending Robot

This paper investigates a novel minimalistic mechanism that ascends tubes. The mechanism is comprised of only a rigid body, two O-rings, and a motor rotating an eccentric mass. We describe the underlying locomotion principle of rocking and jamming, without the use of special bristles or spines, and demonstrate the robustness of this mechanism.
Experimental Multi-Vehicle Path Coordination under Communication Connectivity Constraints

The main contribution of this paper is the experimental validation of a decentralized Receding Horizon Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (RH-MINLP) framework that can be used to solve the Multi-Vehicle Path Coordination (MVPC) problem. The MVPC problem features path-constrained vehicles that begin their transit from a fixed starting point and move towards a goal point along fixed paths so as to avoid collisions with other robots and static obstacles. This framework allows to solve for time optimal velocity profiles for such robots in the presence of constraints on kinematics, dynamics, collision avoidance, and inter-robot communication connectivity. Experiments involving up to five (5) robots operating in a reasonably complex workspace are reported. Results demonstrate the effect of communication connectivity requirements on robot velocity profiles and the effect of sensing and actuation noise on the path-following performance of the robots. Typically, the optimization improved connectivity at no appreciable cost in journey time, as measured by the time of arrival of the last-arriving robot.
Tardive Dyskinesia and Other Movement Disorders in Children Treated with Psychotropic Drugs

Abstract The literature concerning tardive dyskinesia (TD), withdrawal dyskinesias, and acute extrapyramidal reactions in children and adolescents is reviewed. The clinical manifestations of TD in children, may differ from those in adults. It is unlikely that TD is a single entity in adults or children. Clinical evidence supports the idea of a wide range of movement disorders. Children treated with neuroleptics are at risk for TD. When neuroleptics are used in children, clinicians should be alive to the risk of TD and proceed with caution.
General relativistic simulations of magnetized binary neutron star mergers

Binary neutron stars (NSNS) are expected to be among the leading sources of gravitational waves observable by ground-based laser interferometers and may be the progenitors of short-hard gamma-ray bursts. We present a series of general relativistic NSNS coalescence simulations both for unmagnetized and magnetized stars. We adopt quasiequilibrium initial data for circular, irrotational binaries constructed in the conformal thin-sandwich (CTS) framework. We adopt the BSSN formulation for evolving the metric and a high-resolution shock-capturing scheme to handle the magnetohydrodynamics. Our simulations of unmagnetized binaries agree with the results of Shibata, Taniguchi and Ury\ifmmode \bar{u}\else \={u}\fi{} [M. Shibata, K. Taniguchi, and K. Ury\ifmmode \bar{u}\else \={u}\fi{}, Phys. Rev. D 68, 084020 (2003).]. In cases in which the mergers result in a prompt collapse to a black hole, we are able to use puncture gauge conditions to extend the evolution and determine the mass of the material that forms a disk. We find that the disk mass is less than 2% of the total mass in all cases studied. We then add a small poloidal magnetic field to the initial configurations and study the subsequent evolution. For cases in which the remnant is a hypermassive neutron star, we see measurable differences in both the amplitude and phase of the gravitational waveforms following the merger. For cases in which the remnant is a black hole surrounded by a disk, the disk mass and the gravitational waveforms are about the same as the unmagnetized cases. Magnetic fields substantially affect the long-term, secular evolution of a hypermassive neutron star (driving ``delayed collapse'') and an accretion disk around a nascent black hole.
A rearranged DFT algorithm requiring N 2 /6 multiplications

We consider the problem of computing the DFT and present two reductions over the standard formula. In the special case of an N-point sequence with N = 2l, the number of multiplications per output point required by this algorithm is, at most, N/4 - 1 and, on the average, N/6 - 1. Each output point requires no more than N - 1 additions. In applications requiring only some of the output points, a computational savings over the standard (FFT) techniques may be achieved. Furthermore, we argue that in a certain sense these reductions are optimal.
Generalized Dynamic Factor Models for Mixed-Measurement Time Series

In this article, we propose generalized Bayesian dynamic factor models for jointly modeling mixed-measurement time series. The framework allows mixed-scale measurements associated with each time series, with different measurements having different distributions in the exponential family conditionally on time-varying latent factor(s). Efficient Bayesian computational algorithms are developed for posterior inference on both the latent factors and model parameters, based on a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm with adaptive proposals. The algorithm relies on a Greedy Density Kernel Approximation and parameter expansion with latent factor normalization. We tested the framework and algorithms in simulated studies and applied them to the analysis of intertwined credit and recovery risk for Moody’s rated firms from 1982 to 2008, illustrating the importance of jointly modeling mixed-measurement time series. The article has supplementary materials available online.
Endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms influence cerebrospinal fluid endothelin-1 levels following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels have been associated with increased risk of cerebral vasospasm, which ...
In vivo high speed multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) of swine coronary arteries

We report an intravascular catheter system able to acquire multispectral time-resolved fluorescence images of coronary arteries in vivo in swine heart. Current results demonstrate the ability of this system to acquire robust fluorescence lifetime images in pulsatile blood flow.
Wind Tunnel Generated Turbulence

Research on the interaction of gusts and turbulence on aerodynamic forces has started at the University of Florida Aerodynamic Characterization Facility located at the Research and Engineering Education Facility. The objective of this research is to characterize the turbulent flow behind a newly developed active turbulence grid so that future research utilizing the grid to assess the effects of turbulence on aerodynamic forces may be accomplished. The research utilizes an active turbulence grid based on designs first implemented by Makita to generate adjustable turbulent flow fields. In this paper the active turbulence grid is designed, constructed, controlled, and initially tested using hot-wire anemometry. Testing identified dependence of turbulence statistics on forcing protocol as well as changing behavior downstream. The active turbulence grid was shown capable of generating turbulence from 12 to 30 % root mean square intensity as well as generating turbulence with isotropy ratios ranging from 1 to 1.35. The length scales generated by the active turbulence grid were on the order of 0.25 m, and there was the desired variability due to changing motion profile. These initial tests indicate that the active turbulence grid has met its design parameters, opening the way for future testing.
Clinical Features of Infection in Older Adults

The impact of infectious diseases on older adults is far greater than on younger adults because of significantly higher morbidity and mortality caused by infection. The reasons for this greater impact include factors such as lower physiologic reserve due to age and chronic disease, age-related changes in host defenses, loss of mobility, higher risk for polypharmacy and adverse drug reactions, and being on drugs that increase the risk for infection (e.g., anticholinergic and other sedating medications increase the risk for pneumonia).
Icterus Complicating Pneumonia. I. Corpuscular Fragility in the Normal Negro

The latest editions of medical textbooks make only passing references to the icterus accompanying many cases of lobar pneumonia. Cecil1 indicates that jaundice occurs in 5 to 10% of cases of lobar pneumonia and that the lighter form which is observed most frequently seems to have no significance while the deeper jaundice seen in other cases is associated with a toxic hepatitis and a grave prognosis. Musser2 describes the jaundice that is present in a small number of cases of lobar pneumonia as often existing in connection with an enlarged liver and a tender area in the region of the gall bladder. Meakins3 barely mentions jaundice as a result of metastatic lesions in the liver in lobar pneumonia. Emerson,4 in a footnote, suggests that this jaundice may be due to the absorption of alveolar exudate or to a slowing of the portal circulation.During the past year the authors observed 32 cases of lobar pneumonia in adult Negro patients admitted to the medical service of George W. Hubbard Hospital of Meharry Medi...
Synthesis and properties of arsenic(III)-reactive coumarin-appended benzothiazolines: a new approach for inorganic arsenic detection.

The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 ppb for arsenic (As) in drinking water requiring sensitive and selective detection methodologies. To tackle this challenge, we have been active in constructing small molecules that react specifically with As3+ to furnish a new fluorescent species (termed a chemodosimeter). We report in this contribution, the synthesis and spectroscopy of two small-molecule fluorescent probes that we term ArsenoFluors (or AFs) as As-specific chemodosimeters. The AFs (AF1 and AF2) incorporate a coumarin fluorescent reporter coupled with an As-reactive benzothiazoline functional group. AFs react with As3+ to yield the highly fluorescent coumarin-6 dye (C6) resulting in a 20–25-fold fluorescence enhancement at λem ∼ 500 nm with detection limits of 0.14–0.23 ppb in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 298 K. The AFs also react with common environmental As3+ sources such as sodium arsenite in a THF/CHES (N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) (1:1, pH 9, 298 K) mixture resul...
Thinking of Experiment Teaching Reform——the application of EDA technology to making experiments in electronics course

MAX + plusll is the EDA software of Altera Inc. This paper briefly introduces the method of digital circuit experiment based on the MAX + plusll by the example of actually digital circuit.
S08.4 What is ‘sustainable’: the costs and cost-savings of strategies to expand services

Background Congenital syphilis imposes a significant global health and economic burden. Serious adverse events, including infant mortality and infection, occur in more than half of cases. The annual global medical cost burden exceeds $300 million. Syphilis screening and treatment, though simple, effective, and affordable, fails to reach most pregnant women. In this presentation we examine the financial sustainability of scaling-up syphilis screening and treatment in existing antenatal care (ANC) programs in diverse programmatic, epidemiologic, and economic contexts. Methods We modeled the program cost, health impact, and net cost of expanded syphilis screening and treatment in ANC, for 1,000,000 pregnancies per year over four years. We described 8 generic country scenarios by varying three factors: current maternal syphilis testing and treatment coverage, syphilis prevalence in pregnant women, and the cost of healthcare. Findings Program costs are estimated at $4,142,287 – $8,235,796 per million pregnant women. Net costs, adjusted for averted medical care and current services, range from net savings of $12,261,250 to net costs of $1,736,807. The program yields net savings in four scenarios, and has low net costs in the other four. Conclusions Eliminating vertical transmission of syphilis through expanded screening and treatment in ANC appears highly sustainably in economic terms for varied settings. Countries with high prevalence, low current service coverage, and high healthcare cost would be most likely to realize net savings. This analysis approach can be adapted to other conditions.
Effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on corneal neovascularization in the rat

We used computerized image analysis to evaluate quantitatively the ability of topically applied corticosteroids (dexamethasone sodium phosphate, prednisolone acetate), cyclooxygenase inhibitors (flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac), lipoxygenase inhibitors (REV 5901, esculetin, quercetin), and dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors (BW 755C, BW A540C) to reduce corneal neovascularization in the rat induced by silver/potassium nitrate cauterization. Significant decreases in the neovascular response were found with corticosteroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. A complete dose-response curve was performed for a representative compound from each class. Dexamethasone was found to be superior to flurbiprofen in its ability to reduce neovascularization in this model, while no significant inhibition was noted with either REV 5901 or BW 755C, even at high doses. We conclude that the corneal angiogenic response in this model can be reduced by inhibition of cyclooxygenase as well as by other mechanisms that are steroid-dependent but are, as yet, poorly defined.
Hepatitis C Virus: Sample collection, preparation, and storage

The low levels of HCV RNA in the blood requires sensitive template or signal amplification methods for detection. These procedures are highly sensitive and are prone to crossover contamination, especially when the procedures are carried out manually. To limit contamination, laboratories that are going to be doing amplification on a regular basis need to take a number of precautions (Table 18.1). One of the driving forces for automation of the amplification process is to eliminate virtually all contamination by reducing the number of steps that need to be performed manually. Even so, a major source of variability is sample collection, handling, and storage, especially prior to nucleic acid extraction and amplification. For HCV, it is very important to use a dedicated vacutainer tube that remains unopened until received by the molecular diagnostic laboratory. There does not seem to be a difference in HCV RNA levels between serum and plasma samples obtained from the same patient on the same day (Cuypers et al., 1992; Krajden et al., 1996). However, other independent observations have shown that fresh frozen plasma reproducibly yielded almost twofold higher levels of HCV RNA compared with a corresponding serum sample from the same patient (Busch et al., 1992). HCV RNA levels in clinical samples were also sensitive to storage at room temperature as well as to repeated freezing and thawing in some but not all studies (Busch et al., 1992; Wang et al., 1992; Fong et al., 1993; Quan et al., 1993; Halfon et al., 1996).
An unconditionally stable matrix-free time-domain method independent of element shape for multiscale and large-scale electromagnetic analysis

We develop an unconditionally stable matrix-free time-domain method for analyzing general electromagnetic problems discretized into arbitrarily shaped unstructured meshes. This method does not require the solution of a system matrix, no matter which element shape is used for space discretization. Furthermore, this property is achieved irrespective of the time step used to perform the time domain simulation. As a result, the advantage of a matrix-free method in avoiding matrix solutions is accentuated, while its shortcoming in time step's dependence on space step is eliminated, permitting an efficient analysis of large-scale and multiscale problems. Numerical experiments have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A Mixture or a Compound? Community-Level Antecedents of Firms’ Category-Spanning Strategies

This paper examines community-level antecedents of firms’ market diversification and product differentiation strategies using the concept of category spanning. Exploiting novel and extensive data on the restaurant industry in a large metropolitan statistical area, I find a contrasting effect of economic and social status of consumer communities on firms’ market diversification. Results show a negative effect of residents’ income levels and a positive effect of their education levels on the business scope of the restaurants in a focal town, both effects notable by statistical significance and size. Also, results from a computational text analysis of every word used in the menus of the sample restaurants suggest that it is educated social elites, culturally omnivorous and seeking novelty, who encourage firms to engage in product hybridization. Examining the full spectrum of the demand side with a novel theory and operationalization of spanning, this study complements the traditional focus in strategy resear...
Physical Activity Levels, Frequency, and Type Among Adolescents with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder

We compared time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), type, and frequency of participation in physical activities between adolescents with ASD (n = 35) and typically developing (TD) adolescents (n = 60). Accelerometers measured MVPA and participants were interviewed about engagement in physical activities. Adolescents with ASD spent less time in MVPA compared to TD adolescents (29 min/day vs. 50 min/day, p 0.05). Among adolescents <16 years old, those with ASD participated in fewer activities than TD adolescents (5.3 vs. 7.1 activities, p < 0.03). Walking/hiking and active video gaming were among the top activities for both groups. Findings support the need for interventions that meet the needs of youth with ASD.
False memory for context and true memory for context similarly activate the parahippocampal cortex

The role of the parahippocampal cortex is currently a topic of debate. One view posits that the parahippocampal cortex specifically processes spatial layouts and sensory details (i.e., the visual-spatial processing view). In contrast, the other view posits that the parahippocampal cortex more generally processes spatial and non-spatial contexts (i.e., the general contextual processing view). A large number of studies have found that true memories activate the parahippocampal cortex to a greater degree than false memories, which would appear to support the visual-spatial processing view as true memories are typically associated with greater visual-spatial detail than false memories. However, in previous studies, contextual details were also greater for true memories than false memories. Thus, such differential activity in the parahippocampal cortex may have reflected differences in contextual processing, which would challenge the visual-spatial processing view. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we employed a source memory paradigm to investigate the functional role of the parahippocampal cortex during true memory and false memory for contextual information to distinguish between the visual-spatial processing view and the general contextual processing view. During encoding, abstract shapes were presented to the left or right of fixation. During retrieval, old shapes were presented at fixation and participants indicated whether each shape was previously on the "left" or "right" followed by an "unsure", "sure", or "very sure" confidence rating. The conjunction of confident true memories for context and confident false memories for context produced activity in the parahippocampal cortex, which indicates that this region is associated with contextual processing. Furthermore, the direct contrast of true memory and false memory produced activity in the visual cortex but did not produce activity in the parahippocampal cortex. The present evidence suggests that the parahippocampal cortex is associated with general contextual processing rather than only being associated with visual-spatial processing.
Addressing Implicit Bias Among Women Statisticians and Data Scientists

The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at the Ohio State University defines implicit bias as:The attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in ...
Design of a 4-Way Chireix amplifier using a nonlinear embedding device model

The inspection of the current and voltage waveforms at the current source reference planes of transistor models provides power amplifier (PA) designers with useful insights for identifying the class of operation of PAs. However when a specific class of operation at the current source reference plane is targeted, time-consuming multi-harmonic load- and source-pull simulations are required. Alternatively if the design is started at the current source reference planes for the targeted class of operation and PA architecture, the load and source multi-harmonic terminations at the package reference planes for a given power level for a given can be calculated in a single simulation with the help of an embedding device model. The application of the embedding device model to the design of a 4-way Chireix prototype is explored to facilitate the co-design of the 4 amplifiers and the 4-way Chireix combiner. The 4-way Chireix PA is thus first designed at the current source reference planes. The phase of the excitations driving the 4-way Chireix PA are obtained from the eigenvalues of the impedance matrix of the 4 port loaded Chireix combiner designed. The validity of the intrinsic design is verified with harmonic balance simulations. The efficiency of the 4-way Chireix amplifier at the package reference planes for an ideal circuit implementation is then predicted with the help of the embedding device model and found to degrade by 2–4% compared to the efficiency at the current source reference planes.
Writing Chiwere: Orthography, literacy, and language revitalization

Abstract Like other Native American communities left without fluent speakers of their indigenous languages, Ioways and Otoe-Missourias now rely on texts to learn Chiwere, their heritage language. This epistemological shift from speakers to texts has increased pedagogical pressures on orthographies since literacy has become the primary means of heritage language socialization and revitalization. Comparing language learning materials in use today to nineteenth-century missionary primers reveals that Chiwere orthographies and literacy have long been used to promote enculturation. While missionaries employed Chiwere literacy in their effort to convert and “civilize” Ioways and Otoe-Missourias, current language revitalization resources seek to socialize language learners to a nostalgic notion of “traditional” culture rooted in recursive entextualizations and recontextualizations of elders' words.
A novel method for resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering via photoelectron spectroscopy detection.

A method for measuring resonant inelastic X-ray scattering based on the conversion of X-ray photons into photoelectrons is presented. The setup is compact, relies on commercially available detectors, and offers significant flexibility. This method is demonstrated at the Linac Coherent Light Source with ∼0.5 eV resolution at the cobalt L3-edge, with signal rates comparable with traditional grating spectrometers.
The rest of the story: Long-term, patient-reported outcomes in cardiac surgery.

Central Message: Cardiac surgery is associated with sustained improvements in self-reported functional outcomes and health related quality of life.
CO adsorption on nanoislands: Ni on Au(111)

The adsorption behavior of CO on Ni islands grown on Au(111) was studied with a combination of temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface resistivity measurements. The Au(111) herringbone reconstruction provides a template for the growth of ordered Ni islands, with evidence for the presence of strain and Au atoms within the islands. The islands grow radially until θNi ≈ 0.3 ML, after which subsequent Ni atoms contribute primarily to a second layer. We study saturated CO adsorption at 227 K over a range of Ni island sizes and find layer-dependent adsorption properties. For single-layer islands at low Ni coverage, CO adsorbs primarily in the atop position and desorbs at lower temperatures than on pure Ni, with a saturation CO coverage of about 0.5 CO/Ni. As second layer Ni grows, saturated CO coverages on the Ni approach unity, with higher desorption temperatures, but still with primarily atop CO. Based on previous studies, we propose that in the first Ni layer, ligand effects from the Au substrate and possibly Au in the islands and strain due to the Ni/Au lattice mismatch affect the Ni-CO bonds. CO adsorption behavior on the two-layer islands is qualitatively explained by a decrease in Au nearest neighbors and the presence of a more expanded/corrugated structure.
Application of Flexible Transducer Array Technology to Measure Erosion-Corrosion in Carbon Steel Piping

The Portable Automated Remote Inspection System (PARIS) manufactured by Failure Analysis Associates, Inc. (FaAA) was originally designed to inspect graphite epoxy composites. Recently, FaAA has investigated the application of PARIS to measure wall thinning in carbon steel components. The results of this investigation are the subject of this paper.
EXPERIENCE WITH RECENTLY DEVELOPED DISSOLVED OXYGEN INSTRUMENTATION MONITORING A PAPER INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS

ABSTRACT Dissolved oxygen control of the activated sludge process has found limited application within the pulp and paper industry. One factor responsible for this is the perceived inadequancy of required instrumentation. In this study, three DO probes of relatively recent design were evaluated in a paper mill effluent treatment process environment to demonstrate the degree of instrument reliability which can be anticipated for real-time DO control implementations, Instrumentation maintenance requirements and measured data accuracy over the three month field study are presented.
The Effects of Hypertonic Urea on the Blood-Brain Barrier and on the Glucose Transport in the Brain

The effects of hypertonic urea on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were studied in rabbits perfused through the internal carotid artery. Hypertonic urea solution produced two groups of barrier damage. In the first group, damage was irreversible and was associated with brain edema and hyperemia. These animals had an increased uptake of glucose which could not be self-inhibited as determined by a double-tracer technique. The second group of animals had reversible or partially reversible BBB damage without edema or hyperemia. Glucose uptake was increased also in those animals but could be self-inhibited. These results suggest that when hypertonic urea produces reversible or partially reversible barrier damage it also stimulates brain uptake of glucose by facilitated diffusion.
Deliberative Television: Encouraging Substantive, Citizen-Driven News

With Americans’ confidence in the news media dwindling, the quality of programming declining, and audiences turning elsewhere, the American news media is at a crossroads. We argue that news outlets should consider a new form of deliberation-based programming for local news coverage as a means of responding to these problems. As a basis for the programming, we build on public journalism (Rosen & Merritt, 1994) and deliberative citizen panels (Knobloch, Gastil, Reedy, & Walsh, 2013). By engaging citizens in the production of news, media outlets not only stand to gain viewers by increasing the quality of their issue coverage, but they also could secure their claim as a public institution providing a valuable public good. We urge media outlets to consider turning to citizen panels to determine which issues are salient and to engage in structured deliberations about those issues, which can be captured and built into content packages for use in news programming. In so doing, news outlets can help activate viewers by positioning them not as passive consumers but as engaged citizens prepared for public deliberation.