cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Technology strategy development in Japanese industry: an assessment of market and government influences

Abstract Many perceive Japanese industry, working in close cooperation with the government of Japan, to be one of the best models for public/private sector cooperation and success. Although MITI (the Ministry of International Trade and Industry) is often credited with orchestrating this success, little is known about the relative influences of government and market forces on Japanese corporations and their technology development processes. This paper, based on a survey of 109 Japanese companies, attempts to identify and assess the factors that affect corporate technology strategies. Key factors that were found to affect corporate technology strategies were, to name a few, corporate strategic planning, internal R&D strategy, general market incentives, technology development efforts of the competition and the role/presence on MITI. Upon analyzing the results obtained, it was concluded that technology strategy making in the Japanese corporation is driven by market forces but directed towards overall national goals. The influence of specific public policies directed toward stimulating corporate technology development is, however, quite limited.
A heuristic for mining association rules in polynomial time

Mining association rules from databases has attracted great interest because of its potentially very practical applications. Given a database, the problem of interest is how to mine association rules (which could describe patterns of consumers' behaviors) in an efficient and effective way. The databases involved in today's business environments can be very large. Thus, fast and effective algorithms are needed to mine association rules out of large databases. Previous approaches may cause an exponential computing resource consumption. A combinatorial explosion occurs because existing approaches exhaustively mine all the rules. The proposed algorithm takes a previously developed approach, called the Randomized Algorithm 1 (or RA1), and adapts it to mine association rules out of a database in an efficient way. The original RA1 approach was primarily developed for inferring logical clauses (i.e., a Boolean function) from examples. Numerous computational results suggest that the new approach is very promising.
Philosophy and Linguistics

My task in this article is to discuss some of the recent research in linguistics and its relation, if any, to the traditional problems of philosophy. I do this in the light of two recently published books, more the first than the second. My problem is that there is so much to say, both about linguistics and about the books, that much must be left unsaid. For- instance, Chomsky has an extended discussion of the notion of innate ideas (pp. 47–59) and Katz provides a review of philosophical work in language in the last half century (pp. 15–96). I have found space for neither. I do not offer any discussion of matters internal to linguistics; that is, I do not criticize the quality of the linguistics in Chomsky's book—that belongs elsewhere and by another writer—but concern myself exclusively with the philosophical relevance of the linguistic matters.
A Fast Explicit Operator Splitting Method for Modified Buckley---Leverett Equations

In this paper, we propose a fast explicit operator splitting method to solve the modified Buckley---Leverett equations which include a third-order mixed derivatives term resulting from the dynamic effects in the pressure difference between the two phases. The method splits the original equation into two equations, one with a nonlinear convective term and the other one with high-order linear terms so that appropriate numerical methods can be applied to each of the split equations: the high-order linear equation is numerically solved using a pseudo-spectral method, while the nonlinear convective equation is integrated using the Godunov-type central-upwind scheme. The spatial order of the central-upwind scheme depends on the order of the piecewise polynomial reconstruction: we test both the second-order minmod-based reconstruction and fifth-order WENO5 one to demonstrate that using higher-order spatial reconstruction leads to more accurate approximation of solutions. A variety of numerical examples in both one and two space dimensions show that the solutions may have many different saturation profiles depending on the initial conditions, diffusion parameter, and the third-order mixed derivatives parameter. The results are consistent with the study of traveling wave solutions and their bifurcation diagrams.
On the Design of Planar Reactionless Parallel Mechanisms

A reactionless machine will not apply reaction forces and moments on the mounting base during motion. This article presents the theory for design of a reactionless planar parallel mechanism. The salient features of this design are: (i) it uses auxiliary parallelograms to locate the center of mass of each leg at the base, (ii) choice of geometric and inertial parameters to satisfy the recationless conditions, (iii) selection of trajectory to achieve a reactionless design. We illustrate the reactionless feature of such a mechanism through computer simulations.© 2004 ASME
Success of simple probing and irrigation in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and otitis media.

Purpose: To examine whether, as has been reported in the literature, a history of otitis media (OM) affects the success of probing and irrigation (P&I) for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Methods: All patients who underwent P&I at the Saint Louis University Eye Institute between 2001 and 2002 were prospectively studied. A preoperative questionnaire assessed the laterality of NLDO and history and laterality of OM. Intraoperatively, site of NLDO and recovery of fluorescein were recorded. The success of the probing was determined by follow-up interview 6 months postoperatively. Results: Overall success of initial P&I was 86.2%. Patients with OM did not have a statistically significant decrease in success of P&I ( P = 1.00, RR 0.920, 95% CI 0.298–2.736 by Yates-corrected chi-square). The failure rate of initial P&I was not statistically different regardless of fluorescein recovery. NLDO occurred most frequently at the valve of Hasner (45.8%). Conclusions OM was not a risk factor for initial P&I failure. Omission of fluorescein irrigation to assess patency may save time and cost.
Psychological sequelae of HIV infection and AIDS: Review of empirical findings

Abstract We review empirical studies that describe and explain the psychological sequelae of HIV infection. Following a brief discussion of methodological issues concerning this literature, studies of the psychological dimensions of HIV and AIDS are reviewed. Research shows that a wide-range of psychological distress reactions are associated with HIV infection. Depression appears to be prevalent in the early phases of HIV disease, subsiding during asymptomatic periods, and recurring with the onset of HIV-related illness symptoms. Depression is also complicated by frequency of bereavement from AIDS-related deaths. Suicide risk is high and follows a pattern similar to depression during the course of the disease. Anxiety and somatization are also prevalent among HIV infected persons. Unfortunately, anger and guilt, two important emotional reactions, have been extremely under-studied. The empirical literature leads to several practical implications for psychological consultation, assessment, and therapy for persons with HIV infection.
Chebyshev Inequalities for Unimodal Distributions

Abstract Let g be an even function on ℝ that is nondecreasing on [0, ∞), and let k be a positive constant. For random variables X that are unimodal with mode 0, and for random variables X that are unimodal with an unspecified mode, we derive sharp upper bounds on P(|X| ≥ k) in terms of Eg(X). The proofs consist largely of drawing a chord and a few tangent lines on graphs of cdf's.
Analysis of stability and Hopf bifurcation of delayed feedback spin stabilization of a rigid spacecraft

The stability and bifurcation of delayed feedback spin stabilization of a rigid spacecraft is investigated in this paper. The spin is stabilized about the principal axis of the intermediate moment of inertia using a simple delayed feedback control law. In particular, linear stability is analyzed via the exponential-polynomial characteristic equations and then the method of multiple scales is used to obtain the normal form of the Hopf bifurcation. Bifurcation diagrams and the dynamics of the delayed closed-loop system are verified using continuation software and with numerical simulations.
Abstract 3563: New tools for RNA-sequencing of FFPE tumor samples

Next generation RNA sequencing is an ideal platform to leverage archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples for cancer research, as it offers extensive functional genomic information including transcriptome expression profiling, differential expression analysis and fusion detection. However, both RNA degradation from the formalin fixation process as well as limited sample material, pose major challenges for RNA sequencing of FFPE samples. Here we describe a novel method for generating whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing libraries from moderate to poor quality FFPE samples starting with as low as 20ng total RNA. This approach provides increased transcriptome coverage and robust measurement of gene expression levels compared to currently available FFPE RNA sequencing methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that we can detect both known and novel gene fusions in clinical tumor samples that are potential drivers of disease. We anticipate this new technology will enable functional genomic studies on numerous FFPE tumor samples that would not previously be possible, providing invaluable information for developing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Citation Format: Lisa Watson, Smita Pathak, Stephen Gross, Irina Khrebtukova, Gary Schroth. New tools for RNA-sequencing of FFPE tumor samples. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3563. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3563
International trade with forward-futures markets under exchange rate and price uncertainty

Abstract The paper examines a risk-averse firm's decisions on the level of trade, when the exchange rate and the commodity price are uncertain, and the extent of forward exchange and commodity futures commitments. First we verify the Separation Theorem and the Full Double Hedging Theorem. Second, we investigate the implications of the existence of both forward foreign exchange and commodity futures markets in comparison to the case where only one (or no) market is available to the firm. The second exercise enables us to focus on conditions under which establishing forward-futures arrangements promotes international trade.
Shape and disposition of clefts, tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum in long and short sarcomere fibers of crab and crayfish

The disposition of surface invaginations (clefts, Z and T tubules) and of the sarcoplasmic reticulum has been examined by electron microscopy at three accelerating voltages (100, 200 and 1000 kV) and by phase-contrast light microscopy in crustacean muscles infiltrated by the “Golgi stain.” In long-sarcomere, tonic type fibers, an extensive system of invaginating clefts has been observed, along with both Z and T tubules. Z and T tubules form interconnections with each other, but only T tubules form specific contacts with the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in these fibers forms an extended and continuously fenestrated network. In short-sarcomere, phasic type fibers, a ladder-like disposition of an abundant T network is found. Z tubules are absent in these fibers. The sarcoplasmic reticulum forms more frequent junctions with flattened areas of T tubules and with clefts, but has less extensive free surfaces than in the long-sarcomere fibers.
Recent Trends in Hydrogeology, 1982

Recent Trends in Hydrogeology consists of a set of papers presented during a birthday party on February 9, 1979. The birthday party, or, more properly, the symposium, was convened to honor a distinguished hydrogeologist, Paul A. Witherspoon, on his 60th birthday. Many of the papers were written by Witherspoon's former students as well as by his current colleagues at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley. A preface by the editor (T. N. Narasimhan) provides an introduction to the volume and short commentaries on each of the 23 papers as well as ideas on probable future directions in hydrogeology. According to the preface, the purpose of the symposium was “to attempt a reasonable coverage of the important facets of hydrogeology” and “to provide a global picture of hydrogeology” where hydrogeology is defined as “the discipline concerned with those geologic processes that are influenced by water,” presumably meaning subsurface water. Hence, the material covered in this volume is broad, ranging from topics traditionally associated with hydrogeology, such as well hydraulics and regional flow system analysis, to more exotic subjects, such as geothermal resources and induced seismicity. As a result, only those with the most catholic interests will read all 23 papers.
Coherent polarimetric SAR measurements of dihedrals and trihedrals characterizing the propagation properties of a forest canopy

Summary form only given. The HP8753-based radar was used to perform measurements at 200-2000-MHz during the late summer and again in the fall of 1991. The radar, mounted 100 ft above the ground, overlooked a woodlot typical of the forested areas found throughout the central and northeastern USA. This includes such trees as black cherry, sugar maple, American elm, red oak, and bitternut hickory with an average canopy height of 60 ft. In the foreground was located a small 2-ft dihedral used to determine the calibration transfer function of the radar. This, in conjunction with antenna patterns and free space loss compensation, is sufficient to calibrate radar-cross-section measurement of down-range targets concealed in the forest. Located on the forest floor were numerous dihedrals and trihedrals ranging in size from 4 to 8 ft on edge, and the calibrated measurements of these targets provided the means to extract foliage propagation properties of the forest. >
Correlates of Psychosocial Development for Taiwanese Youth

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of parenting behavior, friendship support, collective value affiliation, and gender on psychosocial development with a sample of youth from urban and rural areas from Taiwan (N = 787). We first applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify patterns of psychosocial outcomes. Next, a series of pairwise equality tests and logistic regression revealed the individual and unique effect of each predictor. We identified two patterns of psychosocial outcomes and observed significant associations between predictors and psychosocial development based on class membership. These results suggest that among all predictors, parenting satisfaction and friendship support were particularly predictive in an enhanced psychosocial development status.
Modeling Cyclic Deformation of HSLA Steels Using Crystal Plasticity

High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, used in a wide variety of applications as structural components are subjected to cyclic loading during their service lives. Understanding the cyclic deformation behavior of HSLA steels is of importance, since it affects the fatigue life of components. This paper combines experiments with finite element based simulations to develop a crystal plasticity model for prediction of the cyclic deformation behavior of HSLA-50 steels. The experiments involve orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) for microstructural characterization and mechanical testing under uniaxial and stress-strain controlled cyclic loading. The computational models incorporate crystallographic orientation distributions from the OIM data. The crystal plasticity model for bcc materials uses a thermally activated energy theory for plastic flow, sell and latent hardening, kinematic hardening, as well as yield point phenomena. Material parameters are calibrated from experiments using a genetic algorithm based minimization process. The computational model is validated with experiments on stress and strain controlled cyclic loading. The effect of grain orientation distributions and overall loading conditions on the evolution of microstructural stresses and strains are investigated.
Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska

The last interglacial period is thought to be the last time global climate was signi"cantly warmer than present. New stratigraphic studies at Eva Creek, near Fairbanks, Alaska indicate a complex last interglacial record wherein periods of loess deposition alternated with periods of soil formation. The Eva Forest Bed appears to have formed about the time of or after deposition of the Old Crow tephra (dated to &160 to &120 ka), and is therefore correlated with the last interglacial period. Pollen, macrofossils, and soils from the Eva Forest Bed indicate that boreal forest was the dominant vegetation and precipitation may have been greater than present around Fairbanks during the peak of the last interglacial period. A new compilation of last interglacial localities indicates that boreal forest was extensive over interior Alaska and Yukon Territory. Boreal forest also extended beyond its present range onto the Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, and probably migrated to higher elevations, now occupied by tundra, in the interior. Comparison of last interglacial pollen and macrofossil data with atmospheric general circulation model results shows both agreement and disagreement. Model results of warmer-than-present summers are in agreement with fossil data. However, numerous localities with boreal forest records are in con#ict with model reconstructions of an extensive cool steppe in interior Alaska and much of Yukon Territory during the last interglacial. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Auditory recognition of idioms by native and nonnative speakers of English: It takes one to know one

The abilities of second language speakers to discriminate the prosodic contrasts between idiomatic and literal meanings of ambiguous sentences were investigated using utterances previously shown to be reliably identified by acoustic cues. Four listener groups of varying proficiency, native speakers of American English, native speakers of non-American English, fluent nonnative speakers of English, and advanced students of English as a second language (ESL), judged whether single and paired, tape-recorded, literal and idiomatic utterances were spoken with intended idiomatic or literal meanings. Both native speaker groups performed significantly better than fluent nonnatives, while ESL students performed at chance. These results lend support to the hypothesis that abilities to discriminate subtle prosodic contrasts are learned later than other components of speech and language.
Effects of nitric oxide and noradrenergic activation in the posterior hypothalamus on arterial pressure tolerance to nitroglycerin in rats.

The effects of nitric oxide (NO) and noradrenergic activation in the posterior hypothalamus on arterial pressure tolerance induced by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin (NTG) was investigated in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Intravenous injections of NTG (3, 10, and 30 µg/kg) and sodium nitroprusside (1, 3, and 10 µg/kg) produced dose-dependant decreases in arterial blood pressure. Tolerance to NTG was produced by subcutaneous administration of 4.0 mg of NTG as 4 separate hourly injections of 1.0 mg each, affecting the dose-dependent response of NTG IV injection. The 4 high-dose NTG pulse injections produced a marked shift in the dose—response curves for arterial pressure depression induced by intravenous injection of the challenge doses of NTG, but did not alter hypotensive responses to sodium nitroprusside. The tolerance responses to arterial pressure depression were enhanced by a bilateral microinjection of NTG (1 nmol) and by diethylamine NONOate (1 nmol), an NO donor, into the posterior hypo...
Characterization of cAMP degradation by phosphodiesterases in the accessory olfactory system

To characterize the potential role of cAMP in pheromone transduction, we have examined the occurrence of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the mouse vomeronasal organ (VNO). We show that the cAMP-specific isoforms PDE4A and PDE4D are found preferentially in the apical and basal layers, respectively, of the VNO neuroepithelium and in the rostral (PDE4A) and caudal (PDE4D) portions of the accessory olfactory bulb glomerular layer. Assays for cAMP hydrolysis showed that PDE activity in VNO homogenates was about half that measured in the cerebral cortex and olfactory epithelium, and the proportion of total activity inhibited by rolipram, a PDE4-specific inhibitor, was approximately 40%. Activity in the VNO was enhanced 60% by Ca(2+) and calmodulin (CaM), implicating the presence of Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent PDE1. Zaprinast, which is known to inhibit PDE1C isoforms, completely suppressed Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated activity and, together, zaprinast and rolipram inhibited cAMP hydrolysis by approximately 70%. Our results suggest that PDE1 and PDE4 isoforms are the primary source of cAMP degradation in the VNO.
Development of an autonomous guided vehicle for indoor propagation measurements

At Virginia Tech, an autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) has been developed for use in indoor propagation measurements and for a research/teaching tool in the Computer Integrated Manufacturing Laboratory. The AGV design strategy, navigation methodology, and a calibration technique used to minimize path errors caused by unequal wheel radii in dead-reckoning navigation are described. The basic geometry of dead-reckoning navigation is developed, with a particular emphasis on the use of a calibration run to yield exact wheel radii and steering correction factors for use in navigation. These techniques were used on an actual AGV, and measurements were taken under operating conditions to determine navigation accuracy. The major limitation in dead reckoning comes from improper estimates of wheel radii. This can be compensated for with a calibration run, but the tire radius may still change due to dynamic conditions such as redistribution of vehicle weight during cornering, and inexact manufacturing of the tires themselves. Measurements of vehicle position through use of calibrated dead reckoning show accurate vehicle position to within a few cm along a 10 m path. >
A multilevel inverter approach providing DC-link balancing, ride-through enhancement, and common-mode voltage elimination

This paper presents a simple control method for balancing the DC-link voltage of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverters, while providing enhanced ride-through and common-mode voltage (CMV) elimination. The method uses DC-DC power converter technology on the DC link for balancing and ride-through enhancement, and a modified pulsewidth-modulation switching algorithm for CMV elimination. Simulation and experimental results are supplied to confirm the validity of the proposed method, which includes full digital signal processor control.
Mechanically driven accumulation of microscale material at coupled solid–fluid interfaces in biological channels

The accumulation of microscale materials at solid–fluid interfaces in biological channels is often the initial stage of certain growth processes, which are present in some forms of atherosclerosis. The objective of this work is to develop a relatively simple model for such accumulation, which researchers can use to qualitatively guide their analyses. Specifically, the approach is to construct rate equations for the accumulation at the solid–fluid interface as a function of the intensity of the shear stress. The accumulation of material subsequently reduces the cross-sectional area of the channel until the fluid-induced shear stress at the solid–fluid interface reaches a critical value, which terminates the accumulation rate. Characteristics of the model are explored analytically and numerically.
Emotional Literacy for the iPod®Generation How Mobile Music Could Help in the Resolution of Conflict

Con"ict resolution scholars are increasingly revising an earlier skepticism about the place of emotions in mediation. This view portrayed the mediator’s role as focusing on the rational and verbal. A more holistic approach recognizes the signi !cance of emotions in forming judgments and their positive contribution to the resolution of con"ict. This article considers the potential of mobile music in accessing the emotional realm. Millions of consumers of music can no longer be regarded as passive recipients, as mobile music devices enable them to take control of their listening and create the soundtrack to all aspects of their lives. The article suggests possible ways to harness this phenomenon to develop emotional literacy, critical to con"ict resolution and described by Goleman as “the master aptitude.” 1
Dominance and deference in conversation

Nonhuman primates form status hierarchies that are established and maintained through exchanges of dominance and deference actions. Do similar mechanisms operate among humans, whose primary face-to-face interaction is through polite conversation? Three experiments address this question. In the first, dyads formed of a professor and a student are asked to converse so that styles of conversation can be compared. Here a person of established high status uses more dominant conversational signs than someone of low status. In the second experiment, dyads formed of two students are asked to converse and afterward to participate in a cooperative decision-making task. The dyad partner who uses more dominant actions in the conversation is also more influential in the decision task. In the third experiment, dyads formed of a student subject and a student confederate of the experimenter are asked to converse and afterward to participate in a decision-making task. The confederate speaks dominantly to half of the subjects and deferentially to the others. Subjects paired with the deferent-speaking confederate act the high-status conversational role that is thrust at them, but they accept the confederate's influence in the decision task. Subjects paired with the dominant-speaking confederate do not accept low status, but instead compete with the confederate. These experiments show that ordinary conversation is affected by status signalling in a manner consistent with the general primate pattern.
Numerical Solution of Hydrodynamic Free Boundary Problems

A generalized formulation of hydrodynamics as a system of conservation laws subject to a one-sided density constraint is used to solve a variety of hydrodynamic free surface problems. Consideration of the time derivative of the density constraint gives an alternative formulation in which an additional one-sided constraint on the divergence of the velocity appears. A corresponding numerical algorithm is presented, and benchmark calculations are compared with theoretical predictions. Also shown are profiles calculated for an evolving underwater bubble. Energy dissipation is introduced as a measure of turbulence and is used in analyzing the numerical results.
Improvement of Bioactive Compound Classification through Integration of Orthogonal Cell-Based Biosensing Methods

Lack of specificity for different classes of chemical and biological agents, and false positives and negatives, can limit the range of applications for cell-based biosensors. This study suggests that the integration of results from algal cells (Mesotaenium caldariorum) and fish chromatophores (Betta splendens) improves classification efficiency and detection reliability. Cells were challenged with paraquat, mercuric chloride, sodium arsenite and clonidine. The two detection systems were independently investigated for classification of the toxin set by performing discriminant analysis. The algal system correctly classified 72% of the bioactive compounds, whereas the fish chromatophore system correctly classified 68%. The combined classification efficiency was 95%. The algal sensor readout is based on fluorescence measurements of changes in the energy producing pathways of photosynthetic cells, whereas the response from fish chromatophores was quantified using optical density. Change in optical density reflects interference with the functioning of cellular signal transduction networks. Thus, algal cells and fish chromatophores respond to the challenge agents through sufficiently different mechanisms of action to be considered orthogonal.
Quantifying change in distributions: a new departure index that detects, measures and describes change in distributions from population structures, size-classes and other ordered data.

Many statistics are available to compare distributions. Some are limited to nominal data while others, such as skew, Kullback–Leibler, Kolmogorov–Smirnov and the Gini coefficient, are useful for providing information about ordered distributions. While many of these tests are useful for determining properties of data in histograms, there has not been a test until now that allows for the detection of differences between distributions, describes the difference and is sensitive to the location of the departures. Such a test could be critical for comparing pre-and post-event distributions, such as a change in the distribution of biomass due to fire, for example, or for comparing data from different locations, such as soil size distributions, and even for evaluating economic disparity or examining differences in age demographics. We present a new statistic, a departure index, which allows a test distribution to be compared with any reference distribution. The resulting index contains information about the location, magnitude and direction of departure from the reference distribution to the test distribution. The departure index in turn provides a standardized response range that allows for a comparison of results from different analyses. A case study of actual fire data demonstrates the sensitivity and range of the test.
Years, Months, and Days versus 1, 12, and 365: The Influence of Units versus Numbers

Quantitative changes may be conveyed to consumers using small units (e.g., change in delivery time from 7 to 21 days) or large units (1–3 weeks). Numerosity research suggests that changes are magnified by small (vs. large) units because a change from 7 to 21 (vs. 1–3) seems larger. We introduce a reverse effect that we term unitosity: changes are magnified by large (vs. small) units because a change of weeks (vs. days) seems larger. We show that numerosity reverses to unitosity when relative salience shifts from numbers to units (study 1). Then, arguing that numbers (units) represent a low-level (high-level) construal of quantities, we show this reversal when mind-set shifts from concrete to abstract (studies 2–4). These results emerge for several quantities—height of buildings, time of maturity of financial instruments, weight of nutrients, and length of tables—and have significant implications for theory and practice.
Circadian rhythms of acid and bicarbonate efflux in fasting rat stomach.

One model of gastric ulcerogenesis implicates a disruption of complementary circadian rhythms between protective and destructive factors. The purpose of this study was to compare circadian rhythms in gastric production of H+ and HCO3- in fasted rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were acclimatized in sound-attenuating, light-proof chambers for 3 wk on a 12:12-h light-dark schedule. Eighteen-hour fasted rats were studied at each of eight sampling times. After anesthesia, the stomachs were cannulated and filled with test solution. Thirty-minute gastric samples were titrated for H+ or assayed for HCO3-. Cosinor analysis of the data showed significant (P less than 0.05) circadian rhythms for both H+ and HCO3-. Peak times were 22:45 HALO (hours after lights on) (4:45 A.M.) for H+ and 05:41 HALO (11:41 A.M.) for HCO3-. These data demonstrate that H+ and HCO3- secretion in the fasting rat gastric lumen follow circadian rhythms with different peak times. Theoretically, this may result in circadian rhythmicity of relative mucosal vulnerability to injury.
A preliminary density estimate for Andean bear using camera-trapping methods

Abstract Andean (spectacled) bears (Tremarctos ornatus) are threatened across most of their range in the Andes. To date no field-based density estimations are available for this species. We present a preliminary estimate of the density of this species in the Greater Madidi Landscape using standard camera-trapping methods and capture–recapture analysis. We photographed 3 individually recognizable Andean bears in a 17.6 km2 study area spanning 4 adjacent high elevation humid Andean valleys during August–September 2004. Capture–recapture statistics estimated an abundance of 3 bears; plausible geographic buffers yielded density estimates of 4.4 or 6 bears/100 km2. We recommend that future camera-trapping studies on this species sample larger areas over longer periods and use 3 camera trap units at each station.
On Existence of Overtaking Optimal Trajectories Over an Infinite Time Horizon

The optimal control problem on an infinite horizon is considered in the case where there is no discounting. Under general convexity assumptions the existence of overtaking optimal and of weakly overtaking optimal trajectories is established. Convergence properties of optimal trajectories toward an optimal steady state are also proved.
Relationship between bridging with ventricular assist device on rejection after heart transplantation

Abstract Background Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are commonly used to bridge patients to heart transplantation. Recipients of VADs may develop anti-human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen antibodies, as reflected by elevated panel-reactive antibodies (PRA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bridging with VAD before heart transplantation and development of cellular rejection, humoral rejection, and allograft vasculopathy after transplantation. Methods Data on all patients who underwent cardiac transplantation between July 1994 and February 2001 at Rush Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included sex, age, etiology of cardiomyopathy, percentage panel reactive antibodies (by cytotoxic method), type and duration of mechanical circulatory support, transfusion history, rejection history (both cellular and humoral) after cardiac transplantation, and development of allograft vasculopathy. Cellular rejection was treated when International Society of Heart and Lung and Transplantation Grade 2 or greater in the first 12 months after transplant and Grade 3 or greater after 12 months and treated with intensification of immunosuppression. Humoral rejection was defined clinically as allograft dysfunction by echocardiography without evidence of cellular rejection on endomyocardial biopsy or allograft vasculopathy. Allograft vasculopathy was defined by presence of any degree of luminal narrowing or pruning of distal vessels by coronary arteriography. Statistical analyses were performed by chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test, as appropriate. Results Ninety-eight patients underwent cardiac transplantation during the study period (87 men, mean age 49 years, 46 ischemic etiology). Of these, 48 were bridged with HeartMate VAD (20 patients received vented electric device, 28 received pneumatic device). Nineteen percent of VAD patients had a peak pretransplant PRA ≥10% vs 2% of patients without VAD ( p = 0.014). PRA ≥10%, use of VAD, or duration of VAD support did not predict development of humoral rejection. Use of VAD did not predict development of cellular rejection or allograft vasculopathy. VAD use was not associated with sudden death after heart transplantation. In the entire group of 98 patients, neither humoral nor cellular rejection predicted development of allograft vasculopathy. Longer ischemic time correlated with increased cellular rejection and humoral rejection after transplantation ( p = 0.01). Conclusions Some patients bridged to cardiac transplantation with VADs have increased PRA before heart transplantation, but this does not appear to translate into increased risk of either humoral or cellular rejection after transplantation or development of allograft vasculopathy as detected by coronary angiography.
Zariski Density and Genericity

In this paper, we combine a number of results (some due to the author, some not) to show that Zariski density is, in a strong sense, a generic property of subgroups of SL(n, ℤ) and Sp(2n, ℤ). We also extend previous results of the author on generic properties of elements of the special linear and symplectic groups to generic elements in arbitrary Zariski-dense (as subgroups of the ambient complex algebraic group) subgroups of these groups. Jointly with Ilya Kapovich, we also show that a generic free group automorphism is hyperbolic.
Cohen-Macaulay Complexes

Let Δ be a finite simplicial complex (or complex for short) on the vertex set V = (x1,…,xn). Thus, Δ is a collection of subsets of V satisfying the two conditions: (i) (xi) e Δ for all xi e V, and (ii) if F e Δ and G ⊂ F, then G e Δ. There is a certain commutative ring AΔ which is closely associated with the combinatorial and topological properties of Δ. We will discuss this association in the special case when AΔ is a Cohen-Macaulay ring. Lack of space prevents us from giving most of the proofs and from commenting on a number of interesting sidelights. However, a greatly expanded version of this paper is being planned.
Wildlife conservation, labor supply and time values in rural Botswana

To improve wildlife conservation incentives in community-based natural resource management programs, a better understanding of rural communities' willingness to engage in wildlife conservation jobs is needed. We implement a discrete choice model explaining reservation wages for nine conservation jobs using contingent behavior data from rural Botswana residents. We present a model in which the conditional indirect utility function incorporates a more general value of time than has previously been used, and this specification outperforms the standard model. Sample estimates indicate that reservation wages are modestly higher for women than for men, and that residents have higher reservation wages for jobs requiring more exertion or involving more danger.
Predicted effect of selectively testing female donors for HLA antibodies to mitigate transfusion-related acute lung injury risk from apheresis platelets.

BACKGROUND The use of male-donor-predominant plasma has reduced the risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), but the possible benefit of different mitigation strategies for other components is unknown. We evaluated the risk of TRALI from apheresis platelets (PLTs) to predict the effect of selectively testing female plateletpheresis donors who have been pregnant for HLA antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The American Red Cross hemovigilance program classified TRALI cases from apheresis PLTs or red blood cells (RBCs) in 2006 to 2013 or from predominantly male-donor (>95%) plasma in 2008 to 2013 and compared the component-specific TRALI rates. RESULTS The overall rate of TRALI was significantly higher for apheresis PLTs (6.2 cases per 10(6) units; OR [95% CI], 3.3 [2.3-4.8]) or plasma (3.8 cases per 10(6) units; OR [95% CI], 2.0 [1.4-2.9]) compared to RBCs (1.9 per 10(6) units). Twenty-nine of the 41 apheresis PLT cases involved female donors; 28 had been pregnant, and one had not been pregnant and was not tested. Twenty-five (61%) of the apheresis PLT TRALI cases had female donors with HLA Class I or Class II antibodies. In five of six cases that implicated specific HNA antibodies, the female parous donors also had multiple HLA antibodies. CONCLUSIONS TRALI was more likely after transfusion of apheresis PLTs than male-donor-predominant plasma or RBCs. A selective strategy to test all female plateletpheresis donors who have been pregnant for HLA antibodies might reduce the risk of TRALI by approximately 60% and prevent some cases from coexisting HNA antibodies.
D203 Questioning the Virtual

The impact of visual media on our senses has been much discussed even in the area of the humanities. The use of internet technology turned virtual communication into an everyday experience. The rise of this new medium and its comparison with the old hard-copy literary media opened up interesting approaches to the construction of our sense of reality. By briefly introducing influential media thinkers such asLandow, Kittler, Manovich, and Levy, my paper will discuss how the new media has transposed the meaning of the virtual reality and our understanding of reality in art.
Psychometric Evaluation of Data from the Race-Related Events Scale.

Using exploratory factor analysis, we examined the factor structure of data collected from the Race-Related Events Scale, which assesses perceived exposure to race-related stress. Our sample (N = 2...
3G-oriented Business and Operation Support System for 3G

The diversity of 3G services, the rapid development of new services and the big number of entities on the value chain will be the new challenges to the construction of 3G networks. The solution is to build a new Business and Operation Support System (BOSS). Customers' requirements for 3G services would be diversified. Therefore, the BOSS for 3G systems should integrate existing Business Support Systems (BSS) and Operation Support Systems (OSS). It is also recommended to improve Customer Relationship Management (CRM), to match the life cycle of data, information and services. In addition, its standardization should be gradually implemented.
Time matters: A systemwide initiative to improve timely patient navigation through medical oncology and infusion in a comprehensive cancer center.

e17517 Background: In 2012, Norris Cotton Cancer Center in Lebanon, NH, embarked on a multi-year system-wide improvement process to address poor and inconsistent performance in infusion, clinic, an...
Cheerleading and Cynicism of Effective Mentoring in Current Empirical Research.

This article presents the results of a review of current empirical research of effective practices in teacher mentoring. Compiling literature published since 2000 in peer-reviewed journals, we examine arguments for mentoring practices to improve teacher candidate and novice teacher experiences and skills. The emergent “effective” mentoring practices can be grouped into these categories: (a) critical reflection and feedback, (b) modeling, (c) collaboration, and (d) knowledge about the needs of novice teachers. We consider these practices in light of larger arguments made in the literature about mentoring, including the purposes of mentoring and the qualities and professional development of mentors, and situated in our professional roles in teacher education. Finally, we argue the literature does not provide evidence to support mentoring of any sort, and how future research can address that lack of evidence and the divergent perspectives on effective mentoring practices.
Luba Golburt, The first epoch: the eighteenth century and the Russian cultural imagination

In The First Epoch, Luba Golburt probes the paradox of “a century that was continually being resurrected in order to be pronounced dead” (4), “an age that [was] uniquely both supremely significant ...
A Technique for Measurement of Strontium-89 in a Dose Calibrator

Objective: Strontium-89 (Metastron®, Medi-Physics Inc., Arlington Heights, IL) has recently received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval as a therapeutic agent for relief of bone pain in patients with painful skeletal metastases. However, there are no calibration settings specified for measurement of 89Sr in a dose calibrator. Methods: Our institution developed a technique to determine the correct dose calibrator setting for measurement of 89Sr both in the vial, as received from the manufacturer, and in the syringe for patient administration. The labeled activity in the 89Sr vial was initially decay-corrected to the current date and time. The vial was then placed in a dose calibrator (CRC®-12, Capintec, Inc., Ramsey, NJ), and the potentiometer was adjusted until the displayed activity and the calculated activity were the same (after the displayed reading was multiplied by a conversion factor of 100). This technique was then repeated using another Capintec dose calibrator. The same procedure was applied to the 89Sr measurement in the syringe. The amount of 89Sr activity withdrawn into the 6-ml syringe was determined by subtracting the residual activity contained in the vial (using the same dial setting for the vial) from the original vial activity. Results: The calibration settings obtained for 89Sr measurement in a vial or syringe were very similar on both dose calibrators. Conclusion: This technique may be useful to others who wish to determine dose calibrator settings for measurement of 89Sr.
Communicating Love A Sociocultural Perspective

When communicating love, what is the right thing to do or say, when, where, by whom, and to whom? This chapter focuses on how love is expressed across culture and time. Following a review of definitions of love (including the questions of prototypicality, universality, and social construction), the chapter details historical and contemporary practices, in particular communication variables (such as mode, context, and gender), cultural dimensions, and recent changes in the use of verbal love expression in a number of cultures. The chapter concludes by grounding the prevailing understandings of love within the dialectics of expression versus restraint, autonomy versus unity, and role versus personal.
Predicting Behavioral Career Commitment of College Students With Attachment and Separation Relationships

This study compares the behavioral and attitudinal career commitment of college students, then examines the influences of parental attachment and separation on career commitment. Undergraduates (N = 195) from 3 academic programs were surveyed: a combined degree program that accepts students simultaneously into bachelor's and medical programs, premedical curriculum alone, and general university enrollment. Behavioral career commitment (enrollment in one of the aforementioned programs) correlated with attitudinal commitment for the combined degree and general enrollment groups. Greater attachment to father and less separation from parents were associated with lower career commitment for men. Attachment and separation did not predict career commitment for women.
FGF21 Mediates the Thermogenic and Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Dietary Methionine Restriction but Not Its Effects on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism.

Dietary methionine restriction (MR) produces a rapid and persistent remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT), an increase in energy expenditure (EE), and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Recent work established that hepatic expression of FGF21 is robustly increased by MR. Fgf21−/− mice were used to test whether FGF21 is an essential mediator of the physiological effects of dietary MR. The MR-induced increase in energy intake and EE and activation of thermogenesis in WAT and brown adipose tissue were lost in Fgf21−/− mice. However, dietary MR produced a comparable reduction in body weight and adiposity in both genotypes because of a negative effect of MR on energy intake in Fgf21−/− mice. Despite the similar loss in weight, dietary MR produced a more significant increase in in vivo insulin sensitivity in wild-type than in Fgf21−/− mice, particularly in heart and inguinal WAT. In contrast, the ability of MR to regulate lipogenic and integrated stress response genes in liver was not compromised in Fgf21−/− mice. Collectively, these findings illustrate that FGF21 is a critical mediator of the effects of dietary MR on EE, remodeling of WAT, and increased insulin sensitivity but not of its effects on hepatic gene expression.