cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of Octahedral Tilts and Magnetic Properties of Perovskite Oxide Heterostructures by Substrate Symmetry

Perovskite transition-metal oxides are networks of corner-sharing octahedra whose tilts and distortions are known to affect their electronic and magnetic properties. We report calculations on a model interfacial structure which avoids chemical influences and show that the symmetry mismatch imposes an interfacial layer with distortion modes that do not exist in either bulk material, creating new interface properties driven by symmetry alone. Depending on the resistance of the octahedra to deformation, the interface layer can be as small as one unit cell or extend deep into the thin film.
Effects of hydrogen in titanium aluminide alloys

Abstract Hydrogen effects in titanium aluminide alloys are now beginning to be understood. It is established that large amounts of hydrogen are readily absorbed at high temperature in titanium aluminides and, on cooling to room temperature, virtually all this hydrogen is precipitated as a hydride phase or phases. The hydrides affect mechanical properties much as in other hydride-forming materials. Extensive data on these effects now exist for both α2 and γ alloys. It is also now known that microstructure plays an important role in the severity of hydrogen effects in these alloys. Micromechanisms of both deformation and fracture, taking into account the effects of hydrogen, are beginning to be described, and have been compared with experiment.
Minimal increase in gut-mucosal interleukin-6 during laparoscopy.

Background: The gut clearly plays a significant role in postoperative recovery. Other investigators have shown an increase in gut-mucosal cytokines in septicemia and burn models. We tested the effects of laparotomy and laparoscopy on gut-mucosal IL-6 production.
Utilization of Hospital-Based Chaplain Services Among Newly Diagnosed Male Veterans Affairs Colorectal Cancer Patients

The aim of the study was to examine utilization of chaplain services among Veterans Affairs patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In 2009, the Cancer Care Assessment and Responsive Evaluation Studies questionnaire was mailed to VA CRC patients diagnosed in 2008 (67 % response rate). Multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with chaplain utilization. Of 918 male respondents, 36 % reported utilizing chaplains. Chaplain services were more likely to be utilized by patients with higher pain levels (OR = 1.017; 95 % CI = 0.999–1.035), younger age (age OR = 0.979; 95 % CI = 0.964–0.996), and later cancer stage (early stage OR = 0.743; 95 % CI = 0.559–0.985). Chaplain services are most utilized by younger, sicker patients.
MK-801 prevents the development of behavioral sensitization during repeated morphine administration.

Acute administration of morphine (10 mg/kg) to rats elicited an increase in locomotion that became sensitized upon repeated treatment over 14 days. Administration of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonist MK-801 (0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg) prior to each morphine injection prevented the development of behavioral sensitization to morphine, an effect that persisted even after a 7-day withdrawal from repeated treatment. Sensitization was also prevented by coadministration of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGS 19755 (10 mg/kg). In contrast, acute pretreatment with MK-801 did not alter the response of sensitized rats to morphine challenge, indicating that MK-801 does not prevent the expression of sensitization. When administered alone, MK-801 produced stereotyped movements at moderate doses (0.25 rng/kg) and horizontal locomotion at higher- doses, (0.5 mg/kg). Repeated administration of 0.25 mg/kg MK-801 elicited sensitization to its own locomotor stimulatory effects, such that this dose became capable of eliciting horizontal locomotion. Sensitization was not seen during repeated administration of 0.1 mg/kg MK-801 or 10 mg/kg CGS 19755, although both of these pretreatments did produce a sensitized response to subsequent challenge with 0.25 mg/kg MK-801. This effect was enhanced by coadministration of morphine, even though repeated administration of morphine alone failed to sensitize rats to MK-801 challenge. These results suggest a complex interplay between NMDA and opioid receptors, such that NMDA antagonists prevent morphine sensitization while morphine enhances the ability of NMDA antagonists to elicit sensitization to their own locomotor stimulatory effects. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Endothelial progenitor cells: reporting for duty

Comment on Ingram et al, page [2752][1] Clonogenic assays define a new hierarchy among endothelial progenitor cells. T he classical view of stem cell differentiation is a hierarchical model that starts with a primitive stem cell at the top, giving rise to a proliferating progenitor pool from
Coping resources and self-perceived well-being of college students who report a parental drinking problem.

Abstract Nine hundred eighty undergraduates from a major university completed a questionnaire designed to collect data on the associations between parental drinking and the students' coping resources and well-being. Three groups were identified: those with a parental alcohol problem (DP+), those with no problem (DP-), and those who were unsure. Discriminant analysis revealed similarities between the DP+ and unsure participants on the response variables. The coping resource scores of the DP- group were significantly higher than the scores of the DP+ and unsure groups. The unsure group had the lowest mean scores on the total coping resources inventory and on the Cognitive, Emotional, and Spiritual and Philosophical subscales. The DP+ group had significantly lower scores than the DP- group on the Cognitive, Spiritual and Philosophical, and Physical scales. Although DP+ students' perception of well-being was significantly lower than that of their DP- peers, the entire sample was reasonably healthy, as measure...
Review: limited evidence suggests that statins are safe in patients with liver disease.

Source Citation Onofrei MD, Butler KL, Fuke DC, Miller HB. Safety of statin therapy in patients with preexisting liver disease. Pharmacotherapy. 2008;28:522-9. 18363535
Characterizing ozone production in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area: a case study using a chemical transport model

Abstract. An episodic simulation is conducted to characterize midday (12:00–17:00 CDT) ozone (O3) photochemical production and to investigate its sensitivity to emission changes of ozone precursors in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during an "O3-South" meteorological episode using the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx). High Ox (O3+NO2) photochemical production rates of 10–80 ppb/h are predicted due to the high reactivity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in which alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics exert comparable contributions. The predicted ozone production efficiency is between 4–10 O3 molecules per NOx molecule oxidized, and increases with VOC-to-NO2 reactivity ratio. Process apportionment analyses indicate significant outflow of pollutants such as O3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) from the urban area to the surrounding regional environment. PAN is not in chemical-thermal equilibrium during the photochemically active periods. Sensitivity studies of O3 production suggest that O3 formation in the MCMA urban region with less chemical aging (NOz/NOy
Maximum likelihood 3D reconstruction of multiple viruses from mixtures of cryo electron microscope images

A statistical model for cryo electron microscopy image formation, a maximum likelihood 3-D reconstruction algorithm, and a parallel computer implementation of the algorithm are described. The essential character of this reconstruction problem is that it concerns 2-D projections of a 3-D object where the projection orientations are unknown and the 2-D projections have SNR less than 1. A key component of a variety of algorithms is integration over projection orientation. A fast algorithm is described for performing such integrations.
A four-sensor hot-wire probe system for three-component velocity measurement

A velocity measurement system based on a miniature four-sensor hot-wire probe capable of simultaneous three-component measurements throughout a wide range of flow angles has been developed. The calibration technique allows measurements to be made throughout the acceptance cone of the probe without being restricted by the errors associated with analytic angle response equations. This technique is based upon look-up tables with values which tend to vary slowly, allowing a simple interpolation scheme to be used. Measurements made in a turbulent pipe flow verify the accuracy of the technique.
Apprenticeship Carolina™: Building a 21st Century Workforce through Statewide Collaboration

Apprenticeship Carolina™ is a new division of the South Carolina Technical College System that has increased employer use of registered apprenticeship by 123% since July 2007. The initiative's success spans multiple industry clusters and is built through statewide collaborations that include public-private, state-local, and state-federal partnerships.
Indole, the aromatic element of tryptophan, as a pi-donor and amphiphilic headgroup

Abstract Indole, the aromatic sidechain element of tryptophan, may play many biological roles. It may serve as an anchor or organizing element, a hydrogen bond donor, or a Lewis basic donor in the cation–pi sense to alkali metal or ammonium cations. Organic chemistry has been used to develop model systems that probe these interactions and give experimental data concerning their importance.
Local Version of the Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem for Vector Fields

Abstract A local relation is derived which, when intergrated over all space, gives a formula for the number of zero modes of a vector field interacting with an instanton.
WELFARE AND TRADE EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS

This paper investigates the welfare implications of deficiency payment programmes for large, open economies. Illustrative calculations of the welfare effects of such programmes for the U.S. wheat market are made for 1978 and 1981.
Permuiation tesis for k-sample binomial data with comparisons of exact and approximate P-levels

Exact ksample permutation tests for binary data for three commonly encountered hypotheses tests are presented,, The tests are derived both under the population and randomization models . The generating function for the number of cases in the null distribution is obtained, The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are derived . Actual significance levels are computed for the asymptotic test versions , Random sampling of the null distribution is suggested as a superior alternative to the asymptotics and an efficient computer technique for implementing the random sampling is described., finally, some numerical examples are presented and sample size guidelines given for computer implementation of the exact tests.
Cationic oligomerization of isopropyloxirane

Abstract The structures of isopropyloxirane (IO) oligomer prepared with a cationic initiator and poly-IO prepared by coordination polymerization were investigated by 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy. The spectra are consistent with non-rearranged polymeric structural units. This is related to the nature of the bridged propagating oxonium ion intermediate in the cationic oligomerization.
Biomarkers for Detecting and Risk-Stratifying Chronic Kidney Disease

tive. At this time, the real value of whole-genome sequencing will be for unusual cases like this one, or for AML patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetic studies, for whom the decision to transplant in first remission is now being honed by an ever more complex clinical diagnostic testing algorithm. Whole-genome sequencing may well play a role in the care of these patients in the near future. Lo-Coco and Sanz also suggest that PML antibody staining could have been used as an alternative diagnostic tool for suspected APL. Although this study could be helpful in selected cases, it is not generally available in the United States as a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments– approved diagnostic test. Further, it would not have resolved the molecular mechanism causing APL in a patient without a detectable t(15;17). Only whole-genome sequencing allowed us to define the precise structure of the genomic event that created the patient’s insertional PML-RARA fusion. The identification of this insertional fusion has allowed for the generation of new fluorescence in situ hybridization probes that will aid in the diagnosis of unusual APL cases like this one in the future.
RNA interference takes flight: a new RNAi screen reveals cell cycle regulators in Drosophila cells.

In a new study, a systematic screen for genes necessary for normal cell cycle progression has been completed in Drosophila S2 cells. The results: some familiar faces and some new faces add to our appreciation of the staggering complexity of cellular growth and proliferation. The apparent utility of genome-wide RNA interference screens is validated once again.
How Type of Excuse Defense, Mock Juror Age, and Defendant Age Affect Mock Jurors' Decisions

The authors investigated the effects of mock juror age (younger vs. older), defendant age (22 vs. 65), and type of excuse defense used by defendants (a highly self-inflicted condition, Cocaine Dependency Disorder, vs. a less self-inflicted condition, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) on mock juror decisions. Ninety-six younger and 96 older adults read a scenario and answered a questionnaire. Results indicated that the defendant using the highly self-inflicted excuse was more likely to receive a guilty verdict and a longer sentence than was the defendant using the less self-inflicted excuse. Older jurors were more certain of their verdicts and saw the defendant as more responsible for his condition than did younger jurors. Defendant age did not affect juror decisions. In addition, excuse type and juror age affected the jurors' perceptions of the victim's responsibility for the attack. The authors discuss the potential influence of juror age on perceptions of defendant responsibility.
Traditional and Institutional Medicine in Ottoman Damascus

Traditional medicine in the first three centuries of Ottoman rule in Damascus was practiced by local doctors who studied medicine, in addition to other Islamic studies, with their fathers or with others. It also included visitations to spiritual healers and shrines. Time-honoured procedures, such as cupping and the use of leeches, were also practiced. Biographical dictionaries, a major source for traditional medicine, mentioned only Muslim doctors, whereas the Islamic court records at the time mentioned Christian doctors. A turning point occurred in the nineteenth century when the state took over the initiative in establishing institutional medicine, as happened under Egyptian rule in Syria in the 1830s when a hospital was built and quarantine was introduced. The peak occurred under Sultan Abdulhamid II who ordered the building of a hospital in Damascus in 1899 and the establishment of a medical school in 1903.
SMALL-POLARON FORMATION AND MOTION IN MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

The fundamental physical processes associated with small-polaron formation are described with various magnetic semi-conductors being cited as examples. Attention is then directed toward the mechanisms of charge transfer and small-polaron hopping motion in magnetic semiconductors.
Magnetic Field Depreciation of a Kondo System

The electrical resistance of the Kondo system ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{95}$${\mathrm{Au}}_{5}$-Fe, similar to Cu-Fe, has been measured in magnetic fields to 50 kG in the temperature range 0.4-100 K. The presence of the gold constituent reduces the normal magnetoresistance effects to negligible values, and field depreciation of the Kondo state can be accurately determined. The effects of magnetic field in this respect are much larger than the earlier results by Monod would indicate.
Inhaled carbon monoxide inhibits intimal hyperplasia and provides added benefit with nitric oxide

Objective Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) have both been shown to possess vasoprotective properties. NO has successfully inhibited intimal hyperplasia in both small-animal and large-animal experimental models, whereas CO has only been studied in rodents. Evidence suggests that these two molecules may exert their vascular effects through common as well as unique signaling pathways. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a low concentration of inhaled CO on intimal hyperplasia in a large-animal model and if CO and NO treatment could exert a synergistic effect to inhibit this process. Methods Balloon angioplasty was performed in a porcine model. Animals received inhaled CO (250 ppm) delivered preoperatively for 60 minutes or preoperatively and intraoperatively. Blood was collected for carboxyhemoglobin (COHgb) measurements at the start of the operation and every 30 minutes during the operation. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored throughout. To study the effect of combined CO and NO treatment, another group of pigs received inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene transfer in one iliac artery and control gene transfer (AdlacZ) in the contralateral iliac artery, with or without preoperative and intraoperative inhaled CO. Adenoviral infection was performed immediately after balloon injury. All animals were euthanized at 3 weeks, and iliac arteries were collected for histologic and morphometric analysis. Results One hour of pretreatment with CO was associated with modest and transient elevations in COHgb levels, resulting in a 25.6% reduction in neointimal area and a 10% reduction in intimal area/medial area ratio (I/M) 3 weeks after injury (NS). In contrast, preoperative followed by intraoperative CO administration increased COHgb in a sustained fashion and inhibited neointima formation by 51.7% and I/M by 31% (P Conclusions CO is an effective means of reducing intimal hyperplasia in large animals after vascular injury when delivered during the operative procedure. No toxicity was associated with the increase in COHgb. The combination of CO and NO provided additional protection against the vascular injury response, with a greater reduction in neointima formation. These data suggest that these agents may prove to be clinically beneficial in prolonging vascular patency after interventions.
The Prevalence of DSM-IV Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Youth with Asthma Compared with Controls

Abstract Purpose To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth with asthma compared with a control sample of youth and to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with having one or more anxiety/depressive disorders among youth with asthma. Methods A telephone interview was offered to all youth aged 11–17 years with asthma (N = 781) and a random sample of similar aged controls (N = 598) enrolled in a Health Maintenance Organization. The C-DISC-4.0 was used to diagnose anxiety and depressive disorders and reliable and valid questionnaires were used to assess severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Automated diagnostic, pharmacy and health use data were used to measure asthma treatment intensity, asthma severity and nonasthmatic medical comorbidity. One parent was interviewed to assess sociodemographic variables, child/adolescent psychiatric symptoms and to confirm the asthma diagnosis. Results In all, 16.3% of youth with asthma compared with 8.6% of youth without asthma met DSM-IV criteria for one or more anxiety and depressive disorders (OR = 1.92, 95% CI=1.13–3.28). Independent factors associated with a significantly higher likelihood of meeting criteria for one or more anxiety or depressive disorders included female gender [OR = 1.96 (95% CI=1.27, 3.03)], living in a single-parent household, [OR = 1.96 (95% CI=1.26, 3.07)], more parent-reported externalizing behaviors [OR = 1.03 (95% CI=1.01, 1.05)], more recent diagnosis of asthma [OR = 0.94 (95% CI=0.89, 0.98)], and more impairment on the asthma physical health scale [OR = 0.95 (95% CI=0.94, 0.96)]. Conclusions Youth with asthma have an almost twofold higher prevalence of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety and depressive disorders compared with control youth. Clinical factors associated with meeting criteria for one or more anxiety and depressive included more recent asthma diagnosis, more impairment on the asthma physical health scale, and increased externalizing behaviors.
Experimental investigation of the effect of condenser subcooling in R134a and R1234yf air-conditioning systems with and without internal heat exchanger

This paper presents an experimental study about the effect of condenser subcooling on the performance of an air conditioning system operating with R134a and R1234yf, under the same operating conditions. For both refrigerants, it has been shown that the COP undergoes a maximum as a consequence of the trade-off between increasing refrigerating effect and increasing specific compression work. At a given operating condition, the system COP increased up to 18% for R1234yf and 9% for R134a. These results confirmed the trends obtained from a previous theoretical analysis, demonstrating that a system operating with R1234yf can benefit more from the condenser subcooling than that with R134a. The experimental results also showed that the presence of an internal heat exchanger significantly reduces the COP increase due to condenser subcooling, since both improvements compete towards reducing the throttling losses. Besides the interference between IHX and condenser subcooling, the use of both simultaneously still yields a more efficient air conditioning system, especially for R1234yf.
Properties of a multifacility location problem involving euclidian distances

This paper considers a problem of locating new facilities in the plane with respect to existing facilities, the locations of which are known. The problem consists of finding locations of new facilities which will minimize a total cost function which consists of a sum of costs directly proportional to the Euclidian distances among the new facilities, and costs directly proportional to the Euclidian distances between new and existing facilities. It is established that the total cost function has a minimum; necessary conditions for a mimumum are obtained; necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the function to be strictly convex (it is always convex); when the problem is “well structured,” it is established that for a minimum cost solution the locations of the new facilities will lie in the convex hull of the locations of the existing facilities. Also, a dual to the problem is obtained and interpreted; necessary and sufficient conditions for optimum solutions to the problem, and to its dual, are developed, as well as complementary slackness conditions. Many of the properties to be presented are motivated by, based on, and extend the results of Kuhn's study of the location problem known as the General Fermat Problem.
Making the Public Count: A Comparative Case Study of Emergent Information Technology‐Based Publics

This essay summarizes a case study of the formation of two specific information technology-based publics: Time Warner's advanced interactive cable system and Internet web sites and the Capital Region Information Service of New York (CRISNY), a community freenet meant to serve the Albany metropolitan area. By using the public as a lens to analyze the social networks that constitute specific systems integral to the shaping of everyday life and attendant informal and formal political institutions, critical choices and alternatives can be identified by framing questions of communication in terms of political culture. Drawing upon approaches from science and technology studies, cultural studies, and communication studies, this project is a comparative analysis of publics situated in and emergent from advanced interactive computer-communication technologies.
Zirconocene-Mediated Preparation of 1,3-, 1,4-, and 2,3-Dibora-1,3-butadienes: Their Isolation and Characterization and Use in Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling

Hydrozirconation of 1-alkynyl pinacolboronates, 1, with HZrCp2Cl provides gem-borazirconocenes 2. The latter when treated with CuBr gives the homocoupled (1E,3E)-2,3-dibora-1,3-butadienes, 3, in good yield (62−67%). The reaction works even for hindered 2 (R = t-Bu). Structure 3 was assigned on the basis of NMR. Suzuki−Miyaura coupling of 3a (R = n-Bu) with PhI in the presence of CsF leads to the replacement of both boron groups by phenyl and hydrogen to give 6 in 76% yield. Zirconocene-mediated coupling of 1 leads to diastereomeric products: (1E,3E)-1,3-dibora-1,3-butadienes, 4, in 7−26% isolated yields and (1E,3E)-1,4-dibora-1,3-butadienes, 5, in 17−34% isolated yields. The two isomers can be separated by selective precipitation of 5 from the reaction mixture in pentane (−20 °C) followed by silica gel chromatography to give pure 4. The reaction does not work when R in 1 is the t-Bu group. Assignments of structures for 4 and 5 were done on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. In addition, a single-cry...
Mass Media, Youth, and the Prevention of Substance Abuse: Towards an Integrated Approach.

Abstract Drug use rates among adolescents have declined in recent years but remain at high levels. This trend offers an excellent opportunity for reinforcing prevention efforts that focus on the context and conditions of use. Such an endeavor requires significant rethinking of the prevention process itself. This paper presents a series of principles which foster an integrated approach to prevention, and places the role of mass communications in that framework. Television programming, advertising, and mass media campaigns can all be used in an effort to change the message environment in which individuals behave.
Promotion and Market Share in the Proton Pump Inhibitor Market: A Case Study

ABSTRACTThis case study of the proton pump inhibitor market examines prescription volume, promotional spending, and their interrelatedness between the years 2000 and 2004. Our results show that share of voice and share of market are strongly correlated (r2 values from 0.79 to 0.91) and that the temporal relationship is clear: share of market follows share of voice. Exogenous market factors such as generic entry and over-the-counter entry disrupt the relationship between share of market and share of voice and influence the decision to advertise. For example, generic entry increased pantoprazole (Protonix®) advertising (p < 0.05) while over-the-counter availability decreased rabeprazole (Aciphex®) and pantoprazole advertising (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). In comparing the different promotional media, direct-to-consumer advertising did not statistically significantly increase prescription volume, but physician-directed advertising was related to an additional 43,662 prescriptions for every 1% increa...
Generating uniformly distributed random latin squares

By simulating an ergodic Markov chain whose stationary distribution is uniform over the space of n × n Latin squares, we can obtain squares that are (approximately) uniformly distributed; we offer two such chains. The central issue is the construction of “moves” that connect the squares. Our first approach uses the fact that an n × n Latin square is equivalent to an n × n × n contingency table in which each line sum equals 1. We relax the nonnegativity condition on the table's cells, allowing “improper” tables that have a single—1-cell. A simple set of moves connects this expanded space of tables [the diameter of the associated graph is bounded by 2(n − 1)3], and suggests a Markov chain whose subchain of proper tables has the desired uniform stationary distribution (with an average of approximately n steps between proper tables). By grouping these moves appropriately, we derive a class of moves that stay within the space of proper Latin squares [with graph diameter bounded by 4(n − 1)2]; these may also be used to form a suitable Markov chain. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Field philosophy: dualism to complexity through the borderland

For 5 years, we have taught an interdisciplinary experiential environmental philosophy—field philosophy—course in Isle Royale National Park. We crafted this class with a pedagogy and curriculum guided by the ethic of care (Goralnik et al. in J Experiential Education 35(3):412–428, 2012) and a Leopold-derived community-focused environmental ethic (Goralnik and Nelson in J Environ Educ 42(3):181–192, 2011) to understand whether and how wilderness experience might impact the widening of students’ moral communities. But we found that student pre-course writing already revealed a preference for nonanthropocentric and nonutilitarian ethics, albeit with a naive understanding that enabled contradictions and confusion about how these perspectives might align with action. By the end of the course, though, we recognized a recurrent pattern of learning and moral development that provides insight into the development of morally inclusive environmental ethics. Rather than shift from a utilitarian or anthropocentric ethic to a more biocentric or ecocentric ethic, students instead demonstrated a metaphysical shift from a worldview dominated by dualistic thinking to a more complex awareness of motivations, actions, issues, and natural systems. The consistent occurrence of this preethical growth, observed in student writing and resulting from environmental humanities field learning, demonstrates a possible path to ecologically informed holistic environmental ethics.
Assessment of solid sorbents as a competitive post-combustion CO2 capture technology

Abstract Solid sorbents are believed to be a promising early-stage technology for achieving more cost-effective capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, especially coal-fired power plants. To better assess the potential advantages of solid sorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture, this paper presents preliminary results of an analysis of two representative sorbents in an integrated model for estimating plant-level performance and costs for a new, supercritical pulverized coal (PC) power plant. A probabilistic comparison is then made between two solid sorbents and a commercial amine-based liquid solvent system. Our results show that for a 90% CO2 removal efficiency, the solid sorbent provides an expected net plant efficiency of 32% (higher heating value basis) for a metal-organic framework solid and 29% efficiency for a solid amine-based sorbent, versus 28% net efficiency with a liquid amine- based system using the same reference plant assumptions. Cost estimates for solid sorbent systems, however, remain highly uncertain at this time, mainly because of large uncertainties in capital cost estimates.
Damage control resuscitation

Treatment of active hemorrhage, hemorrhagic shock, and prevention of re-bleeding is the name of your game in combat trauma. There are two big killers on the battlefield: severe brain injury and hemorrhage. You can’t do a lot about the former, but through preparation and attention to detail you can significantly impact the latter. Assume every injured patient you receive has active bleeding until proven otherwise. Look at your watch when the patient arrives, and keep that ticking clock in mind during your initial trauma evaluation and resuscitation. The whole philosophy of damage control resuscitation (DCR) can be summarized by the observation that “Patients bleed warm whole blood, not just red cells. Therefore we should replace this with warm whole blood or the equivalent, not cold and coagulopathic packed red blood cells, starting from minute one of the resuscitation.”
Novel Sensor Fabrication Using Direct-Write Thermal Spray and Precision Laser Micromachining

This work presents a direct-write technique for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of sensors onto structural and functional components for many diverse applications. The technique combines thermal spray (an additive process), which produces blanket depositions of films and coatings, with ultrafast laser micromachining (a subtractive process) to produce functional sensors. Microheaters and strain gauges have been successfully fabricated in this work to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed technique. Electrical and thermal characterization of the sensors is also performed. With minor modifications to the pattern design and processing procedures, additional sensing structures and electronic components, for example, precision resistors and interdigitated capacitors, can be fabricated using the presented technique.
Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone:Part I

Abstract This book is about the Arduino microcontroller and the Arduino concept. The visionary Arduino team of Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis launched a new innovation in microcontroller hardware in 2005, the concept of open source hardware. Their approach was to openly share details of microcontroller-based hardware design platforms to stimulate the sharing of ideas and promote innovation. This concept has been popular in the software world for many years. This book is intended for a wide variety of audiences including students of the fine arts, middle and senior high school students, engineering design students, and practicing scientists and engineers. To meet this wide audience, the book has been divided into sections to satisfy the need of each reader. The book contains many software and hardware examples to assist the reader in developing a wide variety of systems. For the examples, the Arduino Duemilanove and the Atmel ATmega328 is employed as the targ...
The postsubicular cortex in the rat: characterization of the fourth region of the subicular cortex and its connections.

Abstract The hippocampal formation contributes importantly to many cognitive functions, and therefore has been a focus of intense anatomical and physiological research. Most of this research has focused on the hippocampus proper and the fascia dentata, and much less attention has been given to the subicular cortex, the origin of most extrinsic projections from the hippocampal formation. The present experiments demonstrate that the postsubiculum is a distinct area of the subicular cortex. The major projections to the postsubiculum originate in the hippocampal formation, the cingulate cortex, and the thalamus (primarily from the anterodorsal (AD) nucleus and to a lesser extent from the anteroventral (AV) and lateral dorsal (LD) nuclei). These projections differ from the thalamic projections to presubiculum and parasubiculum. Efferent projections from the postsubiculum terminate in both cortical and subcortical areas. The cortical projections terminate in the subicular and retrosplenial cortices and in the caudal lateral entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. Subcortical projections primary end in the AD and the LD nuclei of the thalamus. These thalamic projections end in areas that are distinct from those to which the presubiculum and parasubiculum project. For instance, the postsubiculum has a dense terminal field in the AD nucleus, but presubicular axons terminate predominantly in the AV nucleus. The cortical projections also distinguish postsubiculum. All subicular areas project to the entorhinal cortex, but the postsubicular projection ends in the deep layers (i.e. IV-VI), whereas presubiculum projects to layers I and III, and parasubiculum projects to layer II. Postsubiculum projects to retrosplenial granular b cortex and only incidentally to retrosplenial granular a cortex. In contrast presubiculum projects to the retrosplenial granular a cortex but not to the retrosplenial granular b cortex. These differences clearly mark the postsubiculum, the presubiculum, and the parasubiculum as distinct regions within the subicular cortex and suggest that they subserve different roles in the processing and integration of limbic system information.
Extra Dimensions: 3D and Time in PDF Documentation

High energy physics is replete with multi-dimensional information which is often poorly represented by the two dimensions of presentation slides and print media. Past efforts to disseminate such information to a wider audience have failed for a number of reasons, including a lack of standards which are easy to implement and have broad support. Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF) has in recent years become the de facto standard for secure, dependable electronic information exchange. It has done so by creating an open format, providing support for multiple platforms and being reliable and extensible. By providing support for the ECMA standard Universal 3D (U3D) file format in its free Adobe Reader software, Adobe has made it easy to distribute and interact with 3D content. By providing support for scripting and animation, temporal data can also be easily distributed to a wide audience. In this talk, we present examples of HEP applications which take advantage of this functionality. We demonstrate how 3D detector elements can be documented, using either CAD drawings or other sources such as GEANT visualizations as input. Using this technique, higher dimensional data, such as LEGO plots or time-dependent information can be included in PDF files. In principle, a complete event display, with full interactivity, can be incorporated into a PDF file. This would allow the end user not only to customize the view and representation of the data, but to access the underlying data itself.
CO2 Laser-Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) Integration Concepts

A survey of techniques for combining active laser functions with passive thermal imaging systems is presented along with some recent accomplishments. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of integrating CO2 lasers with the 8 - 12 μm thermal sensors arising from the commonality of operating wavelengths. Compatibility of performance, eye safety and sharing of optical components are pointed out as the primary driving factors which favor CO2 lasers. Recent accomplishments include the development of the first U.S. CO2 laser range-finder which has been integrated with the thermal sensor for a high survivability test vehicle (HSTV). A fully modularized, sealed-off CO2 TEA laser rangefinder developed for the U.S. Army is also described.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multiloop Balanced Bridge Feedback in application to precision pointing

The Balanced Bridge Feedback technique is applied to the multiloop pointing control problem. Using colocated torque and angular velocity sensors and high-order compensators, the motor loop is decoupled from the flexible plant, the feedback bandwidth is increased in the motor and plant loops, and the accuracy improved by orders of magnitude compared to the results achievable with conventional control techniques.
ROMP using heterocyclic carbenes bearing a hydride ligand. An improved synthesis of RuCl2(PR3)2(CHMe)

The cyclic, heteroatom-stabilized carbene complexes RuHCl(PR3)2[C(X)C3H6] (R = Pri, Cy; X = O, NH) catalyze the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 2-norbornene to give mainly (85%) trans-polynorbornene (Mw 1.1–2.0 × 105 g mol−1) in arene solvent at 30–80 °C. Initiation is slow, but not dependent on free phosphine concentration because the catalyst has an empty coordination site cis to the carbene. Protonation of RuHCl(PR3)2[C(OR)R′] species occurs at the hydride ligand, and the acidity of the resulting species leads to C–OR bond cleavage. This leads to facile conversion of RuHClL2[C(OEt)Me] to RuCl2L2[CHMe] and EtOH by HCl and, thus, a convenient new synthesis of a traditional metathesis catalyst whose carbene source is H2CC(OEt)H.
Hemispheric specialization for VOT perception in the preschool child.

Abstract Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were recorded from the left and right hemispheres of six male and six female right handed preschool age children (4 years old) in response to stop consonants with VOT values of 0, +20, +40, and +60 msec. Neuroelectrical correlates of between category phoneme discrimination were found only in the right hemisphere. A second component of the cortical response was sensitive to changes both within and between the phoneme categories. Other AEP components reflected sex and hemisphere differences.
Exploring Daily Grading as a Form of Assessment in a College-Level Japanese Language Classroom

: Methods of evaluation affect learning in multiple and varied ways. The current distinction between testing and assessment invokes issues about which alternatives for evaluation are available and how they are applied in language classrooms. To explore a daily grading system as a form of assessment, this study surveyed 16 teachers and 90 students in college-level Japanese language classrooms where daily grading is practiced. The results showed that both teachers and students had positive beliefs about daily grading. It was also found that students had moderate anxiety levels when their performances were graded daily. In addition, the study revealed several areas of concern about daily grading. To use daily grading successfully as a language-learning assessment tool, appropriate and ongoing teacher training is recommended.
Antibody-coated bacteria in urine of patients with ileal conduit urinary diversion

The antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test is a helpful adjunct for differentiating pyelonephritis from cystitis in the intact urinary tract, particularly in female patients. This test was used in patients with ileal conduits and infected urine in an attempt to determine whether bacilluria was of renal or conduit origin. Every patient with infected conduit urine had a positive ACB test even though no patient had clinical stigmas of acute pyelonephritis. In patients with ileal conduits, the ACB test cannot be used alone as an indicator that bacilluria is a cause of symptoms or renal damage.
Facilitating motivation in young adolescents: Effects of an after-school program

This study examined the effects of a motivationally facilitative after-school program on 7th grade students' autonomous motivation, learning goals, school engagement, and performance in science class. Pairs of students were individually matched on sex, race/ethnicity, free lunch status, and science grades and each member was randomly assigned to either a 15 week, after-school program or a control group. Students (N = 90) completed questionnaires regarding their motivation, and engagement before and after the program. Science, math, social studies, and English teachers rated students' levels of classroom engagement. Students participating in the Investigators' Club increased in learning goals, engagement in school and in science class, and science grades, and decreased in performance goals relative to the controls. Effects of the program as well as drop-out and completer information, are discussed in terms of the goal of facilitating motivation in disadvantaged middle school students.
Effects of a cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1 antagonist AM251 on behavioral sensitization to nicotine in a rat model of novelty-seeking behavior: correlation with hippocampal 5HT.

Rationale There are marked individual differences in the efficacy of mainstream nicotine cessation agents in preventing relapse. A rat model of novelty-seeking phenotype was reported to have predictive value for psychostimulant taking behavior where locomotor reactivity to novelty is used to rank high (HR, highest 1/3) versus low (LR, lowest 1/3) responsiveness to novelty in outbred rats. We tested the hypothesis that a cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1 antagonist that is in clinical trials for smoking cessation may reverse behaviorally sensitizing effects of nicotine in HRs and repeated nicotine-induced elevations in hippocampal 5HT.
A rational formulation of thermal circuit models for electrothermal simulation. I. Finite element method [power electronic systems]

As the size of the semiconductor devices is getting smaller with advanced technology, self-heating effects in power semiconductor devices are becoming important. An electrothermal simulation of complete power electronic systems that include Si chips, thermal packages, and heat sinks is essential for an accurate analysis of the behavior of these systems. This paper presents a rational approach to construct thermal circuit networks equivalent to a discretization of the heat equation by the finite element method. Elemental thermal circuit networks are developed, which correspond to the linear and cubic Hermite elements in the 1-D case, to the triangular and rectangular elements in the 2-D case, and to the tetrahedral and cube elements in the 3-D case. These thermal circuit networks are to be connected to the electrical networks of power electronic systems to provide complete electrothermal models that can be conveniently used in any circuit simulator package. Verification examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed formulation.
A Case Study for Large-Scale Human Microbiome Analysis Using JCVI’s Metagenomics Reports (METAREP)

As metagenomic studies continue to increase in their number, sequence volume and complexity, the scalability of biological analysis frameworks has become a rate-limiting factor to meaningful data interpretation. To address this issue, we have developed JCVI Metagenomics Reports (METAREP) as an open source tool to query, browse, and compare extremely large volumes of metagenomic annotations. Here we present improvements to this software including the implementation of a dynamic weighting of taxonomic and functional annotation, support for distributed searches, advanced clustering routines, and integration of additional annotation input formats. The utility of these improvements to data interpretation are demonstrated through the application of multiple comparative analysis strategies to shotgun metagenomic data produced by the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Biomedical Research Human Microbiome Project (HMP) (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov). Specifically, the scalability of the dynamic weighting feature is evaluated and established by its application to the analysis of over 400 million weighted gene annotations derived from 14 billion short reads as predicted by the HMP Unified Metabolic Analysis Network (HUMAnN) pipeline. Further, the capacity of METAREP to facilitate the identification and simultaneous comparison of taxonomic and functional annotations including biological pathway and individual enzyme abundances from hundreds of community samples is demonstrated by providing scenarios that describe how these data can be mined to answer biological questions related to the human microbiome. These strategies provide users with a reference of how to conduct similar large-scale metagenomic analyses using METAREP with their own sequence data, while in this study they reveal insights into the nature and extent of variation in taxonomic and functional profiles across body habitats and individuals. Over one thousand HMP WGS datasets and the latest open source code are available at http://www.jcvi.org/hmp-metarep.
Compound heterozygote CDK5RAP2 mutations in a Guatemalan/Honduran child with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, failure to thrive and speech delay.

Keywords: autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH); CDK5RAP2; microcephaly; developmental delay; speech delay; failure to thrive