cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A stable carbon isotope study of dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a softwater lake

The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) cycle in a softwater lake was studied using natural variations of the stable isotopes of carbon,12C and13C. During summer stratification there was a progressive decrease in epilimnion DIC concentration with a concomitant increase in δ13CDIC), due to preferential uptake of12C by phytoplankton and a change in the dominant CO2 source from inflow andin situ oxidation to invasion from the atmosphere. There was an increase in hypolimnion DIC concentration throughout summer with a concomitant general decrease in δ13CDIC from oxidation of the isotopically light particulate organic carbon that sank down through the thermocline from the epilimnion. Mass balance calculations of DI12C and DI13C in the epilimnion for the summer (June 23–September 25) yield a mean rate of net conversion of DIC to organic carbon (Corg) of 430 ± 150 moles d-1 (6.5 ± 1.8 m moles m-2 d-1. Net CO2 invasion from the atmosphere was 420 ± 120 moles d-1 (6.2 ± 1.8 m moles m-2 d-1) with an exchange coefficient of 0.6 ± 0.3m d-1. These results imply that at least for the summer months the phytoplankton obtained about 90% of their carbon from atmosphere CO2. About 50% of CO2 invasion and conversion to Corg for the summer occurred during a two week interval in mid-summer. DIC concentration increased in the hypolimnion at a rate of 350 ± 70 moles DIC d-1 during summer stratification. The amount of DIC added to the hypolimnion was equivalent to 75 ± 20% of net conversion of DIC to Corg in the euphotic zone over spring and summer implying rapid degradation of POC in the hypolimnion. The δ13C of DIC added to the deep water (-22‰.) was too heavy to have been derived from oxidation of particulate organic carbon alone. About 20% of the added DIC must have diffused from hypolimnetic sediments where relatively heavy CO2 (-7‰) was produced by a combination of POC oxidation and as a by-product of methanogenesis.
Calculation of organic solute and surfactant activities from solubilization data

Abstract Vapor pressure methods developed in our laboratory have produced highly precise solubilization data relating to the interaction of volatile organic compounds with nonvolatile solutes, including ionic surfactants in aqueous solution. By using a computational method similar to one developed previously we can infer the change in activity of the surfactant from solubilization isotherms. The technique, employing a form of the Gibbs-Duhem equation, yields values of the surfactant activity or monomer concentration, independent of any particular mass action model. Results show that surfactant activities inferred from benzene vapor pressure data for aqueous solutions of sodium n -octylsulfate are nearly equal to those calculated previously with a mass-action model. New activity coefficient results (obtained by vapor pressure and vapor pressure osmometry methods) are reported for both the organic solute and the surfactant in several systems containing organic compounds dissolved in aqueous n -hexadecylpyridinium chloride.
New findings on the links between college education and work

This article utilizes data from two surveys of college graduates to addres the issue of the value of postsecondary education in the labor market. In considering income, relation of job to college major, and job satisfaction, it concludes that underemployment and job dissatisfaction are less pervasive than many researchers would have us believe. Differences by sex are also considered. Given a choice of whether or not to attend college, it seems clear that the decision to attend is the wise one. And one way to maximize potential job-related benefits is to be judicious in choice of major. Students apparently are of this advice and are acting accordingly.
Plant viruses with genomes of single-stranded DNA

Abstract The geminiviruses, a newly discovered group of plant viruses, have circular, single-stranded DNA as their genome. The nucleocapsids are isometric units bonded together in pairs. Geminiviruses are among the smallest autonomously-replicating viruses known. For this and other reasons, the geminiviruses are of considerable fundamental interest in studies of plant molecular genetics and the molecular basis of plant disease.
Terpyridine copperII–polycarboxylic acid architectures: formation of dimeric, helical, and cyclic nanostructures and their included-water molecule motifs

New crystalline architectures have been prepared employing the propensity of terpyridine–CuII adducts to form coordination complexes with carboxylate moieties.
Cone beam computed tomographic findings in refractory chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible

Abstract Aims To report the imaging features of osteomyelitis of the mandible in various two-dimensional multiplanar and three-dimensional reformations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods The images were 12-bit DICOM files acquired with a 10 cm field of view and voxel resolution of 0.4 mm. Two-dimensional multiplanar reformatted reconstructions included coronal, “panoramic” (variable thickness), and serial cross-sections. Three-dimensional reconstructions included surface renderings. Images were presented to referring oral and maxillofacial surgeons in “real time” immediately after acquisition. Results The features of mandibular osteomyelitis seen on CBCT included: a peripheral sclerotic rim, cortical layering (involucrum), central loss of trabecular pattern with internal round radiolucent resorptive tracts, minimal jaw expansion, and reduction of the alveolar cortex. Sequestra were occasionally evident. The history and presentation of each case on CBCT were consistent with osteomyelitis of the mandible; however, the clinical differential diagnosis in each case had included malignancy. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of biopsy specimens. Two of the three cases were patients who had been treated with bisphosphonates. Conclusion CBCT facilitated comprehensive and dynamic imaging of the jaws based on surgical consultation, rather than inflexible imaging protocols. CBCT images guided operative planning.
Bezout number calculations for multi-homogeneous polynomial systems

The Bezout number of a system of multi-homogeneous polynomial equations is the largest number of nonsingular solutions such a system can have, and it is also the number of solution paths used to compute all geometrically isolated solutions of the system using multi-homogeneous polynomial continuation. Any polynomial system can be homogenized in a variety of ways, typically yielding different Bezout numbers. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for computing Bezout numbers and describes a procedure for finding the minimal Bezout number over all possible homogenizations.
Feasibility and efficacy of locally delivered enoxaparin via the channeled balloon catheter on smooth muscle cell proliferation following balloon injury in rabbits

To determine the potential utility of local treatment of enoxaparin on restenosis, four groups of rabbits underwent balloon injury of bilateral iliac arteries with the Channeled Balloon (balloon/artery = 1.1), followed by assigned treatment (5 controls received local saline, 7 local-treatment rabbits received a one-time local delivery of 10 mg/kg of enoxaparin, 5 systemic-treatment rabbits received 10 mg/kg of enoxaparin subcutaneously once daily for 1 wk, and 5 combined-treatment rabbits received both local and systemic enoxaparin). The percentage of nuclei positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen/microns2 of media 1 wk later was 1.97 +/- 2.01 for the control group, 2.68 +/- 2.52 for the local group, 0.22 +/- 0.32 for the systemic group, and 0.07 +/- 0.09 for the combined group (P < 0.0001 by Kruskal-Wallis test, with P < 0.05 for combined treatment group vs. controls or local treatment group and systemic vs. local groups). Feasibility study with 3H-enoxaparin showed intramural retention of 0.1-0.2% of locally delivered amount for 24 h. We conclude that one-time local delivery of enoxaparin following angioplasty is ineffective in inhibiting medial smooth muscle cell proliferation, most likely due to low efficiency. Only sustained treatment resulted in significant reduction.
Visualizing Preferential Flow Paths using Ammonium Carbonate and a pH Indicator

Despite their negative charge, anionic dyes are less-than-ideal tracers of water flow in soil. A new method is presented here for detecting flow patterns faithfully representing the movement of water flow paths in structured and nonstructured soils. The method is based on application of ammonium carbonate during infiltration, which displays a unique color signature when sprayed with a pH indicator after excavation and exposure of the soil profile along a trench face. We compare its performance with that of the popular Brilliant Blue in a laboratory study, and show that it is a more conservative tracer of the water front. We also illustrate its use in a field experiment to detect preferential flow. In contrast to other methods, ammonium carbonate is inexpensive, nontoxic, and leaves negligible residue.
New Generation of Radiacs: Small Computerized Multipurpose Radiation Monitors

The Health Division at Los Alamos has developed a multipurpose radiation monitoring device that is computer-controlled, lightweight (3 lb), includes multiple radiation detectors running simultaneously, and is simple to use. LCD displays indicate the various radiation parameters in both alphanumeric and graphics format. Internal batteries allow 100 hours of use.
Medical abortion: public health and private lives.

PIP: Induced abortion is a common event in the lives of women and their families. Statistics show that in the US nearly half of all women personally benefit from abortion; hence abortion is important from both a medical and a social standpoint. During the 1900s, anti-abortion laws were promulgated, subsequently resulting in the rise of maternal mortality due to complications from unsafe abortions. In the mid-1960s, state laws began to change to allow women access to safe abortions provided by licensed physicians. Since then, deaths from illegal abortions have decreased substantially. It is noted that legal abortion is one of the safest operations in contemporary medical practice, and its safety has improved through the years. Surgical skills have been enhanced and the technologies of suction curettage abortion and dilatation and evacuation introduced. In addition, abortion techniques using prostaglandin, mifepristone, methotrexate, and misoprostol have advanced.
Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma: an analysis of radiation and surgical treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with localized retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma (STS) treated with complete surgical resection and radiation. Methods and Materials: The medical records of 83 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Sixty patients presented with primary disease and the remaining 23 had recurrence after previous surgical resection. Results: With a median follow-up of 47 months, the actuarial overall disease-specific survival (DSS), distant metastasis–free survival, and local control (LC) rates were 44%, 67%, and 40%, respectively. Of the 38 patients dying of disease, local disease progression was the sole site of recurrence for 16 patients and was a component of progression for another 11 patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that histologic grade was associated with the 5-year rates of DSS (low-grade, 92%; intermediate-grade, 51%; and high-grade, 41%, p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis also indicated an inferior 5-year LC rate for patients presenting with recurrent disease, positive or uncertain resection margins, and age greater than 65 years. The data did not suggest an improved local control with higher doses of external–beam radiation (EBRT) or with the specific use of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Radiation-related complications (10% at 5 years) developed in 5 patients; all had received their EBRT postoperatively. Conclusions: Although preoperative radiation therapy and aggressive surgical resection is well tolerated in patients, local disease progression continues to be a significant component of disease death. In this small cohort of patients, the use of higher doses of EBRT or IORT did not result in clinically apparent improvements in outcomes.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Live vs. Post Mortem Rat Brains

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an increasingly popular technique for examining neurobiology in rodents because it is both noninvasive and nondestructive. MRI scans can be acquired from either live or post mortem specimens. In vivo scans have a key advantage in that subjects can be scanned at multiple time-points in longitudinal studies. However, repeated exposure to anesthesia and stress may confound studies. In contrast, post mortem scans offer improved image quality and increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to several key advantages: First, the images are not disrupted by motion and pulsation artifacts. Second, they allow the brain tissue to be perfused with contrast agents, enhancing tissue contrast. Third, they allow longer image acquisition times, yielding higher resolution and/or improved SNR. Fourth, they allow assessment of groups of animals at the same age without scheduling complications. Despite these advantages, researchers are often skeptical of post mortem MRI scans because of uncertainty about whether the fixation process alters the MRI measurements. To address these concerns, we present a thorough comparative study of in vivo and post mortem MRI scans in healthy male Wistar rats at three age points throughout adolescence (postnatal days 28 through 80). For each subject, an in vivo scan was acquired, followed by perfusion and two post mortem scans at two different MRI facilities. The goal was to assess robustness of measurements, to detect any changes in volumetric measurements after fixation, and to investigate any differential bias that may exist between image acquisition techniques. We present this volumetric analysis for comparison of 22 anatomical structures between in vivo and post mortem scans. No significant changes in volumetric measurements were detected; however, as hypothesized, the image quality is dramatically improved in post mortem scans. These findings illustrate the validity and utility of using post mortem scans in volumetric neurobiological studies.
Parametric Representation of the Primary Hurricane Vortex. Part I: Observations and Evaluation of the Holland (1980) Model

Although numerical models are essential to hurricane forecasting, many other applications require only statistical depiction of the wind distribution. In Holland’s 1980 parametric profile, radius of maximum wind, maximum wind, and a measure of the profile width describe the radial variation of the axisymmetric wind. Variants of the Holland profile are used to predict insurance underwriting risk, ocean response, and storm-surge inundation. Since these calculations guide high-stakes financial and emergency managment decisions, it is logical to test them against observations. The Hurricane Research Division’s flight-level database archives observations were obtained by NOAA and U.S. Air Force Reserve aircraft. The data considered here are winds and geopotential heights observed during 606 lower- and midtropospheric flights into Atlantic and eastern Pacific tropical cyclones during 1977‐2000. The 493 profiles that meet quality control criteria are seasonally geographically representative. Least squares fits of the Holland model to these data provide evaluation of the parameters’ distributions and critical examination of the profile’s realism. Individual fitted profiles differ from the observations in a consistent pattern. The areas of strong winds in the eyewall and of nearly calm winds at the vortex center are too wide. Beyond 2 or 3 times the eye radius, the wind decreases too rapidly with distance from the center. Although the average bias in fitted profiles is, 1ms 21, the root-mean-square error is 4.2 m s 21 (5.2 m s21 for independent data). Maximum winds estimated from the fitted Holland-profile height‐wind relation average 2.5 m s 21 too strong with an rms error of 6.5 m s 21. The pattern of too strong wind spread over too much real estate exaggerates the occurrence of winds stronger than 50 m s 21 by ;50%.
Alias analysis for optimization of dynamic languages

Dynamic languages such as Python allow programs to be written more easily using high-level constructs such as comprehensions for queries and using generic code. Efficient execution of programs then requires powerful optimizations - incrementalization of expensive queries and specialization of generic code. Effective incrementalization and specialization of dynamic languages require precise and scalable alias analysis.This paper describes the development and experimental evaluation of a may-alias analysis for a full dynamic object-oriented language, for program optimization by incrementalization and specialization. The analysis is flow-sensitive; we show that this is necessary for effective optimization of dynamic languages. It uses precise type analysis and a powerful form of context sensitivity, called trace sensitivity, to further improve analysis precision. It uses a compressed representation to significantly reduce the memory used by flow-sensitive analyses.We evaluate the effectiveness of this analysis and 17 variants of it for incrementalization and specialization of Python programs, and we evaluate the precision, memory usage, and running time of these analyses on programs of diverse sizes. The results show that our analysis has acceptable precision and efficiency and represents the best trade-off between them compared to the variants.
The Reduced RUM as a Logit Model: Parameterization and Constraints

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) for educational assessment are constrained latent class models. Examinees are assigned to classes of intellectual proficiency defined in terms of cognitive skills called attributes, which an examinee may or may not have mastered. The Reduced Reparameterized Unified Model (Reduced RUM) has received considerable attention among psychometricians. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or Expectation Maximization (EM) are typically used for estimating the Reduced RUM. Commercial implementations of the EM algorithm are available in the latent class analysis (LCA) routines of Latent GOLD and Mplus, for example. Fitting the Reduced RUM with an LCA routine requires that it be reparameterized as a logit model, with constraints imposed on the parameters. For models involving two attributes, these have been worked out. However, for models involving more than two attributes, the parameterization and the constraints are nontrivial and currently unknown. In this article, the general parameterization of the Reduced RUM as a logit model involving any number of attributes and the associated parameter constraints are derived. As a practical illustration, the LCA routine in Mplus is used for fitting the Reduced RUM to two synthetic data sets and to a real-world data set; for comparison, the results obtained by using the MCMC implementation in OpenBUGS are also provided.
Fault detection in HVAC systems using model-based feedforward control

This paper describes how a model-based feedforward control scheme can improve control performance over traditional PI(D) and detect faults in the controlled process. The scheme uses static simulation models of the system under control to generate feedforward control action, which supplements a conventional PI(D) feedback loop. The feedforward action reduces the effect of plant non-linearity on control performance and provides more consistent disturbance rejection as operating conditions change. In addition to generating feedforward control action, the models act as a reference of correct operation. Faults that occur in the system under control cause the PI(D) loop to provide a greater than normal control action to compensate for fault-induced discrepancies between the feedforward models and the controlled process. By monitoring the level of feedback compensation, faults can be detected in the controlled process. The paper presents results from testing the controller with a simulated dual-duct air-handling unit. We also discuss recent experiences of implementing the control scheme in a real building using the BACnet communication protocol.
What determines the risk of hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations

We reviewed seven recent articles that discuss the risk factors associated with the hemorrhagic presentation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Although several such factors have been identified, only nine have been shown to be independent predictors of AVM hemorrhage by multiple logistic regression. All of the studies reviewed are subject to biases that compromise their ability to identify risk factors for hemorrhage confidently. A prospective, multicenter, controlled trial would be necessary to identify such risk factors with certainty.
Role of the free amino acid pool of the intestine in protein synthesis.

Abstract 1. The accumulation of glycine and its incorporation into protein have been studied in rat intestinal slices in vitro. 2. Pyridoxal HCl, which raises intracellular pool concentration of glycine, similarly increases the rate of glycine incorporation into protein. 3. Kinetic data demonstrates a lag in glycine incorporation into protein, suggesting that the glycine passes through an intracellular pool (or pools) before its incorporation into protein. 4. In vivo experiments using leucine demonstrate that specific activity in the protein is a reflection of the specific activity of the soluble “pool” of leucine. 5. These data are consistent with a model in the intestinal mucosa in which glycine in the extracellular pool is not the direct precursor for protein synthesis, but suggest that glycine and perhaps other amino acids first pass through some intracellular pool(s).
Controllability of discrete bilinear systems with bounded control

Controllability of time-invariant discrete-time bilinear systems is discussed. Bilinear systems are classified into two categories: homogeneous and inhomogeneous. Sufficient conditions which ensure the global controllability of discrete-time bilinear systems are obtained by localized analysis in control variables.
When a User Interface is Good Enough: User Ratings in UI Design:

When is the usability of a new user interface design good enough to stop trying to improve it? To answer this question, we propose that usability ratings should be scaled in terms of specific usabi...
Enumerating Communities for a Deeper Understanding of Community Finding

Often new insights and advancements are made by a detailed study of the problem and the solution space. The area of community finding has had many algorithms proposed recently, but to our knowledge there have not been any detailed studies of the solution space. In this paper, we present two algorithms for enumerating and unranking the possible valid community assignments for a network. To demonstrate the value of our algorithms, we also present some interesting insights gained by examining the solution space of some small networks.
Tokos and atokion: an examination of natural law reasoning against usury and against contraception.

Natural law which has been appealed to by catholic theologians in their arguments against both usury and contraception is examined in this essay. Usury was "tokos" to the Greeks while what caused contraception was "atokion." Beyond this verbal link usury and contraception share the bond of having both been condemned as contrary to the natural level of generation. An act of lending is naturally sterile; an act of intercourse naturally fertile. These 2 propositions appeared to be the chief rational support of the absolute prohibition by Catholic theologians of any profit on a loan or of any act preventing intercourse from being fertile. The question arises as to why the argument based on nature seemed so superior; psychological and rhetorical satisfactions would seem to account for the choice. The sacral character of coitus to which the argument finally appeals seems no stronge than the usury arguments appeal to the sacred character of time. The claim that coitus was naturally fertile continued long after acceptance of the marriage of sterile individuals intercourse during pregnancy and use of the rhythm method. The argument asserted that contraception was an evil which man could grasp. Values dear to all people were endangered by the practice of contraception and the argument base on nature stood for this proposition.
Acute rise in the concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium leads to dephosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau.

Abstract The objective of this study was to asses the response of the microtubule-associated protein tau to acute rise in the concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in rat cortical neurons and mouse cerebellar granule cells in culture. One-hour exposure to glutamate (100 μM), N -methyl- d -aspartate (100 μM), KCl (50 mM), and ionomycin (5 μM) led to tau protein dephosphorylation as indicated by an appearance of additional faster moving bands on Western immunoblots with a phosphorylation-independent antibody and an increase in the tau-1 immunoreactivity associated with the appearance of an additional faster moving band. Lowering the extracellular concentration of Ca 2+ to less than 1 μM fully prevented the drug-induced tau protein dephosphorylation indicating a dependence on Ca 2+ influx from the extracellular environment. Administration of okadaic acid (inhibitor of phosphatase 1/2A) simultaneously with the above mentioned drugs decreased the drug-mediated dephosphorylation. Pre-incubation with okadaic acid fully prevented the dephosphorylation. Treatment with cypermethrin (inhibitor of phosphatase 2B) was without effect when administered either alone, simultaneously with the drugs, or pre-incubated. These findings indicate that, independently of the influx pathway, [Ca 2+ ] i elevation leads to dephosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and implicate phosphatase 1 and/or 2A in the process.
Electrosmotic mobility and conductivity in columns for capillary electrochromatography.

Columns employed so far in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) contain both a packed and an open segment with concomitant changes of the electric field strength and the flow velocity at the interface of the two segments in such duplex columns. To take this into account in measuring, processing, and interpreting CEC data, a framework is presented for the evaluation of the conductivity ratio and the interstitial electrosmotic flow (EOF) mobility and their usage as tools for characterizing CEC columns. This is illustrated by experimental data obtained from measurement of the current and the EOF in capillary columns packed with different stationary phases. The current data yielded the ratio of the conductivities of the packed and open segments that has been shown to be useful for the evaluation of the porosity and tortuosity. It is assumed that these important packing characteristics are the same for the flow of current and for the flow of the bulk mobile phase in the CEC column. The EOF mobility in such du...
44. Unmet Need for HIV Screening Among Adolescents With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

UNMET NEED FOR HIV SCREENING AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE Sloane Bowman, BS, Arlene Butz, ScD, Richard Rothman, MD, PhD, Jennifer Anders, MD, Betty Johnson, RN, Maria Trent, MD, MPH Center for Disease Controll, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; The Johns Hopkins Hospital and The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center; Pediatric Base Station (EMS Radio), Johns Hopkins Hospital Pediatric ED; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Purification of low molecular weight factor VIII by affinity chromatography using factor VIII - sepharose.

Abstract Purified human FVIII coupled to Sepharose reversibly binds the procoagulant activity of soluble FVIII in a time dependent manner. The binding capacity of FVIII Sepharose prepared with 6.7 units of purified FVIII was 1.8 units of FVIII:C, of which approximately 30% could be recovered by elution with 1.3M NaCl followed by concentration with PEG. The affinity-purified FVIII corrected the clotting defect in FVIII-deficient but not in FIX-deficient plasma and retained its procoagulant activity when incubated with DFP. Its sedimentation rate in sucrose density gradients was constitent with a 7.2S protein, and it was retarded by exclusion chromatography through a column of Sepharose CL-6B, though some aggregation was apparent. No FVIII:Ag was detected by Laurell immunoelectrophoresis or by radioimmunoassay, indicating a ratio of FVIII:C/FVIII:Ag of ≥ 150. Thrombin exposure enhanced the procoagulant activity of affinity-purified FVIII, though more slowly and less extensively than that of undissociated FVIII. The thrombin enhanced activity was relatively stable.
Elevated production rate of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria.

Previous studies of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] kinetics in normal subjects using the pulse injection technique have led to conflicting results, and only limited data are available concerning 1,25-(OH)2D kinetics in hypercalciuric patients. We developed an infusion equilibrium technique that measures the metabolic clearance and production rates of 1,25-(OH)2D and applied this technique in 13 normal subjects and 9 well characterized patients with absorptive hypercalciuria; all subjects were studied after 10 days on a 400-mg calcium intake. All subjects received a constant infusion of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 (20,000 dpm/min). Purified plasma radioactivity reached steady state levels after 15 h, and between 15 and 19 h, serial measurements of purified plasma radioactivity and endogenous 1,25-(OH)2D were made for calculation of metabolic clearance and production rates. In the 13 normal subjects, the MCR values were within a narrow range, with a mean ± SD value of 37 ± 6 ml/min, which, when combined with th...
ON THE ANALYTIC MODEL OF A CLASS OF SEMI-HYPONORMAL OPERATORS

The analytic model of a class of semi-hyponormal operators is derived using three kernal functions. In addition, explicit forms of the kernal functions are given and the Pincus principal functions of the operators are calculated.
Fossil Burrows from the Pre-Cambrian Ajibik Quartzite of Michigan

THE ‘hard rock’ below the pre-Cambrian unconformity has been searched for fossils the world over, but the results are still few and frequently indistinct. Fossils, ranging from real to very dubious, have been described from the pre-Cambrian of Canada, Finland, India and the United States. The present note announces a new find from Michigan. A more complete report is under preparation.
Robust Monitoring of Contaminated Multivariate Data

Monitoring a process that suffers from data contamination using a traditional multivariate T2 chart can lead to an excessive number of false alarms. A diagnostic statistic can be used to distinguish between real control chart signals due to assignable causes and signals due to contamination from a single outlier. In phase II analysis, a traditional T2 control chart augmented by a diagnostic statistic improves the work stoppage rates for multivariate processes suffering from contaminated data and maintains the ability to detect process shifts.
The case for a different public sector intellectual property policy

It has been a generation since the US enacted the congressional technology transfer acts but we still struggling with the idea of public sector technology discoveries being transferred to commercial activities. The paper analyzes the focus of the mechanisms that have been deployed and suggests a change from the micro models that have centered on the technology transfer office to a more macro set of considerations that focus on the economic health of the country. This change should address job and wealth creation to provide the needed spark to the economy that depends on innovation as its base competitive advantage.
Air Film Cooling in a Nonadiabatic Wall Conical Nozzle

Experimental data for an air-film cooled conical nozzle operating with a heated-air main stream and a water-cooled wall confirm the validity of Lieu's (1964) method for correlating film cooling data in the accelerated flow of a nonadiabatic-wall nozzle. The film cooling effectiveness modified for nonadiabatic walls by Lieu can be used to correlate film cooling under the condition that the main-stream to coolant velocity ratio at the slot is about 1. Such a ratio provides the optimum cooling effectiveness.
A segmented implant surgical guide connected with magnets

The 2-piece surgical guide introduced in this article is designed for guiding implant placement in the edentulous arch. With the aid of embedded magnets, this guide can be easily and quickly assembled and disassembled during the surgical procedure without losing the predetermined guidance for the implant placement.
Polyimides with pendent ethynyl groups

Several new polyimides containing pendent ethynyl groups were prepared and characterized. The new polyimides were prepared from the following novel ethynyl containing diamines; 1,1-bis(p aminophenyl)-1-(p ethynylphenyl) 2,2,2-trifluoroethane, and 1,1-bis(p aminophenyl)-1-(p phenylethynylphenyl)-2,2,2 trifluoroethane, and 1,1-bis(p aminophenyl)-1-(p hexynylphenyl)-2,2,2 trifluoroethane by reacting with either 3,3',4,4' benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride or 2,2-bis(3,4 dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA). Inherent viscosities for the polymers ranged from 0.26 to 0.94 dL/g. Three copolymers prepared by reacting 10 mole pct. of one of the ethynyl containing diamines and 90 mole pct. of 2,2-bis-(4-(4 aminophenoxy)phenyl) hexafluoropropane with 6FDA were also prepared and characterized. Inherent viscosities for these copolymers ranged from 1.08 to 1.54 dL/g. Original polyimide glass transition temperatures were approx. 265 C while curing at 300 to 350 C for 1 hr in air increased the Tgs by approx. 10 C. Film properties and thermal stability were also measured for these copolyimides.
Sociology with a Southern Face: Why Are We Sociologists and What Are We Doing About It in the South?

Sociology with a Southern face characterizes Southern sociologists and Southern social issues. This article asks why we are sociologists and what we are doing about it in the South. I posit that many Southern sociologists share common biographical experiences that provide insights for understanding and solving Southern problems. Longstanding conditions of the Black Belt are used as an example with special focus on Southern demographics and persistent impoverishment. Given the magnitude of the southern issues involved, I believe there are good reasons for doing sociology about the South. I conclude with a call for sociologists with Southern faces - wherever they live - to pay greater attention to solutions as well as using our sociological expertise to diagnose social problems we see through the Southern face of sociology.
Injectivity and weak ternary separation

A collection H of nonempty subsets of a finite set E determines a weak ternary separation relation r(H) on the set E as follows: (a,b,c)@?r(H) if and only if for all clusters A belonging to H, |A@?{a,b,c}|=2 implies that c@?A. We determine conditions on a collection W of set systems of E such that the mapping r that sends each H belonging to W to the weak ternary separation relation r(H) is injective.
Intraoperative Iso-C C-arm navigation in cervical spinal surgery: review of the first 52 cases.

Study Design. Fifty-two study participants underwent ceryical spine surgery using intraoperative Iso-C imaging with or without spinal navigation. Objectives. To evaluate prospectively the feasibility, sevantages. limitations, and applications of Iso-C in cervical spine surgery, Summary of Background Data. Existing stereotactic spinal navigational systems images must be acquired before surgery and typically require cumbersome point-to-point registration. intraoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide real-time information but can restrict access to the patient, preclude the use of traditional operating room tables, and are time-consuming. The Iso-C allows quick, CT-quality, real-tiem data acquisition without restricting access to the patient. The data acquired can be automatically transferred to navigational systems with the immediate ability to navigate for anterior or posterior cervical spine procedures. Methods. High-resolution isotropic three-dimensional data sets were acquired using the Iso-C intraoperative fluoroscopy in 52 cervical spine cases. In 30 cases, the data were imported automatically to the StealthStation Treon to support neuronavigation. In 22 cases, a postprocedural intraoperative CT was obtained with the Iso-C primarily to assess the extent of osseous decompression and/or the accuracy of implants or instrumentation. In most cases, a postoperative high-resolution CT image was obtained and compared with the Iso-C data. Results. Successful automated registration suitable for navigation was attained for all anterior and posterior cervical spinal cases. The postprocedural intraoperative Iso-C data were 100% concordant with those of postoperative high-resolution CT as determined by a blinded neuroradiologist. Conclusions. Iso-C intraoperative fluoroscopy is an accurate and rapid way to perform CT-quality image-guided navigation in cervical spinal surgery. In most cases, it obviates the need for postoperative imaging.
Influence of paired-row spacing and fertilizer placement on yield and root diseases of direct-seeded wheat.

Root diseases, namely take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D. Olivier var. tritici J. Walker, Rhizoctonia root rot caused by R. solani Kuhn AG8, and Pythium root rot caused by several Pythium Pringsh. species, become yield-limiting to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Inland Pacific Northwest when these crops are grown without adequate rotation, especially in direct-seed (no-till) systems. We tested whether yields of wheat could be increased by (i) pairing the rows rather than spacing them uniformly, so as to keep the crop canopy open longer into the growing season, and (ii) placing fertilizer within rather than between the rows, so as to make nutrients more accessible to diseased roots. All experiments were done in fields with a recent history of intensive wheat. Direct seeding was used to further intensify pressure from root diseases, and soil fumigation and/or stubble burning were used in some experiments to reduce pressure from root diseases. Mixed effect models were used to analyze the yield results, with location (observation) treated as the random effect. When all yield data for four winter wheat experiments were used, and spacing, fumigation, and their interaction were the fixed effects in the model, spacing and fumigation but not their interaction were significant. When the yield data were limited to fertilizer placed within each row (directly beneath the seed), spacing, fumigation, and their interaction all were significant. However, when the yield data were limited to fertilizer placed between the rows, or to yields from plots without straw on the soil surface, neither spacing, fumigation, nor their interaction were significant. Similar results were obtained in a spring wheat experiment where fumigation, row spacing, and fertilizer placement were tested in all combinations. Moreover, the amount of Rhizoctonia root rot, take-all, or both were less in response to paired-row spacing in two winter wheat experiments. The higher yields can be explained by the microenvironmental benefits of a more open canopy with paired rows together with the concentration of soil disturbance and row cleaning with paired shanks (presumably resulting in more warming and drying of the top soil where the pathogens are most active), and placement of fertilizer directly beneath each seed row, all of which have the potential to reduce the effects of root diseases.
Positive functioning and alcohol-use disorders from adolescence to young adulthood.

Objective: This research examined the longitudinal relationship between positive functioning and alcohol-use disorders from late adolescence into young adulthood. Method: This study used prospective, longitudinal data from the Seattle Social Development Project on a contemporary sample of 808 young adult men and women interviewed multiple times since childhood. The analysis employed a longitudinal path analysis to examine the relationship between positive functioning and alcohol-use disorders across four time points between ages 15–18 and age 27. Results: Positive functioning and alcohol-use disorders showed moderately strong continuity from adolescence through young adulthood. Positive functioning in adolescence predicts reduced likelihood of a diagnosis of alcohol abuse and dependence (as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) at age 21, and positive functioning at age 21 predicts reduced likelihood of alcohol abuse and dependence at age 24 in this sample. Thes...
Electrical Prism: a high quality factor filter for mm wave and terahertz frequencies

Energy direction is a function of frequency in low pass 2D lattice at frequencies close to the cut off. This property can be used to implement a high quality factor filter called electrical prism. Negative effective index was also shown to be achievable using the structure. Channeling of the signal and spatial filtering are the main reasons behind the filter having higher quality factor than component quality factor. This structure is specially interesting as it is easy to fabricate on conventional CMOS process.
The changing roles of free economic zones in development: A comparative analysis of capitalist and socialist cases in East Asia

Free economic zones (FEZs) play important roles in industrialization and economic development of both capitalist and socialist countries in various regions of the world, and thus have become a major subject of study in the development literature. Theoretical debate and empirical analysis have focused narrowly on the positive and negative economic effects of export processing zones (EPZs) in capitalist Third World countries, without giving sufficient consideration to why, when, and how different types of FEZs in both capitalist and socialist economies adapt their roles in achieving development objectives under changing international and domestic conditions. In this article, I systematically compare the dynamic development roles of three FEZs in two different systems—the state capitalist economies of Taiwan and South Korea and the reforming socialist economy of China—during 1966–1990. The comparative findings are interpreted from competing and complementary perspectives of major development theories. Finally, I use the comparative evidence to refine a lifecycle model of the evolution and prospect of EPZs in capitalist newly industrializing countries, and suggest an alternative scenario for FEZs in socialist economies.
Erratum: “Nanoindentation of polydimethylsiloxane elastomers: Effect of crosslinking, work of adhesion,and fluid environment on elastic modulus” [J. Mater.Res. 20, 2820 (2005)]

The authors would like to take this opportunity to rectify a derivational error in our recently published research article. Equation (12) (p. 2824) in the original manuscript pertains to the calculation of the Young's modulus from nanoindentation data considering a Johnson, Kendall, Roberts (JKR) adhesion model:
European Intellectual History as Contemporary History

The first part of this essay examines the peculiar role European intellectual history played in coming to terms with the twentieth century as an ‘Age of Extremes’ and the different weight it was given for that task at different times and in different national contexts up to the 1970s. The second part looks at the contemporary history of politically focused intellectual history — and the possible impact of the latter on the writing of contemporary history in general: it will be asked how the three great innovative movements in the history of political thought which emerged in the last fifty years have related to the practice of contemporary history: the German school of conceptual history, the ‘Cambridge School’, and the ‘linguistic turn’. The third part focuses on recent trends to understand processes of liberalization — as opposed to the older search for causes of political extremism. It is also in the third part that the so far rather Euro-centric perspective is left behind, as attempts to create an int...
Optimal timing of capsular tension ring implantation: Miyake-Apple video analysis.

Purpose To evaluate the appropriate timing for capsular tension ring implantation in cases of zonular weakness either prior to or after lens extraction using Miyake-Apple video analysis. Setting John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Methods Four cadaver eyes were prepared using a standard Miyake-Apple protocol with image capture using digital video recording. After continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and hydrodissection/viscodissection were performed, 2 eyes had early capsular tension ring implantation (CTR) and 2 eyes had CTR implantation after lens extraction. The 12.3 mm CTR was implanted in all eyes. Capsular bag torque and displacement, zonular elongation and stress, and ease of CTR placement were evaluated in each eye. Results Early CTR implantation resulted in significantly increased capsular torque and displacement of up to 4.0 mm compared to insertion in an empty capsular bag. There was significant zonular elongation and tension during early placement. Conclusion In terms of minimizing further zonular stress and damage and capsular destabilization, the ideal timing for CTR placement is after lens extraction and decompression of the capsular bag.