cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The creep-rupture properties of some refractory metal alloys III. Comparative mechanical behavior of some tantalum-base alloys☆

Abstract The creep-rupture properties of unalloyed tantalum, Ta−10% W, T-III (Ta−8% W−2% Hf), and T-222 (Ta−9.6% W−2.4% Hf−0.01% C) have been evaluated over the temperature range of 1000–1650 °C. The tantalum-base alloys exhibit equivalent properties over the entire temperature range. Although precipitates form in these materials, the primary strengthening mechanism is thought to be solid-solution hardening.
A Comparison of Pressure Patching versus No Patching for Corneal Abrasions due to Trauma or Foreign Body Removal

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of pressure patching in the treatment of noninfected, noncontact lens-related traumatic corneal abrasions and abrasions secondary to removal of corneal foreign bodies. Methods Two hundred twenty-three patients with noninfected, noncontact lens-related traumatic or foreign body removal-related corneal abrasions were followed daily after receiving topical antibiotics and mydriatics and after being randomized to receive either a pressure patch or no patch. Results Twenty-two patients were excluded from the study. For data analysis, the remaining patients were split into two sections: those with traumatic corneal abrasions (120 patients) and those with corneal abrasions secondary to removal of corneal foreign bodies (81 patients). Patients with traumatic corneal abrasions healed significantly faster, had less pain, and had fewer reports of blurred vision" when they were not wearing a patch. The amount of photophobia, tearing, and foreign body sensation were similar between the patch and no-patch groups. Similarly, for corneal abrasions due to removal of foreign bodies, patients healed significantly faster and had less pain when they were not wearing a patch. There was no difference in the amount of photophobia, tearing, foreign body sensation, or blurred vision. Finally, there was better compliance in the no-patch group. Conclusions Noninfected, noncontact lens-related traumatic corneal abrasions as well as abrasions secondary to foreign body removal can be treated with antibiotic ointment and mydriatics alone without the need for a pressure patch.
Evaluation methodology for comparing memory and communication of analytic processes in visual analytics

Provenance tools can help capture and represent the history of analytic processes. In addition to supporting analytic performance, provenance tools can be used to support memory of the process and communication of the steps to others. Objective evaluation methods are needed to evaluate how well provenance tools support analysts' memory and communication of analytic processes. In this paper, we present several methods for the evaluation of process memory, and we discuss the advantages and limitations of each. We discuss methods for determining a baseline process for comparison, and we describe various methods that can be used to elicit memory of an analysis for evaluation. Additionally, we discuss methods for conducting quantitative and qualitative analyses of process memory. We discuss the methodology in the context of a case study in using the evaluation methods for a user study. By organizing possible memory evaluation methods and providing a meta-analysis of the potential benefits and drawbacks of different approaches, this paper can inform study design and encourage objective evaluation of process memory and communication.
Classification and feature analysis of actigraphy signals

We evaluate the effectiveness of 63 different features commonly used in the classification of actigraphy signals. We implement two feature selection techniques to rank the effectiveness of the features and select the “best” among them. Once the “best” feature(s) is (are) selected, a minimum distance classifier is used to classify the actigraphy signals into different types of activity. The minimum distance classifier uses class prototypes generated using either k-means or max-min clustering algorithm. Correct classification rates of 95%-100% were achieved using only 1-5 features.
Low-power radix-8 divider

This work describes the design of a double-precision radix-8 divider. Low-power techniques are applied in the design of the unit, and energy-delay tradeoffs considered. The energy dissipation in the divider can be reduced by up to 70% with respect to a standard implementation not optimized for energy, without penalizing the latency. The radix-8 divider is compared with the one obtained by overlapping three radix-2 stages and with a radix-4 divider. Results show that the latency of our divider is similar to that of the divider with overlapped stages, but the area is smaller. The speed-up of the radix-8 over the radix-4 is about 20% and the energy dissipated to complete a division is almost the same, although the area of the radix-8 is 50% larger.
The Family and Bilingual Socialization: A Socioling-Uistic Study of a Sample of Chinese Children in the United States

Summary The relationships between the family and bilingual socialization of the child are explored in this sociolinguistic study of a sample of preschool Chinese children. In a bilingual setting, we are able to answer the question: How important is the family as a socializing agent in a situation when it is not supported and reinforced by the extrafamilial sources? In this study, it is found that, besides the general language orientation of the family, parental attitudes and behaviors regarding the two languages involved are significant variables related to the relative bilingual proficiency of the child. The findings support the general belief that the family is an important socializing agent for the language learning of the preschool child, although its influence seems to decrease with the increase of the age of the child.
Spawning and Some Aspects of Early Life History of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in the Laboratory

Abstract Brook trout spawning, egg incubation and survival, and emergence of the fry were observed in 1967 in rectangular and circular tanks at the National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota. Sexually mature wild brook trout were placed in experimental spawning tanks 24, 72 and 240 hr after collection. Provided with a gravel substrata and a flow of 4 to 7 liters per min, these trout spawned in the laboratory. It appeared that, the longer the sexually mature wild brook trout were held before exposure to a spawning facility, the longer the spawning period. A choice of water flowing horizontally through and over the gravel or an upwelling of water simulating “ground water” was offered the trout in the experimental tanks. It was found that an upwelling of water through the gravel is not necessary for brook trout spawning, egg survival or emergence of the fry in the laboratory. However, survival to the fry stage appeared to be higher where there was an upwelling of water than where it was lacking. Fr...
Controlling the threshold and direction of stimulated Brillouin scattering in piezoelectric semiconductors

When an electrostatic field induces net acoustic gain in a piezoelectric semiconductor, the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering decreases exponentially with acoustic gain. The threshold can be lowest for acoustic waves in the field direction, resulting in control over the direction of stimulated Brillouin scattering.
First joint in situ and global observations of the medium‐energy oxygen and hydrogen in the inner magnetosphere

We present the first simultaneous observations of the in situ ions and global Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) images of the composition-separated, medium-energy (~1–50 keV) particle populations of the inner magnetosphere. The ENA emissions are mapped into L shell/magnetic local time space based on the exospheric density along the line of sight (LOS). The ENA measurement can then be scaled to determine an average ion flux along a given LOS. The in situ ion flux tends to be larger than the scaled ENAs at the same local time. This indicates that the ion population is more concentrated in the Van Allen Probes orbital plane than distributed along the Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers LOS. For the large storm of 14 November 2012, we observe that the concentration of O (in situ ions and ENAs) increases during the storm's main phase with a relatively larger increase than H. The ratio of the O+/H+ can be measured both from the in situ observations and from the ENA images. During the main phase, this O+/H+ increase is initially seen near midnight, but when the storm reaches its peak value the O+/H+ ratio increases across all local times, with the largest at dusk and dawn.
Damaging UV radiation and invertebrate predation: conflicting selective pressures for zooplankton vertical distribution in the water column of low DOC lakes

In nature most organisms have to manage conflicting demands of food gathering, predator avoidance, and finding a favorable abiotic environment (oxygen, temperature, etc.) in order to maximize their fitness. In the vertical water column of lakes with high solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) and invertebrate predators, zooplankton face two particularly strong and conflicting selective pressures. During daylight hours invertebrate predators often induce an upward vertical migration of zooplankton prey while potentially damaging UV forces a downward migration. We used 2.2 m long columns suspended vertically in a lake to conduct 2×2 factorial experiments to examine patterns of depth selection behavior by zooplankton in the presence and absence of both the invertebrate predator Chaoborus and UV. We hypothesized that Chaoborus and UV both affect the distribution of zooplankton and a combination of both factors would lead to a narrowing of depth distribution. We found that when Chaoborus were present zooplankton tended to be distributed at shallower depths in the columns, while in the presence of UV they exhibited a deeper distribution. Chaoborus themselves were always found near the bottom of the columns regardless of the UV treatment. Simultaneous exposure to predators and UV resulted in a peak of zooplankton (especially Daphnia catawba) distribution at intermediate depths. In a significant number of cases, depth range was narrowed in response to Chaoborus, UV, or both.
Simulation-based acquisition: an impetus for change

The military has recently introduced simulation-based acquisition where simulation technologies would be applied throughout all phases of system design, development, production and deployment. Originally a four-phase approach was defined to reflect the sequential steps occurring from the initial conceptualization of the system to its eventual deployment. In this paper, the acquisition process is redefined as a collection of concurrent functions that may be iteratively implemented throughout the acquisition process. Potential applications for simulation in this enhanced acquisition process are discussed. In addition, the need for further simulation development is conveyed.
Detecting leaf phenology of seasonally moist tropical forests in South America with multi-temporal MODIS images

Leaf phenology of tropical evergreen forests affects carbon and water fluxes. In an earlier study of a seasonally moist evergreen tropical forest site in the Amazon basin, time series data of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the VEGETATION and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors showed an unexpected seasonal pattern, with higher EVI in the late dry season than in the wet season. In this study we conducted a regional-scale analysis of tropical evergreen forests in South America, using time series data of EVI from MODIS in 2002. The results show a large dynamic range and spatial variations of annual maximum EVI for evergreen forest canopies in the region. In tropical evergreen forests, maximum EVI in 2002 typically occurs during the late dry season to early wet season. This suggests that leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests is not determined by the seasonality of precipitation. Instead, leaf phenological process may be driven by availability of solar radiation and/or avoidance of herbivory.
Approximate Methods for Time-Dependent Gas-Film Lubrication Problems

Abstract : The pressure in a thin film of gas undergoing laminar, isothermal flow is given by the socalled Reynolds equation, a nonlinear second order partial differential equation of parabolic type. The Reynolds equation plays a central role in the theory of gas film lubrication. A study was made of numerical procedures based upon finite differences for obtaining approximate solutions. A number of explicit, semi-explicit, and implicit difference schemes are examined from the point of view of truncation error, stability, and computational efficiency. (Author)
Nonsurgical Interventions for Incontinence: Where Is the Evidence?

Urinary incontinence is a remarkably common urologic condition that results in significant clinical and economic sequelae. Although it is likely underestimated, the overall prevalence of urinary incontinence is projected to be between 15% and 38%. Evaluation frequently can be completed without invasive testing. Conservative therapy for incontinence often employs a multimodal approach that can include behavioral therapy, pelvic floor muscle training, external stimulation, medical devices, and pharmacologic treatment. Herein we present an overview of several conservative treatment options for stress and mixed urinary incontinence and review the available literature regarding these therapies. Despite substantial research into conservative incontinence treatment, few robust studies exist to guide practitioner interventions, and great opportunity exists for future evaluation to advance our knowledge regarding nonsurgical incontinence therapy.
Occupational Injuries for Consecutive and Cumulative Shifts among Hospital Registered Nurses and Patient Care Associates: A Case-Control Study

Nontraditional work shifts for hospital registered nurses and patient care associates and associated injuries were examined through a case-control study. Inpatient care requires that many staff work nontraditional shifts, including nights and 12-hour shifts, but some characteristics remain unexplored, especially consecutive shifts. A total of 502 cases (injured workers) were matched to single controls based on their hospital, unit type, job type, gender, and age (± 5 years). Conditional logistic regression was used for the analysis, controlling for weekly hours scheduled. For both, consecutive shifts of 2 or more days and some various cumulative shifts over a week and month period, especially night shifts, were associated with increased odds of injury. More investigations on the phenomenon of consecutive shifts are recommended. Additionally, the assessment of shift policy and subsequent injury outcomes is necessary before implementing intervention strategies.
The Effect of Inaccuracies in Weather-Ship Data on Bulk-Derived Estimates of Flux, Stability and Sea-Surface Roughness

Abstract An analytical error analysis (or sensitivity study) is performed for the momentum, heat, and humidity flux estimates made from weather-ship observations by using the bulk flux method. Bulk-derived stability and roughness errors are also examined. The analysis is performed with two scenarios for the constituent wind speed, air temperature, water temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and measurement altitude uncertainties. The error scenarios are constructed from published estimates and used to simulate the typical sensor inaccuracies and ship-induced distortions of meteorological measurements made from weather ships. Four bulk transfer coefficient schemes are tested. The combined influence of the sensor inaccuracies and ship-induced distortions is found to result in a typical uncertainty of about 30% for an average stress of 0.2 N m−2, 50% for an average sensible heat flux of ±25 W m−2, 50% for an average latent heat flux of ±40 W m−2, 80% for an average Monin-Obukhov stability of ±0.06, 40%...
Reduced Field of View Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Congenital Spine Malformations.

BACKGROUND Reduced field of view diffusion-weighted imaging (rFOV DWI) is a more recently described technique in the evaluation of spine pathology. In adults, this technique has been shown to increase clinician confidence in identification of diffusion restricting lesions. PURPOSE In this study, we evaluate the image quality and diagnostic confidence of the rFOV DWI technique in pediatric spine MRI. METHODS We included patients with MRI of the lumbar spine for suspected congenital abnormalities who had conventional SS-EPI (single shot echo planar imaging) with full field of view (fFOV) and rFOV DWI performed. Images were graded for image quality and observer confidence for detection of lesions with reduced diffusion. Position of the conus and L3 vertebral body measurements were recorded. Comparisons were made between the fFOV and rFOV scores. RESULTS Fifty children (30 girls, 20 boys) were included (median 3.6 years). Compared to the fFOV images, the rFOV images scored higher in image quality (P < 0.0001) and for confidence in detecting lesions with reduced diffusion (P < 0.0001). The average spread of identified conus position was smaller for in rFOV compared to fFOV (P = 0.0042). There was no significant difference in the L3 vertebral body measurements between the two methods. In rFOV, the anterior aspects of the vertebral bodies were excluded in a few studies due to narrow FOV. CONCLUSION rFOV DWI of the lumbar spine in the pediatric population has qualitatively improved image quality and observer confidence for lesion detection when compared to conventional fFOV SS-EPI DWI.
The role of ANGPTL3 in controlling lipoprotein metabolism

Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a secretory protein regulating plasma lipid levels via affecting lipoprotein lipase- and endothelial lipase-mediated hydrolysis of triglycerides and phospholipids. ANGPTL3-deficiency due to loss-of-function mutations in the ANGPTL3 gene causes familial combined hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL2, OMIM # 605019), a phenotype characterized by low concentration of all major lipoprotein classes in circulation. ANGPTL3 is therefore a potential therapeutic target to treat combined hyperlipidemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. This review focuses on the mechanisms behind ANGPTL3-deficiency induced FHBL2.
Schönlein-Henoch syndrome in adults.

Nine adult patients, aged from 16 to 70 years, (mean 42 years), with Schonlein-Henoch syndrome were studied during the acute stage of their illness. Each presented with the typical purpuric skin rash, and renal disease was found in every case. Microscopic haematuria and proteinuria were consistently found and red cell casts were seen in urine from five patients. Kidney biopsy performed on nine patients showed focal glomerulonephritis in seven cases and diffuse proliferative nephritis in two. The finding of mesangial deposits of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in seven of eight patients is in agreement with recent reports suggesting that the syndrome is an immune complex disorder. The diffuse proliferative lesion was accompanied by loss of renal function, but there were no fatalities in this series. Corticosteroids administered during the acute stage appear to ameliorate the symptoms, especially the arthralgia and abdominal pain, and may prevent progression of the renal disease in some cases.
Two Narratives of Intergenerational Sustainability: A Framework for Sustainable Thinking

This article recognizes that institutional survival alone is an important, but ultimately insufficient, goal for public and non-profit organizations. Instead, the article approaches organizational sustainability as a two-level concept that includes both institutional survival, as a baseline for sustainability, and intergenerational or longer term sustainability, understood as the ability of public institutions to persist and fulfill their purpose in the long run. The article is based on the findings of research conducted on a variety of public and non-profit cultural organizations, including museums, music and performing arts, and literature. However, the case of museums is used to illustrate two narratives of intergenerational sustainability: institutional resilience and institutional distinctiveness. The article notes that these narratives co-exist, although at times they contradict each other. It is the task of museum managers to reconcile the tensions embedded in these narratives via sustainable manag...
Renal Protective Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Renal dysfunction and hypertension are closely associated. Hypertension causes approximately 25% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and develops in virtually every patient with advanced renal insufficiency from any cause. Although normalization of blood pressure can reduce mortality from uremia and ameliorate the progression of renal impairment in patients with established renal insufficiency from hypertension and diabetes, antihypertensive therapy alone is not totally effective in preventing progressive compromise of renal function--especially in blacks and diabetics, who are at high risk for developing ESRD. Of particular promise is the rapidly increasing understanding of the intrarenal autocrine and paracrine functions of angiotensin II produced locally by a tissue renin-angiotensin system. Consistent and convincing experimental data have demonstrated that angiotensin II plays many roles in the control of renal function and the kidney's response to injury. The intrarenal effects of angiotensin II include: 1) increase in the efferent arteriolar tone, resulting in increased glomerular capillary pressure, 2) promotion of mesangial cell contraction, 3) stimulation of proximal tubular Na+ reabsorption, and 4) possible growth hormone effects leading to hypertrophy or hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle. Because of their favorable intrarenal hemodynamic effects (particularly reduction of glomerular capillary pressure), ACE inhibitors may provide a renal protective effect in addition to their systemic antihypertensive effects. Clinical trials evaluating the effect of ACE inhibition on the progression of renal insufficiency in hypertensives and diabetics are currently under way. Favorable results could lead to a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension.
Relationship between Age of Dam with Calving Ease and Birth Weight of Simmental Calves

Records from 123,656 Simmental calves (75% and 88% Simmental) were used to study the effect of age of dam on calving ease and birth weight. Calving ease was scored from 1 to 4 (1 = unassisted, 2 to 4 = various levels of assistance). Scores were recorded so that the percentage of assisted births could be calculated. Mean percentage of assisted births and birth weights for each age of dam in months, sex and Simmental percentage subclass were subjected to statistical analysis. Although sex and Simmental percentage occasionally interacted with age of dam for percentage of assisted births, in general, as age of dam increased the percentage of assisted births decreased in dams normally classified as 2-yr-olds (21 mo to 33 mo of age), whereas birth weight remained fairly constant. These results suggest that including age of dam in months in the mixed-model equations for sire evaluation for calving ease could improve the accuracy of these procedures.
Synthesis and secretion of endothelin in a cortical collecting duct cell line

Previous experiments have shown that epithelial cells in the renal medulla produce endothelin-1 (ET-1) and possess ETB receptors. It has been suggested that medullary ET-1 may affect water and sodium absorption along the collecting ducts in an autocrine fashion. To study possible mechanisms responsible for the regulation of medullary ET-1 production, experiments were performed in M-1 cells and mIMCD-K2 cells, cell lines derived from cortical and inner medullary collecting ducts of SV40 transgenic mice, grown to confluence on collagen-coated filter inserts. Both cell lines were found to express ET-1 mRNA and to secrete ET almost exclusively into the basolateral medium as long as the transepithelial resistance was high. Inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D was followed by a decline in both ET mRNA [halftime (t1/2) = 30 min] and ET secretion (t1/2 = approximately 90 min). The addition of arginine vasopressin (AVP, 10(-8) M; 2- or 4-h exposure) or incubation of M-1 cells in hypertonic media (+50 mM NaCl, 4- or 6-h exposure) did not significantly alter ET secretion or ET-1 mRNA expression. In contrast, simultaneously increasing AVP(10(-8) M in the basolateral medium) and tonicity (+50 mM NaCl) for 4 h increased ET secretion (from 28.9 +/- 3.9 to 41.8 +/- 3.8 pg.h-1.mg protein-1; P = 0.029, n = 10) and ET-1 mRNA (control = 2,138 cpm/microliter, log of 3.33 +/- 0.048, n = 4; AVP + NaCl = 3,548.1 cpm/microliter, log of 3.55 +/- 0.09; P = 0.045, n = 5). Exposure of M-1 cells to hypertonic media (+50 mM NaCl or 100 mM mannitol) for 24 h was associated with a marked reduction of ET secretion (-83.9% with NaCl and -78.4% with mannitol; P < 0.0001). This reduction was attenuated, but not prevented, by the presence of AVP in the basolateral medium (-40%). ET-1 mRNA, in contrast, did not change with 24-h exposure to hypertonic media and increased when AVP was present. Results are compatible with the concept that generation of ET by collecting duct cells may contribute in a complex and time-dependent fashion to the paracrine control of collecting duct cell function.
TENTATIVE AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE OF BOVINE-LIVER GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE AND CERTAIN PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYME

SUMMARY 1. We have almost completed the amino-acid sequence of the subunit polypeptide chain of glutamate dehydrogenase. This chain consists of 506 amino-acid residues. To complete this work, a few residues must still be placed in sequence, the possible amide nature of a few residues must be determined, and two gaps in the sequence must be closed. 2. By inactivation of the enzyme with pyridoxal phosphate we have demonstrated the presence of a uniquely reactive lysyl residue at position 97 in the chain. We have further established that specific nitration of tyrosine-412 desensitizes the dehydrogenase to the allosteric modifier GTP. 3. Comparison of the sequences of glutamate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase indicates strong homology only for a twelve-residue sequence in each enzyme. Of these, six residues are identical and the others are related through single base changes in the nucleotide triplet codons. The twelve-residue sequence of glutamate dehydrogenase includes the reactive lysine-97.
Experimentally determining the relative efficiency of spherically bent germanium and quartz crystals

We have used the EBIT-I electron beam ion trap at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and a duplicate Orion High Resolution X-ray Spectrometer (OHREX) to measure the relative efficiency of a spherically bent quartz (1011) crystal (2d = 6.687 A) and a spherically bent germanium (111) crystal (2d = 6.532 A). L-shell X-ray photons from highly charged molybdenum ions generated in EBIT-I were simultaneously focussed and Bragg reflected by each crystal, both housed in a single spectrometer, onto a single CCD X-ray detector. The flux from each crystal was then directly compared. Our results show that the germanium crystal has a reflection efficiency significantly better than the quartz crystal, however, the energy resolution is significantly worse. Moreover, we find that the spatial focussing properties of the germanium crystal are worse than those of the quartz crystal. Details of the experiment are presented, and we discuss the advantages of using either crystal on a streak-camera equipped OHREX spectrometer.
Disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis following renal transplant with alemtuzumab induction

Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents unique challenges in the peritransplant period. Here, we describe a case of disseminated tuberculosis following renal transplantation with alemtuzumab induction immunosuppression in a patient with remotely treated pulmonary tuberculosis and ongoing risk factors for re-infection. We also review the available literature regarding the prevalence of tuberculosis infection following solid organ transplant and management of high-risk patients, including the role for isoniazid preventative therapy.
A scaffold merging approach to Hsp90 C-terminal inhibition: synthesis and evaluation of a chimeric library

Inhibition of the Hsp90 C-terminus is an attractive therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of cancer, however the developmental space of C-terminal inhibitors is limited. It was hypothesized that the combination of two previously identified scaffolds into a single structure could provide a platform for which to probe the three-dimensional space within the Hsp90 C-terminal binding pocket. The resulting chimeric compounds displayed anti-proliferative activity at low micromolar concentrations and manifested inhibitory activity in an Hsp90-dependent rematuration assay. Initial structure-activity relationships suggest that this new scaffold binds Hsp90 in a conformation different from that of the parent compounds, and consequently, provides a new opportunity to develop more efficacious inhibitors of the Hsp90 C-terminal binding pocket.
Brown and Korringa constants for heterogeneous thinly layered poroelastic media

Macromechanical characterization of a layered poroelastic package treated as a homogeneous (upscaled) medium is presented. The characterization is based on the knowledge of the poroelastic properties of the package's constituents. Specifically, we provide closed-form expressions for the sum of the fourth-order average elastic compliances tensor Sijkk′ of the solid frame and pore-space compressibility 1/Kϕ, previously defined in Brown and Korringa's extended formulation of the Gassmann's fluid substitution equations. These constants allow, thus, to perform fluid substitution on an upscaled composite consisting of poroelastic layers. Each layer within the layered package is assumed to have isotropic symmetry, uniform porosity, single pore-filling fluid, and comprised of several homogeneously-distributed mineral phases such that each layer is approximately Gassmann consistent; however, the fluid and mineral phases as well as the porosity may vary from one layer to the next along the package. In addition, we obtain insights into the sensitivity of Sijkk′ and 1/Kϕ when an approximate fluid substitution operation is used. Moreover, it is shown that the Sijkl′ of the upscaled medium can have transverse isotropy symmetry. The degree of anisotropy is controlled by the volume fractions of individual layers and the contrast of elastic properties between the layers. The results for Sijkk′ and 1/Kϕ are compared to those obtained by Berryman and Milton (BM) for a two-phase isotropic composite. At a limiting case of an effectively-isotropic medium, this paper's results coincide with those of BM.
Circuit feedback increases activity level of a circuit input through interactions with intrinsic properties

Feedback from central pattern generator (CPG) circuits patterns activity of their projection neuron inputs. However, whether the intraburst firing rate between rhythmic feedback inhibition is also ...
Oscillations during observations: Dynamic oscillatory networks serving visuospatial attention

The dynamic allocation of neural resources to discrete features within a visual scene enables us to react quickly and accurately to salient environmental circumstances. A network of bilateral cortical regions is known to subserve such visuospatial attention functions; however the oscillatory and functional connectivity dynamics of information coding within this network are not fully understood. Particularly, the coding of information within prototypical attention-network hubs and the subsecond functional connections formed between these hubs have not been adequately characterized. Herein, we use the precise temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to define spectrally specific functional nodes and connections that underlie the deployment of attention in visual space. Twenty-three healthy young adults completed a visuospatial discrimination task designed to elicit multispectral activity in visual cortex during MEG, and the resulting data were preprocessed and reconstructed in the time-frequency domain. Oscillatory responses were projected to the cortical surface using a beamformer, and time series were extracted from peak voxels to examine their temporal evolution. Dynamic functional connectivity was then computed between nodes within each frequency band of interest. We find that visual attention network nodes are defined functionally by oscillatory frequency, that the allocation of attention to the visual space dynamically modulates functional connectivity between these regions on a millisecond timescale, and that these modulations significantly correlate with performance on a spatial discrimination task. We conclude that functional hubs underlying visuospatial attention are segregated not only anatomically but also by oscillatory frequency, and importantly that these oscillatory signatures promote dynamic communication between these hubs. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5128-5140, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
‘Ye Worship Ye Know Not What’? The Apophatic Turn and the Trinity

This article studies three advocates of the ‘apophatic turn’ in recent trinitarian theology: Karen Kilby, Sarah Coakley and Katherine Sonderegger. I evaluate particular uses to which they put apophaticism in relation to the doctrine of the Trinity, dialogically building a case for an integrative approach. I conclude by sketching several constructive implications of this approach.
Can Adversaries Communicate

The relationship between Austria and Russia was without hint of conflict in the first half of the nineteenth century. Austrians wept with joy when Russia offered military assistance against the Hungarians, and the Austrian Emperor traveled to Warsaw, where he knelt on one knee to kiss the Tsar's hand. The two powers signed an agreement to conduct their foreign policies “only together and in a perfect spirit of solidarity,” and the Tsar told foreign diplomats, “when I speak of Russia, I speak of Austria as well.” Yet, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, the two empires were in constant tension, and often directly at odds. Russia offered aid and support against Austrian interests, first to Sardinia and Prussia, enabling those states to form Italy and Germany, and later to Serbia and other Balkan powers, leading to the World War. This dramatic shift in Russian policy towards Austria happened suddenly in the 1850s and did not result from changes in national capabilities or material interests; what brought it about? Another important shift in European politics occurred during the Great Eastern Crisis in 1876. Germany and Russia had previously had the closest of relations, while Germany and Austria had fought a war a decade before. Yet, during the Great Eastern Crisis, a rift formed between Germany and Russia, while Germany and Austria–Hungary drew closer together. The German statesman, Otto von Bismarck, was convinced that the words his ambassador to Russia had uttered to the Tsar had brought about this “new situation” in Europe. Soon after, Germany signed the alliance with Austria that lasted until both Empires were destroyed fighting side by side in the cataclysm of the First World War. What did produce this new situation and how did it then convince Germany and Austria to bind themselves in a rare, permanent alliance despite having recently fought each other in a war? The twentieth century contains many examples of similar shifts in leaders’ beliefs and policies with lasting consequences. At the turn of the century, for instance, Russo-Austrian relations were merely conflictual, but by 1914, the Austrian emperor had come to believe that Russian policy aimed at “the destruction of my empire.” Austrian statesmen, who had previously rated Germany an unreliable ally, came to believe instead during the July Crisis that Germany could be relied upon in an existential struggle.
Substituted-cysteine accessibility and cross-linking identify an exofacial cleft in the 7th and 8th helices of the proton-coupled folate transporter (SLC46A1)

The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1) is required for folate transport across the apical membrane of the small intestine and across the choroid plexus. This study focuses on the stru...
A Comparison of Removal Rates of Headless Screws Versus Headed Screws in Calcaneal Osteotomy

Background: Calcaneal osteotomy has been used to successfully treat both valgus and varus hindfoot deformities. Pain associated with implanted hardware may lead to further surgical intervention for...
The existence of KS 3 ( v ;2,4)

Abstract A Kirkman square with index λ, latinicity μ, block size k and v points, KSk(v; μ, λ), is a t × t array (t = λ(v − 1/μ(k − 1)) defined on a v-set V such that (1) every point of V is contained in precisely μ cells of each row and column, (2) each cell of the array is either empty or contains a k-subset of V, and (3) the collection of blocks obtained from the non-empty cells of the array is a (v, k, λ)-BIBD. The existence of KS2(v; μ, λ) has been completely settled. The existence of a first class for k = 3, KS3(v; 1, 2), was recently established in Lamken (1995). In this paper, we determine the spectrum of KS3(v; 2, 4) with at most two possible exceptions for v. Our main construction uses partitioned generalized balanced tournament designs; it is the first case of a very general construction for KSk(v; μ, λ).
Clinicopathologic Features and Chromosome 12p Status of Pediatric Sacrococcygeal Teratomas: A Multi-institutional Analysis:

Chromosome 12p gains are typically present in postpubertal male patients with testicular malignant germ cell tumors, including most teratomas, and absent in pure ovarian teratomas, both mature and immature. We sought to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and chromosome 12p status of pediatric patients with sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) using the institutional databases of 2 tertiary medical centers. Seven mature teratomas (3 pure, 2 with yolk sac tumor, 1 with medulloepithelioma, and 1 with ependymoma) and 3 immature teratomas (2 pure: grade 2 and grade 3 and 1 mixed: grade 3 with yolk sac tumor) were identified. All patients underwent surgery and 2 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed to elucidate chromosome 12p gains, including isochromosome 12p. All 10 tumors analyzed lacked 12p gains regardless of the components. No patient had evidence of disease at their most recent interval follow-up (mean: 30, range: 7-91 months), irrespective of margin status or of receiving chemotherapy. Overall, our study suggests an absence of chromosome 12p abnormalities in clinically nonaggressive SCTs. Additional data are required to confirm these findings before definitive patient care recommendations can be made.
RF tomography of metallic objects in free space: preliminary results

RF tomography has great potential in defense and homeland security applications. A distributed sensing research facility is under development at Air Force Research Lab. To develop a RF tomographic imaging system for the facility, preliminary experiments have been performed in an indoor range with 12 radar sensors distributed on a circle of 3m radius. Ultra-wideband pulses are used to illuminate single and multiple metallic targets. The echoes received by distributed sensors were processed and combined for tomography reconstruction. Traditional matched filter algorithm and truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm are compared in terms of their complexity, accuracy, and suitability for distributed processing. A new algorithm is proposed for shape reconstruction, which jointly estimates the object boundary and scatter points on the waveform’s propagation path. The results show that the new algorithm allows accurate reconstruction of object shape, which is not available through the matched filter and truncated SVD algorithms.
Addressing the [O III]/Hβ offset of dwarf galaxies in the RESOLVE survey

Metal poor dwarf galaxies in the local universe, such as those found in the RESOLVE galaxy survey, often produce high [O III]/H\b{eta} ratios close to the star forming demarcation lines of the diagnostic BPT diagram. Modeling the emission from these galaxies at lower metallicities generally underpredicts this line ratio, which is typically attributed to a deficit of photons >35 eV. We show that applying a model that includes empirical abundances scaled with metallicity strongly influences the thermal balance in HII regions and preserves the [O III]/H\b{eta} offset even in the presence of a harder radiation field generated by interacting binaries. Additional heating mechanisms are more successful in addressing the offset. In accordance with the high sSFR typical of dwarf galaxies in the sample, we demonstrate that cosmic ray heating serves as one mechanism capable of aligning spectral synthesis predictions with observations. We also show that incorporating a range of physical conditions in our modeling can create even better agreement between model calculations and observed emission line ratios. Together these results emphasize that both the hardness of the incident continuum and the variety of physical conditions present in nebular gas clouds must be accurately accounted for prior to drawing conclusions from emission line diagnostic diagrams.
On the variety of Lagrangian subalgebras

We study Lagrangian subalgebras of a semisimple Lie algebra with respect to the imaginary part of the Killing form. We show that the variety $\Lagr$ of Lagrangian subalgebras carries a natural Poisson structure $\Pi$. We determine the irreducible components of $\Lagr$, and we show that each irreducible component is a smooth fiber bundle over a generalized flag variety, and that the fiber is the product of the real points of a De Concini-Procesi compactification and a compact homogeneous space. We study some properties of the Poisson structure $\Pi$ and show that it contains many interesting Poisson submanifolds.
High power density spring-assisted nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for low base-accelerations

Abstract This work explores an enhanced magnetic spring based energy harvester design that uses a dual-mass and a geometrically nonlinear mechanical planar spring as a route to significantly improve power metrics of traditional magnetic spring based energy harvesters. Prototypes of the enhanced harvester are constructed and characterized experimentally. Nonlinear dynamical models of the harvester are developed and validated against experimental data. Additionally, prototypes of the commonly studied magnetic spring based energy harvesters are constructed, characterized, and modeled. Results show excellent agreement between model simulations and experimental data. Results show that the enhanced harvester significantly outperforms the commonly studied magnetic spring based vibration energy harvesters, especially at low acceleration levels. The enhanced harvester generates 1.97 [mW/cm3 g2] at 0.4 g [m/s2] which is approximately 400% the amount of power generated by the traditional magnetic spring based harvester, i.e. 0.5 [mW/cm3 g2]. Additionally, the half-power frequency bandwidth of the enhanced harvester is 90% wider compared to the traditional harvester. At lower acceleration, i.e. 0.1 g [m/s2], the enhanced harvester exhibits 4000% increase in power metrics compared to the traditional harvester. This makes the presented enhanced harvester design exceptionally suitable for applications where low acceleration oscillations are abundant including harvesting vibrations from highway bridges and human body motion.
CHARACTERIZING THE EFFECTS OF HOSTILE ARCHITECTURE ON THE HEALTH GOALS OF HOUSELESS ELDERS

Over 12,000 residents of Seattle experienced houselessness in 2018—among them, 70% reported having health conditions, 17.5% were over 50, and over half do not access emergency housing services. Local governments increasingly use strategies aimed at deterring unhoused populations from using public space. This research aimed to characterize the effects of urban planning interventions on the health goals among older disabled adults experiencing houselessness. Agency-based focus groups were conducted with adults over 50 who self-identified as disabled and met the federal criteria for homelessness. Through participatory mapping methods, constituents identified places where opportunities and barriers toward achieving health goals were experienced. Findings indicate lived experiences of confinement, exclusion, and loss of autonomy as well as creative negotiation and reclamation of space. This research equips advocates and providers with spatial data to increase public awareness, enrich local advocacy efforts, and offer new methodologies for enhancing social work perspectives on place and aging.
An emended description of the freshwater araphid genus Ambistria: a rare diatom from North American Eocene localities

In 1968, Lohman and Andrews described the freshwater araphid diatom genus Ambistria from the Wagon Bed Formation, a Late Eocene deposit in Wyoming, U.S.A. The genus was distinguished from other gen...
Uma abordagem para o ensino através de Questões Sociocientíficas e aprendizagem baseada em modelos (SIMBL)

Teaching with Socio-Scientific issues (SSI) represents a specific approach to STSE education. SSI teaching has been shown to support student learning and to advance progressive notions of scientific literacy. However, the approach can be challenging to enact, and our team has been working to develop a framework to support SSI teaching. Our early efforts led to creation of a teaching sequence which describes sequential phases for implementing an SSI unit. Subsequent work with teachers enacting SSI led to development of a set of six essential features of Socioscientific Issue and Model Based Learning (SIMBL) learning. These features focus on learning opportunities that students should have as they engage with SSI. The six features are 1) explore underlying scientific phenomena, 2) engage in scientific modeling, 3) consider issue system dynamics, 4) employ information and media literacy strategies, 5) compare and contrast multiple perspectives, and 6) elucidate own position/solution. We present examples taken from two modules, one designed for high school student exploration of climate change and the other designed for elementary school student exploration of butterfly habitat loss, to illustrate ways in which each of the essential features can be addressed in science classrooms.