cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of mitochondria from ox neck muscle after storage in situ

1. 1. Intact mitochondria were isolated from ox neck muscle after storage in situ at 2°, 10° and 20° C for up to a maximum period of 10 days at 2° C. These mitochondria could still carry out oxidative phosphorylation and take up Ca2+ but showed a progressive decline in the rate of Ca2+ uptake and State 3 respiration, which in turn was responsible for the general decline in the respiratory control index. 2. 2. Site III was found to be the most stable to post-mortem storage and Site I the least stable, indicating that the oxidation of the citric acid cycle intermediates in ox neck muscle mitochondria was more sensitive to storage than the cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity. 3. 3. Storage of mitochondria resulted in a 40% loss of cytochrome c at about 8 days at 2° C. This was mainly the cause of the observed decline in State 3 respiration in these mitochondria. Addition of cytochromec to mitochondria after 10 days storage in situ at 2° C increased the State 3 respiration for the oxidation of ascorbate plus TMPD from 41% to 92%, and of succinate from 24% to 55%. 4. 4. Post-mortem storage of mitochondria affected the aerobic steady state reduction of cytochrome b, decreasing from 65% at 30 minutes post-mortem to 40% after 7 days storage at 2° C. 5. 5. Mitochondria after 10 days storage at 2° C still retained their ability to undergo osmotically-induced swelling and contraction but swelled more readily in 15 mM sucrose than mitochondria isolated from muscle at 30 minutes post-mortem. They tended to form helical paracrystalline inclusions in their intramitochondrial spaces (Cheah, Cheah & Voyle, 1973).
Quantitative amine functionalization of polymeric organolithium compounds with 3‐dimethylaminopropyl chloride in the presence of lithium chloride

The addition of lithium chloride promoted the coupling reaction of hydrocarbon solutions of poly(styryl)lithium (PSLi) and poly(isoprenyl)lithium (PILi) with 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride to form the corresponding w-dimethylamino-functionalized polymers. Quantitative amine functionalization was achieved for PSLi and PILi in the presence of 1 and 10 equivalents, respectively, of LiCl in benzene; the functionalization efficiency was only 67% for PSLi and 85% for PILi in the absence of LiCl. The polymer products were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and amine end-group titration. The pure amine-functionalized polymers were isolated by silica gel column chromatography.
Polymetamorphism of marbles in the Morin terrane, Grenville Province, Quebec

The Morin terrane (Grenville Province, Quebec) is dominated by the 1.15 Ga Morin Anorthosite Massif and related granitic intrusions, all of which exhibit granulite-facies mineral assemblages. Anorthosite-suite rocks are deformed both in shear zones and in the interior of the terrane and show intrusive contact relations with marble along road cuts near the village of St. Jovite. Intrusive rocks exposed in these road cuts have well-developed skarns, which were deformed with the intrusions after emplacement. Skarn minerals are consumed by garnet-forming reactions (e.g., An + Wo = Gr + Qtz) that preserve granulite-facies temperatures and pressures. Calcitegraphite thermometry of Morin terrane marbles records temperatures of 755 ± 38 °C (n = 21), independent of proximity to anorthosite-suite plutons. Preserved metamorphic conditions and the retrograde pressuretemperature (PT) path in the Morin terrane are very similar to conditions during the 1.07 Ga Ottawan orogeny in the Adirondack Highlands. Metamorphism...
Influence of the normal personality dimension of neuroticism on chest pain symptoms and coronary artery disease.

Abstract For at least the last 200 years it has been suspected that somatic manifestations of psychological distress play a role in the medical recognition and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). The cardiovascular system is intricately linked to the experience of emotion, and these links may explain how and when neuroticism can cloud the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. A possible source of anginal symptoms in the absence of angiographically documented CAD is high standing on the personality dimension of neuroticism, which is a broad dimension of individual differences in the tendency to experience negative, distressing emotions and to possess associated behavioral and cognitive traits. A brief review of the clinical cardiologic literature on chest pain is presented, with special attention to distinguishing true angina pectoris from pseudoangina and related syndromes. After a brief description of the major dimensions of normal personality, especially the domain of neuroticism, empirical evidence is reviewed on 1,191 adult men and women who 10 years earlier had made chest pain or discomfort reports part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The findings illustrate neuroticism's links to illness and disease. When the mean initial neuroticism levels of the chest pain groups were compared, significantly higher initial levels of neuroticism were found for those who reported any pain or discomfort. As hypothesized, logistic regression results on myocardial infarction death indicated no increased risk due to neuroticism. Neuroticism was related to increased somatic complaints, including chest pain or angina-like complaints, but was not causally or etiologically related to objective signs or pathophysiologic evidence of disease, especially CAD. Implications of assessing patients' neuroticism for diagnosis of their chest pain are examined.
Shock waves in a one-dimensional Bose gas: From a Bose-Einstein condensate to a Tonks gas

We derive and analyze shock-wave solutions of hydrodynamic equations describing repulsively interacting one-dimensional Bose gas. We also use the number-conserving Bogolubov approach to verify accuracy of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in shock wave problems. We show that quantum corrections to dynamics of shocks (dark-shock-originated solitons) in a Bose-Einstein condensate are negligible (important) for a realistic set of system parameters. We point out possible signatures of a Bose-Einstein condensate---Tonks crossover in shock dynamics. Our findings can be directly verified in different experimental setups.
OMCAT: optimal maintenance of continuous queries' answers for trajectories

We present our prototype system, OMCAT, which optimizes the reevaluation of a set of pending continuous spatio-temporal queries on trajectory data, when some of the trajectories are affected by traffic abnormalities reported. The key observation that motivates OMCAT is that an abnormality in a given geographical region may cause changes to the answers of queries pertaining to future portions of affected trajectories. We investigate the sources of context-switching costs at various levels and propose solutions that utilize the correlation of several context dimensions to orchestrate the reevaluation of the queries. OMCAT, fully implemented on top of an existing Object Relational Database Management System - Oracle 9i, demonstrates that our techniques can substantially reduce the response time during query answer update.
Characterization of the Acetate Binding Pocket in the Methanosarcina thermophila Acetate Kinase

Acetate kinase catalyzes the reversible magnesium-dependent synthesis of acetyl phosphate by transfer of the ATP γ-phosphoryl group to acetate. Inspection of the crystal structure of the Methanosarcina thermophila enzyme containing only ADP revealed a solvent-accessible hydrophobic pocket formed by residues Val93, Leu122, Phe179, and Pro232 in the active site cleft, which identified a potential acetate binding site. The hypothesis that this was a binding site was further supported by alignment of all acetate kinase sequences available from databases, which showed strict conservation of all four residues, and the recent crystal structure of the M. thermophila enzyme with acetate bound in this pocket. Replacement of each residue in the pocket produced variants with Km values for acetate that were 7- to 26-fold greater than that of the wild type, and perturbations of this binding pocket also altered the specificity for longer-chain carboxylic acids and acetyl phosphate. The kinetic analyses of variants combined with structural modeling indicated that the pocket has roles in binding the methyl group of acetate, influencing substrate specificity, and orienting the carboxyl group. The kinetic analyses also indicated that binding of acetyl phosphate is more dependent on interactions of the phosphate group with an unidentified residue than on interactions between the methyl group and the hydrophobic pocket. The analyses also indicated that Phe179 is essential for catalysis, possibly for domain closure. Alignments of acetate kinase, propionate kinase, and butyrate kinase sequences obtained from databases suggested that these enzymes have similar catalytic mechanisms and carboxylic acid substrate binding sites.
Blended/hybrid course design in Active Learning Cloud at South Dakota State University

Learning effectiveness is always the central activity in higher education. Teaching delivery modes from face-to-face to online and to blended/hybrid phases reflect the progress and evolution of research and practices in teaching pedagogies. Course design for blended/hybrid learning including redesign of learning contents, student engagement, and learning assessment are discussed in the paper. South Dakota State University is developing an Active Learning Cloud Program, a teaching-learning networked system, which makes blended/hybrid course redesign possible and effective. A case study of a mechanical engineering course redesign is presented and discussed. Learning effectiveness is compared with its traditional and online course delivery. It indicates that blended/hybrid learning provides a better ideology for the choice of teaching learning methods with varieties of e-learning tools in online and in-class dual learning environment.
Delineation of forest/nonforest land use classes using nearest neighbor methods

The k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) method of forest attribute estimation and mapping has become an integral part of national forest inventory methods in Finland in the last decade. This success of kNN method in facilitating multi-source inventory has encouraged trials of the method in the Great Lakes Region of the United States. Here we present results from applying the method to Landsat TM and ETM+ data and land cover data collected by the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. In 1999, the FIA program in the state of Minnesota moved to a new annual inventory design to reach its targeted full sampling intensity over a 5-year period. This inventory design also utilizes a new 4-subplot cluster plot configuration. Using this new plot design together with 1 year of field plot observations, the kNN classification of forest/nonforest/water achieved overall accuracies ranging from 87% to 91%. Our analysis revealed several important behavioral features associated with kNN classification using the new FIA sample plot design. Results demonstrate the simplicity and utility of using kNN to produce FIA defined forest/nonforest/water classifications.
Optimized generation of high resolution breast anthropomorphic software phantoms

Purpose: The authors present an efficient method for generating anthropomorphic software breast phantoms with high spatial resolution. Employing the same region growing principles as in their previous algorithm for breast anatomy simulation, the present method has been optimized for computational complexity to allow for fast generation of the large number of phantoms required in virtual clinical trials of breast imaging. Methods: The new breast anatomy simulation method performs a direct calculation of the Cooper's ligaments (i.e., the borders between simulated adipose compartments). The calculation corresponds to quadratic decision boundaries of a maximum a posteriori classifier. The method is multiscale due to the use of octree-based recursive partitioning of the phantom volume. The method also provides user-control of the thickness of the simulated Cooper's ligaments and skin. Results: Using the proposed method, the authors have generated phantoms with voxel size in the range of (25-1000 μm)3voxel. The power regression of the simulation time as a function of the reciprocal voxel size yielded a log-log slope of 1.95 (compared to a slope of 4.53 of our previous region growing algorithm). Conclusions: A new algorithm for computer simulation of breast anatomy has been proposed that allows for fast generation of high resolution anthropomorphic software phantoms. (Less)
Video game device haptic interface for robotic arc welding

Recent advances in technology for video games have made a broad array of haptic feedback devices available at low cost. This paper presents a bi-manual haptic system to enable an operator to weld remotely using a commercially available haptic feedback video game device for the user interface. The system showed good performance in initial tests, demonstrating the utility of low cost input devices for remote haptic operations.
Segregation of Na/H exchanger-3 and Cl/HCO3 exchanger SLC26A3 (DRA) in rodent cecum and colon

The colon is believed to absorb NaCl via the coupled operation of apical Na/H exchanger-3 (NHE3) and Cl/HCO(3) exchanger SLC26A3 (DRA). Efficient coupling requires that NHE3 and DRA operate in close proximity within common luminal and cytosolic microenvironments. Thus we examined whether these proteins coexist along the apical margin of surface enterocytes by quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy in consecutive colon segments from nonfasted mice and rats. The cecocolonic profiles of NHE3 and DRA expression were roughly inverse; NHE3 was highest in proximal colon (PC) and negligible in distal colon, whereas DRA was absent in early PC and highest in the late midcolon, and DRA was prominent in the cecum whereas NHE3 was not. NHE3 and DRA coexisted only in the middle third of the colon. The consequences of unpaired NHE3/DRA expression on mucosal surface (subscript MS) pH and Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)]) were assessed in nonfasted rats in situ using miniature electrodes. In the cecum, where only DRA is expressed, pH(MS) was approximately 7.5, markedly higher than underlaying stool (6.3), consistent with net HCO(3)(-) secretion. In the early PC, where NHE3 is not expressed with DRA, pH(MS) was acidic (6.2), consistent with unopposed H(+) secretion. [Na(+)](MS) was approximately 60 mM in the cecum, decreased along the PC to approximately 20 mM, and declined further to approximately 10 mM distally. Cl(-) was secreted into the PC, then reabsorbed distally. Our results suggest a model in which 1) unpaired DRA activity in the cecum maintains an alkaline mucosal surface that could neutralize fermentative H(+); 2) unpaired NHE3 activity in the early PC preserves an acidic mucosal surface that could energize short-chain fatty acid absorption; and 3) coupled NHE3/DRA activities in the midcolon allow for vigorous NaCl absorption at a neutral pH(MS).
Contribution of the Alanine-Rich Region of Streptococcus mutans P1 to Antigenicity, Surface Expression, and Interaction with the Proline-Rich Repeat Domain

Streptococcus mutans is considered to be the major etiologic agent of human dental caries. Attachment of S. mutans to the tooth surface is required for the development of caries and is mediated, in part, by the 185-kDa surface protein variously known as antigen I/II, PAc, and P1. Such proteins are expressed by nearly all species of oral streptococci. Characteristics of P1 include an alanine-rich repeat region and a centrally located proline-rich repeat region. The proline-rich region of P1 has been shown to be important for the translational stability and translocation of P1 through the bacterial membrane. We show here that (i) several anti-P1 monoclonal antibodies require the simultaneous presence of the alanine-rich and proline-rich regions for binding, (ii) the proline-rich region of P1 interacts with the alanine-rich region, (iii) like the proline-rich region, the alanine-rich region is required for the stability and translocation of P1, (iv) both the proline-rich and alanine-rich regions are required for secretion of P1 in Escherichia coli, and (v) in E. coli, P1 is secreted in the absence of SecB.
Indirect interaction in semiconductors

Abstract We consider the electron mediated indirect interaction between localized neutral defects in semiconductors with s - and p -band edges located at the center of the Brillouin Zone. Based on wavefunction symmetry, we conclude that electrons occupying different valence bands mediate interactions of different signs. Quantitative calculations based on the isotropic k · p band structure for a series of III-V and II-VI semiconductors show that while the net interaction is attractive between nearest neighbor defects, it becomes repulsive for defects separated by one or more lattice constants.
FDTD formulation for frequency dependent permittivity

Current finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) formulations require the permittivity, permeability, and conductivity to be constant. However, for many real materials of interest these parameters vary significantly with frequency. The effects of constitutive parameters which vary with frequency are included in a frequency dependent FDTD formulation, (FD)/sup 2/TD, by extending the traditional Yee formulation to include discrete time-domain convolution. To apply (FD)/sup 2/TD all of the frequency domain information (in the complex permittivity function) is Fourier-transformed to a time-domain susceptibility function. To demonstrate (FD)/sup 2/TD computation of wideband reflections at an air-water interface the authors consider a one-dimensional problem space consisting of 1000 cells: 499 cells were used to model free space (air) and 501 cells were used for water. They compare (FD)/sup 2/TD results after 1200 time steps and FDTD results (with 20-GHz permittivity and conductivity values constant) after 8000 time steps with the exact analytical frequency domain result. The (FD)/sup 2/TD formulation is clearly much more accurate than traditional FDTD. >
Text Categorization Models for High-Quality Article Retrieval in Internal Medicine

Objective: Finding the best scientific evidence that applies to a patient problem is becoming exceedingly difficult due to the exponential growth of medical publications. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning techniques to automatically identify high-quality, content-specific articles for one time period in internalmedicineandcomparetheirperformancewithpreviousBoolean-basedPubMedclinicalqueryfiltersofHaynesetal. Design: The selection criteria of the ACP Journal Club for articles in internal medicine were the basis for identifying high-quality articles in the areas of etiology, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Naive Bayes, a specialized AdaBoost algorithm, and linear and polynomial support vector machines were applied to identify these articles. Measurements: The machine learning models were compared in each category with each other and with the clinical query filters using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 11-point average recall precision, and a sensitivity/specificity match method. Results: In most categories, the data-induced models have better or comparable sensitivity, specificity, and precision than the clinical query filters. The polynomial support vector machine models perform the best among all learning methods in ranking the articles as evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve and 11-point average recall precision. Conclusion: This research shows that, using machine learning methods, it is possible to automatically build models for retrieving high-quality, content-specific articles using inclusion or citation by the ACP Journal Club as a gold standard in a given time period in internal medicine that perform better than the 1994 PubMed clinical query filters. j J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2005;12:207-216. DOI 10.1197/jamia.M1641.
Is Urban Fathers’ Religion Important for Their Children’s Behavior?

Previous research suggests that many men increase their religious involvement after the birth of a new child. Using data on low-income urban fathers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW), this study extends this research by examining whether fathers maintain a higher rate of religious participation as children get older and how fathers’ religiosity may influence children’s behavior. Results suggest that although many urban fathers slightly increase their religious involvement after the birth of a child, most fathers attend religious services at a fairly consistent rate during the early years of their child’s life. Although there is only limited evidence suggesting that fathers’ religious involvement directly influences children’s behavior, there is evidence that fathers’ religiosity moderates the influence of other family characteristics on children; parental relationship quality and mothers’ religiosity are associated with fewer problem behaviors among children when fathers believe that religion is important to family life. Results also suggest that having a Black Protestant father is associated with fewer externalizing problem behaviors among young children. Overall, this study suggests that religion may be a source of support that encourages urban fathers to be engaged in their family life and promote positive development among children.
NoTamper: automatic blackbox detection of parameter tampering opportunities in web applications

Web applications rely heavily on client-side computation to examine and validate form inputs that are supplied by a user (e.g., "credit card expiration date must be valid"). This is typically done for two reasons: to reduce burden on the server and to avoid latencies in communicating with the server. However, when a server fails to replicate the validation performed on the client, it is potentially vulnerable to attack. In this paper, we present a novel approach for automatically detecting potential server-side vulnerabilities of this kind in existing (legacy) web applications through blackbox analysis. We discuss the design and implementation of NoTamper, a tool that realizes this approach. NoTamper has been employed to discover several previously unknown vulnerabilities in a number of open-source web applications and live web sites.
The immunology of HIV infection

A variety of immunologic abnormalities have been reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The most characteristic is a decrease in the number and function of CD4 helper/inducer T lymphocytes. Patients with HIV infection also have abnormalities in the number and activity of CD8 suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, defective soluble antigen recognition, polyclonal B cell activation, and decreased cytotoxicity. The CD4 cell defect is the most critical abnormality in the immunopathogenesis of HIV disease. Understanding the relationship of this defect to the appearance of clinical problems can contribute to the management of patients with HIV infection.
Dealing with "defectives" Foster Kennedy and William Lennox on eugenics.

Between 1936 and 1960, two prominent American neurologists, Foster Kennedy of Cornell and William G. Lennox of Harvard, wrote and spoke in favor of eugenics. In the pursuit of eugenic ends, these accomplished clinicians urged upon their colleagues and the public to adopt a program of sterilization for the “feebleminded” and euthanasia for the “hopelessly unfit.” Foster Kennedy (1884–1952), whose name attaches to the syndrome he described in 1911 of ipsilateral optic atrophy, contralateral papilledema, and anosmia that may be caused by frontal lobe tumors, achieved substantial professional, social, and financial success. Chief of Cornell’s neurology service at Bellevue Hospital until his death, Kennedy was president of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases in 1938 and president of the American Neurologic Association (ANA) in 1940. In the index of the ANA’s centennial anniversary publication, his name appears more times than anyone else’s save Harvey Cushing’s. Given to a bit of flamboyance, Kennedy and his opinions were often noted in the New York Times ( NYT ), and he gave occasional radio talks on various subjects. William G. Lennox (1884–1960), whose name along with Gastaut’s denotes a syndrome of encephalopathy with atonic, tonic, and absence seizures, was born to a wealthy family. Lennox aspired from a young age to be a Methodist missionary, an ambition he fulfilled after he graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1913 and completed a residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1916. Four years later, when his younger daughter developed epilepsy, Lennox left his post in China, returned to Boston, and devoted the remaining 40 years of his life to the study of epilepsy. A productive researcher, this quiet, determined champion of those with epilepsy authored 4 books and more than 200 articles, garnering the Lasker Award, among other honors. A serious student of genetics, …
Ignition and Combustion Behaviors of Nanocomposite Al/MoO 3

Flame propagation in Al/MoO 3 thermites is measured as a function of bulk density and initial sample temperature. The composites are composed of nano-scale reactant particles mixed and pressure molded to between 49 and 73% of the theoretical maximum density. A relationship between cylindrical die pressure and final pellet density is derived. Experiments are also performed by initially pre-heating samples to a uniform temperature ranging from 20 to 200 °C. Ignition sensitivity was determined by measuring the ignition delay time and temperature using a 50-W CO 2 laser and thermocouples, respectively. Combustion wave speeds were measured using high-speed imaging diagnostics. Results allow comparison of combustion behaviors associated with nano- vs. micron-scale particle composites. The nano-scale particle composites are extremely sensitive to ignition, especially when initially preheated. Combustion wave speeds for the compressed nano-composites were found to double when compared to the micron-scale composites.
Six new candidate members of the α/β twisted open‐sheet family detected by sequence similarity to flavodoxin

Strong sequence similarity has been reported among WrbA (the Trp repressor-binding protein of Escherichia coli); Ycp4, a protein of unknown function from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; P25, the pap1-dependent protein of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe; and the translation product of a partial cDNA sequence from rice seedling root (Oryza sativa, locus Ricr02421a; here referred to as RicR). Further homology search with the profile method indicates that all the above sequences are related to the flavodoxin family and, in turn, allows detection of the recently proposed flavodoxin-like proteins from E. coli, MioC and the hypothetical protein YihB. We discuss sequence conservation with reference to the known 3-dimensional structures of flavodoxins. Conserved sequence and hydrophobicity patterns, as well as residue-pair interaction potentials, strongly support the hypothesis that these proteins share the alpha/beta twisted open-sheet fold typical of flavodoxins, with an additional alpha/beta unit in the WrbA family. On the basis of the proposed structural homology, we discuss the details of the putative FMN-binding sites. Our analysis also suggests that the helix-turn-helix motif we identified previously in the C-terminal region of the WrbA family is unlikely to reflect a DNA-binding function of this new protein family.
Long-term effects of photodynamic therapy on fluorescence spectroscopy in the human esophagus.

Abstract Clinical interest in laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is growing rapidly and may ultimately lead to close parallel use of these techniques. However, variations in LIF due to photosensitizer retention as well as tissue damage and healing processes may interfere with autofluorescence-based diagnostic methods. We have investigated the compatibility of these two techniques by quantifying PDT-induced changes in LIF in the human esophagus. Fluorescence spectra were collected endoscopically at excitation wavelengths (λex) of 337, 400 and 410 nm in 32 patients. Measurements were performed immediately before and after PDT treatment with porfimer sodium and during follow-up procedures. In the months following PDT regions of reepithelialized squamous showed reduced autofluorescence in comparison with untreated squamous regions (P = 0.0007). Photosensitizer fluorescence was undetectable with λex = 337 nm during follow-up procedures, whereas for λex = 400 and 410 nm...
Scene Intrinsics and Depth from a Single Image

Intrinsic image decomposition factorizes an observed image into its physical causes. This is most commonly framed as a decomposition into reflectance and shading, although recent progress has made full decompositions into shape, illumination, reflectance, and shading possible. However, existing factorization approaches require depth sensing to initialize the optimization of scene intrinsics. Rather than relying on depth sensors, we show that depth estimated purely from monocular appearance can provide sufficient cues for intrinsic image analysis. Our full intrinsic pipeline regresses depth by a fully convolutional network then jointly optimizes the intrinsic factorization to recover the input image. This combination yields full decompositions by uniting feature learning through deep network regression with physical modeling through statistical priors and random field regularization. This work demonstrates the first pipeline for full intrinsic decomposition of scenes from a single color image input alone.
Muscular Activity during Masonry Work at Various Heights

Masons frequently work with their shoulders elevated and often complain of upper extremity pain. Little is known about the muscular effects of masonry work. The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscular activity while masons laid concrete block at various heights.Sixteen experienced male masons constructed a 2.4 m wide and 1.4 m high wall using concrete block. Surface electromyography (EMG) was sampled from the extensor and flexor forearm, and the upper and low back via telemetry. EMG amplitude was determined for the first, third, and seventh courses of block. Analyses of variance were used to test for significance.There were no significant differences in the courses for the forearm extensors, forearm flexors, and right low back EMG. Significant differences were found for the bilateral upper trapezius and left lower back, with higher amplitudes at course 7. In this study, masons were exposed to more load in the upper back while laying block at higher courses.
An Outline Philosophy of Dreams in the Red Mansions

The Dreams in the Red Mansions embodies not only a most excellent aesthetic form but also a most profound spiritual implication.The philosophy of The Dreams in the Red Mansions is comprehensive and artistic.Its philosophic view is of cosmic magnificence which knows no bounds of time and space.The basic philosophic issue it concerns is an existentialistic concern,the supreme realm of which is vacuum and nothingness.Its great artistic self-existence is just a great immortal having,which went through the refinement of "vacuum" and the penetration of form and aspect.Therefore,The Dreams in the Red Mansions has a distinctive philosophy of its own,an inter-philosophy which incorporates varieties of Chinese philosophy with Zenist philosophy as the principal axis.
Impact of drilling-fluid ingredients and additives on gas-hydrate formation.

Accidents caused by gas-hydrate formation are easily encountered during deepwater offshore drilling. In this paper, drilling fluid ingredients and additives including bentonite, NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, XY-27, FLCS, CMC, PSC and PEG were evaluated using THF/SSW method. Testing results indicated that, 1) Among inorganic drilling fluid components, bentonite is a promoter in gas-hydrate formation, while NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 are inhibitor; 2) Most organic additives exhibit suppression in gas-hydrate formation. Based on impacts of drilling-fluid ingredients and additives, a maximum hydrate suppression state can be achieved by conditioning additions of some additives.
Retreat Site Selection in Vaejovis carolinianus Populations of Tennessee’s Upper Cumberland Region

My study examined Tennessees only native scorpion species, Vaejovis carolinianus. Little is known about its ecology, so the objectives of my study were to determine if: (1) V. carolinianus selected cover objects based on surface area; (2) V. carolinianus preferred moister soils under the cover object; and (3) length of time in captivity altered the preferences. Scorpions were captured from two different locations: (1) a roadcut parallel to State Highway 96 near Edgar Evins State Park; (2) France Mountain in Overton County. In laboratory trials, scorpions were allowed to choose among three retreat sites and three soil moisture levels. Transects were established at both field locations to count and measure rocks that may serve as retreat sites. Surface area trials indicated that V. carolinianus selected large objects as retreat sites most often, but overall retreat site selection did not differ from that expected based on random choice weighted by cover object size. Soil moisture trial results varied, with no statistical significance in the results from the Highway 96 and 2013 France Mountain populations. The 2014 France Mountain population did show statistically significant differences. The surface area trials did not exhibit a time in captivity effect, but the soil moisture trials indicated a time in captivity effect between the 2013 and 2014 France Mountain populations. Based on test results, it appears V. carolinianus selected larger rocks as cover sites, perhaps due to chance or perhaps to escape sunlight and heat, for predator avoidance, or for higher soil moisture levels.
SmartStrokes: Digitizing Paper-Based Neuropsychological Tests

Clinical neuropsychologists develop comprehensive behavioral profiles on their patients primarily by using paper-and-pencil test stimuli. Despite these tests being significantly cheaper and faster than complex procedures such as MRI scans, multiple drawbacks remain. Constructing these behavioral profiles can take upwards of six hours to fully complete, and the analysis of the sketches from these pencil-and-paper tests is still largely subjective and qualitative. We developed SmartStrokes, a testing suite that implements digital versions of common clinical neuropsychology pencil-and-paper tests, with the purpose of helping to automate and analyze patient sketches using the principles of sketch recognition.
Comparison of the simulated upper-ocean vertical structure using1-dimensional mixed-layer models

Abstract. Atmospheric fluxes influence the momentum and scalar properties in the upper-cean. Buoyancy fluxes result in a diurnal variability in the sea-surface temperature (SST), whereas the wind stress forms near-inertial currents in the mixed layer (ML). In this study, we investigate the contrasts between the simulated SST and the vertical structure of the temperature and shear by three different mixing models: the PWP bulk mixed-layer model, the KPP non-local boundary layer model and the κ−v local mixing model. We choose two upper-ocean datasets for our studies, namely the SWAPP (1990) and the MLML (1991). The SWAPP dataset shows the presence of strong near-inertial shear below the ML and negligible near-inertial shear within the ML. The MLML dataset shows a negligible rise in the SST during the first 22 day mixing phase, which is followed by a steep rise by 6 °C during the subsequent 75 day restratification phase. Comparison with the SWAPP dataset shows that the KPP and κ−v models form strong shear near the surface due to weak eddy viscosities, thus producing a thin shear layer over the entire range of frequencies in the wind stress. At the ML base, the models form an inertial and a diurnal maximum. The inertial maximum extends over a substantial range of depths, and is continuous for the κ−v model but discontinuous for the KPP and PWP models. Comparison with the MLML dataset reveals that the KPP yields the largest SST amplitude over a 24-hour diurnal cycle, and is followed by the κ−v and PWP. However, the net warming of SST at the end of the diurnal cycle is stronger for the PWP compared to κ−v and KPP. The PWP also forms stronger temperature gradients at the ML base compared to κ−v and KPP. Over multiple diurnal cycles, the shallowing and deepening of the mixed layer results in multiple sharp temperature gradients in PWP, thus forming a serrated vertical profile that remains unaffected during the restratification phase of the MLML dataset.
Review of Stories of Complicated Grief: A Critical Anthology, edited by Eric D. Miller

Each year, 2.5 million people die in the United States. These losses are often disruptive and painful experiences for their families and friends. According to some researchers and clinicians, the p...
Membrane Structural Analysis by Enhanced Raman Scattering

Gold nanoparticles focus light to a molecular length scale, creating the possibility to visualize molecular structure. The high optical intensity at a nanostructure surface leads to surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from molecules nearby. Due to the surface alignment and rapid decay of the electromagnetic near field, SERS spectra contain information on molecular position and orientation relative to the surface, but they are difficult to interpret quantitatively. Here we report a ratiometric analysis that combines SERS and unenhanced Raman spectra with polarizability tensors calculated by time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and electromagnetic (EM) near fields from numerical simulations. The analysis was applied to gold nanorods surrounded by fluid phase dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipid bilayers that are only electrostatically bound to the nanorod surface. The DOPC bilayer structure was confirmed by analyzing the position and orientation of the carbon double bond stretch relative to the symmetric choline vibration in the headgroup. Tryptophan was introduced into the DOPC bilayer, and through analysis of three of its vibrational modes the tryptophan position and orientation were determined. The orientation was in good agreement with NMR and fluorescence measurements, while the position was found to be somewhat deeper into the acyl chain region of the lipid bilayer. This method offers a new approach to analyzing lipid membrane molecular structure under ambient conditions and without molecular labels.
The role and extent of dextral transpression and lateral escape on the post-Acadian tectonic evolution of south-central New England

Bedrock mapping, structural analysis, documentation of kinematics and associated petrofabrics, and detailed zircon and monazite geochronology are the basis for a new interpretation of the post-Acadian tectonic evolution of southern New England. Early fabrics in the Central Maine Zone and eastern half of the Bronson Hill Zone are characterized by planar foliations, subhorizontal lineations, and dextral kinematic indicators. As transpression progressed, structures and fabrics reflected an increased component of shortening, marked by tightening of foliations, development of closed to isoclinal folds, localization of reverse high strain zones, steep dip-parallel lineations, and reverse top-to-east kinematic indicators. Syntectonic mineral assemblages show that cooling attended deformation, consistent with a component of vertical extrusion. In contrast, the western half of the Bronson Hill Zone is characterized by sinistral top-to-south deformation from Connecticut to New Hampshire, including two regional sinistral shear zones, and comprise the Western Bronson Hill Shear System. New zircon and monazite geochronology, along with previously published results, show that dextral transpression progressed continuously from ∼350 Ma to ∼295 Ma. Dextral transpression was initiated following ∼360 Ma to ∼355 Ma dioritic, tonalitic, and granitic magmatism. Sillimanite-grade reverse high strain zones developed by ∼330 Ma, while the presence of lower-grade fabrics, metamorphic zircon rims, and published hornblende cooling ages show deformation continued to at least ∼295 Ma in the eastern Bronson Hill and Central Maine. Sinistral top-to-south deformation in the Western Bronson Hill Shear System preceded ∼330 Ma to ∼300 Ma staurolite grade metamorphism, and syntectonic monazite and an abundance of published data show that deformation continued to ∼285 Ma. The conjugate shear zones were spatially and temporally linked, indicating that the dominant fabrics, structures, and mineral assemblages in bedrock exposures in this area of New England were driven by progressive dextral transpression and lateral escape in the Carboniferous, much younger than any previous tectonic reconstruction. This model can explain an assortment of enigmatic features in New England, including contrasting kinematics, differential exhumation of lithologies and lithotectonic zones, and the Pelham dome. These features are attributed to oblique convergence between Laurentian margin and Avalon/Meguma beginning in the Mississippian, rather than the Early to Middle Devonian Acadian orogeny as has long been proposed. The location between the New York promontory and the Quebec embayment could have provided the necessary geometry to focus deformation and lateral escape in New England, and shorten the orogen in this area by almost an order of magnitude.
Baryons still trace dark matter: Probing CMB lensing maps for hidden isocurvature

Compensated isocurvature perturbations (CIPs) are primordial fluctuations that balance baryon and dark-matter isocurvature to leave the total matter density unperturbed. The effects of CIPs on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are similar to those produced by weak lensing of the CMB: smoothing of the power spectrum and generation of non-Gaussian features. Here, an entirely new CIP contribution to the standard estimator for the lensing-potential power spectrum is derived. Planck measurements of the temperature and polarization power spectrum, as well as estimates of CMB lensing, are used to place limits on the variance of the CIP fluctuations on CMB scales, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{rms}}^{2}({R}_{\mathrm{CMB}})$. The resulting constraint of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{rms}}^{2}({R}_{\mathrm{CMB}})l4.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at 95% confidence level (CL) using this new technique improves on past work by a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}3$. We find that for Planck data our constraints almost reach the sensitivity of the optimal CIP estimator. The method presented here is currently the most sensitive probe of the amplitude of a scale-invariant CIP power spectrum, ${A}_{\mathrm{CIP}}$, placing an upper limit of ${A}_{\mathrm{CIP}}l0.017$ at 95% CL. Future measurements of the large-scale CMB lensing-potential power spectrum could probe CIP amplitudes as low as ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{rms}}^{2}({R}_{\mathrm{CMB}})=8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ at 95% CL (corresponding to ${A}_{\mathrm{CIP}}=3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$).
The price elasticity of U.S. shale oil reserves

We formulate a model of shale oil development that identifies how much of the U.S. resource base is likely to be economically viable at various price levels, and what share of potential drilling sites are likely to be exploited. The analysis is driven by the lognormal variability in productivity of individual wells. We find the volume of reserves to be highly inelastic with respect to price. The number of viable drilling sites is less inelastic, which may explain why reserve additions and production fell much less than drilling activity during the recent industry slump.
Abstract 14024: Tbx18-Reprogrammed Cardiomyocytes Exhibit Pacemaker Phenotype with Upregulated Calcium and Voltage-Sependent Clock Mechanisms

The heartbeat originates within the sinoatrial node (SAN), a diminutive, highly specialized structure containing a small number ( 2+ -dependent “clock” pathways. The maximum diastolic potential was depolarized in Tbx18-NRCMs in comparison to GFP-transduced controls (-47±10 vs. -73±6 mV) with accompanying reductions in I K1 (p f (-5.2±1.3 pA/pF at -140 mV, n=3). An index of automaticity (the % of autonomously-beating cells multiplied by the frequency of AP oscillations in those cells) was much greater in Tbx18-NRCMs compared to controls (70±16 vs. 13±4 % bpm, p 2+ release events (LCRs) that preceded each whole-cell Ca 2+ transient, mimicking LCRs observed in native SAN cells. LCRs were not detected in control NRCMs. Ryanodine (10 μM) suppressed the spontaneous beating rate by 47±6% in Tbx18-NRCMs but only by 12±2% in controls (p 2+ ] i stores was observed in Tbx18-NRCMs which can be attributed to increased SERCA2a activity due to downregulation and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN), an inhibitor of SERCA. Tbx18 expression led to a relative increase in the protein level of phosphorylated PLN (Ser16) similar to the relative p-PLN increase in adult SAN. In addition, Tbx18-NRCMs shrank in size, exhibited sparse myofibrils, ceased to express connexin 43 and atrial natriuretic peptide and exhibited increased levels of cAMP and HCN4, reproducing key features of SAN cells. The data indicate that expression of a single transcription factor suffices to create induced pacemaker cells from working cardiomyocytes.
Abstract 18092: Source of Galectin-3 in Human Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardio-renal Failure

Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) may promote cardiac and renal fibrosis in heart failure (HF). Plasma Gal-3 levels predict outcome in HF but are tightly correlated with renal function. The source of Gal-3 in human HF, chronic kidney disease (CKD) or cardio-renal failure (HF+CKD) is unclear. Objective: To assess Gal-3 presence and location in human heart or kidney tissue from patients with HF, CKD or HF+CKD. Methods: Plasma Gal-3 levels and LV tissue explanted at time of cardiac transplant in systolic HF (n=15) and autopsy renal sections from patients with normal kidneys (n=4), CKD (n=17) or CKD+HF (n=14) were examined (HE p Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggest that plasma Gal-3 is predominantly of renal tubular epithelial origin in human HF, CKD, and CKD+HF.
A critical issue of using the variance of the total in the linearization method – In the context of unequal probability sampling

Publicly available national survey data are useful for the evidence-based research to advance our understanding of important questions in the health and biomedical sciences. Appropriate variance estimation is a crucial step to evaluate the strength of evidence in the data analysis. In survey data analysis, the conventional linearization method for estimating the variance of a statistic of interest uses the variance estimator of the total based on linearized variables. We warn that this common practice may result in undesirable consequences such as susceptibility to data shift and severely inflated variance estimates, when unequal weights are incorporated into variance estimation. We propose to use the variance estimator of the mean (mean-approach) instead of the variance estimator of the total (total-approach). We show a superiority of the mean-approach through analytical investigations. A real data example (the National Comorbidity Survey Replication) and simulation-based studies strongly support our conclusion.