cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hostility conflict and reporting of side effects by psychiatric outpatients.

Summary.-The Irritability, Indirect Hostility, Verbal Hostility, and Resentment scales from the Buss-Durkee Hostility Invencoty, along with a newly constructed scale intended as a self-report measure of Hostility Conflict, were administered to 84 non-psychotic, primarily anxious psychiatric outpatients receiving an active anxiolytic and participating in one of several 4-wk. doubleblind drug trials. Patients who com~lained of one or more side effects after 2 wk of treatment were classified as side reactors; the remaining patients, as non-side reactors. Compared to non-side reactors, the side reactors obtained higher hostility conflict scores and lower scores on the Irritability and Indirect Hostility scales. Also, the relationship between side effect status and hostility conflict was stronger in those patients who obtained higher scores on the Irritability, Indirect Hostility, and Verbal Hostility scales and among patients obtaining lower scores on che Resentment scale. Findings were regarded as providing partial replication of and further verification of earlier results. Previous work by Downing and Rickels and their colleagues has generated a body of findings suggesting that conflict about the overt expression of angerrelated affect has implications for certain aspects of the response to treatment made by psychiatric outpatients participating in short-term (4- to 6-week) trials with psychotropic medications (Downing & Rickels, 1967; Rickels & Downing, 1967; Rickels & Anderson, 1967; Downing & Rickels, 1969; Rickels & Anderson, 1969; Downing, et al., 1970a, 1970b; Downing & Rickels, 1978). Of particular relevance to the present work is a study (Downing & Rickels, 1967) which explored the relationship between self-reported hostility as assessed by the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (Buss, 1961) and the making of sideeffect complaints in a group of 47 black female psychiatric outpatients of lower socio-economic class affiliation. The group, treated with psychotropic medication or placebo, contained 21 side reactors (patients who voiced one or more complaints about side effect after 2 wk, of treatment) and 26 non-side reactors. Side reactors obtained significantly lower total hostility scores than non-side reactors. Group differences were largest for those scales assessing Direct Hostility (Assault and Verbal Hostility scales). Further, in the side reactor group, an index of Indirect Hostility (based on the Indirect Hostility, Irritability, and Resentment scales) was higher than the index of Direct Hostility employed,
Attack Containment Framework for Large-Scale Critical Infrastructures

We present an attack containment framework against value-changing attacks in large-scale critical infrastructures, based on early warning and cooperative response approaches. We define an information structure, called attack container, which captures the trust behavior of a group of nodes and assists to contain the damage of the attack. The attack container is then used for distributed early warning and cooperative response in our framework. The simulation results show that our containment framework can detect, mitigate and contain large-scale attacks quickly.
High potential for iron reduction in upland soils

Changes in the redox state of iron (Fe) can be coupled to the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen, and phosphorus, and thus regulate soil C, ecosystem nutrient availability, and greenhouse gas production. However, its importance broadly in non-flooded upland terrestrial ecosystems is unknown. We measured Fe reduction in soil samples from an annual grassland, a drained peatland, and a humid tropical forest We incubated soil slurries in an anoxic glovebox for 5.5 days and added sodium acetate daily at rates up to 0.4 mg C x (g soil)(-1) x d(-1). Soil moisture, poorly crystalline Fe oxide concentrations, and Fe(II) concentrations differed among study sites in the following order: annual grassland < drained peatland < tropical forest (P < 0.001 for all characteristics). All of the soil samples demonstrated high Fe reduction potential with maximum rates over the course of the incubation averaging 1706 ± 66, 2016 ± 12, and 2973 ± 115 μg Fe x (g soil)(-1) x d(-1) (mean ± SE) for the tropical forest, annual grassland, and drained peatland, respectively. Our results suggest that upland soils from diverse ecosystems have the potential to exhibit high short-term rates of Fe reduction that may play an important role in driving soil biogeochemical processes during periods of anaerobiosis.
Additional Support for Two Subgenera of Anemia (Schizaeaceae) from Data for the Chloroplast Intergenic Spacer Region trnL-F and Morphology

Abstract An analysis of morphological data for 13 species with 33 characters and molecular data for 14 species from the chloroplast DNA intergenic spacer region trnL-F indicates that species of the genus Anemia fall into two well-supported subgenera, Anemiorrhiza and Anemia. In addition, one species of the genus Mohria appears to belong within Anemia. Although further study is required, these data support the relationships suggested by a previous study of fossil and extant representatives of the genus.
Automated Separation Assurance with Weather and Uncertainty

There are three major components to automating the tasks of air-traffic controllers: resolving aircraft-to-aircraft conflicts, providing arrival scheduling, and helping to ensure that aircraft remain clear of severe weather. The Advanced Airspace Concept provides functionalities to address all three of these components in an integrated fashion and provides redundant systems to handle uncertainties and failures. This paper discusses recent enhancements to components of this system to efficiently handle complex weather environments and to reduce the effect of aircraft performance uncertainties. The weather avoidance functionality incorporates an understanding of aircraft operations by limiting the complexity of the proposed solutions. To capture this understanding, the algorithm uses geometric calculations instead of a grid-based approach. Current research using this new functionality is discussed. Also discussed are methods to increase the robustness of the system to unavoidable differences between predicted aircraft trajectories and the trajectories that are actually flown.
The Continuing Violations Doctrine

The "continuing violations doctrine" provides that in certain contexts, continuing misconduct by a defendant will justify the aggregation or parsing of its misbehavior, with the effect of rescuing a plaintiff's claim or claims from the relevant statute of limitations. Application of this doctrine has been complicated by the fact that courts and litigants have struggled to distinguish continuing misconduct from claims governed by other timeliness rules. This confusion owes in part to a failure to comprehensively examine the conceptual foundations, prevailing explanations, and common applications of the doctrine. In undertaking this review, this article first explains that the continuing violations doctrine, rather than embracing a single approach toward limitations issues, in fact encompasses two distinct theories. The first form of the doctrine aggregates claims, while the second branch of the theory dissects them. After assessing the existing explanations of the doctrine and finding them wanting, this article reviews when and how the doctrine has been applied to claims alleging false imprisonment, seduction, malpractice, employment discrimination, intentional or negligent infliction of emotional distress, nuisance, trespass, and some antitrust and civil rights claims. This survey yields the insight that that the branch of the doctrine that accumulates harms serves essentially equitable ends, whereas the second sort of continuing violation, by parsing a cause of action into multiple claims, promotes the efficient invocation of the judicial process. Application of the doctrine, the author concludes, should be guided by these insights, with courts considering whether treating a given claim as "continuing" would promote the equitable and/or efficiency interests identified in the text.
Evaluation of in vivo brain site perfusion with the push-pull cannula.

The effect of tissue site perfusion with push-pull cannulas on the integrity of brain tissue was evaluated during in vivo studies in conscious New Zealand rabbits. The mean rate of perfusion-induced tissue disruption was 1.09 microgram tissue wet wt/min as estimated from the perfusate levels of endogenous nervous system specific proteins (S-100 and 14-3-2). The level of intravenously injected 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin recovered in perfusate samples indicated that approximately 2.0 nl serum/min penetrated the vascular barrier into the perfused tissue site. The appearance of intraventricularly injected solutes in perfusate samples was subjected to regression analysis.It was demonstrated that nonspecific variations in the appearance of one substance in the perfusate could be controlled for by a regression on the levels of another concurrently recovered inert substance. The experiments demonstrate that tissue site perfusion can provide useful access to brain extracellular fluid when suitable controls are incorporated for recovery variation and blood-brain barrier seepage.
Sonographic markers of fetal trisomies: second trimester.

Objective Second-trimester sonographic findings of fetal trisomy may include structural abnormalities or sonographic markers of fetal aneuploidy. Unlike structural anomalies, sonographic markers of fetal aneuploidy are insignificant by themselves with regard to outcome, are nonspecific--most frequently seen in normal fetuses, and are often transient. Our objective was to review the second-trimester sonographic findings of the major trisomic conditions, trisomies 13, 18, and 21. Methods We reviewed a number of the most commonly accepted markers, including nuchal thickening, hyperechoic bowel, echogenic intracardiac focus, renal pyelectasis, shortened extremities, mild cerebral ventricular dilatation, and choroid plexus cysts. Markers associated with trisomy 21 were emphasized. Results The sensitivity of sonography for detection of fetal trisomic conditions varies with the type of chromosome abnormality, gestational age at the time of sonography, reasons for referral, criteria for positive sonographic findings, and the quality of the sonography. As an estimate, 1 or more sonographic findings can be identified in approximately 90% of fetuses with trisomy 13, 80% of fetuses with trisomy 18, and 50% to 70% of fetuses with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Conclusions The presence or absence of sonographic markers can substantially modify the risk of fetal Down syndrome and is the basis of the so-called genetic sonogram. Because maternal biochemical and sonographic markers are largely independent, combined risk estimates will result in even higher detection rates than either alone.
Gesprächsstile und Lenkungstechniken

Manches von dem, was in den vorausgegangenen Abschnitten zur Sprache kam, ist nicht nur fur das Mitarbeitergesprach von Interesse, sondern auch fur andere Kommunikationsformen, wie z. B. Schriftstucke oder Reden (etwa die Probleme des Verschlusselns, des Sendens oder des Zuhorens). Charakteristisch fur das Mitarbeitergesprach sind aber die Unmittelbarkeit der Zweiersituation und der Rollentausch zwischen Sender und Empfanger (auch wenn die Statusbeziehung bestehen bleibt).
Numerical tools for obtaining power-law representations of heavy-tailed datasets

Many empirical datasets have highly skewed, non-Gaussian, heavy-tailed distributions, dominated by a relatively small number of data points at the high end of the distribution. Consistent with their role as stable distributions, power laws have frequently been proposed to model such datasets. However there are physical situations that require distributions with finite means. Such situations may call for power laws with high-end cutoffs. Here, I present a maximum-likelihood technique for determining an optimal cut-off power law to represent a given dataset. I also develop a new statistical test of the quality of fit. Results are demonstrated for a number of benchmark datasets. Non-power-law datasets can frequently be represented by power laws, but this is a trivial result unless the dataset spans a broad domain. Nevertheless, I demonstrate that there are non-power-law distributions, including broad log-normal distributions, whose tails can be fit to power laws over many orders of magnitude. Therefore, caution is called for whenever power laws are invoked to represent empirical data.
Intellectual Property Law and Legacy FORTRAN Code

This paper consists of student legal scholarship regarding one aspect facing the aviation research & development community, that of uncertainty in the copyright status of “legacy” FORTRAN computer programs. Government, academic and industrial entities are squeamish to acknowledge possession of or release source code of “industry standard codes” for fear of copyright infringement. This paper serves as a guideline to better inform the working professional as to the copyright status of elderly FORTRAN code affiliated with government contractor reports. This allows the engineer to have a more cogent discussion with the in-house or agency counsel who is responsible for the Intellectual Property policy of a given business entity. With the decline in use of FORTRAN, considerable industry knowledge is at risk of being forever lost. Open dissemination of these public domain algorithms can help ensure a vital industry.
A Framework for the Discovery of Passive-Control, Minimum Energy Satellite Constellations

The hypothesis that high fidelity astrodynamics simulations that account for orbital perturbations can be exploited to discover passive control and/or minimum energy satellite constellations to dramatically reduce propellant demands and improve coverage performance, is explored. A new framework that couples many-objective evolutionary algorithms, high fidelity astrodynamics simulation, massive parallel computing, and visual analytics, is introduced and demonstrated to revisit Draim’s original 4-satellite global coverage problem. Draim’s original constellation design has a 60% coverage deterioration due to orbital perturbations over a 10 year period. A significant finding of this study is that this deterioration can be effectively eliminated through the discovery of constellation configurations that are capable of using perturbing accelerations instead of propellant to restore global coverage performance over decadal time scales. Further, a generalized stationkeeping model is contributed that when incorporated into the framework allows for a complete characterization of the performance tradeoffs that emerge when using passive control to seek minimum energy designs. With the investment of over 21 million hours of compute time, the results are drawn from one of the largest computational experiments to-date for the design of satellite constellations. Overall this study contributes a new paradigm for the way we conceive, design, and populate satellite constellations.
Nurse midwifery. Advanced practice nursing

This article traces the roots and history of nurse-midwifery in the United States in order to demonstrate the reality of midwifery as a profession in its own right. From its beginnings in the late 1920s, the profession has gradually evolved from its clear roots in nursing to an identity of its own expressed through its professional organization, the American College of Nurse-Midwives. A review of other countries' experiences with midwifery reflect much of the U.S. process and results. The future challenge for both professions is to determine how they can exist in harmony, recognizing that they are complementary roles.
Abstract B84: Influence of acculturation, ethnic identity, and Latino origin on barriers to colonoscopy in low-income Latinos: A longitudinal study

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates continue to be lower than projected, particularly in Latinos. Fear of colonoscopy preparation and procedure, worry about colonoscopy results, CRC fatalism, CRC preventability and curability, and CRC perceived risk have been identified as CRC screening barriers in Latinos. The study purpose was to examine change in level of fear of colonoscopy, worry, CRC fatalism, preventability, and perceived risk using longitudinal data of Latinos who participated of a randomized control trial to test the impact of a culturally targeted and theoretically based psycho-educational print intervention designed to increase CRC screening via colonoscopy. Participants were assessed with study measures before and at 4- and 8-months after randomization. Methods: Our sample included 250 Latinos between the ages of 50 and 81 years who had no personal or immediate family history of CRC, no colonoscopy in the past 5 years before participating in the study, received a referral for colonoscopy, and completed a colonoscopy by the end of the study. Interviews were performed, and data were analyzed using repeated measures MANCOVA to control for acculturation level and ethnic identity score, and to conduct group comparisons by Latino origin. Results: A significant repeated measures MANOVA, F (16, 180) = 4.13, p Discussion: We found an association between change in fear and worry scores, and ethnic identity. Interventions that address negative emotions regarding CRC screening procedures/results should also consider addressing the influence of individual characteristics (e.g., commitment and sense of belonging to their ethnic group) on CRC screening among Latinos referred to colonoscopy. Citation Format: Marimer Santiago-Rivas, Lina Jandorf, Katherine DuHamel. Influence of acculturation, ethnic identity, and Latino origin on barriers to colonoscopy in low-income Latinos: A longitudinal study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B84.
Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology and Demographics

In the clinical setting, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly presented arrhythmia of clinical significance. It is estimated that it affects 46.1 million people globally. Up to a half-million hospitalizations annually in the USA have AF as their primary diagnosis, and AF is estimated to contribute to >100,000 deaths per year in the USA. AF has a significant impact on health-care costs, with the major cost drivers being hospitalizations, stroke, and loss of productivity.
The STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker and Upgrade Plan

Abstract The Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) of the STAR experiment at RHIC is the first application of the state-of-the-art thin Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) technology in a collider environment. The HFT is composed of two silicon PiXeL detector (PXL) layers, an Intermediate Silicon Tracker (IST) and a Silicon Strip Detector (SSD). It greatly improves the impact parameter resolution of STAR tracking and enables reconstruction of secondary decay vertices of open heavy hadrons in heavy ion collisions, providing unique probes for studying the Quark-Gluon Plasma. In these proceedings we discuss the HFT hardware design, and current detector status and performance. The HFT was successfully commissioned during the 2014 RHIC run, taking data in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The HFT performance during this run matches the expected performance, most significantly for track pointing resolution. Preliminary results have been obtained from 2014 Au+Au data analyses, demonstrating the capabilities of open charm hadron reconstruction with the HFT. Modifications to HFT subsystems have been made to improve its performance in the 2015 run in p+p, p+Au and p+Al collisions at s N N = 200 GeV . In order to further improve such capabilities to measure bottom quark hadrons at RHIC energies, a faster heavy flavor tracker (HFT+) is needed to collect data at higher luminosity with good efficiency. The proposed HFT+ will be equipped with new generation of MAPS sensors with a much shorter integration time ( ≤ 40 μ s ) and possibly extend the current PXL detector acceptance with minimal modification to the original mechanical and air cooling infrastructure. Requirements for the upgraded HFT+ detector and expected performance are also presented in these proceedings.
Heat sinks with fluted and wavy fins in natural and low-velocity forced convection

Novel heat sinks with fluted and wavy fin configurations are designed and fabricated together with conventional longitudinal-plate and pin fin heat sinks. The experimental apparatus, consisting of the guard heater assembly, isolation chamber, wind tunnel and data acquisition instrumentation, is described. The thermal performance of the novel and conventional heat sinks is measured and compared for the horizontal and vertical base plate orientations under natural and low-velocity forced convection conditions. Results, presented as the Nusselt number against the Rayleigh or Reynolds numbers, reveal that the pin fin heat sink outperforms the other heat sinks. The novel heat sink designs do not yield significantly better thermal performance than the conventional heat sinks.
The Hattfjelldal District: OFZ Sample

Hattfjelldal is a small village at about the geographical middle of Norway. It is the center for an administrative district with the same name but herein the area includes some of that and a part of the herred on the west. All of this is an inland section of the southern division of Nordland County, considered by Norwegians as the beginning of “the North.”62 This qualified the area for special aid for settling after World War II. Also, the location is one within the Kjolen Mountains where settlement is concentrated in the forested floors of six valleys whose pattern is that of an I and E connected across the top (Fig. 17); most of the area is in the Outer Fringe Zone but it extends westward into the MFZ and eastward to the OMFZ.
Using agent-based modeling to understand stakeholder interactions in the rollout of nextgen by the federal aviation administration

The Federal Aviation Administration's NextGen technologies are planned to modernize the National Airspace System of the United States. However, NextGen's initially proposed completion date of 2025 has been pushed back years due to rollout issues. This study offers a concept for a decision-making tool that uses agent-based modeling to make implications about the remainder of the rollout. Observing simulations with a focus on stakeholder impact on the NextGen rollout offers insights into potential rollout outcomes, both favorable and unfavorable, which may allow decision makers to more reliably select their courses of action.
2017 Hans O. Mauksch Address: Using the Science of Learning to Improve Student Learning in Sociology Classes:

The 2017 Mauksch Address invites readers to consider how the field of sociology might benefit from greater inclusion of the science of learning into its pedagogy. Results from a survey of 92 teachi...
An interferometric approach to ocean surface velocity imaging using multi-channel SAR

This paper presents a new interferometric approach to forming ocean surface velocity images using a multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with M equally-spaced phase centers arranged in an along-track configuration. The technique coherently combines the M-1 shortest-baseline interferograms to produce motion estimates with superior velocity resolution, as compared to those produced by both the Velocity SAR technique as well as by an alternative interferometric method that analyzes the phase progression across a sequence of M-1 interferograms with progressively longer baselines. The new single-baseline approach also provides the widest possible unambiguous Doppler range, owing to the use of the shortest available baseline. The technique is analyzed theoretically and illustrated experimentally using ocean imagery collected with a multi-channel SAR system that supports 16 along-track phase centers.
Restored floodplains enhance denitrification compared to naturalized floodplains in agricultural streams

Predicted changes in the timing and magnitude of storms have the potential to amplify water quality challenges associated with agricultural runoff. In agricultural streams of the Midwestern US, floodplain restoration has the potential to enhance inorganic nitrogen (N) removal by increasing the bioreactive surface area for microbially-mediated denitrification. The restoration of inset floodplains via construction of the two-stage ditch increases denitrification compared to channelized systems, however, little is known about how denitrification on restored floodplains compares to those formed naturally when stream channel management lapses. We used sacrificial microcosm incubations and membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) to compare denitrification rates in floodplain soils collected along transects in both naturalized and restored floodplains; longitudinal transects spanned two zones in the active floodplain (near-stream, NS vs. middle, MID) and a third zone that reflected upland conditions in the riparian buffer strip (UP). Denitrification rates were 35–49% higher in the restored, inset floodplains compared to naturalized floodplains. Variation in denitrification rates were primarily explained by soil organic matter (OM) and OM was > 20% higher in restored floodplains than naturalized, highlighting the contrasts between stable, constructed floodplains with heterogeneous, depositional bars typical of naturalizing channels. Consequently, restored inset floodplains could remove > 70% more N than the naturalized floodplains during similar storm inundation events.
Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Eu2+ doped Cs4CaI6 and Cs4SrI6

Abstract In this work we present the crystal growth and scintillation properties of two new ternarymetal halide scintillators activated with divalent europium, Cs4CaI6 and Cs4SrI6. Single crystals of each compound were grown in evacuated quartz ampoules via the vertical Bridgman technique using a two-zone transparent furnace. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments showed that both crystals have a trigonal (R-3c) structure, with a density of 3.99 g/cm3 and 4.03 g/cm3. The radioluminescence and photoluminescence measurements showed typical luminescence properties due to the 5d-4f radiative transitions in Eu2+. At this early stage of development Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu have shown very promising scintillation properties, with light yields and energy resolutions of 62,300 ph/MeV and 3.3%, and 51,800 photons/MeV and 3.6% at 662 keV, respectively.
Distinctive Stress-Stiffening Responses of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Protein Polymers under Nanoscale Gap Geometries: Effect of Shear on Silk Fibroin-Based Materials

Interfacial dynamics, assembly processes, and changes in nanostructures and mechanical properties of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) proteins under varying degrees of nanoconfinement without and with lateral shear are investigated. When only compressive confinement forces were applied, SF proteins adsorbed on the surfaces experienced conformational changes following the Alexander-de Gennes theory of polymer brushes. By contrast, when SF proteins were exposed to a simultaneous nanoconfinement and shear, remarkable changes in interaction forces were observed, displaying the second order phase transitions, which are attributed to the formation of SF micelles and globular superstructural aggregates via hierarchical assembly processes. The resultant nanostructured SF aggregates show several folds greater elastic moduli than those of SF films prepared by drop-casting and compression-only and even degummed SF fibers. Such a striking improvement in mechanical strength is ascribed to a directional organization of β-...
Is bariatric surgery effective for co-morbidity resolution in the super-obese patients?

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia (HLD) are common co-morbidities that are strongly associated with obesity. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of obesity-related co-morbidity remission and percent total body weight loss of super-obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥50 kg/m2 with bariatric patients who have a BMI of 30 to 49.9 kg/m2. Setting Academic hospital, United States. Methods A retrospective analysis of outcomes of a prospectively maintained database was done on obese patients with a diagnosis of ≥1 co-morbidity (T2D, OSA, HTN, or HLD) who at the time of initial visit had undergone either a sleeve gastrectomy or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at our hospital between 2011 and 2015. The patients were stratified based on their preoperative BMI class, BMI of 30 to 49.9 kg/m2 versus BMI ≥50 kg/m2. Results Of the 930 patients, 732 underwent sleeve gastrectomy and 198 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The 6-month follow-up co-morbidity remission rates for patients with a BMI of 30 to 49.9 kg/m2 (n = 759) versus super-obese patients (n = 171) were 46.0% and 36.7% (P = .348) for T2D; 75.0% and 73.2% (P = .772) for OSA; 35.0% and 22.0% (P = .142) for HTN; and 37.0% and 21.0% (P = .081) for HLD, respectively. The 1-year follow-up co-morbidity remission rates for patients with a BMI of 30 to 49.9 kg/m2 versus super-obese patients were 54.2% and 45.5% (P = .460) for T2D; 87.0% and 89.7% (P = .649) for OSA; 37.4% and 23.9% (P = .081) for HTN; and 43.2% and 34.6% (P = .422) for HLD, respectively. Furthermore, there was no difference in the mean percent total weight loss for patients with a preoperative BMI of 30 to 49.9 kg/m2 versus the super-obese at the 6-month (21.4%, 20.9%, P = .612) and 1-year (28.0%, 30.7%, P = .107) follow-ups. Conclusion In our study, preoperative BMI did not have an impact on postoperative co-morbidity remission rates or percent total body weight loss. Future studies should investigate the effect of other factors, such as disease severity and duration.
Case Teaching and Writing: Another Connection with Practitioners.

College students desire a practitioner-focused education. Case teaching and writing provide more meaningful connections with practitioners and the “real” world than traditional lecture classes. Cas...
A Cosmic Field Theory of Mind

In order for science to progress, scientists must be free: free to think and speak, free to daydream and speculate, free to criticize and be criticized, free to be right and wrong, free to be dysmetric, dyslexic, and dyspraxic. This chapter is dedicated to the spirit of scientific freedom. It is the last research chapter in this book, and perhaps the opening chapter in others to follow. Symbolically, it demonstrates the author’s belief that knowledge and progress are merely dynamically fluctuating quanta oscillating between any given scientific introduction and summary.
Age and Sex Differences in Constitutive Forms of Cytochrome P-450 of Rat Liver Microsomes

Knowledge of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system has come a long way since the reports of’its hemoprotein nature.1,2Initial studies revealed some drug and chemical-treated animals respond to challenge by such agents with an increase in the hepatic microsomal content of cytochrome P-450. It wasn’t long, however, before it was realized that the cytochrome P-450 increase was the result of an induction of different forms of cytochrome P-450.3,4
Biomechanics of skin

Abstract: This chapter first describes the importance of studying the biomechanics of skin. After a brief description of the structure of skin, the chapter gives an overview of some mechanical properties needed in the study of mechanics. It ends with a description of wounded skin and modeling skin using finite element analysis.
Knowledge as True Belief

“Knowledge” is an honorific intended to distinguish sources of information that are approved from those that are not and also to distinguish full beliefs that are prized from full beliefs that are despised. These are two distinct functions. The function of sources of information is quite different from the function of states of full belief. We should not expect that the characterization of knowledge in the two cases should be the same or that conflict between the two can be settled by appeal to “our ordinary” concept of knowledge. (There is no such thing.)
Refraining Resistance and Noncompliance in Cognitive Therapy

Despite its general success, not everyone responds to cognitive therapy. Some clients have difficulty complying with assignments and others appear to be frankly resistant. This article considers strategies for dealing with passive noncompliance and active resistance within cognitive therapy. In general, it is argued that the process of therapy is usually facilitated by staying within the cognitive model—that is, by exploring and working through those beliefs and attitudes that underlie noncompliance and resistance in the same manner that other problematic beliefs and attitudes are approached. Also considered are strategies for dealing with unrealistic expectations regarding the pace of change, therapists' errors leading to noncompliance and resistance, and instances in which the therapeutic model is simply insufficient.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Immediate and Intermediate Changes in Kidneys Treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of kidneys was performed prior to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWLT), within 48 hours of treatment (immediate), and three months post-ESWL (intermediate) in 14 patients. Five patients underwent bilateral treatments for a total of 19 treated kidneys. With the pre-ESWL study serving as a control, immediate and intermediate examinations were evaluated for changes in renal volume, development of abnormalities in the corticomedullary junction (CMJ), development of intrarenal, subcapsular, or perinephric fluid, and alterations in the perinephric tissue and renal fascia. A statistically significant increase in renal volume occurred in the immediate post-ESWL period. This increase may have been secondary to parenchymal interstitial edema which resolved within three months. Thirty-two percent developed subcapsular bleeding and fascial and perinephric tissue prominence. All abnormalities identified on the immediate studies attributable to the ESWL treatment had resolved by the three-month study. No new cases of hypertension had developed within a three-month follow-up period.
Tacho: Memory-Scalable Task Parallel Sparse Cholesky Factorization

We present a memory-scalable, parallel, sparse multifrontal solver for solving symmetric postive-definite systems arising in scientific and engineering applications. Factorizing sparse matrices requires memory for both the computed factors and the temporary workspaces for computing each frontal matrix - a data structure commonly used within multifrontal methods. To factorize multiple frontal matrices in parallel, the conventional approach is to allocate a uniform workspace for each hardware thread. In the manycore era, this results in increasing memory usage proportional to the number of hardware threads. We remedy this problem by using dynamic task parallelism with a scalable memory pool. Tasks are spawned while traversing an assembly tree and executed after their dependences are satisfied. We also use an idea to respawn the tasks when certain conditions are not met. Temporary workspace for frontal matrices in each task is allocated from a memory pool designed by us. If the requested memory space is not available in the memory pool, the task is respawned to yield the hardware thread to execute other tasks. The respawned task is executed after high priority tasks are executed. This approach allows to have robust parallel performance within a bounded memory space. Experimental results demonstrate the merits of our implementation on Intel multicore and manycore architectures.
An Investigation of Process Parameter Modifications on Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Parts

Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for the fabrication of complex parts via layer-by-layer melting of metal powder. Laser powder-bed AM processes use a variety of process parameters including beam power, beam velocity, and hatch spacing to control melting. Alterations to these parameters have often been attempted to reduce porosity, for example, but less work has been done to on comprehensive effects of process parameter modifications. This study looks at the effects of altering these parameters on microstructure, porosity, and mechanical performance of Inconel 718. The results showed that process parameter modifications that result in porosity formation can significantly reduce fatigue life, while microstructure changes were minimal and had little effect on tensile properties. The precipitate structure was not found to be changed significantly. These results can inform future process parameter modifications, as well as heat treatments to optimize mechanical properties.
Microdetermination of Phosphorus

Several different procedures are recommended for the determination of total phosphorus in biologic samples. The method described here has the greatest sensitivity, being able to demonstrate the presence of 0.10 μg phosphorus per ml. It is based on the reduction of phosphomolybdate complex with ascorbic acid. The procedure described here is essentially identical to the method published by Chen, Toribara and Warner (1956).
Advances in Financial Machine Learning: Lecture 3/10 (seminar slides)

Machine learning (ML) is changing virtually every aspect of our lives. Today ML algorithms accomplish tasks that until recently only expert humans could perform. As it relates to finance, this is the most exciting time to adopt a disruptive technology that will transform how everyone invests for generations. In this course, we discuss scientifically sound ML tools that have been successfully applied to the management of large pools of funds.
μImpact of a nursing-driven sedation protocol with criteria for infusion initiation in the surgical intensive care unit.

Abstract Purpose Analgesia and sedation protocols (ASPs) reduce duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the medical intensive care unit (ICU), but data in the surgical ICU (SICU) are limited. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a nursing-driven ASP with criteria for infusion initiation in the SICU. Materials and Methods A single-center, retrospective study compared ventilator-free days at day 28 from start of MV (VFD28) before and after ASP implementation. Secondary endpoints included cumulative opioid and sedative requirements, level of sedation, incidence of delirium, SICU and hospital length of stay. Results One hundred thirty two patients were included (66 per group). The protocol group had greater VFD28 compared to the control group (21 vs. 14.5 days, p = .04). Lower rates of benzodiazepine (42.4% vs. 84.8%, p Conclusions A nursing-driven ASP with criteria for infusion initiation in mechanically-ventilated SICU patients may increase ventilator-free time, maintain patients at the target sedation goal, and reduce opioid and benzodiazepine utilization.
Variable Feedback Experiments

The eye movement control system may be considered as a closed-loop servomechanism with unit visual negative feedback from the eye position to the observed error at the retina. As drawn schematically in Fig. 26 (top), the controller acts on the observed error in eye position, or the difference between the angular position of the target and that of the eye. Since the object of this research was to study and describe the operation of the error sensor, controller, and load dynamics, it was designed to study the system operation in the absence of the visual feedback [80]. The feedback path is an inherent part of the system, however, since rotation of the eye displaces the target image on the retina. It could be eliminated only by physically opening the control loop; for example, by mechanically restraining the eyes from moving and observing the torque exerted by the muscles.
Epilogue on Some Religious and Theological Thought

Few these days are concerned about Pandora, Prometheus, and Epimetheus; more are concerned with recent theological and religious thought. The issues are perennial, the historical forms these issues take vary, and as the year 2000 approaches, concern in some quarters will increase.
Abstract 5155: Increased longevity of continuous bone marrow cultures and radioresistance of bone marrow stromal cells from SOD193AALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) mice

Introduction: The SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, demonstrates hind limb paralysis beginning at 90 - 100 days of age with stage 4 paralysis at 125 days of age and progressive neuromuscular loss. Materials and Methods: To determine whether deficiency of functional SOD1 influenced parameters of hematopoiesis, long-term bone marrow cultures were established from ALS and control mice. Bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from LTBMCs were tested for clonogenic radiation survival. We tested the effect of bone marrow transplant after total body irradiation on delay of paralysis. Results: SOD1G93A marrow cultures demonstrated significant increase in production of hematopoietic progenitor cells (p Conclusions: The results of hematopoiesis in LTBMCs in the absence of functional SOD1 showed improved LTBMC longevity and radioresistance of marrow stromal cells both unexpected pleiotropic effects of the SOD1G93A genotype. Marrow transplant after TBI prolonged the paralysis free interval in ALS mice. Citation Format: Andrew Henderson, Michael W. Epperly, Renee Fisher, Donna Shields, Lora Rigatti, Christopher Donnelly, Simon Watkins, Joel S. Greenberger. Increased longevity of continuous bone marrow cultures and radioresistance of bone marrow stromal cells from SOD193A ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5155.
A Genetically Encoded, Phage‐Displayed Cyclic‐Peptide Library

Superior to linear peptides in biological activities, cyclic peptides are considered to have great potential as therapeutic agents. To identify cyclic-peptide ligands for therapeutic targets, phage-displayed peptide libraries in which cyclization is achieved by the covalent conjugation of cysteines have been widely used. To resolve drawbacks related to cysteine conjugation, we have invented a phage-display technique in which its displayed peptides are cyclized through a proximity-driven Michael addition reaction between a cysteine and an amber-codon-encoded Nϵ -acryloyl-lysine (AcrK). Using a randomized 6-mer library in which peptides were cyclized at two ends through a cysteine-AcrK linker, we demonstrated the successful selection of potent ligands for TEV protease and HDAC8. All selected cyclic peptide ligands showed 4- to 6-fold stronger affinity to their protein targets than their linear counterparts. We believe this approach will find broad applications in drug discovery.
Acceptance of Vehicle Automation: Effects of Demographic Traits, Technology Experience and Media Exposure:

Transportation users are increasingly aware of a possible future where they may ride in or share the road with automated vehicles. However, even with recent technological advances, many are still h...
Photonic Crystal Devices

We report on two-dimensional photonic crystal devices. We will discuss the properties of photonic crystal sources and passive waveguide components. This will include a discussion of device design and modeling as well as experimental results.
Associations between neighborhood-level factors and opioid-related mortality: A multi-level analysis using death certificate data.

Aim To identify associations between opioid-related mortality and neighborhood-level risk factors. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Massachusetts, USA. Participants Using 2011-14 Massachusetts death certificate data, we identified opioid-related (n = 3089) and non-opioid-related premature deaths (n = 8729). Measurements The independent variables consisted of four sets of neighborhood-level factors: (1) psychosocial, (2) economic, (3) built environment and (4) health-related. At the individual level we included the following compositional factors: age at death, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, veteran status and nativity. The primary outcome of interest was opioid-related mortality. Findings Multi-level models identified number of social associations per 10 000 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.84, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75-0.94] and number of hospital beds per 10 000 (OR = 0.78, P Conclusions Opioid-related deaths between 2011 and 2014 in the state of Massachusetts appear to be positively associated with the percentage living in poverty, food insecurity rate, number of federally qualified health centers and per-capita morphine milligram equivalents of hydromorphone, but inversely associated with number of social associations per 10 000 and number of hospital beds per 10 000.
Postsecondary Education Access (Im)Possibilities for Undocu/DACAmented Youth Living With the Potential Elimination of DACA

Undocu/DACAmented youth continue to face exclusionary policies and educational environments that deter their postsecondary education trajectories. This research draws from 32 interviews with parent...
Multiple processes independently predict motor learning

Our ability to acquire, refine and adapt skilled limb movements is a hallmark of human motor learning that allows us to successfully perform many daily activities. The capacity to acquire, refine and adapt other features of motor performance, such as visual search, eye-hand coordination and visuomotor decisions, may also contribute to motor learning. However, the extent to which refinements of multiple behavioral features and their underlying neural processes independently contribute to motor learning remains unknown. In the current study, we used an ethological approach to test the hypothesis that practice-related refinements of multiple behavioral features would be independently predictive of motor learning. Eighteen healthy, young adults used an upper-limb robot with eye-tracking to practice six trials of a continuous, visuomotor task once a week for six consecutive weeks. Participants used virtual paddles to hit away 200 “Targets” and avoid hitting 100 “Distractors” that continuously moved towards them from the back of the workspace. Motor learning was inferred from trial-by-trial acquisition and week-by-week retention of improvements on two measures of task performance related to motor execution and motor inhibition. Adaptations involving underlying neural processes were inferred from trial-by-trial acquisition and week-by-week retention of refinements on measures of skilled limb movement, visual search, eye-hand coordination and visuomotor decisions. We tested our hypothesis by quantifying the extent to which refinements on measures of multiple behavioral features (predictors) were independently predictive of improvements on our two measures of task performance (outcomes) after removing all shared variance between predictors. We found that refinements on measures of skilled limb movement, visual search and eye-hand coordination were independently predictive of improvements on our measure of task performance related to motor execution. In contrast, only refinements of eye-hand coordination were independently predictive of improvements on our measure of task performance related to motor inhibition. Our results provide indirect evidence that refinements involving multiple, neural processes may independently contribute to motor learning, and distinct neural processes may underlie improvements in task performance related to motor execution and motor inhibition. This also suggests that refinements involving multiple, neural processes may contribute to motor recovery after stroke, and rehabilitation interventions should be designed to produce refinements of all behavioral features that may contribute to motor recovery.