cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of stimulation of trigeminal sensory afferents upon caudate units in cats

Abstract LIDSKY, T. I., T. LABUSZEWSKI, M. J. AVITABLE AND J. H. ROBINSON. The effects of stimulation of trigeminal sensory afferents upon caudate units in cats . BRAIN RES. BULL. 4 (1) 9–14, 1979.—This investigation assessed the influences of trigeminal primary sensory afferents upon caudate neuronal activity in locally anesthetized and chloralose anesthetized cats. Afferents from jaw elevator stretch receptors were stimulated via electrodes in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Mes 5). Afferents from dental and periodontal receptors were stimulated via electrodes in the inferior dental nerve (IDN). Low intensity electrical stimulation of either locus evoked caudate neuronal responses with Mes 5 being more effective. Higher intensity stimulation of IDN in chloralose anesthetized cats was used to determine if thresholds of trigeminal-evoked caudate responses corresponded to thresholds of particular fiber groups in the sensory afferent. In all tested units, neuronal responses were only evoked when stimulation was suprathreshold for both Aβ and Aδ fibers. These data were discussed in relation to processing of oropharyngeal sensory information within the basal ganglia. Possible implications for bucco-lingual dyskinesias were noted.
Direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens for the laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections

Abstract The question of which stain or procedure to use for the detection of fungal elements is one that can be resolved by personal preference and user experience. All procedures require technologists to remember that specimens may contain any number of bacterial, fungal, or other etiologic agents. To “think microbiology” when looking at any type of direct examination will lead to better detection rates. Advances continue to be made in the area of rapid and direct detection of fungi in clinical specimens. Molecular techniques such as DNA probes, in situ hybridization, and the polymerase chain reaction are currently being evaluated in several reference laboratories. These techniques are shown to have high degrees of sensitivity and specificity. However, they are very specialized and cumbersome test that require several hours to complete, and will not be readily available to the average mycology laboratory in the near future. Currently, laboratories must rely on the astute powers of observation and inquisitive minds of those performing the work. Calcofluor white appears to enhance the detection of fungal elements due to its staining properties. Laboratories will find that investing in a fluorescent microscope and approproate filters will yield better patient care.
Nature and timing of faulting and synextensional magmatism in the southern Basin and Range, central-eastern Durango, Mexico

The Nazas area, in the central-eastern portion of the state of Durango, is within the poorly studied southern half of the Basin and Range province in Mexico. At Nazas, high-angle normal faults that cut part of the mid-Tertiary volcanic sequence strike between N 20° and 70° W, with 40% of them between N 40° and 50° W. Tilting of faulted blocks varies from 5° to 35° to the northeast, most commonly around 25° NE. A few blocks are tilted to the southwest as much as 25°. Fault offsets range from 40 m to nearly 300 m. The earliest faulting occurred between 31 and 29 Ma, before the emplacement of mid-Tertiary ash-flow tuffs had ended. The Santa Ines Formation, a widespread fanglomerate, was deposited after the earliest faulting episode and is overlain by 24 to 20 Ma alkalic basalt flows. Although not cut by faults, the flows are adjacent to or cover normal faults. Some of the mapped faults could have been coeval with basalt eruption, as is the case in Trans-Pecos Texas, where alkalic basalt having similar age and composition to that in the Nazas area erupted contemporaneously with normal faulting. The Nazas alkalic basalt also has similar age and stratigraphic position as, but is compositionally distinct from, the Southern Cordilleran Basaltic Andesite (SCORBA), a widespread mafic suite in southwestern North America that has been linked to regional extension.
Gas–surface energy exchange and thermal accommodation of CO2 and Ar in collisions with methyl, hydroxyl, and perfluorinated self-assembled monolayers

Molecular beams of CO2 and Ar were scattered from long-chain methyl (CH3–), hydroxyl (OH–), and perfluoro ((CF2)7CF3–) functionalized alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold to study the dynamics of energy exchange and thermal accommodation on model organic surfaces. Ar collisions, for incident energies ranging from 25 to 150 kJ mol−1, exhibit final energy distributions that depend significantly on the terminal functional group of the SAM. The long-chain CH3-terminated monolayers serve as an excellent energy sink for dissipating the incident translational energy. For example, at 150 kJ mol−1, greater than 90% of the collision energy is transferred to the CH3–SAM surface for specularly-scattered atoms (θi = θf = 30° from normal). However, the OH–SAM is a more rigid collision partner due to the formation of an intra-monolayer hydrogen bonding network and the (CF2)7CF3–SAM (F–SAM) provides a high degree of rigidity due to the massive CF3 groups. The final energies for the triatomic, CO2, scattering from the three surfaces are remarkably similar to the results for Ar scattering. The only significant difference in the translational energy transfer dynamics for these two gases appears in collisions with the OH–SAM. Strong gas–surface attractive forces between CO2 and the OH–SAM surface appear to counter the rigidity of the hydrogen-bonding network to help bring the majority of the molecules to thermal equilibrium at all incident energies up to 150 kJ mol−1, resulting in increased energy transfer in comparison to Ar. The similarities in energy transfer for Ar and CO2 final energy distributions in scattering from the CH3– and F–SAMs suggest that the internal degrees of freedom in the triatomic play only a small role in determining the outcome of the gas–surface collision under the scattering conditions employed in this work.
Parametric monitoring for the SUMMiT V surface-micromachining process

This paper reports on a set of parametric monitors for Sandia National Laboratories SUMMiT V (TM) (Sandia Ultra-planar Multi-level MEMS `i' Technology) five-level polysilicon surface micromachining process. Parametric monitors are typically used to monitor changes in the process due to either process drifts or intentional process changes. These parametric monitors are one of three types: electrical, electromechanical, or stress. In this paper we report on the design and characterization of these devices as well as how these devices are used to quantify the characteristics of the SUMMiT VTM process. We will demonstrate the use of these parametric devices in defining a baseline process.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A microradioiodination method for detection of nanogram amounts of proteins resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

A procedure is described for the rapid analysis of nanogram quantities of protein resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Proteins are first radioiodinated by the chloramine T method, acid precipitated after addition of a visible marker protein and collected on a nitrocellulose filter. The region of the filter containing protein is excised and the proteins are then extracted from the filter into electrophoresis sample buffer.
Where to Count Parties

Abstract To evaluate theories about the impact of electoral law on party systems, it is useful to have an indicator of exactly how many parties are competitive in a given election. Several formulae convert the vote shares won by multiple parties into single number-of-parties indices. While these formulae are typically applied to national vote shares, it is often more revealing to examine constituency-level data. For some purposes, the calculated value for the number-of-parties-in-the-nation is a poor substitute for a fuller description of how many parties or candidates exist, constituency by constituency.
Aerodynamic Effects and Modeling of Damage to Transport Aircraft

A wind tunnel investigation was conducted to measure the aerodynamic effects of damage to lifting and stability/control surfaces of a commercial transport aircraft configuration. The modeling of such effects is necessary for the development of flight control systems to recover aircraft from adverse, damage-related loss-of-control events, as well as for the estimation of aerodynamic characteristics from flight data under such conditions. Damage in the form of partial or total loss of area was applied to the wing, horizontal tail, and vertical tail. Aerodynamic stability and control implications of damage to each surface are presented, to aid in the identification of potential boundaries in recoverable stability or control degradation. The aerodynamic modeling issues raised by the wind tunnel results are discussed, particularly the additional modeling requirements necessitated by asymmetries due to damage, and the potential benefits of such expanded modeling.
Basic data standards for primate colonies.

A set of simple standards has been developed to ease the task of transferring primate colony data between institutions and computers, and to assure that colony vital statistics are appropriate for demographic and genetic analyses. The standards have been designed to be easily and inexpensively implemented from existing databases, and also may serve as a guide to the setup of new colony record-keeping systems. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PHOTOCATALYTIC BEHAVIOR OF MACROPOROUS TIO2-P25 COMPOSITE FILMS AND MACROPOROUS TIO2 FILMS COATED ON STAINLESS STEEL SUBSTRATE

Abstract Two types of photocatalytic films, macroporous TiO 2 -P25 (Degussa) composite films (PPMSGF-PEG) and macroporous TiO 2 films (TiO 2 -PEG), have been synthesized by a P25-PEG modified sol–gel method and a PEG modified sol–gel method, respectively. The physicochemical properties, including thermal behavior, surface morphology, crystallinity, crystal size, specific surface area (BET), pore volume and adhesion on the stainless steel substrate, of the two types of films were investigated by TGA, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM, N 2 adsorption and the tape test. The photocatalytic activities of the films were compared using 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4-CBA) as a model organic contaminant in water. It was found that adding 10 g/L P25 in the sol can improve not only the amount of crystalline material immobilized on the support, but also the BET surface area and pore volume of the films calcined at temperatures between 500 and 600 °C. N 2 adsorption results suggested that the enhanced BET surface area and pore volume were due to the formation of large pores induced by the presence of P25 powders, which could help retain a relatively high pore volume during calcination at higher temperatures. The results on photocatalytic degradation of 4-CBA showed that the increase in photocatalytic activity caused by P25 powders reached maximum for PPMSGF-PEG calcined at 500 °C, compared with that of TiO 2 -PEG film. The tape test showed that adding 10 g/L P25 in the sol did not affect the critical calcination temperature (i.e., 500 °C) at or above which excellent adhesion between the films and the stainless steel substrate can be maintained. This study proves that optimizing calcination temperature is still an important strategy for the preparation of macroporous TiO 2 -P25 composite films with enhanced photocatalytic activity and excellent adhesion on the stainless steel substrate.
β-Amyloid accumulation in aged canine brain: A model of early plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease

We characterized eight aged beagles (maintained from birth in a laboratory colony) and one black Labrador using Bielschowsky's, thioflavine S, and Congo red staining, and antibodies to the beta-amyloid peptide, dystrophic neurites, and other plaque components. All plaques within these canine brains were of the diffuse subtype and were neither thioflavine S- nor Congo red-positive. The majority of plaques in the entorhinal cortex contained numerous neurons within them while plaques in the dentate gyrus did not. beta-Amyloid immunoreactivity was also present within select neurons and neuronal processes and was detected as a diffuse linear zone corresponding to the terminal fields of the perforant path. There was no significant correlation between extent of beta-amyloid accumulation and neuron number in entorhinal cortex. Neither tau-1, PHF-1, nor SMI-31-immunostaining revealed dystrophic fibers, confirming the classification of these plaques as diffuse. Canine plaques did not appear to contain bFGF- or HS-positive immunostaining. This may explain why neuritic involvement was not detected within these canine plaques. It is possible that the beta-amyloid within the canine brain has a unique primary structure or may not be in an assembly state that adversely affects neurons.
Transferred L1 Strategies and L2 Syntactic Structure in L2 Sentence Comprehension

IN ITS RELATIVELY BRIEF HISTORY, second language acquisition (SLA) research has based its theoretical ground on principles derived from child language acquisition studies-which themselves are interdisciplinary, and heavily influenced by paradigms derived from linguistics and psychology.' Two predictable outcomes have thus occurred. First, the SLA research focus shifted whenever a promising new construct emerged in L1 theory. Assumptions regarding the role of the learner's L1 in L2 acquisition, for example, have changed dramatically in the last thirty years. Second, L2 acquisition processes were treated unidimensionally, as if they involved a single linguistic system. As a consequence, learners' L1 and L2 were conceptualized and analyzed separately without regard for the critical interactions which transpire between the two. Many researchers, in fact, have investigated the influence of L1 on L2 acquisition (e.g., 9; 10; 14; 15; 16; 18; 21; 37), while others have examined the effects of L2 structure on acquisition mechanisms (e.g., 11; 12; 13; 34). Relatively little attention, however, has been given to the ways in which learners' L1 knowledge and L1-based processing strategies are coalesced with the specific linguistic features and requirements of the target language. In an effort to minimize this gap, the present study explored the interplay between learners' L1 and L2 linguistic knowledge during L2 sentence processing. Cross-Linguistic Variance in Language Processing. During the last decade, interest has grown among linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, and educators in cross-linguistic variations in language processing. Child language studies, for example, demonstrate that children cannot make accurate responses to sentence forms which violate the perceived prototypical sentence patterns of their particular language (e.g., 3; 6; 20; 30; 38; 39). This finding would
COMPARISON OF THREE TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETE COMMUNITIES

The aquatic hyphomycete unit-community on a single leaf, the aquatic hyphomycete community on 60 randomly collected leaves, and the aquatic hyphomycete propagule pool in the Sangamon River, Illinois, were sampled simultaneously and the resulting data compared. No single species was clearly dominant according to all three techniques and although a large number of the same species occurred in data from all three techniques, species rankings were dissimilar. Generally, the propagule pool did not accurately reflect the structure of the aquatic hyphomycete community or the extent of colonization on randomly sampled leaves. The aquatic hyphomycete community on leaves (diversity = 13) was clearly dominated, according to relative importance values, by Filosporella annelidica and Tetracladium marchalianum. Other than a lower average number of species per leaf for oak, no major differences in aquatic hyphomycete community structure occurred between oak and maple leaves.
Environmental contamination of egg masses as a major component of transgenerational transmission of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV)

Abstract Gypsy moth egg masses acquired most nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) inoculum from their environment during, or within 3 days of, oviposition in contaminated habitats. Moths fed a sublethal NPV dose as second instars did not transmit infective virus to progeny. Precipitation subsequent to oviposition was not implicated in environmental contamination of egg masses. When adult females from a high-density population, in which an NPV epizootic occurred, were site-switched for oviposition with females from a moderate-density population, with moderate levels of NPV mortality, the deployment site, not the parental population, was the most important factor influencing NPV infection rate among their progeny. These experiments suggest that in NPV-contaminated sites, environmental contamination of egg masses, rather than transovum transmission from infected parents to progeny, is a more important means of transmission of NPV from one generation to the next.
Teaching with Technology: Finding a Workable Strategy.

There will always be proponents who feel that learning strategies influenced by behaviorism, by cognitivism, or by constructivism, will be best to facilitate learning. Our experiences lead us to a different conclusion: that beliefs about learning are best translated into practice using a combined array of different teaching strategies, with an eye toward what works for a given situation. Because educational technologies are new to most students, we have found that even with instructor facilitation, the freedom of a strictly constructivist classroom lends to too little being achieved, especially with the demands of state certification. Also undesirable would be a classroom influenced solely by behaviorist strategies. Classroom teachers are faced with a myriad of complex variables as they gain skills and knowledge in educational technologies. Trying to anticipate the variety of stimuli and reinforcements is not feasible in such a complex situation. Finally, pedagogies based on a strictly cognitivist learning theory may not facilitate the personal knowledge gained in a constructivist system, or the ability for rapid association and discrimination to learn simple facts, concepts, or procedures that can be efficiently acquired through a behaviorist approach. Through our experiences, we have found that by combining the strengths of different learning theories, we have created a workable mix of effective teaching and learning strategies. We have been able to tailor a course that provides the breadth, depth, and sustained interest to help both novice and intermediate learners integrate educational technologies in the classroom.
Teaching Button-Pushing versus Teaching Thinking: The State of New Media Education in US Universities

Using content analysis and survey, this study examines how the teaching of thinking skills and that of technological skills have been balanced in US new media programs to produce both employable graduates and life-long learners. Findings show that most programs have balanced the two skill sets but that more effort should be made to integrate the teaching of both skill sets in individual courses to give students an expedited, holistic learning experience.
The response of a moist zonally symmetric atmosphere to subtropical surface temperature perturbation

A moist zonally symmetric model has been developed in order to inveestigate the response of a moist atmosphere to subtropical surface temperature perturbations. This is an extension of the study by Plumb and Hou (1992) in which they found that the response of a dry atmosphere to a localized subtropical thermal forcing exhibits threshold behaviour. An inviscid steady-state theory for zonally symmetric moist atmospheres by Emanuel (1995) is presented first. The model calculations confirm the theory. Then the model is used to examine how moisture-dynamics feedback influences the threshold behaviour, for a given subtropical surface temperature perturbation. The threshold behaviour is not changed by the inclusion of moisture-dynamics feedback. Finally, calculations are performed for cases with time-varying surface temperature perturbations, in order to check the extent to which steady-state theory can be applied. It is found that the theory is applicable to cases with seasonally varying surface temperature perturbations. Finally some implications of this study are discussed.
Empirical Analysis of Competition between Wal‐Mart and Other Retail Channels

This paper quantifies the degree of competition between Wal-Mart and different retail channels by exploiting a unique dataset that describes a consumer's choice of store. Using a discrete choice model, I estimate a consumer's choice of retailer in the sales market for DVDs among online, mass merchant, electronics, video specialty, and music stores. Wal-Mart competes more intensely with other mass merchants, and conditional on price and distance, the average consumer still prefers Wal-Mart to most other stores. I also consider a counterfactual experiment regarding the entry of Wal-Mart into 15 proposed store sites into California.
Recommendations to Improve Preconception Health and Health Care: Strategies for Implementation

Promoting preconception health and health care is widely accepted as a useful prevention strategy to lessen adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. There remains, however, a lack of national s...
A Novel Mechanism of Anode-Break Stimulation Predicted by Bidomain Modeling

-Anodal stimulation by external pacemakers has been explained on the basis of bidomain models of cardiac tissue. Bidomain models predict that anodal stimuli will hyperpolarize the underlying tissue while adjacent regions become depolarized (virtual cathodes), initiating excitation. We investigated the contribution of active cellular properties to anode-break stimulation. A bidomain model was implemented in which each cell contained realistic ionic currents, including those recruited by hyperpolarization. Simulations reveal that anode-break excitation can originate at the site of stimulation itself and not only from adjacent regions of induced depolarization. The threshold for initiating excitation at the site of stimulation is lower than that for stimulation initiating from adjacent depolarized regions. Thus, incorporation of active cellular properties into a bidomain model predicts a novel mechanism for anode-break stimulation of the heart. The results will improve our understanding of anodal pacing and its risks and benefits in patients.
La Calidad de Vida dentro de La Villita: An Investigation of Factors Affecting Quality of Life of Latino Residents of an Urban Immigrant Residential Enclave

The goal of this study was to examine factors affecting the quality of life of Latino residents of Little Village—a predominantly Latino urban gateway community in the city of Chicago. Two focus groups with Latino residents and eleven interviews with stakeholders in this community were employed to collect the data. The findings show that the quality of life of Latino residents was affected by a number of interrelated factors, including environmental degradation, insufficient access to open spaces, low sense of community, fear of crime, and undocumented status of many residents. Findings of this study are discussed and a number of practical implications are provided.
Extended-Hückel study of the (111), (100), and (110) surfaces of copper

We have found that the energy bands of bulk copper can be fit equally well with a set of Hamiltonian parameters ${H}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ and overlap parameters ${S}_{\mathrm{ij}}={\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ corresponding to Wannier basis functions or by a set (${H}_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\ensuremath{'}}, {S}_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) corresponding to atomic basis functions or by any of a continuum of sets (${H}_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}, {S}_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$) between (${H}_{\mathrm{ij}}, {S}_{\mathrm{ij}}$) and (${H}_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\ensuremath{'}}, {S}_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$). Using the Wannier parameters in thin-film calculations we previously obtained surface-charge deficits of $\ensuremath{-}0.198e$, $\ensuremath{-}0.269e$, and $\ensuremath{-}0.354e$ for the (111), (100), and (110) films, respectively. Using atomic parameters we obtain a surface-charge surplus of $0.256e$ for a (111) film. Using a set of intermediate parameters we obtain deviations from surface-charge neutrality of $0.0079e$, $\ensuremath{-}0.0013e$, and $\ensuremath{-}0.0452e$ for the (111), (100), and (110) films. We give a physical explanation of why one would expect a set of intermediate parameters to yield approximate surface-charge neutrality on all three surfaces. Exact surface-charge neutrality can be obtained by making small surface-parameter shifts. We discuss the effect of the new parameters on the surface states, the most interesting of which is the (111) state in the ${L}_{{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{1}$ gap. It is shifted downward but still lies 0.1 eV above ${E}_{F}$ rather than the 0.4 eV below ${E}_{F}$ needed if it is to be used to explain the photoemission data of Gartland and Slagsvold.
Financial Analyst Characteristics and Herding Behavior in Forecasting

This study classifies analysts' earnings forecasts as herding or bold and finds that (1) boldness likelihood increases with the analyst's prior accuracy, brokerage size, and experience and declines with the number of industries the analyst follows, consistent with theory linking boldness with career concerns and ability; (2) bold forecasts are more accurate than herding forecasts; and (3) herding forecast revisions are more strongly associated with analysts' earnings forecast errors (actual earnings—forecast) than are bold forecast revisions. Thus, bold forecasts incorporate analysts' private information more completely and provide more relevant information to investors than herding forecasts.
Time and Punishment: Delayed Consequences and Criminal Behavior

This article develops two distinct explanations for the failure of potential consequences to influence behavior. Discounting is the tendency to deliberatively devalue the future. In contrast, poor impulse control refers to the failure to consider the future. The implications of this distinction were investigated with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. The study produced several findings. First, both forms of present-orientation independently predicted a range of problem outcomes among respondents. Second, high discounting was a better predictor of deliberative or future-related problem outcomes, whereas poor impulse control was a better predictor of urge driven behaviors or conduct involving little forethought. Third, only poor impulse control but not high discounting predicted violent offending among respondents. While both forms of present-orientation were associated with property offending, high discounting was a stronger and more consistent predictor. These three findings were far more evident for males than they were for females.
Further structural analysis of the murine H-Kkb glycoprotein using radiochemical methodology☆

Abstract This report documents progress towards determination of the complete amino acid sequence of the murine MHC† H-2 Kb molecule, using radiolabeled material obtained by immune precipitation of H-2.33 bearing glycoproteins from non-ionic detergent lysates of lymphoid tumor cells (EL4) cultured in the presence of radiolabeled amino acids. All amino acids including Gln but with the exception of aspartic acid and asparagine have been successfully incorporated in isotopically labeled form in the Kb molecule at levels sufficient to allow assignment of 153 residues in 170 positions. Automatic sequence analysis was carried out on the intact molecule, on CNBr fragments, and most recently on peptides isolated by ion exchange chromatography from tryptic digests of CNBr fragments. Analysis of our recently obtained data on the amino acid sequence of the H-2Kb antigen reveals 73% homology to human HLA molecules for the 124 positions available for comparison at this time. The majority of differences between the molecules occur within discrete regions.
The use of thumbtacks to stop massive presacral hemorrhage.

Massive bleeding from the sacral basivertebral vein is uncommon and can be fatal because conventional methods to control the bleeding are often futile. Occlusion of the bleeding site with a titanium thumbtack is easy and effective
Exploring the Ideal Gas Law through a Quantitative Gasometric Analysis of Nitrogen Produced by the Reaction of Sodium Nitrite with Sulfamic Acid

The gasometric analysis of nitrogen produced in a reaction between sodium nitrite, NaNO2, and sulfamic acid, H(NH2)SO3, provides an alternative to more common general chemistry experiments used to study the ideal gas law, such as the experiment in which magnesium is reacted with hydrochloric acid. This experiment, in which the percent sodium nitrite of a sample is determined with the use of equipment commonly found in a general chemistry laboratory, was first published in 1946, and data culled over the last several years show that modifications to the procedure, specifically replacing a glass vial with a gel capsule, have improved accuracy and precision in this classic laboratory exercise. In addition to the ideal gas law, this experiment provides students with an opportunity to analyze data using principles and concepts that constitute core topics often presented in the first semester of general chemistry, such as stoichiometry, redox equations, Dalton’s law of partial pressures, the vapor pressure of wa...
Upper crustal structure of the western Colombian Basin, Caribbean Sea

Multichannel seismic reflection profiles show that most of the western Colombian Basin is underlain by a large oceanic plateau. The crust of this plateau has a smooth upper surface, an oceanic velocity structure, and a thickness at least twice that of typical oceanic crust. Locally well defined reflections within the plateau crust are related to layered basalt flows and interbedded sediments. A mounded reflection pattern within acoustic basement at the crest of the plateau (Mono Rise) may represent volcanic knolls. Smooth-surfaced basement of the western Colombian Basin is probably equivalent to the Upper Cretaceous basement complex below seismic reflection horizon B″ in the central Venezuelan Basin and resembles the basements of some Cretaceous oceanic plateaus and aseismic rises in the western Pacific. An area of apparently typical oceanic crust lies adjacent to the Colombian Basin plateau and may represent relatively unmodified oceanic crust upon which the plateau was constructed. Reflections within the flank of the Colombian Basin plateau appear to overlap this crust, indicating that the plateau is younger than the oceanic crust. Oceanic plateau crust extends to Panama and Costa Rica without apparent structural break and may be continuous with the basement complex of southern Central America.
Core‐size marker resonance Raman bands of metallotetraphenylporphines

Resonance Raman spectra are reported for Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) tetraphenylporphine (TPP). Systematic examination of the resonance Raman frequencies of these and of previously reported TPP derivatives has revealed three bands which exhibit a linear correlation with porphyrin core size (Ct–N), near 1460 cm−1 (polarized), 1540 cm−1 (anomalously polarized) and 1570 cm−1 (polarized). Parameters derived from the correlations indicate a reasonable similarity between these TPP modes and those of biological-type metalloporphyrins which also correlate with Ct–N.
Relative prices and international competitiveness: An empirical investigation

This paper examines the relationship between competitive shares and relative prices for the exports of Japan, Korea and India over the past fifteen years. For Japan the results are consistent with neotechnological theories, and may be explained by a recently explicated model which applies the logic of Hicks' induced innovation mechanism to trade analysis. For the developing countries the results are found to be systematically associated with foreign trade regimes pursued as a part of overall development strategies. Thus the applicability of typical results derivable from standard static trade theories are found to be bound or restricted to special cases defined by stages of economic development, and by policy choices.
Adaptively Thinned Arrays

Array thinning places a low sidelobe amplitude taper on a large antenna array by making certain elements in a uniform array inactive. The active elements contribute to forming the beam, while the inactive elements are terminated in a matched load. Transmit/receive (T/R) modules often have switches that not only connect to the transmit or receive paths but also connect to a calibration port. In addition to changing between transmit, receive, and calibration modes, these switches can be used to alter the array thinning to either modify the sidelobe level or move a null. This paper describes an approach to interference suppression by adaptively thinning the array in order to reject sidelobe interference. Changing the random thinning can lower a sidelobe or place a null in the direction of interference.
Novel Antiangiogenic Agents in the Treatment of Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract The approvals of sunitinib, sorafenib, and temsirolimus have dramatically altered the management of renal cell carcinoma. The combination of bevacizumab and interferon-α was recently approved in Europe and could receive regulatory approval in the United States. A recent randomized trial reported improved outcomes with everolimus following first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Despite enhanced outcomes with these agents, they are not curative, and more effective therapy is essential. Other novel antiangiogenic agents are being evaluated, including TKIs, monoclonal antibodies, and agents against other novel targets. Additionally, novel combinations of antiangiogenic agents are emerging. The rapid expansion in the therapeutic armamentarium holds the promise of further enhancing outcomes.
Highlights in basic autonomic neurosciences: sympathetic neuroplasticity in the post-ischemic heart.

It has been over 2 decades since Vracko first demonstrated axon sprouting in the ischemic rat and human heart (Vracko et al. 1990 Lab Invest 63:490–501; 1991 Hum Pathol 22: 138–146), and nearly 10 years since Chen, Fishbein, and colleagues revealed its significance in generation of arrhythmias (Zhou et al. 2004 Circ Res 95: 76–83). Subsequent studies have now shed new light on the actual extent and diversity of post-ischemic cardiac neuroplasticity. We now understand that neuroplastic changes are complex, involving both regional sympathetic degeneration and sprouting; that it involves interactions with both inflammatory cells and myocardial cells whose developmental state may be altered; and that plasticity extends beyond the heart, also involving the stellate ganglion. This “Highlights in Autonomic Neuroscience” discusses recent findings on post-ischemic autonomic cardiac plasticity.
Drafting New York Civil-Litigation Documents: Part VI - The Answer

This article, the sixth in a series on drafting civil-litigation documents in New York, explores how to write an answer in response to to a complaint.
Primary photophysical and photochemical processes of 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde in crystalline durene

The temperature dependence (10–160 K) of the phosphorescence lifetimes and intensities of 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde (TMB) in crystalline durene have been investigated. Two phosphorescence bands (407.5 and 411.2 nm) are observed to grow in with increasing temperature, reach a maximum intensity, and decrease in intensity at higher temperatures. Exponential phosphorescence decays are observed in the 10 to 95 K and 110 to 160 K ranges, while non-exponential decays are observed in the 95 to 110 K region. Ultra-violet photolysis, particularly at higher temperatures, is seen to decrease the intensity of the infra-red carbonyl stretching band at 1703 cm-1, but not the one at 1684 cm-1. A model in which two inequivalent sets of TMB molecules in the durene lattice undergo their own unique photochemical and photophysical processes is suggested to explain the results. It is proposed that within each site the lower, predominantly 3ππ* state of the anti TMB conformer is in thermal equilibrium with the higher-lying 3n...
Visualizing Molecular Profiles of Glioblastoma with GBM-BioDP

Validation of clinical biomarkers and response to therapy is a challenging topic in cancer research. An important source of information for virtual validation is the datasets generated from multi-center cancer research projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA). These data enable investigation of genetic and epigenetic changes responsible for cancer onset and progression, response to cancer therapies, and discovery of the molecular profiles of various cancers. However, these analyses often require bulk download of data and substantial bioinformatics expertise, which can be intimidating for investigators. Here, we report on the development of a new resource available to scientists: a data base called Glioblastoma Bio Discovery Portal (GBM-BioDP). GBM-BioDP is a free web-accessible resource that hosts a subset of the glioblastoma TCGA data and enables an intuitive query and interactive display of the resultant data. This resource provides visualization tools for the exploration of gene, miRNA, and protein expression, differential expression within the subtypes of GBM, and potential associations with clinical outcome, which are useful for virtual biological validation. The tool may also enable generation of hypotheses on how therapies impact GBM molecular profiles, which can help in personalization of treatment for optimal outcome. The resource can be accessed freely at http://gbm-biodp.nci.nih.gov (a tutorial is included).
Phase space structure and anomalous diffusion in a rotational fluid experiment

The transport of passive scalars is considered in a model of rotating annulus experiments. The system has a chain of vortices and a jet, separated by a stochastic layer. For special values of the control parameters, the boundary of the stochastic layer can contain self-similar structures of islands with regular trajectories. Two such values are identified, with the structure being on the jet boundary and on the vortex boundary, respectively. The transport properties for both cases were studied by high-precision direct numerical integration of the equations of motion. The presence of such structures is found to significantly affect the statistical properties of the trajectories and the transport exponent. The results of the computations are compared with various theoretical models of anomalous diffusion. The particle behavior was found to depend significantly on the time scale, with different theories being applicable on different time intervals. Some regimes do not match any of the existing theories. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.
Poly(vinyl chloride)–polyol (AB)x block copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, and mechanical properties

Poly(vinyl chloride)–polyol (AB)x block copolymers have been prepared by the condensation polymerization of low-molecular-weight hydroxy-terminated poly(vinyl chlorides) (PVC) and diisocyanate-capped polyester and polyether diols. The difunctional poly(vinyl chlorides) were synthesized by ozonization of commercial resin followed by metal hydride reduction. The (AB)x block copolymers, which contained 3000 or 4300 molecular weight PVC block sizes and 1000–2000 molecular weight polyol segments, had a wide range of mechanical properties, depending on overall polymer structure. Tensile strengths ranged from 7.8 to 31.5 MPa, elongations from 125% to 610% and torsional stiffness temperatures (Tf) from 25°C to −22°C.
Effects of rapeseed meal soil amendments on microsclerotia of Cylindrocladium crotalariae in naturally-infested soil

Abstract Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) of peanut, caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae, is most often controlled through the use of metham sodium (Vapam), a commercial soil fumigant. Several plant species, including rape, produce glucosinolates which decompose to form isothiocyanates which are closely related to methyl isothiocyanate the active ingredient of metham sodium. Such plants may be useful in CBR control strategies. This research was conducted to determine the fungicidal effect of the glucosinolate in rapeseed meal on microsclerotia of C. crotalariae. Rapeseed meal containing 13 mmol of glucosinolate kg-1 was added to a soil column 50 mm in diameter and 325 mm long. Meal was either placed at the 150 mm depth or mixed with the top 150 mm of soil. An untreated control and metham sodium at a rate equivalent to 190 L ha-1 injected 150 mm deep were included. Metham sodium was much more effective in reducing microsclerotial populations of C. crotalariae than rapeseed meal. However, the amount of glu...
Age and gender effects on postural control measures.

Abstract Objective: Identifying age-related changes in the postural control system is an important first step towards understanding the risk for falls in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether age or gender had any effects on six relatively new postural control measures. Design: Cross-sectional, 2 × 2 factorial design, representing two ages (younger [20 to 35 years], and older [60 to 75 years]) and both sexes. Setting: University campus. Participants: Twenty-four community dwelling healthy adults (12 women, 12 men) participated in each of the younger and older groups. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included five force platform measures and functional reach (cm). The force platform measures, obtained using the Balance Master system, included movement time and path length to targets, and sway area under conditions of eyes open, eyes closed, and with visual feedback. Results: Although gender was not significant for any outcome measure, age was significant in all six outcome measures. Older adults demonstrated larger areas of sway regardless of condition (eyes open, eyes closed or with visual feedback). Older adults had longer movement times, longer path lengths, and shorter distances of functional reach when compared with younger adults. Conclusions: The results suggest that the measures studied are sensitive to age-related changes in healthy elderly.
Some Observations on Actinosphaerium nucleofilum n. sp., a New Fresh Water Actinophryid.*

SYNOPSIS. A new fresh water species of Actinosphaerium is described, the fourth member of the genus. Some of the more significant of its diagnostic traits are: 1) the Actinophrys-like nuclei with peripheral nucleolar granules and without central rosette-shaped nucleoli, 2) the occurrence of some nuclei in the ecto-endoplasmic border and the insertion of axial filaments on them, and 3) the low ratio of endoplasm to ectoplasm.
Detection of immune complexes using a solid-phase C1q polystyrene ball assay

A polystyrene ball C1q solid-phase assay (PSB C1q SPA) has been developed for quantitating immune complexes in human serum. While similar to the previously reported solid-phase C1q assays in principle, the use of polystyrene balls with a specular finish has resulted in an assay with significantly improved accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility. The sensitivity of the assay based on the amount of AHGG bound per microgram C1q added was approximately 12-fold higher in the PSB assay compared to the polystyrene tube solid-phase C1q method. In order to correct for variable background contributions in different samples, values obtained with heat-inactivated C1q were subtracted from each experimental result. Reproducibility studies yielded a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10 and 4% in day-to-day assays using 25 microgram and 100 microgram AHGG/ml normal serum, respectively compared to 11--15% for the tube technique. Within run measurements gave a CV of 37 and 20% at the low and high levels of AHGG. Aggregated human gamma-globulin (AHGG) was used as a model immune complex and when chromatographed on Biogel A-15m yielded major fractions at greater than or equal to 15,000,000 and 150,000 daltons. Maximum binding of AHGG to PSB C1q occurred with aggregates greater than 15,000,000 daltons. Optimum binding of human albumin-anti-albumin complexes in the PSB C1q SPA occurred at a molar ratio of 1 : 1.5. The size distribution of this complex active in the assay determined by sucrose density gradients was 14--32 S with peaks at 21 and 27 S. A normal range of immune complexes was determined as 15 +/- 8 microgram AHGG equivalents (+/- 2 S.D., n = 65). Approximately 70% of rheumatoid arthritis, linear scleroderma, vasculitis, Sjogren's and glomerulonephritis and 40% of SLE patients were above 2 S.D. of normal. SLE patients demonstrated elevations in immune complexes only during periods of increased disease severity. The assay was a useful monitor of plasmapheresis in an SLE patient, showing decreases in immune complexes after each plasmapheresis. DNA did not interfere with AHGG binding whereas lipemia prevented detection of added AHGG.
Theory of the tensile ductile-brittle behavior of poly-crystalline h.c.p. materials, with application to beryllium☆

Abstract A number of the h.c.p. metals, such as beryllium, are similar to other potentially brittle materials, most notably, steel, in that they all show in a certain range of temperature an abrupt change in ductility. In the h.c.p. case, the transition in behavior is reasonably sensitive to the polycrystal grain size. In the present study, an explanation is given for this dependence and for other variations in the ductile-brittle behavior in terms of the theory and experiments underlying the (Hall-Petch) stress-grain size equations. The theory for the behavioral change is connected in an important way with critical resolved shear stress measurements for various deformation systems in single crystals.