cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Facilitating Vulnerability and Power in New Hampshire Listen’s “Blue and You”

This study examines the on-going work of New Hampshire Listens, a convener of deliberative conversations, specific to their work with police-community relationships. Attending particularly to the facilitators and planners of New Hampshire “Blue and You” in a small city, the study found systemic practices of early stakeholder involvement in the planning, holding space for disparate views, promoting storytelling, and creating intimate physical spaces addressed the vulnerability felt by participants. These practices distributed power among stakeholders, aided in preparing participants for the conversation, and fostered neutrality in the forum. They provide several ideas for how deliberation practitioners and scholars might respond to the present polarizing political context.
Modality-Specific Deep Learning Model Ensembles Toward Improving TB Detection in Chest Radiographs

The proposed study evaluates the efficacy of knowledge transfer gained through an ensemble of modality-specific deep learning models toward improving the state-of-the-art in Tuberculosis (TB) detection. A custom convolutional neural network (CNN) and selected popular pretrained CNNs are trained to learn modality-specific features from large-scale publicly available chest x-ray (CXR) collections including (i) RSNA dataset (normal = 8851, abnormal = 17833), (ii) Pediatric pneumonia dataset (normal = 1583, abnormal = 4273), and (iii) Indiana dataset (normal = 1726, abnormal = 2378). The knowledge acquired through modality-specific learning is transferred and fine-tuned for TB detection on the publicly available Shenzhen CXR collection (normal = 326, abnormal = 336). The predictions of the best performing models are combined using different ensemble methods to demonstrate improved performance over any individual constituent model in classifying TB-infected and normal CXRs. The models are evaluated through cross-validation (n = 5) at the patient-level with an aim to prevent overfitting, improve robustness and generalization. It is observed that a stacked ensemble of the top-3 retrained models demonstrates promising performance (accuracy: 0.941; 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.899, 0.985], area under the curve (AUC): 0.995; 95% CI: [0.945, 1.00]). One-way ANOVA analyses show there are no statistically significant differences in accuracy ( $P =$ .759) and AUC ( $P =$ .831) among the ensemble methods. Knowledge transferred through modality-specific learning of relevant features helped improve the classification. The ensemble model resulted in reduced prediction variance and sensitivity to training data fluctuations. Results from their combined use are superior to the state-of-the-art.
Presentation, disease progression and outcomes of adrenal gland metastases

Objective Data on the presentations and outcomes of patients with adrenal gland metastases are limited. Our objectives were to characterize the prevalence of adrenal metastases subtypes and investigate how varying clinical presentations affect disease progression, development of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) and mortality. Design Single institution tertiary centre, retrospective cohort study from 1997 to 2020. Patients and measurements Adult patients with adrenal metastases. Clinical, radiologic and biochemical presentations and outcomes were reviewed. Results Of 579 patients (62.3% men, median age 67 years [range 25-92]) with adrenal metastases (median tumour size of 30 mm [range 5-200]), 339 (58.5%) were discovered during cancer staging, 210 (36.3%) were found incidentally, and 29 (5.0%) based on symptoms. Tumours originated from the lung (226, 39.0%), genitourinary (GU) (160, 27.6%), gastrointestinal (GI) (79, 13.6%) and other (114, 19.7%) organ systems. Bilateral metastases were found in 140 (24.2%) patients at the time of initial diagnosis, and 249 (43.0%) had bilateral disease throughout the study course. PAI developed in 12.4% of patients with bilateral disease and was associated with larger tumour size. Median follow-up time was 14 months (range 0-232), and 442 (76.3%) patients died. Higher mortality was independently associated with older age, adrenal metastases originating from the lung, bilateral disease, and the absence of adrenalectomy. Conclusions Adrenal gland metastases originated most commonly from lung, GU and GI malignancies. Bilateral adrenal metastases occurred in 43% of patients, and PAI occurred in 12.4% of those with bilateral disease, warranting further case detection strategies.
Weak-Coupling Structure in 207 Bi Studied with the 209 Bi(p, t) 207 Bi and 208 Pb(p, t) 206 Pb Reactions

The $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(p, t)^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$ and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}(p, t)^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ reactions were studied at a proton energy of 17.8 MeV in order to examine possible relationships between the nuclear structures of $^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$ and $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$. From a detailed comparison of the cross sections and angular distributions observed in the two reactions, it is concluded that a number of low-lying levels in $^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$ are built upon core excitations which can be identified with the levels of $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$. The cross-section comparisons served to measure the fragmentation of the observed core strengths caused by the particle-core interaction in $^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$, and yielded the corresponding weak-coupling wave-function amplitudes for the low-lying $^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$ levels. The results show that considerable mixing occurs in $^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$ between members of a multiplet based on the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ core excitation and the single-particle proton levels, so that the $L=2$ $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(p, t)^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$ cross section was not distributed according to the normal ($2J+1$) rule. The measured wave-function amplitudes are consistent with a weak-coupling structure, however, and also are consistent with $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, d)^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$ measurements of the fragmentation of the single-particle proton strengths produced by the particle-core interaction.
A Tutorial on Analysis Techniques for Deriving Mechanical Shock and Vibration Environmental Specifications from Field Data

There is a wide variety of applications that subject systems to mechanical shock and vibration environments. How to best characterize those environments and generate the necessary system and component test specifications varies according to the nature of the underlying environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an overview of some commonly used analysis techniques for a range of field environments including transportation and handling, aircraft carriage, and missile flight. The paper will also address statistical methods for defining the Maximum Predicted Environment and test control methods as they pertain to achieving the best possible system and component laboratory simulations.
Right Ventricular Function and Pulmonary Hypertension

This chapter will provide an overview of the echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricle (RV). Evaluation of right ventricular size and function will be reviewed, with discussion of the various quantification parameters and the different methods of obtaining them. In addition, we will review the echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension and its effects on the right ventricle.
Electrolyte Regulating toward Stabilization of Cobalt-Free Ultrahigh-Nickel Layered Oxide Cathode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cobalt (Co)-free ultrahigh-nickel (Ni) layered oxides exhibit dual competitive advantages in reducing the cathode cost and boosting the energy density, promising the sustainable development of batt...
Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal disorder of B-cell lymphocytic lineage characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells. It accounts for approx 10% of all the hematological malignancies and 1% of all cancers in the United States. In the year 2000, MM was diagnosed in approx 13,700 people in the United States and accounted for 20% of deaths from hematological malignancies (1). The median age of onset is 68 yr. It is slightly more frequent in women and the incidence in African-Americans is twice that of Whites. Both the overall incidence and specifically the incidence in African-Americans have been rising in recent years. A recent study explored whether dietary factors contribute to the risk of MM and the twofold higher incidence among Blacks compared with Whites in the United States. Data from a food frequency questionnaire were analyzed for 346 White and 193 Black subjects with MM, and 1086 White and 903 Black controls who participated in a population-based case-control study of MM in three areas of the United States. This study concluded that the greater use of vitamin C supplements by Whites and the higher frequency of obesity among Blacks may explain part of the higher incidence of MM among Blacks compared to Whites in the United States.
A somatic piRNA pathway regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of chick neural crest cells

Abstract In the metazoan germline, Piwi proteins play an essential regulatory role in maintenance of stemness and self-renewal by piRNA-mediated repression of transposable elements. To date, the activity of Piwi proteins and the piRNA pathway in vertebrates was believed to be confined to the gonads. Our results reveal expression of Piwil1 in a vertebrate somatic cell type, the neural crest–a migratory embryonic stem cell population. We show that Piwil1 is expressed at low levels throughout chick neural crest development, peaking just before neural crest cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to leave the neural tube and migrate into the periphery. Importantly, loss of Piwil1 impedes neural crest emigration. Small RNA sequencing reveals somatic piRNAs with sequence signatures of an active ping pong loop. Coupled with Piwil1 knockout RNA-seq, our data suggest that Piwil1 regulates expression of the transposon derived gene ERNI in the chick dorsal neural tube, which in turn suppresses Sox2 expression to precisely control the timing of neural crest specification and emigration. Our work provides mechanistic insight into a novel function of the piRNA pathway as a regulator of somatic development in vertebrates.
A Review of Entomology and Death: A Procedural Guide

This manual is an excellent blending of scientific techniques and knowledge with criminal investigation backgrounds. It works at maintaining the skills and precision needed by the entomologist to translate rather gruesome scenes into worthwhile courtroom information, plus tweaking one's conscience with ethical and objective standards.
THE MONETARY ENVIRONMENT AND LONG‐RUN REVERSALS IN STOCK RETURNS

Previous research attributes long-run reversals to investor overreaction or tax-motivated trading; we offer an alternative explanation based on the monetary environment. Prices rebound for stocks that have performed poorly over the past several years (losers); however, the rebound occurs only during expansive monetary conditions. Winners only reverse course when monetary conditions are restrictive. Past research shows that the three-factor model explains long-run stock reversals; we show that the monetary environment plays an instrumental role in the observation. Finally, we show that reversal patterns are closely linked to both the monetary environment and a firm's level of financial constraints.
States in a Weak—Near-Resonant Laser

The interaction energy of an electron in an atom with a laser field can range from a small fraction of its interaction energy in the bare atom to many times that energy. Theories therefore range from simple perturbation theory in the electron-field interaction to those in which it must be treated to all orders. To see this we note that a convenient atomic unit for the field is1 $$ {E_0} = \frac{e}{{a_0^2}} \cong 5.14 \times {10^8}V/c{m^2} $$ (2.1.1) and from this we construct an atomic unit for intensity $$ {I_0} = cE_0^2/8\pi \cong 3.52 \times {10^{16}}V/c{m^2} $$ (2.1.2) .
Lupus-like nephrotropic autoantibodies in non-autoimmune mice harboring an anti-basement membrane\anti-DNA Ig heavy chain transgene

Autoantibodies target a diverse group of tissue antigens in human and experimental autoimmune nephritis. The proximal events that generate and regulate these various pathogenic Ab remain obscure. To examine the origins and fate in normal mice of autoantibodies reactive with renal basement membrane antigen, we established mice transgenic for an IgM H chain encoding an unmutated nephrotropic V region, termed LamH, derived from an MRL\lpr mouse and directed against basement membrane laminin. We previously demonstrated that in vitro transfectants combining LamH-Cμ with unmutated L chains generate distinct nephrotropic autoantibodies. Herein we report in vivo reconstruction of diverse pathogenic autoreactivity by association of LamH-Cμ with endogenous L chains. Progeny of one founder, termed M7, express a distinct phenotype characterized by minimal B cell mIgM and spontaneous production of LamH-Cμ autoreactivity. Similar Ab were not recovered from two phenotypically distinct transgenic lines expressing abundant transgene mIgM. The results suggest that lupus-like autoantibodies are readily generated in the normal genetic background by random recombinatorial events in the absence of mutation and that these Ab may contribute to disease if normal regulation is disturbed.
Chronic Depression: Interpersonal Sources, Therapeutic Solutions

The link between depression and interpersonal behaviors has long been the subject of theoretical and empirical scrutiny. In "Chronic Depression", authors Jeremy Pettit and Thomas Joiner draw upon the extensive body of research on interpersonal processes of depression and develop a new explanatory framework for this persistent mental illness. Their framework operates with the understanding that depression appears include self-sustaining processes, with these processes being in part interpersonal, and that viewing the processes from an interpersonal standpoint may be useful in applied settings. In this highly readable volume, the authors survey the interpersonal sources of chronic depression, discussing interpersonal processes (stress generation, negative feedback-seeking, interpersonal conflict avoidance, and blame maintenance, among others) that lead to the maintenance of depression. Clinically-relevant examples and dialogues are interwoven in the text to demonstrate how interpersonal relationships can be impacted by these processes, and how they may be addressed in the context of treatment. The ideas presented in this book are sure to be valuable to students who are learning about depression, researchers who study the phenomenon, and therapists working to help clients with seemingly intractable cases of depression.
Angular-momentum components of the rho-meson

A model is investigated in which the rho-meson is described as a « quark-quark » pair in anL=1 orbital-angular-momentum state. This model is in line with suggestions obtained from applications ofSL3,R algebra. By attributing the large spread in energies of the rho to a spread in orbital rotational energies, we conclude that the rho has a corresponding spread in angular-momentum values: the rho is in a pureL=1 state only at the peak of the resonance. A quantitative comparison of calculations with a recent Berkeley ππ phase-shift analysis appears to substantiate this viewpoint. This model, which reproduces the properties of the rho-meson, is readily extended to reproduce the properties of the ω-meson.
Accurate simulation and evaluation of code reordering

The need for bridging the ever growing gap between memory and processor performance has motivated research for exploiting the memory hierarchy effectively. An important software solution called code reordering produces a new program layout to better utilize the available memory hierarchy. Many algorithms have been proposed. They differ based on: 1) the code granularity assumed by the reordering algorithm, and 2) the models used to guide code placement. In this paper we present a framework that provides accurate simulation and evaluation of code reordering algorithms on an out-of-order superscalar processor. Our approach allows both profile-guided and compile-time approaches to be simulated. Using a single simulation pass, different graph models are constructed and utilized during code placement. Various combinations of basic block/procedure reordering algorithms can be employed. We discuss the necessary modifications made to a detailed simulator of a processor in order to accurately simulate the optimized code layout.
Migration Decisions, Acculturation, and Overweight among Asian and Latino Immigrant Adults in the United States

Using the 2002-2003 National Latino and Asian American Study ( NLAAS), we examine relationships between acculturation, migration decisions, and overweight among Latino and Asian immigrants. Pooled logistic regression models showed no evidence that acculturation and migration decisions were related to overweight among Asians, but models for Latinos indicated that aspects of acculturation (duration of US residence and English proficiency) and migration decisions (moving to find a job) were significantly associated with overweight status. However, interaction models also highlighted the gendered nature of the acculturation-weight relationship, such that country-of-origin ties can have different implications for the overweight status of male and female immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Radiation exposure to the surgeon during closed interlocking intramedullary nailing

During interlocking intramedullary nailing of twenty-five femoral and five tibial fractures, the primary surgeon wore both a universal film badge on the collar of the lead apron and a thermoluminescent dosimeter ring on the dominant hand to quantify the radiation that he or she received. When distal interlocking was performed, the first ring was removed and a second ring was used so that a separate recording could be made for this portion of the procedure. At the conclusion of the study, all of the recorded doses of radiation were averaged. The average amount of radiation to the head and neck during the entire procedure was 7.0 millirems of deep exposure and 8.0 millirems of shallow exposure. The average dose of radiation to the dominant hand during insertion of the intramedullary nail and the proximal interlocking screw was 13.0 millirems, while the average amount during insertion of the distal interlocking nail was 12.0 millirems. Both of these averages are well within the government guidelines for allowable exposure to radiation during one-quarter (three months) of a year. Precautions that are to be observed during this procedure are recommended.
Center for Productivity Innovation's Student Project with Industry Program at the University of Tennessee, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering

A robust graduate engineering education experience requires students to learn the fundamental subject knowledge, to develop their ability to apply what they know to actual projects, and to contribute to the current body of knowledge by writing theses or dissertations. At the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Industrial and Systems Engineering students have an opportunity, in the Student Projects with Industry SPI program within the Center for Productivity Innovation, to develop their research ideas in conjunction with industry. The success of the SPI program is assessed by evaluating the impact of the SPI program on the preparation of the students, the academic welfare of the department, and the program's economic and social impact on the community. The SPI program provides students with simulated work experiences that enhance their leadership attributes, developing students' critical thinking capabilities, and improving their technical, organizational, and social skills. That these skills enhance students' success both in the university and in their careers is evident in measurable results, including higher student graduation rates, an increased number of publications, and a wider sponsor network for potential funding. The impact can further be measured by the millions of dollars affecting the local economy, in addition to the intangible social benefits gained.
The university and democracy: Interlocking learning and governing

This paper examines the relationship between learning and governing. It does so by positing that systems of social organization become reflective of theories of mind. It argues that, as systems of higher education are institutions most reflective of mind, the organization of higher education becomes a critical factor in determining and securing the strength of democratic systems of governance. The paper presents this theory in terms of philosophical argument, historical analyses, and present political practices. It sets out specific recommendations for designing systems of higher education that might reflect the comprehensive mental operations and thereby enhance democratic rule. And it builds upon such discoveries to suggest new forms of governance that might enfranchise rather than alienate diverse population groups.
Bilateral ureteral obstruction alters levels of the G-protein subunits Gαs and Gαq/11

To evaluate the effects of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) on the levels of G-protein subunits in glomeruli, we examined the types and amounts of G-protein subunits in glomerular membranes from sham-operated control (SOC) rats and rats with BUO of 24 hours duration utilizing bacterial toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation and specific antibodies. ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by cholera or pertussis toxin demonstrated the presence of Gs and Gi proteins in glomerular membranes. Immunoblots further revealed the existence of two types of G alpha s (45 and 52 kDa), as well as G alpha i2 (40 kDa), G alpha i3 (41 kDa), G alpha q/11 (42 kDa) and G beta (35 to 36 kDa) in glomerular membranes. The predominant subspecies of G alpha s was the 52 kDa protein. Detectable amounts of G alpha o were not found in glomerular membranes. Moreover, G-protein subunits were not detected in cytosolic extracts of glomeruli. Both forms of G alpha s and G alpha q/11 were significantly reduced in glomerular membranes from rats with BUO when compared to SOC rats. No significant difference in total G alpha i, G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 and G beta content was observed between the two groups of rats. In vivo pretreatment of rats with simultaneous administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat, and the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, OKY-046, maintained the amount of G alpha s and G alpha q/11 in rats with BUO at the levels seen in SOC rats. The two drugs did not affect the amounts of G-protein subunits in glomerular membranes of SOC rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use of mobile appointment scheduling devices

One hundred thirty-eight subjects participated in a study on mobile appointment scheduling. Subjects completed a questionnaire on their primary method of managing appointments when away from their desks. Immediately afterwards, subjects completed a session of scheduling four appointments with the interviewer. The most common scheduling systems, in order of popularity, were paper-based day planners, memory, scrap paper, and PDA's. However, 43% of the claimed PDA users and 68% of day planner users switched to another, more readily accessible method when scheduling an appointment. Interviews revealed a practice of using memory or scrap paper to "buffer" appointments for later entry into the PDA or planner.
IntenCD and mask phase uniformity

The allowable wafer Critical Dimension Uniformity (CDU) budget of the 2x node poses stringent requirements on mask induced errors at wafer level. The total CDU budget of 2 nm which is partially consumed by across wafer and field process and imaging variations, leaves little room for additional mask errors to still comply to the overall CDU budget. The trend of higher mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) for advanced technology nodes aggravates this situation further. Traditionally, the assessment of these variations is based on separate critical dimension and phase/transmission measurements. Metrology measurement tools are typically based on different techniques to independently measure each source of non-uniformity and produce the required uniformity maps. Each technique concentrates on a single physical property (e.g., line-width, phase, transmission, etc.) and requires special calibration for the required accuracy, precision and its transformation from mask to the wafer nanometer domain. An alternative to all these separate measurements is proposed by using the IntenCD TM application based on the aerial image of the mask. This alternative approach provides a map of mask-induced, printed CD variations across the photomask. In this paper, a study is presented to estimate mask-induced printed CDU at wafer level from the aerial image and results are compared to mask- and phase-CD measurements. The work shows that a single aerial IntenCD map can replace the two sets of data based on mask-CD and mask-phase measurements and allows for prediction of the mask contribution to overall printed CDU.
One-step seeded growth of Au nanoparticles with widely tunable sizes

A one-step seeded growth process has been developed for the synthesis of Au nanoparticles with tunable diameters from ∼10 nm to ∼200 nm. The delicately designed growth system suppresses self-nucleation by stabilizing a concentrated growth solution with strong coordinating ligands, leading to precise size control and convenient, scalable fabrication of Au nanoparticles.
Demands, desires, and well-being: An assessment of events, responses, and outcomes

This project investigated the impact of daily events, varying in source of causation, on reports of physical and mental well-being in a multiple-measurement design (5 days). Subjects responded daily to health and mood instruments and to instruments assessing event occurrence, responses to events, and outcomes of those responses. Events were either environment-initiated “demands” or self-initiated “desires.” Positive and negative components of well-being are found to be differentially impacted by types of events and by the different event properties. The procedure was sensitive to the particular “ecology of events” representative of this particular subject sample. The results suggest the validity of a multicomponent analysis of both events and well-being in a dynamic, multiple-measurement approach. Implications for future research employing this model are then briefly discussed.
DNA repair in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum group A fibroblasts following treatment with various methanesulfonates and the demonstration of a long-patch (u.v.-like) repair component.

Excision repair of DNA in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A fibroblasts were examined following treatment with methyl-, ethyl-, and isopropyl methanesulfonate. Studies utilizing repair synthesis methods and inhibition with arabinofuranosyl cytosine revealed two distinct phases of repair; one commencing and terminating within the first 3-5 h after the treatment, and a second much longer phase extending from 9-35 h post-treatment. Both phases of repair have a long-patch component, which establishes for the first time the existence of this mode of repair in response to alkane sulfonate damage. While xeroderma cells display somewhat fewer alkaline labile sites in their DNA following alkylation treatment than do their normal counterparts, researchers are unable to demonstrate a deficiency of these cells in either of the two phases of repair.
An unusual variant of Trichophyton tonsurans var. sulfureum

A fungus, recovered from a skin lesion of a patient, produced velvety to powdery, white to deep yellow colonies on Sabouraud glucose agar. Microscopically, it produced a large number of cylindric, smooth-walled, three- to eight-celled macroconidia but failed to produce microconidia on a variety of nutritional media such as rice grains, cornmeal dextrose, potato dextrose, Sabouraud glucose, oatmeal and lactrimel agars. It hydrolysed urea in 7 days, perforated hair in vitro and required thiamine for growth. This isolate represents an atypical variant of Trichophyton tonsurans var. sufureum subvar. perforans.
Perceived Instability of Virtual Haptic Texture. I. Experimental Studies

This paper presents a quantitative characterization of the instability that a human user often experiences while interacting with a virtual textured surface rendered with a force-reflecting haptic interface. First, we quantified the degree of stability/ instability during haptic texture rendering through psychophysical experiments. The stiffness of the virtual textured surface upon detection of instability was measured under a variety of experimental conditions using two texture rendering methods, two exploration modes, and various texture model parameters. We found that the range of stiffness values for stable texture rendering was quite limited. Second, we investigated the attributes of the proximal stimuli experienced by a human hand while exploring the virtual textured surface in an attempt to identify the sources of perceived instability. Position, force, and acceleration were measured and then analyzed in the frequency domain. The results were characterized by sensation levels in terms of spectral intensity in dB relative to the human detection threshold at the same frequency. We found that the spectral bands responsible for texture and instability perception were well separated in frequency such that they excited different mechanoreceptors and were, therefore, perceptually distinctive. Furthermore, we identified the high-frequency dynamics of the device to be a likely source of perceived instability. Our work has implications for displaying textured surfaces through a force feedback device in a virtual environment.
Speaking the Same Language: A Glossary for the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Field

Onsite/decentralized terminology originated and evolved on the state or regional level in conjunction with regulatory or Agricultural Engineering Extension activities. Adapting terminology from one locale to match that used in another is increasingly cumbersome since resources originally developed to address local issues and inform consumers are now shared nationally. Significant advances from proprietary and academic research and development have resulted in a wide range of treatment options and best management practices in use nation wide. Several national initiatives are also underway to standardize industry practices, but inconsistent terminology is a barrier to acceptance of nationally-developed training materials and guidance documents. Ever-increasing interaction among industry sectors across the country now dictates the use of consistent vocabulary.
Temporal expression of fumonisin B1-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon γ in mice

Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), a toxic metabolite of Fusarium verticillioides, is a carcinogen and causative agent of various animal diseases. Our previous studies indicated the involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in FB(1)-induced toxic responses. To further investigate the time-course of TNF alpha production and signaling, mice (four/group) were treated subcutaneously (s.c.) or per os (p.o.) with either vehicle or 25 mg/kg of FB(1) as a single dose and sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after treatment. The TNF alpha expression was increased in liver and kidney after both routes of FB(1) exposure without any alterations in spleen. The p.o.-route FB(1) treatment caused greater hepatotoxicity compared to the s.c. route, as depicted by increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase level in plasma, observed only after p.o. FB(1) treatment. The increase in enzymes at 8 h after p.o. treatment correlated with the highest TNF alpha expression, also noted at 8 h after p.o. treatment, thus further confirming the involvement of TNF alpha in FB(1) toxicity. The interferon (IFN)-gamma expression was increased in liver at 4 h after p.o. FB(1) treatment, suggesting a possible combined role of TNF alpha and IFN gamma in their induction and hepatotoxicity.
Structurama: bayesian inference of population structure.

Structurama is a program for inferring population structure. Specifically, the program calculates the posterior probability of assigning individuals to different populations. The program takes as input a file containing the allelic information at some number of loci sampled from a collection of individuals. After reading a data file into computer memory, Structurama uses a Gibbs algorithm to sample assignments of individuals to populations. The program implements four different models: The number of populations can be considered fixed or a random variable with a Dirichlet process prior; moreover, the genotypes of the individuals in the analysis can be considered to come from a single population (no admixture) or as coming from several different populations (admixture). The output is a file of partitions of individuals to populations that were sampled by the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The partitions are sampled in proportion to their posterior probabilities. The program implements a number of ways to summarize the sampled partitions, including calculation of the 'mean' partition—a partition of the individuals to populations that minimizes the squared distance to the sampled partitions.
Biological aging as a diffusion phenomenon

The general cross-linkage theory of biological aging is pointed out to consist of two distinct branches: mutation theory and diffusion theory. Only diffusion theory is considered though. The diffusion theory of aging is expressed as a sum of terms. One of those terms is expressed in differential equation form, and the complete mathematical solution to it obtained under certain limiting assumptions.
Luminal Subtypes Predict Improved Survival Following Central Nervous System Metastasis in Patients With Surgically Managed Metastatic Breast Carcinoma

Context.—Metastatic breast cancer to the central nervous system (CNS) is second only to lung cancer metastasis to the CNS in frequency. Patients with triple-negative primary breast cancer and those with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive primary breast cancer are at an increased risk for metastasis. Very little is known about predictive or prognostic variables once patients develop CNS metastases. Currently, therapeutic options are limited, with surgery generally offered primarily to those with solitary lesions. Context.—To determine the influence of molecular subtypes of metastatic breast cancer on survival from the time of CNS metastasis and to aid in the prognostic stratification of these patients. Design.—We identified 59 cases of metastatic breast cancer to the CNS and analyzed them for various demographic and clinicopathologic parameters. Tumors were categorized into molecular subtypes using immunohistochemical methods: luminal A [estrogen receptor (ER)+/Ki67low], luminal B (ER...
Influence of ethephon and daminozide on growth and essential oil content of peppermint and sage

Abstract Foliar application of Daminozide at 1000 ppm reduces the growth of Salvia officinalis (sage) and decreases essential oil yield, but increases both growth and essential oil yield of Mentha piperita at the same concentration. Ethephon at 250 ppm reduces the growth and essential oil yield of peppermint and slightly increases growth and essential oil content of sage. Both growth regulators markedly reduce the level of menthone and menthol in peppermint oil and increase the level of isomenthone and neoisomenthol. Both growth regulators decrease the level of camphor and increase the level of β-pinene in sage oil. Changes in essential oil composition induced by these growth regulators are most readily explained by alterations in the levels or activities of the relevant biosynthetic enzymes.
The Comparative Clearance Rates of the Pleural and Peritoneal Cavities

• We compared the rates of bacterial clearance from the pleural and peritoneal cavities of rats after contamination with 1 × 10 6 live Escherichia coli . Pleural clearance was enhanced beginning at 30 minutes after injection and extended to at least six hours. At 24 hours, the clearance was similar for both the pleural and peritoneal groups. Blood and organ bacterial cultures were similar between these two groups. White blood cell populations were similar at rest, but there was a greater increase in the leukocyte population in the pleural cavity six hours after E coli stimulation. We postulate that the increased clearance of E coli from the pleural cavity may be due to differences in lymphatic absorption, recruitment of leukocytes, or fibrin trapping of bacteria. ( Arch Surg 1988;123:157-161)
Brain disorders? Precisely

Mental disorders represent a public health challenge of staggering proportions. In the most recent Global Burden of Disease study, mental and substance abuse disorders constitute the leading source of years lost to disability from all medical causes ( 1 ). The World Health Organization estimates over 800,000 suicides each year globally, nearly all of which are a consequence of a mental disorder ( 2 ). These high morbidity and mortality figures speak to the potential for overall health gains if mental disorders can be more effectively diagnosed and treated. Could a “precision medicine” approach find traction here?
An automated system for counting silver grains in autoradiographs.

Abstract A system, incorporating a microscope, a television camera, and a small digital computer, has been developed for automated counting of silver grains in autoradiographs. The system has been designed specifically for analysis of experiments using the autoradiographic method of demonstrating axonal connections, although it should be adaptable to other uses. The system is capable of counting grains over stained sections up to a density of 300–500 grains/1000 sq. μm, depending on the grain size. Throughout most of this range, the accuracy of the counts is better than ± 10%. The counting algorithm is based upon the direct recognition of individual grains rather than on photometric measurements. This makes the counts relatively independent of grain size or shape, and permits accurate counts even though the grains occupy a layer of the emulsion thicker than the depth of focus of the objective. This is achieved by collating the counts obtained at different planes of focus on a grain-to-grain basis. Several automatic features, notably automatic focusing and stage movement, permit the counting of large areas of a section with minimal operator intervention. The system also includes features for the convenient identification of morphological landmarks in the section, and their correlation with the count data. There are several options available to the user which influence the accuracy and spatial resolutions of the output data and conversely the time required to count a large area. Because of these options the time required to count a 1 sq. mm area can vary from 2 to 8 h.
In vitro behavior of granule cells from Staggerer and Weaver mutants of mice.

Summary The survival, in monolayer culture, of cerebellar granule cells from the cerebellar mutants Staggerer and Weaver was studied to examine whether the observed in vivo granule cell degeneration is intrinsic or environmentally induced. Granule cells in vitro can be identified by means of a combination of criteria including their size, shape, nuclear morphology, relative proportion of the total cell population, and failure to take up γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the presence of several other cell types which do. Cultures from both Staggerer and Weaver cerebella had surviving granule cells for at least 3 weeks in vitro. Therefore, since the mice used as the source of the cells were 7 days of age, the degeneration observed in vivo cannot be a case of irreversibly programmed cell death determined before postnatal day 7. While the behavior of Weaver granule cells is essentially the same as littermate controls, cells from Staggerer cerebella both clump less and survive considerably longer than those from wild-type. The role of intrinsic granule cell differences vs. primary changes in some other cell type is discussed.
Developmental increases in activity and sensitivity to mercury of human and chicken skeletal muscle phosphoglyceromutase

Abstract Inhibition of human and chicken skeletal muscle 3-phosphoglyceromutase by mercury is compared at various stages of development. In contrast to the marked sensitivity to mercury of 3-phosphoglyceromutase from adult skeletal muscle, the enzyme from embryonic skeletal muscle is insensitive to mercury. The mutase activity and sensitivity to mercury increases greatly during embryological and postnatal development.
Temperature and modifier cation field strength effects on aluminoborosilicate glass network structure

Abstract The effect of temperature on the structure of barium aluminoborosilicate liquids has been studied by 11 B, 27 Al, and 17 O MAS NMR spectroscopies using glass samples prepared with different cooling rates and thus different fictive temperatures. Concentrations of BO 3 groups and of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) increase with increasing fictive temperature. The abundance of boron structural groups and NBO quantified by 11 B MAS NMR and 17 O MAS NMR confirms that the change of NBO corresponds to the boron coordination change through the structural reaction BO 4 ↔ BO 3 + NBO, which shifts to the right at higher temperature. The reaction enthalpy of this reaction is about 40 kJ mol − 1 . Configurational heat capacities have been estimated from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data; the redistribution of boron species (BO 4 /BO 3 ) contributes about 30% to these values. Results for barium aluminoborosilicates are compared with our previous study of sodium and calcium aluminoborosilicates with same stoichiometry [1] to understand how the modifier cation field strength affects the glass network structure. The modifier with higher field strength promotes the formation of BO 3 group and NBO, and the additional NBO helps to stabilize the modifier cation in the melt structure and lower the reaction enthalpy change of the speciation reaction.
Energy storage systems in energy and ancillary markets: A backwards induction approach

Abstract Battery storage technologies have developed to the point that some are mature enough to serve as a generation resource. However, whether a battery can generate profits by interacting solely in energy markets is unclear. Meanwhile, FERC order 784 requires electricity exchange markets in the U.S. to install the necessary technical equipment for batteries to supply ancillary services [12]. We suggest that current economic studies on the battery energy storage system (ESS) are limited because they do not explore possibilities to use battery storage in ancillary (reserve) markets. Applying battery ESS to ancillary service could be profitable enough to cover investment costs. In this study, we consider a battery storage operator’s best strategy each day, using backwards induction. We analyze the storage device as an exhaustible resource with a limited number of charging cycles and operating years. Based on this approach, we build a revenue model to maximized the net present value of the battery energy storage system revenues by applying the three-staged-method employed by Shcherbakova et al. [14]. We found that the battery in unable to cover its costs, and it does not use all the cycles available in its lifetime. This result, however, may be a function of the limits of our analytical approach.
An interpretation of carbon and sulfur relationships in Black Sea sediments as indicators of environments of deposition

Syngenetic iron sulfides in sediments are formed from dissolved sulfide resulting from sulfate reduction and catabolism of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria. It has been shown that in recent marine sediments deposited below oxygenated waters there is a constant relationship between reduced sulfur and organic carbon which is generally independent of the environment of deposition. Reexamination of data from recent sediments from euxinic marine environments (e.g., the Black Sea) also shows a linear relationship between carbon and sulfur, but the slope is variable and the line intercepts the S axis at a value between 1 and 2 percent S. It is proposed that the positive S intercept is due to watercolumn microbial reduction of sulfate using metabolizable small organic molecules and the sulfide formed is precipitated and accumulates at the sediment-water interface. The variation in slope and intercept of the C to S plots for several cores and for different stratigraphic zones for the Black Sea can be interpreted in relation to thickness of the aqueous sulfide layer or thinness of the oxygen containing layer and to deposition rate, but also may be influenced by availability of iron, and perhaps the type of organic matter (Leventhal, 1979).
Carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation in the skeletal carbonate of reef-building corals

Abstract Important to the geochemistry of carbonate sediments and carbonate rocks is a detailed understanding of the isotopic composition of the various sediment contributors. The coelenterates are of particular interest in this respect as the stable isotope ratios of their skeletons are controlled by both vital and inorganic environmental factors. To determine the relative importance of these factors, 475 specimens referred to 50 genera were selected to represent the coral population of Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. With a few exceptions, the samples were taken from two depth environments: (1) surface, defined as 0–4.6 m; and (2) 18 m. The observed range of δ13C is 13‰ (max. +2.6‰; min. −10.0‰ with respect to PDB standard CO2); that of δ18O is 4‰ (max. −1.2‰; min. −5.4‰). A model incorporating both biological and environmental factors has been developed to account for isotope ratio variations in coelenterate carbonate. A depth effect predicted by the model provides an opportunity to test its validity in that a number of critical relationships must be observed. The analytical data are consistent with the model. At a specific reef locality, the most important factors causing isotope ratio variations in the skeletal carbonate of corals are zooxanthellar activity and temperature.
Pragmatism(s) Plural, Part II: From Classical Pragmatism to Neo-Pragmatism

This article is the companion to "Pragmatism(s) Plural, Part I" which argued the virtue of classical pragmatism (of C.S. Peirce and John Dewey) as a methodological and philosophical adjunct to empirical inquiry in political economy. This article briefly examines the use of "pragmatism" to refer to philosophical positions having little to do with classical pragmatism and which are generally antithetical to it. Succeeding sections indicate how W.V. Quine, Richard Rorty, Karl Popper and others are associated with distortions, misreadings, and baseless criticisms of classical pragmatism — or more often of imagined or phantom versions of classical pragmatism. These other "pragmatisms" block more effective inquiry by substituting philosophical attacks and rationales for ongoing, evidential criteria.
On ultra-short wireless interconnects for NoCs and SoCs: Bridging the ‘THz Gap’

We review and analyze the critical features of ultra-short range wireless links. These features will be required for advancing NoC and SoC integration to the next level, as transistor scaling and hetero-integration on silicon substrates are expected to reach their full potential by the end of the decade. Based on published transceiver data, the scalable wireless NoCs for multi-core processors and reconfigurable networks for SoCs are within reach of Si/SiGe BiCMOS technology in the next few technology generations. However, before such THz-band CMOS wireless transceivers can become reality and work efficiently, compact high-gain on-chip antennas, high-density on-chip inductors with magnetic cores, and tunable-gain LNAs/PAs that can lower power consumption will be necessary.