cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deficient Nucleotide Excision Repair in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are associated with ultraviolet radiation and multiple genetic changes, but the mechanisms leading to genetic instability are unclear. SCC cell lines were compared to normal keratinocytes for sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, DNA repair kinetics and DNA repair protein expression. Relative to normal keratinocytes, four SCC cell lines were all variably sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and, except for the SCC25 cell line, were deficient in global repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, although not 6-4 photoproducts. Impaired DNA repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers was associated with reduced mRNA expression from XPC but not DDB2 genes which each encode key DNA damage recognition proteins. However, levels of XPC or DDB2 proteins or both were variably reduced in repair-deficient SCC cell lines. p53 levels did not correlate with DNA repair activity or with XPC and DDB2 levels, but p63 levels were deficient in cell lines with reduced global repair. Repair-proficient SCC25 cells depleted of p63 lost XPC expression, early global DNA repair activity and UV resistance. These results demonstrate that some SCC cell lines are deficient in global nucleotide excision repair and support a role for p63 as a regulator of nucleotide excision repair in SCCs.
Large dimensional analysis of cooperative multicell precoding with local individual csi

Channel state information (CSI) is critical for the performance of multicell cooperative transmission. This paper compares two cooperative multicell precoding methods, namely, centralized precoding with global CSI and distributed precoding with local individual CSI. For both cases, the BSs have access to the data of all the users. The only difference is that in centralized precoding, the precoding is based on the global CSI shared in a central control unit, while in distributed precoding, each BS performs precoding based on its local CSI. The comparison is made under the framework of large dimension analysis based on random matrix theory. The performance gap between these two approaches can be revealed and quantified theoretically in closed form. The gap converges to a constant value in the large number of antennas regime, which we refer to as the price of local CSI. We can obtain some insights into the impact of limited CSI on the cooperative multicell transmission performance. Numerical results are provided to confirm the theoretical results and to show performance of cooperative multicell transmission with local CSI almost decrease linearly with the increased ditributedness.
The Church Made Me Do It: Identity and Apology in Marin Foundation Video Confessionals

In recent years, the Marin Foundation has gained increasing attention as a Christian group attempting to reconcile with the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual (LGBT) community. As one means of...
Total Sulfur Dioxide Residuals in Fresh Mushrooms Washed in Sulfite Solutions 1.

Freshly-harvested, cultivated mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus ) were washed in 1000 ppm solutions of sodium sulfite and stored in ventilated, polyvinylchloride film-overwrapped packages at 5 and 15°C. Total sulfur dioxide of the mushrooms was measured by the modified Monier-Williams procedure numerous times during a 48-h storage period. Initial SO2 averaged 48.1 ppm and subsequently declined at a logarithmic rate. Total SO2 fell below detectable levels (<10 ppm) at about 11.8 and 15.6 h at 15 and 5°C, respectively.
Postoperative surgical site infections in patients undergoing spinal tumor surgery: incidence and risk factors.

Study design We conducted a retrospective, case control study on patients undergoing surgery for spinal tumors. OBJECTIVE.: Our aim was to determine the incidence and to identify risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing surgery for spinal tumors. Summary of background data SSIs after spinal tumor surgery may be particularly devastating as they may add to substantial surgical morbidity and may further exacerbate already existing neurologic deficits. Incidence and risk factors predisposing to SSIs in patients undergoing surgery for spinal tumors are not well studied yet. Methods Between January 1995 and February 2008, 971 procedures for spinal tumors were performed on 739 patients. Excluding sacral tumors from the current study, 895 procedures on 678 patients were reviewed to identify those cases with SSIs. Furthermore, 65 infected cases and a randomly selected subset of 162 controls were analyzed by logistic regression modeling to identify the risk factors associated with SSIs. Results There were 678 patients that were included in this study with 364 men (54%) and 314 women (46%), with an average age of 47.2 year. Sixty-five patients who developed SSIs underwent a total of 162 procedures including 78 procedures for wound debridement and washout. The incidence of SSIs was 8.89% for primary nonbony spinal tumors, 9.5% for metastatic spinal tumors, and 13.7% for primary bony spinal tumors. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism (n = 22 of 65, 33%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, previous spinal surgeries, complex plastic closures, increasing number of comorbidities, presence of a hospital acquired infection at the time of a previous surgery, and increasing duration of hospital stay during primary surgery were significantly associated with increased likelihood of developing postoperative SSIs. Conclusion Surgery for spine tumors appears to be associated with a higher incidence of SSI than nontumor spine surgery. Identification of perioperative risk factors will help delineate this subset of patients with high risk for developing SSIs thus potentially allowing perioperative modification for such factors, which may lead to an overall better clinical outcome and patient satisfaction.
Radiological diagnosis of drop metastases from paediatric brain tumours using combination of 2D and 3D MRI sequences

Aim To evaluate spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations using a combination of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) MRI sequences for diagnosis of drop metastases. Materials and methods Fifty-five paediatric patients with primary brain tumours were evaluated for drop metastases at initial presentation using spinal MRI including sagittal 2D T1-weighted (W) contrast-enhanced (+C), axial 3D T1W+C volumetric interpolated breath-hold (VIBE), and sagittal 3D T2W SPACE (Sampling Perfection with Application optimised Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions). Results The MRI false-negative rate was 4%, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) false-negative rate was 16% ( p= 0.07). The 3D T1W+C VIBE increased the number of drop metastases detected in 42% of patients. Drop metastases were more conspicuous in 25% of patients on 3D T2W SPACE. Conclusion Spinal MRI examinations including 2D and 3D sequences demonstrate characteristics that may improve radiological diagnosis of drop metastases.
The Code for Facial Identity in the Primate Brain

Primates recognize complex objects such as faces with remarkable speed and reliability. Here, we reveal the brain’s code for facial identity. Experiments in macaques demonstrate an extraordinarily simple transformation between faces and responses of cells in face patches. By formatting faces as points in a high-dimensional linear space, we discovered that each face cell’s firing rate is proportional to the projection of an incoming face stimulus onto a single axis in this space, allowing a face cell ensemble to encode the location of any face in the space. Using this code, we could precisely decode faces from neural population responses and predict neural firing rates to faces. Furthermore, this code disavows the long-standing assumption that face cells encode specific facial identities, confirmed by engineering faces with drastically different appearance that elicited identical responses in single face cells. Our work suggests that other objects could be encoded by analogous metric coordinate systems.
Wheelchair Dance Sport

As adaptive sports continue to grow and evolve, adaptive wheelchair athletes continue to improve on performance (Perret, Disabil Rehabil 39(2):164–172, 2017; Webborn and Emery, PM R 6(8 Suppl):S18–22, 2014). There is not a more essential time then now for the medical provider to be aware of the training, performance expectations, equipment, and injuries that wheelchair athletes encounter within their sport. It is especially important to understand biomechanics and injuries, since often those seen in wheelchair sport players are different than those in the equivalent able-bodied sport players (Fagher and Lexell, Scand J Med Sci Sports 24(5):e320–31, 2014). Within each wheelchair sport, the rules and regulations, athlete classification system, equipment, biomechanics, and common injuries will be reviewed. A general section on overall common injuries seen in wheelchair athletes is included, as well as injury epidemiology of the specific wheelchair sport compared to that of the able-bodied sport when available to demonstrate the differences and similarities between the two. This chapter aims to broaden the awareness of opportunities for people with different abilities and to create a convenient source to educate those whom support them, including the coaches, staff, and medical team.
Impact of false data injection attacks on PMU-based state estimation

Reliable operation of smart power grids depends on situational awareness made possible by real time system monitoring and accurate system condition estimation. Unfortunately, the tools used for real time system monitoring, which include supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and phasor measurement units (PMU), are vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to the necessity of network connectivity. In this paper, the primary focus is given to the kind of cyber-attack in which a malicious entity injects false data into the power system which replaces or augments measurement data. We aim to study the impact of these false data injection attacks on PMU devices to determine and estimate the risks they represent. Two different scenarios are investigated, with and without redundancy of PMU measurements. Potential operator actions after a combined cyber-physical attack on the grid are also studied.
Biodesign for Digital Health

The biodesign innovation process developed by Stanford Biodesign emphasizes the importance of starting with a well-characterized, compelling clinical need before focusing on the development of any solution. While the initial solutions that emerged from the Stanford Biodesign Innovation Fellowship were traditional medical devices, in the past three to 5 years there has been an increase in solutions related to digital health. This shift from addressing medical needs entirely with traditional medical devices to a mixture of devices and digital solutions reflects the changing healthcare landscape within which care is migrating from the hospital to alternate, more affordable environments. It also shows the timelessness and broad applicability of the biodesign innovation process, which is technology agnostic. By requiring innovators to start with a well-defined clinical need rather than any preconceived invention ideas, the process allows for many different types of solutions to emerge as new care paradigms become possible through the application of emerging technologies. This chapter focuses primarily on the first two stages—Identify and Invent.
The development and test of a framework examining the associations between gambling behavior, strain-based gambling interference with work and nonwork, cognitive disengagement, and role performance

ABSTRACTDespite considerable advances, existing work–family conflict research tends to ignore the possibility that some behaviors may transcend work and nonwork, potentially causing interference in...
Experimental Studies of High- L Rydberg States in Helium

The past two decades have seen great progress in experimental studies of excited-state fine structure in the helium atom. During this same period, much progress has also been made in the theory of these excited states, with several independent new and productive approaches to such calculations emerging. The possibility of observing long-range Casimir forces through their effect on these helium fine structures, first suggested in 1978 by Kelsey and Spruch,(1) has played a crucial role in these developments. Stimulated by experimental advances in the 1970s, this suggestion in turn stimulated further experimental advances and motivated vastly improved theoretical treatments of the helium Rydberg system. It also marked a turning point in the history of studies of long-range Casimir forces.
Use of clamps in hepatobiliary surgery

Few surgeons with current, active liver surgery practices who had their residency 15 or more years ago really learned liver surgery during their residency. Primarily self-taught, they developed their own surgical approaches to liver surgery as the volume of liver surgery has increased through the years. Occasionally, liver surgeons have also been active in liver transplant programs, and have adapted some of the perspectives of liver transplantation and the unique surgical approaches and exposures noted in liver transplantation to resectional surgery. Therefore, the approaches to liver surgery can vary between surgeons, and the use of equipment, such as clamps and retractors, also varies according to the surgeon’s individual preferences and evolution of his or her surgical techniques.
Waterborne Diseases of the Ocean, Enteric Viruses

Human enteric viruses pose a significant health threat in the aquatic environment since they are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Human activities such as faulty septic systems, agricultural runoff, urban runoff, sewage outfall, and wastewater discharge from vessels are ways enteric viruses are introduced into the environment. There are approximately 140 enteric viruses found in humans, and approximately one billion per gram of feces where at least 10% of the population can shed these viruses at any given time [1]. Enteric viruses can be transferred throughout the environment by attaching to particulates in groundwater, estuarine water, seawater and rivers, estuaries, shellfish grown in contaminated waters, and by aerosols emitted from sewage treatment plants [2]. The fate of these enteric viruses can take many routes, such as rivers, lakes, sewage, land runoff, estuaries, and groundwater. Humans can be exposed to enteric viruses through various routes: crops grown in land irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with sewage, shellfish grown in contaminated water, sewage-polluted recreational waters, and contaminated drinking water. In a waterborne disease outbreak study between 1946 and 1980, water system deficiencies that contributed to these outbreaks were categorized under five major headings: (1) use of contaminated untreated surface water, (2) use of contaminated untreated groundwater, (3) inadequate or interrupted treatment, (4) distribution network problems, and (5) miscellaneous [3]. Deficiencies in treatment and distribution of water contributed to more than 80% of the outbreaks.
Physicians as Border Guards - The Troubling Exam for Immigrants.

Physicians as Border Guards Rules proposed by the Trump administration depend on physicians performing “exams” to spot immigrants who are sick enough to become reliant on the government for living ...
Adverse Effects of Cannabis Use on Neurocognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review of Meta- Analytic Studies.

AbstractObjective: As the perceived risk of cannabis use continues to decline among youths and access continues to increase, it has become more important to synthesize the rapidly growing literatur...
Special situations: Performance of endoscopy while pregnant

Abstract The rates of women entering the field of gastroenterology have been increasing over the past several years. Most of these women enter the field during childbearing years. At the same time, the procedural demands placed on endoscopists have been increasing as well. With these changes in demographics to the physicians performing endoscopy, more attention should be paid to the physical demands of scoping while pregnant. In this paper, we focus on several common, overlapping injuries that are frequently encountered during pregnancy and while performing endoscopy. Additionally, ergonomic modifications and strategies are outlined for both the pregnant and postpartum endoscopist. Given the lack of data in this area, dedicated studies aimed at this specific population would help guide further recommendations.
A Century of Wealth in America: by Edward N. Wolff, Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2017, 865 pp., $39.95 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-674-49514-2

Edward N. Wolff’s goal in this extraordinary book is to explain the rise and fall of the middle class in the United States since World War II. To achieve his goal, Wolff uses a three-class model of...
Prescribing practices for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with prosthetic joints

Aims With the increasing number of patients with prosthetic joints, recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) prior to dental procedures to prevent prosthetic joint infections (PJI) have changed. Methods and results This survey evaluated dentists' AP practices for patients with prosthetic joints undergoing dental procedures and their familiarity with the American Dental Association Guidelines (ADA CPG) and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Appropriate Use Criteria (AAOS AUC). Dentists' attitudes about antibiotic resistance, medical-legal aspects, and adverse effects to using AP were examined. Dentists (n = 574) were familiar (51.2%) with ADA CPG and with the AAOS AUC (25.8%). Familiarity varied according to years since graduation. Female dentists (63.5%) were more likely to be very familiar with the ADA CPG than male dentists (49.5%). Overall, 65.4% of respondents believed that AP is not effective in the prevention of PJI, and 19.4% believed there is enough evidence to support AP. For a healthy patient, 28.9% of dentists would never recommend AP, 44.9% would recommend AP within the first two years since prosthetic joint replacement. Conclusions Dentists' recommendations for the use of AP varied depending on different factors, including health status of the patient, dental procedure, time elapsed since joint surgery, suggesting that adherence to the ADA CPG and AUC is still challenging.
Integrated Point-of-Care Device for Anemia Detection and Hemoglobin Variant Identification

Anemia affects more than 2 billion people worldwide, which is about 25% of the world’s population. Anemia has numerous causes ranging from nutritional deficiencies, drugs, chronic conditions that indirectly cause anemia as well as primary hematologic diseases. Among the various causes of anemia world-wide, hemoglobinopathies, including Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Thalassemia, are the 3rd most prevalent after iron-deficiency anemia and hookworm disease. Anemia and SCD diagnosis/monitoring are challenging in low and middle income countries due to lack of laboratory infrastructure and skilled personnel as well as insufficient financial resources. We extended our previously established HemeChip system to add total hemoglobin quantification and anemia testing capability. HemeChip+ is mass-producible at low cost and offers the first and only single test point-of-care (POC) platform for portable, affordable, and accurate, hemoglobin quantification, anemia detection, and hemoglobin variant identification.
Intra-Party Democracy and Party Unity: Varied Rules, Varied Consequences

Do parties’ internal dynamics change when they adopt party-wide ballots for important policy and personnel decisions? Parties in parliamentary democracies are increasingly using such procedures, bu...
The Independent Scholar as Change Agent: The Case of Foreign Language Advocacy

There is a foreign language deficit in the United States, and the independent scholar, with both motivation and expertise, can play a significant role as a foreign language advocate, able to bridge the gap between communities and academia, and to operate with relatively more freedom that many language stakeholders, embedded in educational institutions and business environments. The skills set, or core competencies, of the independent scholar-advocate, the importance of online communities and advocacy, and agility in effective advocacy are examined. The case of foreign language advocacy could be generalized to include many other areas where the independent scholar can play a significant role as change agent for the greater good in our society and in our world
Racial differences in gait mechanics

Abstract The effect of race has rarely been investigated in biomechanics studies despite racial health disparities in the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and disease, hindering both treatment and assessment of rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that racial differences in gait mechanics exist between African Americans (AA) and white Americans (WA). Ninety-two participants (18–30 years old) were recruited with equal numbers in each racial group and sex. Self-selected walking speed was measured for each participant. 3D motion capture and force plate data were recorded during 7 walking trials at regular and fast set speeds. Step length, step width, peak vertical ground reaction force, peak hip extension, peak knee flexion, and peak ankle plantarflexion were computed for all trials at both set speeds. Multivariate and post-hoc univariate ANOVA models were fit to determine main and interaction effects of sex and race (SPSS V26, α = 0.05). Self-selected walking speed was slower in AA (p = 0.004, ƞp2 = 0.088). No significant interactions between race and sex were identified. Males took longer steps (regular: p
Genetic diversity is enhanced in Wild × Cultivated hybrids of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) despite multiple selection cycles for cultivated traits

Genetic diversity is enhanced by introgressing wild germplasm into breeding lines and populations. Such introgression, however, commonly introduces wild traits that must be removed by backcrossing and selection before lines are useful for elite breeding programs. Selection against wild characteristics is expected to reduce genetic diversity in introgressed lines. However, the effect of such selection on genetic diversity has not been evaluated for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, genetic diversity was determined for 24 germplasm releases derived from cultivated sugarbeet × wild sea beet [B. vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang.] crosses after multiple selection cycles for cultivated traits and compared to the diversity of their wild parents and cultivated sugarbeet lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. Diversity in germplasm derived from wild × cultivated hybrids was intermediate of wild and cultivated lines in observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, and the number of alleles, private alleles, and low frequency alleles. Principal component and neighbor joining analyses demonstrated that wild × cultivated-derived germplasm shared greater similarity with cultivated germplasm than to their wild parents, while STRUCTURE analysis indicated that wild × cultivated-derived germplasm was an admixture of wild and cultivated-derived germplasm. Diversity, therefore, was enhanced in germplasm derived from wild × cultivated hybrids, although selection for cultivated traits reduced the diversity added by introgression with wild accessions. Nevertheless, the enhanced genetic diversity in germplasm releases derived from wild × cultivated hybrids identify these lines as a resource for unique genes and alleles to improve crop productivity, adaptation, and disease tolerance in sugarbeet.
Transitioning out of the role of trusted adult in applied theatre with youth: or how I found myself in need of a time machine

What little scholarship exists on the subject of applied theatre exit strategies focuses on artistic or socio-political matters, leaving the interpersonal largely overlooked. Yet interpersonal rela...
Enhanced power plant air-cooled condensers using auto-fluttering reeds

Abstract Air-cooled condensers offer a pathway to decreasing the water consumption associated with electricity production, but dry-cooled plants suffer from lower efficiencies than those of conventional systems. One approach to increasing the performance of air-cooled condensers is to employ heat transfer enhancement techniques. Many enhancement devices have been proposed, but they have not been evaluated in air-cooled condensers at relevant scales. One promising low-cost air-side enhancement approach is the use of auto-fluttering reeds, which increase the vorticity of the flow and result in higher heat transfer coefficients. This work investigates the use of auto-fluttering reeds in a dry-cooled Rankine cycle power plant experimentally and numerically. The experimental results quantify the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of the enhanced condensers, which are then incorporated into a detailed model to assess performance at the system level. The air-cooled condenser geometry is also optimized to determine the maximum efficiency with and without the reeds. The results show that auto-fluttering reeds could improve the system performance in retrofit applications and may have some economic benefits in new dry-cooled power plants.
Family Matters: Cross-Cultural Differences in Familism and Caregiving Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES The increasing number of minority older adults, and the subsequent increase in family members providing care to these individuals, highlights the need to understand how cultural values contribute to differential caregiving outcomes. Using the sociocultural stress and coping model as a guiding framework, the current study examined cross-cultural relationships among familism, social support, self-efficacy, and caregiving outcomes, and examines how these relationships vary as a function of caregiver background characteristics. METHOD Baseline data were collected from 243 participants in the Caring for the Caregiver Network randomized controlled intervention trial. Participants completed measures assessing familism, social support, self-efficacy, positive aspects of caregiving, depression, and burden. RESULTS African American and Hispanic participants exhibited higher levels of familism compared to Whites. Compared to White participants, African Americans' endorsement of familism predicted more positive caregiving appraisals. African Americans also reported greater levels of social support, which in turn, predicted lower burden and depressive symptoms as compared to Whites. Exploratory analyses demonstrated significant associations between familism and self-efficacy. In the Hispanic subgroup, familism varied as a function of acculturation. DISCUSSION Results indicate that greater levels of familism and social support may exert a protective influence against adverse psychosocial caregiving outcomes. These findings can be used to inform intervention efforts targeting culturally congruent, family-centered approaches.
Comparative Genomics of Stress Response Systems in Deinococcus Bacteria

This chapter describes the approaches and results of comparative genomic analysis of Deinococcaceae with an emphasis on stress response systems and their impact on contemporary models of extreme ionizing radiation (IR) resistance. Clusters of orthologous genes (COGs) are the most useful framework for comparative genomics. Researchers assigned the proteins of D. deserti to tdCOGs, which has reinforced the view of the proliferation of Deinococcaceae genes involved in stress response pathways. Gene expression in D. radiodurans recovering from high-dose irradiation has been investigated using whole genome microarrays, which identified hundreds of D. radiodurans genes that were upregulated during recovery. The radiation/desiccation response (RDR) regulon is dominated by DNA repair genes, including the recombinational repair proteins RecA and RecQ, the mismatch repair proteins MutS and MutL, and the UvrB and UvrC proteins, which are involved in nucleotide excision repair. The prospect of comparative genomics helping researchers resolve the seemingly paradoxical mechanism of extreme IR resistance in Deinococcaceae is good. Based on historical and contemporary research, it now seems evident that the extreme IR resistance phenotype of Deinococcaceae stems from a subtle regulatory interplay between diverse but widespread systems including Mn homeostasis, metabolite regulation, respiratory control, macromolecular degradation, and other oxidative stress response pathways.
Electrical Conditions Near the Bases of Thunderclouds in the Southwestern United States

Measurements of the electrical conditions near the bases of thunderclouds have been made at Langmuir Laboratory, a mountain top observatory, with instruments carried aloft by captive balloons and with others at the earth’s surface. The electrical properties measured include the local electric field vector, the conductivity of the air charge on individual precipitation particles, and the current density carried by falling precipitation.
Analysis of Activated Air Following High Yield Shots in the NIF

During the ignition experimental campaign, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is expected to perform shots with varying fusion yield (up to 20 MJ or 7.1 x 1018 neutrons per shot) and a maximum an...
Somatostatin Stimulates Sodium and Chloride Absorption in the Rabbit Ileum

The effect of somatostatin on ion transport in the rabbit ileum was determined. Somatostatin (a) decreased the short circuit current (Isc) (—1.0 ± 0.2 µeq/ hr ∙ cm2) and potential difference (PD), (b) increased net Na and CI absorption (+1.5 ± 0.3 and +2.4 ± 0.4 µeq/hr ∙ cm2, respectively), and (c) increased tissue conductance (+5.1 ± 1.3 mmhos/cm2). The increase in net Na and CI absorption was primarily due to an increase in mucosal-to-serosal movement of these ions. Somatostatin had no effect on 3-0-methyl-glucose absorption, nor the increase in Isc produced by either 3-0-methyl-glucose or glucose. Phentolamine did not reverse the decrease in Isc produced by somatostatin and catecholamine depletion with reserpine or 6-OH-dopamine did not inhibit the somatostatin-induced decrease in Isc. The cholinergic agonists, carbachol and bethanechol, had no effect on somatostatin-induced decrease in Isc and atropine neither affected Isc nor blocked the effect of somatostatin on Isc. These studies demonstrate that somatostatin increased both Na and CI absorption across rabbit ileal mucosa and suggest that these effects do not involve adrenergic or cholinergic agonists. Somatostatin may have a direct effect on the enterocyte.
The effects of recent uplift and volcanism on deposition in Mono Lake, California, from seismic‐reflection (CHIRP) profiles

About 150 km of high-resolution, seismic reflection (Compressed High-Intensity Radar Pulse) profiles (approximately 20 m penetration) were collected in Mono Lake in order to define the uppermost sedimentary architecture of the basin, which has been heavily impacted by recent volcanic, tectonic, and climatic processes. The study also provides an important background for ongoing efforts to obtain paleoenvironmental records from sediment cores in the lake. The history of four seismic-stratigraphic units in the upper 20 m of section are inferred from the data, and the interpretations are generally consistent with previous interpretations of lake history for the past 2000 years, including a major lowstand at 1941 m. No shorelines below the previously documented major lowstand at 1941 m were found. A relatively steep slope segment, whose toe is at about 1918 m, and which occurs on the southern and western margins of the deep basin of the lake, is interpreted as the relict foreset slope of deposition from prograding western tributaries. This topography is unconformably overlain by a unit of interbedded tephra and lake sediments of variable lithology, which contains tephra of the North Mono (600–625 cal yr BP) eruption in its upper part. The tephra-rich unit is overlain by a mostly massive mudflow deposit that is locally more than 18 m thick and that is distributed in a radial pattern around Paoha Island. The evidence suggests that within the past few hundred years, rapid uplift of Paoha Island through thick, preexisting lake deposits led to widespread slope failures, which created a terrain of disrupted, intact blocks near the island, and a thick, fluid mudflow beyond. As is common in mudflows, the mudflow moved up the depositional slope of the lake floor, terminating against the preexisting slopes, likely in multiple surges. Since about 1700 Common Era, fine-grained, well-laminated sediments have accumulated in the deep parts of the lake at anomalously rapid rates, probably driven by continued rapid, small-scale shedding of sediment from Paoha Island.
Internal and external logistics information technologies

Purpose – This research seeks to investigate logistics information technology (LIT) from an international perspective. The initial focus determines the viability of categorizing LIT into two constructs – internal and external LIT. The second focus examines the relationships between internal and external LIT and customer‐related performance capabilities. The objective is to provide a mechanism for managers to use when they need to provide justification for LIT expenditures.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature, along with survey data provided by international supply chain executives, was used to develop a research concept regarding LIT and its impact on customer‐related performance capabilities.Findings – The results revealed that it is logical to separate LIT into two dimensions and that those individual dimensions do have an impact on specified performance capabilities. Therefore, managers wishing to target specific performance capabilities with LIT may do so even within an internation...
The Pup-Proteasome System of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Proteasomes are ATP-dependent protein degradation machines present in all archaea and eukaryotes, and found in several bacterial species of the order Actinomycetales. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), an Actinomycete pathogenic to humans, requires proteasome function to cause disease. In this chapter, we describe what is currently understood about the biochemistry of the Mtb proteasome and its role in virulence. The characterization of the Mtb proteasome has led to the discovery that proteins can be targeted for degradation by a small protein modifier in bacteria as they are in eukaryotes. Furthermore, the understanding of proteasome function in Mtb has helped reveal new insight into how the host battles infections.
Change of Obstruction Site by Modified Jaw Thrust Maneuver in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

Background and ObjectiveaaWe evaluated possibility of modified jaw thrust maneuver with drug induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), as an indicator of mandibular advancement treatment such as mandibular advance device, geniohyoid advancement and other treatment modalities. MethodsaaSixty seven Korean male, obstructive sleep apnea patient, confirmed by full night polysomnography were enrolled. We per formed DISE and analyzed obstruction sites before and after modified jaw thrust maneuver. Degree of improvement in obstruction more than one grade of obstruction, was defined as “responder by modified jaw thrust maneuver”. Non-responder was defined as the airway does not open by the modified jaw thrust maneuver. Association was analyzed among the patient’s characteristics [body mass in dex (BMI), Friedman stage, and respiratory disturbance index (RDI)] and the results. ResultsaaIn retropalatal level obstruction, responder by modified jaw thrust maneuver was most commonly observed at antero-poste rior (AP) obstruction (70.31%) while it was least observed at combined obstruction (66.67%). In retroglossal level obstruction, responder by modified jaw thrust maneuver was most commonly observed at AP obstruction (77.50%), while lateral obstruction was least ob served (68.75%). Between group comparisons including, group of responder and group of non-responder of combined obstruction of retropalatal level and lateral obstruction of retroglossal level, revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in BMI, Friedman stage, and RDI (p < 0.05). ConclusionsaaAirway obstruction did not extend to the same pattern by modified jaw thrust maneuver. Modified jaw thrust maneu ver under DISE is a useful diagnostic tool and predictor of therapeutic effects of mandibular advancement treatment. Sleep Med Res 2014;5(2):49-53
The Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce

Abstract The focus of this paper examines one family, which converted to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormons, almost 140 years ago. These family members are distributed across nine generations. Direct descendants are the children and children's children and number 12,387. Total family includes all of the children and those who married into the family as well. The total for all family members is 17,346. Information obtained from the collection process is essentially a complete record of all the posterity at the time of collection. This study examines the intergenerational transmission of divorce among this family across nine generations. Results indicate that children from divorced homes are significantly more likely to get divorced than children from non-divorced homes. Explanations for this finding are discussed.
Biochemical adaptation to ocean acidification

ABSTRACT The change in oceanic carbonate chemistry due to increased atmospheric P CO 2 has caused pH to decline in marine surface waters, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification (OA). The effects of OA on organisms have been shown to be widespread among diverse taxa from a wide range of habitats. The majority of studies of organismal response to OA are in short-term exposures to future levels of P CO 2 . From such studies, much information has been gathered on plastic responses organisms may make in the future that are beneficial or harmful to fitness. Relatively few studies have examined whether organisms can adapt to negative-fitness consequences of plastic responses to OA. We outline major approaches that have been used to study the adaptive potential for organisms to OA, which include comparative studies and experimental evolution. Organisms that inhabit a range of pH environments (e.g. pH gradients at volcanic CO 2 seeps or in upwelling zones) have great potential for studies that identify adaptive shifts that have occurred through evolution. Comparative studies have advanced our understanding of adaptation to OA by linking whole-organism responses with cellular mechanisms. Such optimization of function provides a link between genetic variation and adaptive evolution in tuning optimal function of rate-limiting cellular processes in different pH conditions. For example, in experimental evolution studies of organisms with short generation times (e.g. phytoplankton), hundreds of generations of growth under future conditions has resulted in fixed differences in gene expression related to acid–base regulation. However, biochemical mechanisms for adaptive responses to OA have yet to be fully characterized, and are likely to be more complex than simply changes in gene expression or protein modification. Finally, we present a hypothesis regarding an unexplored area for biochemical adaptation to ocean acidification. In this hypothesis, proteins and membranes exposed to the external environment, such as epithelial tissues, may be susceptible to changes in external pH. Such biochemical systems could be adapted to a reduced pH environment by adjustment of weak bonds in an analogous fashion to biochemical adaptation to temperature. Whether such biochemical adaptation to OA exists remains to be discovered.
Flow in Severe Thunderstorms Observed bu Dual-Doppler Radar

Abstract Dual-Doppler (S-band) radar observations are used to describe both the three-dimensional flow and a fife cycle of a severe thunderstorm on 6 June 1974. The primary updraft region was near a small mesocyclonic circulation located on the storm's right (southern) flank. Rotation was first noted aloft (between 3 and 5 km elevation) and lowered with time. During the mature stage, major downdrafts were found on the storm's western edge and within the left forward (northeastern) quadrant. Outflow from both downdrafts combined near the cloud base to form a vigorous gust front. Hook echo formation is attributed to horizontal acceleration of low-level droplet-laden air as the downdrafts intensified and the outflow interacted with the inward-spiraling updraft.
Properties and Phenomena: Basic Plasma Physics and Fusion Research in Postwar America

I review the changing conceptions of basic physics that the U.S. plasma-physics community put forward in postwar America. I give special attention to the tense relationship between fusion research and the more general study of plasmas in astrophysics, space science, and industry.Although fusion research often led to results that were regarded as basic plasma physics, its dominating influence tended to weaken other plasma work, as becomes evident when I compare the public statements and professional fortunes of plasma scientists during the 1960s, when fusion research experienced a downturn, with those of the 1970s, when fusion research flourished. I also show that the plasmaphysics community’s conceptions of basic physics were not highly regarded or easily understood by science administrators and the general physics community. To make this point, I contrast two general ideas of basic physics: the Big Questions conception and the Properties and Phenomena conception.
Self‐Retaining Braces For Canine Arthroscopy

Objective— To describe self-retaining braces for canine shoulder, elbow, hip, and stifle arthroscopy. Study Design— Clinical design and application. Sample Population— Clinical patients admitted for elective arthroscopy. Methods— Self-retaining braces were designed and constructed from commercially available products, steel tubing, and upholstery. The design efficacy was determined by clinical use. Results— A shoulder/hip retraction device was constructed from a heavy-duty Mayo stand and a steel T frame. An elbow brace and a stifle brace were constructed from a commercially available positioning arm and steel tubing. These devices were used successfully in clinical canine arthroscopy and provided consistent stability for arthroscopic surgery without the need of a surgical assistant. Conclusions— Arthroscopic self-retaining braces can be constructed from commercially available products and other simple materials to provide reliable patient positioning without the need for a surgical assistant. Clinical relevance— Self-retaining braces may provide improved patient stabilization and eliminate the need for a surgical assistant in most cases of canine arthroscopy.
Monitoring agricultural lands in Egypt with multitemporal Landsat TM imagery: How many images are needed?

Abstract Multitemporal imagery is needed to -monitor agricultural landscapes characterized by high temporal variability. With the use of a database of 10 Landsat Thematic Mapper images dating frcrrn 1984 to 1993, the effects of the number and tuning o f images on area estimates of productive and nonproductive lands are evaluated for agricultural lands in Egypt. Average overestimation of nonproductive lands in. the Nile Delta ranges from 5% with data sets of nine images to more than 300% with data sets c f two images. Average underestimation of reclaimed lands in the Western Desert ranges frown 4% with six image data sets to 42% vith one-image data sets. Generally, data sets including more high-growth-.season imagery retilt in higher accuracie.s, although in. sonic eases a mixture of high- and low-growth-season imagery is more accurate. A single peak-growth image dominates results in both regions; data sets including this image are consistently more accurate than. those without it. The results indicate the critical significance of using extensive multiternporal data sets to rrunritor agricultural landscapes.
Unrestricted Composition and Restricted Quantification

Many of those who accept the universalist thesis that mereological composition is unrestricted also maintain that the folk typically restrict their quantifiers in such a way as to exclude strange fusions when they say things that appear to conflict with universalism. Despite its prima facie implausibility, there are powerful arguments for universalism. By contrast, there is remarkably little evidence for the thesis that strange fusions are excluded from the ordinary domain of quantification. Furthermore, this reconciliatory strategy seems hopeless when applied to the more fundamental conflict between universalism and the intuitions that tell against it.
Fabricating a provisional restoration for a 2-stage, single-tooth implant with less than optimal angulation

A technique is presented for fabricating a provisional restoration for a buccally angulated implant. This technique describes the fabrication of a provisional restoration for a labially angulated implant. This technique helps the prosthodontists to achieve esthetics and soft-tissue health until the definitive restoration is available.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do: HCII 2005 recap

What a vibrant, slightly chaotic venue, but interesting. The 2005 Human-Computer Interaction International (HCII) conference took place in Las Vegas at Caesar’s Palace during a heat wave. Fortunately, many attendees did not even have to venture outside with the thousands of slot machines, the indoor shopping mall, Elton John, and Celine Dion to keep them entertained outside of conference sessions (Fig. 23.1 ).
Deep Level Formation in Undoped and Oxygen-Doped GaN

Deep level defects in oxygen doped GaN grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy were investigated. Using steady-state photocapacitance (SSPC) spectroscopy, three deep levels with optical ionization energies of 1.0, 1.4, and 3.25 eV were observed in both nominally undoped and oxygen-doped samples. The total deep level defect concentrations ranged from 6 × 1015 cm−3 in undoped films to 3 × 1016 cm−3 in oxygen-doped films. The concentration of the 3.25 eV level defect increased upon oxygen doping, while the concentrationof the 1.0 and 1.4 eV levels were essentially dopant independent. From the measured concentrations the formation energies of the defects were calculated and compared to energies calculated using density functional theory.