cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formulas for Calculating Temperature Distribution in Transformer Cores and Other Electric Apparatus of Rectangular Cross Section

THIS paper comprises solution of a very general problem in the mathematical theory of heat; application of it to effect formulas for the temperature distribution T, the maximum temperature T m , and the average temperature T a in transformer cores; and indication of its use with reference to other electric apparatus of rectangular cross section and of such general shape that the temperature distribution is essentially two dimensional. As theory indicates and experiment confirms that this condition is often fulfilled in practice, these formulas ought to be of considerable interest to designers of such equipment. For, commonly, the maximum electric loading of an electric device is determined by the permissible maximum or hot-spot temperature in it. Hence knowledge of this maximum temperature and of the temperature distribution in general is desired by the designer faced with making up new designs, improving operating performance of existing designs, or deciding upon maximum, yet safe, overload limits for apparatus already in service.
RAMPING UP AFRICAN GROWTH: LESSONS FROM FIVE DECADES OF GROWTH EXPERIENCE

Since the 1960s economic growth rates have been far lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other developing regions. This poor performance has resulted primarily from endemic rent-seeking and the over-regulation of markets. To achieve high growth rates, African countries must improve the investment climate by reforming institutions, enhancing infrastructure and protecting property rights.
A pressure-volume-temperature equation of state for Sn(β) by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction in a heated diamond-anvil cell

Abstract A total of 36 molar volume determinations measured by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction in a heated diamond-anvil pressure cell form the basis for a P-V-T equation of state for Sn(β). Isothermal Murnaghan regressions for the 25, 100, 160, and 225°C subsets of these data yield −1.38 (±0.13) × 10−2GPa degree−1 for ( ∂K ∂T )00. The slopes of the Sn(β) isochores increase from approx. 235° GPa−1 at room pressure and temperature to 260° GPa−1 at the Sn triple point to 370° GPa−1 at the room temperature Sn(β)-Sn(bct) transition at 9.4 GPa, indicating that the product αPKT decreases with decreasing volume by more than 35% of its initial value. The a crystallographic direction is significantly less compressible and slightly less expandable than c; the extent of this anisotropic behavior decreases at simultaneously elevated pressure and temperature. A five-parameter temperature-corrected Murnaghan equation fits the entire data set well within the experimental error. This explicit V(T, P) equation is used to integrate literature heat capacity data to elevated pressure, yielding entropies and Gibbs energies for all pressures and temperatures within the Sn(β) stability field.
Confidence-driven early object elimination in quality-aware sensor workflows

Distributed media rich systems, which can provide ubiquitous services to human users, require perceptive capabilities, transparently embedded in the surroundings, to continuously sense users' needs, status, and the context, filter and fuse a multitude of real-time media data, and react by adapting the environment to the user. Designing such real-time adaptivity into an open reactive system is challenging as run-time situations are partially known or unknown in the design phase and multiple, potentially conflicting, criteria have to be taken into account during the runtime. The ARIA media workflow architecture [14, 18, 19, 20], which is composed of adaptive media sensing, processing, and actuating units, processes, filters, and fuses sensory inputs and actuates responses in real-time. Unlike traditional workflows, a media processing workflow needs to capture inherent redundancy and imprecision in media, in terms of alternative ways of achieving a given goal. The object streams are only statistically accurate due to the inherent uncertainty of feature extractors. In this paper, we present a quality-aware early object elimination scheme to enable informed resource savings in continuous real-time media processing workflows.
Lattice theory of third order elastic constants of germanium and silicon

The lattice theory of third order elastic constants is applied to germanium and silicon. For general interactions up to second neighbors, the second and third order coupling parameters are worked out for the germanium lattice. There are 26 independent parameters which reduce to 3 when only nearest neighbor interaction is considered. In the latter case 3 simple identities are obtained among the second and third order elastic constants. These identities are not satisfied by the experimental values indicating that forces of longer range are important for third order elastic constants in these crystals. Cochran's nearest neighbor shell model does not resolve this difficulty. The present results are compared with the recent work of Keating on the second and third order elastic constants of these crystals.
Events in Space

1. Introduction: space as a verbal category Many languages make use of verbal forms to express spatial relations and distinc- tions. Spatial notions are lexicalized into verb roots, as in come and go; they are expressed by derivational morphology such as Ineseno Chumashmaquti 'hither and thither' or Shasta eh´ 'downward' (Mithun 1999: 140-141); and, I will argue, they are expressed by verbal inflectional morphology in Nez Perce. This verbal inflec- tion for space shows a number of parallels with inflection for tense, which it appears immediately below. Like tense, space markers in Nez Perce are a closed-class in- flectional category with a basic locativemeaning; they differ in the axis along which their locative meaning is computed. The syntax and semantics of space inflection raises the question of just how tight the liaison is between verbal categories and temporal specification. I argue that in view of the presence of space inflection in languages like Nez Perce, tense marking is best captured as a device for narrowing the temporal coordinates of a spatiotemporally located sentence topic.
Antifungal Properties of Some Antihistamines

Several antihistamine drugs have been tested for fungistatic activity. By use of the isolated mycelial disk technique, an exposure of two minutes, and T. mentagrophytes as the test organism, none of the compounds showed activity. When tested by the agar cup-late method and the same organism, all or the antihistaminic drugs tested showed inhibitory activity.
An improved sphere covering bound for the codes with n=3R+2

Let C be a binary code (not necessarily linear) with covering radius R and length n=3R+2. The sphere covering bound on the cardinality of C is improved considerably provided C has minimal distance d>2. Some new results on the function t(n,k) (the smallest covering radius of any binary linear code with length n and dimension k): t(38.6)>or=13, t(47.7)>or=16, t(59.8)>or=20 are given. >
Partitioning dataflow analyses using types

We present a simple method for partitioning a dataflow analysis problem into a series of related subproblems. We use type information (either declared by the programmer, or computed via nonstandard type inference) to conservatively approximate analysis-time data dependences between program quantities. This dependence information frees us from the need to model all program quantities simultaneously in a single, monolithic analysis. Instead, we can model quantities in any order, or even in parallel, so long as we respect the dependences. Our approach is independent of the means used to solve the subproblems, and enables the wider application of existing sparse approaches previously restricted to "separable" dataflow problems. Preliminary experiments applying our technique to flow-sensitive points-to analysis of C programs have achieved storage savings of 1.3-7.2x over existing methods.
White Matter Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9.

Background and Purpose— We recently observed early white matter injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. This study investigated the potential role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and consequent white matter injury. Methods— SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in adult male mice. The following 3 experiments were devised: (1) mice underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 24 h after SAH and were euthanized to determine BBB disruption and MMP-9 activation in white matter; (2) to investigate the role of MMP-9 in BBB disruption, lesion volumes on magnetic resonance imaging were compared between wild-type (WT) and MMP-9 knockout (MMP-9−/−) mice at 24 h after SAH; (3) WT and MMP-9−/− mice underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1 and 8 days after SAH to detect time-dependent changes in brain injury. Brains were used to investigate myelin integrity in white matter. Results— In WT mice with SAH, white matter showed BBB disruption (albumin leakage) and T2 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging. MMP-9 activity was elevated at 24 h after SAH. MMP-9−/− mice had less white matter T2 hyperintensity after SAH than WT mice. At 8 days after SAH, WT mice had decreased myelin integrity and MMP-9−/− mice developed less white matter injury. Conclusions— SAH causes BBB disruption and consequent injury in white matter. MMP-9 plays an important role in those pathologies and could be a therapeutic target for SAH-induced white matter injury.
ETANA-DL: managing complex information applications - an archaeology digital library

Summary form only given. Archaeological research results in the generation of large quantities of heterogeneous information managed by different projects using custom information systems. We demonstrate a prototype digital library (DL) for integrating and managing archaeological data and providing services useful to various user communities. ETANA-DL is a model-based, componentized, extensible, archaeological DL that manages complex information sources using the client-server paradigm of the open archives initiative protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH). We present a prototype of ETANA-DL that builds on the 5S meta-model for developing for archaeological systems. We demonstrate our approach, used to integrate and handle highly heterogeneous data and the various services that ETANA-DL currently supports - searching, browsing, personal collections, workflows, discussions, annotations, etc. We are working on the structural aspects of the meta-model, and have used the results to develop advanced cross-collection searching and browsing services.
The role of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in fluoride inhibition of active sodium transport in human erythrocytes.

The rate coefficient for 22Na release from previously labeled human erythrocytes was determined in the presence of 0.1–10 mM sodium fluoride (F). The oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level at the end of 2 hr of incubation in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)-Ringer medium was also measured. Both parameters decreased proportionately as F concentration was raised. Both F-induced changes were immediate and were reversed by 10 mM pyruvate. The decrease in NAD+ concentration following enolase inhibition by F is attributed to a diminished rate of formation in the reaction catalyzed by lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) with undiminished continued utilization in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). It is postulated that the NAD+ lowering limited the GAPDH step, resulting in proportionate decreases in the rates of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and Na,K-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase), a reaction sequence thought to link glycolysis with active Na extrusion. Adding pyruvate with F increased NAD+ production at the LDH step, thus reactivating GAPDH, PGK, and Na,K-ATPase and leading to the observed restoration of 22Na release. The results suggest, therefore, that F inhibits active Na transport in intact human erythrocytes indirectly through a lowering of NAD+, although, direct inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase by F may possibly occur simultaneously.
Transient electrophoretic motion of cylindrical particles in capillaries

The transient electrophoretic motion of a cylindrical particle through a relatively narrow channel is numerically simulated. The particle is initially located on the channel centerline and the initial angle of the particle to the channel centerline is varied with the objective of determining the effect on the particle trajectory. It is observed that the particles that begin aligned with or perpendicular to the channel centerline translate at a constant rate without rotation. The particles that begin at an intermediate angle (22.5°, 45°, and 67.5°) translate along the channel while also translating perpendicular to the channel centerline and rotating in an oscillatory manner.
Magnetic resonance cholangiography in patients with biliary disease: its role in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Abstract Background/Aim: Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure whose role in the management of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of MRC in the evaluation of the biliary tree in patients with suspected biliary disease, and in particular, PSC. Methods: MRC and invasive cholangiography (ERCP or PTC) were both performed in 73 patients, (33 male, 40 female, mean age 56 years) with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of cholestasis. Images were interpreted by two radiologists unaware of the results of other studies. Results: Forty-two patients (58%) had benign biliary disease, including 23 patients (32%) with PSC; 9 patients (12%) had malignant biliary disease; and 22 patients (30%) had a normal biliary tree. Diagnostic quality images were obtained in 73/73 (100%) of MRC, and in 70/73 (96%) of invasive cholangiography (68 ERCP's, 2 PTC's) procedures. Using ERCP/PTC findings as the reference standard, MRC had an accuracy greater than 90% in the diagnosis of normal bile ducts, biliary dilatation, biliary obstruction, bile duct stones, and PSC. Using the final diagnosis, MRC had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90% in the detection of biliary disease compared to 97% for invasive cholangiography. Additional diagnostic/therapeutic interventions were performed during ERCP in 73% of patients with PSC and in 43% of patients without PSC ( p =0.02). Conclusions: MRC has excellent diagnostic accuracy in the presence of biliary disease. Because of its noninvasive nature, MRC may have advantages over invasive cholangiography when diagnosis is the major goal of the procedure.
Synthesis of series-parallel network switching functions

From the switching Junctions of n variables, those which correspond to networks are abstracted and called network functions. Properties of those network functions corresponding to series-parallel networks are studied and a method for synthesis is developed.
Demonstrating the Experimenting Society Model with Classwide Behavior Management Interventions.

This research demonstrates the experimenting society model using data-based decision making and collaborative consultation to generate and evaluate three classwide behavior management intervention ...
“Can't Repeat the Past?” Gatsby and the American Dream at Mid-Century

“‘Can't Repeat the Past?’ Gatsby and the American Dream at Mid-Century” analyzes The Great Gatsby 's Cold War rise to explain its subsequent canonization. The essay uses Ernst Bloch's theory of disappointment and utopianism to dwell, in particular, upon the novel's representations of the American Dream as intimately related to failure and the promise of the New World. Bloch's insistence that disappointment is embedded within utopian formations suggests that the novel's tragic take on Gatsby's dreams is the key to its mid-century fame and its continued cultural appeal.
Courts, Justice, and Human Rights

This article explores the legal and judicial institutions reestablished in China in the aftermath of the Cultural Revolution and on the heels of the economic reforms of 1978. The recent developments will be surveyed and then examined through the lens of several phenomena that characterize the system – bureaucratization, authoritarianism, and a preference for informality. These underlying strands point to a legal system that, from a Western perspective, affords only limited protection to the rights of individuals.
Dimensional Analysis of the Electrorheological Behavior of Milk Chocolate

Electrorheology (ER) is concerned with the effects of electric fields on the flow properties of liquid suspensions that show an increase in apparent viscosity and a greater yield stress during exposure to electric fields. These fluids require polarizable particles suspended in an insulating (non-conducting) oil. The ER phenomenon results from the formation of microstructures of the dispersed solid phase. In other words, the field-induced microstructures attempt to span the fluid gap, causing reduced fluidity.
Philosophy of Collaboration

Information Systems require intense collaboration to design, maintain and improve. Research on collaboration and collaboration systems has achieved sufficient maturity and scope where an overall conceptual definition of Collaboration is clearly needed. This paper proposes terminology to bridge between isolated communities of collaboration researchers from various fields, defining key terms and making arguments about what collaboration is and is not. It offers a preliminary philosophical description of Collaboration based on epistemological, metaphysical, and axiological insights, and invites the collaboration research community to join a conversation toward formalizing a fully-realized philosophy of collaboration.
Methyltransferase-Glo: a universal, bioluminescent and homogenous assay for monitoring all classes of methyltransferases.

Aim: To develop a homogenous, nonradioactive, antibody-free and universal assay for diverse families of methyltransferases and monitor the activity of these enzymes in a high-throughput format. Materials & methods: The assay conditions are optimized for monitoring the enzymatic activity of a broad range of methyltransferases regardless of the chemical structure or nature of the enzyme substrate in a low- and high-throughput-formatted protocols. The assay detects S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, the universal reaction products of all methyltransferases. Results: We demonstrate the utility of using this protocol to determine the activity of DNA, protein methyltransferases and also to determine kinetic parameters of several inhibitors using purified enzymes. The assay is sensitive (20–30 nM of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine) and robust. Conclusion: The methyltransferase Glo is nonradioactive, antibody-free and homogenous, universal assay to determine enzyme activity of diverse families of methyltransferases. The assay ...
Ti-in-zircon thermometry and crystallization modeling support hot Grenville granite hypothesis

Quantitative modeling of crystallization histories using the program rhyolite-MELTS indicates that zircon crystallization in 1.0 to 1.2 Ga Grenville granitoids with Zr concentrations of 300–1200 ppm begins at 930–1000 °C, and always after onset of crystallization of most other phases (pyroxenes, feldspars, quartz, apatite, ilmenite). Zircon saturation temperatures, calculated from whole-rock compositions and Zr concentrations for modeled samples, range from 835 to 997 °C. Zircon in the two samples with the highest Zr (1201 and 829 ppm) analyzed by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) yielded Ti contents of 10–77 ppm, corresponding to Ti-in-zircon temperatures as high as 1035 °C and 915 °C, respectively. These are among the highest Ti-in-zircon temperatures recorded in magmatic rocks. The modeling and SHRIMP data support the hypothesis that high-Zr Grenville granites are hot granites, and support tectonic models that invoke high-temperature (>900 °C) crustal conditions for generation of Grenville magmas.
Body weight of rats following area postrema ablation: effect of early force-feeding

This study examined the effect of intragastric force-feeding of a milk diet on body weights of rats with lesions of the area postrema/caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/cmNTS). Force-feeding was conducted over the first 10 days after the ablation. Body weight was monitored both during and after force-feeding. Food intake was measured during all ad libitum feeding periods. During force-feeding, rats with AP/cmNTS lesions gained weight at the same rate as force-fed sham-lesioned rats or sham-lesioned rats that voluntarily ingested an equal amount of the milk. When returned to ad libitum feeding, lesioned rats that had been force-fed were not hypophagic and did not lose weight. Body weights of such rats remained above those of lesioned rats that were not force-fed and similar to those of nonlesioned rats throughout this study. Despite their normal weights, preliminary analysis indicated that body fat of the force-fed lesioned rats may have been reduced. These findings suggest that the effects of AP/cmNTS ablation are multiple and that reduction of body weight need not be the primary effect of such lesions.
Tethered bis-pyrrolidine additions to C70: Some unexpected and new regioisomers

Four easily isolable bis-pyrrolidine-C70 regioisomers were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The four [70]fullerene bis-adducts were unambiguously assigned using spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography, as the β-2-β, α-2-α, α-1-β and α-1-α regioisomers.
Study on influence factors on acrylic ester latex

This paper studied the different factors that influence acrylic ester latex.When the ration of SDS:OP-10=1∶3,the latex had good stability;the proper concentration of the mixed emulgent was 4%,and the ester latex had required mechanical stability and dilute stability.Properly increased the temperature of pre-latex(45℃) achieved good stability within short time.The proper enrich time is 45min,water absorption of the emulsion membrane increased with the increased of amount of acrylamide monomer firstly and then decreased,the optimal dosage of acrylamide was 2%.
The inhibition of ribonucleic acid polymerase from Escherichia coli by 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine.

The inhibition of RNA synthesis in vitro by the purine nucleoside analogue 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine has been characterized. This compound was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of the incorporation of nucleoside triphosphates into RNA by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ribonucleoside triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) isolated from Escherichia coil . The DNA-binding and initiation functions of the enzyme were blocked, but the compound did not affect RNA chain elongation. Studies of the interactions of 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine with amino acids, N -acetylamino acid analogues, and β-mercaptoethanol indicated that the drug reacts primarily with sulfhydryl groups of RNA polymerase. The inhibition could be partially reversed by dithiothreitol. The data suggest that 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine acts by inhibiting RNA polymerase function in a manner similar to the reversible sulfhydryl inhibitor p -chloromercuribenzoate.
Biological Electron Transfer: Measurement, Mechanism, Engineering Requirements

At the heart of bioenergetics lies a complex assembly of electron transfer proteins that are responsible for converting electrochemical potential energy into the other forms of energy that drive biosynthesis throughout the cell. More than thirty years ago, Mitchell [1] sketched out a chemiosmotic mechanism that captured the essence of the operation of the electron transfer membranes in respiration and photosynthesis. In the chemiosmotic model, electrochemical energy is present as a supply of reducing and oxidizing substrates: NADH and oxygen in the respiration of many organisms; a light induced charge separated pair in photosynthesis. The electrons from the reducing equivalents are guided through a network of electron transfer proteins that are embedded in or closely associated with an electrically insulating membrane. Electrons are combined with protons on one side of the membrane to form electrically neutral species, such as hydroquinone. These can move to corresponding sites at the other side of the membrane and release protons, converting redox potential energy into a transmembrane proton gradient. Electrons are guided back across the membrane to electrical charge the membrane and convert electrochemical energy into a transmembrane electric field. When electrons from the original reductants are united with the ultimate oxidants, a substantial amount of the electrochemical energy has been converted into a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient which is used to drive a myriad of membrane related processes. Much of the proton gradient is consumed by a transmembrane ATPase protein which couples motion of protons down the chemiosmotic gradient to phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The energy stored in the form of this phosphorylation potential is distributed throughout the cell where it is coupled to essential biosynthetic reactions.
UV observations of close binary stars.

Ultraviolet spectroscopic observations made with the Copernicus and IUE spacecraft have been analyzed. The observations represent a collaborative effort with G. J. Peters. Observational evidence supporting the existence of a turbulent accretion layer has been discussed earlier by Peters. Ionization equilibrium calculations suggest the following physical conditions in the layer: T ~ 125000 K°, Ne ~ 109 cm-3; composition: Nitrogen rich, carbon poor. Observations also show the region to be turbulent and not co-rotating with the accreting star. We conclude that the region is formed by new material arriving from the secondary and that the accretion process is turbulent.
Laser Cooling with Intense Laser Fields

We have performed laser cooling of a Rb atomic beam at high laser intensities using two different laser configurations: a transverse lin 1 lin configuration and magnetically induced laser cooling (6’-MII,C1). The resulting velocity distribution is determined from the spatial distribution of the atoms as measured by fluorescence detection using a CCD camera.
Upconversion of 5 Ι 7 to 5 Ι 6 and 5 Ι 5 in Ho:YAG and Ho:YLF

upconversion rate it requires a detailed knowledge of the excited state densities. In this study, the Ho ions are selectively excited to 5Ι7 to create a uniform distribution of excited ions and emissions from higher excited states are monitored as a measure of the upconversion processes.
Dynamic analysis environment for nuclear forensic analyses

Abstract A Dynamic Analysis Environment (DAE) software package is introduced to facilitate group inclusion/exclusion method testing, evaluation and comparison for pre-detonation nuclear forensics applications. Employing DAE, the multivariate signatures of a questioned material can be compared to the signatures for different, known groups, enabling the linking of the questioned material to its potential process, location, or fabrication facility. Advantages of using DAE for group inclusion/exclusion include built-in query tools for retrieving data of interest from a database, the recording and documentation of all analysis steps, a clear visualization of the analysis steps intelligible to a non-expert, and the ability to integrate analysis tools developed in different programming languages. Two group inclusion/exclusion methods are implemented in DAE: principal component analysis, a parametric feature extraction method, and k nearest neighbors, a nonparametric pattern recognition method. Spent Fuel Isotopic Composition (SFCOMPO), an open source international database of isotopic compositions for spent nuclear fuels (SNF) from 14 reactors, is used to construct PCA and KNN models for known reactor groups, and 20 simulated SNF samples are utilized in evaluating the performance of these group inclusion/exclusion models. For all 20 simulated samples, PCA in conjunction with the Q statistic correctly excludes a large percentage of reactor groups and correctly includes the true reactor of origination. Employing KNN, 14 of the 20 simulated samples are classified to their true reactor of origination.
Comparative analysis of the performance of two different platforms for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery.

Purpose To analyze and compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of cataract surgery performed with two different femtosecond laser platforms. Methods Randomized controlled prospective intraindividual comparative study including 90 eyes of 45 patients aged between 61 and 86 years. All eyes underwent bilateral cataract surgery assisted with femtosecond laser technology. Eyes were randomized to one of two different femtosecond laser platforms: Catalys Precision system (Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA, USA) (Catalys group), and LenSx system (Alcon-LenSx Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) (LenSx group). Several intraoperative parameters and changes in corrected distance visual acuity and corneal endothelial density were evaluated and compared. Results The LenSx group showed a significantly higher cumulative dissipated energy and phacoemulsification power needed compared to the Catalys group (P≤0.043). Likewise, a longer patient interface preparation time, more severe perception of pressure by patient, and more cases of subconjunctival hemorrhage were found in the LenSx group (P≤0.014). A complete capsulotomy was achieved in more cases in the Catalys group compared to the LenSx group (P=0.002). Regarding corneal incisions, no statistically significant differences were found between groups (P≥0.071). The same occurred for postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (P≥0.48), endothelial cell density changes (P≥0.14), and the incidence of corneal edema or flare (P≥0.399). Conclusion Cataract surgery with the two evaluated femtosecond laser platforms is a safe procedure, with reduced phaco time and energy, and preservation of corneal endothelium integrity. However, both systems differ in the performance of capsulotomy and the procedure of docking, with an advantage of the Catalys over the LenSx system.
Definitive Radiotherapy for Local Recurrence of NSCLC After Surgery.

Abstract Introduction Locoregional recurrence after resection of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is common. We examined outcomes after definitive radiotherapy (RT) to identify prognostic factors for survival and further recurrence. Patients and Methods We reviewed 152 patients who received RT for locoregional recurrent (LR)-NSCLC, and analyzed subsequent overall survival (OS), locoregional failure (LRF), distant metastasis (DM), and any disease progression (LRF and DM). Results Two- and 5-year OS were 49% and 28%, respectively. Two- and 5-year LRF, DM, and any disease progression rates were 40% and 45%, 33% and 37%, and 53% and 57%, respectively. Performance status and intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) were independently associated with OS, as was RT dose ≥ 60 Gy. Stage, chemotherapy at recurrence, and surgery to recurrence interval were not independently associated with outcome. Chemotherapy at initial presentation, adenocarcinoma histology, and male sex were independently associated with higher rates of DM. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the largest reported series of LR-NSCLC treated with definitive RT. Survival appears comparable to or greater than that of primary NSCLC. Subsequent LRF is more common than distant failure. Established prognostic factors for primary NSCLC, such as chemotherapy and stage, were not clearly prognostic in this analysis. IMRT and higher RT doses were associated with improved survival, though IMRT patients were also treated more recently. These data support definitive-intent RT with optimal dose and technique in such patients.
Analysis of Behavioural Characteristics Related to Unintentional Injury in Southeast Chinese Adolescents: Evidence from a School-Based Survey

The purpose of this study was to explore the epidemiological features of common unintentional injury-related behaviours and to identify possible factors that lead to these unsafe behaviours among adolescents. A representative sample of 10,806 students was recruited from 77 schools by using the two-stage stratified random sampling method. All participants took a self-administered questionnaires and data were analysed to estimate the prevalence of unintentional injury-related behaviours and to identify the influential factors for these behaviours. The prevalence of unsafe swimming, jaywalking, illegal bicycling and not wearing a seat belt was 6.35%, 33.08%, 18.10% and 15.73%, respectively. The proportion of students who had two, three or four unintentional injury-related behaviours was 14.59%, 4.27% and 0.57%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that male adolescents, living in an urban area and attending a vocational-technical school might contribute to the occurrence of four unintentional injury-related behaviours. In addition, the marital status of parents and father with a college degree or above were negatively associated with the adolescent's behaviour of not wearing a seat belt. Considering diverse epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injury-related behaviours among adolescents, targeted interventions such as enhancing self-protection capabilities and strengthening safety consciousness by family, school and related departments should be implemented to lower the occurrence of unintentional injury-related behaviours.
Process-oriented dynamic group psychotherapy for depression as a teaching modality in a family medicine residency program— A pilot study:

Background and ObjectivesThis pilot study provides a description and evaluation of process-oriented dynamic group psychotherapy for depression as a teaching modality for family medicine residents. The main purpose of using this modality was to teach family medicine residents a variety of psychological clinical skills. A secondary benefit of this modality was to provide in-house, primary care treatment to depressed patients, although the efficacy of this was not evaluated in the present study.MethodsA 10-item, self-report, Likert-type questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of family medicine residents who had participated in the program.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were received from 100% of the family medicine resident participants. Responses to the questionnaires indicate that the residents felt they acquired a variety of clinical skills from the training modality, to include developing active listening and interviewing skills; methods to improve the doctor–patient relationship; increa...
Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults in the Year After Cancer Treatment.

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer are a vulnerable group facing more intense treatments, higher symptom burden, and poorer treatment outcomes relative to younger children. Sleep disruption is common during cancer treatment and sleep problems persist into adulthood for some survivors of AYA cancer. The developmental period of adolescence/emerging adulthood confers greater biological and behavioral risk for insufficient sleep relative to older or younger ages. Thus, understanding AYA sleep disturbances shortly after completing treatment can inform interventions to manage cancer-related symptoms and improve quality of life. Methods: Sixty-one AYA (ages 12–25) within 1 year of finishing cancer treatment completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life Instrument-Adolescent Form. Treatment variables were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: Forty-seven percent of participants were classified as “poor sleepers,” 41% reported ...
Abiraterone is effective and should be considered for the treatment of metastatic castrate-naïve prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard of care for the treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer for the past 70 years. Furthermore, adding docetaxel chemotherapy to ADT significantly improved patient survival, and thus became the new standard for patients with high volume disease. However, recent evidence has called this treatment strategy into question since a published study has shown that the drug abiraterone has a similar benefit to docetaxel in a similar patient population group but with less toxicity. The following article considers this key paper and its implications. Areas covered: In this key paper evaluation, the authors discuss the rational, trial design and results of the LATITUDE trial. Furthermore, the past and current standard of care of metastatic castrate-naive prostate cancer (mCNPC) is discussed, while the authors also compare abiraterone and docetaxel in terms of benefit, safety profile, and affordability. Expert opinion: Abiraterone is highly effective and has an excellent safety profile for the treatment of metastatic castrate-naive prostate cancer. It is the authors' opinion that it should now be considered the new standard of care.
VERBAL DIRECTIONS FOR WAY-FINDING: SPACE, COGNITION, AND LANGUAGE

This paper develops a tentative model of the cognitive mechanism underlying verbal direction-giving. It proposes the hypothesis that the cognitive map often assumed to be at the basis of that behavior, as well as the direction-giving discourse itself, are in fact generated by a common underlying mental model, which is itself structured by more primitive kinesthetic image-schemas and basic-level categories. Thus, theoretically, the paper synthesizes work on mental models from cognitive psychology with the perspective of experiential realism developed in cognitive linguistics. Empirically, it builds upon an analysis of transcripts from an informal experiment in direction-giving, rejoining similar studies by behavioral geographers and others. While distinct from image-based (in particular, cognitive-map based) as well as syntactic accounts of direction-giving, the proposed model offers an alternative that accommodates both these.
Shifting the Priorities and Values: A Commentary on Hiller and Gorsky

In the ancient folk tale of ‘The Blind Men and the Elephant’, three blind men were asked to touch an elephant and then describe what it resembled. One man touched its side and said it was like a massive wall. Another, putting his arms around its leg, said it resembled a tall and sturdy tree. The third, grasping its trunk, argued that it must surely be slender and serpentine like a snake. Similarly, our own perspectives on problems often are shaped by the particular aspects we choose to see and by those which fall outside our particular views of the problems.
Measurement and modeling of the spatiotemporal dynamics of beach surface moisture content

Abstract The spatiotemporal dynamics of surface moisture exert a significant influence on the operation of aeolian transport systems at many beaches. However, we currently lack the detailed understanding of variability in surface moisture required to incorporate it into aeolian models. This problem is addressed here through direct measurements and simulation modeling of beach surface moisture over a twelve-day period, and through quantification of the relative contributions of evaporation, condensation and groundwater inputs to surface moisture. It was found that the beach surface can be characterized spatially in terms of three moisture zones: a consistently dry zone ( 40%). The relative influence of groundwater inputs was found to decrease moving landward, as the depth of the water table increased and the amplitude of tidally-induced water table fluctuations decreased. The critical pressure head (groundwater depth) at which evaporation begins to impose a demonstrable influence on surface moisture variability was found to be 90–100 cm. Temporally, beach surface moisture is a function of the lunar tidal cycle at longer-term time scales (weekly), and diurnal tidal and evaporation cycles. A numerical model was used to simulate capillary transfers of moisture from the water table to the surface, and moisture losses due to evaporation. The model was found to reliably replicate the measured spatiotemporal variability in surface moisture. In the dry zone, where most aeolian transport would be expected to occur, simulated moisture contents were typically within ±0.2% of measured volumetric contents.
Dysrhythmias and heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction: An emergency medicine review.

Abstract Introduction Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may suffer several complications after the acute event, including dysrhythmias and heart failure (HF). These complications place patients at risk for morbidity and mortality. Objective This narrative review evaluates literature and guideline recommendations relevant to the acute emergency department (ED) management of AMI complicated by dysrhythmia or HF, with a focus on evidence-based considerations for ED interventions. Discussion Limited evidence exists for ED management of dysrhythmias in AMI due to relatively low prevalence and frequent exclusion of patients with active cardiac ischemia from clinical studies. Management decisions for bradycardia in the setting of AMI are determined by location of infarction, timing of the dysrhythmia, rhythm assessment, and hemodynamic status of the patient. Atrial fibrillation is common in the setting of AMI, and caution is warranted in acute rate control for rapid ventricular rate given the possibility of compensation for decreased ventricular function. Regular wide complex tachycardia in the setting of AMI should be managed as ventricular tachycardia with electrocardioversion in the majority of cases. Management directed towards HF from left ventricular dysfunction in AMI consists of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, nitroglycerin therapy, and early cardiac catheterization. Norepinephrine is the first line vasopressor for patients with cardiogenic shock and hypoperfusion on clinical examination. Early involvement of a multi-disciplinary team is recommended when caring for patients in cardiogenic shock. Conclusions This review discusses considerations of ED management of dysrhythmias and HF associated with AMI.
Improving Emergency Preparedness among Children with Special Health Care Needs in a Pediatric Infant Disease Clinic

Introduction:Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCNs) are at an increased risk for physical, developmental, or emotional conditions, and require special services beyond what is typically required by children. Improving emergency preparedness amongst families with CSHCNs has been advocated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).Aim:We evaluated the preparedness of children and family members, who are infected, or affected, by HIV illness and require daily medications.Methods:A convenience sample was used to enroll patients and their parents at a pediatric infectious disease clinic. Surveys were used to assess baseline emergency preparedness. Patients were then given an educational intervention on improving personal preparedness. Participants were provided with emergency go-kit and educational materials. Follow up was completed in 30 days to re-assess preparedness by re-administering the initial survey with additional questions.Results:Thirty-eight patients were enrolled and 10 were lost to follow up. Data from a total of 28 patients were used for study results analyses. Chi-squared testing was used for non-parametric variable analyses for an N < 30. Participants who designated an emergency meeting place outside of their home, post-intervention, were statistically significant-X2 (1) = 29.20, p-value <0.0001. Participants who completed an emergency information form, post-intervention, were statistically significant-X2 (1) = 13.69, p-value <0.0002. Participants who obtained an emergency kit of supplies for 3 days, post-intervention, were statistically significant-X2(1) = 8.92, p-value <0.0028. Participants who obtained a home first aid kit, post-intervention, were statistically significant-X2(1) = 12.16, p-value <0.0005. Five families obtained an emergency supply of medications, post-intervention-X2 (1) = 1.99, p-value = 0.1582. This result was not statistically significant.Discussion:This study demonstrates that brief educational intervention has potential to improve the preparedness of CSHCNs, including those living with HIV illness.
Optimization of oxadiazole derivatives with a spirocyclic cyclohexane structure as novel GPR119 agonists.

Abstract We describe here a novel GPR119 agonist 24, which showed a potent and long-acting hypoglycemic effect in rats via oral dosing. For the discovery of 24, we chose compound 5, which possessed an oxadiazole linker, as a lead compound among our spirocyclic cyclohexane GPR119 agonist series, taking into account its lower plasma protein binding nature. 3,5-Difluoro and 4-methylsulfonylmethy groups on the left side phenyl group, and a gem-difluoro group on the right side of 24 are important for its agonist potency and metabolic stability, respectively.
Cost-Effective Cosmetic-Grade Hyaluronan Hydrogels for ReNcell VM Human Neural Stem Cell Culture.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide polymer frequently used as a starting material to fabricate hydrogels, especially for recapitulating the brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM) for in vitro neural stem cell (NSC) cultures. Here, we report the successful synthesis of a methacrylated HA (MeHA) polymer from an inexpensive cosmetic-grade hyaluronan starting material. The MeHA polymers synthesized from cosmetic-grade HA yielded similar chemical purity to those from pharmaceutical/research-grade HA reported in the literature. Crosslinked MeHA (x-MeHA) hydrogels were formed using radical polymerization which resulted in mechanical properties matching previously reported mechanical property ranges for enhanced neuronal differentiation of NSCs. We assessed cellular adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and stiffness-dependent neuronal differentiation properties of ReNcell VM human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and compared our results to studies reported in the literature (that utilized non-human and human pluripotent cell-derived NSCs).
Flow Photochemical Syntheses of trans‐Cyclooctenes and trans‐Cycloheptenes Driven by Metal Complexation

trans-Cyclooctenes and trans-cycloheptenes have long been the subject of physical organic study, but the broader application had been limited by synthetic accessibility. This account describes the development of a general, flow photochemical method for the preparative synthesis of trans-cycloalkene derivatives. Here, photoisom erization takes place in a closed-loop flow reactor where the reaction mixture is continuously cycled through Ag(I) on silica gel. Selective complexation of the trans-isomer by Ag(I) during flow drives an otherwise unfavorable isomeric ratio toward the trans-isomer. Analogous photoreactions under batch-conditions are low yielding, and flow chemistry is necessary in order to obtain trans-cycloalkenes in preparatively useful yields. The applications of the method to bioorthogonal chemistry and stereospecific transannulation chemistry are described.