cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation and Experimental Verification of a Smart Antenna System Operating at 60 GHz Band

With the introduction of the unlicensed spectrum at the 60 GHz range, the development of communication systems with data rates in Gb/s range has become feasible. However, there are quite significant challenges at this frequency range such as high propagation loss, oxygen absorption, antenna alignment and unavailability of high-gain, high power circuit elements. In this paper we present a novel 2-channel hybrid smart-antenna system operating at 60 GHz band which can be used with an antenna switching system to improve the signal power performance and to serve as an automated alignment system. The critical system parameters for a smart-antenna system at this frequency are the transmitter to receiver distance, element spacing, and antenna beamwidth. As the widely known beamforming assumptions may not hold for some configurations, a more general beamforming formulation is given in the paper to serve as a guideline for system designers. The twist angle of array elements is introduced as a new array design parameter. By selecting the optimal twist angle to help overlap radiation patterns, the fine alignment of the transmit and receive beams is established electronically using beamforming, thus reducing the cost of deployment and maintenance of the 60 GHz indoor communication systems.
Constitutive expression of the Id1 gene impairs mouse B cell development

Abstract The ld proteins are inhibitors of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. In the B cell lineage, the Id1 and Id2 genes are expressed in pro-B cells and down-regulated during differentiation. To determine the role of bHLH proteins and the significance of down-regulation of Id genes in B cell development, transgenic mice constitutively expressing the Id1 gene were generated. Their phenotype suggests that B cell development is impaired at an early stage. Primarily, these mice have few B220 + IgM + mature B or B220 + CD43 − pre-B cells in the bone marrow, reduced frequencies of V(D)J and V K J K recombination of the immunoglobulin loci, and lower expression levels of the immunoglobulin, RAG-1, RAG-2 , and λ5 genes.
Variation of Heterometallic Structural Motifs Based on [W(CN)8]3− Anions and MnII Ions as a Function of Synthetic Conditions

Reactions of [W(CN)(8)](3-/4-) anions with complexes of Mn(2+) ion with tridentate organic ligand 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz) lead to a series of heterobimetallic complexes. The crystal structures of these compounds are derived from the same basic structural fragment, namely a W(2)Mn(2) square constructed of alternating cyanide-bridged W and Mn ions. In [Mn(II)(tptz)(OAc)(H(2)O)(2)](2){[Mn(II)(tptz)(MeOH)(1.58)(H(2)O)(0.42)](2)[W(V)(CN)(8)](2)}.5 MeOH.9.85 H(2)O (3), isolated molecular squares are co-crystallized with mononuclear cationic Mn(II) complexes. The structure of {[Mn(II)(tptz)(MeOH)](2)[W(IV)(CN)(8)].2 MeOH}(infinity) (4) is based on an infinite chain of vertex-sharing squares, while {[Mn(II) (2)(tptz)(2)(MeOH)(3)(OAc)][W(V)(CN)(8)].3.5 MeOH0.25 H(2)O}(infinity) (5) and {[Mn(II) (2)(tptz)(2)(MeOH)(3)W(V)(CN)(8)][Mn(II)(tptz)(MeOH)W(V)(CN)(8)].2 H(2).OMeOH}(8) (7) are derived from such an infinite chain by removing one of the W-C[triple bond]N-Mn linkages in each of the squares. The decanuclear cluster [Mn(II) (6)(tptz)(6)(MeOH)(4)(DMF)(2)W(V) (4)(CN)(32)].8.2 H(2)O.2.3 MeOH (6) is a truncated version of structure 4 and consists of three vertex-sharing W(2)Mn(2) squares. The structure of [Mn(II)(tptz)(MeOH)(NO(3))](2)[Mn(II)(tptz)(MeOH) (DMF)](2)[W(V)(CN)(8)](2).6 MeOH (8) consists of a hexanuclear cluster, in which the central W(2)Mn(2) square is extended by two Mn side-arms attached via CN(-) ligands to the W corners of the square. The magnetic behavior of these heterobimetallic complexes (except for 4) is dominated by antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn(II) and W(V) ions mediated by cyanide bridges. Compounds 3, 6, and 8 exhibit high spin ground states of S=4, 13, and 9, respectively, while 5 and 7 exhibit behavior typical of a ferrimagnetic chain with alternating spin centers. Complex 4 contains diamagnetic W(IV) centers but holds promise as a potential photomagnetic solid.
Weight-Based Victimization Among Adolescents in the School Setting: Emotional Reactions and Coping Behaviors

Weight-based victimization is a frequent experience for adolescents, but little is known about their emotional reactions and coping strategies in response to weight-based teasing and bullying. The present study examined the ways that adolescents cope with experiences of weight-based victimization at school. An initial sample of 1,555 students from two high schools in central Connecticut completed a comprehensive battery of self-report measures to assess their experiences of weight-based teasing and bullying at school, affective responses to these experiences, and coping strategies used to deal with incidents of weight-based victimization. Only those students who reported experiencing weight-based victimization (N = 394) were included for the purposes of the present study. Of this sub-sample, 56% were females, 84% were Caucasian, and the mean age was 16.4 years. Weight-based victimization resulted in 40–50% of adolescents feeling sad and depressed, worse about themselves, bad about their body, angry, and some feeling afraid. Gender differences emerged with respect to how boys and girls react to experiences of weight-based victimization. However, structural equation model estimates demonstrated that both boys and girls who reported negative affect in response to weight-based victimization were more likely to use coping strategies of avoidance (e.g., avoiding gym class), increased food consumption, and binge eating. Binary logistic regressions showed that the odds of students skipping school or reporting that their grades were harmed because of weight-based teasing increased by 5% per teasing incident, even after controlling for gender, age, race, grades, and weight status. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic examination of affective reactions and coping strategies among overweight adolescents in response to weight-based victimization. These findings can inform efforts to assist overweight youth to cope adaptively with weight-based victimization.
A novel collector for imaging detector applications

In this preliminary study, the design of a novel collector for semiconductor imaging devices is presented The novelty of the collector relies on geometrical and physical parameters, which add to the collector enhanced "Frisch-grid" capabilities. As a result, the proposed technology provides an effective mode to shield the electron-collecting electrode from the charge induced on it from moving positive ions and trapped charge. Therefore, the performance parameters of an imaging detector, such as spatial and contrast resolution, can be improved significantly.
Comparison of echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sarcomere mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy.

Background— Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) typically manifests during or after adolescence in sarcomere mutation carriers at risk for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Guidelines recommend serial imaging of mutation carriers without LVH (G+/LVH−) to monitor for phenotypic evolution, but the optimal strategy is undefined. Compared with echocardiography (echo), cardiac MRI (CMR) offers improved endocardial visualization and potential to assess scar. However, the incremental advantage offered by CMR for early diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unclear. Therefore, we systematically compared echo and CMR in G+/LVH− subjects. Methods and Results— A total of 40 sarcomere mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness ( z score Conclusions— Echo is unlikely to miss substantial LVH; however, CMR identified mild hypertrophy in ≈10% of mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness. CMR may be a useful adjunct in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy family screening, particularly in higher risk situations, or if echocardiographic images are suboptimal or suggest borderline LVH.
Dressing Up Like an Organization: When Psychological Theories Can Explain Organizational Action

This article explores how psychological theories can be used to explain organizational action. It starts by noting that many macro actions may in fact be micro behavior in disguise. It is argued that psychological models are relevant when individuals are able to influence organizational action, when individuallevel processes mediate organizational actions, and when theories of human behavior serve as a metaphor for the action of organizations. Once these arguments are posed, how micro research might actually be applied to macro problems is then discussed and specific examples of such "macropsycho logical research" are provided.
Rotordynamic Modeling of an Actively Controlled Magnetic Bearing Gas Turbine Engine

This paper summarizes the development of a finite element rotordynamic solution used in a closed loop simulation for a magnetic bearing rotor system in a gas turbine engine. A magnetic bearing controlled rotor is analyzed, and the state dynamics matrix [A], the shaft control influence matrix [B], and the sensor matrix [C] are constructed. Bode plots of the state-space transfer function are also constructed and compared to the results of the rotor dynamic model.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Correlation between heart size, cavity volume, and gender with respiratory motion correction for gated Tc-99m cardiac perfusion SPECT/CT

2116 Objectives Gender and heart size have been proposed to impact the accuracy of gated cardiac perfusion (GCP) imaging. We have incorporated respiratory motion (RM) correction in GCP SPECT/CT and are investigating the impact of RMC as a function of gender and heart size. Methods A visual tracking system (VTS) used 7 retro-reflective markers to monitored patient motion during GCP list mode (LM) acquisition on a BrightView SPECT/CT. One marker placed on the abdomen indirectly kept track of diaphragm motion while the remainder was placed to observe body motion. Aligned VTS and GCP LM data were folded down to 100 ms temporal segments while gathering ECG information from the list. In a second pass through the GCP LM the data were similarly framed into 8 cardiac gates. Subsequently all framed data (9 sets) were binned into 7 respiratory amplitude projection sets. The 7 non-gated amplitude projection sets were reconstructed and RM estimated using an intensity-based algorithm. The estimated RM was then used to reconstruct non-gated as well as GCP RM binned at mid-respiration. Investigation was made of the correlation of RM extent with the impact it has on a range of heart sizes, how the cavity volume changed with heart size, and its influence on ejection fraction. Results Thus far 70 consecutive patients of each gender with average body-mass-indexes and age of 34.1 and 61 for females and 32.2 and 58 for males have been studied. Heart size for females were calculated as having a length of 7.3±0.8 cm and a width of 5.7±0.7 cm while the corresponding values for males were 8.3±0.9 cm and 6.6±0.7 cm respectively. These were significantly different at a level of p Conclusions RM has an effect on the GCP metrics. Research Support R01-EB001457 and Philips Healthcare
How to Understand Promotion Criteria for “Traditional” and “Research” Tracks

Congratulations! You have accepted a job offer and, for many of you, uprooted yourself and your family to pursue your academic career. This is a great achievement that is often accompanied by a mix of emotions, ranging from joy and excitement to fear and anxiety. This is a normal reaction to being in a novel situation where the outcome matters a great deal. We all want to do well in our careers, and make a difference for our patients, students, and the communities we serve. However, the blueprint for how to sustain our careers through advancement and promotion is often hard to locate. In part, this difficulty is associated with the unique and diverse positions that each of us holds, making it difficult for institutions to develop a single blueprint that will fit all of us. This said, there are things that we can do to understand the criteria for successful promotion through the ranks, even for those of us who are “one of a kind.” The aim of this chapter is to assist faculty in locating and understanding the criteria for promotion so that a compelling case can be made for advancement.
Simple One-Step Synthesis of Aromatic-Rich Materials with High Concentrations of Hydrothermally Stable Catalytic Sites, Validated by NMR

We report a facile one-step synthesis of aromatic-rich materials that contain high concentrations of Bronsted acidic or basic groups attached via alkyl linkers, which previous work has shown to be particularly hydrothermally stable. The method is based on the Maillard reaction and low-temperature (250 °C) pyrolysis of glucose with primary amines linked to acidic sulfonic or phosphonic functionalities or basic piperidine or pyridine groups. The resulting black, carbon-rich materials were characterized using one- and two-dimensional solid-state 13C and 15N NMR, supplemented by elemental analysis. Synthesis with 13C-enriched glucose enabled a selective NMR characterization of the aromatic scaffold, which is composed mostly of interlinked pyrrole, indole, and pyridine rings. The fraction of sp2-hybridized C in the matrix is 72%; the aromaticity is ∼60% for the sulfonic-acid functionalized material made from glucose and taurine in a 1:1 molar ratio, where sulfur exceeds 11 wt %. The alkyl linkers remained inta...
Synthetic and Structural Studies of the Cyclopentadienyl-Free Yttrium Alkyl Alkoxide and Aryloxide Complexes [(Me3Si)2CH]2Y(μ-OCMe3)2Li(THF) and [Me3SiCH2]2Y(OC6H3tBu2-2,6)(THF)2

YCL{sub 3} reacts with 2 equiv of LiCH(SiMe{sub 3}){sub 2} and 2 equiv of LiOCMe{sub 3} in THF to form the dialkyl dialkoxide complex [(Me{sub 3}Si){sub 2}CH]{sub 2}Y({mu}-OCMe{sub 3}){sub 2}Li(THF), 1. The yttrium in 1 is surrounded by a distorted tetrahedral arrangement of two terminal alkyl groups and two bridging alkoxide groups, and the coordination around lithium is trigonal planar. The reaction of YCl{sub 3} with 2 equiv of LiCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3} and 1 equiv of LiOC{sub 6}H{sub 3}{sup t}Bu{sub 2}-2,6 in THF forms the neutral dialkyl aryloxide complex (Me{sub 3}SiCH{sub 2}){sub 2}Y(OC{sub 6}H{sub 3}{sup t}Bu{sub 2}-2,6)(THF){sub 2} 2. The coordination geometry around yttrium in 2 is a distorted trigonal dipyramid with the THF groups in the apical positions. 61 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA. 1. DEVELOPMENTAL SPEED AND LARVAL SURVIVAL.

Developmental time is a trait of great relevance to fitness in all organisms. In holometabolous species that occupy ephemeral habitat, like Drosophila melanogaster, the impact of developmental time upon fitness is further exaggerated. We explored the trade-offs surrounding developmental time by selecting 10 independent populations from two distantly related selection treatments (CBI5 and COI5) for faster development. After 125 generations, the resulting accelerated populations (ACBI5 and ACOI5) displayed net selection responses for development time of -33.4 hours (or 15%) for ACB and -38.6 hours (or 17%) for ACO. Since most of the change in egg-to-adult developmental time was accounted for by changes in larval duration, the "accelerated" larvae were estimated to develop 25-30% faster than their control/ancestor populations. The responses of ACB and ACO lines were remarkably parallel, despite being founded from populations evolved independently for more than 300 generations. On average, these "A" populations developed from egg to adult in less than eight days and produced fertile eggs less than 24 hours after emerging. Accelerated populations showed no change in larval feeding rate, but a reduction in pupation height, the latter being a trait relating to larval energetic expenditure in wandering prior to pupation. This experiment demonstrates the existence of a negative evolutionary correlation between preadult developmental time and viability, as accelerated populations experienced a severe cost in preadult survivorship. In the final assay generation, viability of accelerated treatments had declined by more than 10%, on average. A diallel cross demonstrated that the loss of viability in the ACO lines was not due to inbreeding depression. These results suggest the existence of a rapid development syndrome, in which the fitness benefits of fast development are balanced by fitness costs resulting from reduced preadult survivorship, marginal larval storage of metabolites, and reduced adult size.
ITERATED LEARNING OF MULTIPLE LANGUAGES FROM MULTIPLE TEACHERS

Language learning is an iterative process, with each learner learning from other learners. Analysis of this process of iterated learning with chains of Bayesian agents, each of whom learns from one agent and teaches the next, shows that it converges to a distribution over languages that reflects the inductive biases of the learners. However, if agents are taught by multiple members of the previous generation, who potentially speak different languages, then a single language quickly dominates the population. In this work, we consider a setting where agents learn from multiple teachers, but are allowed to learn multiple languages. We show that if agents have a sufficiently strong expectation that multiple languages are being spoken, we reproduce the effects of inductive biases on the outcome of iterated learning seen with chains of agents.
The Reliability Evaluation Method for VSC-HVDC System by Considering of Standby Components

In order to evaluate the reliability of the VSC-HVDC system,its structure and subsystems are introduced.Based on the state space method and k-out-of-n(G) model,the reliability models of components,subsystems and whole system of VSC-HVDC system and indices algorithms are proposed.The proposed models can completely reflect the impact of spare components on system reliability.In the end,the models and relative methods are simulated by Matlab,and results show that cold standby components can improve the system energy availability significantly,while hot ones can reduce failure rate of the system.
Ossifying Tumor of the Chest Wall,Lung,Liver and Subcutaneous Tissue: A Case Study

The patient was admitted to the hospital with chest pain, cough, fever and shortness of breath that had lasted 5 days. Twelve years previously, the patient had a painful nodule in his left hand that was diagnosed through a biopsy as parosteal osteosarcoma. After several surgeries, the patient was not cured. Two years later, the patient underwent amputation of 1/3 of the left forearm. At that time, a CT scan of the chest and abdomen showed right pleural effusion and ossifying tumor in the chest wall, lung, intestinal wall, subcutaneous tissue, and liver. Electron microscopy showed bloody pleural effusion, right lung atelectasis, extensive pleural adhesion, and parietal pleural nodules of varied sizes and masses. A biopsy was performed and after the sample was evaluated as a possible tissue-derived mesenchymal malignant tumor and immunohistochemistry was performed, the patient was diagnosed with parosteal osteosarcoma. Parosteal osteosarcoma is a low-grade malignancy. The primary tumor can be surgically resected and rarely recurs within 12 years after surgery. Ossification of a mass of body fat is easily confused with lymphoma and tuberculosis. Recurrence of ossifying tumor may be related to the multi-polarization of the high malignancy. Ossifying tumor does not respond to chemotherapy and its prognosis is poor.
Progress on the genes controlling grain shape of rice

Rice grain size and shape are important components of grain yield and quality,so it is necessary to understand the mechanism of grain development to improve rice yield and quality. The grain shape and size are quantitative trait loci( QTL) controlled by many genes,but each gene inheritance,especially major gene,is also referred to as Mendelian inheritance. Based on this character and facilitated by advancements in genomics and molecular biology,so many QTL and at least 22 genes associated with rice grain traits have been identified. In this review,we examine the genetic basis of rice grain shape,and focus on the functions of the genes that have been cloned,and indicate possible questions.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Children

UNLABELLED This activity is designed for primary care and specialist physicians. GOAL To provide an overview of the unique features and treatment of chronic renal failure in children. OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the diagnosis of chronic renal failure in children. 2. Discuss the medical treatment of chronic renal failure in children. 3. Understand the treatment of end-stage renal disease in children. 4. Discuss the financial impact of caring for a child with chronic renal failure.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF SPERMATOGENESIS IN CESTODES.

An attempt has been made, with the aid of the electron microscope, to clarify one of the many unsolved problems faced by helminthologists: that of spermatogenesis in cestodes. Two worms, Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta , were used in this investigation. The fusion of the germinal cells into cytoplasmic masses in the early stages of spermatogenesis, has made it difficult to classify participating cells as to type with regard to spermatogenesis in other animals. Only on the basis of nuclear size have three types of cells been identified in the cytophores, or cytoplasmic mass. A fourth cell type, the spermatogonium, was readily identified because of its large site and occurrence in groups of cells having one nucleus per cell. It was observed that membrane-bound clefts develop in the cytoplasm in the region of spermatid nuclei and that such clefts eventually enclose the nuclei to become the plasma membrane of the sperm.
Electroencephalography and Bladder Innervation

Combined electroencephalography and cystometry provides the only method presently available to analyze central micturition reflex disturbances. When these techniques are used in sleep cystometry they provide a rational method to evaluate nocturnal enuresis.
Las instituciones gaditanas en Nueva España, 1812-1814

RESUMEN Los novohispanos participaron en una serie de elecciones durante el Antiguo Regimen. Entre ellas, las de ayuntamiento tanto en la republica de indios como en la republica de espanoles, asi como las de corporaciones eclesiasticas, gremios, diputaciones de comercio, tribunal de mineria, etcetera. En 1808, tras la invasion francesa a Espana, los monarcas fueron obligados a abdicar y Jose Bonaparte fue ascendido al trono; entonces la naturaleza de la politica cambio. Aun cuando las autoridades superiores espanolas aceptaron el cambio de dinastia, el pueblo-un nuevo actor politico-no procedio de igual manera. El 2 de mayo de 1808, los residentes de Madrid expulsaron a las tropas francesas de la capital. Su victoria temporal desato una gran revolucion que transformo el mundo hispanico.El pueblo de Espana y America rechazo al usurpador y, atendiendo a la teoria politica tradicional hispanica, mantuvo que en ausencia del rey la soberania recaia en el pueblo. En la Peninsula iberica, las provincias organizaron juntas para gobernarse a si mismas como entidades soberanas independientes. El 25 de septiembre de 1808, estos organismos se unieron para conformar la Junta Suprema Central y Gubernativa del Reino, un gobierno de defensa nacional. Ya que la Junta Central no podria derrotar a los franceses sin la ayuda de America, dicho organismo reconocio la igualdad de los reinos americanos y, en 1809, les ordeno elegir a sus representantes ante el gobierno de la Nacion espanola, como se llamaba ahora a la monarquia. Las elecciones de 1809 constituyeron un paso importante en el camino hacia la formacion de un gobierno representativo moderno para la Nacion espanola entera. Antes de que los recien electos delegados de America pudiesen reunirse con la Junta Central, los franceses renovaron su campana para conquistar la Peninsula iberica. Las victorias francesas de 1809 fueron decisivas y la Junta Central se vio forzada a convocar a las Cortes para que estas gobernaran a la nacion y encabezaran los esfuerzos belicos. El resultado fue que los ayuntamientos de America organizaron otra eleccion en 1810 para elegir a los diputados de un parlamento que se reuniria en Cadiz.
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS BY LEUKEMIC B CELLS AND SOME IMPORTANT PATHOGENETIC FACTORS

ABSTRACT monoclonal proliferation of sIg + B cells is a major feature of chronic lymphocyte leukemia. The leukemic cells were thought to be arrested at an early stage of B cell maturation. Recently it has been demonstrated that in a considerable number of cases, these leukemic cells could be induced to differentiate further in vitro . In certain cases in which a related monoclonal serum Ig band was associated with lymphocytosis, a large number of leukemic cells were induced to mature to plasma cells and to secrete a significant amount of the monoclonal Ig in vitro by the provision of allogeneic helper T cells or other mitogenic factors. The leukemic origin of the maturing cells was ascertained with anti-idiotypic antibodies to the serum Ig bands. In cases without an apparent serum Ig band, other investigators have shown that monoclonal Ig could be demonstrated in the circulation. With an appropriate concentrating procedure involving affinity chemotography a monoclonal Ig band was demonstrated in a case and an anti-idiotypic serum to the Ig band stained the neoplastic B cells of this patient. In some cases of CLL without an apparent Ig band, in vitro induction of leukemic B cells to plasma cells was possible with mitogens. The effects of phorbol ester on CLL cells were confirmed in the present studies. In a rare case of CLL with little or no membrane Ig expression by the leukemia cells, phorbol ester induced marked increase of both membrane and cytoplasmic Ig synthesis. These studies demonstrate the varied responsiveness of leukemic cells to different stimuli and suggest the heterogeneous origin of these cells. It also appears that most CLL leukemic cells are not rigidly frozen at a particular stage of maturation.
Radium-223 Use in Clinical Practice and Variables Associated With Completion of Therapy.

Abstract Background Radium-223 has shown clinical efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Despite improvement in quality of life and survival, practice patterns and utility of this agent outside the context of clinical trials have not been fully characterized. The primary objective in this study was to evaluate variables associated with completion of 5 to 6 radium-223 doses. Patients and Methods We conducted retrospective analyses of patients who received radium-223 (n = 135). Patients were classified into 3 cohorts: 1 to 2, 3 to 4, or 5 to 6 radium-223 doses. We evaluated the association of clinical and laboratory variables with the number of cycles administered (5-6 vs. 1-4 doses). Results Twenty-five patients (18.5%) received 1 to 2 radium-223 doses, 27 (20.0%) received 3 to 4, and 83 (61.5%) received 5 to 6. The most common reasons for treatment discontinuation included disease progression (61.5%, n = 40), patient preference (15.4%, n = 10), and toxicity (10.8%, n = 7). Factors associated with therapy completion in univariate analysis included previous sipuleucel-T treatment ( P = .068), no previous abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment ( P = .007), hemoglobin ≥ lower limit of normal (LLN; P = .006), white blood cell count ≥ LLN ( P = .045), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ LLN ( P = .049), lower alkaline phosphatase ( P = .029), and lower lactate dehydrogenase levels ( P = .014). Factors associated with therapy completion in multivariable analysis included previous sipuleucel-T treatment ( P = .009), hemoglobin ≥ LLN ( P = .037), and ANC ≥ LLN ( P = .029). Conclusion Several clinical parameters are associated with radium-223 therapy completion. In general, these parameters reflect earlier disease stage. These data are hypothesis-generating and prospective testing of the optimal number of radium-223 doses is warranted.
Impact of diverse behavioral theories on environmental management: explorations with daisyworld

Our understanding of human behavior is limited and consequently lacks a standard formal model of human behavior that could represent relevant behavior in social-ecological systems. In this paper we explore the consequences of alternative behavioral models using a simple dynamic system of agents of harvesting daisies in the well-known Daisyworld model. We explore the consequences of different behavioral assumptions and derive optimal tax policies that lead to sustainable outcomes for each of the theories.
Adaptive Management in Superfund

Over the last three decades adaptive management has emerged as one of the most promising innovations in natural resource management and environmental regulation. Yet the possible benefits of this approach for Superfund, which is among the nation’s most expensive and controversial environmental programs, have not been comprehensively explored. A 2003 study by the National Research Council (NRC) represented the first serious effort to apply adaptive management principles to cleanup of contaminated sites, with specific attention to contaminated Navy facilities under Superfund, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and state regulatory statutes (NRC 2003; NRC et al. 2003). This chapter examines adaptive management for Superfund as a whole, including the privately owned sites that predominate within the Superfund universe. It elaborates the principles of adaptive management, explains how these principles might work within the legal and policy framework of Superfund, and explores their implications for managing individual Superfund sites as well as for administering the entire inventory of these sites. In the process, it sheds further light on the potential usefulness of adaptive management, which was developed for management of complex natural ecosystems, for a program dealing with local site contamination in largely urban settings.
National Forces Affecting the Spatial Distribution of Population and Economic Activity in the Post-World-War-II Era

This chapter describes certain economic and demographic forces operating at the national level that have particularly important spatial implications. It focuses on the period from roughly 1965 to 1975 relative to the earlier post-World-War-II years. During the post-World-War-II period, a number of important national forces contributed to the changing spatial distribution of population and of economic activity. The years from approximately 1965 to and beyond 1975 stand distinctly apart from the earlier postwar years as a period during which conditions were such as to encourage disproportionately much spatial redistribution. The chapter highlights the factors that have had their direct or primary impacts on the distribution of population. During the period between 1947 and 1963, the national rate of employment growth appears to have been dominated by the cyclical behavior of the economy. During the period between 1963 and 1975, the influence of cycles on the rate of employment growth is evident; however, until 1974–1975, this influence does not seem dominant. One important cause of the observed differences between the two periods is the high rate of labor force entry as approximately 1963 caused by the aging of the war baby cohort. A second important cause is the coincident rise in labor force participation rates of women.
Abstract 334: PTEN-L regulates epithelial growth and macrophage function

PTEN is among the most frequently mutated and deleted tumor suppressor genes in many malignancies, including breast cancer. An alternatively translated long form of PTEN, termed PTEN-L, has divergent functionality from PTEN, although its function at the organism level has not been studied. Here, we report a knockout mouse with specific ablation of PTEN-L expression but intact expression of PTEN. These mice display mammary ductal hyperplasia characterized by increased luminal growth and increased numbers of macrophages in the surrounding stroma. Macrophages are particularly affected by PTEN-L loss, with significant changes to their secretomes and functional deficiencies in clearing bacterial infections, consistent with a shift toward an M2-like polarization. Overall, these findings demonstrate that PTEN-L has unique functions in regulating mammary epithelial growth and macrophage functionality that are independent of canonical PTEN. Citation Format: Andrew L. Wolfe, Benjamin D. Hopkins, Sebastian A. Riquelme, Kipyegon Kitur, Sait Ozturk, Kyeongah Kang, Romain Remark, Adeeb Rahman, Chyuan-Sheng Lin, Miriam Merad, Matthias Szabolcs, Shu-Hsia Chen, Alice Prince, Ramon Parsons. PTEN-L regulates epithelial growth and macrophage function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 334. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-334
Ecological foraging models as inspiration for optimized recycling systems in the circular economy

Abstract Converting the consumer electronic product system from a linear system to a circular one has a number of key challenges. A mismatch is observed between the rapidly changing devices entering the market and the slowly evolving voluntary design policies, regulations, and e-waste processing business strategies. Conventional electronic waste (e-waste) management systems were historically optimized to extract high-value components from large products that were relatively easy to disassemble, but the products now entering the waste stream are more often light-weight mobile devices that are typically not covered by regulations or do not contain as high a concentration of valuable metals. This article proposes that transformations in the e-waste processing system aimed at closing the material loop should look to the circular processes found in natural ecosystems, which have evolved to optimize closed loop nutrient cycling. Like species in nature, e-waste processors make decisions about where and what to “eat,” balancing a food’s quality and abundance with the energy expended in obtaining it. Adapting the concept of optimal foraging theory, we demonstrate here a conceptual framework that draws parallels between foraging behavior in the ecological and industrial world, evaluates four potential mathematical models that case be applied to the e-waste case, and demonstrate how optimal foraging decisions can guide business, design, and end of life management toward circular economy goals in the consumer electronic system.
Crystal-oriented black phosphorus TFETs with strong band-to-band-tunneling anisotropy and subthreshold slope nearing the thermionic limit

We present black phosphorus (BP) TFETs with transport directions aligned to the armchair and zigzag crystal orientations of a 9 nm BP channel fabricated using a triple-gate device structure. Strong (∼104) band-to-band-tunneling anisotropy is observed between the two crystal orientations. Furthermore, we observe a subthreshold slope nearing the thermionic limit of 22 mV/dec at 110 K, a step towards realizing subthermionic SS in BP-TFETs.
Associations between opioid and nicotine dependence in nationally representative samples of United States adult daily smokers.

Abstract Introduction Smoking prevalence among adults with opioid dependence far exceeds that of the general population, and cessation outcomes in this group are one-fourth that of smokers without a substance use disorder. Understanding the reasons underlying these poor outcomes is critical for developing more effective smoking interventions in this group. Elevated baseline severity of nicotine dependence is associated with lower rates of smoking cessation over time. We examined whether nicotine dependence severity among smokers may vary as a function of opioid dependence status using nationally representative samples of adult smokers. Methods Data were derived from multiple years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2006–2014; n = 58,971). Nicotine dependence was measured by the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and the first item (i.e., time to first cigarette) of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Opioid dependence was assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Results Opioid-dependent smokers exhibited greater severity of nicotine dependence compared to non-opioid dependent smokers, as evidenced by higher mean NDSS scores (p Conclusions Opioid dependence is associated with increased severity and prevalence of nicotine dependence among smokers. Considering the disproportionate societal and economic burdens of smoking and smoking-related consequences in this vulnerable population, continued investigations are needed to better understand opioid-dependent individuals’ poor cessation outcomes.
SPAG17 Is Required for Male Germ Cell Differentiation and Fertility

Spag17 encodes a protein present in the axoneme central pair complex of motile cilia and flagella. A mutation in this gene has been reported to be associated with infertility caused by defects in sperm motility. Here, we report that Spag17 knockout mice are infertile because of a severe defect in spermatogenesis. The histological evaluation of testis sections from mutant mice revealed seminiferous tubules with spermatogenesis arrested at the spermatid stage and cell debris in the cauda epididymis. The few sperm collected from the cauda epididymis were immotile and displayed abnormal tail and head morphology. Immunofluorescence analysis of Spag17 knockout germ cells showed spermatids with abnormally long manchette structures and morphological defects in the head. Electron microscopy showed altered manchette microtubules, reduced chromatin condensation, irregular nuclear shape, and detached acrosomes. Additionally, the transport of proteins (Pcdp1 and IFT20) along the manchette microtubules was disrupted in the knockout elongating spermatids. Our results show for the first time that Spag17 is essential for normal manchette structure, protein transport, and formation of the sperm head and flagellum, in addition to its role in sperm motility.
18 – Overview of Polymer Recycling Technologies

With the unabated growth of plastics usage in our daily life, plastics recycling appears to be the most promising method to meet the future demands for polymeric materials. Starting in the 1970s, plastics recycling has grown slowly but steadily. The learning process has been tough, but the future is bright. It rests on safe grounds because it uses environmentally undesirable feedstock, conserves our limited fossil resources, uses less energy compared to virgin plastics, and, on the whole, solves our waste disposal problem.
Incidence and risk factors of thrombocytopenia in critically ill trauma patients.

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of thrombocytopenia (<100 platelets × 103/mm3) and potential risk factors, including medications, associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in critical...
Pharmacotherapy for Depression in Children and Adolescents

Knowledge in child psychiatry is generated primarily from two sources, systematic research and clinical practice. These two activities create different kinds of knowledge that are collected and communicated in distinct ways. Research-generated knowledge tends to be gathered at academic institutions and is disseminated largely through articles in scientific journals, meeting presentations, and textbooks. Clinical knowledge is amassed through practice and experience and tends to be imparted through “hands-on” training activities. Much of psychiatry in general, and child psychiatry in particular, is taught via an apprenticeship model, largely to facilitate the transfer of clinical knowledge across generations of physicians.
An Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers’ Previous Mathematics Learning Experience from Elementary School to College and How It Relates to Attitudes and Beliefs about Mathematics Learning and Teaching

The purpose of the present study is to investigate pre-service teachers’ previous mathematics learning experience from elementary school to college and how it relates to their attitudes and beliefs about mathematics learning and teaching. Data were collected over two semesters from a total of 67 pre-service teachers in a mathematics methods course at a mid-Western university. The results indicate that different mathematics learning tools or strategies were emphasized at different grade levels. While a few strategies that support meaningful learning showed consistent growth in their use at higher grade levels, memorization remained a heavily used strategy at all grade levels. Certain research-proven strategies (manipulatives, illustrations, measurement) were used less often at higher grade levels. Regarding the relationship between previous learning experience and current mathematics-related attitudes and beliefs, we found very limited support. Findings were discussed and educational implications were provided. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.17.8.1
A Novel Robotic System for Finishing of Freeform Surfaces

Surface finishing of freeform surfaces is predominately a manual operation that requires a considerable amount of operator skill; automation of this process has many benefits, including consistent surface quality, preventing hazardous exposure to particulate, etc. A novel robotic surface finishing system, consisting of a robot and an end-effector that includes a force sensor, finishing tool, and proximity laser sensor, is developed in this paper to automate the surface finishing process. The laser sensor is treated as an additional link, and based on it a novel perception system is developed for real-time scanning of the surface that provides the surface profile mesh and the corresponding normal vectors which can be used directly by the robot closed-loop control system for pose tracking. A unique feature of the perception system is that the geometry of the surface profile and normal vectors are all obtained in real-time in the robot base coordinate system, thus eliminating issues such as precise registration of the work piece in the fixture and its location with respect to the robot base coordinates. An impedance-type closed-loop control algorithm is developed for pose tracking. The proposed system and control algorithm are employed to conduct surface finishing experiments on wooden surfaces. A representative sample of the results and measurement images of surface finish are provided to illustrate the capabilities of the robotic surface finishing system. A video of the system in operation is also provided.
Efficient hybrid microjet liquid cooled heat sinks made of photopolymer resin: thermo-fluid characteristics and entropy generation analysis

Abstract In this contribution, an investigation on the performance of a hybrid design of active liquid cooled heat sinks is presented. A numerical analysis was performed via 3-D CFD simulations of a set of hybrid microjet heat sinks formed by a pair of fractal channel manifolds, used as liquid inlet and outlet conduits (manufactured in stereolithographic resin), an array of impinging microjets for uniform cooling, and a metallic heat spreader attached to a heat source. The pressure losses generated by the small channels in the manifolds were targeted for minimization using various structural modifications, while the metallic heat spreader in contact with the heat source was optimized for improving the cooling capabilities of the heat sink. A parametric analysis was conducted to determine the improvements in the overall performance; additionally, a local entropy generation analysis was conducted to obtain a heat sink design with the lowest intrinsic irreversibility. The entropy generation rates were obtained by coupling a local entropy generation model with the governing equations in the CFD simulations. The results obtained from the entropy generation analysis indicated that the major irreversibility source is the heat transfer in the metallic heat spreader. The addition of area-enhancement features, such as microchannels and pin fins to the original heat spreader led to increasing the cooling capabilities of the hybrid heat sinks. The implementation of the entropy generation analysis allowed to identify the local sources of irreversibility and the impact of the hydrodynamic and thermal deficiencies in the operation of the heat sink. Lastly, an overall performance indicator (PPTR) enabled a proper assessment of the thermo-fluid response of the heat sinks and the results drawn from this parameter matched the fundamental observations obtained from the entropy generation analysis.
An accurate molecular method to sex elephants using PCR amplification of Amelogenin gene

Abstract The use of molecular methods to identify the sex of elephants from non-invasive samples is essential for studies of population dynamics and population genetics. We designed a new technique for sex identification in savannah elephants using Amelogenin (AMEL) genes. The X-Y homologs of AMEL genes is known to be suitable for sex determination in pigs and some bovids. In this study on savannah elephants, the use of AMEL genes was more successful than previous methods that relied on genes found exclusively on Y-chromosomes, such as SRY, to distinguish males from females. We designed a common forward primer and two reverse primers for X- and Y-specific AMEL genes to obtain 262 bp and 196 bp PCR amplicons from X and Y genes, respectively. We tested the primers for the identification of the sex of 132 savannah elephants from fecal samples. The sex of 126 individuals (95.45%) matched observational data, while 6 (4.54%) did not match. This discrepancy observed was likely due to observational errors in the field, where high grass reduces the ability to accurately sex young individuals. Through our stool sample results, we have shown that the use of only three primers for AMELX/Y provides a highly accurate PCR-based method for sex identification in savannah elephants. The method is fast and shows more success than the SRY system by avoiding the inherent ambiguities of the previous PCR-based methods that made it difficult to distinguish between female samples and failed amplification reactions. Our sex identification method is non-invasive and can potentially be applied in population genetic studies and forensics tests on both savannah as well as forest elephants.
The Wolf and the Street: Narrative Encounters with Mathematics

I was invited to this conference to present the results of an old experiment, a twenty year old exploration of narrative and mathematics, in the form of a collection of fairy tales.
Case 45. Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type (PCDLBCL-LT) Treated with Bcl-2 Inhibitor, Venetoclax

The treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still limited and gets particularly difficult when traditional methods have failed. Abdulla and colleagues presented a case when a patient with DLBCL responded to an oral Bcl-2 inhibitor.