cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stories of Growth and Wisdom: A Mixed-Methods Study of People Living Well with Pain:

Chronic pain remains a daunting clinical challenge, affecting 30% of people in the United States and 20% of the global population. People meeting this challenge by achieving wellbeing while living with pain are a virtually untapped source of wisdom about this persistent problem. Employing a concurrent mixed-methods design, we studied 80 people living with chronic pain with “positive stories to tell” using semi-structured interviews and standardized questionnaires. In-depth interviews focused on what helped, what hindered, how they changed, and advice for others in similar circumstances. Major qualitative themes included acceptance, openness, self-efficacy, hope, perseverance, self-regulation, kinesthetic awareness, holistic approaches and integrative therapies, self-care, spirituality, social support, and therapeutic lifestyle behaviors such as music, writing, art, gardening, and spending time in nature. Themes of growth and wisdom included enhanced relationships, perspective, clarity, strength, gratitude...
Detection of Fresh Cervical Tissue Autofluorescence with Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

The goal of this study was to image fresh cervical tissue slices with laser scanning confocal microscopy and capture autofluorescence from the epithelium and stroma. Images show distinct patterns in epithelial and stromal autofluorescence.
Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Microbarriers for Controlling Release and Reactivity in Colloidal Liquid Phases.

Two-dimensional materials are of great interest as high-performance molecular barriers. Graphene in particular is atomically thin, is impermeable to all molecules, and in some forms can be easily deposited over large areas into planar multilayer films that have been shown to suppress molecular transport. Graphene and graphene oxide sheets are also known to spontaneously self-assemble at liquid–liquid interfaces on the surfaces of dispersed droplets, but much less is known about the barrier properties of these ultrathin films in 3D curved microgeometries. This article demonstrates that 3D films self-assembled from graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide sheets can be exploited to control the release of small molecules from dispersed liquid phase droplets by evaporation. The release rate and containment time can be tuned by addition of multivalent cations that recruit additional sheets from the bulk liquid to the interface, which is shown by molecular dynamics to occur by an electrostatic bridging mechanis...
Archival Developments in the Lutheran Churches in the United States

a unified organization. There are now in this country three large but loosely knit Lutheran bodies: The Synodical Conference, the American Lutheran Conference, and the United Lutheran Church. This organization, with its many subdivisions as indicated below, has evolved only after many divisions and shifts among the component bodies. Two significant factors must be considered in appraising the archives of Lutheran churches in the United States. First, their archives by no means exhaust the historical evidences of these denominations. The Lutheran churches in Europe were State churches, and the State archives supplement those of the church. In this country many of the early church records are likewise inextricably tied up with records of the local and Federal Governments because, as a rule, colonial leaders were prominent in both church and government. The second factor demanding consideration is that none of the synods is old in the historical sense. The Wisconsin Synod (a part of the Synodical Conference), for example, did not reach its iooth anniversary until 1950. In most organizations, governmental or otherwise, no concerted systematized provisions for archival management are normally made during their early periods, and this was the case in the Lutheran churches. It is the practice among Lutheran churches for each parish to be responsible for its own records. The constitution, rules, or bylaws of individual congregations usually, if not always, make the preservation of records mandatory upon the pastor. Records are usually
Private funding of political campaigns: comparative analysis of the law in the United States and in Brazil

The topic of the present paper involves the law of private campaign finance, the regulation of the amount of money that individuals, legal entities or private groups can devote to support a preferred candidate or political party. The US Supreme Court has been showing a trend of abolishing limits on election spending. On the other hand, the Brazilian Supremo Tribunal Federal issued a partial decision on April 2 nd , 2014 striking down the Brazilian framework of campaign financing by individuals and legal entities. In this article I engage in a comparative study of both jurisdictions to try to understand if and how each of them differs in the understanding of subjects that are relevant for the resolution of the issue of private campaign funding. ---------------- O topico do presente artigo envolve a legislacao de financiamento privado de campanhas, a regulacao da quantidade de dinheiro que individuos, entidades legais ou grupos privados pode destinar para o apoio de algum candidato ou partido de sua predilecao. A corte Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos tem apresentado uma tendencia de abolir limites a gastos em eleicoes. Por outro lado, O Supremo Tribunal Federal, proferiu uma decisao parcial no dia 2 de Abril de 2014 atacando o quadro legislativo do financiamento de campanha por individuos e entidades legais. Neste artigo, empreenderei um estudo comparativo das duas jurisdicoes para buscar compreender se e como cada uma delas diverge no entendimento de materias relevantes a solucao da questao do financiamento privado de campanhas.
Bread/head: Morphology of an encounter

There is an encounter between two isomorphic things at the center of many fifteenth- and sixteenth-century representations of the mass: the meeting of the Eucharistic wafer and the celebrant’s tonsure. By strategically juxtaposing the two or replacing the one with the other, the artists who orchestrate these encounters insist that the shared whiteness and roundness of these two objects not be overlooked. But no one seems to have noticed. Or, at least, no one seems to have cared enough to commit their noticing to paper. In this article, I take the encounter between the bread and the head if not entirely seriously – since that would miss its ever so slightly off-color humor – still very much to heart, as an instance of what Roland Barthes calls a ‘perfectly spherical metaphor.’
Neue Kultur in neuer Struktur

Klassische Wettbewerbsfaktoren fur eine Fertigung in Deutschland sind typischerweise Lohn- bzw. Gehaltsstrukturen, Arbeitszeitmodelle, tarifpolitische Bestimmungen, Krankeits- bzw. Urlaubszeiten, Automatisierungsgrad usw. Zusatzlich hierzu gibt es jedoch noch eine Anzahl von “Soff”-Faktoren, deren Einflus nur allzu oft unterschatzt oder ganz auser Acht gelassen wird. Hierzu zahlen insbesondere der Grad der Zielorientierung, die Sichtbarkeit des Einzelbeitrags jedes Mitarbeiters zum Erreichen des Unternehmensziels, die Glaubwurdigkeit der Grundwerte und Unternehmensziele und damit der Gesamtmotivationsgrad der Belegschaft.
Production medicine considerations for enhanced reproductive performance in beef herds.

Successful production medicine programs employ program goals, data collection, data analYSis, data interpretation, and decision management to provide complete analysis of accurate data. This analysis can be used not only for retrospective evaluation of herd production but also for forward planning to provide practical management alternatives to the producer in order to develop a step-by-step approach for obtaining the program goals. Considerations for implementing and maintaining such a program are presented.
The ABCs of DNA

Molecular techniques are being used increasingly to provide diagnostic and prognostic information about patient specimens. This article provides the information necessary to begin to understand the molecular basis of such testing. We will discuss some of the chemical and physical properties of DNA that can be exploited to provide useful clinical information. DNA is a double-stranded molecule, with the strands arranged in opposite or antiparallel fashion. These strands can be separated, or denatured, to allow access to the information contained within each strand. After these strands have been denatured, several laboratory techniques can be used to examine the structural information encoded therein. We also discuss methods for extracting DNA from tissues and cells and some of the basic laboratory tools and techniques used in working with DNA.
The Nursing Problems and Countermeasures of Chemiotherapy for Outpatients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: To discuss the nursing problems and countermeasures of chemiotherapy for the outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis to improve the nursing qualities. Methods: The nursing work for the 3521outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis during the past 10 years were retrospectively analyzed. Furthermore,the nursing problems and solutions to them were discussed based on the nursing study in order to find out the the new ideas and methods in the nursing work. Results: The characteristic and the main problems were identified in the treatment for the outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis,which helps to formulate a series of efficient nursing scheme to make the countermeasures more perfect. Conclusion: The primary goal of pulmonary tuberculosis nursing is to ensure standard medication and prevent discontinuing medication.
Surgical Management of Voice Disorders

Voice disorders are frequently seen in the pediatric population. They can have significant impact on the patient. Voice disorders may result from aberrations in the speech mechanism. The salient features of four common voice disorders and their clinical relevance are discussed.
Treatment of in-transit melanoma: an opportunity to discover critical knowledge.

While patients with in-transit disease represent a wide spectrum of disease that requires individualized therapy, great opportunity exists to learn from our treatment interventions in these individuals.
Adult Friendship: Examples of Intercultural Patterns

Intercultural friendship provides one of the main avenues for meaningful interpersonal contact and is considered a catalyst for successful sojourn experiences and positive attitudes toward the host...
Politics and Voodoo During the Duvalier Era

One of the most intriguing aspects of Haitian governmental politics during the Duvalier era was its pervasive ramifications and far-reaching influence on the Voodoo belief system and its co-optation of local Voodoo leaders (Manigat 1964). It is not possible to fully understand the functioning of local Haitian politics over the past two decades without paying attention to the pivotal role played by some Tontons Macoutes (militiamen), who were also influential Voodoo priests in their communities (Diederich and Burt 1969; Laguerre 1982a). During the administrations of Francois ‘Papa Doc’ [1957–71] and Jean-Claude ‘Baby Doc’ [1971–86] Duvalier, Voodoo became so central in the organisation of the Haitian political system that its political content deserves further analysis.1
Detrital geochronology of pre-Mississippian strata in the northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: Insights into the tectonic evolution of northern Laurentia

The Arctic Alaska terrane of northern Alaska and Yukon is one of several exotic terranes in the North American Cordillera with putative early Paleozoic connections to the northern Caledonian-Appalachian orogen. The U-Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar isotopic data from detrital minerals in pre-Mississippian sedimentary units of the northeastern Brooks Range are presented here to investigate the consequences of Caledonian orogenesis on sediment dispersal trends and the paleogeography of northern Laurentia. Neoproterozoic–Cambrian siliciclastic rocks of the informal Firth River group and the Neruokpuk Formation were most likely deposited along a passive margin that sourced Archean and Paleoproterozoic basement rocks of the Canadian shield and reworked Mesoproterozoic and younger sedimentary units. These strata are overlain by a Lower Ordovician–Lower Devonian succession of fine-grained siliciclastic turbidites, herein referred to as the Clarence River group, which records a prominent shift in provenance most likely associated with the onset of the Caledonian-Appalachian orogeny in northeast Laurentia. U-Pb detrital zircon age populations of ca. 470–420 and 990–820 Ma, along with 40 Ar/ 39 Ar detrital muscovite ages of ca. 470–430 Ma, support provenance connections with the East Greenland Caledonides, Pearya, and Svalbard. Partially reset 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages in these sedimentary successions are linked to low-grade metamorphism associated with the Early–Middle Devonian Romanzof orogeny, a poorly understood tectonic event in the Brooks Range that is possibly associated with the emplacement of an allochthonous oceanic assemblage, herein named the Whale Mountain allochthon.
Die Zahl Sechs

Formal ist die Zahl 6 schon deshalb eine vollkommene Zahl, weil die Summe aller ihrer Faktoren 1, 2 und 3 (auser ihr selbst) gleich ihr selbst ist. Allerdings scheint es auch strukturelle und asthetische Anzeichen dafur zu geben, dass die 6 vollkommen ist. Bienen bauen ihre Waben sechseckig, und in Lebensmittelladen werden Apfelsinen im Sechseckgitter gestapelt. Lassen Sie sich also von der Zahl 6 verhexen.
Fukushima Daiichi Today

Fukushima Daiichi Units 1–3 were heavily damaged during the March 2011 disaster and are complete losses. Unit 4 suffered less severe damage, but its reactor building was destroyed by a hydrogen explosion caused by a shared ventilation line with Unit 3. Units 5 and 6 remain intact, but will never operate again due to the overall contamination at the Fukushima site. Approximately 88,000 Japanese citizens were evacuated after the Fukushima accident. As of 2015, some of these residents have been allowed to return, but many sites remain too highly contaminated for human occupancy.
Performing the Difficult Cholecystectomy Using Combined Endoscopic and Robotic Techniques: How I Do It

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard of care for cholelithiasis as well as cholecystitis. However, in the setting of Mirizzi syndrome or gangrenous cholecystitis where the critical view cannot be ascertained, subtotal cholecystectomy may be necessary. Using the robot-assisted approach, difficult cholecystectomies can be performed upfront without need for partial cholecystectomy. Even in the setting of Mirizzi syndrome where severe scarring and fibrosis are evident, definitive cholecystectomy and takedown of the cholechystocholedochal fistula can be performed in a safe and feasible fashion following successful endoscopic common bile duct stent placement. The purposes of this report are to review the history of Mirizzi syndrome as well as its traditional and novel treatment techniques and highlight technical pearls of the robotic approach to this diagnosis.
Genomic stability of pulmonary artery endothelial colony-forming cells in culture:

Pulmonary vascular remodeling, including proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC), is a pathologic hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Multiple studie...
Single-molecule DNA hybridization on nanoporous gold nanoparticle array chip

DNA hybridization, where two single-stranded DNA molecules form duplex through sequence-specific interactions, is a fundamental biological process. To gain better understanding, sequence-specific detection of hybridization at the singlemolecule level has been instrumental and can find a wide variety of applications. Nanoporous gold nanoparticle (NPGNP) array chip features large specific surface area and high-density plasmonic field enhancement known as “hot-spots” that are attractive in nanoplasmonic sensor development. In this paper, we discuss results on detecting single-molecule DNA hybridization on functionalizing NPG-NP array chip with unique bio-recognition elements towards both high sensitivity and specificity.
Does the Endowment Effect Prevail When Traders Act Strategically

Trading is more than a personal valuation of own property. Traders try to anticipate the WTP potential buyers have for the good they want to sell. They do not focus on the value the entitlement has for them, their personal valuation is only a reservation price. The law analyzes the Endowment Effect because it wants to protect gains from trade; most economic and psychological Endowment Effect studies by contrast are concerned with a different question: They test theories of preference formation; unlike in trading behavior they focus the participants on their entitlement to demonstrate that valuation depends on ownership and expectations. We show in this study that an experimental design that focuses the subjects' attention on their good elevates the size of the Endowment Effect and can mislead the legal debate. Our experiment provides the subjects with incentives for strategic behavior. As typical for trading, the participants can earn more if they ask for a price that exceeds their personal valuation of the good they are endowed with. The incentives shift the attention of the subjects to the potential WTP of the buyer. The results we find show that the cognitively more complex trading task weakens the owners' occupation with their entitlement and significantly decreases their loss aversion. Our findings should apply to most business transactions, as strategic behavior is very common in professional relationships. The study suggests that the Endowment Effect is likely less prominent in real markets than often suggested and that private ordering may seldom need legal protection against it.
Considerable interest in pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among men who have sex with men recruited from a popular geosocial-networking smartphone application in London

Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use smartphone applications (apps) to meet sexual partners represent a high-risk subset of MSM. As such, the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may be highly suitable. The purpose of the study was to evaluate awareness of and willingness to use PrEP among 179 HIV-uninfected MSM recruited in London who use these apps. Regression models were fit to assess the associations between perceived barriers and willingness to use PrEP in the future. Most (84.9%) had heard of PrEP and more than half (57.1%) were willing to use PrEP in the future if it were to become available. Low perceived risk for acquiring HIV (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 0.33) and concerns about PrEP-related side effects (PR: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.04) were associated with being unwilling to use PrEP. Efforts to make PrEP widely available should be continued. Uptake interventions should focus on correcting self-perceptions of HIV risk and educate MSM about the potential side effects of PrEP use so that MSM can make more informed decisions about prevention options.
Higher order approximating normals and their impact on isosurface shading accuracy

Two alternatives to the standard (central differencing) method for estimating normals of Marching Cubes isosurfaces are considered. The methods are based on higher order approximations of dataset gradients. Of primary concern here are the effects of these methods on rendering quality, which is evaluated here through pixel-by-pixel comparisons of typical-fidelity isosurfaces versus high-fidelity rendering achievable from analytically derived formulae. The evaluations also consider effects of noise on isosurface rendering quality for renderings based on standard versus higher order gradients.
R&D intensity, financing cost and antidumping

ABSTRACTExisting studies have established a stylized fact that worldwide antidumping (AD) activity is concentrated in R&D intensive industries. We build on this issue and analyse the effect of the ...
Targeted Screening and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease

The National Kidney Foundation’s (NKF) Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) is a public service program that addresses the gaps in chronic kidney disease (CKD) awareness and care. This free, voluntary, community-based program is designed to screen people at risk of CKD and promote CKD awareness among primary healthcare providers and the public. The primary objective of KEEP is to identify individuals at risk of CKD at a time when appropriate intervention has the potential to markedly slow and potentially prevent progression to kidney failure, as well as to reduce cardiovascular events.
Fuzzy Probabilities/Arrival Rates

The first thing to do is explain how we will get fuzzy probabilities, which will be fuzzy numbers, from a set of confidence intervals. This is done in the next section. Next we discuss how we can obtain fuzzy numbers for arrival rates and for service rates in Section 3.3. Then we discuss “restricted fuzzy arithmetic” in Section 3.5. Throughout this book whenever we wish to find the α-cut of a fuzzy probability, or a certain fuzzy number, we usually need to solve an optimization problem. We discuss this computation problem in more detail in Section 3.6. The last section is about how we constructed figures of fuzzy probabilities, or certain fuzzy numbers, using Maple [10], or LaTeX2 ɛ .
The Civil Rights Remedy of the 1994 Violence Against Women Act: Struck Down but Not Ruled Out

The 1994 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was historic in many respects. Although federal legislation previously had addressed violence against women in a smattering of contexts, VAWA represented the first federal attempt comprehensively to address the myriad social and legal problems faced by victims of domestic and sexual violence. Perhaps the most controversial of VAWA's provisions was its civil rights remedy, which authorized a civil cause of action against the perpetrator modeled after other federal civil rights laws. The remedy sought both practical and aspirational goals: to afford a cause of action to victims who otherwise would be denied relief; and to transform the terms of debate in which domestic and sexual violence was framed. The Supreme Court struck down the law as an unconstitutional exercise of Congressional power in United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000). This article reviews and analyzes legal theories and strategies that remain available to those seeking redress for the civil rights violations violence against women produces. It briefly summarizes the civil rights remedy's history and reviews the analogous laws still available to victims. The article discusses new laws and legislative proposals modeled after the VAWA civil rights remedy but enacted by states and localities; state statutes that authorize civil recovery for bias-motivated violence, some of which have pre-dated VAWA; and both traditional and newly enacted laws prohibiting violent discrimination that interferes with victims' civil rights and prevents their economic independence and full civic participation.
Neonatal and Infantile Apnea

Prolonged sleep apnea, defined as apnea greater than 20 sec or less than 20 sec if accompanied by bradycardia,1 has been described in premature infants for many years2–4 and more recently in young infants5–10 and in older children.11–20 Long—term effects attributed to this condition range from neurologic abnormalities to death. Banker and Larroche, in autopsy studies of preterm infants who had experienced repeated episodes of prolonged apnea and cyanosis, noted diffuse neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex, leukomalacia in periventricular watershed zones, and spasticity in two of three infants who survived for longer than 1 month after the cyanotic event. In autopsy studies of full—term infants whose hypoxic episode occurred between 2 and 52 weeks of age, they described subcortical leukomalacia. They theorized that the specific brain lesions in the two groups of infants occur because the affected regions are border zones and have a tenuous arterial blood supply from the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries.21 Lou recently documented that cerebral perfusion pressure in the premature infant is mainly dependent on systemic blood pressure and that auto—regulation of smooth muscle tone in vessels is not present.22 This observation strengthens the argument that these areas are extremely susceptible to hypoxic injury.
Distributed Processing of SETI Data

As you have read in prior chapters, researchers have been performing progressively more sensitive SETI searches since 1960. Each search has been limited by the technologies available at the time. As radio frequency technologies have become more efficient and computers have become faster, the searches have increased in capacity and become more sensitive. Often the limits of the hardware that performs the calculations required to process the telescope data in order to expose any embedded signals is what limits the sensitivity of the search. Shortly before the start of the 21st century, projects began to appear that exploited the processing capabilities of computers connected to the Internet in order to solve problems that required a large amount of computing power. The SETI@home project, managed by myself and a group of researchers at the Space Sciences Laboratory of the University of California, Berkeley, was the first attempt to use large-scale distributed computing to solve the problems of performing a sensitive search for narrow band radio signals from extraterrestrial civilizations. (Korpela et al., 2001) A follow-on project, Astropulse, searches for extraterrestrial signals with wider bandwidths and shorter time durations. Both projects are ongoing at the present time (mid-2010).
Treatment of Renal Artery Stenosis and Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Interventions for renal arterial disease are primarily driven by functional consequences of the disease. These are poorly controlled hypertension, increasing renal dysfunction (often associated with loss of renal mass), and, more recently, control of congestive heart failure. The dominant causes are atherosclerotic stenosis and fibromuscular dysplasia. Good interventional technique allows for precise definition of the lesions, safe intervention, and appropriate interpretation of the end result. Strict adherence to the gold standard indications for intervention results in good long-term functional results.
Campus Life for Southern Black Students in the Mid-Twentieth Century

This chapter discusses the experiences of black students at southern historically black and predominantly white institutions in the middle of the twentieth century. Williamson-Lott focuses on a subset of student activists and the organizations they created to force change at their institutions and in society. Whether in student government associations, multiracial organizations, or black-oriented groups, black student activists and their white allies demanded that their institutions participate in ameliorating America’s social, political, and economic ills. By doing so, they helped narrow the distance between ebony and ivory towers and society, and forever changed the role of higher education in societal reform.
Opioid Prescribing Practices After Isolated Pilon Fractures

The purpose of our study was to identify the opioid-prescribing practices after operative treatment of isolated pilon fractures at a level 1 trauma center. Patients ≥ 18 years of age with an operatively treated isolated pilon fracture between 2005 and 2015 were identified. Total morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) were then calculated. Mean and standard deviations were calculated for patients without a history of opiate use and for patients with a history of opiate use within 1 year prior to injury. Data were obtained from the State Controlled Substance Monitoring Database. Seventy-two patients met our inclusion criteria; of these, 54% (39/72) were opiate exposed at the time of injury. Median MMEs prescribed were 2738 (range 375 to 12,360). Orthopedic providers prescribed 61% of all the MMEs (median 2010; range 113 to 6825), while nonorthopedic providers prescribed a median of 338 MMEs (range 0 to 10,080) (p < .05). Combined, patients with exposure 1 year before the injury received more MMEs (median 3600; range 840 to 12,360) than opiate-naive patients (median 2520; range 375 to 10,610) (p < .05). Twenty-eight (38.9%) patients continued using opiates for more than 6 months after their injury; 25% (7/28) were not previously exposed. There is great variability regarding the quantity of opiates being prescribed after isolated pilon fractures, and 39% of opiate prescriptions are coming from nonorthopedic prescribers. Opiate-exposed patients are more likely to be prescribed more opiates by orthopedists and outside physicians and for a longer duration. We believe that adequate pain control can be obtained by prescribing 40 pills of oxycodone 10 mg with a maximum of 1 additional refill. In cases in which a staged procedure is planned, an additional refill is expected (total of 3 refills).
The Judicial Role in the Evolution of American Federalism

Inevitablement, els sistemes federalistes necessiten processos a traves dels quals es puguin resoldre les discussions sobre l'assignacio de poder entre els governs nacionals i regionals. L'eleccio que un pais fa pel que fa a l'autoritat institucional que ha de resoldre tals discussions es critica. En el context del federalisme america, la historia demostra que tals discussions s'han resolt principalment per mitja de la via judicial.De manera significativa, el text constitucional mateix sovint disposa nomes d'una minima orientacio per resoldre si les afirmacions concretes de poder, normalment per part del Govern central, son consequents amb l'estructura constitucional. Ates que, de conformitat amb el poder de revisio judicial, els tribunals federals tenen l'ultima paraula amb relacio al significat de la Constitucio, aquesta indeterminacio ha atorgat al Tribunal un gran poder i discrecio a l'hora de donar forma als contorns del federalisme america. Com a consequencia, el poder federal ha fluctuat substancialment a traves de la historia americana i ha depes en gran part de les actituds judicials, les preferencies personals i l�orientacio politica dels jutges.
Learning in Democracy: Deliberation and Activism as Forms of Education

The press and scholars alike often bemoan the failure of civil public deliberation. Yet this insistence on civility excludes people who engage in adversarial tactics, limiting the ideas that are heard within deliberation. Drawing on a deliberative dialogue that occurred in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the aftermath of the deadly White Supremacist rally of 2017, this article reveals how the capacity of deliberation to be inclusive of diverse voices depends upon deliberators’ orientation to learn from people who do not participate in deliberation. While much scholarship attends to learning for democracy, as in the preparation of young citizens, this article shows the significance of learning in democracy, as in the capacity of adults to learn in the midst of political strife.
Labeling Topics with Images Using a Neural Network

Topics generated by topic models are usually represented by lists of t terms or alternatively using short phrases or images. The current state-of-the-art work on labeling topics using images selects images by re-ranking a small set of candidates for a given topic. In this paper, we present a more generic method that can estimate the degree of association between any arbitrary pair of an unseen topic and image using a deep neural network. Our method achieves better runtime performance O(n) compared to \(O(n^2)\) for the current state-of-the-art method, and is also significantly more accurate.
Maximizing ENSO as a source of western US hydroclimate predictability

Until recently, the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was considered a reliable source of winter precipitation predictability in the western US, with a historically strong link between extreme El Nino events and extremely wet seasons. However, the 2015–2016 El Nino challenged our understanding of the ENSO-precipitation relationship. California precipitation was near-average during the 2015–2016 El Nino, which was characterized by warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of similar magnitude compared to the extreme 1997–1998 and 1982–1983 El Nino events. We demonstrate that this precipitation response can be explained by El Nino’s spatial pattern, rather than internal atmospheric variability. In addition, observations and large-ensembles of regional and global climate model simulations indicate that extremes in seasonal and daily precipitation during strong El Nino events are better explained using the ENSO Longitude Index (ELI), which captures the diversity of ENSO’s spatial patterns in a single metric, compared to the traditional Nino3.4 index, which measures SST anomalies in a fixed region and therefore fails to capture ENSO diversity. The physically-based ELI better explains western US precipitation variability because it tracks the zonal shifts in tropical Pacific deep convection that drive teleconnections through the response in the extratropical wave-train, integrated vapor transport, and atmospheric rivers. This research provides evidence that ELI improves the value of ENSO as a predictor of California’s seasonal hydroclimate extremes compared to traditional ENSO indices, especially during strong El Nino events.
Computing Determinants by Double-Crossing

Dodgson's method of computing determinants is attractive, but fails if an interior entry of an intermediate matrix is zero. This paper reviews Dodgson's method and introduces a generalization, the ...
Building Community and Identity Among Black Latter-day Saints: Toward Completing the Flock Through Conference Connections

Rather than a detached academic essay, this chapter offers a personal account of my own irregular journey as a Black member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, similar in general terms, I believe, to the experiences of many other Black Latter-day Saints. My account emphasizes the particular, simultaneous problem of finding and strengthening a positive identity as both a Black person in American society at large as well as being a Black member of a church burdened by a past history of racial discrimination. In my journey I have discovered the restorative power of relational and community connectedness. This power of connection, in my case, has come most fully to fruition through my involvement in helping to establish and maintain a mechanism for Black Latter-day Saints that promotes our mutually shared identities and historical cultural legacies: the now annual Black Latter-day Saints Legacy Conference.
Reputational Risk in Large International Banks

This paper attempts to define reputational risk and to outline the sources of such risk facing large international banks. It then considers the key drivers of reputational risk in the presence of transactions costs and imperfect information, and surveys available empirical research on the impact of reputational losses imposed on banks. Market discipline, through the reputation effects on the franchise value of large internationally active banks, can be a potentially powerful complement to regulation and civil litigation. Nevertheless, market discipline-based controls remain controversial. Financial firms continue to encounter serious instances of reputation loss due to misconduct despite the threat to the value of their franchises. This suggests material lapses in the risk management and corporate governance.
Components of Immunity

The first area that we will address regarding immunity is how to identify the components of the immune system which will allow us to know those components that function in the innate and adaptive immune systems. How is the immune system organized? How does the immune system work? In our discussions we will provide answers to these questions. The immune system comprises a coordinated, closed as well as open network of cells, molecules, fluid and compartmentalized organs or domains within the body. Each organ or domain and each cell and molecule has a distinct function for defense. Blood and lymphatic vessels combine to transport cells and molecules into and out of organs to facilitate antigen recognition by B and T cells, cell activation and access of effector molecules and cells with pathogens and their products. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) enable cells to interact and communicate, thereby facilitating coordinated responses and movement of cells out of blood vessels and across compartments into tissues, through diapedesis. The various organs, cells, molecules and interconnected network of lymphatic and blood vessels responsible for immunity constitute the immune system. The immune response generated is strengthened by interactions of immune cells with products of the gut microbiome such as the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), butyrate, propionate and acetate. The cumulative and coordinated response to antigens (foreign and self antigen) resulting in effector function and memory cell development is the immune response. The major components of the immune system include leukocytes for defense. Leukocytes comprise granulocytes which include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and agranulocytes such as monocytes (including tissue macrophages), lymphocytes and dendritic cells. For example, B lymphocytes secrete antibodies and cytokines, T lymphocytes secrete cytokines and some T cells mediate cytotoxicity. Plasma and lymph is used for transportation of cells and molecules throughout the body. Erythrocytes facilitate the survival of leukocytes by ensuring availability of oxygen for cell respiration and metabolism through gas exchange.
Impact of injection buffer volume to perform bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collection for isolating alveolar macrophages to investigate fine particle-induced IL-1α secretion.

The importance of alveolar macrophages has been reported in many toxicology/immunology studies. Alveolar macrophages release interleukin (IL)-1α as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) when stimulated by fine particles. However, it is unclear whether cell isolation procedures affect ex vivo particle-induced responses in primary mouse alveolar macrophages (mAM). In this study, effects of injection buffer volume used to perform bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collection to isolate mAM for use in ex vivo particle-induced responses were assessed. Among the mAM obtained from BALF collected using a 0.55 or 0.75 ml, but not a 1.0 ml buffer injection volume, decreased cell viability and IL-1α release were observed when cells were stimulated ex vivo with silica crystal or aluminum salt. Injected buffer composition did not affect the IL-1α release. On the other hand, IL-6 secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not differ among mAM obtained from BALF collected using the different volumes. Expression levels of cell surface markers like CD11c, SiglecF, and CD64 did not differ among mAM obtained from BALF collected using the different injection buffer volumes. IL-1α release (and also necroptosis) induced by ex vivoparticle stimulation was suppressed by RIPK3 inhibitor or cytochalasin D co-treatment. Decreases in RIPK3 phosphorylation were noted in mAM obtained in BALF collected using the 1.0 ml injection volume compared with mAM obtained in BALF using 0.55 or 0.75 ml buffer. These observations illustrate that larger volumes of buffer used to collect BALF from mice can affect sensitivity of the isolated mAM to ex vivo particle-induced responses by inhibiting their functions.
Software Issues: Risks and Liabilities

In this chapter we focuses on the issues that arise out of the relationship between the developer and the buyer, including claims, user expectations, and the legal ramifications that may follow an unhealthy relationship. The discussion touches on standards, reliability, security, safety, quality of software, quality of service of software products, causes of software failures, developer and buyer protection, and techniques for improving software quality. Causes of software failures or poor performance of a software product are discussed attributing the causes to a variety of reasons but most notably human error, the nature of software itself, and the environment in which software is produced and used. Finally historic examples of software caused accidents are given including the Therac–25, the Space Shuttle Challenger, the Indian Bhopal chemical accident and the Chernobyl Nuclear Power accident. Both consumer protection and techniques for improving software quality are also discussed.
Bidirectional Transcription Arises from Two Distinct Hubs of Transcription Factor Binding and Active Chromatin.

Anti-sense transcription originating upstream of mammalian protein-coding genes is a well-documented phenomenon, but remarkably little is known about the regulation or function of anti-sense promoters and the non-coding RNAs they generate. Here we define at nucleotide resolution the divergent transcription start sites (TSSs) near mouse mRNA genes. We find that coupled sense and anti-sense TSSs precisely define the boundaries of a nucleosome-depleted region (NDR) that is highly enriched in transcription factor (TF) motifs. Notably, as the distance between sense and anti-sense TSSs increases, so does the size of the NDR, the level of signal-dependent TF binding, and gene activation. We further discover a group of anti-sense TSSs in macrophages with an enhancer-like chromatin signature. Interestingly, this signature identifies divergent promoters that are activated during immune challenge. We propose that anti-sense promoters serve as platforms for TF binding and establishment of active chromatin to further regulate or enhance sense-strand mRNA expression.
Endovascular embolization by parent artery reconstruction of a symptomatic fusiform posterior cerebral artery aneurysm using Onyx HD-500: a neurointerventional report.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Posterior cerebral artery aneurysms are treatment challenge for the neurosurgeon. Parent artery occlusion, trapping and bypass have been the classic treatment options for aneurysms in this location. With the introduction of newer embolic agents such as Onyx®, endovascular intervention is now a viable therapy for these aneurysms. CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with a symptomatic, though unruptured, fusiform left posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. Given the distal location of this dominant sided aneurysm, post-operative visual deficits and aphasia were a concern if parent vessel occlusion were to be performed. Therefore, an endovascular reconstruction using Onyx HD-500 and two closed-cell stents was performed. CONCLUSIONS This report illustrates the ability of a high-density liquid embolic agent to provide immediate reconstruction of a fusiform aneurysm in a distal location.
Mechanism of binding of pyridoxamine 5-phosphate to the apoenzyme aspartate aminotransferase. Fluorescence studies.

The combination of pyridoxamine 5-phosphate with the apoprotein of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase has been followed by measuring the quenching of protein fluorescence associated with complex formation. The reaction takes place in two steps; an initial rapid decrease in protein fluorescence is followed by a slow quenching process which parallels the recovery of catalytic activity. Similar delay in fluorescence decrease has been observed when pyridoxamine 5-phosphate fluorescence was immediately recorded after addition of apoprotein. These studies suggest that the slow decrease in fluorescence is associated with a change in protein conformation which is required for the formation of active species in solution. The interaction between pyridoxine 5-phosphate and the apoprotein was also examined by fluorescence spectroscopy and the results were compared with the inhibitory action of pyridoxamine 5-phosphate on the reconstitution of the holoenzyme.
The RHIC injection fast kicker

The purpose of the injection kicker is to provide the ultimate deflection to the incoming beam from the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) into the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The beam is kicked in the vertical direction to place it on the equilibrium orbit of RHIC. Each bunch in the AGS is transferred separately, and stacked box-car fashion in the appropriate RHIC RF bucket. In order to achieve the required deflection angle four magnets powered by four pulsers will be used for each ring of RHIC. When the bunches are stacked in RHIC the last few RF buckets are left unfilled in order to provide a gap in the beam to facilitate the ejection or beam abort process. This also means there is not a severe constraint on the fall-time of the injection kicker. One prototype pulser has been built and tested. Much of the development effort has gone into the magnet design. Although lumped ferrite magnets are simpler to build and require less power to reach full field a transmission line magnet was developed because of the very fast rise-time requirement and the tolerances imposed on the field variation and ripple.
Sixty years at Harvard: the career of Professor Ronold W. P. King

The article provides a summary of the career of Ronold King. Professor King has published over 300 papers, most of which are in the field of antennas and electromagnetic wave propagation. He is the author of 11 books and several articles in encyclopedias and handbooks. His research interests have been in the broad area of electrical science both from the point of view of advancing the frontiers of knowledge and applying existing knowledge to practical problems. His publications are concerned primarily with applications of electromagnetic theory to problems in antennas, radio wave propagation, and subsurface communications.
The Number of Black Widows in the National Academy of Sciences

Studies in the social and biomedical sciences of racial differences in socioeconomic status or health within a population view the race of members as fixed and look for a difference in the frequency of a trait like average income or disease risk between racial subgroups. But, as I explain in this paper, there are good reasons to allow the race of members to vary with the trait whose variation within the population is to be described or explained. According to such a view of race, racial categories are more scientifically significant if membership in the categories is allowed to vary with differences in scientific interest rather than held constant across a variety of interests.
Optimal probability-of-error thresholds and performance for two versions of the sign detector

Expressions are obtained for specifying the optimal error probability (minimum P/sub e/) thresholds lambda /sub 01/ and lambda /sub 02/ for the traditional and modified sign detectors, respectively. These thresholds are shown to depend on the parameters p, P/sub 1/, and M where: M is the number of observations z/sub i/ used in the test statistic; P/sub 1/=P(H/sub 1/) is the prior probability for hypothesis H/sub 1/ that signal s/sub 1/ is present and 1-P/sub 1/=P(H/sub 0/) corresponds to the hypothesis H/sub 0/ that signal s/sub 0/ is present; and p=Pr(z/sub i/>or=0 mod H/sub 1/) with s/sub 0/=0 for the traditional sign detector and p=Pr(z/sub i/>or= lambda mod H/sub 1/)=Pr(z/sub i/ >
Narcotic blockade, length of addiction, and persistence of intravenous morphine self-administration in rats.

Four groups of rats differing in the number of periods of prior exposure to morphine sulphate in the i.v. self-administration paradigm were studied under conditions of narcotic blockade. Three groups of subjects also differing in the amount of prior exposure to morphine sulphate were studied under saline conditions. At effective blocking doses of naloxone, opioid-seeking behavior was eliminated in relatively drug naive animals, whereas the persistence of secondary reinforcers in rats with longer addiction histories served to maintain opioid consumption in the presence of adequate pharmacological blockade. Data from saline-treated animals were very similar to data obtained in naloxone-treated animals.