cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Curriculum revisions for meeting the new ABET program-specific criteria in optical engineering

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) recently revised their published list of programspecific criteria. Beginning during the 2014-15 cycle, all engineering programs which include “optical” and “photonic” in their titles must meet new specific criteria to receive ABET accreditation. One portion of the wording under the curriculum section states “The curriculum must prepare students to have knowledge of and appropriate laboratory experience in: geometrical optics, physical optics, optical materials, and optical and/or photonic devices and systems.” Last year, the Rose-Hulman optical engineering curriculum committee revised our baccalaureate degree program. A portion of this effort sought to improve alignment to the ABET program-specific criteria. Here we review the outcomes of this effort, including our documented continuous improvement process, the realignment of our existing courses along the four tracks laid out by ABET, and the introduction of new undergraduate courses to improve student learning.
Between arts and politics: A postcolonial view on Baltic cultures of the Soviet era

In October 1953, the Estonian literary magazine Looming published a poem by Vladimir Beekman entitled The Russian Language [Vene keel]: We met. We soon forgot the speeches,in our hearts it’s with u...
Oncostatin M receptor knockdown in mammary carcinoma cells: the role of OSM signaling in tumor progression and metastasis

4409 Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the interlukin-6 (IL-6) family, and its signaling is upregulated in many cancers cells including, breast, ovarian, colorectal, and cervical. OSM signals through a specific receptor heterodimer consisting of the gp130 subunit, found in all IL-6 family members, and the OSM receptor-beta (OSMRβ). OSM signaling induces the expression of several proteins that are linked to cancer cell detachment and invasive capacity, including matrix metalloproteinases, cyclooxygenase-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We hypothesize that knockdown of the OSM receptor will result in a decrease in the metastatic characteristics of mouse mammary cancer cells in vitro and inhibition of metastasis in vivo . In order to address the role of OSM signaling in tumor progression, three short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences to mOSMRβ were cloned into pSilencer4.1 and transfected into two mouse mammary cancer cell lines, 66c14 and 4T1.2. Both of these lines arose from a spontaneous Balb/cfC3H mouse mammary tumor. The 66c14 cell lineis weakly metastatic and classified by its metastasis to the lung and liver through the lymphatic system. In contrast, 4T1.2 cells metastasize spontaneously to the bone, lung, liver, and brain through hematogenous routes. While both cell lines express mOSMRβ, the more aggressively metastatic 4T1.2 cells express significantly higher levels. We have demonstrated nearly 100% knockdown of the mouse receptor in the 4T1.2 cells and 93% in the 66c14 cells by RT-PCR. Importantly, we have shown that 4T1.2 knockdown cells that constitutively express shRNA show a 50-fold reduction in OSM-induced VEGF expression. These cells will be surgically implanted into the mammary fat pad of Balb/c mice to study changes in their ability to develop tumors and metastasize. Results that support our hypothesis will suggest that OSM signaling should be targeted in the development of new therapeutics for metastatic breast cancer.
Online behavioral genome sequencing from usage logs: decoding the search behaviors

We present a system to analyze user interests by analyzing their online behaviors from large-scale usage logs. We surmise that user interests can be characterized by a large collection of features we call the behavioral genes that can be deduced from both their explicit and implicit online behaviors. It is the goal of this research to sequence the entire behavioral genome for online population, namely, to identify the pertinent behavioral genes and uncover their relationships in explaining and predicting user behaviors, so that high quality user profiles can be created and the online services can be better customized using these profiles. Within the scope of this paper, we demonstrate the work using the partial genome derived from web search logs. Our demo system is supported by an open access web service we are releasing and sharing with the research community. The main functions of the web service are: (1) calculating query similarities based on their lexical, temporal and semantic scores, (2) clustering a group of user queries into tasks with the same search and browse intent, and (3) inferring user topical interests by providing a probability distribution over a search taxonomy.
NCAA Sanctions Should Have More Teeth

This article argues that the NCAA’s penalties often affect innocent people more than the actual transgressors because the transgressors frequently have left the school before the NCAA announces its sanctions.1 This article seeks to address this problem by viewing NCAA sanctions through a criminal law lens, resulting in a stronger enforcement model for the NCAA that also minimizes the effect on those innocent of any wrongdoing.Specifically, this article proposes a revision to the NCAA’s enforcement model to ensure that its sanctions not only attempt to deter future violations but also penalize the actual transgressors, rather than the innocents. Punishing transgressors with the goal of deterrence alone does not work if persons contemplating a transgression realize that they can escape punishment by leaving the school, and, therefore, the punishment affects only those remaining in the program at the school. The proposed new enforcement model would add penalties to its current structure, such as financial penalties on coaches and student-athletes whose behavior leads to NCAA sanctions. The new model would also limit the institutional penalties to probation, public reprimand and censure, and/or severe financial penalties.Part I of this article addresses a flaw in the current NCAA enforcement model whereby the NCAA often punishes the wrong people. Part II views the NCAA enforcement model through a criminal law lens, discussing the theories of punishment and the NCAA’s focus with its sanctions. Part III proposes a revision to the NCAA enforcement model to include retributive punishment, which has the added benefit of deterrence when potential transgressors realize that the penalties will hit them where it hurts the most. Part IV discusses how the revised enforcement model can improve outcomes for the NCAA, institutions, and innocent individuals.
Acquisition Risk Management Based on Grey Analytic Model

Based on basic feature analysis of acquisition technology,it establishes a grey analytic model for project risk management and aims at specific realistic problems propping up during the project process.The model provides a framework for the project manager to control risks in rational range,increase investment returns and achieve project's goal.This research enriches the theory of risk management and control,provides a useful guidance for project managers.
Domestic Political Systems and War Proneness

This essay juxtaposes two bodies of research that examine the linkage between domestic politics and decisions to go to war. It reviews the literature linking regime structure to war proneness as well as the literature that explores how leaders and opposition constrain what states do in foreign policy. Three issues are raised in the process of bringing these literatures together. (1) Domestic political constraints appear to be pervasive and highly variable phenomena that are found in different types of political systems and are not limited to democracies. (2) Leaders can respond to domestic opposition in fundamentally different ways that result in sharply different effects on foreign policy. (3) The beliefs and interests that are shared by a state's leaders and its support groups form an important motivational basis for the overall direction a state will take in its foreign policy.
Meatal recolonization in bitches.

AbstractColonization of the urethrovaginal area precedes urinary tract infection in women. Among the potential factors limiting colonization by fecal pathogens is bacterial interference, the ability of established commensals to inhibit colonization by pathogenic bacteria.Since the microcontour of the canine distal urethra possesses microvilli like those in the vagina rather than the microplicae found at higher levels and also has similarities in cellular glycogen content the meatal area would be expected to respond to hormonal influences like the vagina.The normal canine urethrovaginal flora was determined by serial cultures. It consisted principally of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium and Acinetobacter-Haemophilus.Estrus produced a selective overgrowth of beta-Streptococcus and Acinetobacter-Haemophilus.A normal canine transient, Escherichia coli, and a normal resident, Corynebacterium, persisted only for a short time (4.5 days) unless inoculated during estrus, when they remained for a mean pe...
Chemical characterization of surface precipitates in La0.7Sr0.3Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ as cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract In this study, a strontium doped lanthanum cobalt ferrite thin film with 30% Sr on A-site, denoted as La 0.7 Sr 0.3 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ or LSCF-7328, is investigated before and after annealing at 800 °C under CO 2 containing atmosphere for 9 h. The formation of secondary phases on surface of post-annealed LSCF-7328 is observed using atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The extent of Sr segregation at the film surface is monitored using the synchrotron-based total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) technique. The bonding environment of the secondary phases formed on the surface is investigated by synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and related spectroscopy techniques are used for microstructural and quantitative elemental analyses of the secondary phases on surface. These studies reveal that the secondary phases on surface consist of SrO covered with a capping layer of SrCO 3 . The formation of Co-rich phases is observed on the surface of post-annealed LSCF-7328.
Hardware Accelerated Design of Millimeter Wave Antireflective Surfaces: A Comparison of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Implementations

Engineered materials that demonstrate a specific response to electromagnetic energy incident on them in an- tenna and radio frequency component design applications are in high demand due to both military and commercial needs. The design of such engineered materials typically requires numerically intensive computations to simulate their behavior as they may have electrically small features on a large area or often the overall system performance is required, which means modeling the entire integrated system. Furthermore, to achieve an optimal performance these simulations need to be run many times until a desired solution is achieved, presenting a major hindrance in arriving at a feasible solution in a reasonable amount of time. One example of such applications is the design of antireflective (AR) surfaces at millimeter wave frequencies, which often involves sub-wavelength gratings in an electrically large multilayer structure. This paper investi- gates the use of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) as coprocessors to the CPU in order to expedite the computation time. Preliminary results show that the hardware implementation (100 MHz) on Xilinx Virtex4LX200 FPGA is able to outperform a single-thread software implementation on Intel Itanium 2 processor (1.66 GHz) by 20 folds. However, the performance of the FPGA implementation lags behind the single-thread implementation on a modern Xeon (2.26 GHz) by 3.6.
Evaluating an Initiative to Increase Youth Participation in School and Community Gardening Activities

Across the country, youth gardening opportunities are rapidly increasing, as is the need for documentation on successful strategies for working with young people. This paper describes the evaluation of the Greener Voices project, a three-year initiative created to increase youth participation in gardening activities through consultation, resources, and information provided to adult leaders at six sites across New York and Pennsylvania. The evaluation is highlighted to encourage others to think about ways to incorporate evaluation into gardening programs. Useful strategies include starting early with evaluation planning, using an underlying program theory or logic model, collecting data through multiple methods, coordinating evaluation and program planning, building theory into evaluation, and publicizing findings. Documenting lessons learned can contribute to the knowledge base in the youth gardening field.
A brief review of kidney development, maturation, developmental abnormalities, and drug toxicity: juvenile animal relevancy

Nonclinical juvenile animal tests perform a valuable role in determining adverse drug effects during periods of organogenesis and/or functional maturation. Developmental anatomic and functional maturation time points are important to consider between juveniles and adults when regarding different organ toxicities in response to drug administration. The kidney is an example of a major organ that has differences in these time points in comparing juveniles to adults and in contrasting humans to laboratory animal species. Toxicologic pathologists, involved in juvenile studies, need to be aware of these time points which are age-related exposure periods of sensitivity to drug toxicity. Age-related developmental anatomic and functional maturation are factors which can affect the way that a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). Changes to any component of ADME may alter drug toxicity resulting in kidney abnormalities, nephrotoxicity, or maturational disorders. Juvenile animal kidneys may either be less resistant or more resistant to known adult nephrotoxic drug effects. Furthermore, drug toxicity observed in juvenile animal kidneys may not always correspond to similar toxicities in humans. Juvenile animal nonclinical toxicology studies targeting the kidneys have to be carefully planned to attain the maximum knowledge from each study.
What Makes Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Work? A Review of Five Perspectives

ABSTRACTWe review and comment on five articles included in this special issue of Psychoanalytic Inquiry. Each article addresses potential moderators and mechanisms of change within psychodynamic psychotherapy. We briefly present the questions we find most relevant in assessing the research on the mechanisms of change discussed in each of these articles. We discuss conceptual and methodological advances and strengths of these articles. Last, we propose directions for future research in this rich field to, first, best serve our patients and, second, for dynamic therapy to stay a vital treatment option in the current climate of evidence-based treatments.
Brain-Specific Serum Biomarkers Predict Neurological Morbidity in Diagnostically Diverse Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients

Unexpected neurological morbidity in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) remains high and is difficult to detect proactively. Brain-specific biomarkers represent a novel approach for early detection of neurological injury. We sought to determine whether serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein (MBP), and S100B, specific for neurons, oligodendrocytes, and glia, respectively, were predictive of neurological morbidity in critically ill children. Serum was prospectively collected on days 1–7 from diagnostically diverse PICU patients (n = 103). Unfavorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge was defined as Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score of 3–6 with a deterioration from baseline. NSE, MBP, and S100B concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Peak biomarker levels were greater in patients with unfavorable versus favorable neurological outcome [NSE 39.4 ± 44.1 vs. 12.2 ± 22.9 ng/ml (P = 0.005), MBP 9.1 ± 11.5 vs. 0.6 ± 1.3 ng/ml (P = 0.003), S100B 130 ± 232 vs. 34 ± 70 pg/ml (P = 0.04), respectively; mean ± SD]. Peak levels were each independently associated with unfavorable neurological outcome when controlling for presence of primary neurologic admission diagnosis and poor baseline PCPC using logistic regression analysis (NSE, P = 0.04; MBP, P = 0.004; S100B, P = 0.04), and had the following receiver operating characteristics: NSE 0.75 (0.58, 0.92), MBP 0.81 (0.66, 0.94), and S100B 0.80 (0.67, 0.93) (area under the curve [95% confidence intervals]). Prospectively collected brain-specific serum biomarkers predict unfavorable neurological outcome in critically ill children. Serum biomarkers used in conjunction with clinical data could be used to generate models predicting early detection of neurological injury, allowing for more timely diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, potentially reducing neurological morbidity in the PICU.
Blood lead, cadmium and mercury in relation to homocysteine and C-reactive protein in women of reproductive age: a panel study.

To examine the relationship between cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homocysteine in women. Metals were measured at enrollment in whole blood. Homocysteine and hs-CRP were measured in one (N = 9) or two (N = 250) menstrual cycles up to 3 and 8 times per cycle, respectively. Linear mixed models with inverse probability of exposure weights to account for time varying confounding were used and models were stratified by dietary and serum vitamin status (dietary: vitamin B6, B12, folate; serum: folate). Geometric mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) concentrations for cadmium, lead, and mercury were 0.29 (0.26–0.31) μg/L, 0.91 (0.86–0.96) μg/dL, and 1.05 (0.93–1.18) μg/L, respectively. Lead was associated with increased homocysteine (0.08; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.15) and this persisted among those in the lower three quartiles of consumption of vitamin B6, B12, folate, and serum folate but was not significant among those in the upper quartile. No associations were observed between metals and hs-CRP. Blood lead was associated with increased homocysteine in a cohort of healthy, premenopausal women but these associations did not persist among those consuming ≥75th percentile of essential micronutrients. Cadmium, lead, and mercury were not associated with hs-CRP concentrations.
Sanguo Zhi Fascicle 42: The Biography of Qiao Zhou

The following is a translation of the biography of Qiao Zhou, a noted scholar-intellectual and court official of the Three States period state of Shu-Han, as contained in fascicle 42 of Chen Shou's...
Estimates of Surface Waves Using Subsurface EM-APEX Floats under Typhoon Fanapi 2010

AbstractSeven subsurface EM-APEX floats measured the voltage induced by the motional induction of sea water under Typhoon Fanapi 2010. Measurements were processed to estimate high-frequency oceanic velocity variance (z) associated with surface waves. Surface wave peak frequency fp and significant wave height Hs are estimated by a nonlinear least-squared fitting to assuming a broadband JONSWAP surface wave spectrum. The Hs is further corrected for the effects of float rotation, Earth’s geomagnetic field inclination, and surface wave propagation direction. The fp is 0.08 – 0.10 Hz, with the maximum fp of 0.10 Hz in the rear-left quadrant of Fanapi, which is ~ 0.02 Hz higher than in the rear-right quadrant. The Hs is 6 – 12 m with the maximum in the rear sector of Fanapi. Comparing our estimated fp and Hs with those assuming a single dominant surface wave yields differences of more than 0.02 Hz and 4 m, respectively. The surface waves under Fanapi simulated in the WAVEWATCH III (ww3) model are used to assess...
The effect of sustained vs. faded scaffolding on students' argumentation in ill-structured problem solving

Abstract Research suggests that scaffolding is an important element when gaining problem-solving skills. However, very little research has investigated the role of fading and explored its implications in the context of deep learning. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of fading question prompts on argumentation as learners were given two fading schedules, (1) sustained scaffold schedule, and (2) faded scaffold schedule. We employed three different measurements of argumentation quality to triangulate the results. When using the rubric assessment method, we found no significant differences between the two conditions in argumentation quality. However, when using learning analytics to examine the conceptual linkages of students' knowledge structure, we found that students in the sustained scaffolding condition performed significantly better than the students in the faded condition. The results indicated that (a) scaffolds should not be faded before students have acquired the necessary problem-solving processes and (b) that novices might need a fuller set of scaffolds for a longer period to support their problem-solving performance. Implications for theory and methods are discussed.
Distribution of radioactive carbon dioxide incorporated into rat liver glycogen.

It has been demonstrated that Cl402 administered to fasted rats (2) or incubated with liver slices from fasted animals (3) yields glycogen which is labeled predominantly in carbon atoms 3 and 4. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that CO2 incorporation into glycogen proceeds by a reversal of the anaerobic glycolytic pathway (4). However, during the past several years it has become evident that pathways other than the Embden-Meyerhof scheme may play a r&e in carbohydrate metabolism. It has previously been shown with liver enzyme preparations that pentose phosphate-2, 3-CY4, which may arise by the oxidation of hexose monophosphate-3,4-P, yields glucose 6-phosphate labeled in positions 1 to 4 (5). If these reactions were to occur in intact liver, isotope originally incorporated into the 3,4 position of glucose 6-phosphate would be expected to become redistributed into positions 1 and 2. While evidence for the preferential formation of CO2 from glucose C-l by liver slices has been reported by Bloom, Stetten, and Stetten (6-S) and confirmed in a number of other laboratories (g-11), there is lack of agreement as to the quantitative importance of such non-glycolytic mechanisms (8, 11). In general, studies of PO2 incorporation into glycogen have been carried out with fasted animals. It has been demonstrated, however, that fasting markedly affects glycogen formation (12), glucose and pyruvate utilization (13), and fatty acid and CO2 production (14). The present investigations were undertaken to ascertain whether the feeding of a high carbohydrate diet might lead to a distribution of tracer in glucose, which is different from that observed in studies with fasted animals. Liver slices from fasted and from fed rats were incubated with lactate in the presence of Cl402 and the glycogen was isolated and degraded. It was found that, while positions 3 and 4 were lsbeled equally when liver
General Aspects of Modeling Tumor Growth and Immune Response

This chapter opens with a summary of the philosophy and methodology of mathematical modeling (Sections 2.1 and 2.2). In Section 2.3 a survey of deterministic diffusion models of spheroid growth is provided. Section 2.4 addresses a particular type of model, based on a predator-prey description of the immune response to cancer illustrating the modeling pro- cess in some detail. This is followed in Section 2.5 by a spatially-dependent approach to the immune response in a one-dimensional system. Section 2.6 is more speculative in nature: the suggestion is made that the concepts of “tunneling” (as used in quantum mechanics) and “catastrophe” may be applicable to both the development of cancer and the effectiveness of the immune response. Two appendices follow on (i) catastrophe theory and (ii) certain mathematical properties of solutions to diffusion equations.
The Duty Defined: Specific Obligations That Follow From Civil Government Lawyers' General Duty to Serve the Public Interest

In "Public Lawyers, Private Values: Can, Should, and Will Government Lawyers Serve the Public Interest?," 41 Boston College L. Rev. 789 (2000), the author of the present Article attempted to provide an academic defense of what the previous article described as "the public interest serving role" for government attorneys: namely, the proposition that government attorneys have greater duties to serve the public interest than their counterparts in private practice. Since that time, additional academic support has been provided for the public interest serving role, particularly as applied to civil government lawyers. Nonetheless, the public interest serving role for government lawyers remains controversial among academics. At least part of the reason for this continuing controversy may be a failure to translate government attorneys' general duty to serve the public interest, insofar as civil government attorneys are concerned, into specific rules of conduct that can provide guidance to such attorneys in their day to day work. The present Article makes an initial effort to define rules and principles applicable to civil government attorneys in furtherance of their general duty to serve the public interest. A wide range of cases, statutes, and ethics provisions suggest three areas in which special ethical obligations, distinct from those applicable to private practitioners, are emerging for civil government attorneys. These areas relate to government lawyers' duty to represent their clients zealously, confidentiality, and conflicts of interest. Each of these areas is explored, in an effort to articulate the particular responsibilities that flow from government lawyers' special duties to serve the public interest.
Properties of Luminescent Si Nanoparticles in Sol-Gel Matrices

In this wor e preparation and properties of silica sol-gels incorporating luminescent Si nanocrystallites extracted from porous Si are described for the first time. These sol-gel/Si nanocrystallite composite materials are characterized by BET isotherm measurements, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. To stabilize the photoluminescence (PL) of Si crystallites within the silica matrix, a fatty acid (capric (C10), myristic (C14) or arachidic acid (C20)) is added as a passivation agent during the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane. The presence of the fatty acid is crucial to the long-term stability of the Si nanocrystallite luminescence, as the Si visible light emission remains essentially unchanged for more than a month when the fatty acid is present in the mixture but degrades quickly (within days) when absent. The thermal stability of the Si luminescence within the sol-gel is also reported. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the light-emitting Si crystallites aggregate into micron-sized domains somewhat unevenly throughout the silica matrix. This distribution of Si crystallites can be improved by employing a surfactant, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS).
Chains and Trees: 'Strong'-'Weak' Order in Job Scheduling

We present a summary of recent NP-hardness and polynomial time solvability results for the distinction between ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ precedence for chains and trees in scheduling. We distinguish between chains and proper trees which are not chains, and demonstrate that the strong-weak precedence distinction for chains is not inclusive with regards to NP-hardness, and conjecture that the same holds for strong-weak tree precedence. The objective is to show that different ‘interpretations’ for chain and tree order relations in scheduling might have far reaching computational implications.
Liposomes as Oral Adjuvants

Studies in both humans and experimental animals have provided evidence for the existence of a common mucosal immune system, whereby oral administration of antigen results in the appearance of IgA antibodies in various external secretions (reviewed by Mestecky and McGhee 1987). IgA antibodies provide the primary defense mechanism against infections which involve the mucosal surfaces. Therefore, by better understanding the mechanisms involved in the common mucosal immune system and properties of oral vaccines important in inducing mucosal immune responses, we have the potential to protect the host against a variety of infectious diseases. In this brief review, we discuss factors important in developing both effective and safe oral vaccines. Emphasis will be placed on the recent approaches we have taken in the development of an oral vaccine, including the usefulness of liposomes as antigen carriers and as adjuvants, for the induction of a mucosal immune response protective against the infectious oral disease dental caries, in which the principal etiologic agent is Streptococcus mutans (reviewed by McGhee and Michalek 1981).
Cell Survival in a Three‐Dimensional Matrix

Integrin-mediated adhesion acts as a pluripotent mediator of cell signaling, triggering many pathways that promote proliferation and permit them to resist exogenous proapototic insults. To date, most studies have focused on apoptosis among cells adherent to rigid tissue-culture plastic substrates that tends to maximize integrin survival signaling. The physiological interpretation of such studies remains unclear. Here we describe methods to study integrin-mediated cell survival using matched cell populations that differ only in integrin expression, using a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix culture. The preparation of appropriate cell types as well as the use of 3D collagen and fibrin gels is described. Methods to assess apoptosis and their application in the model are detailed. These techniques will offer an opportunity to study cell survival in the context of a non-rigid 3D extracellular matrix.
Reshoring of U.S. Apparel Manufacturing: Lesson from an Innovative North Carolina based Manufacturing Company

Governments and Industries alike have desired reshoring of U.S. apparel manufacturing for several years now, but the labor-intensive manufacturing processes of apparel have made reshoring financially infeasible. While industry efforts focus on technological innovation to find a cost-efficient manufacturing process, the innovation of the business model has remained behind. This paper demonstrates a case study on a North Carolina based leather products manufacturing company that has adopted an innovative business model. This case explains how U.S. apparel manufacturing could potentially learn from this company to support U.S. apparel reshoring initiatives.
Embedded Plant/Process Simulator: Design and System Integration for Scalable FFT/IFFT Computations

For today's industry, system simulation is an integral part of design and implementation. This is a process that often involves tight coupling between hardware, interface, and algorithmic adaptation. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a plant/process simulator on an integrated mbed LPC1768 based microcontroller platform. Unlike simulators such as MATLAB, Scilab, Scicos, Ecosim Pro, Virtual Control Simulator, etc. that are installed on a computer, the simulator is implemented on a portable, low-cost embedded microcontroller. The method of simulation is convolution via FFT/IFFT using the Radix-2 DIT Cooley-Tukey algorithm. Our implementation is verified using both step and sinusoidal inputs. The results of the simulator are compared to MATLAB outputs as the reference for accuracy determination.
Culture, resource, management, and anthropology: Pipelines and the wakan at the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation

The protests against the Dakota Access pipeline at the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation have demonstrated a crisis of archaeology and cultural resources management. The reactions to the protests hav...
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Pilot Clinical Translation of New Medical Ultrasound Methodologies

Ultrasound imaging is uniquely relevant in the modern era of clinical medicine. While the fundamental platform remains low-cost and portable, meeting demands for cost-efficient diagnostic and therapeutic options in the context of constrained medical resources, technology development races forward to achieve applications that were not possible just years ago. A vital first step to translating these cutting-edge ultrasound methods to clinical implementation is performing pilot studies in humans, in vivo. Initial human studies are critical because they demonstrate the feasibility of new methodologies in the context of complex tissue environments with unknown parameters and when penetration requirements and complicated noise sources interfere with signal detection. Furthermore, developing methods for validating outcome measures in the complex and unknown in vivo human setting is difficult. Finally, the logistics associated with obtaining regulatory approval for conducting human studies, the time required to recruit subjects, and the associated expenses compound the technical challenges.
From Physician Queries to Logical Forms for Efficient Exploration of Patient Data

We introduce a new question answering paradigm in which users can interact with the system using natural language questions or direct actions within a graphical user interface (GUI). The system displays multiple time series characterizing the behavior of a patient, and a physician interacts with the system through GUI actions and questions, where answers may depend on previous interactions. To find the answers automatically, we propose parsing the questions into logical forms for execution by an inference engine over the underlying database. The semantic parser is implemented as an LSTM-based encoder-decoder that models dependencies between consecutive answers through multiple attention and copying mechanisms. To train and evaluate the model, we created a dataset of semantic parses of real interactions with the system, augmented with a larger dataset of artificial interactions. The proposed architecture obtains promising results, substantially outperforming standard sequence generation baselines.
Polaritonics using two-dimensional materials (Conference Presentation)

In this talk we will discuss our recent work on electrical and optical control of strongly-coupled exciton-polaritons in two-dimensional Van der Waals materials. The possibility to optically address the valley degree of freedom of polariton states via optical excitation will be discussed [1]. Following this we will discuss the modulation of coupling strength between excitons and photons in a microcavity via electric field [2]. The possibility to enhance the nonlinear optical response of the polariton states by exploiting the higher order Rydberg states will also be presented. Finally, we will discuss the realization of room temperature quantum emitter array using strain engineered hexagonal boron nitride and coupling them to high quality factor resonators [3]. [1] Optical control of room temperature valley polaritons, Z. Sun, et al., Nature Photonics 11, 491 (2017). [2] Control of strong light-matter interaction in monolayer WS2 through electric field gating, B. Chakraborty et al., Nano. Lett. (2018) DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02932 [3] Near-deterministic activation of room temperature quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride, N. Proscia et al. Optica (In Press) [ArXiv: 1712.01352 ]
Homomorphisms and Euler’s Phi Function

This chapter introduces some more ideas of abstract algebra: ring homomorphisms, group homomorphisms, the Fundamental Homomorphism Theorem, the direct product of rings or of groups. These concepts provide a suitable setting for proofs of the Chinese Remainder Theorem and for the formula satisfied by Euler’s phi function, which counts the number of units of the ring \(\mathbb {Z}_{m}\) in terms of the factorization of m. Ideas in this chapter will also be used in some of the analyses in Chaps. 14 and 16.
Optimal design and operation of River Basin Storage

Abstract The State of Colorado’s Stream Simulation Model (StateMod) provides comparative analysis for historical and future water resource decisions and policies along the Lower South Platte River. In order to identify locations for increased water storage, our research uses simulated data produced by StateMod as input to a mixed integer-linear optimization model. This model minimizes the cost of meeting unmet demands by assigning network flow of, and designing additional storage for, excess water while adhering to constraints that force the physical and topographical structures of the river. Using historical, measured flow data from 1962 through 2012, we extend the capability of StateMod by considering solutions with the following characteristics: (1) a single-reservoir solution, (2) a solution in which we only expand existing reservoirs, and (3) a solution without the constraints in (1) or (2). We conclude that, for the time horizon considered, the optimal method to mitigate shortages is with the construction of a combination of smaller surface and sub-surface reservoirs, and a corresponding prescribed flow. The total increased storage volume is 25,378 acre-feet (AF). Our work can be used as a strategic analysis tool by planners and engineers to quickly identify the most effective reservoir locations and the order in which to build them, rather than examining every potential storage site and the time at which it should be built, if at all.
351-OR: Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of the CONCEPTT Randomized Controlled Trial

Aims: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pregnancy. Methods: Decision analytical models to compare T1D antenatal care with and without use of CGM. Probabilities, maternal health state utilities and healthcare resource utilization were obtained from individual patient-trial data. Costs and neonatal health state utilities were obtained from the literature. Primary outcome of interest was neonatal quality adjusted life years (QALY). The willingness to pay threshold was £30,000/QALY. Results: Direct costs of CGM use were £2,045. From a neonatal perspective, CGM during was cost saving (- £2,613), and effective (75.43 vs. 73.77 QALYs), with an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) - 1,570.57/QALY (Figure 1). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated robustness of the model across ranges of variables including varying NICU care for preterm and term neonates, and health state utilities. From a maternal perspective, CGM was associated with additional cost (£330), but remained effective; QALYs 61.33 vs. 61.27 and ICER £5,508.00/QALY. CGM remained efficacious and the favored treatment strategy in the sensitivity analyses performed. Conclusions: CGM use during T1D pregnancy is cost saving from a neonatal perspective and associated with improved cost effectiveness for both mother and neonate. Disclosure H.R. Murphy: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. D. Feig: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Medtronic. N. Patel: None. Funding JDRF (17-2011-533); JDRF Canadian Clinical Trial Network (80-2010-585)
A rare case of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis/ Erdheim-Chester disease presenting as desquamative gingivitis and oral mucosal erythema

Background Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by BRAFV600 E mutations in greater than 50% of patients; multisystemic involvement, such as skin (xanthelasma); heart (pericardial effusion); central nervous system (brain-stem lesions); and bone lesions. ECD has a distinct histopathology and immunochemistry profile, which is negative for CD1 a, S100, and Langerin. Craniofacial involvement has been reported in less than 10 cases and described as multiple, solitary, well-defined radiopaque/lucent lesions of the jaws. We report a case of ECD, which initially included desquamative gingivitis, mucosal erythema, and edema. Case Summary A 62-year-old white woman was referred by her local dentist to the Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, in December 2017, with the chief complaint of mouth sensitivity. Her medical history was notable for a 7-year history of intermittent bone pain, nonpruritic, erythematous, papular rashes of the neck, extremities, and trunk, as well as gingival erythema. She was diagnosed with ECD by a hematologist–oncologist in December 2010 based, in part, on tibial biopsy and the presence of BRAFV600 E mutation. Her medications included prednisone 40 mg 4 times daily by mouth, Bactrim 4 times daily by mouth, subcutaneous MTX 27.5 mg weekly injection, and dabrafenib 150 mg every 12 hours. She reported having a 10-year history of intermittent sensitivity, redness, and swelling of the gingiva, without any known triggers or patterns. On oral examination, there was diffuse desquamation, erythema, and edema of the buccal and palatal gingivae, as well as erythema of the mid–hard palatal mucosa. Differential diagnoses were ECD, vesiculobullous disorders, and vasculitis. With the patient's consent, an incisional biopsy specimen was obtained, and histopathology revealed the presence of chronic inflammation and a scant histiocytic infiltrate. The patient was managed with topical clobetasol 0.05% via custom trays to the maxilla and the mandible; the patient reported a greater than 75% improvement in sensitivity score after 1 month of use. Five months later, she presented with 2 erythematous nodules (#12 and #19), which were consistent with pyogenic granulomas on excisional biopsy. Conclusions This is the first report of potential oral mucosal involvement of ECD, with the noted desquamative gingivitis and erythema as its oral presentation.
Clinical Implications of Microbiologic Treatment Failure in the Setting of Clinical Cure of Bacterial Pneumonia.

Background Microbiologic cure is a common outcome in pneumonia clinical trials, but its clinical significance is incompletely understood. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia who achieved clinical cure. Rates of recurrent pneumonia and death were compared between patients with persistent growth of the index pathogen at the time of clinical cure (microbiologic failure) and those with pathogen eradication (microbiologic cure). Results Among 441 patients, 237 experienced microbiologic cure and 204 experienced microbiologic failure. Prevalences of comorbidities, ventilator dependence, and severity of acute illness were similar between groups. Patients with microbiologic failure experienced significantly higher rates of recurrent pneumonia or death following clinical cure than patients with microbiologic cure, controlling for comorbid conditions, severity of acute illness, appropriateness of empiric antibiotics, intensive care unit placement, tracheostomy dependence, and immunocompromised status (90-day multivariable adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.35). This association was observed among patients with pneumonias caused by Staphylococcus aureus (90-day multivariable adjusted OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.73-7.90). A trend was observed among pneumonias caused by nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, but not Enterobacteriaceae or other pathogens. Conclusions Microbiologic treatment failure was independently associated with recurrent pneumonia or death among patients with bacterial pneumonia following clinical cure. Microbiologic cure merits further study as a metric to guide therapeutic interventions for patients with bacterial pneumonia.
Topological semi-metal Na3Bi as efficient spin injector in current driven magnetic tunnel junction

The free layer in the current driven magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) can be switched by injecting spin-polarized current from an adjacent spin injector. A nonmagnetic efficient spin injector, a converter from charge current to spin current, has long been and is still being quested in the field of spintronics. The first discovered nonmagnetic spin injector was the heavy spin Hall metals (HMs) such as Pt and β-W. The HMs can only convert 2%–10% of the charge current to spin current. The rest of the charge current is wasted and has no contribution in MTJ switching. The waste of charge current during MTJ switching is one of the major sources of energy loss in MTJ operation. Later, it has been found that topological insulators (TIs) such as Bi 2 Se 3 can convert around 37% charge current to spin current. Nevertheless, the topological insulator has low conductivity compared with the free layer of an MTJ, which results in a large amount of shunting charge current loss through the free layer. Topological semimetals (TMs) such as Na 3 Bi provide us with a trade-off point between HM and TI as a nonmagnetic spin injector. TMs have higher charge current to spin current conversion efficiency than HMs and higher electrical conductivity than TIs. In this work, we first calculated the density functional theory band structure of Na 3 Bi and then modeled and matched the near-Fermi-level band structure with the 8 band k ⋅ p model. We have used the k ⋅ p Hamiltonian in quantum transport (nonequilibrium Green’s function) formalism to determine the charge current to spin current conversion efficiency in Na 3 Bi. We have found that Na 3 Bi can convert around 27.33% of charge current to spin current, and its conductivity is ∼12.5 times more than that of Bi 2 Se 3. A CoFeB (fixed layer)-MgO (tunneling barrier)-CoFeB (free layer)- Na 3 Bi (spin injector) MTJ consumes almost 9.09 × and 655.57 × less electrical power during isospeed write operation compared with CoFeB-MgO-CoFeB-Pt and CoFeB-MgO-CoFeB- Bi 2 Se 3 MTJs, respectively. Application of isowrite voltage of 1V shows that CoFeB-MgO-CoFeB- Na 3 Bi MTJ switches 4.3 × faster than CoFeB-MgO-CoFeB-Pt MTJ, while CoFeB-MgO-CoFeB- Bi 2 Se 3 MTJ fails to switch and continues to oscillate.
Minimizing Risks of Liver Transplantation With Steatotic Donor Livers by Preferred Recipient Matching.

BACKGROUND Donor livers with ≥30% macrosteatosis (steatotic livers) represent a possible expansion to the donor pool, but are frequently discarded as they are associated with an increased risk of mortality and graft loss. We hypothesized that there are certain recipient phenotypes that would tolerate donor steatosis well, and are therefore best suited to receive these grafts. METHODS Using national registry data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients between 2006 and 2017, we compared 2048 liver transplant recipients of steatotic livers with 69 394 recipients of nonsteatotic (<30%) livers. We identified recipient factors that amplified the impact of donor steatosis on mortality and graft loss using interaction analysis, classifying recipients without these factors as preferred recipients. We compared mortality and graft loss with steatotic versus nonsteatotic livers in preferred and nonpreferred recipients using Cox regression. RESULTS Preferred recipients of steatotic livers were determined to be first-time recipients with a model for end-stage liver disease 15-34, without primary biliary cirrhosis, and not on life support before transplant. Preferred recipients had no increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.921.041.16; P = 0.5) or graft loss (HR: 0.931.031.15; P = 0.5) with steatotic versus nonsteatotic livers. Conversely, nonpreferred recipients had a 41% increased mortality risk (HR: 1.171.411.70; P < 0.001) and 39% increased risk of graft loss (HR: 1.161.391.66; P < 0.001) with steatotic versus nonsteatotic livers. CONCLUSIONS The risks of liver transplantation with steatotic donor livers could be minimized by appropriate recipient matching.