cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lipid composition and biosynthesis in the gingiva of the domestic cat.

Periodontal disease in the domestic cat may assume debilitating and serious consequences; however, little is known of the biochemical composition or metabolism of feline gingiva in health or disease. In this report the chemical composition and metabolism of gingival lipids from inflamed and non-inflamed sites is presented and compared to other species with naturally occurring periodontitis. The neutral and phospholipid composition of feline gingiva was found to be distinct from that of porcine and human. As a measure of de novo lipid synthesis, the total incorporation of 14C-acetate into fractionated lipid components was determined and revealed an approximate 2 to 3 fold decrease in inflamed versus non-inflamed gingiva. The decrease in 14C-acetate incorporation appeared to result from a 2-fold increase in free acetate pools in inflamed compared to noninflamed gingival samples, since total lipase and phospholipase activity were comparable in inflamed and non-inflamed gingiva and total lipid composition was...
Distributional limits of renormalized Feynman integrals with zero-mass denominators

It is shown that the e→0 limits of renormalized Feynman integrals exist and define Lorentz invariant tempered distributions in the external momenta. The proof applies to the case where some or all particle masses vanish.
Proteolysis of cardiac gap junctions during their isolation from rat hearts

Gap junctions (GJ) isolated from rat hearts in presence of the protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfuoride (PMSF) contain a Mr 44,000 to 47.000 major polypeptide and have a urea-resistant layer of fuzz on their cytoplasmic surfaces, whereas junctions isolated without PMSF are proteolyzed to a Mr 29.500 polypeptide by a serine protease and have smooth cytoplasmic surfaces (C.K. Manjunath, G.E. Goings & E. PageAm. J. Physiol. 246:H865–H875, 1984). Rat liver GJ isolated with or without PMSF contain a Mr 28,000 polypeptide and have smooth cytoplasmic surfaces. Here we examine the origin, type and inhibitor sensitivity of the heart protease; why similar proteolysis is absent during isolation of rat liver gap junctions; and whether the Mr 44.000 to 47,000 cardiac GJ polypeptide is the precursor of the Mr 29,500 subunit. We show that the Mr 44,000 to 47,000 polypeptide corresponds to the unproteolyzed connexon subunit; that proteolysis of this polypeptide occurs predominantly during exposure to high ionic strength solution (0.6m KI) which releases serine protease from mast cell granules; that this protease is inhibitable with PMSF and (less completely) soybean trypsin inhibitor and chymostatin; and thatin vivo degranulation of mast cells by injecting rats with compound 48/80 fails to prevent breakdown of cardiac GJ during isolation. The results support the concept that GJ from rat heart and liver differ in protein composition.
Frozen-thawed embryo transfer and live birth: Long-term follow-up after one oocyte retrieval

Frozen-thawed embryos accounted for 39% (249 of 639) of live births from 931 consecutive first oocyte retrievals after median follow-up of 6.5 years with consistent use of pronuclear-stage freezing and cleavage-stage transfer. Survival after thaw was 95% (2,129 of 2,247). Implantation and live birth rates per individual frozen-thawed embryo transfered were 22% (431 of 1,937) and 18% (346 of 1,937), respectively.
Simple electrostatic models for vibrating unsymmetrical triatomic molecules and triatomic ions

Bond charge, point-dipole models are used to derive simple universal relations,Kθθ=0.0435 (K11K22)1/2 −0.0086 (K 11 + K22), andKθθ = 0.11 (K11K22)1/2 −0.0055 (K11 +K22), between the bond stretching force constantsK11 andK22 and bond bending force constantKθθ for linear and bent unsymmetrical triatomic molecules respectively. The relations are shown to be approximately valid for a number of molecules. An extension of the models to include charged species (ions) in triatomic molecules is also presented and tested, giving good results.
Four-dimensional radiotherapy planning for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking

Four-dimensional (4D) radiotherapy is the explicit inclusion of the temporal changes in anatomy during the imaging, planning, and delivery of radiotherapy. Temporal anatomic changes can occur for many reasons, though the focus of the current investigation is respiration motion for lung tumors. The aim of this study was to develop 4D radiotherapy treatment-planning methodology for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking. A 4D computed tomography (CT) scan consisting of a series of eight 3D CT image sets acquired at different respiratory phases was used for treatment planning. Deformable image registration was performed to map each CT set from the peak-inhale respiration phase to the CT image sets corresponding to subsequent respiration phases. Deformable registration allows the contours defined on the peak-inhale CT to be automatically transferred to the other respiratory phase CT image sets. Treatment planning was simultaneously performed on each of the eight 3D image sets via automated scripts in which the MLC-defined beam aperture conforms to the PTV (which in this case equaled the GTV due to CT scan length limitations) plus a penumbral margin at each respiratory phase. The dose distribution from each respiratory phase CT image set was mapped back to the peak-inhale CT image set for analysis. The treatment intent of 4D planning is that the radiation beam defined by the DMLC tracks the respiration-induced target motion based on a feedback loop including the respiration signal to a real-time MLC controller. Deformation with respiration was observed for the lung tumor and normal tissues. This deformation was verified by examining the mapping of high contrast objects, such as the lungs and cord, between image sets. For the test case, dosimetric reductions for the cord, heart, and lungs were found for 4D planning compared with 3D planning. 4D radiotherapy planning for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking is feasible and may offer tumor dose escalation and/or a reduction in treatment-related complications. However, 4D planning requires new planning tools, such as deformable registration and automated treatment planning on multiple CT image sets.
Pulmonary atresia with obstructed ventricular septal defect

Two patients with pulmonary atresia had a loud holosystolic murmur and an obstructed ventricular septal defect. Case 1 simulated pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, presenting at 3 months of age with venous congestion, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and suprasystemic right ventricular pressure. Case 2 had a right ventricular systolic pressure that was initially at the systemic level but had increased to a suprasystemic level by 3 years of age. Autopsy showed that the ventricular septal defect was large in each case but was obstructed by tricuspid valve tissue in case 1 and by a hypertrophied septal band in case 2.
Neural networks for the analysis of small pulmonary nodules

Abstract Purpose: Small pulmonary nodules can be readily detected by computed tomography (CT). The goal of this detection is to diagnose early lung cancer as the five year survival at this early stage is over 70% in contradistinction to the overall 5-year survival of around 10%. Critical to the efficacy of CT for early lung cancer detection is the ability to distinguish between benign and malignant nodules. We explored the usefulness of neural networks (NNs) to help in this differentiation. Methods: CT images of 28 pulmonary nodules, 14 benign and 14 malignant, each having a diameter less than 3 cm were selected. All were sufficiently malignant in appearance to require needle biopsy and surgery. The statistical-multiple object detection and location system (S-MODALS) NN technique developed for automatic target recognition (ATR) was used to differentiate between these benign and malignant nodules. Results: S-MODALS was able to correctly identify all but three benign nodules. S-MODALS classified a nodule as malignant because it looked similar to other malignant nodules. It identified the most similar nodules to display them to the radiologist. The specific features of the nodule that determined its classification were also shown, so that S-MODALS is not simply a “black box” technique but gives insight into the NN diagnostics. Conclusion: This initial evaluation of S-MODALS NNs using pulmonary nodules whose CT features were very suspicious for lung cancer demonstrated the potential to reduce the number of biopsies without missing malignant nodules. S-MODALS performed well, but additional optimization of the techniques specifially for CT images would further enhance its performance.
Cerebal norepinephrine depletion enhances recovery after brain ischemia

Monoamine neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine (NE), may have an important role in the pathophysiological aspects of postischemic cerebral dysfunction. In previous studies of post-decapitation-induced ischemia, we found that NE depletion caused a delay in glycogen breakdown but did not influence any of the other known biochemical abnormalities that accompany brain ischemia. In this study, we have turned to a model of transient incomplete and diffuse forebrain ischemia in the rat to examine the effects of cerebral NE depletion on the recovery after brain ischemia of levels of high-energy phosphate compounds, products of intermediary oxidative metabolism, and free fatty acids. We found that a unilateral lesion of the locus ceruleus and the resultant depletion of NE in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex had no effect on sham-operated controls nor on rats subjected to ischemia alone. However, in rats subjected to ischemia followed by 15 minutes of recirculation, the NE-depleted cerebral cortex had significantly higher phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate levels and energy charge, and lower adenosine monophosphate and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations. With longer periods of recirculation, these side-to-side differences were not apparent. These results suggest that activity of the central NE systems during transient brain ischemia has deleterious effects on the biochemical recovery of the cerebral cortex from severe ischemic insults.
Small-volume baddeleyite (ZrO2) U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotope geochemistry by LA-ICP-MS. Techniques and applications

Abstract U–Pb geochronology of baddeleyite (ZrO 2 ) is an increasingly used tool in the Earth and planetary sciences for determining the crystallization and emplacement ages of mafic igneous rocks. Additionally, baddeleyite has a strong affinity for hafnium and preferentially excludes the REE's, making it an important repository of Hf isotopic compositions, which can be used to provide constraints on the origin of these rocks. In this contribution we introduce a technique for U–Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotopic analysis of baddeleyite by LA-MC-ICP-MS. A systematic study of crystals with known ages demonstrates that our methodology is capable of producing 207 Pb/ 206 Pb results that are precise and accurate to within 1% of their TIMS values at a 2-sigma confidence level, while Phanerozoic crystals can generally be dated to within 1.5 to 3.0% accuracy using their 206 Pb/ 238 U compositions. These results are routinely reproducible with a variety of laser-spot sizes ranging from 30 to 10 μm in diameter and with crater depths as shallow as ~ 3 μm in depth. This represents a significant improvement in the sampled volume generally used for LA-ICP-MS geochronology and is a critical step for dating small baddeleyite crystals either as mineral separates or identified in situ within thin sections. No orientation-dependent biases on the measured 206 Pb/ 238 U values were identified from our data, suggesting that LA-ICP-MS dating of Phanerozoic crystals can be routinely performed without the biases previously reported for SIMS instruments. Our data show that initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios can be determined with an accuracy as good as 0.5 eHf units by taking the mean of 10 to 30 individual spot analyses acquired with a 40 μm beam-diameter. These U–Pb and Hf results are comparable to what can be routinely achieved for zircon by LA-MC-ICP-MS. In addition to the methodological approach, we report a high-precision U–Pb TIMS age and four solution-MC-ICP-MS Hf isotopic results for new and/or important baddeleyite localities. These new data are used here to assess the adequacy of our fractionation, interference and mass-bias corrections and can be used as a basis for addressing the accuracy of LA-ICP-MS U–Pb and Lu–Hf data for future inter-laboratory calibration efforts.
The role of aldosterone in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

A continuous sc infusion of aldosterone for 2 weeks (10 micrograms/day) markedly increased the blood pressure of male, adrenalectomized (ADX), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from 142 to 178 mm Hg, which was similar to the increase seen in a group of sham-operated SHR. The blood pressure in a group of ADX SHR maintained without aldosterone declined from 141 to 119 mm Hg during the 2 weeks after surgery. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated in an identical fashion remained normotensive throughout. Adrenalectomy caused hyperkalemia in all strains of rat. Plasma potassium levels in aldosterone-treated WKY and SD rats were lower than those in sham-operated controls, but were similar to those in corresponding groups of SHR. Acute renal responses of ADX male rats showed that SHR reabsorbed more water and sodium of an injected isotonic saline load than WKY rats and excreted less potassium than either WKY or SD rats. Sensitivity to aldosterone in the three strains of rats was compared using the urinary sodium to creatinine and potassium to creatinine ratios 1-3 h postinjection of aldosterone. Decreases in the urinary ratio of sodium to creatinine in response to various doses of aldosterone (0-1.25 micrograms aldosterone) were similar for the three strains of rat. ADX SHR appeared to be less responsive to the kaliuretic actions of aldosterone than WKY and SD rats. The present studies show that aldosterone is essential to the development of hypertension in SHR. The hypertensinogenic actions of aldosterone in these rats may be related to a blunted kaliuretic response to mineralocorticoids.
Transverse radial flow effects on two- and three-particle angular correlations

Abstract We use a simple a transverse radial boost scenario coupled to PYTHIA events to illustrate the impact radial flow may have of two- and three-particle correlation functions measured in heavy-ion collisions. We show that modest radial velocities can impart strong modifications to the correlation functions, some of which may be interpreted as same side ridge and away side structure that can mimic conical emission.
Characterization of liver epithelial cells transfected with myc and/or ras oncogenes.

While many liver tumors contain activatedmyc andras oncogenes, the mechanisms by which these genes contribute to cellular transformation is poorly understood. Activated versions of the cellular oncogenes,c-myc and/orc-H-ras were transfected into normal rat liver epithelial cells to identify cellular pathways that are altered in the cells containing the oncogenes. The results of these and other investigations indicate that the biological properties associated with the transfection ofc-myc include immortalization, reduced contact inhibition of growth, activation of phospholipase A2-mediated pathways, increased sensitivity to transformation with aras gene, and greatly increased sensitivity to growth factors. The biological properties associated with the transfection of theras gene include morphological transformation, anchorage-independent growth, tumorigenicity, increased phosphotidylinositol metabolism, the induction of growth-factor processing and secretion, which leads to (exogenous) growth factor-independent tumor growth, and a marked resistance to normal inhibitors of growth such as TGF-β. It is proposed that the complementary actions of themyc andras genes in cellular transformation may be related to theras-induced secretion of autocrine growth factors by cells sensitized to their effects by themyc gene. The increased stimulus for growth coupled to aras-induced insensitivity to growth inhibitors may lead to clonal expansion of these cells and tumor development.
Stereotypies elicited by injection of N-propylnorapomorphine into striatal subregions and nucleus accumbens

Abstract Injection of the dopamine (DA) agonist R-(−)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA; 5–40 μg) into anterior ventral striatal sites (either lateral (VL) or medial (VM) elicited dose-dependent oral and sniffing stereotypies of rapid onset, long duration and high intensity. In contrast, injection into anterior dorsolateral (DL) or posterior ventral (lateral (PL) or medial (PM)) sites produced little oral and moderate sniffing behavior of slower onset, shorter duration and low intensity. Injection into the dorsomedial (DM) striatum produced intermediate effects. Intra-accumbens NPA elicited weak oral activity and moderate sniffing which was similar in onset, duration and intensity to the least sensitive striatal sites (DL, PM and PL). In other experiments, DA receptors were inactivated with the irreversible blocking agent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ; 6 mg/kg) and behavioral recovery was monitored by challenge with 20 μg NPA into the VL or the nucleus accumbens (NA) at various times after EEDQ. Sniffing behavior recovered rapidly (normal by day 4 in both regions), whereas oral activity required 8 (NA) and 12 days (VL) to return to control levels. The results are discussed in terms of a possible topographic distribution of behavior in the striatum. Alternatively, heterogeneity of DA receptor density may account for these findings.
Adaptive spectral apodization for sidelobe reduction in optical coherence tomography images

Often in imaging systems, the bandpass of the system is not uniform. In temporal coherence imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography, one would like to achieve the most spatially confined impulse response possible with a given source spectrum, minimizing sidelobes that blur adjacent features together. Typically the spectrum of the source is controlled in order to remove sidelobes from the measured interferogram. However, the measured interferogram is not necessarily the best estimate of the scattering density of the object. In this work, a sidelobe supression method is proposed and demonstrated to achieve low sidelobes even with highly nonuniform, non-Gaussian spectra.
Analysis of carbon monoxide by molecular sieve trapping

Abstract The determination of carbon monoxide is demonstrated trapping CO on preconditioned molecular sieve and thermal desorption. Analysis in this case is performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, although the trapping technique is applicable to other suitable GC techniques. Storage of the trapped sample for an indefinite time is possible with no degradation, even at several tenths of mg m −3 . Detection limits of 100 μg m −3 are reported with a linear dynamic range that permits analysis in the mg m −3 range. Balance gas interferences are reduced, but not eliminated.
Finite element method for the accurate analysis of delay line propagation characteristics

The finite element method (FEM) with tetrahedral elements has been applied to a meander delay line problem for determining propagation characteristics. S/sub 11/ at the input port and the field variation right above the delay line are calculated and compared with reference data. The effects of meander line spacing and meander line length on the output voltage are also investigated. Results are obtained for various dielectric substrates having different thicknesses.
Autoimmunity in gonadal dysgenesis and Klinefelter's syndrome.

Abstract Antibodies to thyroid, gastric parietal cells, rabbit ovarian cytoplasm, or antinuclear factor were detected in 31 out of 45 patients with gonadal dysgenesis, in 16 out of 23 of their mothers, and in 9 out of 20 of their fathers. Each parent had a positive test for one or other antibody in 9 of the 17 instances in which both parents were tested. The incidence of antibodies was significantly higher in patients than in their controls (9/45); in patients' mothers than in their controls (8/23); and in patients' fathers than in their controls (0/20). The incidence of antibodies in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and in eunuchoid males was not higher than in their male controls.
Electron-limiting defect complex in hyperdoped GaAs: The D D X center

The physical properties and chemical trends of defects in GaAs under the hyperdoping situation are investigated and found to be very different from those in the impurity limit. We show that at high dopant concentrations, a defect complex denoted as the $DDX$ center becomes the dominant ``killer'' to limit the electron carrier concentration, whereas in the impurity limit, the electron carrier concentration is usually limited by the well-known $DX$ center. The $DDX$ center shows some opposite chemical trends compared to the $DX$ center. For example, to avoid the $DX$ center, anion site donors are preferred, but to avoid the $DDX$ center, cation site donors are better. Our proposed mechanism is able to explain some puzzling experimental observations.
Off-axis quantitative phase imaging processing using CUDA: toward real-time applications

We demonstrate real time off-axis Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) using a phase reconstruction algorithm based on NVIDIA’s CUDA programming model. The phase unwrapping component is based on Goldstein’s algorithm. By mapping the process of extracting phase information and unwrapping to GPU, we are able to speed up the whole procedure by more than 18.8× with respect to CPU processing and ultimately achieve video rate for mega-pixel images. Our CUDA implementation also supports processing of multiple images simultaneously. This enables our imaging system to support high speed, high throughput, and real-time image acquisition and visualization.
Reactivity of sulfhydryl groups in the brush-border membranes of chick duodena is increased by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Abstract The total amount and reactivity of SH-groups were determined in isolated duodenal brush-border membranes from rachitic given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)2D3) before isolation of the membranes. I,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly increased the total amount of SH groups (9.7 ± 2.3 vs. 23.9 ± 2.1, P
Electron-microscopic localization of the binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to T7 DNA in vitro

Abstract The binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to T7 DNA during in vitro RNA synthesis has been studied by electron microscopy using a new technique. Early in the course of the reaction small blobs, which are interpreted as RNA polymerase molecules, are seen near one end of the T7 DNA molecule. As the reaction proceeds, larger structures, which are interpreted as complexes of enzyme and newly synthesized RNA, appear further in from the end. The data support a model in which the enzyme initiates synthesis in a small region near one end of the T7 genome.
Bad Day at Bukit Pekan

The Senoi Semai of Malaysia have acquired a reputation as one of the most nonviolent peoples known to anthropology. This essay explores the question of Semai violence through interviews with men who have committed homicide while in a state of possession, and with a participant in a 1949 massacre of Chinese villagers that was carried out in retaliation for a raid on a Semai village by Chinese Communist insurgents. In Semai storytelling violence is recounted with relish, while first-person accounts of violent acts are descriptively revealing but emotionally neutral.
Further Comments on the “Nonrevolution” Arising From Axiomatic Measurement Theory

Cliff's (1992) commentary on the failure of axiomatic measurement theory (AMT) to generate as much impact on cognitive psychology and psychometrics as he had once anticipated invites further commentary. For the most part, we do not disagree with his observations, but we believe that some amplification and clarification may be helpful. We attempt to establish three major points: 1. There are areas of psychology (e.g., decision making and psychophysics) in which AMT has had considerably more impact than Cliff acknowledges, and in these areas it assumes the form of theory, not scale, construction. 2. There are results of a new type (described in Luce, Krantz, Suppes, & Tversky, 1990; Narens, 1985), less well known than those of Krantz, Luce, Suppes, and Tversky (1971), about which Cliff makes no comment. These results should be of broad interest in psychology for two reasons: They provide a shelf of nonadditive representations that can be drawn upon along with the traditional additive and multiplicative ones, and they give better understanding about how to apply meaningfulness and invariance arguments. 3. The failure of measurement to "take" in cognition and psychometrics is related to a deep conceptual question conceming the relationship between statistics, as away of describing randomness, and measurement, as a way of describing structure. The lack ofan adequate theory for this relationship is, in reality, a weakness of both fields. Our observations do not undercut Cliffs charge that a possibly major reason for the limited impact lies with the researchers themselves. There is no question that our published works tend to be mathematically accessible only to persons having some exposure to abstract algebra, geometry, and topology. Except for Roberts, whose 1979 book describes some of the major additive models and their applications, the field is still awaiting someone willing and able to write a suitable bridging work. We suspect this is a major reason why Cliff and others seem unaware of some of the important applications and de
Strain in African American and White American Caregivers of Hospitalized Elderly Implications for Discharge Planning

This study investigated the relationship between race and strain in family caregivers of hospitalized older patients. Data came from a sample of 176 African American and 194 White American caregivers who were identified as part of a prospective study of changes in functional status of older hospitalized patients. When interaction terms were added to a multivariate model assessing the relationship between race and strain, race lost its significant influence on strain. Instead, its combination with two other variables-being an adult child caregiver and being married-emerged as important correlates. Being an adult child had deleterious consequences for White caregivers, whereas being married had advantageous consequences for African American caregivers. Findings emphasize the need to reevaluate how the race variable is used in future research and the need for hospital staff to be sensitive to racial diversity when working with families to plan for older patients' discharge.
A new statistical approach to Chinese Pinyin input

Chinese input is one of the key challenges for Chinese PC users. This paper proposes a statistical approach to Pinyin-based Chinese input. This approach uses a trigram-based language model and a statistically based segmentation. Also, to deal with real input, it also includes a typing model which enables spelling correction in sentence-based Pinyin input, and a spelling model for English which enables modeless Pinyin input.
Investigations of the Neuropil On the Analysis of Axon Terminals in the Dentate Nucleus

Previous chapters dealt with the perikarya of neurons and neuroglia of the dentate nucleus and particular attention was devoted to the distribution of axon terminals on the somata and proximal dendrites of the neurons. This leaves however, a considerable portion of the dentate nucleus still unexplored, in particular, the neuropil, or the nervous tissue surrounding but not occupied by neuronal or neuroglial cell bodies. The neuropil consists of parts of dendrites and their appendages, axons of all origins and descriptions, synaptic contacts between axons and dendrites, and neuroglial processes. The present chapter will resume the fine structural analysis of the dentate nucleus by review of the investigations of this neuropil, with particular attention to the population of axon terminals.
The Culture Of Black Drum (Pogonias Cromis) In Cages Receiving Effluent From A Power Plant

Black drum (Pogonias cromis) were cultured from 17 June 1974, until 15 May 1975, in 0.16 m3 cylindrical cages in the plant intake water and in heated effluent at stations 1, 2, and 3 located increasing distances from the inlet of the once-through 1053 ha cooling lake of an upper Galveston Bay electric generating station. All caged drum died at the intake station by 12 November, while survival during summer and fall (17 June-19 November, 155 days) was 97% or higher at all stations in the cooling lake. Survival during winter and spring was poor with complete mortality occurring by 11 January, 9 May and 15 May at stations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Deaths were associated with periods of poor water quality due to heavy rainfall and resultant low salinities. Intake water was the most variable in salinity while changes were less extreme and not as sudden as the effluent moved through the lake resulting in greater survival of fish at more distance stations. During summer and fall greatest mean daily length and weight gains, recorded at station 3, were 0.60 mm/day and 0.98 g/day, respectively. Food conversion values ranged from 3.56 for drum in a cage at station 3 to 48.44 for a cage of drum at the intake. During winter and spring (20 November-15 May, 177 days) growth continued, but mean daily length and weight gains were very small (0.07 mm/day and 0.17 g/day—station 3). The length-weight relationship and standard length-total length conversion equations for drum cultured in cages are: log W = -9.861 + 2.868 (log SL) and TL = 3.426 + 1.236 (SL).
TGF-beta family factors in Drosophila morphogenesis.

Many Drosophila genes have now been identified with substantial sequence similarity to vertebrate protooncogenes and growth factors. Some of these have been isolated directly by cross-hybridization with vertebrate probes and some have been recognized in the sequences of genes cloned because of their intiguing mutant phenotypes. An example of a gene isolated for its interesting development functions but with homology to a vertebrate growth factor is the Drosophila decapentaplegic gene (dpp). An example of a Drosophila gene isolated by virtue of its sequence conservation is the vgr/60A gene. Both dpp and vgr/60A are members of the transforming growth factor-β family and are most similar to the human bone morphogenetic proteins. The regulation of the dpp gene by several different groups of pattern formation genes including the dorsal/ventral group, the terminal group, the segment polarity genes, and the homeotic genes indicates that many events in embryogenesis require the cell to cell communication mediated by the secreted dpp protein. The temporal and spatial pattern of vgr/60A expression differs from that of dpp indicating that it may be regulated by different pattern information genes. The experimental advantages of the Drosophila system should permit a better understanding of the importance of growth factor homologs in specific developmental events, aid in establishing the functional interactions between these regulatory molecules, and identify new genes that are important for the biological functions of growth factors. It is likely that some of the newly identified genes will have vertebrate homologs and the analysis of these may be helpful in studies on vertebrate development and tumor biology. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
What does the Keane et al. PTSD scale for the MMPI measure

The correlations of the Keane, Malloy, and Fairbank (1984) MMPI PTSD scale with DSM-III-based post-traumatic stress disorder symptom, section, and factor score ratings, and with combat history, were studied to determine what aspects of the disturbance it measures (N = 61). The scale's correlations with the various symptom criteria were both substantial and strikingly consistent. However, its relationships with trauma history measures were modest and frequently nonsignificant. The data suggest that the scale is a moderately strong measure of the various PTSD symptoms, but is related only weakly to trauma history.
A new science and engineering career interest survey for middle school students

This study describes the development and validation of a science and engineering (S/E) career interest survey (CIS). This 56 question survey was developed to measure the overall S/E career interests of 7th through 9th grade students. In the CIS, a S/E career is characterized as one which requires the completion of at least a four-year college program with a major in science, science education, or engineering. The CIS is divided into four major parts. In Part I (30 questions), students are expected to select from occupational activities, while in Part II (20 questions) they are to select from various occupations. Part III (5 questions) and Part IV together make up the CIS internal verification scale. The CIS test-retest reliability coefficients for one week and eight months were calculated as 0.96 (n = 57, grades 7–9) and 0.78 (n = 1937, grade 8), respectively. The KR-21 estimate for the CIS was calculated as 0.92. Criterion-related validity coefficients were calculated in two ways: (a) CIS scores were correlated with the Kuder GIS science subscale (r = 0.75, n = 45, grades 7–9), and (b) CIS scores were correlated with a CIS internal verification scale (r = 0.59, n = 127, grades 7–9). Evidence to support the construct validity of the CIS was collected by two methods: (a) for 7–9 grade students (n = 45), the CIS score was found to correlate 0.75 with the scientific subscale and −0.42 with the artistic sub-scale, of the Kuder GIS. (b) the second method compared the scores of known groups. Test results for students in grades 7-9 (n = 127; n = 1937) showed a statistically significant difference between the scores of boys and girls on S/E career interest. The readability of the CIS was seventh grade level.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Risk for Child Sexual Abuse

This study inspected the strength of different risk factors for childhood sexual abuse among 179 preadolescent girls (M age = 9 years). The families in our study were oversampled for spousal violence. Mothers and daughters were interviewed about the daughters' experience with sexual abuse and their narratives were coded. When maternal and child reports were collapsed, 18% of the girls were victims of sexual abuse. Included among the risk factors for sexual abuse were interparental violence, family isolation and residential mobility, whether a stepfather was in the home, and maternal and paternal problems including drug use, psychopathology, and a prior history of sexual abuse. Girls in our sample whose mothers were sexually abused were 3.6 times more likely to be sexually victimized. Maternal sexual abuse history combined with maternal drug use placed daughters at the most elevated risk (odds ratio = 23.7). Maternal sexual abuse history indicates a strong potential for the intergenerational transmission o...
Effect of Pullout Lessons on the Academic Achievement of Eighth-Grade Band Students.

This study examined the effect of pullout instrumental lessons on the academic achievement of eighth-grade band students. Participants (N = 353) included 292 nonband students and 61 band students p...
An investigation of numerical computations for inverse dynamics of robotic systems

The author investigates four prominent numerical integration methods used to integrate the inverse dynamics of a manipulator system, namely, the modified Euler, Runge-Kutta, Adams-Bashforth, and Hamming methods. The study is based on the inverse dynamics computation of a two-link open-chain manipulator. The numerical results suggest that the Adams-Bashforth method is not suitable for integrating inverse dynamics of a manipulator system for step size greater than 0.01 s. For any given step size, the modified Euler method is approximately twice as efficient as the Runge-Kutta method. However, these two methods are piecewise stable for various step sizes. It is also observed that Hamming's method should not be used in integrating the inverse dynamics of a manipulator system because it suffers from stability problems. In addition, the simulation results show that it will be better to choose smaller step size in control of a task if high precision is required. >
Signal processing in neuron network: a radically different view

The neuron network in the inner catfish retina was studied by injecting current from the one neuron and recording resulting responses into a nearby neuron. Current injected into an amacrine or a ganglion cell always produced a response from neighboring amacrine or ganglion cells chosen randomly. Bidirectional communications were found to exist for neurons of similar response patterns, e.g. on-cell pair, off-cell pair, or on-off cell pairs. These communications are mutually excitatory, fast, and likely linear. Single transmission between neurons of different response patterns was also shown to exist. >
An Efficiency Evaluation of Protocols for Tight Glycemic Control in Intensive Care Units

BACKGROUND: The efficiency of protocols for tight glycemic control is uncertain despite their adoption in hospitals. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficiency of protocols for tight glycemic control used in intensive care units. METHODS: Three separate studies were performed: (1) a third-party observer used a stopwatch to do a time-motion analysis of patients being treated with a protocol for tight glycemic control in 3 intensive care units, (2) charts were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency of deviations from the protocol, and (3) a survey assessing satisfaction with and knowledge of the protocol was administered to full-time nurses. RESULTS: Time-motion data were collected for 454 blood glucose determinations from 38 patients cared for by 47 nurses. Mean elapsed times from blood glucose result to therapeutic action were 2.24 (SD, 1.67) minutes for hypoglycemia and 10.65 (SD, 3.24) minutes for hyperglycemia. Mean elapsed time to initiate an insulin infusion was 32.56 (SD, 12.83) minutes. Chart review revealed 734 deviations from the protocol in 75 patients; 57% (n = 418) were deviations from scheduled times for blood glucose measurements. The mean number of deviations was approximately 9 per patient. Of 60 nurses who responded to the workload survey, 42 (70%) indicated that the protocol increased their workload; frequency of blood glucose determinations was the most common reason. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses spend substantial time administering protocols for tight glycemic control, and considerable numbers of deviations occur during that process. Further educational efforts and ongoing assessment of the impact of such protocols are needed.
Boosting Application-Specific Parallel I/O Optimization Using IOSIG

Many scientific applications spend a significant portion of their execution time in accessing data from files. Various optimization techniques exist to improve data access performance, such as data prefetching and data layout optimization. However, optimization process is usually a difficult task due to the complexity involved in understanding I/O behavior. Tools that can help simplify the optimization process have a significant importance. In this paper, we introduce a tool, called IOSIG, for providing a better understanding of parallel I/O accesses and information to be used for optimization techniques. The tool enables tracing parallel I/O calls of an application and analyzing the collected information to provide a clear understanding of I/O behavior of the application. We show that performance overheads of the tool in trace collection and analysis are negligible. The analysis step creates I/O signatures that various optimizations can use for improving I/O performance. I/O signatures are compact, easy-to-understand, and parameterized representations containing data access pattern information such as size, strides between consecutive accesses, repetition, timing, etc. The signatures include local I/O behavior for each process and global behavior for an overall application. We illustrate the usage of the IOSIG tool in data prefetching and data layout optimizations.
Use of reflectance interference contrast microscopy to characterize the endothelial glycocalyx stiffness.

Reflectance interference contrast microscopy (RICM) was used to study the mechanics of the endothelial glycocalyx. This technique tracks the vertical position of a glass microsphere probe that appl...
Analysis of liver-directed therapies in U.S. cancer patients.

Background The liver is a common site of primary and metastatic cancer. Liver-directed therapies are commonly used to treat cancer involving the liver. We report on the patterns, predictors, and outcomes of liver-directed therapies in hospitalized cancer patients in the United States. Methods Data were obtained from all U.S. states that contributed to the Nationwide Inpatient Sample maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality between 2006 and 2010. Univariate and multivariate testing was used to identify factors significantly associated with patient outcome. Results For the 5-year period of interest, 12,540 patient discharges were identified. Mean age in the sample was 60 years. Primary liver lesions ( n = 8840) made up 26.9% of the sample; the remaining cases were metastases. Most procedures were performed in large (79%) urban (98%) hospitals and in patients with insurance (97.9%). The most common intervention was partial hepatectomy (42.7%), followed by open (9.9%), percutaneous (7.2%), and laparoscopic (5.04%) ablation of liver lesions; embolization (9.8%); and liver transplantation (2.64%). The incidence of in-hospital mortality was very low (2.4%), and the complication rate was 12.2%. Complications such as acute liver necrosis, ascites, hepatic coma, hepatorenal syndrome, liver abscess, and high number of comorbid illnesses (>8) accounted for 60% of the in-hospital mortality. Conclusions The low rate of morbidity and mortality associated with liver-directed therapies in hospitalized cancer patients supports the continuing utility of such procedures in the management of primary and metastatic liver cancer. The patterns of health disparities observed with respect to the use of liver-directed therapies are concerning.
Macro and micro issues in turbulent mixing

Numerical prediction of turbulent mixing can be divided into two subproblems: to predict the geometrical extent of a mixing region and to predict the mixing properties on an atomic or molecular scale, within the mixing region. The former goal suffices for some purposes, while important problems of chemical reactions (e.g. flames) and nuclear reactions depend critically on the second goal in addition to the first one. Here we review recent progress in establishing a conceptual reformulation of convergence, and we illustrate these concepts with a review of recent numerical studies addressing turbulence and mixing in the high Reynolds number limit. We review significant progress on the first goal, regarding the mixing region, and initial progress on the second goal, regarding atomic level mixing properties. New results concerning non-uniqueness of the infinite Reynolds number solutions and other consequences of a renormalization group point of view, to be published in detail elsewhere, are summarized here.
Introduction to the Forum on Hospital Management

California Management Review published a Special issue on health care in Fall 2000. We now follow up with a Forum on hospitals. The 2000 Special issue addressed the business aspects of health care. These are surely critical, given that health care expenditures in the U.S. are over $1 trillion annually and the share of GDP devoted to healthcare is 14% and rising. The articles in this Forum, by contrast, focus more internally, on the organizational and managerial challenges of health care organizations, notably hospitals. These issues are no less critical. There are two reasons for a focus on hospital management. First, the stakes are huge. Hospital charges are the largest single component in the trillion-dollar price of health care, accounting for about half of all third-party health care payments by government agencies and private insurers. Moreover, somewhere between 44,000 to 98,000 people die each year as a result of medical errors in hospitals. Second, hospitals hold lessons applicable to a much broader array of organizations. Three factors make hospitals particularly interesting.
Nucleotide metabolism by gastric glands and H+-K+-ATPase-enriched membranes

α-Toxin-permeabilized gastric glands represent a functional model in which acid secretion can be elicited by either adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or ATP, with proven morphological and...
Beyond 3G

Beyond 3G is the official IEEE designation for the next stage of wireless technology that some people call 4G or fourth-generation radio. Over the years, every conceptual shift in wireless technology has been characterized as a generational change. Third generation includes wideband mobile multimedia networks and broadband mixed wireless systems. The mobile systems support variable data rates depending on demand and the level of mobility. Typically 144 kb/s is supported for full vehicular mobility and higher bandwidths for pedestrian levels of mobility. Switched packet radio techniques and wideband CDMA-like systems (as the physical channel is) rather than assigned physical channel schemes (referred to as circuit switched) are required to support this bandwidth-on-demand environment. There are two essential concepts beyond 3G. One of these is the provision of data transmission at rates of 100 Mb/s while mobile and 1 Gb/s while stationary. The other concept is that of pervasive networks where a handset supports many access technologies (e.g., cellular, UMTS, and WiFi) perhaps simultaneously and smoothly transitions between them
Z Dependence of the K-LL Auger Rates

A comparison between the nonrelativistic total $K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LL}$ Auger rates of McGuire and our calculations is presented. The effects of the exchange approximations on the Auger rates are also presented.
Blunted responses to heart failure symptoms in adults with mild cognitive dysfunction.

Introduction: Mild cognitive dysfunction is common among adults with heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that mild cognitive dysfunction would be associated with poor HF self-care behaviors, particularly patients’ ability to respond to symptoms. Methods: We analyzed data on 148 participants in an observational study of symptoms in adults with moderate-to-advanced HF. Mild cognitive dysfunction was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; range, 0Y30), using cutoff scores for the general population (26) and for adults with cardiovascular disease (24). Heart failure self-care management (evaluation and response to HF symptoms) was measured with the Self-care of HF Index, and consulting behaviors (calling a provider when symptoms occur) were measured using the European HF Self-care Behavior Scale-9. Generalized linear modeling and hierarchical linear modeling were used to quantify the relationship between MoCA cutoff scores and indices of HF self-care. Results: The mean age of the sample was 57 T 12 years, 61.5% were men, and 58.8% had class III/IV HF; the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 28% T 12%. Using MoCA scores of 26 and 24, respectively, 33.1% and 14.2% of the sample had mild cognitive dysfunction. Controlling for common confounders, participants with MoCA scores lower than 26 reported self-care comparable with that of participants with MoCA scores of 26 or higher. Participants with MoCA scores lower than 24, however, reported 21.5% worse self-care management (P = 0.014) and 51% worse consulting behaviors (P G 0.001) compared with participants with MoCA scores of 24 or higher. Conclusions: A disease-specific cutoff for mild cognitive dysfunction reveals marked differences patients’ ability to recognize and respond to HF symptoms when they occur. Adults with HF and mild cognitive dysfunction are a vulnerable patient group in great need of interventions that complement HF self-care.