cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endogenous cannabinoid signaling and psychomotor disorders

The effects of cannabinoids on motor behaviors and cognitive functions are well documented. The discovery of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and the mapping of its distribution in the central nervous system have provided a rationale to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cannabinoid actions. The identification of naturally occurring ligands for these receptors, anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, has prompted a large research effort aimed at investigating the physiological role of the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as its potential use as a target for novel therapeutic interventions. This mini-review discusses the participation of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the regulation of motor behaviors, pointing out its possible involvement in the pathophysiology of psychomotor disorders.
Aspects of Rural Labor Market Operation: A Javanese Case Study

There is a marked tendency to regard rural workers as an undifferentiated and homogeneous mass. In reality, the agricultural labor force in many parts of Asia is extremely diverse, composed of men, women, and children from both landowning and landless households. The central concern of this paper is the extent to which households in each of these asset classes are likely to benefit from an increase in labor demand and wage rates. On the basis of evidence from a densely-populated rice village in Central Java, we argue that an expansion in productive types of employment may have a differential impact on smalllandowners and the landless, with the latter gaining less than the former. The reasons for this derive from the way in which control over rice land influences both labor supply behavior and access to work opportunities in differentiated labor markets. As far as labor supply is concerned, both men and women from the small-landowning class are highly responsive to increases in wage rates. Conversely, the security afforded to smalllandowning households of being able to produce a large proportion of their basic rice needs enables women to withdraw from the labor force in slack seasons when wage rates decline and working conditions deteriorate. In contrast, the landless have to purchase virtually all their rice, and confront substantial seasonal price fluctuations in food-grain markets. Survival depends on a close degree of coordination among the activities of household members, and on women and girls being willing to work long hours at extremely low wage rates in slack seasons. Given their need to ensure a constant flow of income into the household, the landless are less able than small-landowners to engage in more remunerative activities which are of a relatively short-term nature, particularly if this is likely to jeopardize more stable, low-wage employment. There are also strong indications that wh favorable opportunities do arise, the nature of class and labor relations are such that small-landowning households are likely to have preferential access. The basic thrust of this paper is that in order o assess the impact of an increase in labor d mand, it is essential to gain a detailed, micro-level understanding of household allocational strategies and the operation of the system of class and labor relations. These considerations are reflected in the following two sections which describe and analyze the salient features of the structure and functioning of labor markets in the study village.
Two properties of projective orders

We prove a closure property of the class of projective orders without infinite chains, and strengthen Larose's theorem on the equivalence between projectivity and quasiprojectivity for finite orders.
The master equation of string theory

Abstract A general method is presented for deriving on-shell Ward identities in string theory. It is shown that all tree-level Ward identities can be summarized in a single quadratic differential equation for the generating function of all amplitudes. This result is extended to loop amplitudes and leads to a master equation a la Batalin-Vilkovisky for the complete partition function.
A Handbook for Whom

Many centuries ago, an early Confucian administrative reformer, Fan Zhong-yan, warned public administrators that they ought to start worrying long before the rest of the world, but that after the world rejoiced, they could, too.' What he meant was that they had to be one step ahead of everybody else in running public affairs, and if they did well enough, they could afford to relax on a job well done-that is, public administrators have to understand their subject matter so well and understand the causal relationships so well that they know what is coming next and can take steps in advance to prevent catastrophes, which is a crucial function of the public sector. Today, he would probably urge them to keep abreast of their field of public policy, administration, and management by anticipating developments and refreshing themselves on the sage wisdom of the age so that they are not caught unawares. Public administrators can easily do that these days because, as in other disciplines, they are being flooded by handbooks purporting to be instruction manuals or encyclopedic references or scholarly surveys of the current state of the art.
Characterizing Geographic Information And Analysis Needs In New York State: An Overview and Assessment

The use of computer technology to analyze and to manage geographic information is becoming commonplace among public and private organizations in virtually all 50 States. The manner in which this information technology is being assembled and deployed is of increasing interest to administrators, practitioners and academicians alike. This paper summarizes the findings for this type of activity in New York State. The reality is GIS dissemination activities are scattered about, the activities themselves are piecemeal, and the principal effort is for creating digital geo-referenced databases that support automated map production. With regard to New York State in particular, and an outcome of analysis of results obtained from an experts' meeting (the Minnowbrook Workshop), primary use of GIS is to automate the production of maps and to integrate environmental and socio-economic data for enhancing environmental management activities. With regard to the integration and linking of geographic information, the adopti...
Simulation of Hindered-Settling Column Separations When Processing Fine Anthracite Refuse

A phenomenological model, termed “the dynamic hindered-settling model,” was used to evaluate the performance of a hindered-settling column when processing fine anthracite refuse. The model parameters were based in part on test conditions used in a previous study evaluating the use of a laboratory hindered-settling column for recovering − 1.2 mm anthracite from refuse material. Simulations were carried out to assess column performance as a function of operating and design variables, including teeter water rate, bed height, column height, and solids feed rate. Partition curves with corresponding parameters for density separation were used to compare the simulation results. The simulations showed that good separations are possible, depending on the material properties of the feed, and the design and operating conditions of the column.
The dose distribution produced by a 32P source for endovascular irradiation.

Purpose: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is one of the most common therapies for obstructive coronary artery disease. Unfortunately, subsequent restenosis after percutaneous balloon angioplasty occurs in 30–50% of patients and remains one of the major unsolved problems of contemporary cardiology. The study of endovascular irradiation has been greatly stimulated by the discovery that the process of restenosis may be impaired by irradation. The objective of this study was to examine a custom-made commercial 32P wire and to determine whether the present source presentation is suitable for this application. Methods and Materials: Measurements of the dose distributon around a 3 mm logn 32P source with an activity of 0.414 GBq (11.2 mCi) were made by using LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters and a scintillation detector. The source had the dimensions of 0.3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length, and was first encapsulated by a plastic tube and then encapsulated in a specially manufactured NiTi wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm and a length of 2.6 m. The detector size effect is removed from the measurements calculations. Loevinger's equation for the dose distribution around a 32P source was used for the calculations. Results: The dose rate at a radial to the axis of teh source in an approximately exponential manner, from 53-5.3 cGy/s per GBq (∼2 to 0.2 cGy/s per mCi) as radial distances increased from 0.2 to 0.4 g/cm2 (1.5 to 3.5 mm away from the center of the source). The treatment length parallel along the wire could be as long as 24 mm for eight source dwell positions with the average dose rate of 59 cGy/s per GBq (2.2 cGy/s per mCi) and a variation of ±2.3% at a radial distance of 1.5 mm. Conclusion: Our experiments show that the dose distribution is ideal for endovascular irradiation. The source was incorporated in the end of a flexible cable and with a half-life of 14.3 dyas is suitable for endovascular irradiation.
Comparing multi-touch interaction techniques for manipulation of an abstract parameter space

The adjustment of multidimensional abstract parameter spaces, used in human-in-the-loop systems such as simulations and visualizations, plays an important role for multi-touch interaction. We investigate new natural forms of interaction to manipulate such parameter spaces. We develop separable multi-touch interaction techniques for abstract parameter space manipulation. We investigate using the index and thumb to perform the often-repeated sub-task of switching between parameters. A user study compares these multi-touch techniques with mouse-based interaction, for the task of color selection, measuring performance and efficiency. Our findings indicate that multi-touch interaction techniques are faster than mouse based interaction.
Low pH inactivation of polyphenoloxidase in apple juice

Apple polyphenoloxidase (PPO) was inactivated to 98%, 63% and 34% of the initial activity after 20 min at adjusted pH values of 2.00, 2.25 and 2.50, respectively. Higher pH values resulted in slower inactivation. In a pilot plant study, juice was acidified with HCl to pH 2.00 for 45 min and subsequently raised to the original pH with NaOH. PPO activity decreased by 88% and filtration of the juice was improved. Sensory analysis of the juice indicated that the acidified samples had a lighter but less preferred color and a disagreeable salty taste. No aroma difference was recognized.
Fifty Years of CPGs: Two Neuroethological Papers that Shaped the Course of Neuroscience

Half a century ago, two independent papers that described unexpected results of experiments on locomotion in insects and crayfish appeared almost simultaneously. Together these papers demonstrated that an animal's central nervous system (CNS) was organized to produce behaviorally important motor output without the need for constant sensory feedback. These results contradicted the established line of thought that was based on interpretations of reflexes and ablation experiments, and established that in these animals the CNS contained neural circuits that could produce complex, periodic, multisegmental patterns of activity. These papers stimulated a flowering of research on central pattern-generating mechanisms that displaced reflex-based thinking everywhere except in medical physiology texts. Here we review these papers and their influence on thinking in the 1960s, 1970s, and today. We follow the development of ideas about central organization and control of expression of motor patterns, the roles of sensory input to central pattern-generating circuits, and integration of continuous sensory signals into a periodic motor system. We also review recent work on limb coordination that provides detailed cellular explanations of observations and speculations contained in those original papers.
Effect of MgO Solute on Microstructure Development in Al2O3

The effect of MgO as a solid-solution additive in the sintering of Al2O3 was studied. The separate effects of the additive on densification and grain growth were assessed. Magnesia was found to increase the densification rate during sintering by a factor of 3 through a raising of the diffusion rate. The grain-size dependence of the densification rate indicated control primarily by grain-boundary diffusion. Magnesia also increased the grain growth rate during sintering by a factor of 2.5. The dependence of the grain growth rate on density and grain size suggested a mechanism of surface-diffusion-controlled pore drag. It was argued, therefore, that MgO enhanced grain growth by raising the surface diffusion coefficient. The effect of MgO on the densification rate/grain growth rate ratio was, therefore, found to be minimal and, consequently, MgO did not have a significant effect on the grain size/density trajectory during sintering. The role of MgO in the sintering of alumina was attributed mainly to its ability to lower the grain-boundary mobility.
Autoantibody microarrays for biomarker discovery.

Identification of autoantigens and the detection of autoantibody reactivity are useful in biomarker discovery and for explaining the role of important biochemical pathways in disease. Despite all of their potential advantages, the main challenge to working with autoantibodies is their sensitivity. Nevertheless, proteomics may hold the key to overcoming this limitation by providing the means to multiplex. Clearly, the ability to detect multiple autoantigens using a platform such as a high-density antigen microarray would improve sensitivity and specificity of detection for autoantibody profiling. The aims of this review are to: briefly describe the current status of antigen–autoantibody microarrays; provide examples of their use in biomarker discoveries; address current limitations; and provide examples and strategies to facilitate their implementation in the clinical setting.
Tyr-MIF-1 acts as an opiate antagonist in the tail-flick test

The naturally occurring brain peptide Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) was tested for its ability to block and reverse the actions of morphine in the tail-flick test. Injected peripherally either 10 minutes before or after morphine, Tyr-MIF-1, like MIF-1, was found to significantly reduce the antinociceptive actions of morphine on thermal pain. The results indicate that Tyr-MIF-i may act, in part, as an endogenous opiate antagonist.
When Synergy in Marketing Communication Online Enhances Audience Response: The Effects of Varying Advertising and Product Publicity Messages

ABSTRACT This study examines the within-participants effects of web advertising and product publicity and the between-participants effects of similar versus varied web product publicity and advertising messages on audiences9 perceived trust, message believability, and attitudes toward web advertising and product publicity. The results suggest that perceptions of trust toward the marketing communication forms are the most influential factors when integrating product publicity and advertising. When audiences determine their perceived trust toward advertising and product publicity messages, it does not really matter what the messages are. Positive increments in attitude toward the article and message believability toward the advertisement are evident, however, in the varied messages condition, compared to the similar messages condition.
Synthesis and evaluation of a ligand targeting the somatostatin-2 receptor for drug delivery to neuroendocrine cancers

Over-expression of the somatostatin-2 (SST2) receptor on plasma membranes of neuroendocrine cancer cells renders it attractive for use in targeting both imaging and therapeutic agents to neuroendocrine tumors. Peptide analogs of somatostatin have dominated this approach to date, however, many peptide analogs are either unstable in vivo or exhibit unwanted non-specific uptake in the liver and kidneys. The purpose of this Letter is to describe the preparation and evaluation of a non-peptide SST2 agonist for use in targeting drugs to neuroendocrine cancers. A non-peptide ligand for the SST2 receptor was identified from the literature as a candidate for development of targeted pharmaceuticals for neuroendocrine tumors, based on its SST2 binding affinity and selectivity for SST2 over other somatostatin receptors. It also offered a multiplicity of possible conjugation sites. Rhodamine conjugates in two positions were used for optical imaging and two compounds were internalized in an SST2 receptor transduced cell line (C6-SST2) via SST2 receptor-mediated endocytosis. Radionuclide conjugates were prepared for in vivo imaging and biodistribution studies in mice. The in vitro binding affinity of (99m)Tc conjugates ranged from a Kd of 37-494. Of these, one (99m)Tc conjugate was selected and dosed by IV injection into mice bearing C6-SST2 tumor xenografts. The highest uptake was into tumor, intestine and skin four hours after IV injection. Competition studies with octreotide, a synthetic peptide and SST2 agonist, confirmed that uptake was SST2 receptor mediated. While relatively high uptake in intestine, liver, kidneys and skin discouraged further development of the conjugate for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, the conjugate may still be worthy of further development for neuroendocrine tumor imaging.
Worksite-based parenting programs to promote healthy adolescent sexual development: a qualitative study of feasibility and potential content.

CONTEXT: Parents can play a significant role in promoting healthy sexual development and risk reduction among adolescents, but many are uncertain about how to talk with their adolescents about sex. Worksites provide an untapped but promising setting in which to reach parents to help them develop parenting and communication skills. METHODS: Focus groups with 33 employed parents of adolescents and 41 high school students, and interviews with seven worksite executives, explored the desire for worksite-based parenting programs, how best to implement programs and recommendations for content. Standard qualitative analysis techniques were used to identify major themes in participants' comments. RESULTS: Parents and employers were enthusiastic about worksite-based parenting programs. Parents reported that adolescents are reluctant to talk with them, but acknowledged their own inexperience talking about sex. Their suggestions included that programs be held at lunchtime, give participants opportunities to interact with each other and with facilitators, and give participants exercises to practice at home. Employers described potential benefits (e.g., improved employee morale) and challenges (e.g., privacy concerns) of programs. Teenagers said that their parents made false assumptions about their sexual activity if they asked about sex. Participants suggested that parenting programs cover adolescent development, sex, abstinence and communication (e.g., how to start conversations). CONCLUSIONS: A worksite-based program designed to help parents of adolescents develop communication and parenting skills could provide a way to reach busy parents. Recommendations from parents, employers and teenagers can be used to make such a program appealing and effective. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2005, 37(2):62-69
Existence and non-existence of global solutions of a non-local wave equation

We study the initial value problem where with φ(x)⩾0 and . We show that solutions exist globally for 0 1. We also present the growth rate at blow-up. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A probe-treatment-reference (PTR) model for the analysis of oligonucleotide expression microarrays

Microarray pre-processing usually consists of normalization and summarization. Normalization aims to remove non-biological variations across different arrays. The normalization algorithms generally require the specification of reference and target arrays. The issue of reference selection has not been fully addressed. Summarization aims to estimate the transcript abundance from normalized intensities. In this paper, we consider normalization and summarization jointly by a new strategy of reference selection. We propose a Probe-Treatment-Reference (PTR) model to streamline normalization and summarization by allowing multiple references. We estimate parameters in the model by the Least Absolute Deviations (LAD) approach and implement the computation by median polishing. We show that the LAD estimator is robust in the sense that it has bounded influence in the three-factor PTR model. This model fitting, implicitly, defines an "optimal reference" for each probe-set. We evaluate the effectiveness of the PTR method by two Affymetrix spike-in data sets. Our method reduces the variations of non-differentially expressed genes and thereby increases the detection power of differentially expressed genes. Our results indicate that the reference effect is important and should be considered in microarray pre-processing. The proposed PTR method is a general framework to deal with the issue of reference selection and can readily be applied to existing normalization algorithms such as the invariant-set, sub-array and quantile method.
A variant of the adi method for two-phase flow calculations

Abstract Several computer codes describing thermo-fluid-dynamic problems in two-phase flow regimes and in three-dimensional geometry solve Poisson equations for the pressure and enthalpy distributions. Numerically exact solution algorithms, based on matrix factorization or Gaussian elimination, which are expensive both in terms of core storage and computing time, can be replaced for large problems by the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method. The performance of advanced vectorizable variants of the ADI method is assessed against the classical Peaceman-Rachford scheme in the case of a two-dimensional model problem. The algorithm is then modified for applications to two-phase flow problems, taking into account the compressibility of the two phases. Three-dimensional applications, both for single- and two-phase flow, prove the applicability of the new variant of the ADI method as an alternative to the more expensive direct numerical methods.
Separation of visual pigments on columns of controlled-pore glass beads

Abstract Column chromatography of visual pigments on controlled-pore glass beads run at high pressure offers rapid, high-resolution analytical and preparative separations at room temperature. Low-temperature chromatography shows serious adsorption. Rapid elution and recycle methods add to the technique's versatility.
Duality and continuity

This paper fills the one remaining lacuna in (multiple-output) duality theory by provingjoint continuity (in input and output vectors) of cost, benefit, and (input and output) distance functions. Continuity is an important property where measurement error exists, for it provides assurance that small errors of measurement (of quantities or prices) result only in small errors in concepts like minimal cost. We consider continuity not only in prices and quantities, but also in technologies. Continuity in technologies might be more important than continjity in prices or quantities, because production technologies are almost certainly measured (or estimated) with error.
Critical conditions to avoid interface phonons in polar semiconductor superlattices.

Localized interface phonon modes are studied along the growth [001] direction in GaAs/AlAs-type and InAs/GaSb-type superlattices using the two-parameter Keating-type interaction together with the long-range Coulomb interaction. The formation of new bonds in addition to the bonds of the host components is the dominant mechanism for the localized interface modes in superlattices. The critical conditions to avoid localized interface modes in superlattices are also investigated. The differences in masses and bond-stretching force constants across the interface are the important factors for the existence of an interface mode.
Mild Heat and Proteotoxic Stress Promote Unique Subcellular Trafficking and Nucleolar Accumulation of RGS6 and Other RGS Proteins ROLE OF THE RGS DOMAIN IN STRESS-INDUCED TRAFFICKING OF RGS PROTEINS

Abstract RGS proteins comprise a large family of proteins named for their ability to negatively regulate heterotrimeric G protein signaling. RGS6 is a member of the R7 subfamily of RGS proteins possessing DEP (disheveled/Egl-10/pleckstrin) homology and GGL (G protein γ-subunit-like) domains in addition to the semiconserved RGS domain. Our previous study documented unusual complexity in splicing of the human RGS6 gene, and we demonstrated localization of various RGS6 splice forms at sites other than the plasma membrane, including the cytoplasm and nucleus, where G proteins are not localized (Chatterjee, T. K., Liu, Z., and Fisher, R. A. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 30261–30271). Here we provide new evidence that mild heat stress, proteasome-mediated proteotoxic stress, and HSF1 expression induces dramatic relocalization of RGS6 proteins from such sites to nucleoli. This response was observed in COS-7 cells expressing various splice forms of RGS6, was not elicited by other forms of cellular stress and was observed in cells treated with various protein kinase inhibitors or co-expressing a dominant-negative kinase inactive SAPK. The RGS domain of RGS6 was identified as a primary structural module providing support for its stress-induced nucleolar trafficking and various other RGS proteins or their isolated RGS domains similarly undergo nucleolar migration in response to heat or proteotoxic stress or during co-expression of HSF1. The atypical RGS domains of axin and AKAP10 also underwent stress-induced nucleolar trafficking while structural domains outside of the RGS domain of some RGS proteins can override nucleolar trafficking in response to stress. Inhibition of rDNA transcription also promoted nucleolar migration of RGS6, a response previously observed in a subset of nucleolar proteins. The DEP domain of RGS6, but not its RGS domain, conferred structural support for its transcription-linked nucleolar migration. RGS6 exhibited trafficking from subnuclear dots to nucleoli in response to heat-, proteotoxic- or transcription-linked stress. These results provide new evidence that mammalian RGS proteins undergo unique subcellular trafficking in response to specific forms of cellular stress and implicate the RGS family of proteins in cellular stress signaling pathways.
Slow mixing of glauber dynamics via topological obstructions

Many local Markov chains based on Glauber dynamics are known to undergo a phase transition as a parameter λ of the system is varied. For independent sets on the 2-dimensional Cartesian lattice, the Gibbs distribution assigns each independent set a weight λ[I], and the Markov chain adds or deletes a single vertex at each step, It is believed that there is a critical point λc a 3.79 such that for λ λc they require exponential time. We introduce a new method for showing slow mixing based on the presence or absence of certain topological obstructions in the independent sets. Using elementary arguments, we show that Glauber dynamics will be slow for sampling independent sets in 2 dimensions when λ ≥ 8.066, improving on the best known bound by a factor of 10. We also show they are slow on the torus when λ ≥ 6.183.
Intramolecular Oxymercuration of Stereoisomeric Cyclohexyl-Belted Poly(spirotetrahydrofuranyl) Platforms

The four tetraspiro carbinols 28, 30, 41, and 43 and the three trispiro cyclohexenones 25, 38, and 53 have been synthesized and individually subjected to intramolecular oxymercuration. The three-di...
Reproductive toxicity in rats with crystal nephropathy following high doses of oral melamine or cyanuric acid

The industrial chemical melamine was used in 2007 and 2008 to raise the apparent protein content in pet feed and watered down milk, respectively. Because humans may be exposed to melamine via several different routes into the human diet as well as deliberate contamination, this study was designed to characterize the effect of high dose melamine or cyanuric acid oral exposure on the pregnant animal and developing fetus, including placental transfer. Clear rectangular crystals formed following a single triazine exposure which is a different morphology from the golden spherulites caused by combined exposure or the calculi formed when melamine combines with endogenous uric acid. Crystal nephropathy, regardless of cause, induces renal failure which in turn has reproductive sequelae. Specifically, melamine alone-treated dams had increased numbers of early and late fetal deaths compared to controls or cyanuric acid-treated dams. As melamine was found in the amniotic fluid, this study confirms transfer of melamine from mammalian mother to fetus and our study provides evidence that cyanuric acid also appears in the amniotic fluid if mothers are exposed to high doses.
The Kinect as an interventional tracking system

This work explores the suitability of low-cost sensors for "serious" medical applications, such as tracking of interventional tools in the OR, for simulation, and for education. Although such tracking - i.e. the acquisition of pose data e.g. for ultrasound probes, tissue manipulation tools, needles, but also tissue, bone etc. - is well established, it relies mostly on external devices such as optical or electromagnetic trackers, both of which mandate the use of special markers or sensors attached to each single entity whose pose is to be recorded, and also require their calibration to the tracked entity, i.e. the determination of the geometric relationship between the marker's and the object's intrinsic coordinate frames. The Microsoft Kinect sensor is a recently introduced device for full-body tracking in the gaming market, but it was quickly hacked - due to its wide range of tightly integrated sensors (RGB camera, IR depth and greyscale camera, microphones, accelerometers, and basic actuation) - and used beyond this area. As its field of view and its accuracy are within reasonable usability limits, we describe a medical needle-tracking system for interventional applications based on the Kinect sensor, standard biopsy needles, and no necessary attachments, thus saving both cost and time. Its twin cameras are used as a stereo pair to detect needle-shaped objects, reconstruct their pose in four degrees of freedom, and provide information about the most likely candidate.
Responses to high technology infertility treatment.

A secondary analysis was conducted on data originally collected through grounded theory methodology to study individuals' and couples' experiences of infertility. The secondary analysis focused on seven infertile couples who chose high-technology options in their pursuit of fertility. Six themes emerged: (a) drivenness, (b) difficulty “getting on with life,” (c) marital and sexual disruption, (d) uniqueness of responses related to personal meaning, (e) financial stresses, and (f) exacerbated cyclical pattern of hope and despair.
Monopolizing the Master: Henry James, “Publishing Scoundrels,” and the Politics of Modern Literary Scholarship

Leon Edel's virtual monopoly on Henry James studies in the twentieth century has long been recognized but little explored. Through evidence gleaned from the biographer's personal archive, this essay gives chapter and verse as to how he came to dominate a major field of modern scholarship.
Development of a universal book and journal donation resource

This article describes the creation and development of The Donation Programs for Books, Journals and Media Web page housed on the Health Sciences Library (HSL), University at Buffalo (UB) Web site []http://ublib.buffalo.edu/hsl/donationprogram.html]. The evolution of the page is traced from its beginnings in February 1998 to the present and other donation resources are mentioned. Gifts and Exchange (G&E) practices in libraries are discussed. Figures showing the Web page as it appeared at three different points in time are included, as well as a separate related story of a local UB initiative to collect and ship medical books to Afghanistan.
On the reaction sequence of the K + -dependent acetyl phosphatase activity of the Na + pump.

Abstract 1. 1. Literature reports differ whether Na + or K + is required for formation of an acid-stable intermediate in acetyl [ 32 ]phosphate hydrolysis by K + -phosphatase (acyl phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.7) preparations. We have reinvestigated this question by using detergent treatment and gel filtration at neutral pH to isolate labeled protein. 2. 2. Binding of 32 P to the enzyme is stimulated by Mg 2+ , and decreased by K + . No Na + requirement is seen, although Na + partially prevents discharge of labeling by K + . These effects are consistent with the corresponding ion effects on acetyl phosphate hydrolysis by the enzyme. 3. 3. K + -phosphatase inhibitors such as ATP, ADP, P i and 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) cause corresponding decreases in the labeling. Similar effects of DTNB on the Na + -dependent ADP-ATP exchange activity suggest involvement of the same intermediate. 4. 4. Labeling by [ 32 P]orthophosphate is affected differently by K + , a stimulation being observed. 5. 5. Ouabain increases labeling by both substrates. That derived from acetyl phosphate remains K + dischargeable, whereas that from orthophosphate is less affected. 6. 6. No transfer of 32 P from acetyl phosphate to ADP, nor 14 C from acetate to acetyl phosphate, could be demonstrated under a variety of ionic conditions.
The influence of metabolic cost upon the level and precision of behavioral thermoregulation in an eurythermic lizard.

Abstract 1. The mean T B of G . coeruleus in each condition was positively correlated to the length of reinforcement, whereas the shuttle rate was inversely correlated to the length of reinforcement. 2. 2. The precision of T B regulation and the total metabolic expenditures of lizards did not vary significantly for different reinforcement regimes at the same ambient temperature. 3. 3. Eurythermality in G . coeruleus is caused by variations in preferred body temperature and not by fluctuations in T B around the particular regime body temperature.
Maternal blood lead effects on infant intelligence at age 7 months.

Abstract A sample of 7-month-old African-American infants, exposed to maternal blood lead levels less than 5 μg/dL, were assessed with the Fagan test of Infant Intelligence. The results indicate significant effects on memory and cognitive functioning. Specifically, infants who scored in the upper 5th to 15th percentile of novelty preference scores had lower lead values than those scoring in the lower 5th or 15th percentile. Of note, is the finding that no infant who scored in the upper percentile range was ever classified as having high maternal blood lead levels. These results are in accord with previous studies that report relationships between low-level lead exposure and nonoptimal infant development.
Logarithmic Solutions of Bianchi's Equation.

The partial differential equation ∂^nV/∂x1∂x2…∂xn = MV was discussed by Bianchi(1) with the aid of the methods of Riemann and Picard. The results were extended to a more general equation which was also studied by Niccoletti.(2) The original equation, for a constant value of M, was studied later by Sibirani(3) in connection with a generalization of the Bessel function and some partial differential equations were listed which could be solved with the aid of this function. The case in which M is constant has also been studied by Chaundy(4) who gives some solutions in the form of definite integrals which we wish to obtain here with the aid of Murphy's theorem.
Lamellar Growth of Eutectic Equiaxed Grains

ADRIAN V. CATALINA and DORU M. STEFANESCUAlthough a large amount of work was done in the ﬁeldof eutectic solidiﬁcation, it was conducted mostly for di-rectional solidiﬁcation. Little attention was paid to equiaxedgrowth. Recent developments in macrotransport-transfor-mation kinetics modeling, however, require models forgrowth of equiaxed eutectic grains during continuous cool-ing. The purpose of this article is to extend the generaltheory of Jackson and Hunt to eutectic systems solidifyingwith equiaxed grains.The Jackson–Hunt (JH) theory
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: Risk reduction with statin therapy

A low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, patients with low levels of HDL-C without raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are not currently eligible for lipid-lowering therapy. Many individuals with low levels of HDL-C have a combination of cardiovascular risk factors that include high LDL particle concentrations. Lowering LDL particle concentration and its surrogate measure, LDL-C, is an important approach to reducing cardiovascular risk. Statins are the most effective agents for lowering levels of LDL and can significantly increase levels of HDL-C. Extending statin therapy to patients with low levels of HDL-C but with LDL-C levels below target may have benefits for cardiovascular disease reduction in these patients.
A multivariate neuropsychological approach to brain lesion localization in alcoholism

The study involved a comparison of the neuropsychological test performance of chronic alcoholic patients with that of patients with localized and nonalcoholic diffuse brain damage. It was hypothesized that if the "right hemisphere" or "frontal lobe" theories of brain localization in alcoholism were correct, the profile obtained by the alcoholic patients would either resemble the profile obtained by the right hemisphere brain damaged patients more than the left hemisphere brain damaged patients. Or alternatively, it would resemble the profile obtained by the patients with frontal lobe brain damage more than the one obtained by the patients with posterior brain damage. In the case of the "right hemisphere" hypothesis, the role of sensory-motor as well as cognitive hemisphere asymmetries was evaluated. The results of the study did not provide strong support for either of the above mentioned hypotheses, but were supportive of the view that brain damage in chronic alcoholism is diffuse, and may reflect premature aging of the brain as a whole.
The character of innovative places: entrepreneurial strategy, economic development, and prosperity

Why do investments in certain places yield jobs, growth, and prosperity while similar investments made in seemingly identical places fail to produce the desired results? Starting with the observation that innovation clusters spatially across a broad spectrum of industries, my work seeks to understand the mechanisms and institutions that promote the creation of useful knowledge. In my conceptualization, entrepreneurs, as the agents who recognize opportunity, mobilize resources, and create value, are key to the creation of institutions and the building of capacity that will sustain regional eco- nomic development. Entrepreneurs benefit from loca- tion. But entrepreneurs are also pivotal as agents of change that can transform local communities. The initial event or entrepreneurial spark that gives rise to prosperous regions is not deterministic nor do they automatically set in motion path dependencies that automatically yield successful places. What matters most is human agency—the building of institutions and the myriad public and private decisions that determine what I call the character of place—a spirit of authenticity, engagement, and common purpose.
Spin-wave dynamic magnetization reversal in a quasi-single-domain magnetic grain

Magnetization reversal in a fine ferromagnetic grain is simulated for the case of an instantaneously applied reversal magnetic field. The Hamiltonian of the system contains the exchange interaction, uniaxial anisotropy, Zeeman energy, and dipole-dipole interactions. A cubic grain is discretized into 64 cubic subgrains and the coupled gyromagnetic equations of motion are solved without phenomenological damping. A scheme to solve these equations is developed that utilizes only two variables per sub-cube magnetization and strictly conserves the absolute magnitude. The initial stage of reversal is uniform rotation followed by a nonlinear excitation of nonuniform magnetic oscillations driven by this uniform mode. An excess of the initial Zeeman energy is transformed into nonlinear spin waves, allowing the average magnetization to substantially reverse. The process of magnetization reversal in fine quasi-single-domain grain exhibits general features of Hamiltonian wave systems with nonlinear diffusion. This nonlinear diffusion is forbidden for either a strong reversal field and/or a small grain size.
The Wind Shear Exponent: Comparing Measured Against Simulated Values and Analyzing the Phenomena That Affect the Wind Shear

When assessing a region for wind energy the wind shear is a key factor to consider because of its profound effect on power density as a function of height. Traditionally, wind shear parameters are derived either from local velocity measurements at two or more heights or from surface roughness characteristics to predict the wind speed at hub height for a particular site. However, recent measurements in a complex terrain (non-mountainous) region indicate that the measured wind shear exponent is significantly higher than the value predicted by land use characteristics and modeled results. Virtual wind shear parameters: alpha and zo , created by the modeled flow fields of the complex terrain of southeastern Ohio’s Appalachian foothills are determined with computational fluid dynamics simulations designed for complex terrain. Then the first year’s measurements from the extra-tall tower in the region provide a direct evaluation of the wind shear parameters: alpha and zo . These values, characteristic of the measurements, are compared against values determined from the local land use characteristics as well as those found by modeling with a computational fluid dynamics wind simulator. It has been found that the measured value of the wind shear exponent is larger, by a factor of 2, than the values currently used in published state wind maps. Phenomena affecting wind shear are also analyzed. Diurnal and changes in reference heights have large effects on the measured wind shear. It is demonstrated that for this site an overall annual average value of the wind shear coefficient is an inaccurate representation of the wind shear because of the range of variability that occurs seasonally. It is also shown that extrapolating from near-surface measurements to hub heights can yield inaccurate predictions of wind speed and, more importantly, wind power.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Erratum to: Insulin improves memory and reduces chronic neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of young but not aged brains

The role of insulin in the brain is still not completely understood. In the periphery, insulin can decrease inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS); however, whether insulin can reduce inflammation within the brain is unknown. Experiments administrating intranasal insulin to young and aged adults have shown that insulin improves memory. In our animal model of chronic neuroinflammation, we administered insulin and/or LPS directly into the brain via the fourth ventricle for 4 weeks in young rats; we then analyzed their spatial memory and neuroinflammatory response. Additionally, we administered insulin or artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF), in the same manner, to aged rats and then analyzed their spatial memory and neuroinflammatory response. Response to chronic neuroinflammation in young rats was analyzed in the presence or absence of insulin supplementation. Here, we show for the first time that insulin infused (i.c.v.) to young rats significantly attenuated the effects of LPS by decreasing the expression of neuroinflammatory markers in the hippocampus and by improving performance in the Morris water pool task. In young rats, insulin infusion alone significantly improved their performance as compared to all other groups. Unexpectedly, in aged rats, the responsiveness to insulin was completely absent, that is, spatial memory was still impaired suggesting that an age-dependent insulin resistance may contribute to the cognitive impairment observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Our data suggest a novel therapeutic effect of insulin on neuroinflammation in the young but not the aged brain.
Electronic structure, spectra and magnetic properties of oxycations—IV ligation effects on the infra-red spectrum of the vanadyl ion

Abstract Vanadium-oxygen multiple bond stretching frequencies have been tabulated for fifty-one oxovanadium(IV) and three oxovanadium(V) compounds. The spread of the values may be summarized by v = 985 ± 50 cm − , which corresponds to a force constant spread, k = 7·0 ± 0·7 mdyne/ A . The frequency shifts are used to establish several short ligand series, and they are interpreted in terms of σ and π contributions to the vanadium-ligand bond. It is concluded that frequency decreases are directly and primarily caused by decreased pπ - dπ donation from oxygen to metal and to increased electrostatic repulsion of the vanadium and oxygen species. The effect may be written Δ v = − σ(L → M) − π ∥ (L → M) − π(L → M) where it is estimated that the relative importance of terms is 8:2:1, and it is assumed that the M → L donation is negligible for the d1 vanadium(IV).
Nickel-catalyzed N-terminal Oxidative Deamination in Peptides Containing Histidine at Position 2 Coupled with Sulfite Oxidation*

Peptides containing histidine at position 2 were observed to undergo spontaneous N-terminal oxidative deamination in aqueous solution in the presence of Ni(II), sulfite, and ambient oxygen. The reaction resulted in the formation of a free carbonyl on the N-terminal α-carbon (α-ketoamide) and was catalytic with respect to nickel. This oxidative deamination was confirmed by13C NMR, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry, and chemical tests. No evidence of modification of histidine was found. It was demonstrated that the nickel-dependent N-terminal oxidative deamination also occurred in His-2 peptides using potassium peroxymonosulfate (oxone) as an oxidant. When oxone was used, oxygen was not required for the deamination to proceed. The results suggest that both nickel-catalyzed reactions (sulfite and oxygen, and oxone) produce an imine intermediate that spontaneously hydrolyzes to form the free carbonyl. These findings may provide a physiologically relevant model for oxidative carbonyl formation in vivo, as well as a useful method for producing a site-specific carbonyl on peptides and proteins.
Uncovering of a Short Internal Peptide Activates a tRNA Synthetase Procytokine

In higher organisms, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases developed receptor-mediated ex-translational functions that are activated by various natural mechanisms. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange combined with mass spectrometry and small-angle x-ray scattering showed that activation of the cytokine function of the 528-amino acid human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase was associated with pinpointed uncovering of a miniature internal ELR tripeptide that triggers receptor signaling. The results reveal the structural simplicity of how the ex-translational function is implemented.
Mid-infrared electroluminescence from InAs self-assembled quantum dots

Electroluminescence from self-assembled InAs quantum dots in cascade-like unipolar heterostructures is demonstrated. Initial results show weak luminescence signals in the mid-infrared from such structures, though more recent designs exhibit significantly stronger luminescence with improved designs of the active region of these devices. Further studies of mid-infrared emitting quantum dot structures have shown anisotropically polarized emission at multiple wavelengths. A qualitative explanation of such luminescence is developed and used to understand the growth morphology of buried quantum dots grown on AlAs layers. Finally, a novel design for future mid-infrared quantum dot emitters, intended to increase excited state scattering times and, at the same time, more efficiently extract carriers from the lowest states of our quantum dots, is presented.