cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Selected Salmonella Enterica Serovars by Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

Salmonella enterica serovars include pathogens responsible for high numbers of foodborne salmonellosis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately identify microorganisms based on unique spectra of bacterial cell components. The objectives of this study were to discriminate closely related Salmonella enterica serovars by using FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis and to compare the performance of three techniques for differentiating among Salmonella serovars. Selected serovars of S. enterica were streaked onto plate count agar and incubated (37 °C, 24 h). Isolated colonies were suspended in phosphate buffer or 50% ethanol (10 μL). Suspensions were placed on (1) ZnSe crystals for transmission, (2) disposable polyethylene membranes (DPM) for transmission, and (3) diamond crystal plate for attenuated total reflectance (ATR) analyses; all samples were dried under vacuum. Classification models, soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), from derivatized infrared spectra (1300–900 cm−1), discriminated among Salmonella serovars presumably attributed to cell's lipopolysaccharides (1000–980 cm−1). Samples on DPM required high cell density for reliable spectra. High-quality spectra were obtained when a single colony was suspended in ethanol or buffer and mounted on ZnSe crystals for transmission or diamond plate for ATR analysis. Prediction of unknowns, representative of serovars used to construct classification models, showed that all techniques were suitable for the rapid and accurate differentiation of Salmonella serovars.
Supratentorial dural-based hemangioblastoma not associated with von Hippel Lindau complex

Hemangioblastomas are rarely found in a supratentorial location and are commonly associated with the von Hippel-Lindau complex. Therefore, patients with such tumors must be evaluated for both other hemangioblastomas within the central nervous system as well as for this complex via physical examination, radiographic examination, and genetic testing. We report the seventh case of a patient with an isolated supratentorial dural based hemangioblastoma not associated with the von Hippel-Lindau complex.
Expression of β1 integrins changes during transformation of avian lens epithelium to mesenchyme in collagen gels

Remarkably, a number of defin- itive epithelia, such as that of the anterior lens, give rise when suspended within 3D gels of type I collagen, to elongate, bipolar shaped cells that ex- hibit the ultrastructure, polarity, and migratory ability of mesenchymal cells. They begin produc- ing type I collagen and stop producing crystallins, type IV collagen, and laminin. Here, we investi- gated changes in pl integrins and their extracel- lular matrix (ECM) ligands during this transdiffer- entiation. The former free surface of the lens epithelium that is now in contact with collagen begins within a day to stain intensely for pl and it is this surface rather than the surface facing the basement membranc that gives rise to mesenchy- ma1 cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments re- veal a large increase in the pl integrin subunit on mesenchymal cells as compared to the epithelium of origin. The a5 integrin subunit, which is barely detectable in the lens, increases in the mesenchy- ma1 cells and a3 continues to be expressed at about the same level as in the epithelium. 016, the epithelial integrin subunit, and laminin, its ECM ligand, are not detected immunohistochemically or biochemically in the mesenchyme. Rather, the mesenchymal cells secrete abundant fibronectin, the major ECM ligand for a5pl. RGD peptides do not inhibit the transformation but antibodies to pl do perturb the emigration of mesenchymal cells from the lens apical surface. We conclude that the pl integrins newly expressed on the apical epithe- lial surface interact with the surrounding 3D col- lagen gel to help bring about this unusual epithe- surface receptors that mediate cell-ceil and ceil-matrix interactions (Ruoslahti, 1991; Hynes, 1992). They are re~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~minoben~idi ne;
Approach to chemotherapy-associated thrombosis

Treatment of cancer patients with antineoplastic agents is associated with a heightened risk of thrombotic events, both arterial and venous. In this article, we review the specific agents that are implicated and the pathophysiological processes that are known to be associated with this prothrombotic state. We conclude with current recommendations for prophylactic antithrombotic therapy in these clinical situations.
Endogenous heparin decreases the thrombotic response to hemorrhagic shock in rabbits.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if endogenous heparin release would modulate the hemostatic response to hemorrhagic shock in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Anesthetized rabbits (n = 13) underwent hemorrhagic shock (MAP 30-40 mm Hg) for 60 minutes. Blood samples obtained before and 60 minutes after hemorrhagic shock had thrombelasto-graphic variables (R, reaction time [min]; angle, α [°]; and G [dynes/cm2]) determined. Hemostatic function was assessed by modified thrombelastography under four conditions: (1) unmodified sample; (2) platelet inhibition with cytochalasin D; (3) heparinase I exposure; and (4) platelet inhibition and heparinase I exposure. Results: Thrombelastographic variable values in samples without platelet inhibition or heparinase exposure did not significantly change after hemorrhage (before hemorrhage: R = 22.01 ± 0.7 min, α 43.6 ± 1.3°, G 7,089 ± 379 dyne/cm2; after hemorrhage: R 22.1 ± 2.4, α 41.6 ± 3.9, G = 5,662 ± 564; mean ± SEM). However, blood samples exposed to heparinase after hemorrhage demonstrated enhanced hemostatic function with thrombelastographic values (R = 13.4 ± 1.5, α 56.0 ± 3.4, G = 7012 ± 565) significantly different (P < .05) from samples not exposed to heparinase. Samples with platelet inhibition demonstrated a similar pattern. Conclusion: Hemorrhagic shock significantly increased circulating endogenous heparin activity, attenuating the thrombotic response to hemorrhage in rabbits. Heparin-mediated regulation of hemostasis may serve as a protective mechanism in shock states. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Sir William Osler's angina pectoris and other disorders.

M odern historians have shown an increasing preoccupation with the consequences of disease on those whom fortune has placed in roles of leadership. Medical leaders are no exception to this scrutiny. The circumstances and effect of Sigmund Freud’s carcinoma, Rem5 Laennec’s tuberculosis, and William Halsted’s cocaine addiction have been explored and analyzed in depth. In contrast, the health of Sir William Osler (1848-1919) is usually glossed over in laudatory terms. Of the various pathologic states that touched his life, only z influenced his career: the recurrent bronchopulmonary disease of his later life and the angina pectoris that he first wrote of during his Baltimore period. Disease and destiny first interacted when, at age 8 years, Willie’s sudden bout of croup interrupted the Osler family’s journey to Dundas (Ontario), causing them to miss the Dejardins railway disaster of tiarch 19,1857, with its great loss of life. An active and athletic schoolboy, he injured his shin during a rugby scrimmage and severe osteomyelitis developed at age 17 or 18. His nephew, W. W. Francis,l later commented, “ . , .apropos of surface markings, I expect you have gone swimming with him and see the hole in one of his shins from periosteitis following a football injury when he was a boy. . .” In 1875, while serving as Professor of the Institutes of Medicine at McGill University, Osler had charge of the smallpox wards at the Montreal General Hospital. Although repeatedly vaccinated and thought to be immune (but without a positive “take”), he contracted a mild case of smallpor! while heading this dangerous service. He wrote of his disease to an old school chum1
PACKAGING SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF LAMB

Wholesale legs and loins were vacuum packaged, chilled with carbon dioxide (CO2) pellets, or wrapped with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film and transported-stored (0°C) for 7 or 14 days; intact carcasses were unprotected or wrapped in PVC film and transported-stored for 7 or 14 days. Product was evaluated following transport-storage, during retail display and as cooked cuts. Vacuum packaged loins sustained less (P < 0.05) surface discoloration and had higher scores for muscle color and overall appearance than did loins chilled with CO2 or loins wrapped in PVC film. Vacuum packaged legs had higher (P < 0.05) scores for appearance of subcutaneous fat and overall appearance than did legs chilled with CO2 or legs wrapped in PVC film. Carcasses wrapped in PVC film had higher (P < 0.05) scores for appearance of subcutaneous fat and sustained less (P < 0.05) shrinkage during storage than did unprotected carcasses. Unprotected carcasses, however, had a lower incidence of off-odor. Carcasses or primal cuts which were transported-stored and placed in the retail case within 7 days were effectively protected from shrinkage and deterioration by wrapping with PVC film. Vacuum packaging was the only suitable means for protecting lamb primal cuts during transport-storage intervals of 14 days.
Oxygenated spiro-triterpenoids possibly related to arborenes in sediments of a tropical, freshwater lake

Abstract Three novel 3-oxygenated CD spiro -triterpenoids were tentatively identified as 13,15- spiro -arbor-9(11)-en-3-one, 3β-methoxy-13,15- spiro -arbor-9(11)-ene and 13,15- spiro -arbor-9(11)-en-3β-ol in solvent extracts of sediments from Lake Valencia. Their proposed origin from higher plants is based on structural precursor/product relationships and characteristics of the age distributions since the latest Pleistocene.
Hypertumors in cancer can be caused by tumor phosphorus demand

In cancer, tumoral and peritumoral environmental conditions are controlled mostly by the unusual metabolism of malignant cells. For example, tumors typically demand much more phosphorus (P) than normal tissue does, primarily because tumor cells upregulate ribosome biogenesis. Here I use mathematical models to show that this unusual demand for P can lead to a hypertumor, which is a region of highly aggressive cells growing parasitically on the original tumor that can kill all or part of it. Previous work has suggested that hypertumors may develop when a tumor is invaded by an aggressive cell type that fails to secrete angiogenesis factors. In this talk I introduce an entirely different mechanism of hypertumor development. In this case, the aggressive strain upregulates phosphate transporters, leading to increased growth potential, which allows tumor cells to outpace growing blood vessels. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IMPURITY EFFECTS ON THE MAGNETIC ORDERING IN CHROMIUM

It is well-known that impurities profoundly alter the magnetic properties of chromium. While vanadium impurities suppress the Neel temperature TN, manganese impurities enhance TN substantially. As evidenced by neutron scattering experiments, doping with as little as 0.2% vanadium changes the transition from weakly first order to second order. Young and Sokoloff explained that the first-order transition in pure chromium is caused by a charge-density wave which is the second harmonic of the spin-density wave. By examining the subtle balance between the spin-density and charge-density wave terms in the mean-field free energy, we find that the first-order transition is destroyed when the vanadium concentration exceeds about 0.15%, in agreement with experiments.
Design criteria for ideal foam nucleating agents

Design criteria for ideal foam nucleating agents, also called nucleants, are identified. Nucleants conforming to the criteria are expected to produce desirable foams with a large number density and narrow size distribution of bubbles. The criteria are based on an analysis of the thermodynamics and kinetics of coupled nucleation and growth. Based on this work, ideal nucleants have four characteristics. Nucleation on ideal nucleants is energetically and kinetically favorable relative to homogeneous nucleation. Ideal nucleants also have uniform geometry and surface properties, they are easily dispersed, and they are plentiful enough to overwhelm the contributions of homogeneous and unintentional heterogeneous nucleation.
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy specimens have a high prevalence of unexpected histopathologic findings requiring additional clinical management.

Abstract Background Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy is used with increasing frequency as a therapeutic option for morbid obesity. Before the procedure, patients undergo a rigorous preoperative evaluation including double contrast upper gastrointestinal radiographic series at our institution. Patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy are presumed to have no significant gastric pathology. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of histopathologic findings requiring clinical follow-up in sleeve gastrectomy specimens. Setting: University Hospital, United States. Methods Retrospective review was conducted of all primary vertical sleeve gastrectomy specimens performed for morbid obesity at our institution from July 2008 until August 2012 (N = 248). Results Unanticipated findings warranting clinical follow-up were identified in 8.4% of cases and included cases of H. pylori gastritis, autoimmune gastritis with microcarcinoid formation, necrotizing vasculitis, and intestinal metaplasia. H. pylori was identified in 5.2% of all cases and in 33.3% of cases of gastritis. Neoplasms were identified at laparoscopy in 2 additional cases (0.8%). Conclusions Surgeons and pathologists should be aware of the high prevalence of diagnoses requiring clinical follow-up in vertical sleeve gastrectomy specimens.
Targeting Type III Secretion in Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, utilizes a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) to aid it with its resistance to host defenses. This system injects a set of effector proteins known as Yops (Yersinia outer proteins) into the cytosol of host cells that come into contact with the bacteria. T3SS is absolutely required for the virulence of Y. pestis, making it a potential target for new therapeutics. Using a novel and simple high-throughput screening method, we examined a diverse collection of chemical libraries for small molecules that inhibit type III secretion in Y. pestis. The primary screening of 70,966 compounds and mixtures yielded 421 presumptive inhibitors. We selected eight of these for further analysis in secondary assays. Four of the eight compounds effectively inhibited Yop secretion at micromolar concentrations. Interestingly, we observed differential inhibition among Yop species with some compounds. The compounds did not inhibit bacterial growth at the concentrations used in the inhibition assays. Three compounds protected HeLa cells from type III secretion-dependent cytotoxicity. Of the eight compounds examined in secondary assays, four show good promise as leads for structure-activity relationship studies. They are a diverse group, with each having a chemical scaffold not only distinct from each other but also distinct from previously described candidate type III secretion inhibitors.
A gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking model with an extra singlet Higgs field

We study in some detail the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model with gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking. We find that it is feasible to spontaneously generate values of the Higgs boson mass parameters {mu} and B{sub {mu}} consistent with radiative electroweak symmetry breaking. The model has a phenomenologically viable particle spectrum. Messenger sneutrinos with a mass in the range 6 to 25 TeV can serve as cold dark matter. It is also possible to evade the cosmological domain wall problem in this scenario. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
Strategy for seeding 3D streamlines

This paper presents a strategy for seeding streamlines in 3D flow fields. Its main goal is to capture the essential flow patterns and to provide sufficient coverage in the field while reducing clutter. First, critical points of the flow field are extracted to identify regions with important flow patterns that need to be presented. Different seeding templates are then used around the vicinity of the different critical points. Because there is significant variability in the flow pattern even for the same type of critical point, our template can change shape depending on how far the critical point is from transitioning into another type of critical point. To accomplish this, we introduce the /spl alpha/-/spl beta/ map of 3D critical points. Next, we use Poisson seeding to populate the empty regions. Finally, we filter the streamlines based on their geometric and spatial properties. Altogether, this multi-step strategy reduces clutter and yet captures the important 3D flow features.
Three-Dimensional Adaptive Grid Computation with Conservative, Marker-Based Tracking for Interfacial Fluid Dynamics

For computational multiphase flow involving detailed interfacial dynamics, the outstanding issues include topological changes, geometric capturing, local resolution, conservative treatment, and spurious characteristics associated with property jumps across the interface. In this work, a marker-based, conservative immersed boundary with triangulated surface grid representation for 3D interfaces and local adaptive grid refinement for resolution enhancement is presented. Markers are dynamically added and deleted from the interface using a conservative restructuring to preserve the phase volume and maintain a satisfactory interface resolution. The topological changes are handled using the level-contour reconstruction technique while preserving the logical connectivity information of the interface, which provides enhanced flexibility as compared to the connectivity-free markerbased tracking methods with minimal added algorithmic-complexity. An adaptive Cartesian grid technique has been employed to refine the field computation. The overall accuracy of the algorithms has been established via studies of spurious velocity currents for static bubbles, rising bubble simulations with various terminal shapes, and head-on and off-axis coalescence of two bubbles.
Finding bugs in java native interface programs

In this paper, we describe static analysis techniques for finding bugs in programs using the Java Native Interface (JNI). The JNI is both tedious and error-prone because there are many JNI-specific mistakes that are not caught by a native compiler. This paper is focused on four kinds of common mistakes. First, explicit statements to handle a possible exception need to be inserted after a statement calling a Java method. However, such statements tend to be forgotten. We present a typestate analysis to detect this exception-handling mistake. Second, while the native code can allocate resources in a Java VM, those resources must be manually released, unlike Java. Mistakes in resource management cause leaks and other errors. To detect Java resource errors, we used the typestate analysis also used for detecting general memory errors. Third, if a reference to a Java resource lives across multiple native method invocations, it should be converted into a global reference. However, programmers sometimes forget this rule and, for example, store a local reference in a global variable for later uses. We provide a syntax checker that detects this bad coding practice. Fourth, no JNI function should be called in a critical region. If called there, the current thread might block and cause a deadlock. Misinterpreting the end of the critical region, programmers occasionally break this rule. We present a simple typestate analysis to detect an improper JNI function call in a critical region.We have implemented our analysis techniques in a bug-finding tool called BEAM, and executed it on opensource software including JNI code. In the experiment, our analysis techniques found 86 JNI-specific bugs without any overhead and increased the total number of bug reports by 76%.
Effect of Calcium Ions on the Thermodynamics of Cucumber Tissue Softening

Calcium ion was found to cause inhibition of softening in blanched cucumber tissue under acidic conditions due to a dominant effect of the calcium upon the entropy of activation for the softening reaction. This resulted in slower rates of softening despite a decline in the enthalpy of activation. Enthalpy/entropy compensation was found to occur. The isokinetic temperature for softening was 260 ± 9 K. An assumption was made that the hyperbolic inhibition of softening by calcium was due to saturation of a binding site by calcium. The dissociation constant for calcium from the proposed site was determined to be 1.5 mM at 30°C. This was considerably stronger binding than should occur if calcium was binding to pectin carboxyl groups under similar conditions. The apparent enthalpy and entropy for calcium binding were determined.
Laparoscopic treatment of rectovaginal fistulas. Feasibility, technical details, and functional results of a rare anorectal malformation.

Abstract Introduction Rectovaginal fistulas are a rare variety of anorectal malformations. Eight patients with this anomaly among 420 children with anorectal malformations were treated in our center. We used a laparoscopic approach in 5 of the children. The aim of this study is to define the feasibility and technical details of laparoscopy in the treatment of these patients as compared with those treated by posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and to evaluate the preliminary results. Methods Three patients were treated with a PSARP starting February 2000 (group 1 [GI]). The laparoscopic approach (laparoscopic treatment [LT]) was used in the next 5 girls starting in November 2002 (group 2 [G2]). All patients were operated on by the authors. In LT cases, we used 3 ports. The rectum was dissected laparoscopically, and the fistula was transected. An assisted anorectal pull-through was then performed using a minimal perineal incision. Clinical features, age at operation, associated anomalies, ratio/sacrum (sacral ratio [SR]), distal colostogram, operative findings, complications, urinary continence, voluntary bowel movements, constipation, soiling, and requirements of bowel management program were analyzed. Patients older than 3 years and 6 months and with more than 3 months after colostomy closure were included in the analysis of functional results. Results The mean age at the time of operation was 21.8 months. Urogenital anomalies were seen in 6 (75%) of the 8 girls. Two patients had SRs less than 0.6. Only 3 patients in each group were considered for evaluation of functional results. Mean age was 67 months in 3 (G1) and 64 months in 3 (G2) patients. All 6 patients were continent of urine. Only 1 in G1 had an SR less than 0.6. Voluntary bowel movements were present in 1 patient in G1 and 2 in G2. One patient in G1 had severe constipation and grade 2 soiling requiring bowel management program (SR Conclusions Laparoscopy allowed an optimal view of the pelvis and helped to achieve a low dissection of the fistula. Although the number of patients in this study is few, functional results with LT seem to be comparable to the open PSARP approach when done by experienced pediatric surgeons. The laparoscopic approach may be considered as an option for the treatment of this rare anomaly.
Use of lag screws for fractures of the mandibular body

Abstract Purpose: This article presents the results of treating fractures of the mandibular body using lag screws alone or lag screws inserted through bone plates. Patients and Methods: Thirty-one patients treated for fractures of the mandibular body using lag screws within a 5.5-year period were retrospectively studied for complications. Nine patients were treated with lag screws only and 22 with a lag screw inserted through a bone plate. No patient was placed into postsurgical maxillomandibular fixation. Results: There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, except for one dental abscess. Conclusions: Lag screw fixation of mandibular body fractures is a reliable technique when these is sufficient obliquity of the fracture.
A multiple row-based layout generator for CMOS cells

An implementation of a layout generator which follows a multi-row-based layout style is presented. By considering multiple rows in the same cell, it is possible to incorporate the complexity of the inter-row routing in the placement phase. The cell generator is more suitable for circuits that contain both structured and random logic. It is targeted for use in the automatic generation of custom cell libraries. Unlike previous cell generators which consider only the width optimization, the authors' cell generator tries to minimize the layout area by explicitly considering both dimensions of the layout in the cost function. >
An Early American Schoolbook

Coad writes about "Miscellanies, Moral and Instructive, in Prose and Verse; Collected from Various Authors, for the Schools, and Improvement of Young Persons of Both Sexes," first published in Philadelphia in 1787. It is one of the earliest American readers as well as one of the earliest American textbooks of literature.Â The work is attributed to Milcah MarthaÂ Moore (1740-1829).
Evidence-Based Treatment of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Previously thought to be rare, recent research has identified pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as one of themost common childhood psychiatric illnesses, with a point-prevalence rate between 1 and 4% (Douglass et al., 1995; Rapoport et al., 2000). Symptoms frequently begin in childhood (DeVaugh-Geiss et al., 1992), with insidious onset, and pursue a protracted yet fluctuating course (Murphy et al., 2004). Not surprisingly, pediatric OCD is related to significant functional impairment within academic, family, and social domains largely due to distress and frequency of ritual engagement (Piacentini et al., 2003). Advances in psychological and pharmacological interventions strongly suggest that early detection and treatment can improve prognosis [Leonard et al., 1993; Pediatric OCD Treatment Study Team (POTS), 2004]. Unfortunately, dissemination of efficacious psychological treatment has significantly lagged behind that of medications, making successful treatment difficult to obtain (Larson et al., 2005; Lewin et al., 2005). For example, the Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation estimates that approximately 5 million Americans with OCD lack access to evidence-based psychological treatment (Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation, 2004). With this issue in
Tobacco is “our industry and we must support it”: Exploring the potential implications of Zimbabwe’s accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Zimbabwe is the largest tobacco producer in Africa. Despite expressing opposition in the past, Zimbabwe recently acceded to the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). We explored why Zimbabwe acceded to the FCTC and the potential implications for tobacco control within Zimbabwe and globally. We conducted a qualitative archival case study based on 542 documents collected from 1) the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents; 2) media indexed in the Lexis-Nexis media database; 3) the websites for tobacco growers’ associations, tobacco control groups, and international agencies; 4) FCTC reports and Framework Convention Alliance newsletters; 5) Zimbabwe’s legal codes; and 6) the peer reviewed scientific literature related to tobacco growing. Zimbabwe has a long history of tobacco growing. There are currently over 90,000 tobacco farmers, and tobacco growing is prioritized, despite widespread food insecurity and environmental degradation. Zimbabwean government officials have been outspoken FCTC critics; but recently joined the accord to better protect Zimbabwe’s tobacco growing interests. FCTC membership obligates nations to implement a variety of tobacco control measures; Zimbabwe has implemented several measures aimed at reducing tobacco demand, but fewer aimed at reducing tobacco supply or protecting the environment. Zimbabwe joins the FCTC amid increased efforts to protect FCTC proceedings from industry interference, to adopt recommendations for alternative crops and livelihoods and reduce environmental damage. Zimbabwe’s decision to accede to the FCTC does not appear to represent a softening of its historical opposition to the treaty. Thus, its status as a Party creates opportunities for it to undermine ongoing efforts to implement and strengthen the treaty. At the same time, however, Zimbabwe’s accession could provide much needed international support for Zimbabwe’s civic organizations and its Ministry of Health to develop stronger tobacco control measures. How Zimbabwe’s participation impacts the work of the FCTC as a whole may ultimately depend on the allegiances of its delegates, and the effectiveness of FCTC measures to limit tobacco industry interference and enforce compliance with FCTC measures.
Accurate and Compact Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition on Mobile Devices

In this paper we describe the development of an accurate, smallfootprint, large vocabulary speech recognizer for mobile devices. To achieve the best recognition accuracy, state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) are adopted as acoustic models. A variety of speedup techniques for DNN score computation are used to enable real-time operation on mobile devices. To reduce the memory and disk usage, on-the-fly language model (LM) rescoring is performed with a compressed n-gram LM. We were able to build an accurate and compact system that runs well below real-time on a Nexus 4 Android phone. Index Terms: Deep neural networks, embedded speech recognition, SIMD, LM compression.
Die Bedeutung der Heterophilen Anti-Körperreaktion für die Diagnose der Infektiösen Mononucleose

Es werden die hamatologischen Charakteristica der Lymphocytenangina, der Monocytenangina und der infektiosen Mononucleose dargestellt, die Standardsymptome der infektiosen Mononucleose und die Abweichungen, die von diesem typischen Verlauf auftreten.
Investigating the Self Youth Expression With Video Surveillance Technology

The author utilized a screenplay as performance ethnography to add depth and an alternative means of conveying the stories of young Black Caribbean Franco males living in the Diaspora. The dialogue allowed the audience to witness the conflicting relationship that the youth experienced with technology (surveillance in particular) as both a source of oppression and potential source of freedom. The author posited that this freedom would lead to forgiveness (rooted Arendt’s work on vita activa) and ultimately love and conscientization (found in Freire’s work Pedagogy of the Oppressed) but can only emerge when given the space to be expressed through art, music, movement, or any nonwritten communication that did not further silence the participants.
Role of vitamin D in the onset, progression, and severity of multiple sclerosis.

ABSTRACT Objective To review and assess the role of vitamin D in the onset, progression, and relapse of multiple sclerosis (MS), based on evidence acquired from the analysis of preclinical, observational, and interventional studies. Methods All English language literature in MEDLINE (January 1969 through April 2012) was searched for observational and interventional studies on the dosage effect of vitamin D on the onset, progression, and relapse rate of MS. The medical subject heading (MeSH) terms used in the search included Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis. Additional publications and abstracts were identified from review articles and from the references cited in the previously found articles. In addition to the experimental studies, only those human studies that specified the population size, doses of vitamin D used, and the resulting effect on MS were considered. Results Vitamin D deficiency is very common among MS patients. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that vitamin D is a potent regulator of inflammation in MS. Most observational studies support an association between high vitamin D levels and a reduced risk of developing MS. However, conflicting results have been reported by observational studies on the correlation between vitamin D and MS severity and by interventional studies using vitamin D as a therapeutic agent for MS. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency in MS patients should be avoided. In addition, the risk of developing MS might be reduced by maintaining optimal vitamin D levels in the healthy population. Larger randomized interventional trials are needed to clarify the therapeutic effect of vitamin D in MS. (Endocr Pract. 2013;19:129-136)
Simulator induced syndrome in coast guard aviators

The incidence of adverse symptoms in Coast Guard aviators undergoing flight simulator training was determined. A voluntary, multi-part questionnaire was completed by 238 pilots. During the first simulator flight 64.3% of pilots reported at least one adverse symptom, 39.4% during the last flight. Simulator induced syndrome (SIS) was present in 47.1% of subjects during the first simulator flight, 23.5% during their last flight. Most subjects reported their symptoms as mild, with some symptoms rated as moderate or severe in nature. There was no statistically significant association (p greater than 0.05) between the development of SIS and flight experience, simulator experience, length of simulator session, or self-determined motion sickness susceptibility. There was a significant association (p less than 0.05) between SIS development and the use of simulators with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Nine pilots experienced adverse symptoms at least 2 d after their last simulator flight. In conclusion, this study revealed that SIS occurs frequently, is more common when CGI is present, may recur, suggests an adaptative process, and may not be associated with some factors previously claimed.
Right ventricular obstruction resulting from anomalous muscle bundles.

Summary Significant right ventricular outflow obstruction may result from large anomalous muscle bundles traversing the right ventricular cavity. These bundles are located below the infundibulum and are distinct from the trabecula septomarginalis and the moderator band. This type of obstruction may occur independently and is anatomically distinguishable from the more common types of infundibular stenosis. Eleven patients with intact septa and anomalous muscle bundle obstruction to right ventricular outflow are presented. In 5 patients, these bundles represented the only cardiac abnormality and were the sole cause of obstruction to blood flow; while in the remaining 6 patients there was an associated pulmonary valvular stenosis. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography provided the correct diagnosis in all cases. Eight patients have undergone operation and all have since been asymptomatic. The authors acknowledge with appreciation Dr. James H. Moller’s courtesy in providing us the opportunity to review Case 11.
3-D Imaging and Simulation for Nephron Sparing Surgical Training

Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) is now considered the procedure of choice for small renal masses largely based on functional advantages over traditional open surgery. Lack of haptic feedback, the need for spatial understanding of tumor borders, and advanced operative techniques to minimize ischemia time or achieve zero-ischemia PN are among factors that make MIPN a technically demanding operation with a steep learning curve for inexperienced surgeons. Surgical simulation has emerged as a useful training adjunct in residency programs to facilitate the acquisition of these complex operative skills in the setting of restricted work hours and limited operating room time and autonomy. However, the majority of available surgical simulators focus on basic surgical skills, and procedure-specific simulation is needed for optimal surgical training. Advances in 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging have also enhanced the surgeon's ability to localize tumors intraoperatively. This article focuses on recent procedure-specific simulation models for laparoscopic and robotic-assisted PN and advanced 3-D imaging techniques as part of pre- and some cases, intraoperative surgical planning.
WE-FG-207B-10: Dual-Energy CT Monochromatic Image Consistency Across Vendors and Platforms

Purpose: Although dual-energy CT provides improved sensitivity of HU for certain tissue types at lower simulated energy levels, if these values vary by scanner type they may impact clinical patient management decisions. Each manufacturer has selected a specific dual-energy CT approach (or in one case, three different approaches); understanding HU variability among low monochromatic images may be required when more than one dual-energy CT scanner type is available for use. Methods: A large elliptical dualenergy quality control phantom (Gammex Inc.; Middleton, WI) containing several standard tissue type materials was scanned at least three times on each of the following systems: GE HD750, prototype GE Revolution CT with GSI, Siemens Flash, Siemens Edge, Siemens AS 128, and Philips IQon. Images were generated at 50, 70, and 140 keV. Soft tissue and Iodine HU were measured on a single central 5mm-thick image; NIST constants were used to calculate the ideal HU for each material. Scan acquisitions were approximately dose-matched (∼25mGy CTDIvol) and image parameters were held as consistent as possible (thickness, kernel, no noise reduction). Results: Measured soft tissue (29 HU at 120 kVp) varied from 28 HU to 44 HU at 50 keV (excluding one outlier), from 21 HU to 31 HU at 70 keV, and from 19 HU to 32 HU at 140 keV. Measured iodine (5mg/ml, 106 HU at 120 kVp) varied from 246 HU to 280 HU at 50 keV, from 123 HU to 129 HU at 70 keV, and from 22 HU to 32 HU at 140 keV. Conclusion: Measured HU in standard rods across 3 dual-energy CT manufacturers and 6 scanner models varied directly with monochromatic level, with the most variability was observed at 50 keV and least variability at 70keV. Future work will include additional scanner platforms and how measurement variability impacts radiologists. This research has been supported by funds from Dr. William Murphy, Jr., the John S. Dunn, Sr. Distinguished Chair in Diagnostic Imaging at MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Guide to electronic resource management

The authors, both teaching faculty, identify this book as a textbook which contains content they impart to their students in master's level library science programs. Sheri V. T. Ross teaches at St....
Electrical Status Epilepticus During Sleep

Eighteen children with medically refractory seizures, language deterioration, incoordination, and regression in behavior and intellect, and an EEG showing electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES), are reported from Beijing Medical University, and the University of Hong Kong, Republic of China.
Ethical dilemmas in trauma nursing.

For someone seeking to understand the ethical dimensions of trauma nursing, it quickly becomes apparent that there is a uniquely complex set of issues to be examined in this context. Many of these issues are made more difficult by the fact that the provider/patient relationship that undergirds the moral dimension of patient care in other contexts is necessarily truncated or absent in the trauma unit. This article seeks to explore some of these issues and the moral ambivalence they create. Language: en
The Baggage Handlers: Arthur Miller's DEATH OF A SALESMAN

In Arthur Miller's Pulitzer Prize–winning tragedy “of the common man” (Benet 684), symbols abound, whether it is the beardless faces of the three immature Loman men, the sterile garden plot out beh...
Three-particle annihilation in a 2D heterostructure revealed through data-hypercubic photoresponse microscopy (Conference Presentation)

Van de Waals (vdW) heterostructures – which consist of precisely assembled atomically thin electronic materials - exhibit unusual quantum behavior. These quantum materials-by-design are of fundamental interest in basic scientific research and hold tremendous potential in advanced technological applications. Problematically, the fundamental optoelectronic response in these heterostructures is difficult to access using the standard techniques within the traditions of materials science and condensed matter physics. In the standard approach, characterization is based on the measurement of a small amount of one-dimensional data, which is used to gain a precise picture of the material properties of the sample. However, these techniques are fundamentally lacking in describing the complex interdependency of experimental degrees of freedom in vdW heterostructures. In this talk, I will present our recent experiments that utilize a highly data-intensive approach to gain deep understanding of the infrared photoresponse in vdW heterostructure photodetectors. These measurements, which combine state-of-the-art data analytics and measurement design with fundamentally new device structures and experimental parameters, give a clear picture of electron-hole pair interactions at ultrafast time scales.
Class Action Settlement Residue and Cy Pres Awards: Emerging Problems and Practical Solutions

Class action settlements often present the court and parties with the practical problem of disposing residual funds that remain after distributions to class members. The cy pres doctrine is a well-recognized device that permits the court to designate suitable organizations to receive such funds. Recently, academics, judges, practitioners, and professional objectors have mounted a multi-faceted attack on this device, ranging from constitutional and ethical concerns to appeals challenging specific awards. This Article first describes the use of cy pres awards in class action settlements and explains why the constitutional, statutory, and ethical objections are unfounded. This Article then addresses other concerns that have been raised about particular awards by suggesting a principled and practical approach to cy pres awards. Finally, this Article explains why public interest and legal services organizations—organizations focused on providing access to the justice system for disenfranchised individuals—are appropriate cy pres recipients and avoid many of the problems raised by other potential recipients.
Critical Care PGY-2 Graduate Perceptions and Practices Regarding Residency Project Publication

Objective. To characterize the practices and perceptions of recent post-graduate year 2 (PGY2) critical care pharmacy (CCP) residents surrounding the completion and publication of their primary research project. Methods. Potential factors and perceptions influencing primary research project publication success were identified and incorporated in a validated electronic survey distributed to 2011 and 2012 PGY2 CCP residency program graduates. Results. Among the 94/124 (76%) respondents, 26% had published their research project (67% were first authors; 50% were successful on first submission), while 36% still planned to pursue publication, and 38% had no plans for their manuscript. Factors more commonly reported by publishing (vs. non-publishing) PGY2 graduates included: publication of their PGY1 research project, any publication during the PGY2 year, and national presentation of the PGY2 research project. Perceptions associated with research project publication success were a higher degree of self-motivation to publish, post-PGY2 mentor support, project's publication deemed important to post-PGY2 employer, adequate training for manuscript submission, and adequate time during residency for manuscript completion. Two factors, ≥1 publication during PGY2 [odds ratio (OR)=3.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 10.2] and research project presentation at a national conference (OR=4.5; 95% CI 1.2, 16.9); and two perceptions, self-motivation to publish (OR=8.1; 95% CI 1.7, 37.7) and post-PGY2 mentor support (OR=3.3; 95% CI 1.1, 9.8) were independently associated with publication success. Conclusion. Only one-quarter of PGY2 CCP residents published their primary research project. PGY2 programs should consider those factors associated with research project publication success when formulating strategies to increase resident publication rates.
An Algorithm for the Multi-Access Channel Problem

Consider a multi-access communication channel which is shared by multiple users. Only one user can transmit a message at any time, otherwise conflicts resulting in noise will arise. The solution to this problem is to schedule transmission of messages so that conflicts are at a minimum. Previously, the best algorithm for this problem was a tree-based algorithm given by Capetanakis [1]. In this paper we give an algorithm which is asymptotically better than that of Capetanakis.
A Model for the South Atlantic

Many a schoolboy contemplating a map of the South Atlantic has independently arrived at some form of continental drift hypothesis, for nowhere else on earth is the similarity of opposing coastlines more apparent. This same similarity formed the basis of Wegener’s theory and is the principal difference between his concept and the technically based approach of Taylor (1910). The remarkable fit of Africa and South America has now been considered with some sophistication (Bullard et al., 1965), but the question of drift would certainly have remained moot had not new techniques and more definitive approaches been developed.
CHANGING RELATIONSHIPS AMONG NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING STRIATUM: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

The neurochemical aspects of the development of dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic neurons were examined in the rat striatum. Although the dopaminergic terminals exhibit a closely coordinated developmental increase in their pre-synaptic parameters, this is not the case for the cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. In the immature striatum, the biochemical processes that mediate neurotransmission are both quantitatively and qualitatively different than in the fully differentiated striatum.
LearnLab India: towards in vivo international comparative education research

LearnLab India is a recent effort in the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center (PSLC, http://www.learnlab.org), which is devoted to studying human learning in realistic contexts using state-of-the-art technology. This effort represents one endpoint on the formal learning to informal learning spectrum in that it is specifically focused on highly controlled classroom studies, which have been termed "in vivo" studies because they occur within "live" classrooms rather than laboratories, with a strong emphasis on balancing high internal validity with high external validity.
Energy density approach for calculation of three-dimensional inelastic strain and stress at the crack tip in compact tension specimens of polycarbonate

An energy-based method is utilized for calculating elastic-plastic strains and stresses near fatigue crack tip in specimens of Merlon polycarbonate. The stress redistribution caused by the plastic yielding around the crack tip is taken into account so that theoretical crack tip strain is improved. The estimated values of crack tip strain based on an energy density approach are compared with experimental results obtained from an embedded grid moire technique and embedded strain gages. Large-scale yielding seems to dominate near the crack tip. In fact, the measured strain is in agreement with the elastic solution, which means, in reality, only small-scale yielding takes place near the crack tip. The strain in the mid-plane (plane strain) is found to be higher than in the surface plane (plane stress). The experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.