cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of zero mode waveguides

Single molecule fluorescence techniques have contributed considerably to our understanding of a variety of biological systems. Unfortunately, single molecule techniques are fundamentally limited by the concentration of fluorescent species and volume being observed. Nanofabricated structures have emerged as ideal tools for volume confinement in fluorescence spectroscopy. This has allowed the extension of single molecule techniques to high concentration regimes. Zero Mode Waveguides, nanometer scale holes in a thin metal film produce observation volumes in the attoliter to zeptoliter range. These structures have been used to measure protein kinetics in the micro molar concentration range as well as for observations of polymerase incorporating single nucleotide bases. We have investigated the optical properties of these structures using a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical transmission measurements in an effort to accurately model the optical properties of these structures. These measurements have allowed a detailed characterization of the optical behavior of sub-wavelength apertures in a thin metal film.
The FMRFamide-like peptide of Helix Aspersa

Abstract 1. Ganglia of the snail Helix aspersa contain peptides that cross-react with antisera to FMRFamide, the major cardioexcitatory peptide of the calm Macrocallista nimbosa . 2. The major FMRFamide-like peptide of Helix aspersa can be purified almost to homogeity by two successive, isocratic HPLC runs. 3. This peptide has a blocked N-terminal and a phenylalanine-like UV absorption spectrum. 4. Its amino acid composition is Glx 1 Asx 1 Ile 1 Arg 1 Phe 2 , and the sequence most homologous to FMRFamide consistent with this composition is pGlu-Asx-Phe-Ile-Arg-Phe-NH 2 .
Correlating viscoelastic measurements of fracturing fluid to particles suspension and solids transport

An experimental study was performed to understand the relationship between fluid characteristics and its solids transport and sand suspension capabilities. In this study, borate crosslinked guar gels were prepared at three different pHs. The linear guar was crosslinked with borate crosslinker at concentrations from zero to the values where the gel exhibited phase separation at each pH. These gels were then characterized for viscoelastic properties and suspension settling velocities. At each pH, a crosslinker concentration was selected to evaluate the gels for their solids transport behavior in two large size slot models. The gels that satisfactorily transported solids through the slots had similar elastic moduli. The results show that the fluid elasticity, not viscosity, correlates with the solids transport capability of the crosslinked guar gels. Furthermore, the drag coefficients for the suspensions settling in the crosslinked gels prepared at three pHs were dissimilar, even at similar Weissenberg numbers. The drag on the suspensions settling in the viscoelastic guar gels was observed to be both more and less than the drag on the suspensions settling in the Newtonian fluids. Further work is needed to better understand these drag behaviors on the suspensions settling in viscoelastic guar gels.
Forensic Investigation and Validation of Energy Ratio Concept

The energy ratio (ER) concept was recently introduced as an accurate predictor of top-down cracking performance in Florida. Initial evaluation of ER with field projects in Florida confirmed its ability to distinguish between cracked and uncracked sections. To evaluate and validate the ER concept further, the Florida Department of Transportation designed and constructed two test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology test track. The primary difference between the two sections was the binder used in the upper two lifts. The first section used PG 67-22 and the second section used PG 76-22, which resulted in an ER of about twice the size. The section with the lower ER value cracked first and more extensively, though both sections experienced top-down cracking. This study was intended not only to look at ER as the primary factor to differences in performance but also to evaluate forensically the sections by using in situ strain measurements, coring, and interface bond strength testing. The stra...
Tribofilm Formation and Run-In Behavior in Ultra-Low-Wearing Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Alumina Nanocomposites

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and alumina nanocomposites have been of great interest to the tribological community due to the significant reduction in wear imparted by filling PTFE with low weight percentages of alumina nanofillers. The mechanisms of these three order, four order, and sometimes five order of magnitude reductions in wear have been commonly explored through evaluation of a transfer film. The present article evaluates the tribofilm formed on the wear surface of the polymer. PTFE composites with 2, 5, and 8 wt% alumina fillers were tested to evaluate wear of the polymer and how it is affected by the tribofilms formed on the wear surface of the polymer. Furthermore, the link between a transient “run-in” wear period and the formation of that tribofilm is observed and discussed. Nanomechanical measurements of the tribofilm reveal significant alterations in the mechanical properties of the surface films formed during sliding.
A test for linkage and association in general pedigrees

Family-based tests of linkage disequilibrium are usually based on nuclear family data including affected individuals and their parents or their unaffected siblings. A problem with these tests is that they are not valid tests of association when data from related nuclear families from larger pedigrees are used. One way to ensure validity when testing for association is to select a single nuclear family from each extended pedigree in the sample. When data are available for larger pedigrees, it would be desirable to have a valid test of linkage disequilibrium that can use all potentially informative data. In this paper we present such a test: the Pedigree Disequilibrium Test (PDT). The PDT can use data from related nuclear families from extended pedigrees and remains valid when there is population substructure. Power simulations demonstrate that, when extended pedigree data are available, gains in power can be obtained by using the PDT rather than existing methods that only use a subset of the data. The PDT can also be more powerful than current methods when the data consist of a sample of independent nuclear families or sibships.
Statistical models for physically derived target sub-spaces

Traditional approaches to hyperspectral target detection involve the application of detection algorithms to atmospherically compensated imagery. Rather than compensate the imagery, a more recent approach uses physical models to generate target sub-spaces. These radiance sub-spaces can then be used in an appropriate detection scheme to identify potential targets. The generation of these sub-spaces involves some ap rioriknowledge of data acquisition parameters, scene and atmospheric conditions, and possible calibration errors. Variation is allowed in the model since some parameters are difficult to know accurately. Each vector in the subspace is the result of a MODTRAN simulation coupled with a physical model. Generation of large target spaces can be computationally burdensome. This paper explores the use of statistical methods to describe such target spaces. The statistically modeled spaces can then be used to generate arbitrary radiance vectors to form a sub-space. Statistically modeled target sub-spaces, using limited training samples, were found to accurately resemble MODTRAN derived radiance vectors.
Robust stability of perturbed systems with time delays

Abstract Motivated by dynamical system considerations, a number of new results on robust stability of perturbed polynomials have been recently obtained. In the literature under consideration, the perturbations are known only within given bounds and enter affine linearly into the polynomial coefficients. In this paper, this formulation is expanded to include time delays. Under a properness assumption, a necessary and sufficient condition for robust stability is developed. An example is given to illustrate application of the main result.
Psychological adjustment of adults with sickle cell anemia: Stability over 20 months, correlates, and predictors

The stability of psychological adjustment was assessed across three time points spanning a 20-month period with 59 African-American adults with sickle cell anemia. Stable good adjustment was associated with lower levels of daily and illness-related stress, palliative methods of coping with stress, and pain coping strategies characterized by negative thinking/passive adherence. With baseline levels of illness and demographic parameters controlled, baseline levels of daily and illness-related stress made significant independent contributions to adjustment at 20 months follow-up. The findings are discussed in relation to the potential utility of improving methods of coping with stress and pain to enhance the adjustment of patients with sickle cell anemia.
Adaptive algorithms for detecting community structure in dynamic social networks

Social networks exhibit a very special property: community structure. Understanding the network community structure is of great advantages. It not only provides helpful information in developing more social-aware strategies for social network problems but also promises a wide range of applications enabled by mobile networking, such as routings in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and worm containments in cellular networks. Unfortunately, understanding this structure is very challenging, especially in dynamic social networks where social activities and interactions are evolving rapidly. Can we quickly and efficiently identify the network community structure? Can we adaptively update the network structure based on previously known information instead of recomputing from scratch? In this paper, we present Quick Community Adaptation (QCA), an adaptive modularity-based method for identifying and tracing community structure of dynamic online social networks. Our approach has not only the power of quickly and efficiently updating network communities, through a series of changes, by only using the structures identified from previous network snapshots, but also the ability of tracing the evolution of community structure over time. To illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, we extensively test QCA on real-world dynamic social networks including ENRON email network, arXiv e-print citation network and Facebook network. Finally, we demonstrate the bright applicability of our algorithm via a realistic application on routing strategies in MANETs. The comparative results reveal that social-aware routing strategies employing QCA as a community detection core outperform current available methods.
Neuropsychological Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults at Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia and Affective Psychoses: Results from the Harvard and Hillside Adolescent High Risk Studies

Siblings and offspring of persons with schizophrenia carry elevated genetic risk for the illness and manifest attentional and memory impairments. Because less is known about other neuropsychological functions and their specificity in adolescents, we conducted a genetic high-risk (HR) study of schizophrenia (HR-SCZ) and affective psychosis (HR-AFF). Participants (ages 12-25) were from the Harvard Adolescent High-Risk and Hillside Family studies, including 73 HR-SCZ, 18 HR-AFF, and 84 community controls (CCs) recruited in metropolitan Boston and New York. Groups were compared on overall neurocognitive functioning, 6 domains, and 13 test scores, controlling for age, parental education, and correlated data within families. The HR-SCZ group was significantly impaired overall, while the HR-AFF group demonstrated a trend toward overall impairment. HR-SCZ subjects showed significantly lower Verbal Ability (d = .73) and Executive Functioning/Working Memory (d = .47) than CCs. HR-AFF subjects showed reduced Verbal Ability (d = .64) compared to CCs. Excluding 12 CCs with a parental history of depression (without psychosis) led to larger differences between HR and CC groups across domains. Moreover, HR-SCZ and CC group differences in Verbal Memory (d = .39) and Visual-Spatial (d = .34) became statistically significant. There were no significant differences between HR-SCZ and HR-AFF groups. Data support a modest neuropsychological deficit in persons at genetic HR for psychosis, with a broader range of deficits in HR-SCZ. Future work should assess the relationship of neurocognition to adaptive functioning and possible onset of psychosis in HR samples. Ascertainment criteria for controls may markedly influence results and interpretation of group differences.
Recognition of the Mother's Face by Six-Month-Old Infants: A Neurobehavioral Study

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 6-month-olds as each watched pictures of the mother's face and a stranger's face. The ERPs differed for the 2 faces, but the pattern of neural activity elicited depended on whether the mother and stranger looked different (Experiment 1, n = 22) or alike (Experiment 3, n = 22). In contrast, when different 6-month-olds were each shown 1 of these 44 pairs of faces their ERPs did not differ between the 2 faces (Experiment 2, n = 22, and Experiment 4, n = 22). In a visual preference test of recognition, infants showed no evidence of recognizing the mother's face (Experiment 5, n = 32). Together, these results suggest that infants are able to recognize their mothers' faces but (1) the neural processes accompanying recognition depend on the difficulty with which mother can be discriminated from stranger and (2) under the conditions investigated in this study, ERPs are a more sensitive measure of recognition than is looking time.
The Chicken Vimentin Gene: Aspects of Organization and Transcription During Myogenesis

The intermediate filament gene vimentin exists in a single copy in the chick haploid genome. However, it exhibits the curious property of producing at least three functional vimentin mRNA transcripts in vivo through the differential utilization of multiple polyadenylylation sites. According to one group in erythroid cells there may be a tissue-specific utilization of one of these poly A addition sites. The chicken and hamster vimentin genes exhibit remarkable nucleotide sequence homology both within coding and 3'-noncoding regions (82%). This nucleotide homology extends both to the size and juxtaposition of exons. With the noted exception of valine, even the frequency of codons utilized is strongly conserved across the widely different species. Of course, this strong homology at the DNA level extends to an amino acid homology of 92% between vimentins and 65% between related proteins in the same species.
Modeling from local to subsystem level effects in analog and digital circuits due space induced Single Event Transients

Single Event Transients in analog and digital electronics from space generated high energetic nuclear particles can disrupt either temporarily and sometimes permanently the functionality and performance of electronics in space vehicles. This work first provides some insights into the modeling of SET in electronic circuits that can be used in SPICE-like simulators. The work is then directed to present methodologies, one of which was developed by this author, for the assessment of SET at different levels of integration in electronics, from the circuit level to the subsystem level.
Reflection Seismogram in a Solid Layered Earth: ABSTRACT

Current approaches to seismic data processing and interpretation ignore the change in reflection coefficient with incident angle. The justification is typically based on fluid earth models or models in which the ratio of compressional velocity to shear velocity (Cp/Cs) is assumed constant. In clastic basins, normal incidence reflectivity is low, and variations in Cp/Cs can be significant. Under these conditions the change in reflection coefficient with incident angle can be very significant. Replacement of the plane wave normal incidence synthetic seismogram with the point source solid earth synthetic seismogram is likely to lead to important changes in our approach to acquisition, processing, and interpretation of seismic refle tion data. The accompanying figure shows a sample solid earth synthetic seismogram. In this example, a change from brine to gas produces a dim spot on the near traces, a bright spot on the far traces, and a polarity reversal on the stacked section. The CDP stacked trace should be different from our conventional normal incidence synthetic seismogram. In general, in a clastic basin, we might expect to see a different set of rocks emphasized on partial stacks from different offset ranges. The sensitivity of our solid earth synthetic seismogram to changes in Poisson's ratio is such that we suggest that conventional reflection data in clastic basins should permit the extraction of band-limited shear impedance logs as well as compressional impedance logs. Attempts to work only with the CDP stacked data should yield a "hybrid impedance log;" a mixture End_Page 416------------------------------ Figure of the effects of compressional and shear velocity variations. The expected variation in reflectivity with offset in clastic basins suggests that we should seriously question our conventional processing and interpretation assumptions in these areas. It also suggests that conventional seismic reflection data might yield a shear impedance image and an improved compressional impedance image rather than the currently employed hybrid impedance image. End_of_Article - Last_Page 417------------
One hundred–pound weight losses with an intensive behavioral program: changes in risk factors in 118 patients with long-term follow-up

BACKGROUND Treatment of severe obesity is difficult; in the past, lifestyle measures did not prove effective. Recently, however, intensive behavioral interventions using meal replacements and low-energy diets have enabled some severely obese persons to achieve nonobese weights. OBJECTIVE We assessed rates of weight loss, changes in risk factors and medication requirements, and long-term weight maintenance in patients who lost >or=100 pounds (45.5 kg). DESIGN Over a 9-y period, we prospectively identified patients who lost >or=100 pounds (45.5 kg) and actively recorded follow-up weights. Charts were systematically reviewed to assess outcome measures and side effects. The intervention included meal replacements (shakes and entrees), low-energy diets, weekly classes, and training in record keeping and physical activity. Assessments included weekly weights, laboratory studies, medication use, lifestyle behaviors, side effects, and follow-up weights. RESULTS Sixty-three men and 55 women lost >or=100 pounds. At baseline, the subjects' average weight was 160 kg, 97% had >or=1 obesity-related comorbidity, and 74% were taking medications for comorbidities. Weight losses averaged 61 kg in 44 wk. Medications were discontinued in 66% of patients with a cost savings of $100/mo. Despite medication discontinuation, significant decreases in LDL cholesterol (20%), triacylglycerol (36%), glucose (17%), and systolic (13%) and diastolic (15%) blood pressure values were seen. Side effects were mild, and only 2 patients had severe or serious adverse events. At an average of 5 y of follow-up, patients were maintaining an average weight loss of 30 kg. CONCLUSION Intensive behavioral intervention can be very effective with minimal risk for certain severely obese persons.
Fluctuations of Water near Extended Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces

We use molecular dynamics simulations of the SPC-E model of liquid water to derive probability distributions for water density fluctuations in probe volumes of different shapes and sizes, both in the bulk as well as near hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. Our results are obtained with a biased sampling of coarse-grained densities that is easily combined with molecular dynamics integration algorithms. Our principal result is that the probability for density fluctuations of water near a hydrophobic surface, with or without surface water attractions, is akin to density fluctuations at the water-vapor interface. Specifically, the probability of density depletion near the surface is significantly larger than that in the bulk, and this enhanced probability is responsible for hydrophobic forces of assembly. In contrast, we find that the statistics of water density fluctuations near a model hydrophilic surface are similar to that in the bulk.
Breastfeeding and Brain Development

Although children who are breastfed have better neurodevelopmental outcomes, whether this is a biological or nutritional effect, an environmental effect, a genetic effect, or some combination of these factors is unclear. Because a randomized trial comparing breastmilk with formula is impossible, investigators must rely on observational studies, which creates methodologic difficulties. Potential confounding variables must be identified and addressed. Women who choose to breastfeed tend to have attributes, such as a higher level of education, that are associated with better developmental outcome 12 ; however, evidence also supports a biological or nutritional role. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid present in large quantities in the brain and retina, is present in human milk but not in commercial formula. The role of human milk in neurodevelopmental outcome, with emphasis on visual and cognitive outcome in term and preterm infants, is reviewed.
North Pacific Intermediate Water circulation enhanced by the closure of the Bering Strait

The Bering Strait provides a shallow connection that allows freshwater to flow from the North Pacific into the North Atlantic, but this passage was closed during past glacials when sea level was at least 50 m lower than at present. Climate models investigating Bering Strait closure predict that this mechanism increases the salinity in the North Atlantic and reduces the salinity in the North Pacific, inducing a Pacific-Atlantic seesaw in meridional overturning circulation and poleward heat flux. However, the Pacific circulation response to Bering Strait closure, and thus the seesaw theory, has not been tested by long paleoceanographic records. We present long records of foraminiferal δ18O and δ13C from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1342 in the Bering Sea, which provide the first evidence of enhanced North Pacific Intermediate Water when the Bering Strait was closed during each of the extreme glacials of the last 1.2 Myr. These results suggest that orbital-scale variations in North Pacific Intermediate Water are coherent and in phase with variations in upper North Atlantic Deep Water, but are unrelated to changes in lower North Atlantic Deep Water. Together, these results provide evidence for systematic, orbital-scale variability in North Pacific Ocean circulation and may challenge the idea of an orbital-scale Pacific-Atlantic seesaw.
It Takes Two to Tango: How Phagocytes and Innate Lymphoid Cells Control IBD Outcome

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)—including ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD)—is characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Environmental and genetic factors both contribute to IBD development, as do enteric bacteria. Because both UC and CD are not medically
Fluorescent Image–Guided Surgery with an Anti-Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA) Diabody Enables Targeted Resection of Mouse Prostate Cancer Xenografts in Real Time

Purpose: The inability to visualize cancer during prostatectomy contributes to positive margins, cancer recurrence, and surgical side effects. A molecularly targeted fluorescent probe offers the potential for real-time intraoperative imaging. The goal of this study was to develop a probe for image-guided prostate cancer surgery. Experimental Design: An antibody fragment (cys-diabody, cDb) against prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) was conjugated to a far-red fluorophore, Cy5. The integrity and binding of the probe to PSCA was confirmed by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion, and flow cytometry, respectively. Subcutaneous models of PSCA-expressing xenografts were used to assess the biodistribution and in vivo kinetics, whereas an invasive intramuscular model was utilized to explore the performance of Cy5-cDb–mediated fluorescence guidance in representative surgical scenarios. Finally, a prospective, randomized study comparing surgical resection with and without fluorescent guidance was performed to determine whether this probe could reduce the incidence of positive margins. Results: Cy5-cDb demonstrated excellent purity, stability, and specific binding to PSCA. In vivo imaging showed maximal signal-to-background ratios at 6 hours. In mice carrying PSCA + and negative (−) dual xenografts, the mean fluorescence ratio of PSCA +/− tumors was 4.4:1. In surgical resection experiments, residual tumors Conclusions: Fluorescently labeled cDb enables real-time in vivo imaging of prostate cancer xenografts in mice, and facilitates more complete tumor removal than conventional white light surgery alone. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1403–12. ©2015 AACR . See related commentary by van Leeuwen and van der Poel, p. 1304
Credit Default Swaps: Legal Implications

After a brief introduction on credit derivatives in Part I, Part II of the article describes the basic structure and nature of Credit Default Swap (CDS) Contracts. It briefly explains the various recognized and accepted terms used in CDS contracts. Part III discusses the draft guidelines on credit derivatives, issued by the Reserve Bank of India, to regulate CDS. Part IV elaborates on the importance and advantages of Credit Default Swaps. Part V discusses the disadvantages and drawbacks of CDS. Part VI elucidates and illustrates the exact position of CDS in the market and the effects of trading in such derivatives with the help of case studies. Part VII concludes the article with an assertion of the urgent need for legislation in this arena.
Proceedings of An ESA Symposium: Entomology–Engineering Thrusts—Past, Present and Future

In 1975, a limited survey was conducted to determine the interest in and need for increased cooperation between entomologists and engineers. The survey letter was mailed to 71 researchers who were thought to have experience or interest in interdisciplinary, entomologically oriented research programs. A summary of survey results was presented at the annual business meeting of the Entomological Society of America (ESA), Section F in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1975. The detailed results and comments were later published in the ESA Bulletin (Smith 1977).
Study of Pressure Behavior for Fractured Wells in Complex Fracture Conditions

The transient flow mathematical model of fractured wells considering fracture shape and variable fracture conductivity is developed and solved by using finite element method. And the behavior of the bottomhole pressure varying with time is obtained. At the same time, corresponding pressure transient curves are drawn. The curve characteristics and influences are analyzed. The study shows that the pressure transient curve of fractured wells in closed circular formation can be divided into six different flow regimes. In condition of the same fracture opening width and fracture length, compared to rectangular fracture, the pressure drop with tapered fracture is bigger, and the dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative curves are higher. In condition of the same fracture opening permeability, compared to linear declining and constant conductivity fractures, the pressure drop with exponential declining conductivity fracture is the biggest, and the dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative curves are the highest.
Linguistic Style and Social Historical Context: An Automated Linguistic Analysis of Mao Zedong’s Speeches

Times of crisis and prosperity may be the most defining moments of leadership and therefore one of the most important contexts in which to study leadership processes. In the present research we explored linguistic patterns of cognitive complexity, social representations and social coordination of Mao Zedong speeches during different socio-historical contexts, namely times of prosperity and crisis. The texts of Mao Zedong were analyzed using a computerized text analysis tool, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count ( LIWC ), to explore how his linguistic style was influenced by the social climate. The Pearson’s correlations and structural equation modeling results show, during times of prosperity, Chairman Mao’s linguistic style increased in cognitive complexity, social representations and social coordination.
When Unnecessary Repairs Become Necessary: The Case of Nasal Insertion in Standard Mandarin Loanwords

This paper investigates how English intervocalic nasals are adapted into Standard Mandarin (SM) loanwords and explains when and why seemingly unnecessary nasal insertion occurs. Nasal consonants in English have several adaptation forms in SM loanwords. The most common form is a faithful mapping in syllable onset position, e.g. Nate ! [nai.tɤː], Mark ! [maː.kɤː]. Since SM does not allow [m] in coda position, a coda [m] in English has to change to [n] or [ŋ] in SM loanwords, e.g. Pam ! [pan], Thompson ! [tɑŋ.puː.səәn]. What is of interest is that an English intervocalic nasal is adapted in three different ways: (i) faithful one-to-one mapping, e.g. Lina ! [liː.naː], (ii) one-to-two mapping with nasal insertion, e.g. Benedict ! [pəәn.niː.tiː.kɤː.tɤː], and (iii) variable adaptation with or without nasal insertion, e.g. Tiffany ! [tiː.fan.nei] ~ [tiː.fuː.niː]. In loanword adaptation, various repair strategies are used to produce licit adapted forms, but there are cases in which an unnecessary repair is made even when a direct mapping without any repairs would have produced a licit adapted form (Kang 2011: 2260). Nasal insertion in SM loanwords is one such case since there is no phonotactically illicit structure in need of repair. That is, an intervocalic nasal in English can be faithfully mapped as a single nasal consonant in SM without incurring a phonotactic violation. This paper proposes a combined phonological and phonetic account of when an English intervocalic nasal singleton is adapted with unnecessary nasal insertion, (e.g. Daniel ! [tan.niː.əәɹ]) in SM loanwords, when it is not (e.g. Bruno ! [puː.luː.no]), and when variation occurs (e.g. Tiffany ! [tiː.fan.nei] ~ [tiː.fu.ːniː]). Taking data from a dictionary corpus, we identify two conditions in the English source words that typically trigger nasal insertion in SM loanwords: (i) the pre-nasal vowel being lax and non-high and (ii) the pre-nasal vowel bearing the primary stress. When the pre-nasal vowel is an unstressed schwa or a reduced vowel in English, the adapted words can appear with or without nasal insertion. In the next section, we briefly review consonant gemination in three loanword systems which share some similarities with nasal insertion in SM loanwords. The SM data and generalizations are presented in §3. In §4, we propose an analysis of the three adaptation patterns of English intervocalic nasals. The final section gives discussion and conclusion.
Accelerated Broadband Spectra Using Transition Dipole Decomposition and Padé Approximants.

We present a method for accelerating the computation of UV–visible and X-ray absorption spectra in large molecular systems using real-time time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). This approach is based on deconvolution of the dipole into molecular orbital dipole pairs developed by Repisky, et al. [Repisky et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2015, 11, 980–911] followed by Pade approximants to their Fourier transforms. By combining these two techniques, the required simulation time is reduced by a factor of 5 or more, and moreover, the transition dipoles yield the molecular orbital contributions to each transition, akin to the coefficients in linear-response TDDFT. We validate this method on valence and core-level spectra of gas-phase water and nickel porphyrin, where the results are essentially equivalent to conventional linear response. This approach makes real-time TDDFT competitive against linear response for large molecular and material systems with a high density of states.
Tree nut oils: Properties and processing for use in food

This chapter focuses on the production processes of tree nut oils with commercial importance. General steps of tree nuts handling and preparation are discussed and each working scheme of tree nut oil expression method is presented. The effects of mechanical pressing, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and roasting on the compositional characteristics of tree nut oils are reviewed. This chapter discusses quality and health benefits, including oxidative stability, applications in food/nonfood products, and nutritional aspects. Issues of adulteration and allergenicity are also covered in this chapter.
Atonement, Christology and the Trinity: Making Sense of Christian Doctrine

Contents: Part 1 Prologue: The intelligibility of Christian doctrine. Part 2 Fellowship with God: The matrix of faith: Ultimate happiness and fellowship with God Estrangement and reconciliation. Part 3 Christian Doctrine: Interpreting the matrix: The doctrine of atonement The doctrine of Christology The doctrine of the Trinity. Part 4 Epilogue: Dialogue and the matrix of faith. Index.
Abstract 1538: Vimentin expression as a potential immunomarker of predicting aggressive disease in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament protein that is expressed in mesenchymal cells. Overexpression of vimentin has been detected in prostate cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and melanoma. Although vimentin has been used for diagnosing and classifying renal neoplasms, little is known regarding its prognostic value. This study examines the prognostic significance of vimentin expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and oncocytoma. Our patient group (n = 88) consisted of 63 men and 25 women with a mean age of 59 years at the time of diagnosis. Paraffin embedded specimens from these patients’ renal tumors were selected for this study which included ccRCC (n = 66), chRCC (n = 11) and oncocytoma (n = 11). Vimentin expression was determined by a tissue microarray technique (TMA) performed by a single pathologist (HL). Tumor staining results were classified as negative ( 75%). Clinicopathologic data was also included tumor histology, tumor size, T stage, grade, presence of sarcomatoid differentiation, presence of metastasis, and survival outcome following diagnosis were determined for each patient. Chi square statistical test analysis was performed in order to test the association of clinical parameters with vimentin immunoreactivity. Our results show that positive (>5%) vimentin expression was present in 100% of ccRCC cases, 9% of oncocytoma, and 0% of chRCC cases. In addition, vimentin expression in ccRCC was associated with metastasis (p Citation Format: Mahmoud Mohamed, Lulin Hu, Haiyan Liu, Fan Lin, Heinric Williams. Vimentin expression as a potential immunomarker of predicting aggressive disease in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1538.
OFDMA-based WiMAX Connection Admission Control based on fuzzy logic controller

Connection Admission Control (CAC) is one of the resource allocation functions which plays a significant role to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in wireless networks. To meet connection requirements, and achieve bandwidth efficiency with less computation complexity, we present a CAC mechanism for OFDMA-based WiMAX networks which uses fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic theory to admit new incoming connections. The proposed algorithm estimates traffic load, available bandwidth and incoming connection required bandwidth to decide whether accept or reject a new incoming connection. The fuzzy logic-based CAC system is simulated using MATLAB to investigate its effectiveness in terms of incoming connections blocking probability. The simulation results show improvement in the blocking probability for both UGS and non-UGS services compared to Fuzzy Logic Based Admission Control Method in Wireless Networks (FLACWN).
Drug metabolism in liver tumors. Resolution of components and reconstitution of activity.

The microsomal drug metabolism system has been resolved from Hepatoma 5123 t.c.(H) into its component enzymes: cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Reconstitution of benzphetamine hydroxylation activity with these two hepatoma proteins requires the presence of phosphatidylcholine. The hepatoma cytochrome P-450 has been purified 12-fold and can be substituted for liver cytochrome P-450 in a reconstituted system containing phosphatidylcholine and liver reductase. Hepatoma cytochrome P-450 reductase has been purified 130-fold. The purified reductase has an apparent minimum molecular weight of about 80,000 and is free of cytochromes P-450 and P-420. The purified reductase catalyzes electron transfer to the artificial electron acceptors cytochrome c, dichlorophenolindophenol, and ferricyanide; the Km concentrations required by the hepatoma reductase to generate half the maximal velocity for each acceptor are similar to those required by purified liver reductase. The Km value of the hepatoma reductase for NADPH (76 µM), however, is an order of magnitude higher than that of the purified liver reductase (7.8 µM). Hepatoma reductase can substitute for liver reductase in a reconstituted benzphetamine hydroxylation system containing liver cytochrome P-450 and phosphatidylcholine. Reconstitution of benzphetamine hydroxylation activity from hepatoma components was shown to require, like the liver system, the presence of both cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, as well as phosphatidylcholine, to achieve the maximal hydroxylation rate. In a benzphetamine hydroxylation system containing liver cytochrome P-450, hepatoma cytochrome P-450 reductase, and phosphatidylcholine, the Km values for benzphetamine and NADPH were shown to be 390 and 15 µM, respectively. The value for benzphetamine is similar to that obtained in a reconstituted liver system, while the value for NADPH is an order of magnitude higher than that determined for the liven system.
Clinical Diagnosis of Sydenham’s Chorea in Area Endemic for Acute Rheumatic Fever

A retrospective chart review to determine the causes of childhood chorea was conducted in the Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Disease at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training for Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder

Although the majority recovers from the death of a loved one, nearly 5% exhibit persistent symptoms of grief, known as Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD). PCBD has adverse health, social, and psychological consequences. We examined the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training with a 57-year-old African American woman who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria for PCBD and Persistent Depressive Disorder. The client met with a graduate student therapist (i.e., the second author) who applied DBT skills training on an individual basis. By the end of treatment, the participant no longer met the criteria for either of these disorders. Reliable and clinically significant reduction in her grief and depressive symptoms, suicidality, and sleep difficulties were noted from pre- to posttreatment and maintained for 2 months post treatment. Furthermore, she improved her ability to regulate her emotions and cognitions using DBT copin...
Prevalence and predictors of thyroid functional abnormalities in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis

Background Data on the effect of systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) on thyroid function are limited. Objective To assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in AL amyloidosis patients and determine its predictors. Methods 1142 newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients were grouped based on the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement at diagnosis: hypothyroid group (TSH above upper normal reference; >5 mIU L−1; n = 217, 19% of study participants) and euthyroid group (n = 925, 81%). Predictors for hypothyroidism were assessed in a binary multivariate model. Survival between groups was compared using the log-rank test and a multivariate analysis. Results Patients with hypothyroidism were older, more likely to present with renal and hepatic involvement and had a higher light chain burden compared to patients in the euthyroid group. Higher proteinuria in patients with renal involvement and lower albumin in patients with hepatic involvement were associated with hypothyroidism. In a binary logistic regression model, age ≥65 years, female sex, renal involvement, hepatic involvement, kappa light chain restriction and amiodarone use were independently associated with hypothyroidism. Ninety-three per cent of patients in the hypothyroid group with free thyroxine measurement had normal values, consistent with subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients in the hypothyroid group had a shorter survival compared to patients in the euthyroid group (4-year survival 36% vs 43%; P = 0.008), a difference that was maintained in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion A significant proportion of patients with AL amyloidosis present with hypothyroidism, predominantly subclinical, which carries a survival disadvantage. Routine assessment of TSH in these patients is warranted.
Esophagoplasty Using the Reversed Gastric Tube

Despite several previous operations elsewhere for achalasia, the patient remained unable to eat and had been fed via gastrostomy for three years. In the demonstrated procedure a tube constructed fr...
Next level of board accountability in health care quality

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer six principles that health system leaders can apply to establish a governance and management system for the quality of care and patient safety. Design/methodology/approach Leaders of a large academic health system set a goal of high reliability and formed a quality board committee in 2011 to oversee quality and patient safety everywhere care was delivered. Leaders of the health system and every entity, including inpatient hospitals, home care companies, and ambulatory services staff the committee. The committee works with the management for each entity to set and achieve quality goals. Through this work, the six principles emerged to address management structures and processes. Findings The principles are: ensure there is oversight for quality everywhere care is delivered under the health system; create a framework to organize and report the work; identify care areas where quality is ambiguous or underdeveloped (i.e. islands of quality) and work to ensure there is reporting and accountability for quality measures; create a consolidated quality statement similar to a financial statement; ensure the integrity of the data used to measure and report quality and safety performance; and transparently report performance and create an explicit accountability model. Originality/value This governance and management system for quality and safety functions similar to a finance system, with quality performance documented and reported, data integrity monitored, and accountability for performance from board to bedside. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of how a board has taken this type of systematic approach to oversee the quality of care.
Notch signaling directs splenic resident hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions

Adult hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow (BM), generating mature blood cells as well as maintaining a heterogeneous pool of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, studies suggest that the BM may not be the only site of adult hematopoiesis: during times of BM hematopoietic distress stemming from radiation or disease, the spleen can independently reconstitute the blood. Given that the spleen does indeed contain a small, resident population of lineage-sca1+ckit+CD48-CD150+ long-term (LT)-HSCs with potent reconstitution ability, we investigated the peripheral blood cell contribution of these extra-medullary HSCs by transplanting UBC-GFP Tg reporter splenic fragments into a splenectomized syngenic wildtype mouse and tracking the blood cell production over time. While the spleen gives rise to both mature myeloid and lymphoid cells, we find that the proportion is skewed in favor of T cells. We see spleen-derived donor HSCs generating CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes for over five months post-transplant, suggesting that this peripheral T cell population derives from a long-lived stem or progenitor cell resident in the spleen. RNA sequencing demonstrates that splenic LT-HSCs are more responsive to Notch signaling than BM LT-HSCS, as indicated by increased levels of Hes1 transcription and decreased levels of the granulocyte/monocyte (GM) lineage priming genes Mpo, Gfi1, and Fcgr2b. Taken together with our finding that splenic HSCs have higher levels of cytoplasmic Notch2, we suggest that the Notch2-Hes1 axis is simultaneously repressing GM priming and enforcing T cell programming even among the most immature HSCs resident in the spleen.
Classification of music by composer using fuzzy min-max neural networks

This work utilizes high-level musical features extracted from a large music database of Sonata pieces composed by Beethoven, Corelli, and Mozart, and assesses the accuracy of Fuzzy Min-Max (FMM) Neural Network and Enhanced Fuzzy Min-Max (EFMM) Neural Network classifiers in classifying the classical pieces by composer. Results of the assessment are provided and show different accuracies depending on the parameters used in the FMM and EFMM models. This study presents a novel approach to the classification of music by composer by presenting two classifiers, namely FMM and EFMM Neural Networks, capable of classifying classical music by composer.
A climatology of extreme wave height events impacting eastern Lake Ontario shorelines

Model-derived wave height data for points along the eastern Lake Ontario shoreline provide the basis for a 36-year climatology of extreme wave heights. The most extreme wave heights exceed 6 m at all locations, except for those along the extreme northeastern shoreline of the Lake. Typically extreme wave events are a regional phenomenon, affecting multiple locations along the eastern and southeastern shoreline. A pronounced seasonal cycle in wave event occurrence is characterized by peaks in autumn and spring, with an absence of 99.9th percentile wave heights during summer. Less extreme (90th percentile heights) occur in all months with a peak in winter. Extreme wave events are most often associated with a low pressure center tracking to the north of Lake Ontario from the Ohio Valley. This track produces the strong winds > 10 ms−1 and predominantly west-to-east wind fetch that characterize high wave height events. The seasonal frequency of the wave events exceeding the historical 95th percentile has shown a statistically significant increase at most locations since 1979. This has been partially offset by declines in the frequency of events with wave heights between the 90 and 95th percentile. Seasonal extreme wave height frequency is also found to be related to the occurrence of El Nino. During El Nino winters, there are significantly fewer events with wave heights exceeding 2.5 m than would be expected by chance. A corresponding relationship to La Nina occurrence is not evident.