cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of manufacturing parameters on mechanical properties of southern yellow pine cross laminated timbers.

Abstract Development of cross laminated timber (CLT) manufacturing facilities will require an optimization of manufacturing parameters to ensure efficient production. This study examined the effects of press pressure, press time and the addition of water to bond surfaces for a CLT panel composed of southern pine lumber and polyurethane adhesive. Evaluation of the CLT panels used the five-point bending test for bending stiffness, bending strength and shear stiffness in addition to measuring the resistance to shear by compression loading. The shear strength and percent wood failure values obtained from the resistance to shear by compression loading. The optimal combination of manufacturing parameters studied was 100% press pressure and a press time of 80% of the manufacturer recommendations. The addition of water to the bondline surfaces was deemed unnecessary for CLT materials conforming to the PRG-320 standard. Comparison of mechanical properties with Grade V3 showed higher bending strength and shear stiffness values.
Teacher factors contributing to dosage of the KiVa anti-bullying program.

Abstract The KiVa Anti-Bullying Program (KiVa) seeks to meet the growing need for anti-bullying programming through a school-based, teacher-led intervention for elementary school children. The goals of this study were to examine how intervention dosage impacts outcomes of KiVa and how teacher factors influence dosage. Participants included 74 teachers and 1409 4th- and 5th-grade students in nine elementary schools. Teachers and students completed data collection at the beginning and end of the school year, including measures of bullying and victimization, correlates of victimization (depression, anxiety, peer rejection, withdrawal, and school avoidance), intervention cognitions/emotions (anti-bullying attitudes, and empathy toward victims), bystander behaviors, and teacher factors thought to relate to dosage (self-efficacy for teaching, professional burnout, perceived principal support, expected effectiveness of KiVa, perceived feasibility of KiVa). The dosage of KiVa delivered to classrooms was measured throughout the school year. Results highlight dosage as an important predictor of change in bullying, victimization, correlates of victimization, bystander behavior, and intervention cognitions/emotions. Of the teacher factors, professional burnout uniquely predicted intervention dosage. A comprehensive structural equation model linking professional burnout to dosage and then to child-level outcomes demonstrated good fit. Implications for intervention design and implementation are discussed.
Impact of Oral Cancer on Quality of Life

The clinical manifestations of oral cancer and the effects of treatment can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Physiologic functions, cosmetic appearance, and psychological well-being can become compromised during the diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship of patients with oral cancer. This article addresses the relationship of oral cancer and quality of life, as well as the different aspects affected by this condition.
Service and Education: The Association Between Workload, Patient Complexity, and Teaching on Internal Medicine Inpatient Services.

Attending rounds remain the primary venue for formal teaching and learning at academic medical centers. Little is known about the effect of increasing clinical demands on teaching during attending rounds. To explore the relationships among teaching time, teaching topics, clinical workload, and patient complexity variables. Observational study of medicine teaching teams from September 2008 through August 2014. Teams at two large teaching hospitals associated with a single medical school were observed for periods of 2 to 4 weeks. Twelve medicine teaching teams consisting of one attending, one second- or third-year resident, two to three interns, and two to three medical students. The study examined relationships between patient complexity (comorbidities, complications) and clinical workload variables (census, turnover) with educational measures. Teams were clustered based on clinical workload and patient complexity. Educational measures of interest were time spent teaching and number of teaching topics. Data were analyzed both at the daily observation level and across a given patient’s admission. We observed 12 teams, 1994 discussions (approximately 373 h of rounds) of 563 patients over 244 observation days. Teams clustered into three groups: low patient complexity/high clinical workload, average patient complexity/low clinical workload, and high patient complexity/high clinical workload. Modest associations for team, patient complexity, and clinical workload variables were noted with total time spent teaching (9.1% of the variance in time spent teaching during a patient’s admission; F[8,549] = 6.90, p < 0.001) and number of teaching topics (16% of the variance in the total number of teaching topics during a patient’s admission; F[8,548] = 14.18, p < 0.001). Clinical workload and patient complexity characteristics among teams were only modestly associated with total teaching time and teaching topics.
Establishing normal values for shear-Wave elastography of the renal cortex in healthy adults

Background: Shear-wave elastography of the kidney has emerged as a potential clinical application of this novel imaging tool. However, normal velocity values for shear-wave elastography involving the cortex of healthy kidneys have not been definitively established, and both inter- and intraobserver reliability has yet to be comprehensively evaluated. Methods: This prospective study involved ultrasound examination of 11 healthy adults. Shear-wave velocity values were obtained at the renal cortex in the longitudinal and transverse planes by both junior (fellow) and senior (attending) radiologists. Results: The mean shear-wave velocity values ranged between 2.82 and 2.9 m/s, which did not vary significantly between observers (junior vs. senior) or method of measurement (longitudinal vs. transverse planes), P = 0.533. However, there was a wide variation for these measurements (0.51–4.99 m/s). Separate analysis of the measurement depth demonstrated no statistically significant association with the shear-wave velocity values, P = 0.477. Conclusion: Our results agree with previous publications and help establish normal shear-wave velocity values and their range for the renal cortex in adults.
Morphological mapping of Ganymede: Investigating the role of strike-slip tectonics in the evolution of terrain types

Abstract The heavily fractured surface of Ganymede displays many morphologically distinctive regions of inferred distributed shear and strike-slip faulting that may be important to the structural development of its surface. To better understand the role of strike-slip tectonism in shaping this complex icy surface, we perform detailed mapping at nine sites using Galileo and Voyager imagery, noting key examples of strike-slip morphologies where present. These four morphological indicators are: en echelon structures, strike-slip duplexes, laterally offset pre-existing features, and possible strained craters. We map sites of both light, grooved terrain (Nun Sulci, Dardanus Sulcus, Tiamat Sulcus, Uruk Sulcus, and Arbela Sulcus), and terrains that are transitional from dark to light terrains (Nippur and Philus Sulci, Byblus Sulcus, Anshar Sulcus, and the Transitional Terrain of Northern Marius Regio). At least one, if not more, of the four strike-slip morphological indicators are observed at every site, suggesting strike-slip tectonism is indeed important to Ganymede's evolutionary history. Byblus Sulcus is the only mapped site where the presence of strike-slip indicators is limited to only a few en echelon structures; every other mapped site displays examples of at least two types, with Arbela Sulcus containing candidate examples of all four. In addition, quantification of morphological characteristics suggests related rotation between sites, as evidenced by the predominant NW/SE trend of mapped features within the light terrain present in five different sites (Nun, Tiamat, Uruk, Nippur/Philus, Byblus, and Anshar Sulcus). Moreover, incorporation of strike-slip tectonism with pre-existing observations of extensional behavior provides an improved, synoptic representation of Ganymede's tectonic history.
Pharmacological and Biochemical Characterization of Two Categories of Dopamine Receptor

At present, dopamine is probably the most studied neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (Horn et al., 1979). Anatomically, dopaminergic neuronal pathways have been defined in many brain regions. Biochemically, minute quantities of dopamine or its precursors and metabolites can be quantified. Changes in the concentration of any of these substances can be detected and correlated with alterations in physiological activity of dopaminergic neurons. Physiologically, various roles have been proposed for dopamine in several brain regions. Pharmacologically, drugs mimicking or antagonizing the effects of dopamine have been identified. Because dopamine regulates the physiological activity of human brain, dopaminergic agonists and antagonists are used as therapeutic agents in clinical medicine. L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine, as weIl as bromocriptine, a dopaminergic agonist, are effective in treating Parkinsonism; dopaminergic antagonists are used as antiemetics and antipsychotics. Furthermore, because dopamine regulates physiological activity in peripheral tissue, dopamine is used in the treatment of shock, and dopaminergic agonists are used to treat hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, and to arrest the growth of prolactin-secreting adenomata.
Using Network Centrality to Inform Our View of Nobel Economists

The literature concerning the ranking of economists largely examines numbers of articles and citations or functions of those variables. This is appropriate since economists primarily affect each other through a network of articles and citations. Though difficult to quantify, economists also affect broader societal discussions about issues and public policy. Using the concept of network centrality, this paper creates eight measures of an economist’s influence through the traditional network of papers and citations and the more recent network of internet links. Those measures are combined using factor analysis to create a ranking of Nobel Prize-winning economists.
Molecular profiling of advanced malignancies: A community oncology network experience.

e23111Background: Many genomic alterations have been identified that are critical to the malignant phenotype. Some of these, termed “driver mutations”, are critical for tumor proliferation and prog...
Body Types and Physical Fitness

(1956). Body Types and Physical Fitness. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 26-78.
On Whether to Convert from a Rhetorical to a Psychoanalytic Pedagogy.

Like psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic pedagogy is a particular way of paying attention, a way of paying attention that deflects attention away from other pedagogies' means and goals. Looking for what psychoanalysis deems the "root cause" of writing problems—intrapsychic conflict—foregrounds that kind of conflict, relegating to the background other kinds of conflict, such as the rhetorical. Even more than relegating, looking psychoanalytically can transform rhetorical conflict from that which initiates and helps develop discourse into that which impairs it. The case this article will make is not that it is impossible to reconcile rhetoric and psychoanalysis, only that because they can (as forms of writing instruction) contradict each other, such reconciliation is not easy.
Building Trust Online: The Realities of Telepresence for Mediators Engaged in Online Dispute Resolution

The ability to engender trust is a critical skill for mediators, especially when conducting online dispute resolution. The purpose of this empirical research is to examine the extent to which parties can trust a mediator when communicating in a video-collaborated environment known as telepresence. Will parties who have never met a mediator prior to the mediation and who communicate solely using telepresence, find the mediator to be trustworthy and trust the mediator to the same extent as those parties who communicate face-to-face with the mediator? Will factors such as age, gender, and educational level significantly affect an individual’s ability to trust a mediator? Does an individual’s familiarity with, and use of, a video-collaborated environment such as Skype, FaceTime or a similar platform affect an individual’s ability to trust a mediator? What is the impact of an individual’s predisposition to trust? We analyzed data from a small-scale experimental study (N=59), and in this research project conclude that there is no statistically significant difference in the extent to which participants trust a mediator in all contexts and factors. The same result applies to trustworthiness except for one exception regarding the effect of a pre-disposition to trust.
How Cultural Frames Guide Strategies to Eliminate Child Hunger

ABSTRACTCultural frames, or myths we use to communicate, shape how we understand social problems, such as child hunger. In 48 interviews, we identified metaphors and myths, such as “the poor will a...
De la Cultura del Miedo a la Memoria Social: Una Lectura del Trabajo de Elizabeth Lira

Despite the wide recognition of Elizabeth Lira's research career, a discussion of the contributions and debates that her work has inspired has yet to emerge. Likewise, no specialized intellectual developments exist which make it possible to reuse, develop, and circulate her work and its implications critically. In this article the author aims to contribute to this still pending discussion and explore some aspects of Elizabeth Lira’s work from the point of view of memory studies, focusing on political violence and the recent past. The author presents a historical contextualization of Lira's intellectual trajectory within the framework of the Southern Cone military dictatorships, identifying thematic axes that organize her work: the analysis of the effects of dictatorships, longterm analyses of practices and institutions, and analyses of political memory. Finally, the author outlines some dilemmas that arise from the discussion, such as the tension between memory and representation and the relation between memory and democracy.
Excited-State Imaging of Single Particles on the Subnanometer Scale.

At the intersection of spectroscopy and microscopy lie techniques that are capable of providing subnanometer imaging of excited states of individual molecules or nanoparticles. Such approaches are ...
Demographics of Vision Loss in the United States: Dealing with Definitions

Reporting demographic characteristics about people with vision loss is challenging because inconsistent measuring criteria or varying definitions are used by different surveys that collect demographic data to identify people with vision loss. The resulting information varies widely, just as does the terminology the surveys use to identify people with visual impairments. For example, commonly used terms to identify people with vision loss include legal blindness, total blindness, blindness, visual impairment, low vision, functional limitation in seeing, and severe limitation in seeing. Within these terms there are also degrees of vision loss that can affect how surveys identify visually impaired people. DEFINITIONS DETERMINE EVERYTHING Because there is not one definitive statistic from a single source that accounts for everyone with vision loss in the United States, it is important that those seeking information about vision loss, as well as those providing answers, first understand that there are several definitions of vision loss to choose from among the various national household surveys. Whenever questions about demographic statistics about people with visual impairment or blindness come to the American Foundation for the Blind (AFB), the first step in answering such questions is to understand precisely which group of visually impaired people the questioner is interested in. The answer to this question determines whether the response offers statistics on the number of people with blindness, severe visual impairment, or low vision. The surveys that track people with vision loss in the United States define visual impairment in the following ways. The most recent National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), published in 2008, defines individuals with vision loss as those who reported that they have trouble seeing, even when wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses. Included in this broad definition are individuals who reported that they are blind or unable to see at all, and no visual acuity cutoff is provided. The 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey on Disability (NHIS-D) defines individuals who are legally blind as those who reported that they have a central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the best possible correction or a visual field of 20 degrees or less. The definition used by NHIS-D is unique, because there has not been another national survey that explicitly assessed the number of Americans who are legally blind since NHIS-D was conducted in the mid-1990s. …
Seasonal representation of extreme precipitation indices over the United States in CMIP6 present-day simulations

Realistically representing the present-day characteristics of extreme precipitation has been a challenge for global climate models, which is due in part to deficiencies in model resolution and physics, but is also due to a lack of consistency in gridded observations. In this study, we use three observation datasets, including gridded rain gauge and satellite data, to assess historical simulations from sixteen Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. We separately evaluate summer and winter precipitation over the United States (US) with a comprehensive set of extreme precipitation indices, including an assessment of precipitation frequency, intensity and spatial structure. The observations exhibit significant differences in their estimates of area-average intensity distributions and spatial patterns of the mean and extremes of precipitation over the US. In general, the CMIP6 multi-model mean performs better than most individual models at capturing daily precipitation distributions and extreme precipitation indices, particularly in comparison to gauge-based data. Also, the representation of the extreme precipitation indices by the CMIP6 models is better in the summer than winter. Although the "standard" horizontal-resolution can vary significantly across CMIP6 models, from ~0.7˚ to ~2.8˚, we find that resolution is not a good indicator of model performance. Overall, our results highlight common biases in CMIP6 models and demonstrate that no single model is consistently the most reliable across all indices.
A Complicated Case of Vertebral Osteomyelitis by Serratia Marcescens.

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone and bone marrow that can be caused by an exogenous source or by hematogenous spread. The hematogenous spread of bacteria usually results in bacteremia with subsequent infection of the bone. The most commonly associated pathogen with this type of infection is Staphylococcus aureus, with other gram-negative organisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also frequently encountered. The microorganism Serratia marcescens is a rare and infrequently encountered cause of this condition known to cause nosocomial infections. This organism can be notoriously difficult to treat, with resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. The case presented is one of vertebral osteomyelitis in an intravenous drug user caused by Serratia marcescens with subsequent treatment and management of the condition. This case allows for investigation into the continued management of intravenous drug user infections, with the isolation and treatment of less commonly encountered pathogens.
Instrument Data Metrics Evaluator for Tradespace Analysis of Earth Observing Constellations

There is currently a trend towards developing and commissioning satellite constellation missions, which has necessitated tradespace studies to design high-performance, low cost and low risk constellations. An open-source software tool called Tradespace Analysis Tool for Constellations (TAT-C) has been developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, which aims to facilitate pre-phase A mission studies by generating and optimizing the tradespace of the constellations, involving a multitude of possibly coupled parameters such as orbits, satellites, launchers, ground-stations, and instruments. The performance attributes investigated by TAT-C are instrument data metrics, coverage metrics, cost and risk. While previous research has explored optimization of the constellation satellite orbits using metrics associated with coverage (such as maximizing access duration, maximizing the number of revisits over a region), there is relatively less work on exploring the tradespace of instrument parameters and associated data metrics. Previous research has also used relatively rudimentary data-metrics such as imaged pixel resolutions, range, and angles at which observations are made. This paper describes the instrument data-metrics evaluator of TAT-C which generates more sophisticated data metrics characteristic of the instrument type. The basic concept and the architecture of the evaluator have been developed to accommodate instruments without assuming specifics about the underlying technology. In this paper, we describe the modeling of the two most common types of Earth Observing instruments, namely passive optical sensors and synthetic aperture radars (SARs). The models allow for evaluation of commonly used data-metrics such as the signal to noise ratio, noise equivalent delta temperature, ground-pixel resolutions, dynamic range, noise-equivalent sigma0, etc. The challenges in making the models generic enough for wide usage, while being able to appropriately mimic characteristics of complex real-world instruments, are described using examples such as the Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor and Operational Land Imager. Lastly, we present results from the instrument data metrics evaluator for three important use cases of mission design with passive-optical sensors and SARs. The first use case explores the tradespace of Sun-Synchronous Orbits from a perspective of data-metrics as opposed to commonly considered coverage metrics. The second use case explores the tradespace of SAR parameters and highlights quantitative trade-offs between instrument parameters influencing the performance, size, and complexity. Such tradespace analysis allows the user to appreciate and consider a fundamental constraint on the SAR antenna size depending on radar frequency. In the last use case, we explore the tradespace of pushbroom vs whiskbroom scanners, and evaluate the conditions under which their performance match.
The Serious Business of Arts and the Humanities

The continuing crisis in the humanities and the arts has affected funding and demands novel approaches. Using business techniques to facilitate the production and dissemination of the arts and the humanities in a university setting can be risky. This article discusses approaches that have proved to be successful.
Nuclear receptor LXRβ controls fitness and functionality of activated T cells

T cells increase cholesterol biosynthesis upon activation to generate substrates for cellular growth and proliferation. The ubiquitously expressed liver X receptor β (LXRβ) encoded by the Nr1h2 gene is a critical regulator of cholesterol homeostasis in mammalian cells; however, its cell-intrinsic role in T cell biology remains poorly understood. We report that ablation of LXRβ in T cells leads to spontaneous T cell activation and T lymphocytopenia. Unexpectedly, analysis of mixed bone marrow chimeric mice revealed a cell-autonomous survival defect that reduced the fitness of LXRβ-deficient effector T cells, suggesting that the heightened immune activation in mice harboring LXRβ-deficient T cells was due to impaired regulatory T (T reg) cell functionality. Indeed, we found that single-copy deletion of Nr1h2 in T reg cells disrupted activated T reg cell metabolism and fitness and resulted in early-onset fatal autoimmune disease. Our study demonstrated an indispensable requirement for T reg cell-intrinsic LXRβ function in immune homeostasis and provides a basis for immunological therapies through targeting of this receptor.
Tradeoffs in Detector Design for a Rectangular Breast PET Scanner

1856 Objectives We are developing a rectangular scanner for dedicated breast PET imaging to be mounted on conventional mammography equipment (PET/X) [1]. A critical design parameter is detector thickness, as thinner detectors reduce cost and improve resolution, but also decrease sensitivity [2]. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate bias/variance as a function of detector thickness and lesion size. Our choice of detector thickness depends on the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) accuracy vs. precision trade-off. Methods We simulated PET/X using SimSET. Detector panels were made of 2x2 mm LYSO crystals and we evaluated 5, 10 and 15 mm crystal thicknesses. Spherical lesions of 2-10 mm and 5:1 source to background ratio were inserted into a 70 mm thick breast phantom. Two hundred million decays were simulated, which correspond to a 2-minute breast scan 2 hours after a 10 mCi FDG injection. Fully 3D image reconstruction algorithms with sensitivity and attenuation corrections were developed for the rectangular scanner. The geometrical sensitivity variations for the parallel and orthogonal detector panels were incorporated into the distance-driven projectors [3]. The detector sensitivity variation due to the difference in incident angles was calculated as a map of detector normalization. CRC accuracy and precision were computed as figures of merit, as well as lesion signal to background noise ratio (SNR), which is linearly correlated to ensemble SNR [4]. Results Depending on lesion size, CRC values decreased by 69-82% and 43-71%, but the lesion SNR increased by 48-62% and 71-93% as the crystal thickness was increased from 5 to 10 and 15 mm respectively. In addition, for the range of simulated lesion sizes, CRC showed a stronger dependence on lesion size compared to SNR. Conclusions Crystals thickness of 10 mm appears to provide a suitable compromise between CRC accuracy and precision needed for using PET to monitor response to breast cancer therapy. Research Support This work was supported by the National Institute of Health under Grant R01-CA163498.
A search for satellite galaxies of nearby star-forming galaxies with resolved stars in LBT-SONG

We present results from a resolved stellar population search for dwarf satellite galaxies of six nearby (D $<5$ Mpc), sub-Milky-Way mass hosts using deep ($m\sim27$ mag) optical imaging from the Large Binocular Telescope. We perform image simulations to quantify our detection efficiency for dwarfs over a large range in luminosity and size, and develop a fast catalog-based emulator that includes a treatment of unresolved photometric blending. We discover no new dwarf satellites, but we recover two previously known dwarfs (DDO 113 and LV J1228+4358) with $M_{\text{V}}<-12$ that lie in our survey volume. We preview a new theoretical framework to predict satellite luminosity functions using analytic probability distribution functions and apply it to our sample, finding that we predict one fewer classical dwarf and one more faint dwarf ($M_{\text{V}}\sim-7.5$) than we find in our observational sample (i.e., the observational sample is slightly top-heavy). However, the overall number of dwarfs in the observational sample (2) is in good agreement with the theoretical expectations. Interestingly, DDO 113 shows signs of environmental quenching and LV J1228+4358 is tidally disrupting, suggesting that low-mass hosts may affect their satellites more severely than previously believed.
A dynamic sensor placement algorithm for dense sampling

A robot that can drive autonomously, actively seeking more information about the environment as it attempts to infer it, has significant value in many application areas. Range scanners and depth sensors are one of the most popular sensors used in mobile robotics to accomplish several higher level tasks such as local planning, obstacle avoidance, and mapping and localization among others. For any application, it has been observed with laser range-scanners and depth sensors, that the sampling density, i.e., the number of range measurements per unit length of the scanned contour, can vary greatly even within a single scan measurement. The number of samples and their distribution are important factors, for example, when estimating the alignment between two range scans obtained from two different positions. In this paper, an on-line placement algorithm is proposed that computes where the robot must move next so that it is able to sample the environment uniformly and densely. The algorithm guarantees that a minimum number of measurements per unit length of the observed space is obtained, i.e. a high spatial measurement density. At any given time instant the robot computes a Next-Best-View relative to its current position while satisfying a locally-defined constraint function based on the sampling density of points. Two variants of this algorithm, suitable for different practical applications are demonstrated with experiments on real robots in interesting scenarios.
Novel cell cycle-related nuclear proteins found in rat and human cells with monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies which react specifically with the nuclei of interphase cells recognized three nuclear antigens with molecular weights of 110,000 (p110), 85,000 (p85), and 18,000 (p18). p110 and p85 were found in eight tumor cell lines but were not found in resting lymphocytes. p18 was found in resting lymphocytes as well as the tumor cell lines. Protein p85 appeared in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes in the G 1 phase and protein p110 appeared in the S phase. p110 and p85 were localized to the extranucleolar chromatin while p18 was distributed throughout the nucleus and was determined by microscopic and DNase digestion studies to be DNA associated. The anti-p110 antibody recognized a component of the DNA polymerase α 2 complex. Three novel nuclear proteins were identified using monoclonal antibodies. Two of these proteins (p110 and p85) are proliferating cell nuclear and nucleolar antigen-like while the third (p18) is not cell cycle dependent.
Comparative analysis of the VA/Kaiser and NLM CORE problem subsets: an empirical study based on problem frequency.

The problem list is a critical component of the electronic medical record, with implications for clinical care, provider communication, clinical decision support, quality measurement and research. However, many of its benefits depend on the use of coded terminologies. Two standard terminologies (ICD-9 and SNOMED-CT) are available for problem documentation, and two SNOMED-CT subsets (VA/KP and CORE) are available for SNOMED-CT users. We set out to examine these subsets, characterize their overlap and measure their coverage. We applied the subsets to a random sample of 100,000 records from Brigham and Women’s Hospital to determine the proportion of problems covered. Though CORE is smaller (5,814 terms vs. 17,761 terms for VA/KP), 94.8% of coded problem entries from BWH were in the CORE subset, while only 84.0% of entries had matches in VA/KP (p<0.001). Though both subsets had reasonable coverage, CORE was superior in our sample, and had fewer clinically significant gaps.
Mosaic pattern of genital divergence in three populations of Schistocerca lineata Scudder, 1899 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae)

Sexual selection theory predicts that genital structures in isolated populations are likely to diverge, but male genitalia are often species-specific, which led to the idea that male genitalia are relatively invariable within species. Previous allometric studies collectively suggested that male genitalia are intraspecifically invariable in size compared with external body parts. We investigated whether male genitalia are invariable in shape in three populations of a grasshopper Schistocerca lineata Scudder, 1899, using two independent methods of geometric morphometric analyses. Specifically, we focused on the idea that male genitalia are complex structures consisting of many functionally different components, and studied how these individual parts diverge among three populations. Individual components of male genitalia show different population-level divergence, resulting in the mosaic pattern of genital divergence. Individual components diverge independently from each other. Body size is positively correlated with genitalia size, but is significantly correlated with the shape of only one of the three genital structures we measured. Thus, different components of male genitalia may be influenced by different evolutionary processes. This study is the first to show that components of complex genitalia evolve separately within a species. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 94, 289–301.
PRIMITIVE CAUSAL RELATIONS AND THE PAIRING PROBLEM

There is no doubt that spatial relations aid us in pairing up causes and effects. But when we consider the possibility of qualitatively indiscernible things, it might seem that spatial relations are more than a mere aid – they might seem positively required. The belief that spatial relations are required for causal relations is behind an important objection to Cartesian Dualism, the pairing problem. I argue that the Cartesian can answer this objection by appeal to the possibility of primitive causal relations, a possibility I defend. This topic is of importance beyond the philosophy of mind; the possibility that causal relations might sometimes hold brutely is of general metaphysical importance. I close with a discussion of what Cartesians should say about embodiment, and how that bears on issues of mental causation.
Enhancement of AMPA-Mediated Current after Traumatic Injury in Cortical Neurons

Overactivation of ionotropic glutamate receptors has been implicated in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Using an in vitro cell injury model, we examined the effects of stretch-induced traumatic injury on the AMPA subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors in cultured neonatal cortical neurons. Recordings made using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique revealed that a subpopulation of injured neurons exhibited an increased current in response to AMPA. The current-voltage relationship of these injured neurons showed an increased slope conductance but no change in reversal potential compared with uninjured neurons. Additionally, the EC(50) values of uninjured and injured neurons were nearly identical. Thus, current potentiation was not caused by changes in the voltage-dependence, ion selectivity, or apparent agonist affinity of the AMPA channel. AMPA-elicited current could also be fully inhibited by the application of selective AMPA receptor antagonists, thereby excluding the possibility that current potentiation in injured neurons was caused by the activation of other, nondesensitizing receptors. The difference in current densities between control and injured neurons was abolished when AMPA receptor desensitization was inhibited by the coapplication of AMPA and cyclothiazide or by the use of kainate as an agonist, suggesting that mechanical injury alters AMPA receptor desensitization. Reduction of AMPA receptor desensitization after brain injury would be expected to further exacerbate the effects of increased postinjury extracellular glutamate and contribute to trauma-related cell loss and dysfunctional synaptic information processing.
Experimental study of an integral catalytic combustor: Heat exchanger for Stirling engines

The feasibility of using catalytic combustion with heat removal for the Stirling engine to reduce exhaust emissions and also improve heat transfer to the working fluid was studied using spaced parallel plates. An internally air-cooled heat exchanger was placed between two noble metal catalytic plates. A preheated fuel-air mixture passed between the plates and reacted on the surface of the catalyzed plates. Heat was removed from the catalytic surface by radiation and convection to the aircooled heat exchangers to control temperature and minimize thermal nitrogen oxide emissions. Test conditions were inlet combustion air temperatures from 850 to 900 K, inlet velocities of about 10 m/s, equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 0.9, and pressures from 1.3x10 to the 5th power to 2.0x10 to the 5th power Pa. Propane fuel was used for all testing. Combustion efficiencies greater than 99.5 percent were measured. Nitrogen oxide emissions ranged from 1.7 to 3.3 g NO2/kg fuel. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the concept and indicate that further investigation of the concept is warranted.
Studies on the Fluorometric Determination of the Toxins of the Blue-green Alga Aphanizomenon Flos-Aquae

The Bates and Rapoport fluoremetric method for the detection os saxitoxin (STX) had been modified and used for the determination of the Gonyaulax tamarensis toxins in New England shellfish, and both a tube assay and a pre-oxidized column procedure have been described (Shoptaugh, 1978). In the tube assay the shellfish extracts are treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide and the resulting fluorescence read. In the pre-oxidized column procedure the extracts are treated with hydrogen peroxide, the oxidized extracts placed on a cation exchange resin column, fractions eluted with a system of buffers, and the fluorescence of the fractions read. In view of the similarities between the physiological effects and the chemical nature of the toxins of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and the toxins produced by the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis, the causative agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning in New England shellfish, the applicability of the procedures worked out for the Gonyaulax toxins was tried for the detection and determination of the Aphanizomenon toxins.
Temperature acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration: A key uncertainty in the carbon cycle-climate feedback

Earth System Models typically use static responses to temperature to calculate photosynthesis and respiration, but experimental evidence suggests that many plants acclimate to prevailing temperatures. We incorporated representations of photosynthetic and leaf respiratory temperature acclimation into the Community Land Model, the terrestrial component of the Community Earth System Model. These processes increased terrestrial carbon pools by 20 Pg C (22%) at the end of the 21st century under a business-as-usual (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) climate scenario. Including the less certain estimates of stem and root respiration acclimation increased terrestrial carbon pools by an additional 17 Pg C (~40% overall increase). High latitudes gained the most carbon with acclimation, and tropical carbon pools increased least. However, results from both of these regions remain uncertain; few relevant data exist for tropical and boreal plants or for extreme temperatures. Constraining these uncertainties will produce more realistic estimates of land carbon feedbacks throughout the 21st century.
Research on familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (FCJD) resulting in presymptomatic testing: Implications for the human genome project

A research study to identify the priori gene mutation in a family with familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (FCJD) evolved into presymptomatic diagnostic testing. Our experience with one case raises concerns regarding similar studies that will ensue as a result of the Human Genome Project. Technological advances in human molecular genetics make it difficult for Institutional Review Boards (IRB) to adequately evaluate proposed studies. Additionally, changes in the implications of the study may occur after initial IRB approval, due to technological progress. While FCJD, like Huntington's disease (HD), has adult onset and causes progressive dementia and ataxia, protocols established for presymptomatic testing of HD were not included in the FCJD study design. It is thus recommended that IRB committees include a genetics professional and that IRB-approved research studies be reevaluated on a regular basis to monitor the impact that technological advances may have on participating human subjects.
Neutron Production by Hot Dense Plasmas Generated with High Power Pulsers

Neutron production from plasmas generated by relativistic electron beam and exploding wire discharges is surveyed. Diagnostics appropriate to distinguishing neutrons produced by acceleration mechanisms from thermonuclear sources are discussed. The results of applying these techniques to exploding wire plasmas indicate that the dominant neutron source is thermonuclear fusion.
História da biblioteconomia brasileira 10.5007/1518-2924.2002v7n13p39

Castro, Cesar Augusto. Historia da biblioteconomia brasileira. Brasilia: Thesaurus Editora, 2000. 287 p.
Space charge balance in high-speed high-saturation-current photodetectors

Charge balance in the depletion region of a photodiode can be used to reduce the space charge effect. A partially depleted absorber (PDA) InGaAs/InP photodetecter with space charge balance and transit time balance has been demonstrated. A 1dB large signal compression current of 24mA was achieved at 48GHz for an 8μm × 8μm photodiode. A 100μm-diameter photodiode achieved a maximum saturation current of 199mA at 1GHz.
Near-wall structure of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers

Modifications to near-wall turbulent boundary layer structure with increased three-dimensionality have been investigated through the use of hydrogen bubble wire flow visualization. Results indicate that three-dimensionality does not influence the strength or sign of near-wall streamwise vortices. Increased three-dimensionality does stabilize the near-wall structure resulting in less ejection type activity. The spanwise spacing between low-speed streaks also decreased slightly with increased cross-flow.
The Elderly and Drug Policy: Coming of Age

Prologue: When the subjects of prescription drugs and the elderly population intersect, an array of issues emerges spanning the worlds of science, politics, and economics. It is a complicated subject that does not easily generate public policies to balance the often conflicting issues that present themselves. The overview of this thematic issue on prescription drugs and the elderly underscores this complexity by focusing on the geriatric dimension of drug development and regulation, the participation of the elderly in clinical research trials, pharmaceutical pricing, drug utilization, medication use in long-term care, the study of drug effects in aging, and the role of federal agencies in shaping policy on drugs and the elderly—a role briefly in the spotlight during congressional consideration of a Medicare benefit to cover the costs of catastrophic acute illnesses. The author, Jerry Avorn, holds a medical degree from Harvard University and is one of very few academically affiliated physicians specializin...
The Impact of Tropical Forcing on Extratropical Predictability in a Simple Global Model

Abstract The impact of tropical forcing on the predictability of the extratropical atmosphere is studied. Using a two-layer spectral model, numerical experiments and diagnostic analyses have been carried out to examine the enhancement of predictability gained through knowledge of the tropical forcing. It turns out that knowing the tropical forcing induces a modest but significant improvement in extended-range predictions in middle/high latitudes. Ale enhancement of predictability can be locally large in a zonally asymmetric climate. A robust response to tropical forcing in the model, however, does not necessarily imply a strong impact on extratropical predictions.
P2Y2 nucleotide receptor activation enhances the aggregation and self-organization of dispersed salivary epithelial cells.

Hyposalivation resulting from salivary gland dysfunction leads to poor oral health and greatly reduces the quality of life of patients. Current treatments for hyposalivation are limited. However, r...
Elastic Wave Propagation and Generation in Seismology

The majority of mature seismologists of my generation were introduced to theoretical seismology via classic textbooks written in the early 1980s. Since this generation has matured and taken the mantle of teaching seismology to a new generation, several new books have been put forward as replacements, or alternatives, to the original classical texts. The target readers of the new texts range from beginner through intermediate to more advanced, although all have been attempts to improve upon what is now considered standard convention in quantitative seismology. To this plethora of choices we now have a new addition by Jose Pujol, titledElastic Wave Propagation and Generation in Seismology.
TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE CATALYSIS OF AZA‐CLAISEN REARRANGEMENTS

Die Aldehyde (I) werden in Gegenwart von TiCl4 zu den Enaminen (III) kondensiert und dann der Azo- Claisen-Umlagerung unterworfen.
Common coastal foraging areas for loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico: Opportunities for marine conservation

Designing conservation strategies that protect wide-ranging marine species is a significant challenge, but integrating regional telemetry datasets and synthesizing modeled movements and behavior offer promise for uncovering distinct at-sea areas that are important habitats for imperiled marine species. Movement paths of 10 satellite-tracked female loggerheads (Caretta caretta) from three separate subpopulations in the Gulf of Mexico, USA, revealed migration to discrete foraging sites in two common areas at-sea in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Foraging sites were 102–904 km away from nesting and tagging sites, and located off southwest Florida and the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Within 3–35 days, turtles migrated to foraging sites where they all displayed high site fidelity over time. Core-use foraging areas were 13.0–335.2 km2 in size, in water <50 m deep, within a mean distance to nearest coastline of 58.5 km, and in areas of relatively high net primary productivity. The existence of shared regional foraging sites highlights an opportunity for marine conservation strategies to protect important at-sea habitats for these imperiled marine turtles, in both USA and international waters. Until now, knowledge of important at-sea foraging areas for adult loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico has been limited. To better understand the spatial distribution of marine turtles that have complex life-histories, we propose further integration of disparate tracking data-sets at the oceanic scale along with modeling of movements to identify critical at-sea foraging habitats where individuals may be resident during non-nesting periods.