cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Selecting Psychology Graduate Students: Validity Evidence for a Test of Tacit Knowledge

This study provides initial evidence for the criterion-related validity of tacit knowledge (TK) as an alternative measure for selecting psychology graduate students and adds insight to the construct of TK by evaluating.its factor structure, assessing convergent relationships with other variables, and exploring alternative reasons for why TK predicts performance. TK provided incremental validity beyond GRE scores, undergraduate GPA, and 7 personality dimensions in predicting graduate school performance. Moreover, TK scores computed from experts at different universities yielded nearly identical criterion-related validity coefficients, thus strengthening the generalizability of the predictor. Although the results of the present study demonstrate convergent relationships between TK and conceptually related variables, factor analyses conducted on the TK measure did not support the subdimensions proposed by the authors of the scale. Limitations of the present study, issues involving revision of the TK measure, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Reactions of halogenated 1,2‐epoxypropanes and diethylaminoethyl cotton

Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cotton has been reacted with epichlorohydrin (1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane) neat, in alcoholic solvents, and in aprotic solvents at temperatures ranging from 25 to 95°C. Fabric properties and electron micrographs of fibers removed from these chemically treated DEAE cottons have been compared with those obtained when DEAE-cottons were treated under similar conditions with other halogenated 1,2-epoxypropanes, and with 1,2-epoxy-4,4,4-trichlorobutane. For comparative purposes, epichlorohydrin was reacted with an aminized cotton containing primary amine groups, with cotton containing quarternary ammonium groups, and with DEAE-cottons in which the tertiary amine groups had been quaternized. For reaction at 95°C with net epichlorohydrin, greatest increase in conditioned wrinkle recovery was observed with DEAE-cottons. Only with DEAE-cottons were the add-ons and recovery angles imparted by epichlorohydrin affected by the anion associated with the amine groups. None of the halogenated 1,2-epoxypropanes reacted with unmodified cotton in the absence of a basic catalyst. Those that reacted with unmodified cotton in the presence of an external base catalyst did not improve conditioned recovery angles. The mono-, di-, and trichloro-1,2-epoxypropanes all increased the conditioned and wet wrinkle recovery of DEAE-cotton when reacted neat at 95°C. The type of oxirane ring opening of epoxypropanes was shown to be influenced by the degree of chlorination of the carbon alpha to the ring. Both primary amine groups and quaternary amine groups catalyzed the epichlorohydrin–cellulose reaction. Dilution of epichlorohydrin with alcohols or decreasing reaction temperature lowered add-ons and improvements in wrinkle recovery properties. Use of aprotic solvents for the DEAE-cotton-epichlorohydrin reaction gave finished cotton fabrics having only high wet wrinkle recovery properties.
Interference in microsphere flow cytometric multiplexed immunoassays for human cytokine estimation

Abstract The present study describes positive and negative interference of human cytokine measurement in multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. Significant differences in measured IL-6 and TNF-α values in 30 normal human plasma samples were apparent depending on whether measurements were with a 2-plex assay or embedded in a multiplex of 8-or more cytokine antibody pairs, as well as among the kits of 3-different vendors. Sample diluents containing proprietary blocking ingredients were shown to greatly affect the outcome of measured cytokine values. Additionally, recovery of IL-6 and TNF-α from spiked samples suggests significant negative interference from either endogenous antibodies, soluble receptors or anti-cytokine antibodies in 10% and 26% of samples, respectively. While it is evident that multiplexed immunoassays hold great promise for cytokine profiling, there are still important issues needing further study. Especially needed are universally optimized sample diluents, uniformly calibrated standards with mass values, and internal assay controls, which should greatly facilitate intralaboratory accuracy and precision and interlaboratory comparisons of cytokine measurements. Possible causes of interference and remedies are discussed.
Convergent, Self-Encoded Bead Sensor Arrays in the Design of an Artificial Nose

We report a new approach to designing an artificial nose based on high-density optical arrays that directly incorporate a number of structural and operational features of the olfactory system. The arrays are comprised of thousands of microsphere (bead) sensors, each belonging to a discrete class, randomly dispersed across the face of an etched optical imaging fiber. Beads are recognized and classified after array assembly by their unique, “self-encoded” response pattern to a selected vapor pulse. The high degree of redundancy built into the array parallels that found in nature and affords new opportunities for chemical-sensor signal amplification. Since each bead is independently addressable through its own light channel, it is possible to combine responses from same-type beads randomly distributed throughout the array in a manner reminiscent of the sensory-neuron convergence observed in the mammalian olfactory system. Signal-to-noise improvements of approximately n1/2 have been achieved using this method.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Acutumine

An account of the total synthesis of the tetracyclic alkaloid (−)-acutumine is presented. A first-generation approach to the spirocyclic subunit was unsuccessful as a result of incorrect regioselectivity in a radical cyclization. However, this work spawned a second-generation strategy in which the spirocycle was fashioned via a radical−polar crossover reaction. This process merged an intramolecular radical conjugate addition with an enolate hydroxylation and created two stereocenters with excellent diastereoselectivity. The reaction was promoted by irradiation with a sunlamp, and a ditin reagent was required for aryl radical formation. These facts suggest that the substrate may function as a sensitizer, thereby facilitating homolytic cleavage of the ditin reagent. The propellane motif of the target was then installed via annulation of a pyrrolidine ring onto the spirocycle. The sequence of reactions used included a phenolic oxidation, an asymmetric ketone allylation mediated by Nakamura’s chiral allylzinc...
Role of Prostacyclin in the Cardiovascular Response to Thromboxane A2

Thromboxane (Tx) A2 is a vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist. Aspirin affords cardioprotection through inhibition of TxA2 formation by platelet cyclooxygenase (COX-1). Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a vasodilator that inhibits platelet function. Here we show that injury-induced vascular proliferation and platelet activation are enhanced in mice that are genetically deficient in the PGI2 receptor (IP) but are depressed in mice genetically deficient in the TxA2 receptor (TP) or treated with a TP antagonist. The augmented response to vascular injury was abolished in mice deficient in both receptors. Thus, PGI2 modulates platelet-vascular interactions in vivo and specifically limits the response to TxA2. This interplay may help explain the adverse cardiovascular effects associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors, which, unlike aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), inhibit PGI2 but not TxA2.
Pilot summer camps in computing for middle school girls: from organization through assessment

It is a well-known fact that women are under-represented in computing, and that trend has been worsening. In recent years, very few entering female freshmen have expressed an interest in computer science. Research has shown that girls lose interest in computing at an early age. If we are to fill the pipeline with women we must reach out to girls to remove the hurdles and dispel the misconceptions that turn them away from computing. This paper describes our experience in conducting pilot summer camps in computing for middle school girls. It covers the whole process, from conception through assessment, including how we worked with local schools to organize and devise the content of the camps, and how the camps were funded, conducted, advertised and assessed. We include lessons learned from this experience to benefit those who want to implement such camps. Other organizations can use the information in this paper to guide them in developing similar programs.
Impact of Wide-Base Tires on Pavements: Results from Instrumentation Measurements and Modeling Analysis:

Wide-base tire technology can reduce vehicle fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions because there is less rolling resistance at the tire-pavement interface. This study investigated the impact of wide-base tires on two typical flexible pavement structures—full-depth and thin asphalt pavements—through accelerated pavement testing and advanced finite element modeling. Three tire configurations (dual, the first-generation 425, and the new generation 455 wide-base tires) and various pavement sections with different asphalt layer and granular base layer thicknesses were considered. In particular, the advanced modeling simulated realistic tire-pavement interaction and considered appropriate material properties for each pavement layer. It was evident from this study that, of the three possibilities, the wide-base 425 tire configuration caused the greatest pavement damage. The wide-base 455 tire was found to cause greater bottom-up fatigue cracking and increased potential for subgrade rutting than the dual-...
New approaches for representing, analyzing and visualizing complex kinetic transformations

Abstract Complex kinetic mechanisms involving thousands of reacting species and tens of thousands of reactions are currently required for the rational analysis of modern combustion systems. In order to represent, analyze and visualize effectively the ignition process, advanced computational techniques will be required. Recently, we introduced a novel approach that captured the principal elemental transformations in complex reaction mechanisms in the form of graphs. In this work, we propose new approaches in order to arrive at a compact representation of the information content of these graphs utilizing machine learning principles, such as feature selection in time series and hashing. These approaches allow the projection of the totality of the information contained in the graphs describing the chemical transformations onto a single scalar. The temporally evolving graphs are treated as streaming data and locality-preserving hashing allows the unique assignment of a scalar “motif” value to each such graph. Analysis of those motifs allows the quick identification of “clusters” of identical reaction graphs that correspond to regimes with similar kinetic characteristics. The approach is illustrated with highly complex kinetic mechanisms describing pentane autoignition. It is demonstrated how this novel representation allows the identification of regions where similar temporal history of the chemical transformations is experienced.
Isolation and nucleotide sequencing of lactose carrier mutants that transport maltose

The wild-type lactose carrier of Escherichia coli has a poor ability to transport the disaccharide maltose. However, it is possible to select lactose carrier mutants that have an enhanced ability to transport maltose by growing E. coli cells on maltose minimal plates in the presence of isopropyl thiogalactoside (an inducer of the lac operon). We have utilized this approach to isolate 18 independent lactose permease mutants that transport maltose. The relevant DNA sequences have been determined, and all of the mutations were found to be single base pair changes either at triplet 177 or at triplet 236. The nucleotide changes replace alanine-177 with valine or threonine, or tyrosine-236 with phenylalanine, asparagine, serine, or histidine. Transport experiments indicate that all of the mutants have faster maltose transport compared with the wild-type strain. Position 177 mutants retain the ability to transport galactosides, such as lactose and melibiose, at rates similar to the rate of the wild-type strain. In contrast, the position 236 mutants are markedly defective in the ability to transport galactosides. With regard to secondary structure, alanine-177 and tyrosine-236 are located on adjacent hydrophobic segments of the lactose carrier that are predicted to span the membrane. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the substrate recognition site of the lactose carrier is located within the plane of the lipid bilayer. In addition, a tertiary structure model is proposed that suggests how certain transmembrane segments might be localized relative to one another.
Answering control flow questions about code

Empirical observations of developers editing code revealed that difficulties following control flow relationships led to poor changes, wasted time, and bugs. I am designing a static analysis to compute interprocedural path-sensitive control flow to help developers more quickly and accurately visually answer these common questions about code.
Epidemiology and management of selected swine reproductive diseases

Abstract The epidemiology of selected swine reproductive diseases is discussed in relation to herd size and management systems. The reproductive disease agents of major importance in the U.S. are porcine parvovirus, Leptospira spp., pseudorabies virus, swine influenza virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. In sow herds, each reproductive disease expresses clinical signs specific to that disease dependent on herd size and management systems, but sick sows, conception failures, resorption of fetuses and abnormal returns, abortion, birth of litters with few pigs, premature births, presence of excessive stillborn or mummified fetuses at term, and birth of weak pigs are the signs usually observed. Dependent on the disease present, individual sows express clinical signs related to the time during the reproductive cycle they are infected. The clinical expression of these diseases in individual sows and in herds can be used as an aid to diagnosis. Vaccines are available for all the diseases listed, but protocols for effective use of vaccines for influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome are subject to further investigation.
General uniqueness criteria for ordinary differential equations

This paper generalizes various uniqueness results and offers very general uniqueness criteria which include different types of results considered so far.
Silica‐Containing Urinary Calculi in Dogs (1981–1993)

Silica-containing urinary calculi obtained from 773 dogs and submitted by veterinarians throughout the United States were analyzed by quantitative crystallographic analysis to determine mineral composition. Specimens were composed of either multiple mineral layers (535 specimens) or 1 mineral layer (238 specimens). Most multiple-layer calculi were composed of 80% or greater silica (300 of 535, 56%) or 20% to 79% silica (184 of 535, 34%) in any mineral layer. Most 1-layer calculi were composed of 100% silica (212 of 238, 89%). Most dogs forming silica-containing calculi were of male gender (679 of 773, 88%). Bacterial cultures of calculus or urine or both were performed on 49% (376 of 773) of the specimens, and bacterial growth was obtained from 37% (139 of 376) of samples cultured. The prevalence of calculus-associated urinary tract infection was 35% (113 of 321) in males and 47% (26 of 55) in females. The gender prevalence for infection with Staphylococcus species was 16% (51 of 321) in males and 33% (18 of 55) in females. The breed and gender of dogs that formed calculi (silica population) were compared with the hospital population (Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital [VMTH] population) and with a population of calculus-forming dogs (Stonelab population) to determine risk factors for silica calculus formation. For all breeds compared, the ratio of males to females was higher in the silica population. The German Shepherd Dog and Old English Sheepdog were significantly overrepresented when the silica population was compared with either the VMTH population or the Stonelab population. We conclude that male German Shepherd Dogs and Old English Sheepdogs are at increased risk for formation of silica-containing urinary calculi.
Motivating Writers: Theory and Interventions

Writing is a very complex process that includes planning what to write, translating ideas into text, and reviewing what has been written (Hayes & Flower, 1986). Although many student writers can ma...
Neurilemoma of the kidney

Neurilemomas are neoplasms that originate from Schwann cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Thirteen case reports of neurilemomas involving the kidney have been described in the English literature. We report the fifth case of a neurilemoma within the renal sinus and review the previous cases of renal neurilemoma. This neoplasm is usually found incidentally. Presenting signs are nonspecific and radiographic features are highly variable. These factors make a preoperative diagnosis extremely difficult. Accurate identification relies heavily on detailed pathologic evaluation. Wide local excision is the treatment of choice, since malignancy is found in up to 30% of cases and there is a tendency for local recurrence and distant metastasis.
EFFECT OF DENSITY ON HOST–PARASITE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HYPERA POSTICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) AND BATHYPLECTES ANURUS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) 1

The effect of density on host–parasite interactions between Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) and Bathyplectes anurus (Thomson) was studied in a caged system in the laboratory. There was no significant relationship between proportion of hosts parasitized and host density. The frequency distribution of the parasite’s eggs approximated the Poisson distribution in 83% of the cases. There was a quadratic relationship between number of superparasitized hosts and parasite density. However, no significant correlation between proportion superparasitized and host density was detected. The Nicholsonian area of discovery was inversely related to parasite density with a strong mutual interference constant of −.467.
Telemetered electromyography of the supinators and pronators of the forearm in gibbons and chimpanzees: implications for the fundamental positional adaptation of hominoids.

Extant apes are similar to one another, and different from monkeys, in features granting them greater range of forearm rotation and greater size of the muscles that produce this motion. Although these traits may have been independently acquired by the various apes, the possibility arises that such features reflect adaptation to the stem behavior of the hominoid lineage. Anticipating that knowledge of forearm rotatory muscle recruitment during brachiation, vertical climbing, arm-hanging during feeding, and voluntary reaching might point to this stem behavior, we undertook telemetered electromyographic experiments on the supinator, pronator quadratus, ulnar head of pronator teres, and a variety of other upper limb muscles in two gibbons and four chimpanzees. The primary rotator muscles of the hominoid forearm were recruited at high levels in a variety of behaviors. As had been suspected by previous researchers, the supinator is usually active during the support phase of armswinging, but we observed numerous instances of this behavior during which the muscle was inactive. No other muscle took over its role. Kinetic analyses are required to determine how apes can execute body rotation of armswinging without active muscular effort. The one behavior that is common to most extant apes, is rare in monkeys, and which places a consistently great demand on the primary forearm rotatory muscles, is hang-feeding. The muscles of the supporting limb are essential to properly position the body; those of the free limb are essential for grasping food. Since the greater range of forearm rotation characterizing apes is also best explained by adaptation to this behavior, we join previous authors who assert that it lies at the very origin of the Hominoidea. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:253–268, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reduction of lower symmetry terms to cos 3τ′ and sin 3τ′ for vibration–internal rotation–overall rotation interactions in −XY3 molecules

Abstract In the calculation of the St, StSt, dependence of the inertia tensor and the St, dependence of the Coriolis coupling for internal rotation in −XY3 molecules, terms of lower symmetry than cos 3τ and sin 3τ appear when curvilinear internal coordinates are used for the internal rotation and other vibrations. This paper shows how these lower symmetry terms are reduced to zero after transformation to symmetry coordinates for the internal rotation and other vibrations.
Recognition of female kin by male bees through olfactory signals

Abstract After males of Lasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) have first been exposed to a conspecific female, the attractiveness of a second female diminishes with increasing genealogical relationship between the two females. The most parsimonious explanation for this is a polygenically controlled female sex pheromone. Nonrandom mating preferences may markedly affect gene flow within and between natural populations. Polygenically controlled sex pheromones probably also enhance kin recognition among females and, thus, influence the evolution of eusocial behavior in bees and wasps.
Methoxyflurane-induced renal failure

Abstract A case of methoxyflurane (Penthrane)-induced high-output renal failure is discussed. Statistical correlation exists between the degree of renal dysfunction and the increase in methoxyflurane's serum metabolites. This is a time/dose phenomenon. Methoxyflurane is recommended for the shorter surgical procedures.
Trials and Tribulations of Debugging Concurrency: You can run, but you can’t hide.

We now sit firmly in the 21st century where the grand challenge to the modern-day programmer is neither memory leaks nor type issues (both of those problems are now effectively solved), but rather issues of concurrency. How does one write increasingly complex programs where concurrency is a first-class concern. Or even more treacherous, how does one debug such a beast? These questions bring fear into the hearts of even the best programmers.
The Effects of Test Language and Mathematical Skills Assessed on the Scores of Bilingual Hispanic Students.

A sample of 408 bilingual Hispanic students in Grades 4 and 5 took the same mathematics achievement test in Spanish and in English, with the order counterbalanced within the sample. The students performed better when tested in English than in Spanish and when tested on concepts than on applications. The higher the level of English reading comprehension, the better the total test performance and the smaller the difference between concepts and applications scores.
Finding candidate keys for relational data bases

The candidate keys, as defined by E. F. Codd [4], are important in the process of reducing a normalized relation into second and third normal forms.Given a set of functional relations, Delobel and Casey [6] transformed this set into a Boolean function and it was shown that the set of all prime implicants of this function that have no primed variables are the only candidate keys.Starting only with the functional relations (dependencies), a new approach is proposed for finding all the candidate keys of a normalized relation without using a Boolean function. The algorithm depends on an implication matrix, its transitive closure and a systematic method for introducing attributes to form keys.This algorithm is suitable for hand computation as well as computer implementation.
Industrial halide wastes cause acute mortality of snow geese in Oklahoma

An examination of 97 dead migratory waterfowl collected at an industrial facility showed that the birds had had severe gastric and intestinal hemorrhaging. Water samples taken at on-site waste lagoons contained 6,750 mg/L fluoride, 4,500 mg/L bromine and 1,500 mg/L boron. Brain and liver tissues contained high levels of fluoride, as compared with tissues of birds collected at a control site. From the necropsy results, the high concentration of fluoride in the water samples and the elevated tissue residues, we conclude that the birds died from acute fluoride poisoning.
Current Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Burned Patients

The extensively burned or severely injured patient is at increased risk of wound infection as well as of infection of other organs as a result of various degrees of impairment of host defense mechanisms. The incidence of burn wound and other infections increases as the severity of injury increases. The ease with which gram-negative, opportunistic organisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa of either endogenous or exogenous origin, can colonize and invade the immunosuppressed patient demands an active infection-surveillance program. Topical therapy for burn wounds with any of three available agents has significantly reduced the occurrence of invasive pseudomonas burn-wound sepsis, but none of the agents sterilize the burn wound, and the microbial flora of the burns of any given patient may escape from control and invade viable tissue. Clinical identification and biopsy confirmation of invasive burn-wound sepsis necessitates changes in both wound and general care, with surgical and antibiotic treatment guided by the extent and depth of wound invasion. Immunologic prophylaxis and treatment of pseudomonas infections, although attractive, remain of unverified clinical effectiveness. Effective treatment of pseudomonas septicemia secondary to invasive burn-wound sepsis and of pseudomonas infections in other organs is dependent on early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy guided by sensitivity testing, and adequate surgical intervention when required.
Sex and the Second Moment of Prestige Distributions

The second moment of distributions of responses to inquiries about prestige is taken here to provide evidence about the relevance of the concept of prestige in the way we view specific social statuses. We find something cognitively hierarchical attached to the occupational pursuits of men that is less present in those of women. Prestige is particularly irrelevant in evaluations of housewifery.
ELISA and fecal culture for paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease): sensitivity and specificity of each method

Abstract The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA and fecal culture tests for paratuberculosis in dairy cattle are examined. ELISA and fecal culture data from seven dairy herds where both fecal cultures and ELISA testing was done concurrently are included. A cohort of 954 cattle including 697 parturient adults, cultured every 6 months from 10 herds followed over 4 years served as the basis to determine fecal culture sensitivity. The fecal culture technique utilized a 2 g sample with centrifugation and double incubation. Of the 954 cattle cohort of all ages (calf to adult) that were fecal sampled on the first herd visit, 79 were culture positive. An additional 131 animals were detected as culture positive over the next seven tests at 6-month intervals. The sensitivity of fecal culture to detect infected cattle on the first sampling was 38%. Of the 697 parturient cattle cohort, 67 were positive on the first fecal culture, while an additional 91 adult cattle were culture positive over the next seven tests, resulting in a sensitivity of 42% on the first culture of the total animals identified as culture positive. Animals culled from the herds prior to being detected as infected and animals always fecal culture negative with culture positive tissues at slaughter are not included in the calculations. Both groups of infected cattle will lower the apparent sensitivity of fecal culture. Infected dairy herds tested concurrently with both fecal culture and ELISA usually resulted in more than twofold positive animals by culture compared to ELISA. The classification of infected cattle by the extent of shedding of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the feces helps define the relative proportion of cattle in each group and therefore the likelihood of detection by the ELISA test. ELISA has a higher sensitivity in animals with a heavier bacterial load, i.e. high shedders (75%) compared to low shedders (15%). Repeated testing of infected herds identifies a higher proportion of low shedders which are more likely to be ELISA negative. Thus, the sensitivity of the ELISA test decreases with repeated herd testing over time, since heavy shedders will be culled first from the herds.
Outcomes of a peer mentor implemented fitness program in older adults: A quasi-randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of different applications of mentoring in an older adult exercise program, this study compared the physical fitness scores, the retention and participation rates of older adults trained by student mentors, peer mentors, peer mentors working independently of the researchers, and a non-exercising control group. Methods 106 older adults were recruited and assigned to one of the groups using quasi-randomization. All three experimental groups completed a 14-week intervention. Pre- and post-training assessments of fitness were completed, and retention and participation rates were compared. Results High retention and participation rates, as well as significant improvements in fitness scores from baseline to post-test were observed in all three mentored groups. While the control group showed improvement only in one fitness test, subjects in the mentored groups improved similarly in all measures, regardless of the type of mentoring received. Discussion These findings indicated effectiveness of the peer mentor model and suggested that with adequate preparation peer mentors may be capable of guiding older adult participants effectively without assistance from professional staff.
WHAT IS THE PROGNOSTIC ASSOCIATION OF AN ELEVATED BNP AMONG HEART FAILURE PATIENTS AT THE TIME OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANTATION

Risk stratification for adverse outcomes among heart failure (HF) patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) is currently lacking. We sought to investigate the prognostic significance of an elevated brain-natruretic peptide (BNP) at the time of ICD implantation on the risk of ICD
Purification and properties of the replicative forms and replicative intermediates of pea enation mosaic virus

Abstract Pea enation mosiac virus consists of two nucleoprotein components with sedimentation coefficients of 95 and 115 S. Three single-stranded RNA's were obtained from purified preparations of virus. Replicative forms and replicative intermediates have been isolated from diseased tissue. These molecules were characterized with respect to buoyant density, melting properties, approximate molecular weight and length distribution. Ribonucleic acid isolated from purified virus was labeled in vitro with 125 I and the product was used in molecular hybridization experiments. It was shown that replicative form RNA hybridizes to virus RNA with greater specificity than to controls.
Implementation of a novel communication tool and its effect on patient comprehension of care and satisfaction.

Background Emergency department (ED) communication has been demonstrated as requiring improvement and ED patients have repeatedly demonstrated poor comprehension of the care they receive. Through patient focus groups, the authors developed a novel tool designed to improve communication and patient comprehension. Study design This is a prospective, randomised controlled clinical trial to test the efficacy of a novel, patient-centred communication tool. Patients in a small community hospital ED were randomised to receive the instrument, which was utilised by the entire ED care team and served as a checklist or guide to the patients9 ED stay. At the end of the ED stay, patients completed a survey of their comprehension of the care and a communication assessment tool-team survey (a validated instrument to assess satisfaction with communication). Three blinded chart reviewers scored patients9 comprehension of their ED care as concordant, partially concordant or discordant with charted care. The authors tested whether there was a difference in satisfaction using a two-sample t test and a difference in comprehension using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results 146 patients were enrolled in the study with 72 randomised to receive the communication instrument. There was no significant difference between groups in comprehension (OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.23, p=0.18) or communication assessment tool-team scores (difference=0.2, 95% CI: −3.4 to 3.8, p=0.91). Conclusions Using their novel communication tool, the authors were not able to show a statistically significant improvement in either comprehension or satisfaction, though a tendency towards improved comprehension was seen.
Azathioprine induced Epstein Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer arising in perianal fistula and abscess associated with Crohn's disease

Dear Editor, Epstein Barr virus-positive (EBV +) mucocutaneous ulcer is a recently recognized entity associated with immunosuppression 1,2. We report a case of azathioprine induced EBV + lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) presenting at a site associated with long standing Crohn's associated complex perianal fistulas and recurrent perianal abscess. A 63 year old man was diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) approximately 30 years back after he presented with small bowel obstruction and was subsequently managed with ileocolic resection. He was medically treated by long term immunosuppression with azathioprine (150 mg per day) and then he recently underwent seton placement for the management of …
Book Reviews: Enough: True Measures of Money, Business, and Life No One Would Listen: A True Financial Thriller

A review of Enough: True Measures of Money, Business, and Life by John C. Bogle and No One Would Listen: A True Financial Thriller by Harry Markopolos.
Remembering the person: relations of individual difference variables to memory.

Abstract Individual differences in personality and temperament variables were examined in relation to measures of simple mental performance in an attempt to determine the effects of personality on cognitive functioning in the elderly. Shorter latencies in binary decision and choice reaction times, and in recognition memory and object naming tasks were found to be associated with greater trait anxiety and experiential openness. The need to include clinical assessments of memory impairment and measures of more global cognitive abilities and styles in future research on personality and mental performance was discussed, and ways in which information on personality variables might be incorporated into programs of intervention for memory impairment in the elderly were suggested.
Advertising and Natural Vacancies in Rental Housing Markets

We formulate a model that explains vacancy durations arising from lags in matches between the suppliers and demanders of housing units. We emphasize rental housing markets in this exposition although the model could be extended to competitive or noncompetitive rental or home-ownership markets. In the case of rental markets, if tenants do not immediately inform landlords upon initiating search for a new unit, landlords are delayed in their search for a new tenant. These matching delays induce a positive natural vacancy rate that cannot be reduced to zero, even in competitive markets. Price-taking landlords are, however, able to affect the resulting vacancy duration through advertising in a Cournot-Nash equilibrium and will, in general, invest in inefficient levels of advertising. As a consequence, there may be a role for public policy to provide incentives that would induce noncooperative landlords to choose the vacancy cost-minimizing advertising solution.
THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF PROCESSES AFFECTING RECRUITMENT OF TWO TEMPERATE REEF FISHES

Local population densities of most benthic marine organisms are determined by a variety of processes that act before, during, and after settlement of planktonic propagules to the benthos. Considerable disagreement exists over the relative contribution of each process to patterns of abundance. Using multifactorial experiments, I assessed the effects of resident conspecifics, potential interspecific competitors, predators, and reef location on patterns of recruitment of two temperate reef fishes. Recruitment of bluebanded gobies (Lythrypnus dalli) and blackeye gobies (Coryphopterus nicholsii) consistently increased with distance from a nearby large reef. Recruitment of Lythrypnus was enhanced by the presence of older resident conspecifics. I found no strong evidence of any competitive effects between the two species. Predators had a variety of important effects on the density of recruits. Recruitment of Lythrypnus was halved by predators; this was the result of direct and indirect effects of predators: in addition to directly reducing recruit density, predators also reduced recruitment indirectly by reducing the density of older residents to which recruits responded. I developed two related methods for quantifying the contributions of the direct and indirect components of the predator effect. The effect of predation was spatially variable for both species: the net effect of this variability was the elimination of recruitment patterns related to reef location. Hence, the effects of spatially variable input of recruits was dependent upon the presence of predators, and thereby, predation altered the relative importance of the other factors that affected recruitment of the gobies. I argue that a much broader understanding of the “relative importance” of multiple causal processes will be gained by striving to understand how the contribution of each process is modified by other processes than by attempting to quantify the “importance” of each process.
The Matrix and business @ the speed of thought

This article argues that the 1998 film The Matrix raises crucial questions about the status of workers in the new digital workplace, especially in texts such as Bill Gates' Business @ the Speed of Thought. The development of new electronic media has lead to the development of hypercapitalism. This article argues that the crucial feature of hypercapitalism is the control of time rather than space. Using the theories of Paul Virilio and urban geographer David Harvey, it is argued that, despite its flaws, The Matrix is in fact a compelling critique of hypercapitalism. However, while The Matrix calls into question the status of the networked worker, this article concludes that it does not take into account the 'network effect'.
Detecting Image Splicing using Geometry Invariants and Camera Characteristics Consistency

Recent advances in computer technology have made digital image tampering more and more common. In this paper, we propose an authentic vs. spliced image classification method making use of geometry invariants in a semi-automatic manner. For a given image, we identify suspicious splicing areas, compute the geometry invariants from the pixels within each region, and then estimate the camera response function (CRF) from these geometry invariants. The cross-fitting errors are fed into a statistical classifier. Experiments show a very promising accuracy, 87%, over a large data set of 363 natural and spliced images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work detecting image splicing by verifying camera characteristic consistency from a single-channel image.
Right ventricular infarction—diagnosis and treatment

Right ventricular infarction (RVI) as assessed by various diagnostic methods accompanies inferior-posterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) in 30 to 50% of patients. Recognition of the syndrome of RVI is important as it defines a significant clinical entity, which is associated with considerable immediate morbidity and mortality and has a well-delineated set of priorities for its management. Patients may clinically present with hypotension, elevated jugular venous pulse (JVP), and occasionally shock, all in the presence of clear lung fields. The ST-segment elevation of > or = 0.1 mV in the right precordial leads V4R is a readily available electrocardiographic sign used for diagnosis of RVI. Other diagnostic approaches for assessing RVI include echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, technetium pyrophosphate scanning, and hemodynamic measurements. The proper management of RVI includes volume loading to maintain adequate right ventricular preload, ionotropic support, and maintenance of atrioventricular synchrony. Reperfusion therapy should be initiated at the earliest signs of right ventricular dysfunction. Finally, complete recovery over a period of weeks to months is a rule in a majority of patients, suggesting right ventricular "stunning" rather than irreversible necrosis has occurred.
Differential expression of cardiac muscle mitochondrial matrix proteins in broilers from ascites-resistant and susceptible lines

Ascites is a metabolic disorder of modern broilers that is distinguished by cardiopulmonary insufficiency in the face of intense oxygen demands of rapidly growing tissues. Broilers with ascites exhibit sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy, the end result of which is heart failure. It has been shown that mitochondrial function is impaired in broilers with ascites. In the current study, mitochondrial matrix protein levels were compared between ascites-resistant line broilers and ascites-susceptible line broilers with and without ascites using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. One hundred seventy-two protein spots were detected on the gels, and 9 of the spots were present at different levels in the 4 groups of broilers. These 9 protein spots were selected for identification by mass spectrometry. Two of the spots were found to contain single mitochondrial matrix proteins. Both mitochondrial matrix proteins, the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and the alpha-subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme, were present at higher levels in ascites-resistant line broilers with ascites in the present study. The elevated levels of 2 key proteins in aerobic metabolism in ascites-resistant line broilers with ascites observed in the present study suggests that the mitochondria of broilers with this disease may respond inappropriately to hypoxia.
Is monetary policy important for forecasting real growth and inflation

Abstract We hypothesize that if monetary policy is important in explaining movements in output and inflation then it should follow that more accurate forecasts of monetary policy, on average, will tend to produce more accurate forecasts of growth and inflation. Using data from the Survey of Professional Forecasters we find that improved monetary policy forecast accuracy corresponds to lower variance of forecast errors for growth and inflation but very little reduction in the overall average size of forecast errors for growth and inflation.
Visualization of pulse propagation phenomena with MATLAB and Wavefront software

Propagation of electromagnetic pulses in transmission lines, waveguides, and optical fibers is an important topic in the design of telecommunication, signal processing, and VLSl systems. Modern undergraduate and graduate programs in electrical and computer engineering often include this topic in their curricula. Static displays of scalar or vector fields are usually not sufficient to illustrate the complexity of the propagation process, particularly when dispersion and attenuation are considered. We describe use of the MATLAB and WAVEFRONT Data Visualizer software to provide a dynamic view of the pulse propagation process in a variety of situations. The propagation process itself is described by a cascade of linear filters that represent different mechanisms of signal distortion. The modeling and simulation of this process are performed using MATLAB. Data are then filtered and exported into WAVEFRONT. Libraries of signal waveforms and filters are provided for a variety of common configurations used in optical and microwave engineering. Extension of this work to cover nonlinear propagation effects is under investigation.
Liberal Jurisprudence, Labor Tribunals, and Mexico's Supreme Court, 1917–1924

Within the last decade there has been a resurgence of scholarly interest in Mexican legal topics that relate to the Porfirian (1876-1910) and Mexican Revolutionary (1910-1940) periods, an especially formative time in the history of modern Mexican law.1 As Peter Reich has recently written, the great merit of this new literature has been to treat the law in its "social context," a commonplace of legal studies in the United States, but one not typical of traditional approaches to modern Mexican legal history, which have "focused narrowly on code or other legislative changes."2 Unfortu nately, these methodological gains of recent years have not yet been applied
“Medical Tourism” and the Global Marketplace in Health Services: U.S. Patients, International Hospitals, and the Search for Affordable Health Care:

Health services are now advertised in a global marketplace. Hip and knee replacements, ophthalmologic procedures, cosmetic surgery, cardiac care, organ transplants, and stem cell injections are all available for purchase in the global health services marketplace. "Medical tourism" companies market "sun and surgery" packages and arrange care at international hospitals in Costa Rica, India, Mexico, Singapore, Thailand, and other destination nations. Just as automobile manufacturing and textile production moved outside the United States, American patients are "offshoring" themselves to facilities that use low labor costs to gain competitive advantage in the marketplace. Proponents of medical tourism argue that a global market in health services will promote consumer choice, foster competition among hospitals, and enable customers to purchase high-quality care at medical facilities around the world. Skeptics raise concerns about quality of care and patient safety, information disclosure to patients, legal redress when patients are harmed while receiving care at international hospitals, and harms to public health care systems in destination nations. The emergence of a global market in health services will have profound consequences for health insurance, delivery of health services, patient-physician relationships, publicly funded health care, and the spread of medical consumerism.
Improved sea urchin DNA-based embryo growth toxicity test

This article presents an improved DNA-based embryo toxicity test in which growth is measured as the increase in DNA during a 5-h postfertilization period. The test, using direct fluoro-metric determination of DNA rather than thymidine incorporation, is fast, sensitive, easy to conduct and correlates well with other 48- and 96-h acute aquatic tests. The need for radioisotopes has been eliminated and data variability is substantially reduced. It is recommended that this test be incorporated into a battery of rapid tests used to estimate aquatic toxicity.