cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fichte and National Socialism

Next to Hegel and Nietzsche, Fichte is the German philosopher most frequently blamed as one of the principal inspirers of the National Socialist ideologies of state despotism and the superiority of the German people. Indeed, it is not difficult to find in Fichte's work any number of passages which might be interpreted in such a way as to corroborate these views. In the writings of his middle period, around 1800, Fichte arrives at a despotism of reason which in its practical application might be even more consistently restraining than the rule of our modern dictators. In his programmatic speeches for the restoration of the German nation, he ascribes to his people a divine mission which has shocked many of his interpreters. Therefore we cannot be surprised that historians who, in accordance with the demands of their profession, lay more stress on the effects of thoughts and actions than on the intentions which motivate them, attribute to Fichte a good share of responsibility for the ideology of the National Socialist party and its hold on the German people. Yet these historians are right only with regard to the external form, while the intended aims of the two systems of thought are diametrically opposed to one another.On the whole, Fichte is a moral idealist whose principal concerns are the political and inner freedom of the individual, the right and duty of the individual to contribute his best to the welfare and the cultural progress of his nation, the independence of all nationalities, social security, and an acceptable standard of living for every human being. These demands are based on a genuine respect for the dignity of man and the desire to contribute to the rule of humanitarian values in all human relations. The National Socialist, on the contrary, is fundamentally an egotistic materialist, a ruthless Herrenmensch, with a deep-rooted contempt for freedom, equality, and all humanitarian values.
CARTESIAN GRID SOLUTION OF THE EULER EQUATIONS USING A GRIDLESS BOUNDARY CONDITION TREATMENT

The convergence properties of a patched Cartesian field mesh using a gridless boundary condition treatment are presented in the solution of the Euler equations for transonic flow. The gridless treatment employs a least squares fitting of the conserved flux variables using a cloud of nodes in the vicinity of the body in order apply requisite surface boundary conditions. Various multi-grid acceleration strategies are discussed for both single and dual NACA 0012 airfoil configurations. Results show that multi- grid acceleration can provide a substantial decrease in computational work indicating a significant advantage over purely gridless schemes in which efficient implementation of multi-grid is problematic. Additionally, an enhanced treatment of the trailing edge discretization is presented in which issues associated with thin body geometry are alleviated, establishing an advantage over other Cartesian mesh methodologies. Comparisons to results incorporating a body-fitted mesh are also provided to establish the accuracy of the method. Finally, solution invariance is established for cases in which the body is not directly aligned with the Cartesian mesh establishing the flexibility of the method.
Maternal alcohol and pentazocine abuse: neonatal behavior and morphology in an opposite-sex twin pair

A pair of preterm, opposite-sex twins were examined during the lying-in period for behavioral and morphological effects of maternal alcohol and pentazocine abuse during pregnancy. A few morphological features typical of fetal alcohol syndrome were observed in each infant, and the male infant only was above the standardized mean in minor physical anomalies. The male's behavioral scores were more likely to be deviant from the standardized mean than the female's. Specifically, the male was more irritable, both spontaneously and in response to specific stimuli; highly active while awake and handled for the presentation of stimuli; more active than average during sleep; and low on ratings that reflect the attitude of the examiner toward the infant. These findings imply individual and gender differences in behavioral susceptibility to teratogens.
My Own Theory of the Law

Inspired by Professor Orin Kerr's canonical "A Theory of Law," I offer my own theory of the law.
Amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels: Insights and outlooks

ABSTRACT Amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels are important control elements used in regulating Na+ transport into cells and across epithelia. These channels are widespread and display a myriad of diff...
Gordon Bell

Computer pioneer Gordon Bell has been one of the industry's leading figures for nearly 50 years. A fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1994), American Association for the Advancement of Science (1983), ACM (1994), IEEE (1974), and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (2009) and a member of the National Academy of Engineering (1977) and National Academy of Science (2007), Bell was also a founding board member of the Computer History Museum. This interview is based on an oral history conducted by Gardner Hendrie for the CHM in June 2005.
Interaction between expression of angiogenic factors and pathology of the microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in myocardial tissue of patients with diabetes mellitus

Sudden death with myocardial infarction has always been a challenging issue for the investigators and forensic pathologists. When a person suffering from angina or myocardial infarction is simultaneously suffering from diabetes mellitus issue becomes even more complex for the investigators as usual signs & symptoms of MI may not manifest so as to rouse a suspicion of MI. This study will help the pathologists to understand the microscopic changes of diabetic cardiomyopathy better in a case having MI with diabetes. This study was done in 47 cases to know the pathology of microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in myocardial tissue of diabetic patients and expression of angiogenic factors.
An independent replication of the Adolescent-Community Reinforcement Approach with justice-involved youth.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Substance use disorders among youth remain a serious public health problem. Although research has overwhelmingly supported the use of evidenced-based interventions, one of the primary limitations of the current evidence base is that for the vast majority of treatments, the developers of the treatments are also the ones conducting research on them, raising the possibility of allegiance bias. METHODS: The present study was an independently conducted randomized controlled trial (n = 126) comparing an evidenced-based treatment for adolescent substance use, Adolescent-Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA), and assertive continuing care (ACC), to services as usual (SAU) provided by a juvenile probation department. Latent growth curve modeling was used to compare the treatments on change in substance use assessed by the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months following treatment entry. RESULTS: All youth evidenced a substantial reduction in substance use frequency and substance-related problems following treatment; however, youth treated with A-CRA/ACC evidenced a substantially greater decrease in substance-related problems. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Results are consistent with studies conducted by A-CRA/ACC model developers supporting the effectiveness of the clinical approach and, because the outcomes resulted from an independent replication, are encouraging for the transportation potential of A-CRA/ACC. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1-8).© 2016 American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en
Plane Configurations and Their Space Analogues in the Case of Pinch Points of Rational Surfaces

(1929). Plane Configurations and Their Space Analogues in the Case of Pinch Points of Rational Surfaces. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 511-517.
Spin-gradient-driven light amplification in a quantum plasma.

It is shown that the gradient ``free-energy'' contained in equilibrium spin vorticity can cause electromagnetic modes, in particular the light wave, to go unstable in a spin quantum plasma of mobile electrons embedded in a neutralizing ion background. For densities characteristic of both the solid state and very high density astrophysical systems, the growth rates are sufficiently high to overcome the expected collisional damping. Preliminary results suggest a powerful spin-inhomogeneity driven mechanism for stimulating light amplification.
Self-Trapping of Supercontinuum Generated by Femtosecond Pulses in a Noble Gas

We present an experimental and theoretical study of self-trapping that includes self-focusing and the production of plasma for supercontinuum generated in noble gases using ultra-short laser pulses.
Studies on the mechanism of the induction of site-specific recombination in the ade-6 locus of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

This work reports the effect of the ade6 mutant M26 of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe on intragenic three factor crosses. Three factor crosses of the kinds (a) M26 m1+/+ + m2, (b) M26 + m2/+ m1+, (c) + M26m2/m1+ + and (d) + M26 +/m1+/m2 were done. The numbers of prototrophic recombinants were determined by plating free spores on selective media.
Regional uptake of [3H]norepinephrine by the canine left ventricle (41491).

AbstractThe distribution of sympathetic neurons within the canine left ventricle was assessed by measuring the myocardial uptake of [3H]norepinephrine in anesthetized dogs. The nonneuronal uptake of [3H]norepinephrine was also assessed in a separate group of cocaine-treated animals. The left ventricle was systematically divided into multiple sections. The [3H]norepinephrine was isolated in tissue homogenates, using alumina extraction, and quantified by liquid scintillation counting. The results revealed a nonuniform pattern of [3H]norepinephrine uptake in the ventricular free wall, with a greater uptake in the base than in the apex. Differences in uptake between the anterior and posterior regions of the free wall, and between the free wall and the septum were not statistically significant. In the cocainetreated animals uptake was approximately 20% of that in the control animals. Furthermore, there were no significant regional differences. These data suggest that in the canine left ventricle the sympatheti...
Biological and chemical properties of dimethoate and related derivatives.

Seventeen dimethoate derivatives were prepared in the laboratory, purified, and characterized. Derivatives containing dimethoxy groups were more effective against the house fly, Musca domestica L., than the diethoxy compounds. As the N -carbamoyl chain length increased in number of carbon atoms, the toxicity to house flies decreased; the monoalkyl-substituted amides were more effective than the dialkyl-substituted amides. Increase in chain length of the dialkoxy or N -carbamoyl groups resulted in increased stability to alkaline hydrolysis. The most toxic materials to t he house fly were those having the C = 0 band between 5.90 and 5.95 µ. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion or P32-labeled dimethoate were studied in rats and three species of insects; the house fly, the German cockroach. Blattella germanica (L.), and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.). Phosphorothioate oxidation was prevalent in rats, but the degrading rather than activating systems were predominant. Amidase activity was more pronounced in rats than in insects immediately following treatment with dimethoate; this major metabolic difference may partially explain selectivity. Phosphatase activity was also more evident in rats than in insects.
TRIO Platform: A Novel Low Profile In vivo Imaging Support and Restraint System for Mice

High resolution, in vivo optical imaging of the mouse brain over time often requires anesthesia, which necessitates maintaining the animal's body temperature and level of anesthesia, as well as securing the head in an optimal, stable position. Controlling each parameter usually requires using multiple systems. Assembling multiple components into the small space on a standard microscope stage can be difficult and some commercially available parts simply do not fit. Furthermore, it is time-consuming to position an animal in the identical position over multiple imaging sessions for longitudinal studies. This is especially true when using an implanted gradient index (GRIN) lens for deep brain imaging. The multiphoton laser beam must be parallel with the shaft of the lens because even a slight tilt of the lens can degrade image quality. In response to these challenges, we have designed a compact, integrated in vivo imaging support system to overcome the problems created by using separate systems during optical imaging in mice. It is a single platform that provides (1) sturdy head fixation, (2) an integrated gas anesthesia mask, and (3) safe warm water heating. This THREE-IN-ONE (TRIO) Platform has a small footprint and a low profile that positions a mouse’s head only 20 mm above the microscope stage. This height is about one half to one third the height of most commercially available immobilization devices. We have successfully employed this system, using isoflurane in over 40 imaging sessions with an average of 2 h per session with no leaks or other malfunctions. Due to its smaller size, the TRIO Platform can be used with a wider range of upright microscopes and stages. Most of the components were designed in SOLIDWORKS® and fabricated using a 3D printer. This additive manufacturing approach also readily permits size modifications for creating systems for other small animals.
Geology of Gem Deposits.L.A. Groat, Editor. Pp. 288. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Volume 37. 2007. ISBN 978-0-921294-37-5. Price US$50.00.

Geology of Gem Deposits is the most recent addition to the classic short course volumes published by the Mineralogical Association of Canada. Although not as comprehensive as the title might imply, this volume does contain overview papers devoted (in varying degrees) to the geology of diamond, beryl, corundum, chrysoberyl, tanzanite and tsarvorite, topaz, and jade deposits, as well as gem-bearing pegmatites and colored gemstones of Canada. Individually, most of the chapters provide robust overviews of the gems they cover. However, as presented, these papers do not make a well-organized and cohesive volume. The content, structure, and organization …
Cardiac Conduction System

This chapter reviews the normal path of electrical conduction in the heart. In the structurally normal heart, the cardiac impulse is automatically generated by the pacemaker of the heart, the sinus node, and terminates in the ventricular myocardium. The anatomy and physiology of the electrical conduction in a normal heart are reviewed in this chapter.
CO2 emissions associated with electric vehicle charging: The impact of electricity generation mix, charging infrastructure availability and vehicle type

With the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the transportation sector, policymakers are supporting a multitude of measures to increase electric vehicle adoption. The actual amount of emissions reduction electric vehicles provide is dependent on when and where drivers charge the vehicles. This analysis contributes to our understanding of the degree to which a particular electricity grid profile, the vehicle type, and charging patterns impact CO₂ emissions from light-duty, plug-in electric vehicles. The authors present an analysis of anticipated emissions resulting from both battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for four charging scenarios and five electricity grid profiles. A scenario that allows drivers to charge electric vehicles at the workplace yields the lowest level of emissions for the majority of electricity grid profiles. However, vehicle emissions are shown to be highly dependent on the percentage of fossil fuels in the grid mix, with different vehicle types and charging scenarios resulting in fewer emissions when the carbon intensity of the grid is above a defined level. Restricting charging to off-peak hours results in higher total emissions for all vehicle types, as compared to other charging scenarios.
Changing Self-Destructive Habits: Pathways to Solutions with Couples and Families, by Matthew D. Selekman and Mark Beyebach

Working with clients with addictions and their families can be one of the biggest challenges facing most clinicians. Clients with these problems and their families are frequently viewed as being re...
High Dose Therapy Improves Survival in Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis: 14 Year Follow up

Abstract 750 Background: Treatment remains a challenge for systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL). Autologous stem cell transplant (AutoSCT) has been associated with long term survival. However, a recent multicenter randomized study failed to show survival benefit for AutoSCT perhaps due to high non-relapse mortality (NRM). Here we present a comparison of AutoSCT to other conventional therapies in AL patients treated at our institution with a 14-year follow up. Methods: A total of 2018 cases were identified upon pathology review from 1998–2012. AL was confirmed in 264 patients; primary amyloidosis (PA) in 147 pts and multiple myeloma with amyloidosis (AM) in 110 patients; solitary amyloidoma in 7 patients. AutoSCT was performed in 126 patients (PA=79 and AM=47). Results: The day 100 NRM was 5% and 1-year NRM was 8%. With a follow up of 14 years in surviving patients, the 10-year overall survival (OS) of AL patients was significantly better in those undergoing AutoSCT (41% vs. 17%; p 10 % at the time of autoSCT did not have an impact on OS. Cardiac biomarkers including NT-ProBNP and Troponin-I and T levels were available in a limited number of patients and were not analyzed for survival outcomes. In multivariate analysis, superior OS was associated with: age Conclusions: AL patients should be evaluated for AutoSCT and selected patients should undergo induction therapy to decrease amyloid burden prior to AutoSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Benign neonatal deep hypothermia in rodents and its relations to hibernation

The neonates of many rodent species survive deep hypothermia (T b = 0–8 °C). In key respects, this hypothermia is more akin to hibernation than was thought during much of the twentieth century, indicating that studies of neonatal hypothermia may usefully supplement studies of hibernation in understanding evolved tissue adaptations to near-freezing T b. To clarify evolutionary diversity in neonatal survival of deep hypothermia, neonates of six species or strains were subjected to a standardized procedure: exposure for 2.5 h to test T bs followed by autoresuscitation. Mus and Peromyscus differed dramatically, the lowest T b survived by all ages studied (3–10 days) being 7–8 °C in Mus and 0–1 °C in Peromyscus. There was, however, no evidence of intrageneric plasticity because feral and laboratory Mus were identical, and Peromyscus species with cold- and warm-climate distribution ranges were identical. When neonates survive deep hypothermia, a key question is whether the experience is benign, meaning neonates tolerate hypothermia. To test the benign nature of deep hypothermia, neonates of Peromyscus leucopus were exposed four times (3 h each) to T b = 1–2 °C when 3–10 days old; controls were same-sex siblings not hypothermia exposed. When 74 such sibling pairs were exposed after weaning to predation by screech owls, the hypothermia-treated and control siblings did not differ in which was caught first. Based on study of deaths in 253 sibling pairs prior to weaning while under parental care, parents cared for hypothermia-treated siblings as attentively as controls. The results indicate that the experience of multiple neonatal deep-hypothermic episodes is benign in P. leucopus.
Photoelectron scattering and acid release in EUV lithography: a simulation study (Conference Presentation)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The ionizing wavelength in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist exposure leads to photoelectron scattering and uncertainty in the resulting acid image, producing line-edge roughness (LER) and poor CD uniformity of the printed features. GOALS: Try to determine how photoelectron and acid exposure blur effects affect EUV lithography and how they might be better controlled. Try to determine whether or not, and if so under what conditions, high resist quantum yields are beneficial to EUV lithography. METHODS: Using a stochastic resist simulator, we study the effects of resist properties upon photoelectric scattering, the uncertainty in the acid release and the properties of the after-development photoresist image in high NA EUV lithography. Uncertainty in the release of acids is the fundamental cause of LER and the ultimate limiter of optical lithography technology.
Agricultural Economics Curricula

A common criticism that neither the right quantity of Agricultural Economics nor the right kind of Agricultural Economics is available to students in agriculture is coincident with the decrease in the enrollment of students in agriculture in Land-Grant Colleges. Agricultural Economics is here used in the generic sense to include basic courses in general economics, and allied subjects necessary for economic training which will meet the needs of the student. Training in Agricultural Economics may not be available although the subjects are offered in the catalogue. It is thought worth while to compare the subjects offered and these students actually take with the subjects which current opinion indicates that the student should take. The catalogues show the courses offered; Departments of Agricultural Economics were asked to supply data to show the economic subjects students of agriculture took in 1925-26 in Land-Grant Colleges; and various agricultural agencies were requested to rate twelve subjects in the order of their importance to determine what the student should take in Agriculural Economics.
Investigational PD-1 inhibitors for advanced non-small lung cancer: new players in a shifting paradigm.

Immune surveillance is the process by which naive T cells circulate throughout the body searching for aberrant or mutated antigens expressed on tumor cells in order to identify and destroy these ce...
Internal validation of Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data capture for comprehensive managed care plan enrollees from 2007 to 2010.

Purpose Because of concerns over incomplete medical encounter capture in Medicaid capitated comprehensive managed care (CMC) plans, researchers have traditionally confined analyses to fee-for-service (FFS) enrollees. We aimed to evaluate the usability of data for CMC enrollees in Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) files for 29 states from 2007 to 2010. Methods We applied 7 measures to MAX inpatient, other therapy, and prescription drug files for each state and study year. Four measures were based on "connectivity" criteria where we expected use of a select essential service to be closely connected to another, resulting in "service pairs." Three measures were based on "continuity" criteria where we expected patients to continue chronically used services or treatments when they switched enrollment from FFS to CMC plans. High proportions of continuity and comparable proportions of patients with complete service pairs relative to FFS enrollees may suggest complete data capture for CMC enrollees. Data of states that met preset criteria were considered usable for research and policy analyses. Results The completeness of CMC enrollees' data in MAX varied by states. Among 22 states having at least 5% CMC plan enrollment, data of 12 states met our quality standard and were considered usable starting in 2007. Four states had usable data starting in 2008 and one in 2009. Conclusions The completeness of CMC enrollees' data in MAX improved over the study period. In 17 out of 29 states, CMC enrollees' data in selected years were comparable with FFS enrollees and can be considered for use in analysis.
Discrepancies Between Retrospective and Actual Self-Reports of Peer Victimization Six Years Earlier.

Retrospective peer victimization reports may be inaccurate. With an ethnically and sexually diverse sample, this study compared adolescents' self-reported peer victimization in 6th grade to their own retrospective reports of 6th-grade victimization when they were in the 12th grade, controlling for past and current adjustment. Overall, 12th graders' retrospective victimization reports correlated with their own earlier 6th-grade self-reports and there was a general tendency to underreport retrospectively. Underreporters were distinguished by worse past 6th-grade adjustment, whereas overreporters were distinguished by worse current (12th-grade) adjustment. Higher current depressive symptoms and social anxiety, and lower current self-worth may be important control variables when collecting retrospective reports of victimization because current adjustment may augment participants' recollection of past experiences.
Does generational status matter in college? Expectations and academic performance among second-generation college students in the US:

Using the 2004–2009 wave of the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative sample of students who enroll in college in 2004, we examine generational difference...
Concluding Remarks: Social Justice Requires Biocritical Inquiry

Our debate here, among social constructionists, has pivoted precisely on the fact that social constructionists are suspicious of claims about race and genetics for reasons that are much larger than science—issues tied to the limits of language and epistemology, the influence of cultural factors on knowledge production, and the economic realities that order social life. Unjust social and political systems necessarily alter the biological lives of marginalized groups and populations. Therefore legacies of discrimination, pernicious policy decisions, and economic inequality must be framed as causal factors in the emergence of health disparities and human biodiversity more generally. Social justice requires what I term a “biocritical inquiry,” which reverses the orthodox practice of situating genes as the base, foundation, and unmoved movers of human health, behavior, and perceived racial difference. Instead, biocritical inquiry synthesizes scientific research and critical forms of humanistic inquiry that denaturalize genetic differences, revealing the social inequalities and historical legacies of violence, conflict, and discrimination that are inseparable from human biological diversity.
The nuclear physique.

Abstract This volume brings together a number of perspectives on how certain physical phenomena contribute to the functional design and operation of the nucleus. This collection could not be more timely, resonating with an increasing awareness of the opportunities that lie at the interface of cell biology and the physical sciences. For example, this was a major theme in the 2012 and 2013 annual meetings of the American Society for Cell Biology, and one that the Society aims to emphasize even further going forward. In addition, the emerging canonical relevance of the physical sciences to cell biology has in recent summers made a most conspicuous appearance in the curriculum (lectures and intense labs) of the famed Physiology Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. So, much credit is due to Ronald Hancock and Kwang Jeon, the coeditors of this volume, and all the authors for creating a work that is so au courant . It all started with the Big Bang Robertson (2007)
The Impact of Privacy Policy on the Auction Market for Online Display Advertising

The advent of online advertising has simultaneously created unprecedented opportunities for advertisers to target consumers and prompted privacy concerns among consumers and regulators. This paper estimates the financial impact of privacy policies on the online display ad industry by applying an empirical model to a proprietary auction dataset. Two challenges complicate the analysis. First, while the advertisers are assumed to publicly observe tracking profiles, the econometrician does not see this data. My model overcomes this challenge by disentangling the unobserved premium paid for certain users from the observed bids. In order to simulate a market in which advertisers can no longer track users, I set the unobserved bid premium’s variance to zero. Second, the data provider uses a novel auction mechanism in which first-price bidders and second-price bidders operate concurrently. I develop new techniques to analyze these hybrid auctions. I consider three privacy policies that vary by the degree of user choice. My results suggest that online publisher revenues drop by 3.9% under an opt-out policy, 34.6% under an opt-in policy, and 38.5% under a tracking ban. Total advertiser surplus drops by 4.6%, 4'39%, and 45.5% respectively.
On efficient solutions in vector optimization

A new characterization is obtained for the existence of an efficient solution of a vector optimization problem in terms of associated scalar optimization problems. The consequences for linear vector optimization problems are derived as a special case, Applications to convex vector optimization problems are also discussed.
Decoding Synergy-Based Hand Movements using Electroencephalography

In this paper, scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded from 10 subjects during hand grasping. Six objects that span different grasp types were used. Grasp kinematics were recorded using CyberGlove. From a training subset of the data, kinematic synergies were determined and their reconstruction weights in these grasps were calculated. EEG features (power spectral densities in four low and high frequency bands) were trained on kinematic synergy weights using multivariate linear regression. Using this model, kinematics from testing subset of data were decoded from EEG with 3-fold cross validation. Results are compared to chance level to determine if reconstruction weights are related to EEG features. Results indicate that EEG features can decode synergy-based movement generation. Study implications and future implementations were discussed.
Prevalence of nonfounder BRCA1/2 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish patients presenting for genetic testing at a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer center.

BACKGROUND Genetic assessment in Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) patients often is limited to BRCA1/2 founder mutation testing. With access to time-efficient and cost-efficient multigene panel testing, some advocate expanding genetic testing in this population. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, rates of nonfounder BRCA1/2 mutations and mutations in cancer-associated genes other than BRCA1/2 among AJ are not known. In the current study, the authors sought to assess the prevalence of mutations other than BRCA1/2 founder mutations among AJ patients undergoing genetic assessment. METHODS The authors reviewed the medical records for all AJ patients who underwent genetic assessment at a single institution between June 2013 and December 2016. Mutations were categorized as 1) BRCA1/2 AJ founder mutations (BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 5382insC, or BRCA2 6174delT); 2) nonfounder BRCA1/2 mutations; or 3) mutations in non-BRCA1/2 cancer-associated genes. RESULTS A total of 732 AJ patients underwent genetic assessment. Of these, 371 patients (51%) had a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer, 540 patients (73.8%) had a family history of breast cancer, and 132 patients (18%) had a family history of ovarian cancer. In the study population, 101 patients (13.8%) were found to have a pathogenic mutation, 78 patients (10.7%) had a BRCA1/2 founder mutation, 3 patients (0.4%) had a nonfounder BRCA1/2 mutation, and 20 patients (2.7%) had a mutation in a non-BRCA1/2 cancer-associated gene. Non-BRCA1/2 cancer-associated genes harboring mutations included RAD51D, TP53, mutS homolog 6 (MSH6), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and Fanconi anemia group C protein (FANCC). CONCLUSIONS Among AJ patients found to have a pathogenic mutation on genetic assessment, approximately 22.8% had a mutation that would be missed with BRCA1/2 AJ founder mutation testing. Comprehensive multigene panel sequencing can provide clinically relevant genetic information for AJ patients and should be considered for genetic assessment in this population.
The association between allostatic load and anthropometric measurements among a multiethnic cohort of children.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated if levels of allostatic load (ALoad) differed according to race/ethnicity in children and if ALoad was associated with obesity-related measures. METHODS A multiethnic sample of 307 children aged seven to 12 was evaluated, composed of 39% European American (EA), 35% African American (AA), and 26% Hispanic American (HA) youth. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and other measurements included body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Allostatic load scores were estimated based on two different calculations, including seven and eight biomarkers (ALoad1 and ALoad2), respectively. Analyses of variance, independence tests, and multiple regression models were performed. RESULTS From the total sample, 22.80% (n = 70) of children were characterized as "no load," 46.58% (n = 143) "low load," and 30.62% (n = 94) "high load." Hispanic American children showed the highest ALoad scores (2.07 ± 1.54; 95% CI, 1.73-2.41) compared with AA children (1.71 ± 1.43; 95% CI, 1.43-1.99) and EA children (1.56 ± 1.34; 95% CI, 1.32-1.80) (P < 0.05). Higher scores of ALoad (using both ALoad1 and ALoad2 calculations) were associated with higher BMI, total body fat mass, body percent fat, and WC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Significant differences in ALoad were observed in children according to race/ethnicity. Increased exposure to stressors captured by ALoad may result in increased risk for excessive adiposity and potential health risk in children. Further, ALoad may serve as a preventive marker for conditions known to continue throughout adulthood.
Russia's Oil-and-Gas Sector in 2010

The oil-and-gas sector has continued being the cornerstone to Russia’s economy and as such it plays a pivotal role in forming the state budget revenue and the nation’s balance of trade. In 2010, it was the situation in the global oil market, the one in the European gas market, and an objective deterioration of conditions of oil and gas production, decline in output at “old” fields and a considerably greater costs of development of new ones, particularly in the undeveloped regions with no infrastructure therein, that exerted the greatest influence on the national oil-and-gas sector’s advancement.
Control and Regulation of Substrate Selection in Cytoplasmic and Mitochondrial Catabolic Networks. A Systems Biology Analysis.

Appropriate substrate selection between fats and glucose is associated with the success of interventions that maintain health such as exercise or caloric restriction, or with the severity of diseases such as diabetes or other metabolic disorders. Although the interaction and mutual inhibition between glucose and fatty-acids (FAs) catabolism has been studied for decades, a quantitative and integrated understanding of the control and regulation of substrate selection through central catabolic pathways is lacking. We addressed this gap here using a computational model representing cardiomyocyte catabolism encompassing glucose (Glc) utilization, pyruvate transport into mitochondria and oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, -oxidation of palmitate (Palm), oxidative phosphorylation, ion transport, pH regulation, and ROS generation and scavenging in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial compartments. The model is described by 82 differential equations and 119 enzymatic, electron transport and substrate transport reactions accounting for regulatory mechanisms and key players, namely pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and its modulation by multiple effectors. We applied metabolic control analysis to the network operating with various Glc to Palm ratios. The flux and metabolites’ concentration control were visualized through heat maps providing major insights into main control and regulatory nodes throughout the catabolic network. Metabolic pathways located in different compartments were found to reciprocally control each other. For example, glucose uptake and the ATP demand exert control on most processes in catabolism while TCA cycle activities and membrane-associated energy transduction reactions exerted control on mitochondrial processes namely beta-oxidation. PFK and PDH, two highly regulated enzymes, exhibit opposite behavior from a control perspective. While PFK activity was a main rate-controlling step affecting the whole network, PDH played the role of a major regulator showing high sensitivity (elasticity) to substrate availability and key activators/inhibitors, a trait expected from a flexible substrate selector strategically located in the metabolic network. PDH regulated the rate of Glc and Palm consumption, consistent with its high sensitivity towards AcCoA, CoA and NADH. Overall, these results indicate that the control of catabolism is highly distributed across the metabolic network suggesting that fuel selection between FAs and Glc goes well beyond the mechanisms traditionally postulated to explain the glucose-fatty-acid cycle
Compensating for Sensor Error in the Model Predictive Control of Circadian Clock Phase

The circadian oscillator regulates many critical biological functions; misalignment between the phase of this oscillator and the environment has been linked to adverse health outcomes. Thus, shifting the circadian phase of the oscillator to align with the environment using either light or small molecule pharmaceuticals as control inputs is desired. One challenge to controlling circadian phase is that the magnitude and direction of the phase shift caused by these inputs is dependent on the phase at which the input is delivered. Simulations show that model predictive control (MPC) can successfully shift the phase of the circadian clock using perfect knowledge of the current phase of the system. However, methods to assess circadian phase continuously in real time, as would be needed to implement MPC in vivo , are limited in their accuracy. Here, we explore the impact of imperfect sensing on our ability to control circadian phase. While some pathological patterns of sensor error can make control impossible, we show that by assuming errors in the phase sensor are bounded to be sufficiently small, we can bound the error of our MPC algorithm. We propose using the expected phase response curve to improve control when sensor error is present.
Critically examining virtual history curriculum

Abstract With a notable growth in the number of students accessing online education and virtual schools, social studies educators and researchers should evaluate these educational platforms. This study involves a critical evaluation of U.S. History curriculum of Georgia Virtual School through Critical Race Theory, and contributes to the nascent literature on social studies online instruction. The results from this study illustrate a picture of Georgia Virtual School (GAVS) that coincides with research on race and racism in social studies education. In particular, analysis of the U.S. History course from GAVS shows race and racism are not addressed to the degree that Georgia Standards of Excellence require. In addition, traditionally marginalized groups, such as LatinX, Asian Americans and Native Americans, are given significantly less curricular coverage than African Americans. Racism is also presented as an overarching systemic problem. Overall, the data shows that GAVS U.S. History curriculum inadequately addresses the significance of race and racism in United States history.
The life‐enhancing alcohol‐management program: Results from a 6‐month nonrandomized controlled pilot study assessing a community based participatory research program in housing first

A 2-arm, 6-month, nonrandomized controlled pilot trial was conducted to test the initial effectiveness of the Life Enhancing Alcohol-management Program (LEAP) as an adjunct to Housing First (HF; e.g., permanent supportive housing) on alcohol and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes. The LEAP entails resident-driven leadership opportunities, meaningful activities, and pathways to recovery aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm and improving QoL. Data analyses were conducted to test between- and within-subjects effects of the LEAP on self-reported alcohol and QoL outcomes among HF residents. At the 6-month follow up, between groups analysis revealed nonsignificant findings for alcohol quantity or alcohol-related harm (ps > 0.06); however, LEAP participants reported significantly more engagement in meaningful activities than control participants (p < .001), and within-subjects analyses indicated that high levels of LEAP programming engagement predicted significant reductions in alcohol quantity and alcohol-related harm (ps < 0.01). The LEAP was associated with increased engagement in meaningful activities, and greater involvement in the LEAP programming was associated with reduced alcohol use and alcohol-related harm. Planning is underway for a future, large-scale randomized controlled trial to establish the efficacy of this approach, its generalizability across HF programs, and potential mechanisms of action.
Photodissociation of isotopically heavy O2 as a source of atmospheric O3

(O-18)(O-16) is the sixth most abundant gas in the atmosphere after (N-14)(N-14), (O-16)(O-16), Ar, (N-15)(N-14) and H2O. From available data on line positions in the Schumann-Runge (S-R) bands (175 to 205 nm) of (O-18)(O-16) its atmospheric photodissociation rates are estimated. In the high stratosphere and mesosphere this proposed source of O and O3 could be significant compared to photodissociation of (O-16)(O-16) although the estimates are subject to several uncertainties that are discussed. The transmission of solar radiation is calculated through the S-R bands of (O-18)(O-16) and (O-16)(O-16) with transmission functions averaged over individual S-R bands.
Flash crashes in multi-agent systems using minority games and reinforcement learning to test AI safety

As AI advances and becomes more complicated, it becomes necessary to study the safety implications of its behavior. This paper expands upon prior AI-safety research to create a model to study the harmful outcomes of multi-agent systems. In this paper, we outline previous work that has highlighted multiple aspects of AI-safety research and focus on AI-safety systems in multi-agent systems. After overviewing previous literature, we present a model focused on flash crashes, a concept often found in economics. The model was constructed using an interdisciplinary approach that includes game theory, machine learning, cognitive science and systems theory to study flash crashes in complex human-AI systems. We use the model to study a complex interaction between AI-agents, and our results indicate the multi-agent system in question is prone to cause flash crashes.
The Civility Cudgel: The Myth of Civility in Communication

Civility has become a buzzword, not only in our world at large, but in Communication scholarship specifically. However, the concept of communicative and dialogic civility is problematic due not onl...
Designing Occupational Therapy Home Programs for People With Aphasia: Aphasia-Friendly Modifications

Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe aphasia-friendly modification for occupational therapy assessments and home programs aimed at addressing upper extremity impairments for people po...
Time to Catheter Angiography for Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Prior Positive Investigation Does Not Affect Bleed Identification.

Objective: To determine, time to angiography for patients with positive gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) on prior investigation (endoscopy [ES], nuclear medicine [NM] Tc99m red blood cells (RBC) scan, or computed tomography angiography), affects angiographic bleed identification. Materials and Methods: Visceral Angiograms performed from January 2012 to August 2017 were evaluated. Initial angiograms performed for GIB were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included recent abdominal surgery or procedure (30 days), empiric embolization (embolization without visualized active bleeding), and use of vasodilators, or subsequent angiogram. Timing and results of ES, NM Tc99m RBC scan, or computed tomography angiogram and catheter angiogram were recorded. In addition, age, gender, angiogram time, anti- platelet therapy, anti-coagulation therapy, bleed location, international normalized ratio, and units of packed RBCs received in the 24 h before catheter angiography were included in the study. Results: One hundred and seventy angiograms were included in the final analysis. Forty-three angiograms resulted in the identification of an active bleed (68.9 years, and 67.4% male). All of these patients were embolized successfully. One hundred and twenty-seven angiograms failed to identify an active bleed (70.4 years, and 49.6% male). No significance was found across the two groups with respect to time from prior positive investigation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that units of packed RBCs received in the preceding 24 h were correlated with positive bleed identification on catheter angiography. Conclusion: Time to angiography from prior positive investigation, including ES, NM Tc99m RBC scan, or computed tomography angiogram does not correlate with positive angiographic outcomes. Increasing units of packed RBCs administered in the 24 h before angiogram do correlate with positive angiographic findings.
Video-game based instruction for vocabulary acquisition with English language learners: A Bayesian meta-analysis

Abstract This meta-analysis reviewed the literature on the efficacy of game-based learning in English as a second language vocabulary acquisition. A systematic search of the literature produced 19 studies that met inclusion criteria. Using Bayesian methods and 20 standardized-mean-difference effect sizes we assessed 1) overall mean effects and between-studies variability, 2) subgroup analyses (grade level, sex, hardware, game type, intervention length, Foreign Services Institute level, allocation, and publication type), and 3) risk of publication bias. The overall effect was moderately large, indicating favorability to the video-game based learning groups. We found evidence of effect-size heterogeneity with a large between-studies standard deviation, along with large Q and I 2 values. Subgroup analyses produced mixed results when partially explaining effect-size variability. Furthermore, all publication bias tests indicated a low risk of publication bias. We found that video-game based learning can make a significant difference in promoting English vocabulary acquisition and that integrating entertainment video games into educational contexts can result in substantial student learning gains.
The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo determine the pooled global prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).Data SourcesLiterature searches of PubMed, Embase, a...