cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Based Design Optimization of a Large Asymmetric Payload Fairing

A very large asymmetric (22×13×7 m) composite payload fairing was developed for launching payloads of unconventional geometry and size on the Atlas V Heavy Lift Vehicle. Currently, no launch system exists that can accommodate these payloads without a redesign of the launch vehicle, integration facility, or both. The asymmetric design was tailored to accommodate very large payloads while maintaining control authority limits of the launch vehicle as it currently stands. An optimal design was achieved through the expertise-guided use of an innovative computational-fluid-dynamics–based geometric optimization. The design was validated through correlation with subscale wind-tunnel testing, and extremely close agreement was achieved between the analysis and test. The final design met all design criteria and does not require significant modifications to existing launch pad integration facilities. The geometry, methods, and processes demonstrated here have wider applicability to the whole range of launch vehicle ...
Flexibility in Surface-Exposed Loops in a Virus Capsid Mediates Escape from Antibody Neutralization

New human norovirus strains emerge every 2 to 3 years, partly due to mutations in the viral capsid that allow escape from antibody neutralization and herd immunity. To understand how noroviruses evolve antibody resistance, we investigated the structural basis for the escape of murine norovirus (MNV) from antibody neutralization. To identify specific residues in the MNV-1 protruding (P) domain of the capsid that play a role in escape from the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) A6.2, 22 recombinant MNVs were generated with amino acid substitutions in the A′B′ and E′F′ loops. Six mutations in the E′F′ loop (V378F, A382K, A382P, A382R, D385G, and L386F) mediated escape from MAb A6.2 neutralization. To elucidate underlying structural mechanisms for these results, the atomic structure of the A6.2 Fab was determined and fitted into the previously generated pseudoatomic model of the A6.2 Fab/MNV-1 virion complex. Previously, two distinct conformations, A and B, of the atomic structures of the MNV-1 P domain were identified due to flexibility in the two P domain loops. A superior stereochemical fit of the A6.2 Fab to the A conformation of the MNV P domain was observed. Structural analysis of our observed escape mutants indicates changes toward the less-preferred B conformation of the P domain. The shift in the structural equilibrium of the P domain toward the conformation with poor structural complementarity to the antibody strongly supports a unique mechanism for antibody escape that occurs via antigen flexibility instead of direct antibody-antigen binding. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses cause the majority of all nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. New epidemic strains arise in part by mutations in the viral capsid leading to escape from antibody neutralization. Herein, we identify a series of point mutations in a norovirus capsid that mediate escape from antibody neutralization and determine the structure of a neutralizing antibody. Fitting of the antibody structure into the virion/antibody complex identifies two conformations of the antibody binding domain of the viral capsid: one with a superior fit and the other with an inferior fit to the antibody. These data suggest a unique mode of antibody neutralization. In contrast to other viruses that largely escape antibody neutralization through direct disruption of the antibody-virus interface, we identify mutations that acted indirectly by limiting the conformation of the antibody binding loop in the viral capsid and drive the antibody binding domain into the conformation unable to be bound by the antibody.
SHORT-RANGE ORIENTATION IN ELECTRIC FISH : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PASSIVE ELECTROLOCATION

Gymnotiform electric fish are capable of locating and approaching an electrically discharging conspecific over a range of 1‐2 m in a behavior called passive electrolocation. This paper investigates the movements of two species in experiments with approaches to stationary dipoles that are either silenced or jumped to a new direction during an approach. Gymnotus carapo fail to find an electrode source in trials in which the dipole electrode is switched off in mid-track. They slow their approach, become disoriented and drift away from the target within seconds of the field being switched off. This result suggests that the fish are unable to construct a cognitive map of a dipole source from brief exposure to local electrosensory stimuli. The second set of trials shows that Brachyhypopomus diazi and Gymnotus carapo bend their body to track electric vectors which are suddenly jumped to a new direction. The latency of the bend response is 0.5 s after the jump. Bending initiates a turn that reduces to zero the error between the fish’s direction and the electric field vector and helps keep the fish aligned with the local electric field vector. Together, these experiments suggest that passive electrolocation is stimulus-bound and that these fish find the electrical sources simply by tracking instantaneous local electric current vectors.
Effect of Feeding Three Levels of Riboflavin, Niacin and Vitamin B6 to Male Chickens on the Nutrient Composition of Broiler Breast Meat

Sixty day-old male chicks were fed three rations differing in riboflavin (R), vitamin B6, and niacin (N) content. The three rations were: (1) an adjusted basal ration containing R, B6 and N 10% above National. Research Council recommendations, (2) a ration containing 75% of the 3 vitamins as in (1), and (3) with 125% of the 3 vitamins as in (1). Birds were grown for 51 days and the breast meat harvested and analyzed for proximate composition, 3 vitamins and 9 minerals. No significant differences in the nutrient content of meat were found attributable to the dietary treatments. Results indicated that broiler meat composition was fairly constant even though birds consumed wide differences in R, B6 and N.
Stability and magnetic properties of iron atoms encapsulated in Si clusters

Abstract Equilibrium geometries, total energies, ionization potentials, electronic structure, and magnetic properties of Fe encapsulated Si n clusters containing 9–11 Si atoms have been calculated using the density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. The geometries of bare Si n clusters are substantially modified due to Fe, which occupies an endohedral position. The Si 10 Fe cluster is found to be more stable than its neighbors even though not all Si atoms are fourfold coordinated. The stability of Si 10 Fe, however, is consistent with the 18-electron rule. The magnetic moment of Fe is quenched in all the clusters studied.
Fits to new calculations of photoionization cross sections for low-Z elements

Abstract Analytical approximations to results of new calculations of partial (i.e. by subshell) photoionization cross sections of elements (2
Rising gasoline prices increase new motorcycle sales and fatalities.

We examined whether sales of new motorcycles was a mechanism to explain the relationship between motorcycle fatalities and gasoline prices. The data came from the Motorcycle Industry Council, Energy Information Administration and Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 1984–2009. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) regressions estimated the effect of inflation-adjusted gasoline price on motorcycle sales and logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) between new and old motorcycle fatalities when gasoline prices increase. New motorcycle sales were positively correlated with gasoline prices (r = 0.78) and new motorcycle fatalities (r = 0.92). ARIMA analysis estimated that a US$1 increase in gasoline prices would result in 295,000 new motorcycle sales and, consequently, 233 new motorcycle fatalities. Compared to crashes on older motorcycle models, those on new motorcycles were more likely to be young riders, occur in the afternoon, in clear weather, with a large engine displacement, and without alcohol involvement. Riders on new motorcycles were more likely to be in fatal crashes relative to older motorcycles (OR 1.14, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.28) when gasoline prices increase. Our findings suggest that, in response to increasing gasoline prices, people tend to purchase new motorcycles, and this is accompanied with significantly increased crash risk. There are several policy mechanisms that can be used to lower the risk of motorcycle crash injuries through the mechanism of gas prices and motorcycle sales such as raising awareness of motorcycling risks, enhancing licensing and testing requirements, limiting motorcycle power-to-weight ratios for inexperienced riders, and developing mandatory training programs for new riders.
Management of T2 gallbladder cancer: are practice patterns consistent with national recommendations?

Abstract Background The national recommendation for the management of localized T2 gallbladder cancer (GBCA) is radical cholecystectomy. Although reported survival for localized T2 disease has been poor, groups have documented improvement with radical resection. We hypothesized that a discrepancy exists between national recommendations and current practice patterns. Methods Patients diagnosed with localized T2 GBCA between 1988 and 2002 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, extent of surgery, and overall survival were assessed. Surgical procedure was categorized as cholecystectomy alone (CS), cholecystectomy plus lymph node dissection (CS+LN), radical cholecystectomy (RCS), or other. Survival calculations were made using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Results Of 382 patients with pathologically confirmed T2 GBCA, 280 were women. The median patient age was 75 years. A total of 238 patients underwent CS, 76 underwent CS+LN, and 14 underwent RCS. The remaining 54 patients underwent a lesser or no procedure and were excluded from comparative analysis. The median survival was 14 months for all patients and 14, 14, and 8 months for subgroups treated with CS, CS+LN, and RCS, respectively. Rates of 5-year survival were 23%, 24%, and 36% for CS, CS+LN, and RCS subgroups, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rates between RCS and CS+LN, or between RCS and CS. Conclusions The majority of patients with T2 GBCA in the United States are not managed according to current national recommendations.
An Analysis of Optimal Command Guidance vs. Optimal Semi-Active Homing Missile Guidance

An optimal command guidance system and an optimal semi-active homing missile guidance system are analyzed using adjoint theory. Both systems contain a Kalman filter to estimate the states and an optimal full state guidance law to generate the acceleration commands. The dynamics and error inputs of both systems are presented. Required accelerations and terminal miss distance are the performance measures used to evaluate the systems at short and long range intercept conditions. For short range intercepts, command guidance measurement noise is always less than that for semi-active guidance if a large tracking radar is used. Performance is essentially equivalent for the two systems, however, because semi-active homing noise decreases as the target to missile range gets smaller. For long range intercepts semi-active homing performance is much better. This is because the semiactive guidance measurement noise becomes smaller than the relatively constant command guidance measurement noise. Cost factors involved in each type of system are discussed.
Perioperative care of an infant with an anomalous left innominate artery arising from the main pulmonary artery.

A 1.4-kilogram, male infant was born at 27 weeks gestation at an outside hospital. After birth, the patient’s trachea was intubated and surfactant administered. Initial echocardiogram showed a pate...
Submission patterns: Measurement and evaluation in counseling and development author and article characteristics from 1990 to 2009.

Submission patterns of articles accepted forPUBLICation in Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development from 1990 to 2009 are reviewed. Trends are analyzed in article content (i.e., typ...
Reticulum cell sarcoma in a Sykes monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis).

The gross and microscopic characteristics are described of a reticulum cell sarcoma found in a Sykes monkey during the course of 112 postmortem examinations of monkeys.
The ASK1 gene regulates development and interacts with the UFO gene to control floral organ identity in Arabidopsis

Normal flower development likely requires both specific and general regulators. We have isolated an Arabidopsis mutant ask1-1 (for Arabidopsis skp1-like1-1), which exhibits defects in both vegetative and reproductive development. In the ask1-1mutant, rosette leaf growth is reduced, resulting in smaller than normal rosette leaves, and internodes in the floral stem are shorter than normal. Examination of cell sizes in these organs indicates that cell expansion is normal in the mutant, but cell number is reduced. In the mutant, the numbers of petals and stamens are reduced, and many flowers have one or more petals with a reduced size. In addition, all mutant flowers have short stamen filaments. Furthermore, petal/stamen chimeric organs are found in many flowers. These results indicate that the ASK1 gene affects the size of vegetative and floral organs. The ask1 floral phenotype resembles somewhat that of the Arabi- dopsis ufo mutants in that both genes affect whorls 2 and 3. We therefore tested for possible interactions between ASK1 and UFO by analyzing the phenotypes of ufo-2 ask1-1 double mutant plants. In these plants, vegetative development is similar to that of the ask1-1 single mutant, whereas the floral defects are more severe than those in either single mutant. Interior to the first whorl, the double mutant flowers have more sepals or sepal-like organs than are found in ufo-2, and less petals than ask1-1. Our results suggest that ASK1 interacts with UFO to control floral organ identity in whorls 2 and 3. This is very intriguing because ASK1 is very similar in sequence to the yeast SKP1 protein and UFO contains an F-box, a motif known to interact with SKP1 in yeast. Although the precise mechanism of ASK1 and UFO action is unknown, our results support the hypothesis that these two proteins physically interact in vivo. Dev. Genet. 25:209-223, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Development of Tools to Study Immune-Mediated Allergenic Responses to Food and Feed

Publisher Summary The application of biotechnology to the production of food and feed presents both new opportunities and challenges to the health of both human and livestock. As the last decade has witnessed an increase in the prevalence of Food Allergy (FA), the development of validated animal models that can be used to evaluate the potential impact of new food and feeds, both on the development of allergic responses and on growth and development, is needed. Allergic reactions to food and feed are relatively rare but occasionally produce a severe immunological reaction in both humans and animals. Food allergy encompasses several immune mechanisms that can present with a variety of symptoms. This chapter discusses the incidence and severity of food allergy, and outlines the mechanism of Type 1 immediate hypersensitivity as it applies to man and livestock. It also describes an ongoing effort that is directed toward developing inbred swine populations in which neonatal piglets exhibit either reduced or enhanced hypersensitivity to soybean and peanut.
Filter considerations in color correction

The quality of color correction is dependent upon the filters used to scan the image. This paper introduces a method of selecting the scanning filters using a priori information about the viewing illumination. Experimental results are presented. The addition of a fourth filter produces significantly improved color correction over that obtained by three filters.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High Surface Area Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Electrodes Templated by Graft Copolymerization. Applications in Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Catalysis

Mesoporous ATO nanocrystalline electrodes of micrometer thicknesses have been prepared from ATO nanocrystals and the grafted copolymer templating agents poly vinyl chloride-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate). As-obtained electrodes have high interfacial surface areas, large pore volumes, and rapid intraoxide electron transfer. The resulting high surface area materials are useful substrates for electrochemically catalyzed water oxidation. With thin added shells of TiO2 deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and a surface-bound Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophore, they become photoanodes for hydrogen generation in the presence of a reductive scavenger.
A Postprofessional Distance-Education Program in Neurodiagnostics and Sleep Science

Sleep medicine is a quickly growing field of allied health and preventive medicine. The University of North Carolina has proven innovative and timely in offering a neurodiagnostics and sleep science bachelor's degree program for the sleep medicine profession.
Relationship between insulin and growth hormone in growth and development of rat submandibular glands.

SummaryAlloxan diabetes mellitus was induced in weanling female Sprague-Dawley strain rats. Diabetics in the test groups were given daily subcutaneous injection of 1 U of protemine zinc insulin (PZI), 50 or 100 μg of growth hormone (GH) or 1 U of PZI plus 50 μg of GH/100 g of body weight for 14 days. Diabetic and intact controls were similarly treated with vehicle. A significant retardation of the growth of salivary glands was shown in the diabetics as compared to intact controls. In the diabetics, PZI treatment resulted in a significant stimulation and GH treatment in an inhibition of the growth of the salivary glands. PZI and GH administered concurrently exhibited a synergism in stimulating salivary gland growth.
Substituent effects on O-H bond dissociation enthalpies: a computational study.

Bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) can exhibit dramatic variations resulting from substituent effects. The remarkable range of experimental OH bond dissociation enthalpies have been reproduced using CBS-APNO calculations with very good accuracy, so we have employed these calculations to extend the available BDE data. The effect on these BDEs of lone pairs on the atom adjacent to oxygen shows that conjugation in the product radicals is the most important interaction leading to the wide range of values. The BDE’s were found to be linearly related to both the spin density at the radical center and to the change in X–O bond order in going from X–O–H to X–O·.
Intermittent Injection of OK432 Through Indwelling Balloon Catheter Intralesionally by Fenestration Applied to Treat Maxillofacial Lymphangioma

Objective To introduce and evaluate a minimally invasive procedure for application of OK-432 injection to treat cervicofacial lymphangioma. Methods 15 children affected by cervicofacial lymphangioma who have received OK-432 injection using indwelling catheter in the cervical fenestration focus, their clinical diagnosis and treatment course from 2004 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed, and related literatures were also reviewed. Results Almost all patients were cured in appearance without scar, pigmentation etc complications in the focus range, so there is no need to again surgical involvement. One year postoperation followed up and did not show any signs of reccurrence. Conclusion intermittent administration of OK-432 through indwelling catheter intralesionally by fenestration is a safe and more effective procedure,it could be employed in managing cervicofacial lymphangioma, in especially for hygroma.
The Subperiosteal Approach for the Correction of the Deep Nasolabial Fold and the Central Third of the Face

The nasolabial fold is one of the most difficult problems to correct with the traditional skin-SMAS rhytidectomy. This article presents a technique for the correction of the deep nasolabial fold and the central third of the face. Key steps of the operation include (1) a wide subperiosteal dissection with extension under the intermediate temporal fascia and the fascia of the masseter muscle, (2) subperiosteal release of the lower margins of the malar and maxillary areas, and (3) upward lifting and fixation of the deep structures in an almost vertical orientation. These surgical principles can be applied to the open, pure endoscopic, or endoscopic-assisted biplanar facelift.
A Dozen Heads Are Better Than One: Collaborative Writing in Genre-Based Pedagogy

Organizing writing instruction around genres rather than rhetorical modes can be a highly effective and engaging preparation for students' academic and professional writing needs. The teaching/learning cycle (TLC) is a highly scaffolded curriculum model for teaching target written genres. In the TLC, the organization of and linguistic choices in a genre are made explicit to learners through analysis of mentor texts (deconstruction), following which teachers and students together compose a new text in the target genre (joint construction), and only then do students write their own texts (independent construction). The authors describe how they implemented the TLC in a high-intermediate intensive course in English as a second language by redesigning traditional five-paragraph essay assignments into meaningful genre instruction. Examples discussed include online product reviews, professional emails, and restaurant reviews. The key stage of the TLC, teacher-led, whole-class collaborative writing, is shown to promote the development of language and writing skills by making linguistic, rhetorical, and strategic choices visible. As a result, students appear to internalize language they have negotiated in the joint construction and transfer their learning to subsequent independent writing. The authors conclude with implications of genre-based pedagogy for writing instruction in different educational contexts.
A Rare Moderate‐Sized (Mw 4.9) Earthquake in Kansas: Rupture Process of the Milan, Kansas, Earthquake of 12 November 2014 and Its Relationship to Fluid Injection

The largest recorded earthquake in Kansas occurred northeast of Milan on 12 November 2014 ( M w 4.9) in a region previously devoid of significant seismic activity. Applying multistation processing to data from local stations, we are able to detail the rupture process and rupture geometry of the mainshock, identify the causative fault plane, and delineate the expansion and extent of the subsequent seismic activity. The earthquake followed rapid increases of fluid injection by multiple wastewater injection wells in the vicinity of the fault. The source parameters and behavior of the Milan earthquake and foreshock–aftershock sequence are similar to characteristics of other earthquakes induced by wastewater injection into permeable formations overlying crystalline basement. This earthquake also provides an opportunity to test the empirical relation that uses felt area to estimate moment magnitude for historical earthquakes for Kansas.
FOG-1 Directly Binds to a Chromatin Remodeling and Deacetylase-Containing Complex To Mediate Transcriptional Repression by GATA-1.

Terminal erythroid maturation requires coordinated activation of erythroid marker genes and repression of genes associated with the undifferentiated state. These gene expression patterns are mediated by the concerted action of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 and its cofactor FOG-1 that can activate or repress transcription depending on promoter context. We and others showed previously that one mechanism by which FOG-1 functions is to facilitate GATA-1 association with certain DNA target sites in vivo. Using gene complementation studies of GATA-1-ablated erythroid cells, we show that at several GATA-1-repressed target genes (c-kit, c-myc and GATA-2) FOG-1 is dispensable for GATA-1 occupancy in vivo but essential for gene repression and histone deacetylation. To examine how FOG-1 functions as co-repressor we performed affinity chromatography, conventional protein purification and in vitro binding studies to identify proteins that bind FOG-1. We discovered that FOG-1 directly associates with the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex NURD. This interaction is mediated by a small conserved domain at the N-terminus of FOG-1 and the MTA-1 subunit of NURD. Association of FOG-1 with NURD occurs in vivo and depends on an intact N-terminus of FOG-1. A series of point mutations across the N-terminus of FOG-1 revealed a tight correlation between NURD binding and transcriptional repression. In particular, a single point mutation at the N-terminus of FOG-1 that abrogated NURD binding also blocked gene repression by FOG-1. Finally, the ability of GATA-1 to repress transcription was impaired in erythroid cells expressing a mutant form of FOG-1 that is defective for NURD binding. Together, these studies show that FOG-1 and very likely other FOG proteins are bona fide co-repressors that link GATA proteins to histone deacetylation and nucleosome remodeling via a novel protein interaction module.
Non-Lineage/Stage Restricted Effects of a Gain-of-Function Mutation in Tyrosine Phosphatase Ptpn11 (Shp2) on Malignant Transformation of Hematopoietic Cells

Abstract 392 SHP2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase implicated in multiple cell signaling processes, plays an essential role in hematopoietic cell development. Our previous studies have demonstrated that this phosphatase is required for erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid development and that it functions in cytokine signaling in both catalytically-dependent and –independent manners. Notably, germline and somatic mutations (heterozygous) in PTPN11 (encoding SHP2) have been identified in 35% of the patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a childhood myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Furthermore, PTPN11 mutations are also found in pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes (10%), B cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) (7%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (4%), and sporadic solid tumors. These mutations result in hyperactivation of SHP2 catalytic activity. In addition, PTPN11 disease mutations, especially leukemia mutations, enhance the binding of mutant SHP2 to signaling partners. Although previous studies have shown that Ptpn11 mutations induce cytokine hypersensitivity in myeloid progenitors and MPD in mice, it is unclear whether Ptpn11 mutations also play a causal role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemias. If so, the underlying mechanisms and the cell origin of leukemia initiating/stem cells (LSCs) remain to be determined. PTPN11 E76K mutation is the most common and most active PTPN11 mutation found in JMML and acute leukemias. However, the pathogenic effects of this mutation have not been well characterized. We created Ptpn11 E76K conditional knock-in mice. Global Ptpn11 E76K/+ mutation resulted in early embryonic lethality associated with enhanced ERK signaling. Induced knock-in of this mutation in pan hematopoietic cells led to MPD as a result of aberrant activation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid progenitors. These animals subsequently progressed to acute leukemias. Intriguingly, in addition to AML, T-ALL and B-ALL were evolved. PTPN11 E76K/+ mutation induced LSC development not only in stem cells but also in lineage committed progenitors as tissue-specific knock-in of Ptpn11 E76K/+ mutation in myeloid, T lymphoid, and B lymphoid progenitors also resulted in AML, T-ALL, and B-ALL, respectively. Further analyses revealed that Shp2 was distributed to centrosomes and that Ptpn11 E76K/+ mutation promoted LSC development partly by causing centrosome amplification and genomic instability. Thus, Ptpn11 E76K mutation has non-lineage specific effects on malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells and initiates acute leukemias at various stages of hematopoiesis. This mutation may play an initiating role in the pathogenesis of pediatric acute leukemias. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Reliability and Stability of an Inferred Phylogenetic Tree from Empirical Data

The reliability of a phylogenetic tree obtained from empirical data is usually measured by the bootstrap probability (Pb) of interior branches of the tree. If the bootstrap probability is high for most branches, the tree is considered to be reliable. If some interior branches show relatively low bootstrap probabilities, we are not sure that the inferred tree is really reliable. Here, we propose another quantity measuring the reliability of the tree called the stability of a subtree. This quantity refers to the probability of obtaining a subtree (Ps) of an inferred tree obtained. We then show that if the tree is to be reliable, both Pb and Ps must be high. We also show that Ps is given by a bootstrap probability of the subtree with the closest outgroup sequence, and computer program RESTA for computing the Pb and Ps values will be presented.
Charge Density Wave Phenomena in TTF-TCNQ and Related Organic Conductors

Although it has long been known that a one-dimensional (1 D) metal is intrinsically unstable to the formation of charge- or spin-density waves,1–3 the study of real physical metallic systems which are, in effect, truly one-dimensional in electronic structure has emerged only in the past few years.4 The chainlike stacking of5,6 planar molecules in the TCNQ salts with the implied π-electron overlap was suggestive of highly anisotropic properties and, in a rough sense, of quasi-one-dimensionality. However, it is important to recognize the difference between “anisotropy” and “one-dimensionality” since clearly all experimental chain-like systems form in three dimensional structures with, perhaps, weak coupling between individual chains. Understanding of the reality of the 1 D limit came with quantitative measurements of the anisotropy of the optical7–13 and transport14–16 properties of 1 D conductors.17
When Human Visual Performance Is Imperfect—How to Optimize the Collaboration Between One Human Operator and Multiple Field Robots

In this chapter, we consider a robotic field exploration and classification task where the field robots have a limited communication with a remote human operator, and also have constrained motion energy budgets. We then extend our previously proposed paradigm for human–robot collaboration (Cai and Mostofi, Proceedings of the American control conference, pp 440–446, 2015 [4]), (Cai and Mostofi, Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems, 2016 [5]) to the case of multiple robots. In this paradigm, the robots predict human visual performance , which is not necessarily perfect, and optimize seeking help from humans accordingly (Cai and Mostofi, Proceedings of the American control conference, pp 440–446, 2015 [4]), (Cai and Mostofi, Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems, 2016 [5]. More specifically, given a probabilistic model of human visual performance from (Cai and Mostofi, Proceedings of the American control conference, pp 440–446, 2015 [4]), in this chapter we show how multiple robots can properly optimize motion, sensing, and seeking help. We mathematically and numerically analyze the properties of robots’ optimum decisions, in terms of when to ask humans for help, when to rely on their own judgment and when to gather more information from the field. Our theoretical results shed light on the properties of the optimum solution. Moreover, simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach and confirm that it can save resources considerably.
Intrasinus penetration of a silastic malar implant, which resulted in chronic sinusitis: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND Malar augmentation is a common cosmetic procedure utilizing silastic materials. We describe an uncommon complication of a silastic implant eroding into the anterior maxillary sinus wall resulting in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS A literature review is presented describing the presentation, surgical management and outcome of this uncommon adverse event. RESULTS An 80 year old female with a history of bilateral cosmetic malar implants placed approximately 25 years ago presented to our office with a 4-5 month history of left-sided symptoms consistent with chronic sinusitis, and was found to have intrasinus penetration of her left malar implant. Only one other case series of 5 cases in 4 patients is reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Intrasinus malar implant migration is a rare complication of malar augmentation. The present experience suggests that removal of the offending foreign body often results in successful symptom resolution.
Polyolefin/graphene nanocomposites: a review

Polymeric materials reinforced with nanofillers continue to fulfill the worldwide demand for alternative materials with low cost and better physico-mechanical properties. These materials are prepared by mixing polymers with nanofillers (e.g. layered silicates, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene) using in situ or melt blending techniques for improved physico-mechanical properties. Among all the nanofillers, CNTs and graphene have emerged as subjects of tremendous scientific interest and have attracted a great deal of attention from across several disciplines in recent years. Among the nanofillers, graphene has shown very good electrical, thermal, mechanical and gas barrier properties in combination with polyolefins. The present review is an overview of polyolefin/graphene based composites, especially of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), with special emphasis on their methods of preparation, properties and potential applications.
Computation of controllers for nonlinear hybrid systems 1

Abstract A hybrid system is one which involves the interaction of discrete and continuous dynamics; in a nonlinear hybrid system , the continuous dynamics may be nonlinear and therefore may model quite general physical systems. Designing controllers for hybrid systems involves generating both the continuous nonlinear control law as well as the logic for the controllable transitions between discrete states. Tn this paper, we present our technique for synthesizing controllers for nonlinear hybrid systems, a method which is based on solving a system of coupled partial differential equations- Then, we discuss a numerical algorithm based on level set methods for solving this system of equations.
Normalizing Private Business in China

Private business is among the many things that comprise the “new normal” in Xi Jinping’s China. Given the Communist Party’s socialist transformation of the private sector in the 1950s and its concerted suppression of “tails of capitalism” over the next 20 years, it was surprising that it began to legitimize private business in 1978. It did this to address a number of pressing social and economic problems. After a slow start, micro enterprises began to increase in numbers and scale, and the party passed several amendments to the state constitution and revised its ideological stance to make private business a normal and legitimate component of the economic field, and to recruit private entrepreneurs into the party. Nonetheless, the “new” normal continues to evolve and China’s new capitalists walk a vague line between acceptance and vulnerability.
On Traveling Salesperson Problems for a double integrator

In this paper we propose some novel path planning strategies for a double integrator with bounded velocity and bounded control inputs. First, we study the following version of the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP): given a set of points in Ropfd, find the fastest tour over the point set for a double integrator. We first give asymptotic bounds on the time taken for to complete such a tour in the worst-case. Then, we study a stochastic version of the TSP for double integrator where the points are randomly sampled from a uniform distribution in a compact environment in Ropf2and Ropf 3. We propose novel algorithms that perform within a constant factor of the optimal strategy with high probability. Second, we study a dynamic TSP: given a stochastic process that generates targets, is there a policy which guarantees that the number of unvisited targets does not diverge over time? If such stable policies exist, what is the minimum wait for a target? We propose novel stabilizing algorithms whose performances are within a constant factor from the optimum, in Ropf 2as well as in Ropf3. We also argue that these algorithms give similar performances for a particular nonholonomic vehicle, the Dubins vehicle
Safety engineering of computational cognitive architectures within safety-critical systems

Abstract This paper presents the integration of a cognitive architecture with an intelligent decision support model (IDSM) that is embedded into an autonomous non-deterministic safety critical system. The IDSM will integrate multi-criteria decision making via intelligent technologies like expert systems, fuzzy logic, machine learning and genetic algorithms. Cognitive technology is currently simulated in safety–critical systems to highlight variables of interest, interface with intelligent technologies, and provide an environment that improves a system’s cognitive performance. In this study, the IDSM is being applied to an actual safety–critical system, an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) with embedded artificial intelligence (AI) software. The USV’s safety performance is being researched in a simulated and a real world nautical based environment. The objective is to build a dynamically changing model to evaluate a cognitive architecture’s ability to ensure safe performance of an intelligent safety–critical system. The IDSM does this by finding a set of key safety performance parameters that can be critiqued via safety measurements, mechanisms and methodologies. The uniqueness of this research will be on bounding the decision making associated with the cognitive architecture’s key safety parameters (KSP). Other real-time applications that could benefit from advancing the safety of cognitive technologies are unmanned platforms, transportation technologies, and service robotics. The results will provide cognitive science researchers a reference for safety engineering artificially intelligent safety–critical systems.
Analyzing the IMF’s “New” Institutional View for Regulating International Capital Flows Using Minsky and Kregel: Do They Finally Get It?

AbstractIn the wake of the North Atlantic Financial Crisis, the IMF’s Institutional View noticeably shifted toward a much greater acceptance of capital flow management measures to regulate international capital flows. This raises a host of issues—most importantly, whether its new policy stance is finally consistent with the needs developing economies have for ensuring financial stability. That is the topic examined in this article. To do so, we compare the substance and results of a Minsky-Kregel model of international financial fragility to that of the IMF’s “New” Institutional View. We find that while the IMF has come a long way in its recognition of the efficacy of capital flow management measures, there still remains an even further way to go.
Species and Sex Differences in the Morphogenic Response of Primary Rodent Neurons to 3,3′-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11)

PCB 11 is an emerging global pollutant that we recently showed promotes axonal and dendritic growth in primary rat neuronal cell cultures. Here, we address the influence of sex and species on neuronal responses to PCB 11. Neuronal morphology was quantified in sex-specific primary hippocampal and cortical neuron-glia co-cultures derived from neonatal C57BL/6J mice and Sprague Dawley rats exposed for 48 h to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or PCB 11 at concentrations ranging from 1 fM to 1 nM. Total axonal length was quantified in tau-1 immunoreactive neurons at day in vitro (DIV) 2; dendritic arborization was assessed by Sholl analysis at DIV 9 in neurons transfected with MAP2B-FusRed. In mouse cultures, PCB 11 enhanced dendritic arborization in female, but not male, hippocampal neurons and male, but not female, cortical neurons. In rat cultures, PCB 11 promoted dendritic arborization in male and female hippocampal and cortical neurons. PCB 11 also increased axonal growth in mouse and rat neurons of both sexes and neuronal cell types. These data demonstrate that PCB 11 exerts sex-specific effects on neuronal morphogenesis that vary depending on species, neurite type, and neuronal cell type. These findings have significant implications for risk assessment of this emerging developmental neurotoxicant.
Rethinking advertising policy in light of the climate crisis

There is a significant need for a paradigm shift in advertising and climate change scholarship. While content- and consumer-based work in advertising is useful, especially in terms of creating messages to target deniers of global warming (Atkinson, 2017), it is limited in its ability to directly assist with climate change mitigation. Reimagining advertising systems as gatekeepers, that distribute advertisements under conditions that take into account production processes, may be able to make up for this limitation. Rethinking the manner in which advertising transactions occur in order to advertise in media, by moving them away from strict business and financial exchange interpretations, to a new exchange system also based on environmental concerns, may be the most effective contribution to climate change mitigation the field of communication can offer. There is limited time left to reverse the direction before dangerous, potentially irreversible changes in the Earth’s climate occur (Anderson, 2012; Foster, 2017).
Effects of pronase and neuraminidase treatment on a myelin-associated glycoprotein in developing brain

Rats (14 days old) were injected with [14c]fucose and young adult rats with [3H]fucose in order to label the myelin-associated glycoproteins. As previously reported, the major [14C]fucose-labelled glycoprotein in the immature myelin had a higher apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels that the [3H]fucose-labelled glycoprotein in mature myelin. This predominant doubly labelled glycoprotein component was partially purified by preparative gel electrophoresis and converted to glycopeptides by extensive Pronase digestion. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 separated the glycopeptides into several clases, which were designted A,B, C AND D, from high to low molecular weight. The 14C-labelled glycopeptides from immature myeline were enriched in the highest-molecular-weight class A relative to the 3H-labelled glycopeptides from mature myelin. Neuraminidase treatment of the glycoprotein before Pronase digestion greatly decreased the proportion of glycopeptides fractionating in the higher-molecular-weight classes and largely eliminated the developmental differences that were apparent by gel filtration. However, neuraminidase treatment did not decrease the magnitude of the developmental difference revealed by electrophoresing the intact glycoprotein on sodium dodecyl sulphate gels, although it did decrease the apparent molecular weight of the glycoprotein from both the 15-day-old and adult rats by an amount comparable in magnitude to that developmental difference. The results from gel filtration of glycopeptides indicate that there is a higher content of large molecular weight, sialic acid-rich oligosaccharide units in the glycoprotein of immature myelin. However, the higher apparent molecular weight for the glycoprotein from 15-day-old rats on sodium dodcyl sulphate gels is not due primarily to its higher sialic acid content.
Autonomous Modal Parameter Estimation: Methodology

Traditionally, the estimation of modal parameters from a set of measured data has required significant experience. However, as the technology has matured, increasingly, analysis is being performed by less experienced engineers or technicians. To address this development, frequently software solutions are focusing upon either wizard-based or autonomous/semiautonomous approaches. A number of autonomic approaches to estimating modal parameters from experimental data have been proposed in the past. In this paper, this history is revewed and a technique suitable for either approach is presented. By combining traditional modal parameter estimation algorithms with a-priori decision information, the process of identifying the modal parameters (frequency, damping, mode shape, and modal scaling) can be relatively simple and automated. Examples of the efficacy of this technique are shown for both laboratory and real-world applications in a related paper.
Construction of a large naïve human phage-displayed Fab library through one-step cloning.

Antibody-based therapeutics is attracting more attention in the post-genome era, in contrast to a diminution in the initial high expectation for rapid development of gene-based therapeutic modalities. In support to the antibody-based therapeutics, the advent of recent technologies has made human antibody screening and production progressively more economic. Among those technologies, phage-display antibody library has been successfully applied in the antibody-based drug development both as fully human antibody sources and tools for antibody engineering. Building up a high-quality antibody library with a large library size and high diversity has been crucial for successful isolation of antibodies. Here we describe an efficient strategy for the construction of a large naive phage-display human Fab library with one-step cloning. Optimization of each key step is extensively discussed and simplified protocols for library panning and Fab production are also described.
“In Our Two Selves”: Adolphe Appia and Gordon Craig on Japanese Theatre

Adolphe Appia and Gordon Craig have been venerated together as two of the founding fathers of modern European theatre. They had much in common in their ideas on theatre, and they shared a keen interest in Japanese theatre. Having known nothing about Japanese performance, Appia had a stimulating experience of the real, but ultimately rejected it. Having gained a knowledge of virtually every aspect of Asian theatre, Craig, however, had a nightmarish experience of the real and rejected it from the outset. Consciously averse to the real, Craig could only relish in his imagination the time-honoured tradition of Asian theatre that was, for him, unknowable and dangerous to know and absorb. Appia’s and Craig’s views of Asian theatre were racially and culturally predetermined and confined. Craig, more conversant with Asian theatre than Appia was, went even further in his negative—seen from our contemporary globalized perspective—approach to Asian theatre than his German “self.”