cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arcade: early dynamic property evaluation of requirements using partitioned software architecture models

A fundamental goal of software engineering research is to develop evaluation techniques that enable analysis early in the software development process, when correcting errors is less costly. The Systems Engineering Process Activities (SEPA) Arcade tool employs a number of techniques to evaluate dynamic properties of requirements including correctness, performance, and reliability. To mitigate a number of practical issues associated with dynamic property evaluation, Arcade leverages the SEPA 3D Architecture, a formal requirements representation that partitions requirements types amongst a set of interrelated architecture models. This paper presents a case study illustrating how Arcade uses the SEPA 3D Architecture to help manage complexity associated with dynamic property evaluation, to reduce the level of evaluation technique expertise required to perform dynamic property evaluations, and to support an iterative, incremental approach that allows early evaluation using partial requirements models.
International trade, economic growth and intellectual property rights: A panel data study of developed and developing countries

Abstract This paper examines the role of high-technology trade, IPRs and FDI in determining a country's rate of innovation and economic growth. The empirical analysis is conducted using a unique panel data set of 47 developed and developing countries from 1970 to 1990. The results suggest that: (1) high-technology imports are relevant in explaining domestic innovation both in developed and developing countries; (2) foreign technology has a stronger impact on per capita GDP growth than domestic technology; (3) IPRs affect the innovation rate, but this impact is more significant for developed countries; (4) the results regarding FDI are inconclusive.
Video Utterances: Expressing and Sustaining Ethnographic Meaning through the Product Development Process

In this paper we discuss the use of short, specific videos to communicate ethnographic data throughout the product development process. Ethnographic videos of this nature provide complex information in short “utterances” (zero to three minutes) that researchers use to effectively convey local meaning to other participants in the process. Video utterances can be used to create opportunities for participation in product ideation, recognize key features and identify problems during product testing. With proper scaffolding, the video utterances are an effective means of contextual representation proving to be quick, direct and influential with product development teams. Using video of this kind impacts the product as the local, ethnographic meaning is sustained throughout development.
TC-Oriented Supported Housing for Homeless MICAs

Abstract This article describes a TC-oriented aftercare program for homeless mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs) in a supported housing facility, and presents some preliminary data on program effectiveness. The study divided the clients who had completed a residential modified TC program into two groups—those who participated in the TC-oriented supported housing program and those who did not. The data show similarities in the profile of the two groups. Improvement in negative behaviors (e.g., drug use and crime) occurred during the residential program and stabilized during the supported housing program, while improvement in prosocial behaviors (e.g., psychological functioning and employment) was incremental and continuous over the course of both programs. Those who partici pated in the TC-oriented supported housing program demonstrated significantly better outcomes than those who did not. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of a TC-oriented supported housing program as an a...
Wave-kinetic numerical approach to propagation of optical beams. II: Two canonical problems

In a previous paper [ D. A. de Wolf J.-K. Pack , J. Opt. Soc. Am. A3, 532 ( 1986)], a novel numerical calculation of the irradiance of an optical beam propagating through an almost transparent large-scale-length medium was presented. The method is based on approximate conservation in phase space of the Wigner distribution function during propagation. Application to two canonical problems is presented here: free-space diffraction of a laser beam and scattering of a beam by one Gaussian fluctuation of the refractive index. These illustrate the details of the method’s application and the range of validity of the approximations.
Ophthalmia neonatorum; is prophylaxis necessary.

Silver-nitrate prophylaxis for gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum was discontinued from April, 1957 through October 25, 1957 in the Sloane Hospital for Women of the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Six nurseries were kept under surveillance for discharging eyes. The incidence of discharging eyes was 3.2% of 1,974 infants observed. This incidence rate is analyzed by nursery and by months. Specimens from the 64 infants with discharging eyes and 19 controls were cultured. The results of the cultures from the discharging eyes and the controls were very similar except for four isolations of N. gonorrhoeae from discharging eyes. This represented a marked increase in incidence of gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum over the 10 cases which had occurred in the Medical Center in the previous 25 years. Two cases of gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum were clinically obvious on the second day. One had only a minor discharge on the eighth day. The other was home on the fourth day and returned to the hospital on the sixth day with obvious symptoms. All recovered uneventfully. None of the mothers were suspected of having gonorrheal infection, although two had positive cultures from the cervix post partum. Prophylaxis for gonorrheal ophthalmia has been reinstituted in this Medical Center.
Batch granulation control using a simplified population balance and nonlinear model predictive control

This paper presents a simple granulation model using geometrically spaced bins in order to accommodate changes in particle size spanning many orders of magnitude. Assuming a particle size distribution measurement is available online using emerging measurement techniques, optimal modifications to the process input values are calculated using a constrained nonlinear model predictive control formulation. It is assumed that additional binder can be added at any point in time and that the mixer speed can be modified online. Given variations in initial conditions and process parameters, the shrinking horizon nonlinear moving horizon controller simulation shows improved performance as compared to open loop trajectories.
TOGp, the Human Homolog of XMAP215/Dis1, Is Required for Centrosome Integrity, Spindle Pole Organization, and Bipolar Spindle Assembly

The XMAP215/Dis1 MAP family is thought to regulate microtubule plus-end assembly in part by antagonizing the catastrophe-promoting function of kin I kinesins, yet XMAP215/Dis1 proteins localize to centrosomes. We probed the mitotic function of TOGp (human homolog of XMAP215/Dis1) using siRNA. Cells lacking TOGp assembled multipolar spindles, confirming results of Gergely et al. (2003. Genes Dev. 17, 336-341). Eg5 motor activity was necessary to maintain the multipolar morphology. Depletion of TOGp decreased microtubule length and density in the spindle by approximately 20%. Depletion of MCAK, a kin I kinesin, increased MT lengths and density by approximately 20%, but did not disrupt spindle morphology. Mitotic cells lacking both TOGp and MCAK formed bipolar and monopolar spindles, indicating that TOGp and MCAK contribute to spindle bipolarity, without major effects on MT stability. TOGp localized to centrosomes in the absence of MTs and depletion of TOGp resulted in centrosome fragmentation. TOGp depletion also disrupted MT minus-end focus at the spindle poles, detected by localizations of NuMA and the p150 component of dynactin. The major functions of TOGp during mitosis are to focus MT minus ends at spindle poles, maintain centrosome integrity, and contribute to spindle bipolarity.
A readiness model for adopting Web services

Swanson's tri‐core model and typology of IS innovation is used to analyze Web services as IS innovation. Reconciling theoretical and practical perspectives, we develop a three‐layer nested‐stage model as a road map for studying Web services innovation. Most current Web services practice is at the first stage as IS technological process innovation (Type 1b). High compatibility, high divisibility, and high customizability are the primary characteristics of Web service (Type 1b), which originate from the innovation invention layer. Perceived communicability, perceived relative advantage, perceived complexity, and financial cost are the secondary characteristics of Web services (Type 1b), which are located at the innovation adoption layer. We propose a readiness model to illustrate the key controllable factors that influence the adoption decision of Web services (Type 1b): innovation awareness readiness, innovation‐needs fit readiness, technological skills readiness, and financial resources readiness.
The pinch rectifier: A low-forward-drop high-speed power diode

A new concept for reducing the forward voltage drop of Schottky rectifiers without incurring excessive reverse leakage currents is introduced. In this concept, a junction grid is incorporated beneath the Schottky barrier to pinch off current flow during reverse blocking. Experimental results that demonstrate the capability to reduce the forward drop from 0.6 to 0.4 V without incurring an increase in leakage current are presented.
Vertical Fusional Response to Asymmetric Disparities

Objective measurement of the human vertical fusional response to asymmetric disparity presentation was carried out. Ramp disparities evoked mostly monocular eye movements. Step disparities evoked binocular eye movements which began with conjugate saccades followed by slower vergence movements. The two saccade amplitudes were approximately equal, and each was greater than half of the disparity. Motor compensation was mostly incomplete, allowing for the existence of a significant sensory component. Slower time course characterized the vertical vergence movements which were otherwise similar to the horizontal motor response to asymmetric disparity presentation.
Activity of Five Aminoglycoside Antibiotics In Vitro Against Gram-Negative Bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus

The in vitro susceptibility to BB-K8, butirosin, gentamicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin of seven groups of clinically significant gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed by using the International Collaborative Study-World Health Organization criteria. The activity of gentamicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin generally paralleled each other. Sisomicin was the most potent compound by weight and usually demonstrated the most rapid rate of killing. BB-K8 and butirosin were less potent, but higher serum levels may be achieved with these agents. BB-K8 generally showed the greatest ratio between achieveable mean peak serum levels and concentrations needed to inhibit [Formula: see text] of each group of organisms tested. Additionally, BB-K8 was active against six of seven highly gentamicin-resistant strains. All of these antibiotics showed diminished activity at pH 6.4 but only gentamicin and sisomicin showed occasionally enhanced activity at pH 8.4.
Effect of exogenous estrogen on atherothrombotic vascular disease risk related to the presence or absence of the factor V leiden mutation (resistance to activated protein C)

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), which produces acquired resistance to activated protein C when superimposed on heritable resistance to activated protein C (the mutant Factor V Leiden trait), may promote venous and arterial thrombosis. In a cross-sectional study of 423 women referred for hyperlipidemic therapy (93 of whom [22%] were on ERT), our specific aim was to determine whether ERT and heterozygosity for the Factor V Leiden mutation and/or resistance to activated protein C interacted as risk factors for atherothrombosis. Of the 423 women, 168 (40%) had atherothrombosis, 19 (4%) were heterozygous for Factor V Leiden mutation or had resistance to activated protein C or =2 (Factor V Leiden mutation-). By stepwise logistic regression, positive explanatory variables for atherothrombosis included hypertension (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.003), relatives with atherothrombosis (p = 0.002), anticardiolipin antibody immunoglobulin-M (p = 0.02), and a Factor V Leiden mutation*ERT interaction term where atherothrombosis events were more likely in 2 subgroups of women (ERT- and Factor V Leiden mutation-) or (ERT+ and Factor V Leiden mutation+) (p = 0.02). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely associated with atherothrombosis (p = 0.004). In a separate logistic regression model for the 213 women with a polymerase chain reaction measurement of the Factor V gene, ERT was protective (p = 0.008); the Factor V Leiden mutation was positively associated with atherothrombosis (p = 0.05). The atherothrombosis odds ratio risk for ERT (yes vs no) was 0.36 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.16 to 0.74, p = 0.007). The atherothrombosis risk odds ratio in women heterozygous for the Factor V Leiden mutation (vs normal) was 2.00 (95% CI 1.02 to 4.22, p = 0.05). ERT may be protective against atherothrombosis when the Factor V Leiden mutation is absent, whereas the Factor V Leiden mutation may increase risk for atherothrombosis, particularly in the presence of ERT. We suggest that the Factor V Leiden mutation be measured in all women on ERT or before beginning ERT to identify those heterozygous for the Factor V Leiden mutation (4%), in whom ERT is relatively or absolutely contraindicated because of increased risk for atherothrombosis and thromboembolism. A second, much larger group of women will also be identified without the factor V Leiden mutation (96%), in whom ERT may reduce the risk for atherothrombosis.
ICER-capades: putting cardiac cyclic AMP signaling "on ice".

K oyaanisquatsi : ko · yaa · nis · katsi [from the Hopi language], n. 1 crazy life. 2. life in turmoil. 3. life disintegrating. 4. life out of balance. 5. a state of life that calls for another way of living. In the complex interconnected world of myocardial cell signaling, structure and function depend on balancing of positive and negative regulatory stimuli, sequentially or in tandem, to promote homeostatic conditions. Transient variations in balance of signal transduction are the norm as the myocardium dynamically adjusts to physiological demands and conditions. Fortunately, a finely tuned array of antagonistic signaling molecules normally keeps each other from running amok. However, when myocardial signaling suffers from koyaanisquatsi , the resultant cellular alterations lead to cardiomyopathic disease. A healthy heart is highly responsive to catecholamines that stimulate adrenergic receptor signaling to increase contractile force.1 β-Adrenergic receptors transduce signals through G proteins that stimulate the classic G(s)-adenyl cyclase-3′-5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. The cAMP pathway senses and amplifies β-adrenergic receptor activation, subsequently altering gene expression in conjunction with cAMP-response element binding (CREB) and cAMP-response element modulator (CREM) proteins.2,3 cAMP-response elements (CREs) are found in the promoters of numerous genes regulating multiple facets of cell function.2–4 CRE-mediated transactivation in cardiomyocytes undergoes a rapid “burst,” peaking within 8 hours after induction followed by an attenuation phase characterized by a decrease in CRE-dependent transcription and refractoriness of transactivation by CREB, even in the presence of cAMP-elevating agonist.5 Several mechanisms have been explored to account …
Activation of protective responses in oral epithelial cells by Fusobacterium nucleatum and human β-defensin-2

Oral epithelia are constantly exposed to non-pathogenic (commensal) bacteria, but generally remain healthy and uninflamed. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral commensal bacterium, strongly induces human β-defensin-2 (hBD2), an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide, in gingival epithelial cells (GECs). hBD2 is also expressed in normal oral tissue leading to the hypothesis that oral epithelia are in an activated state with respect to innate immune responses under normal in vivo conditions. In order to test this hypothesis, global gene expression was evaluated in GECs in response to stimulation by an F. nucleatum cell wall (FnCW) preparation and to hBD2 peptide. FnCW treatment altered 829 genes, while hBD2 altered 209 genes (P<0.005, ANOVA). Many induced genes were associated with the gene ontology categories of immune responses and defence responses. Consistent with the hypothesis, similar responses were activated by commensal bacteria and hBD2. These responses included up-regulation of common antimicrobial effectors and chemokines, and down-regulation of proliferation markers. In addition, FnCW up-regulated multiple protease inhibitors, and suppressed NF-κB function and the ubiquitin/proteasome system. These global changes may protect the tissue from inflammatory damage. Both FnCW and hBD2 also up-regulated genes that may enhance the epithelial barrier. The findings suggest that both commensal bacteria and hBD2 activate protective responses of GECs and play an important role in immune modulation in the oral cavity.
Optical Indices of Tin-Doped Indium Oxide and Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Coatings

Thin films of tin-doped indium oxide are widely used for transparent conductors. One application of ln203:Sn (ITO) is transparent contacts for electrochromic electrodes. Optical design of electrochromic devices requires knowledge of the optical constants for each layer from the near ultraviolet and visible to the mid infrared. Determination of the optical constants of the electrochromic layer cannot be made in isolation; a complete device or at least a half-cell including a layer of ITO is required to change the optical state of the electrochromic material. Measurements on ITO were made using variable-angle spectral ellipsometry, and spectral transmittance and reflectance. A series of structural models were fit to this data. The problem is complicated because of inhomogeneity in the films, variability in the manufacturing process, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. The spectral dependency was modeled by a single Lorentz oscillator and a Drude free-electron component. This data was then used as the basis for a model to extract the optical constants for a tungsten oxide electrochromic film.
Transistor width dependence of LER degradation to CMOS device characteristics

When transistor gate length is scaled down, the impact of transistor poly gate line edge roughness (LER) on device characteristics becomes significant. In this work, we study the dependence on transistor width of the low spatial frequency LER induced CMOS device Ion/Ioff degradations, based on TCAD simulation results and silicon data. Methodology to account for LER effects in device optimization is also discussed. We found that when the transistor width becomes comparable to the LER spatial period, the resulting transistor Ion/Ioff degradation presents a very different signature from that of wide transistor cases. We found that for narrow width transistors, the scatter clouds on the Ion/Ioff plot stretch out along the Ion/Ioff curve direction and compress vertically toward the ideal Ion/Ioff curve resulting in transistor parametric yield loss.
Interaction of hyperthermia with Taxol in human MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells

Hyperthermia treatments (43 degrees C, 1 h) were performed on exponentially growing MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells at the beginning, middle, or end of 24 h incubations of the cells in vitro with Taxol (paclitaxel). When the cells were heated at the beginning or middle of the Taxol incubation, the hyperthermia treatment protected against the toxic effect of each of the Taxol concentrations examined (5, 10 and 100 nM). Consistent with earlier studies, Taxol treatment at 37 degrees C resulted in an accumulation of greater than 94% of the cells in G2/M at 24 h. Heating the cells at the middle or end of the Taxol treatment resulted in a similar accumulation. However, heat treatment during the first hour of Taxol exposure resulted in a significantly smaller percentage of cells (approximately 50%) in G2/M. HPLC analysis showed that at 37 degrees C, Taxol uptake into MCF-7 cells approached maximum within 0.25 h and increased only slightly more over the next 11.75 h. The parental Taxol level was markedly lower by 24 h. In contrast, 1 h hyperthermia treatments at the beginning or middle of the Taxol incubation resulted in higher Taxol concentrations at 12 and 24h, and higher intracellular concentrations overall than at 37 degrees C. These results indicate that hyperthermia inhibits Taxol related cell cycle effects and cytotoxicity, in spite of causing higher concentrations of Taxol to be present in heated cells.
Shifting Places, Contested Spaces: Land and Identity Politics in the Pacific

This paper considers the contemporary problematics surrounding the identification of persons with land which is one of the central features of Pacific societies. The movements of people and conflicts of control over land and other resources in the context of emergent capitalism have produced these problematics. A local contrast is drawn between the Western and Southern Highlands Provinces in Papua New Guinea in terms of two historical moments: transformations of land into exchange and transformations of exchange into land. These represent different historical responses to capitalist expansion in the ‘coffee-tea belt’ of the Western Highlands and the ‘oil-gas belt’ of the Southern Highlands. The response of the Western Highlanders to their predicaments, couched in terms of Christian ideas, is depicted, and a general suggestion is made that we need a stream of problem-oriented studies focusing on the contradictions between ‘practice’ and ‘custom‘ in issues over land in the Pacific, as argued recently also by Anthony Hooper and Gerard Ward; on the changing meanings attributed to money and wealth; and on attempts by people to reassert their local senses of identity, while accommodating themselves to and using the frameworks or the language of outside forces, whether national or global. A new wave of ethnographic writing is needed to encompass the analysis of contemporary complexities of life in Papua New Guinea and elsewhere in the Pacific and of the prevalent symbolism of the millennium or ‘end times’.
The Enhanced SEC Enforcement Power Against Control Persons after Dodd-Frank: The Supreme Court Should Reject the 'Culpable Participation' Requirement to Prevent SEC Forum Shopping

In 2010, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”) in response to the collapse of the United States economy. Congress and President Obama partially attributed the recession to the failure of financial regulation. Dodd-Frank gave the SEC a nationwide subpoena power for civil actions. Dodd-Frank also resolved one circuit split solidifying the SEC’s ability to use its enforcement power to control persons liable for the violations of those they control. This Note argues that a remaining circuit split over the elements required to make out a prima facie case of control person liability will lead to forum shopping by the SEC in section 20(a) claims. The SEC will likely avoid the Second and Third Circuits because those courts apply the rigorous “culpable participation” standard in addition to what the majority of circuits require in order to increase the SEC’s chances of a successful control person liability claim. The Supreme Court should finish what Dodd-Frank started and resolve the remaining circuit split by rejecting “culpable participation” in order to strengthen the SEC’s enforcement power and avoid SEC forum shopping.
Landmark estimation of survival and treatment effects in observational studies

Clinical studies aimed at identifying effective treatments to reduce the risk of disease or death often require long term follow-up of participants in order to observe a sufficient number of events to precisely estimate the treatment effect. In such studies, observing the outcome of interest during follow-up may be difficult and high rates of censoring may be observed which often leads to reduced power when applying straightforward statistical methods developed for time-to-event data. Alternative methods have been proposed to take advantage of auxiliary information that may potentially improve efficiency when estimating marginal survival and improve power when testing for a treatment effect. Recently, Parast et al. (J Am Stat Assoc 109(505):384-394, 2014) proposed a landmark estimation procedure for the estimation of survival and treatment effects in a randomized clinical trial setting and demonstrated that significant gains in efficiency and power could be obtained by incorporating intermediate event information as well as baseline covariates. However, the procedure requires the assumption that the potential outcomes for each individual under treatment and control are independent of treatment group assignment which is unlikely to hold in an observational study setting. In this paper we develop the landmark estimation procedure for use in an observational setting. In particular, we incorporate inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) in the landmark estimation procedure to account for selection bias on observed baseline (pretreatment) covariates. We demonstrate that consistent estimates of survival and treatment effects can be obtained by using IPTW and that there is improved efficiency by using auxiliary intermediate event and baseline information. We compare our proposed estimates to those obtained using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, the original landmark estimation procedure, and the IPTW Kaplan-Meier estimator. We illustrate our resulting reduction in bias and gains in efficiency through a simulation study and apply our procedure to an AIDS dataset to examine the effect of previous antiretroviral therapy on survival.
Transparent repeaters

The concept of a “transparent repeater1,” which is an amplifier circuit designed to minimize the delay introduced by highly resistive interconnect lines in high speed digital circuits, is introduced and described in this paper. An insertion methodology for this circuit is also discussed. Defining characteristics of this circuit are: the input is connected to the output, the output generates the same sense transition as the corresponding input transition, the buffer output becomes high impedance after every transition, and the buffer may detect input transitions with low threshold voltages.
Outcome measure to assess head-down bed rest subject performance.

Background The purpose of the present study was to develop an objective outcome measure to assess the performance of head-down bed rest subjects. The rationale behind the development was that the current outcome measure is subjective and dependent upon how much the clinical psychologist knows about subject behaviors during the study to rate them accurately. Methods The behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) were developed through the use of the critical incident technique, along with traditional BARS development procedures, and the use of focus groups. Results Use of these methodologies yielded 86 usable critical incidents, which were used as anchors for the scales. Discussion Further research will be necessary to determine whether or not associations exist between data from the BARS and psychological screening data.
294 FACTORS INFLUENCING LIPID PROFILES IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Background Early onset of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has been reported to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Reports on the prevalence of abnormal lipid profiles in children with T1DM are conflicting. Objective To assess the prevalence of abnormal lipid profiles in children with T1DM and describe the temporal trends in dyslipidemia. Also to aim to characterize the lipid profiles with regard to ethnicity and to identify the risk factors associated with abnormal lipid profiles in children with T1DM. Study Design Children with T1DM, followed at the Children9s Hospital of Birmingham, Alabama, were included in this retrospective study. Patients were identified using the diagnosis code of 250.1. Only patients with more than one lipid level are included in the study. Children with liver disease, thyroid dysfunction, renal dysfunction, retinopathy, and type 2 diabetes are excluded. The overall lipid analysis including examinations for all children at multiple time points since diagnosis of diabetes is the outcome measure. Lipid profiles are stratified according to the American Heart Association optimal lipid level for children and adolescents. Results The study included 182 children diagnosed with T1DM from age 1.0 to 16 years with an average of 7.7 ± 2.9 years; 51.3% males and 48.7% females; 76.2% Caucasians and 23.8% African Americans. The mean HbA 1c was 10.58 ± 2.2% in African Americans and 8.7 ± 1.6% in Caucasians ( p = p = .0013), TC/HDL-C ratio ( p = 1c over time significantly associated with changes in TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and HDL-C after adjusting for age, sex, and race. African Americans were more affected by the changes in the HbA 1c over time with changes in the TC ( p = .0079), TC/HDL ratio ( p = p = p = Conclusions Our data clearly indicate that TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C are significantly affected by glycemic control over time. The differences in the magnitude of the changes in TC, LDL-C levels to variations in HbA 1c in African Americans with T1DM were higher than in whites. We demonstrate that race is a profound risk factor in the relationship between diabetes control and abnormal lipid profile in children with T1DM.
Effect of high salt intake on sodium, potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in the erythrocytes of normotensive men

1. We measured ouabain-insensitive adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), sodium, potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and intracellular Na+ and K+ in the erythrocytes of 19 healthy volunteers, before and after supplementation of their normal diet was 6.0-8.9 g of salt (102-137 mmol of NaCl) per day, for 5 days. 2. The subjects had a small but significant gain in weight. Mean plasma renin activity decreased from 1.57 to 0.73 pmol of angiotensin 1 h-1 ml-1 and plasma aldosterone from 0.46 to 0.24 nmol/l. 3. Total ATPase activity fell from 197.9 nmol of inorganic phosphate h-1 mg-1 during the control period to 173.5 during the high-salt period (P less than 0.0125). Na+, K+-ATPase activity fell from 162.2 to 141.4 nmol of inorganic phosphate h-1 mg-1 (P less than 0.05). Intracellular Na+ and intracellular K+ did not change. 4. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that salt-induced volume expansion causes the release of a factor inhibitory to the Na+ pump.
Piezo-Actuated Micromechanical Tester for Thin Films Available for Commercialization Without a License

(1997). Piezo-Actuated Micromechanical Tester for Thin Films Available for Commercialization Without a License. Materials Technology: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 12-14.
Comparative analysis of robustness of spin transfer torque based look up tables under process variations

Spin Transfer Torque (STT) switching realized using a Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) device has shown great potential for low power and non-volatile storage. A prime application of MTJs is in building non-volatile Look Up Tables (LUT) used in reconfigurable logic. Such LUTs use a hybrid integration of CMOS transistors and MTJ devices. This paper discusses the reliability of STT based LUTs under transistor and MTJ variations in nano-scale. The sources of process variations include both the CMOS device related variations and the MTJ variations. A key part of the STT based LUTs is the sense amplifier needed for reading out the MTJ state. We compare the voltage and current based sensing schemes in terms of the power, performance, and reliability metrics. Based on our simulation results in a 16nm CMOS, for the same total device area, the voltage mode sensing scheme offers 75% lower failure rates under threshold voltage (Vth) variations, 4.9X higher tolerance to MTJ resistance variations, 19% less delay, and 64% lower active power compared to the current sensing scheme.
The Black Family: Housing Alternatives in the 80s.

The housing that families require varies depending upon family life cycle. Family life cycle can be divided into seven stages: namely, (1) marriage or household formation: (2) prechild (constant size); (3) child-bearing (increasing size); (4) child-rearing (constant size); (5) child-launching (decreasing size); (6) postchild (constant size); and (7) widowhood or family dissolution. Thus, families move through stages of formation, maturation, and dissolution and therefore require different types of housing structures, space, and location (Wilson, 1979:5).
Administrative Integration of Microformated Government Publications: A Framework for Analysis.

This article provides a framework for identifying the administrative parameters that affect the handling of microformated government publications in a library. Once the structure has been explicated the author describes how successful administrative integration of microformated government publications may be achieved.
Advances in Multimodal Tracking of Driver Distraction

This chapter discusses research efforts focused on tracking driver distraction using multimodal features. A car equipped with various sensors is used to collect a database with real driving conditions. During the recording, the drivers were asked to perform common secondary tasks such as operating a cell phone, talking to another passenger, and changing the radio stations. We analyzed the differences observed across multimodal features when the driver was engaged in these secondary tasks. The study considers features extracted from the controller area network bus (CAN-bus), a frontal camera facing the driver, and a microphone. These features are used to predict the distraction level of the drivers. The output of the proposed regression model has high correlation with human subjective evaluations (ρ = 0.728), which validates our approach.
“Not Everybody Can Take Trips Like This”: A Paralympian’s Perspective on Educating About Disability Around the World

This chapter presents an autoethnographic account of my experiences living with multiple identities as a disabled adopted woman of color and reflections from my travels to poverty-stricken areas helping to advance disability policies and promoting awareness. The stories presented allow readers to interrogate, or question the world, where we’ve come from, where we are today. The significance of this chapter rests in what Ellis (The ethnographic I: a methodological novel about autoethnography. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, 2004), a well-known autoethnographer, describes as producing survivor tales that open up a moral and ethical conversation. The two stories being told are about my experiences returning to India, my place of birth, and the moment of shifting from being an outsider looking in at the culture to becoming an insider looking out. This story is about the intersection of disability, race, and my perspectives on poverty pertaining to my own identity development. The second story, building on these experiences, is about work I’ve completed in Ghana to help develop opportunities for persons with disabilities in the realm of sport. In this nation, I learned the power sport has to serve as a catalyst for social change in improving the lives and opportunities for persons with disabilities. Key policy makers and decision makers for the country of Ghana interested in disability affairs who had previously never met each other came together to improve lives for persons with disabilities. Collectively, these experiences of oppression and facing stigmas strengthened and enhanced my own identity development, and may serve as a catalyst for others’ reframing of their own experiences.
DEMYSTIFYING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES: NAVIGATING THROUGH THE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY MAZE

A significant part of the growth in consumer-to-business electronic commerce is likely to originate from the increasing numbers of mobile computing devices and smart telephone devices. Most of the data from mobile computers will be carried over by emerging wireless networks. Many wireless technologies and standards are now available. As a result, it is becoming increasingly difficult for non-domain experts like managers, to sort through the maze of wireless technologies and standards to make business decisions involving these technologies. This article surveys existing and emerging wireless technologies and uses the Open System Interconnect (OSI) framework to organize the wireless landscape. The survey provides a quick reference to the entire spectrum of wireless technologies in use today.
Nonabelian gauged linear sigma model

The gauged linear sigma model (GLSM for short) is a 2d quantum field theory introduced by Witten twenty years ago. Since then, it has been investigated extensively in physics by Hori and others. Recently, an algebro-geometric theory (for both abelian and nonabelian GLSMs) was developed by the author and his collaborators so that he can start to rigorously compute its invariants and check against physical predications. The abelian GLSM was relatively better understood and is the focus of current mathematical investigation. In this article, the author would like to look over the horizon and consider the nonabelian GLSM. The nonabelian case possesses some new features unavailable to the abelian GLSM. To aid the future mathematical development, the author surveys some of the key problems inspired by physics in the nonabelian GLSM.
Printed UHF RFID Reader Antennas for Potential Retail Applications

Automation of retail industry is calling for the low cost solution due to its sheer size and varied needs. Printed electronics offers a great potential in addressing the needs in point-of-sales, inventory management and self-service, in particular the radio frequency identification (RFID) systems consisting of the printed components. Screen printed Ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID reader antennas have been investigated in this work for their application potentials in retails for achieving easy-implementation and low cost. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that the screen printed UHF RFID reader antennas are closely matching the performance of their circularly polarized patch antenna counterparts fabricated using the conventional chemical etching method in most critical specifications. The screen printed antennas have been explored for the monitoring of items on metal shelves targeting potential inventory management and point-of-sales applications. It has been found that all tagged items can be identified using a home developed UHF RFID system consisting of the printed antennas. The findings pave the way for the use of low cost printed antennas in the potential retail automation applications.
A Predictive Model for Newsvendor Behavior and the Implications for Supply Chain Performance

The mismatch between newsvendor theory and experimental observations has garnered significant attention in the literature; several theories have been developed to capture the observed behavior. Yet, there has been limited research on the implications of observed behavior, leaving both a theoretical and practical gap. We aim to close this gap by applying experimental findings to improve practical decisions. For this purpose, we first provide a comparative analysis of alternative behavioral theories using experimental data and show that a model of reference dependence and random errors organizes the data better at the population level than others, even under model selection criterion that penalizes complexity. We then develop a behavioral theory of reference dependence and random errors in newsvendor decision making and assess the impact of behavioral influences on the performance of a supply chain. Ignoring a retailer’s behavioral influences can result in significant profit loss for a supplier. In a wide range of conditions, the supplier benefits and the retailer is hurt by the retailer’s behavioral influences because they may increase the supplier’s pricing power. However, the retailer can benefit from small levels of random errors. Both behavioral influences can result in an improvement in supply chain performance, particularly when the supplier’s margin is fixed and high.
Exploring the link between parental acceptance and young adult adjustment

Two hundred and ninety-two university undergraduates participated in an investigation exploring the developmental antecedents of perceived acceptance. Students completed questionnaires concerning their psychological adjustment and perceptions of the acceptance they received from their parents. Questionnaires were mailed to both of the students' parents asking them to evaluate their children's positive and negative qualities. Regression analyses indicated that parents' views of their children's personal characteristics predicted children's perceptions of acceptance and reports of psychological adjustment. Perceived acceptance mediated the relationship between parents' views of their children and children's reports of psychological adjustment. Implications for a social–cognitive theory of acceptance are discussed.
Phospholipases of the myocardium

The myocardium contains diverse cellular components and heterogeneous phospholipid-containing membranes. The major phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositnol, sphingomyelin, and cardiolipin. The phospholipases capable of hydrolyzing these membrane lipids include phospholipase A, lysophospholipase, and phosphatidylnositol-specific phospholipase C. Early studies revealed that myocardial phospholipase A with an acid pH is localized to lysosomes; those with more alkaline and neutral activities are present in cytosol, microsomes, mitochondria and sarcolemma. Recently, we have identified phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity in bovine myocardium with molecular weights ranging from 40,000 to 271,000. Interestingly, forms I, II and III had pH optima ranging from 4.5 to 5,5; form III also had significant activity at pH 7.0. All activities were stimulated by calcium, suggesting that they are different from calcium-independent phospholipases C found in liver and brain. The pathophysiological significance of these four cytosolic forms of phospholipase C remains to be determined. Thus, under injury-promoting conditions, phospholipase C appears capable of hydrolyzing membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol and the polyphosphoinositides, whereas phospholipases A and lysosphospholiphases appear to prefer non-inositol containing phospholipids. Finally, very recent studies suggest “free radical-triggered lipolysis” by phospholipases as a possible mechnism for production of lysophospholipids in myocardial membranes. Open image in new window Fig.1 Percentage (± SEM) of total free fatty acids detected in biopsy samples from control and ischaemic isolated perfused canine myocardium. After lipid extraction, one dimension TLC and esterification with boron trifluoride-methanol, the fatty acid sample (in hexane) was injected into the gas chromatograph for detection by hydrogen flame ionization. Student’s t-test for paired samples was used.
Meteorological Problems in the Forecasting of Citrus Insect Infestations

As a basis for forecasting infestations, data on insect and mite populations have been collected from 130 representative central Florida citrus groves at monthly intervals during a four year period. To some extent, forecasts can be based on recurring annual cycles, but to obtain a higher degree of precision, information must be obtained on the factors which regulate populations. Weather conditions affect the life span and mortality of insects and mites directly, and also indirectly through effects on the abundance and efficiency of parasites, predators and diseases. December temperatures have been found to be a factor in the abundance of six-spotted mites in succeeding months through June. The populations of this and the citrus red mite are inversely correlated with rainfall. Other temperature and moisture relations have been established but extensive further microclimatological studies are needed.
Numerical evaluation of the efficacy of small-caliber colonoscopes in reducing patient pain during a colonoscopy

Patient pain caused by a colonoscope is one of the main complications in completing a colonoscopy. Currently, randomized controlled trial (RCT) is one of the most used methods to evaluate the effic...
Pancreatic Incidentalomas: A Management Algorithm for Identifying Ectopic Spleens.

Abstract Background Identification of incidental pancreatic lesions is increasing because of advancements in imaging. Diagnosis remains a challenge for clinicians, with intrapancreatic accessory spleens (IPAS) posing a unique dilemma. IPAS are frequently resected because of inability to exclude alternate diagnoses, subjecting patients to unnecessary risk. The purpose of this study was to examine our institutional experience with IPAS and develop a multidisciplinary algorithm to improve preoperative diagnosis. Materials and methods Patients who underwent a distal pancreatectomy at a single institution from 2005 to 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Examination of final pathology for a diagnosis of IPAS yielded the final cohort. Demographics, preoperative workup, and operative course were reviewed and analyzed. A diagnostic algorithm was composed based on the consensus of a panel of expert pancreatic surgeons, a radiologist, and a pathologist. Results Ten patients of 303 patients who underwent a distal pancreatectomy were identified with a final pathology of IPAS. The average age was 54 y, 80% were white, and 60% were male. Lesions ranged in size from 7 mm to 5.1 cm in largest diameter (mean 2.2 cm). Lesions were described as round, well-marginated, and enhancing masses within the pancreatic tail. Preoperative workup was variable in terms of imaging and laboratory testing. Diagnostic workups were examined and combined with multidisciplinary input to create a diagnostic algorithm. Conclusions Incidental pancreatic lesions like IPAS remain a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Employing a diagnostic algorithm as proposed may aid in the distinction of malignant and premalignant pathology and prevent unwarranted pancreatic resections.
Experimental Study of the Attractor of a Driven Rayleigh-Bénard System

We present a study of the geometrical and measure properties of attractors generated by Rayleigh-Benard convection with two oscillators present. One oscillator was induced by the flow while the second was imposed externally. The winding number was tuned to two different irrational numbers. The evolution of the attractors with increasing non-linear coupling between the oscillators was examined. Their dynamical properties were extracted and compared with those of circle maps.
Are USDA reports still news to changing crop markets

Abstract This study investigates whether major USDA reports still provide important news to changing crop markets. The news component of each report, or market “surprise,” is measured as a difference between the USDA estimate and its private expectation in corn, soybeans, and wheat markets. Changes in the relevance of USDA information are assessed by examining changes in the magnitude of market surprises and shifts in the futures price reaction to these surprises, which isolates the impact of each report. The stable size of market surprises over time suggests that competition from alternative data sources has not reduced the news component of USDA crop reports. Increasing price reaction to most reports, including those facing competition from alternative information sources, suggests that value of public information may be enhanced in uncertain markets affected by structural changes.