cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alkane C-H activation and catalysis by an O-donor ligated iridium complex.

The first examples of well-defined, O-donor ligated, late-metal complexes that are competent for alkane C−H activation are reported. These complexes exhibit thermal and protic stability and are efficient catalysts for H/D exchange reactions with alkanes.
Stochastic geometry capability in MCNP5 for the analysis of particle fuel

Abstract A stochastic geometry capability has been implemented into the MCNP5 Monte Carlo code. This capability allows the analysis of TRISO particle fuel, allowing for the random locations of the fuel kernels within the graphite matrix. The method has been compared to a MCNP5 benchmark calculation of randomly placed fuel kernels within a box with reflecting boundaries as well as multiple realizations of lattices where the microspheres are randomly located within the equivalent cubical cells. Comparisons are also made to MCNP5 calculations where the fuel kernels are fixed on a cubical lattice. Our preliminary results for infinite medium configurations indicate that the new stochastic geometry capability in MCNP5 is an accurate and efficient approach to analyze TRISO particle fuel configurations.
Critical thinking, information literacy and quality enhancement plans

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between information literacy and critical thinking. Specifically, the connection between the elements of critical thinking as expressed in one university’s Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) and the advancing learning transforming scholarship (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards (ACRL IL Standards). Concrete examples of how librarians support information literacy and critical thinking were examined. Design/methodology/approach – Following a literature review, the ACRL IL Standards were mapped to the elements of a university’s QEP (critical thinking + core values = decision-making). A wiki was then created to illicit specific examples from librarians regarding how they incorporate the elements of critical thinking in their reference/instruction work. Findings – Considerable correspondence was found between the ACRL IL Standards and the elements of critical thinking in the QEP, but this varied with the specific standard and the specific QEP c...
A portion of the San Andreas Rift in southern California

An area approximately 20 miles long and five miles wide along the San Andreas Rift in Southern California between Palmdale and Elizabeth Lake was mapped and studied. The area includes a portion of the Mohave Desert and two ridge zones which are separated by the trough that follows the Rift. The ridge zones are principally old crystalline rocks, whereas the trough is underlain by a long, narrow strip of sediments. These sediments outcrop in a low “center-trough” ridge, and most of them are part of the Anaverde formation, which, on the basis of paleobotanical evidence, is believed to be transitional between lower and middle Pliocene in age. Evidence indicating how this long strip of sediments came to be in the present relationship to the crystalline rocks on either side is of a conflicting nature. The older rocks of the ridge zones are in irregular bands striking east or slightly north of east. This trend is cut by the Rift, which in this area has a strike of approximately N 65°W.
Chromatographic purification of quaternary ammonium and pyridinium compounds on normal phase silica gel

Abstract A facile, inexpensive procedure is shown for the preparative separation of both quaternary ammonium and pyridinium compounds by flash column and thin layer chromatography using normal phase silica gel. The technique is based on normal phase ion-pair chromatography. The separation of a number of quaternary ammonium and pyridinium compounds is demonstrated. Subsequent removal of the ion-pair reagent from the purified compounds is achieved using flash column chromatography with inexpensive activated carbon (charcoal) serving as the stationary phase.
Characterization of a complex chromosomal rearrangement in a patient with a typical catlike cry and no other clinical findings of cri-du-chat syndrome.

We report on the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular cytogenetic findings in a 4-year-old girl who was evaluated for developmental delay and a catlike cry from birth. No other findings of cri-du-chat syndrome were present. Karyotype analysis demonstrated a de novo deletion and inverted duplication of the 5p region. The abnormality was confirmed and further defined by detailed FISH analysis using cosmid and lambda phage clones previously mapped to distinct regions of 5p. The analyses documented deletion of 5p15.3-->pter and an inverted duplication of 5p14-->5p15.3. The deleted segment on 5p contains the region implicated in the isolated catlike cry feature of the cri-du-chat syndrome, confirming that the genes involved in the catlike cry map to the distal end of 5p. Except for the catlike cry and possibly the developmental delay that may be due to the deletion of 5p, the duplication of 5p14-->5p15.3 in this patient did not present with additional anomalies. This study further demonstrates the usefulness of the molecular cytogenetic approach for characterizing complex chromosome rearrangements. Such analyses of patients with an isolated catlike cry can avoid an incorrect diagnosis of the cri-du-chat syndrome, which is associated with a more severe prognosis.
Comment on ‘A schematic model of crater modification by gravity’ by H. J. Melosh

Size-dependent variations in the morphology of impact craters on planets and satellites pose controversial problems. H. J. Melosh has continued to emphasize theoretical analysis in modeling the morphologic transition from simple to complex craters. His latest results (Melosh, 1982) outline a comprehensive hypothesis wherein deep-seated collapse of the transient cavity as a Bingham plastic material to produce central peaks and, seemingly, slump terraces is brought about by acoustic fluidization. However, Melosh's paper also contains inconsistent or ambiguously reported observations and some statements and interpretations that need to be clarified.
Genomic Regions Governing Soybean Seed Nitrogen Accumulation

Nitrogen accumulation in the form of seed protein takes place in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the reproductive stages of development. The purpose of this study was to relate genotypic differences in seed nitrogen accumulation with genomic regions controlling nitrogen accumulation in soybean during R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. A population of 101 F6∶8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from a cross of N87-984-16×TN93-99 was utilized. The RIL were grown at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Experiment Station, in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2002. Seed nitrogen was determined from pod samples harvested at the R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. A significant (P<0.05) difference among genotypes was found for nitrogen accumulation at all three growth stages. Single-factor ANOVA revealed that quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing nitrogen accumulation in soybean seed were distributed in the linkage groups A2, B2, D1a, D1b, E, G, and M. Phenotypic variation explained by an individual QTL ranged from 5 to 11.6%. These QTL may provide useful marker-assisted selection opportunities for soybean protein improvement.
Untangling data and theory

Spiders in Ecological Webs. By D. H. Wise Cambridge University Press: 1993. Pp. 328. £45, $79.95.
Engaged by the Initiative? How the Use of Citizen Initiatives Increases Voter Turnout

Using data from 1870 to 2008, the authors attempt to resolve competing claims about the nature of how citizen initiatives affect turnout in the American states. They provide evidence that mobilizat...
Connecting the Horizontal Dimension of Social Comparison With Self-Worth and Self-Confidence

Multilevel modeling of undergraduates (N = 229) event-contingent records of naturalistic social comparison experiences revealed distinct correlates of the horizontal (similar-different) dimension and vertical (better-worse) dimension of comparisons. Complementing past studies showing associations between the horizontal dimension and communal dispositions and experiences, the current study showed that the horizontal dimension also is associated with agentic dispositions and experiences such as self-worth and self-confidence. For example, participants perceived more similarity when comparing with targets’ desirable attributes than with targets’ undesirable attributes and perceiving similarities with desirable target attributes (and dissimilarities with undesirable target attributes) enhanced their self-confidence. Participants higher in self-worth (high in self-esteem and low in depression) were more discriminating in their experiences of similarity and connection; specifically, they reported more similarit...
Electron paramagnetic resonance of material properties and processes

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, primarily for the non-specialist and within the context of new and recent achievements, the diagnostic value of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the study of material properties and processes. I have selected three EPR studies which demonstrate the elegance and uniqueness of EPR in atomic defect studies and exemplify unusual achievements through the use of new techniques for material measurement and preparation. A brief introduction into the origin, interaction, and detection of unpaired electrons is included.
“Hurricane Huron”: An Example of an Extreme Lake-Aggregate Effect in Autumn

Abstract An intense cutoff low developed over the Great Lakes during the period 13–15 September 1996. The low developed as unseasonably cool air spread over the relatively warm water of the Great Lakes aggregate (i.e., all the Great Lakes). It eventually developed an eye, spiral rainbands, and a warm core, similar to those in a hurricane. This event presented some forecast challenges for the Nested Grid Model (NGM) and Eta Model and hence for the National Weather Service. The NGM model forecasted a weaker low (999 vs 993 hPa) to be centered east of the observed location, over Lake Huron. The Eta Model forecasted a slightly stronger low (991 vs 993 hPa) to be centered even farther east than did the NGM, over southern Ontario. As a result of the sea level pressure errors, both models also forecasted much weaker winds than were observed over the lakes and much less precipitation around the lakeshores. The coarse resolution in both models likely contributed significantly to these errors. With-lake (WL) and no...
Many-body interactions in rare gases: Krypton and xenon.

The hypothesis that the properties of rare gases are well described by pair interactions together with long-ranged three-body interactions, in particular the Axilrod-Teller triple-dipole interaction, is tested for dense fluid krypton and xenon by Monte Carlo calculations. The agreement with experimental fluid properties found with use of the best available pair potentials with the Axilrod-Teller interaction is excellent. The net contribution of other many-body interactions to the properties of solid and dense fluid argon, krypton, and xenon must be very small.
PREDICTING LOCAL CONCERN ABOUT GROWTH: THE ROOTS OF CITIZEN DISCONTENT

Residents' concerns about local population growth are known to affect whether or not cities adopt more restrictive growth policies. This paper analyzes the factors which contribute to residents' heightened concerns about local growth's consequences. Social characteristics and community factors, referred to here as demographic variables, are typically considered the predictors of local residents' growth concerns. The effects of demographic variables and residents' attitudes are contrasted in a survey conducted recently in Orange County, California. Perceived community quality indicators are better predictors of local concern about growth than are demographic characteristics. The significant resident attitudes include local government ratings, perceived rapid growth, and fiscal conservatism. Homeownership is a marginally significant demographic factor. It thus appears that local concern about growth can emerge among a broad range of individuals having, in common, citizen discontent rather than demographic similarities.
Semiparametric Transformation Models for Survival Data With a Cure Fraction

We propose a class of transformation models for survival data with a cure fraction. The class of transformation models is motivated by biological considerations and includes both the proportional hazards and the proportional odds cure models as two special cases. An efficient recursive algorithm is proposed to calculate the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs). Furthermore, the MLEs for the regression coefficients are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal, and their asymptotic variances attain the semiparametric efficiency bound. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite-sample properties of the proposed estimators. The method is illustrated on data from a clinical trial involving the treatment of melanoma.
Treatment of acute neuropsychiatric lupus with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): a case report and review of the literature

Neuropsychiatric lupus can be difficult to diagnose, and little prospective data exists to help direct management. In this case report we describe the acute onset of symptoms of depression, mania, and psychosis and their complete resolution 48 h following a 5-day treatment course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in a 20-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We review the literature on IVIG for the management of neuropsychiatric lupus. We propose that when more toxic therapies are refused or symptoms do not remit with other treatments, IVIG should be considered in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus.
Minor neurological abnormalities during the first year of life in infants of birth weight <1500g

. One hundred and ten of 117 infants of birth weight less than 1500g managed at the Mater Mothers' Hospital were followed during the first year of life. A severe behavioural disturbance with minor neurological signs was identified in 12 (13%) babies assessed at 1 month of age. At 4 months, 18 (17%) babies exhibited features suggestive of the dystonic syndrome. The 18 dystonic infants sustained more perinatal asphyxia and apnoea and were more likely to be ventilated, compared with the 89 non-dystonic infants examined at 4 months. The dystonic infants had lower General Quotient scores at all ages. By 8 to 12 months of age, features of the dystonic syndrome had resolved in 13 (72%) of these babies. Five of the infants identified as dystonic at 4 months had major neurological and/or intellectual handicap at 1 year of age. Caution must be exercised when counselling the parents of infants with the dystonic syndrome. The role of intervention programmes of physiotherapy in the dystonic infants and the long term outlook of these babies needs further evaluation.
The electronic structure of hexagonal zinc sulfide

Abstract The empirical pseudopotential method is used to calculate the band structure of hexagonal ZnS and to interpret the u.v. reflectivity.
Genetic recombination by protoplast fusion inNocardia asteroides

Fusion and regeneration of protoplasts ofNocardia asteroides strains ATCC 3318, IMRU W3599 and HIK B971 have been used to study genetic recombination in this species. Protoplasts were produced by treatment with lysozyme, following incubation with glycine. Mutants of ATCC 3318 were grown in peptone yeast extract medium at 32°C prior to protoplast production to maximize protoplast frequency, whereas mutants of IMRU W3599 and HIK B971 were grown in trypticase-soy broth. Glycine concentrations favoring protoplast formation varied from 1.5% to 5% depending on strain. For all strains, protoplast formation was complete 1 h after addition of 5 mg/ml lysozyme. Protoplasts were fused by addition of 50% polyethylene glycol-1000. In general, 25% of the protoplasts could be regenerated. The incidence of recombinant recovery was increased up to 750-fold. The distribution of recombinant phenotypes in matings was similar for protoplast fusion and conventional crosses.
int-h: an int mutation of phage λ that enhances site-specific recombination

Abstract The mutation int -h3 maps in the int gene of coliphage λ and results in the synthesis of an integrase with enhanced activity, which is manifested by an ability to support λ site-specific recombination relatively efficiently under conditions where the wild-type integrase functions inefficiently. The level of site-specific recombination seen in the presence of the int + integrase in him A − hosts is greatly reduced, as measured by lysogen formation, intramolecular site-specific integration and excision, and excision of a cryptic λ prophage. In contrast, the int -h3 integrase shows relatively high levels of activities under these conditions. Int -h3 is also more active in other host mutants ( him B and hip ) that reduce λ site-specific recombination. In the absence of the normal att B site, the frequency of lysogen formation (at secondary sites) by λ int + is reduced 200 fold. Although λ int -h3 will integrate preferentially at the att B site if it is present, the mutant phage forms lysogens at a high frequency in att B-deleted hosts. λ int -h3 requires him A function for integration at secondary sites. The fact that the int -h3 integrase uses the same att sites as well as the same host functions as the int + integrase suggests that the mutation results in a quantitative rather than a qualitative change in integrase activity; that is, the int -h3 integrase is more active. The mutant integrase supports site-specific recombination with att sites that carry the att 24 mutation. We propose that the int -h3 integrase is endowed with an enhanced ability to recognize att sequences, including some that are not effectively recognized by wild-type integrase.
Nuclear magnetic moment of Ne 19 with possible applications to other radioactive gas isotopes

We have observed narrow nuclear magnetic resonances in polarized $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ stored for several seconds in a Formvar cell. The nuclear polarization is monitored by observing the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay asymmetry while the atoms are subjected to an rf driving field. Due to the long observation times and motional averaging, narrow resonance widths are observed. Using this technique we find $\ensuremath{\mu}(^{19}\mathrm{Ne})=\ensuremath{-}1.88542(8){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}$. Possible application to other radioactive noble gas isotopes is discussed.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$; measured $\ensuremath{\mu}$. Observed motional averaging. Magnetic field stabilizer.
ICRF heating of TFTR plasmas fuelled by deuterium - tritium neutral beam injection

Experiments to heat D - T plasmas with ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) waves have been conducted for the first time on the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) (Wilson et al 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 842). Experiments were performed with full-bore discharges in the low recycling, neutral-beam-heated supershot (Strachan et al 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 1004) regime with global energy confinement times exceeding twice the empirical L-mode value. Up to 5.9 MW of 43 MHz ICRF power was coupled into plasmas fuelled and heated by 18 - 24 MW of 100 keV D - T neutral beam injection. The fraction of neutral beam power in tritium was varied from 14% to 100% and the toroidal magnetic field was scanned to move the second harmonic tritium layer across the plasma magnetic axis. With the layer on axis, the central ion temperature was increased from approximately 25 to 33 keV when 5.5 MW of ICRF power was added to a plasma fuelled and heated by 13.5 MW of T and 10 MW of D neutral beam injection. Up to 60% of the ICRF power was absorbed via ion heating within the core of a plasma with reactor-relevant parameters. Amplitude-modulated ICRF power was used to measure RF power absorption directly. The results were consistent with models used to predict the performance of ICRF heating scenarios in future machines, such as the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). Despite extensive plasma conditioning, assisted by neutral beam heating and lithium pellet injection, many discharges were characterized by a degradation in performance and reactivity early in the neutral beam pulse. The degradation resulted from enhanced recycling of impurities and deuterium from the carbon tile limiters. The proximity of the outboard limiter exacerbated attempts to limit this enhanced influx.
The Nature of Flow and the Reaction of Benthic Cnidaria to It

Fluid flow is an environmental factor acting upon organisms in its path. All organisms live in a fluid, liquid or gas. A fluid moving relative to a body imposes mechanical forces on that body. These forces, which tend to carry the body downstream, are known as drag forces. Organisms depending on moving fluid to transport them from place to place have various morphological features that maximize drag, whereas organisms that locomote through a fluid tend to have structures that minimize drag. Sessile organisms such as benthic cnidarians risk being dislodged or broken by drag forces, yet they depend on the fluid moving over them to bring them food and essential substances, to carry away their wastes, and to disperse their gametes or young. Various compromises between maximizing and minimizing the effects of flow can be recognized among the benthic cnidarians.
Synthesis of Some Substituted Aminoacetylbenzamides for Pharmacological Study

The preparation of various aminoacetylbenzamides by the condensation of chloroacetylbenzamide with the appropriate secondary amine is described. The catalytic effect of pyridine on this condensation is reported. These compounds have been prepared as potential anticonvulsants.
Stoichiometry of Nck-dependent actin polymerization in living cells

Regulation of actin dynamics through the Nck/N-WASp (neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein)/Arp2/3 pathway is essential for organogenesis, cell invasiveness, and pathogen infection. Although many of the proteins involved in this pathway are known, the detailed mechanism by which it functions remains undetermined. To examine the signaling mechanism, we used a two-pronged strategy involving computational modeling and quantitative experimentation. We developed predictions for Nck-dependent actin polymerization using the Virtual Cell software system. In addition, we used antibody-induced aggregation of membrane-targeted Nck SH3 domains to test these predictions and to determine how the number of molecules in Nck aggregates and the density of aggregates affected localized actin polymerization in living cells. Our results indicate that the density of Nck molecules in aggregates is a critical determinant of actin polymerization. Furthermore, results from both computational simulations and experimentation support a model in which the Nck/N-WASp/Arp2/3 stoichiometry is 4:2:1. These results provide new insight into activities involving localized actin polymerization, including tumor cell invasion, microbial pathogenesis, and T cell activation.
Learning unions of ω(1)-dimensional rectangles

We consider the problem of learning unions of rectangles over the domain [b]^n, in the uniform distribution membership query learning setting, where both b and n are ''large''. We obtain poly(n,logb)-time algorithms for the following classes: *poly(nlogb)-way Majority of O(log(nlogb)loglog(nlogb))-dimensional rectangles. *Union of poly(log(nlogb)) many O(log^2(nlogb)(loglog(nlogb)logloglog(nlogb))^2)-dimensional rectangles. *poly(nlogb)-way Majority of poly(nlogb)-Or of disjoint O(log(nlogb)loglog(nlogb)) dimensional rectangles. Our main algorithmic tool is an extension of Jackson's boosting- and Fourier-based Harmonic Sieve algorithm [J.C. Jackson, An efficient membership-query algorithm for learning DNF with respect to the uniform distribution, Journal of Computer and System Sciences 55 (3) (1997) 414-440] to the domain [b]^n, building on work of Akavia et al. [A. Akavia, S. Goldwasser, S. Safra, Proving hard core predicates using list decoding, in: Proc. of the 44th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS '03, 2003, pp. 146-156]. Other ingredients used to obtain the results stated above are techniques from exact learning [A. Beimel, E. Kushilevitz, Learning boxes in high dimension, Algorithmica 22 (1/2) (1998) 76-90] and ideas from recent work on learning augmented AC^0 circuits [J.C. Jackson, A.R. Klivans, R.A. Servedio, Learnability beyond AC^0, in: Proc. of the 34th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC '02, 2002, pp. 776-784] and on representing Boolean functions as thresholds of parities [A.R. Klivans, R.A. Servedio, Learning DNF in time 2^O^@?^(^n^^^1^^^/^^^3^), Journal of Computer and System Sciences 68 (2) (2004) 303-318].
Telomere maintenance and human bone marrow failure

Acquired and congenital aplastic anemias recently have been linked molecularly and pathophysiologically by abnormal telomere maintenance. Telomeres are repeated nucleotide sequences that cap the ends of chromosomes and protect them from damage. Telomeres are eroded with cell division, but in hematopoietic stem cells, maintenance of their length is mediated by telomerase. Accelerated telomere shortening is virtually universal in dyskeratosis congenita, caused by mutations in genes encoding components of telomerase or telomere-binding protein (TERT, TERC, DKC1, NOP10, or TINF2). About one-third of patients with acquired aplastic anemia also have short telomeres, which in some cases associate with TERT or TERC mutations. These mutations cause low telomerase activity, accelerated telomere shortening, and diminished proliferative capacity of hematopoietic progenitors. As in other genetic diseases, additional environmental, genetic, and epigenetic modifiers must contribute to telomere erosion and ultimately to disease phenotype. Short telomeres also may cause genomic instability and malignant progression in these marrow failure syndromes. Identification of short telomeres has potential clinical implications: it may be useful in dyskeratosis congenita diagnosis, in suggesting mutations in patients with acquired aplastic anemia, and for selection of suitable hematopoietic stem cell family donors for transplantation in telomerase-deficient patients.
Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: comparison of nasal and oral quiet breathing.

The fraction of an inspired chlorine (Cl2) bolus absorbed during a single breath (Λ) was measured as a function of bolus penetration (VP) into the respiratory system of five male and five female no...
Radiographic Measurements of the Normal Adult Foot

Various radiographic measurements of the normal adult foot have been reported in both early and recent literature; however, a complete description of radiographic quantitative data has yet to be reported. The purpose of this study is to describe the range of the normal foot using standard radiographic techniques that can be applied to the clinical setting. This should provide the data necessary for the accurate interpretation of foot radiographs. This study demonstrates the wide variation in bony relationships of the normal adult foot. When certain recognized criteria of radiographic measurements were evaluated, some were found to be defined as too narrow or inaccurate. Most importantly, because of this wide range, surgical procedures to produce radiographic homogeneity are not indicated. Treatment should be directed specifically toward areas of pain and not radiographic appearance.
Endoscopically guided spectral-domain OCT with double-balloon catheters.

Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and balloon-based catheters have furthered the potential of OCT as a real-time surveillance tool for Barrett’s esophagus (BE). However, a balloon catheter, which expands the esophagus and centers the catheter, applies direct pressure on the esophagus. This may affect the tissue appearance and the ability to detect dysplasia in BE. To study this effect, we propose a double-balloon catheter to allow imaging with and without balloon-tissue contact. A system design based on a spectral-domain OCT platform is reported and validated by acquisition of high quality, volumetric images of swine esophagus in vivo.
Multiband 0.25- $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS Base Station Chips for Indirect and Direct Conversion Receivers

This paper describes a multiband CMOS chip-set for indirect and direct conversion base station receivers. The chip set consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), and a down-converter which includes a passive resistive mixer and a local-oscillator balun. The 0.25-mum CMOS receiver chip set, biased at 3 V, meets normal DCS1800, PCS1900, and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) base station specifications in heterodyne and homodyne architectures. In a heterodyne architecture, an third-order input intercept point (IIP3) higher than -5 was achieved with a noise figure (NF) lower than 4.5 dB for the complete receiver chain in the DCS1800, PCS1900, and UMTS bands. In a homodyne architecture, IIP3 and second-order input intercept point (IIP2) values better than 0 and 40 dBm, respectively, were achieved for the complete receiver chain in all three bands, with an NF of less than 6 dB. A dedicated DCS1800 heterodyne receiver based on this chip-set was developed, meeting and exceeding the specifications, with a NF of 5.8 dB and IIP3 of 0.4 dBm. This is believed to be the first CMOS receiver chip set that meets second and third-generation base station specifications in indirect and direct conversion architectures.
Internal States and Behavioral Decision-Making: Toward an Integration of Emotion and Cognition

Social interactions, such as an aggressive encounter between two conspecific males or a mating encounter between a male and a female, typically progress from an initial appetitive or motivational phase, to a final consummatory phase. This progression involves both changes in the intensity of the animals' internal state of arousal or motivation and sequential changes in their behavior. How are these internal states, and their escalating intensity, encoded in the brain? Does this escalation drive the progression from the appetitive/motivational to the consummatory phase of a social interaction and, if so, how are appropriate behaviors chosen during this progression? Recent work on social behaviors in flies and mice suggests possible ways in which changes in internal state intensity during a social encounter may be encoded and coupled to appropriate behavioral decisions at appropriate phases of the interaction. These studies may have relevance to understanding how emotion states influence cognitive behavioral decisions at higher levels of brain function.
A state-space approach to parameterization of stabilizing controllers for nonlinear systems

A state-space approach to the Youla parameterization of stabilizing controllers for linear and nonlinear systems is suggested. The stabilizing controllers (or a class of stabilizing controllers for nonlinear systems) are characterized as fractional transformations of stable parameters. The main idea behind this approach is to decompose the output feedback stabilization problem into state feedback and state estimation problems. The parameterized output feedback controllers have separation structures. This machinery allows the parameterization of stabilizing controllers to be conducted directly in state space without using coprime factorization. >
Evolving models of comprehensive geriatric assessment.

An article in this issue of JAMDA describes an exciting randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a new model of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) developed and tested in Sweden.1 In the program, community-living persons aged 75 and older who had been hospitalized at least 3 times in the preceding year were randomized to receive CGA and follow-up in the ambulatory geriatric care unit or to receive usual outpatient care. Those receiving the outpatient CGA and follow-up had significantly fewer hospital days in the 24-month period after randomization and had a trend toward fewer nursing home days as well. Mortality was lower for the group receiving CGA (borderline significance in the intent-to-treat analysis, but significant when excluding the 11 participants who never went beyond the baseline assessment: a preplanned subgroup analysis). Although health-related quality of life was not significantly affected by the program, patients’ sense of security in care2 was significantly improved. Overall cost of care was not significantly affected; the extra cost of the program was offset by the savings from reduced hospital and nursing home days. These findings join the many dozens of positive RCTs of CGA and follow-up programs that have been tested in many different locales using many different models. The tested models of CGA programs differ from each other in several ways: program location (eg, acute hospital, subacute hospital, outpatient setting, home visitation, nursing home), patient selection or targeting criteria (eg, all persons older than a certain age, high utilizers, post hospitalization, long-term care referrals, specific diagnoses or disabilities), program intensity levels (single versus multiple visit; hands-on clinical control versus consultation only), and length of follow-up (from only a few months to up to 3 years). Although not all trials have produced significant positive results, most have. Moreover, the overall effectiveness of CGA and follow-up programs has been confirmed in many analytic reviews and in several metaanalyses.3e11 From these reviews and analyses we also have learned what program characteristics are associated with the most positive effects. In general, inpatient programs, those targeting persons at higher risk, those providing a higher-intensity intervention, and those with longer follow-up periods have tended to show more dramatic effect sizes.
Techniques to Prioritize Paths for Diagnosis

Existing techniques for path delay fault (PDF) diagnosis prune fault-free candidates using nonfailing patterns but fail to reduce the size of suspect set significantly. This paper presents two alternative techniques that can be applied in a postprocessing manner to further reduce the suspect set by prioritizing paths using only the failing patterns. Experimental results on the ISCAS benchmarks demonstrate that they are time and memory efficient.
Design of high efficient and high density integrated magnetics for interleaved DC-DC boost converter for series hybrid electric bus

This paper presents the analysis and design of integrated magnetics (IM) for a 3-phase interleaved boost DC-DC converter for series hybrid electric bus. The converter is designed to meet both 30 kW average and 120 kW peak power demand of bus. The input and inductor current ripple of IM are calculated theoretically and compared with experimental waveforms. In order to minimize the core and winding loss of IM, the core height is minimized. Experimental results are presented to prove and to show the performance of IM.
Use of surrogate antimicrobial agents to predict susceptibility to ertapenem

Broth or agar dilution susceptibility test results for Enterobacteriaceae (11,775 strains), anaerobes (2888 strains), staphylococci (2206 strains), Haemophilus spp. (840 strains), group A streptococci (280 strains), group B streptococci (269 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (709 strains), and 160 other streptococci were analyzed to identify surrogate antimicrobial agents to predict susceptibility to ertapenem. Ertapenem MIC interpretive categories approved by the United States FDA were compared to those of imipenem, oxacillin (staphylococci), or penicillin (streptococci). Ertapenem resistance was rare (1.2%) among 8187 consecutively collected clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, including a large proportion of isolates from intensive care units. Absolute categorical agreement between ertapenem and imipenem, and very major (false susceptible) and major errors (false resistant) using imipenem to predict ertapenem results were 97.2%, 0.9%, and 0.4%, respectively, for Enterobacteriaceae (10,992 strains tested against both drugs) and 99.0%, 0.2%, and 0% for anaerobes. All Haemophilus spp., groups A and B streptococci, penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate S. pneumoniae, and other penicillin-susceptible streptococci were susceptible to ertapenem. All oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were ertapenem susceptible, except 1 that was intermediate. Surrogate antimicrobial agents that can be used to reliably predict ertapenem susceptibility by MIC tests are imipenem for Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes, oxacillin for staphylococci, and penicillin for streptococci.
Xenobiotic pulmonary exposure and systemic cardiovascular response via neurological links

The cardiovascular response to xenobiotic particle exposure has been increasingly studied over the last two decades, producing an extraordinary scope and depth of research findings. With the flouri...
Diarrheal Diseases and Child Morbidity and Mortality

Diarrheal diseases remain one of the most important public health problems in the world. These diseases, commonly defined by an increase in the frequency and fluidity of bowel movements relative to the usual pattern of each individual, have been found to be major contributors to illness and death, particularly in children in developing countries. Recent estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that children of developing countries have three-quarters of a billion episodes of diarrhea each year, causing nearly 5 million deaths (Snyder and Merson, 1982). For the children of developing countries it is obvious that exposure and response to diseases are conditioned by their social, economic, and environmental milieu. In Addis Adaba, for instance, the prevalence of diarrhea was found to vary according to housing conditions and parental education (Freij and Wall, 1979). In Bangladesh several specific types of diarrhea had higher incidences and longer durations in children from low-income households (Becker, Black, and Brown, unpublished research). These differentials in rates of disease by socioeconomic variables may be due to differences in child care practices, such as preparation of weaning foods, boiling of drinking water, or personal hygiene (Black et al., 1983). On the other hand, they may be due to low-income children's poorer nutritional status, a factor known to be associated with more prolonged diarrhea (Black et al., 1984a). Since the diarrheal diseases are comprised of many specific types of illnesses caused by diverse bacterial, viral, and parasitic enteropathogens with differing modes of transmission, the relationship between the diarrheal diseases and socioeconomic and environmental variables can be determined only if the epidemiology of the diarrheal diseases themselves is better understood. Until the last several years, studies of children in developing countries had been able to detect a potential causal agent in fewer than 20 percent of
Sociological Analysis through Field Course Procedure

In addition to this kind of analysis, a number of correlations may of course be made between the data of Table II and the items of general information obtained on the schedule. Since there is nothing novel about that procedure, we shall go no farther with it here than to offer Table III as an illustration of what we mean. Some purely factual exhibits like that of Table IV are also of interest as a supplement to such inquiries, of course, but will be foregone here as irrelevant to our purpose. Incidentally, such a technique as we have sketched above lends itself to much more elaborate statistical treatment than any employed here, when it seems necessary.
SYSTEMATICS OF MORCHELLA ESCULENTA COMPLEX USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the immunological relationships among strains in the Morchella esculenta complex. Two strains of M. semilibera were chosen as outgroups for comparison. Mycelial extracts were used as antigens to induce antisera production in rabbits. The range of titers from ELISA were 1:128 to 1:2048. Serologic data from ELISA were analyzed based on the Titer and the Best-fit Line methods. Cross-reactivity at a specific titer did not differentiate the species. Dendrograms, however, based on the Best-fit Line method had all strains ofthe M. esculenta complex cluster together and sort out separately from the M. semilibera strains. The Prager and Wilson F values for the Titer method trees (UPGMA = 10.74, Fitch-Margoliash = 17.89) were higher than those for the Best-fit Line method trees (UPGMA = 5.93, Fitch-Margoliash = 11.81) within each analysis indicating the trees from the Best-fit Line method were more parsimonious. No significant differences were found between UPGMA and the Fitch and Margoliash method in terms of tree topology. Phylogenetic trees have not been commonly used with ELISA data. Combining the highly specific and sensitive ELISA with numerical taxonomic and phylogenetic techniques can provide additional sys? tematic insights. The results of this study indicate that the gray, tan and large tan forms in the M. esculenta complex are immunologically indistinguishable and likely conspecific.
Diagnostic Testing Program in Purdue University: 1. Formal Algebraic Manipulations

(1940). Diagnostic Testing Program in Purdue University. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 47, No. 8, pp. 544-548.
Reproducibility and observer variability of tissue phase mapping for the quantification of regional myocardial velocities

To systematically investigate the reproducibility of global and segmental left ventricular (LV) velocities derived from tissue phase mapping (TPM). Breath held and ECG synchronized TPM data (spatial/temporal resolution = 2 × 2 mm(2)/20.8 ms) were acquired in 18 healthy volunteers. To analyze scan-rescan variability, TPM was repeated in all subjects during a second visit separated by 16 ± 5 days. Data analysis included LV segmentation, and quantification of global and regional (AHA 16-segment modal) metrics of LV function [velocity-time curves, systolic and diastolic peak and time-to-peak (TTP) velocities] for radial (Vr), long-axis (Vz) and circumferential (VΦ) LV velocities. Mean velocity time curves in basal, mid-ventricular, and apical locations showed highly similar LV motion patterns for all three velocity components (Vr, VΦ, Vz) for scan and rescan. No significant differences for both systolic and diastolic peak and TTP myocardial velocities were observed. Segmental analysis revealed similar regional peak Vr and Vz during both systole and diastole except for three LV segments (p = 0.045, p = 0.033, and p = 0.009). Excellent (p < 0.001) correlations between scans and rescan for peak Vr (R(2) = 0.92), peak Vz (R(2) = 0.90), radial TTP (R(2) = 0.91) and long-axis TTP (R(2) = 0.88) confirmed good agreement. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated excellent intra-observer and good inter-observer analysis agreement but increased variability for long axis peak velocities. TPM based analysis of global and regional myocardial velocities can be performed with good reproducibility. Robustness of regional quantification of long-axis velocities was limited but spatial velocity distributions across the LV could reliably be replicated.
Report of rural drinking water situation in Qinhuangdao Economic and Technological Development Zone

Objective: To understand the present situation of drinking water quality at rural area in Qinhuangdao Economic and Technological Development Zone(QETDZ), and provide scientific basis for improvement of rural drinking water.Methods: The types of water sources,way of water supply,water pollution and water quality monitoring situation were investigated in all the towns and villages,and the water hygienic quality was evaluated according to "Hygienic standard for drinking water"(GB5749-2006).Results: The qualified rates were 42.32% and 21.45% in dry season and wet season respectively,30.56% and 32.04% for surface water and underground water,39% and 19.27% for deep well water and shallow water(both were from underground water source),35% and 31.23% for centralized water supply and distributed water supply.Conclusion: More job should be done to improve drinking water supply at rural area in QETDZ,sterilizing process is essential and should be applied,more publicity work should be carried out by government authority to ensure the hygiene and safety of rural drinking water.
59 THROMBOPHILIA AND HYPOFIBRINOLYSIS: REVERSIBLE RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEONECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD IN ADULTS

Intraosseous venous thrombosis appears to be a major pathoetiology for nontraumatic osteonecrosis (ON). We assessed thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis as risk factors for femoral head ON in 190 cases with ON, 75 primary (93% white, 31% female), and 115 (95% white, 53% female) secondary to high dose, long-term corticosteroids. Polymerase chain reaction methods were used to characterize thrombophilic (V Leiden, prothrombin, MTHFR, platelet glycoprotein A1/A2) and hypofibrinolytic (PAI-1 4G4G) gene mutations in cases and 274 healthy normal controls (87% white, 46% female). Primary ON cases differed from controls for 4G4G homozygosity (35% vs 22%, p = .03), for 4G allele frequency (57% vs 44%, p = .01), for MTHFR homozygosity (23% vs 12%, p = .035), and for the C677T/A1298C MTHFR allele (43% vs 31%, p = .007). Secondary ON cases differed from controls for the V Leiden mutation (8.6% vs 2.6%, p = .018), and for 4G allele frequency (55% vs 44%, p = .014). Serologic methods were used to characterize thrombophilia (proteins C, free S, antithrombin III, homocysteine, ACLA IgG and IgM, Factor VIII, Factor XI) and hypofibrinolysis (plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, Lp[a]) in primary ON (median age 48) and secondary ON (median age 45) cases vs 76 adult controls (92% white, 53% female, median age 41). Primary ON cases differed from controls for low ( 150%) Factor VIII (24% vs 6%, p = .017). Secondary ON cases differed from controls for high Factor VIII (24% vs 6%, p = .003). Heritable thrombophilia (MTHFR homozygosity, low free protein S, high Factor VIII) and hypofibrinolysis (PAI-1 gene 4G4G) are associated with primary ON. Heritable thrombophilia (V Leiden, high Factor VIII) and hypofibrinolysis (4G allele) are associated with secondary ON. Thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic risk factors for venous thrombosis are associated with nontraumatic ON of the femoral head. When primary ON is associated with thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis, enoxaparin (60 mg/day, 90 days) given at Ficat stages I-II, before segmental collapse of the head of the femur, may prevent progression of primary hip ON, preserving the head of the femur, thus reducing the need for total hip replacement.
Leveraging social media data in agent-based simulations

One of the limitations of agent-based simulations when modeling human behavior is the lack of appropriate input data to move simulations from theoretical to practical. The appropriateness ranges from data relevant to individuals (granularity) to identifying percentages of a population that abide by certain characteristics or behavior. In some instances characteristics about these data may be assumed or placed under "ranges" based on a probability distribution within a simulation. This paper briefs on current research efforts pertaining to the use of social media data to provide empirical grounding of agent-based simulations. Three examples of how data from social media can be used in agent-based modeling are presented: 1) using large data set processing and sentiment analysis to identify preferences of a population (initialization of an agent population), 2) using agents with machine learning capabilities to learn mobility patterns from individuals in a population (initialization of individual agents in a population), and 3) identifying preferences and communication patterns based on graph analysis (agent relation). Current research indicates that these techniques show promise for creating smart agents to complement those based on complex rule-based behavior, especially using a simulation's what-if capabilities.