cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interjudge reliability of cautela and upper's behavioral coding system

Abstract This study was designed to assess the interjudge reliability of the Behavioral Coding System (BCS), which has been proposed as an alternative to traditional psychiatric classification systems. Four raters independently examined packets of written case materials for 20 male psychiatric inpatients and then completed a checklist of the 365 specific BCS categories. The percentage of agreement for the 21 general categories for the six possible pairings of raters ranged from 78.7% to 88.4%, with an overall agreement rate of 85.4%. The overall rate of agreement for all 365 specific BCS categories was 66.2%. Interjudge reliability rates were found to be higher for the BCS than those reported in studies of psychiatric classifications. Suggestions for possible improvements and for further studies designed to evaluate the clinical utility of the BCS are discussed.
Ammonium–Potassium–Calcium Exchange on Vermiculite and Hydroxy‐aluminum Vermiculite

Binary and ternary cation-exchange reactions involving NH + 4 , K + , and Ca 2+ on vermiculite and hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite (HIV) were investigated. In the case of vermiculite, NH 4 -Ca exchange was nearly indistinguishable from the nonpreference isotherm while HIV exhibited preference for NH + 4 . The presence of K + had significant suppressing impact on the apparent NH + 4 selectivity in NH 4 -Ca exchange in HIV most likely because of retardation of Ca 2+ diffusion in the interlayer. For vermiculite, the presence of K + in the NH 4 -Ca system induced apparent high affinity sites for NH + 4 most likely because of interlayer collapse. The overall study demonstrated that cation-exchange selectivity coefficients in vermiculite and HIV are dependent on number and type of cations present.
Substance User Treatment Dropout from Client and Clinician Perspectives: A Pilot Study

Reasons for premature termination of outpatient substance user treatment were evaluated from client and clinician perspectives using qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey) methods in a pilot study (N = 44). The sample consisted of clients (n = 22), the majority of whom were male (73%) and African American (50%) or Caucasian (41%). The sample of clinicians (n = 22) were predominantly female (64%), and Caucasian (52%) or African American (24%). The most frequently endorsed reasons for leaving treatment were related to individual rather than program characteristics with heavy drug or alcohol use, transportation or financial problems, and ambivalence about abstinence being highly rated by both clinicians and clients. Survey results indicated that clinicians more frequently attributed treatment dropout to individual- or client-level factors than did clients. Focus group ratings indicated that clinicians felt client motivation and staff connection issues were primary reasons for dropout, whereas clients indicated social support and staff connection issues. The findings suggest that the development of early therapeutic alliance and active problem solving of potential barriers to treatment attendance may influence treatment retention.
Conformational Analysis of Cobalt(III), Copper(II), and Nickel(II) Six-Membered-Ring Systems

Cluster and molecular mechanics analyses of all the cobalt(III), copper(II), and nickel(II) six-membered-ring systems in the Cambridge Structural Database revealed that the conformations of the rings follow the distribution expected on the basis of their conformational energies. Chair conformations are the most common, while boats occur infrequently, especially in copper(II) complexes.
The Kilgour Collection of Russian Literature at Harvard College Library

As an undergraduate at Harvard University, Bayard L. Kilgour (’27) developed a life-long interest in Russia. Kilgour made numerous trips to Soviet Russia where he placed special emphasis on acquiring books, paintings, and other decorative artwork. His passion for Russia is witnessed through his philanthropic endeavors both to the Harvard University Libraries and to the Cincinnati Art Museum. In addition to donations of books and other artifacts, Mr. Kilgour provided endowments for the continued acquisition of Slavic materials to ensure that the collections he established continue to develop and grow.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in a standing horse for the management of renal cell carcinoma

Summary An 18-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was examined for haematuria of 6 weeks' duration. Rectal examination identified an enlarged left kidney and ultrasonographic examination of the kidney identified grossly abnormal renal architecture. Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed following laparoscopic exploration of the abdomen for metastatic disease. A laparoscopic stapling device was successfully used to transect and ligate the renal vasculature and ureter. Histopathological examination of the kidney identified renal cell carcinoma. A 7 month survival was documented following surgery. Unilateral nephrectomy should be considered a therapeutic or palliative procedure for horses with renal cell carcinoma.
Acute brainstem displacement without uncal herniation and posterior cerebral artery injury.

Posterior cerebral artery infarcts associated with brainstem shift have been traditionally associated with uncal herniation. We describe the first case of a peduncular infarct due to lateral brainstem displacement. A 64-year-old man with a putaminal haemorrhage into the left putamen presented with eye opening to pain, localisation to pain, pupil anisocoria but intact pupil and corneal reflexes, gaze preference to the left and right hemiplegia. CT scan showed significant mass effect and early oedema. He became more drowsy and could not protect the airway which led to endotracheal intubation. MRI 2 days after admission showed lateral brainstem displacement but no uncal herniation. Surgical evacuation was considered but fluctuating level of consciousness (at times eye opening to strong voice) together with uncertainty of improved outcome after surgical evacuation prompted medical management only. Follow-up MRI 5 days later showed similar lateral brainstem displacement but a new infarct in the ipsilateral peduncle had appeared (fig 1). No uncal herniation was again noted. MR angiography (MRA) was normal. The patient improved gradually over 5–7 days. Lack of speech and flaccid hemiplegia made rehabilitation difficult and he was transferred to a nursing home. Figure 1 MRI 5 days post ictus. (A) Spin echo sequences showing a massive left putaminal haemorrhage with lateral displacement and no vertical displacement (red nuclei in the same plane) (B) Corresponding fluid attenuation inverse recovery image shows no evidence ...
Estimation of Protein Secondary Structure from Circular Dichroism Spectra: Comparison of CONTIN, SELCON, and CDSSTR Methods with an Expanded Reference Set

We have expanded the reference set of proteins used in SELCON3 by including 11 additional proteins (selected from the reference sets of Yang and co-workers and Keiderling and co-workers). Depending on the wavelength range and whether or not denatured proteins are included in the reference set, five reference sets were constructed with the number of reference proteins varying from 29 to 48. The performance of three popular methods for estimating protein secondary structure fractions from CD spectra (implemented in software packages CONTIN, SELCON3, and CDSSTR) and a variant of CONTIN, CONTIN/LL, that incorporates the variable selection method in the locally linearized model in CONTIN, were examined using the five reference sets described here, and a 22-protein reference set. Secondary structure assignments from DSSP were used in the analysis. The performances of all three methods were comparable, in spite of the differences in the algorithms used in the three software packages. While CDSSTR performed the best with a smaller reference set and larger wavelength range, and CONTIN/LL performed the best with a larger reference set and smaller wavelength range, the performances for individual secondary structures were mixed. Analyzing protein CD spectra using all three methods should improve the reliability of predicted secondary structural fractions. The three programs are provided in CDPro software package and have been modified for easier use with the different reference sets described in this paper. CDPro software is available at the website: http://lamar.colostate.edu/ approximately sreeram/CDPro.
Analysis of brick veneer walls on wood frame construction subjected to out-of-plane loads

Abstract Modern residential brick masonry veneer construction has been investigated by separate laboratory testing of corrugated sheet metal tie connections and full-scale solid brick veneer wall panels. Based on these experiments, detailed three-dimensional finite element (FE) models were developed, representing the full-scale brick veneer wall panel specimens, including nonlinear inelastic properties for the tie connections. Upon calibration, the FE wall panel models effectively captured the static and dynamic experimental brick veneer wall behaviors at different response levels (up to and including tie damage and even collapse). Some parametric studies were then carried out using the FE wall panel models to evaluate the effects of certain combinations of tie connections and layouts on the out-of-plane performance of brick veneer walls, subjected to static and dynamic loading.
An Aspect of Aesthetics in Human-Computer Communications: Pretty Windows

Aesthetics in user interfaces addresses font definitions, typesetting conventions, color combinations, graphics design considerations, high resolution for viewscreens, and the shapes of windows. Computer viewscreens are evolving into pictorial media, communicating information with visual immediacy. The more interesting interfaces make use of multiple windows, menus, icons, and other visual effects to waken and sustain user interest and effectiveness. A pretty window is a viewscreen window with the dimensions of a golden rectangle, a rectangle whose width and height form the golden ratio of Euclid. Psychologists believe golden rectangles are aesthetically more pleasing than arbitrary rectangles, and subjects tend to select them in preference to other rectangles in tests.
Intergeneric gene transfer of six isozyme loci in rainbow trout by sperm chromosome fragmentation and gynogenesis

Transgenic rainbow trout were produced by fertilizing albino rainbow trout eggs with gamma-irradiated brook trout (ST) or rainbow trout (RT) sperm and then heat shocking the eggs at 29°C for 10 minutes to induce second polar body retention. Electrophoretic analyses of the RT × ST crosses confirmed the expression of paternal (brook trout specific) alleles at Ldh-4, Mdh-3,4, Mdh-2, Aat-1,2, Gpi-3, and 6-Pgd; the transfer frequency of these loci varied from 2 to 17%. These loci range from 8 to 48 cM from the centromere; proximity of introduced genes to a centromere does not appear to be a factor in retention and expression of foreign genes. Cytogenetic analyses of these same crosses revealed variable numbers and types of chromosome fragments and rings within individuals. Survival and pigment transfer in the resultant gynogenetic offspring varied considerably due to the individual female used in a particular cross. This female effect may have obscured effects due to dose of irradiation and species of male.
Automated analysis of the left-ventricular diameter time curve from echocardiographic recordings.

Abstract In order to analyze the left-ventricular diameter time curve, a computer method has been developed. It includes a cursor hand-controlled digitization and optimization of calibration which is valid for a majority of digitization devices. The advantages of well-spaced multiple point calibration are improvement of accuracy, correction of record distortion, and elimination of human error. The left-ventricular endocardial echoes were digitized at a sampling rate of 1 kHz by moving a hand-controlled cursor across a photographic record. Adequate smoothing and derivation of the data leads to recognition of a typical diameter time curve. An automated analysis of this curve can then be performed for several successive beats. In systole, the maximal velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and the percentage of systolic shortening can be defined. During diastole, three phases can clearly be separated: rapid filling, slow filling, and atrial “kick.” The contributions of each of these phases can therefore be quantified from the pattern analysis of the left-ventricular diameter time curve.
Compelled Disclosure of Health Information: Protecting Against the Greatest Potential Threat to Privacy

In 2004, President Bush called for widespread adoption of interconnected electronic health records (EHRs) within 10 years. The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has been charged with leading these efforts, including developing the Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). Although the specifics of the NHIN and its component organizations are still being developed, it is envisioned as a public-private partnership of health information organizations using common electronic formats, thereby enabling ease of access to EHRs through any secure portal. The NHIN will link health records maintained in hospitals, physicians’ offices, clinics, and other locations.
Operation Moon Blink and report of observations of lunar transient phenomena.

Abstract A network of optical Moon Blink devices has demonstrated its ability to detect red or blue temporary lunar color phenomena. NASA has organized a supplementary network of observers to confirm the Moon Blink observations and to report all types of transient lunar phenomena to a data collection center at Goddard Space Flight Center. Observations covering 11 2 years of the program are analyzed and discussed in connection with various theories for the cause of these phenomena.
A review of non-renewable energy options in Illinois

This is a copy of an article published in the International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology © 2013 Inderscience. The final publication is available at http://www.inderscience.com/ doi: 10.1504/IJOGCT.2013.052246
Interstate Differences in State and Local Revenues

The focus of this study is the examination of the interstate differences in per capita state and local revenues. On one side free competition among states is supposed to keep the interstate differences in per capita state and local revenues at a minimum level. On the other side, the interstate differences in variables like income and taste of consumers, natural conditions (like climate), state's size (scale effect), and others may explain the existing interstate differences in per capita state and local revenues. The empirical results indicate that we successfully explained over 90 percent of the variance in per capita state and local revenues. Additional empirical results reveal that the federal government distributes money among states in a discriminate fashion based on region and size.
Incompatibility with Formin Cdc12p Prevents Human Profilin from Substituting for Fission Yeast Profilin : INSIGHTS FROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF FISSION YEAST PROFILIN

Expression of human profilin-I does not complement the temperature-sensitive cdc3-124 mutation of the single profilin gene in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, resulting in death from cytokinesis defects. Human profilin-I and S. pombe profilin have similar affinities for actin monomers, the FH1 domain of fission yeast formin Cdc12p and poly-L-proline (Lu, J., and Pollard, T. D. (2001) Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 1161-1175), but human profilin-I does not stimulate actin filament elongation by formin Cdc12p like S. pombe profilin. Two crystal structures of S. pombe profilin and homology models of S. pombe profilin bound to actin show how the two profilins bind to identical surfaces on animal and yeast actins even though 75% of the residues on the profilin side of the interaction differ in the two profilins. Overexpression of human profilin-I in fission yeast expressing native profilin also causes cytokinesis defects incompatible with viability. Human profilin-I with the R88E mutation has no detectable affinity for actin and does not have this dominant overexpression phenotype. The Y6D mutation reduces the affinity of human profilin-I for poly-l-proline by 1000-fold, but overexpression of Y6D profilin in fission yeast is lethal. The most likely hypotheses to explain the incompatibility of human profilin-I with Cdc12p are differences in interactions with the proline-rich sequences in the FH1 domain of Cdc12p and wider "wings" that interact with actin.
Superconducting electronics testing

Abstract An I/O assembly has been designed and constructed to support the operation of superconducting circuitry. The system, previously described 9 for chip testing, has been adapted for use with a Josephson technology system level experiment. The cryoinsert assembly, constructed of non-magnetic parts, provides 80 high frequency I/O lines between room temperature and 4.2 K.
Linguistic Standardization and National Development

Abstract Il a ete souvent avance, en socio-linguistique, que le multilinguisme peut constituer un obstacle au progres economique et social d'une nation. La presente etude appotte un soutien empirique a cette relation supposee entre standardisation linguistique et developpement national. Par une methode factorielle, on a degage, dans un ensemble de pays holes du Peace Corps americain, des indices linguistiques et un indice de developpement economique et social. Les resultats des correlations ne permettent pas d'etablir une veritable relation causale entre les deux variables mais suggerent neanmoins qu'une communaute de langue faciliterait les types de comportements humains requis pour ameliorer les conditions economiques et sociales des pays en voie d'expansion.
Activation of Calcium Release from RyR Clusters Depends on their Distance from the Sarcolemma

Summation of microscopic release events from RyRs underlies the upstroke of the calcium transient in mammalian ventricular cells. These release events are initiated when RyRs are gated by transmembrane calcium influx. In rabbit cardiac myocytes the majority of RyR clusters are closely associated with the sarcolemma where they form couplons. However, significant numbers of RyR clusters are non-junctional and do not form couplons. It is unclear if or by what mechanism non-junctional RyRs are activated. We analyzed the activation of both types of RyRs. We studied calcium transients in rabbit isolated ventricular cells that exhibit a sparse t-system with Fluo-4 and high-speed two-dimensional confocal microscopy. We constructed distance maps indicating that some intracellular regions are up to 3.5 μm away from the sarcolemma. Image sequences showed that transients were spatially and temporally inhomogeneous. Transients originated in regions where we detected sarcolemma and spread with a significant delay to areas lacking t-system where non-junctional RyRs are present. We found an increasing relationship between sarcolemmal distances and local activation times with activation times of 13.0±6.6 ms at sarcolemmal sites, and 20.5±5.1 ms at distances 3-3.5 μm. The relationship between sarcolemmal distances and maximal upstroke of the transient was more complex. Maximal upstroke at sarcolemmal sites was 13.2±4.1 %/ms versus 8.8±1.6 ms at 3-3.5 μm. To interpret these results we used a one-dimensional model of calcium diffusion, which explains the spread of upstroke that we see experimentally. We conclude that non-junctional RyRs within 1.5 μm of the sarcolemma are activated. Beyond 1.5 μm the rise in calcium could result from either diffusion or slow activation. In both cases, activation of non-junctional RyRs would occur by a mechanism different than local control, i.e. a modified common pool model.
New collector efficiency equation for colloid filtration in both natural and engineered flow conditions

[1] A new equation for the collector efficiency (η) of the colloid filtration theory (CFT) is developed via nonlinear regression on the numerical data generated by a large number of Lagrangian simulations conducted in Happel's sphere-in-cell porous media model over a wide range of environmentally relevant conditions. The new equation expands the range of CFT's applicability in the natural subsurface primarily by accommodating departures from power law dependence of η on the Peclet and gravity numbers, a necessary but as of yet unavailable feature for applying CFT to large-scale field transport (e.g., of nanoparticles, radionuclides, or genetically modified organisms) under low groundwater velocity conditions. The new equation also departs from prior equations for colloids in the nanoparticle size range at all fluid velocities. These departures are particularly relevant to subsurface colloid and colloid-facilitated transport where low permeabilities and/or hydraulic gradients lead to low groundwater velocities and/or to nanoparticle fate and transport in porous media in general. We also note the importance of consistency in the conceptualization of particle flux through the single collector model on which most η equations are based for the purpose of attaining a mechanistic understanding of the transport and attachment steps of deposition. A lack of sufficient data for small particles and low velocities warrants further experiments to draw more definitive and comprehensive conclusions regarding the most significant discrepancies between the available equations.
Differences in developmental experiences for commonly used categories of organized youth activities

Abstract The coherence of adolescents' self-reported learning experiences between subgroups of organized youth activities within five commonly used categories was evaluated. Data for the present study come from a representative sample of eleventh grade adolescents' reports on learning experiences in an organized youth activity using the Youth Experience Survey (YES, 2.0). Overall, the findings indicated that within some categories of organized youth activities the subgroups were fairly homogeneous in their rates of learning experiences whereas in others the subgroups demonstrated greater differences than similarities. The implications for grouping activities into commonly used categories are discussed.
Comparative study of three male genital acid phosphatases.

Summary and ConclusionsThree male genital tract acid phosphatases, from human seminal plasma, rat preputial gland and guinea pig seminal vesicle, show a high degree of similarity in their pH-activity curves, Michaelis constants, and reactions to certain anions and organic substances. As a group these enzymes are fluoride-, tungstate-, molybdate-, oxalate-, L-tartrate-, and ethanol-sensitive and formaldehyde-resistant. All are activated by serum albumin, the preputial enzyme less than the other two.
Catastrophe-induced destruction and reconstruction

This study examines the destruction caused by the May 3, 1999 Oklahoma City tornado and the rebuilding process using panel data techniques. The results indicate that, within 3 years, the average property value of the damaged cohort exceeded the undamaged group. We use a unique data set that includes individual Fujita-scale damage assessments from Texas Tech University in conjunction with estimates of market value provided by the Oklahoma County Tax Assessor. We estimate the relationship between the Fujita-scale damage assessment and the monetary loss in market value. Our results suggest that the greatest opportunity to reduce monetary losses from tornado damage is for low-intensity tornadoes. Further, at damage ratings of F1 and higher, research should be directed toward life safety measures.
Heteroepitaxial oxide structures grown by pulsed organometallic beam epitaxy (POMBE)

We describe the design, construction, and use of pulsed organometallic beam epitaxy (POMBE), a plasma-enhanced CVD technique to grow oxide heterostructures. Solid-state precursors are sampled in the gas line via quartz crystal monitors andinjectedinto the O 2 microwave plasma with pulse time durations of a few seconds. The precursors are injectedthrough pneumatic valves in a heatedvalve box. The valves andmicrowave power are under computer control. The microwave plasma is rampedbetween a forwardpower of 600 and1500 W to improve film epitaxy. We use POMBE to grow epitaxial BaYZrO3/MgO, Y–ZrO2/LAO, andYBa 2Cu3O7/Y–ZrO2/LAO structures. The processing parameters leading to the heteroepitaxy are described. The best epitaxy results in X-ray FWHM of 0.121, 0.381, and 0.871 for BaYZrO3, Y–ZrO2, andYBa 2Cu3O7, respectively. We show the advantages of the POMBE technique over that of plasma-enhancedCVD. SelectedTEM results of the heteroepitaxial oxid e structures are shown, andthe role that temperature plays in the oxide epitaxy. The epitaxy of BaYZrO3 is the first described in the literature, and that of YSZ is among the best reported. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Do religious cognitions promote prosociality

Researchers have long argued that religion increases prosocial behavior, but results are equivocal. Recent findings on priming religious concepts seem to show that religion drives other-regarding b...
The effect of alkylene oxides, furan resin and vinylpyrrolidinone on wood dimensional stability

The effect of propylene oxide, butylene oxide, furan resin, and vinylpyrrolidinone in controlling wood dimensional stability have been examined. Wood in the green or ovendry condition was treated with various chemicals using a vacuum-pressure procedure. Treated specimens were tested for tangential swelling, moisture gain, and changes in sorption hysteresis. Results indicate that propylene oxide and butylene oxide enhanced with the crosslinking agent trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, applied to ovendry wood were the most efficient chemical treatments in controlling hygroscopic dimensional changes. The sorption behavior of treated wood as depicted by the ratios of sorption was “very favorable” in most instances. In the case of treatments with furan resin, ratios of sorption were improved from 25 to 100 percent as compared to those of untreated wood.
Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation of factors influencing outcome.

OBJECTIVE : The goal of this study was to critically evaluate the predictive efficacy of various clinical factors in spinal epidural abscess influencing outcome after surgical and/or medical treatment. METHODS : A retrospective analysis of 41 cases of spinal epidural abscess treated at Henry Ford Hospital between 1984 and 1992 was performed. RESULTS : Thirty patients underwent open surgery and received antibiotic therapy, and 11 patients received medical treatment alone. After a mean follow-up period of 20.9 months (range, 4-45 mo), 24 patients (58.5%) had no or minimal deficits, 9 patients (22%) had severe paresis or plegia and/or bowel/bladder dysfunction, and 8 patients (19.5%) died. Univariate analysis revealed patient age, degree of thecal sac compression, spinal location, surgical findings, and septic presentation to be significantly associated with outcome. In multiple logistic regression analysis, increasing age and degree of thecal sac compression were the only factors with significant independent association with poor outcome (P = 0.01 for both). A simple grading system (Grades 0-III) was developed, with patient age, degree of thecal sac compression, and duration of symptoms as the determining criteria. The incidence of poor outcome for patients with Grade 0 was 0%, compared to 85.7% for patients with Grade III. CONCLUSION : We conclude that long-term outcome after treatment of spinal epidural abscess can be predicted with the use of the proposed grading scheme. Surgical drainage plus parenterally administered antibiotics remains the recommended treatment, although medical treatment alone can also be used for certain patients.
A new technique for ice-fabric analysis

A new method for ice-fabric analysis which is easily automated is described. The technique relies on a set of digital images of an ice thin section viewed through crossed polarizers and rotated to various angles. From the acquired set of images, the c-axis orientation of all the grains in the image can be determined. The theoretical basis for the technique is described in detail, including corrections for refraction, as well as other corrections for off-axis grains and polarization/reflection effects. An experiment was performed comparing results of the new technique with those of the standard technique. Excellent agreement was obtained. It is expected that an automated system using this technique (currently almost complete) will have a large impact on the amount of information and physical knowledge which can be extracted from ice fabrics in the future.
A developmental analysis of the uptake and release of lipids by the fat-body of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Qualitative analyses of the haemolymph and fat-body of hornworm larvae and pupae reveal that all major lipid classes are present. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that the predominant lipid in fat-body is triglyceride (TGL), and in the haemolymph, diglyceride (DGL). When pre-labelled fat-body from pupal or pharate adult hornworms is incubated in haemolymph or buffered bovine serum albumin (BSA), there is an appreciable release of radioactivity into the medium. This does not occur when fat-body is incubated in buffered saline. The greatest portion of the released radioactivity is associated with the free fatty acid (FFA) fraction; dilution of haemolymph causes a decrease in release of FFA label from fat-body tissue without affecting the distribution of radioactivity in the other lipid fractions; release of FFA label from the fat-body is inhibited partially by azide and arsenate, but is almost unaffected by cyanide. There is no appreciable release of radioactivity from pre-labelled larval hornworm fat-body into haemolymph or buffered BSA. Pre-labelled fat-body from adult Leucophaea maderae releases radioactivity into both haemolymph and buffered BSA, chiefly as FFA. Pre-labelled fat-body from adult Schistocerca gregaria releases radioactivity into both haemolymph and buffered BSA, chiefly as DGL. Cecropia pupal fat-body preparations release comparatively low levels of radioactivity into haemolymph in the forms of FFA, DGL, and TGL.
MULTI-TERMINAL NETWORK CONNECTEDNESS on SERIES-PARALLEL NETWORKS

Network operation may require that a specified number k of nodes be able to communicate via paths consisting of operating edges and nodes. In an environment of node and edge failure, this leads to associated reliability measures. When the k nodes are known in advance, this has been widely studied as k-terminal reliability; when the k nodes are chosen uniformly at random, this has been studied as k-resilience. A third notion, when it suffices to have anyk nodes communicate, is related to the expected size of the largest component in the network. We generalize these three measures to the probability that given h nodes chosen in advance and i nodes chosen at random, they appear in a component of size at least k = h + i + j. As expected, for general networks, for most choices of (h, i, j) the computation is #P-complete and hence unlikely to admit a polynomial time algorithm. We develop polynomial time algorithms in the special case that the network is series-parallel, which subsume and generalize earlier methods for k-terminal reliability and k-resilience.
Selective Regulation of Agrin mRNA Induction and Alternative Splicing in PC12 Cells by Ras-dependent Actions of Nerve Growth Factor

The extracellular matrix protein agrin plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. However, regulation of agrin gene expression and pre-mRNA splicing, important in determining the biological actions of agrin, is not well understood. To begin to identify mechanisms controlling agrin expression, quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to analyze the effect of growth factors on the expression of agrin mRNA isoforms in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Agrin transcripts in untreated cells lacked inserts in the Y and Z sites (agriny0z0), encoding agrin isoforms with low acetylcholine receptor aggregating activity and a primarily non-neuronal tissue distribution. Transcripts encoding isoforms with high aggregating activity and neuronal tissue distribution (agriny4z8, agriny4z11, and agriny4z19) were not detected. Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) caused a significant increase in total agrin mRNA. In contrast, exposure to epidermal growth factor had no effect. Analysis of alternative splicing of agrin mRNA revealed that NGF elicited a specific increase in agriny4 and agrinz8 mRNAs that did not occur in the presence of epidermal growth factor, insulin, dexamethasone, or retinoic acid. Analysis of PC12 sublines stably overexpressing a dominant inhibitory form of p21 Ras indicated that NGF induced changes in levels of agrin mRNA and alternative splicing required Ras activity. The results show that NGF can influence important aspects of neuronal differentiation by regulating alternative splicing. Furthermore, these data provide insight into the mechanisms governing agrin gene expression and suggest that neurotrophic factors may play a role in regulating agrin expression in vivo.
229 Fetal Post-Haemorrhagic Ventriculomegaly: Neurological Outcome At 24 Months

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), a common event in preterm infants, may also occur in utero with a suggested estimate of 1–5 in 10000 pregnancies. A high incidence of sequelae is reported in survivors but the data available so far have not been sistematically and prospectively collected with a structered assessment. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the presence and the severity of neurological and neurovisual impairment in a cohort of 13 infants with antenatal IVH and post-haemorrhagic ventriculomegaly. Methods: All 13 infants have been regularly followed for at least 24 months with a standardized assessment. This included the Griffiths mental scales and a battery of age specific tests assessing cerebral visual function. Results: Nine of the 13 infants developed post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and underwent ventriculo-peritoneal shunting, the remaining four had a not hypertensive ventricular dilatation. Eight infants had hemorrhagic and/or ischemic parenchimal lesions (7 of them developed PHH): All of them showed abnormal visual function, associated in all but one with severe neurological impairment. Five infants had no evidence of parenchimal lesions (2 of them developed PHH): No neurologic impairment was found in this group but neurovisual anomalies were evident in two patients (1 of them with PHH). Conclusions: Seven of the 13 infants included in the study (53,8%) showed neurological sequelae and ten of them (76,9%) abnormalities in neurovisual function. Cerebral visual anomalies were found in three infant with no neurological impairment or no evidence of parenchimal involvement. An early screening of neurovisual function is recommended in order to provide an adequate rehabilitation programme in this high risk group of patients.
Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) for geodetic positioning

The development of relatively inexpensive satellite receivers in the early 1970's has resulted in cost-effective applications of satellites for a variety of geodetic surveying needs. Currently achievable accuracies range from 10 to 20 centimeters. The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System, now under development by the Department of Defense, incorporates advanced technology which has the potential capability of revolutionizing satellite geodesy. Several concepts for utilizing GPS signals are briefly reviewed, and another concept, called the reconstructed carrier phase method, is described in some detail. This concept is being pursued by the Defense Mapping Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Geological Survey. These agencies have numerous requirements for accurate positioning. Several prototype receivers are planned to be available for testing in mid-1982. These receivers should be highly portable, consume little power, and obtain base line accuracies of several centimeters in several hours of observation time. However, water vapor radiometers will be needed in order to achieve the full accuracy. Initial simulation results utilizing the reconstructed carrier phase method are included.
Electrical and Microstructural Properties of Lead Titanate Thin Films Deposited by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Lead titanate thin films were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si( 100) and RuO2/SiO2/Si(100) substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Atomic force microscopy revealed that films on ruthenium oxide were rougher than films on platinum. Also the grain size of the film on ruthenium oxide was larger than that on platinum. X-ray analysis revealed that the preferred orientations for films on platinum and ruthenium oxide were different. Hysteresis and fatigue tests were performed to evaluate capacitor structures on these substrates. Films on RuO2 had lower coercive fields than films on platinum. Comparison of polycrystalline and oriented films on platinum indicated that the oriented films were easier to switch and fatigued at a slower rate than the polycrystalline films. But long term property (fatigue, imprint) testing on lead titanate resulted in resistance degradation of these contacts, unlike PZT films.
Low field ESR spectrum of trivalent gadolinium in single crystal throrium oxide

Abstract The low field ESR spectrum of trivalent gadolinium in single crystal thorium oxide has been reinvestigated at 3 cm wavelength. Zeeman field strengths for all permitted transitions are found to be in substantial agreement with predictions as are relative intensity ratios.
A population synthesis study of low-mass X-ray binary systems

The origin of low-mass X-ray binary systems from the helium star-main-sequence binary remnants of a common-envelope phase is studied. Using a statistical Monte Carlo approach, the evolution of an initial distribution of zero-age binaries is followed from the main sequence through a phase of common-envelope evolution and subsequent supernova explosion of the helium star. The resultant population of low-mass main-sequence stars (;5 3 M 0 ) with a neutron star companion is studied as a function of the kick velocity associated with the possible asymmetry of the supernova explosion, the efficiency of mass ejection during the common-envelope phase, the minimum mass for evolution to a neutron star and the mass distribution of the secondary components in the system. A comparison of the results with the observed low-mass X-ray binary system population suggests that kick velocities are required. For an average kick velocity of ",450 km S-l, as inferred from the radio pulsar distribution, birth rates in the range ",3 x 10-6_10-5 yr- 1 are indicated for efficiencies of the mass ejection process during the common-envelope phase of 0.25-1. The implications of the results for the general population of low-mass X-ray binaries, and for the formation of Her X-I type systems and long-period detached systems similar to PSR 1820 -11, are briefly discussed.
Analysis of Surface Diffusion Phenomena in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

Surface diffusion data obtained for a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic system (octadecylsilyl silica gel and a 70/30 (v/v) methanol/water solution) were analyzed in relation to their molecular diffusivity (Dm). The adsorbate−adsorbent interactions between the studied compounds and the stationary phase were taken into account. The surface diffusion coefficient (Ds) depends on the mobile-phase composition, especially on the nature and concentration of the organic modifiers. Differences between the values of Ds measured under various conditions stem probably from differences in Dm. It also seems that Ds tends toward Dm with decreasing retention factor. The surface diffusion mechanism was assumed to be a restricted molecular diffusion in a potential field of adsorption. A restriction energy for this diffusion (Er) was introduced to correlate Ds with Dm. The ratio of Er to the isosteric heat of adsorption (−Qst) was found to be nearly constant, irrespective of the retention factor, with an average value o...
THE NONVOLATILE ACID AND SUGAR COMPOSITION OF MAYHAW FRUITS (CRATAEGUS AESTIVALIS, C. OPACA, C. RUFULA)

Nonvolatile acid and sugar compositions were determined in ten cultivars from three species of mayhaw fruits (Crataegus aestivalis, Walter, Torrey & Gray; C. opaca, Hook. & Arn.; C. rufula, Sarg.). Fructose and glucose were the major sugars and malic acid was the principle nonvolatile acid found in these fruits. Citric acid, quinic acid, sorbitol, sucrose, xylose, and inositol were quantitated but were found in lesser amounts and succinic acid, arabinose, and galactose were trace components in all fruits. Pyruvic acid and tartaric acid were tentatively identified in most cultivars based on GC retention times. The nonvolatile acid and sugar composition among all mayhaw fruit species were very similar although one unnamed cultivar of C. aestivalis had much higher levels of fructose and glucose, and the cv. T. O. Superberry had higher levels of malic acid. Malic acid levels were found to be much higher in mayhaw fruits than the levels reported in other stone and pome fruits. Three cultivars of C. rufula grown under cultivation yielded mature fruit with almost identical nonvolatile acid and sugar composition.
Estrogen-progesterone and 8-OH-DPAT attenuate the lordosis-inhibiting effects of the 5-HT1A agonist in the VMN

Abstract Ovariectomized rats were treated for consecutive weeks with 25 μg estradiol benzoate followed 48 h later with 500 μg progesterone. Bilateral infusions of 200 ng 8-hydoxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) inhibited female sexual behavior on the first but not the second week of hormone priming. Such attenuation on the second week of priming did not appear to result from an enhanced receptivity of the female rats since there were no differences in the L/M ratios prior to drug infusion; nor was the attenuation a consequence of infusion-induced VMN damage since neither saline nor 8-OH-DPAT preinfusions prevented the later inhibitory effects of 8-OH-DPAT on lordosis behavior. However, preinfusion with 8-OH-DPAT may have reduced the duration of the inhibition. Hormone priming (without any VMN infusion) also partially attenuated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT. Both homone priming and treatment with 8-OH-DPAT were required to eliminate the effects of the second 8-OH-DPAT treatment. Thus, the present results suggest that gonadal hormones, alone, slightly attenuate the effects of agonist activation of 5-HT 1A receptors involved in the inhibition of lordosis behavior; that agonist activation of 5-HT 1A receptors also slight attenuation; but that both treatments together have a robust protective action against the inhibitory effect of a 5-HT 1A agonist on female lordosis behavior.
Apparatus for positioning a stylus

An apparatus for consistently and automatically positioning the point of a stylus within the field of view and at the focal point of a high power microscope while the stylus remains in the stylus cartridge. All positioning is effected through physical contact between the stylus and the apparatus without contact of the fragile stylus point occurring.
Alcohol and coronary heart disease: consistent relationship and public health implications

Abstract The relationship between alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) in various epidemiologic study designs is consistent, showing protection at ⩽2 drinks per day, with an increase in risk of CHD in several studies at higher alcohol consumption levels. Studies of potential mediators of the effects of alcohol on CHD show beneficial effects on HDL cholesterol and some coagulation factors, but, at higher levels of consumption, adverse effects on blood pressure, arrhythmias, and the myocardium. Statistical modeling of pathways for alcohol's effect on coronary disease is consistent with a protective pathway via elevated HDL cholesterol and an adverse pathway through elevated blood pressure. Maximum benefit for CHD appears to be reached at only one drink daily. Given that alcohol is an intoxicating and potentially addictive substance with a high abuse potential, and given the high morbidity and mortality associated with heavier drinking, public health recommendations to consume alcohol are contraindicated.
Bioactivity of a peptide derived from acetylcholinesterase: electrophysiological characterization in guinea-pig hippocampus.

Acetylcholinesterase is well known to have noncholinergic functions. Only recently, however, has the salient part been identified of the molecule responsible for these nonclassical actions, a peptide of 14 amino acids towards the C-terminus of acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to test the bioactivity of this ‘acetylcholinesterase-peptide’ using intracellular recordings in guinea-pig hippocampal slices. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, acetylcholinesterase-peptide alone affected neither the membrane potential nor the input resistance of CA1 neurons; however, a modulatory action was observed, as a concentration-dependent decrease of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid-induced depolarization. When calcium potentials were elicited by a depolarizing current pulse, application of acetylcholinesterase-peptide increased or reduced the degree of calcium spike firing in, respectively, the presence or absence of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid antagonist d(–)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid. In contrast, a peptide derived from the equivalent region of butyrylcholinesterase, which also hydrolyses acetylcholine, had no effect. In conclusion, acetylcholinesterase-peptide has a selective bioactivity in the hippocampus; it could thus offer new ways of targeting mechanisms of calcium-induced neurotoxicity.
Lasing in Al following photoionization and neutralization in the presence of H2: The role of H-

Atomic Al develops a population inversion and stimulated emission in the resonance lines when a solid target in a ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ buffer gas is irradiated with ArF 1930-\AA{} laser light. We present experimental evidence that the ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion is responsible for this effect, through charge-neutralizing collisions with ${\mathrm{Al}}^{+}$.
Assessment of Falling Weight Deflectometer Data for Stabilized Flexible Pavements

Backcalculation of pavement moduli through the utilization of the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is used for pavement monitoring and evaluation. The performance and structural condition of nine flexible pavement test sections built in Bedford County, Virginia, have been monitored over the past 5 years using FWD. The nine sections include three groups with aggregate base layer thicknesses of 100, 150, and 200 mm, respectively. Sections 1, 4, and 7 are control, whereas Sections 2, 5, 8 and 3, 6, 9 are stabilized with geotextiles and geogrids, respectively. The FWD testing used five double-load drops ranging from 26.5 to 58.9 kN. The deflection basins obtained from the testing have been analyzed using the ELMOD backcalculation program to find the pavement structural capacity and to detect changes in the aggregate resilient modulus. The analysis shows a reduction in the backcalculated resilient modulus of the 100-mmthick base layer. The reduction was 33 percent over 5 years for the nonstabilized section c...