cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Church, State, and School

On his first New Year's Day in the White House, Thomas Jefferson wrote to the members of a committee of the Danbury, Connecticut Baptist Association: "Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man and his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legislative powers of government reach actions only, and not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should 'make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,' thus building a wall of separation between Church and State." With the wide distribution of that letter, the language of a "wall of separation"' became part of the American lexicon. In recent debates about what the First Amendment to the Constitution means, some critics-usually those favoring less separation-have reminded us that the "wall of separation" is merely one president's opinion and not part of the Constitution. Literally, of course, these critics are right. The Constitution merely prohibits any "establishment of religion" or any limit on the "free exercise thereof' without offering much help as to what constitutes a religious establishment. But the fact thatJefferson's wall is not enshrined in law does not diminish its wisdom. Forty years ago, in his seminal study of religious freedom experienced in American history, Sidney E. Mead (The Lively Experiment: The Shaping
Conduction Disorders in the Canine Proximal His-Purkinje System Following Acute Myocardial Ischemia I. The Pathophysiology of Intra-His Bundle Block

An intra-His bundle lesion developed in 26 out of 38 dogs (68%) that survived the initial period of arrhythmias that followed ligation of the anterior septal artery. The lesion was isolated in the His bundle in ten experiments and was associated with bundle branch block in 16. The evolution of intra-His bundle block (IHBB) was evaluated utilizing standard ECG leads, catheter electrode, and plunge wire recordings from the His bundle and bundle branches. In all experiments the His bundle potential recorded by the catheter electrode was split into at least two distinct deflections (H1 and H2). This was always associated with a progressive increase of the H1-V interval and represented "first degree IHBB." A "second degree IHBB," characterized by intermittent block of the atrial impulse between the two His deflections, consistently developed either spontaneously or in response to atrial pacing. The first "stage" of second degree IHBB had a Mobitz type II pattern with a constant P-R, H1-V, and H1-H2 intervals o...
Evidence for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in a patient with Reiter's disease

An adolescent female with Reiter's disease and positive for HLA-B27 is presented. Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from the eye and Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma were isolated from the urogenital tract. Joint and serologic evidence for Chlamydia and Ureaplasma were present. A brief review of Reiter's disease in children and adolescents is discussed.
Deployment status of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope

Our global network of telescopes is designed to provide maximally available optical monitoring of time variable sources, from solar system to extra-galactic objects, and ranging in brightness from about 7-20m. We are providing a distributed network with varied apertures but homogeneous instrumentation: optical imaging, with spectroscopic capabilities. A key component is a single centralized process that accepts (in real time) and schedules TAC approved observing requests across the network; then continuously updates schedules based on status, weather and other availability criteria. Requests range from occasional to continuous monitoring, at slow to high-speed cadences (imaging and fast photometry), and includes rapid response to targets of opportunity. Each node of the network must be fully autonomous, with software agents to control and monitor all functions, to provide auto-recovery as necessary, and to announce their status and capabilities up the control structure. Real-time monitoring or interaction by humans should be infrequent. Equipment is designed to be reliable over long periods to minimize hands-on maintenance, by local or LCOGT staff. Our first 1m deployment was to McDonald Obs. in April 2012. Eight more 1m telescopes are close to deployment to complete the Southern ring, scheduled by end-2012.
Temperament in nonhuman primates

Formerly applied to studies of responsivity in children, in more recent years the concept of temperament has been applied to nonhuman primates at the individual, species, and now population levels. While the concepts of temperament and personality have been less distinguished in nonhuman primate studies than in the human literature, temperamental and personality differences have now been identified among individual primates and among primate species in a number of studies. At the individual level, certain temperamental characteristics have been associated with age, sex, and most frequently rank. At the species level, temperamental profiles have been linked to intraspecific differences in social systems, sociodemographics, and features of life history and ecology. In this report we discuss the application of the temperament concept to nonhuman primates and review findings from studies of primate temperament at the individual, population, and species level. We also cite evidence for genetic and experiential influences on temperament in primates, outline concepts related to possible evolutionary influences on temperament, and discuss the possible relation of temperamental characteristics to social behavior and ecology in selected species. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A generalized least-squares fault detection filter

A fault detection and identification algorithm is determined from a generalization of the least-squares derivation of the Kalman filter. The objective of the filter is to monitor a single fault called the target fault and block other faults which are called nuisance faults. The filter is derived from solving a min–max problem with a generalized least-squares cost criterion which explicitly makes the residual sensitive to the target fault, but insensitive to the nuisance faults. It is shown that this filter approximates the properties of the classical fault detection filter such that in the limit where the weighting on the nuisance faults is zero, the generalized least-squares fault detection filter becomes equivalent to the unknown input observer where there exists a reduced-order filter. Filter designs can be obtained for both linear time-invariant and time-varying systems. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence spectroscopic studies on the multicomponent system coumarin 1/fluorescein/rhodamine B in ethanol

The steady-state fluorescence spectra of the three-component system coumarin 1/fluorescein/rhodamine B in 95% ethanol were studied at room temperature. In the appropriate concentration ranges, upon the excitation of coumarin 1 at 377 nm, the ternary dye mixture solution emitted simultaneously with three bands centered at 443, 528, and 575 nm, respectively. The analysis of the data seems to indicate that there is significant energy transfer between these three dyes and that the main contribution corresponds to the Forster nonradiative mechanism. The critical transfer distances between each two of the three components were calculated to be 48.4 A for the coumarin 1/fluorescein pair, 42.2 A for the coumarin 1/rhodamine B pair, and 65.5 A between fluorescein and rhodamine B dyes. The system can potentially be used to obtain three primary outputs at different wavelengths in a dye laser system.
The regulation of caveolin expression and localization by serum and heparin in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Caveolae have been implicated in growth factor receptor and G-protein coupled receptor signaling in vascular cells. It has been postulated that caveolin, the structural protein of caveolae, may act as a general tyrosine kinase inhibitor by binding and inhibiting signaling molecules involved in the activation of the MAP kinase proliferation cascade. Using an in vitro model of VSMC proliferation, we found that serum stimulation caused a dose dependent decrease in both caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 protein levels in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Heparin, an inhibitor of VSMC proliferation, inhibited the serum-induced loss of caveolin-1 and caveolin-2. In addition, heparin caused an increase in both caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 localization to caveolae-enriched sucrose gradient membrane fractions when compared to serum alone. Taken together, caveolin may play an important role in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and heparin and serum have opposing effects on caveolin expression and localization in VSMC.
An electronic stethoscope is judged better than conventional stethoscopes for anesthesia monitoring

A prototype electronic monitoring stethoscope was constructed from readily available, high-quality components. It consisted of a conventional precordial or esophageal probe connected to a microphone by a rubber adapter. The microphone was connected by lightweight wire to an amplifier and headphones. Twenty-one anesthesia clinicians evaluated the stethoscope and responded to a multiple-choice preference questionnaire. The electronic stethoscope was judged to perform better than the conventional stethoscope in most categories evaluated. The electronic device was perceived to be louder, clearer in sound reproduction, more efficacious for monitoring, and easier to use continuously, and its head-phones were considered more comfortable than the conventional carpiece. Based on our results, we conclude that amplified stethoscopes have the potential to improve monitoring. Further development of electronic stethoscope monitoring seems warranted and is continuing.
Operational Restructuring Charges and Post‐Restructuring Performance*

Firms incur restructuring charges as a result of actions intended to improve their operating performance. However, there is little evidence on whether restructuring charges are associated with improved performance. We examine a sample of firms reporting restructuring in 1991-93 and find that the restructuring firms' earnings increase over the levels immediately before restructuring. Compared with a control sample of firms that report no restructuring, the restructuring firms improve their earnings and operating income, but evidence for improvements in cash flow from operations is mixed. In regression analysis, we find that restructuring charges are significantly positively associated with post-restructuring changes in earnings relative to the restructuring year, but this association is largely driven by firms with multiple restructurings and firms reporting losses in the restructuring year. We find no association between restructuring charges and post-restructuring changes in earnings relative to the year before restructuring. Restructuring charges are significantly positively associated with post-restructuring changes in operating income and cash flow from operations for firms with multiple restructurings. In summary, restructuring charges are associated with improved earnings, but our results suggest that restructuring in the early 1990s did not necessarily guarantee improved operating performance.
Behavior and extensive management of domestic sows (Sus scrofa) and litters

Abstract Application of knowledge of the ethological characteristics of domestic swine (Sus scrofa) facilitates their efficacious management under extensive agricultural conditions. Domestic swine exhibit complex maternal and social behavior that includes nest building, communal nesting, and a high degree of tolerance of young that are not their own even to the extent of defending those young and often allowing them to suckle. Neonatal piglets are higly precocial; they typically establish a teat order within 24 h of birth, can readily identify their own dams by odor and sound, and integrate into the herd when 1 week–10 days of age. A varied environment that includes grass, brush and water enables swine to optimize behaviorally their own welfare. Maintenance of farrowing sows in small groups in which individual farrowing dates are closely synchronized fosters formation of stable social relationships and minimizes displacement of young piglets from their dam's udder by older piglets. Human mimicry of key elements of typical greeting rituals facilitates positive interspecific socialization. Sows positively socialized to people usually tolerate close human approach and touch even during and after farrowing, making this species particularly well suited to educational, recreational or other programs that involve the close observation of, or human interaction with, animals.
Polynucleotides. IV. Role of salts and magnesium in the polymerization of ribonucleotides by polynucleotide phosphorylase.

Abstract The rate of synthesis of polyadenylic acid by the polynucleotide phosphorylase enzyme system of M. lysodeikticus is increased by the addition of salts. The activation by salts results from a decrease in K m ; V m is unaltered. In contrast, Mg increases both K m and V m to a comparable degree. High concentrations of Mg are inhibitory; increases of salt concentration or substrate concentration reverse the inhibition. The extent of inhibition by Mg is greatest at high pH. Consequently, the pH-activity curve is strongly influenced by the relative amounts of Mg, salt, and substrate. It is suggested that the major effect of salt is on the reaction of the enzyme with the substrate, while Mg influences events subsequent to the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. The inhibitory effect of Mg is believed to be primarily on the enzyme. The role of Mg-substrate complexes is considered.
Reply by Author to J. L. Tietze

P RUSSING points out the dangers of trying to use the principal minor test for positive definite matrices as a test for a positive semidefinite matrix. Kerr agrees, but feels that modifying the principal minor test to suit the new task is too expensive computationally. He recommends using the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the matrix as a more efficient and more stable technique to evaluate definiteness. A Choleski factorization, although computationally faster, is rejected because it is not stable for a semidefinite matrix. As an indicator of computational speed, the flop count for a Choleski factorization is given as «/6, whereas the flop count for an SVD is given as 2w/3. This Comiiient suggests a different concept for this test, namely, the inertia of a matrix. The computational burden is similar to that of a Choleski factorization and software to perform this calculation is available in LINPACK. The inertia of a symmetric matrix is defined as the number triple (ir9p,£]9 where ir is the number of positive eigenvalues, p is the number of negative eigenvalues, and f is the number of zero eigenvalues. For an «th-order matrix, the statement that it is positive definite is equivalent to the statement that its inertia is {n,0,0]. Similarly, a positive semidefinite matrix would have an inertia of {m,Q,p}, m+p = n. The flop count for the matrix inertia calculation is «/6, nearly four times faster than the equivalent SVD. Although the matrix inertia calculation does not indicate the magnitude of the matrix eigenvalues, it can be used to discover eigenvalue bounds (see "Slicing the Spectrum" in Ref. 5 for a lucid commentary). In summary, using LINPACK software to calculate the inertia of a matrix is a computationally efficient way to check whether the matrix is positive definite, positive semidefinite, or indefinite. The SVD is more suitable if information on why the matrix is not positive definite is required.
Concentration order on a metric space, with some statistical applications

A concept called concentration order of probability distributions on a metric space is introduced, then the norm stochastic order that compares real-parameter stochastic processes is introduced as a special case. Equivalent conditions of concentration order are established. Using Anderson's theorem, norm stochastic orders of certain processes with almost-sure continuous sample paths are established, including Wiener processes and Brownian bridges as special cases. Limiting power monotonicity of some goodness-of-fit tests are shown as applications.
Ovarian cancer: epidemiology, biology, and prognostic factors.

Ovarian cancer varies widely in frequency among different geographic regions and ethnic groups, with a high incidence in Northern Europe and the United States, and a low incidence in Japan. The majority of cases are sporadic, and only 5% to 10% of ovarian cancers are familial. The etiology of ovarian cancer is poorly understood. Models of ovarian carcinogenesis include the theory of incessant ovulation, in which a person's age at ovulation, i.e., lifetime number of ovulatory cycles, is an index of her ovarian cancer risk. Excessive gonadotropin and androgen stimulation of the ovary have been postulated as contributing factors. Exposure of the ovaries to pelvic contaminants and carcinogens may play a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Epidemiologic and molecular-genetic studies identify numerous risk and protective factors. The most significant risk factor is a family history of the disease. Recent advances in molecular genetics have found mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes responsible for the majority of hereditary ovarian cancer. Additional risk factors include nulliparity and refractory infertility. Protective factors include multiparity, oral contraceptives, and tubal ligation or hysterectomy. With five years of oral contraceptive use, women can cut their risk of ovarian cancer approximately in half; this also holds true for individuals with a family history. Stage at diagnosis, maximum residual disease following cytoreductive surgery, and performance status are the three major prognostic factors. Using a multimodality approach to treatment, including aggressive cytoreductive surgery and combination chemotherapy, five-year survival rates are as follows: Stage I (93%), Stage II (70%), Stage III (37%), and Stage IV (25%). Semin. Surg. Oncol. 19:3–10, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Retinoid modulation of cell-free membrane transfer between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Cell-free transfer of radiolabeled membrane proteins from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus immobilized to nitrocellulose in the presence of nucleoside triphosphate, an ATP-regenerating system and a cytosol fraction was promoted by retinol. At an optimum concentration of 1 microgram/ml, the rate and amount of transfer was approximately doubled over 1 to 2 h of incubation in the cell-free system. The transition vesicles induced to form in the cell-free system were concentrated by preparative free-flow electrophoresis in order to study separately the steps of vesicle formation from transitional endoplasmic reticulum and the steps of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus. The retinol effect was on vesicle formation as evidenced by an approx. 2-fold increase in transition vesicle numbers, as determined by electron microscope morphometry, and amount from protein determinations on the isolated fractions enriched in transition vesicles. The retinol response in the complete transfer could be eliminated by addition of concentrated cytosol, including cytosol depleted of retinol. An interaction of retinol with some component of the vesicle formation process, possibly involving guanine nucleotides, is indicated.
Evaluation of an artificial olfactory system for grain quality discrimination

Abstract A commercially available Cyranose-320™ conducting polymer-based electronic nose system was used to analyze the headspace from stored barley samples. Three types of barley samples were analyzed, namely, clean barley, naturally Fusarium infected barley and Fusarium inoculated clean barley. The barley samples were stored at moisture contents of 13, 18, 20 and 25 g of water/100 g sample. The raw signals obtained from the electronic nose system were pre-processed by various signal-processing techniques to extract area-based features. Principal component analysis was subsequently performed on the processed signals to further reduce the dimensionalities. Classification models using linear (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analyses (QDA) were developed using the extracted features. The performance of the developed models was validated using leave-1-out cross validation and bootstrapping method. The models classified the barley samples stored into two groups based on the ergosterol content, i.e., “acceptable” (ergosterol content
Performance and cost improvements in the display control module for DVE

The DCM for the Drivers Vision Enhancer system is the display part of a relatively low cost IR imaging system for land-vehicles. Recent changes to operational needs, associated with asymmetrical warfare have added daytime operations to the uses for this mature system. This paper will discuss cost/performance tradeoffs and provide thoughts for "DVE of the future" in light of these new operational needs for the system.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 inhibits activation of macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 for cell killing

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta) is a multi-potent immunoregulatory peptide that has effects on numerous cell types. Here we report that human TGF-beta inhibits the activation of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 for killing of the L1210 tumour cell line. RAW 264.7 cells, like normal macrophages, require sequential interaction with priming and triggering stimuli for full activation of cytolytic activity. TGF-beta inhibits this cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner at both the priming and the triggering stage. Addition of as little as 1 ng/ml TGF-beta when added with either the priming signal, recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or the triggering signal, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), completely abrogated tumouricidal activity. Incubation with TGF-beta also inhibited the morphological changes normally observed in activated RAW 264.7 cells. However, TGF-beta was unable to inhibit the cytotoxic activity of RAW 264.7 cells against the target cell line WEHI 164, which is sensitive to tumour necrosis factor. In contrast to the effects on cytotoxic activity, the cytostatic activity of activated RAW 264.7 cells was not inhibited by TGF-beta at doses of up to 5 ng/ml. In addition, pretreatment of the L1210 target cells with TGF-beta made them refractory to both the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that TGF-beta may be an important mediator in the regulation of macrophage tumouricidal activity.
Comment on ``Natural BNS damping of the fast ion instability''

We show that the effect of BNS damping for the fast ion instability found in the recent paper ``Natural BNS damping of the fast ion instability'' [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 2, 044403 (1999)] occurs only when initial perturbations in the beam are amplified by many orders of magnitude, and, most likely, the linear approximation breaks down. We also demonstrate that the asymptotic solution found by Raubenheimer and Zimmermann gives a good approximation for the linear regime of the instability contrary to the statement of Pestrikov.
Coat-hanger ache in orthostatic hypotension.

BackgroundQuestionnaires administered to orthostatic hypotension (OH) patients reveal frequent occurrence of coat-hanger ache (CHA), but laboratory-based precipitation of CHA during head-up tilt (HUT) has not been investigated. This study compared the frequency and clinical aspects of CHA in the same group of OH patients during daily activities versus during HUT.MethodsRetrospective IRB-approved review of prospectively collected data on 22 dysautonomic patients. Heart rate response to deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuver, HUT and thermoregulatory sweat test evaluated cardiovagal, adrenergic and sudomotor functions. Occurrence and clinical features of CHA during daily activities and during HUT were recorded. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics.ResultsAll patients demonstrated severe adrenergic (OH), cardiovagal and sudomotor impairment. Of 22 patients, 13 (59%) reported CHA within 3–5 minutes of standing or after 10 minutes to 2 hours of sitting that was relieved within 5–20 minutes of recumbency....
Distribution of Cholesterol in Fractionated Beef Tallow

The cholesterol contents of tallow and tallow fractions derived by aqueous detergent fractionation were determined by gas chromatography. Tallow was found to contain 0.14% cholesterol by weight. Liquid and solid fractions subsequently derived by temperature fractionation at 40, 33, 27, 22 and 18°C contained between 0.10 and 0.15% cholesterol by weight. The liquid fraction at each temperature had cholesterol contents 0.02 – 0.04% higher than the corresponding solid fractions.
Nonsmooth Optimization of Systems with Varying Structure

Abstract Abstract A novel method based on the generalized gradient and nonsmooth optimization techniques called bundle methods is introduced to optimize the performance of a class of dynamic systems whose governing equations change depending on the values of the parameters, controls and the current state of the system.
Detection and Measurement of Inhomogeneities in Glass by Small‐Angle Scattering of X Rays

Slope analyses of small-angle scattering curves were used to determine the particle size of submicroscopic, immiscible regions in a lead silicate glass heat-treated for various times at constant temperature. Particle-size estimates made from electron micrographs indicated relatively good agreement between the two methods.
Sequence of centromere separation: kinetochore formation in induced laggards and micronuclei

Mouse L-cells were treated with bis-benzimidazole derivative (Hoechst 33258), caffeine and bleomycin in order to study genesis of laggards and micronuclei and formation of kinetochores as revealed by antikinetochore antibody staining. Apparently, the Hoechst 33258-induced decondensation experienced by the A:T-rich pericentric heterochromatin does not extend into the centromeric region and does not affect formation, physical appearance or function of kinetochores. The laggards induced by Hoechst 33258 are generally whole chromosome laggards which have antikinetochore antibody binding sites. These kinetochore-carrying laggards were seen to lie outside the spindle region in cells untreated with spindle inhibitors or hypotonic and stained differentially for spindle and chromosomes. Some micronuclei did not show kinetochore dots indicating their origin in acentric chromosome fragments. When cells were treated with caffeine or bleomycin, both types of micronuclei, namely those carrying kinetochores and those generated by acentric fragments, were seen. These results are interesting in that caffeine prevents the rejoining of chromosome breaks and one would expect only kinetochore-less micronuclei in caffeine-treated cells. It may mean that caffeine also induces aneuploidy. The L-cells carry minichromosomes which are no more than a pair of kinetochore dots. Such chromosomes, though detectable by antikinetochore antibody staining, may be missed in routine, acid-fixed, Giemsa-stained preparations.
Expectant delay procedure for teaching requests

An expectant time delay strategy for teaching two students with physical and cognitive disabilities to initiate requests for high interest items was investigated. A three-choice communication board that displayed Polaroid photographs of high interest objects was built for each student. The expectant time delay procedure entailed (a) presentation of high interest items, (b) presentation of the communication board, (c) obtaining eye contact, (d) gazing at the student with raised eyebrows, and (e) a wait period of 45 seconds. No verbal or physical prompts were used. If no response or an incorrect response was made the trainer modeled the correct response and an intertrial interval of 15 seconds was observed. A multiple probe design revealed that both students were able to initiate requests after relatively brief training sequences.
Umbilical cord leucocytes transformed by lymphoid cell filtrates from healthy people.

SEVERAL investigators have shown that a cell-free filtrate, or lethally irradiated whole cells, from Burkitt's lymphoma or cells from acute leukaemic blood can transform human leucocytes in vitro1–6. Transformed leucocytes can multiply rapidly and, perhaps indefinitely, in vitro. Recently, my associates and I reported that a cell-free filtrate prepared from the Kaplan cell—an established line derived from the blood of an infectious mononucleosis patient—can also transform leucocytes7. Furthermore, we described a simple procedure for the investigation of leucocyte transformation8. Using this technique, it has been possible to show that a cell-free filtrate prepared from lymphoid cell lines of healthy individuals can transform umbilical cord blood leucocytes.
Novel dual-host approach in ion pair extraction: a simple tripodal nitrate host facilitates CsNO3 transfer to 1,2-dichloroethane by a large crown ether

The readily available benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide 1 enhances CsNO3 extraction by tetrabenzo-24-crown-8 via hydrogen bonding to the nitrate anion, as demonstrated by NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
ATM-mediated Snail Serine 100 phosphorylation regulates cellular radiosensitivity

Abstract Purpose Activation of the DNA damage responsive protein kinase ATM is a critical step for cellular survival in response to ionizing irradiation (IR). Direct targets of ATM regulating radiosensitivity remain to be fully investigated. We have recently reported that ATM phosphorylates the transcriptional repressor Snail on Serine 100. We aimed to further study the functional significance of ATM-mediated Snail phosphorylation in response to IR. Material and methods We transfected vector-only, wild-type, the Serine 100 to alanine (S100A) or to glutamic acid (S100E) substitution of Snail into various cell lines. We assessed colony formation, γ-H2AX focus formation and the invasion index in the cells treated with or without IR. Results We found that over-expression of the S100A mutant Snail in HeLa cells significantly increased radiosensitivity. Meanwhile the expression of S100E, a phospho-mimicking mutation, resulted in enhanced radio-resistance. Interestingly, S100E could rescue the radiosensitive phenotype in ATM-deficient cells. We also found that expression of S100E increased γ-H2AX focus formation and compromised inhibition of invasion in response to IR independent of cell survival. Conclusion ATM-mediated Snail Serine 100 phosphorylation in response to IR plays an important part in the regulation of radiosensitivity.
The effect of neoplasia-induced hypercalcemia on the neuroendocrine axis of the Fischer rat.

Abstract The effects of neoplasia-induced hypercalcemia on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of the Fischer rat were determined by measuring the responses of TSH to TRH, PRL to TRH and haloperidol, and LH to LHRH in 3 groups of 8 rats prior to and at 4 and 8 days after transplantation of a Leydig cell tumor. The mean serum calcium was 8.2 ± 0.2 mg/dl in 8 Fischer rats pretransplantation; had risen at 4 days posttransplantation to 9.8 ± 0.2 mg/dl; and at 8 days was 11.2 ± 0.1 mg/dl. TSH response to TRH was greater in the pretransplant rats than in the groups studied at 4 and 8 days posttransplant. Basal PRL levels and PRL responses to TRH and haloperidol were less in the groups studied at 4 and 8 days posttransplant. Basal LH values were similar in all 3 groups, but the LH response to LHRH was less for the posttransplant groups. The TSH response to TRH, PRL responses to TRH and haloperidol, and LH responses to LHRH were less in the 8 days posttransplants than in the groups studied at 4 days posttransplantation. There were significant negative correlations between TSH ( r = −0.79) and PRL ( r = −0.80) responses to TRH, PRL responses ( r = −0.94) to haloperidol and LH responses ( r = −0.91) to LHRH and the serum calcium. The results indicate that increasing levels of serum calcium following Leydig cell tumor transplantation are associated with suppression of adenohypophysial release of TSH, PRL, and LH; the degree of suppression is related to the magnitude of hypercalcemia achieved in this model.
Degradation of articular cartilage by copper and hydrogen peroxide

When porcine articular cartilage particles were incubated in the presence of Cu2+ and H2O2 at pH 7.4, solubilization of collagen and proteoglycan was observed. Both agents were necessary and the rate of solubilization was concentration dependent. Other transition metal ions showed much lower catalytic activity. The solubilized polypeptides were polydispersed in size and the hydroxyproline content of the larger fragments was 13% by weight. Further incubation of the released material with Cu2+ and H2O2 resulted in further degradation and partial destruction of hydroxyproline residues. Competitive studies with scavengers of OH X and 1O2 as well as the effect of D2O excluded these two species as major mediators in this system.
Renewable energy and smart grid principles integration into campus-wide energy strategy at the University of New Mexico

With a significant percentage of Renewable Energy resources already installed and operational, the University of New Mexico (UNM) campus is identified as an excellent candidate for the implementation of Demand-Response strategies integrated with a modern grid management system. An Energy Control and Management System makes it possible for UNM campus to respond to grid signals in a centrally managed manner, although individual building control systems still perform local energy management functions. This hierarchical response strategy is a model for future grid-interoperable entities of all sizes. We address the existing potential for the UNM campus to interoperate with the outside world and the possibility of altering the electricity use based on external requests from the grid. We also identify infrastructure and information technology improvements that would result in a substantially increased level of interoperability.
“You Know, We Are All Indian” Exploring White Power and Privilege in Reactions to the NCAA Native American Mascot Policy

In August 2005, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ignited a firestorm of controversy when it announced a policy that would require colleges and universities with Native American mascots and imagery to refrain from displaying those during NCAA-sponsored events. The policy further stated that institutions with this imagery would be ineligible to host NCAA championships starting in 2006. This article examines what the controversy reveals about White people, power, and privilege. Consideration is given to the complications associated with who gets to claim being “Indian” and the racial trappings contained within the continuum of sustainable racism emerging in the scheme of NCAA policy exemptions. The article ends with a reflection on the role racialized Native American mascots play in perpetuating a culture whose level of tolerance for slights directed toward Native Americans cannot be reconciled with the central mission of higher education.
Chronic stimulation of alpha-2A-adrenoceptors with guanfacine protects rodent prefrontal cortex dendritic spines and cognition from the effects of chronic stress

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides top-down regulation of behavior, cognition, and emotion, including spatial working memory. However, these PFC abilities are greatly impaired by exposure to acute or chronic stress. Chronic stress exposure in rats induces atrophy of PFC dendrites and spines that correlates with working memory impairment. As similar PFC grey matter loss appears to occur in mental illness, the mechanisms underlying these changes need to be better understood. Acute stress exposure impairs PFC cognition by activating feedforward cAMP-calcium- K+ channel signaling, which weakens synaptic inputs and reduces PFC neuronal firing. Spine loss with chronic stress has been shown to involve calcium-protein kinase C signaling, but it is not known if inhibiting cAMP signaling would similarly prevent the atrophy induced by repeated stress. The current study examined whether inhibiting cAMP signaling through alpha-2A-adrenoceptor stimulation with chronic guanfacine treatment would protect PFC spines and working memory performance during chronic stress exposure. Guanfacine was selected due to 1) its established effects on cAMP signaling at post-synaptic alpha-2A receptors on spines in PFC, and 2) its increasing clinical use for the treatment of pediatric stress disorders. Daily guanfacine treatment compared to vehicle control was found to prevent dendritic spine loss in layer II/III pyramidal neurons of prelimbic PFC in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Guanfacine also protected working memory performance; cognitive performance correlated with dendritic spine density. These findings suggest that chronic guanfacine use may have clinical utility by protecting PFC gray matter from the detrimental effects of stress.
BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SUBSISTENCE AND HEALTH AT THE LAKE GEORGE SITE, MISSISSIPPI (22YZ557)

AbstractBioarchaeological investigations of subsistence and health were conducted on a skeletal population from the Lake George site (22YZ557), a large prehistoric settlement in the lower Yazoo basin of west-central Mississippi. Subsistence is inferred from oral health indicators (including dental caries, calculus, periodontal disease, abscesses, antemortem tooth loss, and macrowear) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from bone collagen and apatite. Health is inferred from nonspecific indicators (including cranial porous lesions, enamel hypoplasias, and Harris lines). The sample includes 25 adults and 25 subadults, all of which date to the Coles Creek period (A.D. 700–1200). Frequencies of all pathological conditions are reported for the entire sample and divided by sex and age for adults. Results indicate a heavy pathology load at Lake George, but one that is not dissimilar to other Coles Creek populations. Isotope values indicate a diet that included primarily C3 plants (δ13CCol = −21.03‰, δ1...
Developing a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy service by medical intensivists: experience at one academic institution.

Abstract Purpose Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is increasingly becoming the preferred method, compared with open surgical tracheostomy, for patients requiring chronic ventilatory assistance. Little is known regarding the process involved to incorporate PDT as a standard service in the medical intensive care unit. In this report, we describe our experience developing a “PDT service” led by medical intensivists. Materials and methods With support from our leadership and surgical colleagues, we developed a credentialing and training process for medical intensivists, formulated a bedside team to perform PDT, refined our technique, and maintained a patient data registry for quality improvement. Results To date, our service includes 4 medical intensivists with PDT privileges. Over a 4-year period, we performed 171 PDTs for patients in the medical intensive care unit after 12.1 ± 8.2 days of mechanical ventilation. Our procedure-related complication rates are similar to other reports. No patient required emergent open surgical tracheostomy, and there were no deaths related to PDT. We required minimal to no backup support from our surgical colleagues in performing PDT. Conclusions We successfully developed a medical intensivist-driven PDT service, sharing our unique successes and challenges, to facilitate the care of our patients requiring prolonged ventilator support.
Using death certificates and medical examiner records for adolescent occupational fatality surveillance and research: a case study.

Death certificates and medical examiner records have been useful yet imperfect data sources for work-related fatality research and surveillance among adult workers. It is unclear whether this holds for work-related fatalities among adolescent workers who suffer unique detection challenges in part because they are not often thought of as workers. This study investigated the utility of using these data sources for surveillance and research pertaining to adolescent work-related fatalities. Using the state of North Carolina as a case study, we analyzed data from the death certificates and medical examiner records of all work-related fatalities data among 11- to 17-year-olds between 1990–2008 (N = 31). We compared data sources on case identification, of completeness, and consistency information. Variables examined included those on the injury (e.g., means), occurrence (e.g., place), demographics, and employment (e.g., occupation). Medical examiner records (90%) were more likely than death certificates (71%) to...
Bistable Network Behavior of Layer I Interneurons in Auditory Cortex

GABAergic interneurons in many areas of the neocortex are mutually connected via chemical and electrical synapses. Previous computational studies have explored how these coupling parameters influence the firing patterns of interneuronal networks. These models have predicted that the stable states of such interneuronal networks will be either synchrony (near zero phase lag) or antisynchrony (phase lag near one-half of the interspike interval), depending on network connectivity and firing rates. In certain parameter regimens, the network can be bistable, settling into either stable state depending on the initial conditions. Here, we investigated how connectivity parameters influence spike patterns in paired recordings from layer I interneurons in brain slices from juvenile mice. Observed properties of chemical and electrical synapses were used to simulate connections between uncoupled cells via dynamic clamp. In uncoupled pairs, action potentials induced by constant depolarizing currents had randomly distributed phase differences between the two cells. When coupled with simulated chemical (inhibitory) synapses, however, these pairs exhibited a bimodal firing pattern, tending to fire either in synchrony or in antisynchrony. Combining electrical with chemical synapses, prolonging τDecay of inhibitory connections, or increasing the firing rate of the network all resulted in enhanced stability of the synchronous state. Thus, electrical and inhibitory synaptic coupling constrain the relative timing of spikes in a two-cell network to, at most, two stable states, the stability and precision of which depend on the exact parameters of coupling.
Coronal mass ejections, interplanetary ejecta and geomagnetic storms

StudiesusingSOHOspacecraftdatahavedemon- strated that frontside halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected by the LASCO coronagraphs generally precede ge- omagnetic storms. Nonetheless, about three quarters of such CMEs do not result in even moderate geomagnetic activity. We study the relationship of all the ejecta (in- terplanetary CMEs) which passed Earth during 1996-1999 to coronagraph CMEs and geomagnetic activity. We reach the following conclusions: (1) Only about half of frontside halo CMEs encounter the Earth; (2) The geoeectiveness of ejecta depends strongly on the southward magneticeld strengthand, for thesame southwardeld, is irrespective of whetherornottheejectahasamagneticcloudstructure;(3) Transit speeds of ejecta to Earth are only loosely correlated with CME speeds, one influence being the prevailing solar windconditions betweentheSunandEarth; (4)Ejecta may be detected at Earth even when there is no preceding halo CME observed by LASCO. Such ejecta are not particularly geoeective.
Raising the Higgs mass with Yukawa couplings for isotriplets in vectorlike extensions of minimal supersymmetry

Extra vectorlike matter with both electroweak-singlet masses and large Yukawa couplings can significantly raise the lightest Higgs boson mass in supersymmetry through radiative corrections. I consider models of this type that involve a large Yukawa coupling between weak isotriplet and isodoublet chiral supermultiplets. The particle content can be completed to provide perturbative gauge coupling unification, in several different ways. The impact on precision electroweak observables is shown to be acceptably small, even if the new particles are as light as the current experimental bounds of order 100 GeV. I study the corrections to the lightest Higgs boson mass, and discuss the general features of the collider signatures for the new fermions in these models.
Rasch analysis of the Korean version of the VF-14: calibration and unidimensionality

The VF-14 is intended to measure visual functioning based on sets of hierarchically structured items. Rasch item response theory (IRT) provides a methodology to examine the hierarchical structure and unidimensionality of a survey instrument. The purpose of this study is to examine the scale properties (hierarchical structure and unidimensionality) of the VF-14 using Rasch item response theory methodology in cataract patients (N = 80). The results of the study showed that the Korean version VF-14 is unidimensional with a hierarchy from easy to hard items, as well as being valid and reliable in the terms of traditional psychometric analysis. The Korean version of the VF-14 had some significant item spacings (three strata), and the rating-scale categories were worded well. Therefore, the Korean version of the VF-14 measures are appropriate for use in and further study of the visual limitations associated with cataract inpatients. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
What can one learn with muons about atomic physics

The atomic physics of a hydrogen-like atom is still an interesting field. With this simplest of all possible atomic systems, one gets (besides many other quantities) information about the fundamental question : What is the "true" interaction between charged particles? Although these atoms are relatively simple, one has not been able to study experimentally more than a few very light ones, namely up to C+ 5. Lamb shift experiments obtain very precise energy differences between nS l/2 and nPl/2 electronic states, which should be degenerate according to the Dirac equation. The contributions to the best known splitting which is the 2s 2Pl/2 difference in hydrogen are given in column 1 of Table I. After more than 20 years,
Linearization of phase-modulated analog optical links using a four-wave mixing comb source

We present a novel method for distortion elimination in phase-modulated analog optical links. A small part of the phase modulated signal seeds a four-wave mixing comb source, which generates lightwaves with integer multiples of the phase modulation of the original signal. These lightwaves are scaled and re-combined with the original phase-modulated signal to cancel the distortion generated in the interferometric phase-to-amplitude conversion process. Experimentally, we demonstrate full cancelation of the third-order distortion of the receiver and achieve a 19-dB improvement in the link’s SFDR at a 1-Hz bandwidth. This approach is readily extendable to eliminate all relevant higher-order distortion products or synthesize arbitrary phase-to-amplitude transfer functions.
Tractable Bayesian Inference of Time-Series Dependence Structure

We consider the problem of Bayesian inference of graphical structure describing the interactions among multiple vector time-series. A directed temporal interaction model is presented which assumes a fixed dependence structure among time-series. Using a conjugate prior over this model’s structure and parameters, we focus our attention on characterizing the exact posterior uncertainty in the structure given data. The model is extended via the introduction of a dynamically evolving latent variable which indexes dependence structures over time. Performing inference using this model yields promising results when analyzing the interaction of multiple tracked moving objects.