cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photographic scanner with integrated charge-coupled device

ABSTRACT A scanner with an integrated, 2048-element-per-line, color charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor has beendeveloped for scanning 4" x 6" photographs at up to 500 dots/in resolution. Integration of the three sensors with color filterson a single chip greatly simplifies the scanner system design. The scanner system includes light-source, optics, mechanicaldrive, CCD drive electronics, digital signal processing (DSP) electronics and controlling hardware/firmware. A novel self-calibration scheme provides brightness and uniformity correction to the scanned image data in real time. Also in real time,DSP circuits perform sharpening and color processing allowing for fast, high quality scans of photographic images. Prints ofup to 4" x 6" are scanned at 500 dots/in resolution and 24-bit color in less than 10 seconds. Application areas include graphicarts, technical and scientific imaging, insurance and real estate. 1. INTRODUCTION The rapid development of electronic imaging technology has created new opportunities for businesses that operatein the conventional photographic market. For Polaroid, the merging of conventional photography and electronic imagingallows customers to combine the convenience of a good instant photograph, with the image manipulation provided bycomputer based systems.This paper describes the Polaroid CS-500 Digital Scanner which digitizes Polaroid instant and conventionalphotographic prints, capturing the photographic quality in 24 bit color data. To achieve fast scanning with true 8-bit per coloraccuracy and 500 dots/in resolution in a small volume, the system incorporates a variety of unique features. These include afolded optical design, a custom integrated time delay & integration (ThI) sensor, a custom digital signal processor and anovel mechanical transport system. The sensor integrates three CCDs on a single die, greatly simplifying the optical andelectronic design. A custom signal processor provides flexibility and efficient use of the host computer by performing toneand color image manipulation in hardware under computer control. A self calibration scheme is used to improveperformance by compensating for limitations in the hardware.Section 2 describes the design and performance of the linear CCD used in the system. In Section 3 the mainfunctional elements of the scanner are described in some detail. In the final section, color and monochrome images are usedto highlight the imaging performance of the system.270
Eicosanoids: Critical Agents in the Physiological Process and Cellular Injury

Eicosanoids were discovered as "prostaglandins" in the mid-1930s. The discovery that eicosanoids were ubiquitous in mammalian cells and that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs worked by inhibiting enzymes that synthesized these chemicals heralded their extensive investigation in all fields of biology. Precursor fatty acids (arachidonic acids) are stored in cell phospholipids, acted on by two enzymes (cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase) that yield prostaglandins, thromboxane, prostacyclin, and leukotrienes. Knowledge of their biochemical processes continue to unfold, but it is now believed that eicosanoids are part of a larger group of agents termed phospholipid mediators . Eicosanoids are intimately involved with cardiovascular function as well as central and peripheral vascular disease processes and ischemia. In the gastrointestinal tract, these potent lipids not only participate in many normal functions (eg, acid secretion and motility) but also in disease states (eg, inflammatory bowel disease and peptic ulcer disease). In shocklike states of sepsis and/or endotoxemia, eicosanoids have assumed a major role in many events that occur. Recently, discoveries have demonstrated that platelet-activating and tumor necrosis factors exert their effects in part through eicosanoids. The future will demonstrate these compounds to be critical not only in intracellular (molecular) events but also in the effects they produce that are far from the source of origin. (Arch Surg. 1993;128:1192-1196)
Laryngeal Laser Surgery for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, Cancer and Dysplasia: Operating Room and Office

Abstract Since their introduction in laryngology over 30 years ago, lasers have facilitated critically-important innovations that have now evolved into office-based surgery. Recent advances include...
Genoism by Any other Name

The second of three commentaries on “A Defense of Genetic Discrimination,” from the July-August 2013 issue.
A Mixed Bivariate Distribution Connected with Geometric Maxima of Exponential Variables

We study the joint distribution of X and N, where N has a geometric distribution and X is the maximum of N i.i.d. exponential variables, independent of N. We present basic properties of these mixed bivariate distributions and discuss parameter estimation for this model. An example from finance, where N represents the number of consecutive positive daily log-returns of currency exchange rates, illustrates stochastic modeling potential of these laws.
In vivo Margin Assessment during Partial Mastectomy Breast Surgery Using Raman Spectroscopy

We present the first demonstration of in vivo collection of Raman spectra of breast tissue. Raman spectroscopy, which analyzes molecular vibrations, is a promising new technique for the diagnosis of breast cancer. We have collected 31 Raman spectra from nine patients undergoing partial mastectomy procedures to show the feasibility of in vivo Raman spectroscopy for intraoperative margin assessment. The data was fit with an established model, resulting in spectral-based tissue characterization in only 1 second. Application of our previously developed diagnostic algorithm resulted in perfect sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing cancerous from normal and benign tissues in our small data set. Significantly, we have detected a grossly invisible cancer that, upon pathologic review, required the patient to undergo a second surgical procedure. Had Raman spectroscopy been used in a real-time fashion to guide tissue excision during the procedure, the additional reexcision surgery might have been avoided. These preliminary findings suggest that Raman spectroscopy has the potential to lessen the need for reexcision surgeries resulting from positive margins and thereby reduce the recurrence rate of breast cancer following partial mastectomy surgeries.
The Microsoft profiling taxonomy

This paper provides an overview of the Microsoft profiling taxonomy, including its use of the Dublin Core metadata schema.
Predictors of impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes at one year of age after infant cardiac surgery.

Objective: For most newborns, congenital heart defects (CHD) appear to be isolated anomalies and the brain is presumed to have normal developmental potential. Most studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes have focused on operative management strategies. Methods: Infants with complexCHD andnoidentifiedsyndromesotherthan22q11microdeletions enrolledin a studyof apolipoprotein E(APOE) polymorphisms and developmental outcome were evaluated at one year of age; including genetic evaluation and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II [mental (MDI) and psychomotor developmental indices (PDI)]. Results: Five hundred and fifty infants enrolled and 359 (20 with 22q11) of 501 survivors (72%)returned.MeanMDIwas90 � 15andPDIwas78 � 18.Geneticsyndromesnotidentifiedatbirthwereconfirmedin28(8.1%)andsuspectedin 51 (15.0%). By multivariable analysis, suspected/confirmed genetic syndromes and APOE e2 allele predicted lower MDI and PDI, all p < 0.04. Lower birth weight (p < 0.001) and preoperative intubation (p = 0.012) predicted lower MDI. Higher hematocrit during the initial operation was associated with higher MDI (p = 0.007). Longer postoperative length of stay was predictive of lower PDI (p = 0.002). Additional operations with cardiopulmonary bypass were associated with lower MDI and PDI (both p < 0.002), but use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was not. Conclusions: Patient factors (birth weight and preoperative status) are significant determinants of neurodevelopmental outcomes as opposed to operative management strategies. In this cohort, genetic syndromes unsuspected at birth were surprisingly common and correlate with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Without multiple congenital anomalies, syndromes may be missed in infancy. Genetic evaluation should be considered in all infants with CHD. # 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
RE: Anesthetic Management for Resection of Hepatic Paraganglioma Metastatic From the Donor Organ in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

This is a case report of the anesthetic management for the hepatic resection of a metastatic paraganglioma in a patient with a history of prior orthotopic liver transplantation. Of interest, the metastatic paraganglioma originated from the donor organ. The patient is an 80-year-old woman with multiple medical problems including a history of cryptogenic cirrhosis who underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation 9 years prior. She later presented with signs and symptoms of catecholamine excess suggestive of a catecholamine-producing tumor (paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma). Elevated urine catecholamine levels and radiographic evidence of a paraganglioma in the transplanted liver metastatic from the donor organ confirmed the diagnosis. Radiofrequency ablation of the tumor and surgical resection was previously attempted without success. We describe the anesthetic management for the successful resection of the metastatic hepatic paraganglioma, which was complicated by profound intraoperative hypertension and hypotension that necessitated the use of multiple vasoactive infusions, extensive surgical blood loss requiring blood transfusion, and difficult glycemic control in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient. The postoperative course is also described. This unique case presented the anesthesia team with challenges specific to both surgery for hepatic resection as well as for catecholamine-secreting tumors. We are not aware of any reports of paragangliomas of either donor or recipient origin involving a transplanted liver, making this the first such report to the best of our knowledge.
Eidetic results in transcendental phenomenology: Against naturalization

In this paper I contrast Husserlian transcendental eidetic phenomenology with some other views of what phenomenology is supposed to be and argue that, as eidetic, it does not admit of being ‘naturalized’ in accordance with standard accounts of naturalization. The paper indicates what some of the eidetic results in phenomenology are and it links these to the employment of reason in philosophical investigation, as distinct from introspection, emotion or empirical observation. Eidetic phenomenology, unlike cognitive science, should issue in a ‘logic’ of consciousness. Instead of being derived from empirical investigations its results should consist of high-level background conditions that are necessary for cognitive science to be possible in the first place. To negate these conditions is to be faced with certain types of ‘material’ contradictions. Some analogies with science – mathematical science – are used to develop the argument.
Cervical cancer risk with the use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: to worry or not to worry?

Wadstrom et al studied whether tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (TNFi) increase the risk of cervical neoplasia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?1 Study authors performed a nationwide study using Swedish databases. The main findings from the study were that biologic-naive women with RA had more screenings (HR=1.08; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10), were at greater risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (HR=1.53; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.89) and CIN 2–3 (HR=1.39; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.66), but not of invasive cervical cancer (HR=1.09; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.65), compared with the general Swedish female population without RA. Patients who initiated TNFi therapy had similar screening patterns (HR=1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05), were not at increased risk of CIN 1 (HR=1.23; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.74), but were at increased risk of CIN 2–3 (HR=1.36; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82), and invasive cervical cancer (HR=2.10; 95% CI 1.04 to 4.23) compared with biologic-naive women with RA. The estimates for the association of TNFi use (incident or ongoing) with invasive cervical cancer were attenuated when the study period was restricted to 2006–2012 and the biologic-naive comparator restricted to those individuals who had received dispensing of two or more different conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), HR=1.36 (95% CI 0.59 to 3.13) and was absent when restricted to the new users of TNFi 2006 or later (only one case during 18 110 person-years). Study strengths were the use of Swedish national databases making it a population-based study, linkage between various databases allowing authors to examine various stages of cervical cancer, the use of an approach similar to a validated approach for RA diagnosis in this database,2 and the performance of analysis by time periods. Study limitations must be carefully considered while interpreting findings. Key study limitations to consider include confounding …
Nickel and Rawls on Human Rights and Toleration

In this conference paper I critically assess Jim Nickel's (in his otherwise excellent second edition of 'Making Sense of Human Rights') characterization of and objections to Rawls's position on human rights as 'ultraminimalist.' I explore also the differences in Nickel's and Rawls's commitments to liberal toleration.
Serotonin transporter gene alters insula activity to threat in social anxiety disorder.

Amygdala and insula hyper-reactivity to threat is implicated in social anxiety disorder (SAD) yet inconsistencies in activation have been reported. One source of variance are individual differences in 5-HTTLPR genotype where the short (S), relative to long (L) allele, corresponds with greater amygdala activation. However, the impact of genotype on insula to threat in SAD is not known. During fMRI, 34 SAD patients and 28 healthy controls completed a perceptual assessment task comprising angry, fear, and happy faces. Results showed no diagnostic group differences in limbic/paralimbic regions but within SAD, greater insula, but not amygdala, activation to fearful faces was observed in subjects with SS genotype compared to LaLa genotype. Findings indicate genotype influenced insula activation to threat in SAD.
Strategies for Creating Cardiovascular Models with Digital Light Projection Stereolithography

Stereolithography (SLA) represents an additive manufacturing method that uses light to selectively cure a photoresin for the purpose of creating a 3 dimensional structure. With successively cured layers, large geometry (4" x 6" x 15") can be achieved with incredibly high resolution (~100 micrometer). Using a digital light projection (DLP) chip, whole layers of the model can be cured in a single step as opposed to laser based methods that require the laser to line scan the model. This approach rapidly accelerates the printing process, while still maintaining a high level of accuracy in the part. The goal of this printer is to produce models of the cardiovascular system for benchtop flow studies. With many of the intended models being complex in nature, fused filament printing would not produce the needed resolution or finish required. The challenge with many models is how segment the model for printing, curing settings, and how to position the geometry on the print bed. Different photoresin chemistry's were used achieve specific model objectives, reusable molds, dissolvable molds, and device prototypes. The underlying chemistry, printing strategies, and discussion of the tested solutions to problems with this technology will be covered. With the growing presence of DLP SLA, many of the challenges with this method are limiting the success of these designs in the marketplace. This presentation will cover the advances made with the current design and the benefits this technology has for this application.
Validation study of self-reported measures of fat distribution

OBJECTIVE : To determine the validity of self-reported body circumferences and indices of body fatness in comparison with the same variables measure by technicians. DESIGN : Cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS : 66 women aged 40-81 years. MEASUREMENTS : Self-reported weight and height and waist, hip, chest and bust circumferences, by mail questionnaire. The same measurements taken by a trained technician during a clinic visit. Derived variables of body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and conicity index, based on both self-reports and technician measurements. RESULTS : Mean differences between technician measurements and self measurements indicated that, on average, women tended to systematically underestimate their body circumferences. Age-adjusted Pearson correlations between technician measurements and self measurements ranged from 0.93 (95% confidence interval : 0.89, 0.96) for hips to 0.99 (95% CI : 0.98, 0.99) for weight. For derived variables (quotients of measures). the highest agreement (r = 0.98, 95% CI : 0.97, 0.99) was observed for body mass index (weight in kg/height in m 2 ). The ratio of circumferences of the waist and hips was correlated less strongly (r = 0.76, 95% Cl : 0.63, 0.85). The correlation for conicity index, a measure of fat distribution that is independent of hip measurement variability, was 0.82 (95% CI : 0.72. 0.88). Overall, accuracy of self measurements did not appear to vary according to age. There was an indication that with increasing values of weight and waist measurements. there was an increasing tendency for women to underestimate the measurement. This was also reflected in the accuracy of the derived variables body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, but not the conicity index. CONCLUSIONS : These results indicate that self measurements of these anthropometric variables are highly accurate even when used to formulate derived variables, and are therefore appropriate for epidemiologic studies.
Catheter-associated bacteriuria in patients in reverse isolation.

AbstractWe determined the incidence and source of bacterial colonization of the bladder in 18 consecutive renal transplant recipients who required postoperative indwelling urethral catheterization and who were in reverse isolation. The patients were catheterized for an average of 6 days. Bladder bacteriuria occurred in 5 patients (27 per cent): 2 owing to urethral organisms, 2 after breaks in the drainage system and 1 owing to an unidentified source. The drainage bag urine was contaminated rarely and never was a source of bladder bacteriuria. The data suggest that bacterial contamination of the drainage bag may be an infrequent source of bladder bacteriuria in patients with limited contact with a hospital environment.
Sub-micron fracture mechanism in silica-based glasses activated by permanent densification from high-strain loading

Abstract Several silica-based glasses were fractured at high strain energy via drop-weight testing on small specimens. A cylindrical specimen geometry was chosen to promote initially simple, axisymmetric, and uniform compressive loading. The imposed uniaxial compressive strain at impact was sufficiently high to qualitatively cause permanent densification. Produced fragments were collected for postmortem and a fraction of them, for all the silica-based glasses, consistently had distinct sub-micron-sized fractures (~ 300–1000 nm), designated here as “microkernels”, on their surfaces. They would most often appear as a sub-micron pore on the fragment - apparently if the microkernel had popped out as a consequence of the local crack plane running through it, tensile-strain release, and the associated formation of the fragment it was on. No fractographic evidence was found to show the microkernels were associated with local failure initiation. However, their positioning and habit sometimes suggested they were associated with localized crack branching and that they could have influenced secondary fracturing that occurred during overall crushing and comminution and associated fragment size and shape creation. The size range of these microkernels is much too small to affect structural flexure strength of these glasses for most applications but are of a size and concentration that may affect their ballistic, shock, crush, and comminution responses when permanent densification is concomitantly occurring.
Cancer-to-Cancer Metastasis

The development of another separate primary cancer in a patient with 1 malignant tumor is not uncommon but metastasis of a malignant donor tumor to a different host tumor is extremely rare. Most recipient tumors have been primary renal cell carcinomas. We report a case of metastasis of a malignant melanoma to a renal cell carcinoma.
The sub-prime crisis and the aftermath, 2007–2014

With the Great Recession of 2007–2014 (and counting), the US appeared once again to be the epicenter of global financial crises as it was in the Great Depression of 1929–1933. Just as the stock market panic in New York on October 29, 1929 is a convenient marker for the start of the Great Depression worldwide, so the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers investment bank on September 15, 2008 marks when the crisis in pricing sub-prime mortgages in the US caused global financial turmoil. It is natural in both cases to blame the US and the failures of its policy makers for the global economic difficulties that followed. Later analyses of the sequence of events leading up to and following the stock market crash of 1929, however, have painted quite a different picture of the Great Depression. As noted in previous chapters, Britain, France, and Germany all had important roles to play in initiating the Great Depression as well as prolonging it. Subsequent analysis of the sub-prime crisis that brought down Lehman Brothers in 2008 and caused worldwide financial panic may also identify other, deeper causes than simply a series of missteps by US policy makers. For example, the first signs of trouble in the international financial system in 2007 showed up in Germany, just as they had with the Great Depression of 1929–1933. In early August 2007, IKB Deutsche Industriebank in Germany had to get a capital injection of $4.8 billion from a consortium of German banks. IKB's Special Investment Vehicle (SIV) had invested in an exotic Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) created by Goldman Sachs in the US, which it now found was worthless. (Eventually, the Goldman Sachs trader who had sold the CDO to IKB, Fabrice Tourre, was convicted of fraudulent felonies, barred from the securities industry, and fined $825,000 for his misdeeds. Avoiding a prison sentence somehow, he decided to work on a PhD at the University of Chicago as of August 2014.) The exotic financial product that Tourre had put together to appeal to European investors like IKB combined high yields with certification by a reputable intermediary. IKB, coping with the new financial market created by the EMU, was searching for higher-yielding investments than were available in the European markets.
Methods of analyzing behavior patterns

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the methods of analyzing patterns of behavior from the perspective of the inductive approach with an emphasis on the individual organism and close inspection of data. The Experimental Analysis of Behavior is founded on the premise that behavior is orderly. The goal for any investigator is to account for as much regularity in behavior as possible by pointing to critical environmental determinants of the behavior. Several analysis methods for behavior patterns also have been developed by more ethologically oriented investigators. Martin and Bateson's short and easy introductory text is recommended for investigators new to the idea of analyzing behavior patterns. Regularities in behavior do occur at more local levels. Local response rates refer to rate calculated over some time period shorter than the full session length. Several investigators have developed techniques to record and control local response rates directly.
Flow and the Art of ERP Education

As ERP systems have become a part of most organizations, universities have responded by incorporating these systems into their curriculum. This research looks at how the use of a simulation game can be used to enhance student learning through student engagement and learning intentions. Drawing upon flow literature and expectation-confirmation theory, this study presents an Attitude Change Model of game-based ERP Learning. In particular, this study focuses on how student immersion influences satisfaction and attitude change in ERP learning.
Human Posterior Insula Functional Connectivity Differs Between Electrical Pain and the Resting State

Abstract The objective in this study was to directly compare MRI-based functional connectivity between conditions of rest and painful electrical nerve stimulation for key regions involved in pain processing: the anterior and posterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex. Electric nerve stimulation, rated 7/10 for pain, was delivered to the right index finger of 14 healthy pain-free adult volunteers in four 30-sec blocks and continuously for 2 min. Functional connectivity maps obtained at rest and during both pain tasks were compared using seed time courses from the left anterior and posterior insula and anterior cingulate. Significant Pain versus Rest connectivity differences were consistently shown for the posterior insula, notably to the posterior cingulate and precuneus, while minimal and inconsistent differences were observed for the anterior insula and anterior cingulate. This study reinforces the known differences that can occur with changes in seed region selection in functional connectivity a...
Abstract 2651: MK2206 disrupts cytoplasmic AKT-p21 complex in mantle cell lymphoma: Evidence of p21 coupled cell cycle arrest

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas with poor response to conventional chemotherapy. MCL has several deregulated signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a proto-oncogene that has emerged recently as a major focus of target due of its critical regulatory role in diverse cellular processes, including cancer development. We hypothesized that inhibition of AKT activation through an inhibitor, MK2206 or stable knockdown of AKT expression via Lentiviral shAKT would result in cytotoxicity and sensitize MCL cells to chemotherapeutic drug such as bendamustine. MCL cell lines (Jeko-1 and Mino) were treated either with MK2206 (2.5 or 5μM) or bendamustine (15 or 30μM) for 24hr and molecular changes or cell death were evaluated by immunoblot or Annexin-V-PI FACS analysis, respectively. MK2206 treatment significantly reduced pAKTser473 or its target pBADser110 phosphorylation in both cell lines. Further, MK2206 treatment resulted in growth arrest in both Jeko-1 and Mino cells via p21Cip1/WAF1 upregulation. Preliminary studies on immunoprecipitaion with anti-AKT antibody and cell fraction revealed that MK2206 treatment disrupts cytoplasmic AKT-p21 complex and enhanced p21-nuclear PCNA interaction in both Jeko-1 and Mino cells thereby allowing more p21Cip1/WAF1 to accumulate into the nucleus leading to p21 coupled S-phase changes in Jeko-1 (control = 41% vs MK2206 treated = 28%) and Mino (control = 54% vs MK2206 = 39%). Genetic and stable lentiviral knockdown of AKT resulted in similar impact on S-phase progression in Jeko-1 (control = 58% vs shAKT = 34%) and sensitized cells to bendamustine (15μM for 24hr) -induced cell death in Mino (control shRNA = 12%, bendamustine alone = 44%, and shAKT plus bendamustine = 68%, p Citation Format: Aloke Kumar Sarkar. MK2206 disrupts cytoplasmic AKT-p21 complex in mantle cell lymphoma: Evidence of p21 coupled cell cycle arrest. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2651. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2651
Lobe-cleft instability in the buoyant gravity current generated by estuarine outflow

Gravity currents represent a broad class of geophysical flows including turbidity currents, powder avalanches, pyroclastic flows, sea breeze fronts, haboobs, and river plumes. A defining feature in many gravity currents is the formation of three-dimensional lobes and clefts along the front and researchers have sought to understand these ubiquitous geophysical structures for decades. The prevailing explanation is based largely on early laboratory and numerical model experiments at much smaller scales, which concluded that lobes and clefts are generated due to hydrostatic instability exclusively in currents propagating over a nonslip boundary. Recent studies suggest that frontal dynamics change as the flow scale increases, but no measurements have been made that sufficiently resolve the flow structure in full-scale geophysical flows. Here we use thermal infrared and acoustic imaging of a river plume to reveal the three-dimensional structure of lobes and clefts formed in a geophysical gravity current front. The observed lobes and clefts are generated at the front in the absence of a nonslip boundary, contradicting the prevailing explanation. The observed flow structure is consistent with an alternative formation mechanism, which predicts that the lobe scale is inherited from subsurface vortex structures.
How) Do Economic Governance and Location Choices (Jointly) Affect Performance

This paper evaluates the performance consequences of decisions regarding the organization and location of economic activity. While theory leveraging transaction cost logic suggests how the alignmen...
Integrated polarization-selective microring resonators and beam taps via topographically anisotropic photonics

Topographically anisotropic photonics is used to demonstrate polarization-selective microring resonators and beam taps. Both fabricated devices exhibit strong polarization-selectivity. The beam tap is shown to be broadband, as it retains this selectivity over a bandwidth of over 80 nm.
Forming Connected Topologies in Bluetooth Ad- hoc Networks - An Algorithmic Perspective

This paper represents a first step in exploring the formation of connected topologies in ad-hoc networks built on the Bluetooth technology. Connectivity is the most basic requirement for any system aimed at allowing devices to communicate with each other and in this paper we illustrate that this seemingly innocuous goal gives rise to many significant challenges in the context of the Bluetooth technology. We start with a brief overview of Bluetooth and its operation and then identify some of the major problems the technology faces when used to build ad-hoc networks. The paper's contributions are in introducing basic algorithmic problems associated with building connected Bluetooth, networks and in developing several possible solutions capable of generating “good” connected topologies.
Pregnancy in the Bariatric Patient

There is an increasing trend toward morbid obesity in women of childbearing age and a subsequent increase in number of weight reduction surgeries, in these individuals. Thus, pregnancy following weight loss surgery is increasingly encountered in clinical practice. A multidisciplinary team is needed to address these patients as they pose specific surgical, medical, and obstetric challenges. This chapter describes common considerations relating to pregnant bariatric surgical patients.
Familiar Mental Phenomena

The thesis of Rescher’s Conceptual Idealisn.1is that fundamental categories we use to organize and express our beliefs about the world, in particular about things which are not minds, are mind-dependent concepts. They are mind-dependent in a stronger sense than the obvious trivial one, namely that it is minds whose knowledge, or putative knowledge, is framed in those concepts. But what stronger sense is involved is less easy to state in a general form, since several different theses are put forward, and the emphasis varies as Rescher treats different individual concepts. I want to explore the varies of mind-involvement Rescher find, the connection between one sort and other sorts, and to raise for each of them the question ‘what sort of self-knowledge is implied by the thesis of conceptual idealism?’
EEG Role in Psychiatric Emergencies

This chapter reviews the available literature on possible roles for the standard EEG in psychiatric emergencies. As of the writing of this book, EEG hardly plays any role in the diagnostic work-up or the management of patients in psychiatric emergencies despite a significant literature as reviewed below. The emphasis of this chapter, as in rest of the book, is to highlight the gaps in our knowledge that are necessary to support an increased role of the EEG in psychiatric emergencies. We begin with acute catatonia and then discuss conditions where it is difficult to assess mental status and end with some discussion of the ambulatory nonconvulsive status epilepticus (ANCSE).
Childhood Sexual Abuse Increases Risks for Eating Disorder Symptoms and Eating Disorder-Related Health Problems in Females

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is implicated in the etiology of eating disorders (ED) and health problems in females, but prospective evidence is limited. ED symptoms are widespread but often undertreated, potentially contributing to subsequent ED-related health problems. Using data from Trickett and colleagues’ Female Growth and Development Study, the present report investigated the prospective associations among CSA, ED symptomatology in adolescence, and ED-related health problems in adulthood. Females with substantiated CSA and demographically-matched comparisons (N = 135) were followed at mean ages 11 through 24. Symptom counts and diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) over the lifetime were assessed in adolescence. Self-reported physical health problems were assessed in adulthood. Controlling for depression, anxiety, and age, CSA participants reported more symptoms and related health problems of BN, but not AN, relative to comparisons. CSA was not associated with the likelihood of receiving a diagnosis for either ED. BN symptom count accounted for a portion of the association between CSA and increased BN-related health problems. This report provided prospective evidence for the associations between CSA and BN symptoms and BN-related health problems. These findings support the recommendations to bolster resources and expertise for trauma-informed ED screening and treatment, ED treatments for patients with subthreshold symptoms, and enhanced treatments addressing ED and health problems for sexual abuse survivors.
SERIAL ECHOCARDIOGRAMS REVEAL OCCULT CORONARY DILATION IN PATIENTS WITH KAWASAKI DISEASE

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute childhood vasculitis that can lead to coronary dilation and aneurysm. Historically, a dichotomous definition for coronary outcomes has existed, however more recently an intermediate group has been described termed “occult dilation” (OD) defined as patients with
Pengembangan Bahasa Anak Dengar pada Anak Usia Dini dari Keluarga Orangtua Tunarungu

Abstrak Pemerolehan bahasa anak dengar pada anak usia dini yang mempunyai orangtua tunarungu yang pertama tetap berasal dari lingkungan keluarga. Pengembangan bahasa anak dengar pada anak usia dini yang berasal dari keluarga orang tua yang tunarungu bisa dilihat dari faktor kebahasaan dan non-kebahasaan. Adapun berdasarkan faktor kebahasaan meliputi unsur pelafalan, penggunaan intonasi, pemilihan kata, struktur kalimat dan gaya bahasa. Faktor non kebahasaan ditentukan oleh situasi, tempat, dan penguasaan materi. Faktor penghambat pengembangan kemampuan bahasa anak dengar pada anak usia dini yang mempunyai orangtua tunarungu antara lain adalah faktor lingkungan. Sedangkan faktor pendukung adalah perhatian orangtua akan kebutuhan bahasa anak dipenuhi dengan membelikan buku-buku bergambar sehingga anak bisa memahami dan melafalkannya.
Faculty Leadership and Institutional Resilience: Indicators, Promising Practices, and Key Questions

Shared governance has become a critical focus for senior leaders concerned with institutional resilience and effectiveness. A blue-ribbon commission of the Association of Governing Boards of Univer...
Faculty Engagement in Internationalization: The Role of Personal Agency Beliefs.

As higher education in the United States has experienced a proliferation of internationalization activities, there has been a steady stream of studies directed at understanding institutional rationales for internationalization. Further, an emerging body of research seeks to understand faculty motivations of international involvement. However, scant attention has been devoted to understanding the role of personal agency beliefs in facilitating faculty international engagement. This study, part of a larger project, draws on in-depth interviews with fifteen faculty to address this topic. The findings show that strong efficacy beliefs and positive perceptions about organizational context are strong influences on faculty behavior relative to international engagement.
Toward a Secure and Decentralized Blockchain-based Ride-Hailing Platform for Autonomous Vehicles

Ride-hailing and ride-sharing applications have recently gained in popularity as a convenient alternative to traditional modes of travel. Current research into autonomous vehicles is accelerating rapidly and will soon become a critical component of a ride-hailing platform's architecture. Implementing an autonomous vehicle ride-hailing platform proves a difficult challenge due to the centralized nature of traditional ride-hailing architectures. In a traditional ride-hailing environment the drivers operate their own personal vehicles so it follows that a fleet of autonomous vehicles would be required for a centralized ride-hailing platform to succeed. Decentralization of the ride-hailing platform would remove a road block along the way to an autonomous vehicle ride-hailing platform by allowing owners of autonomous vehicles to add their vehicle to a community driven fleet when not in use. Blockchain technology is an attractive choice for this decentralized architecture due to its immutability and fault tolerance. This paper proposes a framework for developing a decentralized ride-hailing architecture implemented on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform. The implementation is evaluated using a static analysis tool and performing a performance analysis under heavy network load.
Surveillance of Physical Activity: Actions Needed to Support New Federal Guidelines.

[Extract] Physical activity can provide important health benefits for persons in virtually every segment of the population. That is the core premise underlying the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, Second Edition (PAG).1 The 2018 guidelines were informed by an exhaustive review of the scientific evidence linking higher physical activity to a remarkable number of health benefits,1 ranging from better bone health in preschoolers to enhanced functional status in older persons with multiple chronic conditions. Unfortunately, most Americans do not meet the PAG, and there are profound disparities in physical activity across demographic groups.2 Hence, for the bulk of the population, even a modest increase in physical activity would provide demonstrable health benefits. Limited progress has been made in increasing physical activity in the United States,1 and this points to the need for comprehensive and well-resourced public health initiatives aimed at helping millions of Americans move toward meeting the PAG.
Washington State Surgeon Perspectives on Quality Measures in the Surgical Care of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women

AbstractIntroduction:No consensus exists on outcomes that define high quality care in female stress urinary incontinence management. A working group of surgeons from diverse health care settings in...
An insight-related neural reward signal

Abstract Moments of insight, a phenomenon of creative cognition in which an idea suddenly emerges into awareness as an “Aha!” are often reported to be affectively positive experiences. We tested the hypothesis that problem-solving by insight is accompanied by neural reward processing. We recorded high-density EEGs while participants solved a series of anagrams. For each solution, they reported whether the answer had occurred to them as a sudden insight or whether they had derived it deliberately and incrementally (i.e., “analytically’). Afterwards, they filled out a questionnaire that measures general dispositional reward sensitivity. We computed the time-frequency representations of the EEGs for trials with insight (I) solutions and trials with analytic (A) solutions and subtracted them to obtain an I-A time-frequency representation for each electrode. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analyses tested for significant I-A and reward-sensitivity effects. SPM revealed the time, frequency, and scalp locations of several I > A effects. No A > I effect was observed. The primary neural correlate of insight was a burst of (I > A) gamma-band oscillatory activity over prefrontal cortex approximately 500 ms before participants pressed a button to indicate that they had solved the problem. We correlated the I-A time-frequency representation with reward sensitivity to discover insight-related effects that were modulated by reward sensitivity. This revealed a separate anterior prefrontal burst of gamma-band activity, approximately 100 ms after the primary I-A insight effect, which we interpreted to be an insight-related reward signal. This interpretation was supported by source reconstruction showing that this signal was generated in part by orbitofrontal cortex, a region associated with reward learning and hedonically pleasurable experiences such as food, positive social experiences, addictive drugs, and orgasm. These findings support the notion that for many people insight is rewarding. Additionally, these results may explain why many people choose to engage in insight-generating recreational and vocational activities such as solving puzzles, reading murder mysteries, creating inventions, or doing research. This insight-related reward signal may be a manifestation of an evolutionarily adaptive mechanism for the reinforcement of exploration, problem solving, and creative cognition.
Detection and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by multiplex real-time PCR

Objective To develop a rapid, sensitive and specific assay based on multiplex real-time PCR for detecting and identifying Escherichia coli O157: H7. Methods The lipopolysaccharide gene (rJbE) and H7 flagellar antigen gene(fliC) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was chosen as targets, and then the primers and TaqMan-MGB probe were designed. The 5'end of probes was labeled with FAM and HEX fluo-resceins respectively; the 3'end of probes was labeled with MGB. The PCR reaction was optimized systemati-cally. Then the specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of multiplex real-time PCR were estimated. Final-ly, multiplex real-time PCR was applied to detected clinical specimens. Results Escherichia coil O157:H7 were detected by multiplex real-time PCR accurately and quickly, which could distinguish Escherichia coli O157:H7 from O157: non-H7. Meanwhile, none of other bacteria could be identified. The sensitivity was 10 CFU/ml in pure culture. The coefficient of variation of intra-assay and inter-assay was less than 5%. When this assay was applied directly to identify 66 clinical specimens, the results showed that t5 were positive to Escherichia coil O157:H7 and 2 were positive to Escherichia coil O157: non-H7, in which 16 was the same to the results obtained from the conventional assays. The coincidence was 98.49%. Conclusion It is showed that multiplex real-time PCR is a reliable, accurate and feasible assay for detecting and identifying Escherich-ia coli Oi57: H7, The assay reported here provided a tool for analysis and diagnosis in the field of detecting clinical pathogens, epidemiologic survey and food safety monitoring. Key words: Multiplex real-time PCR; Escherichia coli O157: H7; Detection
Relations between parent-child interaction and children's engagement and learning at a museum exhibit about electric circuits.

Play is critical for children's learning, but there is significant disagreement over whether and how parents should guide children's play. The objective of the current study was to examine how parent-child interaction affected children's engagement and problem-solving behaviors when challenged with similar tasks. Parents and 4- to 7-year-old children in the U.S. (N = 111 dyads) played together at an interactive electric circuit exhibit in a children's museum. We examined how parents and children set and accomplished goals while playing with the exhibit materials. Children then participated in a set of challenges that involved completing increasingly difficult circuits. Children whose parents set goals for their interactions showed less engagement with the challenge task (choosing to attempt fewer challenges), and children whose parents were more active in completing the circuits while families played with the exhibit subsequently completed fewer challenges on their own. We discuss these results in light of broader findings on the role of parent-child interaction in museum settings.
The Girl Was Watered by the Flower: Effects of Working Memory Loads on Syntactic Production in Young Children

Working memory is necessary for a wide variety of cognitive abilities. Developmental work has shown that as working memory capacities increase, so does the ability to successfully perform other cog...