cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B13: Prostate cancer immunotherapy development using tumor-specific CAR design

Prostate cancer that has progressed to metastatic disease remains largely untreatable. One of the most promising modalities for treatment of advanced cancer is immunotherapy based on adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes. It was demonstrated that T lymphocytes expressing tumor-specific chimeric artificial receptor (CAR) exert potent anti-tumor activity upon adoptive transfer into tumor-bearing host. Recent studies identified Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and ligands for NK cell –activating receptors (e.g. NKG2D ligands) as the targets primarily expressed on tumor cells but absent on most normal tissues. We generated two sets of chimeric DNA constructs: CAR-PSMA and CAR-NKG2D, that can be used for transduction of human T cells. Both of them consist of an antigen-recognizing domain bound to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of various signal-transducing and/or cell-activating molecules and a signaling molecule. Extracellular antigen-recognizing domain of CAR-PSMA consists of single chain anti-PSMA antibody (scFv) while in another construct set it is human NKG2D receptor. Intracellular CD3 ξ-chain functions as a signaling molecule triggering T-cell activation. Co-stimulatory proteins CD28, CD40L or OX40L which can compensate for the lack of co-stimulation from the target tumor cell are either fused to CD3 ξ-chain as intracellular domains or are expressed on cell surface from bi-cistronic constructs. Upon transduction of human T cells with these constructs, transduced cells presented surface expression of the chimeric scFv anti-PSMA or NKG2D, respectively. In vitro experiments demonstrated specific binding activity and cytotoxicity of human T lymphocytes expressing anti-PSMA or NKG2D CARs against prostate cancer cells which creates the basis for a viable prostate cancer immunotherapy development. *VP and SK contributed equally to the project. Citation Format: Victor Prima, Sergei Kusmartsev, Johannes Vieweg. Prostate cancer immunotherapy development using tumor-specific CAR design. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
A capillary feeder (CAFE) assay to measure food consumption and diet choice of individual honey bees

Methods for quantifying food consumption are a vital resource for the evaluation of nutritional decisions made by animals. The Capillary Feeder (CAFE) assay has been widely applied to study individual food consumption in the fruit fly, Drosophila. The current methodology is limited in its ability to precisely quantify the feeding behavior of larger insects such as honey bees over long durations. We present the detailed design for a modified CAFE assay suitable for the honey bee (Apis mellifera), a typical data-set that can be collected from this assay, and discuss the possible experimental uses of the modified assay.
Nanostructured aluminum oxide thin film-based fluorescent sensing: Effects of nanopore size, density and thickness

Herein, the effects of the nanopore size, the nanopore density and the thickness of the nanostructured aluminum oxide (NAO) thin film on the fluorescence enhancement are reported for the first time. It has been found that the fluorescence enhancement of the NAO thin film can be tuned by changing the nanopore size and density. Also, the fluorescence enhancement shows big change when the thickness of NAO thin film increases from 1.1 μm to 2.4 μm, but small variations have been observed when the thickness of NAO thin film changes between 2.4 μm to 4.4 μm. These experiments suggest the possible optimum fluorescence enhancement of the NAO thin film by modifying the dimensional parameters of the NAO. In addition, the enhanced single yeast cell fluorescence imaging on the NAO thin film has also been demonstrated.
THE INSTITUTIONAL CONSERVATION PROGRAM: A SUCCESS STORY

ABSTRACT The Institutional Conservation Program (ICP) is a voluntary grant program to help nonprofit institutions–schools, hospitals, local governments and public care facilities–save energy. I have the opportunity of administering this exciting program in our six mid-western states. This paper presents: 1. A program overview, including legislative authority, elements of the program, funding, and accomplishments. 2. The results of evaluations conducted for the Department of Energy (DOE), and independently, to determine the success of ICP in achieving its goals. 3. Typical case studies in the Midwest. 4. A review and evaluation of Midwest building data obtained from our computerized management information system. 5. An overview of innovative financing for schools and financial planning for energy efficient investments.
Lessons and experiences of a DIY smart home

As our daily lives become busier and more complicated, owning a smart home is increasingly becoming a necessity rather than a luxury. Surveillance systems are heavily utilized by police departments to assist in solving crimes. People rely on surveillance systems to provide them with real-time events taking place inside and outside properties they own. The probability that a smart homeowner can act sooner than later when emergencies arise provides the homeowner a sense of security. In an emergency, time is of the essence and a smart home equipped with the right tools and devices can give a smart homeowner an edge over his/her non-smart home counterpart. Therefore, it is important that the process of converting a home to a smart one is not a complex one. The ease of installation, operation, and maintenance of smart home devices unarguably plays an important role in the wide spread use of smart homes around us. This paper mainly discusses early experiences related to the installation of a surveillance system, the challenges faced during installation, problems encountered after installation, and a glimpse into future work. It presents areas and issues in a smart home that require more investigation in the hope of intriguing researchers to further study smart homes and tackle existing issues.
Prairie Pothole Region Wetlands and Subsurface Drainage Systems: Key Factors for Determining Drainage Setback Distances

Abstract Use of agricultural subsurface drainage systems in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America continues to increase, prompting concerns over potential negative effects to the Region's vital wetlands. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service protects a large number of wetlands through conservation easements that often utilize standard lateral setback distances to provide buffers between wetlands and drainage systems. Because of a lack of information pertaining to the efficacy of these setback distances for protecting wetlands, information is required to support the decision making for placement of subsurface drainage systems adjacent to wetlands. We used qualitative graphical analyses and data comparisons to identify characteristics of subsurface drainage systems and wetland catchments that could be considered when assessing setback distances. We also compared setback distances with catchment slope lengths to determine if they typically exclude drainage systems from the catchment. We demonstrated that ...
Nanostructured surfaces from high-density grafted poly (acrylic acid) with liquid-like property

Abstract Nanostructured surfaces have unique properties that can be used in many applications. Among different methods on creating nanostructured surfaces, we successfully assembled various nanostructures on one and the same high-density poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) grafted surfaces by conducting vacuum-mediated rapid phase separation in appropriately selected solvents. This not only increased the efficiency of creating surfaces with multiple structure patterns, also such nanostructured surfaces had improved biocompatibility and demonstrated liquid-like properties. Conducted experiments also proved that lanthanide ion Ce immobilized on nanostructured PAA grafted surfaces behaved the same as in the aqueous solution, attaining high illumination. In addition, good cell stretching and attaching experiment also present its potential in tissue engineering applications.
The psychotherapy of core borderline psychopathology.

The understanding and treatment of aloneness is at the core of working with borderline personality disorder patients. The origins of this aloneness will be explored, and related to its manifestatio...
Crystal structure of hexa-μ-chlorido-μ 4 -oxido-tetra-kis-{[1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1 H -imidazole-κ N 3 ]copper(II)} containing short NO 2 ⋯NO 2 contacts.

The title tetra-nuclear copper complex, [Cu4Cl6O(C6H9N3O3)4] or [Cu4Cl6O-(MET)4] [MET is 1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole or metronidazole], contains a tetra-hedral arrangement of copper(II) ions. Each copper atom is also linked to the other three copper atoms in the tetra-hedron via bridging chloride ions. A fifth coordination position on each metal atom is occupied by a nitro-gen atom of the monodentate MET ligand. The result is a distorted CuCl3NO trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedron with the axial positions occupied by oxygen and nitro-gen atoms. The extended structure displays O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, as well as unusual short O⋯N inter-actions [2.775 (4) A] between the nitro groups of adjacent clusters that are oriented perpendicular to each other. The scattering contribution of disordered water and methanol solvent mol-ecules was removed using the SQUEEZE procedure [Spek (2015 ▸). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-16] in PLATON [Spek (2009 ▸). Acta Cryst. D65, 148-155].
Follicular regulatory T cells inhibit the development of granzyme B-expressing follicular helper T cells

T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells are found in the germinal center (GC) response and help shape the antibody (Ab) response. However, the precise role of TFR cells in the GC is controversial. Here, we addressed TFR cell function using mice with impaired TFR cell development (Bcl6-flox/Foxp3-cre, or Bcl6FC mice), mice with augmented TFR cell development (Blimp1-flox/Foxp3-cre, or Blimp1FC mice), and two different methods of immunization. Unexpectedly, GC B cell levels positively correlated with TFR cell levels. Using a gene profiling approach, we found that TFH cells from TFR-deficient mice showed strong upregulation of granzyme B (Gzmb) and other effector CD8+ T cell genes, many of which were Stat4 dependent. The upregulation of cytotoxic genes was the highest in TFH cells from TFR-deficient mice where Blimp1 was also deleted in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Bcl6-flox/Prdm1-flox/Foxp3-cre [DKO] mice). Granzyme B- and Eomesodermin-expressing TFH cells correlated with a higher rate of apoptotic GC B cells. Klrg1+ TFH cells from DKO mice expressed higher levels of Gzmb. Our data show that TFR cells repress the development of abnormal cytotoxic TFH cells, and the presence of cytotoxic TFH cells correlates with a lower GC and Ab response. Our data show what we believe is a novel mechanism of action for TFR cells helping the GC response.
The association between neighborhood social cohesion and sleep duration in Latinos.

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the association between neighborhood social cohesion and sleep duration among Latinos, and whether this association varies by Latino subgroup.DesignWe used cross-sectio...
Transplantation without pretransplant therapy: Is this a possibility? Insights into providing transplantation at diagnosis for patients with acute leukemia.

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has the potential for providing a cure for several hematologic malignancies. Although in most circumstances, allogeneic HSCT is preceded by disease-directed or cytoreductive therapy, it is unclear if these toxic conditioning regimens can be circumvented. This review summarizes evidence that will provide insights into factors that influence outcomes in allogeneic HSCT and whether this curative therapy could be used right at diagnosis.
A Novel Design of Proton Computed Tomography Detected by Multiple‐Layer Ionization Chamber with Strip Chambers: A Feasibility Study with Monte Carlo Simulation

Purpose Uncertainty in proton range can be reduced by proton computed tomography (CT). A novel design of proton CT using a multiple-layer ionization chamber with two strip ionization chambers on the surface is proposed to simplify the imaging acquisition and reconstruction. Methods Two strip ionization chambers facing the proton source were coupled into a multiple-layer ionization chamber (MLIC). The strip chambers measured locations and lateral profiles of incident proton beamlets after exiting the imaging object, while the integral of depth dose measured in the MLIC was translated into the residual energy of the beamlet. The simulation was performed at five levels of imaging dose to demonstrate the feasibility and performance expectations of our design. The energy of the proton beamlet was set to 150 ± 0.6 MeV. A collimator with a round slit of 1 cm in diameter was placed in the central beam axis upstream from steering magnets. Proton stopping power ratio (SPR) was reconstructed through inverse radon transform on sinograms generated with proton beamlets scanning through an imaging phantom from a half-circle gantry rotation. The imaging phantom was 10 cm in diameter. The base was made of water-equivalent material holding 13-tissue equivalent inserts constructed according to ICRP 1975 (Task Group on Reference Man. "Report of the Task Group on Reference Man: A Report", Pergamon Press 23, 1975). All inserts were 1 cm in diameter with materials ranging from lung to cortical bone. Percentage discrepancies were reported by comparing to the ground truths. The imaging dose and quality were also evaluated. Results The maximum deviation in reconstructed proton SPR from the ground truths was reported to be 1.02% in one of the 13 inserts when the number of protons per beamlet passing through the slit dropped to 103 . Imaging dose was correlated linearly to incident protons and was determined to be 0.54 cGy if 5 × 102 protons per beamlet were used. Imaging quality was acceptable for planning purpose and held consistently through all levels of imaging dose. Spatial resolution was measured as five line pairs per cm consistently in all simulations varying in imaging dose. Conclusions Proton CT using a multiple-layer ionization chamber with two strip ionization chambers on the surface simplifies data acquisition while achieving excellent accuracy in proton SPR and acceptable spatial resolution. The imaging dose is lower compared to kV CBCT, making it potentially a great tool for localization and plan adaption in proton therapy.
Evaluation of multiple active learning strategies in a pharmacology course.

Abstract Background and purpose The objectives of this study were to implement multiple active learning strategies in pharmacology and evaluate the most effective method to promote understanding. Educational activity and setting A structured, student-centered learning approach was launched. The implemented active learning strategies were Kahoot web-based interactive games, crossword puzzles, an instructional video, a music video, and fill-in-the-blank tables. For three consecutive years, several topics in pharmacology were taught by the same instructor. While traditional teaching was used for the class of 2016, the above-mentioned active learning strategies were utilized for the classes of 2017 and 2018. Student perceptions on traditional teaching vs. active learning and on the different active learning methods were determined by anonymous survey. The effectiveness of active learning on understanding pharmacology concepts was detected by extracting student performance data from ExamSoft item analysis. Findings Based on exam performance assessment, students in the classes of 2017 and 2018 performed significantly better when fill-in-the-blank activities and videos were utilized. However, students believed that web-based games helped them better understand concepts. Variables between the classes of 2016, 2017, and 2018 were minimized through comparison of the same lecture topics and having the same instructor write exam questions. Summary Although students perceived Kahoot web-based interactive gaming as the most valuable active learning strategy, fill-in-the-blank activities and videos were more effective in understanding the pharmacology concepts as measured by their exam performance.
The Orlando Furioso Atlas: A Digital-Cartographic Study of a Sixteenth-Century Epic

This article describes the genesis, architecture, and scholarly and pedagogical implications of the Orlando furioso Atlas (http://furiosoatlas.com). Ludovico Ariosto’s sixteenth-century narrative p...
Rare Vascular Tumors

Vascular tumors are rare entities that, in the last decade, have undergone revisions in their classification. Specifically, these tumors are divided into benign, locally aggressive rare vascular tumors and malignant vascular tumors. This improved classification schema has resulted in accurate diagnosis and appropriate management algorithms. This chapter describes benign, locally aggressive rare tumors and malignant vascular tumors found in children and young adults including clinical findings, pathologic evaluation, and treatment utilized for management.
Disclosing Bribes in Disguise: Campaign Contributions as Implicit Bribery and Enforcing Violations Impartially

Few Americans would question the appropriateness of assessing criminal sanctions on public officials who accept bribes in exchange for returning influence or power by wrongly capitalizing on their access to government resources. Less clear, is how government officials, federal courts, and election law scholars should solve problems relating to implicit forms of bribery that involve campaign contributions. Complicating this issue is the central role of privately funded campaigns in American elections and the idea that government officials should be able to actively solicit campaign contributions in order to run successful campaigns. Thus, any reforms in this area must strike a careful balance to avoid violating the First Amendment protections afforded to those participating in political campaigns.Accordingly, this paper attempts to address this void by arguing that implicit quid pro quo agreements between members of Congress and campaign contributors are worthy of disclosure. This paper argues that the most desirable way of addressing implicit quid pro quo agreements involving campaign contributions or independent expenditures is through non-criminal remedies that impose civil fines on members of Congress who fail to disclose these relationships under a new statute. The first part of this statute would require members of Congress to disclose solicitations when the member of Congress “knowingly” requests a campaign contribution or independent expenditure that is reasonably likely to return a tangible benefit to the contributor. The second part of this statute requires members of Congress to disclose campaign contributions and independent expenditures offered or made by the contributor. The final section of this paper suggests ways for Congress to facilitate a more impartial process of enforcing bribery violations without risking an overly politicized process.
A Retrospective on U.S. v. Microsoft: Why Does It Resonate Today

The U.S. v. Microsoft case was filed in 1998, the District Court filed its opinion in 2000, and the D.C. Circuit’s opinion came down in 2001. This article explains why the case continues to stand a...
Production of embryos and a live offspring using post mortem reproductive material from bison (Bison bison bison) originating in Yellowstone National Park, USA.

Abstract Bison from Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have an important genetic history. As one of the few wild herds of bison with no evidence of cattle DNA introgression and a large enough population to maintain genetic diversity, they are considered a conservation priority for the species. Unfortunately, there is a high prevalence of the zoonotic disease brucellosis in the herd. Part of the management strategy for controlling the disease and herd size in YNP is to remove bison from the population during the winter migration out of the park. This interagency management cull provides an opportunity to collect a large number of oocytes from a wild bison population for genetic banking and research purposes. During the winters of 2014–2018, which is the nonbreeding season for bison, oocytes were collected post mortem and used to determine the effects of donor reproductive maturity and pregnancy status on oocyte quality and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes, and to demonstrate the feasibility of producing healthy offspring. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were placed into an in vitro embryo production (IVP) system, and on days 7, 7.5, and 8 of in vitro culture (Day 0 = day of in vitro fertilization) embryos were assessed for developmental stage and quality prior to vitrification. Embryos were then stored in liquid nitrogen until the breeding season when a subset were warmed, cultured for 6 h, evaluated for survival, and transferred to healthy bison recipients. There were no significant differences in the ability of recovered COCs to support blastocyst development based on female reproductive maturity or pregnancy status (juvenile 79/959 (8.2%) vs sexually mature 547/6544 (8.4%); non-pregnant 188/2302 (8.2%) vs pregnant 556/6122 (9.1%)). Following the transfer of 15 embryos to 10 recipients, one healthy female calf was born. This work demonstrates that live offspring can be generated from COCs collected from YNP bison post mortem in the non-breeding season, and that gamete recovery can be a valuable tool for conservation of valuable genetics for this species while mitigating diseases like brucellosis.
Microstructure evolutions upon Ni(Pt) silicidation and the different responses to the metal etch

Abstract Ni(Pt) films were silicided at nominally 400 °C. Electrostatic discharging (ESD) failure of devices occurred, which prompted root cause investigation. The silicide stack on the wafer was Ni(Pt)/Ni2Si(/Si). Flakes of SiO2 emerged on the wafer after the metal etch. With a higher silicidation temperature of 570 °C, the extent of the silicidation was greater. The stack on the wafer became Ni-oxide/Si-oxide/(NiPtx)Si/NiSi(/Si). The flaking issue was resolved and the desired etch selectivity achieved. It is the decomposition of Ni2Si that led to the bi-layer structure of NiSi, and the minimization of free energy that drove the out-diffusion of Ni and Si from the NiSi to form the surface oxides. Ni-oxide formed on Si-oxide because Si-oxide is thermodynamically more stable than Ni-oxide. The two layers of oxides and the density of bond energy of (NiPtx)Si being higher than that of Ni2Si made the stack more resistant to the metal etch and resulted in the desired etch selectivity. No reliability failure was observed after the flaking issue was addressed.
Modeling Assisted Room Temperature Operation of Atomic Precision Advanced Manufacturing Devices

One big challenge of the emerging atomic precision advanced manufacturing (APAM) technology for microelectronics application is to realize APAM devices that operate at room temperature (RT). We demonstrate that semiclassical technology computer aided design (TCAD) device simulation tool can be employed to understand current leakage and improve APAM device design for RT operation. To establish the applicability of semiclassical simulation, we first show that a semiclassical impurity scattering model with the Fermi-Dirac statistics can explain the very low mobility in APAM devices quite well; we also show semiclassical TCAD reproduces measured sheet resistances when proper mobility values are used. We then apply semiclassical TCAD to simulate current leakage in realistic APAM wires. With insights from modeling, we were able to improve device design, fabricate Hall bars, and demonstrate RT operation for the very first time.
Increases in female academic productivity and female mentorship highlight sustained progress in previously identified neurosurgical gender disparities.

OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was performed to understand disparities in the representation of female authorship within the neurosurgical literature and implications for career advancement of women in neurosurgery. METHODS Author names for articles published in 16 of the top neurosurgical journals from 2002 to 2019 were obtained from MEDLINE. The gender of each author was determined using automated prediction methods. Publication trends were compared over time and across subdisciplines. Female authorship was also compared to the proportionate composition of women in the field over time. RESULTS The metadata obtained from 16 major neurosurgical journals yielded 66,546 research articles. Gender was successfully determined for 96% (127,809/133,578) of first and senior authors, while the remainder (3.9%) were unable to be determined through prediction methods. Across all years, 13.3% (8826) of articles had female first authorship and 9.1% (6073) had female senior authorship. Female first authorship increased significantly over time from 5.8% in 2002 to 17.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Female senior authorship also increased significantly over time, from 5.5% in 2002 to 12.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). The journals with the highest proportions of female first authors and senior authors were the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (33.5%) and the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery (23.8%), respectively. Operative Neurosurgery had the lowest fraction of female first (12.4%) and senior (4.7%) authors. There was a significant difference between the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical trainees and the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical first (p < 0.001) and senior (p < 0.001) authors. Articles were also more likely to have a female first author if the senior author of the article was female (OR 2.69, CI 2.52-2.86; p < 0.001). From 1944 to 2019, the Journal of Neurosurgery showed a steady increase in female first and senior authorship, with a plateau beginning in the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS Large meta-analysis techniques have the potential to effectively leverage large amounts of bibliometric data to quantify the representation of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The proportion of female authors in major neurosurgical journals has steadily increased. However, the rate of increase in female senior authorship has lagged behind the rate of increase in first authorship, indicating a disparity in academic advancement in women in neurosurgery.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, central retinal artery occlusion and optic neuropathy: A new association.

Abstract Purpose To report a patient with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) complicated by optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Observations CRMO is a noninfectious, inflammatory bone disorder. It is thought to be an autoimmune condition related to an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Retinal vasculitis has been reported in a patient with CRMO but not CRAO or optic neuropathy. Conclusions We expanded the list of ophthalmic involvement of CRMO to include CRAO and optic neuropathy.
CIRCULAR HYDRAULIC JUMP

Hydraulic jumps involving radial flow, as in diverging stilling basins, have not been properly analyzed. Dynamical considerations disclose that the radial flow jump involves a force not found in the rectangular jump. As a consequence, the sequent depth and energy loss for a radial jump are less and greater respectively than that for a rectangular jump. In addition, experimental findings indicate that the length of the radial jump is less than that of the rectangular jump.
Matchmaking: An extensible framework for distributed resource management

Federated distributed systems present new challenges to resource management. Conventional resource managers are based on a relatively static resource model and a centralized allocator that assigns resources to customers. Distributed environments, particularly those built to support high-throughput computing (HTC), are often characterized by distributed management and distributed ownership. Distributed management introduces resource heterogeneity: Not only the set of available resources, but even the set of resource types is constantly changing. Distributed ownership introduces policy heterogeneity: Each resource may have its own idiosyncratic allocation policy. To address these problems, we designed and implemented the Matchmaking resource management framework. Customers and resources are all described by classified advertisements (classads) written in a simple but powerful formal language that describes their attributes and allocation policies. A Matchmaker server uses a policy-independent matching operation to discover pairings. It notifies the parties to the match, which use a separate, bilateral claiming protocol to confirm the allocation. The resulting framework is robust, scalable and flexible, and can evolve with changing resources. Matchmaking is the core of the Condor High Throughput Computing System developed at the University of Wisconsin – Madison. Condor is a production-quality system used by scientists and engineers at sites around the world. Condor derives much of its flexibility, robustness and efficiency from the matchmaking architecture. We describe the use of matchmaking in Condor, presenting several examples that illustrate its flexibility and expressiveness.
Constitutional Origins of the Rhetorical Presidency

This paper addresses the role of communication in the relationship between the early and contemporary presidency. I argue that the democratic values associated with the early presidency were more compatible with communication than previous accounts suggest. Early ideas about the American presidency created conflicting ideas about the role of the president, suggesting that the president should act as both a patriotic statesman and a partisan politician. The example of Andrew Jackson illustrates how presidents relied on both roles in communications in order to justify their actions. The paper then reexamines the changes to the presidency during the Progressive era, finding that a combination of political context and political values informed Theodore Roosevelt’s contribution to developing a third rhetorical role for the president, that of moral reformer.
An Extension of Holographic Moiré to Micromechanics

The electronic Holographic Moire is an ideal tool for micromechanics studies. It does not require a modification of the surface by the introduction of a reference grating. This is of particular advantage when dealing with materials such as solid propellant grains whose chemical nature and surface finish makes the application of a reference grating very difficult. Traditional electronic Holographic Moire presents some difficult problems when large magnifications are needed and large rigid body motion takes place. This paper presents developments that solves these problems and extends the application of the technique to micromechanics.
Unpacking the relationship between organizational culture and excellent leadership in public relations

Purpose – By looking into the relationship between organizational culture and excellent leadership in public relations, the purpose of this paper is bifold: first, how and to what extent organizational culture can affect leadership effectiveness in communication management; and second, what possible impact excellent leadership in public relations may generate to reshape organizational culture in a way to further support the value of public relations. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was distributed to a randomly selected group of 1,000 senior public relations executives in the USA by using the PR executive database of Heyman Associates, a PR executive search firm in New York City. A final sample of 222 senior public relations executives was recruited. This group of respondents mirrored the characteristics of senior executives in the public relations profession in the USA. Findings – The results identified the reciprocal relationship between organizational culture and excellent leadership in ...
Comment on ‘‘Symmetry and structure of quantized vortices in superfluid ’ 3

Recent theoretical attempts to explain the observed vortex-core phase transition in superfluid $^{3}\mathit{B}$ yield conflicting results. Variational calculations by Fetter and Theodrakis, based on realistic strong-coupling parameters, yield a phase transition in the Ginzburg-Landau region that is in qualitative agreement with the phase diagram. Numerically precise calculations by Salomaa and Volivil (SV), based on the Brinkman-Serene-Anderson (BSA) parameters, do not yield a phase transition between axially symmetric vortices. The ambiguity of these results is in part due to the large differences between the \ensuremath{\beta} parameters, which are inputs to the vortex free-energy functional. We comment on the relative merits of the \ensuremath{\beta} parameters based on recent improvements in the quasiparticle scattering amplitude and the BSA parameters used by SV.
Changes in Right Ventricular Geometry and Heart Rate Early After Hemi-Fontan Procedure

To document and quantitate changes in right ventricular (RV) geometry and heart rate, we prospectively examined 35 consecutive patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome under steady-state conditions (chloral hydrate sedation) before and after a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (hemi-Fontan) procedure. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) was calculated as the product of RV cavity areas in two orthogonal planes divided by RV maximal length in either plane. After the hemi-Fontan procedure, RVEDV decreased by 33% from 33 +/- 13 to 22 +/- 11 mL (mean +/- standard deviation). Indexed RVEDV decreased from 86 +/- 37 to 57 +/- 28 mL/m2. The RV wall thickness at the diaphragm in subcostal frontal view (RVWD) increased by only 11% from 8 +/- 0.2 to 9 +/- 0.2 mm (p = not significant), but RVWD/RVEDV increased by 111% from 0.36 +/- 0.22 to 0.76 +/- 0.69 mm/mL (p = 0.002). The RV anterior wall thickness in subcostal sagittal view (RVWA) increased by only 13% from 7 +/- 0.2 to 8 +/- 0.2 mm (p = not significant), but RVWA/RVEDV increased by 103% from 0.31 +/- 0.20 to 0.63 +/- 0.54 mm/mL (p = 0.002). In 11 of 35 patients (31%), resting heart rate did not change (118 +/- 14 versus 108 +/- 9 beats/min; p = not significant); however, in 24 of 35 patients (69%), heart rate increased significantly (108 +/- 9 versus 127 +/- 10 beats/min; p = 0.05). In conclusion, RV wall thickness is high before the hemi-Fontan procedure and increases slightly in the first postoperative week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detailed comparison of cross-phase modulation efficiency in offset quantum well and centered quantum well intermixed monolithically integrated widely-tunable MZI-SOA wavelength converters

We investigate experimentally the cross-phase modulation efficiencies of monolithic tunable all-optical wavelength converters in both offset quantum-well and centered quantum-well intermixed InP integration platforms. CQW exhibit 60% higher efficiency with full 180 degree phase change possible.
Enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-palau'amine, (-)-axinellamines, and (-)-massadines.

Dimeric pyrrole–imidazole alkaloids represent a rich and topologically unique class of marine natural products. This full account will follow the progression of efforts that culminated in the enantioselective total syntheses of the most structurally ornate members of this family: the axinellamines, the massadines, and palau’amine. A bio-inspired approach capitalizing on the pseudo-symmetry of the members of this class is recounted, delivering a deschloro derivative of the natural product core. Next, the enantioselective synthesis of the chlorocyclopentane core featuring a scalable, catalytic, enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction of a 1-siloxydiene is outlined in detail. Finally, the successful divergent conversion of this core to each of the aforementioned natural products, and the ensuing methodological developments, are described.
Application of artificial neural networks in engine modelling

AbstractA study was conducted to develop an accurate simulation tool with a small computer resource footprint for engine design. The modelling approach uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). The ANN is used to represent engine in-cylinder processes by training the ANN to approximate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results of the engine. The ANN approach was applied to model a turbo-charged direct injection (DI) diesel engine over a wide range of operating conditions. Seven primary diesel engine control parameters were varied over their possible ranges: engine speed, engine load, start of injection, injection pressure, mass in the first injection pulse of a split injection, boost pressure and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The model output includes five quantities: cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, cylinder wall heat transfer, NOX emission and soot emission (the elemental carbon fraction of particulate matters). The cylinder pressure, temperatu...
EBV-associated lymphoma and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in an adult without overt immunodeficiency.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disease occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised states. This type of malignancy nevertheless developed in a woman without overt immunocompromise. She presented with rapidly progressive lower extremity weakness that was consistent with a chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). CIDP has been documented in Hodgkin's disease but rarely in non-Hodgkin's disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by lymph node and sural nerve biopsies and by nerve conduction studies. Prednisone, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide were administered with regression of lymphadenopathy and improvement in neurologic symptoms. EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease can thus develop in the absence of overt immunodeficiency and may trigger a demyelinating polyneuropathy.
MARCH Ubiquitin Ligases Alter the Itinerary of Clathrin-independent Cargo from Recycling to Degradation

Following endocytosis, internalized plasma membrane proteins can be recycled back to the cell surface or trafficked to late endosomes/lysosomes for degradation. Here we report on the trafficking of multiple proteins that enter cells by clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) and determine that a set of proteins (CD44, CD98, and CD147) found primarily in recycling tubules largely failed to reach late endosomes in HeLa cells, whereas other CIE cargo proteins, including major histocompatibility complex class I protein (MHCI), trafficked to both early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and late endosomal compartments in addition to recycling tubules. Expression of the membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (MARCH8) E3 ubiquitin ligase completely shifted the trafficking of CD44 and CD98 proteins away from recycling tubules to EEA1 compartments and late endosomes, resulting in reduced surface levels. Cargo affected by MARCH expression, including CD44, CD98, and MHCI, still entered cells by CIE, suggesting that the routing of ubiquitinated cargo occurs after endocytosis. MARCH8 expression led to direct ubiquitination of CD98 and routing of CD98 to late endosomes/lysosomes.
Careerpreneurs: Lessons from Leading Women Entrepreneurs on Building a Career Without Boundaries

The article reviews the book “Careerpreneurs: Lessons From Leading Women Entrepreneurs on Building a Career Without Boundaries,” by Dorothy Perrin Moore.
Association of Heparin-Resistant Thrombin Activity With Acute Ischemic Complications of Coronary Interventions

Background Acute thrombosis is thought to contribute to abrupt coronary occlusion during percutaneous coronary revascularization despite the administration of heparin and aspirin. This study was designed to detect the presence of heparin-resistant thrombin activity and to define its relationship to the acute ischemic complications of coronary interventions. Methods and Results Plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2), markers of thrombin and factor Xa activity, respectively, were measured in the coronary sinus with heparin-bonded catheters in 58 patients undergoing coronary interventions. Activated coagulation times were maintained >300 seconds by the Hemochron method. Mean FPA levels decreased significantly, from 7.0±0.9 nmol/L before the procedure to 5.2±0.5 nmol/L after the heparin bolus and to 2.9±0.2 nmol/L after the procedure (P=.0001). In 26 patients (45%), FPA levels remained above the threshold for suppression of thrombin activity determined during angiography i...
Uptake of Yolk Very Low Density Lipoprotein by Chicken and Quail Embryos Is Not Mediated by a Homologue of the Oocyte Vitellogenesis Receptor

Abstract In chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryos, a limited amount of yolk engulfment occurs via coated invaginations at the yolk sac membrane apical surface. Because the presence of these so-called “coated pits” is associated with receptor-mediated endocytosis, the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the existence on the yolk sac membrane of receptor sites for the interaction with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), the major component of egg yolk. Ligand blotting experiments revealed the presence of a VLDL-binding protein (Mr ∼95 kDa) in yolk sac membranes of both chicken and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos 8 days of age and older. However, these VLDL-binding proteins were present in very low abundance relative to that of another apolipoprotein B receptor that is found in the plasma membrane of chicken and quail oocytes (the so-called oocyte vitellogenesis receptor [OVR]; Mr 95 kDa). Furthermore, no signals were detected when chicken and quail yolk sac membrane proteins were probed with a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the 14 C-terminal amino acids of the chicken OVR. It was concluded that chicken and quail yolk sac membrane VLDL-binding proteins were structurally different from the chicken OVR and that receptor-mediated endocytosis plays a minor role in the uptake of yolk VLDL by developing avian embryos.
Direct observation of dijets in central Au+Au collisions with STAR

We present first results of azimuthal ( Δ ϕ ) correlations of high transverse momentum ( p T ) hadrons from the high-statistics Au+Au dataset collected at RHIC in 2004. Previous correlations measurements observed the disappearance of back-to-back ( Δ ϕ ∼ π ) correlations in central Au+Au collisions, supporting the emerging picture of parton energy loss in dense QCD matter. In the present analysis, increasing the p T thresholds reveals a narrow back-to-back dijet peak which emerges above the decreasing combinatoric background. We study the possible medium modification of the dijet fragmentation function and compare to models, to place constraints on the nature and magnitude of in-medium energy loss.
Catalysis of hydride transfer in strong acids

Abstract (A) Adamantane and several of its derivates have been found to catalyze intermolecular hydride transfer reactions. They function under a range of conditions from aprotic solutions of aluminum bromide in methylbromide to sulfuric acid.
A Search Engine Backed by Internet-Wide Scanning

Fast Internet-wide scanning has opened new avenues for security research, ranging from uncovering widespread vulnerabilities in random number generators to tracking the evolving impact of Heartbleed. However, this technique still requires significant effort: even simple questions, such as, "What models of embedded devices prefer CBC ciphers?", require developing an application scanner, manually identifying and tagging devices, negotiating with network administrators, and responding to abuse complaints. In this paper, we introduce Censys, a public search engine and data processing facility backed by data collected from ongoing Internet-wide scans. Designed to help researchers answer security-related questions, Censys supports full-text searches on protocol banners and querying a wide range of derived fields (e.g., 443.https.cipher). It can identify specific vulnerable devices and networks and generate statistical reports on broad usage patterns and trends. Censys returns these results in sub-second time, dramatically reducing the effort of understanding the hosts that comprise the Internet. We present the search engine architecture and experimentally evaluate its performance. We also explore Censys's applications and show how questions asked in recent studies become simple to answer.
First fossil chimpanzee

The cover photo by Kevin Langergraber shows the adult female chimpanzee ‘Jolie’ in Kibale National Park, Uganda. This was taken on 16 August 2004, a few weeks before Jolie gave birth to her first infant. This week marks a landmark in the study of our closest living relative: the publication by the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium of the initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome, together with a comparison with the human genome. The paper describes changes that have shaped human and chimpanzee species since the split from our common ancestor, and hints at what makes us uniquely human: 35 million single-nucleotide substitutions, 5 million small insertions and deletions, local rearrangements and a chromosome fusion. A comparison of gene duplications in chimpanzee and human genomes reveals gene expression differences that may underlie disease susceptibility. A study of primate genomes shows that subtelomeres are hot spots of recent chromosomal duplication and gene conversion. Conservation of Y-linked genes during human evolution is revealed by comparative sequencing in the chimpanzee. The final research paper in this collection fills a big gap in our knowledge: the first chimpanzee fossils ever found show that chimps and early humans inhabited the same environments in which they evolved and diverged. The fossils — three teeth — are from half-million-year-old sediments in Kenya that also yielded fossils of Homo. Four Progress reviews accompany these papers, looking at chimp culture, social behaviour, psychology and cognition. Elsewhere in the issue, researchers talk about working with chimpanzees, a feature summarizes other primate genome projects, and in two Commentaries, important ethical issues surrounding research on great apes are considered. There are thousands of fossils of hominins, but no fossil chimpanzee has yet been reported. The chimpanzee (Pan) is the closest living relative to humans1. Chimpanzee populations today are confined to wooded West and central Africa, whereas most hominin fossil sites occur in the semi-arid East African Rift Valley. This situation has fuelled speculation regarding causes for the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages five to eight million years ago. Some investigators have invoked a shift from wooded to savannah vegetation in East Africa, driven by climate change, to explain the apparent separation between chimpanzee and human ancestral populations and the origin of the unique hominin locomotor adaptation, bipedalism2,3,4,5. The Rift Valley itself functions as an obstacle to chimpanzee occupation in some scenarios6. Here we report the first fossil chimpanzee. These fossils, from the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya, show that representatives of Pan were present in the East African Rift Valley during the Middle Pleistocene, where they were contemporary with an extinct species of Homo. Habitats suitable for both hominins and chimpanzees were clearly present there during this period, and the Rift Valley did not present an impenetrable barrier to chimpanzee occupation.