cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Map-based analysis of genes affecting the brittle rachis character in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.).

The mature spike rachis of wild emmer [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides (Korn. ex Asch. and Graebner) Thell.] disarticulates spontaneously between each spikelet leading to the dispersion of wedge-type diaspores. By contrast, the spike rachis of domesticated emmer (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum) fails to disarticulate and remains intact until it is harvested. This major distinguishing feature between wild and domesticated emmer is controlled by two major genes, brittle rachis 2 (Br-A2) and brittle rachis 3 (Br-A3) on the short arms of chromosomes 3A and 3B, respectively. Because of their biological and agricultural importance, a map-based analysis of these genes was undertaken. Using two recombinant inbred chromosome line (RICL) populations, Br-A2, on chromosome 3A, was localized to a ~11-cM region between Xgwm2 and a cluster of linked loci (Xgwm666.1, Xbarc19, Xcfa2164, Xbarc356, and Xgwm674), whereas Br-A3, on chromosome 3B, was localized to a ~24-cM interval between Xbarc218 and Xwmc777. Comparative mapping analyses suggested that both Br-A2 and Br-A3 were present in homoeologous regions on chromosomes 3A and 3B, respectively. Furthermore, Br-A2 and Br-A3 from wheat and Btr1/Btr2 on chromosome 3H of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) also were homoeologous suggesting that the location of major determinants of the brittle rachis trait in these species has been conserved. On the other hand, brittle rachis loci of wheat and barley, and a shattering locus on rice chromosome 1 did not appear to be orthologous. Linkage and deletion-based bin mapping comparisons suggested that Br-A2 and Br-A3 may reside in chromosomal areas where the estimated frequency of recombination was ~ 4.3 Mb/cM. These estimates indicated that the cloning of Br-A2 and Br-A3 using map-based methods would be extremely challenging.
Comments on "Excitation of elastic surface waves by spatial harmonics of interdigital transducers"

The above-mentioned paper concludes that the symmetrical interdigital surface wave transducer cannot excite the third harmonic. It is shown that this conclusion, which is contrary to the experimental evidence, is a consequence of the approximations used.
Bioorthogonally cross-linked hydrogel network with precisely controlled disintegration time over a broad range.

Hydrogels with predictable degradation are highly desired for biomedical applications where timely disintegration of the hydrogel (e.g., drug delivery, guided tissue regeneration) is required. However, precisely controlling hydrogel degradation over a broad range in a predictable manner is challenging due to limited intrinsic variability in the degradation rate of liable bonds and difficulties in modeling degradation kinetics for complex polymer networks. More often than not, empirical tuning of the degradation profile results in undesired changes in other properties. Here we report a simple but versatile hydrogel platform that allows us to formulate hydrogels with predictable disintegration time from 2 to >250 days yet comparable macroscopic physical properties. This platform is based on a well-defined network formed by two pairs of four-armed polyethylene glycol macromers terminated with azide and dibenzocyclooctyl groups, respectively, via labile or stable linkages. The high-fidelity bioorthogonal reac...
Acetabular component orientation as an indicator of implant luxation in cemented total hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE To determine the sensitivity and specificity with which acetabular component angles of inclination and version could be used, alone or in combination, to predict luxation of cemented total hip arthroplasties (THA). STUDY DESIGN Comparison of retrospectively selected cases and controls SAMPLE POPULATION All THA performed at the University of Florida between 1991 and 1998 with the BioMedtrix system and for which at least 2 months of radiographic follow-up were available. All THA performed at the University of Georgia with the BioMedtrix system which subsequently luxated. METHODS Acetabular component inclination angle (IA) and acetabular version angle (VA) were determined for each THA. Data were grouped according to outcome - luxation or no luxation - with the luxated cases from the 2 institutions pooled. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate decision rules for using IA and VA as tests for detecting postoperative luxation. Sensitivity and specificity for luxation and 95% confidence bounds were computed with selected values of IA and VA as cut-points. RESULTS The nonluxation group consisted of 68 THA with a median follow-up time of 5 months (range, 2-60 months). The luxation group consisted of 12 THA with a mean time to luxation of 36 days. The nonluxation group had a mean +/- standard deviation (SD) IA and VA of 40.3 degrees +/- 8.9 degrees and 71.1 +/- 13.6 degrees, respectively, whereas the luxation group had a mean +/- SD IA and VA of 34.7 degrees +/- 12.6 degrees and 72.9 degrees +/- 16.6 degrees, respectively. An IA cut-point of 37.8 degrees achieved 58.3% sensitivity and 57.4% specificity. A VA cut-point of 73 degrees achieved 75.0% sensitivity and 51.5% specificity. IA and VA considered simultaneously achieved a 50.0% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ROC analysis indicated that both IA and VA considered individually or simultaneously were poor indicators of luxation. Although extreme values of IA may predict luxation with high specificity, the potential for luxation cannot be excluded based on apparently appropriate values of IA and VA. The results of this study also indicate that a successful outcome is possible with a wide range of acetabular component positions.
A correction for the IRI topside electron density model based on Alouette/ISIS topside sounder data

The topside segment of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) electron density model (and also of the Bent model) is based on the limited amount of topside data available at the time (40,OOO Alouette 1 profiles). Being established from such a small database it is therefore not surprising that the models have well-known shortcomings, for example, at high solar activities. Meanwhile a large data base of close to 200,000 topside profiles from Alouette 1,2, and ISIS I, 2 has become available online. A program of automated scaling and inversion of a large volume of digitized ionograms adds continuously to this data pool. We have used the currently available ISIs/Alouette topside profiles to evaluate the IRI topside model and to investigate ways of improving the model. The IRI model performs generally well at middle latitudes and shows discrepancies at low and high latitudes and these discrepancies are largest during high solar activity. In the upper topside IRI consistently overestimates the measurements. Based on averages of the data-model ratios we have established correction factors for the IRI model. These factors vary with altitude, modified dip latitude, and local time.
Activation of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by c-Abl-dependent and -independent Mechanisms

Abstract The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase defines a subgroup of the mammalian MAP kinases that are induced in response to lipopolysaccharide, hyperosmolarity, and interleukin 1. p38 MAP kinase appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory responses, including cytokine secretion and apoptosis. Here we show that diverse classes of DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatinum, 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, UV light, ionizing radiation, and methyl methanesulfonate activate p38 MAP kinase. We also demonstrate that cells deficient in c-Abl fail to activate p38 MAP kinase after treatment with cisplatinum and 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine but not after exposure to UV and methyl methanesulfonate. Reconstitution of c-Abl in the Abl−/− cells restores that response. Similar results were obtained for induction of the Jun-NH2-kinase/stress-activated protein kinase. These findings indicate that p38 MAP and Jun-NH2-kinase/stress-activated protein kinases are differentially regulated in response to different classes of DNA-damaging agents.
ATP modulates the function of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channels at two sites

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, a Ca(2+)-permeable channel, plays a key role in intracellular Ca2+ signaling. The effects of ATP on the IP3 receptor at the single-channel level were characterized after channel incorporation into planar lipid bilayers. ATP alone was not sufficient to open the IP3-gated channel, but addition of ATP or nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs in the presence of IP3 increased the frequency of channel openings 4.8-fold and increased the average duration of channel openings 2.5-fold; channel conductance was unchanged. High concentrations of ATP (> 4 mM) decreased channel activity most probably by competing with IP3-binding site. Allosteric modulation of IP3-induced Ca2+ release by ATP may contribute to the maintenance of cell viability during periods of energy starvation.
In What Ways Is 'The New Imperialism' Really New?

This essay argues that it is a matter of vital concern to develop a theoretical apparatus that is adequate to the inherent spatiotemporal dynamics of capital accumulation and the changing practices developed to manage the crisis tendencies of those dynamics. This requires integrating the a-spatial theory of capital accumulation and its internal contradictions with the spatial/geographical theory of imperialism that invokes geopolitical and geo-economic struggles between nation-states. I argue that the two are linked by the way capital deals with the problem of absorbing capital surpluses, namely through geographical (and temporal) fixes. The geographical fix requires imperialist expansionism and the battering down of all barriers to the spatial movement of capital. Such a conception provides the necessary clarity in formulating the relations between capital and state that are sometimes missing from Ellen M. Wood's arguments in Empire of Capital.
Synthesis of Mesostructured Copper Sulfide by Cation Exchange and Liquid‐Crystal Templating

The development of synthetic pathways to yield advanced functional materials is an important aspect of materials science. In particular, the ability to control and manipulate the chemical composition and structure of inorganic nanomaterials is highly desirable. Two synthetic approaches which show great promise for producing the next generation of functional inorganic nanomaterials are (1) templating of supramolecular assemblies and (2) ion exchange within nanostructured inorganic solids to manipulate chemical composition. Templating of supramolecular assemblies of surfactants and amphiphilic polymers has already proven to be a powerful technique in synthesizing various inorganic structures. Namely, numerous examples of mesostructured metal oxides (SiO{sub 2}, TiO{sub 2}, WO{sub 3}, etc.) have been synthesized by templating the liquid crystalline phases of amphiphilic polymers and surfactants (i.e. vesicles, 2D and 3D hexagonal and cubic phases, etc.) with inorganic precursors, resulting in the formation of highly ordered inorganic-organic hybrid materials. Although the templating of supramolecular assemblies has been successful in generating highly ordered mesostructured metal oxides, there are only a few examples of non-oxidic mesostructured inorganic materials. The recent developments of ion exchange within nanoparticles offer a promising approach to generating novel nanostructured inorganic materials with unique chemical compositions. Konenkamp et al. and Alivisatos et al. have successfully utilized the ion exchange methods to fully transform the chemical composition of simple nanostructured inorganic materials while retaining their shapes. Although the exact mechanism by which the ions exchange while retaining the overall structure is still unclear, this approach combined with templating of supramolecular assemblies can provide a potent technique for obtaining highly ordered inorganic materials with unique structures and chemical compositions. Herein, we describe for the first time, the successful synthesis of highly ordered, mesostructured Cu{sub x}S, by combining the templating of the supramolecular assemblies of non-ionic amphiphilic polymer method with the cation exchange method to transform mesostructured cadmium sulfide (CdS) into mesostructured copper sulfides (CuS, Cu{sub 2}S).
Comparative physiology of geosmin production by Streptomyces halstedii and anabaena sp.

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are microbial metabolites that can cause earthy or musty off-flavors in aquatic food animals as well as seasonal taste and odor episodes in drinking water. This paper compares effects of selected environmental factors on biomass and geosmin production by the actinomycete Streptomyces halstedii and the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp., isolated from an aquaculture pond and from a source-water reservoir, respectively. For S. halstedii , optimal biomass production occurred at pH 6-7 and 30°C, and optimal geosmin synthesis occurred at pH 9 and 35°C. Low concentrations of both nitrate- and ammonium-nitrogen favored geosmin production, with higher concentrations stimulating biomass production. For Anabaena sp., optimal biomass production at 20 days occurred at 15°C and a light intensity of 17 μE/m 2 /s; optimal geosmin synthesis occurred at 20°C and 17 μE/m 2 /s. Chlorophyll a (chl a )/biomass varied inversely with light intensity. Maximal geosmin/biomass occurred at 20°C (17 μE/m 2 /s), and geosmin/chl a varied inversely with temperature. It was concluded that at 20°C, increasing light intensity favors lower chl a and greater geosmin synthesis by Anabaena sp.; at 17 μE/m 2 /s, increasing temperature stimulates chl a production (to 25°C) but represses geosmin synthesis (above 20°C).
Cytoplasmic reversion to fertility in cms-S maize need not involve loss of linear mitochondrial plasmids

Cytoplasmic male sterility of the S type (cms-S) in maize is characterized by the presence of two autonomously replicating plasmid-like elements, S1 and S2. These plasmids have not been found in the mitochondrial genomes of normal (male-fertile) maize nor previously in male-fertile cytoplasmic revertants. This paper reports the discovery of spontaneous cytoplasmic reversion to fertility in cms-S maize not involving the loss of S1 and S2 plasmids. Data are presented showing that loss of the plasmids during cytoplasmic reversion is under nuclear influence and is not a characteristic of the S cytoplasm itself.
Ambient air concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, coplanar PCBs, and PAHs at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Mississippi.

Our objective was to determine the levels of selected airborne contaminants in ambient air at the Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi, that might be affecting the health of endangered cranes living there. Two high-volume air samplers were operated at separate locations on the Refuge during May–September 1991. The sampling media were micro-quartz filters in combination with polyurethane foam plugs. Composite bimonthly samples from each station were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Overall, residue concentrations were low. The toxic PCDD isomer 2,3,7,8-tetra-CDD was not detected, nor was penta-CDD. There was no difference (P>0.05) in residue concentrations between stations or over time and meteorological parameters were not correlated with residue concentrations. Because contaminant levels and patterns may differ seasonally, we recommend that air samples collected during winter months also be analyzed for these same chemical groups.
Elementary signaling modes predict the essentiality of signal transduction network components

Background Understanding how signals propagate through signaling pathways and networks is a central goal in systems biology. Quantitative dynamic models help to achieve this understanding, but are difficult to construct and validate because of the scarcity of known mechanistic details and kinetic parameters. Structural and qualitative analysis is emerging as a feasible and useful alternative for interpreting signal transduction.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in an American Indian Reservation Community: Results from the White Mountain Apache Surveillance System, 2007-2008.

Objective To describe characteristics and correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among the White Mountain Apache Tribe. NSSI has not been studied before in American Indian samples despite associated risks for suicide, which disproportionately affect American Indian youth. Method Apache case managers collected data through a tribally mandated surveillance system. Data from 2007 and 2008 (N = 182) were examined for rates, methods, precipitants, functions, past history of self-injury and service use, by age and gender. Results The rate of NSSI among all ages was 600 in 100,000, with individuals 10 to 14 years old disproportionately affected at a rate of 3,000 in 100,000. More females (65%) reported NSSI, and cutting was the preferred method (98%) for both genders combined. Most frequently reported precipitants were peer pressure/copying, conflict with boy/girlfriend and "depression." A substantial proportion (22%) was intoxicated/high at the time. More reported the function of NSSI was to "effect internal state" (45%) than "effect circumstances" (15%). More than one-third (39%) received ED treatment and referrals for aftercare (36%). Of those referred, only 30% followed up with services. Most (79%) reported past NSSI; 30% reported past suicidal ideation and 25% attempts. Conclusions NSSI is a significant, largely unaddressed mental health problem among the White Mountain Apache Tribe and likely other reservation communities, especially as NSSI could serve as a precursor to suicide in this population. Interestingly, another self-destructive behavior, severe substance use, was reported to the surveillance system by Apaches and described in terms similar to NSSI, an important preliminary finding worth further exploration.
Theoretical properties of two problems of distribution of interrelated data

Efficient techniques are needed to allocate resources across distributed sites, in order to minimize processing costs and to improve response times for users. This research investigates algorithms for the efficient partitioning of multiple interrelated data objects across the sites within a computer system. Interrelated data objects commonly arise in database systems, and their interrelation presents problems in placement. It is desirable to allocate these data objects so that objects which are related to each other, are in close proximity. Two methods of achieving this is to, perform the allocation so that interrelated data are placed at adjacent nodes, or placed so that the maximum distance between two interrelated data members (the interrelated class diameter), is minimal.
The Gypsy Outcrop Model for Testing Geostatistical Methods

Over the past decade, a number of geostatistical methods have emerged for modelling depositional environments. Although these methods enjoy wide acceptance, they have rarely been tested with realistic reservoir models. One reason for this is lack of quantitative data. Another is the lack of consensus on what constitutes a valid test. The present study addresses both of these problems. Fluvial environments offer a particular challenge for geostatistical modelling. The key to unlocking recovery in such reservoirs lies in a better understanding of how reservoir architecture and connectivity affect sweep efficiency. The present study entails constructing a deterministic model of one such reservoir. This model describes six channels within a twenty meter interval of the well-characterized Gypsy sandstone of Northeastern Oklahoma. Detailed spatial distributions of reservoir properties (permeability, porosity, and lithology) have been obtained from extensive sampling and mapping of the geological units of this formation as it is exposed by strike and dip oriented roadcuts. In addition, three-dimensional data has been obtained from a grid of twenty-two boreholes, with oriented core, drilled within three hundred meters behind the primary strike oriented outcrop. This model is as complete and as densely sampled as any model of a producing reservoir is ever likely to be. Simulations on the Gypsy Outcrop Model show that waterflood recovery efficiencies can be highly variable, depending on the choice of well placement and transmissibility multipliers. Recovery efficiencies are presented for the case of unit mobility ratio displacements. An important focus for comparing various geostatistical methods should be to determine whether they can mimic the variability in recovery efficiencies that is displayed by models such as the present one. The criteria for evaluating the relative merits of competing approaches should emphasize recovery efficiency, rather than mere visualizations of heterogeneities in porosity and permeability. Just as with reservoir simulation, there needs to be an SPE Comparative Solution Project in geostatistics. The Gypsy Outcrop model presented herein can serve as one of several ground truth models for evaluating both existing and future geostatistical methods. Comparison of flow modeling results using stochastic realizations constructed from such deterministic models will permit evaluations of the sensitivity of geostatistical methods to the type and amount of data available.
Low work function emitter electrodes for advanced thermionic converters

Abstract The utility of low work function emitter materials for advanced thermionic energy converters is discussed. Recent experimental results obtained for the (310) face of LaB 6 , a prototype advanced emitter surface, are presented and discussed. The availability of this and other thermally stable, low work function materials offers considerable promise for the future of advanced thermionic energy conversion.
Keeping students engaged with web‐based polling in the library instruction session

Purpose – This research was performed with the aim of determining the potential benefit(s) of including web‐based polling in the library instruction classroom.Design/methodology/approach – Over the course of a year, web‐based polling was used in library instruction sessions and the survey results were recorded. Feedback forms were also used to gauge a sense of the students' experiences with this form of active learning.Findings – This study found that web‐based polling in a library instruction classroom benefits both students and instructors. The students enjoy these sessions and are more attentive than in a typical lecture, which leads to better learning. Instructors are able to learn about the students' uses of technology, research methods, and more with the polling capability.Research limitations/implications – The research in this study was only done using the free version of Poll Everywhere in management classes. It would be interesting to see if the results would be the same in other business classe...
A rapid preparative method for isolation of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids by radial thin layer chromatography

Abstract An efficient method to separate neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from their mixtures within a short period (45–60 min) and with low consumption of solvents (chloroformmethanol-water, 60/35/8 (v/v/v); 250–500 ml) has been developed. This method utilizes a centrifugal thin-layer chromatograph (Chromatotron) and the GSL mixtures (30–400 mg) are applied to glass plates coated with a 1-mm layer of silica gel 60 PF-254. The method (radial thin-layer chromatography) is rapid and simple and the recovery of glycosphingolipids is high (70–80%).
Diurnal cycles of leaf extension in unsalinized and salinized Beta vulgaris

Abstract. Continuous high resolution measurement of sugar beet leaf extension over 5 d in growth chambers showed average leaf extension rates (LER) in darkness to be from three to six times those in light for plants growing in non-salinized media. The changes in LER in light-dark transitions occurred within seconds, a response which was more rapid than stomatal opening or closing. When the growth medium was salinized to 100 mol m−3 NaCl, LER's were reduced by about 50% in darkness and 90% in light, markedly increasing the ratio of dark to light LER. A 2-d episode of root-zone salinity imposed midway through a 5-d period of measurement decreased LER and produced higher leaf temperatures. LER and diurnal leaf temperature patterns reverted to their pre-salinized levels when root-zone salinity was removed. Thus, the effects of short episodes of high sodium chloride in the growth medium appear to be reversible, suggesting a water stress mechanism of growth reduction rather than toxicity effects of salt.
Relationship among surgical complexity, short-term morbidity, and overall survival in primary surgery for advanced ovarian cancer.

Background Advanced ovarian cancer (OC) is associated with impaired performance status and comorbidities for many patients. These factors have an impact on the decision to perform extended surgical cytoreduction. However, the trade-off between short-term morbidity and overall survival is complex, and few data are available analyzing the combined effects of these variables. Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of patients' age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and surgical complexity score (SCS) on short-term morbidity and overall survival. Study Design Presurgical patient characteristics, surgical procedures performed, and outcomes were assessed in a cohort of consecutive primary OC patients. An SCS from 1 to 3 was developed to adjust for the extent of surgery (simple to complex, respectively). Primary outcomes were 30 day major morbidity (sepsis, thromboembolic, cardiac, or reoperation), 3 month mortality, and overall survival (OS). Results Two hundred nineteen consecutive patients with stage IIIC-IV OC were included. We observed a correlation between ASA and both short-term morbidity ( P = .006) and 3 month mortality ( P = .006). Age was independently associated with both short-term morbidity ( P = .010) and 3 month mortality ( P = .005). SCS correlated directly with morbidity ( P P = .266). The independent predictors of morbidity (ASA, age, and SCS) were used to develop risk prediction categories: risk of expected complications ranged from 2.5% to 67.6%, depending on category. Despite the increased risk of complications, however, more complex surgery carried a survival benefit in all the risk groups, owing to the observation that residual disease (RD) and SCS held a prognostic significance independent of age and ASA ( P P = .001, respectively). Conclusion Because of the survival benefit from lower RD, a less aggressive surgical effort results in poorer OS. However, the risk of complications are substantial for complex surgeries in the highest-risk patients: risk stratification should be used to help plan perioperative care and consider optimal treatment planning.
Pre-Columbian impact on terrestrial, intertidal, and marine resources, San Salvador, Bahamas (A.D. 950–1500)

Summary Zooarchaeological remains from San Salvador, Bahamas, reveal trends in pre-Columbian exploitation of terrestrial, intertidal, and marine resources during the period A.D. 950–1500. Significant declines in quantities and weights of Gecarcinidae (land crabs), weights of mollusks, such as Cittarium pica (West Indian top shell) and Chiton tuberculatus/Acanthopleura granulata (chitons), and body sizes of both Sparisoma viride (stoplight parrotfish) and Serranidae (sea basses and groupers) all indicate prehistoric overexploitation. Declines in total number of identified marine taxa as well as average trophic levels of exploited marine vertebrates suggest reduced species diversity and “fishing down the marine food web.” These findings indicate that a relatively minor prehistoric human population (500–1000 people) can have significant environmental impacts, especially on small, vulnerable island ecosystems.
Separation of Native and Acylated Egg White Proteins with Gel Chromatography and DEAE‐Cellulose Ion Exchange

Chemical modification of egg white has been shown to improve its functional properties. In order to fully understand the changes in functionality it is necessary to separate the proteins and study their corresponding structural changes. This paper describes two chromatographic techniques applied to the separation of native and acylated egg white. A molified DEAE—cellulose ion exchange methodology was developed which reduced separation time and expense. It was found that increases in net charge introduced by acylation with succinic or acetic anhydride changed the ionic state of the proteins, limiting their separation by ion-exchange chromatography. Using Sephacryl S-200, a gel chiomatographic technique was developed which separated over 80% of the total succinylated egg white proteins; viz., ovomucin, ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovomacroglobulin, and lysozyme. Most proteins of native and acetylated egg white were separated with S-200 chromatography, but required rechromatography of the ovalbumin-conalbumin fractions for complete resolution.
Anomalous temperature-isotope dependence in proton-coupled electron transfer

Motivated by the experiments of Hodgkiss et al. [J. Phys. Chem. (submitted)] on electron transfer (ET) through a H-bonding interface, we present a new theoretical model for proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the condensed phase, that does not involve real proton transfer. These experiments, which directly probe the joint T-isotope effects in coupled charge transfer reactions, show anomalous T dependence in kH∕kD, where kH and kD are the ET rates through the H-bonding interface with H-bonded protons and deuterons, respectively. We address the anomalous T dependence of the kH∕kD in our model by attributing the modulation of the electron tunneling dynamics to bath-induced fluctuations in the proton coordinate, so that the mechanism for coupled charge transfer might be better termed vibrationally assisted ET rather than PCET. We argue that such a mechanism may be relevant to understanding traditional PCET processes, i.e., those in which protons undergo a transfer from donor to acceptor during the cour...
Determination of morphine and morphine glucuronides in human plasma by 96-well plate solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

There is considerable interest in quantifying morphine and its major metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Available assays use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with single or tandem mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, electrochemical, or fluorimetric detection. Nevertheless, few methods provide adequate sensitivity for all analytes, in a single injection, with the desired rate of sample throughput. A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of morphine, M3G and M6G from human plasma using HPLC with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was developed using a Waters Oasis MCX 96-well plate for extracting both lipophilic morphine and its hydrophilic glucuronides, C18 separation using an isocratic mobile phase (methanol, acetonitrile and formic acid), and selected ion monitoring. Recoveries of morphine, M3G and M6G, respectively, were 81, 90 and 82% at the low (2, 25 and 2 ng/ml), 80, 77 and 75% at the medium (10, 250 and 10 ng/ml), and 74, 62 and 72% at the high (100, 1000 and 100 ng/ml) quality control samples. The limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/ml morphine and M6G, and 5 ng/ml M3G. Analytes were validated over a linear range of 0.5-200 ng/ml morphine and M6G, and 5-2000 ng/ml M3G. This assay represents an improvement over existing methods through solid phase extraction with increased sample throughput (96-well plates), use of small samples (0.5 ml), and sub-nanogram detection.
Reactive melt modification of polypropylene with a crosslinkable polyester

Melt blending of polypropylene (PP) with a low molecular weight (MW) crosslinkable unsaturated polyester (UP) was studied in a batch mixer and a twin-screw extruder in the presence of peroxide (POX) free radical initiator. Competing degradation and crosslinking reactions of the peroxide with the blend components leading to significant change in their viscosity ratio were studied and controlled during the blending process. Rheological studies show that depending on the process conditions some reacted PP/UP blends have a pronounced suspension behavior due to the presence of the dispersed polyester gel particles in a low MW PP matrix. It is also evident from SEM analysis that the reacted blends have a more uniform and finer morphology than the unreacted ones. The blends are also characterized by FTIR, which strongly suggests the presence of “block” or “graft” PP-UP structures that may enhance phase interaction and promote compatibility in the reacted PP/UP blends. Such blends are considered as suitable compatibilizers of PP/high MW thermoplastic polyester blends and as modifiers for low density extrusion foaming of similar blends.
Tracheobronchography in the evaluation of anomalous left pulmonary artery

In three patients the diagnosis of an anomalous left pulmonary artery was confirmed when tracheobronchography demonstrated a discrete extrinsic impression on the proximal right bronchus. The diagnosis was unsuspected clinically in one patient with a hyperlucent left lung on conventional chest radiographs. In the other two patients there was a suspicion of a pulmonary sling, but findings on plain chest or airway radiographs were atypical. The tracheobronchogram can be a valuable procedure for diagnosing a pulmonary sling, detecting additional developmental anomalies of the bronchi, and predicting the post-operative clinical course.
Language lateralization by Wada test and fMRI in 100 patients with epilepsy

Comparing the determination of language dominance using fMRI with results of the Wada test in 100 patients with different localization-related epilepsies, the authors found 91% concordance between both tests. The overall rate of false categorization by fMRI was 9%, ranging from 3% in left-sided temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to 25% in left-sided extratemporal epilepsy. Language fMRI might reduce the necessity of the Wada test for language lateralization, especially in TLE.
Myths and realities of ageism and nursing

Ageism is pervasive throughout society, and it is an especially important issue for nurses because the nursing workforce is aging rapidly. This article explores ageism as it applies to women and nurses, along with the myths and realities about this prevalent attitude. It also presents strategies for managing and educating the aging nursing workforce.
Medida de autoeficacia en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson

Resumen Objetivos Este estudio tuvo como proposito determinar si la edad o el sexo afectan la autoeficacia de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EDP). La autoeficacia se considero una medida indirecta de motivacion en este estudio. Se postulo que pacientes femeninas jovenes obtendrian un puntaje mayor que sus contrapartes masculinas y mayores en el cuestionario modificado de autoeficacia de acuerdo con la literatura cientifica. Materiales y metodos Un total de 40 cuestionarios fueron distribuidos en un periodo de 3 meses. El instrumento utilizado en este estudio fue una version modificada del cuestionario general de autoeficacia percibida (GPSEQ por sus siglas en ingles). El GPSEQ original consiste en 10 preguntas; la version modificada incluyo 5 preguntas adicionales relacionadas con la motivacion. Se utilizo un metodo de muestreo de conveniencia. Pacientes con EDP fueron seleccionados en el area suroeste del estado de la Florida, EE. UU. El protocolo investigativo y la forma modificada del cuestionario fueron aprobados por la Junta de Revision Institucional de Florida Gulf Coast University . Resultados La version modificada del GPSEQ mostro una consistencia interna excelente (alfa de Cronbach alta; R = 0,936) entre el instrumento original y las preguntas adicionales relacionadas a la motivacion para esta poblacion. No se encontro ninguna diferencia significativa entre los grupos diferentes de edad o sexo (p = 0,356 y 0,578, respectivamente). Discusion y conclusion Se propone el GPSEQ como alternativa de evaluacion de autoeficacia para pacientes con EDP. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en autoeficacia en esta poblacion, ni tampoco diferencias significativas en terminos de edad o sexo.
Considering inventory in service parts logistics network design problems with time -based service constraints

We study the integrated logistics network design and inventory stocking problem as characterized by the interdependency of the design and stocking decisions in service parts logistics. These two sets of decisions are usually considered sequentially in practice, and the associated problems are tackled separately in the research literature. The overall problem is typically further complicated due to time-based service constraints that provide lower limits on the percentage of demand satisfied within specified time windows. We introduce an optimization model that explicitly captures the interdependency between network design (location of facilities, and allocation of demands to facilities) and inventory stocking decisions (stock levels and their corresponding stochastic fill rates), and present computational results from our extensive experiments that investigate the effects of several factors including demand levels, time-based service levels and costs. We show that the integrated approach can provide signi...
Diversity in the regulation of Islamic Financial Institutions

Abstract More than 200 Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) are reported to have total combined assets in excess of US$ 200 billion with an annual growth rate estimated between 10 and 15%. The regulatory regime governing IFIs varies across countries. International organizations have been established to set standards that would strengthen and eventually harmonize prudential regulations as they apply to IFIs. The paper contributes to the discussion on the nature of the prudential standards to be developed. It clarifies risks IFIs are exposed to and the type of regulation that would help to manage them. It considers that the industry is still evolving with an anticipated convergence of the practice of Islamic financial intermediation with its conceptual foundations. Accordingly, the paper contrasts the risks and regulation that would be needed in the case of Islamic financial intermediation operating according to core principles and current practice. Implications for approaches to capital adequacy, licensing requirements and reliance on market discipline are outlined. The paper suggests an organization of the industry that would allow it to develop in compliance with its principles and prudent risk management and to facilitate its regulation.
Using Puppets with Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Illustrates ways in which special educators can introduce puppets into their classrooms as effective educational and therapeutic instruments
A Mediterranean-Style Diet and Metabolic Syndrome

A moderate increase in physical activity and a detailed and tailored Mediterranean-style diet reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular risks through reducing systemic vascular inflammation and endothelium dysfunction, particularly in those patients who do not lose weight.
A historical and molecular phylogeny of BCG strains.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the name given to a family of vaccines derived in 1921 by the in-vitro attenuation of Mycobacterium bovis. Subsequently, BCG seed lots were distributed globally, and both phenotypic and genotypic differences between strains have been described. As a step to understanding BCG diversity, we have reviewed the English and French historical record on 13 strains and DNA was extracted from these strains for restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism study. The written record suggests “early strains” obtained from the Pasteur Institute between 1924 and 1926 and “later strains” obtained after 1931. Molecular typing resulted in 3 clades, based on variability in IS6110-typing and the presence of mpt64 gene. With two exceptions, these clades correspond with strains obtained in 1924–26 (IS6110−2 / mpt64+), 1926–31 (IS6110−1 / mpt64+), and 1931 or later (IS6110−1 / mpt64-) This analysis demonstrates that BCG has undergone genetic changes since 1921, consistent with ongoing in-vitro evolution.
Prospective study of intravitreal ranibizumab as a treatment for decreased visual acuity secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose To evaluate intravitreal injection of ranibizumab as a potential treatment for decreased visual acuity (VA) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Design Prospective, interventional case series. Methods Patients with CRVO prospectively recruited from a practice were administered intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg (Lucentis; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA) at baseline and monthly for two additional doses. The patients were given additional ranibizumab if they had macular edema as determined by optical coherence tomography or any new intraretinal hemorrhage. Patients were evaluated for number of required injections, side effects, changes in VA, and macular thickness. Results There were 20 eyes of 20 patients who at baseline had a mean age of 72.1 years, a mean VA of 45.8 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy letters, and a mean central macular thickness of 574.6 μm. Of the 20 eyes, five previously had received intravitreal triamcinolone and 11 had received intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc). At 12 months of follow-up, the mean VA improved to 64.3 letters and the central macular thickness decreased to 186 μm (both different than baseline values; P Conclusions Intravitreal ranibizumab used over a period of one year improved mean VA, with low rates of adverse events, in patients with CRVO.
SU‐E‐T‐260: Daily Quality Assurance of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Using Dynamic Log Files: Retrospective Study

Purpose: We designed and developed a daily QA software for patients' treatment using dynamic MLC log files for IMRT and RapidArc. The log files of patients' clinical treatments were also assessed retrospectively. Methods: The log files were sent to the server using our in‐house client software in a treatment console PC via a network, and then the errors of leaf position, leaf gap, and dose were analyzed using our in‐house server software in a PC. Dose errors in 2D plane were computed. In the retrospective data analysis, the log files of a total of 5871 treatment fields from 2010/11/02 to 2011/02/04 were collected from 2 Linac console PCs at the Cancer Center. The errors of leaf gap and dose between treatment methods were compared. Results: All of the log files were sent and analyzed normally. The results of analyzing the 5871 treatment fields were that the average values of the leaf gap errors [mm] were 0.42±0.26, 0.53±0.24, 0.42±0.26, and 0.47±0.84, and the average values of the dose errors [%] were −0.11±1.14, 0.32±1.28, −0.22±1.86, and −0.19±3.70, for non‐gated IMRT, gated IMRT,IMRT and RapidArc, respectively. Consecutive daily errors of the gaps and doses for RapidArc showed similar trends to those of IMRT. Since actual leaf gaps for RapidArc (21.29±11.72mm) were larger than those of IMRT (11.18±6.35mm), dose errors for RapidArc were decreased compared to IMRT. RapidArc had similar accuracy for dose distribution in terms of MLC movements. For gating, dose errors can arise from MLC gating signal hold‐on and hold‐off. Conclusions: The results of retrospective study could contribute to patient‐specific QA by providing a reference of the accuracy of MLC movement. Furthermore, the use of our system based on the retrospective analysis could document the accuracy of machine performance with regard to patient treatment.
Two-dimensional and axisymmetric bifurcated channel flow

B coordinate techniques coupled with standard finite difference procedures are used to solve irregularly shaped bifurcated channel flow numerically. The approach is applicable to two-dimensional and axisymmetric laminar and turbulent flow. A two-equation eddy viscosity model is used to model the Reynolds stresses. Solutions were obtained for a range of Reynolds numbers of 1350 to 750,000. It was found that the first-order terms generated by the transformation process and those generated from the Reynolds stresses must be individually upwind differenced to obtain a converged solution. The metric coefficients generated by the transformation creates the need for large core storage or off-line storage with large input/output time.
Changes in speech production associated with alphabet supplementation.

Purpose This study examined the effect of alphabet supplementation (AS) on temporal and spectral features of speech production in individuals with cerebral palsy and dysarthria. Method Twelve speak...
Tumour cell-based vaccines for the treatment of melanoma.

Melanoma is generally resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Its unique immunological properties lend support to developing innovative new therapies via manipulation of the patient’s own immune system. The use of whole-cell—based tumour vaccines, including autologous, whole-cell allogeneic and cytokine gene-modified vaccines, as well as tumour lysate vaccines, for active specific immunotherapy of melanoma, is discussed in detail with regard to rationale and available clinical data. Although phase II data on the use of melanoma vaccine in the adjuvant setting show promise, there is no randomised phase III trial demonstrating the efficacy of active specific immunotherapy for melanoma. The coming years will bring the results of several pivotal multicentre phase III trials testing the clinical utility of active specific immunotherapy in the management of melanoma.
The effect of oxalate on the dissolution rates of oligoclase and tremolite

Abstract The effect of oxalate, a strong chelator for Al and other cations, on the dissolution rates of oligoclase feldspar and tremolite amphibole was investigated in a flow-through reactor at 22°C. Oxalate at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM has essentially no effect on the dissolution rate of tremolite, nor on the steady-state rate of release of Si from oligoclase. The fact that oxalate has no effect on dissolution rate suggests that detachment of Si rather than Al or Mg is the rate-limiting step. At pH 4 and 9, oxalate has no effect on the steady-state rate of release of Al, and dissolution is congruent. At pH 5 and 7, oligoclase dissolution is congruent in the presence of oxalate, but in the absence of oxalate Al is preferentially retained in the solid relative to Si. Large transient “spikes” of Al or Si are observed when oxalate is added to or removed from the system. The cause of the spikes is unknown; we suggest adsorption on feldspar surfaces away from sites of active dissolution as a possibility. Solutions in the reactors are undersaturated with respect to both gibbsite and kaolinite, so neither the spikes nor the incongruent dissolution can be explained by formation of a secondary precipitate. The rate of dissolution of tremolite is independent of pH over the pH range 2–5, and decreases at higher pH. The rate of dissolution of oligoclase in our experiments was independent of pH over the pH range 4–9. Since the dissolution rate of these minerals is independent of pH and organic ligand concentration, the effect of acid deposition from the atmosphere on the rate of supply of cations from weathering of granitic rocks should be minor.