cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the origin of selective nitrous oxide N-N bond cleavage by three-coordinate molybdenum(III) complexes.

Reaction of Mo(N[R]Ar)3 (R = tBu or C(CD3)2CH3) with N2O gives rise exclusively to a 1:1 mixture of nitride NMo(N[R]Ar)3 and nitrosyl ONMo(N[R]Ar)3, rather than the known oxo complex OMo(N[R]Ar)3 and dinitrogen. Solution calorimetry measurements were used to determine the heat of reaction of Mo(N[R]Ar)3 with N2O and, independently, the heat of reaction of Mo(N[R]Ar)3 with NO. Derived from the latter measurements is an estimate (155.3 ± 3.3 kcal·mol-1) of the molybdenum−nitrogen bond dissociation enthalpy for the terminal nitrido complex, NMo(N[R]Ar)3. Comparison of the new calorimetry data with those obtained previously for oxo transfer to Mo(N[R]Ar)3 shows that the nitrous oxide N−N bond cleavage reaction is under kinetic control. Stopped-flow kinetic measurements revealed the reaction to be first order in both Mo(N[R]Ar)3 and N2O, consistent with a mechanism featuring post-rate-determining dinuclear N−N bond scission, but also consistent with cleavage of the N−N bond at a single metal center in a mechan...
The primary acceptor of bacterial photosynthesis: its operating midpoint potential?

Abstract 1. 1. The equilibrium oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials of the primary acceptors of the purple photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, Chromatium vinosum and Rhodospirillum rubrum have been determined over a wide range of pH values (pH 4.7–11.0). 2. 2. At physiological values of pH the equilibrium reduction of the primary acceptor involves both an electron and a proton, but at higher values of pH, a p K of the reduced form is titrated so that above the p K only an electron is involved in the reduction. 3. 3. The value of the p K in Rps. sphaeroides is approximately pH 10, while in C . vinosum it is close to pH 8, and in R . rubrum it is close to pH 9. 4. 4. During light-induced electron flow, the reduction of the primary acceptor involves only an electron, implying that the kinetically operational midpoint potential is the equilibrium value measured above the p K of the reduced form. In C. vinosum this is −160 mV, in Rps. sphaeroides −180 mV, and in R. rubrum it is −200 mV.
Effects of specific antibodies on the interaction between the fungus Candida albicans and human oral mucosa

Abstract Host-parasite interactions were studied in four groups: non-infected controls; infected carriers of Candida albicans without evidence of candidiasis; subjects with acute candidiasis; and subjects with chronic candidiasis. Specific anti-candida antibodies were demonstrated in saliva from subjects of all four groups; the titres reflected the degree of antigenic stimulation, being significantly higher in candidiasis than in controls or infected carriers. The adherence of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells was not significantly different in a given saliva, regardless of whether the assay was carried out with autologous C. albicans and epithelial cells or with a stock strain in a standardized assay. Therefore, the standard assay was used to study the effects of specific salivary antibodies on adherence. A significant inverse correlation was found between salivary IgA anti-candida antibodies and the adherence of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells, suggesting that IgA antibodies can inhibit adherence of Candida to the oral mucosa. In some instances, removal of antibodies led to a significant increase in adherence; however, often this was not the case, indicating that some but not all of the antibodies present were capable of inhibiting the adherence of C. albicans to epithelial cells.
Potential Precision on Higgs Couplings and Total Width at the ILC

We outline a systematic approach to the determination of the standard model-like Higgs boson total width and measurable coupling parameters in a model-independent manner at the International Linear Collider and illustrate the complementarity for operating it at 250 GeV near the $Zh$ threshold and at 500 GeV and 1 TeV utilizing the $WW$, $ZZ$ fusion processes. We perform detailed simulations for an important contributing channel to the coupling determination and for invisible decays. Without model assumptions, and combining the information for the coupling ratios from the LHC, the total width can be determined to an accuracy of about 6%, and the couplings for the observable channels can be measured to the (3--5)% level at 250 GeV, reaching (1--3)% level including the 500 GeV results, with further improvements possible with a 1 TeV run. The best precision for the branching fraction measurement of the Higgs to invisible modes can be reached at 0.5%--0.7% around the $Zh$ threshold. Further studies from $ZZ$ fusion at higher energies may provide significant improvement for the measurements. With modest theory assumptions, the width and coupling determinations can be further improved to the percent or subpercent level.
One and two soliton solutions for seventh-order Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon and Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-KP equations

In this work, we explore more applications of the simplified form of the bilinear method to the seventhorder Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon (CDG) and the Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-KP (CDG-KP) equation. We formally derive one and two soliton solutions for each equation. We also show that the two equations do not show resonance.
A fish hepatocyte model for the investigation of the effects of environmental contaminants

Abstract An isolated fish hepatocyte culture system was developed as a models ystem to investigate the mechanisms of action of environmental contaminants. Hepatocytes were isolated from striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) by an adaptation of the two stage perfusion technique of Seglen. 1 The system was used to evaluate metal binding protein (MBP) induction in response to cadmium, a primary inducer of metallothionein (MT) in rat hepatocytes. Striped bass hepatocytes appeared to be refractory to the induction of MBP by cadmium, since there was no significant increase in the synthesis of MBP for any of the doses at any of the time points investigated. However, when a similar experiment was performed using rat hepatocytes there was induction of MBP that was related to both dose and time. These comparative experiments indicate that although there are similarities between the hepatocytes of the two species in regard to 35 S incorporation into low molecular weight metal-binding proteins, there appear to be significant quantitative differences as well in regard to MBP kinetics. This in vitro model system could potentially be utilized to investigate the toxicological properties of other environmental contaminants.
Quantification of the sulfates of 16α-hydroxy androgens that are possible precursors of estriol-3-sulfate in human breast cyst fluid

The concentration of 16 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone-3-sulfate (16 alpha-OHDHAS) was determined in 29 samples of human breast cyst fluid (BCF) and in 15 of these, androst-5-ene-3 beta,16 alpha,17 beta-triol-3-sulfate (A-TriolS) was also assayed. The median value of both was about 100 ng/mL and the ranges were from 1.4 to about 1800 ng/mL. There was a significant association in the values for the two sulfates (p less than 0.05). These concentrations are consistent with a role for 16 alpha-hydroxy androgens as possible precursors for estriol-3-sulfate. The latter is highly elevated relative to other body fluids in BCF. The androgens also correlated directly with the concentrations of K+, an indicator of apocrine proliferation of breast cysts.
Computing exact aspect graphs of curved objects: solid of revolution

This paper introduces a new approach to computing the exact orthographic aspect graph of curved objects. Curves corresponding to various visual events partition the view sphere into regions where the image structure is stable. A catalog of these events for piecewise-smooth objects is available from singularity theory. For a solid of revolution whose generator is an algebraic curve, each visual event is characterized by a system of polynomial equations whose roots can be computed by continuation methods. Within each region, the stable image structure is characterized by a variation of cylindrical algebraic decomposition and ray tracing. This approach has been implemented and several examples are presented.
Posttranscriptional block to adenovirus replication in nonpermissive monkey cells.

Abstract Events occurring during the abortive infection of monkey cells by human adenoviruses have been compared to those occurring during the complete replicative cycle which results from adenovirus and SV40 coinfection of these cells. Previous studies had indicated a block to replication at a posttranscriptional level. This paper describes the examination of two posttranscriptional events: attachment of polyadenylic acid sequences to adenovirus mRNA, and association of this mRNA with polyribosomes. Posttranscriptional addition of poly(A) sequences to mRNA appears to take place normally in the absence of SV40 coinfection. “Late” adenovirus mRNA, though synthesized in the nonpermissive infection, appears to be deficient in its association with polyribosomes. This finding is consistent with the previously described defect in late adenovirus protein synthesis in the unenhanced infection of monkey cells.
Spectral considerations for absorption-edge fluoroscopy.

In our previous reports on absorption‐edge fluoroscopy, it was not possible to relate fully the subtleties involved in the selection of spectral parameters. This paper is intended as an overview of this important aspect of the technique. It is shown that, by using the 1‐kVp, 2‐filter technique, it is possible to image certain elements (e.g., iodine and xenon) in the presence of tissue variations of ±2 cm about the thickness at which perfect tissue cancellation takes place. Use of logarithmic signal processing extends this range, but bone thickness variations may not be accommodated because only two x‐ray energies are involved in the imaging process. Use of a 3‐kVp, 3‐filter technique with logarithmic signal processing is shown to solve this general problem. Computer simulations show that 1‐mg/cm2 iodine may be imaged in the presence of 10 cm or more tissue variations and 2000‐mg/cm2 bone variations.
Abstract 1773: Nucleotide-resolution genomic breakpoint analysis of TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements in prostate cancer by target-capture next-generation sequencing.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC TMPRSS2-ERG translocations occur in approximately 50% of prostate cancers and therefore represent one of the most frequently observed structural rearrangements in all cancers. However, little is known about the genomic architecture of such rearrangements. We therefore designed and optimized a pipeline involving target-capture of TMPRSS2 and ERG genomic sequences coupled with paired-end next generation sequencing to resolve genomic rearrangement breakpoints in TMPRSS2 and ERG at nucleotide resolution in a large series of primary prostate cancer specimens (n = 83). This strategy showed >90% sensitivity and specificity in identifying TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements, and allowed identification of intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements involving TMPRSS2 and ERG with known and novel fusion partners. Our results indicate that rearrangement breakpoints show strong clustering in specific intronic regions of TMPRSS2 and ERG. The observed TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements often exhibited complex chromosomal architecture associated with several intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements. Nucleotide resolution analysis of breakpoint junctions revealed that the majority of TMPRSS2 and ERG rearrangements (∼88%) occurred at or near regions of microhomology or involved insertions of one or more base pairs. This architecture implicates nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and microhomology mediated end joining (MMEJ) pathways in the generation of such rearrangements. These analyses have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in generating prostate cancer-specific recurrent rearrangements. Citation Format: Christopher Weier, Michael Haffner, Timothy Mosbruger, David Esopi, Jessica Hicks, Qizhi Zheng, William B. Isaacs, Angelo M. De Marzo, William G. Nelson, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian. Nucleotide-resolution genomic breakpoint analysis of TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements in prostate cancer by target-capture next-generation sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1773. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1773
A Note on a Moving Boundary Problem Arising in the American Put Option

We consider an American put option, under the Black-Scholes model. This corresponds to a moving boundary problem for a PDE. We convert the problem to a nonlinear integral equation for the moving boundary, which corresponds to the optimal exercise of the option. We use singular perturbation methods to compute the moving boundary, as well as the full solution to the PDE, in various asymptotic limits. We consider times close to the expiration date, as well as systems where the interest rate is large or small, relative to the volatility of the asset for which the option is sold.
A wide-band absorption coefficient integration kernel

Abstract The concept of a wide-band absorption coefficient integration kernel is introduced and developed for use in problems involving the radiant heat transfer of real absorbing/emitting gases. For each of the non-transparent, absorption/emission bands of a gas, the kernel transforms the detailed wavenumber integrations to more convenient integrations over the absorption coefficient. A simple expression for the integration kernel is developed from the Tien and Lowder expression for the total band absorptance. The use of the kernel is then illustrated and compared with an exact solution through the example of an isothermal gas between two infinite, parallel plates.
CONSTRUCTING HOMOCLINIC ORBITS AND CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS

Homoclinic orbits and chaotic attractors are constructed progressively by singular perturbations. More specifically, lower dimensional slow subsystems and fast subsystems are constructed separately as building blocks. The former are then modulated onto the latter via homotopy. This gives a systematic way to implement Rossler’s dual principle for mathematical modeling. Systems constructed in this way are simple, robust, and ideal for the purposes of experimental and theoretical analyses.
Sexual risk behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS in Togo

Abstract Since HIV in Africa is spread primarily through unprotected sex, safe sex practices such as condom use can reduce HIV spread significantly. Nevertheless, because sexual behavior involves complex dynamics, condom use is not an easy option for many people in Africa despite years of condom distribution intervention. In fact, the complex nature of sexuality complicates efforts to combat HIV spread and limits the effectiveness of many prevention efforts. This paper uses theoretical explanations—social representation theory, situated rationality theory, and social action theory—to examine the patterns of sexual risk behavior and the underlying reasons and rationalization among people living with HIV/AIDS in Lome, Togo. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 151 people living with HIV/AIDS, recruited from 3 HIV/AIDS centers. The results of this in-depth study suggest that although people living with HIV/AIDS may be aware of the risk of infecting their sexual partners, they deliberately ignore the risk because other considerations, such as wanting a baby, take precedence. Consequently, condom access is inadequate to change risky sexual behavior that spreads HIV. It must be supplemented with adequate empowerment.
Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude and relationships with subjective well-being

The purpose of these studies was to develop a valid measure of trait gratitude, and to evaluate the relationship of gratitude to subjective well-being (SWB). Four studies were conducted evaluating the reliability and validity of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test (GRAT), a measure of dispositional gratitude. This measure was shown to have good internal consistency and temporal stability. The GRAT was shown to relate positively to various measures of SWB. In two experiments, it was shown that grateful thinking improved mood, and results also supported the predictive validity of the GRAT. These studies support the theory that gratitude is an affective trait important to SWB.
Interface strength studies of calcium phosphate ceramic coated strain gauges.

In vivo strain gauging has been used to understand physiological loading and bone remodeling. In early studies, a cyanoacrylate adhesive was used to bond gauges to bone, even though this adhesive is susceptible to biodegradation that results in rapid debonding. Calcium phosphate ceramic (CPC) coated gauges have been successfully bonded to bone for long periods. However, earlier studies noted occasional debonding of coatings from gauges. The goals of this project were to develop a technique to securely bond particles to gauge backings and develop an in vitro test and assess its accuracy in simulating in vivo degradation of this interface. Gauges were heated for different time intervals, roughened with carbide papers, and prepared using layered coatings of polysulfone and CPC particles that varied in size, shape, and crystallinity. They were soaked in solution or placed in muscle pouches of rats for up to 16 weeks. They were then epoxied to fixtures, mounted on an MTS machine, and loaded to failure. Heating and roughening gauge surfaces increased the interface strengths by up to 2000%. In vivo and in vitro testing showed an initial drop in the interface strength, which leveled off to approximately 7.0 ± 2.0 MPa.
Opioid abusers' ability to differentiate an opioid from placebo in laboratory challenge testing.

Abstract Background Abuse liability assessments influence drug development, federal regulation, and clinical care. One suggested procedure to reduce variability of assessments is a qualification phase, which assesses whether study applicants adequately distinguish active drug from placebo; applicants failing to make this distinction are disqualified. The present analyses assessed differences between qualification phase qualifiers and non-qualifiers. Methods Data were collected from 23 completers of the qualification phase of an abuse liability study. Opioid abusing participants received 30 mg oxycodone and placebo orally on separate days, and were characterized as qualifiers (vs. non-qualifiers) if their peak visual analog scale liking rating for oxycodone was at least 20 points higher than placebo's peak rating. Groups were compared on demographic characteristics, drug history, and physiologic, subject and observer ratings. Results 61% of participants were qualifiers and 39% were non-qualifiers. Groups had similar demographic characteristics, drug use histories, and pupillary constriction responses. However, unlike qualifiers, non-qualifiers had an exaggerated placebo response for the liking score (p = 0.03) and an attenuated oxycodone response for the liking score (p Conclusion Different subjective responses to identical stimuli support the use of a qualification phase in abuse liability assessments. Further research should explore objective measures that may better account for these differences, determine optimal qualification criteria, and explore the developmental course of drug use. This study also documents certain opioid abusers fail to differentiate 30 mg of oxycodone from placebo, a phenomenon deserving further study.
Automated clasification and coding based on extracted surface features in a CAD data base

Group Technology is recognised as one of the best solutions to resolve the problems in a modern manufacturing system. A sound classification and coding system is the basis of successful implementations of GT concept. However, human interpretation of engineering drawings is required during the coding process. In order to eliminate this human interpretation, an algorithm for automatically extracting surface features of symmetrical rotational parts was developed. This algorithm is used as the front-end of an automated classification and coding system. The methodology is detailed and an implementation procedure for generating KK3 GT codes is described along with examples.
Statistical measures for quantifying task and machine heterogeneities

We study heterogeneous computing (HC) systems that consist of a set of different machines that have varying capabilities. These machines are used to execute a set of heterogeneous tasks that vary in their computational complexity. Finding the optimal mapping of tasks to machines in an HC system has been shown to be, in general, an NP-complete problem. Therefore, heuristics have been used to find near-optimal mappings. The performance of allocation heuristics can be affected significantly by factors such as task and machine heterogeneities. In this paper, we identify different statistical measures used to quantify the heterogeneity of HC systems, and show the correlation between the performance of the heuristics and these measures through simple mapping examples and synthetic data analysis. In addition, we illustrate how regression trees can be used to predict the most appropriate heuristic for an HC system based on its heterogeneity.
Coarsening of precipitate clusters in stress gradients

Several recent theoretical studies and computer simulations have shown that a misfit strain and a uniform applied stress field can induce strong spatial correlations between precipitates during coarsening of two-phase microstructures. The sign and magnitude of the misfit strain and applied stress, and the difference in elastic constants between precipitate and matrix phases influence strongly the resultant microstructure. Most two-phase structural materials, including those used as a matrix in metal-matrix composites, experience external fields that are strongly position dependent owing to, for example, the mechanical loading conditions and system geometry, the polycrystalline nature of many materials, stress concentrators and thermal mismatch between fibers and a metal matrix. The presence of non-uniform external stress fields and stress gradients is also expected to affect microstructural evolution since the elastic field affects the thermodynamic stability of the phases. The scope of this work is to illustrate by computer simulation how such stress gradients can affect microstructural evolution during coarsening.
Means that minimize relative error, and an associated integral equation

Abstract Determinations are made of the means that minimize various relative errors in the sense that the harmonic mean of a and b minimizes the traditional relative error on [a, b]. The general problem for averaged relative error leads to a nonlinear integral equation for which we prove existence and uniqueness results, as well as constructive solution procedures. The inverse problem of finding the measure of relative error corresponding to a given mean is also analyzed in detail. These studies shed light on both new and previously known inequalities for specific means.
Aberrant penetrating posterior descending artery from proximal right coronary artery.

We report a rare variant of the posterior descending artery (PDA) in a 51-year-old African-American male discovered in coronary CT angiography. Arising from the proximal right coronary artery near its ostium, the anomalous PDA penetrated posteriorly toward the atrioventricular junction septum, exited through the inferior pyramidal space into the posterior interventricular groove and continued in the groove as a short PDA. Along its course it gave rise to small branches to the medial wall of the right atrium, the atrioventricular node region, and the inferoseptal wall of the right ventricle. Clin. Anat. 24:956–958, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered distribution of synaptic densities at aberrant synapses in the chick cochlear nucleus

The role of axon-target cell interactions in shaping the prevalence and distribution of synaptic densities was studied in an experimentally-induced aberrant functional projection from the chick cochlear nucleus (nuc. magnocellularis, NM) to the contralateral NM. Contact with an abnormal target appears to induce in the aberrant axons a pattern of presynaptic densities resembling that in normal cochlear nerve endings in NM. NM axon terminals induced similar numbers of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) per unit length of membrane apposition in both their normal and abnormal targets but the longer membrane apposition in the highly invaginated aberrant terminal in NM results in a significantly greater amount of postsynaptic density per ending. These auditory neurons thus appear able to adjust a variety of features to permit assembly and maintenance of a novel functional synapse.
The Relationship of the MSCR Test to Rutting

ABSTRACT The Multi-stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) Test is currently being considered as a replacement for the Superpave high temperature binder criteria G* sinδ. The MSCR test can distinguish between the rutting properties of both neat binders and polymer modified binders. The test is run on the same dynamic shear rheometer test equipment currently used for the current Superpave binder testing and is easy to run. The validation of the MSCR compliance value Jnr to rutting was done through extensive mix testing using laboratory rut testers, large Accelerated Loading Facilities and actual roadway sections. This paper covers the validation of the MSCR test binder compliance value Jnr to mixture rutting for modified and neat binders. Multiple binders and mix types are included in the validation and it is demonstrated that the MSCR test provides a much better correlation to mixture rutting than the existing Superpave binder criteria.
Effects of airborne particles on optical equipment

Observatories are affected by dust particles in the air and those that settle on the mirror surfaces. Here we analyze seven years of weather and dust particle data from the Apache Point Observatory (APO) in Sunspot, New Mexico, to find correlations between dust and other weather factors, and also find correlations between the APO data and the Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO) weather data. Exposure of optics to strong dust events should be avoided, so we considered different possible observatory clousre criteria based on these data.
Relationship of aging, food reserves, and infectivity of larvae of Ascaridia galli.

1. 1. A physiological study was made of the effects of age on the infectivity of eggs of the fowl nematode, Ascaridia galli. 2. 2. Experiments with susceptible chicks were conducted to determine the infectivity of different-aged A. galli eggs. The average number of A. galli recovered per chick was larger from younger cultures than from older cultures. 3. 3. A. galli egg cultures maintained under laboratory conditions demonstrated high infectivity until approximately 200 days of age. 4. 4. A rapid decline in the infectivity of A. galli egg cultures occurred between the ages of 200 and 290 days. Results from repeated tests showed but slight infectivity of A. galli egg cultures one year (365 days) or more old. 5. 5. Measurements of the fat-containing areas in the bodies of different aged A. galli larvae demonstrated a diminution of fat (reserve food substance) with increase of age. 6. 6. The decrease of fat content occurs more rapidly in the younger larvae than in the older ones. 7. 7. The initial decline in the fat content was greater than was the initial fall in infectivity. 8. 8. Exhaustion of fat from the larvae liberated from older egg cultures and loss of infectivity appeared to be correlated. 9. 9. The occasional worms recovered from infections produced by cultures over one year (365 days) of age may be explained in part by their retention of fat in spite of their chronological age. 10. 10. Maintenance of embryonated egg cultures of the fowl nematode, A. galli, at a temperature of 28 °C for periods of more than 200 days results in the loss of a large portion of the fat reserves and of most of the infectivity of the larvae.
Transgender and Transsexual Studies: Sociology's Influence and Future Steps

This article provides a general sense of transgender studies in sociology. It does so by looking at the definitions and relationship between the terms transgender and transsexual, the history of transsexual studies, sociology’s place in this development, and the active production (by trans people) of transsexual and transgender studies. This review primarily focuses on US sociological writing, including ethnomethodology, labeling, feminist, and symbolic interactionist frameworks, while incorporating critical theory, queer theory, and other interdisciplinary influences. The article explores various movements in the recent history of this scholarship: for instance, while transsexual studies were mostly developed with a male-to-female transsexual perspective, recent scholarship place female-to-male transsexual and transgender identity centrally. I present current trends and future steps of sociological inquiry in the area of transgender studies as a way of closing the discussion of sociology’s potential contributions in the near future.
Empirical correction of crosstalk in a low-background germanium γ-γ analysis system

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is currently developing a custom software suite capable of automating many of the tasks required to accurately analyze coincident signals within gamma spectrometer arrays. During the course of this work, significant crosstalk was identified in the energy determination for spectra collected with a new low-background intrinsic germanium (HPGe) array at PNNL. The HPGe array is designed for high detection efficiency, ultra-low-background performance, and sensitive γ–γ coincidence detection. The first half of the array, a single cryostat containing seven HPGe crystals, was recently installed into a new shallow underground laboratory facility. This update will present a brief review of the germanium array, describe the observed crosstalk, and present a straight-forward empirical correction that significantly reduces the impact of this crosstalk on the spectroscopic performance of the system.
Hepatic lipase: a member of a family of structurally related lipases.

Abstract Partial amino acid sequence of rat hepatic lipase was obtained by gas-phase microsequence analysis of proteolytic fragments. Sequence comparison to bovine lipoprotein lipase and porcine pancreatic lipase reveals a highly conserved region existing among these three physiologically distinct lipolytic enzymes. In a stretch of 36 amino acid residues previously reported for pancreatic lipase (De Caro J., Boudouard M., Bonicel J., Guidoni A., Desnuelle P. and Rovery M. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 671, 129–138), nineteen residues are identical for all three enzymes, whereas 27 of 36 are identical m rat hepatic lipase and bovine lipoprotein lipase. The fact that this primary structural conservation extends to three different animal species emphasizes the conclusion that these lipolytic enzymes comprise a protein family originating from a common ancestral gene.
Set-theoretic constructions of nonshrinking open covers

Abstract A family { M α | αϵA } is a shrinking of a cover { O α | αϵA } of a topological space if { M α | αϵA } also covers and M α ⊂ O α for all αϵA . ◊ ++ implies that there is a normal space such that every increasing open cover of it has a clopen shrinking but there is an open cover having no closed shrinking. ◊ implies that there is a P-space (i.e. a space having a normal product with every metric space), which has an increasing open cover having no closed shrinking. This space is used in [17] to show that any space which has a normal product with every P-space is metrizable.
A CLASS OF MIXED ASSUMED STRAIN METHODS AND THE METHOD OF INCOMPATIBLE MODES

A three-field mixed formulation in terms of displacements, stresses and an enhanced strain field is presented which encompasses, as a particular case, the classical method of incompatible modes. Within this frame-work, incompatible elements arise as particular ‘compatible’ mixed approximations of the enhanced strain field. The conditions that the stress interpolation contain piece-wise constant functions and be L2-ortho-gonal to the enhanced strain interpolation, ensure satisfaction of the patch test and allow the elimination of the stress field from the formulation. The preceding conditions are formulated in a form particularly convenient for element design. As an illustration of the methodology three new elements are developed and shown to exhibit good performance: a plane 3D elastic/plastic QUAD, an axisymmetric element and a thick plate bending QUAD. The formulation described herein is suitable for non-linear analysis.
Effects of propylene oxide doses on Cyperus and Belonolaimus control and nutrient absorption in tomato

Abstract Among the current methyl bromide alternatives under study, propylene oxide has shown potential to control soilborne diseases, nematodes, and weeds in polyethylene-mulched tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Therefore, field trials were conducted to determine the most effective propylene oxide doses against populations for the nematode Belonolaimus spp. and the weed Cyperus spp. and their effect on nutrient uptake. Propylene oxide doses were 0, 190, 380, 570, 760, and 950 L/ha. Data indicated that populations of Belonolaimus and Cyperus rapidly decreased with 570 L/ha of propylene oxide. Propylene oxide doses also affected foliar concentrations of phosphorus and potassium. There was a linear increase of phosphorus concentration as dose increased, whereas potassium concentration increased rapidly after 190 L/ha of propylene oxide. The highest tomato yields were obtained with application of 760 and 950 L/ha of propylene oxide.
Atherogenicity of insulin.

The association of diabetes mellitus with atherosclerotic vascular disease is well known. The appearance of arterial lesions, so-called macrovascular disease, which occurs to a greater extent at an earlier time in diabetic patients is, alas, a common observation for physicians treating this disease. It is important to consider the possible role of insulin in this process. In type 1 diabetes hyperinsulinemia is achieved secondary to the therapeutic attempt of the physician to regulate blood sugar. In type 2 diabetes the majority of patients have hyperinsulinemia secondary to the attempt of the pancreatic p cell to overcome the resistance to insulin and the resultant hyperglycemia seen in this form of diabetes. It is, therefore, a paradox that the high level of circulating insulin, which is necessary to regulate the blood sugar, may be detrimental to the vascular health of these patients. Thus the level of insulin, though ineffective in normalizing blood sugar, may be enough to stimulate pathologic processes in the arterial tree that might accelerate the atherosclerotic process. The evidence that explores this concept follows two themes. The first relates to clinical evidence
CCR9 Homes Metastatic Melanoma Cells to the Small Bowel

The question of why certain types of tumors often metastasize to the same organs has intrigued scientists for over a century. In 1889, Paget put forth the “seed and soil” concept that cancer cells (seed) spread in a nonrandom fashion to distant target organs where they are drawn based on a
Application of the hybrid capture 2 assay to squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: a convenient liquid-phase approach for the reliable determination of human papillomavirus status.

BACKGROUND: A growing proportion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). In light of the unique natural history and prognosis of HPV-related HNSCCs, routine HPV testing is being incorporated into diagnostic protocols. Accordingly, there is an escalating demand for an optimal detection strategy that is sensitive and specific, transferrable to the diagnostic laboratory, standardized across laboratories, cost-effective, and amenable to broad application across specimen types including cytologic preparations. METHODS: Cytologic preparations (fine-needle aspirates [FNAs] and brushes) were obtained from surgically resected HNSCCs and evaluated for the presence of high-risk HPV using the Hybrid Capture 2 assay. HPV analysis was also performed on the corresponding tissue sections using HPV in situ hybridization and p16 immunohistochemistry. In cases in which the immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization results were discordant, HPV status was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of E7 expression. HPV status in the tissues and corresponding cytologic samples was compared. RESULTS: Based on benchmark HPV testing of the tissue sections, 14 HNSCCs were classified as HPV positive and 10 as HPV negative. All corresponding cytologic preparations were correctly classified using the Hybrid Capture 2 assay. CONCLUSIONS: The Hybrid Capture 2 strategy, already widely used for the detection of high-risk HPV in cervical brushes, is readily transferrable to HNSCCs. Consistent accuracy in cytologic preparation suggests its potential application in FNAs from patients who present with lymph node metastases, and may eliminate the need to obtain tissue solely for the purpose of HPV testing. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Oscillator strength of the barium 6p5d 1 P 1 –5d 2 1 D 2 transition*

The ratio of the decay rates for the transitions 6p5d1P1–5d2 1D2 and 6p5d1P1–6s2 1S0 has been measured. The result implies an oscillator strength f ~0.51 for the former transition whose strength was not previously known. The large oscillator strength of this transition is remarkable when it is compared to the strength of the closely related 6s6p1P1–6s5d1D2 transition, which is only f ≤ 0.0034.
Through Printers' Eyes: From the Arts and Crafts Movement to Modernism

This article considers the influence of William Morris' Arts and Crafts Movement and Jan Tschichold and New Bauhaus School (Chicago) modernism on American job printing. It traces these developments in The Printing Arts, an American printers' trade journal, as its focus shifts from fine printing to advertising sales to modern typography, photography, and graphic design between 1903 and 1937. In its pages, one can sense the struggle of typographers, printers, and designers as they deal with the forces of industrialization.
An analysis of shear band formation in {100} textured f.c.c. metals

Abstract Shear band formation has been studied for the {100} 〈011〉 textured f.c.c. metals under uniaxial tension. The variations in Schmid factors as functions of lattice rotation are calculated for each slip system to account for the deformation localization. The 35° shear bands and the transition of textures found in experiments can be explained. The difference of the deformation behaviour between {100}〈011〉 and {110}〈001〉 crystals is briefly discussed. Summary In this study the concept of a previously proposed crystallographic shear-banding model (Shen 1991) is applied to the {100}〈011〉-oriented f.c.c. crystal under uniaxial tension. Variations in Schmid factors as functions of lattice rotation are obtained to account for the deformation localization. The predictions agree well with experimental results (Li and Bate 1991) of a strongly {100}〈011〉 textured aluminium sheet.
Identification of Empirically Supported Counseling Psychology Interventions Commentary

Division 17’s Special Task Group’s Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions in Counseling Psychology and their application are considered in the context of other work on empirically supported treatments, most notably that of Division 12’s Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures. Although there are many areas of overlap, it is concluded that Division 17’s group has, in some respects, taken unique positions consonant with the discipline of counseling psychology. Although the merits of the Division 17 group’s decision to eschew lists of empirically supported interventions in favor of review articles are debated, it is concluded that Division 17’s efforts will add measurably to the empirically supported interventions movement in support of practice-science integration.
Rates of carbonate dissolution in permeable sediments estimated from pore‐water profiles: The role of sea grasses

In this study we estimate sediment carbonate dissolution rates for sandy sea grass sediments on the Bahamas Bank using an inverse pore-water advection/diffusion/reaction model constrained by field observations. This model accounts for sea grass O2 input to these sediments, and also parameterizes pore-water advection through these permeable sediments as a nonlocal exchange process. The resulting rates of carbonate dissolution are positively correlated with sea grass density, and are comparable with previous rate estimates for Florida Bay sediments. In contrast, the advective uptake of O2 by these sediments decreased with increasing sea grass density. This suggests that the competing interplay between bottom-water flow, near-seabed pressure gradients, and the presence of a sea grass canopy is important in controlling this type of sediment oxygen uptake. When the carbonate dissolution rates estimated here are examined in the context of carbonate budgets for shallow-water carbonate platforms systems, they suggest that carbonate dissolution may be a significant loss term in these budgets. Sea grass-mediated carbonate dissolution may also exert a negative feedback on rising atmospheric CO2, although the magnitude of this effect remains to be quantified.
THE ROLE OF MICROBIC VIRULENCE, DOSAGE, AND HOST RESISTANCE IN DETERMINING THE SPREAD OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AMONG MICE : I. PASTEURELLA LEPISEPTICA AND PASTEURELLA AVISEPTICA INFECTIONS.

1. Three strains of Pasteurella native to rabbits, introduced into mouse communities failed to spread or survive. 2. One strain of fowl Pasteurella, so introduced, survived for 2 months without causing death, after which, it gave rise to a 5 day epidemic, fatal to 77 per cent of the population. Subsequently, no further deaths from this source occurred and the strain died out completely. 3. At the height of the epidemic, caused by the fowl strain of Pasteurella, 6 cultures were obtained which, on direct inoculation, proved to have a degree of virulence for mice and rabbits equal among themselves and the same as the strain originally employed.
Statistical properties of hybrid composites. I. Recursion analysis

An adaptation of the chain-of-bundles probability model for unidirectional intraply hybrid composites consisting of two types of fibres is given. Local load sharing, which is sensitive to the different elastic moduli of the fibres, is assumed for the non-failed fibre segments in each bundle. A sequence of tight upper bounds is developed for the probability distribu­tion of strength for the hybrid. The upper bounds are based upon the occurrence of k or more adjacent broken fibre segments in a bundle; this event is necessary but not sufficient for bundle failure. This development allows for a description of a critical crack size k *, dependent upon the load on the hybrid, which is a characterization of the length of a crack that catastrophically propagates causing bundle failure with virtual certainty. The upper bound developed with k *, based upon the hybrid median strength, is essentially identical to the true probability distribution of hybrid strength. It is also shown that the strength distribution for the hybrid composite has a weakest link structure in terms of a charac­teristic distribution function that is highly dependent upon the local load sharing rule, the fibre properties, and the geometrical structure of the hybrid. Numerical results from the model show that typically there is a negative ‘hybrid effect’ for hybrid breaking strain, but there is a positive ‘hybrid effect’ for hybrid tensile strength.
Lognormal law for a renormalization chain arising in search theory and the modelling of descent algorithms

A limit theorem is established for the asymptotic state of a Markov chain arising from an iterative renormalization. The limit theorem is illustrated in applications to the theory of random search and in probabilistic models for descent algorithms. Some special cases are also noted where exact distributional results can be obtained.
Net characterization based channel router: FT router

General heuristic algorithms that have been developed for channel routing fail to fully characterize the 'landscape' of nets to be routed and thus may yield suboptimal solutions. The authors' track-assignment type routing algorithm makes use of an extensive set of net characteristics/relationships to perform a more sophisticated search for an optimal routing layout than the less other channel routers. When a routing problem is encountered, the algorithm resorts to subdoglegging, to a single-layer segment, or to local backtracking when a solution cannot be found. The algorithm can obtain optimal solutions for all the published channel routing examples. With some multiple-cycle examples, it performs better than the public-domain channel routers such as YACR2, Chameleon, or Mighty. >
Hydrogen cyanide in comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake

[1] Spectral emission from HCN in C/1996 B2 Hyakutake was detected on UT 1996 March 24.4 (rh = 1.06 AU, Δ = 0.106 AU), using the CSHELL infrared spectrometer at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. A Boltzmann analysis of eight ro-vibrational lines in the ν3 band returned a rotational temperature (83 ± 9 K) for a region centered on the nucleus. The global HCN production rate was (4.50 ± 0.81) × 1026 molecules s−1. The HCN abundance relative to water is then (0.18 ± 0.04)%, based on direct measurements of H2O made on the same night with the same instrument and reduced with the same data processing algorithms. The measured spatial distribution for HCN is consistent with its release at the nucleus; no significant contribution from a distributed source is required within ∼600 km of the nucleus. We use these data to obtain insights regarding the origin of HCN in this comet.
The Use of Vicarious Learning in the Treatment of Sexual Concerns

This chapter presents a learning theory approach to sex therapy emphasizing the usefulness of observational or vicarious learning. The authors briefly discuss a rationale for the use of films, videotapes, books, and other media resources in the treatment of sexual problems. Indiscriminate use of these aids, however, can be countertherapeutic. Annon and Robinson have developed a conceptual scheme for determining the appropriateness of particular treatment strategies for particular patients at specific times, which they call the P-LI-SS-IT Model. The authors stress the importance of a thorough assessment to ensure effectiveness of treatment.
Desmitis of the medial tarsal collateral ligament in 7 horses

Summary Severe lameness, tarsocrural joint effusion and medially focused peritarsal swelling combined with focal pain on palpation are clinical signs suggestive of acute injury to the medial tarsal collateral ligament. Diagnosis can be made on physical examination and ultrasonographic findings; however, magnetic resonance imaging may provide more information especially with subtle injury. Acute exacerbation of the injury during the prolonged convalescence is common. The prognosis for medial tarsal collateral ligament desmitis appears good for survival but fair for return to previous levels of performance and requires prolonged periods of rest and a controlled exercise programme.