cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Vendors Buy Influence? The Relationship Between Campaign Contributions and Government Contracts

Over the past 30 years, research on government contracting has identified three major influences that help explain variation in contracting decisions—managerial, organizational, and political. This study looks to advance the political influence literature by introducing a factor that has received limited attention—vendor influence. This study specifically focuses on contract transactions at the U.S. federal government to determine if vendors influence the contract award. Traditionally, political influence is studied at the macro or meso levels. This study shifts the unit of analysis to the micro level which requires a change in measurement of political influence. The study uses vendor campaign contributions to capture political influence on this new level of focus.
Effects of Supplementary Water-Administered Vitamin D3 on Egg Shell Thickness

Abstract A total of 77,672 White Leghorn pullets, 22 weeks of age, was divided equally into a control and a treatment group. All hens were fed a commercial laying ration containing 5,478 International Chick Units (ICU) of vitamin D3 per kilogram of feed. Hens in the treatment group were administered liquid vitamin D3 via drinking water, one day per week, at a rate of 4,111 ICU D3/liter of water through 32 weeks of lay. All hens were then force molted. The effect of supplementary liquid vitamin D3 on shell thickness was studied at approximately monthly periods over a 1-year laying period. Analysis of data, using a t test, showed no significant difference in shell thickness between treatment and control groups (P>.05).
The unseen and the seen

Our progress is measured by the accumulated effects of all the ideas, seen and unseen, that appear, only to vanish and then perhaps return at the proper time. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/qu7CAOYXwfQ is a video segment in which IEEE Computer Society 2013 President David Alan Grier discusses his vision for the Society and his preparations for the 2013 presidential term.
Effect of precursor freeze-drying conditions on the sinterability of hydroxide-derived Y2O3 powders☆

Abstract The effect of a variety of precursor freeze-drying treatments on the sinterability of Y 2 O 3 powders produced by calcination of reverse strike hydroxides were investigated. Attempts were made to separate the influences of the freezing step and the subsequent water removal step. Variations in both steps were found to affect ultimate sinterability. Freezing of the gelatinous precursor was found to be beneficial, regardless of the way in which water was later removed, although vacuum removal without remelting led to the most sinterable powders. A brief study was made of possible benefits to be derived by precipitation of the precursor at pH values above that corresponding to the isoelectric point.
The Care and Feeding of the Personal Computer

Following the tips in this article can prevent problems, dramatically increase your use of your personal computer, and lengthen your computer's lifespan.
An Implicit Multidomain Spectral Collocation Method for the Simulation of Gas Bearings Between Textured Surfaces

This work presents an implicit, multidomain, Chebyshev spectral collocation method for the solution of the compressible Reynolds equation of lubrication for a self-acting air bearing supporting a taper-flat slider. The method maintains second-order accuracy in time and exponential accuracy in space. Multiple domains are introduced to allow for the distribution of additional collocation points in the boundary layer regions without increasing the number of collocation points everywhere else in the computational domain. Multiple domains are also used to resolve individual sinusoidal roughness waves, demonstrating the method's utility in resolving geometric and/or flow features in the interior of the computational domain. The ordinary differential equations governing the slider's two degrees of freedom are integrated in time by the use of a fourth-order Adams-Bashforth method which allows for accurate and efficient coupling with the fluid dynamics of the gas bearing. The strength of the multidomain pseudospectral method in resolving problems with important geometric features and boundary layers is demonstrated by numerical experiments for sliders possessing different taper lengths and surface textures.
Reproductive Consequences of Insect Seed Predation in Hamamelis Virginiana

Through the use of populations of marked individuals over a 4—yr period, I studied the demographic impact on a temperate forest shrub, witch—hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), of predispersal seed predation by a host—specific weevil (Pseudanthonomus hamamelidis). The general consequences of seed predation for witch—hazel recruitment are dependent upon the interaction of seed predation with the pattern of annual fruit production. Fruit production was poor in 1977 and 1978, and in these 2 yr, seed predation intensities (percent fruits attacked per crop) averaged 80—90%. In 1979, fruit crop sizes increased dramatically, resulting in only 45% seed predation on average. Fruit production declined again in 1980, and the weevils were able to attack nearly 100% of the available fruit. Thus at the population level, successful seed production is episodic, with large numbers of seeds being produced in the occasional good fruiting year through satiation of seed predators. The host specificity of Pseudanthonomus provides a ...
Duck hemoglobin messenger RNA contains a polynucleotide sequence rich in adenylic acid.

Abstract A polynucleotide sequence rich in adenylic acid and approximately 150 nucleotides long has been isolated from duck hemoglobin messenger RNA.
Epidemiology of vitamin D and colorectal cancer: Casual or causal link?

Abstract Introduction Since Garland and Garland hypothesized that better vitamin D status lowered risk of colorectal cancer in 1980, the relation between vitamin D status and colorectal cancer risk has been investigated in epidemiologic studies. These studies are reviewed. Materials and methods Various approaches have been used to estimate vitamin D status, including direct measures of circulating 25(OH)vitamin D levels, surrogates or determinants of vitamin D (including region of residence, intake, and sun exposure estimates, or a combination of these). These measures of vitamin D status have been studied in relation to colorectal adenoma, cancer incidence and mortality. Results In general, all lines of inquiry from observational studies indicate that an association between better vitamin D status and lower colorectal cancer risk exists. While most of the studies have examined vitamin D status in relation to risk of cancer, some evidence suggests that vitamin D may be additionally important for colorectal cancer progression and mortality. Discussion Although confounding factors cannot be entirely excluded, the consistency of the association using various approaches to measure vitamin D, for diverse endpoints and in diverse populations shows high consistency and is suggestive of a causal association. Thus, improving vitamin D status could be potentially beneficial against colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Catalytic properties of biomimetic metallomacrocycles intercalated in layered double hydroxides and smectite clay: the importance of edge-site access

Abstract Anionic and cationic forms of two biomimetic macrocyclic metal complexes, namely, Co(II)-tetrasulfophthalocyanine anions, [CoPcTs]4−, and Co(II)-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridiniumyl)porphyrin cations, [CoTMPyP]4+, have been intercalated in Mg Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) and a fluorohectorite smectite clay, respectively. The catalytic activities of the intercalated complexes for the dioxygen oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol have been compared with those for the corresponding complexes under homogeneous reaction conditions. [CoPcTs]4− intercalated in Mg2Al- and Mg4Al-layered double hydroxides exhibit dramatically enhanced catalytic activity and longevity relative the homogenous metal complex. In contrast, [CoTMPyP]4+ intercalated in F-hectorite reduces the activity of the metallomacrocycle. The activities are correlated with the orientation of the macrocyclic complex in the galleries of the layered host. In the LDH intercalates, the plane of the complex is perpendicular to the host layers, whereas in F-hectorite the plane is inclined at an angle of 27°. The vertical orientation of the macrocycle in LDHs optimizes the accessibility of the metal complex centers near the external edge sites of the crystallites, which are the most important sites for reaction with the substrate. Metallomacrocycles bound at intracrystal gallery sites or at the external basal planes of the host are not readily accessible for reaction and do not contribute greatly to the overall catalytic activity.
SU‐HH‐AUD C‐10: The Imaging and Dosimetric Capabilities of a Novel CT/MR‐Suitable, Anatomically Adaptive, Shielded HDR/PDR Intracavitary Brachytherapy Applicator for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer

Purpose: To design and investigate the imaging and dosimetric capabilities of a novel, CT/MR‐suitable, anatomically adaptive, shielded cervical HDR/PDR brachytherapy applicator. Method and Materials: An applicator was constructed featuring an inter‐colpostat shield that can translate/rotate about the colpostat's long‐axis. Artifact‐free CTimaging was achieved using a “step‐and‐shoot” technique; pausing the scanner midway through the scan and moving the shield out of the beam's path. Artifact‐free MRIimaging was achieved by utilizing MRI‐compatible ovoid components and pulse‐sequences that minimize susceptibility artifacts. The applicator's imaging capabilities were demonstrated acquiring images using phantoms that positioned the novel and Fletcher‐Williamson ICBT applicators in clinically‐applicable geometries for both modalities. Artifacts were qualitatively compared. To evaluate any dosimetric advantages, Monte‐Carlo models of the novel and FW applicators were first validated. Anatomies of patients that have undergone ICBT for cervical disease were modeled using Monte‐Carlo and spatially registered with models of both applicators using SolidWorks; a CAD software suite. Equivalent, clinically‐applicable 192 Ir loadings were simulated for both applicators using Monte‐Carlo techniques. The novel applicator shield's rotation and translation was adjusted for each dwell position in order to minimize dose to the rectum and superimposed for comparison to equivalent FW treatments. Rectal dose (rate and absolute) volume histograms were determined for both applicators and compared. Results: Using a “step‐and‐shoot” CT scanning method and MR compliant materials and optimal pulse‐sequences, images of the novel applicator were artifact‐free using both modalities. Additionally, for the patient case presented, there is a 26% and 13% reduction of d90 and d50, respectively, and a 13% reduction in overall absolute dose to the rectum when compared to equivalent Fletcher‐Williamson ICBT treatments. Conclusion: A novel ICBT applicator can be imaged using CT/MR without artifact and reduce dose to the rectum compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art, FW ICBT applicator. Conflict‐of‐Interest: Work partially supported by Nucletron Corp.
Functional and biochemical characterization of B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) produced by an HTLV-I-transformed human T-cell clone and demonstration of specific binding of the factor to a BCDF responsive cell line

Abstract We have previously described YA2, a human T-cell clone that secretes B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) but not B-cell growth factor (BCGF). The BCDFs secreted by YA2 and HTLV-I-transformed YA2 (TYA2) were functionally similar in their ability to stimulate Ig secretion by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I-activated B cells and IgM secretion by SKW6.4 cells. In addition, they were biochemically similar with a MW of 30 kDa by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) sieving, and a pI of 6.0–6.8 by isoelectric focusing. The BCDF activity was not blocked by antibodies to interleukin 2 and BCGF. BCDF was purified from TYA2 supernatant by sequential media protein immunoadsorption, flat bed isoelectric focusing, HPLC TSK 2000 sieving, and repeated immunoadsorption and was then iodinated. The iodinated material had functional BCDF activity and migrated to a single band at MW 30 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and at pI of 6.8 by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. 125I-BCDF purified in this manner bound specifically to a BCDF-responsive cell line and not to phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells. 125I binding to the BCDF-responsive cell line was competitively inhibitable by the addition of cold BCDF. Thus we have purified and characterized a factor with BCDF activity and demonstrated that this factor binds specifically to a BCDF-responsive cell line.
A stochastic Richardson's arms race model

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTA stochastic version of the Richardson's arms race model is considered through the method of birth-death processes. The expected value of the model is obtained and shown to be analogous to the original deterministic arms race model.
Decision theoretic Bayesian hypothesis testing with the selection goal

Consider a probability model Pθ,α, where θ=(θ1,θ2,…,θk)T is a parameter vector of interest, and α is some nuisance parameter. The problem of testing null hypothesis H0: θ1=θ2=…=θk against selecting one of k alternative hypotheses Hi:θi=θ[k] > θ[1], i=1,2,…,k, where θ[k]=max{θ1,θ2,…,θk} and θ[1]=min{θ1,θ2,…,θk}, is formulated from a Bayesian decision theoretic point of view. This problem can be viewed as selecting a component with the largest parameter value if the null hypothesis is rejected. General results are obtained for the Bayes rule under monotonic permutation invariant loss functions. Bayes rules are obtained for k one-parameter exponential families of distributions under conjugate priors. The example of normal populations is considered in more detail under the non-informative (improper) priors. It is demonstrated through this example that the classical hypothesis testing yields a poor power as compared to the Bayes rules when the alternatives are such that a small fraction of the components of θ have significantly high values while most of them have low values. Consequences of this for the high dimensional data such as microarray data are pointed out.
Conjugate-Concentric Laser Resonator

A laser resonator is described in which both reflective and refractive surfaces are used as parts of the “resonating circuit.” The basic geometry of the resonator, termed conjugate-concentric resonator, is that of a simple imaging system in which the passive lens is replaced by an active one while the external concentric mirrors occupy an object and an image surface. The eigenvalue problem for this resonator is formulated in both Cartesian and polar coordinates and the corresponding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are computed numerically. It is then shown that the basic property of this resonator is its high angular degeneracy. This property makes it well suited for the application of internal spatial filtering techniques. The practically interesting case of a cosine-shaped spatial filter is considered in some detail.
Book Review: Gold Chemistry: Applications and Future Directions in the Life Sciences

This PDF file contains the editorial “Book Review: Gold Chemistry: Applications and Future Directions in the Life Sciences” for JNP Vol. 3 Issue 01
Fathering Occupations: An Analysis of Narrative Accounts of Fathering Children with Special Needs

This study examined men's representations of their experiences of raising special needs children through the analysis of fathers’ own narratives. Though mothering occupations have been an important subject within occupational science, fathering occupations represent an important aspect of numerous men's lives that has received little attention. Memoirs published by fathers of special needs children between 2000 and 2011 were examined for stories that describe participation in fathering occupations. Narrative methods were employed, with six primary themes emerging: co-created occupations, meaningfulness of the ordinary, importance of communication and forms of socialization, adaptations, distribution of responsibilities, and advocacy. This study contributes to occupational science and the interdisciplinary study of fatherhood through the presentation of the enactment of fatherhood as a meaningful occupation.
Regenerative Calcium Release within Muscle Cells

Free calcium appears to trigger the release of stored calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned skeletal muscle fibers immersed in solutions with a low concentration of magnesium ion.
Some Important Aspects of Plasma Polymerization

Summary: Some important aspects of the processing of plasma polymerization coating, which are not well known or well practiced, are discussed in a brief topical overview. Those aspects are the following: 1) power input parameters for diffuse luminous gas phase polymerization, DC cathodic polymerization, and low pressure cascade arc torch (LPCAT) polymerization, 2) ionization in negative glow versus molecular dissociation in dissociation glow (cathode glow), 3) influence of the deposition plasma on the substrate polymer, 4) types of plasma polymers, 5) importance of the amorphous nature of plasma polymers, 6) chemical reactions in beams versus in the gas phase, and 7) onion-layered structure of the luminous gas phase and operation scale-up. Glow discharges of Ar (left) and of an organic molecule (right).
Characterization of solid embeddable reference electrodes for corrosion monitoring in reinforced concrete structures

Abstract Metal–metal oxide (MMO), graphite and laboratory-made Ag/AgCl electrodes were electrochemically characterized to be used as reference electrodes embedded in concrete structures. Electrodes were studied in both, aqueous solutions of pH ranging from 7 to 13.5 and embedded into cement mortars; and the electrochemical studies were carried out in the absence and presence of chloride ions. Potential evolution, polarization behaviour, galvanostatic pulse response and impedance characteristics of the electrodes were carried out in aqueous solutions. Besides, the electrochemical stability of the electrodes embedded in mortar was studied for an exposure period of 2 years. It was found that the MMO pseudo-reference electrode is pH-sensitive, the graphite pseudo-reference electrode is oxygen sensitive and the Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode is chloride sensitive. In spite of the fact that any of them can be used to determine the corrosion rates of rebars because they do not depend on the absolute potential and/or the long-term stability of the reference electrode when using traditional electrochemical techniques, long-term drifts in the electrode potentials may lead to misinterpretations of the rebar state. In this context graphite electrodes are recommended because they provide conservative results regarding the active/passive state of the rebars.
Polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis genetic analysis microdevice with in-line affinity capture sample injection.

An integrated polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis (CE) microdevice with an efficient in-line affinity-based injector has been developed for genetic analysis. Double stranded DNA PCR amplicons generated in an integrated 250 nL PCR reactor are captured, purified, and preconcentrated by an oligonucleotide probe immobilized in an in situ polymerized gel matrix followed by thermal release and injection into the CE-separation channel. This in-column injector employs a photopolymerized oligonucleotide-modified acrylamide capture gel to eliminate band broadening and increase the injection efficiency to 100%. The on-chip generated PCR amplicons processed on this microdevice exhibit a 3−5 fold increase in signal intensities and improved resolution compared to our previous T-shaped injector. Multiplex analysis of 191-bp amplicons from Escherichia coli O157 and 256-bp amplicons from E. coli K12 is achieved with a 6-fold increase in resolution. These advances are exploited to successfully detect ...
The diagnostic interface between noninvasive cerebral vascular testing and digital arteriography.

Abstract Two hundred forty patients with signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular disease were evaluated by digital and/or standard arteriography. One hundred twenty symptomatic patients had intravenous digital arteriography (IVDSA) done as the initial diagnostic study. Twenty-five percent (30 patients) had inadequate intravenous examinations and required additional intra-arterial studies. Twenty-seven of the 30 supplemental arteriograms (90%) demonstrated clinically significant disease. The remaining 120 patients (30 asymptomatic, 90 symptomatic) had preangiographic screening with continuous-wave Doppler and spectral analysis. Forty-eight (40%) patients had hemodynamically severe lesions and 72 (60%) had moderate stenosis or arterial wall disease. IVDSA was performed when critical disease was present and intra-arterial arteriography (80% digital and 20% standard) was done when mild or moderate disease was found. The use of digital techniques on the basis of results of preangiographic noninvasive testing improved the diagnostic accuracy of IVDSA and reduced the incidence of inadequate studies to 6%. Intraarterial digital angiography (IADSA) was advantageous in reducing costs and patient risks when IVDSA was inappropriate.
Allozyme polymorphisms permit the identification of larval and juvenile rockfishes of the genus Sebastes

ManySebastes larvae lack distinguishing morphological characteristics, particularly in the size range of 8–12 mm. Complete descriptions are available for only about 12 of the 72 northeastern Pacific species. Allozyme analysis has been very useful in the identification of adultSebastes, and our objective was to determine whether it could be equally useful in the identification of larvae and juveniles. Individually dissected tissues (muscle, liver, eye, heart) were assayed fromSebastes juveniles (>30 mm total length (TL)). The allozyme activity and resolution from the juveniles for 33 loci were indistinguishable from those obtained from adults. Larvae (5–12 mm TL) were prepared whole, and their allozyme expression varied by individual size and locus. A total of 32 loci were resolved from the larger (9–12 mm TL) larvae, but the allozyme activity was reduced in smaller (5–8 mm TL) larvae. Adequate resolution from the smaller larvae was obtained for 28 loci, a sufficient number to identify individuals to species. Allozyme analysis is a valuable technique to identify the species ofSebastes larvae and to aid in developing morphological and meristic descriptions. Other DNA-level techniques will likely further increase our ability to identifySebastes larvae.
Physiological impact of continuous flow on end-organ function: clinical implications in the current era of left ventricular assist devices

The clinical era of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices has debunked many myths about the dire need of a pulse for human existence. While this therapy has been documented to provide a clear survival benefit in end-stage heart failure patients, we are now faced with certain morbidity challenges that as of yet have no easy mechanistic physiological explanation. The effect of physiological changes on end-organ function in patients supported by continuous-flow ventricular assist devices may offer insight into some of these morbidities. We therefore present a review of current evidence documenting the impact of continuous flow on end-organ function.
Energy-based comparison of various controllers for vibration suppression using piezoceramics

The large-scale and light-weight design trend in aircraft and spacecraft results in extremely flexible structures with lowfrequency vibration modes. Suppression of undesired vibrations in such flexible structures with limited energy is becoming an important design problem to develop energy-autonomous controllers powered using the harvested ambient energy. The objective of this paper is to compare different control laws to suppress low-frequency vibrations using the minimum actuation energy for the same system and under the same design constraint (identical settling time for free vibrations). The vibration suppression performance of four active control systems as well as their hybrid versions employing a switching technique are presented and compared. The control systems compared here are a Positive Position Feedback (PPF) controller, a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, a nonlinear controller (with a second-order nonlinear term multiplying the position and velocity feedback to create variable damping), a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller and their hybrid versions integrating a bang-bang control law (on-off control) with each of these controllers. Experimental results are presented for a thin cantilevered beam with a piezoceramic transducer controlled by these eight controllers with a focus on the fundamental vibration mode under transverse free vibrations and the control energy requirements are compared. Experiments results reveal that all the controllers reduce the vibration settling time to 0.85s as a design constraint (which is 92.3% of the open-loop settling time: 10.9s). The average actuation power input provided to the piezoceramic transducer in each case is obtained for the time current and voltage measurements until the settling time. Comparisons show that the switching technology reduces significant actuation power requirement, so that all the hybrid control systems require much less power than their conventional versions. Especially, the hybrid bang-bang-nonlinear controller requires 67% less power than the conventional nonlinear controller. In order to verify this statement, the actuation current is theoretically calculated through piezo-capacitance using voltage measurements to check out the average power estimation. The theoretical checking out provides the same results with slightly error, which can be explained by measurement errors.
Sex predetermination: demographic effects.

Abstract This model attempts to predict the effects on family size and sex ratio of sex-of-child preferences when parents can influence the sex of their children. A couple's decision making is described by a decision rule according to which the couple acts. A decision rule is defined as a set of decisions formulated in advance of childbearing, specifying sex predetermination choices which affect the probability of conceiving a child of the desired sex. Optimal decision rules to minimize expected family size are determined.
An alleged problem for possible worlds semantics

regarding anything as true? Might there not be representations that promote the satisfaction of the subject's desires just if their content is true but which are more primitive than beliefs? This is not the place to answer these questions. Nevertheless, it seems that to regard something as true, no less than to believe it, is to adopt an attitude which makes us responsive to norms of rationality. Being in a representational state with the right motivational powers does not obviously imply being subject in the same way to the relevant norms, and so does not obviously imply being in a state of regarding as true. In assessing the motivational theory of belief, we might do better to consider, not whether the motivational theory fails to distinguish one kind of regarding-as-true attitude from another, but rather whether it fails to rule out the possibility of states which share the motivational role of beliefs, but which cannot be considered even as attitudes in which the subject regards something as true.4
Involvement of platelet activating factor in physiological stress in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis.

Abstract 1. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and 1- O -alkyl-linked choline-containing phosphoglycerides have been identified in the blood of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis . 2. The level of PAF in the blood of chronically stressed lizards is 250% higher than in that of controls; the blood contains sufficient 1- O -alkyl-linked choline-containing phosphoglycerides to support the synthesis of PAF. 3. Incorporation of PAF is higher in the liver than in the blood; control animals incorporate more PAF than chronically stressed animals. 4. “Lyso”-PAF is the major metabolite in the blood; whereas, in the liver both “lyso”-PAF and “acyl”-PAF are predominant products. 5. 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine:acetylhydrolase activity in the chronically stressed or corticosterone-implanted lizards is increased 2- to 3-fold over the control. 6. Involvement of PAF in the physiological response to psychological stress is indicated.
Proximal Variables in Families of Children Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine and Enrolled in a Center- or Home-Based Intervention

The present study examined proximal variables in families of children prenatally exposed to cocaine and enrolled in a large-scale intervention program. Fifty-six high-risk families of children enro...
Control of conditional discrimination performance by CS-evoked event representations

The ability of visual CSs previously paired with flavored substances to substitute for those substances as conditional discriminative cues was examined in two Pavlovian appetitive con­ ditioning experiments using rat subjects. In Experiment 1, a visual stimulus was first paired with the delivery of a sucrose solution. Then the rats were trained in conditional discrimination tasks in which sucrose delivery alone served as a conditional cue signaling whether or not a sub­ sequent tone would be reinforced with food pellets. Subjects rapidly acquired discriminative performance to the tones, especially in a feature-negative condition in which sucrose delivery signaled when the tone would not be reinforced. In a subsequent test in which neither food nor sucrose was delivered, presentation of the visual CS also controlled discriminative performance to subsequently presented tones. Experiment 2 showed the ability of a visual CS to substitute for a flavored substance as a conditional cue to be highly stimulus specific. Experiment 2 also showedthat a flavored substance was less effective as a conditional cue when it was made to be expected by preceding it with a previously associated visual signal than when it was made to be surprising by preceding it with a visual stimulus signaling another flavored liquid. These re­ sults indicate that CS-evoked representations of events can substitute for those events them­ selves in the control of previously established conditional discrimination performance.
Injury and plasma protein biosynthesis. I. Hepatic nucleic acid metabolism.

Abstract The apparent induction of plasma glycoprotein synthesis following injury can be abolished by administration of actinomycin D at appropriate times relative to injury. It may be inferred, therefore, that injury triggers the synthesis of hepatic RNA specific for the increase in synthesis of the seromucoid fraction. This possible relationship was investigated by stidying the effects of injury on DNA synthesis, and on the activity of the non-stimulated and ammonium sulfate-stimulated forms of RNA polymerase. Injury had no detectable influence on DNA synthesis nor on the activities of RNA polymerase. Ribonucleic acid synthesis was at first inhibited by about 50% 2 h following injury, but was then stimulated to 3–5 times normal by 8 h. The rate of synthesis of RNA was normal 12–16 h after injury. Administration of actinomycin D at the time of injury prevented the injury-induced increase of RNA synthesis. The administration of actinomycin D at 8 h following injury stopped the subsequent stimulated synthesis of RNA immediately and completely but had no effect on the injury-induced seromucoid synthesis. The relationships between injury, hepatic nucleic acid synthesis and plasma protein synthesis have been discussed.
Multiple Regression Analysis of Split-Plot Factorial Designs

Cohen and Cohen (1983) and Pedhazur (1982) have describeddifferent procedures for the multiple regression analysis of split-plot factorial designs. In the present study both procedures wereapplied to a small data set previously analyzed by Kirk (1982), whonoted that two cases need to be distinguished when the groupscontain unequal numbers of subjects. The results demonstratedthat (a) Cohen and Cohen's procedure and Pedhazur's give thesame results when applied to the same data, and (b) both procedures address the case in which the investigator deliberatelyselected unequal numbers of subjects for the groups, proportionalto the sizes of the corresponding populations.
Humoral components of host defense in sickle cell disease during painful crisis and asymptomatic periods

cemia is not secondary to hyperinsulinism, '~ the incidence is likely to be low. Occasional false negative results may be seen, such as the patient with hyperinsulinism who demonstrated a 2x plasma glucose of only 26 m g / d l in response to glucagon. On the other hand, giving glucagon involves no risk to the patient, and may be therapeutic in patients with hyperinsulinism. Since plasma glucose determinations are readily available, the glucagon stimulation test provides a method for rapidly making a presumptive diagnosis of hyperinsulinism to guide further studies and therapy.
Optimization of the ADS Final Turn Maneuver in 2D and 3D

This paper deals with the problem of optimization of the final turn–into-the-wind maneuver of an aerial delivery system with account of the best known winds. The wind model required for the optimization algorithm to work may utilize onboard wind estimates only, incorporate the ground winds provided a priori or on-line by the target ground station, or be based on the winds measured and uplinked by the preceding system. The previous work by the authors took care of the major touchdown error contributor, downwind variation of the winds. The effect of these variations was mitigated by constantly recomputing an optimal reference trajectory to complete a final turn in a given time. This paper presents some modifications of the original optimization routine to accommodate some specific applications including intentional landing with a substantial crosswind component and operating in the mountainous areas with significant variations in the vertical component of the wind (updrafts and downdrafts). Specifically, the paper presents derivation of equations to account for one-, two- and three-dimensional structure of the wind. In addition, adjustments to the optimal control problem using the direct-method-based approach developed earlier for a simple one-dimensional wind model are developed.
Archaeology and the “Savage Slot”: Displacement and Emplacement in the Premodern World

Many attempts to understand the cultural impact of the forces of modernism, capitalism, and globalization have come to highlight contemporary cultural diversity at the expense of reifying a homogenized past of traditional, static societies. The “savage slot” still provides a convenient myth for characterizing small-scale communities before the advent of modernism—communities that experienced dramatic change only as they were pulled into the world system. Archaeological evidence from the southeastern United States challenges this stereotype, as Native American groups routinely migrated and continually redefined notions of “place” and “locality”—processes often treated as distinctly (post)modern. Such case studies emphasize the importance of working toward a deep historical anthropology that will continue to undermine stereotypes about the Other in the past as well as the present.
Model-based quality monitoring of batch and semi-batch processes

Abstract In this paper, a model-based inferential quality monitoring approach for a class of batch systems is investigated. Given the appropriate model form, the batch quality monitoring problem can be reduced to the problem of state estimation for batch and semi-batch processes. Because feed upsets are often a major source of disturbance in this type of system, it is shown that estimating the initial conditions can lead to improved state estimates throughout the batch as well as improved monitoring and control of end-use quality in many cases. The approach taken in this paper is to reduce the effects of the initial uncertainty resulting from feed disturbances by using algorithms designed to perform on-line smoothing of the initial conditions. First, an Extended Kalman Filter-based fixed-point smoothing algorithm is presented and compared to a popular approach to estimating the initial conditions. Subsequently, a nonlinear optimization-based approach is introduced and analyzed. A sub-optimal on-line approximation to the optimization problem is developed and shown to be directly related to the Extended Kalman Filter-based results. Finally, some practical implementation aspects are discussed, along with simulation results from an industrially relevant example application.
A comparison of genetic feature selection and weighting techniques for multi-biometric recognition

In this paper, we compare genetic-based feature selection (GEFeS) and weighting (GEFeW) techniques for multi-biometric recognition using face and periocular biometric modalities. Our results show that fusing face and periocular features outperforms face-only and periocular-only biometric recognition. Of the two genetic-based approaches, GEFeW outperforms GEFeS.
Verification of the capability for quantitative stress prediction during epoxy cure

We previously developed a formalism to calculate the evolution of stresses during the cure of crosslinking polymers. In the present study, we characterized the chemical kinetics and cure-dependent thermophysical properties for two epoxy systems, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured by either diethanolamine or a mixture of aromatic amines. Well-defined experiments were performed in which the cure stresses for these two epoxies were measured as a function of time. The stresses predicted by our formalism, using the material parameters obtained for the two systems, agreed well with the measured stresses.
Diferrocenophosphaborin: A Planar-Chiral, Redox-Active and Anion-Responsive Ambiphilic Ligand

A new class of Janus-like ambiphilic ligands is introduced. The rigid diferrocene backbone in heterocycles 4-SnP and 4-BP creates an unprecedented chiral environment as demonstrated by multinuclear NMR and single-crystal X-ray studies. In addition, the ligands are redox-responsive and the Lewis acidic borane moiety in 4-BP can be exploited to further tune the properties: a clear decrease in the CO stretching frequency of a Vaska-type Rh(I) complex 5-BP is observed upon addition of fluoride ions. Thus, the Lewis acid and Lewis base sites influence each other and their strength can be modulated by redox chemistry and anion binding.
THE EFFECTS OF INSURANCE MANDATES ON CHOICES AND OUTCOMES IN INFERTILITY TREATMENT MARKETS

For the 10% to 15% of American married couples who experience reproductive problems, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the leading technologically advanced treatment procedure. However, IVF's expense may prevent many couples from receiving treatment, and those who are treated may take an overly aggressive approach to reduce the probability of failure. Aggressive treatment, which occurs through an increase in the number of embryos transferred during IVF, can lead to medically dangerous multiple births. We evaluated the principle policy proposal-insurance mandates-for improving IVF access and outcomes. We used data from US markets during 1995-2003 to show that broad insurance mandates for IVF result in not only large increases in treatment access but also significantly less aggressive treatment. More limited insurance mandates, which may apply to a subset of insurers or provide weaker guidelines for insurer behavior, generally have little effect on IVF markets.
Non–mass-associated intraductal papillomas: is excision necessary?

Intraductal papillomas (IDPs) of the breast can be associated with a variety of clinical symptoms and radiologic findings. Surgical excision is often recommended based on the possibility of an associated high-grade lesion. Although the rate of upgrades has been extensively evaluated for IDPs, many studies are hindered by broad inclusion criteria, a lack of pathologic-radiologic concordance, and no standard definition of what constitutes an upgrade. In the current study, we evaluate the risk of upgrade for a specific subset of IDPs: non-mass-associated IDPs. We identified all breast needle core biopsies with a diagnosis of IDP between 2003 and 2010. Patients with associated masses, architectural distortion, or ipsilateral breast cancer were excluded. All needle core biopsy slides and relevant imaging studies were reviewed to ensure pathologic-radiologic concordance. Excision pathology was also reviewed; an upgrade was defined as the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma in the excision. Seventy-nine IDPs that met inclusion criteria were identified and were further divided into 3 histologic categories: micropapilloma, fragmented IDP, and atypical IDP. Micropapillomas and fragmented IDPs had no upgrades (0/37). In patients who did not undergo excision, none subsequently developed ipsilateral breast cancer (follow-up, 50-61 months). This is in contrast to atypical IDPs that had a 33% upgrade rate. One patient with an unexcised atypical IDP developed ipsilateral breast cancer within 2 years. Our data suggest that conservative follow-up is reasonable for non-mass-associated IDPs without atypia regardless of microscopic size, provided that careful pathologic-radiologic correlation is achieved.
Impact of Prostate Gland Volume on Cryoablation Prostate-specific Antigen Outcomes

Objectives To assess the impact of prostate volume on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) outcomes after primary whole-gland cryoablation. Methods The prognostic value of prostate volume, PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score, risk category, and clinical stage for favorable initial postcryoablation PSA ( 3 (n = 2316) and ≥50 cm 3 (n = 369). The incidence of incontinence, rectal fistula, and potency is reported. Results Prostate volume was not a statistically significant predictor of favorable PSA outcome ( P = .153, univariate, 0.101, multivariate). Favorable PSA ( 3 ) and 83% (≥50 cm 3 ) of patients, respectively. PSA at diagnosis ( P = .02) and Gleason score ( P P P Conclusions Prostate volume does not predict for favorable PSA after cryoablation. PSA at diagnosis ( P = .02) and Gleason score ( P P P
Optical absorption of color centers in lithium fluoride containing magnesium additive

Abstract A new absorption band appears when LiF containing small amounts of magnesium is irradiated by gamma rays. This band is very broad, extending from the F -band out to 600 mμ, and is somewhat unstable thermally at room temperature. It appears when the magnesium ions are precipitated as well as when they are dispersed, although the behavior is slightly different in the two cases. An interpretation in terms of F− 2 molecules stabilized by proximity of magnesium ions is given. When LiF containing magnesium is irradiated by neutrons at 350°C, a band peaking near 225 mμ is observed in place of the F -band. This band is similar to a band previously reported at 222 mμ by several workers, but these experiments are the first to show that its occurrence is definitely associated with the presence of magnesium. It is tentatively suggested that this band may be a Z -band, analogous to Z -bands in, e.g., KCl:Sr.
One- and Two-Color Photon Echo Peak Shift Studies of Photosystem I

Wavelength-dependent one- and two-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy was performed on the chlorophyll Qy band of trimeric photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Sub-100 fs energy transfer steps were observed in addition to longer time scales previously measured by others. In the main PSI absorption peak (675-700 nm), the peak shift decays more slowly with increasing wavelength, implying that energy transfer between pigments of similar excitation energy is slower for pigments with lower site energies. In the far-red region (715 nm), the decay of the peak shift is more rapid and is complete by 1 ps, a consequence of the strong electron-phonon coupling present in this spectral region. Two-color photon echo peak shift data show strong excitonic coupling between pigments absorbing at 675 nm and those absorbing at 700 nm. The one- and two-color peak shifts were simulated using the previously developed energy transfer model (J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 10251; Biophysical Journal 2003, 85, 140). The simulations agree well with the experimental data. Two-color photon echo peak shift is shown to be far more sensitive to variations in the molecular Hamiltonian than one-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy.
Stoichiometry of oxygen consumption and sugar, organic acid and amino acid utilization in salivary sediment and pure cultures of oral bacteria

In each of 23 numerically or metabolically significant oral micro-organisms, and in each of the salivary sediments of 10 humans, oxygen uptake was determined quantitatively with various sugar and organic and amino acid substrates. With relatively few exceptions, the salivary sediments rapidly consumed oxygen with the array of substrates (23) tested. On the other hand, the individual pure cultures oxidized fewer substrates and did so selectively from this menu. The observation that the Gram-positive bacteria readily used oxygen when sugar substrates were provided, but were unable to use oxygen with all but one of the organic and none of the amino acids was significant. The Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast, used oxygen poorly with the sugars but most readily with many of the organic and amino acids, was significant. Only two of the Gram-positive but most of the Gram-negative micro-organisms tested showed oxygen uptake with L(+)-lactate; the Gram-negative bacteria were also active with D(-)-lactate, formate and succinate. Propionate was also tested and showed oxygen uptake only with the Gram-negative micro-organism, Neisseria subflava; acetate showed none or almost none with all of the examined bacteria. Where oxygen consumption occurred with the various pure or mixed cultures and substrates tested, the quantities of oxygen consumed were less than theoretically possible. For example, they ranged on average in the sediment results from 1.78 mumol oxygen per mumol of L(+)-lactate catabolized to 5.17 mumol oxygen per mumol of lactose. This was consistent with substrate oxidation by the oral bacteria being less than complete as in aerobic glycolysis, and with compounds other than water and carbon dioxide (such as acetate) being prominent amongst the end-products produced. The pure-culture oxygen data and other reports from this laboratory have made it possible to propose a speculative scheme as to which bacterial species might be involved in the various metabolic pathways used when different substrates are catabolized and oxidized by the mixed bacteria in salivary sediment or dental plaque. Also, it made it possible to suggest which bacteria and substrates are likely to be involved in the oxygen depletion that enables plaque to achieve anaerobiosis.