cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of dimethylhydrazine regioisomers and the methylazoxymethanol metabolite of 1,1- and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in relation to transformation in human fibroblasts

Abstract Comparative analysis of the cytotoxicity, transformation efficiency, induction of alkali labile sites (ALS) and DNA methylation in human foreskin fibroblasts was carried out with two dimethylhydrazine (DMH) regio-isomers (1,1-DMH and 1,2-DMH) and the acetate (A) derivative of the metabolite methylazoxymethanol (MAM) of 1,2-DMH. Effective ED 50 cytotoxic doses for MAMA, 1,1-DMH and 1,2-DMH were 0.056, 6.83 and 6.30 mM, respectively. MAMA and 1,1-DMH were more effective transformers than 1,2-DMH. However, methylation of purines accounted for less than 1% of the total radiolabel associated with DNA for all 3 agents. 1,2-DMH, 1,1-DMH and MAMA induced O 6 MeGua/N 7 MeGua ratio of 0.04, 0.32 and 0.18, respectively. Only MAMA induced measurable alkali labile lesions at transforming doses. These results suggest that other mechanisms may play a role in the initiation of transformation events by hydrazine analogues.
Ratio of electron capture to positron emission in the elementary-particle treatment of nuclear β decay

Nuclear size effects and Coulomb corrections are included in the expression for the electron capture rate R/sub epsilon/ by using the ''elementary-particle'' approach of Armstrong and Kim. As an example, we use our result together with the corresponding expression for the positron emission rate R/sub ..beta../sup +/ to compute R/sub epsilon//R/sub ..beta pi.. for certain 1/2/sup +/ ..-->.. 1/2/sup +/ and 1/2/sup +/ ..-->.. 3/2/sup +/ transitions in Gd. Our ratios are in good agreement with conventional impulse-approximation calculations and, for a wide range of nuclear parameters, do not exhibit the anomalies seen experimentally.
Construct Validity of the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist

The presumed five subscale structure of the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist was investigated. A maximum likelihood factor analysis with varimax rotation was applied to responses from teachers on 258 pupils to confirm or disconfirm the existence of five distinct factors corresponding to the subscales. The clearest subscale was "acting out," with the other subscales revealing an ambiguous pattern of loadings on the remaining factors. Clinical interpretations using profiles should probably be limited to the "acting out" subscale.
Nuclear Instrumentation for Curium and Californium Processing

Several new instruments for process control, laboratory analyses, and product assay and inventory were developed for the 24XCm and 252Cf production programs at SRP. Alpha activities between 106 and 10' dpm and neutron activities up to 1011 n/sec are monitored, picogram amounts of 252 Cf and nanogram amounts of 244Cm are determined routinely, and precision assays of up to 100-mg quantities of 252Cf product are quickly made.
Crowned Spur Gears: Methods for Generation and Tooth Contact Analysis—Part 2: Generation of the Pinion Tooth Surface by a Surface of Revolution

A method for generation of crowned pinion tooth surfaces using a surface of revolution is developed. The crowned pinion meshes with a regular involute gear and has a prescribed parabolic type of transmission errors when the gears operate in the aligned mode. When the gears are misaligned the transmission error remains parabolic with the maximum level still remaining very small (less than 0.34 arc second for the numerical examples). Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) is used to simulate the conditions of meshing, determine the transmission error, and the bearing contact.
The solid electrolyte behavior of barium chloride and strontium bromide

Abstract BaCl2 and SrBr2 transform at 1193 K and 918 K respectively to highly conducting (solid electrolyte) phases with an increase of ionic conductivity of several orders of magnitude. The conductivity of the solids is only slightly changed on melting.
Microvascular free tissue reconstruction following mohs' micrographic surgery for advanced head and neck skin cancer

Seven consecutive patients from 1986 through 1989 for 8 extensive recurrent and/or irradiated skin cancers of the face and scalp are retrospectively evaluated. One patient was treated by conventional surgical margins, and the limitations of this method in sampling margins are compared to the Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS) used for the other 6 patients. All were treated with free flaps without flap loss or major complications in spite of advanced age. The advantages of an interdisciplinary approach to achieve maximum cure rates, optimal reconstruction, and minimizing anesthesia time are discussed.
Socioeconomic differentials in prognosis following episodes of coronary heart disease

Abstract Survival of first admissions to Army hospitals for coronary heart disease occurring from June 1943 to December 1944 was evaluated in a sample of 1495 white males who were alive 6 months after the date of admission. Included in this study are only cases whose hospital diagnosis was confirmed by an independent review of the history, laboratory data, and ECG recordings in their service medical records. Physicians were found to have a better prognosis than other occupations. When physicians were excluded, professional men with college education had a somewhat better survival than other occupation or education groupings. Physicians were more likely to have the diagnosis of angina pectoris or coronary insufficiency than others; however, their favorable prognosis was also found within diagnostic groups with specified ECG findings. The much better long-term survival of physicians may give some measure of the extent to which early detection and appropriate medical regimens can improve prognosis in coronary heart disease if followed by optimally motivated patients.
Adrenal gland: Some evidence for the structural and functional zonation of the steroidogenic tissues

There are two regions of steroidogenic tissue in the bird adrenal gland: a subcapsular zone (SCZ) 40–60 cells thick consisting of cells with irregularly shaped nuclei, relatively little smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria with shelflike cristae that surrounds an inner zone (IZ) of tissue comprised of smaller cells with rounded nuclei, a more abundant endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria with tubular cristae. The cristae in the mitochondria of IZ cells, but not hte SCZ cells, seem to be quite labile and only assume the tubular configuration when subjected to corticotropic stimulation. The properties of the steroidogenic cells in the two zones are quantitatively distinct, the cells of the SCZ producign relatively more aldosterone and relatively less corticosterone than the cells of the IZ. The corticotropic responsiveness of the IZ cells is dependent on the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm and a normal pattern of microfilament assembly. The dose responsiveness of both the IZ and the SCZ cells in vitro is a complex quadratic function of the corticotropin concentration to which they are exposed; the semilogarithmic linear response to corticotropin is restricted to a narrow midrange of concentrations, and at high concentrations cells from both zones of the gland respond submaximally. Throughout the dose-response range, however, the steroidogenic cells of the IZ are more sensitive and more responsive to corticotropic stimulation than are the cells of the SCZ.
Communities and Culture: Enriching Legal Consciousness and Legal Culture

In Israel, Palestinian feminists have organized to prevent domestic violence and honor killings in the Palestinian community, seeking, among other things, greater state intervention on behalf of victims. In particular, these feminists want the Israeli criminal justice system to take the problem more seriously and demand more arrests and more prosecutions of Palestinian men who victimize their wives, sisters, and daughters. Yet such state intervention is repugnant in much of the Arab-Palestinian community, which has relied on private stigma rather than the legal system to control domestic violence. In addition, the Arab-Palestinian community already feels burdened by state surveillance and resents further intrusion in the daily life of its members. In spite of this tension, Palestinian feminists have generated an oppositional identity through legal practices that challenge both the state and the Arab-Palestinian community to recognize the value of women's lives (Barzilai 2003, 177). The case of Palestinian feminists is just one example of the complex relationship between identity and legal culture analyzed by Gad Barzilai in his book, Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities. Beyond
Distant effect of assimilation of moored currents into a model of coastal wind‐driven circulation off Oregon

[1] An optimal interpolation (OI) sequential algorithm is implemented for a threedimensional primitive equation model to assimilate current measurements from acoustic Doppler profilers moored on the Oregon shelf as a part of the Coastal Ocean Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST) upwelling experiment (May–August 2001). A stationary estimate of the forecast error covariance required by the OI is computed based on the error covariance in the model solution not constrained by data assimilation. Lagged model error covariances are used to account for the effect of previously assimilated data. The forecast error covariance has a shorter alongshore spatial scale than the model error covariance unconstrained by the data, as an effect of propagating dynamical modes. Assimilation of currents from one or two of the moorings located on the path of the upwelling jet helps to improve the model data rms error and correlation at the mooring sites located at an alongshore distance of 90 km, south or north from the assimilation sites. The coastal jet is deflected offshore over Heceta Bank, and assimilation of data from an inner-shelf mooring in the jet separation zone does not help to improve prediction in the far field. Larger improvements are obtained for the first part of the study period (yeardays 146–190). In the second part (days 191–237) the geometry of our limited area model possibly limits prediction accuracy. In numerical experiments involving assimilation of data from only one mooring the actual and expected rms error improvements are compared, providing a consistency test for the forecast error covariance.
Synthesis of 14C-labeled 4-hydroxyindole as an intermediate for the preparation of (S)-2-[4-[2-[3-(indol-2-[14C]-4-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]-2-methylpropyl]-phenoxy]pyridine-5-carboxamide (LY368842-[indole-14C]) glycolate

Synthesis of 4-hydroxyindole labeled with 14C at the 2-position was accomplished based on the vicarious nucleophilic substitution reaction of benzyl-protected 3-nitrophenol with p-chlorophenoxyacetonitrile-[1-14C]. This was followed by the reductive cyclization of o-nitrocyanomethyl derivative by palladium catalyzed hydrogenation. p-Chlorophenoxyacetonitrile-[1-14C] was prepared from commercially available p-chlorophenoxymethyl chloride and sodium cyanide-[14C]. 4-Hydroxyindole-[2-14C] was used for the synthesis of 14C-labeled β3 adrenergic agonist LY368842. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A maedi-visna virus strain K1514 receptor gene is located in sheep chromosome 3p and the syntenic region of human chromosome 2.

The maedi–visna lentivirus (MVV) induces encephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, arthritis and mastitis in sheep. While some MVV strains can enter cells of ruminant species only, others can enter cells from many species, including human, but not Chinese hamster cells. However, the identity of the receptor(s) used by MVV for entry is unknown. The MVV-K1514 receptor gene was localized in sheep and human chromosomes using hamster×sheep and hamster×human hybrid cell lines. Based on entry by a vector pseudotyped with the MVV-K1514 envelope, the MVV-K1514 receptor gene was mapped to sheep chromosome 3p and to a region of human chromosome 2 (2p25>q13), which has conserved synteny with sheep chromosome 3p. These regions do not include any known lentivirus receptor or coreceptor gene, indicating that MVV-K1514 uses a new lentivirus receptor to infect human cells.
Reovirus-induced alteration in expression of apoptosis and DNA repair genes with potential roles in viral pathogenesis

Reoviruses are a leading model for understanding cellular mechanisms of virus-induced apoptosis. Reoviruses induce apoptosis in multiple cell lines in vitro, and apoptosis plays a key role in virus-induced tissue injury of the heart and brain in vivo. The activation of transcription factors NF-κB and c-Jun are key events in reovirus-induced apoptosis, indicating that new gene expression is critical to this process. We used high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze cellular transcriptional alterations in HEK293 cells after infection with reovirus strain T3A (i.e., apoptosis inducing) compared to infection with reovirus strain T1L (i.e., minimally apoptosis inducing) and uninfected cells. These strains also differ dramatically in their potential to induce apoptotic injury in hearts of infected mice in vivo—T3A is myocarditic, whereas T1L is not. Using high-throughput microarray analysis of over 12,000 genes, we identified differential expression of a defined subset of genes involved in apoptosis and DNA repair after reovirus infection. This provides the first comparative analysis of altered gene expression after infection with viruses of differing apoptotic phenotypes and provides insight into pathogenic mechanisms of virus-induced disease.
Specificity of dyspraxia in children with autism.

Objective To explore the specificity of impaired praxis and postural knowledge to autism by examining three samples of children, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developing (TD) children.
Endoscopic management of Boerhaave's syndrome presenting with hematemesis

Hematemesis is an uncommon yet challenging presentation of Boerhaave's syndrome. Here, we present minimally invasive management of an esophageal perforation with hematemesis using esophageal stenting in an elderly male with multiple comorbidities.
A comprehensive strategy to discover inhibitors of the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase κ.

Human DNA polymerase kappa (pol κ) is a translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase that catalyzes TLS past various minor groove lesions including N2-dG linked acrolein- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-derived adducts, as well as N2-dG DNA–DNA interstrand cross-links introduced by the chemotherapeutic agent mitomycin C. It also processes ultraviolet light-induced DNA lesions. Since pol κ TLS activity can reduce the cellular toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and since gliomas overexpress pol κ, small molecule library screens targeting pol κ were conducted to initiate the first step in the development of new adjunct cancer therapeutics. A high-throughput, fluorescence-based DNA strand displacement assay was utilized to screen ∼16,000 bioactive compounds, and the 60 top hits were validated by primer extension assays using non-damaged DNAs. Candesartan cilexetil, manoalide, and MK-886 were selected as proof-of-principle compounds and further characterized for their specificity toward pol κ by primer extension assays using DNAs containing a site-specific acrolein-derived, ring-opened reduced form of γ-HOPdG. Furthermore, candesartan cilexetil could enhance ultraviolet light-induced cytotoxicity in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells, suggesting its inhibitory effect against intracellular pol κ. In summary, this investigation represents the first high-throughput screening designed to identify inhibitors of pol κ, with the characterization of biochemical and biologically relevant endpoints as a consequence of pol κ inhibition. These approaches lay the foundation for the future discovery of compounds that can be applied to combination chemotherapy.
DSSS-Based Flow Marking Technique for Invisible Traceback

Law enforcement agencies need the ability to conduct electronic surveillance to combat crime, terrorism, or other malicious activities exploiting the Internet. However, the proliferation of anonymous communication systems on the Internet has posed significant challenges to providing such traceback capability. In this paper, we develop a new class of flow marking technique for invisible traceback based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), utilizing a pseudo-noise (PN) code. By interfering with a sender's traffic and marginally varying its rate, an investigator can embed a secret spread spectrum signal into the sender's traffic. The embedded signal is carried along with the traffic from the sender to the receiver, so the investigator can recognize the corresponding communication relationship, tracing the messages despite the use of anonymous networks. The secret PN code makes it difficult for others to detect the presence of such embedded signals, so the traceback, while available to investigators is, effectively invisible. We demonstrate a practical flow marking system which requires no training, and can achieve both high detection and low false positive rates. Using a combination of analytical modeling, simulations, and experiments on Tor (a popular Internet anonymous communication system), we demonstrate the effectiveness of the DSSS-basedflow marking technique.
Multimaterial multifunctional fiber devices

Recent discoveries have enabled the integration of metals, insulators and semiconductors structures into extended length of polymer fibers. The challenges and opportunities associated with this new class of fiber devices will be presented.
Normalized Hurricane Damages in the United States: 1925-95

Hurricanes are the costliest natural disasters in the United States. Understanding how both hurricane frequencies and intensities vary from year to year as well as how this is manifested in changes in damages that occur is a topic of great interest to meteorologists, public and private decision makers, and the general public alike. Previous research into long-term trends in hurricane-caused damage along the U.S. coast has suggested that damage has been quickly increasing within the last two decades, even after considering inflation. However, to best capture the year-to-year variability in tropical cyclone damage, consideration must also be given toward two additional factors: coastal population changes and changes in wealth. Both population and wealth have increased dramatically over the last several decades and act to enhance the recent hurricane damages preferentially over those occurring previously. More appropriate trends in the United States hurricane damages can be calculated when a normalization of the damages are done to take into account inflation and changes in coastal population and wealth. With this normalization, the trend of increasing damage amounts in recent decades disappears. Instead, substantial multidecadal variations in normalized damages are observed: the 1970s and 1980s actually incurred less damages than in the preceding few decades. Only during the early 1990s does damage approach the high level of impact seen back in the 1940s through the 1960s, showing that what has been observed recently is not unprecedented. Over the long term, the average annual impact of damages in the continental United States is about $4.8 billion (1995 $), substantially more than previous estimates. Of these damages, over 83% are accounted for by the intense hurricanes (Saffir‐Simpson categories 3, 4, and 5), yet these make up only 21% of the U.S.landfalling tropical cyclones.
SECULARIZATION, RELIGIOSITY, AND THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF JEWRY

This paper explores recent anthropological studies of Jewish culture and their implications for our understanding of Jewish secularization. Studies of Jewish secularization have often depicted the process in black and white terms, as a choice between the survival and the dissolution of the Jewish people. Anthropological research, by contrast, has demonstrated a great deal of variability in the meaning, development, and outcomes of the concept. The paper focuses on three emerging themes in anthropological studies of secularization: the role of human agency, the embodiment of religious action, and the cultural construction of secularism. Drawing on recent ethnographies of Jewish communities, the paper argues that these approaches allow a much richer understanding of the process of Jewish secularization, as well as a more complex and optimistic vision of its outcome. The study of Jewish religious change also carries implications for secularization theory more broadly.
Book Review: Scalable and Secure Internet Services and Architecture

Scalable and Secure Internet Services and Architecture, by Chengzhong Xu. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2005. ISBN 1-58488-377-4
Corrected transposition. Surgical treatment of associated anomalies.

Abstract From 1958 through September, 1972, 25 Mayo Clinic patients underwent repair or palliation of one or more cardiac anomalies associated with corrected transposition. Their ages ranged from 7 months to 45 years (median 5 years). The most common associated anomalies were ventricular septal defect and insufficiency of the systemic atrioventricular valve. Four patients underwent cardiac operations without the use of extracorporeal circulation, and the anomalies in the remaining 21 patients were repaired by open-heart surgery. There were 11 deaths within 30 days after operation and 2 late deaths. Approximately half of the patients are alive with a satisfactory late result at the time of this report. Anatomical and technical considerations in the repair of anomalies associated with corrected transposition are discussed.
The effect of postmortem time and freezer storage on the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle

Data is currently lacking to define the state of skeletal muscle properties within the cadaver. This study sought to define changes in the postmortem properties of skeletal muscle as a function of mechanical loading and freezer storage. The tibialis anterior of the New Zealand White rabbit was chosen for study. Modulus and no-load strain were found to vary greatly from live after 8 hours postmortem. Following the dynamic changes that occur at the onset and during rigor mortis, a semi-stable region of postmortem, post-rigor properties occurred between 36 to 72 hours postmortem. A freeze-thaw process was not found to have a significant effect on the post-rigor response. The first loading cycle response of post-rigor muscle was unrepeatable but stiffer than live passive muscle. After preconditioning, the post-rigor muscle response was repeatable but significantly less stiff than live passive muscle due to an increase in no-load strain. Failure properties of postmortem muscle were found to be significantly different than live passive muscle with significant decreases in failure stress (61%) and energy (81%), while failure strain was unchanged. Results suggest that the post-rigor response of cadaver muscle is unaffected by freezing but sensitive to even a few cycles of mechanical loading.
Fuel from Water: The Photochemical Generation of Hydrogen from Water

ConspectusHydrogen has been labeled the fuel of the future since it contains no carbon, has the highest specific enthalpy of combustion of any chemical fuel, yields only water upon complete oxidation, and is not limited by Carnot considerations in the amount of work obtained when used in a fuel cell. To be used on the scale needed for sustainable growth on a global scale, hydrogen must be produced by the light-driven splitting of water into its elements, as opposed to reforming of methane, as is currently done. The photochemical generation of H2, which is the reductive side of the water splitting reaction, is the focus of this Account, particularly with regard to work done in the senior author’s laboratory over the last 5 years. Despite seminal work done more than 30 years ago and the extensive research conducted since then on all aspects of the process, no viable system has been developed for the efficient and robust photogeneration of H2 from water using only earth abundant elements. For the photogenera...
Integrated Framework for the Design of Crewed Space Habitats and their Supporting Logistics System

This paper proposes a framework that can be applied to integrated space station system design. The proposed framework, called the Integrated Space Station Optimization (ISSO) framework, combines both the space habitat and its logistics design into one optimization problem. In this way, the design of a space-based habitat and its logistics resupply system can be optimized concurrently and effective trades can be conducted between them. Numerical simulation results show the benefits of the proposed framework comparing it with conventional design strategies. Nomenclature Cnonrec = annual nonrecurring logistics cost. [$/year] Crec = recurring logistics cost per launch. [$/launch] Mo = scientific mass permanently onboard. [kg] Mr = annually resupplied scientific mass. [kg/year] P/Uscience = pressurized/unpressurized mass ratio of scientific equipment. Ts = annual crew time for scientific experiments. [crew hour/year] Vstorage = volume of the storage area in the habitat. [m 3 ] = average density of the resupplied pressurized payload [kg/m^3].
ASSA13-03-17 b3-Adrenoceptor Activation Improves the Formation of Atherosclerosis Plaque in Aged ApoE-Deficient Mice

Objective To study the effects of β 3 -adrenoceptor (β 3 -AR) activation on atherosclerotic plaque development in aged apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/- ) mice. Methods Male ApoE -/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet, starting on 10 weeks of age. Starting from 36 weeks of age, mice were randomly treated with atorvastatin (10 mg · kg -1 ·d -1 , by gavage), the β 3 -AR agonist BRL37344 (1.65 or 3.30 μg·kg -1 , twice a week, by intraperitoneal injection), the β3-AR antagonist SR52390A (50 μg·kg -1 , twice a week, by intraperitoneal injection), or saline vehicle (twice a week, by intraperitoneal injection) for 12 weeks (n = 10 per group). A group of wild-type C57BL/6J mice receiving normal diet was included as a healthy control. At the end of the 12-week treatment period, serum concentration of lipids were measured. Atherosclerotic plaque in the thoracic aorta was examined using Hematoxy-eosin staining. The extent of fibrosis in the plaque was examined using Masson staining. Western blot was uesed to determine the ApoA-I and SR-BI protein expression. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine β 3 -AR mRNA in the white adipose tissue and the ApoA-I, ApoA-II and SR-BI mRNA expression in liver tissue. Results High-fat diet in ApoE -/- mice led to hyperlipidemia and the area of and the extent of fibrosis in atherosclerotic plaque (P 3 -AR mRNA and SR-BI mRNA were lower, ApoA-I and ApoA-II mRNA were higher in ApoE -/- mice (P -/- mice receiving vehicle). Treatment with the β 3 -AR agonist BRL37344 decreased serum concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The treatment increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, downregulated of ApoA-I, ApoA-II and SR-BI expression and upregulated the β 3 -AR mRNA expression (P -/- mice receiving vehicle). Similar to atorvastatin, BRL37344 treatment dose-dependently reduced the plaque area and collagen content (P -/- mice receiving vehicle at a dose of 3.30 but not 1.65 μg·kg -1 ). Treatment with the β 3 -AR antagonist SR52390A did not affect any parameters (P > 0.05 for all measures vs. ApoE -/- mice receiving vehicle). Conclusions β 3 -AR agonist impeded the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice, possibly through improvement of lipid profile, ApoA-I, ApoA-II and SR-BI mRNA.
Evaluation on schistosomiasis control in Hubei province(2008-2012)

Objective To evaluate schistosomiasis endemic situation in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2012,so as to provide theoretical guidance for the next step of schistosomiasis control. Methods Comprehensive measures were carried out,including detection and chemotherapy for residents and livestock,snail control and infectious source control. The effectiveness of comprehensive measures was observed and evaluated longitudinally in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2012. Results During the five years,973 082 schistosomiasis patients and 4 075 897 people that contacted infested water were treated. The number of cattle was 13 148 and 999 361,respectively. There were 128 893. 40 hm2area with snails controlled,and 28 955. 96 hm2area with snails controlled by environmental modification. 153 215 heads cattle were replaced by machine,and 453 350 seats lavatories and latrines were built. Schistosomiasis patients decreased from 255 594 in 2008 to 146 484 in 2012,declined by 42. 69%. The positive rate of IHA and Kato-Katz,S. japonicum infection in human all showed a significant downward trend over the 5-year period( χ2= 25 540. 14,P 0. 01; χ2= 6 913. 38,P 0. 01 and χ2= 18 524. 51,P 0. 01). Schistosomiasis livestock decreased from 5 555 in 2008 to 499 in 2012,declined by 91. 02%. S. japonicum infection in livestock also showed a significant downward trend( χ2= 4 654. 97,P0. 01). Although the area with snails altered little in the five years,and fluctuated from 76 642. 6 hm2to 77 400. 6 hm2,there was still 1 county reached the criteria of transmission interruption and 4 counties reached the criteria of transmission control. Conclusions The effect of the comprehensive strategy of schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province was remarkable. Although prevention is still a daunting task,targeted measures for schistosomiasis control should still be carried on according to the actual endemic situation.
Systemic Weber-Christian disease.

Antecedents : La maladie de Weber-Christian est une entite controversee qui se presente histologiquement comme une panniculite lobulaire. Une variante systemique de cette affection, touchant la graisse viscerale, a ete signalee. Objectif: Decrire le cas d'une femme de 29 ans ayant la maladie de Weber-Christian, chez qui s'est developpee une masse abdominale a croissance rapide pendant une hospitalisation pour une poussee de cette affection cutanee. La masse s'est resorbee spontanement. Les radiographies ont montre un kyste mesenterique, considere comme une atteinte de la graisse mesenterique causee par la maladie de Weber-Christian. Conclusion : L'apparition d'une masse abdominale ou pelvique chez un patient souffrant de la maladie de Weber-Christian peut etre attribuable a une atteinte viscerale par le processus inflammatoire.
Sex selection with monoclonal H-Y antibody*

H-Y antigen defined by antibody from male-sensitized female mice has been reported in male embryos of mouse, rat, cattle, goat, pig, and sheep. We now describe the use of monoclonal H-Y antibodies in identification of male and female during embryo transfer in cattle. Monoclonal H-Y antibodies were applied with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated goat antimouse immunoglobulin (Ig), and the embryos were scored for fluorescence under ultraviolet light. In alternative trials with 149 embryos, the method could be applied with 73% to 82% efficiency. Pregnancy rates for treated embryos were at least as high as those expected for untreated embryos. The calves that developed from the treated embryos are normal and growing.
Migration in the Hippocampus

In this chapter, the general anatomical structures of the hippocampus and the overall developmental program governing the specification of the hippocampal fields are described. The current understanding of the migration of the critical cell types in this structure, which include the Cajal–Retzius cells, excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons, is then discussed. Finally, there is a detailed account of the progressive migration of the neural progenitors in the dentate gyrus where neurogenesis persists into adulthood.
Microstructure and rheology of particle stabilized emulsions: Effects of particle shape and inter-particle interactions.

Abstract Using fumed and spherical silica particles of similar hydrodynamic size, we investigated the effects of particle shape and inter-particle interactions on the formation, stability and rheology of bromohexadecane-in-water Pickering emulsions. The interparticle interactions were varied from repulsive to attractive by modifying the salt concentration in the aqueous phase. Optical microscope images revealed smaller droplet sizes for the fumed silica stabilized emulsions. All the emulsions remained stable for several weeks. Cryo-SEM images of the emulsion droplets showed a hexagonally packed single layer of particles at oil-water interfaces in emulsions stabilized with silica spheres, irrespective of the nature of the inter-particle interactions. Thus, entropic, excluded volume interactions dominate the fate of spherical particles at oil-water interfaces. On the other hand, closely packed layers of particles were observed at oil-water interfaces for the fumed silica stabilized emulsions for both attractive and repulsive interparticle interactions. At the high salt concentrations, attractive inter-particles interactions led to aggregation of fumed silica particles, and multiple layers of these particles were then observed on the droplet surfaces. A network of fumed silica particles was also observed between the emulsion droplets, suggesting that enthalpic interactions are responsible for the determining particle configurations at oil-water interfaces as well as in the aqueous phase. Steady shear viscosity measurements over a range of shear stresses, as well as oscillatory shear measurements at 1 Hz confirm the presence of a network in fumed silica suspensions and emulsions, and the lack of such a network when spherical particles are used. The fractal structure of fumed silica leads to several contact points and particle interlocking in the water as well as on the bromohexadecane-water interfaces, with corresponding effects on the structure and rheology of the emulsions. The attenuation of droplet motion due to the formation of a particle network can be exploited for stabilizing emulsions and for modulating their rheology.
David A. White, Heidegger and the Language of Poetry.: Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1978. Pp. 245.

(1980). David A. White, Heidegger and the Language of Poetry.. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 162-164.
Low-frequency ultrasonic Bessel-like collimated beam generation from radial modes of piezoelectric transducers

We present a very simple approach to generate a collimated ultrasonic beam that exploits the natural Bessel-like vibration pattern of the radial modes of a piezoelectric disc with lateral clamping. This eliminates the need for the conventional annular Bessel pattern of the electrodes with individual electrode excitation on the piezo-disc, thus simplifying the transducer design. Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to investigate the Bessel-like vibration patterns of these radial modes showing an excellent agreement between these two studies. Measured ultrasonic beam-profiles in water from the radial modes confirm the profile to be a Bessel beam. Collimated beam generation from radial modes is investigated using a coupled electromechanical finite-element model. It is found that clamping the lateral edges of piezoelectric transducers results in a high-degree of collimation with practically no side-lobes similar to a parametric array beam. Ultrasonic beam-profile measurements in water with both...
From Multilingualism to Bilingualism: Changes in Language Use, Language Value, and Social Mobility among Engdewu Speakers in the Solomon Islands.

On the island of Santa Cruz in the Solomon Islands, the Engdewu language is facing imminent language shift because of the increasing use of the lingua franca Solomon Islands Pijin in the community. In this article, I argue that this language shift is occurring because of changes to the social structure in Baemawz, one of the villages where Engdewu is spoken. The social structure is changing in two ways. First, because of the desire for economic advancement, people migrate off the island more frequently than in the past introducing them to the value of Pijin as a language for social and economic mobility. Second, intermarriage patterns are moving away from patrilocality to neolocality; husbands can now move into their wives’ village bringing with them their local language. These changes affect the values that Engdewu and Pijin have in the community and the way these languages are used among children and adults leading to replacive bilingualism in a historically multilingual society.
High-Strength Stereolithographic 3D Printed Nanocomposites: Graphene Oxide Metastability

The weak thermomechanical properties of commercial 3D printing plastics have limited the technology’s application mainly to rapid prototyping. In this report, we demonstrate a simple approach that takes advantage of the metastable, temperature-dependent structure of graphene oxide (GO) to enhance the mechanical properties of conventional 3D-printed resins produced by stereolithography (SLA). A commercially available SLA resin was reinforced with minimal amounts of GO nanofillers and thermally annealed at 50 and 100 °C for 12 h. Tensile tests revealed increasing strength and modulus at an annealing temperature of 100 °C, with the highest tensile strength increase recorded at 673.6% (for 1 wt % GO). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also showed increasing thermal stability with increasing annealing temperature. The drastic enhancement in mechanical properties, which is seen to this degree in 3D-printed samples reported in literature, is attributed to the metastable...
Acute gamma irradiation of the wheat plant: effects of exposure, exposure rate, and developmental stage on survival, height, and grain yield*

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell ‘Seneca’) plants at different developmental stages were exposed to 60Co gamma radiation at different exposures and exposure rates. The interaction of exposure × exposure rate × developmental stage was found to be significant (P
Bilateral Thyroid-Type Struma Ovarii in a Postmenopausal Patient: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Struma ovarii is a monodermal variant of a germ cell tumor composed predominantly of thyroid tissue. It is most often unilateral with an incidence of 0.3-0.7%. Bilateral struma ovarii is rather rare with only two cases reported in peri- and postmenopausal patients. Here, we present a third case of bilateral struma ovarii in a postmenopausal female with slowly enlarging pelvic mass and pelvic organ prolapse. The patient was treated with total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy which revealed bilaterally enlarged cystically dilated ovaries. Histopathologic examination showed mature thyroid follicles with abundant colloid consistent with bilateral struma ovarii. No teratomatous elements or features of malignancy were identified. Thyroid hormone levels were within their respective reference ranges as was also observed in the previous two cases. A diagnosis of bilateral struma ovarii should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral pelvic masses in peri- and postmenopausal patients. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism in any of the three patients. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2017;6(2):45-48 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo442w
Influence of ultraviolet wavelengths on kinetics and selectivity for N-gases during TiO2 photocatalytic reduction of nitrate

Abstract For drinking water applications, photocatalytic reduction processes beneficially transform aqueous nitrate to innocuous nitrogen gases (N-gases) but can produce nitrite and ammonia as undesirable aqueous by-products. We hypothesize that by-product selectivity is a function of light source and photon fluence dose, such that discrete wavelengths can increase yield of desirable N-gases. Experiments performed under different wavelength irradiation (ultraviolet- [UV] A, B, C) reduced nitrate in water to differing extents based on pH over the range of 1–8 or the presence of soluble organic electron donors. At an equivalent photon fluence dose, the most rapid nitrate loss in acidic solutions occurred using a combination of three UV-light emitting diodes (285 nm, 300 nm, 365 nm) closely followed by a polychromatic medium pressure UV lamp. A polychromatic xenon light source was least effective in reducing nitrate. Nitrite is an important intermediate during photocatalytic reduction of nitrate. Nitrite absorbs 330–380 nm light with high quantum efficiency. Thus, polychromatic or monochromatic light sources with strong UV-A emission more rapidly convert nitrite to by-products than UV-C monochromatic light sources. Nitrous acid (HONO) has a higher molar absorptivity (e) and quantum efficiency than nitrite ion (pKa = 3.39) around 350–370 nm. Selectivity towards N-gases is bifurcated at the nitrite intermediate and is strongly influenced by direct photolysis instead of photocatalytic reduction. Thus, the selectivity of by-products can be controlled by delivering light in the 350–370 nm wavelength range, where it enables photocatalytic processes to rapidly initiate NO3− reduction and delivers photons for direct photolysis of HONO.
What Can Elder Mistreatment Researchers Learn About Primary Prevention From Family Violence Intervention Models

Elder mistreatment (EM) is a public health problem that harms millions of older Americans each year. Despite growing recognition of its occurrence, there are no evidence-based primary prevention programs. Although EM is distinct from other areas of family violence, including child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, common risk factors and theoretical underpinnings point to opportunities for prevention strategies. Drawing on evidence-based best practices found in other fields of family violence, we identify approaches that could be tested to prevent EM at the hands of family caregivers, who are among the most likely to commit mistreatment. Specifically, we examine home visiting approaches primarily used in the child maltreatment field and identify components that have potential to inform EM interventions, including prevention. We conclude that there is enough information to begin testing a prevention intervention for EM that targets caregivers.
Cognitive and Interpersonal Vulnerabilities to Adolescent Depression: Classification of Risk Profiles for a Personalized Prevention Approach

Despite interest in psychosocial vulnerabilities to depression, little is known about reliable and valid individualized risk profiles that can be used to match individuals to evidence-based interventions for depression. This study investigated well-established cognitive and interpersonal vulnerabilities to depression among youth to discern an evidence-based risk classification approach which is being used in a personalized depression prevention randomized clinical trial. Data were drawn from a general community sample of adolescents (N = 467; ages 10–16, mean 13.14, SD = 1.62; 57% females) who were followed prospectively for 3 years. Youth completed measures of cognitive (negative cognitive style, dysfunctional attitudes, rumination) and interpersonal (support and conflict with peers and parents, excessive reassurance seeking, social competence, co-rumination) risks to depression, and then were followed longitudinally for onset of depression. Principal axis factor analyses showed that three latent factors--cognitive vulnerability, interpersonal support, and interpersonal conflict--optimally represented the structure of these risk factors. Clinically practical and meaningful cutoffs, based on tertile cut-off scores on cognitive and interpersonal risk measures, were used to categorize youth into relatively balanced high and low cognitive and interpersonal risk groups. These risk classification groups exhibited validity (AUC > 0.70) by predicting prospective onsets of depressive episodes at 18-months follow-ups. These findings demonstrate a reliable and valid approach to synthesize psychosocial vulnerabilities to depression, specifically cognitive and interpersonal risks. Results are discussed in terms of using these risk classifications profiles to test personalized prevention of depression during adolescence.
The Red-Light Network: Exploring the Locational Strategies of Illicit Massage Businesses in Houston, Texas

ABSTRACTIllicit massage businesses (IMBs) play a considerable role in sex trafficking in the United States. Sometimes referred to as erotic massage parlors or Asian massage parlors, IMBs act as nod...
Why So Many Repositories? Examining the Limitations and Possibilities of the Institutional Repositories Landscape

Academic libraries fail to take advantage of the network effect because they manage too many digital repositories locally. While this argument applies to all manner of digital repositories, this ar...
Learning in Games: Fictitious Play Dynamics

We present a selective survey of recent work on the Brown-Robinson learning process known as “fictitious play.” We study the continuous time version of the process and report convergence results for specific classes of games.
Prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity among Cameroonian women in a national survey and relationships with waist circumference and inflammation in Yaoundé and Douala.

Information on the distribution and predictors of obesity in Africa is needed to identify populations at risk and explore intervention options. Our objectives were to (a) examine the prevalence and geographic distribution of overweight and obesity among Cameroonian women; (b) evaluate change in anthropometric indicators among urban women between 2009 and 2012; (c) examine associations between household and individual characteristics and overweight and obesity; and (d) examine relationships between body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, and inflammation. We analysed data from a nationally representative survey conducted in 3 geographic strata (North, South, and Yaounde/Douala) in Cameroon in 2009 and a survey in Yaounde/Douala in 2012. Participants selected for this analysis were nonpregnant women, ages 15-49 years (n = 704 in 2009; n = 243 in 2012). In 2009, ~8% of women were underweight (BMI 0.85) to 73% (waist circumference > 80 cm) had abdominal obesity. Body mass index was positively associated with abdominal obesity and inflammation. Though causal inferences cannot be drawn, these findings indicate population subgroups at greatest risk for overweight and associated health consequences in Cameroon.
Bone resorption in dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis and idiopathic hypercalciuria

Abstract People with calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) often have evidence of increased bone resorption, but bone turnover has not previously been investigated in dogs with these conditions. The aim of this study was to determine whether a marker of bone resorption, β-crosslaps, differs between dogs with CaOx urolithiasis and IH compared to controls. This retrospective, cross-sectional study used a canine specific ELISA to measure β-crosslaps concentrations in stored frozen serum samples from 20 dogs with CaOx urolithiasis and IH and 20 breed-, sex-, and age-matched stone-free controls (18 Miniature Schnauzers, 14 Bichons Frise, and 8 Shih Tzus). Dogs with CaOx urolithiasis and IH had lower β-crosslaps concentrations relative to controls (P = .0043), and β-crosslaps had a moderate negative correlation with urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratios (r = −0.44, P = .0044). Miniature Schnauzers had lower β-crosslaps concentrations than the other two breeds (P = .0035). The ELISA had acceptable intra-assay precision, but concentrations decreased when samples were repeatedly assayed over time. Assay recovery rates were also below acceptance criteria. In conclusion, Miniature Schnauzers, Bichons Frise, and Shih Tzus with CaOx urolithiasis and IH have evidence of decreased bone resorption compared to stone-free controls. This suggests that other causes of IH, such as intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, underlie risk for CaOx urolithiasis in these breeds. Results should be confirmed in larger populations and with other β-crosslaps assays and additional biomarkers of bone turnover. The stability of canine serum β-crosslaps after freeze-thaw cycles and storage at various temperatures requires investigation.