cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tweeting for learning: A critical analysis of research on microblogging in education published in 2008–2011

This study critically analyzed the current body of published research on microblogging in education ( MIE) to build a deep and comprehensive understanding of this increasingly popular phenomenon. Twenty-one studies on MIE in 2008-2011 were selected based on the selection criteria and analyzed to answer the following questions: What types of research have been published on MIE? How was microblogging used for teaching and learning in these studies? What educational benefits did microblogging have on teaching and learning? What suggestions and implications did the current research have for future MIE research and practices? The analysis suggests that microblogging has a potential to encourage participation, engagement, reflective thinking as well as collaborative learning under different learning settings. The quality of research, however, varies greatly, suggesting a need for rigorous research on MIE. The analysis has implications for MIE practices as well as research and development efforts. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic Microblogging has a potential to facilitate learning., Research on microblogging has been conducted under different educational settings., What this paper adds What are the characteristics of the current research on microblogging in education., How educators and researchers integrated microblogging to achieve different educational goals as identified in these studies., What are the identified educational effects of using microblogging for teaching and learning., What are the challenges and suggestions of using microblogging in teaching and learning., Implications for practice and/or policy Future research on microblogging in education should go beyond formal higher education settings by considering learning occurring in other settings., Future research needs to observe and analyze how learners participate and learn in microblogging-based environments over time., Innovative data collection and analysis methods are needed to understand the interaction and learning that occur in such environments., Future research is needed to identify effective approaches of microblogging integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Right–left asymmetry in the cortical processing of sounds for social communication vs. navigation in mustached bats

In the Doppler-shifted constant frequency processing area in the primary auditory cortex of mustached bats, Pteronotus parnellii, neurons respond to both social calls and to echolocation signals. This multifunctional nature of cortical neurons creates a paradox for simultaneous processing of two behaviorally distinct categories of sound. To test the possibility of a stimulus-specific hemispheric bias, single-unit responses were obtained to both types of sounds, calls and pulse-echo tone pairs, from the right and left auditory cortex. Neurons on the left exhibited only slightly higher peak response magnitudes for their respective best calls, but they showed a significantly higher sensitivity (lower response thresholds) to calls than neurons on the right. On average, call-to-tone response ratios were significantly higher for neurons on the left than for those on the right. Neurons on the right responded significantly more strongly to pulse-echo tone pairs than those on the left. Overall, neurons in males responded to pulse-echo tone pairs with a much higher spike count compared to females, but this difference was less pronounced for calls. Multidimensional scaling of call responses yielded a segregated representation of call types only on the left. These data establish for the first time, a behaviorally directed right-left asymmetry at the level of single cortical neurons. It is proposed that a lateralized cortex emerges from multiparametric integration (e.g. combination-sensitivity) within a neuron and inhibitory interactions between neurons that come into play during the processing of complex sounds.
Adults' responses to infants varying in perceived cuteness.

The effects of perceived cuteness of infant photographs on the behaviour of young adults was investigated. Looking, facial muscle activity, and skin conductance were measured during individual presentations of the photographs, whereas only looking was measured during paired presentations. Both measures of looking time were significantly affected by the perceived cuteness of infant photographs, with infants ranked as most cute looked at longest and those ranked least cute looked at for the shortest length of time. Increased facial muscle activity previously associated with pleasant or happy facial expressions was associated with presentations of infant photographs but was not related to perceived cuteness. A second experiment indicated that increased facial muscle activity was specific to infant photographs. Adult responses to infant physical appearance appear to be regulated by two mechanisms: an initial positive response to "babyishness", reflected by increased facial zygomaticus muscle activity, and an individual cognitive preference response to "cuteness", reflected by differential looking times.
Psychophysical scales of the olfactory pleasantness of homologous alcohols

A category, a ratio estimation, and three magnitude scales were constructed from the observations of 10 Os who judged the pleasantness of a homologous series of n-aliphatic alcohols. Magnitude scaling indicated that pleasantness generally varies inversely with chain length, which is consistent with the findings of earlier investigators who used different methods; ratio estimation also indicated an inverse relationship. Stable magnitude scales resembled power functions with exponents of −0.262 to −0.587; the adjusted ratio estimation’s was −0.138. Pleasantness seemed to be unexpectedly prothetic, some evidence of which had also been reported in an earlier study involving a more diverse set of odorants. Yet in the present study the hedonic range was small and in the earlier, large. More than the size of range appears to account for the puzzling prothetic evidence.
P5.062 An Easy to Use Real Time PCR Test For Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Providing Results That Can Guide Treatment Choices Before the Patient Leaves the Clinic

Background New diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) that can provide accurate, rapid, and timely results are urgently needed so that patients can be treated at the time they visit a clinic. The Cepheid GeneXpert® (Xpert) CT/NG assay is a rapid nucleic acid amplified test (NAAT) assay that can be performed in on-site laboratories. The assay detects DNA of CT and NG from female endocervical, patient-collected vaginal, and urine specimens, and in male urine from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Methods The Xpert test is a modular, cartridge-based, “walk-away” platform for testing which requires no manipulation from specimen loading until results are available (90 minutes). We compared results from the Xpert assay to results from two currently approved nucleic acid amplification assays (Aptima Combo2 and ProbeTec) in 1,722 females and 1,387 males. Results included a specimen adequacy control result and an ampliﬁcation control result. The targets were two highly conserved, non-contiguous NG-unique chromosomal targets for NG and a chromosomal CT target. Results Compared to patient-infected-status (PIS), the Xpert results for chlamydia demonstrated sensitivities for endocervical, vaginal, and urine samples of 97.4%, 98.7%, and 97.6%, respectively, in females and in male urine a sensitivity of 97.5%. All specificity estimates were ≥ 99.4%. Results for gonorrhoea demonstrated sensitivities for endocervical, vaginal, and urine samples of 100.0%, 100.0%, and 95.6%, respectively, in females, with specificities > 99.9%. In male urine, the sensitivity for gonorrhoea was 97.50% and the specificity was 99.9%. Conclusions The GeneXpert ® System is a closed, self-contained, fully-integrated, automated platform for CT/NG testing that demonstrated excellent sensitivities and specificities in women and men. This relatively rapid short-turn-around-time test can provide results to guide treatment decisions before patients leave the clinical setting. Such rapid treatment could potentially improve chlamydia and gonorrhoea control efforts.
Students delivering health care to a vulnerable Appalachian population through interprofessional service-learning.

Interprofessional student service-learning experiences are integrated into the preventive care of older adult residents of public housing in Appalachia. Receiving a Health Resources and Services Administration grant provided the College of Nursing at East Tennessee State University the opportunity to expand interprofessional clinical experiences for students by partnering with the College of Pharmacy, the College of Clinical & Rehabilitative Health Sciences, and the local public housing authority. Select faculty from each college met and developed a plan to form student teams from all three colleges to conduct in-home comprehensive medical and nutrition assessments and medication chart reviews of high-risk older adults. Following the in-home visit, students and faculty discuss the assessment findings at planned interprofessional meetings. Students present their findings from each discipline's perspective and collaboratively set health priorities and develop intervention strategies and an inclusive follow-...
Effects of feed intake and dietary urea concentration on ruminal dilution rate and efficiency of bacterial growth in steers.

Abstract Four multiple-fistulated steers (340kg) were fed a diet containing 50% ground grass hay, 20% dry distillers grains, and 30% concentrate at two intakes (7.2 or 4.8kg DM/d). Urea (.4 or 1.2% of the diet) was infused continuously into the steers' rumens. The experimental design was a 4×4 Latin square with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Infusing urea at .4 or 1.2% of the diet resulted in ruminal NH 3 N concentrations of 4.97 and 9.10 mg/dl, respectively. Feeding steers at high rather than low intake decreased ruminal and total tract digestibilities of organic matter, NDF, and ADF but did not increase ruminal escape of N. However, apparent N escape from the rumen calculated using purines, but not 15 N, as a bacterial marker was higher when 1.2 vs. .4% urea was infused. Feeding at high rather than at low intake increased the total pool of viable bacteria per gram organic matter fermented in the rumen. Although ruminal fluid outflows and particulate dilution rates were greater when steers were fed at high than at low intakes, efficiencies of bacterial protein synthesis were unaffected by intake. The possibility of increased N recycling within the rumen with feeding at the higher intake is discussed.
Scheduling resource allocation with timeslot penalty for changeover

Given a time slotted list of resource capacities, we address the problem of scheduling resource allocation considering that a change in allocation results in the changeover penalty of one timeslot. The goal is to maximize the overall allocation of resources. We prove that no 1-lookahead algorithm can be better than 8/5-competitive. We provide improved analysis of Wait Dominate Hold (WDH) algorithm that was previously known to be 4-competitive. We prove that WDH is 8/3-competitive. We also consider k-lookahead algorithms, and prove lower bound of (k + 2)/(k + 1) on their competitiveness and give an online algorithm that is 2-competitive.
Neurogenesis and ontogeny of specific cell phenotypes within the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Abstract The hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is anatomically and functionally heterogeneous. A group of cells in the SCN shell, delineated by vasopressin-ergic neurons, are rhythmic with respect to Period gene expression and electrical activity but do not receive direct retinal input. In contrast, some cells in the SCN core, marked by neurons containing calbindin-D28k, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), are not rhythmic with respect to Period gene expression and electrical activity but do receive direct retinal input. Examination of the timing of neurogenesis using bromodeoxyuridine indicates that SCN cells are born between embryonic day 9.5 and 12.5. Calbindin, GRP, substance P, and VIP cells are born only during early SCN neurogenesis, between embryonic days 9.5–11.0. Vasopressin cells are born over the whole period of SCN neurogenesis, appearing as late as embryonic day 12.5. Examination of the ontogeny of peptide expression in these cell types reveals transient expression of calbindin in a cluster of dorsolateral SCN cells on postnatal days 1–2. The adult pattern of calbindin expression is detected in a different ventrolateral cell cluster starting on postnatal day 2. GRP and SP expression appear on postnatal day 8 and 10, respectively, after the retinohypothalamic tract has innervated the SCN. In summary, the present study describes the ontogeny-specific peptidergic phenotypes in the SCN and compares these developmental patterns to previously identified patterns in the appearance of circadian functions. These comparisons suggest the possibility that these coincident appearances may be causally related, with the direction of causation to be determined.
Evaluation of a turbine driven CCHP system for large office buildings under different operating strategies

Abstract Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems use waste heat from on-site electricity generation to meet the thermal demand of the facility. This paper models a CCHP system for a large office building and examines its primary energy consumption (PEC), operational costs, and carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) with respect to a reference building using conventional technologies. The prime mover used in this investigation is a load share turbine, and the CCHP system is evaluated under three different operation strategies: following the electric demand of the facility, following the thermal demand of the facility, and following a seasonal strategy. For the various strategies, the percentages of total carbon dioxide emissions by source are presented. This paper explores the use of carbon credits to show how the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions that is possible from the CCHP system could translate into economic benefits. In addition, the capital costs available for the CCHP system are determined using the simple payback period. Results indicate that for the evaluated office building located in Chicago the CCHP operation reduces the operational cost, PEC, and CDE from the reference building by an average of 2.6%, 12.1%, and 40.6%, respectively, for all the different operational strategies.
Robustness and self-repair in modular robots

This video shows an uncut sequence of a 15 module robot in a bi-pedal configuration subject to a variety of disturbances yet staying on task. As the robot walks, a large disturbance is introduced. A human kicks the robot in its midsection causing the robot to fall into three separate clusters of five modules. Each of these pieces diagnose their state sensing gravity and their connectedness. They each perform a self-righting maneuver, then begin to search for each other. This is a first demonstration towards the development of solving larger self-reassembly problems that include greater levels of randomization and entropy (more pieces more widely distributed.) The 2006 Robotics Science and Systems workshop on self-reconfigurable robots developed as one of the grand challenges for this area, the ability to survive and self-repair after an explosion. This work will push the technologies required for integrated sensing, localization, distributed control, under highly unstructured conditions.
The nature and effects of Latin America's non-western trend in fertility.

A study by historical comparison of the fertility trends related to mortality levels is made between Latin America and Europe. The purpose of such study is to show why Latin America did not repeat the European mortality-fertility pattern during 1930–1960. Differences between the two areas are established, and an explanation is given about the particular Latin America mortality-fertility model. The effects of such a Latin America trend are pointed out, principally in relation to population growth, city growth and labor force. Hypothetical Latin American populations are calculated under the assumption that the area has repeated the European pattern. A comparison between these hypothetical populations with the actual ones shows how different the situation of the area has actually been. Nevertheless, an analysis of the necessary fertility changes in order to reproduce the European model shows that it was impossible for Latin America to repeat the European mortality-fertility experience during 1930–1960.
Smithsonian Submillimeter Wavelength Array

The SAO Submillimeter Wavelength Array is under construction and is expected to be ready for observations in late 1997. It will consist of six telescopes with baselines from 9 to 470 m and resolutions as fine as 0.'1. Eight receivers will cover all bands from 180 to 900 GHz in linear polarization; two orthogonal polarizations will be available at 350 GHz. Multiyear site testing on Mauna Kea shows that the precipitable water vapor is less than 1 mm for 17% of the total time, and the rms phase fluctuations on a baseline of 100 m are less than 55micrometers for 25% of the total time. The configuration of the array will be optimized to provide nearly uniform coverage in the uv plane within a circular boundary for an instantaneous observation of a source at the zenith. To achieve this distribution, the antennas will be placed along the sides of Reuleaux triangles. The basic electronic architecture follows conventional practice in radio interferometry and involves heterodyne frequency conversion. The correlator-spectrometer will have 92000 spectral channels (6144 lags per baseline) and will be able to provide 1.6-MHz resolution for a total bandwidth of 4 GHz. There were several significant design changes in the past year: a sixth mirror was added to the optical path in each antenna; the antenna configuration was changed to four tangential rings rather than four concentric rings; the correlator rings; the correlator clock rate was increased from 40 to 52 MHz and the IF conversion scheme was changed from a single-sideband conversion to two conventional mixer conversions, in order to improve the image rejection.
Measurement of noise quality of MIG beam noise

Measurements of the frequency distribution and statistical characteristics of the high-level RF noise produced by the high perveance electron beam of a magnetron injection gun show that the noise is nearly white and nearly Gaussian distributed.
Sedimentary Environments in the Malacca Strait, Malaysia: ABSTRACT

A preliminary investigation of the waters and bottom sediments in the Malacca Strait and southern portion of the Andaman Sea, made in 1961 by the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office, resulted in the collection of bottom sediments as well as salinity, temperature, and water transparency observations at 23 stations. Current measurements were made at selected sites for periods of 24 to 36 hours. The Malacca Strait is a narrow, shallow passage between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra with oceanographic and bottom sediment characteristics closely related to the strong currents, debouching rivers, climatic variation, and the close proximity of bordering land masses. The strait assumed its present configuration as a result of the post-glacial rise of sea level which drowned the Sund Shelf. The strait is located in a typical equatorial climate although the monsoonal effects are not as severe as in the more open neighboring areas. A northwest current flow, essentially tidal, prevails in the strait throughout the year, and is largely responsible for the hydrographic and oceanographic conditions in the area. Surface salinities and temperatures are found generally to be lower than in the surrounding seas. A wedge of cold, high-salinity bottom water extends from the Andaman Sea into the Strait. Bottom sediments primarily consist of muddy sands, with large areas of mud occurring in the vicinity of debouching rivers and in the Andaman Sea Basin. Calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of mollusk shells and foraminiferal tests, and organic carbon are found only in minor am unts in the Strait. Higher concentrations of calcium carbonate generally were associated with the finer sediments of the Andaman Sea, while the higher concentrations of organic carbon were found in the vicinity of debouching rivers. The noncalcareous detrital fraction is dominated by quartz, with minor amounts of orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars. The heavy mineral suite is complex due to the varied geology of the bordering land areas. The heavy minerals present consist primarily of leucoxene, ilmenite, magnetite, biotite, and amphiboles. End_of_Article - Last_Page 346------------
Estimates for n-widths of the Hardy-type operators (Addendum to “Improved estimates for the approximation numbers of the Hardy-type operators”)

Consider the Hardy-type operator T: LP (a,b) → LP (a,b), -∞ ≤ a < b ≤ ∞, which is defined by (Tf)(x) = v(x) ∫ax u(t)f(t)dt. It is shown that ρn (T) = 1/n αP ∫ab u(x)v(x)+O(n-2), where ρn (T) stands for any of the following: the Kolmogorov n-width, the Gel'fand n-width, the Bernstein n-width or the nth approximation number of T.
The impact of salesperson-brand personality congruence on salesperson brand identification, motivation and performance outcomes

Purpose – This paper focuses on the role of personality congruence, between salespeople’s own personality and the personality of the brand they represent, in driving salesperson identification with the brand and its subsequent effects on important sales force outcomes, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, task self-efficacy and both behavioral and outcome performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected via an online survey from a cross-sectional sample of salespeople. In all, 246 completed the survey. SmartPLS was used to estimate the measurement model and test the hypothesized path relationships using a (partial least squares) structural model. Findings – Results indicated support for all proposed hypotheses in our model. In conclusion, we demonstrate, that the congruency of the salesperson personality with his or her perceived brand personality has a significant impact on the brand identification by the salesperson. This identification has important sales force outcomes, including...
Skeletal Uptake and Lifetime Retention of 90Sr and 226Ra in Beagles

Skeletal uptake and retention of graded doses of ingested or injected90 Sr and injected226 Ra have been studied in 863 beagles; measurements of skeletal burden were made up to a maximum lifetime of 18.5 years. Doses ranged from 0 in 162 controls to levels that markedly reduced life span. Skeletal uptake of the administered doses averaged 2 to 2.3% for90 Sr fed to 388 beagles from midgestation to age 540 days, 33 to 35% for 45 dogs that were given single intravenous injections of90 Sr at age 540 days, and 37 to 45% for226 Ra given in eight fortnightly intravenous injections to 253 dogs from age 435 to 540 days. Skeletal retention was evaluated from the time when uptake ended until death, which occurred, on the average, at 14 to 14.5 years for the lower levels. Simple two-parameter power functions of the form ${\rm SB}(t)=at^{-b}$, with SB the skeletal burden, t the time after beginning of intake, and a and b fitted parameters, but corrected for radioactive decay, were used to describe the whole-skeleton re...
The singularities of asymptotic quantum field theory

It has been shown recently that the L.S.Z. formulation of quantum field theory can produce finite solutions for theS-matrix elements to all orders in perturbation theory. In this paper these solutions for the scattering of an arbitrary number of scalar bosons are examined in momentum space and their singularity structure is found. It is shown that the extension off the mass shell, as carried out byPugh (1), of the fundamental L.S.Z. equations, yields solutions which are the continuation of the right-hand side of the unitarity relation,R+R †=R † R to unphysical off-mass-shell regions. The analytic mass-shell amplitudes are constructed using the unitarity condition and this continuation. By induction it is shown that the perturbation solutions of asymptotic quantum field theory possess in any order only the singularities which are required by unitarity. These have been shown byStapp (3) to correspond to the Landau singularities of ordinary quantum field theory.
Recall of paired-associates as a function of overt and covert rehearsal procedures

The effect on memory of the mode of studying paired associates was investigated with a continuous-presentation technique. Overt rehearsal was found to be superior to covert study for all Ss. Furthermore, the form of the forgetting curve was qualitatively different for the two study procedures. The overt-rehearsal curve dropped slowly at first and then very rapidly defining an S-shaped function, whereas the curve for the covert-study condition decayed exponentially. A mathematical model employing a short-term rehearsal buffer and a long-term memory state accurately predicted the data obtained under the two study conditions.
Learning Using Structured Data: Application to fMRI Data Analysis

This paper investigates a new learning setting recently introduced by Vapnik (2006) that takes into account a known structure of the training data to improve generalization performance. This setting is a special case of a new inference technology known as learning with hidden information(Vapnik, 2006) suitable for many real-life applications with sparse high-dimensional data. We first briefly describe an extension of SVM called SVMgamma+ (Vapnik, 2006) that is associated with this new learning setting, and verify its effectiveness using a synthetic data set. Then we demonstrate the effectiveness of SVMgamma+ on a difficult real-life problem: detection of cognitive states from fMRI images obtained from different subjects. These empirical results show that the SVMgamma+ approach achieves improved inter-subject generalization vs standard SVM technology.
A Study of the Higher Electronic Transitions of Selenoformaldehyde, CH2Se

Abstract The π → π* and n → 5 s absorption spectra of selenoformaldehyde, CH 2 Se and CD 2 Se, are reported. Both spectra are diffuse. The π → π* transition extends from 243 to 210 nm with an extensive Franck–Condon profile and intensity maximum estimated at 230 nm. The Rydberg n → 5 s transition is superimposed on the π → π* system. While still diffuse, the system is less extensive and shows an intensity maximum at 235 nm. The corresponding Rydberg transition of the deuterated species is blue shifted by 140 cm −1 .
Central administration of melanin-concentrating hormone increases alcohol and sucrose/quinine intake in rats.

Background: Alcohol is a caloric compound that can contribute to energy intake. Therefore, peptides that regulate energy balance likely modify the motivation to consume alcohol. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) regulates energy homeostasis and has been implicated in other behaviors that impact alcohol consumption (i.e., anxiety, fluid balance, and reward). We tested the hypothesis that MCH would decrease the motivation to consume alcohol secondarily to reducing anxiety. Methods: Rats were trained to drink 10% ethanol or an isocaloric concentration of sucrose with use of a sucrose-fading technique. MCH (1, 5, or 10 μg) or its saline vehicle was administered into the third cerebral ventricle (i3vt), and intake of ethanol or sucrose and chow was assessed for 2 hr. Alcohol-naive rats were evaluated in an elevated plus maze after i3vt MCH (10 μg), neuropeptide Y, or saline administration. Results: Contrary to the hypothesis, MCH dose-dependently increased alcohol intake: saline = 0.7 ± 0.1 g/kg, 1 μg MCH = 1.0 ± 0.1 g/kg, 5 μg MCH = 1.2 ± 0.1 g/kg, and 10 μg MCH = 1.8 ± 0.3 g/kg (p < 0.01), and this was true whether water was simultaneously available or not. MCH also significantly increased sucrose intake (saline = 1.0 ± 0.3 g/kg, 10 μg MCH = 1.4 ± 0.5 g/kg; p < 0.05). MCH had no effect on time spent in the open arms (54.3 ± 11.5 sec) relative to saline (58.2 ± 23.8 sec), whereas neuropeptide Y, a known anxiolytic, increased time spent on the open arms (119.2 ± 22 sec, p < 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that MCH nonspecifically increases ingestive behavior. Furthermore, MCH had no apparent effect on anxiety. The ability of MCH to increase alcohol and/or sucrose intake may be explained by the effect of MCH on energy balance and/or reward processes.
From Interior Algebras to Unital ℓ-Groups: A Unifying Treatment of Modal Residuated Lattices

Much work has been done on specific instances of residuated lattices with modal operators (either nuclei or conuclei). In this paper, we develop a general framework that subsumes three important classes of modal residuated lattices: interior algebras, Abelian l-groups with conuclei, and negative cones of l-groups with nuclei. We then use this framework to obtain results about these three cases simultaneously. In particular, we show that a categorical equivalence exists in each of these cases. The approach used here emphasizes the role played by reducts in the proofs of these categorical equivalences. Lastly, we develop a connection between translations of logics and images of modal operators.
Functional Analysis of Interleukin 6 Response Elements (IL-6REs) on the Human γ-Fibrinogen Promoter BINDING OF HEPATIC Stat3 CORRELATES NEGATIVELY WITH TRANSACTIVATION POTENTIAL OF TYPE II IL-6REs

Several families of transcription factors play important roles in modulating liver-specific gene expression during an acute phase response (APR). Stat3/APR factor is the main transactivator of gene expression by the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines signaling through gp130. During an APR, fibrinogen (FBG) genes are coordinately up-regulated by IL-6 and glucocorticoids. Except for rat γFBG, attempts to demonstrate direct binding of IL-6-activated Stat3 to FBG CTGGGAA promoter elements have not been successful. Herein we show the presence of three functional type II IL-6 response elements (IL-6REs) on the human γFBG promoter and that the magnitude of Stat3 binding to these elements correlates negatively with their functional activity in reporter gene assays. Stat3-specific binding to γFBG IL-6REs was confirmed by cross-competition with α2-macroglobulin IL-6RE and specific interactions with anti-Stat3 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. All type II IL-6REs contributed to full promoter activity; however, transactivation from Site II at –306 to –301 was strongest. In contrast to a previous report, IL-6 failed to induce activation of serum amyloid A-activating factor-1/c-Myc-associated zinc finger protein (SAF-1/MAZ), and mutation of the SAF-1RE had little effect on IL-6 induction of γFBG promoter activity. In the absence of a functional glucocorticoid receptor response element, dexamethasone potentiated IL-6-induced γFBG promoter activity 2-fold, requiring promoter-proximal Site I and Site II; the promoter-distal Site III had no effect on dexamethasone potentiation of IL-6-induced promoter activity. Notably the propensity for Stat3 binding to human γFBG IL-6REs was low compared with Stat3 binding to the α2-macroglobulin IL-6RE. Together these data suggest that Stat3 transactivation via IL-6REs on FBG promoters likely involves participation of additional transcription factors and/or coactivators to achieve optimal coordinated up-regulation during an APR.
Psychological predictors of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction outcomes: a systematic review.

Purpose Lack of return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often occurs despite adequate restoration of knee function, and there is growing evidence that psychological difference among patients may play an important role in this discrepancy. The purpose of this review is to identify baseline psychological factors that are predictive of clinically relevant ACL reconstruction outcomes, including return to sport, rehab compliance, knee pain, and knee function.
Double flux‐rope magnetic cloud in the solar wind at 1 AU

[1] We present a study of a magnetic cloud observed by Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) in the solar wind at 1 AU on August 12, 2000. Its cross-section is obtained from magnetic field and plasma measurements by using a Grad-Shafranov reconstruction technique. This shows a configuration of asymmetric double flux ropes with a single-X point in between. Overall magnetic field and current density distributions are obtained numerically in a 2D domain. The boundary confining the flux ropes is defined in consistency with two-dimensional, magnetohydrostatic theory. Several parameters characterizing the flux ropes are derived. A benchmark case is illustrated to validate the approach.
Skeletal muscle ventricles with improved thromboresistance: 28 weeks in circulation

Skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) were constructed from the left latissimus dorsi in 22 mongrel dogs. The configuration of these SMVs was different from those previously reported. The animals were divided into two groups: group A (n = 11) SMVs rested for 10 weeks after construction; group B (n = 11) SMVs rested for 18 weeks. At the end of the delay period, SMVs were tested in vivo with a mock circulation device. The SMVs in group B developed stroke work greater than those in group A. After acute testing, SMVs (n = 12) were connected to the descending thoracic aorta and stimulated to contract during diastole. Aortic diastolic counterpulsation was achieved in all dogs, with 9 animals surviving from 1 to beyond 28 weeks. In all of the dogs surviving 1 week or more, the SMVs remained free of thrombus. Aspirin was used as the only antithrombotic agent. Skeletal muscle ventricles in this study were able to develop stroke work similar to that previously reported, intermediate between that of the right and left ventricular stroke work, with a significantly decreased incidence of thromboembolism.
Translational efficiency of transfer RNA's: uses of an extended anticodon

Transfer RNA's are probably very strongly selected for translational efficiency. In this article, the argument is presented that the coding performance of the triplet anticodon is enhanced by selection of a matching anticodon loop and stem sequence. the anticodon plus these nearby sequence features (the extended anticodon) therefore contains more coding information than the anticodon alone and can perform more efficiently and accurately at the ribosome. This idea successfully accounts for the relative efficiencies of many transfer RNA's.
Effects of oxalate on Fe-catalyzed photooxidation of dissolved sulfur dioxide in atmospheric water

Abstract Fe-catalyzed photochemical oxidation of dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), S(IV), in the presence of oxalate has been studied under the conditions typical for acidified atmospheric water. The Fe(III)-catalyzed oxidation of S(IV) is first order with respect to S(IV) concentration in the absence of oxalate. The presence of oxalate strongly inhibits Fe(III)-catalyzed S(IV) oxidation due to the formation of Fe(III)–oxalato complexes both in the dark and under UV–visible light. However, under UV–visible light irradiation, the generation of photooxidants, such as H 2 O 2 and OH radicals, by photochemical/chemical cycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II)–oxalato complexes, leads to the photochemical oxidation of S(IV). The initial oxidation rate increases with oxalate and Fe(III) concentration in the concentration ranges studied. The rate of Fe(III)-catalyzed photochemical oxidation of S(IV) in the presence of oxalate increases with increasing pH value of reaction solution and with decreasing irradiation wavelength. The concentrations of oxalate and other organic ligands are sufficiently large to significantly change the rates of Fe-catalyzed oxidation of dissolved SO 2 in atmospheric water droplets during both day- and night time.
Spontaneous migration of a catheter embolus from the left inferior to the right inferior pulmonary artery

This is the first reported case of a spontaneous migration of an embolized catheter fragment from the left side of the pulmonary arterial system to the right side.
A Hybrid System for Analyzing Very Large Graphs

This paper presents a case study of the design of a hybrid SQL data storage combined with procedural programing language processing (HSPPL) system for the analysis of large graphs. The HSPPL system was evaluated against a system with SQL data storage combined with SQL language processing (SQL), and against a system with internal memory storage combined with procedural programming language processing (PPL). In one experiment, the three systems were used to perform a shortest path analysis on six test graphs which varied in size and density. The HSPPL system was significantly faster than the SQL system and was able to handle graphs larger than those that could be handled by the PPL system, but the HSPPL system was significantly slower than the PPL system. In a second experiment, the three systems were used to perform graph partitioning on four benchmark problems. The results of the partitioning produced by the three systems were not statistically different. The results suggest that an HSPPL system for analyzing large graphs is feasible and may be particularly useful in situations where a graph under analysis is too large to fit into host machine main memory.
Algorithm for optimal mode-scheduling in switched-mode hybrid dynamical systems

This paper proposes an algorithm for optimal mode scheduling in switched-mode hybrid dynamical systems. The variable parameter consists of the sequence of modes and the switching times between them, and the cost criterion has the form of an integral of a suitable cost function over the state trajectory. The sequencing variable is discrete and hence the problem cannot be solved by standard optimal control techniques. Furthermore, as it is common in optimal scheduling, the problem may be NP hard. In order to ensure computability we replace global optimality by a suitable notion of suboptimality that reflects local minima of schedules. We propose an effective algorithm, prove its convergence, and demonstrate it on an example.
Hypoxemia and lung water in acute myocardial infarction

Pulmonary extravascular volume or lung water (PEV), arterial blood gases, and cardiac hemodynamics were measured in 88 patients with acute myocardial infarction. A progressive increase in PEV and a decrease in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) were observed from Class I (uncomplicated) patients to Class III (frank pulmonary edema) patients. Heart rate and pulmonary wedge pressure (Pw) rose and cardiac index declined with increasing severity of heart failure by clinical classification. There was a significant correlation between PEV and Pw independent of clinical class (r = 0.47, p less than 0.01). PaO2 had a negative correlation with Pw (r = -0.28, p less than 0.01) as well as PEV (r = -0.26, p less than 0.02). We conclude therefore that increased pulmonary hydrostatic pressure secondary to pulmonary venous hypertension in patients with acute myocardial infarction is a major determinant of interstitial edema. At higher values of PEV, PaO2 was lower. The mechanism of hypoxemia in the presence of excessive lung water may be due to multiple factors, including small airway dysfunction and intrapulmonary shunting.
Outcomes of the modified norwood procedure: hypoplastic left heart syndrome versus other single-ventricle malformations.

Recent studies have suggested that survival after the modified Norwood procedure is influenced by anatomy and is worse for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) than for patients with other forms of functional single ventricle. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the modified Norwood procedure for these two groups at a single center. A retrospective chart review compared modified Norwood procedure outcomes between children with HLHS (n = 40) and children with other single-ventricle malformations (n = 19) from January 2002 to August 2012. The HLHS patients had a lower mean age (10.0 ± 13.2 days) at the time of operation than the non-HLHS patients (16.5 ± 18.5 days). The difference was not significant. The number of patients with a Sano modification was significantly higher in the HLHS group (HLHS 85 % vs non-HLHS 32 %; p \ 0.001). The follow- up data did not differ between the groups (HLHS 3.6 ± 3.2 years vs non-HLHS 4.8 ± 3.3 years, nonsignif- icant difference). The overall operative survival was 85 %: 83 % for the patients with HLHS and 89 % for the patients with non-HLHS (nonsignificant difference). The Kaplan- Meier transplant-free survival estimate at 10 years was 73 % and did not differ between the HLHS patients (67 %) and the non-HLHS patients (84 %, nonsignificant differ- ence). The timing of stages 2 and 3 palliation (bidirectional Glenn and external conduit Fontan) did not differ signifi- cantly (HLHS, 7.0 ± 2.8 months and 3.0 ± 0.5 years vs non-HLHS 6.1 ± 1.7 months and 2.8 ± 0.8 years). The two groups were similar with respect to the need for post- Norwood extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, aortic arch reinterventions, atrioventricular valve repair, pulmonary artery reconstruction, pacemaker implantation, and progression to bidirectional Glenn and Fontan com- pletion. The modified Norwood reconstruction provides good palliation for HLHS as well as other forms of func- tional single-ventricle anatomy. Survival, postoperative morbidity, and progression to Glenn and Fontan are not significantly different.
Predictions of episodic memory following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation.

We examined memory self-awareness and memory self-monitoring abilities during inpatient rehabilitation in participants with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Twenty-nine participants with moderate to severe TBI and 29 controls matched on age, gender, and education completed a performance prediction paradigm. To assess memory self-awareness, participants predicted the amount of information they would remember before completing list-learning and visual-spatial memory tasks. Memory self-monitoring was assessed by participants' ability to increase accuracy of their predictions after experience with the tests. Although the TBI participants performed more poorly than controls on both episodic memory tasks, no significant group differences emerged in memory self-awareness or memory self-monitoring. The TBI participants predicted that their memory performances would be poorer than that of controls, accurately adjusted their predictions in accordance with the demands of the tasks, and successfully modified their predictions following experience with the tasks. The results indicate that moderate to severe TBI individuals in the early stages of recovery can competently assess the demands of externally-driven metamemorial situations and utilize experience with task to accurately update their knowledge of memory abilities.
Vertical InAs-Si Gate-All-Around Tunnel FETs Integrated on Si Using Selective Epitaxy in Nanotube Templates

In this paper, we introduce ${p}$ -channel InAs-Si tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) fabricated using selective epitaxy in nanotube templates. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach, which enables III–V nanowire integration on Si substrates of any crystalline orientation. Electrical characterization of diodes and of TFETs fabricated using this method is presented; the TFETs exhibit a good overall performance with on-currents, ${I} _{\rm on}$ of 6 $\mu $ A/ $\mu $ m ( $|V_{GS}| = |V_{DS}| = 1$ V) and a room-temperature subthreshold swing ( SS ) of $\sim 160$ mV/dec over at least three orders of magnitude in current. Temperature-dependent measurements indicate that SS is limited by traps. We demonstrate improved TFET ${I} _{\rm on}$ performance by 1–2 orders of magnitude by scaling the equivalent oxide thickness from 2.7 to 1.5 nm. Furthermore, a novel benchmarking scheme is proposed to allow the comparison of different TFET data found in literature despite the different measurement conditions used.
Citation patterns of a controversial and high-impact paper: Worm et al. (2006) "Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services".

Citation patterns were examined for Worm et al. 2006 (Science 314∶787–790), a high-impact paper that focused on relationships between marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. This paper sparked much controversy through its projection, highlighted in the press release, that all marine fisheries would be collapsed by 2048. Analysis of 664 citing papers revealed that only a small percentage (11%) referred to the 2048 projection, while 39% referred to fisheries collapse in general, and 40% to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The 2048 projection was mentioned more often in papers published soon after the original paper, in low-impact journals, and in journals outside of fields that would be expected to focus on biodiversity. Citing papers also mentioned the 2048 projection more often if they had few authors (28% of single-author papers vs. 2% of papers with 10 or more authors). These factors suggest that the more knowledgeable the authors of citing papers were about the controversy over the 2048 projection, the less likely they were to refer to it. A noteworthy finding was that if the original authors were also involved in the citing papers, they rarely (1 of 55 papers, 2%) mentioned the 2048 projection. Thus the original authors have emphasized the broader concerns about biodiversity loss, rather than the 2048 projection, as the key result of their study.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PUBERTY IN BOYS

A prospective study, designed to correlate serial measurements of tropic and end organ hormone levels with the physical changes of puberty, was carried out in 46 boys with physical examinations and blood samples every 6 months for 4 years. Serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone (T), andro-stenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), DHA sulfate, progesterone (P), 17 OH-P, estrone, and estradiol were determined and correlated with genital and pubic hair staging criteria, appearance of axillary hair, facial hair, voice change, acne, pubertal gynecomastia, weight gain, and height increase.
FosB expression in the central nervous system following isotonic volume expansion in unanesthetized rats

We examined c-Fos and FosB staining in the central nervous system 8 and 24 h following acute volume expansion in unanesthetized rats. Male rats were instrumented with a femoral artery catheter for measurement of blood pressure and heart rate (HR), a jugular venous catheter for measurement of central venous pressure (CVP), and a femoral vein catheter for i.v. infusion. After 48 h, rats were volume expanded with isotonic saline (10% of body weight for 10 min i.v.) or given a control infusion (0.01 ml/min for 10 min i.v.). After a period of 8 or 24 h, the rats were deeply anesthetized and perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde. Separate sets of serial sections of the hypothalamus were processed for either FosB (Santa Cruz) or c-Fos (Oncogene AB-5) immunocytochemistry. The volume expansion protocol significantly increased central venous pressure but did not affect blood pressure or heart rate. Volume expansion produced a significant increase in FosB-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the perinuclear zone (PNZ) of the supraoptic nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVL) in both the 8- and 24-h groups. In the area postrema (AP), the number of FosB-positive cells was significantly increased only at 8 h post-infusion. However, c-Fos was not significantly increased above control levels at either time point. The results demonstrate that FosB activation is maintained for at least 24 h following an acute increase in central venous pressure.