cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Geographic Information Systems, Complex Networks, and Other Models for Analyzing Transportation Network Topologies

This report reviews six classes of models that are used for studying transportation network topologies. The report is motivated by two main questions. First, what can the "new science" of complex networks (scale-free, small-world networks) contribute to our understanding of transport network structure, compared to more traditional methods? Second, how can geographic information systems (GIS) contribute to studying transport networks? The report defines terms that can be used to classify different kinds of models by their function, composition, mechanism, spatial and temporal dimensions, certainty, linearity, and resolution. Six broad classes of models for analyzing transport network topologies are then explored: GIS; static graph theory; complex networks; mathematical programming; simulation; and agent-based modeling. Each class of models is defined and classified according to the attributes introduced earlier. The paper identifies some typical types of research questions about network structure that have been addressed by each class of model in the literature.
On the stereochemical characteristic of the thermal reactions of vinylcyclobutane.

This Perspective outlines the stereochemical and mechanistic complexities inherent in the thermal reactions converting vinylcyclobutane to cyclohexene, butadiene, and ethylene. The structural isomerization and the fragmentation processes seem, at first sight, to be obvious and simple. When considered more carefully and investigated with the aid of deuterium-labeled stereochemically well-defined vinylcyclobutane derivatives there emerges a complex kinetic situation traced by 56 structure-to-structure transformations and 12 independent kinetic parameters. Experimental determinations of stereochemical details of stereomutations and [1,3] carbon sigmatropic shifts are now being pursued and will in time contribute to gaining relevant evidence casting light on the reaction dynamics involved as flexible short-lived diradical intermediates trace the paths leading from one d2-labeled vinylcyclobutane starting material to a mixture of 16 structures.
Association of Subclinical Hearing Loss With Cognitive Performance

Importance Age-related hearing loss (HL) is a common and treatable condition that has been associated with cognitive impairment. The level of hearing at which this association begins has not been studied to date. Objective To investigate whether the association between hearing and cognition is present among individuals traditionally classified as having normal hearing. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study of 2 US epidemiologic studies (Hispanic Community Health Study [HCHS], 2008-2011, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Study [NHANES], 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2011-2012 cycles). The dates of analysis were November 2018 to August 2019. Multivariable generalized additive model (GAM) regression and linear regression were used to assess the association between HL (exposure) and cognition (outcome). Participants included 6451 individuals aged 50 years or older from the general Hispanic population (HCHS [n = 5190]) and the general civilian, noninstitutionalized US population (NHANES [n = 1261]). Exposures Audiometric HL (4-frequency pure-tone average). Main Outcomes and Measures Neurocognitive performance measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) (score range, 0-113), Word Frequency Test (range, 0-49), Spanish-English Verbal Learning Test (SEVLT) 3 trials (range, 5-40), SEVLT recall (range, 0-15), and Six-Item Screener (range, 0-6); higher scores indicated better cognitive performance. Results Among 6451 individuals, the mean (SD) age was 59.4 (6.1) years, and 3841 (59.5%) were women. The GAM regression showed a significant inverse association between hearing and cognition across the entire spectrum of hearing after adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular disease. In separate multivariable linear regressions stratified by the classic binary definition of HL, decreased hearing was independently associated with decreased cognition in adults with normal hearing (pure-tone average ≤25 dB) across all cognitive tests in the HCHS. For example in this group, a 10-dB decrease in hearing was associated with a clinically meaningful 1.97-point (95% CI, 1.18-2.75) decrease in score on the DSST. When using a stricter HL cut point (15 dB), an association was also present in NHANES. The associations between hearing and cognition were stronger or equivalent in individuals with normal hearing than among those with HL. For example, there was a 2.28-point (95% CI, 1.56-3.00) combined cohort DSST score decrease per 10-dB decrease among individuals with normal hearing vs a 0.97-point (95% CI, 0.20-1.75) decrease among those with HL, with a significant interaction term between continuous and binary hearing. Conclusions and Relevance An independent association was observed between cognition and subclinical HL. The association between hearing and cognition may be present earlier in HL than previously understood. Studies investigating whether treating HL can prevent impaired cognition and dementia should consider a lower threshold for defining HL than the current 25-dB threshold.
The Effect of Past Abuse on PFC Recovery from an Alcohol Use Disorder

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of trauma on Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) and recovery, specifically through examining associations between past trauma and prefrontal cortex acti...
AGGRESSIVE ACUTE CORONARY THROMBOSIS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS FLARE

Thromboembolic disease is a well-recognized complication of Ulcerative Colitis (UC), but coronary involvement is rare. Chest pain in UC flare should raise suspicion for acute coronary thrombosis. A 46 year old male with UC was admitted after 3 weeks of bloody diarrhea despite treatment with
Automated platform for high-throughput screening of base-modified aptamers for affinity and specificity

Summary Aptamers incorporating chemically modified bases can achieve superior affinity and specificity compared to natural aptamers, but their discovery remains a labor-intensive, low-throughput task. Here we describe the ‘non-natural aptamer array’ (N2A2) system, which enables fully automated, high-throughput screening of base-modified aptamers using a minimally modified Illumina MiSeq instrument. We demonstrate the capability to screen multiple different base modifications to identify the optimal choice for high-affinity target binding. We further use N2A2 to generate aptamers that specifically recognize protein posttranslational modifications, and which maintain strong target affinity in serum. Finally, we demonstrate comprehensive profiling of single- and double-base aptamer mutations to rapidly identify key sequence motifs responsible for binding activity in a single run. N2A2 requires only minor mechanical modifications to the MiSeq and a software suite for automation that we have made freely available. As such, we believe our platform offers a broadly accessible and user-friendly tool for generating custom reagents on-demand.
Effect of weld power and interfacial temperature on mechanical strength and microstructure of carbon steel 4130 fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Abstract Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a solid-state 3D printing technology. Steels can be welded with UAM at reduced ultrasonic power, achieving half the shear strength of bulk material. A higher weld power is demonstrated by using a cobalt-based sonotrode coating, achieving shear strengths comparable to bulk 4130 material. In-situ temperature measurements and fracture surface analyses indicate that higher power input promotes metallurgical bonding through softening and increased plastic deformation. Carbides and ferrite are found at 1 μm scale at key weld interfaces; no martensite is found due to an increase in critical transformation temperatures associated with high heating rates.
State-Transition Analysis of Time-Sequential microRNA Expression Predicts Development of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have been shown to hold prognostic value in a variety of settings, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the temporal dynamics of miRNA expression profiles as it relates to AML initiation and progression is poorly understood. Using serial samples from a mouse model of AML, we show that the miRNA transcriptome undergoes state-transition during AML initiation and progression. The AML state-transition was visualized and modeled by constructing an AML state-space from singular value decomposition of the time-series miRNA sequencing data. Within the AML state-space, we identified critical points of AML development characterized by unique differentially expressed miRNAs compared to healthy controls at critical points of leukemogenesis (early, transition, and late). Interestingly, we observed that changes in miRNA expression during leukemogenesis followed two patterns: 1) a monotonic pattern with continuously increasing or decreasing expression; and 2) a non-monotonic pattern with a local maximum or minimum at the transition critical point which was the "point of no-return" from health to AML. We validated the AML state-space and dynamics in an independent cohort of mice and demonstrated the state-transition model accurately predicted time to AML. Of note, we show that the miRNA-derived state-transition model produced a state-space and critical points that were strikingly similar, but not identical to that produced by the coding (i.e., messenger [m]RNA-based) transcriptome. This indicates that while both miRNA and mRNA expression may provide similar information, they also capture independent features of AML state-transition. SignificanceWe show that the microRNA transcriptome undergoes a global state transition during the initiation and progression of acute myeloid leukemia, and accurately predicts time to disease development.
A High-Performance Persistent Memory Key-Value Store with Near-Memory Compute.

MCAS (Memory Centric Active Storage) is a persistent memory tier for high-performance durable data storage. It is designed from the ground-up to provide a key-value capability with low-latency guarantees and data durability through memory persistence and replication. To reduce data movement and make further gains in performance, we provide support for user-defined "push-down" operations (known as Active Data Objects) that can execute directly and safely on the value-memory associated with one or more keys. The ADO mechanism allows complex pointer-based dynamic data structures (e.g., trees) to be stored and operated on in persistent memory. To this end, we examine a real-world use case for MCAS-ADO in the handling of enterprise storage system metadata for Continuous Data Protection (CDP). This requires continuously updating complex metadata that must be kept consistent and durable. In this paper, we i.) present the MCAS-ADO system architecture, ii.) show how the CDP use case is implemented, and finally iii.) give an evaluation of system performance in the context of this use case.
REPERCURSSÃO E BENEFICIOS DA MOBILIZAÇÃO PRECOCE EM PACIENTES CRITICOS RESTRITOS AO LEITO

Early mobilization is a physical therapy resource that has been applied to patients admitted to the ICU due to the deleterious effects caused by the prolonged period of immobilization. The following problem was investigated “what is the repercussion and benefits of early mobilization in critically ill patients restricted to bed?”. The hypothesis was raised that early mobilization acts on the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological and musculoskeletal systems, intensifying pulmonary hematosis, maintaining muscle strength and decreasing hospital stay. The aim of this study was to identify the effects, benefits and repercussions of early mobilization in critical patients restricted to the ICU bed. This study is justified by seeking scientific evidence about the practices adopted in the ICU and, with that, pointing out ways for new research on the theme; it adds to society, as it seeks answers regarding the length of stay and the quality of life of inpatients and their families. It is a qualitative theoretical research of three months duration.
The Development and Validation of the Multi‐Dimensional Identification Scale (MDIS)

Based on recent identity research, we developed the Multi-Dimensional Identity Scale (MDIS), and the psychometric properties of the MDIS are examined. We report the results of 3 studies used for item generation and analyses and exploratory factor structure analysis (Study 1), confirmatory factor structure analyses (Studies 1, 2, and 3), and construct validity (Study 3). Collectively, these studies illustrate the psychometric properties of a new measure of identity that is multidimensional and adaptable to various identity bases (i.e., organizational, family, social). Based on exploratory and confirmatory studies, our measure demonstrates the same factor structure for organization-based identity and social-based identity and a similar factor structure for family-based identity. Convergent and discriminant validity are demonstrated. jasp_770 1632..1658
Comparison of the Clearview Chlamydia, the PACE 2 assay, and culture for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis from cervical specimens in a low-prevalence population.

The Clearview Chlamydia assay (Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.), the PACE 2 DNA probe assay (GenProbe, San Diego, Calif.), and culture were compared for their abilities to detect Chlamydia trachomatis from cervical specimens in a population with a low prevalence (3.9%) of chlamydial infections. A consensus reference method was used. The consensus reference method defined a positive specimen as one with a positive culture result or positive by both of the two nonculture methods. Of the 940 specimens tested, 37 were positive; 36 were positive by culture, 28 were positive by the PACE 2 assay, and 27 were positive by the Clearview assay, giving sensitivities of 97.3, 75.5, and 72.9%, respectively, and specificities of 100, 97.1, and 98.9%, respectively. There was a direct correlation between the number of inclusion-forming units detected by culture and the ability of the two nonculture methods to detect the positive specimens.
Using a Situational Q‐Sort to Assess Perceptions of a Food Recall Message as a Function of Delivery via Social, Organizational or Traditional Media

Behavior in response to a crisis will result from a combination of individual and situational variables. In spite of the increased recognition of the importance of situational variables, a literature and methodological toolkit for the study of situational influences that is comparable with those available for individual variables has not yet emerged. However, the recently developed Riverside Situational Q-sort provides a novel method for quantifying subjective impressions of any situation. This proof-of-concept demonstration asked participants to complete the RSQ in response to an imaginary food crisis situation communicated via one of three message sources (social media, organizational website and traditional media). Results illustrate the potential of this method to provide quantitative evaluations of subjective responses to crisis situations.
Introduction to this Special Issue: The Gaps and Pathways Project for Medically-at-Risk Older Drivers

Beginning in 2003, NHTSA has partnered with the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) in an effort to build the capacity of the occupational therapy profession to address the safe drivin...
N,N′-(1R,2R)-1,2-Cyclohexanediylbis[N-hydroxy-α-phenybenzeneacetamide]

[860036-16-4] C34H34N2O4 (MW 534.64) InChI = 1S/C34H34N2O4/c37-33(31(25-15-5-1-6-16-25)26-17-7-2-8-18-26)35(39)29-23-13-14-24-30(29)36(40)34(38)32(27-19-9-3-10-20-27)28-21-11-4-12-22-28/h1-12,15-22,29-32,39-40H,13-14,23-24H2/t29-,30-/m1/s1 InChIKey = FSKBHXVAXWHEQT-LOYHVIPDSA-N (reagent used as a ligand in combination with vanadium or molybdenum salts to enable asymmetric oxidation of allylic alcohols, sulfides, and phosphines) Alternate Names: (1R,2R)-N,N′-dihydroxy-N,N′-bis(diphenylacetyl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (1R,2R)-N,N′-dihydroxy-N,N′-bis(diphenylacetyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (R)-CBHA-DPA bishydroxamic acid (BHA) Physical Data: mp 200–205°C, optical activity (c, 1, chloroform). Solubility: soluble in organic solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, and DMSO) Form Supplied in: beige colored powder, available from selected chemical suppliers: Sigma-Aldrich Co. and Tokyo Chemical Industry. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: this compound should be handled with gloves. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product. Hazardous decomposition product may form under fire conditions. Exposure to the compound may cause skin irritation, respiratory tract infection, and eye irritation depending on the scale of use. Compound should be stored in a dry place away from other strong oxidizing agents. Usually stable under recommended storage conditions.
Economic Scholarship in Canada

Economics first appeared in a Canadian university curriculum more than eighty years ago; thirty years later several universities were offering groups of courses in economics that could qualify a student for the equivalent of an honours degree in economics; but it is only in the past thirty-five years that a steady flow of scholarly writing in Canadian economics has developed. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of this Journal provides an appropriate occasion to review briefly the expansion of economic scholarship in Canada. The first university course in political economy to be offered in Canada was in 1878 when the Department of Philosophy at Queen's University introduced a course of lectures based on Adam Smith, Mill, and Jevons. Ten years later, in 1888, Adam Shortt was appointed lecturer in political economy and in 1891 he became the Sir John A. Macdonald Professor of Political Science. The University of Toronto appointed its first professor of political science in 1888, and (Sir) William Ashley gave lectures in both political economy and constitutional history. McGill entered the field in 1899 when Dr. LeRossignol of Colorado was appointed visiting professor for one year. In 1900 Stephen Leacock was appointed lecturer in political science, and in 1901 (Sir) William Flux was brought over from England to occupy McGill's first chair in economics. The succeeding chairs of political economy in Canadian universities were occupied by A. L. McCrimmon at McMaster in 1904, E. Bouchette at Montreal in 1907, and A. B. Clark at Manitoba in 1909.
Job simulation techniques on incomplete and Gray code incomplete hypercubes

We show that any job (in particular, data communication techniques such as sorting, merging, parallel prefix, distribution etc.) can be executed on the synchronous model of incomplete hypercube within asymptotically the same time complexity as on a (complete) hypercube of appropriate size. We then obtain similar results for the GCIH (Gray code incomplete hypercube) model. GCIHs have some applications based on partitioning a (complete) hypercube into several GCIHs, each being temporarily isolated from the rest of hypercube. GCIHs provide a very simple method to allocate some processors to perform a job on a complete hypercube, since it enables the memory allocation techniques for sequential computers to be directly used. The other application is in image processing and other fields where multiple component problems occur. >
The Impact of E-Cigarette Addiction Warnings and Health-Related Claims on Consumers’ Risk Beliefs and Use Intentions:

AbstractThe popularity of electronic cigarettes continues to skyrocket across the United States. Given the multitude of aggressive promotional campaigns launched by e-cigarette manufacturers, including some that have offered unsubstantiated health claims, this rapid growth is not surprising. Despite this popularity, many consumers may be unaware that some in the health care community consider e-cigarette use a serious public health issue because most e-cigarettes deliver highly addictive nicotine through vapor. Consequently, the Food and Drug Administration now requires e-cigarette manufacturers to disclose information about the highly addictive nature of their products. Results across two studies show that addiction warnings and health claims presented in e-cigarette advertising influence consumers’ risk beliefs. Although a warning statement increases consumers’ addiction risk beliefs, the concurrent presence of a health-related claim in the e-cigarette advertisement weakens the effect. Findings also sug...
Interannual Variability of Monsoon Precipitation and Local Subcloud Equivalent Potential Temperature

AbstractThe interannual variability of monsoon precipitation is described in the context of a convective quasi-equilibrium framework. Using two reanalysis products and two global precipitation datasets, the authors examine linear relationships between seasonal anomalies of precipitation and subcloud equivalent potential temperature (θeb) local to six monsoon regions. This approach provides a single near-surface thermodynamically relevant variable over both land and ocean, extending previous studies of interannual monsoon variability that emphasized ocean surface temperatures. After removing the variability linearly associated with an index of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation, positive monsoon precipitation anomalies are shown to be associated with enhanced θeb local to and slightly poleward of the climatological θeb maximum. The variations in continental θeb local to the monsoon precipitation maxima are mainly due to variations in subcloud specific humidity, with changes in subcloud temperature having the...
CORRELATIONAL STUDY OF DEATH ANXIETY GENERAL ANXIETY AND LOCUS OF CONTROL

It was hypothesized that an external locus of control would be correlated with both death anxiety and general anxiety and that the latter two variables would intercorrelate. A separate scale using a Likert-scale format and consisting of the Pt scale of the MMPI and items from a death attitude scale assessed general anxiety and death concern. Significant but small correlations obtained for each major hypothesis and sex and depressive-fear, age and locus of control, age and depressive-fear, birth rank and depressive-fear, and recency of contact with death and depressive-fear.
War in the information age: International law, self‐defense, and the problem of ‘non‐armed’ attacks

The end of the Cold War and the unprecedented pace of technological change have resulted in a plethora of non‐traditional threats to US national security. Indeed, the United States now faces some ‘non‐traditional’ military threats that may exploit its vulnerabilities as a nation whose domestic strength is founded on an information‐based economy. While international law supports the right of the United States to act, within limits, in self‐defense against deliberate, aggressive, hostile attacks; some would argue that ‘non‐armed’ assaults, such as some forms of information warfare, may not manifest themselves in such a way for a nation to claim the right of self‐defense. The work argues that international law and custom, suggest that the United States has the right to take action, even military action to defend itself against ‘non‐armed’ attacks and that attacks against the US National Information Infrastructure would require such a response. Specifically, the article addresses the question: under what cond...
Full open-framework batteries for stationary energy storage

New types of energy storage are needed in conjunction with the deployment of renewable energy sources and their integration with the electrical grid. We have recently introduced a family of cathodes involving the reversible insertion of cations into materials with the Prussian Blue open-framework crystal structure. Here we report a newly developed manganese hexacyanomanganate open-framework anode that has the same crystal structure. By combining it with the previously reported copper hexacyanoferrate cathode we demonstrate a safe, fast, inexpensive, long-cycle life aqueous electrolyte battery, which involves the insertion of sodium ions. This high rate, high efficiency cell shows a 96.7% round trip energy efficiency when cycled at a 5C rate and an 84.2% energy efficiency at a 50C rate. There is no measurable capacity loss after 1,000 deep-discharge cycles. Bulk quantities of the electrode materials can be produced by a room temperature chemical synthesis from earth-abundant precursors.
Analogs of the marine natural product scalaradial lacking the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde: effects on human synovial fluid phospholipase A2 and macrophage lipid mediator production

Abstract The role of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde in the inhibition of PLA2 by scalaradial was investigated by reduction to the triol and oxidation to the diacid. The results demonstrate that the reactivity of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde of scalaradial is not absolutely essential to its ability to inhibit PLA2 and lipid mediator production in the intact cell but adds significantly to its inhibitory potency.
Sector Switching from a Business to a Government Job: Fast‐Track Career or Fast Track to Nowhere?

This paper examines the career consequences for public managers of having had full-time private sector work experience. We find positive career outcomes for public managers with private sector experience: Individuals with such experience are more likely to have been recently promoted relative to peers and to supervise somewhat greater number of employees, especially if their most recent job was in the private sector. While experience in the private sector enhances such career outcomes, the length of such experience diminishes them. The authors conclude by identifying three career scenarios emerging from the models and discussing the managerial and theoretical implications of “sector-switching careers.”
Restricted generalized poisson regression model

The family of generalized Poisson distribution has been found useful in describing over-dispersed and under-dispersed count data. We propose the use of restricted generalized Poisson regression model to predict a response variable affected by one or more explanatory variables. Approximate tests for the adequacy of the model and the estimation of the parameters are considered. Restricted generalized Poisson regression model has been applied to an observed data set.
Low-level microwave irradiation attenuates naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats

Abstract The effect of microwave irradiation on naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome was studied in rats made morphine dependent by subcutaneous implantation of morphine pellets. Morphine-dependent rats were either exposed to pulsed low-level microwaves (2450 MHz, 1 mW/cm 2 , 500 pps, 2 μsec pulses) or sham-irradiated for 45 min before the naloxone injection. We found that microwave-exposed rats showed significantly less weg-dog shakes and had higher body temperature than the sham-exposed animals during withdrawal. There was no significant difference in the incident of diarrhea between the two groups of animals. These data further support the results of our previous research suggesting that pulsed low-level microwave irradiation activates endogenous opioids in the rat.
Role of mucosal T-cell-generated cytokines in epithelial cell injury.

While several factors contribute to the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the immune system mediates the tissue damage [1-8]. Two mechanisms of immune-mediated tissue injury which are not mutually exclusive appear likely in IBD: (1) direct autoimmune injury due to a breakdown in immunologic tolerance, or (2) nonspecific bystander injury due to a defect in mucosal immune regulation. Evidence reviewed elsewhere [1, 2] suggests the existence of humoral and cellular reactivity against intestinal epithelial cells in patients with IBD, but the significance of autoimmunity as a primary or secondary phenomenon is not clear. More likely, the damage occurs as an indirect innocent bystander. This hypothesis implies the existence of some defect in the regulation of mucosal immunity leading to an uncontrolled response to a variety of exogenous antigens (virus, bacteria, or protein). Such an event would lead to the generation of effector cells within the efferent mucosal compartment or lamina pro-
Histopathology of lecithodendriid trematode infections in stonefly naiads

Abstract Naiads of the perlid stonefly, Acroneuria carolinensis , were experimentally infected with two species of lecithodendriid trematode larvae, Cercaria stenodorya and Cercaria tremaglandis ; naiads of a perlodid stonefly tentatively identified as Isogenus hastatus were infected with C. stenodorya. C. stenodorya entered both host species through articulations or distal gill filaments in relatively large numbers and developed in A. carolinensis without encysting. Host response to this trematode was largely limited to repair of entry lesions, though some hemocyte accumulation and melanin deposition about unencysted larvae was noted in Isogenus. C. tremaglandis entered Acroneuria naiads in much smaller numbers, penetrating leg and body-segment articulations, and becoming encysted in the hemocoel and fat body within 24 hr. Both encysted and unencysted trematodes elicited a host response which consisted of focal hemocytic aggregates, encapsulation, and melanin deposition, and resulted in the death of some of the parasites. Light to moderate C. tremaglandis infections had little or no effect on the total hemocyte counts of A. carolinensis during the first 24 hr of infection. In all instances, damage to the plecopteran hosts was slight, and largely limited to trauma caused by entry and to displacement and lysis of fat body. There was no increase in host mortality.
Studies on the catalytic residues at the active site of human liver α-l-fucosidase

Abstract Kinetic studies and chemical modifications were performed on purified human liver α- l -fucosidase (α- l -fucoside fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.51) in an attempt to identify the catalytic residues at the active site. Plots of logVmax vs. pH (computer-fitted to a theoretical model) displayed two apparent pK values, of approx. 3.8 and 7.3. The temperature dependence of these pK values yielded heats of ionization of 3 and 0 kcal/mol from Van't Hoff plots for the lower and higher pK values, respectively. Reaction of α- l -fucosidase with l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and sodium p-(hydroxymercuri)benzoate resulted in complete inactivation of the enzyme. Other nonspecific inactivators had little or no effect on enzyme activity, These results suggest two carboxyl groups whose ionization state is important to activity, a non-active-site cysteine residue important to activity, and at least one active-site carboxyl group.
Chinese lingering, meditation's practice: reframing endurance art beyond resistance

This article explores the methodological possibilities of using meditation, breath, and affects to situate contemporary Chinese art, particularly Zhang Huan's 12 Square Meters and He Chengyao's 99 Needles. Through the haptic dimensions embedded within meditation, I complicate the oft-deployed frameworks of endurance art and conscious resistance applied to Chinese artists that “challenge” the state. I propose lingering as an alternative possibility for durational, time-based practices. Drawing from Henri Bergson's accounts of duration, lingering emphasizes indeterminate and slippery experiences within time that shift away from masculinist notions of linearity and intention. The indeterminacy and failures of lingering destabilize how Chinese artists are often understood as conscious, agentic actors who perform resistance through endurance. Lingering, self-practice, and meditation renegotiate and temper our normative and ableist understandings of agency, resistance, and consciousness. As such, this article c...
GaInP/AlGaInP strained quantum wells grown using atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract Single and multiple Ga 0.4 In 0.6 P/(Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 ) 0.5 In 0.5 P quantum wells (QWs) have been grown using atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. The Ga 0.4 In 0.6 P well layers are coherently strained to match the lattice parameter of the GaAs substrate. Transmission electron microscopy measurements indicate that the QW layers are uniform in thickness and the interface is abrupt and free of misfit dislocations and defects. An upshift in photoluminescence (PL) peak energy is observed as the thickness of the well layer decreases, due to carrier confinement in the QW. Higher order X-ray diffraction satellite peaks and a narrow PL halfwidth are observed in a 20 layer multiple quantum well sample, indicating that the strained QWs are of high quality and the composition and thickness are under precise control during the growth process. Considering the effect of strain on the heterojunction band offsets, the PL peak energy of the strained QW can be described by a simple theory as a function of the well width.
Digestion Residues of Typical and High-β-Glucan Oat Flours Provide Substrates for in Vitro Fermentation

In vitro fermentabilities of the oat flour digestion residues (ODR) from two commercial oat lines with 4.7 and 5.3% beta-glucan and from two high-beta-glucan experimental lines with 7.6 and 8.1% beta-glucan were evaluated and compared with fermentations of lactulose, purified oat beta-glucan (POBG), and purified oat starch (POS). Substrates were fermented by using an in vitro batch fermentation system under anaerobic conditions for 24 h. The progress of the fermentation was studied by following the change in pH of the fermentation medium, production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gases, and consumption of carbohydrates. The substrate from the flour with the greatest amount of beta-glucan tended to have the greatest pH decline and the greatest total SCFA production. A significant correlation occurred between gas production and SCFA formation (R 2 = 0.89-0.99). Acetate was produced in the greatest amounts by all of the substrates except POBG, by which butyrate was produced in the greatest amount. More propionate and butyrate, but less acetate, were produced from high-beta-glucan ODR. With the given fermentation conditions, >80% of the total carbohydrate was depleted by the bacteria after 24 h. Glucose was the most rapidly consumed carbohydrate among other available monosaccharides in the fermentation medium. Overall, the high-beta-glucan experimental lines provided the best conditions for optimal in vitro gut fermentations.
Efficient Analytical Interatomic Potential for Metal

A simple empirical embedded-atom potential that includes a long range force is developed for fcc metals. The potential parameters of this model are determined by fitting lattice constant, three elastic constants, cohesive energy, and vacancy formation energy using an optimization technique. Parameters for Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Ni, Pd, Pt have been obtained. The obtained parameters are used to calculate bulk modulus, divacancy formation energy, and melting point. The predicted values are in good agreement with experimental results. We also find that the predicted total energy as a function of lattice parameter is in good agreement with the equation of state of Rose et al.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
After-school activities, misbehavior in school, and delinquency from the end of elementary school through the beginning of high school: A test of social development model hypotheses

Annual survey data on 776 students from sixth through ninth grade were used to examine the relationships among after-school activities, misbehavior in school, and delinquency. The social development model hypothesizes that antisocial behavior in one developmental time period leads to less involvement in activities and interactions that have positive socializing influence in the next developmental time period. Although the overall correlations between structured activities and both misbehavior in school and delinquency did not indicate strong protective influences of structured activities, results of a cross-lagged model that adjusted for prior activity and behavior patterns provided support for the hypotheses. However, antisocial behavior did not predict involvement in activities across the middle school to high school transition. Consistent with routine activities theory, unstructured activity involvement and delinquent behavior in the first year of high school were positively correlated after adjusting ...
Synthesis of the Sulphonate and Phosphonate Derivatives ofMercaptoacetyltriglycine. X-Ray Crystal Structure of Na2[ReO(Mercaptoacetylglycylglycylaminomethanesulphonate)]·3H2O

Mercaptoacetyltriglycine forms complexes with R186/188e and T99mc radionuclides that are useful in nuclear medicine because they are substrates of the renal anion transport system. However, the renal clearance of [MO(MAG3)]2- (MAG3 = penta-anionic form of mercaptoacetyltriglycine, M = Re, Tc) complexes are less than ideal. Organic sulphonates are also transported by the renal anion transport system and phosphonates are similar to sulphonates in size and shape. In an effort to develop new ligands that form Re and Tc complexes and have improved renal clearances compared to [MO(MAG3)]2- complexes, the sulphonate and phosphonate derivatives of mercaptoacetyltriglycine were synthesized. The dianion [ReO(MAG2-AMS)]2- (MAG2-AMS = penta-anionic form of mercaptoacetylglycylglycylaminomethanesulphonic acid) was prepared for characterization by exchange reaction of ReOCl3(Me2S)(OPPh3) and isolated as the disodium salt. The structure of Na2[ReO(MAG2-AMS)]·3H2O (6) was determined by X-ray diffraction. The coordination geometry is pseudo square pyramidal, with the nitrogen and sulfur donor atoms forming a square base and the oxo ligand at the apex. The deprotonated sulphonate group has a syn conformation with respect to the oxo ligand. The renal clearances of [T99mcO(MAG2-AMS)]2- and [T99mcO(MAG2-AMP)]3- were similar in rats and suggest that the difference in total charge between the SO3- and PO32- groups is not important to renal clearance. However, their renal clearances were 40-50% less than that of [T99mcO(MAG3)]2- suggesting that the size and shape of the large tetrahedral SO3- and PO32- groups of [T99mcO(MAG2-AMS)]2- and [T99mcO(MAG2-AMP)]3- inhibit recognition by the renal transport system compared to the small planar CO2- group of [T99mcO(MAG3)]2-.
TCT-379 Feasibility of Endomyocardial Imaging Using Optical Coherence Tomography For the Diagnosis of Myocardial Disease

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging modality that can provide cellular resolution structural information from biological tissue. Recent advances in OCT technology have demonstrated the clinical utility of this modality for the diagnosis of disease in various organs, most
Heterogeneity in distribution of cardiac glycogen following isoproterenol infusions in the dog.

A combined biochemical, histochemical and cytochemical study was made of cardiac glycogen distribution following intravenous infusions of varying doses of isoproterenol in anaesthetized, open-chested dogs. There was a dose-dependent decrease in glycogen levels in biopsies of the posterolateral wall of the left ventricle which also exhibited a transmural gradient with the endocardial third the most severely affected. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) histochemical studies also suggested a transmural gradient. There was, however, a marked variability within each layer, particularly the large amounts in the conduction system fibres. The ultrastructural studies exhibited a marked variation in glycogen content from one cell to the next. This was particularly evident in the complete absence of granules in the contraction band lesions of isoproterenol cardiotoxicity yet substantial amounts were retained in neighbouring cells. Isoproterenol, therefore, produces a heterogenous depletion of cardiac glycogen related to the scattered catecholamine-induced myocardial cellular lesions. These relationships have not previously been documented or emphasized.
Price of materials and collection development in larger public libraries

Questionnaires were sent to public library systems in the 200 largest cities in the United States to learn more about the role of price in the selection of materials. A 34 percent response rate yielded 67 usable responses. When ranked on a scale from 1 to 7, with 7 being least important, list price had a median ranking of 5, while likely community demand was ranked 1. When faced with price increases, these collection developers tended to select fewer duplicates, fewer periodical and annual publications, and fewer nonbook items. About 26 percent of those responding had adopted an informal or formal price ceiling for selections. About 66 percent of these librarians were likely be more price conscious when selecting nonbook items. Price ceilings for categories and formats are discussed.
Workshop on cracks in rocks

The workshop focused on the modeling of physical properties of rocks in terms of the theory of composites, with the direct observation of cracks and voids, and with the estimation of the distributions of certain crack properties. Voids in rocks can be separated into 2 groups: first group which consists of cavities and crack systems characterized by a relatively high aspect ratio (alpha, the thickness to diameter ratio of the cavity or crack (greater than or equal to 0.1) and a second class characterized by true cracks with aspect ratio alpha less than or equal to 10 to the power -3. Research is reported in which sectioned rocks were subjected to uniaxial compressive stress to observe the onset of dilatancy. A refined observational method whereby 100 mu thin sections yield 3-dimensional images of cracks under the electron microscope as described, as well as indirect methods of observation which yield crack distributions. The use of surface conductivity as a tool for the study of microcracks is outlined, and work concerned with the spatial orientation of cracks as demonstrated by the effect of polarization direction on the seismic velocity in laboratory samples of dilatant rock. Details are given of research on the effects of dry and saturated dilatant cracks on the elastic and seismic properties of flawed bodies; and of research which determined the effects of flat cracks on the electrical conductivity of a solid. Theoretical work on dilatant rock behavior is briefly reviewed, and the development of theory applicable to pores and cracks is discussed. Other research briefly reported here covers work on the effects of temperature and pressure on various material properties of rocks, the behavior of fissured rock, the localization of deformation, and computer modeling to determine the strength of cracked rocks.
Geochemistry of metal-rich brines from central Mississippi Salt Dome basin, U.S.A.

Abstract Oil-field brines are the most favored ore-forming solutions for the sediment-hosted Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits. Detailed inorganic and organic chemical and isotope analyses of water and gas samples from six oil fields in central Mississippi, one of the very few areas with high metal brines, were conducted to study the inorganic and organic complexes responsible for the high concentrations of these metals. The samples were obtained from production zones consisting of sandstone and limestone that range in depth from 1900 to 4000 m (70–120°C) and in age from Late Cretaceous to Late Jurassic. Results show that the waters are dominantly bittern brines related to the Louann Salt. The brines have extremely high salinities that range from 160,000 to 320,000 mg/l total dissolved solids and are Na Ca Cl-type waters with very high concentrations of Ca (up to 48,000 mg/l) and other alkaline-earth metals, but with low concentrations of aliphatic acid anions. The concentrations of metals in many water samples are very high, reaching values of 70 mg/l for Pb, 245 mg/l for Zn, 465 mg/l for Fe and 210 mg/l for Mn. The samples with high metal contents have extremely low concentrations ( 2 S. Samples obtained from the Smackover Formation (limestone) have low metal contents that are more typical of oil-field waters, but have very high concentrations (up to 85 mg/l) of H 2 S. Computations with the geochemical code SOLMINEQ.87 give the following results: (1) both Pb and Zn are present predominantly as aqueous chloride complexes (mainly as PbCl 4 2− and ZnCl 4 2− , respectively); (2) the concentrations of metals complexed with short-chained aliphatic acid anions and reduced S species are minor; (3) organic acid anions are important in controlling the concentrations of metals because they affect the pH and buffer capacity of the waters at subsurface conditions; and (4) galena and sphalerite solubilities control the concentrations of Pb and Zn in these waters.
Nonlinear Elimination of Methyprylon (Noludar) in an Overdosed Patient: Correlation of Clinical Effects with Plasma Concentration

Abstract This is a report of the pharmacokinetics of methyprylon and its major plasma metabolite, 5-methylpyrithyldione, in an overdosed patient using a reversed-phase HPLC assay. The decline in the concentration of plasma methyprylon was nonlinear between 66 and 30 μ g/mL and linear at concentrations μ g/mL, with an apparent half-life of 4.4 h. The concentration of 5-methylpyrithyldione reached a maximum of 17 μ g/mL ~ 13 h after admission and declined with a half-life of 8 h. Treatment of the patient was conservative, consisting of gastric lavage and supportive therapy. The patient regained consciousness when the methyprylon concentration fell below 43 μ g/mL, and recovered from the overdose within 24 h. These results indicate that the pharmacokinetics of methyprylon are nonlinear (concentration dependent) in this overdosed patient; explanations include saturation of one or more of the metabolic pathways and/or product inhibition. The 4-h half-life of methyprylon, generally accepted for a therapeutic dose of 300 mg, is not appropriate in intoxicated patients and would greatly underestimate the time required to reach a safe therapeutic concentration of the drug.
Genetically Determined Proteolytic Cleavage Modulates α7β1 Integrin Function

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and the α7β1 integrin are trans-sarcolemmal linkage systems that connect and transduce contractile forces between muscle fibers and the extracellular matrix. α7β1 is the major laminin binding integrin in skeletal muscle. Different functional variants of this integrin are generated by alternative splicing and post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and ADP-ribosylation. Here we report a species-specific difference in α7 chains that results from an intra-peptide proteolytic cleavage, by a serine protease, at the 603RRQ605 site. Site-directed mutagenesis of RRQ to GRQ prevents this cleavage. This RRQ sequence in the α7 integrin chain is highly conserved among vertebrates but it is absent in mice. Protein structure modeling indicates this cleavage site is located in an open region between the β-propeller and thigh domains of the α7 chain. Compared with the non-cleavable α7 chain, the cleaved form enhances cell adhesion and spreading on laminin. Cleavage of the α7 chain is elevated upon myogenic differentiation, and this cleavage may be mediated by urokinase-type plasminogen activator. These results suggest proteolytic cleavage is a novel mechanism that regulates α7 integrin functions in skeletal muscle, and that the generation of such cleavage sites is another evolutionary mechanism for expanding and modifying protein functions.