cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Generalized Additive Models for Diagnosing Abnormal Energy Use in Buildings

Buildings consume 40% of the energy in industrialized countries. Thus detecting and diagnosing anomalies in the building's energy use is an important problem. The existing approaches either retrieve limited information about the anomaly causes, or are difficult to adapt to different buildings. This paper presents an easily adaptable diagnosis approach that exploits the building's hierarchy of submeters, i. e. information on how much energy is used by the different building equipments. It computes novel diagnosis results consisting of two parts: (i) the extent to which building equipments cause abnormal energy use, and (ii) the extent to which internal and external factors determine the energy use of building equipments. Computing such diagnosis results requires an approach that can predict the energy use for the different submeters and that can also determine the factors that influence the energy use. However, existing building approaches do not meet these requirements. As a remedy, we propose a novel approach using the generalized additive model (GAM), which incorporates various exogenous variables affecting building energy use, such as weather conditions and time of the day. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently model the impact of different factors and diagnose the causes of anomalies.
A method for describing biofilm surface roughness using geostatistical techniques

Biofilm reactors, such as rotating biological contactors (RBCs) and trickling filters, have been used to treat both municipal and industrial waste streams. One fundamental property of biofilms which may affect their performance is surface roughness, or the magnitude of variability in height over the structure9s profile. This property has an effect on the rate of diffusion of nutrients into the biofilm for degradation through its influence on the thickness of the concentration boundary layer. The method presented here to quantify the surface characteristics of a biofilm involves the in situ analysis of biofilm surface profile data collected at discrete points. For each point, a microprobe is lowered from some datum above the surface, and the distance down to the biofilm surface is measured at that point. Statistical analysis performed on the data set produces the correlation coefficient between heights on the biofilm surface at various separation intervals. A graph relating the correlation coefficient to the separation interval between heights is constructed from many points to determine the length over which points with low correlation can be collected. A set of nearly independent height data collected at that length interval is then analyzed for mean and standard deviation. The resulting statistics are characteristic of the magnitude of the variability between independent heights on the surface profile, and can be used to compare and contrast the roughness of biofilm surfaces. This method was used to define the roughness of artificial and real biofilm surfaces. Artificial biofilms, which were made from agar roughed with sand paper of varying grit size, were found to have distinct and consistent roughness, as determined by this method. It was useful to compare the standard deviation (roughness) of real biofilms to these values, because the roughness of sand paper is easily observable, and standardized.
A Postpartum Pertussis Vaccination Program: A Celebration of the Baystate Experience

Childbearing Poster Presentation starting the intravenous line, and monitoring the fetal heart tones. The outcome of this project shows that the surgical site infection rate after cesarean dropped from 2.6% to 1.5% during the quarter in which the project was implemented. Because of the reduced infection rate, costs are reduced for patient readmissions to the hospital and repeat visits to a physician’s office for surgical site care. Implications for Nursing Practice Implications for nursing practice involve a onestep preoperational warming process that takes place during the preoperative period with a forced air warmer for scheduled cesareans. This practice takes place during the time the nurse is doing other tasks to prepare the patient for surgery. On admission to the PACU, fewer nursing interventions are required to treat hypothermia after the surgery.
Na+ transport in cardiac myocytes; Implications for excitation-contraction coupling.

Intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) is very important in modulating the contractile and electrical activity of the heart. Upon electrical excitation of the myocardium, voltage-dependent Na+ channels open, triggering the upstroke of the action potential (AP). During the AP, Ca2+ enters the myocytes via L-type Ca2+ channels. This triggers Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and thus activates contraction. Relaxation occurs when cytosolic Ca2+ declines, mainly due to re-uptake into the SR via SR Ca2+-ATPase and extrusion from the cell via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). NCX extrudes one Ca2+ ion in exchange for three Na+ ions and its activity is critically regulated by [Na+]i. Thus, via NCX, [Na+]i is centrally involved in the regulation of intracellular [Ca2+] and contractility. Na+ brought in by Na+ channels, NCX and other Na+ entry pathways is extruded by the Na+/K+ pump (NKA) to keep [Na+]i low. NKA is regulated by phospholemman, a small sarcolemmal protein that associates with NKA. Unphosphorylated phospholemman inhibits NKA by decreasing the pump affinity for internal Na+ and this inhibition is relieved upon phosphorylation. Here we discuss the main characteristics of the Na+ transport pathways in cardiac myocytes and their physiological and pathophysiological relevance. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(3): 215–221, 2009
Inhibitory effects of calcium antagonists on alpha‐adrenoceptor‐ mediated contraction in the human internal mammary artery.

Abstract 1. The internal mammary artery has become a preferred coronary bypass graft. Sympathomimetic amines are spasmogens for vasospasm and calcium antagonists are frequently administered drugs perioperatively. The effect of calcium antagonists on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction depends on the subtype of alpha-adrenoceptor and the type of origin of vascular smooth muscle. This study was designed to investigate the effect of calcium antagonists on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in the IMA. 2. Human IMA segments taken from 22 patients undergoing IMA--coronary artery bypass grafting were mounted in an organ bath under the physiological pressure determined from their own length-tension curves. 3. Three ring segments were allocated into three groups. One served as a control and the others were treated with clinically related concentrations of nifedipine (20 or 200 nM) for 25 min before concentration-contraction curves to alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine (MO) or full alpha-adrenoceptor agonist noradrenaline (NA) were established. 4. In separate experiments, the concentration-relaxation curves to nifedipine were established in the IMA rings precontracted with MO (30 microM) or NA (10 microM). Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 3 microM) was added to further relax the vessels. 5. Pretreatment with nifedipine (200 nM) only slightly inhibited the MO- (1.74 +/- 0.32 vs 2.88 +/- 0.56 g) or NA- (2.43 +/- 0.66 vs 3.60 +/- 0.82 g) induced contraction without statistical significance (P > 0.05). 6. On the other hand, nifedipine only caused 34.49% relaxation in the MO-precontracted and 24.39% relaxation in the NA-precontracted IMAs. In contrast, GTN caused 76.16% (against MO, P < 0.05) or 92.22% (against NA, P < 0.0001) relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Illinois Firefighter Line of Duty Deaths Digital Image Collection Database: A Knowledge Management Initiative

“IFLODD: The Illinois Firefighter Line of Duty Deaths Digital Image Collection Database” is a knowledge management initiative at the Illinois Fire Service Institute (IFSI) Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It collects and provides Internet access to a multi-dimensional dataset of photographs and fire department records that document Illinois firefighters who died in the line of duty. This paper discusses the development, maintenance, and management of IFLODD through grant funding, in-house administrative support, and community partnership. It also describes how IFLODD contributes to IFSI’s teaching, training, and research efforts and how it has been recognized in the fire service and Library and Information Science communities.
The effects of authorship, topic, structure, and time of composition on letter redundancy in English texts

Previous studies of letter redundancy in English texts showed differences which, because of nonsystematic sampling, could be regarded only as error variance. In this study thirty-nine 2528-character samples from English translations of 9 Greek texts were selected to permit controlled analyses of authorship, topic, structure, and time-of-composition factors. Letter redundancy was found to covary with all 4 factors. Authorship and topic differences are of ideographic interest; they may also represent control problems in information-theory-based studies of verbal behavior. The structural analysis showed that prose texts are more redundant than verse texts; this finding has implications for the study of special structural constraints (e.g., telegraph English, aircraft-control English). Translations of the same text from the 14th, 16th, and 20th centuries showed that English letter redundancy is decreasing, as Zipf's “principle of least effort” (1949) would predict.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency with Absence of Peripheral Blood CD8+ T Cells Due to ZAP-70 Deficiency

During ontogeny, T lymphocytes are selected for CD4 or CD8 expression in part by their ability to signal properly through the TCR. Transmission of such signals requires the activation of specific cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) which lead to T-cell activation through poorly understood mechanisms. Recently, mutations in one such PTK, called ZAP-70, have been shown to be responsible for a rare, autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in humans. This distinctive SCID syndrome is characterized by the selective absence of peripheral CD8+ T cells and by abundant circulating CD4+ T cells that fail to respond to TCR-mediated stimuli in vitro. In this report, we describe in detail the clinical and laboratory findings in one patient with ZAP-70 deficiency and discuss the insights provided by this disorder into the pathways of TCR signal transduction and T-cell development.
Analysis of a sampled data system for the optimal digitizing of analog filters

The paper develops the analytical foundation for two IIR filter design methods that have been previously conceived as numerical algorithms for the approximation of analog filters: the extended window digitizing (EWD) method and the matched-pole (MP) frequency sampling design. The derivation of the EWD equations is based on a sampled data system representation, and provides a rigorous foundation for the MP method. Also, an original analysis of a previously proposed optimization process is done by using the equations developed for the sampled data system.
Kainic acid induction of mossy fiber sprouting: dependence on mouse strain.

After seizures caused by kindling or kainic acid (KA), hippocampal granule-cell axons, the mossy fibers, sprout into the supragranular layer of the rat. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive, but excitotoxic loss of hilar cells, which project to this supragranular layer, is suspected to be a critical determinant. Consistent with this hypothesis, we previously reported that while rats show mossy fiber sprouting after kainate, ICR mice do not. This may be associated with the observation that ICR mice, unlike rats, do not appear to show hilar cell death after KA (McNamara et al., Mol Brain Res 1996;40:177–187). Other strains of mice, however, such as 129/SvEMS, do show hilar cell death after KA (Schauwecker and Steward, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:4103–4108). We examined the possibility that the 129/SvEMS mouse strain would show granule-cell sprouting, in contrast to ICR mice. After administration of KA, mossy fiber sprouting was indeed observed in strain 129/SvEMS, but only in animals displaying evident hilar cell death. In contrast, neither hilar cell death nor mossy fiber sprouting was observed in ICR mice, confirming previous results. Both mouse strains demonstrated comparable behavioral seizures. These results strengthen the view that hilar cell death, together with epileptogenesis, triggers reactive synaptogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting. Hippocampus 10:269–273, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Recent discoveries in the search for non‐opiate analgetics

A novel phenanthridine, nantradol (1), resulted from a search to dissect out analgetic activity from the cannabinoid molecule. Nantradol possesses two to seven times greater potency than morphine across a battery of analgetic tests. Despite this morphine-like profile, nantradol does not bind to the opiate receptor. Nantradol has a total of five asymmetric centers and was studied as a 50:50 mixture of two diastereomers, both of which possess the trans 6a, 10a stereochemistry and have β-oriented substituents at positions 6 and 9. Evidence is provided that, in common with the opiates, the analgetic actions of nantradol are stereospecific, the majority of the activity residing in a single levorotatory isomer. The stereospecificity and potency of the analetic effects of the nantradol series suggests a highly specific interaction at an as yet unidentified receptor.
A comparison of paternal behaviour in the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus, the pine vole M. pinetorum and the prairie vole M. cchrogaster

Paternal care in microtines has been studied infrequently and few studies have compared patterns of direct and indirect paternal investment. The paternal behaviour of three vole species, the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), the pine vole (M. pinetorum) and the prairie vole (M. ochrogaster) was examined in a semi-natural setting. Prairie and pine voles were found to exhibit high levels of paternal care. Prairie vole males contributed the most direct care by remaining in the natal nest for long periods of time in contact with the pups. Pine voles contributed less direct care than prairie voles as they spent less time in the natal nest with their offspring. In addition, both prairie and pine vole males were observed to groom their pups and retrieve them back to the nest area. Prairie vole males also engaged in such indirect forms of care as nest construction and maintenance, while pine voles provided indirect care in the form of tunnel construction and food caching. Meadow vole males were the least paternal of the three species and rarely engaged in either direct or indirect care. These findings support predictions that M. pennsylvanicus is promiscuous and that male and female meadow voles occupy separate territories. They are also consistent with studies which indicate that prairie and pine voles are monogamous and have a structured social organization with members interacting closely with one another.
codeswitching and consciousness in the European periphery

This paper argues that the linguistic practices of bilingual ethnic groups reveal diverse forms of consciousness: they are symbolic responses to the ways in which the ethnic communities are differentially situated within regions of the world capitalist system. The analysis of codeswitching patterns in three European minorities (Italians in West Germany, Hungarians in Austria, and Germans in Romania) builds on current models of universals in language use, then goes on to develop another comparative strategy. It interprets the differences in codeswitching practices as diverse forms of resistance to symbolic domination within a historical and political-economic context. [sociolinguistics, political economy, codeswitching, Europe]
In vitro effect of liposome-incorporated valinomycin on growth and macromolecular synthesis of normal and ras-transformed 3T3 cells.

Valinomycin is a depsipeptide antibiotic that selectively translocates potassium ion across biologic membranes. This drug has been reported to display antitumor effects, but its use has been limited by its extreme toxicity. However, its incorporation into lipid vesicles (liposomes) has resulted in a reduction in toxicity and in the enhancement of the drug's therapeutic index [4]. As a preliminary investigation of the mechanistic basis for this enhancement, the in vitro response of normal 3T3 and ras-transformed cells to free (VM) and liposomal valinomycin (VM-MLV) was examined. The incorporation of [3H]-leucine and [methyl-3H]-thymidine was used to assess macromolecular synthesis, and the MTT vital dye assay was used to measure cell survival and growth. Pretreatment of exponentially growing NIH/3T3 cells with 20 nM VM for 1 h decreased [3H]-leucine and [methyl-3H]-thymidine incorporation by 90% and 80%, respectively. However, Ha-ras 3T3 cells showed resistance to VM treatment with inhibitory doses in the range of 200 nM. At equimolar VM concentrations, VM-MLV was found to be less inhibitory than VM for protein and DNA synthesis. Specifically, marked protective activity was apparent with normal 3T3 cells. In this report we also demonstrate that VM selectively killed normal cells compared with ras-transformed cells grown in vitro. However, VM-MLV displayed a modest cytotoxic selectivity (3- to 4-fold) to ras-transformed cells. Our data suggests that first, there is good correlation between growth inhibition and inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis by VM, and second, VM-MLV exhibits a modest, selective toxicity to the ras-transformed 3T3 cell lines as compared with nontransformed 3T3 cells, whereas free VM has the opposite selectivity.
Specialty Soybean Test—South

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the experimental food-type soybean lines adapted to southern Iowa. The 2000 Specialty Test included commodity yellow hilum, large-seeded high protein, small-seeded, and lipoxygenase free experimental lines, and for comparison of agronomic traits, commercially grown varieties released by Iowa State University. Largeseeded, large-seeded high protein, small-seeded, and lipoxygenase free soybean varieties grown in Iowa are used to fill a niche in the food-bean market. These soybeans are mainly exported to Japan. Large-seeded soybeans are used in the production of miso and are consumed as a vegetable. Large-seeded high protein soybeans are used for tofu production. Small-seeded soybeans are used to create natto. Lipoxygenase free soybeans have less of the “beany” flavor associated with conventional varieties. This flavor trait is desirable in producing soy-based foods like soy milk.
Whispering gallery mode resonators augmented with engraved diffraction gratings

We report the demonstration of whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators augmented with diffraction gratings. We apply focused ion beam (FIB) methods to precisely engrave a surface grating directly into the perimeter of a crystalline disc. The grating provides a simple and highly directional free-space coupling mechanism with superior stability to evanescent coupling techniques. These integrated gratings can also provide control of the resonance spectrum, significantly reducing the mode density. Our FIB fabrication process does not introduce significant loss; Q≃3×107 has been demonstrated. The wavelength dependence of the diffraction angle was found to be in excellent agreement with grating theory. The versatility of spectral control and far-field grating coupling will have significant impact in WGM resonator applications in lasers, sensors, and optoelectronics.
The role of near-surface dislocations in the high magnetic field performance of superconducting niobium cavities

Quantitative analysis of the near-surface dislocation content performed using electron backscattered diffraction for samples cut from niobium cavities limited by the 'high field Q-slope' effect show a high dislocation content, as well as a pronounced change in the near-surface dislocation content caused by the 100–120 °C annealing when such annealing has a healing effect on the high field Q-slope. We propose a model for the sharp degradation of the cavity Q at high field for niobium cavities based on dislocation-assisted magnetic flux entry at surface magnetic fields lower than those expected for ideal niobium. It is proposed that the elimination of the high field Q-slope by 100–120 °C annealing is caused by vacancy-assisted dislocation climb in the near-surface region.
Evaluating the unique effects of cognitive ability and parental socioeconomic status on adult dietary behaviors and receipt of preventive health services

Abstract Some research has shown that both cognitive ability and parental socioeconomic status (parental SES) predict dietary behaviors and receipt of preventive health services later in life. However, previous research has not attempted to disentangle these effects while also examining important mediators such as education level and income. Based on a sample of 4078 individuals drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we examined the unique effects of g and parental SES on adult dietary behaviors and receipt of preventive health services. Overall, the results suggest that there is essentially little direct unique effect of cognitive ability or parental SES on adult dietary behaviors and receipt of preventive health services. However, the total effects of cognitive ability and parental SES on adult dietary behaviors and receipt of preventive health services showed that higher levels of cognitive ability and parental SES were associated with healthier dietary habits and receipt of health services due to their effects on educational attainment and adult income. The findings may have implications for health education materials and access to healthcare.
The Toll of Too Much TLR7

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) detects viral RNA, but can be activated inappropriately by self-RNA, leading to autoimmunity. Deane et al. (2007) show that Tlr7 gene dosage is directly related to the risk of lupus in a mouse model.
Body size, body composition, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in NFL players.

AbstractAims: We characterized the size of active National Football League (NFL) players by multiple criteria and analyzed their relation to traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with the objective of further clarifying the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in different player positions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in professional athletic training facilities. The participants were 504 active veteran players from a convenience sample of 12 NFL teams, grouped as interior linemen (IL) or all others (AO). Comparisons were made between the NFL groups and an age-equivalent general population database. Results: The IL group was significantly larger than AO by all size measures. Both groups were significantly larger than the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) group. Mean percent body fat measurements in AO (mean, 13.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.9%–14%) and IL (mean, 25.2%; 95% CI, 24.4%–26%) groups were lower than estimates for the gene...
A BEHAVIORAL CLASSIFICATION OF WELFARE CHILDREN FROM SURVEY DATA

From survey data on 1000 urban Welfare AFDC children aged six to eighteen, a hierarchical cluster analysis yielded six distinct behavioral types of Welfare children. Characteristics of each type, and its relationship to treatment, ethnicity, and other variables are discussed. Advantages of this system of behavioral classification for research and population assessment are outlined.
Genetic variation in North Amerindian populations: The geography of gene frequencies

Ten-level synthetic gene frequency maps derived from a principal component analysis of seven polymorphic loci are displayed for a large sample of North Amerindian populations. These maps are useful for assessing population affinities over broad geographical regions and perhaps, as others have argued, for inferring recent migrations. The influence of European admixture is investigated by deleting highly admixed populations and regenerating the maps. In broad outline the resultant geographic patterning, while appearing more homogeneous, preserves many features of the maps that include the highly admixed samples—especially with respect to the Eskimo/non-Eskimo dichotomy. Further, in an effort to evaluate how varying the number of display levels affects patterning as well as interpretation, the maps were replotted at 5 and 20 levels. The 5-level maps are found to accentuate differences between the full data set and the less admixed data set, while the 20-level maps tend to obscure these differences.
Almost all reductions modulo p of an elliptic curve have a large exponent

Abstract Let E be an elliptic curve defined over Q . Suppose that f(x) is any positive function tending to infinity with x. It is shown (under GRH) that for almost all p, the group of F p -points of the reduction of E mod p contains a cyclic group of order at least p/f(p). To cite this article: W. Duke, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).
Adult living donor transplants--which portion of the liver to use?

Hypothesis: Few studies have investigated the results of research focused on living donor adult liver transplantation. Different characteristics between right- and left-lobe grafts have not yet been clarified in living-donor adult liver transplantation. Left-lobe grafts remain an important option, even in adult recipients. Setting: A single liver transplant center with a long history of hepatic resection. Patients: Forty-five donors received left-lobe (n = 39) and right-lobe (n = 6) grafts. The clinicopathologic data for the donor, graft, and recipient were compared. All left-lobe grafts were extended grafts that included the middle hepatic vein, and 24 of the 39 left-lobe grafts included the left caudate lobe. No right-lobe graft included a middle hepatic vein. Results: The postoperative aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin values of the donor in the right-lobe graft group were higher, and the postoperative hospital stay was longer than in the left-lobe graft group. Graft weight in the left-lobe graft group was lighter than in the right-lobe graft group (median weight, 450 vs 675 g). The median graft weight divided by the standard liver volume in the left-lobe graft group was 41% (range, 21%-66%), compared with 52% (range, 47%-75%) in the right-lobe graft group. We found no difference in terms of the incidence of postoperative complications between groups. No difference in induced complications of small-for-size grafts such as intractable ascites and persistent hyperbilirubinemia was evident between groups. The survival rate for grafts at 18 months was 75.0% in the right-lobe graft group compared with 85.6% in the left-lobe group. In the right-lobe graft group, we found a few cases in which a marked poor-perfusion area in the anterior segment caused liver dysfunction. Conclusions: Left-lobe grafts are a feasible option for living-donor adult liver transplantation, and in the case of right-lobe grafts, hepatic venous drainage is one of the most critical problems.
Analysis of thermal stabilizing interactions in mesophilic and thermophilic adenylate kinases from the genus Methanococcus.

Adenylate kinases (ADKs) from four closely related methanogenic members of the Archaea (the mesophileMethanococcus voltae (MVO), the thermopileMethanococcus thermolithotrophicus (MTH), and the extreme thermopiles Methanococcus igneus (MIG) andMethanococcus jannaschii (MJA)) were characterized for their resistance to thermal denaturation. Despite possessing between 68 and 81% sequence identity, the methanococcal ADKs significantly differed in their stability against thermal denaturation, with melting points ranging from 69 to 103 °C. The high sequence identity between these organisms allowed regions of the MVO and MJA ADKs to be exchanged, producing chimeric ADKs with significantly altered thermal stability. Up to a 20 °C increase or decrease in stability was achieved for chimeric ADKs, whereas 88% of the original protein sequence was maintained. Based on our previous structural modeling studies, we conclude that cooperative interactions within the hydrophobic protein core play an integral role in determining the differences in structural stability observed between the methanococcal ADKs. From comparisons of the effects of temperature on protein unfolding and optimal enzymatic activity, we also conclude that thermostability and enzymatic temperature optima are influenced differently by molecular modifications and thus that the protein flexibility required for activity and stability, respectively, is not unconditionally linked within the methanococcal ADKs.
Harderian gland: influence on pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity in neonatal rats

A circadian rhythm has been found in hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity of the pineal gland of blinded 12-day-old rats. Five additional hours of lighting can partly prevent the nocturnal increase in pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity in such rats. Removal of the Harderian gland abolishes this response to light in 12-day-old blinded animals, giving further support to the suggestion that this gland may function as an extraretinal photosensitive organ influencing the pineal gland in blinded suckling rats.
Effects of distal cement voids on cement stress in total hip arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to determine whether voids in the distal cement mantle created during total hip arthroplasty increase cement stress at the distal tip of the femoral component. Using a three-dimensional finite element model of an idealized, cylindrical femoral shaft with implanted prosthesis, peak von Mises stress in the cement mantle was evaluated for five different air-bubble configurations and two cement mantle thicknesses, 2 mm and 5 mm. Results indicated that voids in the cement mantle increased peak cement stress at the medial tip of the prosthesis by 2% to 57%, with greater increases in stress being evident with larger bubble sizes. On the average, peak stresses were 53% greater in the models with the thinner cement mantle. Clinicians are encouraged to use a thicker cement mantle and to avoid bubble formation during total hip arthroplasty.
Historical data enhances safety supervision system performance in T1DM insulin therapy risk management

Safety measures to prevent or mitigate hypoglycemia are an important component of open loop, closed loop, and advisory mode insulin therapy control settings in type 1 diabetes. In recent work, we introduce a method for the automatic, gradual attenuation of the insulin pump delivery rate when a risk of hypoglycemia is detected, a method that we refer to as brakes. In the methods presented here, we demonstrate the use of historical glucose measurement data to inform and enhance the ability of the brakes to prevent hypoglycemia in real-time. The updated brakes are based on a patient-specific, time-varying model that reflects the typical trajectory of glycemic fluctuations throughout the day. Historical heightened risk of hypoglycemia throughout the day prompts an increase in the aggressiveness of insulin attenuation as compared to the original brakes that are based on real-time data alone. Through the use of available real-time data supplemented with historical glucose information to assess hypoglycemic risk, we are able to better anticipate and prevent hypoglycemia.
Comparative biochemical studies of milks—III. Immunoelectrophoretic comparisons of milk proteins of the artiodactyla☆

Abstract 1. 1. Milk proteins from nineteen species of artiodactyls and from five other species have been examined immunoelectrophoretically versus rabbit antisera for milk proteins from Bos taurus. 2. 2. Milks of ruminants gave positive reactions to anti-cow β-lactoglobulin and anti-cow α-lactalbumin sera. Milks from non-ruminant artiodactyls and from perissodactyls, rodents, lagomorphs and primates did not react with these antisera. 3. 3. Milk proteins from both ruminant and non-ruminant species reacted with anti-cow serum albumin and anti-cow casein sera.
The Poor Vs. the Non-poor: an Ethnic and Metropolitan-Nonmetropolitan Comparison

Indicators of 29 of Oscar Lewis' poverty traits were examined to see if poor and non poor families differed significantly in frequency of demonstrating the traits. Families representing six ethnic/residence population types were considered: metropolitan white, nonmetropolitan white, metropolitan, black, nonmetropolitan black, metropolitan Spanish speaking, and nonmetropolitan Spanish-speaking. Of the 29 traits investigated, for 24 traits a significant difference was found between poor and non-poor in at least one ethnic/residence group. Significant differences between poor and non-poor in the two Spanish-speaking groups existed on considerably fewer traits than in the case of the two black or the two white groups, suggesting that the traits examined may be more broadly based in Spanish culture.
Solution Structure of the Chick TGFβ Type II Receptor Ligand-binding Domain

Abstract The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway influences cell proliferation, immune responses, and extracellular matrix reorganization throughout the vertebrate life cycle. The signaling cascade is initiated by ligand-binding to its cognate type II receptor. Here, we present the structure of the chick type II TGFβ receptor determined by solution NMR methods. Distance and angular constraints were derived from 15N and 13C edited NMR experiments. Torsion angle dynamics was used throughout the structure calculations and refinement. The 20 final structures were energy minimized using the generalized Born solvent model. For these 20 structures, the average backbone root-mean-square distance from the average structure is below 0.6 A. The overall fold of this 109-residue domain is conserved within the superfamily of these receptors. Chick receptors fully recognize and respond to human TGFβ ligands despite only 60% identity at the sequence level. Comparison with the human TGFβ receptor determined by X-ray crystallography reveals different conformations in several regions. Sequence divergence and crystal packing interactions under low pH conditions are likely causes. This solution structure identifies regions were structural changes, however subtle, may occur upon ligand-binding. We also identified two very well conserved molecular surfaces. One was found to bind ligand in the crystallized human TGFβ3:TGFβ type II receptor complex. The other, newly identified area can be the interaction site with type I and/or type III receptors of the TGFβ signaling complex.
Beyond deployments and testbeds: experiences with public usage on vehicular WiFi hotspots

We describe our experiences with deploying a vehicular Internet access service on public transit buses. Our system, called WiRover, has been running on these buses since April 2010 for about 18 months till date providing a WiFi hotspot to which bus passengers can connect. As of Dec. 1, 2011 we have observed 17,567 unique client devices connect to the WiRover system. These devices have downloaded more than 337.53 GB and uploaded 48.19 GB of content through our system. Since the initial deployment, the buses have logged more than 9,331 hours of operation and have traveled over much of the northern Midwest of the United States. Through this paper we provide different insights acquired in deploying and running a continuous service with real users, present various user and usage characteristics in these systems, discuss various design and management strategies for these networks, and explore different network traffic optimizations possible.
Intraaortic balloon entrapment

A review of intraaortic balloon pump use at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center over the past 21 years identified 2 cases where a balloon was found to be entrapped. The balloon catheters had been in place for approximately 10 days when this complication occurred. The retained balloons were torn, filled with clotted blood, and impacted in the vasculature. In our first case, forceful removal of the intraaortic balloon was complicated by unintentional extraction of the external iliac and common femoral arteries. In the second case, clot within the balloon was dissolved with tissue plasminogen activator injected into the drive lumen of the catheter before removal. The prevention and management of this rare but serious complication of intraaortic balloon pumping is reviewed.
NO and endogenous angiotensin II interact in the generation of renal sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) appears to inhibit sympathetic tone in anesthetized rats. However, whether NO tonically inhibits sympathetic outflow, or whether endogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) promotes NO-med...
Effects of cytochalasin B on division and calcium carbonate extrusion in a calcareous alga.

Abstract Cytochalasin B (CB) (100 μg/ml) reversibly blocked cell division and cuased the formation of abnormal cytoplasmic bodies in the alga Cricosphaera carterae. Concentrations of 20 μg/ml and 40 μg/ml CB were without effects. In the presence of CB, calcified bodies (coccoliths) which form in Golgi vesicles and are normally extruded through the plasma membrane were not extruded and accumulated within the cell. CB appeared to alter the membranes of Golgi vesicles containing coccoliths. DMSO (10% v v ), the solvent for CB, was without effect on cell division and coccolith extrusion. A concentration of 20% v v DMSO inhibited cell division irreversibly.
Neurotrophic control of RNA synthesis in amphibian striated muscle

When frog sartorius muscles are incubated in culture for 3 days, a 98% increase in RNA synthesis by the muscles is seen. A portion of this increase (60–100% in different experiments) is prevented by the presence of a 2 cm distal nerve stump left attached to the muscle, or by the addition to the culture medium of nerve and spinal cord extracts from frog, rat or cow. The effect of the nerve stump and the extracts is seen under conditions of neuro-muscular blockade by 50 mg/l gentamicin sulfate present in the culture medium. Autoradiography of 1 μm sections of muscles previously labeled with [3H]uridine shows that isotope incorporation is largely confined to muscle fibers rather than connective tissue. Muscles cultured for 3 days display normal action and resting potentials either in the presence or absence of extract. The results are discussed in terms of control of muscle RNA synthesis by substances present in motor neurons.
Errorless versus errorful training of spelling in individuals with acquired dysgraphia

We examined effects of error production in training of spelling in four individuals with stroke-induced dysgraphia. In a single participant crossover design, we provided errorless and errorful spelling training in counterbalanced phases. Improvements in spelling to dictation (large effect sizes) were evident for trained words in all participants following both errorful and errorless training phases, with some advantage of errorful over errorless for three of four participants. Little generalisation was noted for untrained control words. Post-treatment improvements were also noted in a standardised writing test in three of four participants. At one month after training completion, gains were largely maintained for trained words, again with larger effect sizes for errorful than errorless words in three of four participants. However, despite benefits for errorful training, participants stated a preference for the less frustrating errorless training protocol.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of educational interventions in the Pennsylvania central region Farm safety pilot project

Background Evaluation of agricultural safety interventions has frequently been identified as an area requiring further research. This study prospectively evaluates the effectiveness of three specific educational safety interventions in reducing farm hazards. Methods Farm characteristics and hazard conditions at 216 farms in Pennsylvania were assessed through a questionnaire and objective audit, respectively, at both pre- and post-intervention time points. Counties were assigned to one of the following interventions: youth education, community coalition, self-audit, pre/post control, or post-only control group. Changes in hazard were analyzed through linear regression. Results Self-audit was the most effective intervention, leading to a 20% reduction in hazard scores. The community coalition and pre/post control group also showed reductions. Conclusions Intervention effectiveness significantly differed depending on initial hazards, indicating the need to target specific interventions for more or less hazardous farms. Findings of this prospective evaluation differed from the initial cross-sectional results, thus underscoring the need for longitudinal investigations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:145–152, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Melting of frozen, porous media contained in a horizontal or a vertical, cylindrical capsule

Abstract Melting of ice in porous media has been investigated experimentally and analytically for a horizontal and vertical cylindrical capsule. Quantitative results of the temperature distribution and solid-liquid interface motion and shape were obtained for inward melting with different size and types of spherical beads used as the porous media. Predictions from an analysis which considers conduction as the only mode of heat transfer in both the solid and liquid were compared to experimental data to show where natural convection becomes significant. It was found that the melting rate was augmented by natural convection in the liquid. For large differences in the thermal conductivity of the phase-change material and porous medium (e.g. water and aluminum), the effective thermal conductivity of the system was not predicted accurately by the model used, resulting in a further discrepancy between data and predictions. Moreover, the assumption of local temperature equilibrium between the void constituent and the porous medium becomes invalid for a water-aluminum bead system.
Central α-Adrenergic Control of Blood Pressure: Effects of Clonidine Withdrawal

Studies were undertaken to investigate the role of the CNS in withdrawal hypertension caused by abrupt cessation of long-term clonidine treatment. The studies were conducted on male wistar rats receiving clonidine, 100 μg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for seven days. Withdrawal hypertension occurred 16 to 18 hours following the last injection of clonidine. Pressor responses to posterior hypothalamic stimulation were significantly potentiated in the rats undergoing clonidine withdrawal, and the depressor response to a single injection of 10 μg of clonidine into the lateral cerebral ventricle was significantly attenuated in these animals. Studies on pithed rats demonstrated that destruction of the CNS eliminated the withdrawal hypertension. These data suggest that α-adrenoreceptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius play an important role in the normal maintenance of blood pressure, and a decrease in sensitivity of these receptors could result in the development of a hypertensive state.
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis associated with topical PUVA

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is associated with sun exposure and tanning bed usage and has been rarely reported in association with systemic PUVA. We report the first case of DSAP occurring after topical foot PUVA.
Concurrent Symbolic Verification of Liveness Properties for Interleaved Models

Abstract Interleaved models of computations limit the number of system components that can change states simultaneously. This interleaving constraint often decreases efficiency of symbolic verification methods. It was shown previously that the constraint can be (possibly partially) removed while still preserving safety properties of systems. We propose two extensions of this approach to liveness properties. The first one does not require changes to existing verification algorithms, while the second (which is usually more efficient) does. Our experiments indicate that both approaches can drastically reduce verification time.
Ultraviolet Radiation Downregulates Allergy in Balb/c Mice

The immunosuppressive effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are well known and the underlying mechanisms extensively studied. The suppression of Th1 appears to account for UVR suppression of contact hypersensitivity and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and increased susceptibility to certain infections and tumor development. The underlying mechanisms suggest Th2-mediated responses associated with immediate-type hypersensitivity and allergic lung disease should be unchanged or possibly enhanced by UVR. The hypothesis that UVR exposure enhances allergic lung disease in BALB/c mice was tested. Effects of UVR on sensitization and elicitation of respiratory hypersensitivity were assessed using a fungal extract, Metarhizium anisopliae (MACA), as the allergen. BALB/c mice were sham or UVR (8 KJ/m(2)) exposed 3d before involuntary aspiration (IA) of MACA or vehicle. The mice received UVR exposures before the first and second of three IAs in the sensitization protocol and 3 d before the fourth IA in the elicitation protocol. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested before (d 21, sensitization/d 24, elicitation) and at 1 (d 22/d 28), 3 (d 24/d 29), and 7 (d 28/d 35) d following the last IA. UVR exposure prior to sensitization suppressed two hallmarks of allergic disease, immune-mediated inflammation (eosinophil influx) and total immunoglobulin (Ig)E compared to the sham-UVR controls. There were no differences attributable to UVR exposure in previously sensitized mice. These data suggest that UVR exposure prior to sensitization suppresses allergic responses but has no effect on the elicitation of allergic responses in previously sensitized individuals. Consequently, there is no evidence that exposure to UVR enhances the induction or expression of allergic lung disease.
The Silent Bared‐Teeth Face and the Crest‐Raise of the Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx): a Contextual Analysis of Signal Function

The functions of two visual signals of the mandrill [silent bared-teeth face (SBTF) and crest-raise (CR)] were investigated by quantifying the probability of each signal occurring across a set of distinct contexts. The motivation for the investigation was twofold: (1) SBTF had been interpreted in diverse and sometimes contradictory ways, and (2) CR had been interpreted as a distinct signal from SBTF, despite indications that the two signals grade into one another. In our investigation we considered four functions for both SBTF and CR (threat, submissive, conciliatory, and ambivalent), and we made specific predictions about the relative probability that a signal with each of these functions should occur in different contexts. To determine if SBTF and CR represent a single graded signal, we analyzed them separately and together. We predicted that if they represent a single graded signal, then they should exhibit similar patterns of occurrence across contexts when they were analyzed separately, and that these patterns should be strengthened when they were analyzed together. The results showed that both SBTF and CR met the predictions for conciliatory signals, occurring most often in non-aggressive, non-hostile contexts and least often in aggressive, hostile contexts. The results were also consistent with the hypothesis that SBTF and CR represent a single graded signal.