cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Karhunen-Loeve Representation of Periodic Second-Order Autoregressive Processes

In dynamic data driven applications modeling accurately the uncertainty of various inputs is a key step of the process. In this paper, we first review the basics of the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition as a means for representing stochastic inputs. Then, we derive explicit expressions of one-dimensional covariance kernels associated with periodic spatial second-order autoregressive processes. We also construct numerically those kernels by employing the Karhunen-Loeve expansion and making use of Fourier representation in order to solve efficiently the associated eigenvalue problem. Convergence and accuracy of the numerical procedure are checked by comparing the covariance kernels obtained from the Karhunen-Loeve expansions against theoretical solutions.
Hydroxyguanidine--a new antitumour drug.

RECENT observations have again drawn attention to a possible viral aetiology for certain types of cancer. Among these observations are: the presence of RNA dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) in human leukaemic cells1; the presence of viral particles in the milk of Parsi women of Bombay and the concurrent presence of reverse transcriptase in the same samples of milk that contain the virus particles2; the leukaemic transformation of engrafted marrow cells in vivo3; and the induction of lymphoma and leukaemia in non-human primates with Herpesvirus saimiri4,5. These observations suggest that for the “cure” of certain types of cancer, drugs with activity against oncogenic virus will have to be combined with currently used antitumour agents, or that interferon (or interferon inducers) with antiviral and anti-tumour activity will have to be used6,7. Another alternative would be to combine the essential moieties of antiviral agents with the necessary moieties of molecules having antitumour activity in the hope that the resulting compound would have both activities.
Communication Preliminary to Negotiation in Intractable Conflict

Intractable conflict is severely escalated, long-lasting conflict. The hostility that occurs in such conflict tends to block association between adversaries and interfere with their communication (Coleman 1957; Sherif and Sherif 1969). For example, for years before the Oslo negotiations that established the Palestinian Authority, communication with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) was illegal in Israel and PLO members who made contact with Israelis risked assassination (Pruitt et al. 1997). Low communication makes it hard to escape conflict, because misperceptions and misunderstandings are not cleared up (Aquilar and Galluccio 2008; Newcomb 1947), and negotiations to settle differences are not initiated.
Effect of Excipients on the Stability of Insulin Lispro

Summary The effects of polymers hyaluronic acid (anionic), chitosan (cationic), and Pluronic F-127 (nonionic) on the stability of the insulin lispro in PBS (pH 7.4) solution at 37°C was investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The results were that hyaluronic acid slightly enhanced while chitosan and Pluronic® F-127 both decreased the stability of insulin lispro. Furthermore, the negative effect of chitosan on insulin lispro's stability was worse than that of Pluronic® F-127. These results clearly indicate that the macromolecular structure and charge of the polymer excipients had a significant effect on the stability of insulin lispro.
Recombination Between Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of the Arenavirus Pichinde

High-frequency recombination was obtained with temperature-sensitive, conditionally lethal mutants of the arenavirus Pichinde.
Stable Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis during the Cell Division Cycle in Slowly Growing Escherichia coli B/r

The rate of synthesis of stable nucleic acid was measured during the division cycle in slowly growing cultures of Escherichia coli B/r. The experimental patterns of synthesis were consistent with a discontinuous mode of chromosome replication and an exponentially increasing rate of stable RNA synthesis. The rates of tRNA and rRNA synthesis relative to the rate of total stable RNA synthesis were constant during the cell division cycle and were not affected by replication of stable RNA cistrons.
Cyclic AMP and the induction of eukaryotic gene transcription.

L'AMPc coordonne differentes voies metaboliques allant de la degradation du glycogene dans le foie des mammiferes a la synthese d'enzymes specifiques impliquees dans le metabolisme energetique d'Escherichia coli. Cet article s'interesse a la regulation de la transcription des genes par l'AMPc dans les cellules de mammiferes
Functional genomics in an ecological and evolutionary context: Maximizing the value of genomes in systems biology

The full power of functional genomics analyses comes from studying genomes of organisms that are known to be relevant to a system, as this permits a connection between metabolic networks within and across organisms within the systems these individuals inhabit. A genome is most effectively studied in an ecological and an evolutionary context, that is, with a view towards the relationships of the individual with other individuals within species and guilds that comprise a community and that mediate community function. We use examples from our own long-term studies of microbial mat communities found between ∼50°C and ∼72°C in alkaline siliceous hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, which are constructed by cyanobacteria (Synechococcus spp.), filamentous (Chloroflexus spp., Roseiflexus spp.) and other newly discovered anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum, Chlorobi), to illustrate that (i) isolates from systems are often numerically, genetically, and physiologically unrepresentative of the ecological diversity of predominant species, (ii) seemingly small genetic differences can be extremely important when attempting to infer system function from functions of an isolate, (iii) individuals group into ecologically distinct species populations that may or may not be typified by the characteristics of an individual and its genome, and (iv) co-evolution may be important for understanding metabolic networks among individuals of different species. Metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomic/stable isotope technologies will soon enable global studies of the metabolic networking from the individual to the community level of biocomplexity. To interpret the results, we will need to understand the principles of networking at all biological levels and we will be better off if our knowledge of networking within individuals is based on the study of isolates relevant to ecological systems.
Hox Genes Expression

Hox genes code for homeodomain-containing transcription factors that pattern the rostral–caudal (R/C) axis during embryogenesis. Their differential expression along the R/C axis is tightly regulated in both neural and non-neural tissue, and is the result of diverse, and sometimes opposing, regulatory influences. Signaling pathways important for development, such as the retinoic acid and fibroblast growth factor pathways, in combination with developmentally regulated transcription factors initiate their expression. This is subsequently maintained and refined by their own gene products through auto- and cross-regulatory mechanisms. Posttranscriptional mechanisms further refine these patterns and boundaries, resulting in a pattern of Hox gene expression that is unique at different levels of the embryonic R/C axis and underlies their functional roles in specification and patterning of tissues.
Mechanism for Fatty Liver Induction in Rats Fed Arginine Deficient Diets

Arginine deficiency is known to lead to marked alterations in pyrimidine biosynthesis and the excessive loss of urinary orotic acid. Orotic acid feeding is known to lead to hepatic steatosis. These studies show that arginine deficiency also results in a marked increase in liver lipids in the rat. The majority of the increased liver lipid can be accounted for by triglyceride accumulation. Increased liver lipid infiltration was found to be independent of the sex of the rat. Accompanying this increase was a decrease in serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations. Fatty infiltrations induced by arginine deficiency could be reversed by refeeding an arginine enriched diet. Adenine supplementation (0.30%) to the arginine deficient diet also completely prevented the induction of fatty livers. Adenine supplementation resulted in a dramatic increase in urinary orotic acid excretion in the arginine deficient rat. Guanine supplementation (0.5%) to an arginine deficient diet reduced but did not prevent the induction of fatty livers. The similarities of fatty livers induced by arginine deficiency and orotic acid feeding are discussed.
Batch Fabrication Of Mechanical Platforms For High Density

This paper describes the design and process of fully-integrated multilayer MEMS chips, including mm-sized wobble motor and actuator, with potential application in high density data storage [I]. We use a stencil plating process to fabricate fully-integrated rnultilayer high-aspect-ratio (10:1) metal structures a few tens of /spl mu/m thick with in-plane dimensions of a few millimeters. We implement integrated wobble motors with notches in stator and axle for process robustness, with wobble absorbers to reduce wobbling amplitude. The demonstration of full integration of mm-sized motor and actuator with large load carrying capability points to a low-cost path for shrinking data storage devices.
Effect of RNA and yeast autolysate on experimental infection in irradiated and unirradiated mice.

Intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of RNA or yeast autolysate before or after irradiation with 475 r reduced the mortality of mice from experimental infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa initiated by intraperitoneal inoculation on the fifth day post-irradiation. Mortality was also reduced by unirradiated mice treated with RNA or yeast autolysate before inoculation with Ps. aeruginosa.
Autoimmune diseases: the failure of self tolerance

The ability to discriminate between self and nonself antigens is vital to the functioning of the immune system as a specific defense against invading microorganisms. Failure of the immune system to "tolerate" self tissues can result in pathological autoimmune states leading to debilitating illness and sometimes death. The induction of autoimmunity involves genetic and environmental factors that have focused the attention of researchers on the trimolecular complex formed by major histocompatibility complex molecules, antigen, and T cell receptors. Detailed molecular characterization of these components points to potential strategies for disease intervention.
Aggregated fuzzy control systems

A multi-resolutional approach in generating a hierarchical and aggregated fuzzy system description is provided. The process includes aggregation of the fuzzy sets describing the control system as well as the aggregation of the rules that map a collection of fuzzy set to another set. In generating the fuzzy rules, the cell-to-cell mapping technique along with a steepest descent method to fine tune the developed membership functions of the fuzzy sets is utilized. The results for a linear system are also presented.
Role of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in pulmonary gas exchange and blood flow distribution

The regulation of the distribution of ventilation/perfusion ratios by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction contributes to both the efficiency of gas exchange and to pulmonary hemodynamics. In this review, the first of a two part series, are summarized the physiologic principles on which the analysis of ventilation/perfusion ratios and of pressure — flow relationships are based. A new combined analysis is introduced that permits the important contributions of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to overall gas exchange to be demonstrated in the circumstances of clinical complexity.
A Color Schlieren System Without Image Degradation

A "schliere", in German, is a local inhomogeneity. Schlieren systems, then, are optical systems designed to detect local inhomogeneities. Schlieren occur when hot water mixes with cold water, when shock waves are generated in a gas, when liquid mixtures are separated into components of different refractive index as in ultracentrifugation, and in many other phenomena involving the presence of temperature, pressure, or density gradients. However, there is no reason to restrict the term schlieren to disturbances that deflect light passing through a medium. If light is reflected off an irregular surface, such irregularities may be called 3 schlieren also. Indeed; schlieren systems, be cause they are easy to adjust, have found wide use for the testing of large mirrors.
Experiential avoidance and interpersonal problems: A moderated mediation model

Abstract This pilot study employed a moderated mediation framework to examine whether negative expectations of interpersonal relationships explained the relationship between experiential avoidance and interpersonal problems. University students ( N =159) completed measures of experiential avoidance, negative perceptions and expectations of interpersonal relationships (e.g., hostility, attachment anxiety), and interpersonal problems (e.g., coldness, social avoidance, dominating tendencies, and vindictiveness). Attachment anxiety explained the relationship between experiential avoidance and interpersonal problems involving coldness and social avoidance, with a stronger relationship at high levels of experiential avoidance. In addition, hostility explained the relationship between experiential avoidance and interpersonal problems involving dominant and vindictive tendencies. Moreover, experiential avoidance interacted with attachment anxiety and hostility to predict higher levels of interpersonal problems as evidenced by stronger indirect associations among participants reporting higher levels of experiential avoidance. Results of this pilot study provide a preliminary empirical model that integrates the literatures on experiential avoidance and interpersonal problems.
Electrotonic Coupling between Pyramidal Neurons in the Neocortex

Electrotonic couplings (i.e., electrical synapses or gap junctions) are fundamental to neuronal synchronization, and thus essential for many physiological functions and pathological disorders. Interneuron electrical synapses have been studied intensively. Although studies on electrotonic couplings between pyramidal cells (PCs) are emerging, particularly in the hippocampus, evidence is still rare in the neocortex. The electrotonic coupling of PCs in the neocortex is therefore largely unknown in terms of electrophysiological, anatomical and synaptological properties. Using multiple patch-clamp recording with differential interference contrast infrared videomicroscopy (IR-DIC) visualization, histochemical staining, and 3D-computer reconstruction, electrotonic coupling was recorded between close PCs, mainly in the medial prefrontal cortex as well as in the visual cortical regions of ferrets and rats. Compared with interneuron gap junctions, these electrotonic couplings were characterized by several special features. The recording probability of an electrotonic coupling between PCs is extremely low; but the junctional conductance is notably high, permitting the direct transmission of action potentials (APs) and even tonic firing between coupled neurons. AP firing is therefore perfectly synchronized between coupled PCs; Postjunctional APs and spikelets alternate following slight changes of membrane potentials; Postjunctional spikelets, especially at high frequencies, are summated and ultimately reach AP-threshold to fire. These properties of pyramidal electrotonic couplings largely fill the needs, as predicted by simulation studies, for the synchronization of a neuronal assembly. It is therefore suggested that the electrotonic coupling of PCs plays a unique role in the generation of neuronal synchronization in the neocortex.
Stressed photoconductive detector for far-infrared space applications.

An optimized leaf-spring apparatus for applying uniaxial stress to a Ge:Ga far-IR photoconductor has been designed and tested. This design has significant advantages for space applications which require high quantum efficiency and stable operation over long periods of time. The important features include adequate spring deflection with relatively small overall size, torque-free stress, easy measurement of applied stress, and a detector configuration with high responsivity. One-dimensional arrays of stressed photoconductors can be constructed using this design. A peak responsivity of 38 A/W is achieved in a detector with a cutoff wavelength of 200 microns, which was operated at a temperature of 2.0 K and a bias voltage equal to one-half of the breakdown voltage.
Attosecond timing the ultrafast charge-transfer process in atomic collisions

By solving the three-dimensional, time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, we have demonstrated that the ultrafast charge-transfer process in ion-atom collisions can be mapped out with attosecond extreme uv (xuv) pulses. During the dynamic-charge transfer from the target atom to the projectile ion, the electron coherently populates the two sites of both nuclei, which can be viewed as a ``short-lived'' molecular state. A probing attosecond xuv pulse can instantly unleash the delocalized electron from such a ``transient molecule,'' so that the resulting photoelectron may exhibit a ``double-slit'' interference. On the contrary, either reduced or no photoelectron interference will occur if the attosecond xuv pulse strikes well before or after the collision. Therefore, by monitoring the photoelectron interference visibility, one can precisely time the ultrafast charge-transfer process in atomic collisions with time-delayed attosecond xuv pulses.
Force measurement in field ergonomics research and application

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of quantifying forceful exertions of lifting, pushing/pulling, pinch and power griping with several commonly used methods (direct measurement, force-matching, ergonomist estimation based on observation and worker's self-report). The aims were to study differences of ergonomists in making decisions of collecting forceful exertion data, ability of the studied force quantification methods in detecting exposure differences between jobs, and relationships between measurements obtained by different methods. Seven hundred and thirty-three (733) subjects participated in the study, and 2482 forceful exertions were quantified with the selected force quantification methods. Results showed that the determination of whether a forceful exertion was considered important enough to be measured was very subjective. More objective criteria need to be developed. Although the different force quantification methods could detect exertion-level differences between different types of jobs, the sensitivity of detecting the difference varied. Direct measurement of lifting and pushing/pulling forces seems to be slightly more sensitive than ergonomists’ estimates, and the force matching of grip forces may be more sensitive than workers’ self-reports. Ergonomists estimations through observation seem to be a good alternative for measuring forceful exertions. Pearson correlation coefficients between force estimations obtained by the different methods were between 0.28 and 0.71. The degrees of the correlations between the different measurement methods varied. This indicates that the different methods might quantify different aspects of the forceful exertions. These methods may not necessarily be used interchangeably in job evaluation tools. Different weights and/or cut-points may need to be developed when different force quantification methods are used. Relevance to industry Objective criteria of collecting forceful exertion data in job evaluations need to be developed. Different forceful exertion quantification methods may be used in job evaluations. However, different cut-points classifying jobs risk levels should be used when different exertion quantification methods are used.
Development of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Brushes as Smart Biomaterials

The grafting of polymer chains onto surfaces at high density to yield "polymer brush" coatings is a widely employed strategy to reduce biofouling and interfacial friction. Here we report the design, development, and characterization of synthetic intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) based on the C-terminal sidearm domain of the human neurofilament heavy chain protein. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicate that the recombinant wild type protein adopts an extended conformation with a hydrodynamic radius of ∼10 nm, much larger than the expected value for a folded protein. This macromolecule adopts an extended, disordered conformation in solution and can be grafted at high density in an oriented fashion to solid supports, as measured by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation studies. The resulting IDP brushes are responsive to multiple stimuli such as solution pH and ionic strength. The swelling and collapsing behavior of the brush exhibits similar salt-dependence and comparable dynamic range to a synthetic, weak polyelectrolyte brush. This study provides evidence that stimuli-responsive polymer brushes can be fabricated from proteins and introduces these molecules as a new class of “smart” biomaterial building blocks.
Measuring Briefing and Checklist Compliance in Surgery A Tool for Quality Improvement

Operating room briefings improve patient outcomes; however, implementation and methods to measure are lacking. A briefing audit tool was developed with 4 domains: briefing logistics, briefing basics, specific briefing content, and briefing participation. The tool evaluated preoperative briefings across surgical services at an academic medical center. Sixty-three preoperative briefings were observed. Introduction by name and role occurred in 15% of cases. There was a wide variation in discussion of the critical goals of the surgical procedure among services D (100%), A (26%), B (19%), and C (0%). Participation in the briefing was variable among stakeholders and between services. Verbal contributions were variable across all roles ranging from 65% (surgeons) to 11% (trainees and surgical technologist). Preoperative briefing compliance is variable. Deficiencies varied between service lines, possibly highlighting the need for service-specific customization of the briefing tool in surgery. This tool is a practical method for the study of briefing implementation.
Factors affecting intellectual outcome in pediatric brain tumor patients

A prospective study utilizing repeated intellectual testing was undertaken in 73 children with brain tumors consecutively admitted to Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles over a 3-year period to determine the effect of tumor location, extent of surgical resection, hydrocephalus, age of the child, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy on cognitive outcome. Forty-three patients were followed for at least two sequential intellectual assessments and provide the data for this study. Children with hemispheric tumors had the most general cognitive impairment. The degree of tumor resection, adequately treated hydrocephalus, and chemotherapy had no bearing on intellectual outcome. Age of the child affected outcome mainly as it related to radiation. Whole brain radiation therapy was associated with cognitive decline. This was especially true in children below 7 years of age, who experienced a very significant loss of function after whole brain radiation therapy.
SOX Section 404 Material Weakness Disclosures and Audit Fees

Section 404 of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act and Auditing Standard No. 2 (PCAOB 2004) require management and the auditor to report on internal controls over financial reporting. Section 404 is arguably th...
Voice discrimination and recognition are separate abilities

Studies of brain-damaged subjects indicate that recognizing a familiar voice and discriminating among unfamiliar voices may be selectively impaired, and thus that the two are separate functions. Familiar voice recognition was impaired in cases of damage to the right (but not the left) hemisphere, while impaired unfamiliar voice discrimination was observed in cases with damage to either hemisphere.
Linear time encodable and list decodable codes

We present the first construction of error-correcting codes which can be (list) decoded from a noise fraction arbitrarily close to 1 in linear time. Specifically, we present an explicit construction of codes which can be encoded in linear time as well as list decoded in linear time from a fraction (1-e) of errors for arbitrary e > 0. The rate and alphabet size of the construction are constants that depend only on e. Our construction involves devising a new combinatorial approach to list decoding, in contrast to all previous approaches which relied on the power of decoding algorithms for algebraic codes like Reed-Solomon codes.Our result implies that it is possible to have, and in fact explicitly specifies, a coding scheme for arbitrarily large noise thresholds with only constant redundancy in the encoding and constant amount of work (at both the sending and receiving ends) for each bit of information to be communicated. Such a result was known for certain probabilistic error models, and here we show that this is possible under the stronger adversarial noise model as well.
Characteristics and identity of obligately aerobic spoilage yeasts from fish silage.

R.E. LEVIN AND R. WITKOWSKI. 1991. Yarrowia (Canadida) lipolytica was the predominant organism isolated from the surface film of growth derived from ground hake gurry to which only phosphoric acid was added to give a pH of 4.0. The optimum pH for the crude extracellular protease activity of two distinguishable strains of Y. lipolytica, designated CL1 and CL2, with casin as substrate was 7.0. The optimum temperature of the crude extracellular protease activity from both strains was 50.C. The addition of 2.0% glucose to broth cultures resulted in a significant increase in final cell mass and extracellular protease activity but resulted in a reduction in the units of protease activity per mg of dry cell mass at initial pH values of 5.6 and 7.0 but not an initial pH of 8.0
Rapid determination of nanogram amounts of tellurium in silicate rocks

Abstract A hydride-generation flameless atomic-absorption technique is used to determine as little as 5 ng g-1 tellurium in 0.25 g of silicate rock. After acid decomposition of the sample, tellurium hydride is generated with sodium borohydride and the vapor passed directly to a resistance-heated quartz cell mounted in an atomic-absorption spectrophotometer. Analyses of 11 U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks are presented.
Effects of MeV ion bombardment and thermal annealing on Ga1−x InxAs/GaAs☆

Abstract We have measured the lattice constants of the deformed unit cells of Ga1−xInxAs single layers on GaAs(001) substrates after bombardment with various MeV ions and/or after thermal annealing. The X-ray rocking curve data indicate a substantial loss of indium from the (GaIn)As layer as a result of MeV ion bombardment or thermal annealing. This observation demonstrates the necessity of a proper protective cap layer against the indium out-diffusion during the treatments. For the (GaIn)As layers with an initial in-plane mismatch of less than 0.01%, a high level damage-energy deposition from the MeV ion bombardment leads to a precipitous decrease of the perpendicular lattice constant, whereas there is no change in the in-plane lattice constant. For these films, the in-plane mismatch does not change under the MeV ion bombardment or a thermal annealing up to 500 ° C. We also report the behavior of in-plane mismatch for various relaxed layers under ion bombardment or thermal annnealing.
Crowdsourcing geographic knowledge: volunteered geographic information VGI in theory and practice

Crowdsourcing has become a popular silver bullet for groups with limited staff and overwhelming problems. But, warn others, there are two sides to that coin. ‘There is this misconception that you c...
Ab initio MO-SCF Calculation on a Model of Anomalous Water

Ab initio calculations are carried out on the planar hexamer model of anomalous water using a variety of basis sets. The results are compared to results of similar calculations on free water and water in the ice I-like puckered ring configurations.
Siblings of Handicapped Children: A Group Support Program.

Despite many barriers to providing support services to typical siblings in families with exceptional children, a successful group experience was developed for young children. The description of this activity points out some developmental considerations which may have implications for children's groups.
Osteolytic sterol in human breast cancer.

Eleven of twelve human breast cancers contained a lipid which increased urinary 45 Ca and 40 Ca excretion of 45 Ca-labeled, parathyroidectomized rats receiving a low Ca diet. The lipid has mobility on thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography close to, but not identical with, that of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Authentic 7-dehydrocholesterol has osteolytic activity similar to that of the extracted sterol. Fluorescence and Lieberman-Burchard reactions of the extracted sterol are similar to those of 7-dehydrocholesterol. The lipid was found by thin-layer chromatography in the extracts which had osteolytic activity. Neither the lipid nor osteolytic activity was found in extracts of tissue from two normal human breasts.
National Outcomes in Acute Aortic Dissection: Influence of Surgeon and Institutional Volume on Operative Mortality

Background Despite clinical and technical advances, acute aortic dissection carries high operative mortality. This study was designed to establish whether this is influenced by institution and surgeon volume. Methods Outcomes of 5,184 patients (mean age, 60.3 years; 65.9% male) diagnosed with acute aortic dissection from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2008 were analyzed with risk-adjustment for preoperative comorbidity using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Overall operative mortality was 21.6%, with similar preoperative patient risk profile across institutions and individual surgeons. A strong inverse relationship was observed between operative mortality and both institution and surgeon volume: surgeons who averaged less than 1 aortic dissection repair annually had a mean operative mortality of 27.5%, compared with 17.0% for those averaging 5 or more annually (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.29; p Conclusions Patients undergoing emergency repair of acute aortic dissection by lower-volume surgeons and centers have approximately double the risk-adjusted mortality of patients undergoing repair by the highest volume care providers. Routine involvement, whenever feasible, of teams experienced in acute aortic dissection repair may be a strategy to reduce operative mortality and major morbidity.
Identification of Ligands for Olfactory Receptors by Functional Expression of a Receptor Library

The recognition of odorants by olfactory receptors represents the first stage in odor discrimination. Here, we report the generation of an expression library containing a large and diverse repertoire of mouse olfactory receptor sequences in the transmembrane II-VII region. From this library, 80 chimeric receptors were tested against 26 odorants after transfection into HEK-293 cells. Three receptors were identified to respond to micromolecular concentrations of carvone, (-) citronellal, and limonene, respectively. We also found that the mouse I7 receptor, unlike the rat I7 receptor, prefers heptanal instead of octanal, as a result of a single valine-to-isoleucine substitution. This finding represents the beginning of a molecular understanding of odorant recognition. The identification, on a large scale, of cognate receptor-odorant interactions should provide insight into olfactory coding mechanisms.
Decision modeling for thermal stress screening of commercial electronics

Abstract Thermal stress screening (TSS) (a form of environmental stress screening) is being utilized at an increasing rate in the commericial industry. As a result, improvements in the useful life of electronic devices are being realigned. Unfortunately, manufacturing engineers are not well trained, nor do they have the tools necessary to make decisions assuring cost-effective commercial integration of TSS. We propose a decision approach and a cost modeling framework for use in evaluation and justification of TSS in commercial electronics.
Diagnosis of breast carcinoma with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human milk fat globulin (HMFG)

The current study attempted to assess the potential proficiency of radioimmunodetection (RAID) of primary, residual, multicentric, and recurrent breast carcinoma using two radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), anti-human milk fat globulin (HMFG1) labeled with iodine (123I) and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) labeled with technetium (99Tc). Thirteen patients with suspicious clinical and/or mammographic primary or recurrent breast carcinoma were studied in a phase I-II prospective, consecutive, nonrandomized, noncontrolled study. Five patients received intravenous infusion with 0.5-2.0 mg anti-CEA MoAb type CYT 380 labeled with 99Tc [13-22 millicurie (mCI)] and 8 patients received intravenous infusion with 0.25-1.0 mg anti-HMFG1 MoAb (Unipath, U.K.) labeled with 123I (4-17 mCI). Both MoAbs used in this study demonstrated ability to bind specifically to breast cancer lesions, resulting in successful RAID in 10 of 12 of studied patients (5 of 5 patients in the anti-CEA-99Tc and 5 of 7 in the anti-HMFG-123I group--accuracy 83.3%). One patient was excluded due to protocol violation. Seven patients had true-positive scans when correlated with surgery (sensitivity 87.5%). The MoAb scans accurately diagnosed lesions in 3 of the 4 primary invasive breast carcinomas confirmed histologically. Presence of residual carcinoma following wide excision was established in 1 of 2 patients and presence of soft tissue metastases in 3 patients. Three patients had true-negative scan (specificity 75%): 2 patients presented with suspicious mammographic recurrence postlumpectomy and 1 patient had questionable soft tissue recurrence. One patient with primary breast carcinoma had a false-negative scan and another had a false-positive scan in the presence of fibrosis following lumpectomy and radiation therapy. No adverse reactions were noted in the patients studied. RAID findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry in 6 of 9 cases studied. Our data suggest that radiolabeled MoAbs used in this study are potentially useful diagnostic agents for evaluation of primary or recurrent breast carcinoma, particularly in the areas where conventional methodology is limited.
Assessing the Impact of Supplements, Food Aversions, and Silica on Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski) use by Sheep

Abstract We explored in sheep (1) the impact of supplements on medusahead intake and preference, (2) whether medusahead is aversive, and (3) if silica inhibits food intake. Groups of lambs ( n = 8) were individually penned and randomly assigned to 4 supplementation treatments: beet pulp:barley (70:30) (High Energy; HE), alfalfa:soybean meal (60:40; High Protein; HP), a choice of HE and HP (CHOICE), or no supplement (Control). After supplementation all animals had ad libitum access to medusahead in early reproductive – Trial 1, late reproductive – Trial 2, and thatch – Trial 3 phenological stages. On the last day of each trial, lambs had choices between medusahead and tall fescue hay. Lambs in HE tended to ingest ( P P P P n = 10) were fed beet pulp and then received intraruminal infusions of: (1) tall fescue hay (4 g/kg BW), (2) lithium chloride (LiCl; 150 mg/kg BW), and (3) medusahead (4 g/kg BW). Medusahead infusions did not reduce intake of beet pulp relative to infusions of tall fescue hay ( P > 0.10), whereas infusions of LiCl conditioned a food aversion ( P n = 10) were fed: (1) alfalfa, (2) alfalfa-2.5% Silica, and alfalfa-4.5% Silica. Lambs in Group 2 had the lowest intake of alfalfa ( P
A trypanosome mitochondrial RNA polymerase is required for transcription and replication.

Abstract Understanding mitochondrial transcription is a requisite first step toward understanding the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression in kinetoplastids. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of a mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRNAP) from Trypanosoma brucei, the firsttrans-acting factor involved in kinetoplast mitochondrial transcription to be identified. Using sequences conserved among the catalytic domains of the single-subunit mtRNAPs, we were able to obtain a full-length sequence for a candidate mtRNAP from T. brucei. Sequence comparison indicates that it shares homology in its catalytic domain with other single-subunit mtRNAPs, including functionally conserved residues that are identical in all single-subunit RNAPs. We used RNA interference to functionally knock out the gene product to determine whether the candidate gene represents an mtRNAP. As predicted for a mitochondrial specific RNA polymerase, reduction of the gene product resulted in a specific decrease of mitochondrial versus nuclear transcripts. Additionally, similar to the mtRNAP of other organisms, the mtRNAP characterized here is involved in replication of the mitochondrial genome. Thus, based on sequence comparison and functional studies, we have cloned an mtRNAP from trypanosomes.
RANDOM WALKS AND PLANE ARRANGEMENTS IN THREE DIMENSIONS

(1999). Random Walks and Plane Arrangements in Three Dimensions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 6, pp. 502-524.
The prompt gamma neutron activation analysis facility at Murr

Abstract A facility has been developed at the University of Missouri Research Reactor so that the unique features of prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis can be used to measure trace and major elements in samples. This facility consists of a radial beamport, external sample position with shielding, and a multi-mode counting system. A single-crystal silicon neutron filter installed inside the beamport passes most of the thermal neutrons while reducing fast neutron and gamma radiation associated with the beam. Using thin gold foils, the beam was measured at the sample position to be 5 × 108n cm−2 s−1, with a cadmium ratio of 42 1 . Background measurements of thermal and fast neutrons at the Ge(Li) detector yielded 1 and 2 n cm−2 s−1, respectively. The multimode counting system consists of a Ge(Li) detector surrounded by an annular NaI crystal both of which are controlled by a computer-based analyzer system. Prompt gamma-ray spectra were collected in the energy range from 0.05 to 11 MeV. To establish the performance capabilities of the facility, irradiations of pure element or simple compound standards were performed to identify the prompt gamma-ray energies from each element, their count rates, and their interferences. Preliminary results are presented demonstrating the application of this technique to the analysis of standard reference materials.
Gregory of Nyssa's Terminology for Trinitarian Perichoresis

Gregoire de Naziance est le premier Pere de l'Eglise a employer le terme perichoresis dans un sens theologique quand il parle des titres du Christ se referant a son humanisme et a sa divinite. Mais il ne l'emploie pas dans un sens trinitaire, pour exprimer la trinite il utilise deux autres termes : periphero et auakuklesis qui definissent le dynamisme de la vitalite trinitaire et l'intercommunion. L'A. utilise le terme anachronique deperichoresis pour discuter de l'interpenetration des personnes dans la theologie trinitaire de Gregoire car le premier auteur a employer ce terme dans un sens trinitaire est le Pseudo-Cyrille (657-681).
A decrease in S-adenosyl-L-methionine potentiates arachidonic acid cytotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes enriched in CYP2E1

Previous studies show that treatment with a polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), or high concentrations of cycloleucine, an inhibitor of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), which lowers levels of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), increased toxicity in hepatocytes from pyrazole-treated rats which expressed high levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). In this study, I used concentrations of cycloleucine or AA, which by themselves do not produce any toxicity, to evaluate whether a decrease in SAM sensitizes hepatocytes to AA toxicity, especially in hepatocytes enriched in CYP2E1. Levels of SAM were lower by 50% in hepatocytes from pyrazole- compared to saline-treated rats. Cycloleucine treatment caused a 50% decline in SAM levels with both hepatocyte preparations and SAM levels were lowest in the pyrazole-treated hepatocytes. The combination of cycloleucine plus AA produced some toxicity and apoptosis in hepatocytes from saline-treated rats but increased toxicity and apoptosis was found in the hepatocytes from pyrazole-treated rats. Cytotoxicity could be prevented by incubation with SAM, the antioxidant trolox, and the mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor trifluoperazine. The enhanced cytotoxicity could also be protected by treating rats with chlormethiazole, a specific inhibitor of CYP2E1, thus validating the role of CYP2E1. Cycloleucine plus AA treatment elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation to greater extents with the hepatocytes from pyrazole-treated rats than that from the saline-treated rats. I hypothesize that increased production of ROS by hepatocytes enriched in CYP2E1 potentiates AA-induced lipid peroxidation and toxicity when hepatoprotective levels of SAM are lowered. Such interactions, e.g. induction of CYP2E1, decline in SAM and polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced lipid peroxidation, may contribute to alcohol-induced liver injury.
The hydrothermal component in ferromanganese nodules from the southeast Pacific Ocean

Abstract Statistical analyses of geochemical data from ferromanganese nodule samples representing a broad area of the southeast Pacific Ocean indicate nodule compositions are controlled by four factors: (1) suboxic diagenesis; (2) oxic diagenesis; (3) hydrogenous precipitation; and (4) hydrothermal precipitation. The first three are identical to those identified in studies of nodules from the North Pacific; the fourth factor represents the first quantitative determination of a significant hydrothermal end-member in ferromanganese nodules. Nodules apparently acquire a hydrothermal component through the accretion of colloidal-sized hydrothermal precipitates which are widely dispersed from their origin at vents along the East Pacific Rise (EPR). Nodules recovered from beneath the “shadow” of the present-day hydrothermal plumes emanating from the EPR contain significantly higher amounts of hydrothermal material relative to nodules from other areas.
Potential for delayed orchardgrass seeding during glyphosate-resistant alfalfa establishment.

Few herbicides are labeled for weed control when establishing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass mixtures. Varying the planting date of the grass in relation to alfalfa and adjusting herbicide application timing could improve weed control and forage grass safety. The research objective was to evaluate the use of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] for weed control in seedling glyphosate-resistant alfalfa mixed with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Orchardgrass was seeded with alfalfa or 4 and 5 wk after alfalfa; while glyphosate was applied 4 wk after planting and all treatments included an untreated check. First year harvests varied in composition and orchardgrass was slower to establish than alfalfa. At the first harvest, glyphosate treatments had 17 to 35% higher alfalfa content, reduced or similar orchardgrass content, and 75 to 90% lower weed content than treatments without glyphosate. By the third harvest of the establishment year, weed biomass in the 4 and 5 wk after planting treatments not treated with herbicide was at least 4.5 times greater and orchardgrass content was the same or less than the comparable glyphosate treatments. Forage species composition and weed control differences present during the establishment year dissipated during the second year of the study. By 2 yr after establishment, orchardgrass content was lower only in the first two cuttings when orchardgrass was seeded with the alfalfa and a glyphosate application followed, a practice not generally recommended. This study demonstrates the utility of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant alfalfa and should provide some guidance for establishment of successful alfalfa-grass mixtures.
Searching for NLSP sbottom at the LHC

Abstract We study the collider phenomenology of sbottom–bino co-annihilation scenario at both the 7 TeV and 14 TeV LHC. This co-annihilation scenario requires that the NLSP sbottom and LSP bino masses are apart by no more than about 20% or so, and for M b ˜ 1 > M b + M χ ˜ 1 0 , the sbottom decays exclusively into b + χ ˜ 1 0 . We propose a search for sbottom pairs through b b ¯ plus missing energy. By scanning the mass parameters M b ˜ 1 and M χ ˜ 1 0 , we investigate the discovery limits of sbottom and bino in the M b ˜ 1 – M χ ˜ 1 0 plane with at least 5 σ significance at the LHC, for varying integrated luminosities. It is shown that with at least 5 fb −1 luminosity, the 7 TeV LHC can explore a narrow region satisfying the 20% co-annihilation condition. For the 14 TeV LHC with 10 (100) fb −1 luminosity, the discovery limit of M b ˜ 1 is 360 (570) GeV.
Observations of Crosshatched Wave Patterns in Liquid Films

This experimental approach, aimed at understanding the formation of crosshatched patterns in liquid films, eliminates differential sublimation or vaporization as a possible mechanism of pattern formation by introducing a liquid with an extremely low vapor pressure onto the surfact of a model in a supersonic (cold) wind tunnel. The results indicate that 1) moving crosshatched patterns can be obtained without sublimation or vaporization; 2) the motion of the liquid film can be characterized in sufficient detail to permit comparison between experiment and theory; and 3) the observed waves are consistent with the findings of a linear stability analysis.
Analysis for sulfur compounds in lipid extracts from the orgueil meteorite

Solvent extracts of the Orgueil carbonaceous meteorite were investigated by thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet, infrared, and mass spectrometry, and by ultramicro elemental analysis for sulfur. Long chain thiols were absent but trace amounts of open-chain sulfides and some heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur appear to be present in the meteorite lipid fraction. The conditions for the formation of the sulfur compounds are in agreement with the generally accepted concepts regarding the environment of the meteorite parent body (ies). The meteorite lipid fraction appears to differ in part from petroleum.