cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Roman de la Rose: Psychological Interiority in Medieval Allegory

The thirteenth-century Roman de la Rose of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun presents more fully than any other medieval allegory the manifold conflicts both the lover, Amant, and beloved, the Rose, encounter in the pursuit and often, avoidance, of love. Because the Roman is the first medieval romance to focus exclusively on the interior psychological processes, instead of on the superficial dynamic within a cast of human characters, and is thus pure psychological allegory, it holds a crucial place in the development of character in medieval literature as it sanctions the treatment of psychology in character. The allegory form with its very absence or minimization of a material world was the perfect vehicle for the poet seeking to represent the world of the human psyche which had not been extensively explored in medieval literature until this time.
Using stable isotopes and C:N ratios to examine the life‐history strategies and nutritional sources of larval lampreys

Natural abundance stable-isotope analysis (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) and C:N ratios were used to study the ammocoete phase of two common non-parasitic lamprey species (least brook lamprey Lampetra aepyptera and American brook lamprey Lethenteron appendix) in two tributaries of the Ohio River (U.S.A.). The C:N ratios suggest that each species employs different lipid accumulation strategies to support its metamorphosis and recruitment into an adult animal. Ammocoete δ(13)C values generally increased with increasing C:N values. In contrast to δ(13)C, ammocoete δ(15)N values were weakly related to the total length (LT) in L. aepyptera, but positively correlated to both LT and C:N ratios in L. appendix. In L. appendix, C:N also correlated positively with LT, and presumably age. A Bayesian mixing model using δ(13)C and δ(15)N was used to estimate nutritional subsidies of different potential food resources to ammocoetes at each site. The models suggested that although nutritional subsidies to ammocoetes varied as a function of site, ammocoetes were generally reliant on large contributions (42-62% at three sites) from aquatic plants. Contributions from aquatic sediment organic matter were also important at all sites (32-63%) for ammocoetes, with terrestrially derived plant materials contributing smaller amounts (4-33%). These findings provide important insights into the feeding ecology and nutrition of two species of lampreys. They also suggest that similar and other quantitative approaches are required to (1) fully understand how the observed stable-isotopes ratios are established in ammocoetes and (2) better assess ammocoete nutritional subsidies in different natal streams.
Fireside Corrosion in Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Coal

Oxy-fuel combustion is burning a fuel in oxygen rather than air for ease of capture of CO2 from for reuse or sequestration. Corrosion issues associated with the environment change (replacement of much of the N2 with CO2 and higher sulfur levels) from air- to oxy-firing were examined. Alloys studied included model Fe–Cr alloys and commercial ferritic steels, austenitic steels, and nickel base superalloys. The corrosion behavior is described in terms of corrosion rates, scale morphologies, and scale/ash interactions for the different environmental conditions. Evidence was found for a threshold for severe attack between 10−4 and 10−3 atm of SO3 at 700 °C.
Pneumococcus with the “6E” cps locus produces serotype 6B capsular polysaccharide

Genetic studies of serogroup 6 isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeidentified putative serotype 6E. Although its capsular polysaccharide structure has not been elucidated, putative serotype 6E is described in an increasing number of studies as a potentially new serotype. We show here that SPEC6B, which is widely used as a target strain for serotype 6B opsonophagocytosis assays, has the genetic features of the putative serotype 6E but produces capsular polysaccharide identical to 6B capsular polysaccharide as determined by one-dimensional (1D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thus, putative serotype 6E is a mere genetic variant of serotype 6B. Also, SPEC6B is appropriate as a target strain for serotype 6B opsonophagocytosis assays. This example illustrates the difficulties of assigning new bacterial serotypes based on genetic findings alone.
Automated grading of student programming assignments

Grading student programs is one of those things that can be a headache for both faculty and students. For faculty --- especially if teaching with frequent assignments or larger class sizes --- grading takes a lot of time. In addition, it is hard to stay on top of the grading of weekly programs. Students often do not receive feedback quickly enough for it to be helpful for the next assignment and it is frequently not very detailed.
A paired prentice-Wilcoxon test for censored paired data

Prentice (1978, Biometrika 65, 167-179) has provided a censored-data generalization of classical linear rank statistics. This paper investigates a method to generalize the Prentice statistics to the analysis of censored paired data. Particular emphasis is given to the paired-data version of the Prentice-Wilcoxon statistic, with discussion of the reasons for preferring Prentice over the Gehan scores. The paired Prentice-Wilcoxon (PPW) statistic makes use of interblock information and can be viewed as a censored-data generalization of the Conover-Iman (1981, The American Statistician 35, 124-129) "paired t test on the ranks" or of the Lam-Longnecker (1983, Biometrika 70, 510-513) modified Wilcoxon rank sum statistic. In simulations comparing the PPW, sign, and generalized signed rank (GSR) statistics, the PPW is most powerful against all but the exponential scale alternative. Furthermore, the small advantage of the GSR over the PPW in that alternative is lost if outlier pairs are introduced. When compared to the two-sample Prentice-Wilcoxon statistic, the PPW is nearly as powerful in uncorrelated data and its power becomes superior as correlation between paired members increases.
Effect of Furnace Purging on Kinetic Rate Parameter Determination Using Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis

In determining char reactivity using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), typically the sample is heated in an inert atmosphere until the reaction temperature is achieved and the gas is switched to th...
The Final Frontier: Building New Knowledge Through Planetary and Extrasolar Observation

Many technological developments in remote sensing are at least partially rooted in space exploration efforts; for instance, imaging spectroscopy—hyperspectral imaging—was developed in parallel for terrestrial and planetary applications. Of course, what are perhaps the best-known space exploration efforts have actually involved direct (i.e., non-remote-sensing) measurements: the Apollo missions, which landed astronauts on the Earth’s Moon during the late 1960s and early 1970s, and more recently, the unmanned Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity, which began collecting data from the Martian surface in 2004, as well as the rover Curiosity, which has been collecting data since 2012 as part of NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory mission. Notably, all of these surface investigation missions have coincided with remote sensing by orbiting spacecraft. For example, the Apollo Command and Service Modules, which orbited the Moon while their corresponding Lunar Modules were on the surface, were equipped with a variety of remote sensing instruments, and there are currently five different spacecraft orbiting Mars. Ultimately, oriting or fly-by spacecraft have collected remotely sensed data, in varying amounts, for all of the planets in our solar system and some of their moons (Hanel et al. 2003), as well as asteroids and the Sun (e.g., NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory). Furthermore, the number of satellite-based instruments targeted at deep space continues to increase. In this chapter, we highlight some prominent historical missions as well as some active efforts.
Analysis of surveillance data of influenza in Suzhou city of Anhui Province from 2009 to 2012

Objective: To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza by analyzing the surveillance data and epidemic situation of influenza in Suzhou city from 2009 to 2012. Methods: The Real-Time PCR technology was used to detect the specificity nucleic acid of influenza virus in collected influenza-like cases or throat swab specimens from patients with influenza.Results: A total of 1 672 specimens were tested,among which 214 were found to have positive specificity nucleic acid of influenza virus,with a total positive rate of 12. 8%. Among the 287 samples detected in 2009,positive specificity nucleic acid of influenza virus was found in 155 of them( 54. 0%); among the 729 samples detected in 2010,positive specificity nucleic acid of influenza virus was found in 39 of them( 5. 3%); among the 319 samples detected in 2011,positive specificity nucleic acid of influenza virus was found in 4 of them( 1. 3%); among the 337 samples detected in 2012,positive specificity nucleic acid of influenza virus was found in 16 of them( 4. 7%). The 214 patients with positive influenza virus nucleic acid were mainly concentrated at the age group of 0 to 10,followed by the age group of 20. The ratio of male and female was 1. 2 ∶ 1,and the positive rate of male and female was 12. 0% and 13. 9%,respectively; the difference was not statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusions: The positive rate of specific nucleic acid of influenza virus declines from 2009 to 2011 year by year; but the positive rate in 2012 is higher than that in 2011,so monitoring,prevention and control work still needs to be strengthened. Children and adolescents are the high risk population for influenza with no gender differences.
Effects of ammoniation of tall fescue on phenolic composition, feed intake, site and extent of nutrient digestion and ruminal dilution rates of steers.

Tall fescue hay (H) supplemented with corn and urea (HU) or corn gluten meal (HCGM) and ammoniated tall fescue hay supplemented with corn (AH) or corn gluten meal (AHCGM) were fed to steers in two 4 X 4 Latin-square trials. Diets were fed to four Angus-Hereford steers (550 kg) at equal intakes in trial 1 and to four Hereford steers (350 kg) at ad libitum intakes in trial 2. Ammoniation reduced cell wall concentrations of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid by 48 and 67%, respectively. Concentrations of other phenolics were also reduced. Apparent total tract digestibilities of vanillin, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were lower (P less than .05, .001 and .01, respectively) when nontreated hay was fed in trial 1, but were not different between hay types in trial 2. In trial 1, greater negative intestinal digestibilities of p-coumaric acid (P less than .001) and vanillin (P less than .05) occurred for steers fed HU and HCGM vs AH and AHCGM diets. Digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were greater (P less than .001) for steers fed ammoniated hay diets in both trials and greater (P less than .05) for HCGM vs HU in trial 1. More than 96% of the NDF and ADF digested by steers in trial 1 was digested in the stomach. Intakes of digestible NDF and ADF, but not indigestible NDF or ADF, were higher (P less than .001) for steers fed AH and AHCGM in trial 2. In situ dry matter disappearance rate of ammoniated hay was greater (P less than .05) than that of nontreated hay, but rate of cotton thread disappearance from bags suspended in the rumen of steers fed the various diets was similar among treatments. In both trials, feeding ammoniated hay resulted in higher (P less than .05) ruminal concentrations of acetate and higher (P less than 0.05) acetate:propionate ratios. Ruminal liquid dilution rates were lower (P less than .05) for steers fed AH and AHCGM in trial 1, but were not different in trial 2. Ruminal dry matter concentration and solids dilution rate were not affected by diet in either trial. The results are interpreted to indicate that increased intake of ammoniated hay is a result of increased rate and extent of fiber digestion.
Abstract 3608: Detection of somatic structural variants using nanopore sequencing

Structural variants (SVs) are a hallmark of human cancer, but remain difficult to reliably and accurately detect with next generation sequencing (NGS). This is in part due to the difficult in mapping NGS9s short reads ( Citation Format: Alexis L. Norris, Rachael E. Workman, Yunfan Fan, James R. Eshleman, Winston Timp. Detection of somatic structural variants using nanopore sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3608.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Different Tendon Repair Techniques

Previous studies have examined multiple suture techniques for the repair of ruptured tendons. In this study, we investigated how the two- and four-stranded Krackow suture weave techniques compared with a novel Krackow/Bunnell suture technique. Our hypothesis was that the Krackow/Bunnell suture would have greater strength compared with the two- and four-stranded Krackow suture in terms of resistance to pullout from the muscle tendon. Thirty fresh bovine Achilles tendons were assigned randomly to three groups: (1) two-stranded Krackow, (2) fourstranded Krackow, and (3) the Krackow/Bunnell combination. After suture placement, all specimens were subjected to initial cyclic loading (0-200 N for 200 cycles) and then the tension to failure force defined as the pullout through the muscle tendon was evaluated. Significantly greater deformation before suture failure was seen in the Krackow/Bunnell group compared with the four-stranded Krackow construct (36.2 vs. 28.7 mm, p = 0.009), as well as greater energy required to rupture the suture (4635 vs. 3346 N/mm; p = 0.016). There was no significant difference with regard to the force to failure between the two groups (four-stranded Krackow vs. Krackow/Bunnell). The two-stranded Krackow was found to be inferior to both the four-stranded Krakow and the Krakow/Bunnell techniques with regard to load to failure. We have found that the Krackow/Bunnell suture technique is at least comparable to, if not superior to, the four-stranded Krackow technique with regard to deformation before suture failure and energy required to rupture the tendon. Therefore, the Krackow/Bunnell technique may be an optimal construct if the surgeon is concerned about suture pullout through the tendon; however, future studies evaluating this technique in the clinical setting are required before making any final conclusions for patient use.
Asthma, allergy, and obesity: Examining the relationship among Nevada children

ABSTRACTObjective: The majority of pediatric asthma is atopic, but whether pediatric obese asthma is atopic is indeterminate in the literature. In Nevada, children become sensitized to aeroallergens, a risk factor for asthma, at young ages. Additionally, Nevada children have high rates of obesity. Our objective is to determine whether elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with asthma severity, allergen sensitization, and polysensitization. Methods: Medical records from a pediatric allergy clinic provided BMI percentile, physician-diagnosed asthma severity, skin prick test data, and sociodemographics such as age, race, sex, and insurance status from asthmatic patients. Descriptive statistics and binary and multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Results: In this population (N = 125) aged 1–16, 61% were male, 65% were white, and 74% had private health insurance. Sixty-five percent of children were under/healthy weight and 29% were overweight/obese. Asthma symptoms were moderate in 66% of the ...
Investigating communication hindrance in interdisciplinary collaboration: a grounded theory approach

The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) to explore the communication barriers and challenges that interdisciplinary researchers might encounter when collaborating with their counterparts from other disciplines, and (2) to survey how the researchers mitigate the hurdles in the collaboration processes. Eight interdisciplinary researchers from a research institute were recruited to participate in the study. They were individually interviewed with a semi-structured protocol. The interview transcripts were then analyzed using a grounded theory approach that consists of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding in sequence. The preliminary results show that the major communication hindrances include: domain disparity; discrepancies of individual researchers in terms of their perspectives, preferences, and behaviors; varied interpretations on the meanings of shared artifacts used by the interdisciplinary research groups; and divergence of personal motivation and engagement levels toward interdisciplinary collaboration. The participants considered active and constant learning to be the most useful strategy to cope with these communication obstacles. These findings yield some novel insights into the interdisciplinary collaboration effort and provide new empirical evidence to substantiate what previous studies have found. In addition, this study generates a deeper understanding about communication difficulties that interdisciplinary researchers might face, which can in turn be translated into practical implications for administrators and policy makers who are responsible for managing interdisciplinary collaborations.
Sensor placement for reliable observability: a structured systems approach

This paper addresses the problem of reliable sensor placement in large scale linear systems with potentially faulty components. The failure probabilities of individual system components are assumed to be known, and the goal is to place sensor outputs so that the network remains observable with high probability. Two different kinds of system component failures are considered in this paper: 1) the failure of arbitrary sensor devices and 2) the failure of arbitrary connections between pairs of state variables (referred to as a link). In addition, we focus on the design from an economic point of view; thus, we aim to identify the minimum number of state variables that need to be measured to meet desired reliability criteria. We recast this problem as an integer program. Although the integer programming problem is known to be NP-complete, we propose a greedy algorithm and characterize its performance with respect to the optimal solution. Consequently, the proposed approach provides an approximate solution to the problem of minimal sensor placement in the presence of stochastic component failure. Finally, we illustrate the obtained results with an example and simulation analysis.
Estimation and characterization of municipal solid waste generation in Thirukkovil Pradeshiya Sabha, Ampara District

Municipal Solid Waste is a growing problem in urban areas of Sri Lanka and this problem is aggravated due to absence of proper solid waste management systems at Local Authorities. The management of solid waste requires in depth studies on waste generation and characterization. Thus, an evaluation study was conducted to assess the generation and composition of solid wastes in Thirukkovil Pradeshiya Sabha, Ampara district. Solid waste collected from households and shops by Local Authority were quantified. Then, collected samples were separated into different material categories of wastes. The questionnaire surveying covered 60 households in study area. Finally, data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS.The results manifested that the average waste generation per household is 2.24 kilogram. Approximately, 16.345 tons of solid waste were found to be generated per day by household sector and has contributed more than 45.64% of the total waste generation. Correlation study revealed that the household waste generation showed a moderate positive correlation (P<0.01) with monthly income and family size. The average composition of the household waste in weight basis is organic waste (92.94%), plastic (3.96%), metal (0.86%), glass (1.67%), and hazardous waste (0.57%). Average solid waste generation per shop is 1.56 kilogram. Approximately 74.88 kilogram of solid waste were generated per day and the average composition of the shop waste is organic waste (89.26%), plastic (9.10%), glass (0.94%), metal (0.62%), and hazardous waste (0.046%). The total solid waste collected by the Local Authority is 250.65 tons per week. The average composition of the solid waste collected by Local Authority was organic waste (93.69%), plastic (2.73%), glass (1.03%), metal (0.56%) and hazardous waste (1.96%). The biodegradable material can be utilized for compost making to reduce the materials at home level
Spatial Characteristics of Jaw Movements During Chewing in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study

This study compared jaw motion between children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their typically-developing (TD) peers during chewing. The jaw movements of 11 children with spastic CP (GMFCS levels II–V) all of whom were exclusively oral feeders with no reported clinical issues with feeding [mean age = 7.49 (2.30) years; 7 males, 4 females] and 11 age- and sex-matched TD peers [mean age = 7.54 (2.35) years] were recorded using optical motion capture. Participants chewed five trials of three different consistencies, including puree, mechanical soft, and solid. For each chewing sequence, the path distance (total amount of distance traveled by the jaw), average jaw speed, and working space (total 3-dimensional size of the jaw movements during chewing) were calculated. The CP group had greater path distances for mechanical soft and solids (p < 0.001) and larger working spaces (p < 0.001) than the TD group. Consistency differences were also found with path distances increasing for both groups with increased bolus consistency (p < 0.001). Puree was chewed most slowly for both groups (p = 0.05) and was associated with smaller working space than the other consistencies for both groups (p < 0.001). The TD group demonstrated slower speeds for mechanical soft as compared to solids (p = 0.05), a finding which was not observed in the CP group. The results suggest children with CP showed jaw movement differences during chewing despite being exclusive oral eaters with no reports of clinical feeding or deglutition disorders. Food consistency also influenced jaw movements in both children with CP and their TD peers.
The risk of initiating fluoxetine for motor deficits after ischemic stroke in patients with bipolar disorder

. However, the psychiatric consequences or diagnostic contraindications of this therapy have not been discussed.We examined the effects of initiating fluoxetine in a patient with bipolar 2 disorder following left posterior inferior cerebellar artery ischemic stroke. The patient’s medical and psychiatric history, physical and neurological examinations, pertinent family history, social history, and laboratory data were used in our assessment and subsequent treatment of their condition. The patients a’ nonymity was maintained by withholding identifying information.The patient was hospitalized for treatment of left posterior inferior cerebellar artery ischemic stroke roughly two weeks after stopping their home medications consisting of insulin, metoprolol, and lithium. While recovering from their stroke, the patient resumed taking metoprolol and insulin though refused lithium or another mood stabilizer. To treat residual symptoms of their ischemic stroke, fluoxetine 40 mg by mouth daily was initiated without a concurrent mood stabilizer. Soon thereafter, the patient developed symptoms concerning for hypomania: increased rate of speech, irritability, psychomotor agitation, tangential thought process, and reduced need for sleep. The patient’s urine toxicology was negative for drugs of abuse, and aside from fluoxetine the patient had not been treated with medications associated with drug-induced mania. Though the patient refused medication to treat symptoms of hypomania, they agreed to discontinue fluoxetine. Over the course of multiple days, the patient’s symptoms improved, and the patient did not require inpatient psychiatric treatment for acute stabilization.We report that initiation of fluoxetine for motor recovery after ischemic stroke carries the risk of inducing hypomania in a patient with bipolar 2 disorder who is not taking a mood stabilizer. Fluoxetine is one of many medications that can induce symptoms of mania
Delirium and Dementia

The Delirium Rating Scale assess the severity of delirium (Trzepacz, Baker, & Greenhouse, 1988). It consists of 10 clinician-rated items, each of which reflects a different aspect of delirium.
JOHN JONES AND THE BLACK CONVENTION MOVEMENT, 1848-1856

Little progress had been made in extending full citizenship to the Black minority. In the nineteenth century, the Black Convention Movement was an attempt to alleviate this social inequity. The National Convention, with its state and local auxiliary societies gave the Black man a sense of identity. In these societies, he obtained a feeling of confidence and self-respect. It brought Northern Blacks together as no other organization did and provided them with an opportunity to arrive at a common perspective of problems and solutions (Foner, 1964: 126). The Convention developed national and local leaders who were to play formidable roles in erasing slave codes and other abuses of human rights. Black leaders from the Chicago area were John Jones, Henry D. Wagoner,
Correlation between Dt/V derived from ionic dialysance and blood-driven Kt/V of urea in African-American hemodialysis patients, based on body weight and ultrafiltration volume.

Background The Dt/V obtained by using ionic dialysance (D) as a surrogate for urea clearance (K) is a well-validated adjunct measure of hemodialysis adequacy, with a variable level of correlation with urea-based Kt/V. However, this correlation has not been examined based on patients' body size and ultrafiltration (UF) volume during the dialysis session. Methods Simultaneous evaluations of online Dt/V and single-pool variable-volume urea Kt/V were made. Patients were categorized into three subgroups based on their weight ( 30 kg/m2) and UF volume ( 3 L). The correlation between Dt/V and Kt/V was evaluated for the entire cohort per dialysis session in each subgroup. Results Mean Kt/V was greater than the mean Dt/V (1.72 versus 1.50, P 3 L, respectively). A total of 99.3% of patients with Dt/V of >1.2 also had Kt/V >1.2 and 9.5% of those with Dt/V Conclusions There is a moderate degree of correlation between Dt/V and Kt/V in African-American hemodialysis patients, which is impacted by body size and UF volume. A Dt/V of >1.2 strongly predicts adequate dialysis as defined by Kt/V of >1.2.
Optimized phononic crystals for bandGap and metamaterial properties

In this paper we use level set topology optimization to reveal novel phononic crystal topologies which give rise to metamaterial properties including negative and singular effective properties. The level set formalism has been developed on the basis of polynomial functions, the locations of whose zeros control the distribution of material phases. This significantly reduces the number of design variables involved and allows us to search very large design spaces using global optimization techniques. Optimization process reveals that a 2-phase unit cell in which one of the phases is simultaneously lighter and stiffer than the other results in dynamic behavior which has all the attendant characteristics of a locally resonant composite. This behavior is further explored through the use of mode shape analysis. Results presented in this paper are also an example of how purely computational techniques can illuminate novel physical phenomenon.
IWSHM 2017: Application of guided wave methods to quantitatively assess healing in osseointegrated prostheses:

Osseointegrated prosthesis is essentially a prosthetic fixture surgically implanted into the bone that extends out of the limb so that an artificial limb can be attached. While osseointegrated pros...
Agricultural Labor: Labor Market Operation

The farm labor market matches farm workers with farm jobs. All labor markets have three major R-functions – recruitment or getting workers into jobs, remuneration or paying wages to induce workers to perform their jobs, and retention. Agriculture handles these three R-functions differently from nonfarm labor markets by often relying on intermediaries such as contractors to assemble crews of workers and move them from farm to farm, using piece-rate wage systems to motivate workers, and having employers cooperate to flood the labor market with immigrant newcomers, rather than developing mechanisms to identify and retain the best workers on any farm. Most newcomers to the farm workforce are unauthorized foreigners; if unauthorized immigration is reduced, many farm employers would like to hire the same workers as legal guest workers. Unions have had limited effects on the operation of farm labor markets, largely because it is easier for most workers to move out of farm work rather than move up the agricultural job ladder to a better farm job.
Bayesian Network Model of Pilot Response to Collision Avoidance System Resolution Advisories

The effectiveness of an airborne collision avoidance system is influenced by the manner in which pilots respond to the system’s advisories. Current pilot response models used in collision avoidance...
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions--Revisited.

THE readers of the Mathematics Teacher may find the following method of obtaining the derivatives of trigono metric functions an easy but useful past time. We shall first obtain the derivative of the tangent function and then apply it to obtain the derivatives of other trigono metric functions. Let = (cos 0, sin 0) be a point on the unit circle as shown in figure 1. We take to be in the first quadrant, and after we have obtained the derivative of the tan gent function in that particular situation, we show that it really does not matter which quadrant lies in initially?the re sult is the same. It is clear from the diagram that area sector OAP = area OBP -f area region BAP ) that is,
Stroke and Hypertension in High-Risk African Americans

Stroke is a leading cause of death but is preventable. Despite the overall decline of stroke mortality in the past 50 years, it has remained consistently higher in blacks than any other race/ethnic group. Research shows that approximately half of the excess black-to-white disparity in stroke risk is attributable to traditional stroke risk factors, primarily hypertension and diabetes. In addition to higher prevalence of hypertension in blacks, evidence supports that blacks are less likely to have their blood pressure controlled than whites. Recent data show that the impact of uncontrolled hypertension on stroke risk is three times greater for blacks than whites. Ambulatory BP monitoring has uncovered a variety of abnormalities that may predict stroke and are more prevalent in blacks, including masked hypertension, the nocturnal BP pattern, and circadian BP variability. With knowledge of the causes of the reasons for excess risk, interventions can be designed and implemented to reduce the unequal burden of stroke.
ApproxHPVM: a portable compiler IR for accuracy-aware optimizations

We propose ApproxHPVM, a compiler IR and system designed to enable accuracy-aware performance and energy tuning on heterogeneous systems with multiple compute units and approximation methods. ApproxHPVM automatically translates end-to-end application-level quality metrics into accuracy requirements for individual operations. ApproxHPVM uses a hardware-agnostic accuracy-tuning phase to do this translation that provides greater portability across heterogeneous hardware platforms and enables future capabilities like accuracy-aware dynamic scheduling and design space exploration. ApproxHPVM incorporates three main components: (a) a compiler IR with hardware-agnostic approximation metrics, (b) a hardware-agnostic accuracy-tuning phase to identify error-tolerant computations, and (c) an accuracy-aware hardware scheduler that maps error-tolerant computations to approximate hardware components. As ApproxHPVM does not incorporate any hardware-specific knowledge as part of the IR, it can serve as a portable virtual ISA that can be shipped to all kinds of hardware platforms. We evaluate our framework on nine benchmarks from the deep learning domain and five image processing benchmarks. Our results show that our framework can offload chunks of approximable computations to special-purpose accelerators that provide significant gains in performance and energy, while staying within user-specified application-level quality metrics with high probability. Across the 14 benchmarks, we observe from 1-9x performance speedups and 1.1-11.3x energy reduction for very small reductions in accuracy.
Health care worker use of N95 respirators vs medical masks did not differ for workplace-acquired influenza.

Source Citation Radonovich LJ Jr, Simberkoff MS, Bessesen MT, et al. N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;3...
Strategies for Employing Surface Plasmons in Near-Field Optical Readout Systems

We have undertaken a systematic theoretical study of several strategies for applying surface plasmon effects in a near-field optical readout system using an exact Green's tensor formulation. Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed.
Quantitative measurements of intraocular structures including subretinal microinjection bleb volumes using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

Microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (MIOCT) systems allow for 4D visualization of thin, semi-transparent structures during ophthalmic microsurgery. While these visualizations have greatly increased the information available to surgeons, new surgical techniques, such as subretinal injections of gene therapies, would benefit from quantitative measurements of structures imaged using OCT. Calibration of true scan dimensions in OCT is complicated by inter-patient ocular variability as well as poor control of scanner-patient alignment. We introduce novel measurement techniques for calibration and de-warping of OCT imagery which allows for accurate measurement of intraocular structures including subretinal microinjection bleb volumes in the ocular posterior segment.
Localization of Emotional Affect in Electrocorticography Using a Model Based Discrimination Measure

Detailed recordings of brain activity acquired using Electrocorticography (ECoG) sensors offer an opportunity to explore the activity of the human brain. We study the information content of ECoG array data with respect to the emotional affect of the subject. Lognormal spectral models are estimated on data from patients undergoing monitoring for intractable epilepsy. A model based approach for mapping discriminative locations is developed for this problem. Differing spatial sensitivity in the ECoG array allows for retrospective analysis of localized brain activity. Our discriminability measure evaluates the information content at each sensor location relative to Positive and Negative displays of emotional affect. This measure can be approximated by a symmetrized Kullback-Leibler divergence between the estimated models.
Progression of disability benefits: A perspective on multiple sclerosis

This article documents the Progression of Disability Benefits (PODB) for a sample of 201 employees with multiple sclerosis (MS) vs. a large sample of employees with diverse disabilities (n = 77,096) and another neurology group employee sample with epilepsy (n = 59). Among the most interesting findings is the dramatic movement for the MS sample to Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) - 35.3% for the MS sample vs. 3.8% for the general disability sample and 8.5% for the epilepsy sample. Implications of these findings are discussed for better serving the needs of employees with MS onset.
Persistent Bacteriuria and Antibodies Recognizing Curli/eDNA Complexes From Escherichia coli Are Linked to Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective Infections contribute to morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are known to trigger urinary tract infections (UTIs) and form biofilms, which are multicellular communities of bacteria that are strengthened by amyloids such as curli. We previously reported that curli naturally form complexes with bacterial extracellular DNA (eDNA), and these curli/eDNA complexes induce hallmark features of lupus in mouse models. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether anti-curli/eDNA complex antibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE or development of flares in SLE. Methods In total, 96 SLE patients who met at least 4 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics disease criteria were investigated. Anti-curli/eDNA complex antibodies in the plasma were tested for both IgG and IgA subclasses. Results were compared to that in 54 age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Correlations of the levels of anti-curli/eDNA antibodies with clinical parameters, lupus disease status, and frequency of bacteriuria were assessed. Results Anti-curli/eDNA antibodies were detected in the plasma of SLE patients and healthy controls, and their levels correlated with the presence of asymptomatic persistent bacteriuria and occurrence of disease flares in lupus patients. Persistent bacteriuria contained curli-producing UPEC, and this was associated with an inflammatory phenotype. Finally, curli/eDNA complexes cross-reacted with lupus autoantigens, such as double-stranded DNA, in binding autoantibodies. Conclusion These results suggest that UTIs and persistent bacteriuria are environmental triggers of lupus and its flares. Antibodies against curli/eDNA could serve as a sign of systemic exposure to bacterial products in SLE.
A model for a laser-induced cavitation bubble

Abstract The complex mechanism behind the laser-induced cavitation bubble has led to challenges in its modeling. Current models can only predict the radius of the single laser-induced cavitation bubble over one or two growth and collapse cycles. To fill the gap, we propose a new model that takes into account the liquid compressibility, heat transfer, and non-equilibrium evaporation and condensation. Specifically, we use a new approximation of the temperature gradient at the bubble surface. The four unknown physical parameters in the model are found by fitting to the experimentally measured bubble radius. The predicted bubble radius agrees with the experimental measurements within 10% for several cycles of bubble growth and collapse. The calibrated evaporation coefficient is close to 0.04, which agrees with the value reported in the literature. The maximum potential energy of the bubble is found to have a linear relation with the laser energy. The amount of air is found to be less than 1% when the bubble reaches maximum. Our model predicts that the maximum temperature occurs during the first collapse, but the maximum pressure and extension rate can occur at the second collapse depending on the evaporation coefficient. Evaporation and condensation are found to have a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of the bubble. Increasing the amount of non-condensable air in the bubble helps mitigate the collapsing process, and thus, decreases the maximum pressure, temperature, and extension rate.
Visibility and vulnerability in online marketing practices

Due to their perceived role in making content visible, engagement metrics are core concerns for people and businesses that generate revenue on social media platforms. While scholars have focused on...
Morphological and reproductive characterization of nascent allotetraploids cross-compatible with cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Peanut improvement is limited by a narrow genetic base. However, this obstacle can be circumvented by incorporating phenotypic variability from wild, diploid Arachis species through interspecific hybridizations. In this study, four allotetraploid interspecific hybrids IpaCor4x (A. ipaensis × A. correntina), IpaDur4x (A. ipaensis × A. duranensis), IpaSten4x (A. ipaensis × A. stenosperma), and ValSten4x (A. valida × A. stenosperma) were created and morphologically characterized through the following parameters: flower count, flower size, flower banner pigmentation, leaf area and weight, leaf hairiness, main stem height, internode length, percent of reproductive nodes, biomass, 100 pod weight, and 100 seed weight. For every trait, except for flower banner absorption at 380 nm, at least one or more allotetraploids differed from the cultivated peanut control. In general, these allotetraploids had a greater production of flowers during the growing season, larger flowers, larger and hairier leaves, taller main stems, longer primary laterals, longer internodes, lower percentage of reproductive nodes, heavier plant body masses, and smaller seeds and pods. This phenotypic diversity can be utilized directly in ornamental and forage breeding, while for oil and food crop breeding, this diversity will likely need to be selected against while desirable traits such as disease and insect resistance and abiotic stress tolerances derived from the wild diploid species are maintained.
More than Conformity or Resistance: Chinese “Boys’ Love” Fandom in the Age of Internet Censorship

One of the most popular literary and cultural practices particularly in the digital age, “boys’ love” (BL, danmei 耽美) manga and fictional works are fantasies on romantic or homoerotic male-male relationships, and therefore are often naturally associated with homosexuality and pornography, two “morally” suspicious targets of government censorship in the heteronormative Chinese culture. This article aims to examine the various, indeed often opposite, strategies and tactics taken by BL participants and by some conscientious netizens on popular social media to illustrate how those who are under the threat of censorship grapple with harsh reality. In this article I argue that the BL practitioners’ responses to Chinese government’s anti-pornography campaigns are not simply a passive or reluctant “reaction.” I will first study the web adaptation of Priest’s BL story Zhenhun, demonstrating Priest’s as well as her fans’ tactful collaboration with the consumer culture and willing conformity to official discourse. Forming a sharp contrast with Priest’s commercial success, the controversial ten-year jail sentence of another BL writer, Gouwazi Tianyi, for profiting from producing and selling BL fiction has caused widespread outcry from both BL fans and ordinary netizens on Chinese social media. This case not only questions the dated criminal laws on obscene articles, but also challenges the patriarchal and problematic social institutions. 作為數字時代最受歡迎的流行文學和文化實踐，耽美漫畫和虛構作品是對男男浪漫的戀愛關係或性關係的想像，因此常與同性戀和色情聯繫起來。而在以異性戀為正統的中國文化中，常常成為政府審查制度針對的“道德”目標。本文旨在研究耽美參與者和一些有良知的網民在社交媒體上採取的不同甚至相反的策略，以展現人們如何應對嚴酷審查的現實。本文通過研讀網絡耽美劇《鎮魂》的接受情況解讀了耽美作家Priest及其粉絲與消費文化和官方話語的共謀。同時通過探討耽美作家狗娃子天一因寫作和銷售耽美小說而被判刑的案例，展示了耽美參與者和網民對陳舊法律的質疑，以及對父權制的社會制度的挑戰。
Assessment of benzodiazepine dosing strategies for the management of status epilepticus in the emergency department.

Abstract Purpose Although guidelines recommend specific benzodiazepine doses for the treatment of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE), underdosing appears to be common. The purpose of this investigation was to assess benzodiazepine dosing strategies for the initial management of GCSE in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). Methods This was a retrospective review of adult patients who received benzodiazepines in the ED for treatment of GCSE. Characteristics of those achieving seizure cessation following initial benzodiazepine therapy were assessed. Results 222 patients presented to the ED and received 403 doses of benzodiazepines, of which 1.5% conformed with recommendations. First-line therapy was successful in 86.8% of patients with an average dose of 1.6 mg (0.02 mg/kg). No difference in dosing was noted between those experiencing early cessation and those that did not (p = 0.132). Patients experiencing early cessation were significantly less likely to receive further doses, be intubated, or be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or hospital (p Conclusions According to guideline recommendations, there was consistent underdosing of benzodiazepines noted in both prehospital and ED settings. Early seizure cessation and the early receipt of an antiepileptic drug were found to be associated with multiple significant clinical outcomes. Future investigations should explore optimal dosing strategies for benzodiazepines as well as the impact of early antiepileptic drug administration.
Transactional perspectives on occupation

1: Transactional Perspectives on Occupation: An Introduction and Rationale: Malcolm Cutchin and Virginia Dickie.- I. THEORETICAL EXTENSIONS.- 2: Dewey's Concepts of Embodiment, Growth and Occupation: Extended Bases for a Transactional Perspective: Rebecca Aldrich and Malcolm Cutchin.- 3: Being Occupied in the Everyday: Valerie Wright-St. Clair and Elizabeth Smythe.- 4: Resituating the Meaning of Occupation: A Transactional Perspective: Kirk Reed and Clare Hocking.- 5: Conceptual Insights for Expanding Thinking Regarding the Situated Nature of Occupation: Debbie Laliberte Rudman and Suzanne Huot.- 6: Exploring the Transactional Quality of Everyday Occupations Through Narrative-in-Action: Meaning-Making Among Women Living with Chronic Conditions: Sissel Alsaker, Staffan Josephsson and Virginia Dickie.- II. CASE STUDIES: 7: Navigating Cultural Spaces: A Transactional Perspective on Immigration: Shoba Nayar and Clare Hocking.- 8: The Situated Nature of Disability: Sharon Dale Stone.- 9: Place Integration: A Conceptual Tool to Understand the Home Modification Process: Karin Johansson, Malcolm Cutchin and Margareta Lilja.- 10: A Transactional View of Shedding at the Berry Men's Shed: Alison Wicks.- 11: A Transactional Perspective on a Consulting Practice: Lauren Holahan, Laurie Ray and Virginia Dickie.- III. METHODOGOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: 12: Where the Transactions Happen: The Unit of Analysis When Applying a Transactional Perspective: Lena Rosenberg and Karin Johansson.- 13: Ethnography and the Transactional Study of Occupation: Antoine Bailliard, Rebecca Aldrich and Virginia Dickie.- 14: Critical Discourse Analysis: Adding a Political Dimension to Inquiry: Debbie Laliberte Rudman.- 15: Mixed Methods and Pragmatism for Research on Occupation: Kendra Heatwole Shank.- IV. APPLICATIONS: 16: Deweyan Educational Philosophy in Occupation-Centered Curricula: Susan Coppola.- 17: Educational Implications of Taking a Transactional Perspective of Occupation in Practice: Ruth Humphry and Linn Wakeford.- 18: 21st Century Pragmatism and Social Justice: Problematic Situations and Occupational Reconstructions in Post-Civil War Guatemala: Gelya Frank.- 19: Occupational Justice's Intents and Impacts: From Personal Choices to Community Consequences: Rachel Thibeault.- 20: Transactional Perspectives on Occupation: Main Points of Contribution in This Volume: Virginia Dickie and Malcolm Cutchin. .- 19: Occupational Justice's Intents and Impacts: From Personal Choices to Community Consequences: Rachel Thibeault.- 20: Transactional Perspectives on Occupation: Main Points of Contribution in This Volume: Virginia Dickie and Malcolm Cutchin.
A gain-scheduled H/sub /spl infin// control law for a tailless aircraft

Linear parameter varying (LPV) control theory is used to design a gain-scheduled H/sub /spl infin// flight control law for a tailless fighter aircraft. To compensate for the reduced directional stability, the aircraft under consideration has a large number of multi-axis control effectors. A previous gain-scheduled control law design for this tailless aircraft used simple LPV models that allow for straight-forward computation of the controller gains but may sacrifice performance of the resulting control law. This paper describes a new design that incorporates a higher fidelity LPV model in the design process.