cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HC-edit: A Hierarchical Clustering Approach to Data Editing

Many nearest neighbor based classification approaches require that atypical and mislabeled examples be removed from the training dataset in order to achieve high accuracy. Current editing approaches often remove excessive amount of examples from the training set which does not always lead to optimum accuracy rate. We introduce a new editing method, called HC-edit,—for the k-nearest neighbor classifier —that recognizes areas in the dataset of high purities and removes minority class examples from those regions. The proposed method takes hierarchical clusters with purity information as its input. To edit the data, clusters with purities above a user-defined purity threshold are selected and minority class examples are removed from the selected clusters. Experiments carried out on real datasets using trees generated by traditional agglomerative hierarchical approaches, and trees generated by a supervised taxonomy method which incorporates class label information in the clustering process show that the new approach leads to improved accuracy and does well in comparison to other editing methods.
Scheduling in wireless ad hoc networks: algorithms with performance guarantees

The traditional disk graph based approach to wireless ad hoc network scheduling relies on an overly simplified physical layer model. Consequently, it cannot provide any guarantee on the accuracy of the solution. On the other hand, the recent optimization theoretic approach uses more detailed physical layer models for accuracy. However, in this case, the scheduling problem becomes non-convex (or combinatorial), and hence, its solution is computationally intractable. In this context, we attempt to develop computationally efficient scheduling algorithms with performance guarantees. This goal is achieved by utilizing different types of structures in the problem that are relevant to reducing the complexity of scheduling. First, we begin by considering some restrictive conditions such as a low signal to noise ratio or few transmitters, which introduce special algebraic structures. These algebraic structures are successfully utilized to solve the scheduling problem optimally, with complexity lower than that indicated by the pure optimization approach. Next, we design algorithms applicable to more general and larger ad hoc networks. The key to the design of such algorithms is the special geometric structure, resulting from the physical properties of the wireless medium. We apply appropriate algorithmic techniques so that the geometric structure can be exploited to trade off the accuracy of the algorithm and its complexity. Consequently, approximation algorithms with complexity polynomial in the number of links n are obtained. Finally, we design a very low complexity (O(n2 log n)) algorithm with a probabilistic guarantee, utilizing the stochastic symmetry in a random network with independent and identically distributed links. A probabilistic analysis shows that, with high probability, the number of channels required by the algorithm is of the same order as the minimum required number of channels. In addition to the mathematical analysis proving these theoretical results, some simulations are performed for various ad hoc network scenarios. The obtained results demonstrate the practical utility of the presented algorithms as a wireless ad hoc network design tool.
Elevated Factor VIII Levels Associated with Acute Graft Occlusion and Arterial and Venous Thrombosis After Off Pump CABG.

Factor VIII is a common acute phase reactant and elevated levels confer an increased risk of thrombosis. Such thrombotic events have been documented in the literature, though to a limited extent. We present the case of a 54-year-old man presenting with a non–Q-wave myocardial infarction who was found to have triple vessel disease and subsequently underwent a 4-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Postoperatively, he was found to have multiple occluded vessels, deep vein thromboses, and a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A hypercoagulability work-up revealed significantly elevated levels of factor VIII at 377% normal, which likely contributed to these thrombotic events. Further exploration is warranted to elucidate causal mechanisms of these thrombotic events, particularly of multiple graft occlusions, and to guide clinical decision making with regards to anticoagulation and stent management.
Expression of Antibiosis to the Bollworm in Two Soybean Genotypes1234

The mortality of Heliothis zea (Boddie) ranged from 55–100% when larvae were fed leaves of 2 resistant genotypes (PI 229358 and ED 73-375) of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in laboratory tests; mortality occurred primarily in 5th–8th instars. Other expressions of antibiosis demonstrated by the larvae included additional molts reduced weight, and longer developmental period than occurred when leaves of the susceptible cultivars, ‘Bragg’ and ‘Davis,’ were fed. Adult females from bollworm larvae fed PI 229358 and ED 73-375 oviposited significantly fewer eggs than those from larvae fed Bragg and Davis, but the number of spermatophores per female, the lengths of the oviposition period, and the total longevities were similar for females from the 4 diets. Adult males from larvae fed the resistant genotypes lived significantly longer than those from larvae fed the susceptible cultivars.
The Impact of Pooling on Throughput Time in Discretionary Work Settings

We conduct an empirical investigation on the impact of pooling demand on throughput times in a discretionary work setting. We use an Emergency Department’s (ED) patient-level data (N = 234,334) from 2007 to 2010 to test our hypotheses. We find that when the ED’s work system had pooled demand, patients’ lengths of stay were longer than when the ED converted to having dedicated demand. More specifically, we find that dedicated systems resulted in a 9 percent overall decrease in length of stay, which corresponds to a 25-minute reduction in length of stay for an average patient of medium severity in this ED. We propose that the improved performance comes from a reduction in social loafing. This benefit outweighs the expected efficiency gains from pooling that are commonly predicted by queuing theory.
Microglial Responses to Blood Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuroinflammatory Disease

Intravital spinal cord imaging in neuroinflammation identified early microglial responses around disrupted blood vessels. Coagulation activity is required for perivascular microglial activation and neuronal damage, and correlates with vascular disruption, lesion formation and disease severity.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS : WHICH ARE LIFE-THREATENING AND WHICH ARE NOT?

PreviewAdverse reactions occur acutely or some time after the fact in 20% of all blood transfusions. Since reactions are so common, it is important to recognize quickly whether the reaction is easily correctable or serious enough to force discontinuation or modification of treatment. The authors present a practical discussion of the topic, classifying reactions in terms of clinical presentation rather than pathophysiologic description.
Inhibition of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis by 16α-Fluoro-5-Androsten-17-One

The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) produces cancer-preventive, antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory effects in laboratory animals. The clinical use of DHEA is limited by its androgenicity. We have developed a synthetic congener of DHEA called fluasterone that, in animal tests, lacks the androgenicity, estrogenicity, and peroxisome-proliferating effects of DHEA but retains the cancer-preventive, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory efficacy. This report discusses how fluasterone ameliorates the development of joint inflammation in an adjuvant-arthritis model in Lewis rats.
Time of Zeranol Implantation on Growth, Reproduction and Calving of Beef Heifers

Zeranol implants were administered to 250 crossbred heifer calves at 1, 6 or 9 mo of age to evaluate growth, reproduction and calving performance. Heifers were assigned to eight treatment groups with 25 animals per group. Two additional groups of 25 heifers each were used to study the effects of multiple implants at two levels of nutrition on heifer performance. Implants at 1 mo of age (branding) increased heifer weights at 6 mo of age (weaning) by 5 kg (P = .08). Heifers receiving a combination of two implants gained faster (P less than .05) from weaning to breeding (6 to 13 mo) than controls or heifers implanted three times. Implants at either 6 or 9 mo increased (P less than .05) precalving pelvic areas (247 vs 241 cm2 and 248 vs 240 cm2 over controls, respectively). Implants did not affect the percent of heifers reaching puberty prior to breeding season. Conception rates in 62 d of breeding were comparable for implanted and control heifers (93 vs 96%), with the exception of heifers receiving implants at both 1 and 6 mo of age (56%). Calf birth weight, dystocia score, cow rebreeding rate and calf weaning weight were not affected by implant treatments. Heifers that received three implants and were fed at a high nutritional level (gained .62 vs .49 kg/d for regular level after weaning) tended (P greater than .10) to reach puberty at a higher rate prior to breeding and to have a higher total conception rate than implanted heifers on the regular nutrition level.
The Parallelogram Rule from Pseudo-Aristotle to Newton

The history of the Parallelogram Rule for composing physical quantities, such as motions and forces, is marked by conceptual difficulties leading to false starts and halting progress. In particular, authors resisted the required assumption that the magnitude and the direction of a quantity can interact and are jointly necessary to represent the quantity. Consequently, the origins of the Rule cannot be traced to Pseudo-Aristotle or Stevin, as commonly held, but to Fermat, Hobbes, and subsequent developments in the latter part of the seventeenth century.
Exosomes in Cancer Diagnostics.

Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30–120 nm size ranges. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids into recipient cells. While exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, cancer derived exosomes not only influence the invasive potentials of proximally located cells, but also affect distantly located tissues. Based on their ability to alter tumor microenvironment by regulating immunity, angiogenesis and metastasis, there has been growing interest in defining the clinical relevance of exosomes in cancers. In particular, exosomes are valuable sources for biomarkers due to selective cargo loading and resemblance to their parental cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings to utilize exosomes as cancer biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis and therapy selection.
Fatigue behavior of thermal sprayed WC-CoCr- steel systems: Role of process and deposition parameters

Abstract Thermal spray deposited WC-CoCr coatings are extensively used for surface protection of wear prone components in a variety of applications. Although the primary purpose of the coating is wear and corrosion protection, many of the coated components are structural systems (aero landing gear, hydraulic cylinders, drive shafts etc.) and as such experience cyclic loading during service and are potentially prone to fatigue failure. It is of interest to ensure that the coating and the application process does not deleteriously affect the fatigue strength of the parent structural metal. It has long been appreciated that the relative fatigue life of a thermal sprayed component can be affected by the residual stresses arising from coating deposition. The magnitude of these stresses can be managed by torch processing parameters and can also be influenced by deposition effects, particularly the deposition temperature. In this study, the effect of both torch operating parameters (particle states) and deposition conditions (notably substrate temperature) were investigated through rotating bending fatigue studies. The results indicate a strong influence of process parameters on relative fatigue life, including credit or debit to the substrate's fatigue life measured via rotating bend beam studies. Damage progression within the substrate was further explored by stripping the coating off part way through fatigue testing, revealing a delay in the onset of substrate damage with more fatigue resistant coatings but no benefit with coatings with inadequate properties. The results indicate that compressive residual stress and adequate load bearing capability of the coating (both controlled by torch and deposition parameters) delay onset of substrate damage, enabling fatigue credit of the coated component.
Fixturing Feature Recognition for Computer-aided Fixture Design

Abstract Flexible fixturing is an important issue in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and computer-integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS). Application of modular fixture systems is a solution of flexible fixturing. One difficulty in applying modular fixtures is the complexity of their design and assembly. This paper presents a group technology (GT) based computer-aided design (CAD) system for modular fixture designs. A new coding system with fixturing information is proposed for identifying fixturing features of the pan. Based on the concept of GT, a fixture design database is developed to acquire and accumulate expert knowledge, and to retrieve the fixture designs made by experienced people for a new fixture design. A user fixture component database can be used to generate fixture designs and a graphics output including a fixture component list. Compared with other fixturing CAD systems in literature, this is an application-oriented CAD system for industry, which can be used to deal with complex fixturing problems. In this paper, GT based identifications of fixture features are emphasized, and the structure of the computer-aided fixture design system is introduced. An implementation example is presented.
A New Species of Pterynotus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from the Eocene Ocala Limestone of Florida

A new species of gastropod belonging to the genus Pterynotus is described herein from the middle to late Eocene Ocala Limestone of Florida. Vokes (1970, p.11) first reported the occurrence of Pterynotusfrom the Ocala Limestone based upon a single specimen, discovered in 1961 by R.D. Suttkus, from a quarry complex near the town of Newberry, Alachua County, Florida (Tulane University locality TU449). Awaiting additional material, Vokes (1970) made a preliminary identification of the specimen.
Use of Google Trends to Examine Interest in Mohs Micrographic Surgery: 2004 to 2016.

Background Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the gold standard for treatment of high-risk skin cancers. There has been an upward trend in the use of this procedure as demonstrated by data from Medicare and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Objective To assess interest in MMS among members of the general public as measured by number of online searches, and how that interest has changed over time. Materials and methods Google Trends was used to plot interest in search terms including "Mohs surgery," "basal cell carcinoma," "squamous cell carcinoma," "melanoma," and "skin cancer" from January 1, 2004, to November 30, 2016. Results Search interest for the term "Mohs surgery" has steadily increased since 2004 and correlates closely with increased interest for "basal cell carcinoma" (r = 0.82) and "squamous cell carcinoma" (r = 0.85). Search interest in MMS did not correlate well with searches for melanoma (r = -0.15) or skin cancer (r = -0.29). Conclusion Public interest in MMS has continued to steadily increase in the United States, which may be a reflection of the increasing volume of MMS that is performed.
Protocols and Pilot Studies: Taking Data Collection Projects Seriously

Although there is consensus among statistics educators that student data collection projects are of substantial value, we feel that the planning and piloting phases of data collection are often neg...
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF APIXABAN VERSUS WARFARIN ARE PRESERVED IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND EXTREMELY HIGH BODY WEIGHT: INSIGHTS FROM THE ARISTOTLE STUDY

Recent guidelines caution against the use of non-vitamin K antagonists oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with extremely high body weight (≥120 kg) due to lack of data in this population. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of apixaban versus warfarin in heavy patients with atrial
Pilot Data on the Nature of Trauma Exposure in Military Couples

Using a sample of 50 couples, this pilot study examined the associations between service member and spouse PTSD symptoms on both self and partner relationship quality across trauma-type (i.e., interpersonal, non-interpersonal, military) and perpetrator-type (i.e., family member, non-family member, military) groups. Four multiple-group actor-partner interdependence models were used to analyze the actor and partner effects of husband and wives’ PTSD symptoms and relationship quality, as couples were classified into distinct groups. Results suggest that under some conditions, husband and wife PTSD symptoms were negatively associated with both their own and their partner’s relationship quality. Findings from these preliminary analyses invite a more dynamic conceptualization of the possible relationship between PTSD, relationship quality, and distinct facets of trauma exposure in veteran couples.
Multiple model trajectory generation for uncertain target spin direction

Multiple concepts have emerged that require the docking of two or more spacecrafts, including autonomous robotic servicing and assembly of orbiting assets, and the active removal of space debris. Successful dockings require that the Target's spin rate and direction be determined so that approach trajectories may be computed. Remote sensing from ground stations or distant satellite observations can provide important data for the Chaser satellite, such as the spin rate or amount of tumbling by the Target. Optical light curves are a basic method of determining the period of a Target's rotation. To avoid recomputing the approach trajectory based on updated spin rate or direction data and reduce the computational complexity required to generate a fuel efficient approach trajectory, a means of generating trajectories robust to the spin direction must be developed. This paper presents the multiple model approach, in which training models representing potential spin rates and directions are weighted by their likelihood of representing the true behavior of the Target, for synchronous trajectories. While not fuel or time optimal, the synchronous multiple model trajectory keeps the docking location in the field of view of the Chaser's rendezvous sensors throughout the trajectory while trading performance from the nominal model for robustness across a range of models. Further, the Targets in this analysis are taken to be rigid, uncooperative, and passively tumbling. The paper presents the application of the multiple model approach to docking trajectory generation. In doing so, it compares both the optimal approach trajectory and robust, multiple model trajectory for uncertainty in the spin direction. This paper also assesses several tuning parameters that engineers may use to trade the computational complexity, fuel cost, and robustness of the resulting multiple model trajectory for use in future missions. The processes discussed in the paper therefore can be applied to additional future mission scenarios beyond the case study of a single Chaser approaching a single Target.
Dynamics of Merging Galaxy Clusters from Simulated Analogs

Merging galaxy clusters may provide a unique window into the behavior of dark matter and the evolution of member galaxies. To interpret these natural collider experiments we must account for how much time has passed since pericenter passage (TSP), the maximum relative speed of the merging subclusters, merger phase (outbound after first pericenter or returning for second pericenter), and other dynamical parameters that are not directly observable. These quantities are often inferred from staged simulations or analytical timing arguments that include neither substructure, large-scale structure, nor a cosmologically motivated range of impact parameters. We include all these effects by extracting dynamical parameters from analog systems in a cosmological n-body simulation, and we present constraints for 11 observed systems. The TSP and viewing angles we derive are consistent with those of staged hydrodynamical simulations, but we find lower maximum speeds. Compared to the analytical MCMAC method we find lower TSP, and viewing angles that put the separation vector closer to the plane of the sky; we attribute this to the MCMAC assumption of zero pericenter distance. We discuss potential extensions to the basic analog method as well as complementarities between methods.
Epidemiology of falls and fall-related injuries among middle-aged adults with kidney disease

Comorbidities, such as kidney disease (CKD), increase the likelihood of falls and fall-related injuries. Despite the focus of most research in this population on older adults, falls are a significant cause of injury throughout adulthood. Therefore, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of falls in middle-aged adults with kidney diseases. We analyzed falls and fall-related injuries among middle-aged adults (45–65 years old) with and without CKD included in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) utilizing multivariate logistic regression and complex sample survey data analysis procedures. Middle-aged adults with CKD were more likely to suffer a fall (2.30, 95% CI 2.07–2.55) and a fall-related injury (1.54, 95% CI 1.32–1.80) compared to those without CKD. However, only the increased likelihood for falls remained significant after correction for multiple demographic, health, lifestyle, and comorbid conditions (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08–1.39). Among adults with CKD, general health status, smoking, and total comorbidity scores were significant predictors of falls and fall-related injuries (p < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, individual comorbidities such as COPD, asthma, depressive disorders, stroke, and arthritis also predicted falls and fall-related injuries (p < 0.05 for all). Middle-aged adults with CKD were more likely than those without CKD to fall and suffer a fall-related injury. However, injury risk did not remain elevated after accounting for differences between groups. The presence of comorbidities, especially depressive disorders, was associated with increased odds for falls and fall-related injuries. Given the high prevalence of depression among adults with CKD, the relationship between depression and falls warrants further examination.
Use of electronic medical records to conduct surveillance of malaria among Peace Corps volunteers.

Objective The Peace Corps' disease surveillance for Peace Corps Volunteers (PCVs) was incorporated into an electronic medical records (EMR) system in 2015. We evaluated this EMR-based surveillance system, focusing particularly on malaria as it is deadly but preventable. Materials and methods In 2016, we administered a survey to Peace Corps Medical Officers (PCMOs), who manage PCVs' medical care, and semistructured phone interviews to headquarters staff. We assessed the structure of the surveillance system and its utility to stakeholders, evaluated surveillance case definitions for malaria, and compared clinical information in the EMR for malaria cases captured by surveillance during the first half of 2016. Results Of 131 PCMOs, 77 (59%) completed the survey. Of 53 respondents in malaria-endemic nations, 98% believed most PCVs contact them about possible malaria. Of 134 cases with a malaria clinical diagnosis in the EMR between January and August 2016, 58 (43% sensitivity) were reported to the surveillance system by PCMOs. The remaining cases in the surveillance system were added during data cleaning, which is time-intensive. Among the 48 malaria cases identified by surveillance between January and June 2016, positive predictive value was 67%. Discussion Areas for improvement include streamlining PCMO documentation, refining case definitions, and improving data quality. With such improvements, surveillance data can be used to inform epidemiological analysis, clinical care, health education, and policy. Conclusion The EMR is an important tool for malaria surveillance among PCVs and, with the refinements mentioned, could serve as a framework for other multinational organizations to monitor their staff.
Non-parametric correction of estimated gene trees using TRACTION

Estimated gene trees are often inaccurate, due to insufficient phylogenetic signal in the single gene alignment, among other causes. Gene tree correction aims to improve the accuracy of an estimated gene tree by using computational techniques along with auxiliary information, such as a reference species tree or sequencing data. However, gene trees and species trees can differ as a result of gene duplication and loss (GDL), incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), and other biological processes. Thus gene tree correction methods need to take estimation error as well as gene tree heterogeneity into account. Many prior gene tree correction methods have been developed for the case where GDL is present. Here, we study the problem of gene tree correction where gene tree heterogeneity is instead due to ILS and/or HGT. We introduce TRACTION, a simple polynomial time method that provably finds an optimal solution to the RF-optimal tree refinement and completion (RF-OTRC) Problem, which seeks a refinement and completion of a singly-labeled gene tree with respect to a given singly-labeled species tree so as to minimize the Robinson−Foulds (RF) distance. Our extensive simulation study on 68,000 estimated gene trees shows that TRACTION matches or improves on the accuracy of well-established methods from the GDL literature when HGT and ILS are both present, and ties for best under the ILS-only conditions. Furthermore, TRACTION ties for fastest on these datasets. We also show that a naive generalization of the RF-OTRC problem to multi-labeled trees is possible, but can produce misleading results where gene tree heterogeneity is due to GDL.
Two-Stream Multi-Channel Convolutional Neural Network for Multi-Lane Traffic Speed Prediction Considering Traffic Volume Impact:

Traffic speed prediction is a critically important component of intelligent transportation systems. Recently, with the rapid development of deep learning and transportation data science, a growing ...
Achieving Rigor in Qualitative Analysis: The Role of Active Categorization in Theory Building

Scholars have long debated how rigor can be achieved in qualitative analysis. To answer this question, we need to better understand how theory is generated from data. Qualitative analysis is, at it...
The Effects of Cross-Border Cooperation on Disclosure Enforcement and Earnings Attributes

This study tests for changes in U.S.-listed foreign firms’ financial reporting properties and transparency when their home market regulators enter an arrangement that facilitates enforcement cooperation with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This arrangement—the International Organization of Securities Commissions’ Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Consultation and Cooperation and the Exchange of Information (MMoU)—has explicit disclosure-related provisions. I show that the MMoU is associated with improvements across various measures of accounting properties and transparency. Collectively, the findings help resolve enduring questions about why the earnings quality of U.S.-listed foreign firms diverged from that of U.S. firms during pre-MMoU periods.
Progress and Limitations in the Treatment of Complex PTSD and Developmental Trauma Disorder

This review describes treatments that have been developed (or adapted from treatment models for posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) for Complex PTSD (cPTSD) in adulthood and developmental trauma disorder (DTD) in childhood. The nascent research evidence-base is reviewed and future directions are discussed. Numerous psychotherapy treatments are in the early stages of clinical testing and dissemination for symptoms of cPTSD (emotion dysregulation, interpersonal detachment, altered self-perception) and the additional symptoms of DTD (interpersonal, somatic, and behavioral dysregulation and dissociation). There is indirect evidence, primarily based on reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms (but not cPTSD or DTD symptoms specifically), of efficacy for varied approaches to trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in randomized controlled trials with adults and children with histories of developmentally adverse traumatic childhood experiences (e.g., abuse, violence). No approaches to pharmacotherapy have been systematically developed or tested for adult cPTSD or childhood DTD. Despite a rapidly growing array of promising approaches to psychotherapy for cPTSD and DTD, the absence of formal diagnostic criteria for cPTSD and DTD has limited efforts to conduct scientific evaluations of the efficacy of these treatments. As treatment models continue to be created, refined, and disseminated, the recent development and validation of psychometric assessment measures for cPTSD (the International Trauma Questionnaire; ITQ) and DTD (the Developmental Trauma Disorder Semi-structured Interview; DTD-SI) is a crucial catalyst for rigorous outcome research that can lead to a robust cPTSD and DTD treatment outcome evidence-base and a precision health approach to treatment.
Effects of Child Protective Custody Status and Health Risk Behaviors on Health Care Use Among Adolescents.

Abstract Objective To determine whether current protective custody status (ie, youth currently in the temporary or permanent custody of child protective services, eg, foster and kinship care) contributes to increased health care utilization compared to youth never in protective custody. Health characteristics (eg, mental health diagnoses) and behaviors (eg, substance use) were expected to account for differences in health care use among the two groups. Methods Retrospective child welfare administrative data and linked electronic health records data were collected from a county's child welfare system and affiliated freestanding children's hospital between 2012 and 2017. Youth currently in protective custody (n = 2787) were identified and demographically matched to peers never in custody (n = 2787) who received health care from the same children's hospital. Health care use, health risk behaviors, and social, demographic, and diagnostic data were extracted and compared for both cohorts. Results In baseline models, health care use was higher for youth in protective custody compared to peers. In adjusted models that included health risk behaviors and patient characteristics, protective custody status was associated with decreased primary and missed care, and no longer a significant predictor of other types of health care use. Conclusions Youth had significantly higher utilization while in protective custody than their demographically similar peers; however, health risk behaviors appear to account for most group differences. Identification of current custody status in pediatric settings and addressing health risk behaviors in this population may be important for health care systems interested in altering health care use and/or cost for this population.
Morphological response of variable river discharge and wave forcing at a bar-built estuary

Abstract Observations of morphological evolution at Carmel River State Beach, Carmel, CA, USA, were made during two winter periods where the estuary underwent transitions from closed to open states episodically during each observation period. However, each winter was climatologically distinct: the first (Dec 2016–May 2017) was a high river discharge year (several events >200 m3/s) with westerly offshore waves and the second (Dec 2017–May 2018) was a low river discharge year with northwesterly offshore waves. The morphological response of the beach was measured using Structure-from-Motion from both aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and shows two distinct seasonal trends. The first (in 2016–2017) indicates rapid (hours) and frequent (days-weeks) migration of the river breach channel across the span of the beach. The second (in 2017–2018) indicates no migration of the initial breach channel, despite multiple breach events. Analysis of the offshore wave energy using the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) hindcast model results indicate a stronger longshore wave radiation stress during the migratory breach year. In addition, discharge rates during this year were more than three times stronger than the non-migratory year, indicating a stronger offshore jet from the breach site. These observations support the hypothesis that migration requires both a strong river discharge and a longshore wave radiation stress component.
CEAZ: Accelerating Parallel I/O Via Hardware-Algorithm Co-Designed Adaptive Lossy Compression

As parallel computers continue to grow to exascale, the amount of data that needs to be saved or transmitted is exploding. To this end, many previous works have studied using error-bounded lossy compressors to reduce the data size and improve the I/O performance. However, little work has been done for effectively offloading lossy compression onto FPGA-based SmartNICs to reduce the compression overhead. In this paper, we propose a hardware-algorithm co-design for an efficient and adaptive lossy compressor for scientific data on FPGAs (called CEAZ), which is the first lossy compressor that can achieve high compression ratios and throughputs simultaneously. Specifically, we propose an efficient Huffman coding approach that can adaptively update Huffman codewords online based on codewords generated offline, from a variety of representative scientific datasets. Moreover, we derive a theoretical analysis to support a precise control of compression ratio under an error-bounded compression mode, enabling accurate offline Huffman codewords generation. This also helps us create a fixed-ratio compression mode for consistent throughput. In addition, we develop an efficient compression pipeline by adopting cuSZ's dual-quantization algorithm to our hardware use cases. Finally, we evaluate CEAZ on five real-world datasets with both a single FPGA board and 128 nodes (to accelerate parallel I/O). Experiments show that CEAZ outperforms the second-best FPGA-based lossy compressor by 2X of throughput and 9.6X of ratio. It also improves MPI_File_write and MPI_Gather throughputs by up to 28.1X and 36.9X, respectively.
The impact of party-constituent relationships on executive and legislative influence over policymaking:

In this analysis, we examine the effect of party-voter linkages on executive and legislative influence over policymaking in democracies throughout the world. We expect committees in legislatures wi...
Participation in the city: A typology of open government data use

Open Government Data (OGD) is defined broadly as any online publication of government documents, and more specifically as government data sets structured for public consumption and reuse. OGD proponents proclaim its benefits: government transparency, increased civic participation, and more efficient, sustainable cities. Critics point out that access to data is not enough: a sophisticated degree of information literacy is required to use OGD effectively for civic agendas. On either side of the debate, what is often missing is a more empirical understanding of who uses OGD and for what purposes. This poster presents preliminary research on methods that might aid in sifting through the civic uses of OGD. I focus on OGD related to city planning in the United States, namely data on air quality, public transit, and housing, to build a classification of OGD usage and to ask how these data sets might be deployed to enhance civic life.
Structure-Function of CD36 and Evidence for its Role in Facilitating Membrane Fatty Acid Transport

CD36 (also known as GPIV, GPIIIb, PAS IV, and FAT) is an integral membrane glycoprotein with a wide cellular distribution. It has been identified on the surface of megakaryocytes, erythroid precursors, platelets, monocytes, dendritic cells, adipocytes, myocytes, retinal and mammary epithelial cells, and endothelial cells of the microvasculature and small intestine. Depending upon the cellular context, CD36 may perform its primary role as a mediator of fatty acid (FA) uptake, a cell adhesion molecule, or a class B scavenger receptor. This remarkable versatility may reflect both the diverse tissue distribution of CD36 and its ability to interact with a wide variety of ligands. CD36 binds long-chain FA with high affinity and is a major facilitator of FA uptake in muscle and adipose tissues. As a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and collagens type I and IV, CD36 acts as an adhesion molecule modulating platelet aggregation and the cell–cell interactions important for recruitment and trafficking of monocytes to damaged tissues. In a pathological context, CD36 is the receptor in the microvasculature for the Plasmodium falciparum protein expressed on the surface of malaria-infected erythrocytes and as a result contributes to the virulence of this form of malaria. In macrophages and dendritic cells, CD36 is a scavenger receptor important to recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. On macrophages it is also the major receptor mediating binding and internalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), a role reflecting its ability to bind anionic phospholipids as well as lipids or proteins modified by lipid peroxidation. Because of the varied roles of CD36, a great deal has been discovered about this protein. With functions impacting on lipid metabolism, atherogenesis and thrombosis, inflammation, platelet function, the pathogenesis of malaria and even angiogenesis, further study of the physiology and molecular interactions of CD36 will no doubt continue to progress at a rapid pace. This chapter presents an overview of current knowledge with particular emphasis given to the role of CD36 in lipid metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. 3
Translation of R17 RNA by Escherichia coli ribosomes. Initiator transfer RNA-directed binding of 30 S subunits to the starting codon of the coat protein gene.

Abstract 1. (1) Active ribosomes (tight vacant 50 S/30 S couples) not contaminated with subunits require factors IF-2 and IF-3 for initiation. 2. (2) Requirements for the formation of a 40 S initiation complex consisting of intact R17 RNA and fMet-tRNA bound to the 30 S subunit are fully satisfied by IF-3 alone, if 50 S subunits are absent. The 40 S complex, obtained in yields of up to 30% of the 30 S subunits added, is stable in sucrose gradients at 15 m m -Mg 2+ without fixation with glutaraldehyde. In the presence of 50 S subunits and GTP, the 40 S complex is converted quantitatively at 0 °C into a 76 S complex that is fully reactive with puromycin. 3. (3) In the presence of strongly associating 50 S-a subunits, IF-2 and GTP in addition to IF-3 are required for formation of the 40 S complex because IF-2 and GTP prevent reassociation of subunits by enhancing the binding of fMet-tRNA and IF-3 to the 30 S subunit in the absence of messenger. Optimal formation of the mRNA-free 30 S · fMet-tRNA complex, demonstrable on sucrose gradients even without fixation by glutaraldehyde, requires all three initiation factors and GTP. 4. (4) Binding of mRNA to 30 S subunits in the absence of initiator tRNA, observed on sucrose gradients after fixation, appears to be unspecific because it is not dependent on initiation factors. The results are compatible only with a model (Noll & Noll, 1972) in which the binding of initiator tRNA to the 30 S subunit directs the binding of the mRNA initiator codon. From these and earlier findings we visualise the sequence of assembly of an initiation complex between Escherichia coli ribosomes and R17 RNA as follows: (i) 70 S + IF-1 → 30 S · IF-1 + 50 S (Noll, 1972; Noll & Noll, 1972), (ii) 30 S · IF-1 + IF-3 → 30 S · IF-1,3, (iii) 30 S · IF-1,3 + fMet-tRNA · IF-2 · GTP → 30 S · IF-1,2,3 · GTP · fMet-tRNA, (iv) 30 S · IF-1,2,3 · GTP · fMet-tRNA + mRNA → 40 S 1 + IF-3, (v) 40 S 1 + 50 S → 76 S 1 + IF-1,2 + GDP.
Niobium & Tantalum: Organometallic Chemistry

This review highlights leading literature in syntheses, characterization, structures, and reactivities of organometallic complexes of niobium and tantalum between 1993 and early 2003. Such complexes include monometallic and bimetallic species. The applications of niobium and tantalum organometallic complexes in catalysis and metal-mediated organic synthesis are discussed as well. Keywords: review; niobium; tantalum; organometallic complexes; synthesis; reactivity; carbonyls; isocyanides; phosphaalkynes; azides; σ complexes; hydrides; alkylidenes; alkylidynes; η2-alkene, alkyne and benzyne complexes; η2-acyls; η2-iminoacryls; CO2, isocyanate, and related complexes; ketene and ketenimine complexes; ketone; aldehyde; imine complexes; η2-arene; η2-pyridine; metallacyclic complexes; carbocyclic, ene, enyl and related ligands; heterobimetallic clusters; catalysis; metal-mediated organic synthesis
Empowering Social Workers for Practice with Vulnerable Older Adults, by Barbara A. Soniat and Monica Melady Micklos

What conditions require a geriatric social worker to supersede a client's right to self-determination and set in motion an involuntary intervention? In Empowering Social Workers for Practice with V...
Lymph Node Dissection for Carcinoma of the Esophagus

The controversy surrounding the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer focuses, almost exclusively, on the extent of lymph node dissection required during esophagectomy. The majority view holds that an extended or a radical lymph node dissection will not improve overall or disease-free survival because the disease is systemic at the time of diagnosis and that long-term outcomes are largely determined by the biological behavior of the tumor; an issue that cannot be influenced by the extent of surgical dissection. Advocates of this view embrace the conventional techniques of esophageal resection where the esophagus is extracted from its mediastinal bed along with the adjacent periesophageal and lesser curvature nodes. This extent of lymph node excision is easily achieved by either a transhiatal or a transthoracic approach and thus, the terms transhiatal or transthoracic are descriptive only of the means of surgical access rather than the extent of lymph node dissection which is, for all intents and purposes, similar in extent.
Making the energy transition in rural east Africa: Is leapfrogging an alternative?

Abstract There is renewed optimism about the potential for leapfrogging in the rural energy sector of East Africa. By adopting highly efficient and renewable technologies many believe the region can rapidly bypass the conventional path of energy development and skip directly into the use of more efficient and environmentally friendly technologies. This study explores the potential for energy leapfrogging by examining three technological approaches targeted at rural households in East Africa: conventional grid expansion, renewable energy technologies supplying electricity, and improved cookstoves. The study identifies economic, social, political, and cultural factors limiting the ability of rural people to rapidly switch into using and/or supplying these technologies. The potential for leapfrogging may be overstated by planners and experts who focus on the technical and economic viability of the technologies while insufficiently considering the social conditions and economic realities of daily life in the region. Moreover, energy leapfrogging itself is considered a misconception. Energy transitions in rural areas are incremental processes—not leaps—dependent upon household and regional accumulations of technological capabilities. These capabilities have technical, organizational, and institutional components and are manifest in individuals' capacity to adapt to new technologies, their ability to take economic risks, and in their desire to modify their behavior. In designing technology dissemination or energy supply projects, planners must thoroughly account for the capabilities existing in rural areas.
QUALITY OF THE THREE-BODY WAVE FUNCTION OBTAINED WITH THE UNITARY POLE APPROXIMATION.

Abstract It is shown that the three-body wavefunction obtained by means of the unitarity pole approximation to the Reid potential retains the main features of the wavefunction obtained via the local Reid potential. The three-body s-state wavefunction is examined as a function of the spectator particle coordinate ρ3 and the two-body relative coordinate r 12 , by calculating charge and magnetic form factors and the two-body correlation function in the three-body system. We have calculated also the Coulomb energy of 3He and found it to be 0.644 MeV.
Biological oceanography: Life in the deepest depths

Deep abyssal clay sediments in organic-poor regions of the ocean present challenging conditions for life. Techniques for identifying cells at extremely low concentrations demonstrate that aerobic microbes are found throughout these deep clays in as much of 37% of the global ocean.
The effect of various dietary fats on skin tumor initiation

Abstract The type of dietary fat has been shown to modulate the initiation stage of mammary tumorigenesis, with saturated fat fed before and/or during carcinogen treatment resulting in increased tumor incidence. This study was designed to determine whether different types of dietary fat alter the initiation stage of skin carcinogenesis by use of the initiation‐promotion mouse skin carcinogenesis model. Sencar mice were divided into three groups and maintained on one of the experimental diets. The AIN‐76‐based diets consisted of 10% total fat with various types of fat: 8.5% menhaden oil plus 1.5% corn oil, 8.5% coconut oil plus 1.5% corn oil, and 10% corn oil. After three weeks mice were initiated with 10 nmol dimethyl‐benz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Two weeks later, all mice were switched to a diet containing 5% corn oil. Promotion began four weeks after initiation with twice‐weekly application of 1 μg 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate and continued for 12 weeks. No statistically significant differences in k...
Potentials and burdens: a reply to Giubilini and Minerva

This article responds to Giubilini and Minerva's article 'After birth abortion: why should the baby live?' published in the Journal of Medical Ethics. They argue for the permissibility of 'after-birth abortion', based on two conjoined considerations: (1) the fetus or newborn, though a 'potential person', is not an actual person, because it is not mature enough to appreciate its own interests, and (2) because we allow parents to terminate the life of a fetus when it is diagnosed with a deformity or fatal illness because of the burden it will place on the child, parent, family or society we should also allow parents to do the same to their newborn, since it is no more a person than the fetus. The author critiques this case by pointing out (a) the metaphysical ambiguity of potential personhood and (b) why the appeal to burdens is irrelevant or unnecessary.