cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting dual signaling pathways in concert with immune checkpoints for the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer harbors a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective systemic therapies. Here we interrogated means to target key effector pathways down-stream from KRAS. We found that combination treatment with MEK and CDK4/6 inhibitors was effective across a broad range of PDX models in delaying tumor progression. These effects were associated with stable cell cycle arrest, as well as the induction of multiple genes associated with interferon response and antigen presentation in an RB-dependent fashion. Using single cell sequencing and complementary approaches, we found that the combination of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition had a significant impact on increasing T-cell infiltration and altering myeloid populations, while potently cooperating with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Together, these data indicate that there are canonical and non-canonical features of CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition that impact on the tumor and host that can contribute to durable control for tumors in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
The Transformation of the Pope: The Agony and The Ecstasy (1965) and The Second Vatican Council (1962-65)

In 1965 the film The Agony and The Ecstasy (dir. Carol Reed) presented Renaissance artistic culture, Catholic iconography, and the papal court in Rome to a popular, broad, and non-denominational audience. Based on the novel by Irving Stone (1961), the narrative follows Michelangelo and Pope Julius II through the decoration of the Sistine chapel ceiling (1508-12), outlining a relationship between the two protagonists that suggests some spiritual equality. In the same way that the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) strove for spiritual renewal and an emphasis on the wonder of humankind’s relationship with God, The Agony and The Ecstasy portrays the Sistine chapel ceiling as a non-denominational emblem of hope that had the power to transform even the pope. The transformation of Pope Julius from an institutionally focused authoritarian into a more humble and spiritual man coincided with the North American media’s embrace of Pope John XXIII and Paul VI’s more ecumenical overtones.
Mapping User Trajectories to Examine Behavior and Outcomes in Digital Health Intervention Data

Digital health interventions pose a tremendous opportunity to increase the possibilities of treatment delivery, and with the innovations we continue to see in technologies, they are becoming increasingly pervasive. However, there are also challenges. We present FlowVis, an application which facilitates visual exploration of participants’ experiences over the course of a digital health intervention. This application is based on the concept of participant trajectories, defined as paths that an individual might traverse during an intervention, characterized by key characteristics such as outcomes, usage, and qualitative data. FlowVis supports identification of subgroups of participants by similarities in their trajectories over time. We present a case study of the use of FlowVis in three parts. First, we perform exploratory analyses of the utility of different clustering methods for exploring digital health intervention data. Second, we present a flow-based visualization examining changes in participants’ outcomes over the course of the intervention. Third, we compare subgroups of participants by their app usage behaviors. Though we illustrate usage of the application to explore data from one digital health intervention, the application can be applied to analyze other intervention datasets and potentially other types of performance data. This paper contributes to extant research in the visualization of digital health intervention data by proposing a visual method to examine similarities in evolutionary patterns of participants’ experiences, behaviors, and outcomes over time.
Ionizing radiation shielding properties of metal oxide impregnated conformal coatings

Abstract Conformal coatings provide environmental protection for sensitive military electronics. Preliminary MCNP6® modeling of metal oxide impregnated acrylic conformal coatings indicates a factor of 300 reduction in gammas below 10 keV and up to a 225% reduction in neutron displacement damage to Si-based electronics across the Watt spectrum. This work provides data which can allow an optimal overall shielding worth per total mass to be evaluated.
Effect of Wetness Duration and Incubation Temperature on Development of Ascosporic Infections by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The impact of wetness duration and incubation temperatures on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospore germination and ascosporic infection efficiency were evaluated. Ascospore germination was optimal when incubated in continuous moisture (free water) at 21°C. Significantly lower germination was observed at 10 or 30°C. Interrupting ascospore wet incubation was detrimental for germination. In infection efficiency studies, dry bean and canola flowers were inoculated with dry ascospores and placed on leaves of dry bean and canola plants, respectively. Dry bean plants were incubated for 196 h at 18 to 20°C in alternating 8 to 16 h wet/12 to 24 h dry periods. Canola plants were incubated for 240 h at 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30°C in alternating 6 to 18 h wet/18 to 6 h dry periods. Interrupting wet incubation delayed symptom appearance and hindered development of the epidemics on both plant types. Logistic regression models estimated at 50% the probability of disease development on dry bean and canola plants when 68 and 48 h of wet incubation at 20°C accumulated in a period of 6 days, respectively. The canola model was validated using data from field trials. Results of these studies will contribute to develop more accurate warning models for diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum.
Interleaved difference-frequency generation for microcomb spectral densification in the mid-infrared

With their compact size and semiconductor-chip-based operation, frequency microcombs can be an invaluable light source for gas spectrcoscopy. However, the generation of mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency combs with gigahertz line spacing as required to resolve many gas spectra represents a significant challenge for these devices. Here, a technique referred to as interleaved difference-frequency generation (iDFG) is introduced that densifies the spectral line spacing upon conversion of near-IR comb light into the mid-IR light. A soliton microcomb is used as both a comb light source and microwave oscillator in a demonstration, and the spectrum of methane is measured to illustrate how the resulting mid-IR comb avoids spectral undersampling. Beyond demonstration of the iDFG technique, this work represents an important feasibility step towards more compact and potentially chip-based mid-IR gas spectroscopy modules.
Orthogonal Expansion of Network Functions

The power series expansion of functions of the adjacency matrix for a network can be interpreted in terms of walks in the network. This makes matrix functions, such as the exponential or resolvent, useful for the analysis of graphs. For instance, these functions shed light on the relative importance of the nodes of the graph and on the overall connectivity. However, the power series expansions may converge slowly, and the coefficients of these expansions typically are not helpful in assessing how important longer walks are in the network. Expansions of matrix functions in terms of orthogonal or bi-orthogonal polynomials make it possible to determine scaling parameters so that a given network has a specified effective diameter (the length after which walks become essentially irrelevant for the connectivity of the network). We describe several approaches for generating orthogonal and bi-orthogonal polynomial expansions, and discuss their relative merits for network analysis.
Exploration of Fatalism and Religiosity by Gender and Varying Levels of Engagement Among Mexican-American Adults of a Type 2 Diabetes Management Program

Objectives: Purpose of study is to explore the roles religiosity and fatalistic beliefs play in diabetes management among newly, currently, and long-term enrolled Mexican-American participants in a Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic care management program. Methods: In 2017, study participants (n = 15) completed a semi-structured interview in their preferred language (English or Spanish). Sample was stratified by amount of time individual had been enrolled as a participant of the Salud y Vida program: newly, currently, or long-term. Interviews assessed religious beliefs, beliefs concerning the cause(s) of diabetes, perceived relationship between religiosity and fatalistic beliefs with T2DM management, and the appropriateness of discussing such topics with a health professional. Interview responses were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 8. Results: Themes identified included: perceived autonomy over diabetes prognosis, motivators for self-care, discussions of personal beliefs in the healthcare setting, and the church's role in diabetes management. Conclusions: Among this sample, religiosity and religious fatalism played a complex role in coping with and managing diabetes. Long-term enrolled and male participants expressed beliefs of divine control over health, and a connection between religiosity and health behavior. Long-term enrolled participants felt religious and fatalistic beliefs may be suitable and beneficial to discuss in the healthcare setting.
Timing Law School (Presentation Slides)

This is a powerpoint presentation of Timing Law School. A draft version of the article is available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2574587.We investigate whether economic conditions at labor market entry have persistent effects on law graduate earnings. We find that unemployment levels at graduation continue to affect law earnings premiums within 4 years after graduation. For law graduates entering the labor market in strong economies, early outcomes are particularly good. However, the effect quickly fades as law graduates gain experience and the impact on lifetime earnings is relatively small. Outcomes data available prior to matriculation do not predict unemployment or starting salaries at graduation. Earnings premiums are not predicted by either cohort size or projected job openings. Even an effective “timing” strategy would likely be outweighed by the opportunity cost of a two-year delay in law school completion.
Consumptive coagulopathy associated with intra-amniotic infusion of hypertonic salt.

Abstract A coagulation defect was observed in 3 patients with hemorrhage after abortion induced by the intra-amniotic infusion of hypertonic NaCl. This observation resulted in a study of the coagulation system in 25 patients during the abortion program. A decrease in platelet number, fibrinogen concentration, and factor V activity as well as an increase in fibrinolysis breakdown products was observed in nearly all patients. It developed in different degrees, most pronounced at the time of abortion. Fibrin monomers were observed 24 hours after the salt infusion. Plasninogen, alpha-2 macroglobulin and antithrombin III values remained unchanged. Neither a reduction in urinary output nor an increase in plasma hemoglobin was observed. This suggests that glomerular fibrin deposition does not occur. The syndrome is therefore, best characterized as a consumptive coagulopathy. The decreased coagulation factors return to normal without treatment after the expulsion of the fetus. The development of a consumptive coagulopathy associated with termination of pregnancy by the intra-amniotic infusion of hypertonic salt may explain the hemorrhagic syndrome reported in the literature and provide evidence for an unwanted pathophysiologic development.
Influence of photoperiod on vegetative propagule production in three turion-producing races of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle

Three races of hydrilla observed to only produce turions were evaluated for photoperiod effects on propagule production. Greatest production was under shortdays (I 0-h). These races from Japan and Poland produced both turions and turion-like tubers under longday photoperiods (I 6-h) but production was most efficient under shortdays. Increased propagule production under shortdays may be compensation for decreasing photosynthetic activity at higher latitudes. Production appears only to be limited by temperature.
Histopathologic staining of low temperature cutaneous burns: comparing biomarkers of epithelial and vascular injury reveals utility of HMGB1 and hematoxylin phloxine saffron

Histopathology remains the gold standard for evaluation of burn depth, progression, and healing, but burn literature offers little guidance on the best stains for analysis of these complex and evolving injuries. A battery of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains was compared on adjacent sections to determine the best stains for histopathologic study and imaging of burns. Using a validated porcine model of vertical burn progression, full-thickness cutaneous biopsies were stained using hematoxylin and eosin, Hematoxylin phloxine saffron (HPS), Masson Trichrome, Elastin Von Gieson, Movatt's Pentachrome, vimentin, CD31, KI-67, caspase 3a, and high mobility group box 1. Depth of collagen degeneration, cellular necrosis, apoptosis, and vascular occlusion; and reparative processes of cellular hyperplasia, reepithelialization, and new collagen deposition were measured by ocular microscopy. High mobility group box 1 was superior for necrosis between 1 and 24 hours postburn. Vimentin underestimated necrosis until 48 hours postburn. For overall assessment, hematoxylin and eosin and HPS were comparable, except for analysis of thermally injured collagen, vessel occlusion, erythrocyte extravasation, and polariscopic study of collagen deposition, where HPS was superior. HPS stain offers specific advantages in histopathologic burn analysis. Inexpensive and rapid to produce, HPS allows users to analyze eosinophilic components more precisely than standard hematoxylin and eosin.
Treatment Foster Care in a System of Care: Sequences and Correlates of Residential Placements.

We examined Treatment Foster Care (TFC) in residential trajectories for youth with psychiatric disorders and aggressive behavior. We analyzed residential placements of a statewide sample of youth during the 12 months preceding and following admission to TFC. Prior to TFC, the majority of youth were residing in more restrictive settings (group homes or residential treatment). Two-thirds of youth remained in TFC throughout the follow-up year. Of those who left, nearly half returned home, and slightly fewer were discharged to group homes. By the end of the 12-month follow-up period, rates of group home use were similar to those seen in the pre-TFC period. Movement out of TFC during the year was associated with being older at placement and with increased problem behavior (particularly externalizing behaviors). TFC serves as a step-down placement for a substantial number of youth. However, this is not the only way it is used, and models based on short-term transitioning or reunification with families may not be widely implemented or relevant in practice. Additional research is needed to understand current functions of TFC in residential trajectories and to maximize its utility in systems of care.
Analytical Redundancy and Fuzzy Inference in AUV Fault Detection and Compensation

Abstract : This paper will address the results of a recent study developing model based techniques using analytical redundancy in the production of observation residuals that are processed for the on-line, real time detection of dynamic faults during the operation of AUVs. AUVs are being developed for oceanographic survey, as well as military, missions. Now that underwater navigation to sufficient precision within cost limits is possible, the remaining technical issue is to improve the reliability of the mission completion. Increasing mission reliability implies many things-some having nothing to do with automatic fault detection. However, assuming that the vehicle is equipped with highly reliable sensor suites, connections, and computing components, it is of interest to see if unexpected faults could be detected reliably so that system reconfiguration could be accomplished to allow missions to be continued in some fashion. A survey of fault detection methods indicates that alarms can be easily monitored if signals are static. This is done using limits and trends' analysis with thresholds set for various levels of severity. With dynamic signals, such as those induced by an actuator fault in the form of a stuck fin, or a loose fin, or fouling of a propeller, the transient nature of the signal makes limits and trends analysis invalid. In these cases, signals are sought that include servo error, and the residual error in observation filters. Designing observation filters builds analytical redundancy into the decision making. Additionally, since there is always the difficulty of separating the fault response from disturbance response, operation near the surface under waves requires the development of a wave detector.
Physiological characteristics of the human pyloric sphincter.

To investigate the physiological characteristics of the human pylorus, simultaneous measurements of intraluminal pressure and skin to mucosa potential difference were determined in 28 normal subjects. The radiographic junction of the stomach and duodenum was marked by a potential difference change of −33.7 ± 2.8 mv (mean ± SE) and a high pressure zone with an amplitude of 5.3 ± 0.5 mm Hg and a length of 1.5 ± 0.1 cm. A diminution in pressure at the pylorus occurred with antral peristalsis. During the infusion of 0.1 N HCl into the duodenum, pyloric pressure increased to 17.2 ± 1.4 mm Hg ( P P
Toward the adaptive governance of transboundary water resources

Transboundary water resources, such as international river basins, pose complex and often contentious management challenges. In response to the failures associated with the state-centric approach to the governance of international waters, discussions on transboundary water resources governance over the last two decades or so have focused largely on public involvement. The need to build resilience into such governance systems has been virtually overlooked. Based on a conceptualization of transboundary water resources as complex social-ecological systems, the manuscript proposes adaptive governance as a unifying framework for informing policies aimed at promoting the conservation of transboundary water resources in an increasingly unpredictable future. The key attributes of adaptive governance satisfy the requirements for good governance of transboundary water resources, as well as preparing the coupled social-ecological system to respond to unpredictable drivers of change.
Story as a Bridge to Transformation: The Way Beyond Death in Philip Pullman's The Amber Spyglass

In The Amber Spyglass, Philip Pullman extends the psychological depth of literature for young readers by presenting in palpable terms a confrontation with death met by the human capacity for dealing creatively, through story, with personal mortality. Pullman's portrayal of the power of storytelling is placed within the context of the Platonic tradition and neo-Platonic, 19th-century Romanticism. The co-protagonists' descent into the Land of the Dead, Lyra's freeing of the ghosts by the power of story, and their shared emergence into the sunlit land of the living draws on key elements of 19th-century Romanticism, specifically, the ideas of two poets: Percy Bysshe Shelley's concept of the creative imagination as ‘the instrument of moral good,’ and John Keats' notion of ‘negative capability’ and his metaphor of the world as ‘a vale of soul-making.’ All told, Pullman's fantasy portrays young protagonists transcending the dualism of good and evil and learning to live creatively in the face of life's contradictions, complexities, and, most potently, their own mortality.
A hybrid instruction design of a database course: from concept to implementation

The paper employs two instruction approaches to design and deliver a database course at the undergraduate level. It presents a novel way to combine constructivist instruction ideas with the objectivist instruction methods. The paper uses the idea of intermediate deliverable-feedback on team projects to provide appropriate guidance in bringing about deeper learning and creation of knowledge by students. We discuss the database course design and its delivery. The course evaluation by students was positive.
Storytelling with digital photographs: supporting the practice, understanding the benefit

Storytelling has been a mainstay of communication between humans for centuries. Despite the sharp increase in digital photography and tools to support digital photo practices, constructing personal narratives with digital photographs remains a difficult problem. Creating personal narratives requires story-writing, media editing, and media composition skills. This research explores how to support everyday people through the challenges of narrative composition with photographs by leveraging everyday photo practices to make storytelling with photos easier. It is also concerned with providing a satisfying experience to authors and audiences alike.
General theory of tissue swelling with application to the corneal stroma.

Abstract Equations describing the time course of swelling in a very general system are derived and are used to study the free swelling of corneal stroma. An integral solution is obtained, which demonstrates how the swelling rate depends on swelling pressure and tissue permeability at the space-average stromal hydration, and which can be integrated by quadrature to give tissue hydration as a function of time. Only limited comparisons of predicted stromal swelling curves with experimental results can be made, and these are inconclusive. Experiments to test the theory more severely are suggested.
Texture development and plastic anisotropy of B.C.C. strain hardening sheet metals

Abstract A Taylor-like polycrystal model is adopted here to investigate the plastic behavior of body centered cubic (b.c.c.) sheet metals under plane-strain compression and the subsequent in-plane biaxial stretching conditions. The pencil glide system is chosen for the slip mechanism for b.c.c. sheet metals. The {110} and {112} slip systems are also considered. Plane-strain compression is used to simulate the cold rolling processes of a low-carbon steel sheet. Based on the polycrystal model, pole figures for the sheet metal after plane-strain compression are obtained and compared with the corresponding experimental results. Also, the simulated plane-strain stress—strain relations are compared with the corresponding experimental results. For the sheet metal subjected to the subsequent in-plane biaxial stretching and shear, plastic potential surfaces are determined at a given small amount of plastic work. With the assumption of the equivalence of the plastic potential and the yield function with normality flow, the yield surfaces based on the simulations for the sheet metal are compared with those based on several phenomenological planar anisotropic yield criteria. The effects of the slip system and the magnitude of plastic work on the shape and size of the yield surfaces are shown. The plastic anisotropy of the sheet metal is investigated in terms of the uniaxial yield stresses in different planar orientations and the corresponding values of the anisotropy parameter R, defined as the ratio of the width plastic strain rate to the through-thickness plastic strain rate under in-plane uniaxial tensile loading. The uniaxial yield stresses and the values of R at different planar orientations from the polycrystal model can be fitted well by a yield function recently proposed by Barlat et al. (1997b).
Finite element analysis of inelastic laminated plates using a global-local formulation with delamination

Abstract This work represents the initial step toward the development of an efficient computational framework that can be used to study the response and/or failure of laminated composite plates under a variety of loading conditions, including complex, severe, static and dynamic loads. The proposed finite element formulation is based on the global–local laminated plate theory of Williams [T.O. Williams, A generalized multilength scale non-linear composite plate theory with delamination, Int. J. Solids Struct. 36 (20) (1999) 3015–3050], which is founded on a generalized superposition of displacement fields associated with different length scales: the global field, which spans the thickness of the plate, and a set of local fields consistent with the layering thickness. This global–local strategy allows the local (layerwise) fields to be activated only in regions of critical interest within the computational domain, to obtain accurate results in those regions without compromising overall computational efficiency. In the present work, attention is restricted to the geometrically linear case; however, the formulation allows treatment of problems involving non-linear constitutive behavior, and facilitates the incorporation of delamination kinematics. Several numerical examples are presented to examine the performance characteristics of the proposed global–local plate element.
How do experts read application letters?: a multi-modal study

Fourteen faculty participants each read two letters of application to a graduate program, and the data about how they read was collected using eye-tracking and think-aloud protocol. The eyetracking data show that expert readers not only "slow down" when they encounter grammatical and other errors, but also when they see words and phrases that match their program's mission or their own research interests. The think-aloud protocol data was used to verify eye-tracking results and also to allow for readers to expand on their impressions of the persuasiveness of a given letter. The project is not finished, but early impressions are that something akin to Kenneth Burke's concept of identification is a powerfully persuasive move in such letters--readers' eyes fixate on these identification moves and the participants identify those moves as positive and persuasive.
Synthesis and structure of a hafnium silylamide complex and the chemical vapor deposition of HfxSi1−xO2 films

Abstract The complex Hf[N(SiMe 2 H) 2 ] 4 was synthesized, structurally characterized, and used as a precursor with oxygen to prepare hafnium silicate thin films at substrate temperatures ⩾500 °C in a low-pressure CVD process. The as-deposited films were amorphous, and they remained amorphous upon annealing up to 1100 °C.
THE EPIDERMAL MELANOCYTE SYSTEM IN NEWBORN HUMAN SKIN. A QUANTITATIVE HISTOLOGIC STUDY

Thirty-seven foreskin preparations obtained during routine circumcisions were investigated with the combined skin-splitting and dopa techniques. At birth, melanin pigmentation was present in various degrees. The color of the epidermis varied from very dark brown to very pale in this region of the body which had not yet been exposed to visible or to ultraviolet light for any length of time. The topography of the dermoepidermal junction varied from smooth (mostly in the lightly colored samples) to extremely hilly (characteristic for the darker samples). In 15 specimens 45 dark. 5 medium colored, and 5 macroscopically unpigmented), the frequency population of melanocytes was estimated and no significant difference was found in melanocyte number. There was also no statistically significant difference in the melanocyte frequency when we compared the data obtained from newborn foreskin with that from the adult.
Nothing Like New: Our Post-Apocalyptic Imagination as Utopian Desire

Most apocalyptic films are considered dystopian based on their aesthetic terms, yet many of their narratives are structured in such a way to reveal our society's larger utopian desires—particularly in terms of our future relationship with nature, the role of the individual in society, and particular ideals of community life. This article traces several dominant themes found within this genre of cinema as related to contemporary urban design solutions and recent post-disaster strategies, in order to expose what collectively we may be hoping for, as well as still fear.
A new computer program for analysis of scalar electrocardiograms.

Abstract A computer program for interpreting the adult 12-lead electrocardiogram has been evaluated. Four thousand electrocardiograms were used in the design of the program which was based on the diagnostic logic used in clinical electrocardiographic interpretation. An evaluation of the program so designed was conducted on 1435 other records, 1008 of which were abnormal. Ninety-seven percent of all records were correctly classified by the computer as either normal or abnormal. Ninety-four percent of all contour abnormality statements made were correct and only 6% of contour abnormality statements were omitted. Ninety-three percent of the normal electrocardiograms were correctly analyzed with most errors consisting of minor ST- and T-wave changes. Of the abnormal tracings, 1.2% were called normal. Eighty-two percent of all 1435 records had a completely acceptable computer interpretation.
Internal reinitiation of translation in polar mutants of the trpB gene of Salmonella typhimurium.

The trpB gene of S. typhimurium codes for the bifunctional component II subunit of the AS-PRT complex which catalyzes the first two steps of tryptophan biosynthesis. It has previously been shown that the amino-terminal 40% of the component II molecule possesses the catalytic sites determining glutamine amidotransferase (GAT) activity, demonstrable indirectly by complementation with component I, the product of trpA, in the synthesis of anthranilic acid from chorismic acid and glutamine (AS activity), while its carboxy-terminal 60% possesses the catalytic sites determining anthranilate-PRPP phosphoribosyl transferase (PRT) activity, demonstrable by direct enzymatic assay. Here we further demonstrate the functional independence of the two regions of the component II subunit by providing evidence for the existence of monofunctional (GAT-, PRT+) carboxy-terminal restart fragments of component II in certain chain terminating trpB mutants. Nonsense and frameshift mutants of the operator-proximal portion (region 1) of trpB have been found to grow well in media supplemented with anthranilic acid, implying the presence of PRT activity in the cell. Analysis of extracts of these strains has demonstrated the presence of low, but variable levels of PRT activity, but no GAT activity. Correlation of the map location of these mutations with the intensity of their polar effects on the expression of operator-distal genes suggests the existence of at least two gradients or units of polarity within region 1. Furthermore, in double mutant polarity tests, multiplicatiove polar effects were found in certain region 1 trpB-trpB double mutants strains. Taken together, these results lead us to conclude that at least two sites for reinitiation of translation exist within region 1 of trpB which can be activated by the presence of a nearby chain terminating codon. Such reinitation leads to the synthesis of labile carboxy-terminal restart fragments of component II which possess PRT function, but lack GAT function.
Congruences for Jacobi Sums

A congruence for Jacobi sums of orderkover finite fields is proved, which generalizes a congruence of Iwasawa (1975) for primekand Ihara (1986) for prime powerk. Related congruences for Jacobi sums are also presented. The techniques are elementary and self-contained, in contrast with the deep methods of Iwasawa and Ihara.
The use of relaxation and hypnosis in lowering high blood pressure.

Abstract Investigation was made to determine whether high blood pressure (hypertension) could be lowered thru (a) muscular relaxation and (b) hypnosis. Six non-medicated hypertensive patients were used as controls while another six served as treatment Ss receiving muscular relaxation and hypnosis procedures. Nine patients on stabilized anti-hypertensive medication also received the muscular relaxation and hypnosis procedures. Significant lowering of both systolic and diastolic pressures was obtained in both the no drug and drug groups receiving treatment, but there was no significant reduction in the control group. Hypertensive levels were reduced thru muscular relaxation and completely eliminated during hypnosis. Instruction was given in self-relaxation and self-hypnosis to promote continuation of beneficial effects beyond hospitalization.
PHOSPHORYLATION OF Y372 IS CRITICAL FOR JAK2 TYROSINE KINASE ACTIVATION

Jak2 tyrosine kinase plays an important role in cytokine mediated signal transduction. There are 49 tyrosine residues in Jak2 and phosphorylation of some of these are known to play important roles in the regulation of Jak2 kinase activity. Here, using mass spectrometry, we identified tyrosine residues Y372 and Y373 as novel sites of Jak2 phosphorylation. Mutation of Y372 to F (Y372F) significantly inhibited Jak2 phosphorylation, including that of Y1007, whereas the Jak2-Y373F mutant displayed only modest reduction in phosphorylation. Relative to Jak2-WT, the ability of Jak2-Y372F to bind to and phosphorylate STAT1 was decreased, resulting in reduced Jak2-mediated downstream gene transcription. While the Y372F mutation had no effect on receptor-independent, hydrogen peroxide-mediated Jak2 activation, it impaired interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent Jak2 activation. Interestingly however, the Y372F mutant exhibited normal receptor binding properties. Finally, co-expression of SH2-Bβ only partially restored the activation of the Jak2-Y372F mutant suggesting that the mechanism whereby phosphorylation of Y372 is important for Jak2 activation is via dimerization. As such, our results indicate that Y372 plays a critical yet differential role in Jak2 activation and function via a mechanism involving Jak2 dimerization and stabilization of the active conformation.
Evidence of altered regulation of ventilation during exposure to hypoxia.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that ventilatory acclimatization of lowlanders to sojourn at 3100 m altitude is not due solely to a relative increase in medullary H + stimulation. The ventilatory response to the pharmacologie stimulant, doxapram hydrochloride, was measured on the same eight healthy sea-level residents during conditions of: (1) normal rest, (2) acute respiratory acidosis, (3) after 5 days of metabolic acidosis, (4) light exercise, (5) acute hypoxia (PaO 2 = 46 mm Hg) and (6) after 2–3 wk of altitude sojourn (3100 m). A seventh study was completed on seven lifelong residents of 3100 m altitude. Doxapram was infused for 20 min (0.095 mg/kg/min during isocapnic hyperoxic conditions ( P et O 2 = 200 mm Hg except in [5]. The ventilatory response to doxapram did not differ significantly between conditions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 ( Δ dot V e = 8−13 l/min , P > 0.05 ). The response to doxapram was, however, increased by those conditions which also increase responsiveness to physiologic stimuli, specifically, acute hypoxic and altitude sojourn ( Δ dot V e = 26 1+/min , P ). Two conclusions are warranted. First , because responsiveness was not altered by acidosis, it would seem unlikely that the increased responses are related to [H + ] at any extra- or intracellular receptor. Second , during altitude sojourn the change is present even though measurements were made during acute hyperoxia; hence,'this change is separate and distinct from that of acute hypoxia. The authors postulate this change results from increased “facilitation” of the medullary ventilatory control center by the reticular activating system.
1762 CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA- CONTRIBUTION OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL REMODELLING TO PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Some infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who die after surgical correction have a transient postoperative period during which oxygenation is adequate(“honeymoon”(H) period) while others have persistent hypoxemia. To explain the different clinical course, lung development and pulmonary arterial structure of 7 neonates with CDH who came to autopsy were analyzed using morphometric techniques. Three infants comprised the H group, transiently having PaO2>150 torr in the descending aorta (DAo) while receiving 100% oxygen. Four infants comprised the no-honeymoon (no-H) group and never had PaO2>85 torr in the DAo. All lungs were small for age, the ipsilateral being smaller in weight and volume. Three of the 4 infants in the no-H group had more reduced ipsi- and contralateral lung weight and ipsilateral lung volume compared with the H group. The contralateral lung volumes were similar suggesting relative overinflation of lung substance in the no-H group. Each member of the no-H group had abnormal structure of intraacinar arteries with muscle extending precociously to alveolar wall vessels. In addition, compared with the H group, the luminal area of pre- and intraacinar arteries in the no-H group was decreased by reduced external diameter and/or increased medial thickness in both lungs. The different postoperative course of infants with CDH is based on both severity of pulmonary hypoplasia and extent of pulmonary arterial remodelling.
WORKPLACE JUSTICE OUTCOMES “IN THE NAME OF THE UNION”: A FIELD ASSESSMENT

Prior work has demonstrated that management enjoys a substantive edge in many grievance cases largely as a function of its discretion to pursue or dismiss these cases as it chooses. Conversely, organized labor has far less discretion in as much as it must pursue serious grievances which may be less viable. It is argued here that grievances “filed in the name of the union” may provide an important exception to this principle. This field assessment of format grievances (N = 538) indicates robust differences in the outcomes of grievances between those “filed in the name of the union” and those filed in the more traditional manner. This tendency may provide some countervailing influence for the grievant to the advantages posited for management.
Beam heating in gas targets

Abstract The correction for the change in density of molecules in gas targets as a function of beam current is investigated using both a pulsed and dc beam. The dominant physical mechanism is confirmed to be an overall heating of the gas for the type of target commonly used which has the incident beam stopping in the end foil of the gas cell. It is shown how this heating can be monitored and corrected for in a convenient and reliable manner. The effects of pulsing and possible temperature gradients are discussed.
Religion as ‘skilful means’: A hint from Buddhism

The concept of upaya (or upayakausalya), 'skilful means,' has functioned on various levels within the Buddhist tradition, with considerable differences also in its degrees of prominence. It is a major concern in the Lotus Sutra, the Prajnaparamita literature, and the Teaching ofVimalakirti, but absent or almost absent from many other scriptures. However, I am not going to concern myself with the history of the concept. I should be totally incompetent to do so; and fortunately Michael Pye had done this authoritatively in Skilful Means: A Concept of Mahayana Buddhism1, of which I shall be making use. There is a narrower and a broader use of the notion of upaya. In its narrower meaning it presupposes that a teacher knows some truth which is to be communicated to others so that they may come to see it for themselves; and the skilful means are the devices which the teacher uses to do this. Thus in the Pali scriptures the Buddha is constantly using similes and parables and often asking skilfully leading questions. Further, he is not usually declaring general truths, valid for all times and circumstances, but is speaking to a particular individual or group and is taking account of his hearers' karmic state and adapting his words to the stage of understanding at which he perceives them to be. I think it is evident that skilful means, in this narrower sense, are used by religious teachers in all traditions. Jesus, for example, used parables and similes and asked leading questions,2 as also did many others. Indeed skilful means are used in all pedagogy. Any teacher of philosophy is accustomed to introduce material in a planned order, knowing that novices in the subject are often not able properly to grasp the sophisticated concepts and distinctions which more advanced students can understand and use. Further, he sometimes utters partial truths, which are also partial falsehoods, because they represent the next stage of understanding of the
Formation of eight-membered ring β-keto lactones via the intramolecular trapping of hydroxy acylketenes

Eight-membered ring β-keto lactones were prepared from 2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one in three steps involving conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones, followed by conversion to an alcohol and thermolysis. The formation of these eight-membered rings involves the intramolecular trapping of a hydroxy acyl ketene intermediate and is facilitated by a suppressed ring strain and an unfavorable intramolecular hydrogen bond, which is suggested to favor the formation of oligomers. These aspects of the reaction were supported by molecular mechanics calculations.
Agricultural Trade Issues among Pacific Ocean Countries: Discussion

Expanded international trade has become a new national priority for the United States. Agricultural trade is the national success story of this decade. And trade in grain and oilseed products is drawing world leaders closer together. These are among the messages that Hathaway; McCalla, Schmitz, and Storey have brought us in their formal papers. World agricultural trade is a growth story. While our speakers have described it in very low key, almost academic terms, it certainly can be described in far more exciting terms. The growth in both quantity and dollar terms exceeds what analysts have a right to expect, given the inelastic demand for food, the role of food in the national security of nations, and the protectionistic attitude of world leaders toward agricultural markets since World War II.
Mechanism of Pd(OAc)2/DMSO-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation : Mass-transfer-limitation effects and catalyst decomposition pathways

Pd(OAc)2 in DMSO is an effective catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols and numerous other organic substrates. Kinetic studies of the catalytic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohol substrates provide fundamental insights into the catalytic mechanism. In contrast to the conclusion reached in our earlier study (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 766−767), we find that Pd(II)-mediated alcohol oxidation is the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic reaction. At elevated catalyst loading, however, the rate of catalytic turnover is limited by the dissolution of oxygen gas into solution. This mass-transfer rate is measured directly by using gas-uptake methods, and it correlates with the maximum rate observed during catalysis. Initial-rate studies were complemented by kinetic analysis of the full-reaction timecourses at different catalyst concentrations. Kinetic fits of these traces reveal the presence of unimolecular and bimolecular catalyst decomposition pathways that compete with productive c...
Sobolev space estimates and symbolic calculus for bilinear pseudodifferential operators

Bilinear operators are investigated in the context of Sobolev spaces and various techniques useful in the study of their boundedness properties are developed. In particular, several classes of symbols for bilinear operators beyond the so-called Coifman-Meyer class are considered. Some of the Sobolev space estimates obtained apply to both the bilinear Hilbert transform and its singular multipliers generalizations as well as to operators with variable dependent symbols. A symbolic calculus for the transposes of bilinear pseudodifferential operators and for the composition of linear and bilinear pseudodifferential operators is presented too.
Phosphorus, potassium, chloride, and fungicide effects on wheat yield and leaf rust severity

Abstract Plant nutrition and disease suppression are among the most important management tools for producers of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the central and southern Great Plains. This study was conducted to examine the effects of phosphorus (P) (0, 15, and 30 kg ha−1) and potassium (K) (0, 37, and 74 kg ha−1) fertilization, foliar fungicide application, and cultivar disease tolerance on wheat yield, yield components, and severity of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.). Compared with no P, fertilizing with P increased yield by as much as 60% (>1.3 Mg ha−1 increase). Yield of cultivars susceptible to leaf rust was nearly 0.6 Mg ha−1 less without K than with K fertilization. Fungicide application resulted in mean yields of 4.8 Mg ha−1 for both resistant and susceptible cultivars, however, yield of susceptible cultivars was suppressed more than yield of resistant ones without fungicide. Although P fertilization had a moderately suppressive effect on leaf rust, the increased yield was pri...
An Ecological Study of Some Millipedes in Two Central Missouri Communities

Samples were taken of leaf litter and soil to a depth of 2 inches; 120 in an oak-hickory community, 80 in a flood-plain community. Each sample measured 0.25 square meter. From the oak-hickory community leafmold samples, 279 specimens of millipedes were collected, an average of 9.3 specimens per square meter. From the soil samples, 423 millipedes were collected, an average of 14.0 per square meter. Fourteen species were found in the material from the oak-hickory community. From the 80 samples of leaf mold taken in the flood plain, 713 specimens were collected, an average of 35.6 specimens per square meter. Soil samples from the flood plain provided 477 specimens, an average of 23.8 millipedes per square meter. Five species were found in the flood-plain community. Species tested in a moisture-gradient apparatus showed a positive reaction to high relative humidity. Several tests in a temperature-gradient apparatus showed that the millipedes tested reacted positively to lower temperatures.
The Effect of Anticontamination Agents in Media for the Isolation of Mycobacteria

A comparative study for mycobacterial growth, sensitivity tests, and contamination was done on collection strains of mycobacteria and for 1625 sputum specimens planted on 7H10 agar and the same medium to which colimycin, spiramycin, and amphotericin B were added. The collection strains showed equal growth and equal sensitivity results on 7H10 media with or See Table in the PDF File without the addition of the three mentioned anticontamination agents. The 7H10 agar containing colimycin, spiramycin, and amphotericin B compared to the 7H10 agar alone showed 10 per cent less contamination on the sputum cultures and 70 per cent less contamination for the experimental work where air contamination was tested.