cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Substance Use and Sexual Risk Differences among Older Bisexual and Gay Men with HIV

Bisexual and gay men are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Research typically combines these groups into the category of men who have sex with men, and little is known about between-group differences. HIV-positive populations are aging and have high rates of substance use compared to non-infected peers, while substance use among older adults has increased and is associated with unprotected intercourse. Among a sample of 239 HIV-positive bisexual and gay men aged 50 and older, bisexual men were more likely to report cigarette, cocaine, crack, and heroin use compared with gay men. However, bisexual men were less likely to use crystal meth, club drugs, poppers (nitrate inhalers), and erectile dysfunction (ED) medications compared to gay men. While bisexual men reported lower rates of unprotected sex, logistic regression analysis found that current use of poppers and ED drugs, which were higher among gay men, explained this difference. Implications for education and prevention programs are discussed.
Catheterization of the left side of the heart in man.

The technic employed in catheterization of the left heart in man is described. A catheter is introduced into the left ulnar artery and passed through the brachial, axillary and subclavian arteries into the arch of the aorta. With the tip of the catheter at the root of the aorta, we have succeeded in entering the left ventricle only in patients with free aortic insufficiency due to syphilis. Failure to pass the aortic valves in normal subjects is discussed.
A Cartography of Passing in Everyday Life

This analysis of student narratives explores various forms of passing encounters whereby individuals are not who they claim to be. I distinguish between (a) passing along highly stigmatized identities and everyday passing across less threatening ones; and (b) proactive passing, which individuals initiate, and reactive passing, in which individuals embrace an identity others have mistakenly assigned to them. These strategies are complex processes whereby individuals interactively negotiate definitions of the situation and sometimes give idealized performances. They underscore through contrast the sense of an authentic identity that enhances the stability of self. Although theorists claim that passing is inconsequential for the individual, the narratives in this study suggest that masking a central identity can be emotionally costly. I noticed several of the white people glancing at me and then after the second look, they looked off. I had had my hair freshly done, and when it is fresh it looks dark brown and wavy, and I did look decent because I was wearing my best. . . . The conductor came up and after removing his hat and apologetically clearing his throat said, “I know this is highly irregular, miss, but—uh—pardon me—may I ask what nationality you are? Uh—are you Jewish?” I could have kissed the conductor for giving me the lead. (Drake and Cayton 1945:161) Last year, I was chatting on the computer and I met a girl whose age was twentythree. At that time I was only twenty years old. After she told me that she doesn’t want to meet a guy who is younger than her, my only option was to lie about my age. I told her I was twenty-three because that was the only way I could see her face. (Solomon, university student) The accounts above illustrate that appearances can be deceiving. In the first, an African American woman confronts deeply ensconced racial boundaries while traveling south of the Mason-Dixon line in the early 1900s; in the second, a contemporary university student recounts his solution to a problematic on-line interaction. Each account provides an example of passing, or cultural performances in which individuals perceived to have a somewhat threatening identity present themselves or are
MEMBRANE FILTRATION IMMUNOSTAINING TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN PRECOOKED BEEF 1

A membrane filtration-immunostaining technique was developed for detection and direct enumeration of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in beef. The procedure combined a microcolony technique with an indirect alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody visualization system. Precooked ground beef samples containing enterotoxigenic C. perfringens cells were diluted in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 80 and filtered through a 0.45 μm cellulose nitrate filter. The membranes were placed onto the surface of solid Duncan and Strong medium and incubated anaerobically for 4–18 h at 37C. The membranes were sequentially overlaid with C. perfringens anti-enterotoxin and an alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody resulting in a chromogenic reaction that enabled detection and enumeration. The membrane immunostaining technique proved to be sensitive enough to detect as low as 2 CFU/g of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens.
The causes of false-positives encountered during the screening of old-world primates for antibodies to human and simian retroviruses by ELISA

Sera from 526 old-world primates representing 50 different species were screened by ELISA for antibodies to human T-lymphotropic viruses I and III, and simian retrovirus type 1 (SRV-1). About one-fourth of the sera were positive by ELISA. There was a tendency, however, for the same sera to be positive for all three human and simian retroviruses. Only about one in five of the ELISA antibody-positive sera were confirmed to be positive by Western blotting. False-positive ELISA antibody tests were particularly common among sera from mandrills, crab-eating macaques, lion-tailed macaques, African green monkeys, and DeBrazza's and moustached guenons. Sera that were falsely positive in ELISA antibody tests to the three human and simian retroviruses were found to contain antibodies that reacted at comparable intensity with feline leukemia, infectious peritonitis and panleukopenia viruses. The false anti-viral activity of these sera was found to be due to antibodies that reacted with non-viral proteins that were copurified with all five virus preparations. These proteins were present in normal cat and human cells used to grow the various viruses and in gelatin. The implications of nonspecific cell-protein antibodies in primate sera were discussed in the light of this and previous seroepidemiologic studies of man and old-world monkeys.
Orthogonality conditions for Tobit models with fixed effects and lagged dependent variables

Abstract This paper presents orthogonality conditions for censored regression models with fixed effects and lagged dependent variables. The orthogonality conditions can be used to construct method of moments estimators of the parameters of the model. Nonlinear fixed effects models are usually estimated by maximum likelihood, with the fixed effects treated as parameters to be estimated. Monte Carlo results indicate that in a Tobit model with fixed effects and lagged dependent variables, the maximum likelihood estimator of the effect of the lagged dependent variable performs poorly. The method of moments estimator based on the orthogonality conditions presented here, however performs quite well.
Linguine sign in musculoskeletal imaging: calf silicone implant rupture

Imaging findings of breast silicone implant rupture are well described in the literature. On MRI, the linguine sign indicates intracapsular rupture, while the presence of silicone particles outside the fibrous capsule indicates extracapsular rupture. The linguine sign is described as the thin, wavy hypodense wall of the implant within the hyperintense silicone on T2-weighted images indicative of rupture of the implant within the naturally formed fibrous capsule. Hyperintense T2 signal outside of the fibrous capsule is indicative of an extracapsular rupture with silicone granuloma formation. We present a rare case of a patient with a silicone calf implant rupture and discuss the MRI findings associated with this condition.
Linear growth after pediatric liver transplantation

To determine growth patterns in a large cohort of unselected children undergoing liver transplantation, the outcomes of 294 orthotopic liver transplantations performed in 221 children at The University of Chicago between October 1984 and October 1992 were retrospectively reviewed; 66% were alive at the time of this analysis. The mean age at transplantation was 4.1 +/- 5.0 years; 44% of the children were male and 16% of the transplants were from living-related donors. The mean height z score at the time of transplantation was -1.6 +/- 1.8, and 39% of children had height z scores of 0) 2 years after transplantation were more likely to be first-time transplant recipients, had more growth retardation at the time of transplantation, and were receiving lower doses of prednisone at 2 years after transplantation. Younger children were most likely to demonstrate catch-up growth after transplantation. In summary, a large proportion of children have growth retardation at the time of liver transplantation. This growth retardation is inversely correlated with age. Before transplantation, children with biliary atresia grow less well than children with other forms of liver disease. Up to one half of children demonstrate catch-up growth after liver transplantation. Growth after transplantation is proportional to the degree of growth retardation at transplantation and inversely correlated to age at transplantation. Children with poor growth after transplantation are more likely to be receiving higher doses of corticosteroid.
Sexual performance of twin ram lambs and the effect of number and sex of contemporary siblings

Abstract The objectives of this investigation were to determine the degree of correspondence in the sexual performance of twin male sheep and to compare the sexual performance of ram lambs born co-twin to another male (M–M), co-twin to a female (M–F) and as single (S) offspring. Individual ram lambs ( N =117), including 13 M–M twin sets, were exposed to four estrous ewes for 30 min at 7-day intervals over a 4-week period at 8 to 9 months of age. Frequencies of ejaculation (serving capacity) and mounts without ejaculation were recorded. M–M males averaged 2.9 ejaculations and 13.1 mounts per test. Individuals within 9 of the 13 M–M twin sets (69%) differed by an average of 0.5 or fewer ejaculations per test. Although variability within M–M twin sets was very low, variability between the 13 M–M twin sets was also low (coefficient of variation=10.6%). Consequently, frequencies of both ejaculation and mounting (without ejaculation) within the 13 twin sets were not correlated ( P =0.50 and P =0.10, respectively). When the progeny of individual sires were compared, mounting frequencies were correlated ( P P =0.72). M–M, M–F and S ram lambs did not differ for either ejaculation frequency ( P =0.26) or mounts without ejaculation ( P =0.98). It was concluded that the sexual performance of related individuals is likely to be very similar and that the number and sex of contemporary siblings does not necessarily influence rates of mounting and ejaculation.
Trends in Outcomes of the Vocational Rehabilitation Program for Adults With Developmental Disabilities: 1995—2005:

This article describes national trends in outcomes of the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program, with a focus on adults with developmental disabilities during the period of 1995 to 2005. Findings ...
Satellite Observations of Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Ekman Pumping

AbstractThree mechanisms for self-induced Ekman pumping in the interiors of mesoscale ocean eddies are investigated. The first arises from the surface stress that occurs because of differences between surface wind and ocean velocities, resulting in Ekman upwelling and downwelling in the cores of anticyclones and cyclones, respectively. The second mechanism arises from the interaction of the surface stress with the surface current vorticity gradient, resulting in dipoles of Ekman upwelling and downwelling. The third mechanism arises from eddy-induced spatial variability of sea surface temperature (SST), which generates a curl of the stress and therefore Ekman pumping in regions of crosswind SST gradients. The spatial structures and relative magnitudes of the three contributions to eddy-induced Ekman pumping are investigated by collocating satellite-based measurements of SST, geostrophic velocity, and surface winds to the interiors of eddies identified from their sea surface height signatures. On average, e...
Back toward a Comprehensive Liberalism? Justice as Fairness, Gender, and Families

This article examines the attempts by John Rawls in the works published after Political Liberalism to engage with some of the feminist responses to his work. Rawls goes a long way toward addressing some of the major feministliberal concerns. Yet this has the unintended consequence of pushing justice as fairness in the direction of a more comprehensive, rather than a strictly political, form of liberalism. This does not seem to be a problem peculiar to Rawls: rather, any form of liberalism hospitable to feminist concerns must be, at the very least, a partly comprehensive, rather than a strictly political, doctrine.
Petrifying Worm Cultures: Scalable Detection and Immunization in Untrusted Environments

We present and evaluate the design of a new and comprehensive solution for automated worm detection and immunization. The system engages a peer-to-peer network of untrusted machines on the Internet to detect new worms and facilitate rapid preventative response. We evaluate the efficacy and scalability of the proposed system through large-scale simulations and assessments of a functional real-world prototype. We find that the system enjoys scalability in terms of network coverage, fault- tolerance, security, and maintainability. It proves effective against new worms, and supports collaboration among among mutually mistrusting parties.
Diffusion of the diboron pair in silicon.

We propose a novel mechanism for the diffusion of a diboron pair in Si, based on first principles density functional theory. We find a reaction pathway along which the boron pair diffuses from one lowest energy configuration ofB-Bs-h001i to an equivalent structure at an adjacent equivalent site through three local minimum states denoted asB-Bs-h111i ,B s-Bi, and Bs-Bs-Sii. The activation energy for the diffusion is estimated to be 1.81 eV in the generalized gradient approximation. A kinetic model suggests that the diboron diffusion plays an important role in determining diffusion profiles during ultrashallow junction processing (which requires high boron-dopant concentration as well as high annealing temperature). As the gate length of semiconductor devices decreases to the diffusion length of dopants by transient enhanced diffusion (TED), it becomes crucial to achieve a precise control of diffusion profiles during implantation as well as postimplantation thermal treatment. Ion implantation fol- lowed by thermal annealing is currently the most widely used method for semiconductor doping. This has led to extensive recent investigations into diffusion mechanisms of dopants (1,2). However, many questions remain unre- solved, particularly on the fundamentals of boron diffusion and clustering at high doping levels � > 10 18 cm � 3 � inher-
Degassing and hydrothermal activity at Mt. Spurr, Alaska during the summer of 2004 inferred from the complex frequencies of long‐period events

[1] Results of analyses of unusual long-period earthquakes, recorded between July and September 2004 at Mt. Spurr, Alaska, are presented. The waveforms of these events are characterized by quasi-sinusoidal signatures of long duration (up to 40 sec) with slowly decaying amplitudes; bandwidths of 0.5–4.0 Hz are typical; amplitude spectra are marked by strong and sharp peaks, reflecting the quasi-monochromatic nature of the signal. The temporal variations of the complex frequencies are investigated by use of the Sompi method; the dominant mode is resolved and its Q factor estimated for each available event. Dominant frequencies are found in the band 0.8–2.2 Hz with Q varying between 25 and 100. The variations of the complex frequencies show an overall decline with time. The dynamic response of a shallow fracture filled with bubbly water to the flux of hot gases from depth, is proposed as a possible mechanism for the generation of the observed waveforms.
Trends in power discrete devices

Over the last 10 years, revolutionary advances have occurred in power discrete devices which have spurred significant advances in the capability of power electronic systems. The introduction of power MOSFETs in the 1970s and the power IGBT in the 1980s enabled design of very compact, high efficiency systems due to the greatly enhanced power gain resulting from the high input impedance of these structures. Since then, research at PSRC on a variety of MOS-gated thyristors (DG-BRT, EST) has been conducted, resulting in some promising improvements in the trade-off between on-state power loss, switching power loss, and the forward biased safe-operating-area (FBSOA). Concurrent improvements in power rectifiers have been achieved at low voltage ratings using the TMBS structure, and at high voltage ratings using the MPS structure. On the longer term, silicon carbide Schottky rectifiers and power MOSFETs offer another 10-fold improvement in performance if technological and cost barriers can be overcome.
Bicontinuous mesoporous carbon thin films via an order-order transition.

Bicontinuous mesoporous carbon films are fabricated by cooperative self-assembly of phenolic resin and amphiphilic triblock copolymer via an order–order transition from cylinders to gyroid. The film morphology is strongly influenced by the details of processing, including age of the resol, resol : template ratio, and the solvent vapor annealing process.
BAYESIAN MODELS FOR NEW PRODUCT PRICING

This paper develops an information decision system for new product pricing based on Bayesian updating of prior estimates of demand distribution parameter values and on optimization by dynamic programming. The model considers the interaction of production and pricing decisions and emphasizes the simultaneous making of both decisions. After presentation of the basic model, approximate techniques are introduced which obtain most of the benefit of the approach while requiring only a fraction of the computer cost and input data. Numerical examples using growing demand and price sensitivity are given to demonstrate the high computer cost of the first model and the relative performance (on a profit basis) of the approximate techniques.
Unified adaptivity optimization of clock and logic signals

VLSI design is increasingly sensitive to variations which often degrade the parametric yield. Post-silicon tuning techniques can compensate for specific variations on the die and thus significantly improve the yield. Previous works on adaptivity optimization for post-silicon tuning focus on either logic signal tuning or clock signal tuning. This paper proposes the first unified adaptivity optimization on logical and clock signal tuning, which enables us to significantly save resource. In addition, it does not need any assumption on variation distributions. Our unified optimization is based on a novel linear programming formulation which can be efficiently solved by an advanced robust linear programming technique. Due to the discrete nature of the problem, the continuous solution obtained from linear programming is then efficiently discretized. This procedure involves binary search accelerated dynamic programming, batch based optimization, and Latin Hypercube sampling based fast simulation. Our experimental results demonstrate that up to 50% area cost reduction can be obtained by the unified optimization compared to optimization on logic or clock alone. In addition, the proposed discretization approach significantly outperforms the alternatives in terms of solution quality and runtime.
Effect of High-Protein Diet on Pyrimidine Synthesis and Response to PALA in Mouse Tissues

BACKGROUND High-protein diets have been found to protect mice from the lethal effects of cytotoxic pyrimidine analogues and to reduce the toxicity of the antipyrimidine fluorouracil (5-FU), but the biochemical explanation for these effects is not known. PALA potentiates the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-FU, and each of the two agents can produce dose-limiting intestinal toxic effects. We have shown that intraperitoneal infusion of ammonium chloride stimulates intestinal de novo pyrimidine synthesis. This stimulation with excess ammonia, which can also result from high-protein intake, is dependent on the presence of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, an enzyme in the liver and intestine but not in most tumors. These findings suggest that a high-protein diet can stimulate pyrimidine synthesis in the liver and intestine but leave it unchanged in tumor tissue. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether varying dietary protein causes pharmacologically relevant and preferential changes in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. METHODS Mice were fed diets containing 18%, 35%, or 50% casein. Dietary effects on de novo pyrimidine synthesis were measured in the intestine, liver, and B16 mouse melanoma in mice treated with PALA and in untreated mice. De novo synthesis was measured by infusion of [15N]alanine into intact animals, determination of 15N incorporation into uracil by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and calculation of the fraction of the uracil nucleotide pool formed by de novo synthesis. RESULTS In mice on a 50% casein diet (high protein), de novo pyrimidine synthesis increased substantially in the liver and intestine, compared with synthesis in mice receiving 18% casein. Increase in pyrimidine synthesis in B16 tumor tissue was negligible. The high-protein diet protected the intestine and liver from depletion of uracil nucleotide pools by PALA, and toxicity in tumor-free animals was reduced, as determined by mortality after PALA treatment. Sensitivity of the B16 tumor to the biochemical and cytotoxic effects of PALA was not diminished. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the basis for these effects of a high-protein diet is the generation of excess carbamoyl phosphate in tissues containing carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. This carbamoyl phosphate can stimulate de novo pyrimidine synthesis and compete with drugs that interact with enzymes of the de novo pathway, thereby selectively protecting the liver and intestine. IMPLICATIONS These data provide a biochemical explanation for reported effects of high-protein diet on toxicity of antipyrimidines like 5-FU. Studies are underway to determine if stimulation of pyrimidine synthesis by excess ammonia improves therapy with 5-FU alone or combined with PALA.
Three-Dimensional Transient Residual Stress Finite Element Analysis for a Laser Clad Surface

Laser aided manufacturing process inherently includes many nonlinear and non-equilibrium transport phenomena due to non-uniform and rapid heat flow caused by the laser and the material interaction. Comprehensive understanding of the transport phenomenon and heat transfer analysis including phase transformation is essential to predict the effects of thermally induced residual stresses and distortions in deposited materials. It not only helps to improve the process but also reduces the long and cumbersome experimental route to compile sufficient data to predict the material behavior under similar loading conditions. This paper is an attempt towards a methodology of finite element analysis for the prediction of quenching related macroscopic as well as microscopic residual stress in a laser cladding process. A finite element program has been written to account for the micro-residual stress effects. The program is essentially a coupling between a preliminary estimation of temperature history of the system and the final prediction of residual stresses which also include the phase transformation kinetics of the material during its cooling. The importance of considering phase transformation effects during quenching is also verified through the comparison of the magnitudes of residual stresses with and without the inclusion of phase transformation kinetics. The FEA program for this model is a very useful tool for designing and optimizing Laseraided Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) process conditions so that products with the best internal quality and dimensional accuracy can be built.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Static retention of the lumenal monotopic membrane protein torsinA in the endoplasmic reticulum

TorsinA is a membrane-associated enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen that is mutated in DYT1 dystonia. How it remains in the ER has been unclear. We report that a hydrophobic N-terminal domain (NTD) directs static retention of torsinA within the ER by excluding it from ER exit sites, as has been previously reported for short transmembrane domains (TMDs). We show that despite the NTD's physicochemical similarity to TMDs, it does not traverse the membrane, defining torsinA as a lumenal monotopic membrane protein and requiring a new paradigm to explain retention. ER retention and membrane association are perturbed by a subset of nonconservative mutations to the NTD, suggesting that a helical structure with defined orientation in the membrane is required. TorsinA preferentially enriches in ER sheets, as might be expected for a lumenal monotopic membrane protein. We propose that the principle of membrane-based protein sorting extends to monotopic membrane proteins, and identify other proteins including the monotopic lumenal enzyme cyclooxygenase 1 (prostaglandin H synthase 1) that share this mechanism of retention with torsinA.
Colloidal assembly directed by virtual magnetic moulds

Interest in assemblies of colloidal particles has long been motivated by their applications in photonics, electronics, sensors and microlenses. Existing assembly schemes can position colloids of one type relatively flexibly into a range of desired structures, but it remains challenging to produce multicomponent lattices, clusters with precisely controlled symmetries and three-dimensional assemblies. A few schemes can efficiently produce complex colloidal structures, but they require system-specific procedures. Here we show that magnetic field microgradients established in a paramagnetic fluid can serve as 'virtual moulds' to act as templates for the assembly of large numbers (∼10(8)) of both non-magnetic and magnetic colloidal particles with micrometre precision and typical yields of 80 to 90 per cent. We illustrate the versatility of this approach by producing single-component and multicomponent colloidal arrays, complex three-dimensional structures and a variety of colloidal molecules from polymeric particles, silica particles and live bacteria and by showing that all of these structures can be made permanent. In addition, although our magnetic moulds currently resemble optical traps in that they are limited to the manipulation of micrometre-sized objects, they are massively parallel and can manipulate non-magnetic and magnetic objects simultaneously in two and three dimensions.
Network calculus based simulation for TCP congestion control: theorems, implementation and evaluation

In this paper, we examine the feasibility of incorporating network calculus based models in simulating TCP/IP networks. By exploiting network calculus properties, we characterize how TCP congestion control - additive increase and multiplicative decrease (AIMD), together with the queue management strategy used in routers, regulates TCP flows. We first divide the time axis into intervals (each of which consists of multiple round-trip times), and derive a TCP AIMD throughput model which derives the attainable throughput of a TCP flow, given the number of collisions in an interval. Then based on the derived throughput model, we define a set of network calculus based theorems that give upper and lower bounds on the attainable TCP throughput in each interval. Finally, we implement network calculus (NC) based simulation in ns-2, conduct simulation in both the packet mode and the network calculus-based mode, and measure the performance gain (in terms of the execution time thus reduced) and the error discrepancy (in terms of the discrepancy between NC-based simulation results and packet-level simulation results). The simulation results indicate an order of magnitude or more (maximally 30 times) improvement in execution time and the performance improvement becomes more pronounced as the network size increases (in perspective of network capacities and number of flows). The error discrepancy between NC-based simulation and packet-level simulation, on the other hand, is minimally 1-2% and maximally 8-12% in a wide spectrum of network topologies and traffic loads employed in this study. The simulation results also indicate the superiority of NC-based simulation over fluid model based simulation (the latter realized using the time stepped hybrid simulation).
Measurement of acetylcholine receptor and anti-receptor antibodies by ELISA.

Both acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and antibodies capable of binding to the AChR can be measured using the recently developed enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The assay is very sensitive and reproducible. Because of the relative simplicity of the ELISA in comparison to radioimmunoassay procedures currently used to measure anti-AChR antibodies, the ELISA may prove valuable as a clinical diagnostic tool for the human disease myasthenia gravis.
BOOK REVIEW: America's Nuclear Wastelands: Politics, Accountability, and Cleanup . Max S. Power. 2008. Washington State University Press, Pullman, WA. 192 pp. $19.95 paperback

With this book, Max Power has given us a thorough and thoughtful account of one of the most complex, difficult, and costly projects ever undertaken by our federal government: the cleanup of the nat...
Wiener's Lemma and Memory Localization

We obtain several versions of the non-commutative Wiener’s lemma for different matrix-like representations of localized operators in Hilbert spaces.
Policy Polarization among Party Elites and the Significance of Political Awareness in the Mass Public

This article analyzes opinions about abortion, racial, and social welfare policies, comparing their determinants among citizens with different levels of political information over the past several decades. Hypothesizing that growing elite partisan polarization may have exacerbated the political implications of differences in political awareness, the authors examine how increasing clarity of party–policy linkages among political elites influences party–policy linkages in the mass public. The results show that only the well informed responded to the growing elite polarization by becoming more partisan in their opinions. Apparently, in the absence of the motivation to develop coherent opinions, even a simplification of the political environment does not close the gaps between those who are more and less aware about politics.
Interaction of ZPR1 with Translation Elongation Factor-1α in Proliferating Cells

The zinc finger protein ZPR1 is present in the cytoplasm of quiescent mammalian cells and translocates to the nucleus upon treatment with mitogens, including epidermal growth factor (EGF). Homologues of ZPR1 were identified in yeast and mammals. These ZPR1 proteins bind to eukaryotic translation elongation factor-1α (eEF-1α). Studies of mammalian cells demonstrated that EGF treatment induces the interaction of ZPR1 with eEF-1α and the redistribution of both proteins to the nucleus. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genetic analysis demonstrated that ZPR1 is an essential gene. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the NH2-terminal region of ZPR1 is required for normal growth and that the COOH-terminal region was essential for viability in S. cerevisiae. The yeast ZPR1 protein redistributes from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to nutrient stimulation. Disruption of the binding of ZPR1 to eEF-1α by mutational analysis resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of cell cycle and defective growth. Reconstitution of the ZPR1 interaction with eEF-1α restored normal growth. We conclude that ZPR1 is essential for cell viability and that its interaction with eEF-1α contributes to normal cellular proliferation.
Aspects of Sex-Specific Differences in the Expression of an Alternative Life Cycle in the Salamander Ambystoma talpoideum

Abstract A recent evolutionary ecological model of facultative paedomorphosis predicts that body size of mature individuals should be larger than immatures of the same cohort. We investigated sex-specific differences in body size and maturation within a single cohort of branchiate (= larval and paedomorphic) mole salamanders, Ambystoma talpoideum. In addition, we also sampled the population after the breeding season, as some individuals began to undergo metamorphosis and leave the pond. The branchiate population was female-biased (62.7%), and mature (paedomorphic) females were significantly smaller than paedomorphic males or immature (larval) females. The majority of male branchiates were mature (86.6%), whereas significantly fewer females were mature (64.4%). After the reproductive season, males and females underwent metamorphosis in the same proportion in which they occurred in the branchiate population, although a significantly greater proportion of immature females metamorphosed (64.6%) compared to th...
RAPID PHAGOCYTOSIS AND MELANIZATION OF BACTERIA AND PLASMODIUM SPOROZOITES BY HEMOCYTES OF THE MOSQUITO AEDES AEGYPTI

Mosquitoes are vectors of many deadly and debilitating pathogens. In the current study, we used light and electron microscopies to study the immune response of Aedes aegypti hemocytes to bacterial inoculations, Plasmodium gallinaceum natural infections, and latex bead injections. After challenge, mosquitoes mounted strong phagocytic and melanization responses. Granulocytes phagocytosed bacteria singly or pooled them inside large membrane-delimited vesicles. Phagocytosis of bacteria, Plasmodium sporozoites, and latex beads was extensive; we estimated that individual granulocytes have the capacity to phagocytose hundreds of bacteria and thousands of latex particles. Oenocytoids were also seen to internalize bacteria and latex particles, although infrequently and with low capacity. Besides phagocytosis, mosquitoes cleared bacteria and sporozoites by melanization. Interestingly, the immune response toward 2 species of bacteria was different; most Escherichia coli were phagocytosed, but most Micrococcus luteus were melanized. Similar to E. coli, most Plasmodium sporozoites were phagocytosed. The immune response was rapid; phagocytosis and melanization of bacteria began as early as 5 min after inoculation. The magnitude and speed of the cellular response suggest that hemocytes, acting in concert with the humoral immune response, are the main force driving the battle against foreign invaders.
Grain boundary engineering of Co–Ni–Al, Cu–Zn–Al, and Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys by intergranular precipitation of a ductile solid solution phase

Abstract Many polycrystalline shape memory alloys, e.g., Co–Ni–Al, Cu–Zn–Al, and Cu–Al–Ni, undergo intergranular fracture. To improve their transformation ductility, we perform Grain Boundary Engineering and stimulate the precipitation of a ductile second phase, which is a face-centered-cubic solid solution, along grain boundaries, by tailoring composition and thermal processing. Orientation imaging confirms precipitation along grain boundaries and unimpeded martensite growth toward grain boundary precipitates. Differential Scanning Calorimetry confirms reversible martensitic transformations in these dual-phase samples. These precipitates can accommodate transformation strain, relieve constraint in adjacent austenite grains, and arrest cracks by extensive plastic deformation, thereby improving transformation ductility and shape memory effects.
Phase II study of topotecan in patients with extensive-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial.

PURPOSETo determine the response rate and survival of chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated with topotecan, and to determine the relationship of topotecan pharmacokinetics with response and toxicity.PATIENTS AND METHODSForty-eight patients with previously untreated, extensive-stage SCLC received 2.0 mg/m2 of topotecan daily for 5 days. The first 13 patients were treated without colony-stimulating factor (CSF) support; the next 35 patients received 5 micrograms/kg of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 10 to 14 days starting on day 6. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles. Patients who had a partial response to topotecan after four cycles, stable disease after two cycles, or progressive disease at any time received salvage chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. Topotecan pharmacokinetics were measured using a four-point sampling scheme.RESULTSOf 48 patients, none had a complete response and 19 had a partial respons...
Doping Organic Solids — Its Uses to Probe and to Modify Electronic Properties

Organic compounds in general provide interesting systems for doping experiments. On the one hand, the versatility of the organic molecules in terms of chemical changes can be the source of a variety of isostructural dopants. On the other hand, the relatively low density of the structure is helpful in terms of interstitial doping. Thus, it is experimentally feasible to perform a variety of doping experiments on these compounds. Moreover, these experiments are of great interest for two different reasons: doping can be used to gain understanding of the multitude of phase transitions that occur in organic conductors, and dopants can be used to introduce charge carriers into organic insulators and thus increase their conductivity. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the usefulness of doping in these two respects by exploring some examples. Let us start with the doping as a probe of phase transitions.
Kinetics of Carboplatin−DNA Binding in Genomic DNA and Bladder Cancer Cells As Determined by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Cisplatin and carboplatin are platinum-based drugs that are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. The cytotoxicity of these drugs is mediated by platinum-DNA monoadducts and intra- and interstrand diadducts, which are formed following uptake of the drug into the nucleus of cells. The pharmacodynamics of carboplatin display fewer side effects than for cisplatin, albeit with less potency, which may be due to differences in rates of DNA adduct formation. We report the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a sensitive detection method often used for radiocarbon quantitation, to measure both the kinetics of [14C]carboplatin-DNA adduct formation with genomic DNA and drug uptake and DNA binding in T24 human bladder cancer cells. Only carboplatin-DNA monoadducts contain radiocarbon in the platinated DNA, which allowed for calculation of kinetic rates and concentrations within the system. The percent of radiocarbon bound to salmon sperm DNA in the form of monoadducts was measured by AMS over 24 h. Knowledge of both the starting concentration of the parent carboplatin and the concentration of radiocarbon in the DNA at a variety of time points allowed calculation of the rates of Pt-DNA monoadduct formation and conversion to toxic cross-links. Importantly, the rate of carboplatin-DNA monoadduct formation was approximately 100-fold slower than that reported for the more potent cisplatin analogue, which may explain the lower toxicity of carboplatin. T24 human bladder cancer cells were incubated with a subpharmacological dose of [14C]carboplatin, and the rate of accumulation of radiocarbon in the cells and nuclear DNA was measured by AMS. The lowest concentration of radiocarbon measured was approximately 1 amol/10 microg of DNA. This sensitivity may allow the method to be used for clinical applications.
Design of an Infinite Swept Wing Glove for an In-Flight DRE Experiment

The Subsonic Aircraft Roughness Glove Experiment (SARGE) is an in-flight experiment designed to meet NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project requirements. The goal of the experiment was to demonstrate the discrete-roughness-element (DRE) technology to delay transition on a swept wing at transport-relevant conditions and subject to crossflow instability. In this paper a redesign of that experiment is described for a different aircraft (G-IIB), meeting the same requirements but using a new methodology that promotes infinite-swept-wing flow on the glove test article. The new glove has the designation TAMU-0706. Increasing the demonstrated capabilities of both natural laminar flow (NLF) and DREs is a large step towards practical laminar flow on transport aircraft. Moreover, the infinite-swept-wing flow methodology not only increases the effective test region of the wing glove but is well adapted for code-validation studies of DRE and other laminar-flow-control (LFC) technologies.
Incidence of latent hepatic disease in blood donors; possible relation to carrier state of viral hepatitis.

That viral hepatitis may be transmitted by whole blood or plasma is well known. The assumption has often been made that persons suffering from clinically inapparent infection are transient carriers of the virus and are infectious for only short periods of time. The existence of long-term asymptomatic carriers of the virus of hepatitis has been demonstrated recently by Neefe and his coworkers and by Stokes and his associates. In the study of Neefe and his collaborators, 14 cases of viral hepatitis occurring in recipients of 1 to 3 blood transfusions were reported. In each instance, at least 1 donor for each of the 14 patients was found to have 1 or more abnormal hepatic tests when recalled and examined following the onset of viral hepatitis in the recipient of this blood. Blood serum from 5 of these 6 suspected carriers transmitted viral hepatitis to volunteers. The results of this study were sufficiently striking to suggest a search for hepatic tests that might be found useful in detecting donors who are carriers of viral hepatitis. The present paper deals with the incidence of abnormal hepatic tests in a large series of blood donors selected at random at this hospital.
4704 Risk factors for early rebleeding after initial endoscopic hemostasis in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers.

Background & Aims: Rebleeding after initial endoscopic hemostasis in patients with ulcer hemorrhage was been reported in 20-30%. Identification of patients who are at high risk for rebleeding would be expected to improve the outcome of endoscopic hemostasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for early rebleeding after initial hemostasis in the view of clinical and endoscopic characteristics. Materials & Methods:We reviewed 99 patients who presented with bleeding peptic ulcers and were treated with endoscopic hemostasis including hypertonic saline injection, electrocautery and clipping. We compared the clinical variables (age, blood transfusioin, comorbid illness, initial systolic BP and pulse rate, hemoglobin), endoscopic characteristics of ulcer (size, number, and location of ulcer, clots on the base, bleeding stigmata, size and color of exposed vessle) and Baylor Bleeding Score between the patients who had early rebleeding (n=22) and who had no early rebleeding (n=77) within 5 days. All data were compared with Pearson's chisquare test in both groups, and multivariate analysis was tested with logistic regression and expressed as odds ratio in 95% confidence interval. Results: The stasistically significant correlates with early rebleeding after hemostasis were number of comorbid illness (≥2) (p=0.031), volume of transfusion (≥5 units) (p=0.001), size of ulcer (>1 cm) (p=0.024), multiple ulcers (p=0.017), presence of blood clots on ulcer base (p=0.008), stigmata (active bleeding and visible vessles) (p=0.005), size of vessle (>1 mm) (p=0.001) and pearl-colored vessle rather than black-colored (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, volume of transfusion (5.4;1.94-14.97), ulcer size (4.53;0.98-20.94), multiple ulcers (3.17;1.16-8.17) and size of exposed vessle (16.73;5.23-53.49) were significant risk factors. There was no correlation between Baylor Bleeding Score and rebleeding in our study. Old age(>60 years), smoking, NSAIDs use, initial systolic BP, initial hemoglobin, location of ulcer and H. pylori infection were not stastistically significant factors adversely affecting rebleeding. Conclusions: The risk factors for early rebleeding after hemostasis in bleeding peptic ulcer can be predicted by clinical variables and endoscopic findings. Early evaluation of risk factors such as transfusion over 5 units, large-sized ulcer, multiple ulcers and size of exposed vessle over 1 mm in initial hemostasis can improve the outcome of hemostasis.
Application of Method of Increasing Burden on Error Calibration of 1000 kV GIS Current Transformer

Test of error calibration of 1000 kV GIS Current Transformer is important of value source and relay protection in power measurement. The purpose of field error calibration test of Current Transformer is testifying phenomenon of error variability by transporting,installing and using. Method of traditional current transformer calibration is direct difference.So it is based on high current power. With voltage rank higher and higher,Field test is difficult for UHV CT because of high rated current and long circuit. For example, it needs 4200kvar capacity,which is condition of 6kA ratio current and 76mΩ circuit impedance.Even if adopting reactive compensation to supply a part of capacity,getting the capacity is hardly possible because experimentation cost is high. International experts in current transformer field do a lot of research and propose some usefull suggestion. Internal experts such as ZHAO Xiu-ming come out some indirect method of error calibration.But there are some lack of these method.In order to discuss a compatible method of UHV CT in field error calibration test and considering of symmetry installment and low electromagnetic field,there is a indirect method based on equivalent T-type circuit by increasing burden which gains error in high current though it in low condition.To prove the feasibility of this method,this paper launchs a simulative test by direct and indirect methods on UHV CT. The result shows that ratio error is only 0.002% and phase error is only 0.1'.This result is not out extend of difference in GB 1208-2007.In UHV engineering,error of 1000kV GIS Current Transformer with method of increasing burden is less difference.This method is feasible in field error calibration test of UHV Current Transformer.
Research on method for determination of phthalates by gas chromatography in plastic packing materials

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of five phthalates in plastic packing materials by gas chromatography.Methods:After being extracted from hexane by ultrasonic and concentrated by N2,the samples were determined by GC-FID.Results:Five phthalates were separated from each other,the correlation coefficients were all above 0.999,the values of recoveries and RSD's were found to be in the range of 84.8%~103% and 2.6%～4.5% respectively,the detection limits(MDLs) were between 2.0 μg/kg and 8.6 μg/kg.Conclusion:The method is sensitive,low-cost and simple and is applicable to the lab for daily monitoring and inspection.
Quality Control for Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

This paper introduces the experiences of several aspects of quality control measures,such as the selection of chemical reagents,experimental use of water and containers,the preparation of standard solution and sample,equipment conditions,and so on.
Message from chairs

We develop cache and energy efficient algorithms to align very long sequences. These algorithms were evaluated experimentally on a single node of the IBM Blue Gene/Q. We were able to reduce the run time of the classical Myers and Miller linear space alignment algorithm by up to 43%; energy consumption was reduced by up to 45% on our test data.