cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“SABER”: A new software tool for radiotherapy treatment plan evaluation

Purpose: Both spatial and biological information are necessary in order to perform true optimization of a treatment plan and for predicting clinical outcome. The goal of this work is to develop an enhanced treatment plan evaluation tool which incorporates biological parameters and retains spatialdoseinformation. Methods: A software system is developed which provides biological plan evaluation with a novel combination of features. It incorporates hyper-radiosensitivity using the induced-repair model and applies the new concept of dose convolution filter (DCF) to simulate dose wash-out effects due to cell migration, bystander effect, and/or tissue motion during treatment. Further, the concept of spatial DVH (sDVH) is introduced to evaluate and potentially optimize the spatialdose distribution in the target volume. Finally, generalized equivalent uniform dose is derived from both the physical dose distribution (gEUD) and the distribution of equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions ( gEUD 2 ) and the software provides three separate models for calculation of tumor control probability (TCP), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), and probability of uncomplicated tumor control ( P + ) . TCP, NTCP, and P + are provided as a function of prescribed dose and multivariable TCP, NTCP, and P + plots are provided to illustrate the dependence on individual parameters used to calculate these quantities. Ten plans from two clinical treatment sites are selected to test the three calculation models provided by this software. Results: By retaining both spatial and biological information about the dose distribution, the software is able to distinguish features of radiotherapy treatment plans not discernible using commercial systems. Plans that have similar DVHs may have different spatial and biological characteristics and the application of novel tools such as sDVH and DCF within the software may substantially change the apparent plan quality or predicted plan metrics such as TCP and NTCP. For the cases examined, both the calculation method and the application of DCF can change the ranking order of competing plans. The voxel-by-voxel TCP model makes it feasible to incorporate spatial variations of clonogen densities ( n ) , radiosensitivities ( S F 2 ) , and fractionation sensitivities ( α / β ) as those data become available. Conclusions: The new software incorporates both spatial and biological information into the treatment planning process. The application of multiple methods for the incorporation of biological and spatialinformation has demonstrated that the order of application of biological models can change the order of plan ranking. Thus, the results of plan evaluation and optimization are dependent not only on the models used but also on the order in which they are applied. This software can help the planner choose more biologically optimal treatment plans and potentially predict treatment outcome more accurately.
Nutritional quality of meals served by selected foodservices

A review of the nutritional quality of foods served by selected types of foodservices reveals the lack of information in this area. The foodservice industry is growing rapidly with new technological innovations and management practices. However, little effort has been made toward the nutrient quality of foods served by important foodservice operations. Foodservice operations are discussed from the institutional and commercial point of view. Under the institutional type, foodservices in nursing homes, hospitals, schools, colleges, and universities are discussed. Fast foodservices are primarily focused under commercial type of foodservices. Other discussions are based on nutrient contents of foods prepared in quantities. Lack of data pertaining to nutrient content of foods served by foodservice operations is evident.
Computer measurement of social motivation

This study examined a computer implementation of an algebraic model which assumes that a person’s utility for a given social outcome is a simple linear function of the outcomes to self and to the other person in the interaction. The computer estimated the subject’s social motivation orientation based solely on his choices in a series of decomposed games. The computer-measured motives closely corresponded to the verbally stated reasons subjects gave. A central advantage of the present method is that social motivation can be studied in a unified fashion, without artificial restriction to single substantive categories such as aggression, altruism, or cooperation/competition.
Neural representation of verb meaning: an fMRI study.

The neural basis for verb comprehension has proven elusive, in part because of the limited range of verb categories that have been assessed. In the present study, 16 healthy young adults were probed for the meaning associated with verbs of MOTION and verbs of COGNITION. We observed distinct patterns of activation for each verb subcategory: MOTION verbs are associated with recruitment of left ventral temporal-occipital cortex, bilateral prefrontal cortex and caudate, whereas COGNITION verbs are associated with left posterolateral temporal activation. These findings are consistent with the claim that the neural representations of verb subcategories are distinct. Although the “sensory-motor” hypothesis may play a role in explaining activation associated with MOTION verbs, the left posterolateral temporal distribution of cortical activation associated with COGNITION verbs cannot be easily explained by the “sensory-motor” hypothesis. We suggest that left posterolateral temporal activation supports aspects of lexical semantic processing concerned with the neural representation of propositional knowledge contributing to COGNITION verbs. Hum. Brain Mapping 15:124–134, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Student workers: the heart of the help desk

Managing a Help Desk staffed with part-time student workers can be quite a challenge. However, it has been the experience of the Louisiana State University Office of Computing Services (OCS) Technology Support Staff that developing the right mix of procedures and policies makes for a much more efficient work environment for both the part-time student and the full-time personnel. This paper will focus on the policies and procedures put into place at the OCS Help Desk. This includes: 1.Obtaining the right student workers for a Help Desk environment: Support Staff from various departments within Computing Services developed a new program to attract, interview, test, and place potential student workers in the environment best suited to their wants and needs within the organization. 2.Training student analysts: Several traditional and non-traditional training methods are used in the OCS Help Desk environment that makes for a fun and challenging learning experience. On-Line testing, role playing, coaching, and one-on-one training are all ways in which students are trained at the Help Desk. 3.Providing the right resources and tools in order for them to do their job efficiently and correctly: Microsoft NetMeeting, MSN Messenger, Documentation, Knowledge Base, 2-way radios, Active Desktop, and daily information emails are examples of the various tools used by the student workers to effectively do their jobs. 4.Supporting and encouraging student workers: Evaluating techniques, monitoring, and reward systems are all used to help encourage and support our student worker staff.Student workers are the heart of our Help Desk here at LSU. Faced with the many challenges of staffing a Help Desk with part-time student workers, OCS Help Desk management and staff have come up with creative processes and procedures to help transform the image of that of a traditional part-time student worker to part-time professional staff.
Cross-reaction of BK virus large T antigen with monoclonal antibodies directed against SV40 large T antigen

Seventy-five percent of the amino acid sequence of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is identical to that of the large T antigen of the human papovavirus, BK virus (BKV). Cross-reactivity between BKV T antigen and monoclonal antibodies directed against SV40 T antigen was studied by immunofluorescence, an enzyme immunoassay, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled extracts, and Western blotting. BKV T antigen was found to be recognized by two monoclonal antibodies, PAb 416 and 430, which react with two distinct sites toward the amino terminus of SV40 large T antigen. These two sites may correspond to two hydrophilic regions of shared amino acid sequence which exist toward the amino termini of the T antigens.
Further Observations on Epithelialization of Small Wounds

Linear incisions were made on the back skin of rabbits and 3 H-thymidine was injected intravenously during various stages of epithelialization of the wounds. Biopsy specimens were taken 30 minutes and one to three days after injection of the tracer. In the migrating epithelium, the nuclei of basally located cells were labeled thirty minutes after the introduction of 3 H-thymidine. The cells located at higher levels did not incorporate the tracer. One or two days later, labeled nuclei also appeared in the upper layers. After wound closure, nuclei were labeled in the basal layer of the epithelium 30 minutes after the introduction of 3 H-thymidine. One day later, labeled nuclei appeared in both basal and suprabasal layers, and after three days the nuclei of parakeratotic surface cells were also labeled. These observations indicate that the cells which emigrate from the epidermis divide and differentiate while they move over the wound surface. Thus, mitosis and differentiation are not incompatible with migration as it has been postulated by previous workers. It is concluded that both mitotic and differentiating cells participate in formation of a protective cover over skin wounds.
The Hydrogen‐Bonded Framework of the First Anti‐Zeotype: [{(H2NEt2)2}2(CuCl4)][AlCl4]

A two-coordinate cationic link between [CuCl4 ]3- tetrahedra by means of two inversion-related dialkylammonium cations yields the hydrogen-bonded A2 X anti-cristobalite framework [{(H2 NEt2 )2 }2 (CuCl4 )]+ . This novel cationic framework is constructed around space-filling and templating [AlCl4 ]- anions resulting in large pores (16.6×6.7 A).
THE INCIDENCE OF A SPECIFIC, PER‐UNIT TAX: AN EMPHASIS ON THE LONG RUN

The treatment of tax incidence in most principles textbooks is incomplete and misleading. This anomaly results from treating tax incidence as a short‐run phenomenon. This paper briefly reviews the theory regarding tax incidence and surveys the leading textbooks in regard to their treatment of this issue. A strong recommendation is made that tax incidence—if covered in a principles text—be treated only in a long‐run context.
Estimation and analysis of survival distributions for radio-tagged animals.

We present results on the estimation of survival distributions for an important problem in animal ecology. The problem involves estimation of survival distributions using radio-tagged animals. It requires allowance for censored observations due to radio failure, emigration from the study area, and animals surviving past the end of the study period. We show that survival analysis techniques already used in medical and engineering studies may be applied to this problem. Emphasis is placed on the model assumptions and the need for further research. An example to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of this approach is presented.
Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy: a cohort study with an eighteen-year follow-up.

Aim: Sudden unexplained death is a significant cause of mortality in adults with epilepsy. Only a few data exist about this risk in childhood. Methods: Cases of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) up to the age of 18 y occurring at our hospital between 1984 and 2001 were identified. The incidence rate was calculated on the basis of diagnosed epileptics registered with a statutory disability insurance scheme. Results: Four cases of SUDEP were identified during the 18-y period. The incidence of SUDEP was 4.3 per 10 000 patient-years. All children showed polytherapy-refractory epilepsy, developmental retardation and early-onset epilepsy. Two witnessed cases had shown no previous signs of seizure. Conclusion: SUDEP is rare in childhood. Children with uncomplicated epilepsy seem not to be at risk.
Monitoring in the intensive care unit is not always necessary

Most patients receiving spinal narcotics can be monitored adequately by well-trained nurses on postoperative or postdelivery wards. Patients at high risk (e.g., those with preexisting lung disease or many elderly patients) do need monitoring in the intensive care unit. Also requiring special monitoring are patients for whom epidural narcotics alone will not cover their pain, such as young patients with multiple trauma. Patients without these restrictions, however, can be monitored successfully outside the intensive care unit, although the dose of epidural narcotic should be kept as low as possible.
Medication compliance during a smoking cessation clinical trial: a brief intervention using MEMS feedback.

This study examined the role of a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) to assess pill-taking behavior and enhance compliance within a randomized trial of bupropion-SR for smoking cessation. Female participants (N = 97) received MEMS bottles containing bupropion-SR 150 mg or placebo, to be taken twice daily. A randomly selected “feedback” group of participants was told about the recording device in the bottle cap and received weekly graphic feedback showing their pill-taking behavior with specific instructions for improving compliance. A “no-feedback” group was not informed about the MEMS bottles, and did not receive further instruction or feedback beyond the standard dosing instructions. Compliance outcomes were the total doses taken and number of doses taken within the prescribed time interval. Results indicated significantly higher compliance over time for the feedback group. Participation in the feedback group predicted higher compliance beyond demographic, smoking, and health belief variables, suggesting significant benefit in providing brief feedback and instruction throughout the medication regimen.
J/ψ and ψ′ production with 800 GeV protons

Abstract The yields of J / ψ and ψ′ vector meson states have been measured for 800 GeV protons incident on deuterium, carbon, calcium, iron and tungsten targets. A depletion of the yield per nucleon from heavy nuclei is observed for both J / ψ and ψ′ production. This depletion exhibits a strong dependence on χ F and p t .
Structure and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cationic Defects in Amorphous Silicon Dioxide. 1. Cluster Studies

We present the first systematic ab initio study of cationic defects in a-SiO2. Cluster models are employed to show that the presence of cationic defects (H+, Li+, Be2+, Na+, and Mg2+) can have large effects on both the structure and (hyper)polarizabilities of the material. The interaction of the proton with the cluster model demonstrates that it is unique compared to the other group IA and IIA cations in the study.
New synthesis of phenyl/phenyl end-capped tetraaniline in the leucoemeraldine and emeraldine oxidation states

Abstract New synthetic methods have been developed for the synthesis of analytically pure phenyl/phenyl end-capped tetraaniline both in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state and in the emeraldine oxidation state. The phenyl/phenyl end-capped tetraaniline in both oxidation states has been well characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy and UV–VIS spectroscopy.
Husserl’s Crisis and Our Crisis

Dermot Moran’s Husserl’s Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction (henceforth, Introduction for short) is a particularly important and timely book. This is ...
Maximum entropy based generic filter for language model adaptation

Language model (LM) adaptation has been shown to be very important in reducing the word error rate (WER) in task specific speech recognition systems. Adaptation data collected in the real world, however, usually contain large amounts of non-dictated text, such as email headers, long URL, code fragments, included reply, signature, etc., that the user never dictates. Adapting with these data may corrupt the LM. We propose a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) based filter to remove a variety of non-dictated words from the adaptation data and improve the effectiveness of the LM adaptation. We argue that this generic filter is language independent and efficient. We describe the design of the filter, and show that the use of the filter can give us 10% relative WER reduction over LM adaptation without filtering, and 22% relative WER reduction over the unadapted LM in an English email dictation task.
Disability management in industry: the new paradigm in injured worker rehabilitation

Trends in injured worker rehabilitation suggest a major paradigm shift from community-based services to worksite-based disability management. Employers are assuming greater control, responsibility and accountability for reducing workers' compensation costs. This article discusses the cost savings associated with effective work injury management. The essential components of an optimal disability management system are reviewed, including early intervention and critical steps in the disability management process. Strategies that impact positively on labour relations are suggested.
Oligogenic heterozygosity in individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neuro-developmental disorders. While significant progress has been made in the identification of genes and copy number variants associated with syndromic autism, little is known to date about the etiology of idiopathic non-syndromic autism. Sanger sequencing of 21 known autism susceptibility genes in 339 individuals with high-functioning, idiopathic ASD revealed de novo mutations in at least one of these genes in 6 of 339 probands (1.8%). Additionally, multiple events of oligogenic heterozygosity were seen, affecting 23 of 339 probands (6.8%). Screening of a control population for novel coding variants in CACNA1C, CDKL5, HOXA1, SHANK3, TSC1, TSC2 and UBE3A by the same sequencing technology revealed that controls were carriers of oligogenic heterozygous events at significantly (P < 0.01) lower rate, suggesting oligogenic heterozygosity as a new potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of ASDs.
Comparative Efficacy versus Effectiveness of Initial Antiretroviral Therapy in Clinical Trials versus Routine Care

The applicability of clinical trial findings (efficacy) to the routine care setting (effectiveness) may be limited. The present study found that first-year virological and CD4 + cell count outcomes among antiretroviral-naive patients treated through routine care were similar to outcomes among patients participating in clinical trials.Background. The applicability of clinical trial findings (efficacy) to the routine care setting (effectiveness) may be limited because of study eligibility criteria and volunteer bias. Although well-chronicled in many conditions, the efficacy versus effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains understudied.Methods. A retrospective study of the University of Alabama at Birmingham 1917 Clinic Cohort evaluated ART-naive patients who started ART from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2006. Patients received ART through clinical trials or routine care. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were fit to evaluate factors associated with virological failure (virological failure was defined as a viral load >50 copies/mL) and change from baseline CD4 + cell count 6 and 12 months after ART initiation. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the impact of missing data on outcomes.Results. Among 570 patients starting ART during the study period, 121 (21%) enrolled in clinical trials, and 449 (79%) received ART via routine care. ART receipt through routine care was not associated with viral failure at either 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–1.86) or 12 months (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.80–3.05) in primary analyses. No statistically significant differences in CD4 + cell count responses at 6 and 12 months were observed.Conclusions. Although marked differences in efficacy versus effectiveness have been observed in the therapeutic outcomes of other conditions, our analyses found no evidence of such divergence among our patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Civitas in Early Medieval Central Europe—Stronghold or District?:

Several generations of historians and archaeologists have debated the meaning of the word civitas used in Frankish sources in the 9th and 10th centuries. This argument principally involves a short geographical tract whose anonymous author is known as the so-called ‘Bavarian Geographer’. The 9th-century civitas has been interpreted as designating either a stronghold or, according to the definition in classical Latin, a district. Although the former meaning now seems to have gained popularity in recent scholarship, the latter has still not disappeared and, most importantly, the reasons underlying the adoption of either of these definitions have remained unclear. In this article, the evidence in Frankish written documents is systematically analysed and it is concluded that the so-called ‘Bavarian Geographer’ certainly used the word civitas with the meaning of stronghold, which was common in his time and place, and not with the meaning of district.
HDDM: Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of the Drift-Diffusion Model in Python.

The diffusion model is a commonly used tool to infer latent psychological processes underlying decision making, and to link them to neural mechanisms based on reaction times. Although efficient open source software has been made available to quantitatively fit the model to data, current estimation methods require an abundance of reaction time measurements to recover meaningful parameters, and only provide point estimates of each parameter. In contrast, hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation methods are useful for enhancing statistical power, allowing for simultaneous estimation of individual subject parameters and the group distribution that they are drawn from, while also providing measures of uncertainty in these parameters in the posterior distribution. Here, we present a novel Python-based toolbox called HDDM (hierarchical drift diffusion model), which allows fast and flexible estimation of the the drift-diffusion model and the related linear ballistic accumulator model. HDDM requires fewer data per subject / condition than non-hierarchical method, allows for full Bayesian data analysis, and can handle outliers in the data. Finally, HDDM supports the estimation of how trial-by-trial measurements (e.g. fMRI) influence decision making parameters. This paper will first describe the theoretical background of drift-diffusion model and Bayesian inference. We then illustrate usage of the toolbox on a real-world data set from our lab. Finally, parameter recovery studies show that HDDM beats alternative fitting methods like the chi-quantile method as well as maximum likelihood estimation. The software and documentation can be downloaded at: http://ski.clps.brown.edu/hddm_docs
Constructing decision functions with augmented ordinal information

Our concern is with the problem of constructing decision functions to aid in making decision under uncertainty. We discuss the tradeoff that has to be made, when selecting a scale for representing our possible payoffs, between the power of the scale and the burden of the scale. We consider here the situation in which our basic scale is an ordinal scale, however we augment this scale by allowing an additional notion, a classification of payoffs as to whether they are acceptable or not. This allows us to have information such as A is preferred to B but both are acceptable. We indicate that this formally corresponds to an ordinal scale with a denoted element and call such a scale a denoted ordinal scale (DOS). It is shown that this augmentation of the ordinal scale increases the power of the scale and therefore allows us to build more sophisticated decision models.
Identification of HiNF-P, a key activator of cell cycle-controlled histone H4 genes at the onset of S phase

At the G(1)/S phase cell cycle transition, multiple histone genes are expressed to ensure that newly synthesized DNA is immediately packaged as chromatin. Here we have purified and functionally characterized the critical transcription factor HiNF-P, which is required for E2F-independent activation of the histone H4 multigene family. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and ligation-mediated PCR-assisted genomic sequencing, we show that HiNF-P interacts with conserved H4 cell cycle regulatory sequences in vivo. Antisense inhibition of HiNF-P reduces endogenous histone H4 gene expression. Furthermore, we find that HiNF-P utilizes NPAT/p220, a substrate of the cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) kinase complex, as a key coactivator to enhance histone H4 gene transcription. The biological role of HiNF-P is reflected by impeded cell cycle progression into S phase upon antisense-mediated reduction of HiNF-P levels. Our results establish that HiNF-P is the ultimate link in a linear signaling pathway that is initiated with the growth factor-dependent induction of cyclin E/CDK2 kinase activity at the restriction point and culminates in the activation of histone H4 genes through HiNF-P at the G(1)/S phase transition.
Characterization of the murine immunological signaling network with phosphospecific flow cytometry.

The immune system is a multitiered network that at the first level uses changes to intracellular signaling proteins to commit cells to determined fates. At the second tier, cells interact with one another via specifically expressed surface receptors and their cognate signaling molecules. At the third level, the local environments of immune cells change the outcomes of intracellular signaling pathways and thereby the role of cells during immune challenge. The interplay among these three tiers allows the distinct cell types of the immune system to respond cohesively to eliminate foreign Ags. In this study, using phosphospecific flow cytometry, we analyze elements of these network tiers by generating profiles of single-cell phosphoprotein responses in B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells to a number of mechanistically and clinically relevant cytokines (IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-2, and IL-10) as well as LPS at key regulatory interfaces (Jak-Stat and MAPK pathways). The stimuli typically induced phosphorylation of specific signaling pathways and exerted their effects on distinct subsets of immune cells. However, upon comparison of stimulation in vitro and in vivo, we noted that signaling pathway specificity and cell type specificity were influenced strongly by the external environment. When taken from the in vivo environment, certain cell subsets became hypo- or hyper-responsive, showed profound differences in sensitivity to cytokine levels, or displayed altered phosphorylation kinetics. Thus, simultaneous analysis of the three tiers of the immune system network illustrates the principles by which immune regulation is context dependent and how in vitro culture systems compare with the in vivo environment.
Variations in Body Mass Index Among Older Americans: The Roles of Social and Lifestyle Factors

Objectives: To investigate the correlates of body mass index (BMI) among a national sample of older adults in the United States. Method: Data used in these analyses were part of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Generalized ordered logistic regression was used to analyze difference between normal weight, overweight, moderately obese, and severely obese adults (n = 1,143) above the age of 65 years. Results: A higher BMI was more common among those with greater activities of daily living (ADL) limitations, greater use of prescription medicines (≥7), greater number of cardiovascular-related disorders (1 or ≥2), and those aged 65 to 74 years. Discussion: The findings acknowledge relationships between health characteristics, disability, and BMI among a national sample of older adults. These results suggest that prevention and management of health conditions, basic ADL, and BMI may be reasonable targets for intervention.
Integrating Nuclear Energy to Oilfield Operations – Two Case Studies

Fossil fuel resources that require large energy inputs for extraction, such as the Canadian oil sands and the Green River oil shale resource in the western USA, could benefit from the use of nuclear power instead of power generated by natural gas combustion. This paper discusses the technical and economic aspects of integrating nuclear energy with oil sands operations and the development of oil shale resources. A high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) that produces heat in the form of high pressure steam (no electricity production) was selected as the nuclear power source for both fossil fuel resources. Both cases were based on 50,000 bbl/day output. The oil sands case was a steam-assisted, gravity-drainage (SAGD) operation located in the Canadian oil sands belt. The oil shale development was an in-situ oil shale retorting operation located in western Colorado, USA. The technical feasibility of the integrating nuclear power was assessed. The economic feasibility of each case was evaluated using a discounted cash flow, rate of return analysis. Integrating an HTGR to both the SAGD oil sands operation and the oil shale development was found to be technically feasible for both cases. In the oil sands case, integrating an HTGR eliminated natural gasmore » combustion and associated CO2 emissions, although there were still some emissions associated with imported electrical power. In the in situ oil shale case, integrating an HTGR reduced CO2 emissions by 88% and increased natural gas production by 100%. Economic viabilities of both nuclear integrated cases were poorer than the non-nuclear-integrated cases when CO2 emissions were not taxed. However, taxing the CO2 emissions had a significant effect on the economics of the non-nuclear base cases, bringing them in line with the economics of the nuclear-integrated cases. As we move toward limiting CO2 emissions, integrating non-CO2-emitting energy sources to the development of energy-intense fossil fuel resources is becoming increasingly important. This paper attempts to reduce the barriers that have traditionally separated fossil fuel development and application of nuclear power and to promote serious discussion of ideas about hybrid energy systems.« less
The experience of being an occupational therapist with a disability.

Objective This study addressed what it is like to practice as an occupational therapist with a disability. Method Open-ended interviews using a phenomenological approach were conducted with 10 participants until data saturation was achieved. Each transcripted interview was coded for categories, and the common themes across transcripts were identified. Results These major themes were identified: "I am sensitive to their needs"; "The issue is how to cope with life"; and "Recognize your own strengths and limits." Each theme had several subcategories. Conclusions Occupational therapists with disabilities approach their practice from a unique perspective and may be able to motivate and challenge clients in a different manner than therapists without disabilities. Therapists with disabilities perceive themselves as uniquely skilled persons who have developed successful strategies to cope with the experience of disability.
Ion energetics in the inner coma of comet Halley

The cometary plasma in the magnetic barrier just outside the diamagnetic cavity which surrounds the nucleus of comet Halley is virtually stagnant. The outflowing neutral gas exerts an outward ion-neutral drag force on this plasma, which balances the inward magnetic pressure gradient force in the vicinity of the contact surface. The cometary ions are frictionally heated due to the relative motion of the ion and neutral gases. The ion flow velocity must have a few km/s non-radial component in order to explain the ion temperatures measured by the ion mass spectrometer on Giotto.
The Moccasin Telegraph: Sign-Talk Autobiography and Pretty-shield, Medicine Woman of the Crows

In 1931, Crow medicine woman Pretty Shield delivered her oral autobiography to Frank Linderman, simultaneously through an interpreter of spoken Crow, and without translation to Linderman in Indian Sign Language. Pretty Shield's and Linderman's use of the sign language within this autobiography, coupled with Pretty Shield's explanations of historical use of the sign language among precontact Crow people, suggests new views of various critical problems within the hybrid genre of American Indian autobiography, of which this text is one example. Pretty Shield's husband, Goes Ahead, used the sign language to scout for General George Armstrong Custer at the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn; Pretty Shield's account of the sign language in this battle additionally provides a rare and understudied interpretation of the Battle of the Little Bighorn, and of the larger American frontier histories in which sign talk played a significant role.
Composition of Fresh and Storage Eggs from Hens Fed Cottonseed and Non-Cottonseed Rations. I. General Observations

Abstract A SERIOUS objection to the use of cottonseed products in laying rations is their detrimental effect on the quality of eggs during cold storage (Thompson, 1918; Sherwood, 1928; Upp, 1932, Sipe, 1931). The yolks may become enlarged and altered in consistency and both yolks and whites may change color. Commercial candlers place these abnormal storage eggs in the lowest grades, or discard them as rots because of the dark yolk shadow cast, despite the fact that bacteriological studies have shown no difference between them and non-cottonseed stored eggs. The eggs are not unfit for food but they are objectionable in appearance and, therefore, not marketable. During our studies it was observed that eggs from hens fed non-cottonseed rations develop many of the same undesirable characteristics if left in cold storage long enough. To elucidate the nature of the changes occurring during cold storage, a series of experiments was conducted to . . .
Neutropenia in systemic lupus erythematosus

This report provides new evidence that accelerated apoptosis of neutrophils and their precursors is an important mechanism for neutropenia in systemic lupus erythematosus. In this issue of Blood, Matsuyama and colleagues (page [184][1]) report a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of neutropenia
The auditory bulla in carnivora: An anatomical basis for reappraisal of carnivore evolution

Basicranial anatomy of mammalian carnivores is significant in the determination of carnivore evolution. One of the least understood yet most often studied features of the basicranium is the auditory bulla, a bony capsule enclosing the middle ear. Although previously believed to be formed by a tympanic bone alone, or by tympanic and entotympanic, it is shown here that the carnivore bulla is formed by three and in some cases four ontogenetic elements: tympanic, rostral entotympanic, caudal entotympanic(s). These elements in Carnivora appear to correspond to bulla elements discovered over 50 years ago by Van der Klaauw in representative species of several other orders of mammals. Increased auditory sensitivity appears to have been attained in various carnivore lineages by increase in the volume of the middle ear cavity, principally by hypertrophy of the caudal entotympanic, but also by different yet less common anatomical strategies such as invasion of the mastoid bone by the middle ear space. Five basic types of bulla among living Carnivora can be recognized, based largely on the relationship of the caudal entotympanic to the other bulla elements. Closely associated with the bulla in the auditory region are the median and promontory branches of the internal carotid artery. These branches exhibit a precise relationship to the bulla elements, particularly the rostral entotympanic. The promontory branch is much reduced or completely lacking in all living carnivores. Reduction or loss of the median branch is explained as the result of the development of arterial retia on the anastomotic artery in the orbital region. Reduction of the median branch is particularly characteristic of the aeluroid Carnivora, in which a greater proportion of the cerebral blood supply passes to the brain in the external carotid artery via the anastomotic branch, and is cooled in the orbital region by a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism formed by arterial retia closely associated with venous blood in surrounding sinuses. The arctoid and cynoid Carnivora are characterized by only rudimentary development of retia along the anastomotic artery, and the median branch is much better developed than in the aeluroids. Among arctoids, ursids parallel the aeluroids in the development of a countercurrent mechanism but employ the median branch of the internal carotid rather than the anastomotic branch of the external carotid artery. Bulla structure and nature of the carotid circulation in the auditory region can be determined from fossil Carnivora as well as for living forms. This study attempts to define basicranial anatomical patterns characteristic of living Carnivora which then can be used to trace the evolution of lineages in the fossil record.
Statistics-based parallelization of XPath queries in shared memory systems

The wide availability of commodity multi-core systems presents an opportunity to address the latency issues that have plaqued XML query processing. However, simply executing multiple XML queries over multiple cores merely addresses the throughput issue: intra-query parallelization is needed to exploit multiple processing cores for better latency. Toward this effort, this paper investigates the parallelization of individual XPath queries over shared-address space multi-core processors. Much previous work on parallelizing XPath in a distributed setting failed to exploit the shared memory parallelism of multi-core systems. We propose a novel, end-to-end parallelization framework that determines the optimal way of parallelizing an XML query. This decision is based on a statistics-based approach that relies both on the query specifics and the data statistics. At each stage of the parallelization process, we evaluate three alternative approaches, namely, data-, query-, and hybrid-partitioning. For a given XPath query, our parallelization algorithm uses XML statistics to estimate the relative efficiencies of these different alternatives and find an optimal parallel XPath processing plan. Our experiments using well-known XML documents validate our parallel cost model and optimization framework, and demonstrate that it is possible to accelerate XPath processing using commodity multi-core systems.
Disabling the Flâneur

This article uses a photograph of the famous American blind advocate Helen Keller window-shopping in Paris during the late 1930s to meditate on and, ultimately, to challenge the scholarly literature that limits the way we understand the concept of the flâneur, the celebrated street-walker who has been an icon of urban modernity since the 19th century. The article re-evaluates narratives of urban modernity by suggesting that, in terms of charting genealogies of modern subjectivity, the sensorial and tactile experiences of disabled people should be included alongside the able-bodied privileges of the flâneur. The photograph of Keller is juxtaposed with the image of a group of disabled veterans to explore how the gendered dimensions of disability were deployed in French visual culture in the interwar period. The article closes with a meditation on the possible limits of representing disability in the contemporary French public sphere.
Integrating Attachment and Depression in the Confluence Model of Sexual Assault Perpetration

This study sought to extend the confluence model of sexual assault perpetration by examining attachment insecurity and depression as additional predictors of sexual aggression. Male college students (N = 193) completed an online questionnaire assessing confluence model constructs in addition to attachment and history of depression. Overall, the model fit the data well, χ2(11, 193) = 19.43, p = ns; root mean square error of approximation = .063; comparative fit index = .94. Attachment and depression demonstrated both direct and indirect relationships with perpetration severity. The results contribute to elucidating the process by which certain men become susceptible to perpetrating sexual assault. Implications are discussed.
Helping Students Respond Creatively to a Complex World

The content, structure and outcomes of educational experiences depend greatly on the internal models through which individuals and groups of individuals view the world. The structure and content of many school curricula and standards are based on intuitions, beliefs, and assumptions about systems and learning founded on the internal models of 18th Century scientists and philosophers such as Descartes, Newton, and Laplace.
Combining SSH and cDNA microarrays for rapid identification of differentially expressed genes

Comparing patterns of gene expression in cell lines and tissues has important applications in a variety of biological systems. In this study we have examined whether the emerging technology of cDNA microarrays will allow a high throughput analysis of expression of cDNA clones generated by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). A set of cDNA clones including 332 SSH inserts amplified by PCR was arrayed using robotic printing. The cDNA arrays were hybridized with fluorescent labeled probes prepared from RNA from ER-positive (MCF7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100) breast cancer cell lines. Ten clones were identified that were over-expressed by at least a factor of five in the ER-positive cell lines. Northern blot analysis confirmed over-expression of these 10 cDNAs. Sequence analysis identified four of these clones as cytokeratin 19, GATA-3, CD24 and glutathione-S-transferase mu-3. Of the remaining six cDNA clones, four clones matched EST sequences from two different genes and two clones were novel sequences. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence confirmed that CD24 protein was over-expressed in the ER-positive cell lines. We conclude that SSH and microarray technology can be successfully applied to identify differentially expressed genes. This approach allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes without the need to obtain previously cloned cDNAs.
A comparative assessment of mandibular condylar position in patients with anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the position of the mandibular condyle in patients with anterior disc displacement (ADD) is different from that of a control group with normal joints using a novel method to quantify the irregular shape of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six magnetic resonance images of TMJs with ADD were evaluated and compared with 14 normal joints. The position of the condyle was determined by using 2 different methods: 1) measuring the horizontal and vertical normalized distances in millimeters between the geometric centers of the glenoid fossa and the condyle and 2) calculating the anteroposterior joint space ratio. Results: Using the first method, the horizontal distance between the centers of the condyle and the glenoid fossa was 14.0 ± 11.1 in the ADD group and 5.3 ± 10.9 in the control group (P Conclusion: This study found that condyles of patients with ADD were situated more posterior and superior in the fossa than those in the control group. Moreover, in the ADD group, the posterior condylar displacement was noted to be 2.4 times greater than the superior condylar displacement.
Integration of high voltage charge-pumps in a submicron standard CMOS process for programming analog floating-gate circuits

This paper presents integration of high voltage charge-pumps for programming analog floating-gate (FG) circuits in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS N-well double poly process. In this research two different Dickson charge-pumps are integrated for the control of electron tunneling and hot-electron injection in a floating-gate element. A six stage design implemented with Schottky rectifiers is used to modulate tunneling and a three stage design using high voltage transistors is used to modulate injection. Controlling the frequency of the Schottky charge-pump is an on-chip clock. The on-chip clock, a 7 stage ring oscillator was designed to operate to approximately 10 MHz for controlling the Schottky charge-pump. Experimental results of hot-electron injection, clock performance and electron tunneling are presented.
DSS (Decision Support System) for Allocating Appointment Times to Calling Patients at a Medical Facility

A variety of terms are used to describe medical facilities offering treatment to general patients—hospitals, clinics, etc. We will use the generic term hospital for such a facility. In this chapter, we will discuss one common decision making problem encountered in daily operations at such a facility. When a patient has a health condition that needs treatment, she or he calls her/his hospital for an appointment. The receptionist who receives that call asks the caller a few basic questions, like who her/his doctor is, and the reason for the call, etc. The receptionist then looks up the patient records on the desktop computer in front of her, and based on the data stored in that record, and information obtained from that phone call, she faces the decision making problem of selecting the date and time for the patient’s appointment with the required caregiver in the hospital subject to various operational conditions and requirements to optimize important objectives described in more detail later. At most hospitals, receptionists have to deal with hundreds of such calls every day, and the solution for the decision making problem in each call has to be found during the short duration of the call. The name used for procedures for solving such decision making problems occurring sequentially over the time with the requirement that the solution of each must be determined within a very short time of the problems occurring is real-time decision making algorithms. Clearly, receptionists at hospitals need a decision support system (DSS) installed on the desktop in front of them, which they can use to determine the appointment time with medical practitioners in the hospital to calling patients. This chapter deals with the problem of developing such a DSS.
Large-scale sensor systems based on graphene electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors

This work reports a novel graphene electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (EGFET) array architecture along with a compact, self-contained, and inexpensive measurement system that allows DC characterization of hundreds of graphene EGFETs as a function of VDS and VGS within a matter of minutes. We develop a reliable graphene EGFET fabrication process capable of producing 100% yield for a sample size of 256 devices. Large sample size statistical analysis of graphene EGFET electrical performance is performed for the first time. This work develops a compact piecewise DC model for graphene EGFETs that is shown capable of fitting 87% of IDSvs. VGS curves with a mean percent error of 7% or less. The model is used to extract variations in device parameters such as mobility, contact resistance, minimum carrier concentration, and Dirac point. Correlations in variations are presented. Lastly, this work presents a framework for application-specific optimization of large-scale sensor designs based on graphene EGFETs.