cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: A Research Agenda for Federalism Studies

This book conveys current and original reflections of 16 leading scholars from five continents on the past, present, and future of federalism research. They analyze the state of research on key facets of federalism worldwide and present ideas for new research to further understanding of federalism as a principle and mode of governance. Although only about 28 countries are arguably federal, more than 40 per cent of the world’s people live in federal systems, making federalism a leading mode of governance, potential basis for democracy, and means to accommodate diverse, territorially based national, linguistic, ethnic, racial, and/or religious communities in a single polity. Federalism is a very important principle of governance, one that is, in many cases, the only viable means to achieve unity peacefully and democratically in the face of human diversity. The contributors address research gaps, needs, and directions in normative political theory, constitutionalism, comparative governance, fiscal systems, gender, territorial diversity, nationalism, conflict resolution, shared rule, and federalism challenges in Africa, Asia, and the European Union.
The Measurement of Pediatric Inpatient Nursing Using the Complexity Assessment and Monitoring to Ensure Optimal Outcomes (CAMEO©) Tool.

Abstract Purpose Physiologic measurement of patient acuity has been used to predict patient outcomes, length of stay, and resource utilization. To date, these tools are not sufficiently comprehensive to inform nurse staffing assignments and have limited practical application. The C omplexity A ssessment and M onitoring to E nsure Optimal O utcomes (CAMEO©) acuity tool was initially developed and validated to quantify patient acuity in terms of complexity of nursing cognitive workload in pediatric intensive care units (ICU). This article describes development and implementation of the Inpatient CAMEO© in the pediatric inpatient setting. Design and methods Utilizing a modified Delphi technique, an expert panel convened to scale and implement the Inpatient CAMEO© in the pediatric inpatient units through four Delphi rounds. Results The expert panel identified care items unique to the pediatric inpatient setting and assigned a cognitive workload scale of 1–5. To consolidate the tool, the panel identified items to be classified as “Standard of Care” and developed a new baseline score for the Inpatient CAMEO©. Expert panel members served as unit-based ambassadors to foster the expansion and implementation of the new Inpatient CAMEO©. Conclusions The Inpatient CAMEO© describes and quantifies acuity beyond the intensive care setting. The implementation and use of the Inpatient CAMEO© was accomplished through unit-based ambassadors and the support of leadership. Practice implications Quantifying nursing cognitive workload in both direct and indirect care is important to determining nursing assignments and comprehensive staffing models in the pediatric inpatient setting.
An Exploratory Study of Bullying Exposure Among School Nurses: Prevalence and Impact:

The frequency and consequences of bullying directed at school nurses (SNs) are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and impact of bullying directed at school ...
Child-teacher dependency: The state of the research

The purpose of this commentary is to situate the findings from the studies in this special issue within the broader child-teacher relationship literature, with particular focus on the complex natur...
Filling the Leadership Pipeline: A Qualitative Study Examining Leadership Development Practices and Challenges Facing Community College Presidents in Illinois

This qualitative phenomenological study examines the leadership development activities of Illinois community college presidents and sought to understand not only how presidents prepare for their le...
Focused Ultrasound Hyperthermia Augments Release of Glioma-derived Extracellular Vesicles with Differential Immunomodulatory Capacity.

Background: Increasing evidence points to the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as molecular parcels that carry a diverse array of bioactive payloads for coordination of complex intracellular signaling. Focused ultrasound (FUS) hyperthermia is a technique for non-invasive, non-ionizing sublethal heating of cells in a near-instantaneous manner; while it has been shown to improve drug delivery and immunological recognition of tumors, its impact on EVs has not been explored to date. The goal of this study was to determine whether FUS impacts the release, proteomic profile, and immune-activating properties of tumor-derived EVs. Methods: Monolayered murine glioma cells were seeded within acoustically transparent cell culture chambers, and FUS hyperthermia was applied to achieve complete coverage of the chamber. Glioma-derived EVs (GEVs) were isolated for characterization by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, cryo-electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. An in vitro experimental setup was designed to further dissect the impact of GEVs on innate inflammation; immortalized murine dendritic cells (DCs) were pulsed with GEVs (either naive or FUS hyperthermia-exposed) and assayed for production of IL-12p70, an important regulator of DC maturation and T helper cell polarization toward the interferon-γ-producing type 1 phenotype. Results: We confirmed that FUS hyperthermia significantly augments GEV release (by ~46%) as well as shifts the proteomic profile of these GEVs. Such shifts included enrichment of common EV-associated markers, downregulation of markers associated with cancer progression and resistance and modulation of inflammation-associated markers. When DCs were pulsed with GEVs, we noted that naive GEVs suppressed IL-12p70 production by DCs in a GEV dose-dependent manner. In contrast, GEVs from cells exposed to FUS hyperthermia promoted a significant upregulation in IL-12p70 production by DCs, consistent with a pro-inflammatory stimulus. Conclusion: FUS hyperthermia triggers release of proteomically distinct GEVs that are capable of facilitating an important component of innate immune activation, lending both to a potential mechanism by which FUS interfaces with the tumor-immune landscape and to a role for GEV-associated biomarkers in monitoring response to FUS.
What parents of adolescents in residential substance use treatment want from continuing care: A content analysis of online forum posts

Parents of adolescents in residential substance use (SU) treatment face a myriad of barriers to continuing care services. Growing research suggests that mobile health (mHealth) technologies can ove...
Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on placental expression and activity of nutrient transporters and their association with birth weight and neonatal adiposity.

Abstract Aims Infants born to women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are at risk of being born large for gestational age due to excess fetal fat accretion. Placental nutrient transport determines fetal nutrient availability, impacting fetal growth. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of T2DM on placental insulin signaling, placental nutrient transporters and neonatal adiposity. Methods Placentas were collected from BMI-matched normoglycemic controls (NGT, n = 9) and T2DM (n = 9) women. Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) plasma membranes were isolated. Expression of glucose (GLUT1, -4), fatty acid (FATP2, -4, -6, FAT/CD36), amino acid (SNAT1, -2, -4, LAT1, -2) transporters, insulin signaling, and System A transporter activity was determined. Neonatal fat mass (%) was measured in a subset of neonates born to T2DM women. Results GLUT1 protein expression was increased (p = 0.001) and GLUT4 decreased (p = 0.006) in BM from T2DM. MVM FATP6 expression was increased (p = 0.02) and correlated with birth weight in both T2DM and NGT groups (r = 0.65, p = 0.02). BM FATP6 expression was increased (p = 0.01) in T2DM. In MVM of T2DM placentas, SNAT1 expression was increased (p = 0.05) and correlated with birth weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004); SNAT2 was increased (p = 0.01), however System A transporter activity was not different between groups. MVM LAT1 expression was increased (p = 0.01) in T2DM and correlated with birth weight (r = 0.59, p = 0.04) and neonatal fat mass (r = 0.76, p = 0.06). Conclusion In pregnancies complicated by T2DM placental protein expression of transporters for glucose, amino acids and fatty acids is increased, which may contribute to increased fetal growth and neonatal adiposity.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering specificity for detection and identification of dried bloodstains.

Abstract Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) provides highly specific vibrational signatures identifying dried blood for a variety of forensic applications. SERS spectra on Au nanoparticle substrates excited at 785 nm are found to identify dried stains of human and nonhuman blood from seven animals, and distinguish stains due to menstrual and peripheral blood. In addition, the unique SERS bloodstain spectrum is distinct from the SERS spectra of thirty red-brown stains of potential household substances that could be visually mistaken for bloodstains and from food stains that have been shown to give positive results with presumptive colorimetric blood tests. Finally, a SERS swab procedure has been developed and demonstrates that the substrates that a blood sample dried on does not offer any Raman or fluorescence interference for the SERS identification of dried blood. Such bloodstains on porous and nonporous materials are all identical and exclusively due to the heme moiety of hemoglobin. Optimized selection of the extraction solvent is found to control the chemical composition of molecular components appearing in the SERS spectrum of complex, multicomponent biological mixtures, such as body fluids.
Anodal tDCS augments and preserves working memory beyond time-on-task deficits.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to promote working memory (WM), however, its efficacy against time-on-task-related performance decline and associated cognitive fatigue remains uncertain. This study examined the impact of anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC on performance during a fatiguing visuospatial WM test. We adopted a repeated measures design, where 32 healthy adults (16 female), underwent anodal, control and sham tDCS on separate days. They completed an hour long two-back test, with stimulation intensity, onset, and duration set at 1 mA, at the 20th minute for 10 minutes respectively. Task performance, subjective responses, and heart rate variability (HRV) were captured during the experiment. Anodal tDCS substantially improved WM relative to sham tDCS and control in both sexes. These benefits lasted beyond the stimulation interval, and were unique across performance measures. However, no perceptual changes in subjective effort or fatigue levels were noted between conditions, although participants reported greater discomfort during stimulation. While mood and sleepiness changed with time-on-task, reflecting fatigue, these were largely similar across conditions. HRV increased under anodal tDCS and control, and plateaued under sham tDCS. We found that short duration anodal tDCS at 1 mA was an effective countermeasure to time-on-task deficits during a visuospatial two-back task, with enhancement and preservation of WM capacity. However, these improvements were not available at a perceptual level. Therefore, wider investigations are necessary to determine "how" such solutions will be operationalized in the field, especially within human-centered systems.
Do early Paleoindian point blades carry culturally significant shape information? Modules versus complete points using geometric morphometrics

Abstract Research has demonstrated that variation in assemblages of prehistoric bifacial stone point blades results from episodes of breakage and resharpening that occur throughout the artifact’s use-life. Is it commonly accepted that point bases were less affected by trauma resulting from use and more likely to retain culturally diagnostic characteristics of shape. Archaeologists using variation in bifacial points, such as projectiles, knives, and drills, as a proxy to study prehistoric cultures’ identity, mobility, and evolutionary trajectories have, therefore, focused most attention on the proximal portions of these artifacts. This approach to the study of stone tools has proven effective, but recently the question has been raised as to whether some cultures, specifically Clovis, the earliest widespread technological tradition in the Americas, included normative resharpening strategies in their technological repertoire. In addressing this question, we use geometric morphometrics to compare the shape of a collection of Clovis points resampled into three datasets: bases, blades, and complete points. We find that the complement of base and blade shape, i.e., the complete point, provides the most parsimonious representation of Clovis-point shape and is most successful in discriminating among regional differences.
A frequency-tunable microactuator with a varied comb-width profile

A frequency-tunable microactuator with a varied comb-width profile for electrostatic, post-fabrication frequency tuning has been demonstrated. The theoretical comb-width profile was derived to obtain a constant electrostatic stiffness, independent of the position of the combs. A tunable microactuator, having 186 pairs of the varied comb-width profile, was designed and fabricated by the standard surface micromachining process. Under a biased voltage of 150 V, the resonant frequency was tuned and reduced by 55% from the initial resonant frequency of 19 kHz and the corresponding effective stiffness was decreased 80% from the initial value of 2.64 N/m. As such, this scheme can be applied to comb-shape, electrostatic-based microsensors and microactuators for active frequency tuning applications.
Warranty cost-risk analysis

An approach to quantify the risk associated with a warranty price is presented. This method, based on Monte Carlo simulation, can give management an analytical assessment of the risk involved, thus permitting a more informed decision. Managers can visually trade off warranty cost and risk to maintain a balance between competitive pressures and acceptable risk. Other methods for warranty pricing based on a point estimate or a percent of production cost will not provide a quantitative valuation of the uncertainty. It is felt the key to company acceptance of this approach is to inform the management of both the benefits and the limitations of the method. >
Marco Island: Tropical Paradise or Environmental Disaster

Deltona Corporation was one of several large land development companies that specialized in selling recreational and retirement property to a distant clientele. Much of this type of so-called “land development” activity took place during the decades of the 1950s 1960s, and early 1970s prior to the implementation of laws and regulationsdesigned to monitor land sales activity and to promote wise land use development techniques (Finotti, 1996). Deltona's Marco Island project began in 1964 and is a good example of problems that occur when developers make poor site selection decisions and then stubbornly adhere to their original development plan in spite of growing concern over the environmental and economic value of the property that had been selected for development.
The development of abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice is enhanced by benzo(a)pyrene

Cigarette smoking has been strongly associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but the components of tobacco smoke involved in AAA have not been identified. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is an important constituent in cigarette smoke capable of induction of alterations strikingly similar to the pathological changes seen during AAA development. We therefore hypothesized that BaP exposure contributes to the development of AAA. In this study, C57/B6J mice were treated with vehicle, angiotensin II (AngII) (0.72 mg/kg/day), BaP (10 mg/kg/week), or the combination of AngII and BaP, for 5 weeks, and then examined for incidence of AAA and pathological changes of the aortic wall. Results showed that incidence of AAA formation in C57/B6J mice treated with BaP and AngII was significantly higher than that in AngII-treated mice (7 of 12 compared to 2 of 12). Further, five mice in the group treated with AngII/BaP and one in the group treated with AngII exhibited AAA rupture and hematoma. BaP caused macrophage infiltration, disarray of elastic lamella, and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We conclude that BaP aggravates AAA formation and rupture in C57/B6J mice by promoting macrophage infiltration, degeneration of elastic lamella, and loss of VSMCs in the aortic wall.
Realizing dimension functions via homology

Abstract The following theorem is the main result of the paper: Theorem. Let G be an Abelian group and m > 0. Let G be a countable family of countable Abelian groups and let D : G → Z + be a function. The following conditions are equivalent: 1. (1) For any CW complex P and any a ϵ Hm(P;G) − {0} there is a compactum X and a map π : X → P such that dim X = m, dimH X ⩽ D(H) for each H ϵ G and a ϵ im( H m (X ; G) → H m (P;G)) . 2. (2) H k (K(H,D(H));G) = 0 for all k G . As an application, we prove the existence of compacta realizing dimension functions, a result due to A.N. Dranishnikov.
Nanoscale surface chemistry

We report evidence in several experiments for nanometer-size effects in surface chemistry. The evidence concerns bimetallic systems, monolayer films of Pt or Pd on W(111) surfaces. Pyramidal facets with {211} faces are formed on annealing on physical monolayer of Pt, Pd on a W(111) substrate, and facet sizes increase with annealing temperature. We used synchrotron radiation-based soft x-ray photoemission to show that monolayer films of Pt, Pd, on W “float” on the outer surface, whereas multilayer films form alloys on annealing. Acetylene reactions over bimetallic planar and faceted Pd/W surfaces exhibit size effects on the nanometer scale, that is, thermal desorption spectra of reactively formed benzene and ethylene (after acetylene adsorption) change systematically with facet size. In the second case, the decomposition of C2H2 over planar and faceted Ir(210) surfaces also exhibits structure sensitivity; temperature programmed desorption of H2 from C2H2 dissociation depends on the nanoscale surface structure. Finally, we have characterized interactions of Cu with the highly ordered S(4 × 4)/W(111) surface. The substrate is a sulfur-induced nanoscale reconstruction of W(111) with (4 × 4) periodicity, having broad planar terraces (≈30 nm in width). Fractional monolayers of vapor-deposited Cu grow as threedimensional clusters on the S(4 × 4) surface over a wide coverage range. At low Cu coverage (≤ 0.1 ML), Cu nanoclusters nucleate preferentially at characteristic 3-fold hollow sites; we find a clear energetic preference for one type of site over others, and evidence for self-limiting growth of nanoclusters.
The impact of prehospital transport interval on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Implications for regionalization of post-resuscitation care☆☆☆

Summary Objective There is growing evidence that therapeutic hypothermia and other post-resuscitation care improves outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Thus, transporting patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to specialized facilities may increase survival rates. However, it is unknown whether prolonging transport to reach a designated facility would be detrimental. Methods Data from OHCA patients treated in EMS systems that cover approximately 70% of Arizona's population were evaluated (October 2004–December 2006). We analyzed the association between transport interval (depart scene to ED arrival) and survival to hospital discharge in adult, non-traumatic OHCA patients and in the subgroup who achieved ROSC and remained comatose. Results 1846 OHCA occurred prior to EMS arrival. Complete transport interval data were available for 1177 (63.8%) patients (study group). 253 patients (21.5%) achieved ROSC and remained comatose making them theoretically eligible for transport to specialized care. Overall, 70 patients (5.9%) survived and 43 (17.0%) comatose ROSC patients survived. Mean transport interval for the study group was 6.9 min (95% CI: 6.7, 7.1). Logistic regression revealed factors that were independently associated with survival: witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, method of CPR, initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation, and shorter EMS response time interval. There was no significant association between transport interval and outcome in either the overall study group (OR = 1.2; 0.77, 1.8) or in the comatose, ROSC subgroup (OR 0.94; 0.51, 1.8). Conclusion Survival was not significantly impacted by transport interval. This suggests that a modest increase in transport interval from bypassing the closest hospital en route to specialized care is safe and warrants further investigation.
Isotopic constraints on the origin of the Atlantis II, Suakin and Valdivia brines, Red Sea

Abstract The origin of three Red Sea submarine brine pools was investigated by analysis of the S and O isotope ratios of dissolved sulfate and Sr isotope ratios of dissolved Sr in the brines. Sulfur and O isotope ratios of sulfate and Sr isotope ratios of evaporitic source rocks for the brines were measured for comparison. The S, O and Sr isotope ratios of evaporites recovered from DSDP site 227 are consistent with an upper Miocene evaporites age. The Valdivia Deep brine formed by karstic dissolution of Miocene evaporites by overlying seawater and shows no signs of hydrothermal input. The Suakin Deep brines are derived from, or have isotopically exchanged with Miocene or older evaporites. There has been only minor dilution of the brine by overlying seawater. Strontium isotope ratios of Suakin brine may indicate addition of a minor (15%) amount of volcanic Sr to the brine, but there is no evidence of high temperature brine-rock interaction. The sulfate in the Atlantis II brine was apparently derived from seawater. The O isotope ratio of sulfate in the present Atlantis II brine could reflect isotopic exchange between seawater sulfate and the brine at approximately 255°C. Approximately 30% of the Sr in the Atlantis II brine is derived from the underlying basalt, probably by hydrothermal leaching. Atlantis II brine is the only known example from the Red Sea which has a significant high-temperature hydrothermal history.
The naturalization of beer in cheers

A number of health and safety risks are associated with consuming beer. Longrunning programs, like Cheers, present a variety of social beer drinking situations which are important to examine because they provide abundant examples. Using a structuralist approach, this study investigated and identified how beer was naturalized through characters, dialogue, actions, consequences, and settings in one season of Cheers. Three narrative strategies identified were the use of humor, camaraderie, and detoxification.
Bilateral field interactions, hemispheric specialization and evoked potential interhemispheric transmission time

The interrelationship between bilateral visual field processing, hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric transmission time (IHTT) was examined in two experiments in order to test two theories regarding callosal function and lateralized visual processing. Contrary to both theoretical speculations [Braun, Neuropsychology Review, Vol. 3, pp. 321-365, 1992] and a recent report [Nowicka et al., Neuropsychologia, Vol. 34, pp. 147-151, 1996], the directional asymmetry in evoked potential measures of IHTT did not vary with task differences in indices of hemispheric specialization. IHTT was faster from right to left hemispheres regardless of visual field advantage for the task. Similarly, patterns of correlation between IHTT and bilateral field advantage did not change between verbal and spatial matching tasks, despite differences in visual field advantage. Since the latter data did not consistently support the Brown and Jeeves [Neuropsychologia, Vol. 31. pp. 1267-1281, 1993] hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis involving hemispheric asymmetries in attention rather than processing specialization was proposed.
An Investigation of Episodic and Partner-Specific Imagined Interaction Use

While imagined interaction use has been conceptualized both as a personal, stable trait and as specific, state-like occurrences, empirical investigations of the relationship between such levels of abstraction are scarce. Four levels of abstraction are proposed and two are empirically tested through a two-wave survey that assessed participants' (N = 137) tendency to use imagined interactions with their romantic partner and their episodic use of imagined interactions in response to an impactful conversation with that partner. Moderate correlations between these levels suggest they are related but distinct. Correlations were stronger for imagined interactions functions than for attributes, suggesting that the reasons for using episodic imagined interactions are related to one's tendencies while the attributes appear mainly impacted by situational factors. Implications of these findings are presented along with suggestions to further investigate a conceptual distinction between imagined interaction uses at di...
Modified one-body memory function for classical fluids

A microscopic theory applicable to simple classical fluids, particularly in the hydrodynamic regime, is presented. A simple isomorphic transformation of the space of one-body additive phase-space functions is considered whose distinguishing feature is that the total energy density is contained in the new space. A projection operator formalism for this subspace has certain desirable properties for the study of the hydrodynamic regime. It is shown that, for a broad class of approximations, one obtains a prediction for the VanHove structure factorS(k, ω) that has the correct hydrodynamic structure and in which the only quantities that are approximated are the dissipative transport coefficients; all thermodynamic quantities appearing in the expression are rendered exactly. In particular, a weak coupling approximation is made on the memory function, and results are compared with the analogous theory of Forster and Martin. Agreement is found for the dissipative transport coefficients to lowest nontrivial order in the coupling. On the other hand, thermodynamic quantities are accurately predicted only to second order by Forster and Martin, whereas in the present theory they are exact.
Labor policy in the EU: The new emphasis on education and training under the treaty of Amsterdam

Labor market policy in the EU is seemingly a rather different animal today than heretofore because of the belated recognition that healthy employment development is the precondition for achieving fair and decent social and working standards. The pursuit of often ambitious mandatory labor standards appears to have been downplayed, and the notion of coordination to have superceded harmonization. The new means of coordination (via national employment plans) is benchmarking, identifying best-practice measures in employment policy, and offering encouragement to member states to progressively develop their own policies in this light. The presumed goal is to secure meaningful common action in the context of institutional diversity in national labor markets —the perennial problem in EU social policy formation. I review the new employment strategy with special reference to its education and training components ajid in the process question whether recent developments presage a sea change in the evolution of Community labor policy.
Active site peptides of rhodanese.

Abstract The active site cysteinyl peptide isolated from a tryptic digest of rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1) by column chromatography has been found to contain 15 amino acid residues, of which 7 are hydrophobic. The tryptophyl peptides in such digests also appear to consist predominantly of residues which are hydrophobic.
Arthroscopic vs. open Bankart reconstruction: a comparison using expected value decision analysis

The reporting of midterm failure rates following arthroscopic shoulder stabilization for recurrent anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint has shown that the risk of failure may be higher with arthroscopic techniques than with traditional open methods. The use of expected value decision analysis offers an explicit, consistent, and structured means to assist the clinician in determining which stabilization technique to utilize. Decision analysis reveals that the surgical technique that is favored for a given patient depends on the value that the patient assigns to various potential outcomes following surgery, the perioperative morbidity of each of the two procedures, and the surgeon's probability of success with either technique
Alterations in the behavioral and biochemical effects of electroconvulsive shock with nicotine

Mice treated with nicotine sulfate (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to training for a passive avoidance response showed antagonism toward the amnesic effect produced by a post-training electroconvulsive shock; this effect was particularly apparent when drug treatment was given 45 to 60 min prior to training. A reversal of the predicted effect of ECS upon brain serotonin level by nicotine suggested a possible corrolary of the drug-induced facilitation of memory consolidation.
Progestin- and androgen-binding components in a human granulosa-theca cell tumor.

Abstract Macromolecules which bound progesterone (P), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have been identified in the cytoplasmic fraction of a human granulosa-theca cell tumor and partially characterized. Bound [ 3 H]P sedimented at the 3.6 S region of the sucrose gradients, whereas bound [ 3 H]MPA was observed mainly in the 6 S region. P and MPA competed with each other for binding to these components. The specific MPA-binding sites were saturable and had a K a of 3.6 n M −1 . Heating the tumor cytosol at 37 °C for 10 min diminished its progestin-binding activity. The DHT-binding components had sedimentation coefficients of 4.2 S and 6 S, and a K a of 0.4 n M −1 . They were heat sensitive and were precipitable by protamine sulfate. Attempts to demonstrate specific binding of estrogens and glucocorticoids by this tumor cytosol were unsuccessful.
Obsessional defenses and reading disabilities in adolescence as seen through art therapy

Abstract Emotional factors frequently underlie the reading disabilities of adolescence. Conflicts centering around the expression of sexual and aggressive impulses appear to be closely related to problems in reading. The defenses which the adolescent uses to deal with these conflicts, especially the obsessive-compulsive defenses, are an important factor in the etiology of reading disabilities. This study is designed to seek evidence of obsessive-compulsive functioning in the art work of adolescents suffering from a functional reading disability. In comparison with organically-disabled readers and normal adolescents, the defenses of the functionally-disabled readers are more rigid and less effective in binding anxiety. The use of art therapy to uncover and work through the conflicts associated with reading disabilities and obsessional behavior is described and illustrated.
ANTHER AND POLLEN DEVELOPMENT IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)

Investigations of the growth of anthers and ontogeny of pollen grains of Oryza sativa (rice) IR-30 were undertaken for the purpose of 1) providing a set of growth measurements and 2) describing stable cytological features of anther and pollen development. Correlations exist between elongation of the floret and growth parameters of the anther such as its length, width, fresh and dry weights and cytological stage of pollen development. In the early ontogeny of the anther, hypodermal archesporial initials divide periclinally to form primary parietal cells and primary sporogenous cells. Each ofthe latter divides twice mitotically to generate four microspore mother cells, which undergo meiosis. The anther wall is formed by anticlinal and periclinal divisions of the primary parietal cells as well as of cells surrounding the primary sporogenous cells. Subsequent cytological features in the development of anther and pollen grains of rice have much in common with anther and pollen developmental biology of other members of
DSC Deconvolution of the Structural Complexity of c-MYC P1 Promoter G-Quadruplexes

We completed a biophysical characterization of the c-MYC proto-oncogene P1 promoter quadruplex and its interaction with a cationic porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP4), using differential scanning calorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. We examined three different 24-mer oligonucleotides, including the wild-type (WT) sequence found in the c-MYC P1 promoter and two mutant G→T sequences that are known to fold into single 1:2:1 and 1:6:1 loop isomer quadruplexes. Biophysical experiments were performed on all three oligonucleotide sequences at two different ionic strengths (30 mM [K+] and 130 mM [K+]). Differential scanning calorimetry experiments demonstrated that the WT quadruplex consists of a mixture of at least two different folded conformers at both ionic strengths, whereas both mutant sequences exhibit a single two-state melting transition at both ionic strengths. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments demonstrated that both mutant sequences bind 4 mols of TMPyP4 to 1 mol of DNA, in similarity to the WT sequence. The circular dichroism spectroscopy signatures for all three oligonucleotides at both ionic strengths are consistent with an intramolecular parallel stranded G-quadruplex structure, and no change in quadruplex structure is observed upon addition of saturating amounts of TMPyP4 (i.e., 4:1 TMPyP4/DNA).
THE REFLEX INFLUENCE OF THE LOWER PORTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE ON THE TONUS AND MOVEMENTS OF THE EMPTY STOMACH IN DOGS

1. A small amount of pressure (6-18 mm. of mercury) in an intrarectal balloon does not produce any effect on the tonus or motility of the empty stomach in dogs. 2. An intrarectal pressure of 20-48 mm. of mercury generally produces an inhibition of gastric tonus and motility. The duration and the degree of this inhibition is somewhat dependent on the magnitude of the intrarectal pressure. The stomach generally recovers from inhibition even while the pressure is maintained in the rectum, although the pressure may decrease when the rectum adapts itself. 3. Undiluted gall-bladder bile of the dog affects the gastric hunger activity in the direction of inhibition when introduced into the rectum in such a manner that the dog is undisturbed during the administration. Glucose and physiological saline solutions have no effects. 4. The inhibition of the rhythmical activity of the stomach during hunger, which is produced by rectal distention or irritation of the mucosa, may be indicative of other alterations in the physiologic activity of the animal organism.
Ethical leaders: An essay about being in love

What it means to be an ethical leader is the focus of this paper. Leadership is more than an affair of the head, but fundamentally also one of the heart. Leaders are in love. Four essential and practical considerations are presented for discovering, developing, and using this perspective.
Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation.

A 73-year-old man with coronary artery disease, hypertension, and renal insufficiency presents with recurrent, symptomatic atrial fibrillation despite a well-controlled ventricular rate. Amiodarone is recommended for rhythm control. Amiodarone is among the most effective antiarrhythmic agents, but its use is associated with potentially serious toxic effects — is it right for this patient?
Use of Partial Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Coarctation Repair Through a Left Thoracotomy in Children Without Collaterals

Background Paraplegia is a devastating complication of coarctation of the aorta (COA) repair. Since 1990 we have used left atrium–to–descending aorta cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for COA repair in patients with inadequate collaterals. We reviewed the results with that strategy and compared this CPB group with COA repairs in which CPB was not used to see whether there was any increase in morbidity or delay in recovery. Methods From 1990 to 2006, 11 patients with COA were identified to have inadequate collaterals based on preoperative examination and intraoperative arterial monitoring and test clamp. Left thoracotomy with left atrium-to-descending aorta CPB was used in all. Age ranged from 4.2 to 17.4 years (mean, 8.7 ± 4.6 years). Two were reoperations for recurrent COA, 3 patients had four prior transcatheter balloon dilatations. One patient had aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery. Operative techniques included resection with extended end-to-end anastomosis (n = 6), interposition graft (n = 4), and patch repair (n = 1). During the same period 71 patients older than 1 year of age had COA repair without CPB. Age ranged from 1.1 to 46.1 years (mean, 7.6 ± 7.1 years; p = 0.6). Results Preoperative imaging of CPB patients demonstrated absence of collaterals (n = 7), possible collaterals (n = 2), small collaterals (n = 1), and anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery (n = 1). Preoperative arm leg gradient in CPB patients was 36.0 ± 9.0 mm Hg versus 49.9 ± 15 mm Hg in non-CPB patients ( p p p = 0.5). In the CPB group length of stay ranged from 3 to 7 days (mean, 4.9 ± 1.3 days), and in the non-CPB group length of stay ranged from 3 to 12 days (mean, 4.7 ± 1.4 days; p = 0.5). No patient had a neurologic complication. There were no other major complications in the CPB group (eg, bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, re-COA). Conclusions Preoperative imaging and a lower arm–to-leg gradient in this series of COA patients suggested inadequate collateral circulation with the potential need for CPB. A femoral artery pressure of less than 45 mm Hg during test clamp was used as an indication for partial CPB. The use of left atrium–to–descending aorta CPB with just over 50% calculated total flow protected the spinal cord in a safe and expeditious fashion. Use of left heart bypass did not affect morbidity or recovery time as compared with COA repair in non-CPB patients.
Far infrared absorption in ultrafine metallic particles: Calculations based on classical and quantum mechanical theories

Detailed calculations of far infrared absorption in ultrafine metallic particles are reported. Effective medium treatments of the composite of particles and their surrounding are carried out within the Maxwell Garnett and Bruggeman theories. Generalizations of these to encompass dipole-dipole interaction and oxide pellicles are discussed. The dielectric permeability of the particles is specified either by the Drude (D) model with a size limited mean free path, or by the quantum mechanical derivation of Gor'kov and Eliashberg (GE). Excepting narrow diameter (x) and frequency ( $$\tilde v$$ ) intervals the absorption coefficients can be approximated by α=fCxγ $$\tilde v$$ δ, wheref is the filling factor (taken to be small),C is a constant which depends on the free electron parameters, andγ andδ are integers. Results for largerf′s are included also. The magnitudes ofC, γ andδ differ in general for the Drude and Gor'kov-Eliashberg theories; they are also different forx≶x C , wherex D ≈5 nm andx GE is typically 20 nm. The quantityx c signifies a transition from a range whereα is dominated by the dielectric polarisation to one where the magnetic polarisation is largest. An interesting multiple peak structure is found from detailed calculations ofα GE vs. $$\tilde v$$ for sufficiently small identical particles. Effects of log-normal size distributions are derived explicitely; any fine structure in theα GE vs.x functions is found to be completely washed out for practically attainable distribution widths.
Veterinary responsibility in management of 'the incurable wound'.

GIVEN its unmatched case fatality rate, global distribution, considerable health and agricultural burden, and horrible clinical manifestations, rabies remains the most significant viral zoonosis at large in the 21st century. Considering the antiquity and impact of the disease, since the inception of the profession veterinarians have played a key role in the management of this major disease of nature. As a backdrop, the recent history of rabies in the New World serves to exemplify the role of veterinarians in context. Before colonisation, only bat rabies may have existed in the Americas. In the USA and elsewhere in the region, canine rabies was enzootic from at least the 18th century through to the 20th century. During the 1940s, thousands of rabid dogs were reported in the USA each year. After World War II, the coordinated control of dog rabies in the USA began with the creation of the concept of applied veterinary public health (Steele 1952). Rather than relying only on classical population reduction, movement restrictions, and leash and muzzle regulations, the advent of mass canine vaccination heralded an improvement. It established throughout the country the use of a biological application at the local level (Tierkel and others 1950). Such intensified programmes in major urban areas during the 1950s and 1960s dramatically reduced the number of reported cases, leading to the virtual elimination of canine rabies by the 1970s. While earlier vaccination efforts relied on neural-based products, the adaptaVeterinary Record (2007) 161, 290-291
Kinetics of nitrate inhibition of carbon tetrachloride transformation by a denitrifying consortia

The kinetics of nitrate inhibition of carbon tetrachloride (CT) transformation were examined using a denitrifying consortium. Comparison of data from fed-batch experiments to the model reported by Hooker et al. indicate that the inhibition constant ranges between 3.2 and 21 mg/L, with an average of 8.8 mg/L. This range is much lower than the previously reported value of 169 mg/L. Simulations using the corrected parameter accurately reflect this new data and the data reported by Hooker et al. In contrast, the earlier reported coefficient value does not reflect the data reported in this work. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Momentum Budget of an Intense Midlatitude Squall Line

Abstract Rawinsonde data from OK PRE-STORM are used to calculate the momentum budgets of an intense midlatitude squall-line system with a trailing stratiform region. Budgets have been computed at three separate times during the mature through dissipating stages of the squall line using composited data over 3-hour intervals based on 90-minute releases. Budgets have been done in both ground-relative and system-relative reference frames, although system-relative terms are emphasized for comparison with other recent studies. Low-level radar data are used to partition the system into convective line and stratiform regions. The system contained a strong midlevel mesolow that contributed to rear-to-front pressure gradient acceleration in the vicinity of a rear-inflow jet. The mesolow, located within a larger region of low pressure sloping rearward with height, also led to strong front-to-rear acceleration elsewhere through a majority of the system. Convective-scale effects produced the primary accelerations oppo...
Bazooka mediates secondary axon morphology in Drosophila brain lineages

In the Drosophila brain, neural lineages project bundled axon tracts into a central neuropile. Each lineage exhibits a stereotypical branching pattern and trajectory, which distinguish it from other lineages. In this study, we used a multilineage approach to explore the neural function of the Par-complex member Par3/Bazooka in vivo. Drosophila bazooka is expressed in post-mitotic neurons of the larval brain and localizes within neurons in a lineage-dependent manner. The fact that multiple GAL4 drivers have been mapped to several lineages of the Drosophila brain enables investigation of the role of Bazooka from larval to adult stages Bazooka loss-of-function (LOF) clones had abnormal morphologies, including aberrant pathway choice of ventral projection neurons in the BAla1 lineage, ectopic branching in the DALv2 and BAmv1 lineages, and excess BLD5 lineage axon projections in the optic medulla. Exogenous expression of Bazooka protein in BAla1 neurons rescued defective guidance, supporting an intrinsic requirement for Bazooka in the post-mitotic neuron. Elimination of the Par-complex member Par6 recapitulated Bazooka phenotypes in some but not all lineages, suggesting that the Par complex functions in a lineage-dependent manner, and that Bazooka may act independently in some lineages. Importantly, this study highlights the potential of using a multilineage approach when studying gene function during neural development in Drosophila.
On 'home grown-ness' in politics: Evidence from the 1998 election for Alabama's Third Congressional District *

Faith and Tollison (1983) argue that since itis costly to `fire' a representative for poor performance,voters will rationally prefer local candidates withlongstanding ties to the district. Such candidates implicitlyput more specific human or other types of capital at risk as aKlein and Leffler (1981) type of performance bond than doother candidates with lesser ties to the district. Votersunderstand and appreciate the implied efficiency of castingtheir ballots in favor of someone who has a lot to loselocally from nonperformance as their representative. Usingprecinct-level data from the 1998 election for the thirdcongressional district in Alabama, we find compelling evidencein support of `home grown-ness' in politics.
Visual Stimulation Reverses the Directional Preference of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells

Summary Direction selectivity in the retina is mediated by direction-selective ganglion cells. These cells are part of a circuit in which they are asymmetrically wired to inhibitory neurons. Thus, they respond strongly to an image moving in the preferred direction and weakly to an image moving in the opposite (null) direction. Here, we demonstrate that adaptation with short visual stimulation of a direction-selective ganglion cell using drifting gratings can reverse this cell's directional preference by 180°. This reversal is robust, long lasting, and independent of the animal's age. Our findings indicate that, even within circuits that are hardwired, the computation of direction can be altered by dynamic circuit mechanisms that are guided by visual stimulation. Video Abstract
An investigation of the Iowa tests of basic skills for sex bias: A developmental look

Results of the Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, and Mathematics Concepts subtests for third-, sixth-, and eighth-grade students who took Form 5 of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills in the 1976 school year were analyzed for sex bias. Statistical significance was found for each subtest for all of the grade levels. Follow-up analyses considered skill classification, sex-stereotypicalness, and item location of the items contributing to the statistical significance. No trends for these factors were found within each grade level for the four subtests considered. For all subtests, fewer items are identified at the third-grade level than for sixth or eighth grade, and these items, in general, favored boys. For the older students, when items are found to function differently for boys and girls, nearly half favor each sex. On the whole, little evidence for sex bias was found for the four subtests and three grade levels examined.