cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of neonatal seizures by conventional EEG and single-channel EEG

Abstract Objective To perform a detailed, contemporary temporal–spatial characterization of neonatal seizures (NS) and to compare conventional EEG (CEEG) to single-channel EEG for NS detection. Methods Digitally recorded CEEGs were reviewed for NS characteristics (quantity, duration, location of onset, peak-to-peak amplitude). The presence and characteristics of each NS were simultaneously noted in a single, derived EEG channel (C 3 →C 4 ). Results Eight hundred fifty-one seizures from 125 CEEGs recorded were analyzed. Mean seizure rate was 7.0NS/h (range: 0.5–21). Mean seizure burden (percent time CEEG showed NS at any location) was 24.8% (range: 0.7–86.9). Seizure rate was only moderately correlated with seizure burden (Spearman coefficient=0.58). Eighty-one percent of NS originated from central–temporal or midline vertex electrodes. Seventy-eight percent of NS appeared in the C 3 →C 4 channel. Conclusions Accurate measurement of NS burden requires detailed temporal–spatial characterization. The theoretical ceiling of sensitivity for NS detection in the single EEG channel C 3 →C 4 is high. However, further processing the raw EEG in limited electrode arrays may reduce the sensitivity of NS detection. Significance CEEG is the gold standard for NS detection. However, reduced montage EEG techniques are increasingly available. This detailed contemporary temporal–spatial characterization of NS evaluates the potential limitations of reduced montage techniques.
Defining Upper Limits to Groundwater Development in the Arid West

Water scarcity imposes severe constraints on industrial development in the Rocky Mountain region, where new water can only be obtained by reallocating supplies from agricultural use or by exploiting ground water stocks. These stocks have already been seriously depleted in recent years because of rapid mining and demonstrate the need to develop an optimal steady-state level for ground water stocks in which the natural recharge rate will determine the pace of water withdrawal for development activities. A methodology is described for determining optimal steady-state levels and is applied to the Estancia Valley in New Mexico. Socio-economic, legal and political factors as well as hydrologic and geologic information are included in the model. 9 references.
Permanent-Magnet Faraday Isolators For Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Applications

We discuss the design of high-performance, single-pass, permanent-magnet Faraday isolators that are simple to construct and use. An isolator, designed for use with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser systems, that is 10 cm long and achieves 41 degrees of rotation at 1.06 μm is described.
Effect of perturbations and a meal on superior mesenteric artery flow in patients with orthostatic hypotension

Our aims were to evaluate to role of superior mesenteric blood flow in the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension in patients with generalized autonomic failure. METHODS: Twelve patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and 12 healthy controls underwent superior mesenteric artery flow measurements using Doppler ultrasonography during head-up tilt and tilt plus meal ingestion. Autonomic failure was assessed using standard tests of the function of the sympathetic adrenergic, cardiovagal and postganglionic sympathetic sudomotor function. RESULTS: Superior mesenteric flow volume and time-averaged velocity were similar in patients and controls at supine rest; however, responses to cold pressor test and upright tilt were attenuated (p < 0.05) in patients compared to controls. Head-up tilt after the meal evoked a profound fall of blood pressure and mesenteric blood flow in the patients; the reduction of mesenteric blood flow correlated (r = 0.89) with the fall of blood pressure in these patients, providing another manifestation of failed baroreflexes. We make the novel finding that the severity of postprandial orthostatic hypotension regressed negatively with the postprandial increase in mesenteric flow in patients with orthostatic hypotension. CONCLUSION: Mesenteric flow is under baroreflex control, which when defective, results in, or worsens orthostatic hypotension. Its large size and baroreflexivity renders it quantitatively important in the maintenance of postural normotension. The effects of orthostatic stress can be significantly attenuated by reducing the splanchnic-mesenteric volume increase in response to food. Evaluation of mesenteric flow in response to eating and head-up tilt provide important information on intra-abdominal sympathetic adrenergic function, and the ability of the patient to cope with orthostatic stress.
Use of Bachmann's bundle for bipolar atrial pacing

In patients with acute or chronic right coronary ischemia, pacing with temporary right atrial epicardial wires is sometimes difficult due to high electrical thresholds. A simple and reproducible technique is described to assure atrial capture and appropriate atrial pacing under these conditions.
Spatial Econometric Models for Panel Data: Incorporating Spatial and Temporal Data

Cities are constantly evolving, complex systems, and modeling them, both theoretically and empirically, is a complicated task. However, understanding the manner in which developed regions change over time and space can be important for transportation researchers and planners. In this paper, methodologies for modeling developed areas are presented, and spatial and temporal effects of the data are incorporated into the methodologies. The work emphasizes spatial relationships between various geographic, land use, and demographic variables that characterize fine zones across regions. It derives and combines land cover data for the Austin, Texas, region from a panel of satellite images and U.S. Census of Population data. Models for population, vehicle ownership, and developed, residential, and agricultural land cover are estimated; the effects of space and time on the models are shown to be statistically significant. Simulations of population and land cover for the year 2020 help to illustrate the strengths and limitations of the models.
Analysis of ambulance diversion policies for a large-size hospital

The overcrowding of Emergency Departments (EDs) is a well-known problem that has been analyzed on multiple occasions. Queuing theory and simulation have been applied extensively to specific ED situations, such as staff planning, waiting time reduction and capacity investment. However, there are remaining problems in the EDs that need more study. One of them is the ambulance diversion, which may cause a delay in the treatment of urgent patients therefore jeopardizing their welfare. Since ED are complex system and setting the diversion state in EDs is a subjective decision, a detailed modeling and analysis of cause and effects of such a decision is beneficial. In this research, we build a case-study and analyze the impact of diversion policies in various performance measures of the ED through a designed experiment using a discrete-event simulation model.
Analysis and modeling of anomalous scattering in the AXAF HETGS

Tests of the High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) for the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) showed anomalous scattering of monochromatic radiation. The grating resolving power (E/dE) is of the order 1000, but test designed to search for small-angle scattering by the gratings showed events with significant deviations from the dispersed grating orders and concentrated along the dispersion direction. In this paper, we present a general overview of grating scatter as a result of fluctuations in the grating bar geometry. The grating scatter observed at the AXAF-X-Ray Calibration Facility is shown to be consistent with what one expects from scatter due to deviations in the grating bar geometry form perfect bars. For the purposes of modeling, a rectangular bar mode is adopted and bar parameters are deduced via fitting the model to the scattering data. The correlations deduce from this model lead to a simple physical picture of grating bar fluctuations where a small fraction of the bars, e.g., 1 in 200 are leaning.
A fine structural study of the formation of temporary swellings (Herring bodies) and reversible degeneration of neurosecretory axons following microiontophoretic ejection of vinblastine into the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract of the frog (Rana pipiens).

The microiontophoretic ejection of vinblastine into the median eminence effectively blocked axonal transport in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the frog. Proximal to the ejection site, large axon swellings (Herring bodies) were found that contained mainly abundant neurosecretory granulated vesicles and axonal smooth endoplasmic reticulum. At advanced post ejection times, autophagic events were obvious. Subsequently, preexperimental conditions were reestablished, indicative of the resumption of axonal transport. Distal to the ejection site, i.e. in the neural lobe, the relatively long block of axonal transport subsequent to the vinblastine ejection caused most axons to degenerate and to be phagocytized by pituicytes. The degenerative process was reversible since upon reestablishment of the axonal transport regeneration of the neurosecretory fibers occurred.
Sibling resemblances in nonverbal skill and style

This study explored the hypothesis that siblings display a tendency for family resemblance in nonverbal decoding skills. Thirty-seven sibling pairs between the ages of 9 and 15 were administered the videotaped Nonverbal Discrepancy Test. This audiovisual test assesses (1) decoding accuracy—the extent to which subjects are able to identify affects (positivity and dominance) from face, body, and tone of voice cues; (2) discrepancy accuracy—the extent to which subjects recognize the degree of discrepancy between audio and video cues; and (3) video primacy—the extent to which subjects are more influenced by video (face or body) than by audio cues. Brother-brother pairs showed family resemblances in all three nonverbal indices, whereas brother-sister pairs displayed family similarity only in discrepancy accuracy. Overall, sibling pairs showed a tendency for family resemblance in nonverbal decoding. The processes that might lead siblings to develop similar patterns of nonverbal skills were discussed.
Photodynamic therapy with photofrin reduces invasiveness of malignant human glioma cells.

. In this study we investigated the influence of Photofrin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the migration of two human glioma cell lines in vitro. U87 and U25ln tumour cells were treated with Photofrin at various doses and subjected to a fixed optical (632 nm) dose of 100 mJ/cm2. Photofrin cytotoxicity was determined using MTT and colony forming assays. Using a matrigel artificial basement membrane migration assay, we demonstrated that low doses of subcytotoxic PDT treatment, such as PDT with 2.5 µg/ml Photofrin on U87 cells and 1 µg/ml on U25ln cells, significantly (p<0.001) inhibited in vitro migration of both cell lines. Furthermore, in a qualitative spheroid confrontation assay, subcytotoxic PDT of co-cultures between tumour spheroids and brain aggregates resulted in an absence of progressive tumour invasion and destruction of the brain aggregate. In conclusion, our data indicate that low-dose subcytotoxic PDT with Photofrin significantly inhibits invasiveness of U87 and U25ln cells.
The development of fine structure superplasticity in cast ultrahigh carbon steels through thermal cycling

Superplastic structures have been developed in an as-cast ultrahigh carbon steel, containing 1.6% C, by heat treatment alone. The heat treatment involves quenching from high temperature (1150° C) and then repeated cycling across the A1 transformation temperature (727° C). This changes the coarse, as-cast structure to an ultrafine ferrite structure containing fine spheroidized cementite particles. An optimum structure is found after about 10 cycles and strain rate sensitivities of about 0.45 and elongations to failure of over 300% have been achieved.
Disruption of the dopamine β-hydroxylase gene in mice suggests roles for norepinephrine in motor function, learning, and memory

Mice unable to synthesize norepinephrine (NE) were created by targeted disruption of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene. DBH-deficient (DBH -/-) mice display normal home cage activity; however, they swim more slowly than their littermates, and some drown. The mutant mice also perform less well on a rapidly rotating rod, and approximately 20% do not learn to walk when the rod begins to turn. Restoration of NE with dihydroxyphenylserine eliminated these motor deficits. DBH -/- mice exhibit normal learning and retention of a passive avoidance paradigm; however, they do not master an active-avoidance paradigm as readily as controls and exhibit more rapid extinction of the active-avoidance task. DBH -/- mice learn to find the hidden platform in the Morris water maze in spite of their slower swim speed and show normal preference for the correct quadrant in the transfer test immediately after training. However, this preference declines relative to controls during the next 2 days.
New positive-tone deep-UV photoresist based on poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and an acid labile protecting group

Conventional acid catalyzed, chemically amplified DUV photoresists are susceptible to environmental contamination and post exposure delay effects resulting in `T-topping' and linewidth variation. These phenomena are directly relatable to uncontrolled diffusion of the photoactive acid generator within the photoresist or from the diffusion of basic contaminants into the resist. The diffusion process can be controlled by a combination of materials and processing optimization. This paper describes a new positive tone DUV photoresist based on poly(4-hydroxystyrene) protected with the isopropyloxycarbonyl (i-POC) functionality. This protecting group is considerably less acid labile than the tert-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC) group and the resulting polymer is considerably more thermally stable than a t-BOC protected poly(4-hydroxystyrene). As such, the i-POC based polymer is more amenable to processing at higher temperatures.
Harmonic measure of critical curves.

Fractal geometry of critical curves appearing in 2D critical systems is characterized by their harmonic measure. For systems described by conformal field theories with central charge $c\ensuremath{\le}1$, scaling exponents of the harmonic measure have been computed by Duplantier [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1363 (2000)] by relating the problem to boundary two-dimensional gravity. We present a simple argument connecting the harmonic measure of critical curves to operators obtained by fusion of primary fields and compute characteristics of the fractal geometry by means of regular methods of conformal field theory. The method is not limited to theories with $c\ensuremath{\le}1$.
Radionuclide diagnosis of cerebrospino-pericardial communication after ventriculoatrial catheter placement for hydrocephalus

A 1-month-old male child with a previously placed ventriculoatrial catheter presented with severe cardiorespiratory distress secondary to cardiac tamponade. A cerebrospino-pericardial communication from right atrial perforation by the catheter was diagnosed quickly and easily by a radionuclide injection of the proximal shunt reservoir.
Determination of Chlorpyrifos and its Metabolite 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol in Tap Water and Bananas by Quantitative TLC on Preadsorbent Silica Gel

Abstract Chlorpyrifos insecticide and its metabolite TCP were determined in tap water and banana samples by TLC of extracts on preadsorbent silica gel layers, detection with silver nitrate reagent, and densitometric scanning. Cleanup steps were required for the fruit sample extracts. Recovery of chlorpyrifos from tap water at 5 ppb averaged 87.5% and from banana at 0.05 ppm was 84.6%. Recovery of TCP from water at 5 ppb averaged 84.0% and from banana at 0.05 ppm was 86.8%. The sensitivity and precision of the method were shown to be adequate for routine residue analysis.
Evaluation of the EOR potential of gas and water injection in shale oil reservoirs

Abstract With the relatively modest natural gas price, producing oil from unconventional shale reservoirs has attracted more and more interest from oil operators. Although many tremendous efforts have been made to develop shale resources, the ultimate oil recovery is still low (5–10%). Because of the important role of shale resources in the future oil and gas industry, more stimulation and production strategies are being considered and tested to find ways to improve oil production from shale reservoirs. Before applying a specific method to enhance oil recovery (EOR) in the field or conducting a research in laboratory, the simulation approach is a cheap and fast approach to evaluate its EOR potential. The analysis of simulation results will be helpful in designing laboratory experiments and field testing. In this paper we use a simulation approach to evaluate the EOR potential in shale oil reservoirs by gas flooding and waterflooding. Production behavior and oil recovery of different schemes are discussed through sensitivity studies. Simulation results of primary production, gas injection and water injection are compared. Results show that miscible gas injection has a higher potential to improve oil recovery from shale oil reservoirs than water injection. Gas injection above a minimum miscible pressure (MMP) can be fully miscible with oil, thus reducing oil viscosity significantly, in addition to the mechanism of pressure maintenance. Simulation results indicate that the oil recovery factor can be increased up to 15.1% by gas injection in a hydraulically fractured shale reservoir, whereas the oil recovery factor from the primary depletion is only 6.5%. The oil recovery from waterflooding is about 11.9% which is lower than that from gas flooding. The results indicate that miscible gas flooding could be a way to enhance oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs.
On the Propagation of Flexural Waves in an Orthotropic Laminated Plate and Its Response to an Impulsive Load

The dynamic equations of orthotropic laminated plates are derived from the concepts of Timoshenko's beam theory to include the effects of transverse shear and rotatory inertia. The propagation of flexural waves is discussed. The transient response of a rectangular plate to a normal impact is investigated. We also consider briefly the influence of internal friction related to the damping on the response of the plate.
Magnetic field on a fast charged particle traversing a ferromagnet

The dynamic magnetic field on a fast particle of charge $\mathrm{Ze}$ traversing a ferromagnet is calculated in the linear-response theory. The classical dielectric constant is used. For particle velocities $v\ensuremath{\gg}Z{v}_{0}$ (${v}_{0}$ is the Bohr velocity) the dynamic field is $4\ensuremath{\pi}Z(\frac{{v}_{0}}{v}){M}_{0}$ where ${M}_{0}$ is the magnetization of the ferromagnet.
Nurses and physicians must interact for valid clinical research.

The results of clinical research provide information for improving patient care. Seldom can one profession conduct research in the clinical setting without communicating with other professionals affected by the research protocol. When informed consent is obtained from the patient, an investigator may think that sufficient communication to all parties affected by a study has occurred. To conceptualize interactions observed between two professions, (i.e., nursing and medicine), five patterns are proposed: blocking research, hidden research, dumping research, negotiated research, and collaborative research. The patterns are associated with various amounts or types of communication about research. Each description of a pattern contains (a) an example of the interactions possible in that model, (b) a set of assumptions that underlie those interactions, and (c) a number of potential outcomes. The interactions described are real occurrences with some details changed to prevent identification of individuals or institutions. These examples of research interactions occurred at several institutions. The outcomes listed are not all possible at the same time, but are a compilation of a number of outcomes that could occur.
Moored fish cage dynamics in waves and currents

Recent work in the area of open ocean aquaculture system dynamics has focused separately upon either the response of fish cages in waves or the steady drag response due to ocean currents. In reality, however, forcing on these open ocean structures is a nonlinear, multidirectional combination of both wave and current profiles. At the University of New Hampshire-operated Open Ocean Aquaculture site, data were collected from a wave measurement buoy and a downward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler to characterize the surface elevation and water velocity profiles during an extreme northeast storm event. In addition to waves and currents, fish cage motion response in heave, surge, and pitch was inferred from accelerometer measurements during the same storm. The environmental data sets obtained during the peak of the storm were processed, analyzed, and used as input to a dynamic finite-element model. Simulations were performed using three load case scenarios: 1) in both waves and currents; 2) in waves only; and 3) in currents only. Model motion response results in both the time and frequency domain were compared with data obtained in situ . In addition to the motion response tests, the wave and current forcing influencing the mooring line tension response was also investigated. Analysis shows that in this case, the currents do not severely influence the oscillatory motion response, but do cause the cage to tilt, layback, and sink. The wave and current interaction effect did, however, influence the anchor line loads with a portion being attributed to nonlinear effects.
Immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry studies suggest that glutamate receptor delta subunits form novel postsynaptic receptor complexes

An antibody was made to a C-terminus peptide of the glutamate receptor delta 2 subunit and used to study the distribution, biochemical properties, and developmental expression of the delta receptor in rat brain. The antibody recognizes both delta 1 and delta 2 but not AMPA, kainate, NMDA, and mGluR1 alpha glutamate receptor subunits based on Western blot analysis of transfected HEK-293 cells. Western blot analysis of brain showed a single immunoreactive band, migrating at M(r) = 114,000. Immunoprecipitation of detergent-solubilized cerebellar membranes was done to determine if delta is associated with other glutamate receptor subunits and if it binds any of the common excitatory amino acid ligands. Based on results of these studies, AMPA, kainate, NMDA, and mGluR1 alpha subunits do not coassemble with delta subunits, and 3H-glutamate, 3H-AMPA and 3H-kainate do not bind to the delta receptor complex. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses showed marked expression of delta in the cerebellum while lower levels were detected in other regions of the brain. A dramatic increase of delta 1/2 immunoreactivity was observed in the cerebellum between the ages of 10 and 15 d postnatal. Light and electron microscopy, respectively, demonstrated dense immunostaining in Purkinje cells and in postsynaptic densities of the adult parallel fiber-Purkinje spine synapse. The prominent delta 1/2 immunoreactivity found in the parallel fiber-Purkinje spine synapse, and the temporal correlation of the development of this synapse with the major increase in delta 1/2 immunoreactivity, suggest a major functional role for the delta subunits in cerebellar circuitry.
Seasonal variation in gene expression for loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) from different geographical regions

In developing xylem, gene expression levels vary in different genotypes, at different stages of development, throughout a growing season, and in response to stresses. Commercially important characteristics such as wood-specific gravity are known to differ with seed source. For example, when grown on a common site, the specific gravity of Arkansas loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees is greater than that of Louisiana loblolly pine, and Texas loblolly pines have a greater specific gravity than loblolly pines from the Atlantic coast. A microarray analysis was performed to examine variation in gene expression among trees from different geographical sources when grown on a common site, and seasonal variation in gene expression in each seed source. We used microarrays containing 2171 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with putative functions of interest, selected from several loblolly pine xylem partial cDNA libraries and a shoot tip library. Genes with significant variation in expression for each factor were identified. Many genes preferentially expressed in latewood compared with earlywood were for proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Variation in gene expression among trees from the two seed sources in each growing season suggests that there may be more differences between South Arkansas trees and South Louisiana trees in latewood than in earlywood. Variation in gene expression among trees from different regions may reflect adaptation to different environments.
Boundary value problem order reduction in sliding mode - a power distribution method for hybrid power systems

This paper presents a suboptimal power split control method for hybrid power systems. Optimality is evaluated by energy consumption. By using the concept of sliding mode control, the requested power is delivered to the load, the order of the boundary value problem results from minimum principle is reduced at the expense of suboptimal solution.
Extra Curricular Life Of Overseas Student-Teachers

Overseas student-teaching is becoming increasingly popular among American college students. Unfortunately, relatively little is known empirically regarding how these students find their experiences—academically or outside of the teaching classroom. Consequently, the present research study used rigorous qualitative methods in order to appraise extra-curricular experiences from a sample of 13 students who completed their student teaching overseas. Results showed students to experience surface relationships with nationals and deeper connections with faculty. While the student teachers reported participating in various excursions alongside nationals, they generally categorized their connections with these people on surface levels, explaining that relationships were hindered by language barrier inhibitions. In contrast, when our participants described their interactions with faculty, they spoke in terms of meaningful connections and bonding experiences.
Real-Time Study of Prostate Intrafraction Motion During External Beam Radiotherapy With Daily Endorectal Balloon

Purpose To prospectively investigate intrafraction prostate motion during radiofrequency-guided prostate radiotherapy with implanted electromagnetic transponders when daily endorectal balloon (ERB) is used. Methods and Materials Intrafraction prostate motion from 24 patients in 787 treatment sessions was evaluated based on three-dimensional (3D), lateral, cranial-caudal (CC), and anterior-posterior (AP) displacements. The mean percentage of time with 3D, lateral, CC, and AP prostate displacements >2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 mm in 1 minute intervals was calculated for up to 6 minutes of treatment time. Correlation between the mean percentage time with 3D prostate displacement >3 mm vs. treatment week was investigated. Results The percentage of time with 3D prostate movement >2, 3, and 4 mm increased with elapsed treatment time ( p 5 mm was independent of elapsed treatment time ( p = 0.11). The overall mean time with prostate excursions >3 mm was 5%. Directional analysis showed negligible lateral prostate motion; AP and CC motion were comparable. The fraction of time with 3D prostate movement >3 mm did not depend on treatment week of ( p > 0.05) over a 4-minute mean treatment time. Conclusions Daily endorectal balloon consistently stabilizes the prostate, preventing clinically significant displacement (>5 mm). A 3-mm internal margin may sufficiently account for 95% of intrafraction prostate movement for up to 6 minutes of treatment time. Directional analysis suggests that the lateral internal margin could be further reduced to 2 mm.
Guanine-rich DNA nanocircles for the synthesis and characterization of long cytosine-rich telomeric DNAs

Short synthetic oligonucleotides derived from the human telomeric repeat have been studied recently for their ability to fold into four-stranded structures that are thought to be important to their biological function. Because telomeric DNAs are several kilobases in length, however, their folding might well be affected by cooperative or high-order interactions in these long sequences. Here, we present a new molecular system that allows for easy synthesis of very long stretches of the cytosine-rich strand of human telomeric DNA. Small circular DNAs composed of the G-rich sequence of human telomeres were prepared and used as templates in a rolling-circle replication mechanism. To facilitate the synthesis of the repetitive G-rich circles, an orthogonal base-protection strategy that made use of dimethylformamidine-protected guanine nucleobases was developed. Nanometer-scale circles ranging in size from 42 to 54 nucleotides were prepared. Subsequently, we tested the action of various DNA polymerases on these circular templates, and identified DNA Pol I (Klenow fragment) and T7 DNA polymerase as enzymes that are able to generate very long, C-rich telomeric DNA strands. Purification and initial structural examination of these C-rich polymeric products revealed evidence of a folded structure in the polymer.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Frontal Polymerization with Autoacceleration

A free-boundary model is used to describe frontal polymerization. Autoacceleration effects, such as the gel effect, are accounted for in the formulation. Weakly nonlinear analysis is applied to investigate pulsating instabilities in two dimensions. The analysis produces a pair of Landau equations that describe the evolution of the linearly unstable modes. Autoacceleration influences the linear stability of the system as well as the onset and stability of spinning and standing modes.
New Methodology for the Measurement and Analysis of Adsorption Dynamics: Butane on Activated Carbon

The dynamic uptakes of n-butane on Westvaco BAX-1100 activated carbon were measured over the temperature and pressure ranges of 283−383 K and ∼3−1000 Torr, respectively. The experimental uptakes were used to determine the overall linear driving force (LDF) mass-transfer coefficients and their statistically significant dependences on the operating conditions (temperature and loading). Moreover, the effects of temperature on the order of the parabolic concentration profiles inside the adsorbent particle were determined, and the role of these effects in providing the proper description of the energy-activated mechanism of diffusion was established over the studied range of operating conditions. Overall, it was indicated that the energy barrier for diffusion is independent of temperature and that it increases with increasing adsorbent surface coverage with the adsorbate. Nevertheless, a transient state of diffusion was indicated in which an apparent energy barrier for diffusion appears to depend on temperature.
A miniature fully-passive microwave back-scattering device for short-range telemetry of neural potentials

This paper describes a fully passive telemetry technique based on microwave backscattering. In this technique, a subharmonically-pumped passive mixer is coupled to a bio-probe and one or two miniature antennas. When interrogated by an RF excitation, this device generates an amplitude modulated RF backscattering component centered at twice the frequency of excitation. An external sensitive receiver can be used to demodulate the backscattering component and recover the bio-potential. A simple prototype based on solid state diodes has been fabricated and tested for 2.4/4.8 GHz and has the dimensions of 11.5 × 4.6 mm2 and thickness of ∼1 mm. Experiments with this very simple device show that low-frequency signals (f m <1 kHz) as low as 1 mV can results in double-sideband levels of greater than −126 dBm for an incident RF power of less than 1 mW/cm2. The proposed device is intended to be coated with an insulating bio-compatible coating and serve as a telemetry chip for chronic implantation inside the body.
Afferent Innervation, Muscle Spindles, and Contractures Following Neonatal Brachial Plexus Injury in a Mouse Model.

Purpose We used an established mouse model of elbow flexion contracture after neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) to test the hypothesis that preservation of afferent innervation protects against contractures and is associated with preservation of muscle spindles and ErbB signaling. Methods A model of preganglionic C5 through C7 NBPI was first tested in mice with fluorescent axons using confocal imaging to confirm preserved afferent innervation of spindles despite motor end plate denervation. Preganglionic and postganglionic injuries were then created in wild-type mice. Four weeks later, we assessed total and afferent denervation of the elbow flexors by musculocutaneous nerve immunohistochemistry. Biceps muscle volume and cross-sectional area were measured by micro computed tomography. An observer who was blinded to the study protocol measured elbow flexion contractures. Biceps spindle and muscle fiber morphology and ErbB signaling pathway activity were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. Results Preganglionic and postganglionic injuries caused similar total denervation and biceps muscle atrophy. However, after preganglionic injuries, afferent innervation was partially preserved and elbow flexion contractures were significantly less severe. Spindles degenerated after postganglionic injury but were preserved after preganglionic injury. ErbB signaling was inactivated in denervated spindles after postganglionic injury but ErbB signaling activity was preserved in spindles after preganglionic injury with retained afferent innervation. Preganglionic and postganglionic injuries were associated with upregulation of ErbB signaling in extrafusal muscle fibers. Conclusions Contractures after NBPI are associated with muscle spindle degeneration and loss of spindle ErbB signaling activity. Preservation of afferent innervation maintained spindle development and ErbB signaling activity, and protected against contractures. Clinical relevance Pharmacologic modulation of ErbB signaling, which is being investigated as a therapy for congestive heart failure, may be able to recapitulate the protective effects of afferent innervation in spindle development and contracture prevention. Muscle spindle preservation may also have implications in proprioception and motor learning, both of which are impaired in NBPI.
When Demand Exceeds Supply: Second-Order Criteria Used by Graduate School Selection Committees

The three primary criteria used to evaluate applicants by doctoral selection committees—grade point average, Graduate Record Examination scores, and letters of recommendation—may fail to narrow the field to the small number of slots available. A survey of doctoral selection committee members identified the relative importance of the next level of selection criteria. Among the most important are research experience, “good match” factors, and writing skills. Among the least important are ability to speak a language other than English, geographical origins of applicants, and “legacy.” Few differences were found between selection committee members from clinical/counseling programs and experimental programs, underscoring the importance of undergraduate research opportunities and adequate faculty advising.
Simulated images of the plasmasphere

In preparation for the upcoming IMI mission to image the Earth's inner magnetosphere, we have simulated several images for two EUV emission lines in the plasmasphere. Two main candidates for remote sensing of the plasmasphere are He II 304 A and O II 834 A emissions, both of which are excited by resonantly scattered sunlight. Despite the technical difficulties associated with observing a faint plasmaspheric emission component above the bright disk, the possibility of remotely imaging upflowing O(+) ions pouring into the plasmasphere is compelling enough that the IMI mission payload is likely to include an 834 A imager. We have simulated these two emissions as seen from a nominal IMI orbit, using a constant model plasmasphere and upflowing ion rate. The resulting images show a rough idea of what may be expected from the IMI plasmasphere imagers.
Anterior spinal cord syndrome of unknown etiology

A spinal cord injury encompasses a physical insult to the spinal cord. In the case of anterior spinal cord syndrome, the insult is a vascular lesion at the anterior spinal artery. We present the cases of two 13-year-old boys with anterior spinal cord syndrome, along with a review of the anatomy and vasculature of the spinal cord and an explanation of how a lesion in the cord corresponds to anterior spinal cord syndrome.
Meteorological Factors Affecting Interannual Variability of Summertime lce Extent in the Beaufort Sea

Abstract The relationship between meteorological factors, measured at Barrow, Alaska, and summertime Beaufort Sea ice conditions along the shipping route between Pt. Barrow and Prudhoe Bay was investigated using data available from 1953–1975. Light-ice summers are associated with higher than normal sea level pressure (SLP) northeast of the Beaufort Sea (centered on 80°N, 120°W), lower than normal SLP over the east Siberian Sea and with more frequent surface winds primarily from the directions 135–195°. A reversal in this pressure and wind direction pattern occurs during heavy-ice summers. Air temperature, in the form of thawing degree days (TDD's), is the parameter most highly correlated with the summertime ice margin distance (r = 0.815) and it is highly correlated with SLP and wind direction. Correlation coefficients between these meteorological factors and ice margin distance increase during the summer suggesting their increasing importance to melt processes with time. The amount of open water by late ...
A Semigeostrophic Eady-Wave Frontal Model Incorporating Momentum Diffusion. Part III: Wave Dispersion and Dissipation.

Abstract The two-dimensional, semigeostrophic and uniform potential vorticity Eady model is considered. An unstable baroclinic wave develops large velocity and temperature gradients in a narrow zone. Momentum diffusion and wave dispersion are incorporated into the model to prevent the ultimate development of a discontinuity in the alongfront geostrophic velocity υ(υx = ∞). Diffusion and dispersion act to reduce the amplitude of the growing baroclinic wave, and these processes also act to expand the width of the frontal zone, where the maximum velocity gradient is located. Explicit relationships are derived that reveal how these processes are dependent on two parameters: ϵ, the nondimensional eddy diffusion coefficient, and λ the ratio of a dispersion coefficient μ to ϵ2. The total dissipation of kinetic energy D is separated into two parts,D1andD2:D1 provides the dissipation that is largely confined to the relatively narrow frontal zone, and D2 = D − D1 provides the dissipation that is associated with the...
Single-Instruction Multiple-Data Execution

Having hit power limitations to even more aggressive out-of-order execution in processor cores, many architects in the past decade have turned to single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) execution to increase single-threaded performance. SIMD execution, or having a single instruction drive execution of an identical operation on multiple data items, was already well established as a technique to efficiently exploit data parallelism. Furthermore, support for it was already included in many commodity processors. However, in the past decade, SIMD execution has seen a dramatic increase in the set of applications using it, which has motivated big improvements in hardware support in mainstream microprocessors. The easiest way to provide a big performance boost to SIMD hardware is to make it wider— i.e., increase the number of data items hardware operates on simultaneously. Indeed, microprocessor vendors have done this. However, as we exploit more data parallelism in applications, certain challenges can negatively impact performance. In particular, conditional execution, noncontiguous memory accesses, and the presence of some dependences across data items are key roadblocks to achieving peak performance with SIMD execution. This book first describes data parallelism, and why it is so common in popular applications. We then describe SIMD execution, and explain where its performance and energy benefits come from compared to other techniques to exploit parallelism. Finally, we describe SIMD hardware support in current commodity microprocessors. This includes both expected design tradeoffs, as well as unexpected ones, as we work to overcome challenges encountered when trying to map real software to SIMD execution.
Hospital Care for Mental Health Conditions and Substance Abuse in Children with Underlying Neurological Disorders (P2.249)

OBJECTIVE: To compare patterns of hospital care for Mental Health and Substance Abuse (MHSA) conditions in children with epilepsy, cerebral palsy and Tourette syndrome to the general pediatric population. BACKGROUND: Reducing the burden of mental illness requires greater knowledge of outcomes in groups at increased risk of primary and secondary (medication induced) psychiatric illness, such as those with neurological conditions. DESIGN/METHODS: Cross-sectional study of hospitalizations of children ages of 3-21 in the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KIDs) for the years 2003, 2006, and 2009. ICD-9 based algorithms identified MHSA hospitalizations: alcohol abuse, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, mania, psychosis, psychotic depression, substance abuse, or attempted suicide/suicidal ideation, and patients with cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, or Tourette syndrome (TS). We compared MHSA diagnosis patterns and length of stay between neurological groups and the general population using multivariable logistic regression models that controlled for demographic, payer, and hospital characteristics. RESULTS: Of 676,586 MHSA hospitalizations, 49, 122 involved a child with a chronic neurological condition. Depression was the most common psychiatric diagnosis in the general, epilepsy and cerebral palsy populations was depression (41.1[percnt], 50.3[percnt], and 37.6[percnt] respectively). Only children with epilepsy had greater adjusted odds of mania (AOR 1.96, 1.58-2.42), depression (AOR 1.26, 1.02-1.56) or psychosis (AOR 1.38, 1.04-1.84) than the general population. Notably, children with the selected neurological disorders were less likely to be hospitalized for suicide attempt/suicidal ideation (CP: AOR 0.65, 0.56-0.76, Epilepsy: AOR 0.66, 0.47-0.95; TS: AOR 0.16, 0.22-1.20) or substance abuse (CP: AOR 0.29, 0.25-0.34; Epilepsy: AOR 0.38, 0.27-0.53; TS: AOR 0.08, 0.01-0.58). Children with neurological conditions experienced a prolonged length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Children with common neurological conditions have distinct patterns of hospitalization for mental illness and substance abuse, and they experience prolonged hospitalization for MHSA conditions. Disease specific screening/treatment may be necessary to reduce MHSA hospitalizations in these populations. Disclosure: Dr. Gianangelo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Willis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thibault has nothing to disclose.
Theology in a Catholic University: Newman's Significance for Today.

The article presents an analysis of Newman's understanding of theology and its role in the Catholic University of Ireland. In explaining Newman's understanding of university theology, the article focuses on two elements of Newman's thought. The first is Newman's understanding of theology as a form of liberal knowledge. An application of the elements of liberal knowledge to theology reveals the main characteristics of Newman's understanding of university theology. The second is Newman's understanding of the relationship between the church and the university. Newman distinguishes between the mission of the Catholic Church and the mission of the Catholic university. The distinct mission of the university indicates that the objective of university theology is different from the teaching mission of the magisterium. In the final section, the article examines the significance of Newman's ideas for Catholic universities in the United States today.
Sociodemographic impact on survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a survival epidemiology and end results study

Aim: To investigate outcomes in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients stratified by sociodemographic and clinical factors in a population study. Materials & methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients diagnosed in 2000–2011. Overall survival (OS) was stratified using patient sociodemographic characteristics and American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify prognostic factors of OS. Results: In patients with AJCC stage I and II unresectable HCC, prolonged OS was correlated with being married, younger age, ethnicity, geographic location, living in large urban areas, being insured and higher income and education levels. Conclusion: In AJCC stage I and II unresectable HCC patients with favorable sociodemographic factors, prolonged OS maybe in part related to better access to cancer-directed therapy.
Symptomatic Versus Asymptomatic Colorectal Cancer: Predictive Features at CT Colonography

Rationale and Objectives Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is a robust tool for evaluating colorectal lesions in both screening and diagnostic settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor characteristics and patient symptomatology. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of all pathology-confirmed cases of CRC evaluated with CTC at our institution from October 2004 to October 2012. Cases were reviewed to determine tumor size, morphology, and degree of luminal narrowing. An electronic medical record review was performed to delineate specific patient symptomatology and determine depth of invasion. Results A total of 55 patients (36 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic) with a total of 63 CRCs were evaluated by CTC during the study time period. The most common symptoms were gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding/anemia (n = 26), followed by obstructive symptoms (n = 23), and constitutional symptoms (n = 5). Symptomatic cancers were more likely to have annular morphology (n = 30/43, 70% vs. n = 3/20, 15%; odds ratio [OR] = 13.1, P = 0.0003), whereas asymptomatic cancers were more likely to be polypoid (n = 11/20, 55% vs. n = 6/43, 14%, OR = 7.5, P = 0.001). Symptomatic cancers were also larger (46.1 ± 22.4 vs. 38.8 ± 18.4 mm, P = 0.005) and resulted in greater luminal narrowing (8.7 ± 8.5 mm vs. 35.8 ± 18.8 mm, P Conclusions There is an intuitive and predictable relationship between tumor characteristics on CTC and patient symptoms. Annular morphology, tumor size, degree of luminal narrowing, and invasive disease all correlate with the presence of symptoms.
Molecular association state of bovine serum albumin and its effect on emulsifying activity

Oil-in-water (4:6) emulsions stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0.225 HIM), at pH 7, were used to study the effects of molecular association on the viscosity of emulsions and emulsifying activity (EA). Anions -TCA- and -SO4- had different effects on the intermolecular association of BSA. Aggregates (A) of BSA comprising A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7 were detected in the control and the anion (100 mM) containing emulsions. The extent of association of BSA was in the order; control > -SO4- > -TCA-. The EA also showed the same order whereas the viscosity of emulsions showed the reverse order. High energy input per unit volume (>684 106 J•m-3) caused molecular dissociation and a concomitant decrease in EA. Apparently, a certain degree of association is required for EA of BSA.