cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Content dimensions of Web advertising: a cross-national comparison

This research examines advertising on the World Wide Web in the major content dimensions such as creative appeal/strategy used, the amount and type of information contained, and some descriptive characteristics that are unique to the new medium. In an attempt to determine whether and how Web advertising differs across countries of diverse cultures, a content analysis was conducted on a total of 310 Web ads selected from three countries—the US, the UK, and South Korea. The study reveals a prevalent use of the Web by marketers of services. Results also indicate significant cross-national differences in various content dimensions especially among product ads on the Web. Given the research findings, advertising implications for global marketers are discussed along with the limitations of the study. Directions for future research are also suggested.
Accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography in the identification of postoperative intramural ventricular septal defects

Abstract Background Intramural ventricular septal defects (VSDs), residual interventricular communications occurring after repair of conotruncal defects, are associated with poor postoperative outcomes. The ability of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to identify intramural VSDs has not yet been evaluated. Methods Intraoperative TEE and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) data in all patients undergoing all biventricular repair of conotruncal anomalies in our hospital between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2013, were reviewed. The ability of TEE to accurately identify residual defects was assessed using postoperative TTE as the reference imaging modality. Results Intramural VSDs occurred in 34 of 337 patients evaluated; 19 were identified by both TTE and TEE, and 15 were identified by TTE only. Sensitivity was 56% and specificity was 100% for TEE to identify intramural VSDs. Peripatch VSDs were identified in 90 patients by both TTE and TEE, in 53 by TTE only, and in 15 by TEE only, yielding a sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 92%. Of the VSDs requiring catheterization or surgical reintervention, 6 of 7 intramural VSDs and all 5 peripatch VSDs were identified by intraoperative TEE. TEE guided the intraoperative decision to return to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in an attempt to close residual defects in 12 patients with intramural VSDs and in 4 patients with peripatch VSDs seen after initial CPB; of these, 10 intramural VSDs and all 4 peripatch VSDs resolved or became smaller on final intraoperative TEE. Conclusions TEE has modest sensitivity but high specificity for identifying intramural VSDs and can detect most defects requiring reintervention. Repeat attempts at closure in the index operation may successfully correct intramural VSDs identified by TEE.
Social Skills Interventions for Students With Challenging Behavior: Evaluating the Quality of the Evidence Base

This study provides results on a methodological quality review of the single-case research literature from 1998 to 2014 on the use of social skills interventions for students with challenging behavior. A systematic review of the social skills literature was conducted with the intent of updating the Mathur et al. study of social skills interventions. Twenty-four studies, published between 1998 and 2014, were identified and coded for methodological quality. Findings indicated half the studies failed to meet single-case design standards. Many studies did not sufficiently report reliability, implementation fidelity, or provide adequate opportunities to demonstrate intervention effect. The three most common behaviors across all studies were noncompliance, negative verbal interactions, and class disruptions. The majority of studies were conducted in early elementary grades. Results are discussed in the context of the need for greater methodological rigor for future single-case research studies in the area of so...
The effect of bacteriuria on bladder and renal pelvic pressures in the rat.

AbstractWe investigated the effect of urinary tract infection on bladder and renal pelvic urodynamics in a rat model to examine the role of pressure during infection. Either an antibiotic solution (control group) or Escherichia coli with type 1 pili (infected group) was instilled into the bladder. After 2 to 6 days simultaneous continuous bladder and renal pelvic pressures were measured during urinary flows from less than 2 to greater than 20ml./kg. per hour while the bladder filled and emptied. Bladder pressures from 50 to 100% of maximum capacity and maximum voiding pressures were significantly higher in the infected group than the control group (36.7 ± 6.79cm. water versus 25.5 ± 5.21cm. water, respectively, p <0.0001). Renal pelvic pressures were significantly higher in the infected group during bladder filling at all urinary flows examined and actually exceeded bladder pressure for the highest flows. We conclude that elevated renal pelvic pressures may contribute to renal changes observed during urin...
Disparate vantage points: Race, gender, county context, and attitudes about harsh punishments in the US

In this paper, I use data from the General Social Survey, FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics, and other sources to consider differences in attitudes about punishment among four groups-Black men, Black women, White men, and White women-as well as how these differences vary according to county crime rates. Centering my expectations about group-specific attitudes within conflict theory and prior empirical findings, I am guided by the presumption that race and gender are cultural categories that shape attitudes about punishment by influencing our interactions with the criminal justice system, and that the meaning of these cultural categories varies by context. Analyses provide some evidence that race, gender, and context interact to shape attitudes about punishment. Overall, this research improves our understanding of group differences in punitive attitudes and of the cultural context in which the US system of incarceration operates.
Model of Fluid Transport in the Small Intestine: Effect of Venous Pressure Elevation on Fluid Transport

The intestine transports large volumes of fluid daily, approximately 9 liters, and this transported volume must not only traverse the mucosal epithelial cells, but the fluid must flow through the interstitium and finally enter either the lymphatics or capillaries. Figure 1 is a schematic, idealized representation of the mucosal membrane, intestinal interstitium and capillary. There are two possible flows across the mucosa: 1) The volume flow associated with the active transport (JV, MA) and a passive volume flow (JV, MP) that is related to the Starling forces operating across the mucosal membrane: $${\text{J}}_{{\text{V,M}}} {\text{ = J}}_{{\text{V,MA}}} {\text{ - J}}_{{\text{V,MP}}} {\text{;}}$$ and $$= J_{V,MA} - \left[ {K_{F,M} \left( {P_T - P_M - O_M \left( {\pi _T - \pi _M } \right.} \right)} \right]$$ where JV,M is the net volume movement across the mucosal membrane, KF,M is the filtration coefficient of the mucosal membrane (ml/min/ mm Hg/100 gm), PT is the tissue fluid pressure, PM is the mucosal pressure, ЛT is the tissue colloid osmotic pressure, ЛM is the mucosal colloid osmotic pressure and σM is the reflection coefficient of the mucosal membrane (σ = 1 if the membrane is impermeable to the plasma proteins and is equal to 0 if the proteins are freely permeable).
Photocatalytic decomposition of Rhodamine B on uranium-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide

Mesoporous uranium-doped TiO2 anatase materials were studied to determine the influence of U-doping on the photocatalytic properties for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. The physico-chemical properties of the samples were characterized and the results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy demonstrate homogeneous incorporation of uranium into the anatase lattice. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the doped anatase confirmed the dominance of the U4+ species and an increasing proportion of U6+ species as the uranium doping was increased. The absorption thresholds of the uranium-doped anatase extended into the visible light region. A synergistic effect of the band gap energy and oxidation state of the dopant contribute to an enhanced photocatalytic capability for RhB degradation by U-doped TiO2.
Recalling and Intending to Enact Health Recommendations: Optimal Number of Prescribed Behaviors in Multibehavior Messages:

Two experiments investigated the effects of the number of health recommendations (e.g., quit smoking; relax for a day) contained in a health-promotion message on recommendation recall and intentions to enact the recommendations. We hypothesized that if recommendations are stored individually, a higher number of presented recommendations will increase the number of recalled recommendations. As the number of recommendations increases, however, recipients are likely to summarize more recommendations as part of a single, more general theme (or header), resulting in a decrease in the proportion of recalled recommendations. Two experiments (N = 193 and N = 266) found that the total number of recalled recommendations increased and the proportion of recalled recommendations decreased with the number of presented recommendations. Experiment 2 replicated the findings with the number and the proportion of intended behaviors. The implications of these findings for future behavioral health interventions are discussed.
Dimensional stability and anisotropy of SiC and SiC-based composites in transition swelling regime

Abstract Swelling, or volumetric expansion, is an inevitable consequence of the atomic displacement damage in crystalline silicon carbide (SiC) caused by energetic neutron irradiation. Because of its steep temperature and dose dependence, understanding swelling is essential for designing SiC-based components for nuclear applications. In this study, swelling behaviors of monolithic CVD SiC and nuclear grade SiC fiber – SiC matrix (SiC/SiC) composites were accurately determined, supported by the irradiation temperature determination for individual samples, following neutron irradiation within the lower transition swelling temperature regime. Slightly anisotropic swelling behaviors were found for the SiC/SiC samples and attributed primarily to the combined effects of the pre-existing microcracking, fiber architecture, and specimen dimension. A semi-empirical model of SiC swelling was calibrated and presented. Finally, implications of the refined model to selected swelling-related issues for SiC-based nuclar reactor components are discussed.
Who Dunnit? New Clues Concerning the Development of Chalcolithic Metal Technology in the Southern Levant

Several decades after the discovery of the spectacular Nahal Mishmar Hoard (a collection of cast metal goods, some quite ornate, found in a cave high in the cliffs of the Judean Desert), many important questions about Chalcolithic metallurgy in the southern Levant remain unanswered. What is the origin of the materials used? Where were the final goods produced and what were the dynamics of production? In fact, new questions have also arisen as recent discoveries force us to reconsider previous interpretations of Chalcolithic metallurgy and the societies within which it evolved. Such will be the focus of this chapter.
Increasing Parallelism and Reducing Thread Contentions in Mapping Localized N-Body Simulations to GPUs

The use of graphics processors to accelerate N-body simulations has been widely studied. The primary focus of most of these studies has been a class of problems that model the entire system of bodies interacting under Newtonian dynamic laws. A separate class of N-body problems, referred to herein as localized N-body simulations, focus on simulating only a small region of the system, with random state updates in order to find a local optimum. Due to the differences in the problem geometries, the widely applied algorithms and data structures for accelerating N-body simulations are less effective when applied to localized N-body problems. In this chapter, we present techniques for effective parallelization and acceleration of such localized N-body simulations on GPUs. Using energy minimization simulations as a case study, we show the challenges in using the existing data structures in accelerating localized N-body simulations and propose modified data structures and algorithms that enable better parallelism, achieving 7× to 27× speedup over serial code.
Integration of Z-numbers and Bayesian decision theory: A hybrid approach to decision making under uncertainty and imprecision

Abstract For over four decades decision support systems have been emerging to facilitate decision making under uncertain conditions and in a rapidly changing unstructured environment. Most decision support approaches, such as Bayesian decision theory and computing with words (CW), compare and analyze the consequences of different decision alternatives. Bayesian decision methods use probability theory to handle uncertainty and have been widely used in different areas for estimation and prediction as well as offering decision support. On the other hand, computing with words and approximate reasoning apply fuzzy set theory to deal with imprecise measurements and inexact information and are most concerned with propositions stated in natural language. The concept of a Z-number [1] has been recently introduced to represent propositions and their reliability in natural language. This work proposes a methodology that integrates Z-numbers and Bayesian decision theory to provide decision support when precise measurements and exact values of parameters and probabilities are not available. The relationships and computing methods required for such integration are derived and mathematically proved. The proposed hybrid methodology benefits from both approaches and provides a decision support system based on imprecise and uncertain information drawn from natural language. In order to demonstrate the proof of concept, the proposed methodology has been applied to a realistic case study on breast cancer diagnosis.
Paper Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Blood-Based Analysis and Diagnostics

Blood is the most intensely studied human biofluid and is used as the main indicator (so-called “gold standard”) of the health status of the individual. Blood is also a very complex fluid, containing a multiplicity of components, including cells and cell fragments (red and white blood cells, platelets), proteins, and many other organic molecules. Laboratory-based blood analysis is a standard procedure that provides a wealth of information about the concentration of key components and enables medical personnel to establish diagnoses and treatments. To date, options for point-of-care (POC) or point-of-use (POU) blood analysis are limited and very low-cost options even more so. One analytical platform that contains the promise to fill this need utilizes paper-based microfluidic devices. This is a research area that has exhibited significant growth in the past few years, primarily because of its simplicity, fundamental low cost, and versatility. This article reviews the basic properties of blood, how these pr...
Examining Risk for Persistent Pain among Adults with Overweight Status.

Abstract Aims of Investigation: Obesity and persistent pain are public health concerns with associated high costs. Evidence supports an increased risk for reports of persistent pain among adults who are above the recommended body mass index level. However, data have not been clearly synthesized to report the risk for the two co-occurring conditions. Even less is known about how overweight status that does not reach the level of obesity is related to pain. Thus, the aim driving this review was to calculate the risk and odds ratios of chronic pain among adults with an overweight body mass index. Methods: A literature review was completed using CINAHL and PubMed databases. Key words were entered using combinations of several MeSH headers. Results: Risk and odds ratios were calculated to determine overweight status among adults with chronic pain. Risk and odds ratios were calculated from nine studies. Overweight adults were between 14% and 71% more likely to report chronic pain than normal-weight adults. Implications for Practice: Pain management nurses should educate adults about the importance of weight management to reduce risk for persistent pain. Nurses need to be informed about current national physical activity and diet recommendations to ensure proper health information is relayed to patients. Conclusions: There is an elevated risk for persistent pain among adults who are overweight compared with those who are recommended weight status. Future longitudinal research focused on causality can help determine which condition contributes to the other. Weight management may be implied for clinical risk reduction of pain conditions among adults who are above recommended body mass index levels.
Outcomes after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for cT2-4N0-1 non–small cell lung cancer: A propensity-matched analysis

Abstract Objective Comparative survival between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with cT2-4N0-1M0 non–small cell lung cancer has not been extensively studied. Methods Patients with cT2-4N0-1M0 non–small cell lung cancer who received platinum-based chemotherapy were retrospectively identified. Exclusion criteria included stage IV disease, induction radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. The primary end point was disease-free survival. Secondary end points were overall survival, chemotherapy tolerance, and ability of Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors response to predict survival. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, compared using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models, and stratified using matched pairs after propensity score matching. Results In total, 330 patients met the inclusion criteria (n = 92/group after propensity-score matching; median follow-up, 42 months). Five-year disease-free survival was 49% (95% confidence interval, 39-61) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus 48% (95% confidence interval, 38-61) for adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .70). On multivariable analysis, disease-free survival was not associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-1.90; P = .737), nor was overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-2.30; P = .572). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was more likely to receive full doses and cycles of chemotherapy (P = .014/0.005) and had fewer grade 3 or greater toxicities (P = .001). Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with disease-free survival (P = .035); 15% of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (14/92) had a major pathologic response. Conclusions Timing of chemotherapy, before or after surgery, is not associated with an improvement in overall or disease-free survival among patients with cT2-4N0-1M0 non–small cell lung cancer who undergo complete surgical resection.
Chlorocyon phantasma, a Late Eocene Borhyaenoid (Mammalia: Metatheria: Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados Locality, Andean Main Range, Central Chile

Sparassodont metatherians were the dominant terrestrial mammalian predators during South America's long Cenozoic isolation. This group's early fossil record is very poor, however, particularly for the late Eocene and early Oligocene. Here, we describe a new sparassodont, Chlorocyon phantasma, gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen from Los Helados, a new locality within the Abanico Formation of the Andean Main Range of central Chile. New 40Ar/39Ar dates at Los Helados bracketing the fossil-bearing level constrain the age of this specimen to 37–36 Ma (late Eocene), indicating that this new taxon likely pertains to the Mustersan South American Land Mammal “Age.” Chlorocyon is the first Paleogene sparassodont reported from Chile and the first sparassodont described from the Abanico Formation. Distinctive features, including a p3 with an anterior edge that is more curved than the posterior edge and the lack of a hypoconulid on m4, suggest that Chlorocyon is a borhyaenoid closely related to Pharsophorus or Plesiofelis, although much smaller. Chlorocyon represents a welcome addition to the sparse record of late Eocene sparassodonts and indicates that the diversity of non-proborhyaenid borhyaenoids prior to the late Oligocene was greater than previously thought.
Cuando los médicos hablaron de economía: familia, salario y alimentación en Chile (1930-1950)

El presente articulo analiza la participacion que tuvieron los medicos en la discusion sobre la dimension economica de la alimentacion, es decir, el reconocimiento de la relacion entre bajos salarios y las dificultades de las familias en adquirir un regimen alimenticio saludable y acorde con las exigencias productivas. Ademas de valorizar la discusion que se dio en las decadas de 1930 y 1940 sobre los efectos de la Gran Depresion en la condicion nutricional de los trabajadores, se busca reconocer la participacion que tuvieron los medicos en diversas instancias desde donde se discutio y aplico un salario minimo y familiar como forma de responder a la perdida de capacidad de compra de los trabajadores.
Helical Chains of Diatomic Molecules as a Model for Solid-State Optical Rotation

Optical rotation (OR) measurements are a common method for distinguishing chiral compounds, but it is not well understood how intra- and intermolecular interactions affect this electronic property....
Feasibility of a modified Atkins diet in glioma patients during radiation and its effect on radiation sensitization

Background Gliomas are the most dreaded primary brain tumour because of their dismal cure rates. Ketogenictype diets (kds) are high-fat, low-protein, and low-carbohydrate diets; the modified Atkins diet (mad) is a lessstringent version of a kd that still generates serum ketones in patients. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively examine the feasibility of attaining ketosis and the safety of the mad in patients undergoing radiation and chemotherapy treatment for glioma. The rate of pseudoprogression (psp) after treatment was also assessed as a marker of radiation sensitization. To our knowledge, this dataset is the largest published relating to patients with glioma undergoing kd during radiation and chemotherapy. Methods We retrospectively studied 29 patients with grades ii–iv astrocytoma following the mad during standard radiation and chemotherapy. Feasibility of attaining ketosis was assessed though levels of beta hydroxybutyrate in blood. Pre- and post-radiation magnetic resonance images were evaluated for psp by a neuroradiologist blinded to patient data. Results In the 29 patients who started the mad during radiation, ketosis was achieved in all 29 (100%). No serious adverse events occurred secondary to the mad. Of those 29 patients, 19 had glioblastoma multiforme. Of the latter 19 patients, 11 (58%) showed psp after mad and radiation and temozolomide therapy. Conclusions A modified Atkins diet is feasible and safe for glioma patients during radiation and chemotherapy treatment. The mad and resulting ketosis could play a role as a radiation sensitizer.
Trigonal Tellurium Nanostructure Formation Energy and Band gap

Trigonal-Tellurium (t-Te), a van der Waals material, recently garnered interest to the nanoelectronics community because a high hole mobility, a high bandgap, and low temperature growth have all been observed in nanostructures. We analyze various t-Te nanostructures (nanowires and layers) using first principles simulations. We compare bandgap variation and relative stability among different shapes and sizes of Te nanostructures. We determine that nanowires host higher bandgaps and are preferentially grown, rather than layers of t-Te. We also propose a simplified model using the number of van der Waals interactions in explaining relative stability among t-Te nanostructures. Finally, we study uniquely shaped (auxiliary) t-Te nanostructures and verify that their stability obeys the same simplified model.
Use of Telehealth to Improve Access to Care at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs During the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season.

OBJECTIVES This brief report examines the shift from in-person care to US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) telehealth services during 3 devastating hurricanes in 2017 (Harvey, Irma, and Maria). METHODS VA administrative data were used to analyze the number and percentage of telehealth services 30 d pre- and 30 d post- the 2017 hurricanes for 3 hurricane-impacted VA medical centers (VAMCs): Houston (Texas), Orlando (Florida), and San Juan (Puerto Rico). RESULTS All 3 VAMCs remained open during the hurricanes. For the Houston VAMC, during the first week post-Harvey, in-person patient visits decreased while telehealth visits increased substantially. Similarly, for the Orlando VAMC, during the 1-wk post-Irma, telehealth use increased substantially. For the San Juan VAMC, there were many interruptions in the use of telehealth due to many power outages, resulting in a modest increase in the use of telehealth post-Irma/Maria. The most commonly used telehealth services at Houston and Orlando VAMCs during the hurricanes were: primary care, triage, mental health, and home health. CONCLUSIONS Telehealth has the potential to improve post-disaster access to and coordination of care. However, more information is needed to better understand how telehealth services can be used as a post-disaster health-care delivery tool, particularly for patients receiving care outside of systems such as VA.
CHAPTER III – Radiometric Nomenclature

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses radiometry and the theory of radiometric calibration. The units that list the radiometric entities of interest are based on the elementary concepts of flux, area, and solid angle. Flux is defined as any quantity that is propagated or spatially distributed according to the laws of geometry or the geometry of radiation. A few examples are radiant energy, radiant power, visible light or luminous flux, electromagnetic quanta or photons, spectral radiant power, and entropy. The geometrical distribution of flux with respect to position is the flux per unit area. There are two entities included to differentiate between emitted and incident flux. Emitted flux is given the general term of exitance that is modified to provide radiant exitance and luminous exitance. The chapter focuses on entities based on flux, volume, and solid angle. It also discusses properties of materials such as absorptance, transmittance, reflectance, and emissivity. Terms that end in “ivity” refer to the ideal property of a material having planar surfaces between two media and no oxides or coatings on the surface. On the other hand, terms ending in “ance” refer to the property of an actual sample or path.
Correction to: The PET Sandwich: Using Serial FDG-PET Scans with Interval Burst Suppression to Assess Ictal Components of Disease

In the original article, Figure 5 has incorrect EEG images and the corrected version is shown below.
Real-time air pollution (PM2.5) measurements in Education City, Doha, Qatar: Evaluating data from two different photometric monitors

Background: Given the health hazards posed by particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), the need exists for simple, cost-effective, and real-time methods to monitor air quality with high spatio-temporal resolution. Direct-reading photometric detection is one modality of real-time PM2.5 monitoring. However, photometric data often require post hoc correction factors specific to individual manufacturers, meteorological conditions, and particle sizes and compositions. Methods: We methodically compared and evaluated PM2.5 concentration values collected by two different photometric monitors (TSI Environmental Monitor 8540 and MetOne ES-642) in Education City, Doha, Qatar. We analyzed the data collected by the two monitors in two different locations in September and December 2019, and side-by-side for two weeks in February 2020. Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine correction factors between the two monitors. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that both monitors reported almost identical trends in PM2.5 concentration, while the TSI monitor exaggerated the values by approximately twofold. When correlation-based corrections were applied, data from the two monitors matched almost perfectly for all comparison periods. As correction factors between PM2.5 sensors may vary based on in situ conditions, calibration must therefore be conducted on a case-by-case basis. However, our methodologies could constitute a template for future development of cross-calibration strategies. In addition, we determined average PM2.5 concentrations in Education City for each study period. These values were lower than those previously reported for other locations in Qatar during similar seasons. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the relevance of the microenvironment when assessing PM2.5 levels for public health purposes. This investigation is expected to support and inform air quality management and mitigation strategies.
The Role of Metabolic Enzymes in the Regulation of Inflammation

Immune cells undergo dramatic metabolic reprogramming in response to external stimuli. These metabolic pathways, long considered as simple housekeeping functions, are increasingly understood to critically regulate the immune response, determining the activation, differentiation, and downstream effector functions of both lymphoid and myeloid cells. Within the complex metabolic networks associated with immune activation, several enzymes play key roles in regulating inflammation and represent potential therapeutic targets in human disease. In some cases, these enzymes control flux through pathways required to meet specific energetic or metabolic demands of the immune response. In other cases, key enzymes control the concentrations of immunoactive metabolites with direct roles in signaling. Finally, and perhaps most interestingly, several metabolic enzymes have evolved moonlighting functions, with roles in the immune response that are entirely independent of their conventional enzyme activities. Here, we review key metabolic enzymes that critically regulate inflammation, highlighting mechanistic insights and opportunities for clinical intervention.
Autosomal-dominant WFS1-related disorder-Report of a novel WFS1 variant and review of the phenotypic spectrum of autosomal recessive and dominant forms.

Wolfram syndrome was initially reported as an autosomal recessive (AR), progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to diabetes insipidus, childhood onset diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy, and deafness (D) also known as DIDMOAD. However, heterozygous dominant pathogenic variants in Wolfram syndrome type 1 (WFS1) may lead to distinct, allelic conditions, described as isolated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), syndromic SNHL, congenital cataracts, or early onset DM. We report a family with a novel dominant, likely pathogenic variant in WFS1 (NM_006005.3) c.2605_2616del12 (p.Ser869_His872del), resulting in cataracts, SNHL, and DM in a female and her mother. A maternal aunt had cataracts, DM, and SNHL but was not tested for the familial WFS1 mutation. Both the mother and maternal aunt had early menopause by age 43 years and infertility which may be a coincidental finding that has not been associated with autosomal dominant AD WFS1-related disorder to the best of our knowledge. Screening at risk individuals in families with the AR Wolfram syndrome, for DM, SNHL, and for cataracts is indicated.
Stress and Coping Among Health Professions Students During COVID-19: A Perspective on the Benefits of Mindfulness

Many health professions students experience elevated stress and burnout during their professional education and training. With the added challenges of COVID-19, students face a whole new set of stressors. Students in the Spring 2020 semester of our online academic course, "Mindfulness for Healthcare Providers," began confronting the COVID-19 crisis after several weeks of mindfulness meditation practice as part of the course. Students discussed their experiences using the course discussion boards, providing a unique opportunity to explore the practical application of mindfulness for student well-being during a crisis. Themes from the discussion board revealed a range of novel stressors and concerns due to COVID-19 (physical health, mental health, societal implications, academic and clinical training disruptions). All students reported that mindfulness practice helped them cope by improving specific mindfulness skills (focus, appreciation, cognitive de-centering, non-reactivity). Mindfulness training may be a useful approach to promoting student well-being during a crisis.
Formal Synthesis of Trajectories for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Perform Resilient Surveillance of Critical Power Transmission Lines

A smart grid is a widely distributed engineering system with overhead transmission lines. Physical damage to these power lines, from natural calamities or technical failures, will disrupt the functional integrity of the grid. To ensure the continuation of the grid's operational flow when those phenomena happen, the grid operator must immediately take steps to nullify the impacts and repair the problems, even if those occur in hardly-reachable remote areas. Emerging unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV s) show great potential to replace traditional human patrols for regularly monitoring critical situations involving the safety of the grid. The critical lines can be monitored by a fleet of UAV s, ensuring resilient surveillance. The proposed approach considers the $n-1$ contingency analysis to find the criticality of a transmission line. We propose a formal framework that verifies whether a given set of UAV s can perform continuous surveillance of the grid satisfying various requirements, particularly the monitoring and resiliency specifications. The verification process ultimately provides a trajectory plan for the UAV s, including the refueling schedules. The resiliency requirement of inspecting a point on a line is expressed in terms of a $k$ - property specifying that if $k$ UAV s fail or are compromised, there is still a UAV to collect the data on time. We evaluate the proposed framework on synthetic data based on various IEEE test bus systems.
Optogenetic tools for public goods control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Microorganisms live in dense and diverse communities, with interactions between cells guiding community development and phenotype. The ability to perturb specific intercellular interactions in space and time provides a powerful route to determining the critical interactions and design rules for microbial communities. Approaches using optogenetic tools to modulate these interactions offer promise, as light can be exquisitely controlled in space and time. We report new plasmids for rapid integration of an optogenetic system into Saccharomyces cerevisiae to engineer light-control of expression of a gene of interest. In a proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate the ability to control a model cooperative interaction, namely the expression of the enzyme invertase (SUC2) which allows S. cerevisiae to hydrolyze sucrose and utilize it as a carbon source. We demonstrate that the strength of this cooperative interaction can be tuned in space and time by modulating light intensity and through spatial control of illumination. Spatial control of light allows cooperators and cheaters to be spatially segregated, and we show that the interplay between cooperative and inhibitory interactions in space can lead to pattern formation. Our strategy can be applied to achieve spatiotemporal control of expression of a gene of interest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to perturb both intercellular and interspecies interactions. Importance Recent advances in microbial ecology have highlighted the importance of intercellular interactions in controlling the development, composition and resilience of microbial communities. In order to better understand the role of these interactions in governing community development it is critical to be able to alter them in a controlled manner. Optogenetically-controlled interactions offer advantages over static perturbations or chemically-controlled interactions as light can be manipulated in space and time and doesn’t require the addition of nutrients or antibiotics. Here we report a system for rapidly achieving light-control of a gene of interest in the important model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and demonstrate that by controlling expression of the enzyme invertase we can control cooperative interactions. This approach will be useful for understanding intercellular and interspecies interactions in natural and synthetic microbial consortia containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and serves as a proof-of-principle for implementing this approach in other consortia.
Comparison of bacteriophages for use in iodine inactivation: batch and continuous flow studies

Inactivation rates in batch studies for four commonly used surrogate bacteriophages were measured in stable aqueous iodine solutions for the purpose of determining which was the most suited to evaluate iodine disinfection efficacy in batch and continuous flow conditions. Two types of group Leviviridae bacteriophages were used, Type I (MS2) and Type II (GA), along with group Microviridae, Phi-X174, and group Tectiviridae, PRD1. Inactivation was compared at iodine doses of 1.0-1.5 mg l2/l. MS2 was the most susceptible to iodine inactivation of the four phages tested. Inactivation of naked, icosahedral bacteriophages, MS2 and Phi-X174 demonstrated removals to below detection limits (>99.99%) in less than 10 min. Lipid-containing PRD1 and F+ssRNA GA bacteriophages demonstrated the greatest iodine resistance in batch experiments with an average of 1.82 logs of inactivation (98.5%) after 60 min and 1.05 logs of inactivation (91.1%) after 30 min respectively. Similarly, in continuous flow studies through pentaiodide quaternary ammonium strong base resin, MS2, GA and Phi-X174 were more strongly inactivated than PRD1. The lipid component of PRD1 is thought to enhance resistance to iodine over non-lipid-containing bacteriophages by protecting easily oxidized groups on the protein capsid, but further research is needed before proving this hypothesis. The results from this research may provide a surrogate standard for more rigorous and developed research into the mode of iodine disinfection and its inactivation kinetics.
GEOGRAFÍAS DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN LA POLÍTICA MUNDIAL

Resumen es: El problema de los «fundamentos» es decisivo para cualquier area de estudio, tal vez particularmente para un area con un posible repertorio de fuentes e...
Effect of carbachol and cyclic GMP on susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation.

Reductions in cardiac vagal tone have been shown to correlate with increased susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (VF). If these reductions in vagal tone contribute to VF, one would predict that interventions that increase vagal tone should protect against these lethal arrhythmias. Therefore, VF was induced in 17 mongrel dogs with healed myocardial infarctions by a 2-min coronary occlusion during exercise. On a subsequent day, the cholinergic agonist carbachol (20 micrograms/kg, i.v.) was given before the exercise plus ischemia test (n = 14). Carbachol elicited significant reductions in heart rate (control 204.5 +/- 27.7 vs. carbachol 147.0 +/- 49.6 beats/min) and prevented VF in 11 of 14 animals. When the decline in heart rate was prevented by ventricular pacing, carbachol prevented VF in five of six animals. Cyclic GMP may act as an intracellular messenger of cholinergic activation; therefore, 8-bromo cyclic GMP (n = 9) was infused (100-150 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, i.v.) throughout the exercise begi...
The rise of the model-driven enterprise

Enterprises have been using formal modeling techniques for a considerable time. This use, however, has been limited to relatively narrow application domains. In this paper we provide data to support our argument that we are at a tipping point, the beginning of a much wider use of formal modeling techniques for managing large organizations
Abstract P4-05-07: Functional genomics of TP53 mutations and its impact in breast cancer progression

Somatic TP53 mutations are prevalent in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) tumors. Patients with BLBC tumors have fewer treatment options and respond poorly to current therapies. The majority of TP53 point mutations occurs in the DNA binding domain and can be categorized as either DNA contact or structural mutations. TP53 mutation results in a dominant negative phenotype with neomorphic activity. We predicted that different p53 mutations may lead to different phenotypic characteristics. To investigate this, we generated MCF10A stable transduced cell lines over-expressing the ten most frequent TP53 point mutations associated with breast cancer located in the DNA binding domain of TP53. Ectopic expression of TP53 in these stable cells has been confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunoblot. To assess the impact of mutation on carcinogenesis, we developed a series of high-throughput quantitative assays that measure several hallmarks of cancer, including proliferation, escape from apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion, anoikis and morphology in 3D. We observed that one DNA contact mutation with the substitution of a positively charged amino acid with hydrophobic side chains such as R248W, and two structural mutants Y234C and H179R are resistant to apoptosis in presence of doxorubicin, are the most invasive displaying a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by the presence of disrupted B-catenin and E-cadherin staining, with reported worst clinical outcome, suggesting that these are the most aggressive phenotypes. Interestingly, the DNA contact mutants (R248Q, R273H, R248W, and R273C) had a growth advantage in absence of growth factors while structural mutants (R175H, H179R, Y220C, Y234C and Y163C) were more resistant to apoptosis after the cells were challenged with doxorubicin. G245S is comparable to the MCF10Ap53wt and is less proliferative, sensitive to apoptosis, and neither migratory nor invasive. In comparison, R248W which is one of the most aggressive mutants, together with R273C, and H179R resist anoikis; but Y234C, requires matrix for attachment in order to be invasive. In conjunction, these results confirmed our hypothesis that different TP53 point mutants have distinct phenotypes and functional effects on hallmarks of cancer due to distinct underlying cellular programs. Citation Format: Anasuya Pal, Laura Gonzalez-Malerva, Seron Eaton, Mayra Guzman, Donald Chow, Hongwei Yin, Jin Park, Karen Anderson, Joshua LaBaer. Functional genomics of TP53 mutations and its impact in breast cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-07.
Derivation and Visualization of the Binomial Theorem

The binomial theorem presents us with the opportunity to weave many different mathematical strands into one lesson. It has a fascinating history — the study of which leads to a better understanding of how mathematics evolved. In this paper, we have involved computer graphics, geometry, algebra and combinatorics in the derivation of the binomial theorem. The study of functions with finite domains and ranges helps students understand some of the more subtle properties of functions which have the set of real numbers for their domain and range. These are the functions which they study to the exclusion of all others in high school and in their first two years in college. We believe that the lesson presented in this paper encourages students to express mathematical ideas in the vernacular, one of the major standards recommended by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM).
Robust imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions on embedded surfaces

SUMMARY We develop both stable and stabilized methods for imposing Dirichlet constraints on embedded, three- dimensional surfaces in finite elements.The stable method makes use of the vital vertex algorithm of Bechet et al. (Bechet et al., 2009. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 78 (8), 931-954), albeit with a modified set of discontinuous basis functions for the Lagrange multiplier field on the embedded surface. The stabilized method extends the work of Dolbow and Harari (Dolbow and Harari, 2009. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 78 (2), 229-252) to three-dimensional surfaces. Algorithmic and implementational details of both methods are provided. Several three-dimensional benchmark problems are studied to compare and contrast the accuracy of the two approaches. The results indicate that both methods yield optimal rates of convergence in various quantities of interest, with the primary differences being in the surface flux. The utility of the domain integral for extracting accurate surface fluxes is demonstrated for both techniques. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Copyright c 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Research Impact: Federal Peer Review Practices.

This article describes the use of peer review for federal research impact evaluation. For selected agencies, it covers peer review practices for proposed and existing programs. It shows that nearer...
Clinical experience with 21-gauge manual microphacoemulsification using Sovereign WhiteStar Technology in eyes with dense cataract.

Abstract Purpose: To present a series of patients who had 21-gauge microphacoemulsification using Sovereign WhiteStar technology. Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients with cataracts judged to be 3+ or 4+ on a 4-point scale were prospectively monitored for complications, energy used during phacoemulsification, and results 1 day and 3 months postoperatively. Results: No complications occurred during nucleus removal. On a 4-point scale, the mean level of inflammation at 1 day was 0.9 ± 0.5 (SD), with 13 patients having no corneal edema. Seven patients had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better on the first postoperative day. At 3 months, all corneas were clear, there was no sign of anterior chamber inflammation, and all patients had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better (best-case analysis). Conclusion: Results show that 21-gauge microphacoemulsification with Sovereign WhiteStar technology is safe and effective for removal of hard cataracts.
An ultraviolet gas-loaded free-electron laser

By loading the wiggler cavity of a free-electron laser (FEL) with hydrogen gas, it is possible to tune the FEL to below 130 nm, just above the electronic resonance of molecular hydrogen. The change in wavelength results from the refractive index of the gas, which alters the phase velocity of the wave and so modifies the synchronism condition. Using the parameters of the wiggler on the beamline of the Stanford Superconducting Accelerator, this FEL can be tuned from 500 to 130 nm with a pressure ranging from 0 to 55 torr. The calculated electronic gain varies between 5.6 and 11% over this wavelength interval, comparable to the gain in vacuum. >
Sylow 2-subgroups of galois groups arising as minimal counterexamples to artin's conjecture

Let E/F be a Galois extension of number fields with Galois group G. The purpose of this paper is to place limitations on the structure of a Sylow 2-subgroup of G in the case when the extension E/F is a minimal counterexample to Artin’s Conjecture on the holomorphy of L-series. More specifically, assume for some s0 ∈ C − {1} and some irreducible character χ of G that the Artin L-series L(s, χ,E/F ) has a pole at s0. Assume further that this is a minimal configuration in the sense that: for no intermediate Galois extension E1/F1 of smaller degree, where F ⊆ F1 ⊆ E1 ⊆ E, and no irreducible character ψ of Gal(E1/F1) does L(s, ψ,E1/F1) have a pole at s0. Then we show that a Sylow 2-subgroup of G has a faithful complex representation of degree r, where r is the order of zero of the zeta function of E at s0. In particular, this implies that the 2-rank of G is at most r.