cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Tool for Predicting Major Complications After Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) has an emerging role in the treatment of peritoneal malignancies. The CRS-HIPEC approach has known treatment-related toxicities. This study sought to determine the predictors of major postoperative complications after CRS-HIPEC in a high-volume center. From a single-institution database, this study investigated complications experienced by patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC. Multiple preoperative and operative factors were analyzed for their ability to predict 60-day Clavien grade 3 and greater (major) complications by logistic regression. A predictive model was created from preoperative factors using multivariate logistic regression. The model was tested by Akaike’s information criterion, the Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit Test, the receiver operating characteristic, and the Youden Index. The study evaluated 247 patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC. The primary tumor site was the appendix in 166 cases (67.2 %), the colorectal area in 51 cases (20.6 %), the peritoneum (mesothelioma) in 22 cases (8.9 %), the ovary in 5 cases (2 %), and the small bowel in 3 cases (1.2 %). The median peritoneal cancer index was 14 (range 0–29), and 235 patients (95.1 %) had a complete (CC-0/1) cytoreduction. Major complications occurred for 41 patients (16.6 %), classified as grade 3 in 33 cases (13.4 %), grade 4 in 5 cases (2 %), and grade 5 (deaths) in 3 cases (1.2 %). The factors predictive of major complications in the multivariate analysis were a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score higher than 0 [odds ratio (OR), 2.505; p = 0.035], presence of preoperative symptoms (OR 1.951; p = 0.064), and prior resection status [no resection or prior CRS-HIPEC (OR 2.087) vs. prior resection without CRS-HIPEC (OR 3.209); p = 0.046]. These variables were used to create a tool predictive of postoperative complications. Presence of symptoms, CCI, and prior resection status predict major complications and define a low-risk population after CRS-HIPEC.
Opioid growth factor modulates corneal epithelial outgrowth in tissue culture

In addition to neuromodulation, endogenous opioid peptides serve as growth factors. To determine involvement of opioids in the homeostatic renewal and repair of the corneal epithelium, epithelial outgrowths from 3-mm explants of rabbit cornea were investigated. Blockade of opioid-receptor interaction by the potent opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) for 7 days significantly increased the extent of outgrowths and the number and labeling index (DNA synthesis) of epithelial cells, relative to control levels. Outgrowths exposed to the opioid growth factor (OGF) [Met5]enkephalin for 7 days were subnormal in extent and labeling index and displayed alterations in architectural pattern. The effects of OGF on epithelial outgrowth were blocked by concomitant exposure to the opioid antagonist naloxone; naloxone alone had no effect on growth at the concentration utilized. NTX and OGF were active in both serum-containing and serum-free cultures. Immunocytochemical investigations showed that both OGF and its opioid receptor zeta (zeta) were present in epithelial cells growing in control media. The results indicate that an endogenous opioid peptide and its receptor are present in mammalian corneal epithelium and serve to modulate cell proliferation, migration, and organization.
Spin Transport Properties

Electrical conductivity in solids is traditionally associated with collective electron metals, intermetallic compounds, and metal alloys. With outer shell s and p electrons unbound in the sense of a Sommerfeld gas, the analysis of electrical properties usually takes the form of a density of states calculation from a theory that assumes a periodic lattice potential and applies Fermi statistics. The exercise leads to the creation of broadened energy states (bands) and the definition of a Fermi level to serve as the zero energy reference. For transition metals with unfilled “inner” d-shells, complications arise from the hybridization of “free” electron s states with states of unpaired spins in the d shell that forms the collective electron band structure. The first successful attempt to model ferromagnetism in collective electron metals was developed by Stoner employing a phenomenological theory that explained the net magnetization by introducing an exchange field that separated the d-spin populations into up (α) and down (β) bands [1], analogous to the Hund’s rule sorting of spins in an individual ion, illustrated by Figs. 2.3 and 2.19. In subsequent years, great strides were made in formalizing these concepts with the help of quantum theory and other aspects of modern physics [2].
Ruling Out Multiplicity of Smooth Equilibria in Dynamic Games: A Hyperbolic Discounting Example

The literature that conducts numerical analysis of equilibrium in models with hyperbolic (quasi-geometric) discounting reports difficulties in achieving convergence. Surprisingly, numerical methods fail to converge even in a simple, deterministic optimal growth problem that has a well-behaved, smooth closed-form solution. We argue that the reason for nonconvergence is that the generalized Euler equation has a continuum of smooth solutions, each of which is characterized by a different integration constant. We propose two types of restrictions that can rule out the multiplicity: boundary conditions and shape restrictions on equilibrium policy functions. With these additional restrictions, the studied numerical methods deliver a unique smooth solution for both the deterministic and stochastic problems in a wide range of the model’s parameters.
Run-time classification of malicious processes using system call analysis

This study presents a malware classification system designed to classify malicious processes at run-time on production hosts. The system monitors process-level system call activity and uses information extracted from system call traces as inputs to the classifier. The system is advantageous because it does not require the use of specialized analysis environments. Instead, a ‘lightweight’ service application monitors process execution and classifies new malware samples based on their behavioral similarity to known malware. This study compares the effectiveness of multiple feature sets, ground truth labeling schemes, and machine learning algorithms for malware classification. The accuracy of the classification system is evaluated against processlevel system call traces of recently discovered malware samples collected from production environments. Experimental results indicate that accurate classification results can be achieved using relatively short system call traces and simple representations.
Photoisomerization and photooxygenation of 1,4-diaryl-1,3-dienes in a confined space.

Geometric isomerization of light-activated olefins plays a significant role in biological events as well as in modern materials science applications. In these systems, the isomerization occurs in highly confined spaces, and concepts derived from solution investigations are only partially applicable. This study makes contributions in understanding the excited-state behavior of olefins in confined spaces by investigating the excited-state behavior of 1,4-diphneyl-13-butadiene (DPB) and 1,4-ditolyl-1,3-butadiene (DTB) encapsulated in a well-defined organic capsule made up of the octa acid (OA) host. Both of these dienes that exist in three isomeric forms (trans,trans; trans,cis; and cis,cis) formed 1:2 guest–host complexes with OA in aqueous borate buffer. Competition experiments monitored by 1H NMR signals revealed that among the three isomers the cis,cis isomer of DPB and DTB formed the most stable complex with OA. Molecular modeling studies suggested that all six isomers of DPB and DTB preferred the cisoi...
Sensitivity Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Wind Tunnel Design

The present paper describes the design of the TreadPort Adaptive Wind Tunnel (TPAWT), which is a wind tunnel retrofit to the University of Utah Treadport Virtual Environment (VE). The TPAWT integrates haptic wind sensation with the preexisting VE, which includes a large tilting treadmill and a cave-like frontal visual display. Desired flow patterns at the center of the TPAWT (where the VE user stands) are generated by appropriately steering the inlet airstream from two sets of vents embedded in the side walls of the facility. Hypothetically, the addition of haptic wind sensation in the virtual environment will improve the sense of immersion in the virtual reality. The present study focuses on quantifying the sensitivity of the flow field inside the TPAWT to perturbations in boundary conditions at the vents. Results from three-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical simulations are compared to laboratory experiments in a 1:4 scale model of the TPAWT. The stability of the flow near the VE user is shown to be highly sensitive to the angle of the mean flow at the vent boundary.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
A retrospective cohort study on the association between drinking water surrounded farmland or orchard and gastrointestinal cancer

Objective To analyze whether drinking water surrounded farmland or orchard is one of the risk factors for the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer in a rural area. Methods 1158 villagers over 20 years old who drank the water surrounded farmland or orchard during 1995 and 2005 and without malignant tumor before 1995 were selected as exposure group,and the other 1008 individuals who drank other water sources were selected as control group. All cases were found by several surveys and the incidence rate was calculated. Results The standardized accumulative incidence in exposure group was 293. 62 /100000 and was significantly higher than that in control group whose standardized accumulative incidence was 69. 39 /100000( P 0. 01). Furthermore,the incidence of other malignant tumors between exposure group and control group was of no statistical difference( P 0. 05). Conclusion Drink water surrounded farmland or orchard maybe is one of the risk factors for high incidence of gastrointestinal cancer.
The development of the chick embryo diencephalon and mesencephalon during the initial phases of neuroblast differentiation.

The development of the nervous system presents many interesting problems as a developing system with numerous parameters of differentiation as well as from the point of view of the establishment of adult structure and function. With our growing understanding of developmental processes in general, and interactions at various stages of development in particular, it should be profitable to study more closely events of each period in a developing system, looking for information concerning their immediate control and their relation to events of other periods. In the nervous system, one phase which should be investigated much more thoroughly—especially from the point of view of the control of cellular differentiation—is that of the initial appearance of neuroblast cells and formation of the first nerve processes. Most studies of normal embryos which have included the period of initial differentiation have been primarily concerned with tracing the origins of definitive nuclei and fiber tracts, though possible mechanisms controlling various aspects of their development have of course been discussed.
Framework for using deciduous tree leaves as biomonitors for intraurban particulate air pollution in exposure assessment

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution, varying in concentration and composition, has been shown to cause or exacerbate adverse effects on both human and ecological health. The concept of biomonitoring using deciduous tree leaves as a proxy for intraurban PM air pollution in different areas has previously been explored using a variety of study designs (e.g., systematic coverage of an area, source-specific focus), deciduous tree species, sampling strategies (e.g., single day, multi-season), and analytical methods (e.g., chemical, magnetic) across multiple geographies and climates. Biomonitoring is a low-cost sampling method and may potentially fill an important gap in current air monitoring methods by providing low-cost, longer-term urban air pollution measures. As such, better understanding of the range of methods, and their corresponding strengths and limitations, is critical for employing the use of tree leaves as biomonitors for pollution to improve spatially resolved exposure assessments for epidemiological studies and urban planning strategies.
Use of Al‐Killed Ladle Furnace Slag in Si‐Killed Steel Process to Reduce Lime Consumption, Improve Slag Fluidity

Slag is a by-product formed in most metallurgical process. During the steelmaking process a large amount of slag is produced, which becomes a source of waste, which in many instances is land filled. Such areas filled with waste materials have become a significant source of pollution. Slag recycling is then becoming important in recent years. Recycling can be an efficient option to reduce such waste. Fluorspar (Calcium Fluoride) is generally used to help fluidize the slag; however, Fluorspar has a corrosive effect on the ladle refractory and is environmentally harmful. Alternatively, Calcium Aluminate synthetic slag is very effective in making the slag more fluid, but it is costly. The slag generated in Al-killed treatment at ladle can provide a material with advantages over Calcium aluminate synthetic slags and Fluorspar, by being low-cost, noncorrosive, and less environmentally harmful. Plant trials conducted at Hadeed indicate that Al-killed ladle slags coming from its Flat Product Ladle Furnace process could be used in place of Calcium Fluoride/ Bauxite/Calcium Aluminate fluxes for the production of Si- killed steel grades, thus reducing Lime consumption, reducing waste and improving desulphurization levels.
Web Services Composition for Process Management in E-Business

Business process management (BPM) includes the capability to discover, design, deploy, execute, interact with, operate, optimize, and analyze business processes. It is critical for businesses in the current intensive and competitive market. Traditional BPM has problems in interoperability, agility, and flexibility. This research investigates the role of Web services in process management. Web services are loosely coupled, reusable software components that semantically encapsulate discrete functionality. They provide a distributed computing technology for publishing, discovering, and consuming business services on the Internet or intranet using standard XML protocols and formats. Web services provide a way to empower business users to specify complex business functionality in a clear, building-block fashion that can be quickly modified. The paper presents the importance and benefits of using Web services for process management in e-Business. It also provides insights into various technical issues through t...
Study of the Effect of Boron on The Decomposition of Austenite

Boron increases the hardenability of hypoeutectoid steels by decreasing the nucleation rate of ferrite and bainite. It is postulated that concentrations of lattice imperfections, such as exist at the grain boundaries, furnish the necessary energy for nucleus formation. Boron, because of its atomic diameter, will concentrate at lattice imperfections where sites of suitable size are present. Boron will decrease the energy of these local areas by occupying these sites. This mechanism accounts for the large increase in hardenability observed with small amounts of boron. The loss of the boron hardenability effect and the boron precipitate formation are explained on the basis of increased concentration of boron at the grain boundaries either with increasing boron content of the material or with increasing temperature.
A multithreaded solver for the 2D Poisson equation

A multithreaded solution for the 2D Poisson equation is presented. The proposed algorithm distributes the tasks between threads in Floating-Point Unit (FPU) intensive and non-FPU intensive. This technique also allowed us to make the communication between nodes asynchronous. Our approach of decoupling communication and computation allows for much greater scalability. This new multithreaded approach showed better performance in all multicore processors tested. In the case of the distributed systems tested, the proposed method had greater speed-up than the classical scheme. The technique Red/Black ordering was found to be effective only if data fit entirely in cache memory.
Abstract 863: Neuronal splicing regulatory factors are upregulated in models of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential developmental program through which epithelial cells lose their polarity and junctions with neighboring cells and acquire migratory and invasive properties. Cancer cells hijack at least a portion of the EMT program to increase their invasive properties, acquire resistance to senescence, and metastasize. Major changes in cell signaling, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation occur during EMT. To study post-transcriptional changes we characterized gene expression and splicing across EMT in 3 cell culture models of EMT: the luminal epithelial MCF7ras breast cancer cell line with EMT induced by SLUG+SOX9 and in basal human mammary epithelial (HMLEras) cells, with EMT induced by either SNAIL or ZEB1. RNA-seq was performed at 2-day intervals across these transitions. We observed broad overlaps between these systems, with 821 genes that changed significantly in all three. In all three time courses, genes associated with cell cycle and growth decreased in expression, while genes associated with signaling, cell motion, adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and differentiation increased. Intriguingly, genes associated with neurogenesis and angiogenesis were also induced in the MCF7 and HMLER-Snail time courses. Those include known axon guidance and angiogenic factors in the Robo and Slit families. We also found many alternative splicing events shared in all 3 systems, including 272 skipped exons. Sequence analysis of regions around these exons revealed binding motifs for canonical splicing regulators, including ESRP1 and ESRP2 and the RBFOX protein family, which are known to play a role in EMT. While most genes encoding RNA binding proteins decreased in expression in EMT, a small subset consistently increased in expression, including some that matched our motif analysis. Specifically, several splicing factors associated with nervous system development were upregulated, including factors of the QKI and NOVA families. We have validated the increased expression of QKI and NOVA1 proteins during EMT in vitro, and of QKI and NOVA2 in tumor sections. Further, we found that perturbation of QKI expression affects the motility of mesenchymal cancer cells in culture. Together, our results point to the existence of a program of alternative splicing shared between neuronal and mesenchymal cells. Citation Format: Yevgenia L. Khodor, Julia Froese, Frank Gertler, Robert A. Weinberg, Christopher B. Burge. Neuronal splicing regulatory factors are upregulated in models of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 863. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-863
T cell therapies for human polyomavirus diseases

Rapid restoration of virus-specific T immunity via adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated T cells has been proven as a powerful therapy for patients with advanced cancers and refractory viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). BK virus (BKV), John Cunningham virus (JCV), and Merkel cell carcinoma virus (MCV) are the members of the rapidly growing human polyomavirus (hPyV) family that commonly infects most healthy humans. These viruses have a clearly established potential for causing severe end-organ damage or malignant transformation, especially in individuals with weakened immunity who are unable to mount or regain endogenous T-cell responses as a result of underlying leukemia or iatrogenic immunosuppression in autoimmunity, bone marrow and solid organ transplant settings. Here we will discuss recent advances in using T-cell-based immunotherapies to save patients suffering from PyV-associated diseases including hemorrhagic cystitis, BKV virus-associated nephropathy, and JC-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We will also review progress in the understanding of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) as a virally driven tumor that is amenable to immune intervention and can be targeted with adoptively transferred T cells specific for viral oncoproteins.
Ach! The History of a Complaint

Tracing genealogies of theater and philosophy, Avital Ronell demonstrates that the two have been, from the beginning, intimately intertwined—philosophy and theater, both begin with tragedy. With tragedy comes complaint and, here, Ronell, through performance, explicitly links the “personal” with the philosophical by issuing a series of complaints that are at once humorous and deadly serious. The Faustian “Ach!” emerges as the inaugural complaint that is to become the backbone of Ronell’s philosophical work. Informed by Germanist and philosophical cultures, this rich and energetic rant rehabilitates complaining and groaning, suggesting that the Heideggerian Schreiben/Schrei—the cri/ecrit—may, in fact, be the foundation not only for writing, but for philosophizing. Although it sounds neither graceful nor comfortable, complaining is still better than complying.
Coloring edges and vertices of graphs without short or long cycles

Vertex and edge colorability are two graph problems that are NP-hard in general. We show that both problems remain difficult even for graphs without short cycles, i.e., without cycles of length at most g for any particular value of g. On the contrary, for graphs without long cycles, both problems are shown to be solvable in poynomial time.
Varieties of innovation and business survival: Does pursuit of incremental or far-ranging innovation make manufacturing establishments more resilient?

Abstract The transition from an industrial economy to an innovation economy poses two critical questions for the manufacturing sector in advanced countries. First, given the diffusion of modern manufacturing practices around the world, what level of innovation (incremental, more far-ranging, or radical) is most likely to support a resilient domestic manufacturing sector? Second, are assumed differences in the innovative capacity across space likely to hasten the decline of rural manufacturing? To answer these questions this research combines comprehensive measures of self-reported innovation able to reliably differentiate incremental and more far-ranging innovation with establishment-level data able to examine the geographical distribution of these different innovation strategies. The data used for the analysis includes a two-period panel of manufacturing establishments surveyed in 1996 and 2013 with annual employment data indicating survival in the intervening years. Our findings suggest that long-surviving manufacturing plants overwhelmingly gravitate away from non-innovation strategies toward incremental or more far-ranging innovation orientations. A survival advantage of far-ranging innovation over incremental innovation is observed for standalone firms. We do not identify a difference in the innovation orientations of rural and urban manufacturing establishments.
A Roadmap for Aspiring Surgeon-Scientists in Today's Healthcare Environment.

Objective Surgeon-scientists are an essential component of the field of academic surgery, contributing to the fundamental understanding of disease and the discovery of innovative therapies. Despite this recognized value, the current landscape of academic medicine presents significant barriers to establishing and maintaining a successful career as a surgeon performing basic/translational research. Our objective is to define these barriers to academic success for surgeons, and to provide a consensus strategy for optimizing the chances of success. Summary background data There is a significant decline in the proportion of academic surgeons who are pursuing basic science/translational research, which represents a potential threat to the very identify of the translational surgeon-scientist. Methods Based on published literature and expert opinion, the Basic Science Committee of the Society of University of Surgeons prepared this roadmap to encourage and guide the next generation of surgeon-scientists as they embark on their academic careers. Results This roadmap highlights key elements to consider in choosing an initial job and the importance of identifying a team of committed mentors. Expectations and guidelines for the first several years in practice are offered. Conclusions With guidance and mentorship, aspiring surgeonscientists can overcome the challenges inherent in choosing this career path and sustain the important legacy of those before them.
University of Pennsylvania Department of Statistics

It was one of the very first statistics departments in the United States. Established in 1931 as a spin-off from the Department of Economics, it was called the Department of Economic and Social Statistics, a name that remained until 1964. Along with the social science departments at the University of Pennsylvania, the Departments of Economics, Sociology, and Political Science, its home was in the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce. But unlike those departments, which eventually moved to the School of Arts and Sciences, it remained in Wharton and never moved.
Emergent Environmental Literacy in the Nonnarrative Compositions of Kindergarten Children

This article shows how links between science and literacy offer kindergarten children the opportunity to create and express their individual understandings about environmental change through emergent environmental literacy. This article reports on one of the science experiences in a kindergarten classroom in which the children explored the phenomenon of environmental change. The kindergarten science program can help children learn how scientists look at the world; young children can express these concepts through nonnarrative compositions. The article concludes with suggestions for teaching practice in the kindergarten science program.
Anticoagulants in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Anticoagulants in the treatment and prevention of acute myocardial infarction were initially advocated for three potential therapeutic benefits: lowering case fatality rate by limitation of infarct size, prevention of recurrent infarction, and reduction of thromboembolic complications.1 Despite early enthusiasm for their use, anticoagulants are now rarely employed in the in-hospital phase of management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.2 A recent survey of the Section on Clinical Cardiology of the American College of Chest Physicians3 revealed that fewer than 10 percent of respondents used warfarin routinely, and 65 percent rarely administered warfarin during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. Of those who did use warfarin, there was a clear association with the age of the physician. Only two percent of physicians under the age of 40 used warfarin routinely, whereas 25 percent of physicians over 60 favored its administration. The reasons for the striking repudiation of anticoagulant therapy relate primarily to mistrust of earlier insistence on its benefits, and apprehension over its risks. Nevertheless, recent consensus statements and editorial opinions reemphasize that there is a clear-cut role for anticoagulants in the management of acute myocardial infarction: reduction of the incidence of systemic embolization in those selectively at risk.
CUDA-Based Genetic Algorithm on Traveling Salesman Problem

Genetic algorithm is a widely used tool for generating searching solutions in NP-hard problems. The genetic algorithmon a particular problem should be specifically designed for parallelization and its performance gain might vary according to the parallelism hidden within the algorithm. NVIDIA GPUs that support the CUDA programming paradigm provide many processing units and a shared address space to ease the parallelization process. A heuristic genetic algorithm on the traveling salesman problem is specially designed to run on CPU. Then a corresponding CUDA program is developed for performance comparison. The experimental results indicate that a sequential genetic algorithm with intensive interactions can be accelerated by being translated into CUDA code for GPU execution.
An Expectation Maximization Framework for Yule-Simon Preferential Attachment Models

In this paper we develop an Expectation Maximization(EM) algorithm to estimate the parameter of a Yule-Simon distribution. The Yule-Simon distribution exhibits the "rich get richer" effect whereby an 80-20 type of rule tends to dominate. These distributions are ubiquitous in industrial settings. The EM algorithm presented provides both frequentist and Bayesian estimates of the $\lambda$ parameter. By placing the estimation method within the EM framework we are able to derive Standard errors of the resulting estimate. Additionally, we prove convergence of the Yule-Simon EM algorithm and study the rate of convergence. An explicit, closed form solution for the rate of convergence of the algorithm is given. Applications including graph node degree distribution estimation are listed.
Downlink Scheduling and Resource Allocation for 5G MIMO Multicarrier Systems

Emerging 5G wireless communication technology is envisioned to significantly enhance the performance. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for effective cross-layer downlink scheduling and resource allocation (SRA) considering the channel and queue state, while supporting fairness. We also integrate our cross-layer SRA scheme with filter-bank multicarrier/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) to leverage the higher spectral efficiency. Our performance evaluation results show that our SRA method outperforms a novel SRA algorithm [1] by up to approximately 60%, 2.6%, and 1.6% in terms of goodput, goodput fairness, and delay fairness, respectively.
Recent advances in non-surgical management of cancer in the elderly.

This article summarizes the seminal publications from mid-2016 through 2017 in the area of medical care for older adults with cancer. Areas addressed include chemotherapy tolerance and efficacy in the aged, geriatric fitness assessments, and advancements in palliative and supportive care. The practice-changing finding from this past year’s publications is that antipsychotics should not be used in the management of terminal delirium in older adults receiving palliative care. The other trials demonstrated an improved understanding of the utility of geriatric assessments in patients with cancer, developed the body of information about which chemotherapy agents are safe and effective in older adults (and which are not), and expanded our understanding of good palliative and supportive care.
The limits of language as the limits of psychological explanation

Extending early work on the limits of hypothesis testing, I propose that psychological explanations for behavior draw their intelligibility from tautology. A reliance on tautology is born of the im...
Weitere Bemerkung zu ∫eb(x+a cosx)dx

For the function\(E(a,b;X) = \int\limits_{ - \infty }^X {e^{b(x + a \cos x)} dx (\Re b > 0)} \) a series representation in term of products of Bessel and trigonometric functions is given, valid for realX and reala∈(−1, 1).
Distributing Local Resources for Public Health Preparedness Grants: A Data-Driven Approach.

Objectives To simulate allocations of Public Health Emergency Preparedness funds to counties using alternative metrics of need, minimum allocation amounts, and the proportion earmarked for discretionary considerations. Design We developed a county-level community resilience index of 57 New York State counties using publicly available indicators, which we incorporated into an interactive spreadsheet of 8 hypothetical allocation formulas with different combinations of population size, the index and its 5 domains, and population density. Simulations were compared with the 2013-2014 fiscal year grant allocation. Results New York allocated $6.27 million to counties outside New York City, with a median allocation of $78 038, ranging from $50 825 to $556 789. These allocations would vary under different strategies, with the largest changes among sparsely populated counties that currently receive a minimum allocation of $50 825. Allocations were sensitive to changes in minimum allocation, amount earmarked for discretionary allocation, and need indicator. Conclusions Population-based approaches are commonly used but ignore important dimensions of need. It is feasible to include robust local community resilience measures in formulas, and interactive spreadsheet models can help stakeholders evaluate the consequences of alternative funding strategies.
An Algorithm for Classification of Opening Snaps and Third Heart Sounds Based on Wavelet Decomposition

Mitral stenosis is generally caused by a rheumatic heart disease, and leads to enlargement of the left atrium and weakened atrium walls. It is often manifested through the heart sound known as opening snap (OS). However, the OS sounds very similar to the third heart sound (S3). In this paper, we propose an algorithm to differentiate between these two sounds. The algorithm is based on a wavelet-based feature, and is tested on preliminary data from thirty recordings containing either OS or S3. The results of the analysis showed that that the proposed method attains 92.9% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity. The analysis also showed that the algorithm is sensitive to the choice of the wavelet function and the decomposition level. Nevertheless, these results encourage further investigations of the proposed approach and its capability to differentiate these clinically relevant cases.
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra for ladder cuprates

Abstract The ladder compound Sr14Cu24O41 is of interest both as a quasi-one-dimensional analog of the superconducting cuprates and as a superconductor in its own right when Sr is substituted by Ca. In order to model resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra for this compound, we investigate the simpler SrCu2O3 system in which the crystal structure contains very similar ladder planes. We approximate the LDA dispersion of SrCu2O3 by a Cu only two-band tight-binding model. Strong correlation effects are incorporated by assuming an anti-ferromagnetic ground state. The available angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) and RIXS data on the ladder compound are found to be in reasonable accord with our theoretical predictions.
Loss of dmrt1 restores female fates in the absence of cyp19a1a but not rbpms2

Sex determination and differentiation is a complex process regulated by multiple factors, including factors from the germline or surrounding somatic tissue. In zebrafish, sex-determination begins with establishment of a bipotential gonad that undergoes sex-specific differentiation and maintenance to form the functional adult gonad. However, the relationships among these factors are not fully understood. Here we identify potential Rbpms2 targets and apply genetic epistasis experiments to decipher the genetic hierarchy of regulators of sex-specific differentiation. We provide evidence that the critical female factor, rbpms2 is epistatic to the male factor dmrt1 in terms of adult sex. Moreover, Rbpms2 function in promoting female fates extends beyond repression of Dmrt1, as Rbpms2 is essential for female differentiation even in the absence of Dmrt1. In contrast, female fates can be restored in mutants lacking cyp19a1a in the absence of dmrt1. Taken together this work indicates that Cyp19a1a-mediated suppression of dmrt1 is key to establish a bipotential gonad and initiate female fate acquisition, possibly by promoting rbpms2. Then, after female fate specification, Cyp19a1a regulates subsequent oocyte maturation and sustains female fates independent of Dmrt1 repression.
Effect of DMI and QoI fungicides mixed with the SDHI fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot of peanut

Abstract In recent years, succinate dehydrogenase inhibiting (SDHI) fungicides have become important for control of early leaf spot (Passalora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Nothopassalora personata) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern U.S. In this study, pyraclostrobin, cyproconazole, and thiophanate-methyl were compared for efficacy alone and as mixing partners with SDHI fungicide penthiopyrad for control of late leaf spot. In all trials, mixtures of penthiopyrad + pyraclostrobin or penthiopyrad + cyproconazole improved leaf spot control compared to penthiopyrad alone based final percent defoliation, and in most cases based on area under the defoliation progress curve. Additional control provided by mixtures with thiophanate-methyl was minimal compared to penthiopyrad alone. In trials at Tifton and Plains, GA, efficacies of the mixtures of penthiopyrad + cyproconazole and penthiopyrad + pyraclostrobin were greater than expected based on performance of the respective individual fungicides, indicating synergistic effects of these fungicide combinations.
Digital Transformation vs COVID-19: the Case of Japan

Whilst the DX policy of the Japanese government started in 2001, then called the E-Japan Strategy and being replaced a few years later by the i -Japan Strategy, in the 20 years since then IT has not been a success in Japan’s administrative system. On the other hand, the private sector, concerned about Japan’s lagging in its adoption of information technology, has been gradually moving forward to DX measures, such as electronic contracts. Then, this year, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. Japan is (as of July 2020) about to experience a second wave of this disease. The need for DX has become imperative in all aspects of Japanese society, especially the government and business sectors. In the first half of 2020, the government set up DX policy rapidly; for example, civil court proceedings, the traditional carve seals custom, and the submission of administrative documents to government agencies have also been forced to move forward to DX due to COVID-19. It might be said that the crisis has been the catalyst for Japan’s shift to DX. However, it will be at least a few years before it can be known whether Japan’s DX will succeed, looking at the past examples within the Japanese bureaucratic system and politicians’ attitudes towards DX.
The DNA replication fork suppresses CMG unloading from chromatin before termination

When converging replication forks meet during replication termination, the CMG (Cdc45-MCM2-7-GINS) helicase is polyubiquitylated by CRL2Lrr1 and unloaded from chromatin by the p97 ATPase. Here, we investigate the signal that triggers CMG unloading in Xenopus egg extracts using single-molecule and ensemble approaches. We show that converging CMGs pass each other and keep translocating at the same speed as before convergence, whereafter they are rapidly and independently unloaded. When CMG unloading is blocked, diverging CMGs do not support DNA synthesis, indicating that after bypass CMGs encounter the nascent lagging strands of the converging fork and then translocate along double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). However, translocation on dsDNA is not required for CMG's removal from chromatin because in the absence of nascent strand synthesis, converging CMGs are still unloaded. Moreover, recombinant CMG added to nuclear extract undergoes ubiquitylation and disassembly in the absence of any DNA, and DNA digestion triggers CMG ubiquitylation at stalled replication forks. Our findings suggest that DNA suppresses CMG ubiquitylation during elongation and that this suppression is relieved when CMGs converge, leading to CMG unloading.
Fast multigrid solution of high-order accurate multiphase Stokes problems

A fast multigrid solver is presented for high-order accurate Stokes problems discretized by local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) methods. The multigrid algorithm consists of a simple V-cycle, using an elementwise block Gauss–Seidel smoother. The efficacy of this approach depends on the LDG pressure penalty stabilization parameter — provided the parameter is suitably chosen, numerical experiment shows that (i) for steady-state Stokes problems, the convergence rate of the multigrid solver can match that of classical geometric multigrid methods for Poisson problems and (ii) for unsteady Stokes problems, the convergence rate further accelerates as the effective Reynolds number is increased. An extensive range of two- and three-dimensional test problems demonstrates the solver performance as well as high-order accuracy — these include cases with periodic, Dirichlet, and stress boundary conditions; variable-viscosity and multiphase embedded interface problems containing density and viscosity discontinuities several orders in magnitude; and test cases with curved geometries using semiunstructured meshes.
The Role of the Medial Prefontal Cortex in Self-Agency in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a disorder of the self. In particular, patients show cardinal deficits in self-agency (i.e., the experience and awareness of being the agent of one’s own thoughts and actions) that directly contribute to positive psychotic symptoms of hallucinations and delusions and distort reality monitoring (defined as distinguishing self-generated information from externally-derived information). Predictive coding models suggest that the experience of self-agency results from a minimal prediction error between the predicted sensory consequence of a self-generated action and the actual outcome. In other words, the experience of self-agency is thought to be driven by making reliable predictions about the expected outcomes of one’s own actions. Most of the agency literature has focused on the motor system; here we present a novel viewpoint that examines agency from a different lens using distinct tasks of reality monitoring and speech monitoring. The self-prediction mechanism that leads to self-agency is necessary for reality monitoring in that self-predictions represent a critical precursor for the successful encoding and memory retrieval of one’s own thoughts and actions during reality monitoring to enable accurate self-agency judgments (i.e., accurate identification of self-generated information). This self-prediction mechanism is also critical for speech monitoring where we continually compare auditory feedback (i.e., what we hear ourselves say) with what we expect to hear. Prior research has shown that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may represent one potential neural substrate of this self-prediction mechanism. Unfortunately, patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show mPFC hypoactivity associated with self-agency impairments on reality and speech monitoring tasks, as well as aberrant mPFC functional connectivity during intrinsic measures of agency during resting states that predicted worsening psychotic symptoms. Causal neurostimulation and neurofeedback techniques can move the frontiers of schizophrenia research into a new era where we implement techniques to manipulate excitability in key neural regions, such as the mPFC, to modulate patients’ reliance on self-prediction mechanisms on distinct tasks of reality and speech monitoring. We hypothesize these findings will show that mPFC provides a unitary basis for self-agency, driven by reliance on self-prediction mechanisms, which will facilitate the development of new targeted treatments in patients with schizophrenia.
Dynamic shaping of transport-reaction processes with a combined sliding mode controller and Luenberger-type dynamic observer design

Abstract We focus on shaping the long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of transport–reaction processes which can be described by semi-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). The dynamic shaping problem is addressed via error dynamics regulation between the governing PDE and a target PDE which describes the desired spatiotemporal behavior. A model order reduction methodology is utilized to construct the required reduced order models (ROMs) for governing and target dynamics via Galerkin׳s method. We subtract the governing from the target ROMs to obtain reduced offset dynamics error. Then an output feedback sliding mode control structure is synthesized to stabilize the reduced error dynamics and correspondingly synchronize the system and the target spatiotemporal behaviors. A Luenberger-type dynamic observer is applied to estimate the states of the governing ROM required by the sliding mode controller. The proposed approach is applied to address the thermal spatiotemporal dynamic shaping problem in a tubular chemical reactor.
Institutional Repositories (IR) in Higher Education – A Panel Discussion, Summary

Theresa McManus, the moderator, introduced the panel and opened with her own concerns about IRs. She finds herself caught between faculty advocating for mandating e-print repositories, priorities in a context of budget reductions, and faculty who view repositories sometimes with trepidation and doubt in regard to them being mandated to put materials in them. ...
Carcinoembryonic antigen in human colonic aberrant crypt foci

Abstract Background/Aims: Aberrant crypt foci are putative preneoplastic lesions that, by definition, are identified microscopically in whole-mount preparations of colonic mucosa. Because the identification of hexosaminidase as a marker for rat aberrant crypt foci in histological sections facilitated their characterization, a similar marker for human foci in histological sections was sought. Methods: Human aberrant crypt foci were marked in whole-mount preparations, embedded in paraffin, and evaluated for their expression of carcinoembryonic antigen with two monoclonal antibodies. Results: Elevated expression of Carcinoembryonic antigen was detected in 39 of 42 (93%) aberrant crypt foci from 15 patients. The expression of Carcinoembryonic antigen assisted in the evaluation of longitudinal sections of foci, where dysplasia is more readily detected in these small lesions. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen was related to the sizes of the foci ( P = 0.0085, generalized Fisher's Exact Test) but not to the presence or degree of dysplasia. Conclusions: The overexpression of immunohistochemically demonstrable Carcinoembryonic antigen is, to date, the only described alteration in most of these putative precursors of human colon cancer that differs from the expression in contiguous, normal crypts at the histological level and thus facilitates the identification of aberrant crypts in histological sections for further characterization.