cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience sampling for building predictive user models: a comparative study

Experience sampling has been employed for decades to collect assessments of subjects' intentions, needs, and affective states. In recent years, investigators have employed automated experience sampling to collect data to build predictive user models. To date, most procedures have relied on random sampling or simple heuristics. We perform a comparative analysis of several automated strategies for guiding experience sampling, spanning a spectrum of sophistication, from a random sampling procedure to increasingly sophisticated active learning. The more sophisticated methods take a decision-theoretic approach, centering on the computation of the expected value of information of a probe, weighing the cost of the short-term disruptiveness of probes with their benefits in enhancing the long-term performance of predictive models. We test the different approaches in a field study, focused on the task of learning predictive models of the cost of interruption.
Antero-Posterior TKA Stability During Stair Descent

Introduction Increasing attention to the functional outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has demonstrated that many patients experience limitations when attempting to perform demanding activities that are normal for age-matched peers, primarily because of knee symptoms. Episodes of instability following TKA are most commonly reported during activities in which significant transverse or torsional forces are supported by the joint with relatively low joint compression forces, including stair-descent and walking on sloped or uneven surfaces. This study was performed to examine the influence of conformity between the femoral and tibial components on the Antero-Posterior (AP) stability of knee during stair descent. Methods Six cadaveric knees were loaded in a six degree-of-freedom joint simulator, with the application of external forces simulating the action of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and the external loads and moments occurring during stair descent, including the stages of terminal swing phase, weight-acceptance phase (prior to and after quadriceps contraction) and mid-stance. During these manoeuvres, the displacement and rotation of the femur and the tibia were measured with a multi-camera high resolution motion analysis system (Fig. 1). Each knee was tested in the intact and ACL deficient condition – and after implantation of total knee prosthesis with Cruciate-Retaining (CR), Cruciate-Sacrificing with an intact PCL (CS + PCL), Cruciate-Sacrificing with an absent PCL (CS-PCL) and Posterior-Stabilizing (PS) tibial inserts (Figs 2 and 3). Results Loading of the knee during stair descent caused the femur to displace anteriorly by 4.31 ± 1.47 mm prior to quadriceps contraction. After TKA, anterior displacement ranged from 1.11 ± 0.41 mm (PS) to 8.19 ± 3.17 mm (CS-PCL). Intermediate values were 1.46 + 0.42 mm (CS + PCL) and 3.03 ± 0.94 mm (CR). Quadriceps contraction was able to restore the femoral AP position (5.53 ± 1.08 mm posterior motion) in the intact knee, but larger quadriceps force were required for the other designs (8.22 ± 2.94 mm CS-PCL, 2.32 ± 0.83 mm CS + PCL, 2.02 ± 0.94 mm CR design, and 1.08 ± 0.38 mm with the PS. Conclusion Pain during high demand activities such as stair descent is a common complaint of patients after TKA, and this may be due to AP instability and extra-physiologic quadriceps demand. The only designs that restored anterior-posterior knee stability were a PS insert or a CS insert with an intact PCL. The CS design without a PCL demonstrated the worst AP stability, despite the fact that these inserts are designed to be used without a PCL.
Intracranial EEG Seizure-Onset Patterns

Investigators at Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Canada, studied intracranial electroencephalographic seizure-onset patterns associated with different epileptogenic lesions, and defined high-frequency oscillation correlates of each pattern.
Factors Associated With Noncompletion of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment: Experience From the PREVENT TB Trial in the United States and Canada

BACKGROUND Overall rates of noncompletion of treatment (NCT) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the PREVENT TB trial were 18% for 3 months of directly observed once-weekly rifapentine (maximum dose, 900 mg) plus isoniazid (maximum dose, 900 mg) (3HP-DOT) and 31% for 9 months of daily self-administered isoniazid (maximum dose, 300 mg; 9H-SAT). NCT for LTBI reduces its effectiveness. The study objective was to assess factors associated with NCT for LTBI among adult participants enrolled at US and Canadian sites of the PREVENT TB trial. METHODS This was a post hoc exploratory analysis of the randomized, open-label PREVENT TB trial. Factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression (with enrollment site as a random effect). RESULTS From 6232 participants analyzed, 1406 (22.6%) did not complete LTBI treatment (317 NCT attributed to an adverse event [NCT-AE] and 1089 NCT attributed to reasons other than an adverse event [NCT-O]). The proportion of NCT-AE was similar with both regimens (3HP-DOT = 6.4% vs 9H-SAT = 5.9%; P = .23); NCT-O was higher among participants enrolled in 9H-SAT (9H-SAT = 24.5% vs 3HP-DOT = 12.7%; P = .02). Among those in the NCT-AE group, being non-Hispanic and receiving 3HP-DOT, having cirrhosis and receiving 9H-SAT, alcohol consumption among men, and use of concomitant medication were associated with NCT-AE. Among those in the NCT-O group, receiving 9H-SAT, missing ≥1 early visit, men receiving 9H-SAT, men with a history of incarceration, alcohol abuse, use ever of intravenous drugs, younger age receiving 9H-SAT, and smoking were associated with NCT-O. CONCLUSIONS Factors associated with NCT, such as missing a clinic visit early during treatment, might help identify persons for whom tailored interventions could improve completion of LTBI treatment. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00023452.
A Volumetric Method for Estimating Populations of the Greenbug on Grain Sorghum

Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) were collected from grain sorghum plants and measured volumetrically in an Imhoff sedimentation cone containing alcohol. The mean number (± standard dedation) of green bugs per milliliter was 1151.4±178.5. Two methods were tested to remove green bugs from grain sorghum plants for volumetric measurements.
Fairness versus Efficiency in Public School Assignments

A critical element in the sustainability of any public policy is the fair treatment of similar individuals. This paper introduces a new dimension of merit to evaluate public school assignment mechanisms based on this notion of equity. I show that there exists no assignment mechanism that is both constrained-efficient and fair. The findings also reveal that all of the prominent assignment mechanisms discussed in the literature fail to satisfy this fairness criterion.
Ethanol-induced artifacts in the metabolism of 3H-vitamin D3.

SummaryThe fate of vitamin D3 in vitamin D-deficient rats was studied following the intravenous injection of 10 IU (0.25 μg) of [1, 2‐3H]‐vitamin D3 dissolved either in 0.05 ml of ethanol or 0.05 ml of blood plasma. Ethanol accelerates the disappearance of the radioactivity from the plasma compartment and decreases the characteristic rebound of plasma radioactivity occurring after 1–4 hr. The metabolic and toxic effects of ethanol are discussed, and the use of plasma as a vehicle for intravenous injections of vitamin D is advocated.
Comparing the Effects of E-Government and Social Media Use on Trust in Government: Evidence from Seoul, South Korea

AbstractThis study examines how citizens’ use of government social media accounts and e-government websites relate to perceptions of government trustworthiness. We hypothesize that greater use of e-government websites for information by citizens is negatively associated with perceptions of government trustworthiness, whereas greater use of government social media accounts is positively associated with perceptions of government trustworthiness. We investigate these hypotheses using data from a 2012 sample of 1,100 Seoul citizens. In general, the findings offer support for our hypotheses yet also indicate that some dimensions of government trustworthiness are more intransigent than others. This paper concludes by discussing implications for theory and practice.
Early Experience with the Controlled Girth and Length Expanding Cylinder of the American Medical Systems Ultrex Penile Prosthesis

AbstractA prospective study was done to evaluate length expansion characteristics of the AMS Ultrex††American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, Minnesota. penile prosthesis cylinder intraoperatively and in the early postoperative period. A total of 50 patients 30 to 74 years old (mean age 55.2 years) underwent implantation of this device. Intraoperative changes in the pubis to mid glans distance between deflation and inflation ranged from 1 to 4cm. (mean 1.9). Postoperative followup measurements were obtained in 46 patients at 1 to 15 months (mean 4). There was a 1cm. decrease in the amount of postoperative length expansion for 6 patients, while length expansion increased by 1cm. for 12 and for 28 the postoperative length expansion was the same as the intraoperative length expansion.
Unilateral proptosis resulting from giant-cell arteritis.

Background: Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic, inflammatory vasculopathy that affects small- to medium-sized arteries. Arterial wall inflammation results in reduction of blood flow and subsequent ischemia. Arteries of the head and neck are particularly susceptible, including the ophthalmic and posterior ciliary arteries. The eye care provider is in a position to assist with the ultimate diagnosis of GCA Case Report: A 79-year-old black man was referred to the eye clinic for evaluation of exophthalmos of the left eye. The patient reported increasing proptosis over the previous 6 months; a history of sudden, permanent vision loss of the affected eye (approximately 2 years earlier); and generalized malaise and chronic frontal headache. Examination did reveal an exophthalmic eye of approximately 8-mm difference by Hertel exophthalmometry. Fundus examination revealed optic nerve pallor O.S. CT scan revealed chronic inflammatory changes of orbital tissue, including the extraocular muscles No compressive lesions were present. Laboratory testing indicated an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A tentative diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis was made, which was confirmed with temporal artery biopsy. Conclusions: Patients with ocular complications secondary to GCA manifest several different ocular symptoms, including unilateral and bilateral intermittent blur, sudden complete vision loss, double vision, etc. This was an unusual case of GCA because the initially manifested ocular sign was unilateral proptosis. The patient probably had initial ocular complications of GCA 2 years previously, with sudden loss of vision in the left eye. The patient never sought medical attention at that time, and the unilateral exophthalmic eye resulted from chronic inflammatory orbital changes associated with GCA.
Optimizing cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs): Oxygen reduction on nanostructured lanthanum nickelate oxides

Abstract Kinetics of high temperature oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on La2NiO4 + δ (LNO) nanostructures are investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with the aim of determining (i) the critical steps that govern ORR in these catalysts, and (ii) ways to lower the overpotential losses associated with these steps. We have identified two main electrochemical processes that govern the polarization resistances during ORR: the electron transfer/oxygen vacancy healing ( O a d s + 2 e − + V O ⋅ ⋅ ⇔ O O ( L N O ) X ) , and the oxygen ion transfer through the electrocatalyst/electrolyte interface ( O O ( L N O ) X + V O ⋅ ⋅ ⇔ O O ( Y S Z ) X ) . We find that the nanostructure of LNO significantly effects the activation barriers associated with these processes with nanorod–structured LNO catalyst, highly terminated by [001] surface facets, exhibiting lower barriers compared to traditional, spherical-shaped catalysts. We also show that incorporation of the nanorod–structured LNO as cathode electrocatalysts in SOFCs leads to a significant improvement in the cell performance. These findings provide important insights on the electrochemical steps that govern ORR kinetics on LNO electrocatalyst, and ways to optimize these materials as cathode electrocatalysts for intermediate temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs).
On the credibility of insurance claim frequency: Generalized count models and parametric estimators

Abstract We analyze the concept of credibility in claim frequency in two generalized count models–Mittag-Leffler and Weibull count models–which can handle both underdispersion and overdispersion in count data and nest the commonly used Poisson model as a special case. We find evidence, using data from a Danish insurance company, that the simple Poisson model can set the credibility weight to one even when there are only three years of individual experience data resulting from large heterogeneity among policyholders, and in doing so, it can thus break down the credibility model. The generalized count models, on the other hand, allow the weight to adjust according to the number of years of experience available. We propose parametric estimators for the structural parameters in the credibility formula using the mean and variance of the assumed distributions and a maximum likelihood estimation over a collective data. As an example, we show that the proposed parameters from Mittag-Leffler provide weights that are consistent with the idea of credibility. A simulation study is carried out investigating the stability of the maximum likelihood estimates from the Weibull count model. Finally, we extend the analyses to multidimensional lines and explain how our approach can be used in selecting profitable customers in cross-selling; customers can now be selected by estimating a function of their unknown risk profiles, which is the mean of the assumed distribution on their number of claims.
Positive Factors Influencing the Advancement of Women to the Role of Head Athletic Trainer in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions II and III

Context: Research suggests that women do not pursue leadership positions in athletic training due to a variety of reasons, including family challenges, organizational constraints, and reluctance to...
Polyoxometalate (POM) grafted grooved nanofibrous membranes for improved self-decontamination

Combining unique fiber morphologies with self-decontamination technologies can enhance degradation of toxic compounds on fibrous substrates. Co-continuous electrospinning was used to fabricate nanofibrous cellulose acetate membranes with unique, grooved fiber morphology due to the selective dissolution of polyethylene oxide. The grooved cellulose acetate membranes were deacetylated to form grooved cellulose membranes. A self-decontaminating polyoxometalate (POM) (H5PV2Mo10O40) was synthesized and used to functionalize the grooved nanofibrous membranes as well as non-grooved nanofibrous membranes, pure cotton, 65/35 polyester/cotton fabrics and Tencel® peachskin fabric. The POM-treated substrates were exposed to methyl parathion, a simulant of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) VX, to evaluate the decontamination performance. It was found that the POM grafted, grooved nanofibrous cellulose membrane has significantly improved self-decontamination, owing to increased amount of POM grafted as a result of increased surface area. This work contributes to the use of novel fiber morphologies in breathable chemical protective apparel to achieve better CWA decontamination and comfort.
Theater of a Thousand Wonders: A History of Miraculous Images and Shrines in New Spain

The great many shrines of New Spain have become long-lived sites of shared devotion and contestation across social groups. They have provided a lasting sense of enchantment, of divine immanence in the present, and a hunger for epiphanies in daily life. This is a story of consolidation and growth during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, rather than one of rise and decline in the face of early stages of modernization. Based on research in a wide array of manuscript and printed primary sources, and informed by recent scholarship in art history, religious studies, anthropology, and history, this is the first comprehensive study of shrines and miraculous images in any part of early modern Latin America.
Genre-Ation: A Music Genre Identification Application

In this paper we present a novel and faster approach to identify songs by genre. Our application, Genre-Ation, converts the audio signals to spectrograms and waveforms and uses thresholding for feature extraction. In addition, we propose a user-friendly web interface for this application and we evaluate it through a usability testing. Experiments suggested that Genre-Ation outperforms the existing music applications in terms of creating accurate genre based playlist due to the fact that our application is attuned with songs without metadata.
Needle exchange programs for the prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Previous research on the effectiveness of needle exchange programs (NEP) in preventing hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people who inject drugs (PWID) has shown mixed findings. The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the association between NEP use and HCV prevention in PWIDs. Study inclusion criteria were (1) observational studies, (2) PWIDs, (3) NEP use, (4) HCV status ascertained by serological testing, (5) studies published in any language since January 1, 1989, and (6) data available for measures of association. Studies were located by searching four electronic databases and cross-referencing. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa (NOS) scale. A ratio measure of association was calculated for each result from cohort or case–control studies and pooled using a random effects model. Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) models were analyzed separately. Results were considered statistically significant if the 95% confidence interval (CI) did not cross 1. Heterogeneity was estimated using Q and I 2 with alpha values for Q ≤ 0.10 considered statistically significant. Of the 555 citations reviewed, 6 studies containing 2437 participants were included. Studies had an average NOS score of 7 out of 9 (77.8%) stars. Concerns over participant representativeness, unclear adjustments for confounders, and bias from participant nonresponse and loss to follow-up were noted. Results were mixed with the odds ratio model indicating no consistent association (OR, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.05–5.15), and the hazard ratio model indicating a harmful effect (HR, 2.05, 95% CI, 1.39–3.03). Substantial heterogeneity (p ≤ 0.10) and moderate to large inconsistency (I 2 ≥ 66%) were observed for both models. The impact of NEPs on HCV prevention in PWIDs remains unclear. There is a need for well-designed research studies employing standardized criteria and measurements to clarify this issue. PROSPERO CRD42016035315
OP0016 Osteoclast numbers in joints of rats with adjuvant arthritis are decreased by treatment with il-1ra and/or peg stnf-ri

Background Adjuvant arthritis (AdA) induced in Lewis rats by injection of mycobacteria in oil is characterised by marked inflammation and skeletal damage. Recent work by our group using the AdA model has shown that skeletal destruction is mediated by the osteoclast differentiation factor osteoprotegerin (OPG) ligand, 1 and that inhibition of bone loss is associated with anti-inflammatory efficacy. 2 Objectives The current study was performed to assess whether anti-inflammatory molecules act to spare bone by regulating intra-lesional numbers of osteoclasts. Methods AdA was induced in male Lewis rats (n = 6/group) on Day 0, and hind paw swelling developed on Day 9. Animals were treated for 7 days (Days 9–15) and then necropsied (Day 16). Therapy consisted of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) or pegylated soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (PEG sTNF-RI), administered alone or in all possible combinations, at the following doses: IL-1ra, 0.2, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg/hr (by s.c. infusion); PEG sTNF-RI, 0.25, 1.0 or 4.0 mg/kg/day (s.c bolus). Osteoclasts were detected by an indirect immunohistochemical method for cathepsin K. Inflammation, bone erosion and osteoclast numbers were scored blindly using tiered, semi-quantitative grading scales. Results Dose-dependent reductions in inflammation, bone erosion and osteoclast scores were observed for high doses of both anti-cytokine therapies, whether given alone or in combination. Conclusion These data indicate that anti-inflammatory doses of IL-1ra and PEG sTNF-RI protect the structural integrity of arthritic joints by regulating osteoclast numbers. References Kong, et al . Nature 1999;402:304 Feige, et al . Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000;57:1457
In vitro studies of insulin inactivation with reference to erythroblastosis fetalis.

It was demonstrated that hemolysed blood and/or crystalline hemoglobin inactivated insulin either by irreversible destruction due to the presence of SH compounds or by reversible binding to hemoglobin. The increased pancreatic insulin content and pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia observed in infants with erythroblastosis fetalis may represent a compensatory response to inactivation of circulating insulin.
Una propuesta de herramientas para la gestión de la transparencia en las entidades no lucrativas

The rendering of accounts in non–profit organizations (NPO) is understood not as merely complying with legal obligations or as an issue related to a possible financial– economic analysis of the entity’s situation, but rather as a guarantee of its legitimacy, that quality which the public assumes to be inherent to this sector. This study aims to approach the mechanisms involved in the rendering of accounts in NPOs using management tools generally employed in profit–seeking companies, but here adapted to this situation. From an external view point, centered on the need to provide information for all the partakers, the proposals of the Loyalty Foundation are analyzed as an independent institution to build the confidence of Spanish society in the non–profit sector, in annual accounting and in the renewed budget regulated by current legislation whose objectives are found in a so–called plan of action. Within the framework of the internal perspective of the organization itself, which assumes the responsibility for decision–making to guarantee the achievement of the social aims of the NPOs, the balanced scorecard is described as a strategic management tool appropriate for these organizations.
Humanoid Robotics: New Trend in Robot Research and Industry in Japan

The speaker and his co-workers at Waseda University have been doing researches on humanoid robots for more than a quarter of a century. By constructing humanoid robots that form and behave like human, we are attempting to develop a design method of a humanoid robot having human friendliness to communicate with humans naturally as well as to elucidate not only the physical but also the mental mechanism of a human from the engineering point of view.
Impact of Packed Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions in Patients Undergoing Dissection Repair

Abstract Background Transfusion of blood products commonly occur in patients undergoing repair of acute type A aortic dissection (AADA). Materials and methods The medical records of 102 AADA patients were retrospectively reviewed and stratified into cohorts by packed red blood cell (PRBC) and platelet units received: PRBC ≤2 units (n = 68) versus PRBC >2 units (n = 34); platelets ≤1 unit (n = 74) versus platelets >1 unit (n = 28). Continuous and categorical variables were assessed by analysis of variance testing and chi-square or Fisher's testing as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to derive P values for post-transfusion complications. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to compare the hospital length of stay (LOS) and survival rate at 1 mo and 1 y. Results Patients receiving >2 units of PRBC had a median LOS of 14 d versus 9 d for those receiving ≤2 units (P 2 units of PRBC was a risk factor for postoperative infection (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-19.0, P = 0.009). Survival at 1 mo was 91% versus 94% (P = 0.783) and 1 y survival was 82% versus 93% (P = 0.269) between the two groups. Patients receiving >1 unit of platelets had a median LOS of 15 d versus 10 d for those receiving ≤1 unit (P = 0.005). Transfusion of >1 unit of platelets was a risk factor for postoperative atrial fibrillation and acute kidney injury (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1-7.6, P = 0.031; OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2-9.4, P = 0.025, respectively). Survival at 1 mo was 93% versus 93% (P = 0.872) and 1 y survival was 81% versus 92% (P = 0.582) between the two groups. Conclusions Transfusion of PRBC and platelets above a threshold increases the incidence of postoperative complications and hospital LOS among patients undergoing repair of AADA.
A new noninvasive mechanical bending test accurately predicts ulna bending strength in cadaveric human arms

Abstract Background High error rates in the prediction of fragility fractures by bone mineral density have motivated searches for better clinical indicators of bone strength, and the high incidence of non-hip, non-spine fractures has raised interest in cortical bone. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology™. CBMT is a new non-invasive 3-point bending technique for measuring the mechanical properties of cortical bone in the ulnas of living humans. Methods 35 cadaveric human arms were obtained from small women and large men ranging widely in age (17 Results EICBMT measurements (13 Conclusion Noninvasive CBMT measurements of ulna EI explain 99% of individual differences in QMT measurements of ulna bending strength in cadaveric human arms.
Foaming of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) multilayered thin films with supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract A multilayer film consisting of 32 alternating layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) produced by forced assembly multiplying co-extrusion has been foamed using supercritical CO2 as a physical blowing agent. Foamability was first assessed by foaming under an induced temperature gradient. Foams were then generated under isothermal conditions at 60, 70, 80, and 90 ⁰C and 100, 200, and 300 bar using a special mold. PMMA layers were found to foam at 60, 70, 80, and 90 ⁰C while PS layers displayed porous morphology only in foams generated at 80 and 90 ⁰C. The films were observed to display delamination during foaming which became more severe in foams generated from higher temperatures with longer saturation times. Preferential foaming in the PMMA over the PS layers is discussed and is linked to the differences in the CO2 sorption and the depression of Tg in the respective polymers.
Mythology, essence, and form: Schelling’s Jewish reception in the nineteenth century

Habermas explained the attraction of German Idealism to twentieth century Jewish philosophers by appealing to the impact of kabbalah on the German Idealists. Schelling was his principal example. In...
Development of a Custom Monolithic Device for Data Acquisition from a Scintillating Calorimeter at the Superconducting Super Collider

A clock-driven continuous sequential write/random read data acquisition architecture for a scintillating calorimeter at the SSC is presented. Simplicity of design and operation as well as potentially dead time-less operation are the motivations of this effort. The architecture minimizes the number of fast control signals, thereby reducing pickup from digital control lines by sensitive analog circuits in the front-end device. This architecture also reduces the logic necessary on the front-end device improving relability and easing design and operation. Operation and design of the front-end device are discussed.
The effects of an 8-week resistance training intervention on muscular strength, power, and body composition in collegiate female dancers

Although weight training can enhance muscular strength, power, and body composition, outdated beliefs about muscular adaptations have limited its use in dancers. The purpose of this study was to in...
In screen-detected type 2 diabetes, intensive therapy did not differ from usual care for CV events at 10 years

Source Citation Griffin SJ, Rutten GEHM, Khunti K, et al. Long-term effects of intensive multifactorial therapy in individuals with screen-detected type 2 diabetes in primary care: 10-year follow-u...
Epidemiological and etiolog characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zhoushan, 2008-2011

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Zhoushan and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of HFMD reported from 2008 to 2011.Results A total of 1831 HFMD cases with 7 severe cases and no dead cases were reported during this period.The average annual incidence was 41.10/100 000.The highest average annual incidence rate was reported in Dinghai district(52.11/100 000) and lowest in Daishan district(26.26/100 000).The case number in males was obviously higher than that in females.Children aged 0-5 years were in high risk.the cases among them accounted for 96.18％ of the total.The incidence peak occurred between April and August,and two incidence peaks occurred in 2008 and 2009,and one incidence peaks occurred in 2010 and 2011.Etiological surveillance indicated that HFMD cases were malnly caused by EV71 and other intestinal virus infection.Seven severe cases were mainly caused by EV71.Conclusions The incidence of HTMD varies by age,sex,population and season in Zhoushan islands municipality.The epidemic isolates are EV71 and other intestinal virus.The prevalent strain of severe cases is EV71. Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease; Epidemiological characteristics; Etiology
Assessing potential safety benefits of advanced pedestrian technologies through a Pedestrian Technology Test Bed

This research, funded by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, is one of the early initiatives to investigate the potential of advanced technologies to impr...
Communication Development and Verification for Python-Based Machine Learning Models for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation

Hybrid simulation (HS) combines analytical modeling with experimental testing to provide a better understanding of both structural elements and entire systems while keeping cost-effective solutions. However, extending real-time HS (RTHS) to bigger problems becomes challenging when the analytical models get more complex. On the other hand, using machine learning (ML) techniques in solving engineering problems across the different disciplines keep evolving and likewise, is promising resource for structural engineering. The main goal of this study is to explore the validity of ML models for conducting RTHS and specifically introduce and validate the necessary communication schemes to achieve this goal. A preliminary study with a simplified linear regression ML model, that can be readily implemented in Simulink, is presented first to introduce the idea of using metamodels as analytical substructures. However, for ML, commonly used platforms for RTHS such as Simulink and Matlab have limited capacity when compared to Python for instance. Thus, the main focus of this study was to introduce Python-based advanced ML models for RTHS analytical substructures. Deep long short-term memory (LSTM) networks in Python were considered for the advanced metamodeling for RTHS tests. The performance of Python can be enhanced by running the models using high-performance computers, which was also considered in this study. Several RTHS tests were successfully conducted at the University of Nevada, Reno with Python-based ML algorithms that were run from both local PC and a cluster. The tests were validated through comparisons with the pure analytical solutions obtained from finite element models. The study also explored the idea of eliminating delay compensators when ML models are used for RTHS.
Electronic, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties of the kagome layer compound FeSn

Single crystals of the single kagome layer compound FeSn are investigated using x-ray and neutron scattering, magnetic susceptibility and magnetization, heat capacity, resistivity, Hall, Seebeck, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity measurements, and density functional theory (DFT). FeSn is a planar antiferromagnet below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=365\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and exhibits ferromagnetic magnetic order within each kagome layer. The in-plane magnetic susceptibility is sensitive to synthesis conditions. Resistivity, Hall and Seebeck results indicate multiple bands near the Fermi energy. The resistivity of FeSn is \ensuremath{\approx}3 times lower for current along the stacking direction than in the plane, suggesting that transport and the bulk electronic structure of FeSn is not quasi-two-dimensional (2D). FeSn is an excellent metal with \ensuremath{\rho}(300 K)/\ensuremath{\rho}(2 K) values \ensuremath{\approx}100 in both directions. While the ordered state is antiferromagnetic, high temperature susceptibility measurements indicate a ferromagnetic Curie-Weiss temperature of 173 K, reflecting the strong in-plane ferromagnetic interactions. DFT calculations show a 3D electronic structure with the Dirac nodal lines along the K-H directions in the magnetic Brillouin zone about 0.3 eV below the Fermi energy, with the Dirac dispersions at the $K$ points gapped by spin-orbit coupling except at the $H$ point. The magnetism, however, is highly 2D with ${J}_{\mathrm{in}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{plane}}/{J}_{\mathrm{out}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{of}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{plane}}\ensuremath{\approx}10$. The predicted spin-wave spectrum is presented.
Exploratory Controlled Study of the Migraine-Suppressing Effects of Psilocybin

While anecdotal evidence suggests that select 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor ligands, including psilocybin, may have long-lasting therapeutic effects after limited dosing in headache disorders, controlled investigations are lacking. In an exploratory double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, adults with migraine received oral placebo and psilocybin (0.143 mg/kg) in 2 test sessions spaced 2 weeks apart. Subjects maintained headache diaries starting 2 weeks before the first session until 2 weeks after the second session. Physiological and psychological drug effects were monitored during sessions and several follow-up contacts with subjects were carried out to assure safety of study procedures. Ten subjects were included in the final analysis. Over the 2-week period measured after single administration, the reduction in weekly migraine days from baseline was significantly greater after psilocybin (mean, − 1.65 (95% CI: − 2.53 to − 0.77) days/week) than after placebo (− 0.15 (− 1.13 to 0.83) days/week; p = 0.003, t(9) = 4.11). Changes in migraine frequency in the 2 weeks after psilocybin were not correlated with the intensity of acute psychotropic effects during drug administration. Psilocybin was well-tolerated; there were no unexpected or serious adverse events or withdrawals due to adverse events. This exploratory study suggests there is an enduring therapeutic effect in migraine headache after a single administration of psilocybin. The separation of acute psychotropic effects and lasting therapeutic effects is an important finding, urging further investigation into the mechanism underlying the clinical effects of select 5-HT2A receptor compounds in migraine, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT03341689
Pain Catastrophizing and Quality of Life in Adults With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Psychological comorbidity is common in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and is correlated with decreased overall and disease-specific quality of life (QoL). Prior research reported that anxiety and depression, as measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), are associated with worse CRS-specific QoL, as assessed via the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI). Furthermore, patients prone to anxiety/depression may display an exaggerated response to real or anticipated discomfort; the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) is a validated instrument designed to measure this phenomenon. This study is intended to explore the role of pain catastrophizing in relation to anxiety, depression, and disease-specific QoL in patients with facial pain attributed to CRS. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Diagnosis of presumed CRS was based upon current American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) guidelines; all participants reported facial pain as a component of their CRS symptomatology. RSDI, HADS, and PCS questionnaires were administered upon presentation prior to intervention, and objective measurements of sinonasal inflammation were obtained via nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT). RESULTS Seventy-five patients were enrolled in the study. Significant positive correlations were found between PCS and HADS, total RSDI, and RSDI emotional sub-scores (P < .05). The incidence of objective evidence of disease, as measured via nasal endoscopy and CT, was not significantly different in catastrophizing patients. CONCLUSIONS Pain catastrophizing correlates with anxiety/depression and worse disease-specific QoL in patients meeting symptomatic criteria for CRS. Otolaryngologists should be aware that catastrophic thinking can intensify a patient's perception of sinonasal symptoms, and clinicians may consider management of psychological comorbidity to optimize rhinologic outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:1939-1945, 2021.
A framework for analysing the microbiological commons

In an earlier article, “Ideas, artifacts and facilities: information as a common-pool resource”, we examined the role of collective action in building robust knowledge commons and in circumventing trends of enclosure and privatisation of the intellectual public domain. Our analysis suggested that collective action and new institutional design play as large a part in shaping the collection, distribution, and preservation of scholarly information as do legal restrictions and market forces. The microbiological commons extends well beyond the boundaries of e-prints and other full-text research documents that are the focus of the open access movement. It includes the contents of scientific databases, research archives, and multimedia publications which all need to be seamlessly integrated. In addition, the global, biological commons is also comprised of social networks and social capital. The success of freely sharing microbiological data will require a complex blend of technology, scientific content, metadata standards, open source software packages, negotiated and respected intellectual property rights agreements, sustainability and preservation design mechanisms, evolving rules and institutions, and, ultimately, a firm commitment on the part of providers and users to the common good.
Psychometric properties of the psychopathic personality inventory: Application to high-functioning business population

The Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) has been developed for use in assessing psychopathy in community samples. Recent research into so-called ‘successful psychopaths’ and ‘corporate psychopaths’ has highlighted the potential prevalence of psychopathy in the community at large, and more specifically psychopathy amongst business executives. In this paper we study high functioning business executives and focus on the measurement of psychopathy, specifically the viability of various factor structures of the PPI-R. We employed two large business associations’ databases and obtained a usable sample of 501 responses. The results support the second-order factor of Fearless Dominance (along with the first-order factors of Social Influence, Fearlessness, and Stress Immunity). In addition, the results indicate the second-order factor of Self-Centered Impulsivity with the first-order factors of Machiavellian Egocentricity, Blame Externalization, Rebellious Nonconformity, and Carefree Nonplanfulness. Our results also support previous studies which suggest that Coldheartedness as a latent trait did not seem to relate to Fearless Dominance or Self-Centered Impulsivity. In addition to discussing our results, we also explore limitations and future research in understanding how psychopathy manifests itself in the high-functioning business population.
Applying quantitative image markers to predict clinical measures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Brain computed tomography (CT) images have been routinely used by neuroradiologists in diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The purpose of this study is to develop a computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme to generate quantitative image markers computed from CT images to predict various clinical measures after aSAH. A CT image dataset involving 59 aSAH patients was retrospectively collected and used. For each patient, non-contrast CT acquired during admission into hospital is used for this study. From each CT image set, CAD scheme segments intracranial brain region, and labels each CT voxel into one of four regions namely, cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, grey matter, and leaked blood. For image slices above the level of the lateral ventricles, cerebrospinal fluid regions are also defined as sulci regions. Nest, CAD scheme computes 9 image features related to the volumes of the segmented sulci, blood, white and gray matter, as well as their ratios. We then built machine learning (ML) models by fusion of these features to predict 5 clinical measures including Delayed Cerebral Ischemia, Clinical Vasospasm, Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting, Modified Rankin Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment to assess prognosis of aSAH patients. Based on a leave-one-case-out cross-validation method, ML models yield performance of predicting the 5 selected clinical measures with the areas under ROC curves (AUC) ranging from 0.658 to 0.825. Study results demonstrate the promising feasibility of applying CAD-based image processing and machine learning method to generate valuably quantitative image markers and potential to assist clinicians optimally diagnosing and treating aSAH patients.
Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast

Recognizing species diversity is challenging in genera that display interspecific similarity and intraspecific variation; hybridization and the evolution of cryptic hybrid species amplifies these challenges. Recent molecular and morphological research focused on the systematics of Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) support hybrid speciation as an important driver of species diversity, particularly within the S. cernua species complex. Working under an integrated history-bound phylogenetic species concept, new molecular and morphometric data provide evidence for a new and rare cryptic hybrid species resulting from the ancient hybridization of S. cernua × S. odorata, here described as S. bightensis. Although S. bightensis is regionally sympatric with S. cernua it does not co-occur with that species, and it is allopatric with respect to S. odorata. Endemic to a narrow region extending from the Delmarva Peninsula to Long Island, New York, this new species occurs in the shadow of the Northeast megalopolis and appears to have undergone a major population decline over the last 200 years. By recognizing this distinct evolutionary lineage as a new species, this research is the first step towards developing conservation protocols for this rare species and highlights the importance of the North American Geologic Coastal Plain for biodiversity conservation and evolution.
Concerns of Women Choosing Community Birth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, midwives have reported increased demand for community birth services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand childbearing persons' decision-making during the pandemic and to illuminate their experiences giving birth in community settings. METHODS: The study was framed by the interpretive phenomenological approach. Eligible participants were recruited from midwives providing out-of-hospital birth services. Of the 26 women who agreed to an interview, 17 were able to be reached and interviewed. Interviews followed a semistructured guide. Early paradigm cases were coded by all researchers, and then the first author coded the remaining transcripts. The final thematic structure was developed by the research team through an iterative process and validated through member checking. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: prior desire for a community birth, perceived susceptibility, barriers to choice, and isolation. DISCUSSION: Many participants had a preexisting desire for community birth and used the pandemic to justify their choice. However, birth options were often limited by finances and geography. Attitude toward COVID-19 varied by knowledge and experience. Many participants experienced stress and isolation.
Viewing Sports as Legal Systems: A Review of The Jurisprudence of Sport

This is a review of the new book by Mitchell N. Berman and Richard D. Friedman, The Jurisprudence of Sport: Sports and Games as Legal Systems. The explicit premise of the book is that sports and competitive games are legal systems. Therefore, inquiries into their jurisprudential aspects prove highly beneficial, just as in every other area of law. The book is, in a sense, a study in comparative law. The authors do an excellent job creating an engaging experience for the reader with colorful hypotheticals, a wide array of real-life examples from sports, and modern issues such as COVID-19 and sports. This concise review provides a small sampling of the comparisons between sports rules and the law.
Multiple Replacement Mutagenesis of the PSBEFIJ Operon of Synechocystis PCC 6803

Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has become a powerful method for creating targeted nucleotide changes in studies of gene regulation and protein structure/function. Since the earliest oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis studies with φX174 (1–3) a number of improvements in the method have been made. We report here a method for rapidly making a number of codon replacements which has been successfully used in a structure/function study of the cytochrome b559 protein of the Photosystem II complex of the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. It makes use of single stranded plasmid DNA produced in a dur- ung- host to provide selection against the template strand, mixed oligonucleotides to produce multiple mutations at a site with one mutagenesis reaction, and transformation into a repair deficient host to eliminate methylation-directed repair of mismatches. The advantages of this method are its speed (the number of in vitro manipulations are minimized), its efficiency (approximately 50% of the transformants have mutations), and the number of mutants that may be obtained from a single mutagenesis reaction.