cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of fire on geomorphic factors and seedling site conditions within the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, MT.

Abstract This paper evaluates the geomorphic effects of fire on the alpine treeline ecotone and how those effects influence post-fire seedling establishment conditions. Forest fires are becoming more common in high elevations, and ecosystem responses in these areas are not well studied. Results indicated that burned areas experienced increased soil loss, complete loss of the duff layer, less compact soils, larger clast sizes, and increased rock spalling, and altered seedling site conditions. Seedlings showed distinct preferences for micro-sites with deeper, less compact soils, and a greater cover of rock. The effects of fire within the alpine treeline ecotone will affect treeline position and geomorphic processes within these higher elevations.
Reactor monitoring using antineutrino detectors

Nuclear reactors have served as the antineutrino source for many fundamental physics experiments. The techniques developed by these experiments make it possible to use these weakly interacting particles for a practical purpose. The large flux of antineutrinos that leaves a reactor carries information about two quantities of interest for safeguards: the reactor power and fissile inventory. Measurements made with antineutrino detectors could therefore offer an alternative means for verifying the power history and fissile inventory of a reactor as part of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and/or other reactor safeguards regimes. Several efforts to develop this monitoring technique are underway worldwide.
Synthesis of monodisperse fluorescent core-shell silica particles using a modified Stöber method for imaging individual particles in dense colloidal suspensions

Abstract Core-shell silica particles, with a diameter of 1.5 μm, containing a dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), are synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is added to synthesize fluorescent core particles with the diameter of approximately 1 μm. In the addition of SDS, the surface charge reduced by counterions (Na + ) of the surfactant leads to a higher degree of aggregation of the primary particles and the formation of larger secondary particles. The particle growth kinetics confirms the aggregation growth model for the synthesis of monodisperse silica particles, and also shows the dependence of final particle size on colloidal stability resulting from the addition of SDS. Light and X-ray scattering data reveal that the final particles have compactly packed structures with smooth surfaces. The seeded growth technique is then used to form a silica shell layer on the fluorescent core. The added amount of water and NH 4 OH has significant effects on shell formation. Finally, the final core-shell silica particles are modified by chemisorption of octadecanol at the surface to be dispersed in organic solvents. Octadecyl-coated silica particles are sterically stabilized in silica index-matching solvents such as chloroform and hexadecane to directly image separate particles using confocal microscopy. In chloroform, the organophilic silica particles disperse well, whereas in hexadecane they form a volume-filling gel structure at room temperature.
Critical Properties of Alkanoic Acids Using the Sealed Ampule Method

The critical temperatures and densities of the alkanoic acids containing up to ten carbon atoms have been measured using a sealed ampule method. Our critical temperature data show some disagreement with the data in the literature, due partly to differences in the experimental techniques used and partly to differences in the extrapolation techniques employed to determine the true critical properties of the substances. No published data on critical densities of the alkanoic acids were available for comparison. The performance of several group contribution methods has also been examined and shown to be poor for the critical properties of the homologous series of alkanoic acids.
Kinetic Studies of Polyhydroxybutyrate Granule Formation in Wautersia eutropha H16 by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Wautersia eutropha, formerly known as Ralstonia eutropha, a gram-negative bacterium, accumulates polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as insoluble granules inside the cell when nutrients other than carbon are limited. In this paper, we report findings from kinetic studies of granule formation and degradation in W. eutropha H16 obtained using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In nitrogen-limited growth medium, the phenotype of the cells at the early stages of granule formation was revealed for the first time. At the center of the cells, dark-stained “mediation elements” with small granules attached were observed. These mediation elements are proposed to serve as nucleation sites for granule initiation. TEM images also revealed that when W. eutropha cells were introduced into nitrogen-limited medium from nutrient-rich medium, the cell size increased two- to threefold, and the cells underwent additional volume changes during growth. Unbiased stereology was used to analyze the two-dimensional TEM images, from which the average volume of a W. eutropha H16 cell and the total surface area of granules per cell in nutrient-rich and PHB production media were obtained. These parameters were essential in the calculation of the concentration of proteins involved in PHB formation and utilization and their changes with time. The extent of protein coverage of the granule surface area is presented in the accompanying paper (J. Tian, A. He, A. Lawrence, P. Liu, N. Watson, A. J. Sinskey, and J. Stubbe, J. Bacteriol. 187:3825-3832, 2005).
Sleep and Obstructive Lung Diseases

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common obstructive lung diseases affecting millions of people in the United States. As sleep disorders are also common, it is not surprising that many people with obstructive lung disease also suffer from sleep disorders. However, people with COPD and those with asthma have worse sleep quality and more sleep-related problems when compared to people with other chronic health problems. In addition, a pathologic relationship may exist between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obstructive lung diseases. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications of sleep disturbances in asthma and COPD.
Validation of the Name Veratrum hybridum (Liliales, Melanthiaceae): The Correct Name for Crisped Bunch-Flower

Daniel B. Ward's recent assessment of species in Flora Caroliniana by Thomas Walter included the identification and neotypification of Melanthium hybridum Walter, a name that would now have apparent priority over the more commonly used synonyms for the crisped bunch-flower, M. latifolium Desr. in Lam. and Veratrum latifolium (Desr. in Lam.) Zomlefer (Melanthiaceae). The supported conservation of the name Veratrum L. over Melanthium L. at the Melbourne International Botanical Congress necessitates the transfer of M. hybridum to Veratrum. However, another name, V. hybridum J. H. Zimmerman, lacked reference to the basionym and was not validly published. Herein, a discussion of these nomenclatural issues includes the validation of the name V. hybridum (Walter) Zimmerman ex Zomlefer.
Improving the outcome of adoptive cell transfer by targeting tumor escape

Adoptive T-cell transfer is among the most promising immunotherapies against cancer. To continue increasing the potential of this therapy, our studies focus on the inhibition of tumor recurrence. Recently, we have demonstrated several ways in which combination therapies involving multiple T-cell populations and immunostimulatory chemotherapy can enhance long-term survival.
Regularized multivariate regression models with skew-t error distributions

We consider regularization of the parameters in multivariate linear regression models with the errors having a multivariate skew-t distribution. An iterative penalized likelihood procedure is proposed for constructing sparse estimators of both the regression coefficient and inverse scale matrices simultaneously. The sparsity is introduced through penalizing the negative log-likelihood by adding L1-penalties on the entries of the two matrices. Taking advantage of the hierarchical representation of skew-t distributions, and using the expectation conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm, we reduce the problem to penalized normal likelihood and develop a procedure to minimize the ensuing objective function. Using a simulation study the performance of the method is assessed, and the methodology is illustrated using a real data set with a 24-dimensional response vector. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Blockade of GABAA receptors in the interpositus nucleus modulates expression of conditioned excitation but not conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink response.

The cerebellum and related brainstem structures are essential for excitatory eyeblink conditioning. Recent evidence indicates that the cerebellar interpositus and lateral pontine nuclei may also play critical roles in conditioned inhibition (CI) of the eyeblink response. The current study examined the role of GABAergic inhibition of the interpositus nucleus in retention of CI. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with a cannula positioned just above or in the anterior interpositus nucleus before training. The rats were trained with two different tones and a light as conditioned stimuli, and a periorbital shock as the unconditioned stimulus. CI training consisted of four phases: 1) excitatory conditioning (8 kHz tone paired with shock); 2) feature-negative discrimination (2 kHz tone paired with shock or 2 kHz tone concurrent with light); 3) summation test (8 kHz tone or 8 kHz tone concurrent with light); and 4) retardation test (light paired with shock) After reaching a criterion level of performance on the feature-negative discrimination (40% discrimination), 0.5 μl picrotoxin (a GABAA receptor antagonist) was infused at one of four concentrations, each concentration infused during separte test sessions. Picrotoxin transiently impaired conditioned responses during trials with the excitatory stimulus (tone) in a dose-dependent manner, but did not significantly impact responding to the inhibitory compound stimulus (tone-light). The results suggest that expression of conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink conditioned response does not require GABAergic inhibition of neurons in the anterior interpositus nucleus.
Things to imagine with: designing for the child's creativity

How does the physicality of an object impact creativity? Our work investigates how objects that possess affordances varying in perceptual and manipulative specificity affect the imagination of the elementary school child. The use of three different kinds of objects was compared: cultural, physical and across three objects (frying pan, pickaxe, lantern) by children enacting parts of a story. We measure the child's 'broader imagination'. Results showed that the physical object type provides better support to extend the imagination of the 9-year old child. There were however gender differences that suggest differing affinity to specific objects. We discuss how our results inform the design of tangibles for enactment-based story authoring systems.
Inhibitory effect of ethanol on AMPK phosphorylation is mediated in part through elevated ceramide levels.

Ethanol treatment of cultured hepatoma cells and of mice inhibited the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study shows that the inhibitory effect of ethanol on AMPK phosphorylation is exerted through the inhibition of the phosphorylation of upstream kinases and the activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).Inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation by palmitate was attributed to ceramide-dependent PP2A activation. We hypothesized that the inhibitory effect of ethanol on AMPK phosphorylation was mediated partly through the generation of ceramide. The effect of ethanol and inhibitors of ceramide synthesis on AMPK phosphorylation, ceramide levels, and PP2A activity were assessed in rat hepatoma cells (H4IIEC3). The effect of ethanol on hepatic ceramide levels was also studied in C57BL/6J mice fed the Lieber-DeCarli diet. In H4IIEC3 cells, ceramide reduced AMPK phosphorylation when they were treated for between 4 and 12 h. The basal level of AMPK phosphorylation in hepatoma cells was increased with the treatment of ceramide synthase inhibitor, fumonisin B1. Ethanol treatment significantly increased cellular ceramide content and PP2A activity by ∼18–23%, when the cells were treated with ethanol for between 4 and 12 h. These changes in intracellular ceramide concentrations and PP2A activity correlated with the time course over which ethanol inhibited AMPK phosphorylation. The activation of PP2A and inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation caused by ethanol was attenuated by fumonisin B1 and imipramine, an acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) inhibitor. There was a significant increase in the levels of ceramide and acid SMase mRNA in the livers of ethanol-fed mice compared with controls. We concluded that the effect of ethanol on AMPK appears to be mediated in part through increased cellular levels of ceramide and activation of PP2A.
An Integrated Grid Portal for Managing Energy Resources

The discovery and management of energy resources, especially at locations in the Gulf of Mexico, requires an economic but technically enhanced infrastructure. Research teams from Louisiana State University, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and Southern University Baton Rouge are engaged in a collaborative effort to create a ubiquitous computing and monitoring system (UCoMS) for the discovery and management of energy resources. The UCoMS team has sucessfully addressed two difficult issues in this research: (1) the computational challenges faced by compute-intensive simulations for reservoir uncertainty analysis that requires thousands of simulations and deals with terabytes, and even petabytes, of data, (2) the development of a prototype wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure to collect and process realtime data from production locations. While the former requires the intensive computational power of the UCoMS grid resources, the latter requires efficient interfacing between WSN & grid. A unified workflow analysis has been performed to ensure smooth operation of both efforts and a unified portal has been created. This paper integrates the above two workflows and portals into a single platform. It illustrates the need for such integration for users with similar (but not same) goals and describes how to partition users among different groups with different access rights to ensure security within subgroups. Such a system can easily integrate future UCoMS sub-projects into a unified whole. Hence, our portal prototype serves as a good example of the benefit that may accrue from integrated workflows.
Evidence that signal transduction for osmoreception is mediated by stretch-activated ion channels in tilapia

Prolactin (PRL) plays a central role in the freshwater osmoregulation of teleost fish, including the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Consistent with this action, PRL release from the tilapia pit...
A survey of Pain and other symptoms that affect the recovery process after discharge from an ambulatory surgery unit

Abstract Study objective To determine the significance of pain and other symptoms on the recovery process after ambulatory surgery, by surveying pain, analgesic use, and related aspects of recovery in the first 48 hours after discharge from an ambulatory surgery unit. Design Prospective, observational, surveillance survey. Patients A total of 175 patients were studied, 25 in each of 6 surgical groups including knee arthroscopy, hernia repair, pelvic laparoscopy, transvaginal surgery, surgery for breast disease, and plastic surgery. Interventions Patients were treated in a manner considered normal or "usual" for the surgeon and the institution. Measurements Pain scores (0 to 10), analgesic use, symptom frequency, symptom distress scores, activity level (% of normal), and satisfaction scores were obtained by telephone interview 24 and 48 hours after discharge. Group means (±SE), proportions and correlations between predictor variables were determined in relevant groups. Main results The response rate to postoperative telephone calls was 89% at 24 hours, and 82% at 48 hours. At 24 hours, maximum pain was >3/10 in 60%, or >7/10 in 20% of patients. Pain prevented or disrupted sleep in 46% of patients. Activity level was reduced to 33% of normal at 24 hours; pain was reported as the primary or secondary reason for limiting activity by 54% of patients. At 24 hours, average pain scores correlated inversely with activity (r = −0.49, p= p= 0.0005). Conclusions Improvements in pain therapy after discharge appear warranted to provide more consistent pain relief, and hasten return to normal activity.
Preparation of manuscripts for publication: Improving your chances for success

Scientific publication is an important indicator of a researcher’s productivity. Scientists must publish the results of their work to inform their peers of their findings, support grant and funding applications, and enhance their potential for promotions. Therefore, the pressure to publish is high. Scientists usually look for prestigious journals, i.e., those with high impact factors and a fair review process, in which to publish their work. Meanwhile, journal editors are engaged in competition to attract and select the best papers and strive to keep their journals interesting, while staying within a limited page allotment. The editors of Clinical Chemistry are interested in attracting articles that have high potential interest and impact in novel technologies/applications, biochemical markers, proteomics, molecular diagnostics, and clinical and epidemiologic studies. Papers are selected on the basis of current and potential future importance to our field, novelty, relevance to the audience, and clarity of presentation. Although many researchers are quite capable of designing excellent scientific studies, we have found as editors that not all are capable of clearly articulating their findings in a well-formulated scientific paper. Clinical Chemistry currently accepts approximately 15% of submitted original reports. Although common reasons for rejecting papers include lack of novelty or a poorly designed study, it is important to emphasize that papers that present their findings most clearly have a definite advantage in the peer review and decision-making process. In our editorial experience, we find that about a third of submitted papers fail to fulfill at least one journal requirement as described in the Information for Authors (1) and the detailed checklist for manuscript preparation. Common mistakes include having too many references, incorrect reference formatting, incorrect units, and inclusion of supplemental files and figure legends in the main text of the paper. Even after peer review, roughly two-thirds of papers are …
Constructions of MDS-convolutional codes

Maximum-distance separable (MDS) convolutional codes are characterized through the property that the free distance attains the generalized singleton bound. The existence of MDS convolutional codes was established by two of the authors by using methods from algebraic geometry. This correspondence provides an elementary construction of MDS convolutional codes for each rate k/n and each degree /spl delta/. The construction is based on a well-known connection between quasi-cyclic codes and convolutional codes.
Efflorescence Resulting from Pyrite in Clay Raw Materials

In opening this investigation on the effect of pyrite on the efflorescence of structural clay products, the oxidation behavior of this sulfide was studied. The slow oxidation rate and the evolution of 2 moles of sulfur dioxide for every mole of pyrite present combined to make this impurity the major source of efflorescing salts. The retention of part of the sulfur dioxide by the clay material and the subsequent efflorescence tendency were found to depend on the composition, on the concentration of sulfurous gases, on the temperature of firing, on the time of firing, and on the duration of exposure to sulfur dioxide in the manufacturing process. The conditions necessary to reduce efflorescence from this source are described. The use of ammonium chloride to assist in the control of efflorescence was studied in detail.
Cytidine 5‘-Monophosphate (CMP)-Induced Structural Changes in a Multifunctional Sialyltransferase from Pasteurella multocida†,‡

Sialyltransferases catalyze reactions that transfer a sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to an acceptor (a structure terminated with galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, or sialic acid). They are key enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates that play pivotal roles in many critical physiological and pathological processes. The structures of a truncated multifunctional Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase (Delta24PmST1), in the absence and presence of CMP, have been determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.65 and 2.0 A resolutions, respectively. The Delta24PmST1 exists as a monomer in solution and in crystals. Different from the reported crystal structure of a bifunctional sialyltransferase CstII that has only one Rossmann domain, the overall structure of the Delta24PmST1 consists of two separate Rossmann nucleotide-binding domains. The Delta24PmST1 structure, thus, represents the first sialyltransferase structure that belongs to the glycosyltransferase-B (GT-B) structural group. Unlike all other known GT-B structures, however, there is no C-terminal extension that interacts with the N-terminal domain in the Delta24PmST1 structure. The CMP binding site is located in the deep cleft between the two Rossmann domains. Nevertheless, the CMP only forms interactions with residues in the C-terminal domain. The binding of CMP to the protein causes a large closure movement of the N-terminal Rossmann domain toward the C-terminal nucleotide-binding domain. Ser 143 of the N-terminal domain moves up to hydrogen-bond to Tyr 388 of the C-terminal domain. Both Ser 143 and Tyr 388 form hydrogen bonds to a water molecule, which in turn hydrogen-bonds to the terminal phosphate oxygen of CMP. These interactions may trigger the closure between the two domains. Additionally, a short helix near the active site seen in the apo structure becomes disordered upon binding to CMP. This helix may swing down upon binding to donor CMP-sialic acid to form the binding pocket for an acceptor.
Quantum Noise Limits On Spatial Soliton Propagation

It is well known that through amplification, quantum noise can grow to affect the propagation characteristics of temporal solitons.1 We discuss an analogous effect in spatial soliton propagation, where vacuum fluctuations are amplified by four-wave mixing and can grow to change the propagation characteristics of spatial solitons.
Life Table Analysis in Population Ecology

Given equivalent immigration and emigration, the rates of population births and deaths determine whether populations grow or decline. Immigration and emigration rates are, however, unlikely to be equal, and thus often influence the pattern of population growth. These notions are captured in Figure 7.1. Movements into and out of populations are difficult to assess in nature and are not dealt with directly, but the former would be analogous to births and the latter to deaths in this context.
Precipitating and complement-fixing antibodies to collagen with species and collagen subunit specificity.

SummaryRabbits immunized with acid-soluble calf skin collagen develop antibodies with both precipitating and complement-fixing activity specific for bovine collagen. The antigenic determinants reside in acidic portions of the collagen molecule which are removed by heat denaturation and may be implicated in the collagen cross-linking process.
The Optimal Immersion Time for the Hot Pack and the Change in the Surface Temperature of Human Skin during the Application of the Hot Pack

ホットパックは痛みを除去し筋緊張を和らげるために最も一般的に用いられる温熱療法である。しかしながら、臨床上では全く経験的に使用されており、それを再利用するのに適正な浸潰時間についての報告はない。本研究の目的はホットパックの適正なハイドロコレーター内浸潰時間を見いだすことにある。本研究のために、一日中浸されたホットパックを背部に30分間適用した。内ひとつのホットパックは再びハイドロコレーター内に浸され、その申心温度を測定した。さらに、他のホットパックはそれぞれ5、10、15そして20分の浸潰時間でハイドロコレーター内に浸され、その後、それぞれを背部に置き、直下の皮膚表面の温度を測定した。
Deliberate improvisation: Planning highway franchises in Santiago, Chile

In the 1990s Chile and its capital, Santiago, experienced a transformative wave of large infrastructural development thanks to a post-authoritarian commitment to growth with equity. Celebrated as progressive neoliberalism, growth with equity signaled Chile’s political commitment to market-led development but with targeted forms of state-led resource distribution and interventions in the public realm. This meant the adoption of public—private partnerships (franchises) as the preferred instrument for developing public works, namely highways. Despite political fallout over the projects, especially in cities, franchise planning has been successful — it has produced a country and capital city with a world-class infrastructure. The program’s success, however, is not entirely rooted in its market approach to public works delivery. Franchise planning has worked thanks to a tightly planned business model and a political will to improvise plans to address the social dimensions of large projects. Franchised highways...
The genomic basis of electrotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum: Electric field sensitive amino acids are dynamically encoded en masse for the streaming-stage proteome

Electrotaxis plays a critical role in developmental cell migration, axon growth cone guidance, epithelial wound healing, tissue regeneration, and the degree of invasiveness characterizing different cancer cell lines. During electrotaxis in a direct current electric field (EF), a cell migrates preferentially either towards the anode or cathode depending on the cell-type. However, the types and ranges of mechanisms coupling trans-cellular electric fields to cellular EF-sensitive signaling systems are largely unknown. To address this cell biological phenomenon, I use transcriptomic data from a developmental genetic model in which multicellular social aggregation is induced by starvation of amoeboid cells. I find that the developmental proteome expressed during the streaming aggregation stage is measurably and substantially enriched in charged and highly polar amino acids relative to the proteomes of either the unicellular amoeboid or the multicellular fruiting body. This large-scale coding augmentation of EF-sensitive amino acid residues in thousands of streaming-specific proteins is accompanied by a proportional coding decrease in the number of small, uncharged amino acid residues. I also confirm an expected coding increase of biosynthetically costly amino acids in the proteome of the satiated feeding-stage amoeboid. These findings suggest that electrotactic capability is encoded broadly in the genetically regulated deployment of a developmental proteome with augmented EF-sensitivity. These results signify that extreme, nonuniform, evolutionary constraints can be exerted on the amino acid composition of an organism’s proteome.
Essays on Government Policy and Pharmaceutical Innovation - Dissertation Executive Summary

New drug therapies may deliver many social and economic benefits, but current levels of innovation across diseases may not be socially optimal. This dissertation investigates two mechanisms by which governments may influence pharmaceutical research and development (RD and (2) prescription drug insurance, as in Medicare Part D. The author finds federal funding for life sciences research spurs non-federal investment in academic R&D as well as downstream drug development. Likewise, introduction of Medicare Part D increased both the number of drugs entering clinical trials and firm R&D expenditures for higher-Medicare-share drugs.
Effects of Acute Heat Stress on the Expression Levels of HSP70 Gene in Duck Spleens

In order to research the heat stress's influence on the expression of HSP70,we used the method of RT-PCR and western-blotting to test the expression of HSP70 in the spleen of ducks which were treated with the heat stress for the same temperature but different time(3,5,7 h).The result showed that compared with the control,by 3 h heat stress,the expression of HSP70 mRNA was decreased(P 0.05),while by 5 h heat stress,the expression of HSP70 mRNA distinctively was elevated(P 0.05) compared with 3 h heat stress;However the expression of HSP70 protein was descended distingctively by 5 h heat stress.All this indicated that heat stress could evidently influence the expression of HSP70 in duck's spleen.
Various Recrystallizations of CL-20 (HNIW hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane).

Impact sensitivity testing was performed using a modified Bureau of Mines (MBOM) impactor manufactured by Safety Management Services, Inc., shown in Figure 1. Type-12 tooling was utilized on this machine with a 2.5kg impactor and matching intermediate mass. This particular machine is capable of a maximum drop height of 115cm with 0.1cm increments, though 1cm increments are typically used. Sample material was placed (35 ± 2mg) onto 1 inch squares of Norton brand 180A Garnet sandpaper. Positive results were detected visually or audibly by the operator as smoke, flash, report, charring/tearing of the sandpaper, etc.
'Beset on Every Side': Reimagining the Ideology of the Roman Catechism (1566)

This paper reviews the historical development of the Roman Catechism, analyzing portions of its text according to Paul Ricoeur’s interpretative theory. It then demonstrates how the catechism conveys an ideology in which the church’s primary role is to defend itself against threats to its survival and internal structure. Finally, it proposes a way of reimagining the catechism based on a process of identifying its distortions, discovering the real referent, and then appropriating that referent for current readers. A possibility for further study and analysis consists in examining church texts to see whether the Roman Catechism already exists in an appropriated form. Is there a document or text that actually reflects an appropriated version of the original 1566 catechism, and, if so, which one?
Split-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: II. Comparing pregnancy rates among nonestrous heifers based on administration of GnRH at AI.

This experiment was designed to evaluate split-time artificial insemination (AI) in beef heifers following administration of the 14-day controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-prostaglandin F2α (PG) protocol and to compare pregnancy rates among nonestrous heifers based on administration of GnRH at AI. Estrus was synchronized for 1138 heifers across six locations. Heifers received a CIDR insert (1.38 g progesterone) on Day 0 with removal on Day 14. Estrus detection aids (Estrotect) were applied at PG (25 mg), 16 days after CIDR removal on Day 30. Heifers were assigned to balanced treatments based on reproductive tract score and weight, and treatments were represented within each location. Split-time AI was performed at 66 and 90 hours after PG, and estrus was recorded at these times. Heifers in both treatments that exhibited estrus by 66 hours were inseminated and did not receive GnRH, whereas AI was delayed 24 hours until 90 hours after PG for heifers that failed to exhibit estrus by 66 hours. For heifers in treatment 1 that were inseminated at 90 hours, GnRH (100 μg) was administered concurrent with AI at 90 hours. Heifers in treatment 2 that were inseminated at 90 hours did not receive GnRH. Estrous response did not differ between treatments at 66 hours after PG (treatment 1 = 70%; treatment 2 = 71%; P = 0.58) or during the 24-hour delay period (treatment 1 = 59%; treatment 2 = 52%; P = 0.21). There was no effect of treatment on pregnancy rates resulting from AI for heifers inseminated at 66 hours (treatment 1 = 58%; treatment 2 = 62%; P = 0.86) or 90 hours (treatment 1 = 44%; treatment 2 = 39%; P = 0.47) after PG; and there was no difference between treatments when considering total AI pregnancy rate (treatment 1 = 54%; treatment 2 = 56%; P = 0.60). Ovulation was confirmed via ultrasonography for a subset of heifers that failed to exhibit estrus prior to 90 hours after PG. For heifers that failed to exhibit estrus by 90 hours, success of ovulation did not differ between treatments (treatment 1 = 52%; treatment 2 = 50%; P = 0.64) nor did AI pregnancy rate (treatment 1 = 24%; treatment 2 = 15%; P = 0.97). In summary, when split-time AI was used in conjunction with the 14-day CIDR-PG protocol in heifers, comparable pregnancy rates were achieved without administering GnRH.
Faculty experience and engagement in a longitudinal integrated clerkship.

AbstractThe authors sought to understand rewards and challenges of teaching third-year medical students in the University of Colorado School of Medicine (CUSOM) Denver Health Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (DH-LIC) compared to teaching in rotation-based clerkships (RBCs). The authors considered implications for the recruitment and retention of faculty in clinical educational programs. Preceptors completed surveys at baseline and year-end. Of eligible faculty, 28 of 40 completed both baseline and year-end surveys. The majority (85.2%) of faculty were satisfied with the DH-LIC and 85.7% continued to teach in year-two of the program. Faculty reported increased satisfaction from teaching and improved teaching and mentoring skills. Faculty familiarity with DH-LIC students was significantly higher than with students previously taught (p = .004); 89.3% of faculty knew their DH-LIC student well enough to tailor instruction to individual learning needs. Teaching techniques utilized at baseline and end of year d...
Regulating for Equality: Modalities of Regulation and Gender Gaps

The history of regulating for equality reveals puzzling patterns that are not easily reconciled with theories focused on employment relations systems and welfare state regimes. The chapter shows that these outcomes can be best deciphered by investigating what is regulated, how it is regulated, and the language and ideology underpinning these gender and labor regulations. Only by forensically identifying modalities of regulation across policy domains and by interrogating the tensions between, and gaps within, regulations can we account for the full array of labor market advantages and disadvantages experienced by different groups of men and women. The example of Japan highlights the role of regulation in producing large gender pay and employment gaps.
Seasonal variation in circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mugwort-allergic asthmatics during and outside pollen season

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a newly identified cell population with the potent capability to produce Th2-type cytokines in a non-antigen specific manner. Previous study demonstrated that enhanced circulating ILC2s in cat-allergic patient after experimental allergen challenge, whereas the effects of natural allergen exposure on peripheral ILC2s are still unclear. We therefore examined the variations in circulating ILC2s among asthmatic patients sensitized to different allergens in- and outside- pollen season. 10 patients sensitized to mugwort, 10 patients sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) and 12 healthy controls were recruited into this study. Blood samples were collected from the patients in- and outside- pollens season, 2–3 months apart. ILC2s (Lin-CD127+ CRTH2+) were enumerated by flow cytometry, as well as intracellular IL-5 and IL-13 expression. The levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in supernatants of Lineage- and Lineage+ cells stimulated with IL-25 and/or IL-33 in the presence of IL-2 were measured using a Milliplex human cytokine array kit. An obvious seasonal increases in percentages of total and IL-13+ ILC2s were observed in patients with mugwort sensitization during natural pollen exposure, however, the percentages of peripheral ILC2s in HDM-allergic patients were not affected significantly. A positive correlation between FeNO and IL-13+ILC2s was found in patients sensitized to mugwort. A mixture of IL-33 and IL-25 induced a significant production of IL-13 and IL-5 from Lineage− cells of both mugwort-allergic and HDM-allergic asthmatics. Stimulation with IL-33 alone induced a significantly greater quantity of IL-13 by Lineage-cells from mugwort-allergic asthmatic compared with that from HDM-allergic asthmatics, whereas IL-25 induced a significantly greater amount of IL-5 by the Lineage-cells from mugwort-allergic asthmatic compared with that from HDM-allergic asthmatics. Within pollen season the frequencies and function profiles of circulating ILC2s among asthmatic children are altered dynamically, which may be closely related to the sensitized type of allergens.
TO TWEET OR NOT TO TWEET: RAPID GROWTH IN THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AT MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR MEETINGS

Not without controversy, social media use has gained traction in medical and surgical conferences due to its ability to disseminate information in real time. However, there is a paucity of research quantifying this trend in cardiology conferences. The Symplur Signals database was used to analyze
Exploring geometrical patterns in streamflow time series: utility for forecasting?

Streamflow time series often provide valuable insights into the underlying physical processes that govern responses of any watershed to storm events. Patterns derived from time series based on repeated structures within these series can be beneficial for developing new or improved data-driven forecasting models. Data-driven models, artificial neural networks (ANN), are developed in the current study for streamflow prediction using input structures that are classified by geometrically similar patterns. A new modular and integrated ANN architecture that combines multiple ANN models, referred to as pattern-classified neural network (PCNN), is proposed, developed and investigated in this study. The PCNN relies on the development of several independent local models instead of one global data-driven prediction model. The PCNN models are evaluated for one step-ahead prediction of daily streamflows for Reed Creek and Little River, Virginia, and Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky in the United States. Results obtained from this study suggest that the use of these patterns has improved the performance of the neural networks in prediction. The improved performance of the PCNN models can be attributed to prior classification of data benefiting generalization abilities. PCNN model outputs can also provide an ensemble of forecasts that help quantify forecast uncertainty.
Unpacking the disclosure package: Using experiments to investigate investor reactions to narrative disclosures

Abstract In this commentary on “Do features that associate managers with a message magnify investor's reactions to narrative disclosures?” by Asay, Libby, and Rennekamp (2018), I discuss issues regarding the experimental methods commonly used to study the effects of narrative financial disclosures. First, I suggest a broader view of the complementarity of experimental and archival research. Second, experimental methods provide an opportunity to design materials that use minimal representations of phenomena of interest or to use a broader, 360°, approach in depicting the phenomena; I argue the latter approach is a valid option. Third, I note concerns about the ubiquitous “process” or mediation testing in many financial accounting experiments. Fourth, I argue that the use of online participant population can be improved through better screening, to parallel the screening we use with student participant groups. Fifth, I summarize comments by conference participants that questioned the source of corporate disclosure style choices and investor style expectations. The paper concludes with a call for a framework to organize and understand the myriad of financial disclosure style choices made by firm management.
Current Results of the University of Arizona Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials (1974–1984)

In this paper we update the results of a series of clinical trials of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with early stage breast cancer seen and treated at the University of Arizona Cancer Center between 1974 and 1984. Preliminary results have been presented at earlier conferences on the adjuvant therapy of cancer [1–7]. The basic chemotherapy employed in these adjuvant trials consisted of the two-drug combination of doxorubicin (adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide (AC) administered at 3-week intervals. These agents were picked for study because of their efficacy in treating patients with advanced breast cancer, the subsequent evidence of drug synergism from animal tumor systems, and for their ease of administration in an outpatient setting. This report includes data based on an analysis made in October, 1983.
The Hyperbow: A Precision Violin Interface

This paper addresses the need to utilize precision measurement techniques in the the creation of new performance instruments and interfaces. Discussed within is the design and construction of a new violin interface, the Hyperbow, which serves as a £rst demonstration of how a violin bow might be made capable of measuring the most intricate aspects of violin technique–the subtle elements of physical gesture that immediately and directly impact the sound of the instrument while playing. In order to provide this insight into the subtleties of bow articulation, a sensing system has been integrated into a commercial carbon £ber bow to measure changes in position, acceleration, and the downward and lateral strains on the bow stick. These sensors were fashioned using an electromagnetic £eld sensing technique, commercial MEMS accelerometers, and foil strain gauges. The measurement techniques used in this work were found to be quite sensitive and yielded sensors that were easily controllable by a player using traditional right hand bowing technique.
Dedekind’s Theory of the Continuum

This chapter constructs the real numbers from the rational numbers using the method of Dedekind cuts and discusses properties of general linear continuums, such as the Intermediate Value Theorem, in the process.
White ash (Fraxinus americana) survival in the core of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) invasion.

Despite catastrophic ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality observed by the mid-2000s in the epicenter of the emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion in southeast Michigan, we notic...
Exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review and new directions

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviors that are interfering, time-consuming, and difficult to control. Although OCD was once thought to be untreatable, the last few decades have seen great success in reducing symptoms with exposure and response prevention (ERP), which is now considered to be the first-line psychotherapy for the disorder. Despite these significant therapeutic advances, there remain a number of challenges in treating OCD. In this review, we will describe the theoretical underpinnings and elements of ERP, examine the evidence for its effectiveness, and discuss new directions for enhancing it as a therapy for OCD.
John Bellers (1654–1725): ‘A Veritable Phenomenon in the History of Political Economy’

What sort of a person would be an inspiration to Karl Marx and a champion of free trade, an advocate of gainful employment and hard work, a herald of providing education and medical care for the poor while also seeing their labor as the greatest resources of the rich, a prophetic voice seeking to curb the ills of heavy drinking and the developing of worthy living quarters for workers, a challenger of dishonesty in public service and in Parliament while also calling for a unified state of Europe and Christian unity, an exhorter of Friends to spiritual discipline, anger management, and prayer while also disparaging corporal punishment, needless imprisonment, and the death penalty? Such a person is John Bellers (1654–1725), and as Vail Palmer points out, only two leaders of Quakerism in the early years the movement are known beyond its religious appraisals: William Penn and John Bellers. Interestingly, however, the contribution of Bellers is better known among Marxist historians and socialism theorists than among students of Quakerism and religious history. While Bellers is covered in many textbooks on Marxism, his place in introductory Quaker texts is either absent or modest. Nonetheless, Bellers deserves a place as a leading representative of early Quakerism, whose contribution and work deserves a fresh consideration by historians of modernism and Quakerism, as well.
Spectra and structure of small ring compounds: Part XXX. Microwave spectrum of 1,1-difluoro-1-silacyclopent-3-ene

Abstract The microwave spectrum of 1,1-difluoro-l-silacyclopent-3-ene has been recorded from 26.5 to 40.0 GHz. Only A -type transitions were observed. The R -branch assignments have been made for the ground state and the first three excited states of the ring puckering vibration. It is shown that the five-membered ring structure is planar from the values of the components of the dipole moment, as well as from the value of the inertial defect as a function of the ring puckering quantum number. From the relative intensity measurements, it is concluded that the first excited state of the ring puckering vibration has a frequency of 38 ±7 cm −1 and that the vibration is nearly harmonic. The components of the dipole moment were determined by the Stark effect to be μ a = 2.02 ±0.06 D, μ b = 0, and μ c = 0.0 ±0.09 D. All of the observed data are consistent with a molecule of C 2v symmetry and the possible reasons for this structure are discussed.
Prediction of MRI RF Exposure for Implantable Plate Devices Using Artificial Neural Network

The purpose of this paper is to present a fast method to predict the radio frequency (RF) exposure for multi-configuration implantable devices in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment by using an artificial neural network (ANN). A synthesizing framework is developed to improve the ANN, of which the inputs are the geometric dimensions of the targeted device and the output is the peak 1-g average SAR (SAR1g) of the device. The synthesizing framework integrates feature selection and performance optimization techniques, achieved by using the mean impact value (MIV) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA), to identify the most impactful features and improve the performance of the ANN. The framework was implemented and validated with the samples of 576 implantable plate devices with various geometric dimensions. The dimensions of the device were determined by six parameters and the peak SAR1g of the devices was numerically calculated by using a full-wave electromagnetic solver based on the finite-difference time-domain method. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed framework were systematically evaluated. Comparing with the unimproved ANN, the mean square error (MSE) of the predicted peak SAR1g decreased by 28.06% for the ANN using MIV algorithm, while the MSE decreased by 55.29% for the presented synthesizing framework. The MSE of the predicted peak SAR1g was 8.16 W2/kg2 and the correlation between the predicted and calculated peak SAR1g was 0.994 for the improved ANN in the studied cases.