cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional asplenia in hemoglobin SC disease

The incidence of functional asplenia in sickle-hemoglobin C (SC) disease has not been defined, and the use of prophylactic penicillin to prevent life-threatening septicemia in this disorder is controversial. The percentage of red blood cells with pits (pit count) is a reliable assay of splenic function in other disorders but has not been validated in hemoglobin SC disease. To address these issues, we conducted a prospective, multicenter study of splenic function in persons with hemoglobin SC disease. Baseline clinical data were recorded, and red blood cell pit counts were performed on 201 subjects, aged 6 months to 90 years, with hemoglobin SC; 43 subjects underwent radionuclide liver-spleen scanning. Pit counts greater than 20% were associated with functional asplenia as assessed by liver-spleen scan, whereas pit counts less than 20% were found in subjects with preserved splenic function. Pit counts greater than 20% were present in 0 of 59 subjects (0%) less than 4 years of age, in 19 of 86 subjects (22%) 4 to 12 years of age, and in 25 of 56 subjects (45%) greater than 12 years of age. Other subjects with hemoglobin SC, who had previously undergone surgical splenectomy, had higher pit counts (59.7% +/- 9.5%) than splenectomized subjects without hemoglobinopathy (38.5% +/- 8.8%) or with sickle cell anemia (20.5% +/- 1.9%; P 20% in our laboratory) are higher than in other disorders. The routine administration of prophylactic penicillin to infants and young children with hemoglobin SC disease may not be necessary.
Localized Wave Transport of Pulsed Beam Energy

This paper describes the theory and experiments used to measure a new type of finite beam pulse, the localized wave pulse. The LW pulse is a linear superposition of Gaussian-like basis functions which are constructed from the focus wave modes of Brittingham [1] by means of the modified power spectrum [2].
A Complete Tank Test of a Model of a Flying-Boat Hull N.A.C.A. Model No.11

This note discusses the limitations of the conventional tank test of a seaplane model. The advantages of a complete test, giving the characteristics of the model at all speeds, loads, and trim angles in the useful range are pointed out. The data on N.A.C.A. Model No.11, obtained from a complete test, are presented and discussed. The results are analyzed to determine the best trim angle for each speed and load. The data for the best angles are reduced to non-dimensional form for ease of comparison and application. A practical problem using the characteristics of model no.11 is presented to show the method of calculating the take-off time and run of a seaplane from these data.
Derrick Bell’s Community-Based Classroom

In Derrick Bell’s Community-based Classroom, I argue that Derrick Bell enhanced his participatory pedagogical approach to teaching constitutional law by intentionally creating community within the law school classroom — a community that humanized the students’ educational experience. This essay explores three ways in which he created community: through his participatory, student-centered course structure; his social classroom environment; and his interactive self-assessments. Over the past few years, legal education has come under indictment in the media for not adequately training lawyers for practice. Bell’s community-based classroom responds to this indictment, fusing both theory and practice in teaching doctrinal constitutional law courses that aim to transform students into competent, caring professionals.
Judgment without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment during World War II

"Judgment without Trial" reveals that long before the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the US government began making plans for the eventual internment and later incarceration of the Japanese American population. Tetsuden Kashima uses newly obtained records to trace this process back to the 1920s, when a nascent imprisonment organization was developed to prepare for a possible war with Japan, and follows it in detail through the war years. Along with coverage of the well-known incarceration camps, the author discusses the less familiar and very different experiences of people of Japanese descent in the Justice and War Departments' internment camps that held internees from the continental US and from Alaska, Hawaii, and Latin America. Utilizing extracts from diaries, contemporary sources, official communications, and interviews, Kashima brings an array of personalities to life on the pages of his book - those whose unbiased assessments of America's Japanese ancestry population were discounted or ignored, those whose works and actions were based on misinformed fears and racial animosities, those who tried to remedy the inequities of the system, and by no means least, the prisoners themselves. Kashima's interest in this episode began with his own unanswered questions about his father's wartime experiences. From this very personal motivation, he has produced a panoramic and detailed picture - without rhetoric and emotionalism and supported at every step by documented fact - of a government that failed to protect a group of people for whom it had forcibly assumed total responsibility. Tetsuden Kashima is professor of American ethnic studies at the University of Washington.
Model reference adaptive speed control for doubly-fed machines

A brushless doubly-fed motor drive attempts to realize the benefits of adjustable speed drives while reducing size and rating of the associated power converter. Since only one of the two sets of stator windings is controllable, conventional methods of field orientation are not directly applicable. This has led to the development of a predictive algorithm based on the principle of self control. The paper discusses enhancement of the dynamic response of the doubly-fed drive under direct torque control by providing for a model reference adaptive controller in the speed loop; the direct torque control algorithm is shown to be quite robust with respect to system electrical parameters. Simulation results illustrate the improved performance over conventional PI-regulators. >
Fifty Years Later: Robert Penn Warren’s Who Speaks for the Negro?

Who Speaks for the Negro? By Robert Penn Warren. New York: Random House, 1965. Reprinted with introduction by David W. Blight. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. 454 pp. Softbound, $25.00. Rob...
On discussion of mixed mode noise in H-bridge converters

This paper presents the analysis of mixed mode noise in an H-bridge PWM converter. Based on the definition of differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) noise voltage source and noise current and the time domain voltage and current relationship, noise prediction models are proposed in frequency domain for CM, DM and mixed mode (MM) noise with the consideration of system symmetry regarding the noise propagation path impedance. The model indicates that the mixed mode noise is the cross-coupling between CM/DM noise source and DM/CM noise current due to circuit asymmetry. With the noise source calculated using double Fourier integral transformation method and circuit impedance measured from real circuits or calculated from detailed switching models in frequency domain, the mixed mode noise can be predicted based on the proposed models. This paper also presents the impact of circuit asymmetry on EMI filter performance which indicates that the circuit asymmetry also cause the cross-coupling between CM and DM filters that increase the complexity of EMI filter design. The proposed models and analyzing results are verified through both simulation and experiments on a 1kW H-bridge single-phase PWM converter.
Improved line-end foreshortening and corner-rounding control in optical proximity correction using radius of curvature method

We describe how to generate better Optical Proximity Corrections (OPC) for line-ends and corners by using rounded anchors and serifs. These rounded serifs and anchors can be made smaller in size and shape than the traditional rectilinear anchors and serifs. The smaller size of the serifs tend to have less problems in satisfying mask-rule constraints. They also have less adverse effects on the printability of neighboring shapes. We refer to these rounded anchors and serifs as Mouse-Ears. The rounding is done by circles which are regular octagons with Ortho-45 straight lines. The main idea of this paper stems from the physical description of the lithographic process, which can be conceptualized as a low-pass filter. The low-pass filter eliminates the sharp corners of the feature which are made of high spatial-frequency components and retains the low spatial-frequency components. Since the rounded anchors and serifs have fewer high-frequency components than their rectilinear counterparts they get less deformed in the lithographic process.
Electron–Proton and Electron–Ion Colliders

The physics motivation, accelerator science, plans for future facilities and major accelerator systems of electron–ion colliders are presented. The science enabled by these machines motivates the machine design with high luminosity and flexibility, and thus leads to new challenges in accelerator science. Innovative solutions, developed in order to achieve the objectives set for these machines, are described. Major accelerator systems and accelerator physics issues are also described, and references are provided for readers interested in greater detail.
Analyses of multilayered dental ceramics subjected to biaxial flexure tests.

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to formulate explicitly the equation to relate the biaxial strength of multilayered dental ceramics to the fracture load for mutilayered discs subjected to biaxial flexure tests. Methods Analytical modeling showed that the solutions for multilayered discs subjected to biaxial flexure tests could be obtained from the existing solutions for monolayered systems by replacing the neutral surface position and the flexural rigidity of monolayers with those of multilayers. Finite element analyses were performed on porcelain/zirconia bilayered discs subjected to piston-on-ring and ring-on-ring tests to verify the analytical results. Results Good agreement was obtained between (i) present analytical results and Roark's formulas for stresses at the top and the bottom surfaces of bimetallic discs subjected to bending, and (ii) present analytical and finite element results for porcelain/zirconia bilayered discs subjected to piston-on-ring and ring-on-ring tests. Significance The present closed-form solutions provide a basis for evaluating the biaxial strength of multilayered dental ceramics. Depending upon the strength of the individual layers and the stress distribution through the thickness of the multilayer during tests, cracking can initiate from any layer under tension.
Psoriatic arthritis mutilans: Digital distraction lengthening: Pathophysiologic and current therapeutic review

A patient with advanced arthritis mutilans secondary to psoriatic arthritis had distraction lengthening of the index and long fingers of his left hand followed by interphalangeal joint debridement and iliac crest bone grafting. After operation, he demonstrated improved pinch (1.5 pounds to 8 pounds) and grip function (40 pounds to 60 pounds) in the hand and maintenance of the achieved digital length.
Individual differences in category learning: Memorization versus rule abstraction

Although individual differences in category-learning tasks have been explored, the observed differences have tended to represent different instantiations of general processes (e.g., learners rely upon different cues to develop a rule) and their consequent representations. Additionally, studies have focused largely on participants’ categorizations of transfer items to determine the representations that they formed. In the present studies, we used a convergent-measures approach to examine participants’ categorizations of transfer items in addition to their self-reported learning orientations and response times on transfer items, and in doing so, we garnered evidence that qualitatively distinct approaches in explicit strategies for category learning (i.e., memorization vs. abstracting an articulable rule) and consequent representations might emerge in a single task. Participants categorized instances that followed a categorization rule (in Study 1, we used a relational rule; in Study 2, an additional task with a single-feature rule). Critically, for both tasks, some transfer items differed from trained instances on only one attribute (but otherwise were perceptually similar), rendering the item a member of the opposing category on the basis of the rule (i.e., termed ambiguous items). Some learners categorized ambiguous items on the basis of perceptual similarity, whereas others categorized them on the basis of an abstracted rule. Self-reported learning orientation (i.e., memorization vs. rule abstraction) predicted categorizations and response times on transfer items. Differences in learning orientations were not associated with performance on other cognitive measures (i.e., working memory capacity and Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices). This work suggests that individuals may have different predispositions toward memorization versus rule abstraction in a single categorization task.
Tunable and selective resonant absorption in vertical nanowires

We demonstrate that vertical subwavelength diameter nanowires exhibit tunable and selective resonant absorption using numerical simulations and optical waveguide theory. Incident light on vertical nanowires only excites hybrid TM-dominant HE1m leaky modes due to symmetry matching requirements. The transverse resonances associated with these hybrid modes result in strong absorption enhancements that may be adjusted by changing the nanowire diameter. In particular, the fundamental HE11 transverse resonance may be tuned across a wide range of wavelengths and is separated from that of the HE12 mode by a large spectral gap, which is advantageous for wavelength selectivity. Leaky longitudinal resonances result in weaker absorption peaks at larger wavelengths. We further study the effect of incident light angle on the absorption spectra.
Electro-optic birefringence induced polarization anisotropy in vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs)

The polarization anisotropy including polarization dependent gain (PDG) and frequency splitting in VCSOAs are measured. Measurements of the output polarization state show that the cause of this polarization anisotropy in VCSOAs is electro-optic birefringence.
Organizational “Emotion Work” Through Consciousness-Raising: An Analysis of a Feminist Organization

In this article I explore how organizational processes link to certain emotional responses, as a way of investigating more fully the role emotions play in social movements. Through the construction of a case study of a feminist group, the New York City chapter of the National Organization for Women (NYC NOW), I analyze how certain emotions, such as anger, alienation, hopelessness and frustration, are redefined within an organizational context. I find that consciousness-raising serves as the organizational process that helps transform personal emotions into a collectively defined sense of injustice. This transformation has the potential of creating actors dedicated to chapter activism.
Dual Auxin Signaling Pathways Control Cell Elongation and Division

Auxin regulates plant cell division, elongation, and differentiation through signal transduction that probably embodies a complex network rather than a linear pathway. Evidence has emerged that auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) is a component of this signal network by acting as a high-affinity auxin receptor mediating cell expansion. On the other hand, high auxin concentrations stimulate cell division via a second, unidentified auxin pathway, possibly mediated by a low-affinity auxin receptor. Evidence is presented that this second pathway is coupled with a heterotrimeric G-protein. Molecular genetic evidence supports the conclusion that both the ABP1 and G-protein pathways must crosstalk to bring about normal development.
Beta diversity of marine bacteria depends on temporal scale

Factors controlling the spatial distribution of bacterial diversity have been intensely studied, whereas less is known about temporal changes. To address this, we tested whether the mechanisms that underlie bacterial temporal β-diversity vary across different scales in three marine microbial communities. While seasonal turnover was detected, at least 73% of the community variation occurred at intra-seasonal temporal scales, suggesting that episodic events are important in structuring marine microbial communities. In addition, turnover at different temporal scales appeared to be driven by different factors. Intra-seasonal turnover was significantly correlated to environmental variables such as phosphate and silicate concentrations, while seasonal and interannual turnover were related to nitrate concentration and temporal distance. We observed a strong link between the magnitude of environmental variation and bacterial β-diversity in different communities. Analogous to spatial biogeography, we found different rates of community changes across temporal scales.
A Model for the Prediction of the Collection Efficiency Characteristics of a Small, Cylindrical Aerosol Sampling Cyclone

Velocity data from a previous study were nondimensionalized and used in conjunction with a computer program which solves the equations for particle trajectory to predict the collection efficiency for the cyclone. Results for the prediction of cutpoint at the same Reynolds number as that for which the velocities were measured, both for a large cyclone of 88.9 mm diameter and another geometrically similar at one half the scale, are excellent. The model predicts cutpoints of 10 μm and 5.1 μm for the large and small cyclone, respectively, while the actual cutpoints determined from aerosol tests were 9.9 μm and 5.2 μ m. The efficiency curve generated by the model was steeper (geometric standard deviation of 1.1) than the efficiency curve determined through the aerosol testing (geometric standard deviation of 1.4). A simplification of the Dirgo and Leith equation fitting Barth's design curve is suggested which provides a significantly better fit of the aerosol data (geometric standard deviation of 1.3). At 1.5N...
Muscular dystrophy candidate gene FRG1 is critical for muscle development

The leading candidate gene responsible for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is FRG1 (FSHD region gene 1). However, the correlation of altered FRG1 expression levels with disease pathology has remained controversial and the precise function of FRG1 is unknown. Here, we carried out a detailed analysis of the normal expression patterns and effects of FRG1 misexpression during vertebrate embryonic development using Xenopus laevis. We show that frg1 is expressed in and essential for the development of the tadpole musculature. FRG1 morpholino injection disrupted myotome organization and led to inhibited myotome growth, while elevated FRG1 led to abnormal epaxial and hypaxial muscle formation. Thus, maintenance of normal FRG1 levels is critical for proper muscle development, supportive of FSHD disease models whereby misregulation of FRG1 plays a causal role underlying the pathology exhibited in FSHD patients. Developmental Dynamics 238:1502–1512, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of small intestine absorption by intraluminal gastrin

Abstract Several studies have suggested that gastrointestinal peptides can produce trophic changes in the small intestine epithelium. In a previous study utilizing a rat fetal intestine transplant model, we reported that chronic, continuous, systemic administration of gastrin-17 increased carbohydrate absorption 2.5-fold and protein absorption 1.3-fold. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of chronic luminal perfusion of gastrin on substrate absorption in rat mature small intestine. A 10-cm segment of mid small intestine was isolated with both ends brought out as abdominal wall stomas (creating a Thiry-Vella loop) and bowel continuity was established by end-to-end anastomosis. After a 1-week recovery, the tips of two catheters were positioned at approximately 3 and 6 cm from the proximal end of the isolated small intestine segment. A 14-day continuous luminal perfusion was accomplished by connecting the other ends of the catheters to subcutaneously placed osmotic pumps filled to deliver saline (control; N = 10) or gastrin-17 (13.5 nM/kg/day; N = 7). At the completion of the luminal perfusion, intestinal absorption was determined with labeled substrates ([14C]galactose and [14C]glycine) using a closed, recirculation technique. Absorption (μM/cm2 small intestine) of galactose in the control animals was 1.44 ± 0.18 and for the gastrin infused rats, it was 6.56 ± 0.46. Glycine absorption was 1.63 ± 0.31 for the control group and 7.83 ± 0.62 for the gastrin infused group. Thus, in this rat model, intraluminal gastrin infusion was capable of increasing carbohydrate (galactose) absorption 456% (P
Atmospheric deposition sampler intercomparison

Two wet/dry atmospheric deposition sampler types were compared for 1 yr. The resistance required to open each of ten collectors was determined. Additionally, the opening and closing history of each sampler was recorded using a microdatalogger with a resolution of 1 min. The frequency distribution of amount of time that a collector was open was used to evaluate the comparability of opening and closing of each collector. Weekly amounts of rainfall for each of the collectors was used to determine the efficiency of collection as compared to a Belfort 5–780 weighing rain gauge. The performance of a collector as determined by the efficiency of collection and also by the distribution of frequencies of times that a sampler was exposed to precipitation were statistically different for the different sampler configurations. Disclaimer. Publication, does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of Department of the Army and the US Military Academy, nor does mention of trade names or commerical products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Not subject to copyright restrictions, work of US Government.
Microbial Models of Mammalian Metabolism: Production of 3'-Hydroxywarfarin, a New Metabolite of Warfarin Using Cunninghamella elegans

Warfarin, an anticoagulant and "metabolic probe" for cytochrome P-450 isozyme multiplicity, was metabolized by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans (ATCC 36112) to yield the previously unreported metabolite 3'-hydroxywarfarin. This metabolite was isolated from cell suspension cultures and characterized by analytical (HPLC) and spectral (EI-MS, PMR) comparisons with synthetic 3'-hydroxywarfarin.
The Assessment of Hand Volume Using a Modified Volumetric Technique

Common methods of volumetric measurement include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioelectrical impedance, Perometer, tape measure, and water volumetry. Methods driven with technology, i.e., MRI, provide results with high levels of precision while requiring sophisticated equipment and associated costs. More basic techniques, i.e., tape measure and water volumetry, require minimal equipment and costs but sacrifice on precision of results. Traditional water volumetric measurement is relatively inexpensive and simple to conduct but the precision of measurements can be limited by the quality and readability of the incorporated graduated cylinders. The objective of this study was to establish the reliability of a modified water volumetric technique on measurements of hand volume. Ten subjects with no previous volumetric measurement experience participated in the study. The reliability of this modified volumetric measurement procedure was demonstrated by an intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (2, 1)] of 0.999. Furthermore, a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 1.68 ml was calculated for this procedure. Based on these results, we believe that the development of this modified volumetric technique provides clinicians with very reliable and precise measures of extremity volumes. Results from our current study continue to support the use of water volumetry as the gold standard in volumetric assessment and as such, the modified technique can be effectively utilized in both the research and clinical settings. We believe the modifications incorporated in our procedures are easily implemented and result in highly reliable measurements.
Complete penoscrotal transposition

Abstract A patient with complete penoscrotal transposition is described. We believe this represents the first such case associated with a chromosomal anomaly. A review o f the literature is given.
PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPOSURE INDICATORS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY

Physiological pharmacokinetic (PK) models can estimate tissue levels from data on blood solubility, partition coefficients and metabolic rate(s) of a chemical agent. Use of these models in epidemiological studies has been limited. PK models can be useful if four conditions are met: (1) potential causal agents are identified; (2) groups of subjects with substantially different profiles of exposure intensity are identified; (3) a physiological PK model is available to extrapolate target tissue concentrations for potential agents; and (4) mechanistic hypotheses predict substantially different risk for different time profiles of tissue concentration. An example of this approach is presented for cancer risk from mixed hydrocarbon exposures, including the development of three practical dose indices. This use of PK models produces dose-response relationships useful for risk assessment, and it permits epidemiological evaluation of mechanistic hypotheses derived from laboratory studies.
Impaired binding of estradiol to vaginal mucosal cells in post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Strong circumstantial evidence implicates the menopause as an important factor in pathogenesis of both age-related bone loss in the general population of post-menopausal women and in women with the clinical syndrome of post-menopausal osteoporosis. First, osteoporosis is up to ten times more common after age 50 in women than in men (1). While it is true that total skeletal mass before bone loss begins is greater in young men than in young women, the volume of trabecular bone (the type of bone primarily lost in osteoporosis) is actually initially greater in young women than in young men (2). Second, epidemiologic studies evaluating changes in bone density with age have shown that beginning after age 50 women lose more bone than men (2, 6). A relationship to the menopause is particularly suggested by the study of Meema and co-workers (5). They separated the variables of chronologic age and years elapsing since menopause by comparing 112 pre-menopausal women, 56 post-menopausal women who had had a physiologic menopause and 35 young women who had been surgically castrated for benign gynecologic conditions. The young surgical castrates had significantly less bone (p < 0.001) than their pre-menopausal peers; however, when assessed as a function of years since menopause the amount of bone loss was the same as in post-menopausal women. They concluded from this data that the important variable was the menopause and not chronological age. Third, institution of chronic estrogen therapy slows the rate of bone loss as assessed by peripheral bone densitometry (7, 8). Finally, short-term therapy with physiologic doses of estrogen in women with post-menopausal osteoporosis reduces bone turnover (6, 9, 10).
Unusual transcriptional and translational regulation of the bacteriophage Mu mom operon

Abstract The bacteriophage Mu mom gene encodes a novel DNA modification that protects the viral genome against a wide variety of restriction endonucleases. Expression of mom is subject to a series of unusual regulatory controls. Transcription requires the action of a phage-encoded protein, C, which binds (probably as a dimer) the mom promoter from –33 to –52 (with respect to the transcription start site) in two adjacent DNA major grooves on one face of the helix. No apparent direct interaction between C and the host RNA polymerase (RNAP) is evident; however, C binding alters mom DNA conformation. In the absence of C, RNAP binds the mom promoter at a site that results in transcription in a direction away from the mom gene. The function of this transcription is unknown. An additional layer of transcriptional regulation complexity is due to the fact that the host Dam DNA-(N6-adenine)methyltransferase is required. Dam methylation of three closely spaced upstream GATC sequences is necessary to prevent binding by the host protein, OxyR, which acts as a repressor. Repression is not mediated by inhibition of C binding, but rather through interference with C-mediated recruitment of RNAP to the correct site. Translation of mom is regulated by the phage Com protein. Com is only 62 amino acids long and contains a zinc finger-like structure (coordinated by four cysteine residues) in the amino terminal domain. Com binds mom mRNA 5′ to the mom open reading frame, whose translation start signals are contained in a stem-loop translation-inhibition-structure. Com binding to its target site (5′ to and adjacent to the translation-inhibition-structure) results in a stable change in RNA secondary structure that exposes the translation start signals.
Electromagnetic inversion using quasi-linear approximation

Three-dimensional electromagnetic inversion continues to be a challenging problem in electrical exploration. We have recently developed a new approach to the solution of this problem based on quasi-linear approximation of a forward modeling operator. It generates a linear equation with respect to the modified conductivity tensor, which is proportional to the reflectivity tensor and the complex anomalous conductivity. We solved this linear equation by using the regularized conjugate gradient method. After determining a modified conductivity tensor, we used the electrical reflectivity tensor to evaluate the anomalous conductivity. Thus, the developed inversion scheme reduces the original nonlinear inverse problem to a set of linear inverse problems. The developed algorithm has been realized in computer code and tested on synthetic 3-D EM data. The case histories include interpretation of a 3-D magnetotelluric survey conducted in Hokkaido, Japan, and the 3-D inversion of the tensor controlled-source audio magnetotelluric data over the Sulphur Springs thermal area, Valles Caldera, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Evaluating the performance of the OntoSem semantic analyzer

This paper describes an innovative evaluation regimen developed for the text meaning representations (TMRs) produced by the Ontological Semantic (OntoSem) general purpose syntactic-semantic analyzer. The goal of evaluation is not only to determine the quality of TMRs for given texts, but also to assign blame for various classes of errors, thus suggesting directions for continued work on both knowledge resources and processors. The paper includes descriptions of the OntoSem processing environment, the evaluation regime itself and results from our first evaluation effort.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Increasing numbers of adults with congenital heart disease are referred for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Knowledge of the congenital heart anatomy, prior surgical interventions, and the development of an imaging focus for each individual patient plays a crucial role when performing a successful cardiac magnetic resonance imaging examination. The following manuscript focuses on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging considerations of three specific conotruncal congenital heart lesions: tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and physiologically corrected TGA (c-TGA).
NSF 14: Shaping the Future of the Plastic Piping Industry

In 1951, NSF, then the National Sanitation Foundation, was approached by the Thermoplastics division of the Society of the Plastics Industry to initiate a research study related to the suitability of plastic pipe for potable water supplies. The results were reported in 1955 under the title “A Study of Plastic Pipe for Potable Water Supplies.” Following the publication of the study, NSF was requested by the plastics industry to establish a continuing testing and certification program on plastics materials, pipe, and fittings for potable water applications not only for toxicological considerations but also for performance evaluation. The Public Health and Industry Advisory Committee recommended the use of ASTM test procedures. The certification program was first started in 1959 and led to the creation of National Sanitation Foundation Standard Number 14 for Thermoplastic Materials in 1965. In 1991, NSF 14 became ANSI/NSF 14, the national standard for Plastic Piping Systems Components and Related Materials.
Indomethacin decreases resistance of gastric barrier to disruption by alcohol

Using a canine chambered stomach preparation, the effects of three 30-min exposures of the gastric mucosa to 20% ethanol in 100 mN HCl on gastric mucosal barrier disruption and ulcer formation were assessed. The interval between exposures was 30 min. Following an initial exposure to 20% ethanol, the net fluxes of H+, Na+, and K+ ions and perfusate volume induced by a second and third exposure of the gastric epithelium to this damaging agent were significantly reduced. Only minimal ulceration was observed following the first exposure which did not worsen with subsequent exposure to ethanol. If indomethacin was given intravenously either before or immediately after the first ethanol exposure, recovery of barrier function was significantly lessened after this challenge, and the resistance to barrier disruption was significantly decreased during the two subsequent exposures to ethanol when compared to experiments in which mucosa was exposed to 20% ethanol without concomitant administration of indomethacin. In addition, marked mucosal ulceration was observed during the second and third ethanol exposures if indomethacin was given. These studies suggest that the first alcohol challenge may have elicited the synthesis and release of tissue prostaglandins and thereby enhanced resistance of the gastric mucosa to subsequent challenge by this damaging agent. When prostaglandin synthesis was blocked by indomethacin, the increased resistance to gastric injury did not occur.
Wnt Signaling through the β-Catenin Pathway Is Sufficient to Maintain, but Not Restore, Anagen-Phase Characteristics of Dermal Papilla Cells

Dermal papilla cells of the hair follicle can be maintained in an active, hair-inducing state in vitro when cocultured with cells secreting Wnt3a. By inducing cultured dermal papilla cells to secrete Wnt themselves, we demonstrate that this activity is a direct effect of Wnt signaling to dermal papilla cells. We further demonstrate that the effects of Wnt3a are exerted through activation of the β-catenin signal transduction pathway and do not require alternative Wnt transduction cascades. Once dermal papilla cells have lost hair-inducing properties in vitro, neither treatment with Wnt nor expression of a truncated and activating form of β-catenin is sufficient to restore these properties to the cultured cells.
Differences in Final Arrangements between Burial and Cremation as the Method of Body Disposition

A survey of close survivors of deceased persons from six metropolitan areas of the United States investigated the differences in final arrangements when burial or cremation was employed as the meth...
Electron-rich bonding and the importance of s,p mixing as one moves across a period: a lesson from the LiSn system.

The electronic structure of an unusual LiSn phase (computed using band structure calculations in the framework of the extended Huckel tight binding theory) is the starting point for a general analysis of the variation of electron-rich multicenter bonding across a period. The LiSn crystal structure of Muller and Schafer in question contains 2D slabs of Sn atoms arranged as microscopic stairs and intercalated by Li atoms. Discrepancies between an electron count derived from a recent extension of the Zintl−Klemm rules to electron-rich systems (52/3 electrons) and the experimental one (5 electrons for the Sn sublattice) and other failures of chemical “common sense” emerge in the analysis. The key for interpretation of a series of puzzling results was found in the comparative analysis of the Sn net with other main group element hypervalent slabs. Increasing s,p-mixing as one moves from the right to the left side of the same row of the periodic table is responsible for these effects. The result is that a lower ...
Who should be chef?: The dynamics of valence evaluations across income groups during economic crises

In this paper, we investigate partisan rationalization in valence politics by trying to better specify the direct and indirect effects of the economy on government support. To do so, we examine how income levels moderate the influence of objective economic conditions on perceptions of which party is the best manager of the economy during a period of economic crisis, 2004–2010, in the United Kingdom. We find that low-income voters are more responsive in their assessments of the incumbent Labour government based on unemployment, as are high-income voters in terms of inflation. In addition, high-income voters tend to behave in a manner consistent with partisan rationalization, while low-income voters do not. These conclusions offer important implications for the effectiveness of electoral control of government policy, as well as the quality of representation.
Seize the state, seize the day: state capture and influence in transition economies

Abstract Data from the 1999 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey is used to examine state capture and influence in transition economies. We find that a capture economy has emerged in many transition countries, where rent-generating advantages are sold by public officials and politicians to private firms. While influence is a legacy of the past inherited by large, incumbent firms with existing ties to the state, state capture is a strategic choice made primarily by large de novo firms competing against influential incumbents. Captor firms, in high-capture economies, enjoy private advantages in terms of more protection of their own property rights and superior firm performance. Despite the private gains to captor firms, state capture is associated at the aggregate level with social costs in the form of weaker economy-wide firm performance. Journal of Comparative Economics 31 (4) (2003) 751–773.
Effect of trilostane on PGE, PGF2α, estradiol-17β, and progesterone secretion and pregnancy of 90-day ovariectomized pregnant ewes☆

Abstract Ninety-day pregnant sheep were ovariectomized and received vehicle or trilostane every 12 h through 132 h, starting at 72 h postovariectomy. All trilostane-treated ewes aborted (P ≤ 0.05) between 36 and 50 h after initiation of treatment. Profiles of progesterone in jugular venous blood differed (P ≤ 0.05) and was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in trilostane-treated ewes. Profiles of estradiol-17β in jugular venous plasma of trilostane-treated ewes differed (P ≤ 0.05) from controls. Estradiol-17β increased after the first two treatments, followed by a return 2 h later to pretreatment levels (P ≥ 0.05), which was followed by a sustained increase (P ≤ 0.05) in estradiol-17β. Profiles of PGF2α in inferior vena cava plasma of trilostane-treated ewes differed and were greater (P ≤ 0.05) and occurred with the sustained increase in estradiol-17β and the onset of most of the abortions. Profiles of PGE in inferior vena cava plasma between control and trilostane-treated 90-day pregnant ewes did not differ (P ≥ 0.05). It is concluded that abortions occur at midpregnancy in sheep when the estradiol-17β : progesterone ratio changes sufficiently to cause a sustained increase in estradiol-17β and PGF2α but without changing placental secretion of PGE.
Scanning laser video camera/ microscope

Abstract A laser scanning system capable of scanning at standard video rate has been developed. The scanning mirrors, circuit design and system performance, as well as its applications to video cameras and ultra-violet microscopes, are discussed.
Type and Frequency of Opioid Pain Medications Returned for Disposal

Prescription opioids have increasingly been involved in overdose deaths and treatment admissions. Disposal programs may play an important role in curbing this trend. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the prescription opioids returned for disposal to a local take-back program, and (2) explore selected drug characteristics that may predict the quantity of unused opioids. Leftover prescription opioid medications returned for disposal to a community drug take-back event were quantified and analyzed according to controlled substances schedule, formulation, number of active ingredients, and directions for use. Days’ supply of medication remaining, calculated using the number of dosage units remaining divided by the maximum number of dosage units per day allowed by the prescriber, was the primary outcome variable. Opioid prescriptions returned for disposal had greater than 60 % of the amount dispensed remaining unused. Short-acting C-II and C-III combination opioids accounted for greater than 80 % of the prescriptions returned. Day supply dispensed was the strongest predictor of day supply remaining, regardless of other drug characteristics. These findings indicate that disposal programs are effective at removing unused medication from patient homes. To reduce leftover medication, prescriber education programs should address the amount to be prescribed. Continual monitoring of quantities prescribed and returned for disposal may be useful in evaluating the effects of these programs on leftover medication. Further research on drug characteristics may inform prescribing practices and reduce leftover medication.
Prediction of the loading along the leg during snow skiing

The complete force and moment of each cross section of the leg between the ski boot top and the knee during normal skiing were predicted from measurements of the force and moment under the toe and heel of the boot and the flexion of the ankle. The force and moment components predicted at the base of the boot were significantly different from those predicted at sites of potential injury at the boot top and the knee. The maximum torsional and maximum varus-valgus moments predicted at the knee over all subjects tested were 70 Nm and 149 Nm, which are within the estimated range of the ultimate strength of the knee without support from contracted muscles crossing the knee. Regression analyses were used to find the force components at the base of the boot that best predict the bending and torsional moments at the boot top and knee. The torsional moments at the boot top and knee are best predicted by the medial-lateral force at the toe. The varus-valgus moment at the boot top and knee are best predicted by the resultant medial-lateral force component at the base of the boot. The set of best predictors of the anterior-posterior bending moments at the boot top and knee includes the vertical force at the toe, the vertical force at the heel and the component of the total vertical force directed perpendicular to the leg.
Distinct phenotypes of children with perianal perforating Crohn’s disease

Purpose Perianal perforating disease (PF) has been reported in approximately 15% of children with Crohn’s disease (CD). It is unknown whether children who present with PF at the time of diagnosis have a different course than those that develop PF while on therapy.
Heat Transfer and Moisture Loss of Spherical Fresh Produce

A computerized procedure was developed for simulating the post harvest cooling and moisture loss of produce by using a reliable mathematical model. This model was derived by assuming temperature and time variable respiration heat generation and temperature variable thermophysical property values. The developed procedure was employed to examine influence of five key dimensionless parameters on the cooling rate and moisture loss. These parameters are related to the rates of changes in density and thermal conductivity with changes in produce temperature, surface heat transfer conductance, transpiration rate, and environmental relative humidity. Theoretical results obtained from our examination were verified through heat transfer and moisture loss experiments by using fresh potatoes and tomatoes.
Use of SMART learning objectives to introduce continuing professional development into the pharmacy curriculum.

Objective. To determine whether a 2-year continuing professional development (CPD) training program improved first-year (P1) and second-year (P2) pharmacy students’ ability to write SMART (specific...
New adaptive time-delay estimation algorithm

A model for time delay smaller than sampling interval is proposed. Based on such a model, a new adaptive time delay estimation algorithm is developed. Stochastic averaging is used to show the convergence property of the adaptive algorithm. Computer simulations are also presented.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Studies of information processing in sleep.

Two studies of information processing in normal human sleep are reported. In Experiment I it was found that subjects responded differentially in stage 2 sleep to “own name,”“other name,” and tone stimuli (decreasing in that order) as reflected in both the finger plethysmograph (FP)and heart rate (HR) and to some extent the EEG K-complex response, and similarly in REM sleep as reflected in the FP measure and to some extent the HR measure, but not in sleep stage 3–4. In Experiment II it was found that conditioned discrimination acquired during wakefulness persisted in sleep stage 4, as reflected in the FP and HR measures, and sleep stage 2, as reflected in the K-complex response, but not in REM sleep. Results are compared to other studies of information processing in sleep. It is concluded that the results appear to indicate differential availability of the mechanisms of long-term memory, short-term memory, and stimulus preprocessing in the various stages of sleep. The authors further noted a bifurcation of the autonomic nervous system in sleep into two discrete effector limbs: electrodermal and cardiovascular.
Trapping Rydberg atoms in an optical lattice.

Rubidium Rydberg atoms are laser excited and subsequently trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice (wavelength 1064 nm). Efficient trapping is achieved by a lattice inversion immediately after laser excitation using an electro-optic technique. The trapping efficiency is probed via analysis of the trap-induced shift of the two-photon microwave transition $50S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}51S$. The inversion technique allows us to reach a trapping efficiency of 90%. The dependence of the efficiency on the timing of the lattice inversion and on the trap laser power is studied. The dwell time of $50{D}_{5/2}$ Rydberg atoms in the lattice is analyzed using lattice-induced photoionization.