cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of an in-school anti-tobacco media campaign in Louisiana.

OBJECTIVES In light of challenges imposed by the changing media landscape and decreasing classroom time available for health interventions, new approaches are needed to disseminate anti-tobacco messages to adolescents. This study reported process evaluation of an in-school three-year anti-tobacco media campaign conducted in 10 schools in Louisiana. METHODS Over three years, 10 schools received an in-school anti-tobacco media campaign. The media campaign was one intervention component of the Acadiana Coalition of Teens against Tobacco. Campaign measures were tracked over the campaign's three-year duration. The campaign and evaluation were designed to target the students as they progressed through high school. The number of students who completed the surveys were 1,823 in Year 1, 1,552 in Year 2, and 1,390 in Year 3. Schools eligible for participation were publicly funded schools with no magnet or special populations and within a two-hour driving distance of the New Orleans study office. RESULTS In a self-report survey (Year 1, n = 1,823; Year 2, n = 1,552; Year 3, n = 1,390), more than 75% and 50% of students reported being exposed to posters and public service announcements, respectively. Recognition of campaign theme was more than 80%. Almost half of respondents reported that the posters were interesting, one-third reported that the posters prevented them from smoking, and 10% reported that the posters encouraged them to cease smoking. Stock media posters had a significantly higher affective reaction than the customized media posters. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that in-school media programs are useful and should be considered as a viable approach to health education for adolescents.
Rhetoric and Dialectic from the Standpoint of Normative Pragmatics

Normative pragmatics can bridge the differences between dialectical and rhetorical theories in a way that saves the central insights of both. Normative pragmatics calls attention to how the manifest strategic design of a message produces interpretive effects and interactional consequences. Argumentative analysis of messages should begin with the manifest persuasive rationale they communicate. But not all persuasive inducements should be treated as arguments. Arguments express with a special pragmatic force propositions where those propositions stand in particular inferential relations to one another. Normative pragmatics provides a framework within which varieties of propositional inference and pragmatic force may be kept straight. Normative pragmatics conceptualizes argumentative effectiveness in a way that integrates notions of rhetorical strategy and rhetorical situation with dialectical norms and procedures for reasonable deliberation. Strategic effectiveness should be seen in terms of maximizing the chances that claims and arguments will be reasonably evaluated, whether or not they are accepted. Procedural rationality should be seen in terms of adjustment to the demands of concrete circumstances. Two types of adjustment are illustrated: rhetorical strategies for framing the conditions for dialectical deliberation and rhetorical strategies for making do with limitations to dialectical deliberation.
A Seven Year Summary of Feeding Cull Market Cows

Nine groups totaling 457 culled market cows were fed high concentrate rations at two locations in SW Iowa to demonstrate the possibilities of finishing for the “White Fat Cow” market. Average profit per head was $16.54 with a range $174.36 to -$91.45. Adjusted final weights ranged from 1484 to 1646 pounds, while average daily gains ranged from 2.88 to 4.55 pounds daily during a 70 to 91 day feeding program. Dry matter feed conversions on a shrunk basis ranged from 8.70 to 12.78 pounds per pound of gain with an average of 10.91. From 78.4 to 98.8 percent of the cows within the fed groups qualified in the “Premium White Fat” grades with an average of 85.5%. Total cost of gain averaged $98.03 with a range of $70.81 to $156.85. Delivery weight had a significant impact on average daily gain, feed cost of gain and total cost of gain; however body condition score had no significant impact on performance traits or cost of gain.
US Diesel Regulations: A Model for All Coal Mines

Diesel engines were introduced in US coal mines 50 years ago and their numbers have steadily increased to more than 5000. The driving force behind this phenomenal growth is the mine safety and productivity. The paper reviews US and other international standards in general but discusses the latest West Virginia diesel regulations in particular. The author served on the WV Diesel Commission for 18 years and wrote the most advanced regulations for diesel exhaust control. All diesel exhausts are controlled including the diesel particulate matter to achieve a concentration of 0.12 mg/m3. An integrated approach that requires clean engines, ultra-low sulfur fuel, a catalytic converter and a filtration system is advocated and demonstrated to achieve the highest standards. Replacement of trolley wire haulage by diesel equipment has improved both safety and productivity in many US coal mines.
Growth Hormone Deficiency and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Insights from Humans and Animals: Pediatric Implications

In addition to its growth promoting role, growth hormone (GH) has a significant effect on intermediary metabolism in the well state. Despite the latter fact, pediatric practitioners are usually focused on the growth promoting aspects of GH as opposed to those metabolic. In recent years various animal and human studies (in adults mainly) and clinical reports in children have repeatedly shown the association of GH deficiency (GHD) and fatty liver disease. Based on this well-identified association, despite a lack of studies involving children, it behooves the pediatric clinician to ensure that not only patients with GHD are appropriately treated but also that adolescents even beyond the period of linear growth should be appropriately transitioned to adult GH therapy should this be appropriate.
The Epidemiology of Medical Diseases and Associated Behavioral Risk Factors

Drastic improvements in public health paired with advancements in medicine have lowered infant mortality and significantly boosted the average life span (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2003). As a result, many of the challenges healthcare professionals face have shifted from the treatment of acute illnesses to a focus on the management and prevention of chronic disease (CDC, 2003, 2013). This is partially due to the fact that outbreaks of deadly communicable diseases have been greatly reduced, such as tuberculosis, small pox, and measles. Simultaneously, increased rates of noncommunicable, chronic conditions, as a result of longer life spans and problematic lifestyles, have led to new areas of foci for healthcare professionals.
Selection of endogenous reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Camelina sativa and identification of FLOWERING LOCUS C allele-specific markers to differentiate summer- and winter-biotypes

Abstract Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis greatly relies on transcript normalization using stably expressed reference genes. This study identifies reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in different organs and vernalized tissues of camelina (Camelina sativa). Nineteen stably expressed candidate reference genes from 22,157 genes were identified by RNAseq analysis of pre- and post-vernalized tissues of a summer- (CO46) and winter- (Joelle) biotype. Two additional candidate reference genes were also selected from orthologs of arabidopsis encoding ACTIN2 (ACT2) and NOT INDUCED BY SCLEROTINIA INFECTION (NIS). We also evaluated the transcript levels of three camelina plant genes, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), and MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 2 (MAF2), which are known to be differentially-regulated in response to cold temperatures. The stability of transcript abundance was ranked using NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and Comparative ΔCT software. EXOCYST COMPLEX COMPONENT SEC3A (SEC3A), UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE (UbOxRed), and RING-U-BOX domains-containing protein (RUB) were the most suitable reference genes for normalization of gene expression in camelina. In this study, SEC3A was used to normalize qRT-PCR expression data obtained using two sets of allele-specific FLC markers to differentiate summer- and winter-biotypes across 30 accessions of camelina.
The Economics of Antibiotic Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Added Cost with No Reduction in Infection Rates.

BACKGROUND To reduce the substantial clinical and financial burden of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), some surgeons advocate for the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), although its effectiveness continues to be debated in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the routine use of ALBC is cost-effective in reducing PJI after primary TKA. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients undergoing cemented primary TKA at two hospitals within our institution from 2015 to 2017. We compared demographics, comorbidities, costs, and PJI rates between patients receiving ALBC and plain cement. We performed a multivariate regression analysis to determine the independent effect of ALBC on PJI rate. We calculated readmission costs for PJI and reduction in PJI needed to justify the added cost of ALBC. RESULTS Of 2511 patients, 1077 underwent TKA with ALBC (43%), with no difference in PJI rates (0.56% vs 0.14%, P = .0662) or complications (1.2% vs 1.6%, P = .3968) but higher cement costs ($416 vs $117, P < .0001) and overall procedure costs ($6445 vs $5.968, P < .0001). ALBC had no effect on infection rate (P = .0894). Patients readmitted with PJI had higher overall 90-day episode-of-care claims costs ($49,341 vs $19,032, P < .001). To justify additional costs, ALBC would need to prevent infection in one of every 101 patients. CONCLUSION Routine use of ALBC in primary TKA is not cost-effective, adding $299 to the cost of episode of care without a reduction in PJI rate. Further study is needed to determine whether select use of ALBC would be justified in high-risk patients.
Editor’s introduction: Innovative dynamical approaches to cognitive systems

Abstract This Editor’s Introduction to the Cognitive Systems Research special issue, “Innovative Dynamical Approaches to Cognitive Systems,” has three aims: First, the background and motivation for the topic are stated. Second, overviews of the contributing papers are presented. Third, based on the papers, speculations on future directions in dynamical approaches to the investigation of cognitive systems are presented. Here, the focus is on concepts, data analysis methods, and computational modeling.
The Paranoid Style and the Rise of Fake News in American Politics

In 1964, Richard Hofstadter authored The Paranoid Style in American Politics. Fifty-five years later in an era now littered with “fake news” websites and conspiracy theories that can spread rapidly over the Internet, Hofstadter’s work warrants revisiting. In this paper, I draw on the concept of the “paranoid style,” but with a quantitative twist. Psychologists Allan Fenigstein and Peter Vanable (1992) developed a survey instrument to assess paranoid thought. Using data from a survey that combines the Fenigstein and Vanable paranoia instrument with questions about present-day political conspiracies and fake news stories, my research asks: Is there a relationship between paranoia and one’s willingness to accept or deny established political facts? I hypothesize that in today’s sometimes confusing information environment, paranoia plays a significant role in understanding why some Americans are more susceptible than others to believing misinformation popularized through fake news websites. The results confirm my expectations.
Novel mouse glioma model using Cre-inducible lentiviral vectors reveals the broad existence of brain tumor stem/initiating cells in GBMs.

5723 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a catastrophic disease due to its strong resistance to existing treatments. However our knowledge regarding the mechanism of its rise and progression is far from sufficient. Undoubtedly mouse models of gliomas are one of the most powerful tools to uncover this deadly disease. We report a novel mouse glioma model by the cell type/region specific gene transfer in adult mice using Cre inducible lentiviral vectors (pTomo) which can express the activated form of an oncogene in addition to GFP. About 40 % of the GFAP-Cre mice (8-16 weeks old) injected with pTomo H-Ras and pTomo AKT into the right hippocampus showed the formation of glioma-like tumors. They showed increased cellular density, necrosis and an infiltrative character, however they lacked some histological characters for GBMs such as high mitotic activity, nuclear pleomorphism and giant cell formation. In contrast, 100 % of the GFAP-Cre/p53+/- mice injected with pTomo H-Ras and pTomo AKT into the right hippocampus showed the formation of tumors having all the histological characters for GBMs with a shorter latency (005 tumor). Given that p53 mutation is thought to be related to the malignant transformation of low grade gliomas, this glioma model may be able to recapitulate human GBMs. In those tumors, about 90 % of the cells were GFP positive, indicating that most of the tumor cells arose from the cells which had been infected with the lentiviral vectors. Surprisingly, these GFP positive tumor cells became GFAP negative and Nestin positive. Furthermore, these GFP positive tumor cells could form neurosphere-like structures, although they did not differentiate in response to various stimuli. Unexpectedly, implantation of only 100 GFP positive cells isolated from 005 tumor body in NOD-SCID mice resulted in the generation of a tumor similar to their original one. These results indicate that GFP positive cells derived from the tumor induced by the activation of H-Ras and AKT in GFAP-Cre/p53+/- mice are functionally involved in brain tumor stem/initiating cells. GFP positive tumor cells have been found throughout the tumor, therefore brain tumor stem/initiating cells may exist in broad areas of the tumor. This broad existence and large numbers of those cells in GBMs may make the tumor resistant to different therapeutic approaches.
Regulation of translation by the 3' untranslated region of barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV RNA

Eukaryotic translation initiation is an important step for gene expression. This process is stimulated by the interaction of 5' cap and 3' poly (A) tail mediated by trans-^c\mg factors. Positive sense viral RNA can differ from the cellular mRNA by lacking either a 5' cap, or 3' poly(A) tail or both. Therefore, various strategies have evolved by the RNA viruses to achieve efficient translation. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV serotype (BYDVPAV) lacks both a 5' cap and 3' poly(A) tail. I found that a sequence (called 3'TE for 3' translation enhancer) at the 3'UTR of barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV serotype (BYDVPAV) genome stimulates translation of uncapped mRNA in the presence of 5'UTR of genomic RNA both in wheat germ extract and in oat protoplasts. The function of the 3'TE can be also supported by the 5'UTR of subgenomic RNAl. A four base duplication (GAUC) in the 3'TE region abolished the stimulatory effect of the 3'TE. There is no difference in mRNA stability between mRNAs bearing wildtype 3'TE and those bearing the defective 3'TE. Capping of the mRNA with the defective or without the 3'TE restored its translatability. Moreover, the four base duplication in the 3'TE eliminated virus infection. In trans, the 3'TE RNA can inhibit translation of both uncapped mRNA containing 3'TE and capped mRNA that lacks any BYDV-PAV sequences. This rra/w-inhibition of translation can be reversed by the addition of exogenous eIF-4F (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F). The importance of the 3' TE to stimulate translation of uncapped mRNA is also illustrated by the fact that the antisense RNA of 3'TE can inhibit the translation. Judged by tiie inhibitory effect of antisense RNA of the 3'TE on the translation of uncapped mRNA, it is found the 5' end of BYDV-PAV virion RNA is not capped. The 3'TE RNA mimics the function of the subgenomic RNA2 in tiranslation inhibition in trans. The 3'TE RNA or subgenomic RNA2 of BYDV-PAV rroTW-inhibits translation of genomic RNA more significantiy than tiiey inhibit subgenomic RNAl. A model of the 3'TE function during
Patient Perspectives on Telepsychiatry on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hospitals have eliminated many in-person interactions and established new protocols to stem the spread of COVID-19. Inpatient psychiatric units face unique challenges, as patients cannot be isolated in their rooms and are at times unable to practice social distancing measures. Many institutions have experimented with providing some psychiatric services remotely to reduce the number of people physically present on the wards and decrease the risk of disease transmission. This case report presents 2 patient perspectives on receiving psychiatric care via videoconferencing while on the inpatient unit of a large academic tertiary care hospital. One patient identified some benefits to virtual treatment while the second found the experience impersonal; both were satisfied with the overall quality of care they received and were stable 2 weeks after discharge. These cases demonstrate that effective care can be provided remotely even to severely ill psychiatric patients who require hospitalization.
Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) causes about 17 million deaths annually, and is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and worldwide, accounting for over 30% of all deaths globally. Diagnosis and delineation of effective non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are key to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (‘primary prevention’) and of the risk factors themselves (‘primordial prevention’). To that end, we focus on four entities in the following chapter: Lifestyle Recommendations, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Lipoprotein Disorders [1].
Risk of Silent Myocardial Infarction in Prediabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study in a Veteran Population.

Objectives In the management of cardiovascular disease, it is important to identify patients at risk early on, to provide interventions to prevent the disease and its complications. The goal of our study was to investigate the association between glucose levels and silent myocardial infarction (SMI) among patients, who consisted of veterans within the Veterans Affairs clinical system. Methods Among the group of patients with an initially normal electrocardiogram, a cohort of patients with a subsequent diagnosis of SMI was selected as the case cohort, whereas 4 patients for each study subject, without evidence of coronary artery disease and normal electrocardiogram within the previous 6 months, were identified and constituted the control cohort. We conducted an adjusted logistic regression model using the stepwise function to assess the association between glucose level and SMI. Results Of the 540 patients included in the study, 108 (20.0%) with an SMI diagnosis made up the case cohort. We observed that as compared with those who had normal levels of glucose, those who were prediabetic were 3.99 times as likely (95% confidence interval 1.48-12.85) to have SMI, whereas the diabetic patients were 3.80 times as likely (95% confidence interval 1.39-12.38) to experience SMI. Conclusions SMIs have been shown to be predictive of subsequent cardiovascular events, including another MI and death, and that indicates the importance of identifying a group at high risk for a SMI. As such, our findings could be extremely beneficial for targeted intervention toward prediabetics and to improve health outcomes in the entire population.
Acute Necrotizing Myositis in Systemic Lupus Erythematous (4816)

Objective: * Background: Necrotizing autoimmune myopathies (NAM) are typically a subacute course with symmetric and proximal weakness described in the upper and lower extremities. CKs are often elevated in the thousands and two antibodies are isolated in seropositive cases: Anti-HMGCR and anti-SRP. Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) has been previously associated with overlap syndrome but has only been described in a single case report of necrotizing myopathy though antibody status was not confirmed. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman with nascent SLE with severe and acute nephritis and myocarditis who developed a proximal necrotizing myopathy. Design/Methods: Case Report Results: 21-year-old woman with no past medical history was admitted to the hospital with acute gastritis. Over a several week period, she developed nephritis requiring frequent dialysis, myocarditis and cerebritis necessitating aggressive immunotherapy including rituximab, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. Serology revealed elevated anti-double stranded DNA antibodies and other autoimmune markers meeting criteria for SLE. On her 26th day of admission, she developed weakness in all extremities and mild pain/tenderness in her shoulders/calves. Exam was notable for symmetric, proximal upper and lower extremity weakness with preserved sensation and reduced reflexes globally. CKs were first noted as normal on admission but were seen as high as 3042 after weakness began. MRI of the femur revealed inflammatory changes. Quadriceps muscle biopsy demonstrated florid myophagocytosis with absence of inflammatory cells and connective tissue invasion. There were no biopsy findings to support a hydroxychloroquine myopathy. Antibody testing demonstrated a negative myositis panel and anti-SRP antibodies. Her anti-HMGCR is pending. Her weakness improved and CKs normalized within seven days of treatment with IVIG and steroids. Conclusions: This case represents a rare, biopsy proven NAM induced by SLE without meeting criteria for overlap myositis. These findings suggest that SLE be considered as a possible etiology for NAM cases. Disclosure: Dr. Cauchi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Perez-Rosendahl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mozaffar has nothing to disclose.
Manifestations of the Place of poetry, s Alsary Alrafaa

يمثل المكان في الأدب - لاسيما الشعر –عنصرا مهما من عناصر التجربة الأدبية، فالعمل الأدبي حين يفقد مكانيته، فهو يفقد خصوصيته، وبالتالي أصالته، و يتشكل المكان في الشعر من خلال اللغة الشعرية التي تمتلك بدورها طبيعة مزدوجة ، فلها بعد مادي فيزيائي يربط بين الألفاظ وأصولها الحسية، ولها نظام من العلاقات التي تعتمد على التجريد الذهني والبعد التخييلي. وقد كان المكان يمثل خصوصية عند الشاعر العربي السري الرفاء تأخذ أبعادها من حياته الشخصية التي شهدت أحداثا ووقائع وتقلبات كثيرة، إذ انطلق من الموصل تلك المدينة المجلله بالعظمة والجمال، والمكللة بمفاتن الطبيعة الخلابة، حاملا راية شعره الذي ينبض رقة وعذوبة، والمفعم بالعاطفة الصادقة الممزوجة بمعاناته وآلامه، وبأفراحه وأحلامه، ليواجه زمنا تكاثرت فيه الأحداث المتناقضة، فعاش تقلباتها مترجما ذلك في شعره الذي مثل صورة لحياته بكل تفاصيلها وجزئياتها ، لذلك فقد وقع الاختيار عليه ليكون مادة هذا البحث الذي يحاول استجلاء دلالات المكان في شعره، من خلال منهج تحليلي يستنطق النصوص الشعرية عبر مختلف أدوات التحليل سعيا إلى الوقوف على سمات النصوص الشعرية بأبعادها الفنية والدلالية ، معتمدين في ذلك على منهج يعتمد الجانب الهندسي أساسا له ويتمثل بثنائية ( المفتوح والمغلق ) ، كونها ثنائية ذات معيار موضوعي تحاول ان تستوعب الأمكنة بمختلف أنواعها وأنماطها. وعلى وفق ذلك فقد انقسم البحث على مبحثين : المبحث الأول: (الأماكن المفتوحة) والمبحث الثاني: (الأماكن المغلقة).
Tribute to David Jonassen, Curators’ Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Missouri

Dr. David Jonassen had a very distinct sense of personal responsibility. His independence and self-reliant attitude came naturally from his upbringing in southern Indiana. The personal drive and energy he exuded likely derived from his desire to be physically active and his passion for mountain climbing. Jonassen once said, “There’s something spiritual about going up a mountain.” This sentiment was certainly evident in the personal and professional life that he lived and the legacy he leaves behind.
Computational Modeling of Oxygen Transport from Complex Capillary Networks

Microvascular networks, even in skeletal muscle, are highly complex structures, and their function in oxygen transport remains to be addressed completely. In order to do this, a combination of detailed experiments and biophysically-detailed modeling is needed. In the past ten years, there have been several computational studies of the role of non-uniform geometry in oxygen transport in skeletal muscle. Models that allow a significant degree of geometric realism include those of Groebe (1990), Secomb and Hsu (1994), and Hoofd and Turek (1996). To continue investigating the role of physiologically realistic complexity, we have developed a computational model that is general enough to directly utilize detailed geometric, biophysical, and hemodynamic data in oxygen transport calculations.
Sequence-Defined Scaffolding of Peptides on Nucleic Acid Polymers.

We have developed a method for the T4 DNA ligase-catalyzed DNA-templated polymerization of 5′-phosphorylated pentanucleotides containing peptide fragments. The polymerization proceeds sequence-specifically to generate DNA-scaffolded peptides in excellent yields. The method has been shown to tolerate peptides ranging from two to eight amino acids in length with a wide variety of functionality. We validated the capabilities of this system in a mock selection for the enrichment of a His-tagged DNA-scaffolded peptide phenotype from a library, which exhibited a 190-fold enrichment after one round of selection. This strategy demonstrates a promising new approach to allowing the generation and in vitro selection of high-affinity reagents based upon single-stranded DNA scaffolding of peptide fragments.
GHz on-silicon-wafer probing calibration methods

Three calibration/correction techniques for on-silicon-wafer S-parameter measurements to 18 GHz were assessed by comparing calibration standards on sapphire and silicon. The effect of these techniques was evaluated by measuring large and small devices, connected to large and small pads. Equivalent circuit models for the calibration standards on silicon are presented. In addition, a new technique for on-wafer S-parameter measurements of backside collector devices is presented. >
Cellular Ascorbate Depletion in Healthy Men

To clarify the relationship of plasma ascorbic acid to cellular ascorbic acid levels, we determined plasma, lymphocyte, buccal cell and semen ascorbic acid in eight healthy men consuming controlled ascorbic acid intakes of 5, 10, 20, 60 or 250 mg/d over 13 wk while living in a metabolic unit. Levels of ascorbic acid in all four specimen types were significantly lower during the three lowest intakes (5, 10, or 20 mg/d) compared with the 60 or 250 mg/d intakes, but only plasma and lymphocyte ascorbic acid levels discriminated between these intakes unequivocally and with no overlap. Priority for maintenance of intracellular lymphocyte ascorbic acid was indicated by rapid repletion of lymphocytes compared with plasma and semen at 60 mg/d intake. Strong correlations of plasma with lymphocyte ascorbic acid within individuals indicated that plasma levels would reliably reflect low lymphocyte levels in nutrition monitoring surveys. Buccal cell ascorbic acid may be useful as a noninvasive screening test for ascorbic acid deficiency. Semen and sperm qualities were unchanged despite an average decline in semen ascorbic acid to 24% of baseline. Short-term ascorbic acid depletion in healthy men did not adversely affect sperm qualities related to fertility nor did moderate supplementation improve them.
Evaluation of Active Cap Materials for Metal Retention in Sediments

This study evaluated chemically active amendments used to construct active caps for remediating contaminated sediments. Three experiments assessed the effects of apatite, organoclay, zeolite, and biopolymers (chitosan and xanthan) on metal mobility, retention, and speciation. The first showed that the amendments individually and in mixtures (2 percent dry weight) reduced the concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb in water extracts from reduced sediment. The second experiment, which used sequential extraction procedures to evaluate the effects of the amendments on metal speciation, showed that the amendments reduced the potentially mobile fractions of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cd that are likely to be bioavailable. Last, column studies showed that active caps composed of the amendments prevented the diffusive transport of metals from contaminated sediment over six months. In addition, there was a “zone of influence” beneath the caps in which water extractable concentrations of metals declined substantially compared with untreated sediment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Politics of Defining and Building Equity in the Twenty-First Century

This research interrogates the meaning of equity in the twenty-first century and analyzes how residents’ ideas about the meaning of equity reflect different material and political agendas, divided between neoliberal and redistributive approaches to redevelopment. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in three neighborhoods in post-Katrina New Orleans, this research compares residents’ conceptualizations of equity and argues that the meaning of equity itself varies significantly across different groups in the city and that these varying definitions of equity promote different outcomes in planning. This research offers grounded approaches to equity planning in unequal urban settings.
McNeill, Coln and Larivee receive Lewis Winner outstanding paper award at ISSCC 2006

John McNeill, Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Worcester Poly technic Institute (WPI) and Michael Coln and Brian Larivee of Analog Devices (ADI) received the Lewis Winner Award at the 2006 ISSCC for their 2005 ISSCC paper “A split-ADC architecture for deterministic digital background calibration of a 16b 1 MS/s ADC.”
A life-span, relational, public health model of self-regulation: impact on individual and community health.

In this chapter, the authors extend the ideas around the development of self-regulation and its impact on development by proposing a life-span, relational, public health model. They propose that the role of self-regulation should be understood across transitions from childhood to adulthood and through an individual and community perspective, including the relational process between the individual, the community, and contextual factors, such as the social determinants of health. These contextual factors may mediate or moderate the development of self-regulatory capacity across one's life span, influencing both individual and community health. Therefore, to ensure proper self-regulatory development, we must address the myriad external factors that undermine the development of self-regulation across the life span. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EGF receptor binding studies in endometrial cell culture.

Abstract Guinea pig endometrial cells were isolated and maintained in cell culture. Our investigation of these cultures for the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding activity demonstrated that these cells possess EGF receptors. Upon the addition of EGF to growing cell cultures, an increase in the rate of cell growth resulted along with a higher saturation density. The binding of EGF to these cells is saturable at 40–50 ng/ml., and the receptors demonstrate “down-regulation” in response to hormonal challenge at 37°C.
Performance analysis of the cellular manufacturing systems: a decision support tool

Abstract This paper presents results of a study dealing with the design of cellular manufacturing systems using mathematical modelling techniques. A background study was performed to select the best factors used for performance analysis. The selected design methodologies are applied to a numerical example and results are evaluated using quantitative measures of performance. The result of this analysis can assist the decision maker in selecting the best method for manufacturing cell design.
Receptor-Mediated Calcium Influx in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Alcian blue acts as a secretagogue and chemorepellent in a variety of unicellular eukaryotes. We report that alcian blue stimulates flagellar excision and induction of RNA encoding flagellar proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Flagellar excision by alcian blue is dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ and is blocked by La 3+ , ruthenium red, and neomycin, and so is similar to flagellar excision by acid shock. However, the adf-1 mutant excises its flagella following alcian blue treatment, but not following acid shock, thus genetically distinguishing alcian-blue-induced excision from acid-shock-induced excision. Wild-type, but not adf-1, cells regrow their flagella in the continued presence of alcian blue. Wild-type cells that regrow flagella in the presence of alcian blue fail to excise their flagella in response to either increased concentrations of alcian blue or to acid shock. Alcian blue treatment of cells also induces RNA encoding flagellar components, but in a manner distinct from other means of stimulation. These results suggest that treating Chlamydomonas with the secretagogue alcian blue initiates a Ca 2+ influx pathway and that prolonged treatment with alcian blue desensitizes the acid-shock-activated Ca 2+ influx pathway to acid treatment. Alcian blue will thus be a useful excitatory ligand in future studies of receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signaling in the Chlamydomonas flagellar regeneration system.
Mass Spectrometric Methods for Determination of the Structure of Peptides and Proteins

Mass spectrometry (MS) has long been known as a sensitive method of characterizing compounds that are small, thermally stable, and sufficiently volatile to be vaporized into the vacuum system of the spectrometer. It was not, however, until the early 1980s that the method became applicable to large, polar molecules, with the development by Barber et al. (1981) of fast-atom-bombardment (FAB) ionization. This ionization method produces protonated molecules, (M + H)+, by bombarding a solution of the compound of interest (M)+, in a suitable liquid of very low vapor pressure, such as glycerol, with neutral atoms (or ions) of kilovolt kinetic energy.
Alcohol Use, Psychopathology, and Treatment Utilization in a University Mental Health Clinic.

In the general population, alcohol use disorders and psychiatric disorders co-occur. Despite ample evidence of the adverse effects of alcohol use on treatment outcomes, these relationships have not been examined among college students presenting at counseling centers. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hazardous drinking among students receiving counseling at a university counseling center and to examine relationships between alcohol use, symptomatology, and treatment utilization. Participants were 214 students who had terminated therapy within a 3-year period. Intake assessments of alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were harvested from client files. Analyses indicated that 33% of the sample screened positive for hazardous alcohol use. Findings provided preliminary evidence that hazardous drinking is negatively related to both mental health and treatment utilization in university clinics. In light of this association, coupled with high base rates of risky alcohol...
A prototype setup to integrate the physical environment into mobile remote collaboration

In the accompanying paper [1], we describe a framework and prototype implementation for unobtrusive mobile remote collaboration on tasks that involve the physical environment. Our system uses model-free, markerless visual tracking to facilitate decoupled, live updated views of the environment and world-stabilized annotations while supporting a moving camera and unknown, unprepared environments. We conducted a user study with 48 participants to evaluate our concept. In this demo, we will present our system prototype and the setup used in the user study: a remote expert instructs a local user to operate a mock-up airplane. Users will be able to try out our interface as well as the two interfaces used as baseline in the study.
Evaluation of the aerodynamic control of the Space Shuttle orbiter and tip-fin controllers

A feasibility study to assess the benefits/penalties of installing tip-fin controllers on the Space Shuttle orbiter has been conducted. The results from the aerodynamic and stability and control assessment of this study are presented. These results show that using tip-fin controllers with the centerline vertical tail removed provides adequate control for entry. The orbiter basic maneuvering capability is maintained, and symmetrical deflection of the controllers provides adequate speedbrake authority for energy management. Gust analyses of the orbiter with the tip-fin controller configuration have demonstrated no compromise of existing cross-wind landing capability. Six-degree-of-freedom simulations have shown the tip-fin controllers can provide adequate control for entry with no degradation in vehicle capability.
Antiarrhythmic properties of Tris (hydroxymethyl aminomethane).

Abstract The cardiac electrophysiologic effects of regular 0.3M Tris, which alkalinized the blood, and 0.3M Tris which had been previously titrated to pH 7.5 and caused no increase of arterial pH were studied. Intracardiac conduction and excitability were measured in the intact hearts of awake dogs with chronically implanted recording and stimulating electrodes. Both forms of Tris enhanced conduction through the A-V node but slowed conduction in Purkinje tissue and ventricular muscle. The excitability and the fibrillation thresholds of ventricular muscle were increased after infusions of either Tris or buffered Tris. These changes were similar in magnitude and direction to those observed in other studies after the administration of quinidine. Both regular Tris and buffered Tris abolished the ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by ouabain intoxication. These studies indicate that Tris exerts an action on cardiac tissues which is similar to other more commonly employed antiarrhythmic agents. The electrophysiologic actions of Tris are not dependent on changes of arterial pH. The availability of a compound (Tris) that is both a positive inotropic and antiarrhythmic agent offers many potential advantages for the treatment of patients with depressed ventricular function and serious arrhythmias.
Genome-enabled transcriptomics reveals archaeal populations that drive nitrification in a deep-sea hydrothermal plume

Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) are among the most abundant microorganisms in the oceans and have crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and carbon. To better understand AOA inhabiting the deep sea, we obtained community genomic and transcriptomic data from ammonium-rich hydrothermal plumes in the Guaymas Basin (GB) and from surrounding deep waters of the Gulf of California. Among the most abundant and active lineages in the sequence data were marine group I (MGI) Archaea related to the cultured autotrophic ammonia-oxidizer, Nitrosopumilus maritimus. Assembly of MGI genomic fragments yielded 2.9 Mb of sequence containing seven 16S rRNA genes (95.4–98.4% similar to N. maritimus), including two near-complete genomes and several lower-abundance variants. Equal copy numbers of MGI 16S rRNA genes and ammonia monooxygenase genes and transcription of ammonia oxidation genes indicates that all of these genotypes actively oxidize ammonia. De novo genomic assembly revealed the functional potential of MGI populations and enhanced interpretation of metatranscriptomic data. Physiological distinction from N. maritimus is evident in the transcription of novel genes, including genes for urea utilization, suggesting an alternative source of ammonia. We were also able to determine which genotypes are most active in the plume. Transcripts involved in nitrification were more prominent in the plume and were among the most abundant transcripts in the community. These unique data sets reveal populations of deep-sea AOA thriving in the ammonium-rich GB that are related to surface types, but with key genomic and physiological differences.
The Use of Deformation Rates in the Scale-Up of Polyethylene Blown Film Extrusion

It is often desirable to scale up a process from a lab scale system, where most research occurs, to a large scale industrial system with minimal ex penses of time and money. This work will show tha...
The clinical implications of Doppler ultrasound analysis of the uterine and umbilical arteries.

Abstract Serial Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical and uterine arteries has revealed a relatively clear separation between normal and abnormal waveforms. Abnormal umbilical artery waveforms are defined by a systolic/diastolic ratio ≥3 in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. When abnormal waveforms persist, fetal growth retardation and adverse perinatal outcome are likely. Abnormal uterine artery waveforms are also recognized by a systolic/diastolic ratio averaged from both vessels of more than 2.6 after 26 weeks. In addition, the abnormal vessel will usually contain a persistent diastolic notching. Abnormal uterine vessels strongly correlate with the presence or subsequent development of preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation. Doppler velocity flow provides valuable insights into the pathophysiology of various disease states. It provides a basis for new clinical and basic research into disease mechanisms and methods for improving perinatal and maternal morbidity.
Effect of buoyancy on forced convection in a cusped duct

ABSTRACT In the event of a loss of coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor, swelling of the fuel rod cladding will lead to reduction of the subchannel flow area and worsening of the core heat transfer in the region of the blockage. The four-cusped duct is an ideal geometry for the simulation of such a channel blockage. Understanding the characteristics of flow and heat transfer in the cusped duct is essential for better design of the emergency core cooling system. Thus, in this paper, combined natural and forced convection in a vertical cusped duct has been investigated in the region of both hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow. The thermal boundary condition imposed on the cusped duct is the axial uniform heat flux with peripheral uniform temperature. The results indicate that the fluid flow and heal transfer in the comer region of the cusped duct are improved because of the influence of natural convection. As the Rayleigh number increases, the friction factor and Nusselt number in...
Response of muscle spindles to stimulation of the sympathetic trunk.

Abstract Examination was made for influence of sympathetic innervation on the discharge of receptors of otherwise de-efferented muscle. Firing of units in the cat's gastrocnemius was monitored in filaments of dorsal roots while repetitive electrical stimuli were given to the distal stump of one lumbar sympathetic trunk. A characteristic response, consisting of a delayed and gradual acceleration followed by more or less abrupt cessation of firing, was found from both spindle and tendon organ afferents. Blood flow through the leg was markedly reduced during stimulation. This observation and the failure of the full effect to appear when vasoconstriction was blocked, as well as the similarity of the effect to that obtained on the same afferent during compression of the arterial supply, suggest that the response arose mainly as the indirect result of vasoconstriction. Masked by the full response, there may also be a lesser acceleratory effect which was revealed by sympathetic stimulation in the cat under the influence of the adrenergic blocking agent phenoxybenzamine and which was reproduced in some animals by small intra-arterial injections of epinephrine. Slowness in onset of this acceleration following sympathetic stimulation suggests that humoral sensitization of the peripheral endings was the cause, rather than direct motor innervation of intrafusal fibers.
On the Margins: Therapeutic Massage, Physical Education and Physical Therapy Defining a Profession

The American physical therapy profession emerged during and following the First World War as a result of the need for trained providers of therapeutic exercise – who practised under the supervision of a physician – for the rehabilitation of injured soldiers. Most of these pioneer physical therapists came to the profession with a background in corrective exercise developed in women's physical education programmes at a variety of colleges and universities throughout the country. A number of scholars have examined the therapeutic exercise components of physical education that migrated their way into physical therapy practice but less focus has been placed on the use of massage as a therapeutic tool in physical therapy's earliest years. Recently, Danish historian Per Jorgensen began to analyse the connections among massage practice, physical therapy and chiropractic in Denmark from 1900 to 1930. My central question focuses on an analysis of how the practice of massage was used in physical therapy, and the way...
Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cerebral Hemodynamics Measured by Diffuse Correlation & Optical Spectroscopies

Diffuse optical and correlation spectroscopies were employed to determine oxygenation and blood flow changes before/during/after 20-minutes of transcranial magnetic stimulation. A localized increase in oxygenation and CBF on the ipsilateral side of stimulation is found.
Current trends in peripheral vascular surgery. When is surgical intervention the best option

Surgery continues to play an important role in the management of peripheral vascular disease. Revascularization procedures provide excellent outcomes for many patients at risk for loss of a limb or seriously impaired quality of life. Although endovascular techniques are now being used for managing many vascular problems, the traditional surgical approaches still offer well-documented benefits.
Childhood Emotional Abuse and Associated Psychopathology in College Students

Abstract College students completed questionnaires regarding their abuse history and their current psychological functioning (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised). It was found that emotional abuse in childhood, even with no other type of abuse present, was significantly related to long-term negative consequences for these students. Survivors of childhood emotional abuse were significantly more depressed than subjects reporting no childhood abuse. Additionally, survivors reported significantly more general psychopathological symptoms than those who did not report childhood abuse experiences. Implications for the treatment of abused college students are discussed.
Experimental Investigation of Spark-Ignited Combustion with High-Octane Biofuels and EGR. 1. Engine Load Range and Downsize Downspeed Opportunity

The present study experimentally investigates spark-ignited combustion with 87 AKI E0 gasoline in its neat form and in midlevel alcohol–gasoline blends with 24% vol/vol isobutanol–gasoline (IB24) and 30% vol/vol ethanol–gasoline (E30). A single-cylinder research engine was used with an 11.85:1 compression ratio, hydraulically actuated valves, laboratory intake air, and was capable of external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Experiments were conducted with all fuels to full-load conditions with λ = 1, using both 0% and 15% external cooled EGR. Higher octane number biofuel blends exhibited increased stoichiometric torque capability at this compression ratio, where the unique properties of ethanol enabled a doubling of the stoichiometric torque capability with E30 as compared to 87 AKI, up to 20 bar IMEPg (indicated mean effective pressure gross) at λ = 1. EGR provided thermodynamic advantages and was a key enabler for increasing engine efficiency for all fuel types. However, with E30, EGR was less useful f...