cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atom probe tomography applied to the analysis of irradiated microstructures

With its particular ability to image solute clusters in three dimensions and impurity segregation to selected interfaces and grain boundaries, atom probe tomography has provided unique insight into the effects of irradiation on materials microstructures. This article reviews the contribution of atom probe tomography to our understanding of behaviors and responses of structural materials under irradiation. Possible atom probe tomography based approaches and common data analysis methods to analyze the microstructural features often observed in irradiated materials are described. In particular, the analysis of solute clustering, solute segregation, and void imaging are discussed in the context of radiation-induced hardening of austenitic steels and reactor pressure vessel steels, and the development of oxide dispersion strengthened steels, radiation-induced solute segregation to grain boundaries for stress corrosion cracking or corrosion issues, and to understand the swelling response of irradiated materials. While highlighting the unique information that atom probe tomography can offer, common limitations, current challenges, and outstanding technical questions regarding data analysis and interpretation are also presented.
A dosimetric analysis of unstranded seeds versus customized stranded seeds in transperineal interstitial permanent prostate seed brachytherapy

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the dosimetric and toxicity results from 272 patients with localized prostate cancer treated consecutively using loose or stranded radioactive seeds by transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal permanent prostate seed brachytherapy. Methods and materials Two hundred seventy-two patients with localized prostate cancer treated between February 2002 and June 2004 were analyzed. All patients were treated with radioactive iodine-125 or palladium-103 using unstranded or loose seeds (USS) (159 patients) or customized stranded seeds (CSS) at variable spacing (5–50 mm) (113 patients) (Vari-Strand™; BrachySciences, Oxford, CT). A single experienced brachytherapist performed all implants. Results There was a slight improvement in the dosimetric parameter D 90 between the CSS (101.9%) and USS (99.3%) groups ( p = 0.041). However, overall implant quality based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines was similar between both groups. Conclusions We conclude that the D 90 value calculated for CSS is statistically improved when compared to the USS cohort, but without a clinically significant difference. There was no difference in the toxicity scores in either group. Overall quality between groups is comparable in our institution.
Compositional stability of approximately symmetric systems: Initial results

This paper considers nonlinear control systems that are approximately symmetric, and extends some prior work of the author related to stability of symmetric systems to the case where the system is not exactly symmetric. Many engineering systems are composed of components that are nominally identical, but due inherent variability in physical systems, can not be exactly symmetric. By exploiting the baseline symmetric structure of the system and constraining the deviations from exact symmetry, stability results are derived that are independent of the number of components in the system. This paper specifically focuses on the application of LaSalle's Invariance Principle to approximately symmetric systems, which has broad applicability. The main utility of the stability result is one of scalability or compositionality because the main result shows that if the system is stable for a given number of components, under appropriate conditions, stability is then guaranteed for a larger system composed of the same type of components which are interconnected in a manner consistent with the smaller system.
Interdomain B in ZAP-70 Regulates but Is Not Required for ZAP-70 Signaling Function in Lymphocytes

The protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 plays an important role in T-cell activation and development. After T-cell receptor stimulation, ZAP-70 associates with the receptor and is phosphorylated on many tyrosines, including Y292, Y315, and Y319 within interdomain B. Previously, we demonstrated that Y292 negatively regulates ZAP-70 function and that Y315 positively regulates ZAP-70 function by interacting with Vav. Recent studies have suggested that Y319 also positively regulate ZAP-70 function. Paradoxically, removal of interdomain B (to create the construct designated Δ), containing the Y292, Y315, and Y319 sites, did not eliminate the ability of ZAP-70 to induce multiple gene reporters in Syk-deficient DT-40 B cells and ZAP-70/Syk-deficient Jurkat cells. Here we show that Δ still utilizes the same pathways as wild-type ZAP-70 to mediate NF-AT induction. This is manifested by the ability of Δ to restore induction of calcium fluxes and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and by the ability of dominant negative Ras and FK506 to block the induction of NF-AT activity mediated by Δ. Biochemically we show that the stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav, Shc, and ZAP-70 itself is diminished, whereas that of Slp-76 is increased in cells reconstituted with Δ. Deletion of interdomain B did not affect the ability of ZAP-70 to bind to the receptor. The in vitro kinase activity of ZAP-70 lacking interdomain B was markedly reduced, but the kinase activity was still required for the protein’s in vivo activity. Based on these data, we concluded that interdomain B regulates but is not required for ZAP-70 signaling function leading to cellular responses.
A rare case of HITTS following prophylactic LMWH therapy in a blunt trauma victim

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a welldocumented relatively common complication of unfractionated heparin therapy. HIT secondary to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy is a rare phenomenon, estimated at <0.5%. In North America, LMWH is widely used for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) at many trauma centres. This seemingly benign therapy is however, not without risk of significant complications. To illustrate this point, we report a rare case of heparin induced thrombocytopaenia with thrombosis syndrome (HITTS) in a blunt multi-system trauma victim secondary to prophylactic LMWH therapy. The patient suffered extremity arterial and venous thrombosis with associated tissue loss and adrenal infarction with adrenal insufficiency.
Radial versus raster spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scan patterns for detection of macular fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Background/aims To compare the 12-line radial to the 25-line raster spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) acquisition patterns at detecting intraretinal or subretinal fluid in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 200 eyes with neovascular AMD. Sequential 12-line radial and 25-line raster scans were evaluated for the presence of intraretinal/subretinal fluid. Results A total of 394 SD-OCT scans were interpreted (1.97 scans per eye). The 12-line radial detected intraretinal/subretinal fluid in all but 7 of 394 scans (1.7%; 95% CI 0.7% to 3.6%), resulting in a sensitivity of 98.3%. The 25-line raster detected intraretinal/subretinal fluid in all but 10 of 394 scans (2.5%; 95% CI 1.2% to 4.6%), resulting in a sensitivity of 97.5%. This small difference in fluid detection between the two acquisition patterns for neovascular AMD was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.6276). Conclusions The 12-line radial scan is statistically comparable with the 25-line raster scan in detecting the presence of intraretinal/subretinal fluid in neovascular AMD. The 12-line radial SD-OCT pattern alone may be adequate to guide day-to-day clinical decisions in a more time-efficient manner.
Identifying Optimal Composite Services by Decomposing the Service Composition Problem

For a Web service composition to satisfy a user's needs, it must not only provide the desired functionality, but also have nonfunctional properties (e.g., reliability, availability, cost) that are acceptable to the user. In the recent past, several techniques have been developed and deployed to identify a composite service that conforms to the functional requirements and is also optimal with respect to the user-defined preferences over non-functional properties. However, these composition techniques are limited to using one formalism for specifying the required functionality, in short, the existing techniques cannot identify optimal (w.r.t. non-functional properties) composite services that are required to satisfy functional requirements described in multiple formalisms. We have previously proposed a meta-framework for service composition that involves decomposing the required functionality into a boolean combination of atomic requirements, which are expressed using different formalisms. This meta-framework supports the use of multiple formalisms and their corresponding composition algorithms within a single scenario. In this paper, we integrate support for unconditional preferences over nonfunctional requirements into this composition meta-framework. We show that for a large class of problems, local selection of preferred service(s) can yield the most preferred composite service that satisfies the desired functional requirements.
Second International Lygus Symposium: Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, April 15-19 2007

The Second International Lygus Symposium brought together 52 entomologists from six nations and 11 states representing universities, public agencies, and private entities to discuss the latest research on Lygus species and their relatives. Symposium topics included Lygus biology, behavior and ecology, IPM, insecticides and resistance, and biological control. Papers and posters dealt with Lygus as a pest of several crops, including cotton, strawberries, seed alfalfa, canola, dry beans, cucumbers, cereals, peaches, and new crops guayule and lesquerella. Intercrop movement of Lygus2008200820082008 species was another important topic of many presentations. In the capstone session, participants identified needs and priorities for ongoing Lygus research and education (available at http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/Arid_SWPMC_RAMP.html). The conference was sponsored in part by FMC Corporation, the University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center, the University of California Statewide IPM Program, and a grant to El...
On a basis for 'Peaks over Threshold' modeling

Abstract ‘Peaks over Thresholds’ (‘POT’) models commonly used e.g. in hydrology, assume that peak values of an i.i.d. or stationary sequence X i above a high value u , occur at Poisson points, and the excess values of the peak above u are independent with an arbitrary common d.f. G . Motivation for these models has been provided by Smith (1985, 1987), by using Pareto-type approximations of Pickands (1975) for distributions of such excess values. These works strongly suggest that the Pareto family provides the appropriate class of distributions G for the POT model. In the present paper we consider the point process of excess values of peaks above a high level u and demonstrate that this converges in distribution to a Compound Poisson Process as u →∞ under appropriate assumptions. It is shown that the multiplicity distribution of this limit (i.e. the limiting distribution of excess values of peaks) must belong to the Pareto family and detailed forms are given for the normalizing constants involved. This exhibits the POT model specifically as a limit for the point process of excesses of peaks and delineates the distributions involved.
Selecting a routing strategy for your ad hoc network

In this paper we investigate the performance of routing strategies in ad hoc networks. An ad hoc network operates without a central entity or infrastructure, and is composed of highly mobile network hosts. In this environment, routes tend to be multihop and routing protocols are faced with host mobility and bandwidth constraints. In recent years, numerous routing protocols of different styles have been proposed. Traditional table-driven protocols (distance vector, link state), reactive on-demand protocols, and location-based protocols that use position information provided by GPS are the most commonly used strategies. Using PARSEC, we simulate protocols that represent these various routing strategies. The protocols are evaluated in different network scenarios. Relative strengths, weaknesses, and applicability to various situations of each routing protocol are studied and discussed.
Integrating adaptive trade-offs between parental care and feeding regulation

Animals respond to external and internal stimuli to decide which behaviors to produce. Only by addressing the mechanistic relationships between the regulation of different behaviors, and by doing so in an ecological context, will we fully understand the decision process. For example, regulatory mechanisms for feeding behavior and those for parental care behavior are studied largely in isolation, though these behaviors are inextricably linked. Understanding this fundamental behavioral trade-off between investment in current and future reproductive output requires an integrative approach. We identify direct cross-talk mechanisms in neuropeptide signaling pathways that regulate both behaviors and indirect cross-talk mechanisms as factors that impinge on crucial neuropeptides. Furthermore, external cross-talk exists through behavioral feedback. A deliberately integrative approach is necessary to understand behavioral decisions that are fundamental to predictions of life history theory.
A virtual machine model for accelerating relational database joins using a general purpose GPU

We demonstrate a speedup for database joins using a general purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU). The technique is novel in that it operates on an SQL virtual machine model developed using CUDA. The implementation compiles an SQL statement to instructions of the virtual machine that are then executed in parallel on the GPU. We use the three-dimensional structure of the CUDA grid and thread model to perform a join on up to three relations at a time. Query execution results in speedups of 2 to 60 times on consumer-level GPUs depending on the size of the result set.
The count‐duke of olivares on horseback: An emblematic equestrian by Velázquez

(1986). The count‐duke of olivares on horseback: An emblematic equestrian by Velazquez. Konsthistorisk tidskrift/Journal of Art History: Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 149-167.
Analyzing information flow in social networks for knowledge discovery

In the last few years the online world has seen a surge in users' social behavior. No longer is the image of a lone user surfing the web relevant anymore and with social sites such as Facebook, Twitter, etc. online users can now actively interact with other users. It is now quite common for web businesses to offer support for friends lists, forums, private message systems, community maintenance tools etc. As as result, not only are users finding more social satisfication online, but the businesses themselves are now able to interact with and monitor the communities around them. Consequently, large amounts of data are being collected from such "social systems'', which capture users' participation in the community. The data can include user-user interactions as well as their activities with time stamps. The data is also unique in that it captures complex social phenomenon in a much more comprehensive manner and at a much more finer granularity, than any other traditional source of communication data. This presents rich opportunities for the development of knowledge discovery algorithms which will find immense value in revealing trends, latent structures or interesting behaviors in these social systems. In any social system, communication exposes people to information, opinions as well as behavior of other users. According to a well studied phenomenon in social science, summarized in the theory of contagion, users in such networks tend to develop beliefs, attitudes and assumptions that are similar to those of others around them. By "word-of-mouth'' rumors, ideas, opinions, information, etc. can propagate to different regions in the network. The research presented in this thesis explores the analysis of such information flow in social networks from a variety of perspectives, including the network topology, actors' interests, actors' cognition and actors' influence. It is shown that the proposed analyses techniques can discover valuable knowledge regarding community structure, user interests and sentiments, as well as prominent users in the community. Such knowledge is of immense value to online business owners, as it allows them to monitor and identify factors for improving the overall experience of their users.
What is a stream

Defining a natural feature is traditionally the domain of scientists, geographer/cartographers, and lexicographers. However, law requires exacting definitions to establish everything from land rights to jurisdictional rulings. For environmental law this can have significant ramifications in pollution regulation and mandating clean up, implying court battles when it comes to assigning (or charging for) blame. Doyle and Bernhardt confront this issue for hydrology, presenting a discussion of legal, geomorphological/physical, chemical, and biological definitions of streams and the policy implications.
Hendersonula toruloidea infection in man. Index cases in the non-endemic North American host, and a review of the literature.

Hendersonula toruloidea (HT) is a dematiaceous fungus that is an endemic human pathogen in tropical and subtropical countries. Infection with this fungus is often clinically indistinguishable from Trichophyton rubrum or other dermatophytoses. However, because HT will not grow on standard cycloheximide containing fungal media, and because HT is usually resistant to standard anti-fungal therapies, we believe that HT is a more common cause of ‘recalcitrant dermatophytosis’ in the United States than is currently recognized. HT may be especially prevalent among immigrant patients from endemic countries. We report the first cases of HT to occur in a non-endemic region of the United States. This suggests that HT may become a significant pathogen in the native American host as well. Moreover, we report the first case of a tinea capitis-like infection due to HT.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Mass Injection Induced Unstart

Jet injection into a confined supersonic cross flow is studied using experiments and numerical simulations, with the goal of identifying the conditions that cause the flow to unstart. This is accomplished by varying the jet momentum ratio and studying the evolution of the complex pattern of shocks and shock-boundary layer interactions that ultimately lead to unstart. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations and experimental data (Planar Laser Rayleigh Scattering) are used to identify the upstream location of the shock system, and the distance between this location and the inlet is used to define the safety margin. A preliminary investigation is performed on the sensitivities of the unstart margin to various uncertainties associated with the geometry and flow conditions of the experiment, as well as the choice of turbulence model in the simulations. This work reports initial progress towards the larger goal of quantifying margins and uncertainties in scramjet unstart and also evaluates the ability of steady RANS simulations to predict precursor conditions leading to the highly unsteady unstart process.
FLEXURAL STIFFNESS ALLOMETRIES OF ANGIOSPERM AND FERN PETIOLES AND RACHISES: EVIDENCE FOR BIOMECHANICAL CONVERGENCE.

Evidence for convergence in biomechanical and anatomical features of leaves (elastic modulus E, second moment of area I, taper of petioles, the longitudinal distribution of petiolar and laminar weight, and volumes of tissues) is presented based on a survey of 22 species (distributed among dicots, monocots, and ferns). In general, regardless of taxonomic affinity, petioles were found to be mechanically constructed in one of two ways: Type I petioles-as cantilevered, end-loaded beams with relatively uniform flexural stiffness (EI) (simple and palmate leaves); and Type II petioles-as tapered cantilevered beams whose static loadings (biomass) and EI increase basipetally (pinnate leaves). In general, collenchyma and sclerenchyma were found to be peripherally located in transections through Type I and II petioles, respectively. Statistical analyses within each species and among species with either type of petiole indicated that EI ≈ k1 Lp2.98 and EI ≈ k2 Lp2.05 for Type I and II petioles, respectively, where k1 and k2 are dimensional constants and Lp is petiolar length. The data are interpreted to indicate that Type I and II petioles mechanically operate to deal with static loadings in two distinct ways, such that Type II petioles function in an analogous manner to branches supporting separate leaves (leaflets). The convergence in mechanical "designs" among taxonomically distinct lineages (angiosperms and ferns) is interpreted as evidence for selection on mechanical attributes of load supporting structures (petioles).
The effects of moisture content, frequency and temperature on the life of miniature XLPE cables

The main points of the study reported in this paper are as follows: (i) The amount of moisture in XLPE does not affect the short term ac breakdown strength, provided the insulation is not subjected to electrical stress prior to the breakdown test. (ii) Preimmersing XLPE insulation in tap water prior to electrical aging at room temperature results in a reduction of more than 50% in the breakdown voltage. The preimmersion increases the moisture content, particularly liquid water at room temperature, resulting in increased degradation. (iii) Preimmersion does not have any effect on the breakdown voltage of cables electrically aged at 70°C or 90°C. (iv) For some aging conditions, the short term breakdown voltages of aged cables give no indication of the number of and times to breakdown of the cables during the electrical aging. (v) Direct voltage is quite sensitive to degradation of XLPE by the combined action of moisture and electric stress. Care must be exercised when dc testing aged cables in service. (vi) Complete drying of cables aged in water restores the breakdown voltage to its original value. The improvement is, however, only temporary and the breakdown voltage decreases at a faster rate when aging is continued. (vii) Temperature cycling of the insulation causes small changes in the short term ac breakdown voltage. However, the number of breakdowns occurring during the initial aging (1000 h) is much larger for the temperature cycled cable, indicating that temperature cycling could be an important variable in an accelerated aging test. Whether there is an optimum temperature change to produce maximum degradation still remains to be determined.
Analysis on Sudden Brittle Broken of the Upper Axle Journal on Screw Grader and Suggestions

Based on the remaining trace of the broken upper axle journal on FLG-1200 screw grader,the paper analyzes the reason for the journal broken and gets to the conclusion that the poor quality of steel results in the sudden broken of the axle journal.
Upper extremity arterial disease: Etiologic considerations and differential diagnosis

Upper extremity ischemia is an unusual clinical entity. Using a careful history and physical examination, detailed vascular laboratory testing, serological tests, and occasionally arteriography, it is possible to determine the cause in most patients. Most patients presenting with upper extremity ischemia have small vessel disease that is not amenable to surgical treatment. The primary treatment of upper extremity ischemia remains cold avoidance, with pharmacological treatment added in a limited number of patients. A patient's long-term prognosis can be determined based on initial serological studies and the presence or absence of arterial obstruction. Patients with no serological or arterial abnormalities usually continue to have upper extremity ischemic symptoms, but these remain only a nuisance. Patients with either serological abnormalities or arterial obstruction have a mild to moderate risk of progressive symptoms. Those patients with combined serological abnormalities and arterial obstruction at presentation are most likely to have continued difficulties. A significant number of these patients, approximately 50%, are most symptomatic at the time of initial presentation and improve under follow-up.
A profile of women CEOs/administrators in community and migrant health centers.

Most of the current research on women executives has focused on models in which few women achieve the highest position (e.g. hospital CEOs). This article looks at the nation's Community and Migrant Health Centers where substantial numbers of women hold the highest executive position. A national profile of women Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHCs) Chief Executive Officers/Administrators is provided in terms of their personal and work characteristics, as well as their values and beliefs regarding successful C/MHC attributes and important managerial practices. The study compares C/MHC Chief Executive Officers/Administrators based on gender. The study found that 41 percent of the CEO/Administrators were women and that they shared similar values and beliefs about functions/critical managerial factors and managerial characteristics of C/MHCs with their male colleagues. However, the study did find a comparable salary differential of over $11,000 in favor of male Chief Executive Officers/Administrators. The article reviews the literature of female executives in health care and concludes with recommendations for further study using the C/MHCs CEO/Administrators as a model study population.
Keynesian Ideas, Keynesianism and Keynesian Social Democracy

The collapse of the Keynesian paradigm and the concomitant decline of social democracy call forth a discussion of concepts such as ‘Keynesian economics’, ‘Keynesianism’ and ‘Keynesian social democracy’. All of these terms, and others beside, have varying degrees of relevance to the retreat from full employment and the policies we have associated with the Keynesian period. In addition, each has a varying level of specificity, with Keynesian economics being the most specific (though still a contested) concept. Keynesianism, on the other hand, is a very broad term and, subsequently, its use is fraught with some danger. A term that is often used in preference to ‘Keynesianism’ is ‘Keynesian social democracy’. Although the argument in this chapter is that it is meaningful to ascribe conceptions of socialism and social democracy to Keynesianism, we have to be aware that the nature of the Keynesian legacy is itself highly contested terrain.1
Effect of Rest Interval Duration on the Volume Completed During a High-Intensity Bench Press Exercise

Hernandez, DJ, Healy, S, Giacomini, ML, and Kwon, YS. Effect of rest interval duration on the volume completed during a high-intensity bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Between-set rest intervals (RIs) are one of the most important variables in resistance training; however, no known research has investigated the effects of RIs greater than 5 minutes during high-intensity strength training. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of 3 different RIs on repetition sustainability and training volume (sets × reps × resistance) during a high-intensity bench press exercise. Fifteen resistance-trained male subjects (mean ± SD, age = 25.5 ± 4.5 years, and bench press 1 repetition maximum [1RM] ratio [1RM/body mass] = 1.39 ± 0.1) completed 3 experimental sessions, during which 4 sets of the bench press were performed with 85% of 1RM load. Subjects performed the bench press using 3 different RIs in a random counterbalanced design. Data were analyzed using both a one- and two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. As sets progressed, repetitions were significantly different (p < 0.05) between all RIs, and only the 8-minute RI (p < 0.05) allowed for the complete sustainability of repetitions over 4 consecutive sets. Subjects attained the greatest training volume (p < 0.05) using an 8-minute RI between sets compared with a 2- or 5-minute RI. Similarly, a significantly greater training volume was achieved using the 5-minute RI compared with the 2-minute RI. Resistance-trained men, with the goal of greater volume during strength training, would benefit from longer RIs, specifically using an 8-minute RI between 4 consecutive sets of a bench press exercise.
All You Need Is Love, Respect, & Autocracy: Kant’s Virtue Ethics

This chapter completes my response to the Anscombian reading by presenting the main contours of Kant’s normative ethical theory, which is a virtue theory, a designation that runs directly counter to the Anscombian reading. I proceed as follows. First, I explain Kant’s understanding of his doctrine of virtue in terms of morally obligatory ends , ends that he thinks help us cultivate virtue, which he defines as the capacity for self-constraint we can develop and exercise when it comes to the kinds of obstacles that stand in the way of our acting autonomously, obstacles that have to do with a disordered valuing of our two basic ends (happiness and the development of a moral disposition). Next, informed by the work of Anne Baxley , I discuss some misreadings of Kant’s account of virtue and then present what I take to be a cogent reading of Kant’s theory of virtue, which takes into account the different aspects of virtue as the “autocracy of practical reason.” I close by presenting Kant’s account of the two morally obligatory ends of virtue, one’s own perfection and the happiness of others, and I explain the ways in which respect and love inform Kant’s understanding of how our pursuit of those ends results in virtue.
An experimental wearable IoT for data-driven management of autism

This paper reports early developments on an wearable IoT system that can be used for collecting quantified data about interactions among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in classroom settings. The overall objective of the project is to perform data-driven detection, therapy, intervention, and progress monitoring for children with Autism. Early intervention can help support the development of social skills for children with ASD. To perform intervention, teachers monitor the social interaction progress of children with ASD through observational methods, which can often be lengthy and subjective, therefore requiring extensive teacher training to ensure accuracy. Although new technologies have begun to emerge, no existing technologies can provide quantitative and automatically-collected data about peer interactions for children with ASD. We address this critical need through a wearable sensor system that can provide real-time quantitative data about peer interactions in classroom settings. The long-term objective of the project is to use this system for data-driven detection, therapy, intervention, and progress monitoring for children with Autism.
Response of Local Nitric Oxide Release to Manual Acupuncture and Electrical Heat in Humans: Effects of Reinforcement Methods.

This study was to examine the influences of manual acupuncture (MA) and electrical heat corresponding to reinforcing methods on nitric oxide (NO) release over the skin regions in humans. A device with collecting solution was taped to the skin surface along pericardium (PC) or lung (LU) meridian. Acupuncture needles were gently inserted into PC 4 with reinforcing stimulation (low force/rate) for 20 minutes in the MA group. LU11 on the finger was heated (43-44°C) by electrical heat for 20 minutes. Biocapture was consecutively conducted for two 20-minute intervals during and after each treatment. Total nitrite and nitrate (NO x-) in the collecting samples were quantified using chemiluminescence in blinded fashion. Baseline NO x- levels are higher and tended to be higher over PC and LU acupoints during the 1st biocapture. NO x- levels over PC regions were consistently increased by MA during both intervals. NO x- concentrations over LU acupoints were increased and tended to be increased by electrical heat in the 1st and 2nd biocapture. The results suggest that reinforcing MA and electrical heat induce NO released from the local skin regions with higher levels at acupoints, which improve local circulation and contribute to the beneficial effects of the therapies.
Phosphorus bioavailability in increased-protein, reduced-fiber canola meal, conventional canola meal, and soybean meal fed to crossbred chicks.

ABSTRACT Three experiments were conducted to evaluate 3 increased-protein, reduced-fiber canola meals (CM) (CMA, CMB, and Test CM), 2 conventional CM (CCM), and 2 soybean meals (SBM). For determination of P bioavailability in CM and SBM, a P-deficient cornstarch-dextrose-SBM basal diet was fed as Diet 1. The latter basal diet was then supplemented with 0.05 and 0.10% P from KH2 PO4 or 12.5 and 25% of a CM or SBM. In addition, the effect of phytase enzyme on bioavailability of the P in CMA, Test CM, and one of the CCM was determined using P-deficient 45% CM-cornstarch-dextrose diets (0.11 to 0.15% non-phytate P), with a CM as the only source of dietary P. Additional diets contained 0.05 and 0.10% added P from KH2 PO4 or 125 to 500 units phytase added per kg of diet. Crossbred chicks (New Hampshire X Columbian) were fed the experimental diets from 8 to 21 d post hatch in all experiments, and bioavailability of P was estimated using the slope ratio method in which tibia ash was regressed on supplemental P intake. A linear increase in tibia ash was observed as the P level increased by the addition of KH2 PO4, CMA, CMB, or SBM. Based on the mean values of tibia ash in mg/tibia and tibia ash %, the mean bioavailabilities of P in the 3 increased-protein, reduced-fiber CM, 3 CCM, and 2 SBM relative to KH2 PO4 were 18, 15, and 39%, respectively. A linear increase in weight gain and tibia ash was observed with addition of KH2 PO4 or phytase to the P-deficient CM diets. It was estimated that 125 or 250 units/kg microbial phytase resulted in approximately 0.05 and 0.10% P being released from CM, respectively. In conclusion, the bioavailablity of the P in the new increased-protein, reduced-fiber CM was similar to that of CCM. Furthermore, phytase substantially and similarly increased the bioavailability of P in both types of CM.
A Source of Vergil, Georg. II. 136–176

This passage, which is in a way a digression from the main subject of the second book, arboriculture, and stands out from the rest of the poem, is one of the best known of the entire work, chiefly, it would seem, on account of its exquisite beauty, but partly also, no doubt, for the distinctly modern note it strikes; for it can justly be regarded as an early example of a national anthem. As a matter of fact, it has been recognized as such from the dawn of the Renaissance, and Petrarch's famous Salue cara Deo tellus: sanctissima salue: was directly inspired by Vergil's Salue, magna parens frugum, Saturnia tellus, Magna uirum.
Does Wildfire Open a Policy Window? Local Government and Community Adaptation After Fire in the United States

Becoming a fire adapted community that can coexist with wildfire is envisioned as a continuous, iterative process of adaptation, but it is unclear how communities may pursue adaptation. Experience with wildfire and other natural hazards suggests that disasters may open a "window of opportunity" leading to local government policy changes. We examined how destructive wildfire affected progress toward becoming fire adapted in eight locations in the United States. We found that community-level adaptation following destructive fires is most common where destructive wildfire is novel and there is already government capacity and investment in wildfire regulation and land use planning. External funding, staff capacity, and the presence of issue champions combined to bring about change after wildfire. Locations with long histories of destructive wildfire, extensive previous investment in formal wildfire regulation and mitigation, or little government and community capacity to manage wildfire saw fewer changes. Across diverse settings, communities consistently used the most common tools and actions for wildfire mitigation and planning. Nearly all sites reported changes in wildfire suppression, emergency response, and hazard planning documents. Expansion in voluntary education and outreach programs to increase defensible space was also common, occurring in half of our sites, but land use planning and regulations remained largely unchanged. Adaptation at the community and local governmental level therefore may not axiomatically follow from each wildfire incident, nor easily incorporate formal approaches to minimizing land use and development in hazardous environments, but in many sites wildfire was a focusing event that inspired reflection and adaptation.
Focus Section on Health IT Usability: Perceived Burden of EHRs on Physicians at Different Stages of Their Career

Objective The purpose of this study was to further explore the effect of EHRs on emergency department (ED) attending and resident physicians' perceived workload, satisfaction, and productivity through the completion of six EHR patient scenarios combined with workload, productivity, and satisfaction surveys. Methods To examine EHR usability, we used a live observational design combined with post observation surveys conducted over 3 days, observing emergency physicians' interactions with the EHR during a 1-hour period. Physicians were asked to complete six patient scenarios in the EHR, and then participants filled two surveys to assess the perceived workload and satisfaction with the EHR interface. Results Fourteen physicians participated, equally distributed by gender (50% females) and experience (43% residents, 57% attendings). Frustration levels associated to the EHR were significantly higher for attending physicians compared with residents. Among the factors causing high EHR frustrations are: (1) remembering menu and button names and commands use; (2) performing tasks that are not straightforward; (3) system speed; and (4) system reliability. In comparisons between attending and resident physicians, time to complete half of the cases as well as the overall reaction to the EHR were statistically different. Conclusion ED physicians already have the highest levels of burnout and fourth lowest level of satisfaction among physicians and, hence, particular attention is needed to study the impact of EHR on ED physicians. This study investigated key EHR usability barriers in the ED particularly, the assess frustration levels among physicians based on experience, and identifying factors impacting those levels of frustrations. In our findings, we highlight the most favorable and most frustrating EHR functionalities between both groups of physicians.
Corpus-based Content Construction

Enterprise content writers are engaged in writing textual content for various purposes. Often, the text being written may already be present in the enterprise corpus in the form of past articles and can be re-purposed for the current needs. In the absence of suitable tools, authors manually curate/create such content (sometimes from scratch) which reduces their productivity. To address this, we propose an automatic approach to generate an initial version of the author’s intended text based on an input content snippet. Starting with a set of extracted textual fragments related to the snippet based on the query words in it, the proposed approach builds the desired text from these fragment by simultaneously optimizing the information coverage, relevance, diversity and coherence in the generated content. Evaluations on standard datasets shows improved performance against existing baselines on several metrics.
Generalized cooley-tukey algorithms for evaluation of multi-dimensional discrete fourier transforms

In this paper the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is generalized to the multi-dimensional case in a natural way that incorporates the standard row-column and vector-radix algorithms as special cases. It can be used for the evaluation of discrete Fourier transforms of rectangularly or hexagonally sampled signals or signals which are arbitrarily sampled in either the spatial or Fourier domain. These fast Fourier transform algorithms are shown to result from the factorization of an integer matrix; different algorithms correspond to different factorizations. This paper will first derive a generalized discrete Fourier transform, then derive the general Cooley-Tukey algorithm, and conclude by interpreting existing multi-dimensional FFT algorithms in terms of the generalized one.
Conservation Systems for Reactive Gases

In one space dimension, the conservation laws for reactive gases can be expressed as $$ {u_t} + F{(u)_x} = B{u_{xx}} + G(u,{u_x}),(x,t) \in \Omega \times (0,T) \subset \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R} $$ (6.1) where the solutions u are vector-valued functions of (x, t), and where B is a positive semidefinite matrix which will be referred to as the viscosity matrix.
Fiber and Lipids

In recent years there have been several comprehensive reviews on the effects of dietary fiber on lipid metabolism in animals and man (Kay and Truswell, 1980; Story, 1980; Story and Kritchevsky, 1980). The purpose of this discussion is not to present yet another review, but rather to give a brief overview which will set the stage for the chapters which follow.
Uterus Didelphys and Vaginal Duplication with Unilateral Obstruction Presenting as a Newborn Abdominal Mass

AbstractVaginal duplication with uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly in which unilateral obstruction of either vaginal orifice may result in hydrocolpos but with normal-appearing external genitalia in the female newborn.We recently treated 2 female infants with this anomaly who presented with a lower abdominal mass that persisted after bladder drainage. Both infants had evidence of urological abnormalities on the side ipsilateral to the obstructed vagina. One infant had renal agenesis and 1 had severe renal dysplasia.Owing to the high incidence of associated renal abnormalities excretory urography, voiding cystourethrography and abdominal ultrasound are essential to the evaluation. Precise diagnosis and careful evaluation are mandatory to avoid unnecessary loss of essential normal mullerian structures.
Modeling a multi-target attacker-defender game with multiple attack types

Abstract How to allocate limited defense resources effectively and efficiently to prevent damages is a critical and difficult problem, especially when faced with adaptive attackers and various attack types (methods that the attacker uses). There has been a growing amount of literature on studying the strategic interactions between attackers (terrorists) and defenders (government). This research presents a novel class of multi-target attacker-defender games where the attackers have multiple attacking options including assassination, armed assault, bombing/explosion, facility/infrastructure attack, hijacking, hostage taking, and unarmed assault. Different attack types may lead to different attack success probabilities, consequences, and effectiveness of defensive resource allocation. Faced with multiple attack types and adaptive attackers, the defender distributes a limited amount of resources to multiple targets to minimize the total expected loss in a sequential game as the first mover. We provide numerical illustrations for the model results. The model is illustrated by: (a) using historical terrorism and defensive investment data to estimate the model parameters, and (b) comparing the historical resource allocation with the model outputs. From the sensitivity analyses, we find that the defense cost effectiveness against the “Hijacking,” and “Bombing/Explosion” attack types play a critical role in decreasing the expected loss. The proposed multi-attack model leads to less expected loss than that of both the single-attack model and the historical allocation from the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI). This paper provides new insights on modeling defensive resource allocation models related to adaptive adversaries.
Origins of the Non-Delegation Doctrine

This paper explores the philosophical, political, constitutional, and statutory origins of the nondelegation doctrine, especially with respect to the delegation to the executive of the power to make domestic (ius civile) law. The paper will discuss a variety of principles related to delegation to the executive of the power to make law, such as the separation of powers, representation, and the interpretation of statutes. It will look at certain early cases in related areas (as there was no early Supreme Court case on point for delegation to the executive in ius civile statutes), and will focus on an important but little known debate in the early Congress over the non-delegation doctrine in a postal statute. A number of factors and distinctions are uncovered that may shed light on modern nondelegation cases. Distinctions include those between ius gentium (foreign policy) and ius civile (domestic policy) law and between criminal law and civil law. Factors include expertise, representation distance, the degree to which a delegation will combine not only law-making and executive power but also judicial power, and the power given by a delegation to deprive persons of life, liberty, or property.
The Overcriminalization Phenomenon

Introduction 703 I. Defining the Phenomenon 712 II. Causes and Consequences 719 III. Potential Solutions 729 IV. The Libertarian Premise 739
Mortality in parents after the death of a child

Abstract Objective The death of a child is a traumatic stressor that takes a toll on the health of parents. This study examined long-term impacts of the death of a child on the risk of early mortality in bereaved parents. In a follow-up analysis, a twin subsample was analyzed to examine potential genetic confounding. Method We analyzed data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. The primary sample consists of two groups of MIDUS 2 participants (2004–06); (1) parents who experienced the death of a child prior to MIDUS 2 (n = 451) and (2) comparison parents who had not experienced death of any children (n = 1804) (mean age = 63). We also analyzed 52 twin pairs in which one twin experienced the death of a child and 271 twin pairs in which both twins had all living children. Mortality status of parents was assessed in 2017. Results Parents who had experienced the death of a child had a 32% higher likelihood of early mortality (defined as dying earlier than life expectancy) than their peers who did not have any deceased children, and they were more likely to die of heart disease. Analyses of the twin subsample revealed significantly lower concordance for early mortality among the pairs with a bereaved twin than among control twins, consistent with non-genetic effects. Conclusions The findings suggest that the death of a child has lasting impacts on the risk of early mortality in bereaved parents. This study provides the first U.S. estimate of bereavement effects on mortality extending through the parents' full life course, with significant public health implications. In addition, analysis of concordance of early death rates in the twin subsample suggests the impact on mortality of parental bereavement, net of genetic factors.
1620. Effectiveness of the 2016 California Policy Eliminating Non-Medical Exemptions on Vaccine Coverage: A Synthetic Control Analysis

Background Vaccine hesitancy in low vaccine coverage “hot spots” has led to recent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases across the United States. State policies to improve vaccine coverage by restricting non-medical (personal belief) exemptions are heavily debated and their effectiveness is unclear due to limited rigorous policy analysis. In 2016, a California policy (SB 277) eliminated non-medical exemptions from kindergarten requirements. To address the ongoing debate on such policies, we performed a quasi-experimental, controlled analysis of the policy’s impact on vaccine and exemption outcomes.