cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-cooperative Planning in Multi-Agent, Resource-Constrained Environments with Markets for Reservations

Queuing and accepting reservations are common social methods for allocating scarce resources in our daily lives. However, neither method is flexible when they are components of large, complex plans. In this paper we investigate the use of mobile devices that provide timely information, facilitate planning, and enable the trading of reservations. We investigate the behavior of a closed society of simple agents competing for scarce resources. The results of the experiments demonstrate that a simple reservation mechanism can actually reduce the social welfare under certain conditions, but tradable reservations and clairvoyance each improve it. While in many situations queues are unavoidable, better information and more flexibility in reservation handling can facilitate planning.
Enhanced Gene Conversion and Postmeiotic Segregation in Pachytene-Arrested SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Previous study has demonstrated that incubation of yeast cells of strain AP-1 in sporulation medium at 36° permits them to begin meiosis but that they become arrested at pachytene and undergo enhanced intragenic recombination between ade2 heteroalleles. Tetrad analysis was undertaken to characterize the altered program of meiotic recombination more widely. In one set of experiments, pachytene-arrested cells were permitted to resume sporulation upon transfer to the permissive temperature. In the resulting asci, both postmeiotic segregation and gene conversion were increased several-fold at a number of loci relative to unarrested controls, whereas reciprocal recombination increased two- to threefold. Another set of experiments analyzed the genetic consequences of inducing the pachytene-arrested cells to revert directly to mitotic growth without completion of meiosis. The appearance of homozygous sectors from heterozygous markers revealed that these cells had become committed to appreciable recombination but that reciprocal exchange was less frequent than in normal asci. Taken together, the data indicate that pachytene arrest rendered the cells committed to enhanced recombination upon resumption of sporulation but that most of the crossing over did not occur until release from the arrest. —The genetic basis of pachytene arrest by AP-1 was investigated by mating each of its parents with progeny of strain Y55, which is able to sporulate at 36°. Both of these diploids sporulated at 36°, and asci from the one studied further exhibited 2:2 segregation of the sporulation defect, indicating that pachytene arrest is dependent on a recessive, temperature-sensitive allele at a chromosomal locus.
Remodeling and ingrowth of bone at two years in a canine cementless total hip-arthroplasty model

Remodeling and ingrowth of bone in association with the use of uncemented femoral components were examined at two years in a canine total hip-arthroplasty model. Twenty-two dogs received a unilateral uncemented femoral stem that was made of Ti6A14V and was covered with one of three types of titanium porous coating: fiber-metal, beads, or plasma flame-spray. The amount and distribution of ingrowth of bone differed somewhat among the groups at two years, but the patterns of remodeling of bone in the medullary canal and cortex were similar. In general, about 15 to 18 per cent of the cortical bone was lost adjacent to the levels of the stem that were covered with the porous coating. Most of the loss of cortical bone was due to subperiosteal resorption proximally and endosteal resorption at the middle and distal levels of the stem. Increased cortical porosity accounted for only a small fraction of the loss of cortical bone. The amount of medullary bone increased proximally and distally, so that the loss of total bone mass was significantly only at the mid-part of the stem. The amount of loss of cortical bone was similar to that observed in a previous six-month study, suggesting that a steady state was achieved in the present model.
The Need for a Vaccine

There is no question that there is a critical global need for an HIV vaccine that can protect all people from the varying HIV viruses circulating around the world. This effort has been woefully underfunded and underprioritized. HIV vaccine development is now beginning to get more of the attention it deserves and resources are slowly following. It is clear that the world should be investing far more in the search for a vaccine and prioritizing the creation of vaccines that will be appropriate for use where the epidemic is spreading most rapidly. Furthermore, it is clear that a system must be put in place to assure that all those who need a vaccine will have access to one, regardless of their economic or social status. The latter relies heavily on international efforts to aggressively move R&D forward and to begin to prepare for success.
High Critical Temperature Superconducting Assembly

High critical temperature superconducting assembly of 50cm length have been developed using silver sheathed Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2.2Cu3Ox superconducting tapes. A critical current of 150A at 77.3K was achieved over 40cm with the resistivity of 4×10-13Ω·m, which was much lower than the resistivity of silver, 3×10-9Ω·m. The average critical current of every 5cm was 177±9.4A. It suggests that the superconducting tapes of 10m length used for the assembly have a uniform transport property. Larger transport current will be attained by increasing the number of strand. Multifilamentary taped superconducting wire showed the good bending strain vs. critical current property. The critical current was decreased by 30% due to about 3% bending strain. Transport current properties of single core taped superconducting wires were stable for 50 times heat cycles between room temperature and 77.3K.
Lonely Hearts Clubs Viewed Sociologically

tions of courtship and adjustments in the institution serve to produce the pregnancies. Possible outlets are marriage after conception, abortion, and illegitimacy. Early births in marriage and pregnancy accompany marriage and seem to be relatively permissible in cases of marriage. However, other popular outlets appear to be abortion and illegitimacy. While neither is an ideal pattern for the entire culture, both seem to be firmly established as real patterns. Adjustments in attitude and approach to both abortion and illegitimacy appear to be spreading throughout major groups in the population. In any consideration, evaluation, or comparison of Danish rates of premarital pregnancy it is vital to consider the pregnancies in relation to the conditions and meanings which surround and affect them. The premarital pregnancies are part of Danish cultural patterns. The present report merely skims the surface of a field which promises rich rewards for study of social organization, the family institution, culture change, the development of mores and similar topics. *
Treatment of Early-Stage Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma: Efficacy and Toxicity of 4 Versus 6 Cycles of ABVD Chemotherapy With Radiation.

Purpose The German Hodgkin Study Group HD11 trial validated 4 cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) for early unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. However, practitioners often recommend 6 cycles followed by RT, especially for bulky disease. We compared patient outcomes after treatment with 4 or 6 cycles of ABVD followed by RT (IFRT and involved site RT [ISRT]). Methods and Materials We identified 128 patients treated for early unfavorable HL (GHSG criteria) between 2000 and 2013. Clinical outcomes (overall survival [OS] and freedom from relapse [FFR]) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Toxicities were evaluated. Results The median follow-up time was 5.0 years. Patients received 4 (70 patients, 55%) or 6 (58 patients, 45%) cycles of chemotherapy. Bulky disease was present in 22 patients (31%; 0 stage IA, 3 stage IB, 19 stage IIA) of the 4-cycle group and 42 patients (72%; 5 stage IA, 3 stage IB, 34 stage IIA) of the 6-cycle group. For patients receiving 4 and 6 cycles, the 6-year OS was 100% and 97% ( P =.35), respectively, and the 6 year FFR was 100% and 98% ( P =.28), respectively. More patients received 6 cycles if they were treated before 2010 (HD11 report) ( P =.01) and if they had bulky disease ( P P =.58). More patients experienced bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in the 6-cycle group (20% vs 31%, P =.16). For patients with bulky disease, the 4-year FFR was similar with receipt of 4 (100%) or 6 (98%) cycles ( P =.48) and IFRT (100%) or ISRT (98%) ( P =.52). There were no deaths among patients with bulky disease. Conclusions Patients with early unfavorable HL have excellent outcomes with 4 cycles of ABVD chemotherapy followed by ISRT. Six cycles of chemotherapy does not appear superior for disease control, even for bulky disease.
To explore the common gynecological nursing in department of internal medicine nursing safety hazard preventionand nursing measures

Objective To Department of internal medicine nursing safety hidden danger often encountered in theprevention and nursing measures of inquiry, improve the level of nursing in Department of internal medicinenursing Methods Summary of the 2014 September to 10 months Department of internal medicine treated 200 cases of patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, each 100 people Analysis of accident in the past occurred in this hospital, and summed up the factors common cause safety hidden trouble Safety nursing for patients in the experimental group to exclude the factors are summed up, while the control group was given routine nursing Comparison between the experimental group and the control group of patients with the occurrence of safety accidents of phenomenon and the probability of occurrenceResults Test results of the group in the occurrence of safety accidents and patient satisfaction degree to nursing effect will be significantly higher than the control group Statistically significant risk factors of safety in nursing Conclusion The hospital department of internal medicine take safety nursing, the various departments in Department of internal medicinenurses and patients disputes decreased significantly, the nursing quality has been greatly improved, patient satisfaction increased, recommended the promotion of safe nursing
Cryopreservation of mouse 2-cell embryos and ova by vitrification: methodologie studies

Cryopreservation of unfertilized mouse ova and 2-cell embryos by a vitrification technique was examined. Survival was defined by development to the hatching blastocyst stage after in vitro fertilization. With 19 embryos at the 2-cell stage, the authors obtained 100% morphologic survival and 89% development to hatching blastocyst stage. To define the optimal conditions for vitrification of ova, the authors treated a total of 845 unfertilized ova. In experiments done at 0°C, the concentration of vitrification solution (VS1) and the length of exposure of ova to VS1 both had significant ( P
High- and Super-Resolution Microscopy Imaging of the NK Cell Immunological Synapse

Recent advances in imaging technology have enabled significant advances in the study of NK cell cytotoxic effector function through quantitative analysis of the NK cell immunological synapse. This can include the use of high- and super-resolution microscopy to quantify dynamics of cytoskeletal elements and the role they play in the regulation and execution of NK cell directed secretion. Here we describe a protocol for the recapitulation of the NK cell lytic synapse on glass, the acquisition of microscopy images, and suggested approaches for the processing and analysis of microscopy data.
Quantifying Vitamin Needs

The nutrient requirement is a theoretical construct which describes the intake that supports normal physiological function. It is generally used in reference to the lowest intake that supports normal function – i.e., the minimum requirement. Minimum requirements are difficult to define, and impossible to measure with any reasonable precision. They vary according to the criteria by which they are defined. Therefore, in order to be relevant to the overall health of the typical individual, estimates of minimum nutrient requirements must be based on responses of obvious physiological importance. For the vitamins, it is appropriate to define minimum requirements on the basis of biomarkers specifically related to their respective metabolic functions – e.g., enzyme activities and tissue vitamin/metabolite concentrations. The most useful biomarkers of vitamin status are those that respond early to deprivation of the vitamin, allowing the detection of suboptimal vitamin status at the early and most readily corrected stages.
Utilizing health records to characterize obesity, comorbidities, and health-care services in one human service agency in the United States:

US surveys report higher prevalence of obesity in adults with intellectual disability. Health records of 40 adults with intellectual disability were retrospectively reviewed for data on health stat...
The combined and separate impacts of climate extremes on the current and future US rainfed maize and soybean production under elevated CO2

Heat and drought are two emerging climatic threats to the US maize and soybean production, yet their impacts on yields are collectively determined by the magnitude of climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This study quantifies the combined and separate impacts of high temperature, heat and drought stresses on the current and future US rainfed maize and soybean production, and for the first time characterizes spatial shifts in the relative importance of individual stress. Crop yields are simulated using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM), driven by high-resolution (12 km) dynamically downscaled climate projections for 1995-2004 and 2085-2094. Results show that maize and soybean yield losses are prominent in the US Midwest by the late 21st century under both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, and the magnitude of loss highly depends on the current vulnerability and changes in climate extremes. Elevated atmospheric CO2 partially but not completely offsets the yield gaps caused by climate extremes, and the effect is greater in soybean than in maize. Our simulations suggest that drought will continue to be the largest threat to US rainfed maize production under RCP4.5 and soybean production under both RCP scenarios, whereas high temperature and heat stress take over the dominant stress of drought on maize under RCP8.5. We also reveal that shifts in the geographic distributions of dominant stresses are characterized by the increase in concurrent stresses, especially for the US Midwest. These findings imply the importance of considering heat and drought stresses simultaneously for future agronomic adaptation and mitigation strategies, particularly for breeding programs and crop management. The modeling framework of partitioning the total effects of climate change into individual stress impacts can be applied to the study of other crops and agriculture systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Explaining the News Feed Algorithm: An Analysis of the "News Feed FYI" Blog

Facebook uses algorithmic curation---automated selection and ranking of content---to present a personalized News Feed to each user for consumption. However, the News Feed user interface provides little information to help users understand how the ranking algorithm works. We analyzed the company's "News Feed FYI' blog series to better understand the degree to which Facebook employs "how'and "why' explanations of its News Feed algorithm. These types of explanations have been used in other recommendation and intelligent systems as a means of promoting user understanding and acceptance. Our findings show that the "News Feed" FYI' blog posts focus more on explanations that justify why the algorithm works the way it does, and less on explanations that describe how the system works. These findings suggest that the "News Feed" FYI' series would be more helpful for increasing users' confidence in the system, but not improving their trust in the system.
Locating Limit Sets

The first step in analyzing a dynamical system is to determine the location and stability type of its limit sets. In this chapter, we present algorithms that locate equilibrium points, fixed points, closed orbits, periodic solutions, and two-periodic solutions.
Do Community Members Have an Effective Voice in the Ethical Deliberation of a Behavioral Institutional Review Board

Using concepts and methods from technical and professional communication and linguistics, the authors conducted an observational study of the voice of community members (CMs) in the deliberation of...
Locking Alleviation in the Large Displacement Analysis of Beam Elements: The Strain Split Method

This paper proposes a new locking alleviation technique for absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) beam and plate elements based on a strain split approach. The paper also surveys classical finite element (FE) and ANCF locking alleviation techniques discussed in the literature. Because ANCF beam elements, which allow for the cross-sectional stretch fully capture the Poisson effect, Poisson locking is an issue when such beam elements are considered. The two-dimensional fully parameterized ANCF beam element is primarily used in this investigation because such an element can serve as a good surrogate model for three-dimensional ANCF beams and plates as far as membrane, bending and transverse shearing behavior is concerned. In addition to proposing the strain split method (SSM) for ANCF locking alleviation, this work assesses the ANCF element performance in the cases of higher-order interpolation, enhanced assumed strain method, elastic line method, and the enhanced continuum mechanics approach, and demonstrates the design of the enhanced strain interpolation function by using the shape functions of higher-order ANCF elements. Additionally, a new higher-order ANCF two-dimensional beam element is proposed in order to compare its performance with other finite elements that require the use of other locking alleviation techniques proposed and reviewed in the paper. Finally, several numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the locking alleviation methods applied to ANCF elements. The purpose of this investigation, apart from proposing a new locking alleviation technique, a new higher-order beam element, and comparing several existing locking alleviation techniques, is to show that dealing with locking in fully parameterized ANCF elements is feasible and that several methods exist to effectively improve the ANCF element performance without sacrificing important ANCF element properties and features including position vector gradient continuity. Because of the use of ANCF position vector gradients as nodal coordinates, complex stress-free initially-curved geometries can be systematically obtained. Such initially-curved geometries require special attention when attempting to solve locking problems, as will be discussed in this paper.
Beyond the MLS: Reflections on the role of professional and continued education for academic library liaisons

This research article is based on a national survey, conducted in 2016, concerning the value of an advanced subject degree in addition to a master's degree in library science (MLS/MLIS) for liaison...
Allan Meltzer and the Search for a Nominal Anchor

The author examines Allan Meltzer?s career in terms of the search of a nominal anchor for the U.S. Inflation targeting has provided a nominal anchor, in line with Meltzer?s view of inflation as a monetary phenomenon.
An unappreciated role for neutrophil-DC hybrids in immunity to invasive fungal infections

Neutrophils are classically defined as terminally differentiated, short-lived cells; however, neutrophils can be long-lived with phenotypic plasticity. During inflammation, a subset of neutrophils transdifferentiate into a population called neutrophil-DC hybrids (PMN-DCs) having properties of both neutrophils and dendritic cells. While these cells ubiquitously appear during inflammation, the role of PMN-DCs in disease remains poorly understood. We observed the differentiation of PMN-DCs in pre-clinical murine models of fungal infection: blastomycosis, aspergillosis and candidiasis. Using reporter strains of fungal viability, we found that PMN-DCs associate with fungal cells and kill them more efficiently than undifferentiated canonical neutrophils. During pulmonary blastomycosis, PMN-DCs comprised less than 1% of leukocytes yet contributed up to 15% of the fungal killing. PMN-DCs displayed higher expression of pattern recognition receptors, greater phagocytosis, and heightened production of reactive oxygen species compared to canonical neutrophils. PMN-DCs also displayed prominent NETosis. To further study PMN-DC function, we exploited a granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) cell line, generated PMN-DCs to over 90% purity, and used them for adoptive transfer and antigen presentation studies. Adoptively transferred PMN-DCs from the GMP line enhanced protection against systemic infection in vivo. PMN-DCs pulsed with antigen activated fungal calnexin-specific transgenic T cells in vitro and in vivo, promoting the production of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 in these CD4+ T cells. Through direct fungal killing and induction of adaptive immunity, PMN-DCs are potent effectors of antifungal immunity and thereby represent innovative cell therapeutic targets in treating life-threatening fungal infections.
A Model of Contributing Risk Factors to Chemical Dependency in Nurses

1. The risk of chemical dependency in women includes a chaotic family of origin, victimization, and low self-esteem. 2. Women with substance abuse disorders often suffer from a co-morbid depression, which is a threat to relapse. 3. Nursing and nursing education must develop strategies to minimize the risks associated with substance abuse disorders.
History of the Science of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Through much of recorded history, resuscitation was forbidden. Although written accounts of resuscitation can be found, it is clear that successful reversal of death was thought to have been performed directly by God or through appointed agents. For example, stories of resuscitation in the Bible involve prophets acting clearly as vessels through which God’s power restores life (1,2). In these and other resuscitation accounts, reversal of death was considered the province of God and not something mere mortals should undertake. This “prohibition” against resuscitation was challenged during the Enlightenment, an amazing period of scientific discovery. Starting around 1750, scientists and philosophers questioned the dogma of the past and came to believe that humans could understand and control their own destinies. They wished to discover the workings of the universe as well as the ticking of life itself. To speak of the science of resuscitation one must begin where science begins. And there is no more crucial ingredient to science than the scientific method—a key achievement of the Enlightenment. The intellectual giants of the Enlightenment claimed that the world could best be understood through scientific discovery, and the means to achieve this was the scientific method.
Subdivision Methods for Adaptive Integration over Hyperspheres

An adaptive algorithm for numerical multiple integration over an n-dimensional hypersphere is considered. Two subdivision methods are analyzed and formulas are derived that permit the efficient application of the associated subregion transformations.
Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering and the Formation of the Neuromuscular Junction

The molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the nervous system are not yet understood, and experimental approaches to study them are not easy to come by. Several problems face the researcher in this area. For example, in any particular part of the brain there are several different types of neurons, which are difficult to distinguish while alive. These neurons are involved in several different types of synapses, utilizing different neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors. Molecular markers for the different cell types and for their pre- and postsynaptic connections are useful only for autoradiographic studies of whole brain slices. Without markers for use at the cellular level, a detailed description of the assembly of synapses and neuronal circuits will not be possible.
Effect of Mass Flow Rate on the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient: Analysis for Constant Velocity and Constant Area Case

The effect of the mass flow rate at constant velocity on the convective heat transfer coefficient of an incompressible fluid in a turbulent flow regime is presented with the help of dimensional ana...
Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Together with my group and collaborators, I have been fortunate to have had a key role in the discovery of new ionization processes that we developed into new flexible, sensitive, rapid, reliable, and robust ionization technologies and methods for use in mass spectrometry (MS). Our current research is focused on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes which convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solids or liquids into gas-phase ions for analysis by MS using e.g. mass-selected fragmentation and ion mobility spectrometry to provide reproducible, accurate, and improved mass and drift time resolution. In my view, the apex was the discovery of vacuum matrix-assisted ionization (vMAI) in 2012 on an intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source without the use of a laser, high voltages, or any other added energy. Only exposure of the matrix:analyte to the sub-atmospheric pressure of the mass spectrometer was necessary to initiate ionization. These findings were initially rejected by three different scientific journals, with comments related to 'how can this work?', 'where do the charges come from?', and 'it is not analytically useful'. Meanwhile, we and others have demonstrated analytical utility without a complete understanding of the mechanism. In reality, MALDI and electrospray ionization are widely used in science and their mechanisms are still controversially discussed despite use and optimization of now 30 years. This Perspective covers the applications and mechanistic aspects of the novel ionization processes for use in MS that guided us in instrument developments, and provides our perspective on how they relate to traditional ionization processes.
Clinical benefit and tolerability of adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients who received neoadjuvant treatment for advanced ovarian cancer.

e17054Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy using intraperitoneal (IP) treatment has demonstrated survival benefit over intravenous (IV) therapy alone in patients treated with upfront debulking surgery...
Challenges in outlier surgeon assessment in the era of public reporting

Objective To assess the effect of various evaluation and reporting strategies in determining outlier surgeons, defined by having worse-than-expected mortality after cardiac surgery. Methods Our study included 33 394 isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures performed by 136 surgeons and 12 172 surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) procedures performed by 113 surgeons between 2010 and 2014. Three current methodologies based on the framework of comparing observed and expected (O/E ratio) mortality, with different distributional assumptions, were examined. We further assessed the consistency of outliers detected by these three methods and the impact of using different time windows and aggregating data of CABG and SAVR procedures. Results The three methods were consistent and detected same outliers, with the least conservative method detecting additional outliers (outliers detected for methods 1, 2 and 3: CABG 3 (2.2%), 2 (1.5%) and 8 (5.9%); SAVR 1 (0.9%), 0 (0.0%) and 11 (9.7%)). When numbers of cases recorded were low and events were rare, the two more conservative methods were unlikely to detect outliers unless the O/E ratios were extremely high. However, these two methods were more consistent in detecting the same surgeons as outliers across different time windows for assessment. Of the surgeons who performed both CABG and SAVR, none was an outlier for both procedures when assessed separately. Aggregating data from CABG and SAVR may lead to results to be dominated by the procedure that had a higher caseload. Conclusions The choices of outlier assessment method, time window for assessment and data aggregation have an intertwined impact on detecting outlier surgeons, often representing different value assumptions toward patient protection and provider penalty. It is desirable to use different methods as sensitivity analyses, avoid aggregating procedures and avoid rare-event endpoints if possible.
FNETVision: A WAMS Big Data Knowledge Discovery System

With the growing awareness of the power system stability, wide area measurement system (WAMS) has been widely studied and deployed. In WAMS, a phasor data concentrator (PDC) collects and persists the GPS-time-synchronized phasor data from hundreds of phasor measurement units (PMU). Due to the size and complexity of the modern power systems, the number of deployed PMUs has been increasing and their data size becomes increasingly large. The large data volume challenges the analysis, and the knowledge discovery of the measurement data. This paper takes the pioneering distribution level WAMS- the frequency monitoring network FNET/GridEye as an example. It develops an adaptive visualization system- FNETVision to visualize the large-volume WAMS data by interconnection. The case studies suggest, based on the FNETVision system, the system administrator can quickly dig out issues of the FNET system and accordingly pinpoint the cause of these issues.
The role of cigarette smoking in epilepsy severity and epilepsy-related quality of life.

Abstract Empirical evidence suggests that cigarette smoking is common among individuals with epilepsy. However, little is known about relationship between smoking and clinical features of epilepsy. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the differences between smokers (n = 43; 58.1% female, Mage = 43.4 years, SD = 11.6) and nonsmokers (n = 49; 63.3% female, Mage = 48.5 years, SD = 15.9) with epilepsy in terms of epilepsy severity (i.e., presence of seizures in the past year, refractory epilepsy status) and epilepsy-related quality of life. As hypothesized, smokers with epilepsy, compared with nonsmokers with epilepsy, were at an increased risk to have experienced seizures in the past year after controlling for the effect of Medicaid status as a proxy for socioeconomic status (odds ratio [OR] = 3.61). Positive smoking status was also associated with lower levels of epilepsy-related quality of life; however, this finding did not remain significant when Medicaid status was taken into consideration. Contrary to the hypotheses, smokers with epilepsy were not at an increased risk of having refractory epilepsy compared with nonsmokers with epilepsy. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with at least one aspect of epilepsy severity. Thus, in addition to the broader health benefits, smokers with epilepsy should be advised of the increased seizure risk associated with current cigarette smoking. Future work should examine the longitudinal impact of smoking on epilepsy severity, including whether successful smoking cessation ameliorates the seizure risk found in this cross-sectional study.
Evaluation of Etidocaine Aerosol as a Topical Anesthetic

The effects of 5% topical etidocaine aerosol applied to the larynx and tracheobronchial tree and its ability to attenuate the cardiovascular responses occurring after laryngoscopy and endotracheal anesthesia was studied in a double blind study in 60 patients who received either 5% etidocaine or placebo. The results of this study showed smaller rise in diastolic pressure in the etidocaine group (p
Stock returns and investor sentiment: textual analysis and social media

The behavioral finance literature has found that investor sentiment has predictive ability for equity returns. This differs from standard finance theory, which provides no role for investor sentiment. We examine the relationship between investor sentiment and stock returns by employing textual analysis on social media posts. We find that our investor sentiment measure has a positive and significant effect on abnormal stock returns. These findings are consistent across a number of different models and specifications, providing further evidence against non-behavioral theories.
Postoperative 30-day outcomes after craniotomy for supratentorial AVM resection in children

Abstract Purpose To describe 30-day outcomes following craniotomy for arteriovenous malformation in children and identify risk factors for readmission, reoperation, and perioperative complication using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Pediatric database. Methods Patients aged 0–18 years who underwent surgery for arteriovenous malformations (years 2015–2016) were identified from the NSQIP Pediatric database. Descriptive statistics, uni-variate, and multi-variate regression analysis were performed using preoperative and perioperative data. The outcome of interest was postoperative adverse event including reoperation within 30 days, readmission within 30 days, discharge to rehab, and the complications wound infection/dehiscence, pneumonia, unplanned reintubation, pulmonary embolism (PE), renal insufficiency, urinary tract infection (UTI), stroke, venous thromboembolism (VT), and sepsis. Results 167 patients were identified who met study criteria. 58% were male, and the majority had an ASA classification of 3 or greater (68%). 96 (57%) patients were found to have a preoperative comorbidity, with the most common comorbidity being seizure disorder (54 patients, 32%). 76 patients (46%) had documented perioperative events or complications. The incidence of wound infection/dehiscence was 4%; and of pneumonia, PE, unplanned reintubation, renal insufficiency, UTI, stroke, VT, sepsis were Conclusion In the NSQIP-P dataset, the incidence of perioperative complications and suboptimal outcomes among patients undergoing AVM resection were low.
In operando tomography reveals degradation mechanisms in lamellar iron foams during redox cycling at 800 °C

Abstract The lifetime of iron-based active materials in high-temperature redox applications (e.g., solid-oxide iron-air batteries, chemical looping) is limited by sintering, accelerated by oxidation/reduction volume changes. Here, in operando X-ray microtomography is used to reveal the evolution of structure, porosity, and extent of reaction in freeze-cast, lamellar iron foams during five redox cycles between Fe and FeO/Fe3O4 (via H2 and H2O) at 800 °C. Foam porosity decreases during oxidations but only partially recovers during reductions, with a net decrease from 77 to 52%. A gas-blocking surface layer, or shell, forms around the foam exterior. By correlating SEM microanalysis with in operando data, the Kirkendall effect is identified as the primary mechanism underlying these degradations. These insights suggest that material lifetime can be improved by measures that prevent the Kirkendall effect, such as combining iron with elements (in solid solution or as a second, redox-inactive phase) that lessen the imbalance of diffusional fluxes.
Developing Effective Youth-Adult Relationship: Perspectives of Adult Volunteers in Physical-Activity Based Youth Development Programs

Physical activity-based youth development programs (PA-based YDPs) utilize a range of individual and team sports and activities to simultaneously teach character development and physical skills. Su...
Bondpad Design Structural vs. Electrical Tradeoffs

This paper will demonstrate wirebond pad design considerations for the source pad of a power trenchFET using three levels of metal. There will be a discussion of how the pad design will impact the pad mechanical strength through the bonding process. There will also be a comparison of bondpad design to thermal/electrical simulation results. An optimal design can be obtained by an analysis of these tradeoffs. Finally the proposed designs have been built on silicon and evaluated both mechanically and electrically concluding with best design found for this application.
a Knot Model Suggested by the Standard Electroweak Theory

We attempt to go beyond the standard electroweak theory by replacing SU(2) with its q-deformation: SUq(2). This step introduces new degrees of freedom that we interpret as indicative of nonlocality and as a possible basis for a solitonic model of the elementary particles. The solitons are conjectured to be knotted flux tubes labeled by the irreducible representations of SUq(2), an algebra which is not only closely related to the standard theory but also plays an underlying role in the description of knots. Each of the four families of elementary fermions is conjectured to be represented by one of the four possible trefoils. The three individual fermions belonging to any family are then assumed to occupy the three lowest states in the excitation spectrum of the trefoil for that family. One finds a not unreasonable variation of q among the lepton and quark families. The model in its present form predicts a fourth generation of fermions as well as a neutrino mass spectrum. The model may be refined depending on whether or not the fourth generation is found.
GCB-type is a favorable prognostic factor in primary CNS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

Abstract Primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSLs) are aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) limited to the CNS that generally have a poor prognosis. Classification of DLBCL into germinal center B-cell (GCB) and activated B-cell (non-GCB) subtypes has prognostic value in systemic DLBCL, with GCB-type having a better prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether GCB versus non-GCB classification in PCNSLs has similar prognostic value. We analyzed clinical, radiological and histologic data from 24 patients with biopsy confirmed DLBCL of the CNS with classification into GCB versus non-GCB subtypes. We found that after a median follow-up of 15 months, only 39% of patients with non-GCB-type PCNS DLBCL were alive, whereas all patients with GCB-type were alive. Non-GCB-type had a median survival of 11 months, whereas all GCB-type patients were alive after a median follow-up of 22 months. As previously reported, we also found that patients younger than 70 years had longer survival (median 29 months) compared to older patients (median 8.8 months). There was no statistically significant difference between the ages, gender, focality, size or location of lesions, or treatment of non-GCB and GCB-type patients. Our findings suggest that classifying PCNSLs into GCB versus non-GCB subtype using the Hans algorithm may help stratify patients into two groups with different prognosis.
Analysis on hygienic condition of swimming places in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2012

[Objective]To investigate the hygienic condition of swimming places in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,discuss the problems in swimming place management.[Methods]19 swimming places were collected by stratified random sampling.The questionnaire survey,detection and evaluation of air and water quality in swimming places were conducted.The qualified rates were analyzed statistically by χ2test.[Results]All of 19 swimming places had the hygienic license,14 pools have opened for the whole year,while 5 have opened in summer only.In the indoor air indexes,the qualified rate of CO 2 was the highest(100%),followed by wind speed(97.8%),relative humidity(93.3%),and total amount of bacteria(88.9%).In the water quality indexes,the qualified rate of residual chlorine in foot disinfection baths was the lowest(0),followed by free residual chlorine(25.0%) and urea(40.9%).There was no significant difference in the total qualified rates among deep water area,shallow water area and children's pool(P 0.05),and the significant difference in the total qualified rates among different types of swimming pools was not found.[Conclusion]The hygienic condition of swimming places during summer is not optimistic,and it is urgent to strengthen the surveillance and supervision.
Penicillin Allergy Label Increases Risk of Worse Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19.

Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to severe. Several comorbidities are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Antibiotic use is common in COVID-19 and penicillin (PCN) allergy can affect antibiotic choice and may influence COVID-19 outcomes. Objective To investigate the impact of PCN allergy label on COVID-19 outcomes. Methods For this retrospective, cohort study, a Web-based tool for population cohort research, TriNetX, was used to identify adult COVID-19 patients with and without PCN allergy label. The two cohorts were matched using 1:1 propensity score matching for baseline demographics and conditions associated with risk for severe COVID-19. The 30-day risks for hospitalization, acute respiratory failure, intensive care unit requirement, mechanical ventilation requirement, and mortality were then compared between groups. Because bacterial infection can drive alternative antibiotic regimens, additional analyses focused on patients without bacterial infection. Results After propensity score matching, each cohort consisted of 13,183 patients. COVID-19 patients with PCN allergy had higher risks for hospitalization (risk ratio [RR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.52) acute respiratory failure (RR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19-1.31), intensive care unit requirement (RR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34), and mechanical ventilation (RR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.03-1.32) compared with patients without PCN allergy; however, there was no mortality difference (RR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.96-1.23). Although the bacterial infection risk was higher in PCN allergic COVID-19 patients, exclusion of patients with bacterial infections yielded similar results. Conclusions Penicillin allergic patients have higher risk for worse COVID-19 outcomes and should be considered for risk mitigation strategies.
Individual differences in visual search performance extend from artificial arrays to naturalistic environments

Visual search is a universal human activity in naturalistic environments. Traditionally, visual search is investigated under tightly controlled conditions, where head-restricted participants locate a minimalistic target in a cluttered array presented on a computer screen. Do classic findings of visual search extend to naturalistic settings, where participants actively explore complex, real-world scenes? Here, we leverage advances in virtual reality (VR) technology to relate individual differences in classic visual search paradigms to naturalistic search behavior. In a naturalistic visual search task, participants looked for an object within their environment via a combination of head-turns and eye-movements using a head-mounted display. Then, in a classic visual search task, participants searched for a target within a simple array of colored letters using only eye-movements. We tested how set size, a property known to limit visual search within computer displays, predicts the efficiency of search behavior inside immersive, real-world scenes that vary in levels of visual clutter. We found that participants' search performance was impacted by the level of visual clutter within real-world scenes. Critically, we also observed that individual differences in visual search efficiency in classic search predicted efficiency in real-world search, but only when the comparison was limited to the forward-facing field of view for real-world search. These results demonstrate that set size is a reliable predictor of individual performance across computer-based and active, real-world visual search behavior.
Perception of Real and Simulated Motion in the Auditory Modality

Future head-coupled display systems will include auditory spatial information in order to direct the pilot's attention to critical events in the environment. It is anticipated that such a system will provide dynamic as well as static auditory location information. This report reviews current research in the area of auditory motion perception, particularly as it applies to the development of simulated 3–dimensional auditory space.
High-fidelity modeling, heterogeneous simulation and optimization of synchronous nanomachines and motion nanodevices

Rotational and translational nanomachines, controlled by nanoscale integrated circuits (nanoICs), can be widely used as actuators and sensors. The implications of nanotechnology to motion nanodevices have received meticulous consideration as technologies to fabricate these nanomachines have becoming developed. In particular, organic and inorganic micromachines (fabricated using CMOS and micromachining technologies), that serve as nanomachine prototypes and prove-of-concept paradigm, have been tested and characterized. In this paper we address and solve a spectrum of problems in synthesis, analysis, modeling and control of nanoscale permanent-magnet synchronous machines. All nanomachines and motion nanodevices must be synthesized before attempts to design and optimize them because basic physical features, nanomachine topologies, energy conversion, operating principles and other issues significantly contribute to sequential tasks in analysis, control, optimization and design. This is of particular significance for electromagnetic motion nanodevices including permanent-magnet synchronous nanomachines. This paper illustrates that depending upon the distinct analysis methods, different results are obtained. The fundamental, applied, and experimental results reported illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the results.
Nicotine effects on body weight: a regulatory perspective.

Rats infused with nicotine were initially hypophagic and lost weight. Although food intake recovered, body weight remained 8-12% below normal. Elevating (or reducing) body weight before treatment prolonged (or shortened) initial hypophagia; weight reliably stabilized at the reduced level. At this reduced weight, the treated rats' daily resting energy expenditure was comparable with that of normal-weight controls (262.3 vs 261.9 kJ.d-1.kg body wt-0.75). Reducing the weight of controls to that of treated rats caused their expenditure to drop to 250.6 kJ.d-1.kg body wt-0.75, an energy-conserving adjustment that treated rats also displayed when their weight was lowered from its already-reduced level. Terminating nicotine treatment led initially to hyperphagia, which abated upon body weight being restored to normal. Normal daily energy expenditures at reduced weights suggest that nicotine lowers regulated body energy. Acute intake adjustments associated with initiation (or cessation) of nicotine treatment can be viewed as responses appropriate to bringing body energy into balance with the altered regulation level.
High-impedance electromagnetic ground planes

A new type of metallic electromagnetic structure has been developed that is characterized by having high surface impedance. Although it is made of continuous metal, and conducts DC currents, it does not conduct AC currents within a forbidden frequency band. Unlike normal conductors, this new surface does not support propagating surface waves, and it reflects electromagnetic waves with no phase reversal.