cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental test of preference by a predatory fish for prey at different densities

Preference for a particular prey implies that a behavioral choice is made by the predator, requiring an experimental approach to separate process from observed patterns in nature. For example, pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) are dominant prey observed in the diet of juvenile gag (Mycteroperca microlepis) collected from natural habitats, but it is unclear whether their approximate equal representation is due to a lack of preference between the two. Furthermore, both prey are captured in high quantities as targeted (shrimp) and non-targeted (pinfish) components of a trawl fishery operating in the same seagrass habitats where juvenile gag are found, thus requiring examination as to whether reductions in prey densities affect consumption rates and preference. In the current study, I used laboratory feeding experiments and applied new analytical techniques derived in a series of recent papers published in this journal to examine preference by juvenile gag on these two morphologically and behaviorally different prey. Consumption rates were higher for shrimp than pinfish and were not related to the initial density of prey presented to gag. However, gag did not exhibit a feeding preference for either prey across 10 controlled comparisons. Experimental results in the laboratory therefore reflected patterns observed in the field for the diet of this predatory fish. Moreover, by examining the effects of reduced prey densities on food web processes, the approach used in this study may be applied to inform ecosystem-based management on indirect effects of fishing.
Hope for an Uncertain Future: Recovery and Rebuilding Efforts in New Orleans's Schools.

This article explores the documented degree of the destruction triggered by Hurricane Katrina, the impact on the Orleans Parish School District (OPSD), and the efforts that have been made to recover, rebuild, and reopen the public schools. Using a framework that examines historical inequalities and long-term neglect of OPSD schools pre-Katrina, the author assesses whether or not current attempts to rebuild a new school system for New Orleans's students is constrained by a heritage of racial inequality in Louisiana. The author contends that the manner in which the school recovery efforts are currently developing, with its emphasis on a market-based privatization ideology, does not engender hope for a new and improved system that will produce a socially just and equitable schooling experience for its predominately African American and poor students.
A Probabilistic Model for Price Levels in Discontinuous Markets

A linear model is constructed that allows estimation of price levels in markets wherein goods are traded only irregularly. The model is tested with real estate data collected by the state of Arizona. The assumption of the model is that prices of individual properties follow independent random walks. The results presented here amplify work done by Court in 1938 and by Bailey, Muth and Nourse in 1963.
Physical basis of apparent pore dilation of ATP-activated P2X receptor channels

The selectivity of ion channels is fundamental for their roles in electrical and chemical signaling and in ion homeostasis. Although most ion channels exhibit stable ion selectivity, the prevailing view of purinergic P2X receptor channels, transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channels and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) is that their ion conduction pores dilate upon prolonged activation. We investigated this mechanism in P2X receptors and found that the hallmark shift in equilibrium potential observed with prolonged channel activation does not result from pore dilation, but from time-dependent alterations in the concentration of intracellular ions. We derived a physical model to calculate ion concentration changes during patch-clamp recordings, which validated our experimental findings and provides a quantitative guideline for effectively controlling ion concentration. Our results have fundamental implications for understanding ion permeation and gating in P2X receptor channels, as well as more broadly for using patch-clamp techniques to study ion channels and neuronal excitability.
The 10–20-Day Mode of the 1979 Indian Monsoon: Its Relation with the Time Variation of Monsoon Rainfall

Abstract The synoptic structure of the 10–20-day monsoon mode and this intraseasonal monsoon mode's relationship with the Indian monsoon rainfall are examined with the 1979 summer First GARP Global Experiment IIIb data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the daily 1° × 1° rainfall estimates retrieved from the satellite data by the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres. The major findings of this study are as follows. 1) The 10–20-day monsoon mode exhibits a double-cell (either double-high or double-low) structure; one cell is centered at about 15°–20°N and the other at the equator. 2) Both cells of the 10–20-day monsoon mode propagate coherently westward along the Indian monsoon trough and along the equator, respectively. 3) Based upon the zonal wind and local Hadley circulation, the vertical structure of the 10–20-day monsoon mode does not exhibit a phase change. 4) A significant rainfall occurs around low centers of the 10–20-day monsoon mode through the modulation of this monsoon...
PASTORAL THEOLOGY AS PUBLIC THEOLOGY IN RELATION TO THE CLINIC

Pastoral theology traditionally takes its rise in concrete human predicaments calling for some intentional form of care by individuals designated by communities of faith to act on their behalf. Three pastoral vignettes, arising in the practice of care, will inform this essay with four critical questions and insights about the nature of care in a public context. Sharon is a woman in her mid thirties with whom I have worked for many years, (and who has given me permission to share her story pseudonymously). When she began work with me, Sharon was severely depressed. Throughout the course of our time together she has on occasion seriously contemplated taking her life, but has never attempted to do so. She is an only child who lives a very isolated life in the home of her elderly parents. In the course of counseling, after considerable effort, it became apparent that her depression very likely resulted from the ongoing effects of childhood sexual molestation by a close family member. She also discovered through counseling that she is an extremely talented artist, but so far she has not been able to support herself financially through the sale of her work. Nonetheless, her artistic productions have been the pathway to her deeper insight about her abuse and have served as a medium for healing and public protest against the pervasive sexual and domestic violence in our culture. She has produced literature, paintings and sculpture that thematize the reality of abuse as well as contribute to prevention and healing (Graham, 1989, pp. 49-60). A year or so ago she was extremely depressed because a major carrier had turned her down for health insurance. Sharon was convinced that it was because she disclosed that she had sought help from a pastoral counselor for depression. She did not want to reapply to
Effect of SV4O Infection on DNA Polymerase Activity in Monkey Cells

Infection of permissive host cells by either simian virus 40 (SV4O) or polyoma virus causes a wide spectrum of changes in cell metabolism. The activities of a number of enzymes concerned with DNA metabolism increase; host cell DNA synthesis is usually initiated and one round of DNA replication appears to occur; cell histone and non-histone chromosomal proteins are synthesized at increased rates. Changes in the cell surface and in cell morphology occur, along with the expression of viral specific non-capsid antigens, such as T, U, or TSTA (references 1–5 are recent reviews of SV4O and polyoma virus molecular biology). We have carried out experiments examining one aspect of this virushost cell interaction more closely: the effect of SV4O infection on monkey cell DNA polymerase activity.
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in He 3 -He 4 Solutions

Recent measurements of the vapor pressures of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$---${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ liquid solutions by Daunt and Heer and by Sommers are used to evaluate the solution non-ideality, for the calculation of which the large deviations of the vapor from ideality are taken into account. Estimation of the standard chemical potential of normal ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ at temperatures below the lambda-point is discussed. Agreement of excess chemical potentials of ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ above the lambda-point and the values obtained from the simple theory demonstrates the usefulness of the theory in discussions of effect of nonideality on the shift of the lambda-point with ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ concentration.
Monte Carlo Variance Reduction for Energy Profile Calculation at the Electron Emission Due to Photon Radiation

A variance reduction method has been developed for the Monte Carlo calculation of electron emission energy profile induced by photon radiation. The spatial control of particle weight was exclusively investigated. It was derived that the photon weight in the electron range at an electron detection surface should be equal to the electron weight that is determined to be inversely proportional to the electron adjoint function. Therefore, the preliminary Monte Carlo calculation of the forward electron-only problem with the uniform electron source over the maximum electron range, maximum allowed energy, and all solid angles was conducted to create the photon and electron weight window. The photon weight window more than the maximum electron range away from the electron detection surface was made constant. Monte Carlo simulations of photon and electron coupled-transport were conducted for slab materials with photons normally incident on one side and the electron energy profile to be evaluated on the other side. Numerical results show that efficiency gain with respect to the simulation with no weight control is significant for slabs of typical low and high atomic number materials even if taking into account time spent on the preliminary Monte Carlo calculation of the electron adjoint function.
Metamaterial Optical Antireflection Coating

A subwavelength metal/air-gap grating metamaterial is investigated for polarization-selective optical antireflection coating. The metamaterial has designer’s dielectric property for TM polarization and metallic property for TE polarization. Optical antireflection can be realized for TM polarization.
Alternative Terminal Sign Format Evaluation: Generating Efficient Information Dense Displays:

It is hard to overestimate the importance of highway signage that can convey large amounts of information in a very short period of time, especially when the traffic is heavy and moving quickly. Drivers who are slow to read a sign or drivers who make a decision at the last moment can be the cause of minor incidents, which slow traffic to a crawl for hours or, worse yet, be the cause of major crashes. Airports are one example of an environment where it is necessary to convey large amounts of information in a very short period of time. Arriving passengers must find their terminal. Typically, the names of the airlines departing or arriving at a given terminal are all listed together on a sign. Lists of up to 20 names are not uncommon. We tested alternative ways of formatting the airline terminal signs designed to reduce the scanning time. The results apply generally to the design of any signs intended to convey large amounts of information in a very short period of time.
Assessing the stoichiometric efficacy of mammalian expressed paraoxonase-1 variant I-F11 to afford protection against G-type nerve agents.

Abstract We evaluated the ability of evolved paraoxonase-1 (PON1) to afford broad spectrum protection against G-type nerve agents when produced in mammalian cells via an adenovirus expression system. The PON1 variants G3C9, VII-D11, I-F11, VII-D2 and II-G1 were screened in vitro for their ability to hydrolyze G-agents, as well as for their preference towards hydrolysis of the more toxic P(−) isomer. I-F11, with catalytic efficiencies of (1.1 ± 0.1) × 106 M−1 min−1, (2.5 ± 0.1) × 106 M−1 min−1, (2.3 ± 0.5) × 107 M−1 min−1and (9.2 ± 0.1) × 106 M−1 min−1 against tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD) and cyclosarin (GF), respectively, was found to be a leading candidate for further evaluation. To demonstrate the broad spectrum efficacy of I-F11 against G-agents, a sequential 5 × LD50 dose of GD, GF, GB and GA was administered to ten mice expressing I-F11 on days 3, 4, 5 and 6 following virus injection, respectively. At the conclusion of the experiment, 80% of the animals survived exposure to all four G-agents. Using the concept of stoichiometric efficacy, we determined that I-F11 affords protection from lethality against an administered dose of 10, 15, 90 and 80 molar equivalents of GA, GB, GD and GF, respectively, relative to the molar equivalents of I-F11 in circulation. It also appears that I-F11 can associate with high density lipoprotein in circulation, suggesting that I-F11 retained this function of native PON1. This combination of attractive attributes demonstrates that I-F11 is an attractive candidate for development as a broad-therapeutic against G-type nerve agent exposure.
Study on Fine-grained of Bulk 1Cr18Ni9Ti Austenitic Stainless Steel

The ultrafine mechanism of bulk 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel was investigated using martensite reversal transformation ultrafine grain method. And the influences of recrystallization annealing temperature and holding time on grain size were analyzed. The results show that the optimal recrystallization annealing process of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel to abtain 90% cold transformation is at temperature of 800 ℃ holding 40 min. In this case,the size of γ-grain is minimal (about6～10 μm),the best equilateral grade is obtained and the quantity of precipitated carbides is also minimal.
Geographic extent and variation of a coral reef trophic cascade.

Trophic cascades caused by a reduction in predators of sea urchins have been reported in Indian Ocean and Caribbean coral reefs. Previous studies have been constrained by their site-specific nature and limited spatial replication, which has produced site and species-specific understanding that can potentially preclude larger community-organization nuances and generalizations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the extent and variability of the cascade community in response to fishing across ~23° of latitude and longitude in coral reefs in the southwestern Indian Ocean. The taxonomic composition of predators of sea urchins, the sea urchin community itself, and potential effects of changing grazer abundance on the calcifying benthic organisms were studied in 171 unique coral reef sites. We found that geography and habitat were less important than the predator-prey relationships. There were seven sea urchin community clusters that aligned with a gradient of declining fishable biomass and the abundance of a key predator, the orange-lined triggerfish (Balistapus undulatus). The orange-lined triggerfish dominated where sea urchin numbers and diversity were low but the relative abundance of wrasses and emperors increased where sea urchin numbers were high. Two-thirds of the study sites had high sea urchin biomass (>2,300 kg/ha) and could be dominated by four different sea urchin species, Echinothrix diadema, Diadema savignyi, D. setosum, and Echinometra mathaei, depending on the community of sea urchin predators, geographic location, and water depth. One-third of the sites had low sea urchin biomass and diversity and were typified by high fish biomass, predators of sea urchins, and herbivore abundance, representing lightly fished communities with generally higher cover of calcifying algae. Calcifying algal cover was associated with low urchin abundance where as noncalcifying fleshy algal cover was not clearly associated with herbivore abundance. Fishing of the orange-lined triggerfish, an uncommon, slow-growing by-catch species with little monetary value drives the cascade and other predators appear unable to replace its ecological role in the presence of fishing. This suggests that restrictions on the catch of this species could increase the calcification service of coral reefs on a broad scale.
Erythropoietin mRNA levels are governed by both the rate of gene transcription and posttranscriptional events

The human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, synthesizes large quantities of erythropoietin (Epo) mRNA and protein in a regulated manner in response to hypoxia and cobaltous chloride (CoCl2). To further understand the regulation of Epo gene expression, we studied the effects of hypoxia and CoCl2 on the rate of Epo gene transcription. While Northern blot analyses showed that steady-state Epo mRNA levels increase more than 50-fold in response to hypoxia or CoCl2, nuclear run-off experiments demonstrated only a 10-fold increase in Epo gene transcription in response to these stimuli. In the presence of either actinomycin D (Act D) or cycloheximide, the stability of biologically functional Epo mRNA was much greater than that observed in the absence of these agents and much greater than that which has been reported in vivo. These findings suggest that the stability of Epo mRNA is modulated by the transcription and translation of rapidly turning over gene product(s). Thus, Epo mRNA levels are determined by both the rate of gene transcription and posttranscriptional events. These experiments demonstrate a potential pitfall in estimating mRNA half-lives based on Act D chase experiments alone.
Stellar and Interstellar Precursor Missions

Staggering as they may seem to us, interplanetary distances are puny compared to those to reach stars. Our Solar System is located about two-thirds of the way from the center of our Milky Way Galaxy to the rim, about 25,000 light-years from the galactic center on the inner edge of the Orion arm, see Fig. 8.1. Our Galaxy has a diameter of approximately 100,000 light-years and is roughly shaped as a luminous disk 12,000 light-years thick near its hub, decreasing to about 1000 light-years near its “arms.” Open image in new window Fig. 8.1 Artist’s view from astronomical measurements of our Galaxy and its arms (Courtesy Astronomy Trek)
Experimental Study of Diesel Engine Cycle-to-Cycle Variation—Part II: Correlation of Ignition Delay and Cylinder Pressure Variation

This paper summarizes the results of systematic experiments to determine the cycle-to-cycle variation in maximum cylinder pressure, ignition delay (ID), and corresponding ignition pressure in a single-cylinder test diesel engine at various rpm and compression ratios. Comparisons show that there is a high correlation between the cycle-to-cycle variation in ID and PI. Consequently, the variation in the ignition delays should be used instead of the maximum pressure
Methods for visualization of peptidoglycan biosynthesis

Abstract Peptidoglycan is a rigid envelope surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacterial species. It helps protect bacterial cells from environmental stress and helps preserve cell morphology throughout their life cycle. Peptidoglycan biosynthesis is also an important regulator of bacterial cell division. Since the discovery of penicillin, it has also been an important drug target for antibacterial discovery and development. As a result, a significant effort has been directed at expanding our knowledge of peptidoglycan biosynthesis and dynamics. One approach directed towards this goal enables visualization of peptidoglycan structures in either live or fixed cells. Recent advancements in microscopy have enabled scientists to study peptidoglycan structure, morphology, and organization at high resolution. In combination with structurally defined molecular probes, scientists are now able to perform highly specific, bioorthogonal probing of peptidoglycan structure and dynamics. In this chapter, we will survey peptidoglycan imaging techniques and discuss the findings obtained by these methods.
Application of Tricalcium Aluminate Instead of Lime for the Recovery of Aluminum in Middle-Low Grade Bauxite in Calcification-Carbonization Process

In the process of calcification-carbonization, the alkali and aluminum in the mid-low grade bauxite and red mud can be recovered. Aluminum is obtained in the form of low-concentration sodium aluminate solution which is comparatively difficult to reuse. In this paper, the low-concentration sodium aluminate solution was reused to prepare tricalcium aluminate and went back to the Calcification-Carbonization process instead of lime. When processing gibbsite and diasporic bauxite with Calcification-Carbonization method, the effect of calcium aluminate on dealkalization and dealumination was investigated. The results show that the alumina-silica ratio of these two ores can be both reduced to 0.70, and the sodium alkali content can be reduce to less than 0.50%. It indicates that it’s feasible to use calcium aluminate replacing lime. The proposal well solved the problem that aluminum is difficult to recycle at low concentrations and enhances the effectiveness and cleanness of Calcification-Carbonization process which has an extensive prospect.
Implications of Salivary Gland Developmental Mechanisms for the Regeneration of Adult Damaged Tissues

The convergence of the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine provides a potential blueprint to repair damaged tissues. Accordingly, a range of therapeutic applications have emerged that hold great potential to regenerate branching organs, such as salivary glands. This unique saliva-secreting organ is required for proper oral health, lubrication, immunity, and food digestion but is susceptible to damage either by co-irradiation as a side effect of radiotherapy cancer treatment, autoimmune-related Sjogren syndrome, disease-related medications, or surgical resection. This chapter focuses on fundamental cellular and molecular processes occurring during organ ontogenesis and in developing branching glands. We cover the growth of the epithelial compartment, which is the major functional component of the gland, but also how surrounding niches such as mesenchymal, endothelial, and neuronal cells communicate, intertwine, and influence the formation of glands and other branching organs. Finally, we highlight how this key information has created new regenerative-related approaches and how these impact future clinical translation.
Accommodating High Transformation Strains in Battery Electrodes via the Formation of Nanoscale Intermediate Phases: Operando Investigation of Olivine NaFePO4

Virtually all intercalation compounds exhibit significant changes in unit cell volume as the working ion concentration varies. NaxFePO4 (0 < x < 1, NFP) olivine, of interest as a cathode for sodium-ion batteries, is a model for topotactic, high-strain systems as it exhibits one of the largest discontinuous volume changes (∼17% by volume) during its first-order transition between two otherwise isostructural phases. Using synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (PXD) and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, we discover a new strain-accommodation mechanism wherein a third, amorphous phase forms to buffer the large lattice mismatch between primary phases. The amorphous phase has short-range order over ∼1nm domains that is characterized by a and b parameters matching one crystalline end-member phase and a c parameter matching the other, but is not detectable by powder diffraction alone. We suggest that this strain-accommodation mechanism may generally apply to systems with large transformation str...
Failure to Make the Correct Diagnosis – Part II (A Physical Therapist’s Perspective)

The 2013 International Headache Society (IHS) has identified 14 diagnostic categories for headache and facial pain [1] (Appendix 1). Each of these categories have several diagnostic subtypes for a total of 284 sources for headache and facial pain. This extensive list of headache and facial pain disorders becomes a diagnostic challenge even for the most seasoned clinicians. A thorough history and a cranial nerve exam assessing neurological deficit(s) and/or altered mental state can eliminate more serious pathologies that may be causing headache and facial pain. If pathology or infection is suspected, imaging studies and blood analysis would rule out most concerns [2]. Neuropathic and neurogenic sources for headache and facial pain must be considered but are very complex and difficult to diagnose [3]. Category 11 of the IHS classification system addresses additional diagnoses that are relatively common and can mimic and compound temporomandibular joint pain (Boxes 2.1 and 2.2).
Late I(Na) in the Heart: Physiology, Pathology, and Pathways.

In this issue of Circulation , Glynn and colleagues1 make an important contribution to our understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of late sodium current ( I Na) in the heart, with a focus on a key pathways regulating late I Na amplitude. They conducted well-designed and detailed studies with 2 new genetically engineered mouse lines: an S571A mouse that ablates phosphorylation by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII)2 selectively at serine 571 (S571) in the cardiac Na channel pore-forming protein Scn5a and an S571E mouse that mimics phosphorylation at S571. S571 was shown previously to be a target for phosphorylation by CaMKII, and this phosphorylation enhanced late I Na.2 The present studies in “knock-in” mice expressing either S571A or S571E have distinct advantages over earlier studies in heterologous expression systems, including cultured myocyte models, because they allow the study of whole-animal and organ phenotypes and cellular and molecular biophysical properties in a more native environment. These new in vivo studies reveal that, despite the extensive network of CaMKII targets, phosphorylation of S571 selectively regulates late I Na and, in particular, enhanced late I Na in failing heart. Article see p 567 Peak I Na is the large inward current flowing mainly through the cardiac Na+ channel pore formed by Scn5a, which is part of a larger sodium channel macromolecular complex. Members of this macromolecular complex act to localize the complex and to regulate I Na.3 With the onset of the action potential (AP) in the myocardium, the peak I Na rapidly rises and decays to nearly zero over several milliseconds. This I Na spike underlies excitability and conduction in working myocardium and the Purkinje conduction system. In contrast to peak I Na, late I Na is a small inward current, usually …
The Wave Length Relation for a Generalized Bessel's Antenna

The differential equations for an antenna of negligible resistance and leakage conductance are set up. Proceeding from previously deduced values of the inductance and capacity per centimeter along the antenna, the solution is obtained in terms of Bessel's Functions for the voltage and current distribution along the antenna. After simplification, the solution is interpreted, and curves enabling its ready employment are given.
Clinician-Stakeholders' Perspectives on Using Patient Portals to Return Lynch Syndrome Screening Results.

Test results for genetic conditions, such as Lynch Syndrome (LS), have traditionally been returned by genetic counselors or other providers who can explain results implications and provide psychosocial support. Returning genetic results through an Electronic Health Record’s patient portal may increase the efficiency of returning results and could activate patient follow-up; however, stakeholder input is necessary to determine acceptability and appropriate implementation for LS. Twenty interviews were conducted with clinicians from six specialties involved in LS screening that represent a range of settings. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis and thematic analysis across content categories. Participants felt that patient portals could supplement personal calls, but the potential sensitive nature of LS screening results indicated the need for caution. Others felt that LS results could be returned through portals if there were clear explanations of the result, reputable additional information available within the portal, urging follow up confirmatory testing, and a referral to a genetics specialist. Patient portals were seen as helpful for prompting patient follow-up and providing resources to notify at-risk family members. There is potential for patient portals to return LS screening and other genetic results, however we raise several issues to resolve before implementation is warranted.
Synergy of micro and nanosecond electrical pulses with chemotherapeutics on human cancer cell viability

Conventionally, microsecond electric pulses have been used for electroporation (μsEP) and electrochemotherapy (ECT). Recently, various studies have used nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP), which have different membrane effects. In addition to the differences in membrane effects, nanosecond pulses can directly manipulate intracellular organelles. Thus, it is of practical interest to study these two phenomena. In this study, changes in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell viability were explored under both μsEP and nsEP, using 100 μs, 240 μs, and 60 ns, with electric field strengths of 1.2, 0.5, and 35 kV/cm, respectively. With curcumin, eight, 0.5 kV/cm, 240 μs pulses the viability was 42%, compared to 75% at eight 0.5 kV/cm, 240μs pulses alone. These had an energy equivalent of 480J/cm3. In comparison, at 580 J/cm3, the nsEP, with curcumin and eight 35 kV/cm, 60 ns, the viability was 70%, and it was only 71% at eight 35 kV/cm, 60 ns pulses alone. This indicates that for the same energy, μs pulses reduce the viability more with curcumin, than with pulses only. In nsEP, without curcumin, the viability was inversely proportional to pulse energy, as viability reduced 2.5× with 2.5× increase in pulse number from 8 to 20 at 35 kV/cm, 60 ns. These results might be helpful in selecting more appropriate parameters for μsEP and nsEP for clinical applications.
3D Conceptual Design Using Deep Learning

This article proposes a data-driven methodology to achieve fast design support to generate or develop novel designs covering multiple object categories. This methodology implements two state-of-the-art Variational Autoencoder, dealing with 3D model data, with a self-defined loss function. The loss function, containing the outputs of individual layers in the autoencoder, obtains combinations of different latent features from different 3D model categories. This article provides detail explanation for utilizing the Princeton Model-Net40 database, a comprehensive clean collection of 3D CAD models for objects. After converting the original 3D mesh file to voxel and point cloud data type, the model will feed an autoencoder with data in the same dimension. The novelty is to leverage the power of deep learning methods as an efficient latent feature extractor to explore unknown designing areas. The output is expected to show a clear and smooth interpretation of the model from different categories to generate new shapes. This article will explore (1) the theoretical ideas, (2) the progress to implement Variational Autoencoder to attain implicit features from input shapes, (3) the results of output shapes during training in selected domains of both 3D voxel data and 3D point cloud data, and (4) the conclusion and future work to achieve the more outstanding goal.
Lung function in primary ciliary dyskinesia: breaking the myth that this is a mild disease.

Early diagnosis and intervention is essential to prevent progressive lung damage in primary ciliary dyskinesiahttp://ow.ly/JMCE30l8YVa
Post-dural Puncture Headache

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), a condition commonly caused by inadvertent dural puncture with a large-bore epidural needle, may also occur as a result of uncomplicated small-bore spinal needle insertion. The condition is characterized by a severe headache exacerbated in the upright position and relieved when the patient is supine but may involve nausea, vomiting and occasionally cranial nerve symptoms. Presented are the clinical findings, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of PDPH.
20 Systematic review registration in headache disorders

Objectives The principles of the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) manifesto focus in part on: identifying and fixing problems with research evidence, improving the quality of evidence, increasing research transparency, and reducing research waste1. Systematic Reviews (SRs), one method of synthesizing existing evidence, can be used to inform clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and policy decisions. With the advent of SR registries such as PROSPERO2, and the ability to prospectively register SR protocols, there has been an increased awareness regarding registration and transparency in the production of SRs. Registration can reduce research waste by informing prospective reviewers of planned and ongoing reviews, mitigating duplication of effort and resources for similar reviews. The primary objectives of this study are to: (1) identify the number of SRs prospectively registered in headache and migraine disorders within PROSPERO or in a scientific journal, and (2) understand reasons for not registering prior to publication through qualitative surveys among authors of SRs that did not have a prospective protocol. The secondary aims of this study – among those reviews which were registered – are to identify: (1) how many primary outcomes are discrepant or discordant with those reported in PROSPERO/published protocol and the completed systematic review, (2) how many outcomes were completely specified in the published protocol, and (3) how frequently was the PRISMA checklist used to report published systematic reviews. Method To locate published migraine and headache SR protocols, the following electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE (via SCOPUS), Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration, and Open Science Framework. The time range will cover all records between February 2011 - May 2019. Qualtrics will be used to develop and distribute surveys to SR authors when necessary. Citations will be managed using Endnote. To assess completeness in outcome reporting in SRs published in PROSPERO or protocol registration, we will use the Saldanha and colleagues (2014)3 five-element framework. Results The study design is still in the planning phase; there are no results to report at this moment. Conclusions Prospective registration of systematic reviews promotes honesty and transparency, and aids in reducing research waste and bias in the production and dissemination of systematic reviews. This ultimately results in better evidence to be used by policy makers, CPG developers, consumers, patients, academics, and clinicians. References Heneghan C, Mahtani KR, Goldacre B, et al. Evidence based medicine manifesto for better healthcare. BMJ2017;357:j2973. Booth A, Clarke M, Dooley G, et al. The nuts and bolts of PROSPERO: an international prospective register of systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2012;1:2 Saldanha IJ, Dickersin K, Wang X, et al. Outcomes in Cochrane systematic reviews addressing four common eye conditions: an evaluation of completeness and comparability. PloS one2014;9(10):e109400
A phase I study of oxaliplatin (OXA) and irinotecan (IRN) in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: A Children's Oncology Group study

9546 Background: Platinum analogues in combination with topoisomerase 1 inhibitors have been shown in in vitro studies to have synergistic anti-tumor activity. This study estimated the maximum tole...
Epidemiology of Diabetes and Hearing Loss

Hearing loss is a highly prevalent chronic condition. In addition to age, sex, noise exposure, and genetic predisposition, cardiovascular disease and its antecedents may precipitate hearing loss. Of emerging interest is the connection between diabetes and auditory dysfunction. Cross-sectional studies consistently suggest that prevalence of hearing loss is higher in persons with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, especially among younger persons. Furthermore, longitudinal studies have demonstrated higher incidence of hearing loss in persons with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. These findings seem to hold for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although considerably more population-based evidence is available for type 2 diabetes. Data on gestational diabetes and hearing outcomes are limited, as are data relating diabetes to otologic sequelae such as fungal infection. Here, we examine evidence from epidemiologic studies of diabetes and hearing loss and consider clinical and laboratory data where population-based data are lacking.
Cardiovascular Education Science: A Worthy Pursuit for Fellows-in-Training and Early Career Cardiologists?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the largest subspecialty in internal medicine, with 2,731 fellows enrolled in 216 accredited general CVD training programs in the United States during the 2017 to 2018 academic year ([1][1]). Training in CVD requires integrating unique intellectual, technical, and
Toxicity and Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Hepatitis B Infection Treated with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: An Updated 15-Year Study.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the toxicity and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection treated with yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) over a 15-year period. Materials and Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 93 consecutive patients with HBV HCC—all derived from an original cohort of 1,000 patients—who were treated with TARE via standard radiation segmentectomy/lobectomy between December 2003 and December 2018. This group comprised 80 males and 13 females, with 79 having only HBV and 14 having additional liver comorbidities. Toxicity grades were determined by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. Overall survival (OS) was reported using intention-to-treat (ITT), censored, or competing risk. Univariate/multivariate analyses were used to evaluate predictors of OS. Results Posttreatment grade 3/4 toxicities included albumin (1.1%), bilirubin (4.3%), aspartate transaminase (6.5%), and alanine transaminase (3.2%). Median censored OS was 16.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8–23.5): 17.5 months (95% CI, 11.5–86.9) for Child-Pugh (CP) A and 14.5 months (95% CI, 5.2–22.5) for CP B; not reached, 16.9 months (95% CI, 11.2–68.7), and 11.5 months (95% CI, 8.6–17.5) for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) A, B, and C, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and portal vein thrombosis as independent predictors of ITT OS and albumin and tumor size as predictors when curative therapy was assigned as a competing risk. Conclusions This retrospective study showed that TARE therapy resulted in minimal toxicity in patients with HBV-derived HCC. Patients with CP A or BCLC A disease had superior survival outcomes compared to patients with CP B and BCLC B/C disease. These findings suggest that TARE is a viable treatment option for certain patient groups with HCC tumors secondary to HBV infection.
A Foray Into Extracting Malicious Features from Executable Code with Neural Network Salience

We have previously created successful neural networks for malware detection. Here, we examine a network with salience to extract parts of an input deemed important. We show that the blocks we extract are what is important to the network, are unique to their class, and show clear similarities when clustered.
Study of antibiotic use in children

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is of special concern globally.Nevertheless, antibiotic over use in children remains common.Overall, antibiotic use has decreased during recent years.However, prescription rates of antibiotics were still high and there is a substantial increase of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing.Several factors exist in antibiotic use of children, including vaccination, guideline, clinical pathway management, prescribers, and parents' perceptions of antibiotics, et al.Therefore, the significant evaluation of antibiotic rational use in children needs further studies in detail. Key words: Child; Antibiotic; Rational use
Inverse Differential Games With Mixed Inequality Constraints

Scenarios in which multiple agents interact in a goal-directed manner can be modeled as differential games. Here each agent aims to optimize an associated cost function. Systems ranging from classical economic models to emerging applications in autonomous vehicles can fit into this framework. In scenarios such as analysis of human or animal behaviors, the cost-functions are not known. In order to design control strategies that interact with such agents, the objectives must be modeled or identified. This paper presents a methodology for identifying cost functions for interacting agents. In particular, we identify costs that lead to open-loop Nash equilibria for nonzero-sum constrained differential games. To solve this problem, we extend an inverse optimal control method, known as residual optimization, to the case of differential games. In this paper, we show that residual optimization is tractable for constrained differential games. Specifically, the residual optimization problems turn out to be fully decoupled. Numerical examples indicate that accurate costs can be learned from observing trajectories.
Long-range density patterns in a six-beam optical lattice from polarization interference

We report a correlation between periodic patterns of cold-atom density and field polarization that gives new insight into a nearly 30 year old question about the role of optical phases in laser cooling. The laser field of three intersecting pairs of counter-propagating σ+−σ− beams is widely used for cooling of atoms in magneto-optical traps and optical molasses. This six-beam optical lattice differs from four-beam lattices in having two “excess” phase constants of the optical standing waves. These relative time phases are independent degrees of freedom that affect key lattice properties, such as the polarization of the potential wells and the sub-Doppler cooling process. In this work, we create one-dimensional and two-dimensional spatial gradients of the optical phases in a six-beam lattice by slightly tilting the retro-reflected beams. This tilt imparts a long-range periodicity (∼mm) to the lattice polarization, creating a superlattice in which atoms are seen to diffuse into a periodic density distribution over several milliseconds. We find that high density is correlated with low field ellipticity; atoms move preferentially into regions where the field is linearly polarized. Such a non-uniform density may be important in cold collision experiments and may have applications in the preparation of atoms for atomic clocks and quantum computation.
Biophotonics Solutions to Global Health Challenges

This talk will examine the challenges of designing and translating new biophotonics technologies to solve real clinical needs, drawing from examples to improve early detection of cervical cancer for women in Texas and Latin America, to improve point-of-care diagnosis of COVID-19, and to improve newborn survival in African hospitals. The talk will summarize lessons learned to increase the diversity of innovation teams, and to increase the impact and sustainability of the resulting innovations.
Revision Rates in Prepectoral Versus Subpectoral Delayed-Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

Introduction Breast reconstruction in the prepectoral plane has recently fallen into favor. Minimizing the number of revisionary procedures after reconstruction is an important factor in improving patient care, but long-term studies on the effects of prepectoral reconstruction are limited. In this study, we compare the revision rates after delayed-immediate, autologous reconstruction between prepectoral and subpectoral reconstructions. Methods Postoperative charts for all patients undergoing subpectoral or prepectoral delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed at our single tertiary-care institution between 2009 and 2018. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and oncologic history were recorded. Charts after second stage reconstruction were reviewed for up to eighteen months to determine if revisions were necessary. Data collected included the total number of surgeries performed, the average number of procedures performed during each surgery, and the type of revision that was performed. Statistical tests included the chi squared test, unpaired t-test, and logistic regressions. Results Data from 89 patients with 125 breast reconstructions were collected. There was a 41.6% of these that were prepectoral reconstructions (P), and 58.4% were subpectoral reconstructions (S). For both groups, nipple sparing, followed by skin sparing mastectomies were most common. Mastectomy rates were not statistically different. Fewer breasts in the prepectoral cohort required any revisions (P, 21.2% vs S, 47.9%; P = 0.002). The subpectoral cohort had higher rates of soft tissue rearrangement (P, 7.7% vs S, 21.9%, P = 0.032), fat grafting (P, 9.6% vs S, 27.4%; P = 0.014), and nipple reconstruction (P: 5.8% vs 20.5%, P = 0.020). Mean follow-up time was not significantly different between patient groups (P, 290.5 days vs S, 375.0 days, P = 0.142). Subpectoral expander placement was found to be the only variable independently predictive of requiring 1 or more revision (P = 0.034). Conclusions Breast reconstruction performed in the prepectoral plane is associated with lower overall rates of revisionary surgery. Rates of soft tissue rearrangement, fat grafting, and nipple reconstruction after autologous reconstruction trended higher in subpectoral reconstructions.
Identification and mapping of a novel resistance gene to the rice pathogen, Cercospora janseana

The genetic architecture of resistance to Cercospora janseana was examined, and a single resistance locus was identified. A SNP marker was identified and validated for utilization in U.S. breeding germplasm Cercospora janseana (Racib.) is a fungal pathogen that causes narrow brown leaf spot (NBLS) in rice. Although NBLS is a major disease in the southern United States and variation in resistance among U.S. rice germplasm exists, little is known about the genetic architecture underlying the trait. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population was evaluated for NBLS resistance under natural disease infestation in the field across three years. A single, large-effect QTL, CRSP-2.1, was identified that explained 81.4% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL was defined to a 532 kb physical interval and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across the region to characterize the haplotype diversity present in U.S. rice germplasm. A panel of 387 U.S. rice germplasm was genotyped with the 13 haplotype SNPs and phenotyped over two years for NBLS resistance. Fourteen haplotypes were identified, with six haplotypes accounting for 94% of the panel. The susceptible haplotype from the RIL population was the only susceptible haplotype observed in the U.S. germplasm. A single SNP was identified that distinguished the susceptible haplotype from all resistant haplotypes, explaining 52.7% of the phenotypic variation for NBLS resistance. Pedigree analysis and haplotype characterization of historical germplasm demonstrated that the susceptible haplotype was introduced into Southern U.S. germplasm through the California line L-202 into the Louisiana variety Cypress. Cypress was extensively used as a parent over the last 25 years, resulting in the susceptible CRSP-2.1 allele increasing in frequency from zero to 44% in the modern U.S. germplasm panel.