cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Androgen Action and Stress

Androgens belong to a class of steroid hormones that circulate at high levels in males. However, androgens should not be thought of as exclusively male hormones since they are also produced in females, though at much lower levels. The predominant mode of androgen action is through binding in target tissues to a specific receptor termed the androgen receptor. This receptor can regulate the expression of a set of androgen-responsive genes. The synthesis, transport, and release of androgens to the bloodstream, their actions on target tissues, and their effects on stressor related neuroendocrine function and behaviors are addressed here.
Emerging Role of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia:

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) are rare but potentially limb- and life-threatening complications of heparin therapy. Continuation of heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin is contraindicated due to platelet activation in the presence of (heparin-dependent) HIT antibodies. Primary treatment options currently include argatroban, fondaparinux, or bivalirudin. However, the parenteral administration routes and interference of argatroban with traditional coagulation markers complicate management. The goal of this review is to assess the viability of direct oral anticoagulants as an alternative treatment option in patients with HIT/HITT. Their use in HIT/HITT is reasonable, given absent cross-reactivity preformed with HIT antibodies. Furthermore, their rapid onset of action and induction of effective anticoagulation provide a favorable basis for their use in this condition. Herein, we summarize 3 studies and 8 case reports comprising 56 patients in whom direct oral anticoagulants were used in the treatment of HIT/HITT.
Multiquadrant robotic colorectal surgery: the da Vinci Xi vs Si comparison

The newly introduced da Vinci Xi Surgical System hopes to address the shortcomings of its predecessor, specifically robotic arm restrictions and difficulty working in multiple quadrants. We compare the two robot platforms in multiquadrant surgery at a major colorectal referral center. Forty-four patients in the da Vinci Si group and 26 patients in the Xi group underwent sigmoidectomy or low anterior resection between 2014 and 2016. Patient demographics, operative variables, and postoperative outcomes were compared using descriptive statistics. Both groups were similar in age, sex, BMI, pelvic surgeries, and ASA class. Splenic flexure was mobilized in more (p = 0.045) da Vinci Xi cases compared to da Vinci Si both for sigmoidectomy (50 vs 15.4%) and low anterior resection (60 vs 29%). There was no significant difference in operative time (219.9 vs 224.7 min; p = 0.640), blood loss (170.0 vs 188.1 mL; p = 0.289), length of stay (5.7 vs 6 days; p = 0.851), or overall complications (26.9 vs 22.7%; p = 0.692) between the da Vinci Xi and Si groups, respectively. Single-dock multiquadrant robotic surgery, measured by splenic flexure mobilization with concomitant pelvic dissection, was more frequently performed using the da Vinci Xi platform with no increase in operative time, bleeding, or postoperative complications. The new platform provides surgeons an easier alternative to the da Vinci Si dual docking or combined robotic/laparoscopic multiquadrant surgery.
Cognitive-Emotive Training

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe the effect on the weight, health and functioning of cognitive-emotive training (CET) delivered by registered dietitians (RDs) to obese adults. CET produces specific psychological, biomedical and behavioral skills in obese adults and was developed at UGSF by Mellin based on the same theory as the Shapedown Program, a family based pediatric obesity intervention. Participation hi family based child obesity treatment has been associated with maintenance of weight losses at 10-year follow-up. CET was delivered to 29 adults by an R.D and mental health professional. Groups met weekly (X = 18 weeks). Data were available on 21 of these patients (19 non-hispanic whites, 1 hispanic, 1 black; 20 females, 1 male; X age=44.2 years (23–58 years); X BMI - 33.2 (24.2 to 44.8). At post-treatment, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased 7.8% and 10.2% respectively and mean depression scores decreased 62.7%. Weight loss at 12 ,26 and 52 weeks was -9.6#, -13.3# and -13.5$ respectively. Mean post-treatment weight change of CET was - 3.51 compared to + 8.4# based on reference data for behavior modification (Ann Intern Med 1993:119 (7 pt 2): 689-701). Mean changes in exercise (min/wk) of CET at 12, 26 and 52 weeks were +138, +108 and +136 respectively. Improvement in functioning at one year was reported by 90% of CET subjects for health, 33% for medications, 19% for substance use, 42% for financial management, 90% for work effectiveness, 81% for relationship satisfaction and 90% for psychological functioning. Data consistent with recommendations (JADA 95:96-105,1995) will be presented. CET may produce long term improvements in the health and functioning of obese patients. Additional studies have been planned.
Too big to fail and bank loan accounting in developing nations: Evidence from the Mexican financial crisis

Abstract During the 1990s and early 2000s, developing nations in all parts of the world experienced financial crisis. Studies have documented, both theoretically and empirically, that authorities’ guarantee that insolvent financial institutions would be “bailed out” increased the incentives of banks, especially large institutions, to take on excessive loan risk. However, little research has been conducted on how the possibility of being “bailed out” impacts banks’ decisions regarding the understatement of loan loss reserves (i.e. the tendency to conceal loan risk). We argue that the Mexican financial crisis of the 1990s represents a rich setting to investigate the link between “bailout assistance” and banks’ accounting for loan loss reserves. The analysis of loan trends for the entire financial system shows that Mexican banks fully reserved non-performing loans not in 1997, when new accounting standards took effect, but rather in 1999–2001, after the largest institutions had been sold to foreign banks and international bailout assistance had been exhausted. Also, the results show that in the period preceding their sale to foreign institutions, “Too Big To Fail” (TBTF) banks used bailout assistance to directly manage their reserves. By contrast smaller banks used non-bailout sources of capital to reserve non-performing consumer loans, and directly swapped non-performing commercial loans for bailout assistance. Thus, while both TBTF and smaller banks utilized bailout assistance, the bailout funds only affected loan loss reserve levels in the case of TBTF banks.
Requirements and Capabilities for Fielding Cryogenic DT-Containing Fill-Tube Targets for Direct-Drive Experiments on OMEGA

AbstractImproving the performance of direct-drive cryogenic targets at the Omega Laser Facility requires the development of a new cryogenic system to (1) field nonpermeable targets with a fill tube and (2) provide a clean environment around the target. This capability is to demonstrate that imploding a scaled-down version of the direct-drive ignition target for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) on the OMEGA laser will generate the hot-spot pressure that is needed for ignition; this will justify future cryogenic direct-drive experiments on the NIF cryogenic targets. The paper describes the target, the cryogenic equipment that is being constructed to achieve this goal, and the proposed target delivery process. Thermal calculations, fill tube–based target designs, and structural/vibrational analyses are provided to demonstrate the credibility of the design.This new design will include capabilities not available (or possible) with the existing OMEGA cryogenic system, with the emphasis being to preserve a p...
Treatment Paradigms in Bladder Cancer: Clinical Implications of Histological and Molecular Analysis

Despite significant recent advances in characterization of the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer, incorporation of these new discoveries into current standard clinical treatment paradigms remains limited. As a result, the treatment of bladder cancer continues to rely heavily on clinical and pathological classifiers of disease that dictate current therapeutic algorithms. Although risk stratification methods for both non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer can potentially assist in categorizing patients into different treatment groups, there is an urgent need for rapid translation of recent advances in the molecular biology of bladder cancer into standard of care. We review the current clinical treatment paradigms in bladder cancer and discuss opportunities for integration of precision molecular therapy into existing algorithms.
Command and Control Collaboration Sand Table (C2-CST)

A Command and Control (C2) display system using the Microsoft HoloLens and the Intelligent Multi-UxV Planner with Adaptive Collaborative Control Technologies (IMPACT) has been developed as a demonstration of a new advanced user interface. This allows for human-to-human-to-machine collaboration for situational awareness, decision making, and C2 planning and execution of simulated multi-unmanned heterogeneous autonomous vehicles. The advanced user interface allows multiple operators to collaborate across a shared holographic sand table and control multiple vehicles. Multiple networking frameworks were used to offload the computation of vehicle autonomy and planning algorithms to allow the HoloLens to run efficiently for an improved user experience. Additionally, the concept of pseudo-classified information filtering allows for tiers of classification levels for each HoloLens user derived from a ‘need-to-know’ classification basis.
Dynamic Cost-Aware Routing of Web Requests

Work within next generation networks considers additional network convergence possibilities and the integration of new services to the web. This trend responds to the ongoing growth of end-user demand for services that can be delivered anytime, anywhere, on any web-capable device, and of traffic generated by new applications, e.g., the Internet of Things. To support the massive traffic generated by the enormous user base and number of devices with reliability and high quality, web services run from redundant servers. As new servers need to be regularly deployed at different geographical locations, energy costs have become a source of major concern for operators. We propose a cost aware method for routing web requests across replicated and distributed servers that can exploit the spatial and temporal variations of both electricity prices and the server network. The method relies on a learning automaton that makes per-request decisions, which can be computed much faster than regular global optimization methods. Using simulation and testbed measurements, we show the cost reductions that are achievable with minimal impact on performance compared to standard web routing algorithms.
Smart Apps aus der Wolke

Mobile Endgerate wie Smartphones und Tablet-Computer haben in den letzten Jahren starke Verbreitung erlangt. Lange Laufzeiten, Mobilitat und einfache Bedienung stellen oft genannte Vorteile dieser Gerate dar, ihre beschrankte Rechenleistung einen der grosten Nachteile. Kombiniert mit Cloud Computing ergeben sich jedoch vollig neue Nutzungsmoglichkeiten. Im Zusammenspiel mit mobilen Endgeraten konnen uber die Cloud vernetzte Anwendungen optimiert und ganzlich neue Anwendungstypen geschaffen werden. Hierzu sind durchgangige Entwicklungs- und Technologieplattformen mit Cross-Platform-Werkzeugen, Konzepte zum sicheren Betrieb und Vernetzung von Cloud- und Device-Komponenten erforderlich, um neben der gewunschten Funktionalitat auch Sicherheit, Datenschutz und Compliance zu gewahrleisten. Der Buchbeitrag gibt einen Uberblick uber den aktuellen Stand und die Moglichkeiten, mit Hilfe der Microsoft-Plattform effizient Cloud-basierte, verteilte mobile Anwendungen fur verschiedene mobile Plattformen zu erstellen und zu betreiben.
NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS AND HYPERTENSION : WHICH ONES AFFECT BLOOD PRESSURE ?

Hypertensive patients should be aware of the possible effects of nonprescription medications on blood pressure control. For absolute safety, no adrenergic agents should be used. Nasal phenylephrine hydrochloride is probably the safest of these agents, and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride may also be safe. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and ephedrine sulfate are probably best avoided. The effects of other adrenergic agents (eg, epinephrine) on blood pressure have not been clinically evaluated. Ibuprofen may elevate blood pressure if taken in maximum over-the-counter doses for more than a few days. The ethanol and sodium chloride content of nonprescription drugs taken in recommended doses does not appear to pose a great hazard.
Atomic and Molecular Structure

It is my goal here to review some recent developments in the rigorous mathematical study of atomic and molecular structure.
Cannabinoid Effects on Biopsychological, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurological Processes

There have been several reviews of the therapeutic potential of both natural and synthetic cannabinoids (1,2). These reviews strongly suggest potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in motivational processes and their associated disorders (hunger, appetite, pain), psychological disorders (anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol dependence), and central nervous system (CNS) disorders (vomiting and nausea, spasticity, dystonia, brain damage, epilepsy). This chapter, for the most part, covers developments since these reviews were published.
PROSTHETIC LIMB USER EXPERIENCES WITH CROSSOVER FEET: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY TO EXPLORE OUTCOMES THAT MATTER

INTRODUCTION A variety of prosthetic feet are available to meet the diverse needs of people with lower limb amputation. Outcome measures selected to assess comparative effectiveness of prosthetic feet are most often chosen by clinicians and researchers.1 Therefore, these measures may not reflect the outcomes that are most important to lower limb prosthesis users. Qualitative research can give voice to prosthesis users and promote the consideration of user priorities when selecting outcome measures for clinical assessment and research studies. This study explored the lived experience and outcomes of importance to individuals who have worn both traditional energy storing feet and crossover feet. Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32042/24456 How to cite: McDonald C.L, Cheever S.M , Morgan S.J., Hafner B.J. PROSTHETIC LIMB USER EXPERIENCES WITH CROSSOVER FEET: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY TO EXPLORE OUTCOMES THAT MATTER. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32042 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee. http://www.aopanet.org/
Restructuring of amygdala subregion apportion across adolescence

Abstract Total amygdala volumes continue to increase from childhood to young adulthood. Interestingly, postmortem studies have found postnatal neuron numbers increase in a nuclei specific fashion across development, suggesting amygdala maturation may involve changes to its composition. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine amygdala subregion apportionment in vivo and examine if these patterns were associated with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and pubertal status in a large sample of typically developing adolescents (N=421, 44% female, ages 10-17 years). We utilized the CIT168 atlas to examine the relative volume fraction (RVF) of 9 subregions within each hemisphere of the amygdala. Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) were used to assess how demographic variables (e.g. age, sex) and physical development (e.g. BMI and pubertal status) were associated with amygdala RVFs. Results showed that age associations varied significantly by sex for the RVFs of the lateral (LA), basolateral ventral and paralaminar subdivision (BLVPL), central nucleus (CEN), and amygdala transition areas (ATA). While pubertal development was found to be associated with RVFs in the BLVPL, CEN, and ATA in males, best-fit model comparisons revealed that age was the best predictor of relative volumes of these subregions. These results suggest that the relative apportionment of the amygdala further develops with age in males across adolescence. These findings may help elucidate how sex differences could impact the prevalence of mental health disorders that arise during this adolescent period of development. Significance Statement Given the heterogeneity of cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and function between amygdala subregions, naturally more research is needed to understand amygdala composition across human adolescence. Our findings show that males, but not females, demonstrate amygdala composition development across the adolescent years of 10 to 17. In males, there is a relative expansion of the lateral and central subregions, but a contraction of the basolateral ventral and paralaminar subdivision and amygdala transition areas within the amygdala. Distinct maturation patterns of the amygdaloid complex across adolescence may be an important mechanism contributing to sex differences in emotional processing as well as the onset, prevalence, and symptomatology for affective disorders that typically emerge during this developmental period.
Smart Composites and Hybrid Soft-Foldable Technologies for Minimally Invasive Surgical Robots

Abstract Endoscopes are long, flexible instruments used to navigate the body exploiting natural orifices, reach a surgical target area, and perform diagnosis. However, the flexibility required for safe navigation conflicts with forces and dexterity that can be provided distally, and causes loss of sensor feedback, making instrument control poor and limiting the therapeutic capabilities of endoscopes. Efforts to solve these issues are limited by the engineering challenges of developing articulated, three-dimensional, miniaturized mechanisms with integrated sensing and actuation, which are safe for medical applications and combine different materials (i.e., soft elements). In this chapter, two different examples of smart, millimeter-scale robots combining distal articulation and sensor feedback for minimally invasive surgery are discussed. Technical aspects, such as materials and component selection, manufacturing, and testing are analyzed. The first is a flexible, 2-mm catheter-like robot for laser-assisted transurethral surgery of the prostate, provided with optical sensing and cable-driven actuation. The second device is a millimeter-scale, multi degrees-of-freedom robotic arm for endoscopic surgery. This is composed of hybrid soft-foldable actuators and sensors, fabricated through incorporating soft materials and rigid structural components, and taking inspiration from the principles of origami and kirigami.
Response to Induction Chemotherapy with Novel Agents Does Not Predict Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Abstract 1347 Introduction: High dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is a standard therapy option for at least young ( Methods: The study involves 63 consecutive patients who underwent a planned, single AHCT within 1-year of starting induction chemotherapy with regimens containing Thal, Len, or Bor, between 2000–2009. All patients with normal renal function received uniform conditioning with Mel200 (MEL140 if serum creatinine was >2 mg/dl). The disease response pre- and post transplant was determined by using the IMWG criteria. SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Outcomes of patients achieving at least a PR (P-group; n=54) before AHCT were compared with one not achieving at least a PR (NO-P-group; n=9). As an exploratory analysis outcomes of patient achieving at least a very good partial response (VGPR) (V-group; n=40) with ones not achieving at least a VGPR (NO-V-group) was also performed (no-V group; n=23). Results: The mean age of the patients at transplant was 53yrs (range 44 –72yrs). 68 % (n=43) of patients were male. At diagnosis 42 patients (66%) had Salmon-Durie stage III disease, while 21 (34%) had stage I/II disease. Median Karnofsky performance status was 90. At the time of AHCT, the median HCT-CI score was 0. 33 % (n=21) of the patients received radiation therapy prior to transplant. At a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3 year OS of patients in P-group and NO-P-group was 58% vs. 60% (p=0.93) respectively. The 3 year PFS in similar order was 22% vs. 31% (p=0.74). The 3 year OS of patients in V-group and NO-V-group (44% vs. 62%) was also not significantly different (p=0.53). Respective figures of 3 year PFS are 22% vs. 24% (p=0.72) respectively. 3yr non relapse mortality was 5% for the whole cohort. Of the 31 patients that entered an AHCT with a PR, 15 improved to a CR post transplant, 2 improved their status to a VGPR whereas 14 remained in a PR. A total of 9 patients entered an AHCT with a stable disease (SD) of which 5 advanced to a CR, 3 a PR and one remained in SD. On the other hand of the 6 patients who entered an AHCT with a VGPR, 2 improved to a CR whereas the rest maintained their status. Finally, all the 17 patients entering an AHCT with a CR maintained their status. Conclusion: Our limited, retrospective data suggest acceptable AHCT outcomes in MM patients who do not achieve at least a PR in response to novel induction chemotherapies pre-transplantation. Failure to achieve a PR following novel induction therapies should not ‘routinely’ preclude consideration for high-dose therapy and AHCT. Disclosures: Abraham: Genentech: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Craig: Genentech: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Hamadani: celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; otsuka: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
Biomarkers of Exposure among Adult Smokeless Tobacco Users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013–2014)

Background: Monitoring population-level toxicant exposures from smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is important for assessing population health risks due to product use. In this study, we assessed tobacco biomarkers of exposure (BOE) among SLT users from the Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Methods: Urinary biospecimens were collected from adults ages 18 and older. Biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), metals, and inorganic arsenic were analyzed and reported among exclusive current established SLT users in comparison with exclusive current established cigarette smokers, dual SLT and cigarette users, and never tobacco users. Results: In general, SLT users (n = 448) have significantly higher concentrations of BOE to nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs compared with never tobacco users; significant dose–response relationships between frequency of SLT use and biomarker concentrations were also reported among exclusive SLT daily users. Exclusive SLT daily users have higher geometric mean concentrations of total nicotine equivalent-2 (TNE2) and TSNAs than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were substantially lower among exclusive SLT daily users than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. Conclusions: Our study produced a comprehensive assessment of SLT product use and 52 biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Compared with cigarette smokers, SLT users experience greater concentrations of some tobacco toxicants, including nicotine and TSNAs. Impact: Our data add information on the risk assessment of exposure to SLT-related toxicants. High levels of harmful constituents in SLT remain a health concern.
Engineered bamboo in China

Abstract This chapter provides a summary description about the engineered bamboo applications in building structures. Glued laminated bamboo or glubam is given detailed introduction as it has been relatively widely studied and utilized in real constructions. The chapter provides detailed information on material properties of glubam and results of research on glubam structural elements. Typical applications of glubam in buildings and bridges are then described.
Effect of Vaginal Lactobacillus Species on Escherichia coli Growth.

Objectives Lactobacillus probiotics have been proposed as an antibiotic-sparing prevention strategy for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Our objective was to examine the relative ability of the 4 most common vaginal Lactobacillus species to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, the most common cause of UTIs. Methods Conditioned media (CM) was created from 4 laboratory strains of Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus iners, and 6 clinical strains of L. crispatus. One laboratory strain of E. coli was cocultured with each CM, as well as with various acidic solutions. Three clinical strains of E. coli from women with acute cystitis were cocultured with the CM from a laboratory strain of L. crispatus. Bacterial growth was compared between experimental variants and media control using analysis of variance. Results Growth of E. coli was inhibited by CM from L. crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri, but not L. iners. The magnitude of inhibition was correlated with the pH of the individual CM and the concentration of D-lactic acid. Different acids inhibited E. coli growth in proportion to the pH of the acid solution. Similar levels of inhibition were seen when L. crispatus was incubated with clinical E. coli strains as with laboratory E. coli. Conclusions Three of the most common vaginal Lactobacillus species inhibit E. coli growth, likely through creating a low pH environment. However, L. iners, one of the most common species found after menopause, does not. These findings might be leveraged to more effectively manage UTIs.
Deep Learning Convective Flow Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks.

We developed a general deep learning framework, FluidGAN, that is capable of learning and predicting time-dependent convective flow coupled with energy transport. FluidGAN is thoroughly data-driven with high speed and accuracy and satisfies the physics of fluid without any prior knowledge of underlying fluid and energy transport physics. FluidGAN also learns the coupling between velocity, pressure and temperature fields. Our framework could be used to learn deterministic multiphysics phenomena where the underlying physical model is complex or unknown.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy of the Cogstate Brief Battery and Auditory Verbal Learning Test in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease and Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment: Implications for Defining Subtle Objective Cognitive Impairment.

Background There are detectable cognitive differences in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To determine whether cross-sectional performance on the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) could identify 1) CU participants with preclinical AD defined by neuroimaging biomarkers of amyloid and tau, and 2) incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia. Method CU participants age 50+ were eligible if they had 1) amyloid (A) and tau (T) imaging within two years of their baseline CBB or 2) at least one follow-up visit. AUROC analyses assessed the ability of measures to differentiate groups. We explored the frequency of cross-sectional subtle objective cognitive impairment (sOBJ) defined as performance ≤-1 SD on CBB Learning/Working Memory Composite (Lrn/WM) or AVLT delayed recall using age-corrected normative data. Results A+T+ (n = 33, mean age 79.5) and A+T- (n = 61, mean age 77.8) participants were older than A-T- participants (n = 146, mean age 66.3), and comparable on sex and education. Lrn/WM did not differentiate A + T+or A+T- from A-T- participants. AVLT differentiated both A+T+ and A+T- from A-T- participants; 45% of A+T+ and 25% of A+T- participants met sOBJ criteria. The follow-up cohort included 150 CU individuals who converted to MCI/dementia and 450 age, sex, and education matched controls. Lrn/WM and AVLT differentiated between stable and converter CU participants. Conclusion Among CU participants, AVLT helped differentiate A+T+ and A+T- from A-T- participants. The CBB did not differentiate biomarker subgroups, but showed potential for predicting incident MCI/dementia. Results inform future definitions of sOBJ.
Elective robotic hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum in the second trimester: Case report.

Abstract Background A scheduled pre-viable hysterectomy is a treatment option for women with early diagnosed placenta accreta spectrum who do not wish future fertility. A minimally invasive hysterectomy with pregnancy in situ for placenta accreta spectrum has not been previously reported. Case A patient with evidence of placenta accreta spectrum on prenatal imaging underwent an elective robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy at 16 weeks of gestation. The procedure was uncomplicated and she was discharged on postoperative day 1. Pathology was consistent with placenta percreta. Conclusion Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy with pregnancy in situ is feasible in a patient with placenta accreta spectrum in the second trimester. Teaching points 1. Early diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum is important for surgical planning and management. 2. We present a technique for minimally invasive hysterectomy in a patient with placenta accreta spectrum diagnosed before viability.
Synaptic inputs to the inferior olive from cerebellar and vestibular nuclei have distinct release kinetics and neurotransmitters

Abstract The inferior olive (IO) is comprised of electrically-coupled neurons that make climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells. Neurons in different IO subnuclei are inhibited by synapses with wide ranging release kinetics. Inhibition can be exclusively synchronous, asynchronous, or a mixture of both. Whether the same boutons, neurons or sources provide these kinetically distinct types of inhibition was not known. We find that the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) and vestibular nuclei (VN) are two major sources of inhibition to the IO that are specialized to provide inhibitory input with distinct kinetics. DCN to IO synapses lack fast synaptotagmin isoforms, release neurotransmitter asynchronously, and are exclusively GABAergic. VN to IO synapses contain fast synaptotagmin isoforms, release neurotransmitter synchronously, and are mediated by combined GABAergic and glycinergic transmission. These findings indicate that VN and DCN inhibitory inputs to the IO are suited to control different aspects of IO activity.
Structure-property relationships and mobility optimization in sputtered La-doped BaSn O 3 films: Toward 100 c m 2 V − 1 s − 1 mobility

The wide band gap semiconducting perovskite $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is of high current interest due to outstanding room temperature mobility at high electron density, fueled by potential applications in oxide, transparent, and power electronics. Due in part to a lack of lattice-matched substrates, $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films suffer from high defect densities, however, limiting electron mobility. Additionally, the vast majority of $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin film research has focused on pulsed laser deposition or molecular beam epitaxy. Here, we present an exhaustive optimization of the mobility of ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{La}}_{0.02}\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films grown by a scalable, high-throughput method: high-pressure-oxygen sputter deposition. Considering target synthesis conditions, substrate selection, buffer layer structure, deposition temperature, deposition rate, thickness, and postdeposition annealing conditions, and by combining high-resolution x-ray diffraction, reciprocal space mapping, rocking curve analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and temperature-dependent electronic transport measurements, detailed understanding of synthesis-structure-property relationships is attained. Optimized room temperature mobility of $96\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}^{\text{--}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\text{--}1}$ is achieved in vacuum-annealed $\mathrm{GdSc}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(110)/$\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(120 nm)/${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{La}}_{0.02}\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(200 nm) heterostructures, as well as $92\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}^{\text{--}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\text{--}1}$ on unbuffered substrates and $87\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}^{\text{--}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\text{--}1}$ without postdeposition annealing. These results, including important trends in defect densities and a surprising dependence of mobility on lattice mismatch, substantially expand the understanding of the interplay between deposition conditions, microstructure, and transport in doped $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films, establishing competitive mobilities in films fabricated via a scalable, high-throughput, industry-standard technique.
When Physiology and Ecology Meet: The Interdependency Between Foraging Ecology and Reproduction in Otariids

Otariids exhibit a semiaquatic lifestyle, feeding in the water and breeding and resting on land. Fur seals and sea lions, the two groups of otariids, exhibit an overall income breeding system where the females alternate between trips to the foraging grounds and periods at the breeding colony to feed the pup. How far and how long lactating females can be away from their foraging trips is ultimately dictated by ecological and physiological tradeoffs. In this chapter, we examine the interrelations between behavior and physiology and how they enable or constrain the reproductive, foraging biology, and life history of otariids. For example, income breeding limits otariid females to forage near their reproductive colonies, which constrains them to inhabit highly productive oceanographic regions. Further, as sea lions are larger than fur seals they are capable of deeper and longer dives. As a result, fur seals tend to feed closer to the surface in the epipelagic regions, while sea lions tend to forage in deeper environments on benthic, epipelagic and mesopelagic prey. We review the patterns of resource acquisition and allocation, including an examination of the energetics of reproduction, milk composition, foraging behavior, and differences between fur seals and sea lions. Further, we assess how these factors may have led to their current distribution and demographic trends during the last decades. We finish by discussing how these physiological and ecological tradeoffs would have influenced the evolutionary history of otariids in the deep time.
Molecular basis for the accelerated senescence response to Adriamycin in MCF-7 breast and HCT-116 tumor cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4989 Rationale. An accelerated or premature senescence response to antitumor drugs and ionizing radiation has been reported in tumor cell lines, tumor xenografts and in clinical samples. The response appears to be, in large part (but not exclusively) dependent on functional p53, induction of p21, and potentially the down regulation of cdc2 (cdk1). Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that induction of Adriamycin- and irradiation-induced senescence is accompanied by downregulation of c-myc protein. The current studies were designed to test the roles of p21, c-myc, cdc2, and reactive oxygen species in Adriamycin-induced senescence. We also examined whether interference with apoptosis might be permissive for senescence. Results. c -myc : A 2-hour exposure to 0.75μM Adriamycin suppressed c-myc protein in MCF-7/E6 and p53 mutant MDA-MB231 breast tumor cells. This drug-induced suppression of c-myc is likely to be a component of the accelerated senescence detected in the residual cell population that remains in a growth arrested state - whereas the bulk of the cell population dies through apoptosis. Unexpectedly, MCF-7 cells expressing exogenous c-myc (via a doxycycline-inducible promoter) also senesced in response to acute Adriamycin exposure. Furhermore, c-myc protein levels were unchanged in p53 wild-type HCT-116 cell undergoing senescence in response to Adriamycin. cdc2 : Adriamycin suppressed cdc2 expression in MCF-7/E6 cells, MDA-MB231 cells and HCT-116 cells; the effect on cdc2 was generally transient, with a partial restoration of cdc2 levels in cells that recovered proliferative capacity. p53 and p21: Adriamycin promoted accelerated senescence in HCT-116 cells; the senescence response was delayed in p53 knockout HCT-116 cells and eliminated in p21 knockout HCT-116 cells. Apoptosis was detected in both the p53 and p21 knockouts but not the wild-type cells. Reactive oxygen: The reactive oxygen scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine, blocked reactive oxygen generation in MCF-7 cells exposed to Adriamycin, but did not attenuate the accelerated senescence response. Interference with apoptosis: Blocking apoptosis in MDA-MB231 or MCF-7/E6 cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK failed to consistently increase the senescent cell population or reduce the antiproliferative activity of Adriamycin. Conclusions. Our studies suggest that suppression of c-myc and generation of reactive oxygen play limited roles in the accelerated senescence response to Adriamycin. In contrast, induction of p21 and down regulation of cdc2 may be key components of this response pathway. Senescence does not appear to be the default response when apoptosis is blocked; however, other death pathways (i.e., mitotic catastrophe or autophagy) may contribute to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic actions of Adriamycin when the senescence response pathway is abrogated.
Carrier compensation mechanism in O/sup +/ implanted InP

Oxygen ion implantation in InP was studied by photoreflectance spectroscopy (PR) and electrical characterization. Current-voltage measurements were used to study the properties of Schottky diodes fabricated on the implanted InP surface. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) was employed to investigate the defect levels and their role in the compensation process. Two more electron traps with activation energies below the conduction band by 0.47 eV and 0.28 eV were found after implantation, which is related to the implantation-induced damage. Free carriers may be trapped in certain defect levels, which decreases substrate concentration and the trap density. The compensation effect was stronger in undoped InP than in Sn-doped InP, which shows that substrate doping will affect the degree of compensation. >
A review of multiple hypothesis testing in otolaryngology literature

Objectives/Hypothesis Multiple hypothesis testing (or multiple testing) refers to testing more than one hypothesis within a single analysis, and can inflate the type I error rate (false positives) within a study. The aim of this review was to quantify multiple testing in recent large clinical studies in the otolaryngology literature and to discuss strategies to address this potential problem. Data Sources Original clinical research articles with >100 subjects published in 2012 in the four general otolaryngology journals with the highest Journal Citation Reports 5-year impact factors. Review Methods Articles were reviewed to determine whether the authors tested greater than five hypotheses in at least one family of inferences. For the articles meeting this criterion for multiple testing, type I error rates were calculated, and statistical correction was applied to the reported results. Results Of the 195 original clinical research articles reviewed, 72% met the criterion for multiple testing. Within these studies, there was a mean 41% chance of a type I error and, on average, 18% of significant results were likely to be false positives. After the Bonferroni correction was applied, only 57% of significant results reported within the articles remained significant. Conclusions Multiple testing is common in recent large clinical studies in otolaryngology and deserves closer attention from researchers, reviewers, and editors. Strategies for adjusting for multiple testing are discussed. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 125:599–603, 2015
Isogeny Covariant Differential Modular Forms Modulo p

An interesting theory arises when the classical theory of modular forms is expanded to include differential analogs of modular forms. One of the main motivations for expanding the theory of modular forms is the existence of differential modular forms with a remarkable property, called isogeny covariance, that classical modular forms cannot possess. Among isogeny covariant differential modular forms there exists a particular modular form that plays a central role in the theory. The main result presented in the article will be the explicit computation modulo p of this fundamental isogeny covariant differential modular form.
Radiation damage in lithium-counterdoped N/P silicon solar cells

Lithium counterdoped n+/p silicon solar cells were irradiated with 1 MV electrons and their post irradiation performance and low temperature annealing properties were compared to that of the 0.35 ohm cm control cells. Cells fabricated from float zone and Czochralski grown silicon were investigated. It was found that the float zone cells exhibited superior radiation resistance compared to the control cells, while no improvement was noted for the Czochralski grown cells. Room temperature and 60 C annealing studies were conducted. The annealing was found to be a combination of first and second order kinetics for short times. It was suggested that the principal annealing mechanism was migration of lithium to a radiation induced defect with subsequent neutralization of the defect by combination with lithium. The effects of base lithium gradient were investigated. It was found that cells with negative base lithium gradients exhibited poor radiation resistance and performance compared to those with positive or no lithium gradients; the latter being preferred for overall performance and radiation resistance.
Critical Evaluation of the Diffusion Hypothesis in the Theory of Porous Media Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Sources and Sinks

The paper proposes three alternative, diffusion-limited mathematical models to account for this interaction, using the linear isotherm model as a reference point. Their taxonomy is keyed to the nature of the vapor-sink interface. While the linear isotherm model gave an adequate description of data when a pillow-sink was challenged with ethylbenzene, a new single-parameter diffusion model gave a much improved description of data when the same pillow-sink was challenged with perchloroethylene. A hybrid, sorption/desorption, diffusion-limited model was the only plausible model when a carpet-sink was challenged with ethylbenzene. Some new computational aids, particularly interval-weighted least squares, are introduced in the context of model validation. (Copyright (c) American Society for Testing and Materials 1993.)
Risks of surgical management for cavernous malformations of the nervous system.

OBJECTIVE: As more information evolves regarding the natural history of cavernous malformations (CMs), the risks of operative intervention must be balanced against nonoperative management. In an attempt to better delineate the surgical risks for operable CMs, we undertook a retrospective analysis of 94 patients with 97 CMs surgically excised at the Massachusetts General Hospital. METHODS: Data regarding surgical complications and outcome measures, including neurological status and seizure outcome, were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of transient neurological morbidity was 20.6%, but only 4 of the 97 operations (4.1 %) resulted in persistent disabling neurological complications and 2 (2.1 %) in nondisabling deficits. There was no operative mortality. Brain stem lesions (n = 14) were associated with the highest incidence of neurological complications, both transient and persistent (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-15.7). The overall neurological outcome was excellent or good in 89.7% of all lesions: 96.8% of lobar CMs (n = 63), 64.2% of brain stem CMs (n = 14), 87.5% of cerebellar CMs (n = 8), 100% of cranial nerve CMs (n = 4), and 75% of spinal cord CMs (n = 8). Patients with brain stem and spinal cord CMs were in poorer preoperative neurological condition than were patients with CMs in other locations and therefore had a significantly reduced level of function after surgery (P < 0.01). There was improvement in 35.7% of the patients with brain stem lesions and 62.5% of the patients with spinal cord lesions after surgery. In the 38 patients presenting with seizures, 97% were seizure-free after surgery. CONCLUSION: The risks of operative management of CMs varies based on location. When evaluating patients with operable CMs for surgery, the incidence of complications as well as final neurological outcome should be carefully weighed against the existing knowledge of the natural history of lesions managed expectantly.
Ultrasound evaluation of female genital tract anomalies: A review of 64 cases

Sixty-four patients with an ultrasound diagnosis of an anomaly of the female genital tract were studied retrospectively to determine the accuracy and usefulness of sonographic examination of these anomalies in the pregnant (64%) and the nonpregnant (36%) patient. Ultrasound diagnoses in 46 patients with follow-up included: (1) bicornuate/septate uterus in 21 cases, (2) uterus didelphys in 18 cases, (3) cervical and vaginal atresia in three cases, (4) obstructed lower but normal upper genital tract in two cases, and (5) abnormal-appearing uterus in two cases. Ultrasound diagnosis was compared with hysterosalpingographic and/or surgical findings in 43 patients and with physical examination in three patients. Scan results were classified as diagnostic in 26%, confirmatory in 63%, and incorrect in 11%. Ultrasound is a reliable clinically useful method of studying genital tract anomalies in gynecologic patients.
Novel human α1a-adrenoceptor single nucleotide polymorphisms alter receptor pharmacology and biological function

We identified nine naturally-occurring human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor (alpha(1a)AR) coding region, seven of which result in amino acid change. Utilizing rat-1 fibroblasts stably expressing wild type alpha(1a)AR or each SNP at both high and low levels, we investigated the effect of these SNPs on receptor function. Compared with wild type, two SNPs (R166K, V311I) cause a decrease in binding affinity for agonists norepinephrine, epinephrine, and phenylephrine, and also shift the dose-response curve for norepinephrine stimulation of inositol phosphate (IP) production to the right (reduced potency) without altering maximal IP activity. In addition, SNP V311I and I200S display altered antagonist binding. Interestingly, a receptor with SNP G247R (located in the third intracellular loop) displays increased maximal receptor IP activity and stimulates cell growth. The increased receptor signaling for alpha(1a)AR G247R is not mediated by altered ligand binding or a deficiency in agonist-mediated desensitization, but appears to be related to enhanced receptor-G protein coupling. In conclusion, four naturally-occurring human alpha(1a)AR SNPs induce altered receptor pharmacology and/or biological activity. This finding has potentially important implications in many areas of medicine and can be used to guide alpha(1a)AR SNP choice for future clinical studies.