cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collision-induced absorption in HeNe mixture

Abstract Calculations for the collision-induced absorption in a HeNe mixture in the far infrared (200–600 cm−1) are presented. The present calculation includes an exact treatment of the collision dynamics and of the radiation field to the first order. The information used is the interatomic potential and dipole moment function. Using values of these parameters obtained from independent and extensive studies, we obtain values of the absorption coefficient which are about two orders of magnetude smaller than obtained previously. Possible causes of this large discrepancy are discussed.
Size heterogeneity of plasma prolactin in the rat: TRH and serotonin-induced changes

Abstract Synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, 1 μg/rat) and serotonin (5-HT, 10 mg/kg body weight), when administered intraarterially to separate groups of ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats, induced rapid and marked elevations in plasma prolactin which were essentially equal in magnitude and time of onset. However, gel filtration chromatography of the plasma on Sephadex G-100 indicated that different molecular forms of prolactin were induced by these two secretagogues. These findings suggest that these agents have different mechanisms of action and that there are secretory mechanisms in the pituitary for prolactin that operate independently of secretion rate.
An association between spin-lattice relaxation time and organ weight in humans

It is observed that, in humans, the lighter the weight of the organ, the higher the spin-lattice relaxation time. Similarly, smaller animals tend to have a higher oxygen consumption rate per unit of body weight than larger animals. The allometric function relationship between oxygen consumption rate against body weight of different species is similar in shape to those of the spin-lattice relaxation times in 21 normal human organs against organ weight.
The effect of frictional heating and forced cooling on the serum lubricant and wear of UHMW polyethylene cups against cobalt-chromium and zirconia balls.

Abstract Hip simulator tests of femoral balls of cobalt–chromium alloy or zirconia against acetabular cups of UHMW polyethylene were run with and without a coolant circulated inside the femoral balls. Without cooling, the wear of polyethylene against zirconia was about 48% lower than with cobalt–chromium alloy, but the steady-state temperature of the zirconia ball was higher (55°C vs. 41°C), and there was more precipitation of protein from the serum, which sometimes formed an adherent layer on the surface of the zirconia. Circulating coolant at 1–20°C markedly reduced the bearing temperatures and the protein precipitation. With coolant at 4°C, wear of the polyethylene against cobalt–chromium alloy was about 26% lower than against zirconia, but the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the worn polyethylene surfaces were unlike that typically generated in vivo. With or without coolant, the morphology of the polyethylene wear debris was comparable to that generated in vivo, but the ratio of fibrillar to granular debris was higher at the reduced temperature. These results suggested that circulating coolant at an appropriate temperature could avoid overheating (due to non-stop running of the simulator), preventing excessive protein precipitation while providing wear surfaces and wear debris with morphologies closely comparable to those generated in vivo.
Rate-adaptive compressive video acquisition with sliding-window total-variation-minimization reconstruction

We consider a compressive video acquisition system where frame blocks are sensed independently. Varying block sparsity is exploited in the form of individual per-block open-loop sampling rate allocation with minimal system overhead. At the decoder, video frames are reconstructed via sliding-window inter-frame total variation minimization. Experimental results demonstrate that such rate-adaptive compressive video acquisition improves noticeably the rate-distortion performance of the video stream over fixed-rate acquisition approaches.
Genetic immunisation and treatment of disease

Alternative approaches to the more traditional treatments of cancer, allergies and autoimmune diseases are being pursued. In addition, new modes of vaccination are under development. DNA delivery (genetic immunisation) is among the new technologies being investigated. This technique of injecting DNA induces both cellular and humoral responses, can lead to active protein production in vivo and is highly adaptable to the requirements of the condition being targeted. The genes can be delivered such that the immune responses can be polarised to either a Th1 or Th2 phenotype. The manipulation of the immune response can be accomplished by a variety of methods including mode of delivery and use of cytokine genes. Delivery of DNA directly to a host has a great deal of potential with regard to therapy and vaccine development. This potential is apparent based on the extensive number of patents which have been awarded over the past three years.
The Struggle to Reform Regulatory Procedures, 1978–1998

This article examines the attempts between 1978 and 1998 to enact general regulatory procedural reform legislation. Two decades of off-again, off-again legislative efforts have yielded only fragments of reform. A major explanation for this, despite the official popularity of reform, seems to be the inability of putative reformers-traditionalists, populists, and restrictivists-to agree among themselves on the direction and content of general reform legislation. This experience raises a number of important theoretical issues for students of regulation, including the ethicalness of using procedural restraints deliberately to disrupt or impede the regulatory process and the impact of procedural controls on regulatory policy.
Consumption of Lysozyme-Rich Milk Can Alter Microbial Fecal Populations

Human milk contains antimicrobial factors such as lysozyme and lactoferrin that are thought to contribute to the development of an intestinal microbiota beneficial to host health. However, these factors are lacking in the milk of dairy animals. Here we report the establishment of an animal model to allow the dissection of the role of milk components in gut microbiota modulation and subsequent changes in overall and intestinal health. Using milk from transgenic goats expressing human lysozyme at 68%, the level found in human milk and young pigs as feeding subjects, the fecal microbiota was analyzed over time using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the G2 Phylochip. The two methods yielded similar results, with the G2 Phylochip giving more comprehensive information by detecting more OTUs. Total community populations remained similar within the feeding groups, and community member diversity was changed significantly upon consumption of lysozyme milk. Levels of Firmicutes (Clostridia) declined whereas those of Bacteroidetes increased over time in response to the consumption of lysozyme-rich milk. The proportions of these major phyla were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the proportions seen with control-fed animals after 14 days of feeding. Within phyla, the abundance of bacteria associated with gut health (Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae) increased and the abundance of those associated with disease (Mycobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Campylobacterales) decreased with consumption of lysozyme milk. This study demonstrated that a single component of the diet with bioactivity changed the gut microbiome composition. Additionally, this model enabled the direct examination of the impact of lysozyme on beneficial microbe enrichment versus detrimental microbe reduction in the gut microbiome community.
A New Internal Mode in F-Actin Helps Explain the Remarkable Evolutionary Conservation of Actin's Sequence and Structure

Abstract Actin is one of the most highly conserved eukaryotic proteins. There are no amino acid changes between the chicken and human skeletal muscle isoforms, and the most dissimilar actins still share more than 85% sequence identity [1]. We suggest that large discrete internal modes of freedom within the actin filament [2] may account for a significant component of this conservation, since each subunit must make multiple specific interactions with neighboring subunits. In support of this, we find that the same state of tilt of the actin subunit exists in both yeast and vertebrate striated muscle actin, and that in both the two domains undergo a "propeller rotation." A similar movement of domains has also been seen in hexokinase [3, 4], Hsc70 [5], and Arp2/3 [6], all structural homologs of actin [7], suggesting that such an interdomain hinge motion is common to proteins in this superfamily [8]. Subunit-subunit interactions within the actin filament involve sequence insertions that are not present in MreB, a bacterial homolog of actin [9]. Remarkably, we find that in the tilted state actin subunits make new contacts with neighboring subunits that also involve these inserts, suggesting a key role for these elements in F-actin polymorphism.
Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery.

Abstract Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the change in pharyngeal airway space associated with surgical mandibular setback. Patients and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 14 adult patients taken preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at long-term follow-up were traced, and the width of the pharyngeal airway space and the pharyngeal airway space area were calculated and compared. Results: At long-term follow-up, the mean amount of mandibular setback was 9.7 mm. The mean reduction in the distance from the tongue base to the posterior pharyngeal wall was 4.77 mm (28% decrease). The mean reduction in pharyngeal airway space area was 1.52 cm 2 , which corresponded to a 12.8% reduction. There was a strong correlation between the amount of mandibular setback and the decrease in pharyngeal airway space area. Conclusion: Mandibular setback surgery causes a long-term decrease in pharyngeal airway space area. In patients who have other risk factors, for example, overweight, short necks, or large tongues, a mandibular setback procedure could possibly predispose to the development of sleep apnea syndrome.
Society of Interventional Radiology 2014 Presidential Address

The Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) continues to work for its members and is navigating a path to success for our specialty during this time of changes in the national health care environment. In response to nationally mandated expectations of improved quality at lower cost, SIR has pursued multiple pathways to help ensure the future success of interventional radiology (IR). SIR is collaborating with colleagues from other specialties to prevent or limit payment rate reductions. SIR remains an active participant in the national Current Procedural Terminology coding process and the accompanying code valuation, which takes place as part of American Medical Association Relative Value Scale Update Committee activities. We have invested hundreds of volunteer hours and staff resources in ensuring that our coding and valuation strategy is grounded on sound data driven by what is optimal for patient care. We have worked long and hard, and we have been able to preserve excellent value for IR treatments. SIR and the SIR Foundation have carefully examined various activities to ensure that they are consistent with our strategic goals, with an eye on ensuring that the Society’s and the Foundation’s pursuits are fully aligned. The Society established the Payment, Research and Policy (or PReP) Task Force to identify and prioritize data development and research needs to improve patient care in the long term and to help lead to a more efficient reimbursement system. Task force members are working
Human dopamine D3 and D2L receptors couple to inward rectifier potassium channels in mammalian cell lines.

The molecular mechanisms coupling the D3 dopamine receptor to downstream effectors have neither been well defined nor well characterized. Here we examine the coupling of the human D3 receptor to G-protein coupled inward rectifier potassium channels (GIRKs) in mammalian cells. Human D3 receptors couple strongly to homomeric human GIRK2 channels coexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, with a coupling efficiency comparable to that of D2L receptors. The coupling between D3 receptors and native GIRK channels was examined in an AtT-20 mouse pituitary cell line stably expressing the human D3 receptor. AtT-20 cells endogenously express somatostatin and muscarinic receptors coupled to GIRK channels. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that AtT-20 cells natively express Kir3.1 and Kir3.2 channel isoforms, but not D2 or D3 dopamine receptors. In D3 receptor expressing AtT-20 cells, application of the D2/D3 receptor agonist, quinpirole, induces pertussis toxin-sensitive inward rectifying K+ currents that are blocked by barium. Activation of D3 receptors leads to both homologous desensitization of this receptor and an unusual unidirectional heterologous desensitization of somatostatin receptors. AtT-20 cells may be a good model to examine the functional role of D3 dopamine receptors in regulating neurotransmitter secretion.
Global parametric sufficient efficiency conditions for semiinfinite multiobjective fractional programming problems containing generalized ( α, η, ρ )-V-Invex functions

In this paper, we discuss numerous sets of global parametric sufficient efficiency conditions under various generalized (α, η, ρ)-V-invexity assumptions for a semiinfinite multiobjective fractional programming problem.
Grain boundary blocking and segregation effects in yttrium-doped polycrystalline titanium dioxide

Abstract Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the electrical behavior of undoped, 0.025 mol% and 0.1 mol% yttrium-doped polycrystalline TiO 2 . In the doped samples, distinct contributions from the bulk and grain boundaries to the electronic conduction were evident, while no grain boundary blocking effect was observed in pure titania samples. The activation energy for grain boundary electronic conduction increased with increasing dopant concentration, which implied an increasing barrier height in these regions introduced by the solute interfacial excess. The impedance behavior was correlated with grain boundary solute segregation measurements and rationalized in terms of the local grain boundary defect chemistry in the grain boundary cores and space-charge layers.
Analytic and graphical methods for assigning errors to parameters in non-linear least squares fitting

Abstract Using a single notation, a summary is presented of the various analytic and graphical methods used for assigning errors to individual parameters determined in linear and non-linear least squares fitting procedures, with emphasis on cases with few degrees of freedom (e.g. the multipole mixing ratio problem in gamma ray spectroscopy). The ranges of applicability of each method and the relationships between the methods are discussed with particular emphasis placed on distinguishing between the cases for which the magnitudes of variances on the input data are known and those for which they are not known. It is shown directly that the graphical χmin2 + 1 rule is equivalent to the analytic internal error estimates and the corresponding graphical limit for the external error estimates is given by χ min 2 [1 + ( 1 (n−p) ) F ∞ (1, n−p)] . An explicit formula is given for transforming from one error estimate to another. A direct analytic procedure is presented for determining the diagonal elements of the error matrix without calculating or inverting the normal matrix. Tables of the statistical F and t distributions at the 68.3% and 95.5% confidence levels are also given. A simulation of a simple fitting experiment is discussed to clarify the concepts involved.
Does the low-income housing tax credit increase the supply of housing?

Abstract The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) was originated in conjunction with the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA 86) to provide incentives for private sector production of low-income housing. In this note we examine whether these units have added to the existing stock or merely substituted for unsubsidized units that otherwise would have been built. We explicitly control for effects of the number of other supply-side (e.g., public housing, Section 8 New Construction, Section 236 housing) and demand-side (vouchers and Section 8 Certificates) subsidies. From estimations of a simple cross-state model of the determinants of the stock of housing per 1000 population, we find no significant relationship between the number of LIHTC units (and other subsidized units) built in a given state and the size of the current housing stock, suggesting a high rate of substitution. However, our test is not sufficiently powerful to reject some alternative null hypotheses that suggest a lower rate of substitution, and we make some suggestions for future research.
Hiding the road signs that lead to tumor immunity.

Tumors exploit many strategies to evade T cell–mediated destruction. For example, tumors can prevent T cell infiltration by modifying gene expression in the endothelial cells and pericytes that form their vasculature. New work showing that the T cell–attracting chemokine CCL2 can be posttranslationally modified in the tumor microenvironment adds another mechanism to the already formidable arsenal of immunoevasion tactics used by solid tumors.
Is good-time appropriate for offenders on electronic monitoring?: attitudes of electronic monitoring directors

Abstract Since the development of electronic-monitoring programs in the early 80s, questions have surfaced concerning the similarities between institutionalization policies and electronic-monitoring policies. In the Commonwealth of Virginia, recent debate has centered on whether offenders on electronic monitoring should be awarded good-time credits. This article addresses the use of good-time for electronically monitored offenders by content analyzing comments of thirty electronic-monitoring program supervisors surveyed by the Virginia State Crime Commission in 1997. The data suggest that good-time policies can be useful for electronic-monitoring programs in some situations.
Nonpeptidic and potent small-molecule inhibitors of cIAP-1/2 and XIAP proteins.

A series of compounds were designed and synthesized as antagonists of cIAP-1/2 and XIAP based upon our previously identified lead compound SM-122 (1). The most potent of these (7) binds to XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 proteins with Ki values of 36, <1 and <1.9 nM, respectively. Consistent with its potent binding affinities to IAPs, 7 effectively antagonizes XIAP in a cell-free caspase-9 functional assay, efficiently induces cIAP-1 degradation in cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM, and triggers activation of caspases and PARP cleavage in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Compound 7 potently inhibits cell growth in the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 200 nM and is 9 times more potent than compound 1.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL COMPARISON OF APLYSIA AND DOLABRIFERA INK GLANDS SUGGESTS CELLULAR SITES OF ANTI-PREDATOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION AND ALGAL PIGMENT PROCESSING

Ultrastructural comparison between the ink gland of a sea hare species that produces copious purple ink (Aplysia californica ) and one that produces none (Dolabrifera dolabrifera ), suggests that the rough endoplasmic reticulum rich cell and not the ink vesicle cell is the site for synthesis of A. californica’s anti-predator ink protein, escapin. Dolabrifera dolabrifera were found to have vestigial ink glands incapable of producing ink or its associated anti-predator proteins regardless of diet. This study also suggests that the granulate cells serve only as a storage site for excess ink pigment acquired during periods of luxury feeding on red algae. Slit dimensions in sieve areas of granulate cells are also significantly different between the two species. These slit sizes are larger than those of rhogocytes, a related cell type commonly found in connective tissue of gastropod molluscs. Several traits of granulate cells suggest that they are distinct from rhogocytes and are a special cell type in the ink gland of sea hares.
Process characteristics of cell lysis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisisae

Several temperature-sensitive lysis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected according to their ability to release alkaline phosphatase when incubated at a nonpermissive temperature. For two mutants, cell lysis and release of alkaline phosphatase reached a maximum when cells in the logarithmic growth phase were shifted to the ncnpermissive temperature. Morphological changes, as well as changes in macromolecular composition of the cells, were observed. Growth is necessary and oxygen is important for the expression of cell lysis at the nonpermisseve temperature.
Great Vessel Injury in Thoracic Surgery

Abstract The potential for intraoperative bleeding is inherent to the practice of thoracic surgery due to the presence of multiple vital vascular structures, complex anatomy, and constant cardiorespiratory motion. Careful and detailed preoperative evaluation and planning, comprehensive review of imaging studies, and a thorough knowledge of the operative procedure, anatomic relationships, and potential complications are of the highest importance in prevention and avoidance of bleeding complications. Preparation with a clear crisis management plan ensures an effective and expedited response when intraoperative bleeding occurs.
Outcome After Treatment of Patients with Mammographically Occult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging—Detected Breast Cancer Presenting with Axillary Lymphadenopathy

Abstract Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with mammographically occult breast cancer with axillary lymphadenopathy has been accepted for staging, treatment outcome data in this patient group is lacking. In this study, 16 patients, median age of 45 years (range, 27–66 years), presented with malignant axillary lymphadenopathy, negative mammograms, negative breast physical examination, and abnormal breast MRI. All 16 patients were found to have ≥ 1 suspicious lesions on breast MRI. Ten patients had a solitary enhancing lesion; 1 patient had 2 enhancing lesions; 3 patients had 3 enhancing lesions; 1 patient had a mass lesion and diffuse patchy enhancement in the breast; and 1 patient had regional enhancement but no discrete lesion on MRI. Six patients underwent breast-conservation surgery using MRI-guided wire localization and 10 patients had modified radical mastectomy. Fourteen patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and the remaining 2 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 5 years (range, 1.2–7.6 years), the 5-year actuarial local control was 100%, relapse-free survival was 74%, and overall survival was 87%. Three patients developed distant metastases. Two patients died from distant metastases, and 1 patient is alive with metastatic disease. One patient had a relapse in the contralateral axilla and was treated with paclitaxel and is disease free. Although the patient population is small, the outcome after treatment for this group of patients with a mammographically occult, MRI-detected breast cancer presenting with axillary adenopathy is similar to the expected outcome for patients with breast cancer with positive axillary lymph nodes.
Using digital signal processor technology to simplify deep space ranging

Commercially available Digital Signal Processor (DSP) technology has enabled a modified design Deep Space Network (DSN) ranging system. The modified design eliminates custom correlator printed circuit boards in favor of Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) DSPs. This reduces overall size, parts count, and complexity. Embedded DSP software provides the flexibility to handle pseudo-random noise, sequential squarewave, or other periodic ranging tones. The design implementation will also meet the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) requirements for both near-Earth and deep space ranging. JPL's Network Simplification Project will consolidate the DSN ground systems functions into less hardware and simplify network operations. This effort includes implementing the new spacecraft ranging design described here. This implementation will reduce the amount of ranging hardware (and thus maintenance) while increasing the operational flexibility. The new ranging implementation also provides a new DSN capability to support the new Spacecraft Transponding Modem (STM) being developed at JPL.
Carotid Repair Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Endothelial Cells

Background and Purpose— Adipose tissue is an abundant source of endothelial cells as well as stem and progenitor cells which can develop an endothelial phenotype. It has been demonstrated that these cells have distinct angiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. However, whether these cells have the capacity to directly improve large vessel form and function after vascular injury remains unknown. To define whether delivery of adipose-derived endothelial cells (ADECs) would improve healing of injured carotid arteries, a rabbit model of acute arterial injury was used. Methods— Autologous rabbit ADECs were generated using defined culture conditions. To test the ability of ADECs to enhance carotid artery repair, cells were delivered intraarterially after acute balloon injury. Additional delivery studies were performed after functional selection of cells before delivery. Results— After rabbit omental fat harvest and digestion, a proliferative, homogenous, and distinctly endothelial population of ADECs was iden...
Oestradiol level and opportunistic mating in women

The ovarian steroid hormone oestradiol plays a crucial role in female fertility, sexual motivation and behaviour. We investigated the relationship between oestradiol and the likelihood that women would engage in opportunistic mating. Two salivary samples were taken from normally cycling women within the peri-ovulatory and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. At both testing sessions, participants also completed self-perceived desirability scales and provided subjective reports of sexual and social motivations, and satisfaction with their primary relationship partner. Oestradiol level was positively associated with a woman's self- and other-perceived physical attractiveness and with inclinations to mate outside her current relationship. Oestradiol was marginally negatively associated with a woman's satisfaction with her primary partner and relationship commitment. Results provide support for the relationship between physical beauty and fertility and suggest that physiological mechanisms play a major role in guiding a woman's mating strategies.
Optimal Periodic Proof Test Based on Cost-Ef f ective and Reliability Criteria

An exploratory study for the optimization of periodic proof tests for fatigue-critical structures is presented. The optimal proof load level and the optimal number of periodic proof tests are determined by minimizing the total expected (statistical average) cost, while the constraint on the allowable level of structural reliability is satisfied. The total expected cost consists of the expected cost of proof tests, the expected cost of structures destroyed by proof tests, and the expected cost of structural failure in service. It is demonstrated by numerical examples that significant cost saving and reliability improvement for fatigue-critical structures can be achieved by the application of the optimal periodic proof test. The present study is relevant to the establishment of optimal maintenance procedures for fatigue-critical structures.
Architecture for a Secure Distributed Repository

This paper presents and discusses the design and implementation of authorization mechanisms for a data repository service for Grid environments that supports secure sharing of possibly confidential data by members of ad-hoc created groups. Such a system requires the separation of the repository into independent components thus adding to the complexity of the authorization mechanisms that protect both the storage service against unauthorized and possible malicious use, and intellectual property and confidentiality of the user's data. The solution proposed here extends the VOMS architecture, in favor of the other architectures for efficiency. The authorization is group-based with Group Membership Authorization Service responsible for maintaining the user roles in a virtual organization (i.e., the membership in a group). The user can now securely access data in a distributed repository by collecting SAML assertions from the component services and creating a complete assertion document that allows it to retrieve data from a data service.
Parameter Uncertainty in Asset Allocation

We revisit an investment experiment that compares the performance of an investor using Bayesian methods for determining portfolio weights with an investor that uses the Monte Carlo based resampling approach advocated in Michaud (1998). Markowitz and Usmen (2003) showed that the Michaud investor always won. However, in the original experiment, the Bayes investor was handicapped because the algorithm that was used to evaluate the predictive distribution of the portfolio provided only a rough approximation. We level the playing field by allowing the Bayes investor to use a more standard algorithm. Our results sharply contrast with those of the original experiment. The final part of our paper proposes a new investment experiment that is much more relevant for the average investor - a one-period ahead asset allocation. We examine in detail why this is the best comparison to make, and why the Bayes investor always wins.
The use of health care services by people with diabetes in rural areas.

Current standards of health care support the view that diabetes can be managed in an outpatient setting, thereby preventing costly hospitalization. Yet, recent studies on access to care suggest that rural residents do not receive the same services for diabetes care as their urban counterparts. This study identifies differences in use for three types of services -- hospital care, home health visits, and physician office visits -- by geographical location. Using a sample of 6,698 Medicare beneficiaries, the authors performed multivariate analysis of variance to test the influence of geographical differences on each type of service use after controlling for the other types of service use and individual factors. Results showed significant differences among the geographical categories, with diabetic individuals in the most sparsely populated communities reporting fewer physician office visits and more home health visits than their urban counterparts. Because this pattern may have a negative impact on health outcomes, additional research is needed to determine the optimal array of services necessary to manage chronic diseases, such as diabetes, in rural areas.
Iterative Design Of Pupil Functions For Bipolar Incoherent Spatial Filtering

An iterative algorithm is described for the computer generation of complementary pupil functions to be used in hybrid incoherent optical systems for bipolar spatial filtering. Through repeated transformations between the Fourier and spatial domains, and the application of constraints in both, the pupil functions are constructed subject to the ultimate constraint that the difference of the associated PSFs result in a desired bipolar spatial impulse response. Minimization of component PSF bias is a major concern. The case of bandpass spatial filtering will be discussed in detail and preliminary results presented.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on green sturgeon blood–oxygen equilibria

There are three Northeast Pacific Rivers still supporting spawning populations of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, but all have been modified hydrologically and thermally by dam construction. Age 1- to 3-year-old green sturgeon, progeny of artificially spawned, wild-caught Klamath River adults, were used to assess the effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on critical hematological parameters related to evolutionary adaptations of this species to its physical environment. In vitro measurement of the effect of temperature and carbon dioxide on blood–oxygen affinity and equilibrium curve shape yielded the following data for the respective temperature treatments (11, 15, 19, and 24°C): half-saturation values (P50’s, kPa, a measure of affinity) 1.26, 1.44, 1.63, 1.69 for low-PCO2 treatments and 2.08, 2.41, 2.74, 2.94 for high-PCO2 treatments; Bohr factors −0.322, −0.327, −0.366, −0.536; and non-bicarbonate buffer values (slykes) −6, −3, −5, −8. Temperature sensitivities (ΔH, kJ mol O 2 −1 ) between these respective temperatures were −34.20, −15.24, −6.74 for low-PCO2 treatments and −20.05, −27.00, and −11.55 for the high-PCO2 treatments. These data suggest that juvenile green sturgeon may tolerate moderate environmental hypoxia, moderate aerobic activity, low to moderate hypercapnia, and moderate temperature changes in their environments.
An investigation of power delay trade-offs on PowerPC circuits

Logic and structural transformations to reduce power havebeen considered by a number of authors.However,all the results presented so far have been based on modelsof power and estimation methods that may not be a accuratereflection of 'real world' constraitns.The performancerequirements of industrial designs often significantly restrictthe applicability of the power reducing transformations.Inthis paper we present the results of investigations on the efficacyof a recently reported logic level power optimizing algorithmon some commercial circuits, using customer suppliedinput waveforms.Based on a accurate delay model,the power consumption of the circuits is estimated using thecommercial package called 'PowerMill".The experimental resultsshow that a maximum 21% average power and 27.7%peak power power reduction can be obtained with only 3% delayincrease.Based on the experiments, we propose a generalmethodology for the practical application of the transformationsfor power optimization of CMOS logic circuits.Finally,a comparison between the experiments using randominput waveforms and customer provided input waveforms ispresented.
Boussinesq-papkovich functions for creep around a spherical cavity or a rigid inclusion in a gravity-loaded half space

Boussinesq-Papkovich stress functions are used to determine three-dimensional closed form solutions for steady creep around a spherical cavity or rigid inclusion in a half-space under gravity loading. The ratio of cavity depth to radius is asumed to be greater than 5, and the flow law of the half space is linear, which allows for solution in terms of a finite number of spherical harmonics. Numerical results are given to show the influence of the lateral stress component at infinity, the stabilizing effect of internal cavity pressure, and buoyancy forces associated with the motion of a rigid inclusion. 9 refs.
A Solid-State Relay

In a solid-state relay-like device, the switching can be achieved by field effect transistors driven by photodiodes. Light-emitting diodes (LED) provide the illumination required. The only coupling between drive and load portions of the circuit is optical. Experimental results are presented here and indicate that this can be a useful relay replacement for many applications. The advantages are no switching contacts, no moving parts, long life, reliability, etc.
Downward Counterfactuals and Motivation: The Wake-Up Call and the Pangloss Effect

Three studies examined the motivational implications of thinking about how things could have been worse. It was hypothesized that when these downward counterfactuals yield negative affect, through consideration of the possibility of a negative outcome, motivation to change and improve would be increased (the wake-up call). When downward counterfactuals yield positive affect, through diminishing the impact of a potentially negative outcome, motivation to change and improve should be reduced (the Pangloss effect). Results from three studies supported these hypotheses. Studies 1 and 2 showed that a manipulation of the counterfactual made about an investment influenced decisions toward that investment. Study 3 showed that students’ academic motivation was influenced by a manipulation of the type of downward counterfactual they made after an exam and that affect mediated the relationship between the counterfactual and motivation.
Characterization of high-level quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni.

High-level resistance to quinolones has previously been shown to occur in Campylobacter spp. both in vitro and in patients treated with quinolones. We have selected isolates that are resistant to quinolones by plating cells from a susceptible C. jejuni strain, UA535, on medium containing nalidixic acid at 32 micrograms/ml. Fluctuation analysis indicated that resistance occurred by mutation at a frequency of 5 x 10(-8) per cell plated. Unlike what is observed with other gram-negative organisms, the nalidixic acid-resistant mutants demonstrated high-level cross-resistance (MIC, greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) to newer quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and temafloxacin, yet remained susceptible to coumermycin A1 and several other unrelated antibiotics. Mutants with an identical resistance phenotype could also be selected from UA535 with ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin at a similar frequency. To study the mechanism of quinolone resistance, DNA gyrases were purified from C. jejuni UA535 and two resistant mutants by heparin-agarose and novobiocin-Sepharose chromatography. After the respective enzyme concentrations were adjusted to equivalent units of activity in the DNA supercoiling reaction, the DNA gyrases from the resistant mutants were found to be 100-fold less susceptible than the wild-type enzyme to inhibition by quinolones. Subunit switching experiments with purified A and B subunits from the wild type and one of the quinolone-resistant mutants indicated that an alteration in the A subunit was responsible for resistance. These results show that a single-step mutation can occur in vitro in the gene encoding DNA gyrase in C. jejuni, producing clinically relevant levels of resistance to the newer quinolones. Images
PC-notebook based mobile networking: algorithms, architectures and implementation

The integration of multimedia adaptive wireless networking capabilities in a PC-notebook platform are investigated. To support mobile networking, while providing compatibility with the wired infrastructure, new functions are required for topology creation using multihop protocols. To support mobility in a wireless environment, power control and bandwidth allocation are required in conjunction with adaptive wireless modems and rate-adaptive video codecs. A prototype implementation of a wireless node with these capabilities reveals several performance and complexity limitations with current technology. In particular the DOS operating system, the PC shared bus architecture and traditional partitioning of the network and modem functions lead to severe performance losses that are detrimental in wireless networking. For mobile wireless nodes, these limitations are unacceptable. Several ideas are presented for re-architecting the PC-notebook for wireless networking nodes that can substantially improve bandwidth efficiency while overcoming the complexity and power limitations of current technology.
TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY OF CHALCIDOID AND PROCTOTRUPOID HYMENOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH DASINEURA BALSAMICOLA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN MAINE

Seventeen species of parasitic Hymenoptera were found associated with balsam gall midge in Maine. Tetrastichus marcovitchi (Cwfd.), Tetrastichus sp. near solidaginis Burks, Plalygaster mainensis MacG. and Osgd., and P. abicollis MacG. and Osgd. were the most abundant known parasites, while several other species, some of uncertain status, were less frequently encountered. A key is presented for commonly encountered species, and details of the life histories are given for important midge parasites.
Absorption and activity of foramsulfuron in giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) with various adjuvants

Abstract Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the activity and foliar absorption of foramsulfuron in giant foxtail and woolly cupgrass with various adjuvants. Adjuvant selection was important for giant foxtail control. Foramsulfuron provided 90% or greater giant foxtail control with the addition of methylated seed oil (MSO) or MSO plus 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). When a crop oil concentrate (COC) or a nonionic surfactant (NIS) was added to foramsulfuron, giant foxtail control was only 20%. However, when 28% UAN was added to COC or NIS, control was increased to 90 and 85%, respectively. Foramsulfuron absorption and control were closely related in giant foxtail. Foliar absorption of 14C-foramsulfuron in giant foxtail ranged between 35 and 90% 24 h after treatment (HAT) depending on adjuvant selection. The rate of absorption was greatest when MSO plus 28% UAN was added to foramsulfuron and absorption was maximized 4 HAT. Foramsulfuron absorption in woolly cupgrass reached its maxi...
Linking Shelf Delta to Deep Water; Krishna-Godavari Basin

Krishna-Godavari basin located on the east coast of India represents a complete depositional setting with well defined shelf to shelf edge delta to deep water. This basin has a lateral stretch of about 500 km and extends more than 200 km from the coast into the deep sea. This basin has been fed dominantly by Krishna and Godavari river systems along with numerous tributaries. The area is adequately covered by several vintages of 2D and focused 3D seismic data which has been primarily used for subsurface imaging. Further the depositional units have been identified by interpreting seismic stratal pattern and the facies distribution in a sequence stratigraphic framework. This is supplemented by information from wireline logs and cores. The gradational facies pattern, sequence boundary, transgressive surface, maximum flooding surface, channel architecture etc. have been demonstrated in selected seismic sections far developing the concept. Linking the depositional elements from shelf to deep water in a sequence stratigraphic framework for this basin is a good guide for hydrocarbon exploration.
Social Aspects of Water Resources Planning

Although social goals have always been considered to some extent in major water programs, treating social concerns in a systematic manner is a recent feature of water planning. This reflects a growing understanding of social systems, recognition that planning is better when social factors are considered, and legal requirements for assessing social inmpacts. From 1776 to 1925, water management structures were small and there was little Federal involvement. Although planning methodology was meager, social factors were given substantial attention. From 1925 to 1960, an era of building large water management structures, there was a strong belief in the efficacy of structural solutions. From 1960 to the present, evidence accumulated on adverse effects of projects in such magnitude that planning procedures and goals were modified to give greater attention to equity and social impacts. Public involvement in planning was mandated. These developments appear to be leading towards the end of the long separation of the social sciences and engineering.
Niche Overlap and Individual Antagonism: An Empirical Analysis of Informing in Hollywood

This study examines informing on others as an antagonistic act between individual agents in a labor market. We conduct an empirical analysis of artists called to testify during the 1950s Congressional hearings into Communism in Hollywood, and multi-level regression models reveal that the odds of an artist informing on another increase when their career histories are more similar. The similarity reflects levels of niche overlap in the labor market. The finding that similarity contributes to antagonism in the context of resource competition is consistent with a known social comparison process, whereby uncertainty about performance leads more similar people to attend to and exclude one another to a greater extent.
A Note on Environmental Sustainability

This note presents various definitions of sustainability and outlines some of the basic issues surrounding environmental sustainability. It addresses the issue of whether one can continue economic growth, expand the economic and technological bases of developing countries, and preserve the environment for future generations. The note is useful as theoretical background for cases on the environment and technology as well as international cases, particularly those concerning economic expansion in developing countries.
Opportuning Virtue: The Binding Ties of Covenant Marriage Examined

This article examines the concept of covenant marriage. Part II sketches development of the modern divorce culture and examines the faults of the unilateral no-fault regime. Part III provides a detailed summary of covenant marriage law, focusing on the Arizona and Louisiana statutes. Part IV analyzes the ambiguities and weaknesses of current covenant marriage laws, considering both practical and legal problems. Part V outlines a workable proposal for divorce reform featuring covenant marriage as the sole form of marriage.
Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. Xxxix. Comparison of Virgin Female Moths and Hexalure as Attractants for Male Pectinophora gossypiella

State and Federal agencies reply on traps to monitor uninfested and lightly infested cotton areas for spread of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). The traps are baited with hexalure ( cis -7-hexa-decenyl acetate), a compound which is attractive to P. gossypiella males (Green et al. 1969). However, hexalure is not the natural sex pheromone of P. gossypiella . In laboratory bioassays, hexalure is much less active in stimulating male responses than is pheromone extracted from P. gossypiella females (McLaughlin et al. 1972).
Effects of Food Label Use on Diet Quality and Glycemic Control Among Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes in a Community Health Worker–Supported Intervention

Objectives. To determine the impact of an intervention led by community health workers (CHWs) on food label use and to assess whether food label use and diet quality mediate the intervention’s impact on glycemic control.Methods. From 2006 to 2010, 203 Latinos (intervention group, n = 100; control group, n = 103) in Hartford County, Connecticut, with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an intervention that included 17 CHW-led home-based sessions over a 12-month period in addition to the standard of care available in both study arms. Data on food label use, diet quality, covariates, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Data were analyzed via mixed effects and multilevel structural equation modeling.Results. Food label use in the intervention (vs control) group was significantly higher at 3, 12, and 18 months (odds ratio = 2.99; 95% confidence interval = 1.69, 5.29). Food label use and diet quality were positive mediators of improved HbA1c levels.Conclusio...