cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconceiving Military Base Redevelopment: Land Use on Mothballed U.S. Bases

The U.S. Department of Defense has closed 128 domestic bases over the last 30 years through the Base Realignment and Closure Process. Current scholarship describes this process and provides snapshots of transition, yet there is very little systematic knowledge of what follows base closure. We introduce an original data set chronicling military base redevelopment and present evidence suggesting that the variation in the built environment on former military bases stems from considerations somewhat unique to military redevelopment, particularly the presence of federal funding, contamination of redevelopment parcels, and economic output in the surrounding county. Our arguments offer new directions for redevelopment scholarship and a first step for developing best practices to help cities redevelop mothballed bases.
Inelastic Anisotropy of Inconel 718: Experiments and Mathematical Representation

A generalized threshold function for viscoplastic materials, which can also serve as a yield function in rate-independent plasticity, is suggested for materials that exhibit a strength differential and/or a permanent volume change. The motivation for this type of a threshold function is that experiments, at both 25 and 650°C, on the nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 indicate that higher stresses occur in compression than in tension. Similar results have been obtained for martensitic steels and other metallic alloys at 25°C. A general approach for determining the inelastic flow dependence on each of the three stress invariants (I 1 , J 2 , and J 3 ) is to follow stress paths where only one invariant is changing. Two classical experiments that do this are hydrostatic pressure and pure torsion, however many others are possible. Unfortunately, These stress paths generally require three-dimensional stress states, which are difficult to obtain in the laboratory. Thus, for experimental expediency, tests involving axial-torsional loading of thin-walled tubes can be used to determine the significance of the first and third stress invariants, I 1 and J 3 , respectively.
Highly Quantitative Electrochemical Characterization of Non-Aqueous Electrolytes and Solid Electrolyte Interphases

The methods to measure solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) electrochemical properties and SEI formation capability of non-aqueous electrolyte solutions are not adequately addressed in the literature. And yet, there is a strong demand in new electrolyte generations that promote stabilized SEIs and have an influence to resolve safety, calendar life and other limitations of Li-ion batteries. To fill this gap, in situ electrochemical approach with new descriptive criteria for highly quantitative characterization of SEI and electrolytes is proposed. These criteria are: SEI formation capacity, SEI corrosion rate, SEI maintenance rate, and SEI kinetic stability. These criteria are associated with battery parameters like irreversible capacity, self-discharge, shelf-life, power, etc. Therefore, they are especially useful for electrolyte development and standard fast screening, allowing a skillful approach to narrow down the search for the best electrolyte. The characterization protocol also allows retrieving information on interfacial resistance for SEI layers and the electrochemical window of electrolytes, the other important metrics of characterization. The method validation was done on electrolyte blends containing phosphazenes, developed at Idaho National Laboratory, as 1.2M LiPF6 [80 % EC-MEC (2:8) (v/v) + 20% Phosphazene variety] (v/v), which were targeted for safer electrolyte variations.
Experiences in managing the Prometheus Project

Congress authorized NASA's Prometheus Project in February 2003, with the first Prometheus mission slated to explore the icy moons of Jupiter. The project had two major objectives: 1) to develop a nuclear reactor that would provide unprecedented levels of power and show that it could be processed safely and operated reliably in space for long-duration, deep-space exploration; and 2) to explore the three icy moons of Jupiter - Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa - and return science data that would meet the scientific goals as set forth in the Decadal Survey Report of the National Academy of Sciences. Early in project planning, it was determined that the development of the Prometheus nuclear-powered spaceship would be complex and require the intellectual knowledge residing at numerous organizations across the country. In addition, because of the complex nature of the project and the multiple partners, approaches beyond those successfully used to manage a typical JPL project would be needed. This describes the key experiences in managing Prometheus, which should prove useful for future projects of similar scope and magnitude.
Evidence that the bursting component of the X-ray radiation from 3C 111 originates in the PC-scale jet

Evidence is presented indicating that the bursting component of the X-ray radiation detected in the nuclear region of the active radio galaxy 3C 111 comes from the blobs ejected in the pc-scale jet and not from the accretion disc. After each new outburst the radio flux density associated with it increases to a peak in ∼1 year and then subsides over a period of 1–2 years with the flux falling off exponentially as the blob moves outward and dissipates. Similar peaks (bursts) are seen in the X-ray light curve and a cross-correlation between the two shows a very high correlation with the X-ray peaks leading the radio peaks by ∼100 days. A second cross-correlation, this time between the radio event start times and the X-ray light curve, also shows a significant correlation. When this is taken together with the long (∼1 yr) delay between the start of each ejection event and its associated X-ray peak it indicates that this bursting component of the X-ray flux must be associated with the ejected blobs in the pc-scale jet and not with the accretion disc. Because X-ray telescopes do not have the resolution required to resolve the accretion disc area from the pc-scale jet, this paper is the first to present observational evidence that can pinpoint the point of origin of at least those long-timescale X-ray bursts with durations of 1–3 yrs.
Trajectory optimization for the Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle

A method for finding solutions to complex trajectory optimization problems with detailed hardware and launch vehicle constraints is presented. The trajectory optimization problem is formulated as a constrained function minimization problem by modeling the control by a function of a finite number of parameters. Although any parametric control model may be selected, the natural choice of parameters is the actual parameters of the parametric guidance equations flown on the flight digital computer. A variation of the method of multipliers is presented for performing the constrained function minimization. A functional is proposed that allows incorporation of state variable inequality constraints. Finally, optimization of the HEAO-A direct-ascent trajectory is discussed. The HEAO-A mission demonstrates profile optimization to meet range safety, tracking, heating, structural integrity, and attitude rate constraints.
Energy distribution of black plane solutions

We use the Einstein energy–momentum complex to calculate the energy distribution of static plane-symmetric solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell equations in 3+1 dimensions with asymptotic anti-de Sitter behavior. This solution is expressed in terms of three parameters: the mass, electric charge and cosmological constant. We compare the energy distribution to that of the Reissner–Nordstrom–anti-de Sitter solution, pointing to qualitative differences between the models. Finally, we examine these results within the context of the Cooperstock hypothesis.
Artin–Nagata properties, minimal multiplicities, and depth of fiber cones

Abstract Minimal values of multiplicities of ideals have a strong relation with the depth of blowup algebras. In this paper, we introduce the notion of Goto-minimal j -multiplicity for ideals of maximal analytic spread. In a Cohen–Macaulay ring, inspired by the work of S. Goto, A. Jayanthan, T. Puthenpurakal, and J. Verma, we study the interplay among this new notion, the notion of minimal j -multiplicity introduced by C. Polini and Y. Xie, and the Cohen–Macaulayness of the fiber cone of ideals satisfying certain residual assumptions. We are also able to provide a bound on the reduction number of ideals of Goto-minimal j -multiplicity having either Cohen–Macaulay associated graded algebra, or linear decay in the depth of their powers.
Eliciting beliefs by paying in chance

This paper describes a general principle that can be used to elicit honest opinions, even if risk attitudes are unknown.
A Finiteness Property for Braided Fusion Categories

We introduce a finiteness property for braided fusion categories, describe a conjecture that would characterize categories possessing this, and verify the conjecture in a number of important cases. In particular we say a category has propertyF if the associated braid group representations factor over a finite group, and suggest that categories of integral Frobenius-Perron dimension are precisely those with property F.
Correlated Diskoid-like Electronic States

We study highly excited diskoid-like electronic states formed in the vicinity of charged and strongly polarizable diskotic nanostructures, such as circular graphene flakes. First, we study the nature of such extended states in a simple two-electron model. The two electrons are attached to a point-like nucleus with a charge 2+, where the material electron is forced to move within a 2D disk area centered at the nucleus, while the extended electron is free to move in 3D. Pronounced and complex correlations are revealed in the diskoid-like states. We also develop semiclassical one-electron models of such diskotic systems and explain how the one-electron and many-electron solutions are related.
Photographic-image storage in ion-implanted PLZT ceramics

Abstract Photographic images can be stored in transparent lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics using near-UV light with photon energies near the band gap energy of 3.42 eV. Coimplanting inert ions, e.g., Ar, Ne and He, into the surface exposed to image light can increase near-UV photosensitivity by a factor of almost 104, with no degradation of image quality, so that the exposure energy threshold is reduced from ∼ 100 mJ/cm2 to ∼ 10 μJ/cm2. Coimplanting chemically active and inert ions, e.g., Al or Ne, can result in similar improvement of the extrinsic (visible light) photosensitivity and in an essentially flat photoresponse from about 400 to 600 nm. In addition, thermal diffusion of Al followed by Ne implantation yield photosensitivity increases in the near-UV comparable to the best results obtained to date with ion implantation. The Al-diffused plus Ne-implanted samples also have the highest photosensitivity obtained to date in the blue region of the visible spectrum. Ion implanted, or Al-diffused plus Ne implanted, PLZT is now the most sensitive, nonvolatile but selectively erasable image storage medium known to exist.
Data-Mining-Driven Neighborhood Search

Metaheuristic approaches based on the neighborhood search escape local optimality by applying predefined rules and constraints, such as tabu restrictions (in tabu search), acceptance criteria (in simulated annealing), and shaking (in variable neighborhood search). We propose a general approach that attempts to learn (off-line) the guiding constraints that, when applied online, will result in effective escape directions from local optima. Given a class of problems, the learning process is performed off-line, and the results are applied to constrained neighborhood searches to guide the solution process out of local optimality. Computational results on the constrained task allocation problem show that adding these guiding constraints to a simple tabu search improves the quality of the solutions found, making the overall method competitive with state-of-the-art methods for this class of problems. We also present a second set of tests on the matrix bandwidth minimization problem.
Russian Accounting System: Value Relevance of Reported Information and the IFRS Adoption Perspective

Abstract In this paper I perform an empirical investigation into the value relevance of information reported by Russian public firms from two distinct perspectives. First, I document that prior to 2011, investors relied on information incorporated in the book value of equity. The value relevance of reported earnings, however, is different for “growth” versus “value” stocks. Second, I document that Russian leading firms listed on the London Stock Exchange that report in accordance with IFRS produce more value-relevant reports compared to their local peers that report under the Russian standards. This suggests that the mandatory IFRS adoption in Russia that will be completed by 2015 is likely to result in improved information quality.
High-resolution spectroscopy of methyl isocyanide: The ν4 fundamental and ground state constants

Abstract The first completely resolved high-resolution infrared vibration-rotation spectrum of methyl isocyanide (CH3NC) has been obtained. The ν4 band was measured between 900 and 990 cm−1 with a resolution of 0.006 cm−1; 971 transitions were assigned to the P and R branches of the ν4 fundamental band spanning K = 0 to K = 9 and J = 0 to J = 65. Reliable and highly accurate sets of spectroscopic constants for both of the ν4 and ground states were generated. Small anomalies were found in a group of lines in the low-J region of the K = 4 subband and near J = 61 of the K = 3 subband. A perturbation analysis was performed based on symmetry considerations. A rotational resonance ( Δl = ⊣ 1 , Δk = ±2) between the ν4 and 3ν8±1 (kl
Gravitational Recoil: Signatures on the Massive Black Hole Population

In the last stages of a black hole merger, the binary can experience a recoil due to asymmetric emission of gravitational radiation. Recent numerical relativity simulations suggest that the recoil velocity can be as high as a few thousands kilometers per second for particular configurations. We consider here the effect of a worst case scenario for orbital and phase configurations on the hierarchical evolution of the massive black hole (MBH) population. The orbital configuration and spin orientation in the plane is chosen to be the one yielding the highest possible kick. Masses and spin magnitudes are instead derived self-consistently from the MBH evolutionary models. If seeds form early, for example, as remnants of the first stars, almost the totality of the first few generation of binaries are ejected. The fraction of lost binaries decreases at later times due to a combination of the binary mass ratio distribution becoming shallower, and the deepening of the hosts' potential wells. If seeds form at later times, in more massive halos, then the retention rate is much higher. We show that the gravitational recoil does not pose a threat to the evolution of the MBH population that we observe locally in either case, although high-mass seeds seem to be favored. The gravitational recoil is instead a real hazard for (1) MBHs in biased halos at high redshift, where mergers are more common and the potential wells still relatively shallow. Similarly, it is very challenging to retain (2) MBHs merging in star clusters.
A strategy for the solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides

Repeating glycosidic linkages of oligosaccharides can be synthesized by solid-phase methods. Glycals were attached to a polystyrene copolymer with a silyl ether bond and were activated to function as glycosyl donors with 3,3-dimethyldioxirane. Glycosidation was performed by reactions with a solution-based acceptor (itself a glycal). Excess acceptor and promoter were removed by rinsing after each coupling, and the desired oligosaccharides were then easily obtained from the polymer by the addition of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. By this method, glycosidations are stereospecific and interior deletions are avoided.
Valuing the Option to Purchase an Asset at a Proportional Discount

I analyze the value of a nonstandard call option that allows the holder to purchase an underlying asset at a discount proportional to the asset's market price. Several applications for this type of option exist, including its use in employee compensation contracts. I derive the value of this option for a dividend-paying asset and for an option whose exercise price reflects a time-varying discount factor. The derived value incorporates the optimal time at which the option should be exercised. One application of this option relates to a residential real estate program in China.
From Predicting Solar Activity to Forecasting Space Weather: Practical Examples of Research-to-Operations and Operations-to-Research

The successful transition of research to operations (R2O) and operations to research (O2R) requires, above all, interaction between the two communities. We explore the role that close interaction and ongoing communication played in the successful fielding of three separate developments: an observation platform, a numerical model, and a visualization and specification tool. Additionally, we will examine how these three pieces came together to revolutionize interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) arrival forecasts. A discussion of the importance of education and training in ensuring a positive outcome from R2O activity follows. We describe efforts by the meteorological community to make research results more accessible to forecasters and the applicability of these efforts to the transfer of space-weather research. We end with a forecaster “wish list” for R2O transitions. Ongoing, two-way communication between the research and operations communities is the thread connecting it all.
On the parametrization of all decentralized stabilizing controllers

Abstract A novel parametrization of all decentralized stabilizing controllers is provided in terms of a single parameter Q that is constrained to satisfy a finite number of quadratic equations. The results are presented in a general algebraic framework and apply to linear time-invariant systems. Implications of this parametrization for decentralized control system performance are also discussed.
Association of occupational and non‐occupational risk factors with the prevalence of self‐reported carpal tunnel syndrome in a national survey of the working population

To compare the association of occupational versus personal, nonoccupational risk factors with the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, Occupational Health Supplement, were analyzed. When both occupational factors (bending/twisting of the hands/wrists [B/T] and use of hand-held vibrating tools) and personal nonoccupational factors (gender, race, age, body mass index [BMI], smoking, education, and family income) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of these factors for reporting medically called CTS (MC-CTS) were: exposure to B/T, 5.5; exposure to vibration, 1.9; white race, 16.7; female gender, 2.3; BMI ≥25, 2.0; history of cigarette smoking, 1.6; age ≥40, 1.2; education >12 years, 1.2; and annual family income ≥$20,000, 1.5. Although both occupational and nonoccupational factors are associated with reporting of CTS, repetitive bending/twisting of the hands/wrists and use of vibrating tools remain important risk factors for work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:550–556, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
17O NMR spectroscopic investigation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding for ortho-nitrophenols

Abstract Natural abundance 17O NMR chemical shift data for seventeen nitrophenols and four nitrobenzene control compounds in acetonitrile at 75°C are reported. The phenolic OH 17O NMR chemical shift for ten 4-substituted-2-nitrophenols is correlated with Hammett σ− values (r = 0.982); however, the magnitude of the rho value in this correlation is reduced by 25% compared to the value for 4-substituted phenols. For the ortho-nitrophenols, after correction for torsion angle and electronic effects, the nitramolecular hydrogen bonding component (ΔδHB) of the 17O NMR chemical shift of the nitro group was determined to be 19 ± 2 ppm (shielding); two cases with strong electron withdrawing groups present gave a value of 14 ppm. The ΔδHB) value for the nitro group hydrogen bond acceptor and literature values for other hydrogen bond acceptor functional groups qualitatively parallel basicity of the functional groups. 17O NMR data in toluene at 75°C for six ortho-nitrophenols and two phenolic control compounds are presented. The Δδref value (the change in chemical shift of internal 2-butanone due to inter- molecular hydrogen bonding) in toluene solution for the highly hindered 3-methyl-2-nitrophenol suggests both intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding contributions to the chemical shift. The Δδref value for 2,6-dihydroxynitrobenzene in toluene provides clear evidence that both oxygens of the nitro group are fully involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Chaotic field theory: a sketch

Abstract Spatio-temporally chaotic dynamics of a classical field can be described by means of an infinite hierarchy of its unstable spatio-temporally periodic solutions. The periodic orbit theory yields the global averages characterizing the chaotic dynamics, as well as the starting semiclassical approximation to the quantum theory. New methods for computing corrections to the semiclassical approximation are developed; in particular, a nonlinear field transformation yields the perturbative corrections in a form more compact than the Feynman diagram expansions.
Surface Reconstruction by Voronoi Filtering

We give a simple combinatorial algorithm that computes a piecewise-linear approximation of a smooth surface from a finite set of sample points. The algorithm uses Voronoi vertices to remove triangles from the Delaunay triangulation. We prove the algorithm correct by showing that for densely sampled surfaces, where density depends on a local feature size function, the output is topologically valid and convergent (both pointwise and in surface normals) to the original surface. We briefly describe an implementation of the algorithm and show example outputs.
The random-time binomial model

Abstract In this paper we study a binomial model with random time steps and explain how to calculate values for European and American call and put options. We prove both weak convergence of the discrete processes to the Black–Scholes setup and convergence of the values for European and American put options. Computational experiments exhibit a smooth convergence structure and suggest that we can obtain a quadratic order of convergence via an extrapolation procedure. Approximations to jump-diffusions are straightforward.
The conformal mode in 2D simplicial gravity

Abstract We verify that summing 2D DT geometries correctly reproduces the Polyakov action for the conformal mode, including all ghost contributions, at large volumes. The Gaussian action is reproduced even for c m =10, well into the branched polymer phase, which confirms the expectation that the DT measure is indeed correct in this regime as well
Credibility and Stabilization

The paper deals with stabilization as a one-shot problem to ask what "credibility" means in a world where programs will succeed with probability one. A model is spelled out where the equilibrium program has some ex ante probability of failure. The model draws attention to the factors that raise or lower the probability of success of a stabilization program and thus offers a positive theory of stabilization. Reputation that emerges as a central element in repeated games has no role in this model.
Is there a statistical mechanics of turbulence

Abstract The statistical-mechanical treatment of turbulence is made questionable by strong nonlinearity and strong disequilibrium that result in the creation of ordered structures imbedded in disorder. Model systems are described which may provide some hope that a compact, yet faithful, statistical description of turbulence nevertheless is possible. Some essential dynamical features of the models are captured by low-order statistical approximations despite strongly non-Gaussian behavior.
EXOPLANETARY SPIN-ORBIT ALIGNMENT: RESULTS FROM THE ENSEMBLE OF ROSSITER-MCLAUGHLIN OBSERVATIONS

One possible diagnostic of planet formation, orbital migration, and tidal evolution is the angle ψ between a planet's orbital axis and the spin axis of its parent star. In general, ψ cannot be measured, but for transiting planets one can measure the angle λ between the sky projections of the two axes via the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. Here, we show how to combine measurements of λ in different systems to derive statistical constraints on ψ. We apply the method to 11 published measurements of λ, using two different single-parameter distributions to describe the ensemble. First, assuming a Rayleigh distribution (or more precisely, a Fisher distribution on a sphere), we find that the peak value is less than 22° with 95% confidence. Second, assuming that a fraction f of the orbits have random orientations relative to the stars, and the remaining fraction (1 – f) are perfectly aligned, we find f < 0.36 with 95% confidence. This latter model fits the data better than the Rayleigh distribution, mainly because the XO-3 system was found to be strongly misaligned while the other 10 systems are consistent with perfect alignment. If the XO-3 result proves robust, then our results may be interpreted as evidence for two distinct modes of planet migration.
An open string analogue of Viterbo functoriality

Liouville domains are a special type of symplectic manifolds with boundary (they have an everywhere defined Liouville flow, pointing outwards along the boundary). Symplectic cohomology for Liouville domains was introduced by Cieliebak–Floer–Hofer–Wysocki and Viterbo. The latter constructed a restriction (or transfer) map associated to an embedding of one Liouville domain into another. In this preprint, we look at exact Lagrangian submanifolds with Legendrian boundary inside a Liouville domain. The analogue of symplectic cohomology for such submanifolds is called “wrapped Floer cohomology”. We construct an A∞–structure on the underlying wrapped Floer complex, and (under suitable assumptions) an A∞–homomorphism realizing the restriction to a Liouville subdomain. The construction of the A∞–structure relies on an implementation of homotopy direct limits, and involves some new moduli spaces which are solutions of generalized continuation map equations.
A Facile Method for the Preparation of Pure cis‐2,4‐Pentanediol

Abstract The isolation of diastereomerically pure cis‐2,4‐pentanediol from a crude mixture of both cis‐ and trans‐2,4‐pentanediols is described through a short procedure involving thermodynamic acetal formation with acetophenone, followed by hydrogenolysis of the acetal protecting group.
The Mass-Velocity and Position-Velocity Relations in Episodic Outflows

While observational evidence for the episodic nature of young stellar outflows continues to mount, existing numerical and theoretical models of molecular outflows assume that they are formed by the interaction of a nonepisodic wind from a young stellar object with an ambient cloud. In this Letter, we estimate and discuss the effects of episodicity on the mass-velocity and position-velocity relations observed in molecular outflows. We explain how many recent observational results disagree with the predictions of nonepisodic outflow models, and we offer simple explanations for the discrepancies. In particular, we discuss how an episodic stellar outflow can steepen the power-law slope of the mass-velocity relation in a molecular outflow. And we illustrate how an episodic outflow can produce multiple "Hubble wedges" in the position-velocity distribution of a molecular outflow. With a little more information than we have now, it may be possible to use the "fossil record" embedded in a molecular outflow's mass-velocity and position-velocity relations to reconstruct the history of a young stellar object's mass ejection episodes.
Resonant four-wave mixing with slow light

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system suppresses the linear susceptibility and enhances the nonlinear susceptibilities, which leads to the resonantly enhanced slow-light four-wave mixing at low light intensities. We report an experimental observation of such resonant four-wave mixing in cold Rb atoms.
Vintage capital, investment, and growth☆

Abstract We study the dynamics of growth and investment in a continuous time model with vintage capital. Vintage capital models may be characterized by non-exponential rates of depreciation and technical change and can incorporate “gestation lags” as well as “learning by using.” We investigate the effect of such features on the dynamics of investment and growth and show how they can contribute to explaining the volatile nature of investment time-series.
Alternative specifications of advertising in the Rotterdam model

This paper examines several approaches to introduce advertising in systems of demand equations. The Rotterdam model is used to analyse the effects of advertising in an unrestricted specification and three restricted specifications--advertising affects demand alternatively through (1) marginal utilities, as in studies by Duffy (1987, 1989, 1990) and Selvanathan (1989b); (2) scaling parameters which can be viewed as indicators of product quality, and (3) translation parameters which can be viewed as indicators of basic needs. A test to choose among the alternative specifications is provided and the methodology is applied to data on demand for fruit juice products. Copyright 1993 by Oxford University Press.
The coordination chemistry of platinum anticancer drugs and related compounds with DNA

A. Introduction 293 B. Historical interest in Pt-DNA interactions 295 C. Platinum antitumor drugs 295 (i) DNAasthetarget.. 295 (ii) Kinetics of binding to DNA 2% (iii) RegioseIectivity and structures of DNA adducts 296 (iv) Mechanism of action studies. 300 (v) New platinum drugs 303 D. PIatinum compounds as DNA intercaIators 303 (i) The discovery of metaIIointercaIation 303 (ii) Properties of metaIlointercaIators 304 (iii) Structural details 307 (iv) Proof of the neighbor exclusion principle 308 . Linked Pt-intercaIator complexes 309 (i) Tetheredmolecules 309 (ii) Directly Iinked complexes 310 F. Interactions of cis-DDP and intercaIators on DNA 312 G. Summaryandalooktowardsthefuture.. 315 References 317
Timing with Dirty Templates for Low-Resolution Digital UWB Receivers

As a rapid timing synchronization technique for ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, the timing with dirty templates (TDT) technique effectively collects the multipath energy even when the channel is unknown [7]. In this paper, we investigate TDT algorithms for digital UWB receivers with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Different from the original TDT in [7] for analog UWB receivers, our digital TDT synchronizers here can avoid the ultra-wideband analog delay elements which are difficult to implement at the IC level. Our analysis and simulations show that the (non)data-aided digital TDT algorithms remain operational even when the ADC resolution is very low.
A DEEPER LOOK AT LEO IV: STAR FORMATION HISTORY AND EXTENDED STRUCTURE

We present MMT/Megacam imaging of the Leo IV dwarf galaxy in order to investigate its structure and star formation history, and to search for signs of association with the recently discovered Leo V satellite. Based on parameterized fits, we find that Leo IV is round, with {epsilon} < 0.23 (at the 68% confidence limit) and a half-light radius of r{sub h} {approx_equal} 130 pc. Additionally, we perform a thorough search for extended structures in the plane of the sky and along the line of sight. We derive our surface brightness detection limit by implanting fake structures into our catalog with stellar populations identical to that of Leo IV. We show that we are sensitive to stream-like structures with surface brightness {mu}{sub r} {approx}< 29.6 mag arcsec{sup -2}, and at this limit we find no stellar bridge between Leo IV (out to a radius of {approx}0.5 kpc) and the recently discovered, nearby satellite Leo V. Using the color-magnitude fitting package StarFISH, we determine that Leo IV is consistent with a single age ({approx}14 Gyr), single metallicity ([Fe/H] {approx} -2.3) stellar population, although we cannot rule out a significant spread in these values. We derive a luminosity of M{sub V} = -5.5more » {+-} 0.3. Studying both the spatial distribution and frequency of Leo IV's 'blue plume' stars reveals evidence for a young ({approx}2 Gyr) stellar population which makes up {approx}2% of its stellar mass. This sprinkling of star formation, only detectable in this deep study, highlights the need for further imaging of the new Milky Way satellites along with theoretical work on the expected, detailed properties of these possible 'reionization fossils'.« less
Chandra View of the Unidentified TeV Gamma-Ray Source HESS J1804–216

We present high-resolution X-ray images taken with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory of the field that contains the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1804-216. A total of 11 discrete sources were detected with a posteriori significance of >5 σ over the entire field of view. Among them, only one, designated as CXOU J180351.4-213707, is significantly extended. The source is about 40'' away from the radio pulsar PSR J1803-2137, which was the target of the Chandra observation but was not detected in X-rays. A natural question is whether the two sources are physically related. While it is conceivable that CXOU J180351.4-213707 could be associated with a previously unknown supernova remnant (SNR), in which the pulsar was born, it seems equally plausible that it might be a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) that is powered by a different pulsar whose emission is beamed away from us. In either case, we argue that CXOU J180351.4-213707 is likely the X-ray counterpart of HESS J1804-216, based on the fact that the Galactic TeV gamma-ray sources are predominantly SNRs or PWNe. The X-ray spectrum of the source can be well fitted with a power law, although the model is not well constrained due to large statistical uncertainties. The spectrum seems to be very hard, with a best-fit photon index of about 1.2. Under the assumption that CXOU J180351.4-213707 is the X-ray counterpart of HESS J1804-216, we attempted to model the X-ray and TeV emission as synchrotron and inverse Compton scattered radiation from relativistic electrons. We briefly discuss the results.
The missing ingredient in effective-medium theories: standard deviations

Effective-medium theories for electromagnetic constitutive parameters of particulate composite materials are theories of averages. Standard deviations are absent because of the lack of rigorous theories. But ensemble averages and standard deviations can be calculated from a rigorous theory of reflection by planar multilayers. Average reflectivities at all angles of incidence and two orthogonal polarization states for a multilayer composed of two kinds of electrically thin layers agree well with reflectivities for a single layer with the same overall thickness and a volume-weighted average of the relative permittivities of these two components. But the relative standard deviation can be appreciable depending on the angle of incidence and the polarization state of the incident illumination, and increases with increasing difference between the constitutive parameters of the two layers. This suggests that average constitutive parameters obtained from effective-medium theories do not have uniform validity for ...
Psychological costs and benefits of predictive testing for Huntington's disease

The impact of predictive genetic testing for Huntington's disease (HD) was assessed in 68 persons at high (n = 17) or low risk (n = 51) for the disease at one to six years following disclosure of test results. There was consensus in both groups that knowledge of HD genetic status was beneficial. A majority of persons felt relief from wondering and uncertainty. High-risk persons identified greater family closeness and financial security. For low-risk persons, the knowledge that their children were spared offered great consolation. Negative effects in high-risk persons were psychological burden (worry, guilt). Even for low-risk subjects, there was a period of adjustment and, in some, disappointment that low risk had not alleviated problems unrelated to HD. Although the majority of marriages were unaffected by testing, some persons in both groups reported that their marriages sustained positive or negative impact. Despite mixed consequences, most did not regret being tested. The benefits of testing appear to outweigh its drawbacks, at least among this self-selected group of research participants. We also must conclude, however, that predictive genetic testing will result in negative as well as positive consequences, regardless of test outcome.
ArcLink: optimization techniques to build and retrieve the temporal web graph

We present ArcLink, a proof-of-concept system that complements open source Wayback Machine installations by optimizing the construction, storage, and access to the temporal web graph. We divide the web graph construction into four stages (filtering, extraction, storage, and access) and explore optimization for each stage. ArcLink extends the current web archive interfaces to return content and structural metadata for each URI.
Relations between diagonalization, proof systems, and complexity gaps☆

Abstract In this paper we study diagonal processes over time bounded computations of one-tape Turing machines by diagonalizing only over those machines for which there exist formal proofs that they operate in the given time bound. This replaces the traditional “clock” in resource bounded diagonalization by formal proofs about running times and establishes close relations between properties of proof systems and existence of sharp time bounds for one-tape Turing machine complexity classes. These diagonalization methods also show that the Gap Theorem for resource bounded computations can hold only for those complexity classes which differ from the corresponding provable complexity classes. Furthermore, we show that there exist recursive time bounds T ( n ) such that the class of languages for which we can formally prove the existence of Turing machines which accept them in time T ( n ) differs from the class of languages accepted by Turing machines for which we can prove formally that they run in time T ( n ). We also investigate the corresponding problems for tape bound computations and discuss the difference time and tapebounded computations.
A Riemann-Hilbert problem for skew-orthogonal polynomials

We find a local (d+1)x(d+1) Riemann-Hilbert problem characterizing the skew-orthogonal polynomials associated to the partition function of orthogonal ensembles of random matrices with a potential function of degree d. Our Riemann-Hilbert problem is similar to a local dxd Riemann-Hilbert problem found by Kuijlaars and McLaughlin characterizing the bi-orthogonal polynomials. This gives more motivation for finding methods to compute asymptotics of high order Riemann-Hilbert problems, and brings us closer to finding full asymptotic expansions of the skew-orthogonal polynomials.
Quantum Particle-Trajectories and Geometric Phase

Particle trajectories are defined as integrable dxμdpμ=0 paths in projective space. Quantum states evolving on such trajectories, open or closed, do not delocalize in (x, p) projection, the phase associated with the trajectories related to the geometric (Berry) phase and the classical mechanics action. Properties at high energies of the states evolving on particle trajectories are discussed.
Gradient flows within plane fields

We consider the dynamics of vector fields on three-manifolds which are constrained to lie within a plane field, such as occurs in nonholonomic dynamics. On compact manifolds, such vector fields force dynamics beyond that of a gradient flow, except in cases where the underlying manifold is topologically simple (i.e., a graph-manifold). Furthermore, there are strong restrictions on the types of gradient flows realized within plane fields: such flows lie on the boundary of the space of nonsingular Morse-Smale flows. This relationship translates to knot-theoretic obstructions for the link of singularities in the flow. In the case of an integrable plane field, the restrictions are even finer, forcing taut foliations on surface bundles. The situation is completely different in the case of contact plane fields, however: it is easy to realize gradient fields within overtwisted contact structures (the nonintegrable analogue of a foliation with Reeb components).
QCD and Natural Philosophy

QCD sheds considerable light on several of the most basic features of the natural world including the origin of mass, the feebleness of gravity, the extent to which the properties of matter can be determined conceptually, the possible utility of the anthropic principle, and the meta-theoretic notions of effectiveness and computability. I discuss these applications here.
Comparison of the argon tunable dye laser with the flashlamp pulsed dye laser in treatment of facial telangiectasia.

background. A prospective, side-by-side comparison study of the argon tunable dye laser(ATDL) and the flashlamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) for the treatment of solar-induced telangiectasia was carried out in 14 patients with symmetrical bilateral cheek telangiectasias. objective. The objective was to compare the efficacy of treatment by the two lasers. methods. Patients were treated and examined at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Evaluation was done by direct Observation and questionnaire, as well as by Photographie slides projected to an impartial panel. results. Final evaluation at week 6 showed 11 of 14 patients with excellent results at sites treated with the FPDL, compared with four of 14 with the ATDL. However, only six of 13 patients preferred the FPDL, due to the purpura and postinflammatory hyerpigmentation. conclusion. We conclude that the objective final results favor the FPDL over the ATDL for treatment of facial telangiectasia, but that the ATDL is still an important Option for patient acceptance.
Uniform localization is always uniform

In this note we show that if a family of ergodic Schrodinger operators on l2(Zγ) with continuous potentials have uniformly localized eigenfunctions, then these eigenfunctions must be uniformly localized in a homogeneous sense.
Relative Entropy and the Stability of Shocks and Contact Discontinuities for Systems of Conservation Laws with non-BV Perturbations

We develop a theory based on relative entropy to show the uniqueness and L2 stability (up to a translation) of extremal entropic Rankine–Hugoniot discontinuities for systems of conservation laws (typically 1-shocks, n-shocks, 1-contact discontinuities and n-contact discontinuities of large amplitude) among bounded entropic weak solutions having an additional trace property. The existence of a convex entropy is needed. No BV estimate is needed on the weak solutions considered. The theory holds without smallness conditions. The assumptions are quite general. For instance, strict hyperbolicity is not needed globally. For fluid mechanics, the theory handles solutions with vacuums.
Path integral solubility of a general two-dimensional model

The solubility of a general two dimensional model, which reduces to various models in different limits, is studied within the path integral formalism. Various subtleties and interesting features are pointed out.
Reliable video communication over lossy packet networks using multiple state encoding and path diversity

Video communication over lossy packet networks such as the Internet is hampered by limited bandwidth and packet loss. This paper presents a system for providing reliable video communication over these networks, where the system is composed of two subsystems: (1) multiple state video encoder/decoder and (2) a path diversity transmission system. Multiple state video coding combats the problem of error propagation at the decoder by coding the video into multiple independently decodable streams, each with its own prediction process and state. If one stream is lost the other streams can still be decoded to produce usable video, and furthermore, the correctly received streams provide bidirectional (previous and future) information that enables improved state recovery for the corrupted stream. This video coder is a form of multiple description coding (MDC), and its novelty lies in its use of information from the multiple streams to perform state recovery at the decoder. The path diversity transmission system explicitly sends different subsets of packets over different paths, as opposed to the default scenarios where the packets proceed along a single path, thereby enabling the end- to-end video application to effectively see an average path behavior. We refer to this as path diversity. Generally, seeing this average path behavior provides better performance than seeing the behavior of any individual random path. For example, the probability that all of the multiple paths are simultaneously congested is much less than the probability that a single path is congested. The resulting path diversity provides the multiple state video decoder with an appropriate virtual channel to assist in recovering from lost packets, and can also simplify system design, e.g. FEC design. We propose two architectures for achieving path diversity, and examine the effectiveness of path diversity in communicating video over a lossy packet network.
Estimation of price policies in Senegal An empirical test of cooperative game theory

Abstract A game-theoretic framework rationalizes the political economy of food and agricultural price policies in Senegal. Policies are the outcome of a cooperative bargaining process among three archetypal players: a farmer growing cash and staple crops, an urban consumer buying imported cereals, and a government marketing board intervening in agricultural markets. The game is estimated and the bargaining strength of the players is recovered. The axioms underlying the game are tested to discriminate among various bargaining game solutions. The symmetry and efficiency axioms are rejected.
Polarization-squeezed light formation in a medium with electronic Kerr nonlinearity

We analyze the formation of polarization-squeezed light in a medium with electronic Kerr nonlinearity. Quantum Stokes parameters are considered and the spectra of their quantum fluctuations are investigated. It is established that the frequency at which the suppression of quantum fluctuations is the greatest can be controlled by adjusting the linear phase difference between pulses. We show that by varying the intensity or the nonlinear phase shift per photon for one pulse, one can effectively control the suppression of quantum fluctuations of the quantum Stokes parameters.
Decentralized goal assignment and trajectory generation in multi-robot networks: A multiple Lyapunov functions approach

This paper considers the problem of decentralized goal assignment and trajectory generation for multi-robot networks when only local communication is available, and proposes an approach based on methods related to switched systems and set invariance. A family of Lyapunov-like functions is employed to encode the (local) decision making among candidate goal assignments, under which the agents pick the assignment which results in the shortest total distance to the goals. An additional family of Lyapunov-like barrier functions is activated in the case when the optimal assignment may lead to colliding trajectories, thus maintaining system safety while preserving the convergence guarantees. The proposed switching strategies give rise to feedback control policies which are scalable as the number of agents increases, and therefore are suitable for applications including first-response deployment of robotic networks under limited information sharing. Simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.