cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
State Government Subsidy Composition for Higher Education: Driving a Divergence Between Education and Amenities

Changes in the composition of state government subsidies for higher education continue to favor grant aid that targets student income and/or achievement over appropriations that target state residency. Given evidence that student demand for college goods and services is heterogeneous along dimensions of income and achievement, this study examines if post-secondary institutions respond to state subsidy composition such that expenditure shares diverge between educational resources and amenities. Results indicate that an increase in the proportion of total state subsidies delivered via grant aid is associated with institutions shifting expenditures across budget categories in systematic ways. Whether institutions increase expenditure shares on education or amenities depends on the type of grant that receives a greater share of total state subsidies as well as the sector and selectivity of institution. Implications for state subsidy policy and educational attainment are discussed in light of the evidence.
Purification and Properties of β-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase

Abstract β-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in leucine biosynthesis, was purified from crude extracts of nutritionally derepressed Salmonella typhimurium. Sedimentation of the enzyme in the ultracentrifuge results in a single, sharp, symmetrical schlieren peak. The s020,w is 5.0 S. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.4 and 7.5 showed single bands of protein. Sedimentation equilibrium studies with the native enzyme reveal a molecular weight of 70,000. Similar studies in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride-0.1 m β-mercaptoethanol yield a subunit molecular weight of 35,000. Tryptic peptide analysis suggests that the subunits have an identical amino acid sequence. Analysis of performic acid-oxidized enzyme shows 8 half-cystine residues per native enzyme molecule; spectrophotometric titration of the enzyme with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate indicate that no disulfide bonds are present. The Michaelis constant for β-isopropylmalate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are 1.9 x 10-5 and 1.0 x 10-4 m, respectively. The enzyme activity is completely inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide, but not by iodoacetate or iodoacetamide.
Examining the Behavioral Assumptions of the National Drug Control Strategy

Understanding psychoactive drugs and their social impact is, and should be, an interdisciplinary undertaking. But in recent years, psychologists have had relatively little voice in the formation of our nation’s drug policy. In saying this, we do not mean to dismiss the important contributions that psychologists have made to our understanding of the social and cognitive aspects of intoxication, the etiology of addiction, and, most notably, the theoretical underpinnings and empirical evaluation of methods of drug treatment and prevention, as documented in other chapters in this volume. But psychologists are conspicuous by their absence from what a decade’s worth of federal and state drug budgets reveal to be the main arena of contemporary drug policy: drug law enforcement.
Time Matters: Global and Local Time in Asian Societies

This book explores the changing social conventions and meanings of time in Asian societies.
Computer algebra systems in discrete mathematics

Computer Algebra Systems (CAS), such as Maple, Mathematica and Derive, are powerful software tools for doing mathematics. They can perform complex symbolic, graphical and numerical computations and each comes with a proprietary programming language. In this paper the author will describe his experience with Maple in a discrete mathematics course for computer science and computer engineering majors, illustrate its use via a number of examples, especially ones involving programming projects in Maple and discuss student reactions. The author's observations and recommended changes will be provided and advice will be given for those who might want to experiment with using a CAS.
The dose-time relationship of estradiol-17β and lung cholinesterase

those treated with clomiphene alone, while ovulation occurred in 29 (70.7 per cent) and pregnancy in 8 (21.9 per cent) in those treated with clomiphene and Quinestrol (see Table I). Twenty-eight of the 41 women treated (68.2 per cent) showed quantitative and qualitative improvement of cervical mucus. Results of the Huhner test changed and became positive in 16 cases (39 per cent). Many changes in the estrogen molecule in an attempt to improve cervical mucus only led to decrease in ovulation. But the addition of an aliphatic ether to ethinyl estradio12 causes: (a) twoto threefold increase in estrogen effect over ethinyl estradiol; (b) increased duration of action, i.e., all excreted within 8 days as opposed to 24 hours for ethinyl estradiol; and (c) lack of suppression of ovulation. We found Quinestrol to be successful in the treatment of hostile cervical mucus.s In 75 per cent of our cases there was improved threadibility and in 52 per cent increase in sperm penetration. These findings agree with those of other investigators. We therefore gave combined Quinestrol and clomiphene therapy to those cases of failed clomiphene therapy with a later development of impaired cervical mucus. Small doses of Quinestrol (25 ag) were insufficient and large doses (more than 150 pg) caused suppression of ovulation and cystic hyperplasia. The dose of 50 fig from the sixth to sixteenth day of the cycle was found to be suitable. Of the women in our group 21.9 per cent became pregnant despite their long-term sterility and various treatments including clomiphene over the years, Nausea in a small number of cases was the only side effect of the combined treatment with Quinestrol and clomiphene. We conclude, therefore, that where clomiphene is unsuccessful in promoting pregnancy, and there is deterioration of the cervical mucus, combined clomiphene and Quinestrol therapy will give a much higher rate of success.
Singular integrals with rough kernels along real-analytic submanifolds in ³

Lp mapping properties will be established in this paper for singular Radon transforms with rough kernels defined by translated of a real-analytic submanifold in Rn.
A Comparison Study of Coupling Algorithms for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems

The influence of numerical schemes for solving coupled problem in fluid-structure interaction is addressed. A non-linear Burgers equation in a bounded domain with moving interface is solved by finite element method (FEM). The implicit and explicit coupling algorithms are studied with interface equation solved at outside then inside of Newton iterative procedure (referred to as implicit-outer, implicit-inner, explicit and semi-implicit schemes respectively). Iteration numbers and computing time are compared for each algorithm. The interface position and energy conservation condition at the interface are discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Achievement sometimes requires creativity

Ericsson and his associates continue to produce impressive research on talent and exceptional performances. The objective of their featured article—‘a general theoretical framework that establishes...
Analysis of combined moire and laser speckle grating methods used in 3-D crack tip deformation measurements

The paper provides analyses for two optical schemes developed for mapping 3-D crack tip fields in ductile materials. The first scheme combines the in-plane moire method with the projection moire method to determine all three displacement components simultaneously. In the second method, we combined one-beam laser speckle photography with the projection moire method to measure 3-D deformation fields. The experimental results obtained using these methods are presented.
Cellular dynamics of pattern duplication in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract An imaginal disc fragment cultured in the abdomen of a young larval or adult host will sometimes form mirror image duplicate copies of the original fragment. Some of the cellular processes involved in this phenomenon were studied by investigating the developmental fate of marked clones of cells. The results showed that a marked clone of cells (1) only occasionally formed identical parts of the pattern in the two duplicates, and (2) was usually larger in one of the duplicates than in the other. These results indicate that the progeny of an individual cell is not restricted to form the exact part of the pattern its ancestor was determined to form.
Long-term results of surgery for chronic constipation

BACKGROUND: Developments in anorectal physiologic testing have facilitated better understanding of the process of defecation and factors that might cause chronic constipation. AIM: Patients with severe idiopathic chronic constipation were evaluated using colonic transit and pelvic floor function in an attempt to identify those patients suitable for aggressive surgical intervention. MATERIALS AND RESULTS: Among 1,009 patients studied using either a marker or scintigraphic transit technique and tests of pelvic floor function, 52 with slow-transit constipation (STC) were identified and underwent abdominal colectomy and ileorectostomy (IRA). Twenty-two patients had pelvic floor dysfunction and STC; these patients underwent initial pelvic floor retraining followed by IRA. A total of 249 patients had pelvic floor dysfunction without evidence of slow-transit and were offered pelvic floor retraining alone. The remaining 597 patients had no quantifiable abnormality of colon or pelvic floor dysfunction; these patients had normal transit constipation/irritable bowel syndrome and were treated medically. There were, thus, 74 patients operated on, 68 women, with a mean age of 53 years and a mean follow-up of 56 months. There was no operative mortality, seven patients (9 percent) had small-bowel obstruction, and nine patients (12 percent) had prolonged ileus. All patients were able to pass a stool spontaneously, 97 percent of patients were satisfied with the results of surgery, and 90 percent have a good or improved quality of life. There was no difference in the outcome of surgery in patients with STC alone compared with STC and pelvic floor dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Physiologic evaluation reliably identified patients with severe chronic constipation who might benefit from surgery. IRA is safe and effective, resulting in prompt and prolonged relief of constipation.
Crack dealers' apprehension avoidance techniques: A case of restrictive deterrence

The present paper explores the techniques used by dealers while engaging in street sales of crack to defy detection, obfuscate illicit activity, and avoid apprehension. These techniques are presented through a three-part typology consisting of environmental positioning, stashing, and transactional mediation. Discussion focuses on restrictive deterrence, a subfield in neoclassical theory to which the present paper gives both theoretical and practical attention. Data are drawn from semistructured interviews with 40 active street-level crack dealers operating in a medium-sized midwestern metropolitan area.
Analytical Model for Estimating Knee Loads During Ladder Climbing

We present a simple two-dimensional analytical model that estimates the knee joint loading during vertical ladder climbing. By developing a model with simplification assumptions, such as vertical ascent with no whole-body angular acceleration, we can grossly estimate knee loads under dynamic conditions using posture and whole-body acceleration. The model presented demonstrates that upward whole-body acceleration influences the knee load on the leading leg of the climber during ladder mounting and climbing.In an effort to define the preferential departure acceleration during ladder ascent for use with the model presented, we also present preliminary data of the initial step onto a fixed ladder. These data are combined with the model at the moment of initial stance foot departure to generate preliminary knee loading estimates. Where appropriate and possible, the authors have attempted to compare and validate the analytical model with published knee loading.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Six-parameter Gaussian modes in free space

A derivation is given of free-space Gaussian modes described by six parameters. For a beam traveling in the $z$ direction, three parameters describe the beam properties in the planes of constant $y$ and three parameters describe the beam properties in the planes of constant $x$. It is further shown that the beam waist for the properties in the planes of constant $y$ need not coincide with that for the properties in the planes of constant $x$. For special values of the parameters the six-parameter modes reduce to the familiar three-parameter modes.
Quantifying Interactions between DNA Oligomers and Graphite Surface Using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

In single molecule force spectroscopy experiments, force probes chemically modified with synthetic, single-stranded DNA oligomers produced characteristic steady-state forces connected by abrupt steps between plateaus, as the probes moved away from a graphite substrate. The force plateaus represent peeling of a small number of polymer molecules from the flat surface. The final force jump in the retraction region of the force–distance curves can be attributed to a single DNA molecule detaching from the graphite surface. Previously, Manohar et al. (Nano Lett.2008, 8, 4365) reported the peeling forces of the pyrimidine oligomers as 85.3 ± 4.7 and 60.8 ± 5.5 pN for polythymine and polycytosine, respectively. We measured the force–distance curves for purine oligomers on a graphite surface and found the peeling forces to be 76.6 ± 3.0 and 66.4 ± 1.4 pN for polyadenine and polyguanine, respectively. Using a refined model for peeling a single freely jointed polymer chain from a frictionless substrate, we determine...
Polarography of some pyridine and 1-methylpyridinium aldoximes

Abstract The polarographic characteristics of 2-, 3-, and 4-aldoximino-substituted pyridines and 1-methylpyridinium iodides are reported. Well-defined, diffusion controlled, cathodic waves were observed, with the exception of pyridine-3-aldoxime, over the p h range 0–12 for the overall irreversible reduction of the oxime group to a primary amine, a process which involves the uptake of four electrons. The 1-methylpyridinium aldoximes were more easily reduced than were the corresponding pyridine aldoximes, particularly at high p h values where the pyridine nitrogen was unprotonated. Within each series the ease of reduction was as follows: 4-> 2-> 3-substituents. At high p h values a second cathodic wave was also observed in the case of the 1-methylpyridinium aldoximes which corresponded to reduction of the methylpyridinium nucleus. Alternating current polarographic studies indicated that the electrode process involved some reversible electrochemical steps. In addition, maximum suppressors were observed to shift half-wave potentials to more negative values without altering diffusion currents.
Cost-Effective Management of High-Risk Patients: A Case-Map Approach

Abstract Background . The case-management approach to patient care used by most cardiac surgical practices frequently highlights patients designated as high-risk. Increased risk might be because of advanced age, the need for complex reoperations, high risk of bleeding, and renal failure, all of which may be superimposed on poor ventricular performance. Methods . A small consensus panel of cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, cardiac-care nurse managers, and coagulation experts met to assess the potential for development of case-management pathways targeted towards high-risk coronary artery bypass graft patients. The process comprised review of the literature to identify risk factors and strategies most cost-effective in reducing risk. Results . A series of management strategies driven by data from the literature—or by consensus when such information was not available—were developed to cost-effectively manage the high-risk patient. The process was then converted to a multidimensional computer program. This personal computer-driven program served as a framework upon which any institution could impose its own practice style and modify recommendations. The program was designed to be interactive and to allow easy transition from patient-management strategies to support data. A facilitator generally coordinates the interaction between the local patient-care group and the computer information base to evolve a case-management map. Conclusions . By using stored information based on current literature and easily updated, the system is both educational and product oriented, and provides a case-map approach to the cost-effective management of patients during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of hospital care.
Failure of papaverine to alter L-dopa-influenced GH and PRL secretion.

Papaverine, 150 mg BID for 2 weeks, a dose which produced marked clinical impairment in Parkinsonian patients taking l-Dopa, failed to alter l-Dopa-stimulated GH secretion or l-Dopainhibited PRL secretion in 6 normal volunteers. Failure to demonstrate an inhibitory effect of papaverine on dopaminergic hypothalamic-pituitary systems, despite its inhibition of striatal dopaminergic pathways, may imply qualitative or quantitative functional differences between hypothalamic and striatal dopaminergic systems.
Imaging natural cognition in action.

The primary function of the human brain is arguably to optimize the results of our motor actions in an ever-changing environment. Our cognitive processes and supporting brain dynamics are inherently coupled both to our environment and to our physical structure and actions. To investigate human cognition in its most natural forms demands imaging of brain activity while participants perform naturally motivated actions and interactions within a full three-dimensional environment. Transient, distributed brain activity patterns supporting spontaneous motor actions, performed in pursuit of naturally motivated goals, may involve any or all parts of cortex and must be precisely timed at a speed faster than the speed of thought and action. Hemodynamic imaging methods give information about brain dynamics on a much slower scale, and established techniques for imaging brain dynamics in all modalities forbid participants from making natural extensive movements so as to avoid intractable movement-related artifacts. To overcome these limitations, we are developing mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) approaches to study natural human cognition. By synchronizing lightweight, high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) recording with recordings of participant sensory experience, body and eye movements, and other physiological measures, we can apply advanced data analysis techniques to the recorded signal ensemble. This MoBI approach enables the study of human brain dynamics accompanying active human cognition in its most natural forms. Results from our studies have provided new insights into the brain dynamics supporting natural cognition and can extend theories of human cognition and its evolutionary function — to optimize the results of our behavior to meet ever-changing goals, challenges, and opportunities.
Correlative deformation mechanisms in NixCo1−xO/ZrO2(CaO) directionally solidified eutectic composites with a confined metallic interphase

NixCo1−xO/ZrO2(CaO) directionally solidified eutectic composites have been previously shown to form Ni(Co) metallic interphases mediating NixCo1−xO and ZrO2(CaO) phases upon chemical reduction of the composite at high temperatures. Vickers and nanoindentation experiments indicate characteristics of toughening enhancement in the reduced composite due to plastic deformation of the confined metallic interphase. This paper reports on the effect of size scale and chemistry of the metallic interphase on the phenomenological aspects of deformation behavior and the extent of plasticity at different length scales in the reduced eutectic model system. Transmission electron microscopy observations clearly show that a size-dependent deformation mechanism operates within the metallic interphase. A decrease in the extent of strain energy absorption, dislocation activity and twinning propensity is observed within the ductile interphase with decreasing size scale. In addition, a transition is observed in the small-scale deformation mechanism of the metallic interphase with changes in the composition of the interphase.
Cytogenetic characterization of diffuse large cell lymphoma using multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization

Abstract We have employed multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) to characterize the cytogenetic changes in 20 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), that contained complex and partially characterized karyotypes. The M-FISH analysis helped to delineate 94% of the unidentified abnormalities and assisted in redefining some unidentified/misidentified karyotypic changes. Recurrent breakpoints observed in ⩾20% cases included 14q32, 3p21, 3q27, 22q12, 1q25, and 18q21 (in decreasing order), and 1p22, 1q21, 4q31, 6q21, and 8q24 (in four cases each). Numerical gain of chromosomes 7, 9, 12, and X and loss of chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 17, and Y, were noted in ⩾20% of cases. The minimum deleted regions encompassed 6q21∼q25, 1p22∼p36, 1q32∼q44, 2p23∼p25, 4q31∼q35, 13p13∼q14, and 17p11∼p13. Two cases presented with a sole structural abnormality, and one contained a der(17)t(9;17)(p21;p13), which has not been reported earlier as a sole abnormality in DLBCL. Upon completely characterizing the karyotypes, we observed with interesting that in 55% of the cases, more than one BCL gene bearing regions was involved in translocations. In the remaining 45%, where only one or none of the BCL gene regions was involved in a rearrangement, we observed the loss of chromosomes 6 and/or 17 or partial deletions of 6q and/or 17p or gain of 7 and/or 12. Our findings suggest that, although BCL2 and BCL6 are most often implicated in DLBCL, the possibility of the disruptions of BCL3 , BCL8 , BCL9 , and BCL10 as a "primary event" in DLBCL cannot be ruled out. Most often, a combination of events may be necessary for the genesis of DLBCL or progression of follicular lymphoma to DLBCL. Overall, M-FISH has enhanced our ability to provide a comprehensive karyotypic analysis, and has helped in defining the importance of BCL3 , BCL8 , BCL9 , and BCL10 carrying breakpoints in DLBCL.
Visual analysis and image motion in locomoting cats

During locomotion, observers see a characteristic pattern of motion referred to as an optic flow field. To investigate how they make use of this pattern, we have developed a paradigm for testing visual function during locomotion. Foot placement was recorded while cats walked down an alley cluttered with a high density of small objects; the task was to avoid stepping on any object. In the experiments reported here, motion cues were eliminated by the use of low-frequency strobe lighting. In bright continuous light cats performed with great accuracy, and likewise at scotopic light levels. However, in strobe lighting their error rates increased more than threefold. This deterioration could not be attributed to lower acuity, since the cats' performance remained excellent when the light level was reduced well below that afforded by the strobe light. When very dim continuous light was combined with low-frequency strobe lighting, performance was substantially better than under strobe light alone. We conclude that motion-sensitive neurons make a major contribution to visual guidance of foot placement during locomotion. When strobe lighting is combined with very dim continuous light, even the minimal motion information available in the intervals between bright strobe flashes improves performance significantly. Cats were also trained to discriminate between complex patterns, and this discrimination was not affected by strobe lighting, suggesting that motion-sensitive neurons are not critical for this analysis.
A Survey of Genetic Resistance to Leukosis-Sarcoma Viruses in Commercial Stocks of Chickens

Abstract THE avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses have been subdivided into three subgroups (A, B and C) (Vogt et al., 1967). Recessive genes at each of two autosomal loci confer resistance to subgroups A and B respectively, probably by blocking viral penetration (Crittenden et al., 1967; Piraino, 1967; Crittenden, 1968). Unpublished data suggests that a similar system of resistance to subgroup C exists (Duff and Vogt, 1969; Payne, 1969). Surveys of genetic resistance to subgroups A and B in commercial strains of white-egg-producing strains suggest that most strains are highly susceptible to subgroup A, but are segregating for resistance to subgroup B (Calnek, 1968; Crittenden, 1968). The present survey was initiated to study a larger group of white-egg-producing stocks and a sample of heavy-breed stocks for resistance to subgroup A, B and C leukosis-sarcoma viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus Stocks: Purified stocks of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) were used. This virus was chosen…
Regulation and function of the melanization reaction in Drosophila.

The melanization reaction, involving the synthesis of melanin to encapsulate pathogens, is a prominent immune response in Drosophila, the mosquito, and other insects and arthropods. Biochemical studies with large insects have defined a basic model for how melanization is activated and regulated upon microbial infection. In this model, recognition of a microorganism triggers a serine protease cascade that activates phenol oxidase (PO), a key enzyme in the melanin biosynthetic pathway, and serpin-type protease inhibitors are involved in inhibiting the cascade. In the past few years, genetic studies in Drosophila have identified serine proteases and serpins that regulate activation of PO and melanization in vivo. These studies, along with molecular genetic analysis of melanization in the mosquito, have provided new insight into the role that melanization plays in fighting microbial infection.
High accuracy solutions of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

In recent years, high accuracy finite difference approximations were developed for partial differential equations of elliptic type, with particular emphasis on the convection-diffusion equation. These approximations are of compact type, have a local truncation error of fourth order, and allow the use of standard iterative schemes to solve the resulting systems of algebraic equations. These high accuracy approximations are extended to the solution of Navier-Stokes equations. Solutions are obtained for the model problem of driven cavity and are compared with solutions obtained using other approximations and those obtained by other authors. It is discovered that the high order approximations do indeed produce high accuracy solutions and have a potential for use in solving important problems of viscous fluid flows.
Pulsed Flashover of Insulators in Vacuum

Dielectric specimens in the shape of a frustum of a cone were evaluated for surface flashover strength in vacuum of 10-5 torr. Data were obtained for positive and negative pulses of several hundred kilovolts amplitude and with rise times in the nanosecond and microsecond region. The results indicate that most materials exhibit a greater resistance to breakdown if the base of the cone is at the cathode and that the strength is greatly affected by the angle that the dielectric makes with the applied field. Lucite, polystyrene, polyethylene, cast Nylon, and 7740 glass are shown to be relatively resistant to flashover in comparison with the ceramics and molded plastics. It is also observed that the surface strength in vacuum is a small fraction (approximately 1/10 or less) of the volume strength and consequently breakdown through the bulk seldom occurs. Data are given for several common insulating materials.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE gammaG-HEAVY CHAIN GENE COMPLEXES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE GENETIC MARKERS Gm(g) AND Gm(n).

The recently described Gm (g) and Gm (n) genetic markers of the γG3- and γG2-subgroups of γ-globulin were characterized in detail primarily through studies of myeloma proteins, their polypeptide chains and fragments. Antisera derived from rabbits, non-human primates and rheumatoid arthritis patients gave identical results. This contrasted with the Gm (b) system where the rabbit antisera react with a different genetic determinant (b0) than the sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients (b). The Gm (g) and Gm (n) antigens were detected both by precipitin analysis and by hemagglutination inhibition. The Gm (g) antigen was not associated with any of the other genetic antigens of the γG3-proteins which all belonged in the Gm (b) class. The genes for the latter were always allelic to the gene coding for Gm (g), with that for Gm (b0) constantly present when that for Gm (g) was absent. The Gm (g) and Gm (n) markers were of particular value in tracing the various gene complexes made up of the closely linked subgroup genes. Further support was gained for the concept that the different gene complexes of various population groups arose primarily through crossing-over. The Gmg and Gmb genes for the γG3-subgroup were extremely closely linked to those for the γG1-subgroup. However the Gm (n) marker indicated that the γG2-subgroup genes were probably further separated on the chromosome. Additional evidence was obtained for the γG2-γG3-γG1-order of the subgroup cistrons. Among the wide range of gene complexes a new type (γG2,—,γ/G1) was described. This complex appeared to have a deletion of the γG3-cistron. Lower levels of γG3-globulin were found in the sera of the individuals with this gene in the heterozygous state. The possibility that this unusual complex arose through an unequal nonhomologous crossing-over is discussed.
Role of Transcription Factors C/EBPα and PU.1 in Normal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia

Differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is under strict control of a regulatory network orchestrated by lineage-specific transcription factors. A block in normal differentiation is a major contributing factor in the development of solid tumors and leukemias. Cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently harbor mutated or dysregulated transcription factor genes, suggesting their involvement in leukemogenesis. As a consequence, these alterations diminish the pool of available molecules of a small number of critical transcription factors, such as CCAAT enhancer binding proteins, PU.1, GATA-1, and AML-1. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of how this functional pool of transcription factors is maintained during normal and malignant hematopoiesis, including direct protein-protein interactions, competition for DNA binding, and the control of transcription factor genes by proximal and distal regulatory elements. Results of recent studies of mice carrying hypomorphic PU.1 alleles have indicated that reduction in the expression of a single transcription factor is capable of predisposing mice to AML. The implications of these findings for the study of hematopoiesis in the future as well as novel approaches to more disease-specific therapies are discussed.
Hypnosis in the Treatment of Alcoholism: A Review and Appraisal

Abstract Reports on the hypnotic treatment of alcoholism appearing since 1964 are reviewed. It is concluded that the positive results obtained in individual and group case studies must be viewed with caution because of methodological shortcomings. The results of two experimental investigations revealed that the use of a hypnotic induction did not add leverage to conventional therapies for alcoholism. These findings suggest that when hypnotic therapies are successful in the treatment of problem drinking, their efficacy is attributable to nonhypnotic factors, rather than to the use of hypnosis per se. However, final conclusions cannot be reached until the contribution of hypnotic susceptibility to treatment outcome is determined and therapeutic techniques are more adequately implemented. Recommendations for future research are discussed as is the need to develop a comprehensive treatment program which recognizes the different stages involved in the recovery from alcoholism.
Mediating Effects of Stress, Weight-Related Issues, and Depression on Suicidality in College Students

AbstractObjective: Through a holistic health lens, the current study examines the effects of weight-related issues and stress on suicidality while controlling for depressive symptoms in college students. Participants: In total, 872 undergraduate and graduate students at DePaul University completed the American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment II Web-based survey in Spring 2010. Methods: Measures of suicidality, depression, weight-related issues, and life stressors were assessed, along with gender differences. Results: Females reported experiencing more weight loss attempts and total stressors than males. Weight-related issues and stress both significantly predicted depressive symptoms in a path analysis; depressive symptoms, in turn, significantly predicted suicidality. Gender differences were found; depressive symptoms mediate the relation between stress and suicidal behavior for females but not for males. Implications: This investigation furthers previous research on suicida...
Sleep Satisfaction and Intentional Self-Awakening: An Alternative Protocol for Self-Report Data

We have reported that sleep satisfaction provides an effective research variable for use with large groups. It affects self-report measures of waking behavior, time spent in bed, and both spontaneous and intentional awakenings from sleep. Here, we report that with a counterbalanced design and self-awakening requirements meant to be more difficult for the subjects to attain, systematic differences were, again, found for the sleep-satisfaction groups. Self-reported sleep satisfaction is an heritable behavior. The genetic and environmental implications are discussed.
Using near-field statistics for interface characterization

The first- and second-order statistical properties of intensity in the near-field of random media are investigated. It is found that specific experimental configurations are needed to relate intensity statistics to statistical properties of physical interface.
Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a retrospective analysis

Abstract Objective This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of a cohort of patients diagnosed with uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) seen at a single institution. Methods All patients diagnosed with uterine STUMP and seen between 1990 and 2005 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were identified using the institution's databases. Variables of interest included age at diagnosis, recurrence rate, and disease-free and overall survival. Results Forty-one patients with uterine STUMP were identified and included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 43 years (range 25–75 years). The mean follow-up time was 45 months (range 1–171 months). Three patients (7.3%) had a recurrence during the follow-up period. One of the three patients who had recurrent disease was found to have a leiomyosarcoma at the time of recurrence. Recurrence rates were similar for women who underwent myomectomy and those who underwent hysterectomy. All three patients with recurrence were alive and disease-free at a mean follow-up time of 121 months. Conclusion Our results suggest that in this cohort of patients with uterine STUMP the recurrence rate was 7%. Recurrences can be in the form of STUMP or leiomyosarcoma.
TRANSIENT THERMAL STRESS PROBLEM FOR A CIRCUMFERENTIALLY CRACKED HOLLOW CYLINDER

The transient thermal stress problem for a hollow elasticity cylinder containing an internal circumferential edge crack is considered. It is assumed that the problem is axisymmetric with regard to the crack geometry and the loading, and that the inertia effects are negligible. The problem is solved for a cylinder which is suddenly cooled from inside. First the transient temperature and stress distributions in an uncracked cylinder are calculated. By using the equal and opposite of this thermal stress as the crack surface traction in the isothermal cylinder the crack problem is then solved and the stress intensity factor is calculated. The numerical results are obtained as a function of the Fourier number tD/b(2) representing the time for various inner-to-outer radius ratios and relative crack depths, where D and b are respectively the coefficient of diffusivity and the outer radius of the cylinder.
Transplantation of kidneys from expanded criteria donors

Background The critical shortage of organs for transplantation has resulted in a controversial expansion of the criteria used to define a suitable cadaveric organ donor. The shortage of kidneys has a particularly hard impact on those patients on the waiting list who have uncommon major histocompatibility antigens or who are highly immunized. Methods To determine outcomes between patients receiving grafts from expanded criteria donors (ECDs) and others, a retrospective review of 105 consecutive kidney transplantations performed at a single institution during a 31/2-year period was conducted. A total of 44 (41.9%) patients received kidneys from ECDs, 45 (42.9%) from conventional cadaveric donors, and 16 (15.2%) from live donors. All patients were treated by the same physicians and received either triple or quadruple sequential immunosuppressive therapy. In general, high risk recipients did not receive kidneys from ECDs. Results Actuarial graft survival, incidence of delayed function, length of stay, and hospital charges were not significantly different between the ECD and conventional cadaveric donor groups of recipients. A higher incidence of urinary complications occurred in the ECD group (p=0.03). This incidence was noted primarily in the recipients of kidneys from donors 5 years of age or younger. However, no allografts were lost as a result of urinary complications. ECD kidneys that were imported from outside the local catchment area accounted for approximately 25% of all cadaveric transplantations performed. Conclusions With the appropriate selection of organs from ECDs, acceptable results can be obtained. ECD organs can serve to partially alleviate the extreme organ shortage. These organs should be procured and made available to those centers willing to use them.
Coxsackievirus Myocarditis: Prophylaxis and Therapy with an Interferon Stimulator

SummaryA single dose of the synthetic double-stranded polynucleotide poly I·C inoculated intraperitoneally into mice 12 to 48 hr before challenge with coxsackievirus B-3 resulted in almost complete protection from virus-induced myocarditis. Protection was related to the presence of high titers of circulating IF in the serum. Significant protection was also obtained even when poly I·C was given 24 hr after challenge with coxsackievirus.
Nucleotide sequence of mouse 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase cDNA and expression of its gene in hepatic and erythroid tissues

Abstract The cDNA coding for 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase (EC 2.3.1.37) in both liver and anemic spleen of the mouse has been cloned. The liver clone was selected by complementation of an Escherichia coli hemA mutant. Erythroid clones were obtained by screening a cDNA library made from mouse anemic spleen RNA, using the liver cDNA as a probe. The sequences of the spleen-derived and liver-derived cDNAs are identical. The nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid (aa) sequence of a 1.85-kb spleen-derived cDNA is presented. The mouse ALA synthase aa sequence displays extensive homology to ALA synthase of chick embryonic liver. The ALA synthase mRNA, detected by Northern blot analysis, was the same size, approx. 2.3 kb, in mouse liver, anemic spleen, and mouse erythroleukemia cells. It is therefore unlikely that different isozymic forms of ALA synthase are present in mouse erythroid and hepatic tissue and this is not the basis for the different effects of heme and porphyrinogenic compounds on the expression of liver and erythroid ALA synthase.
Round cell sarcomas beyond Ewing: emerging entities

Primitive small blue round cell tumours (SBRCT) of childhood and young adults have been problematic to diagnose and classify. Diagnosis is also complicated in cases with atypical morphology, aberrant immunoprofiles and unusual clinical presentations. Even with the increased use of ancillary techniques in archival material, such as immunohistochemistry and molecular/genetic methods, a proportion of these tumours cannot be subclassified into specific histological types. A subset of tumours resembling microscopically the Ewing sarcoma family of tumours (EFT), being composed of primitive small round cells and occurring in paediatric or young adult age groups, remain unclassified, being negative for EWSR1, SS18(SYT), DDIT3(CHOP) and FOXO1(FKHR) gene rearrangements by FISH/RT-PCR. A small number of cases sharing the undifferentiated EFT appearance have been characterized recently carrying BCOR-CCNB3 or CIC-DUX4 fusions. However, based on the somewhat limited number of cases, it remains unclear if these newly defined genetic entities belong to any of the pre-existing clinicopathological disorders or represent altogether novel conditions. This review presents the latest molecular findings related to these SBRCTs, beyond the common EWSR1-ETS fusions. Specific attention has been paid to morphological features not associated typically with classic EFT, and the value of ancillary tests that can be applied when dealing with EWSR1-negative SBRCTs is discussed.
Simulating large-scale airborne networks with ns-3

Large-scale airborne networks, which connect airborne nodes with high-bandwidth communication links are being actively pursued commercially. We propose utilizing thousands of operational passenger and cargo aircraft as the principal components of an airborne network which could provide high-speed Internet to passengers on-board and on the ground. To simulate such a network we have augmented the ns-3 network simulator with a model for ingesting and processing aircraft position information, a steerable directional antenna model, a wireless point-to-point channel and associated net devices, and a distributed topology control application to manage the topology of the mesh network. We describe our implementation of these models and some tools for visualizing airborne networks. Using a simulation of a large airborne network, covering the United States, we perform experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) to route network traffic. Our simulations lead us to conclude that OLSR is likely not a good fit for our envisioned network.
The relationship of coprophagy to fecal microbial species richness in neonatal foals

It is commonly accepted that neonates are born with sterile gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and that the normal GI bacteria are established at some point after birth. In horses, the consumption of maternal feces by the neonatal foal has been suggested as an important mechanism for establishing the resident GI bacterial flora. The aim of this study was to determine if coprophagy plays a role in the colonization of commensal bacteria species in the neonatal equine GI tract. Thoroughbred mare-foal pairs (n ¼ 5) were monitored starting immediately post-foaling for 4 d via surveillance cameras. Cameras were positioned in stalls or day-pens to allow continual observation of mares and foals. Recordings were downloaded to a computer and watched to observe the frequency of coprophagy by foals. Fecal samples were collected from the mare and foal by rectal palpation starting with the passing of the foal’s meconium and at approximately 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 d after foaling. Samples were frozen at -20 � C and later processed. Microbial DNA was extracted and the small ribosomal subunit (16s rRNA gene) was amplified then subjected to PCRdenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) using a 40-60% gradient. Comparisons between banding patterns in fecal samples of a mare and her foal were made using Dice 0 s index and UPGMA. Data are reported as percent similarity between mare and foal at 0, 0.5,1, and 4 d. When PCR-DGGE was performed on the meconium of foals, no bands were observed (% similarity ¼ 0). By 0.5 d, only 3 of 5 foals had developed banding on gels, resulting in a simi
Debuggems to assess student learning in e-textiles (abstract only)

One challenge in assessing students' engineering and programming designs is that the problems are difficult to evaluate with pencil and paper. Projects with multiple types of designs (circuitry, coding, aesthetics) can go wrong in many ways (Resnick, Berg, & Eisenberg, 2000). Identifying, debugging, and solving these problems is at the crux of being able to design computational and material projects. In this poster we analyze high school students' collaborative engagement with a series of isomorphic deconstruction kits (debuggems) developed to assess their learning of coding, circuit design and creation (through sewing) in e-textiles with the LilyPad Arduino. The debuggem was designed based on our observations of common challenges that students faced when designing their own e-textiles projects during 4-week workshops. We videotaped ten students collaborating in pairs as they worked to turn on LEDs in a project strategically designed with problems in poor crafting, non-functional circuitry design and insufficient coding. Analysis includes what problems students struggled the most to solve and common types of problem solving strategies used. The debuggem was successful in that it revealed common problems, allowed for multiple solutions, and capitalized on collaborative learning. As hoped, all students solved most problems but no group solved every problem in the time allotted without help; student pairs also came up with multiple solutions. The findings indicate that deconstruction kits are not only promising tools for evaluating students' learning of designing with e-textiles but also valuable learning tools, especially when peer collaboration is taken into account.
Tear size and location impacts false lumen pressure in an ex vivo model of chronic type B aortic dissection

Background Follow-up mortality is high in patients with type B aortic dissection (TB-AD) approaching one in four patients at 3 years. A predictor of increased mortality is partial thrombosis of the false lumen which may occlude distal tears. The hemodynamic consequences of differing tear size, location, and patency within the false lumen is largely unknown. We examined the impact of intimal tear size, tear number, and location on false lumen pressure. Methods In an ex-vivo model of chronic type B aortic dissection connected to a pulsatile pump, simultaneous pressures were measured within the true and false lumen. Experiments were performed in different dissection models with tear sizes of 6.4 mm and 3.2 mm in the following configurations; model A: proximal and distal tear simulating the most common hemodynamic state in patients with TB-AD; model B: proximal tear only simulating patients with partial thrombosis and occlusion of distal tear; and model C: distal tear only simulating patients sealed proximally via a stent graft with persistent distal communication. To compare false lumen diastolic pressure between models, a false lumen pressure index (FPI%) was calculated for all simulations as FPI% = (false lumen diastolic pressure/true lumen diastolic pressure) × 100. Results In model A, the systolic pressure was slightly lower in the false lumen compared with the true lumen while the diastolic pressure (DP) was slightly higher in the false lumen (DP 66.45 ± 0.16 mm Hg vs 66.20 ± 0.12 mm Hg, P P P P 2 0.69) per 10 beat per minute increase in heart rate ( P Conclusions In this model of chronic type B aortic dissection, diastolic false lumen pressure was the highest in the setting of smaller proximal tear size and the lack of a distal tear. These determinants of inflow and outflow may impact false lumen expansion and rupture during the follow-up period.