cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide oxidation catalyzed by chloride-depleted thylakoid membranes

Abstract Chloride-depleted thylakoid membranes which are unable to catalyze the oxidation of water can nonetheless catalyze the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (Kelly, P. and Izawa, S. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 502, 198–210). Using steady-state kinetic analyses, the inhibition of hydrogen peroxide oxidation by Tris, other amines, F − has been further examined in chloride-depleted thylakoid membranes. Based on these investigations, we conclude that inhibitions of H 2 O 2 oxidation produced by such reagents are unrelated to their inhibitory activities on the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex which are observed when water is the substrate (Sandusky, P.O. and Yocum, C.F. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766, 603–611; Sandusky, P.O. and Yocum, C.F. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 849, 85–93). Experiments using the ionophore A23187 along with exogenously added Mn 2+ indicate that hydrogen peroxide oxidation by chloride-depleted thylakoids is catalyzed by a pool of free or loosely bound Mn. Further, EPR measurements indicate that the presence of hydrogen peroxide, under the assay conditions employed in our experiments, release Mn from the oxygen-evolving complex in chloride-depleted membranes. It is therefore this amine-sensitive pool of loosely bound Mn that is responsible for catalysis of H 2 O 2 photooxidation in chlrodie-depleted thylakoids.
Hyposecretion of beta-adrenergically induced sweating in cystic fibrosis heterozygotes.

ABSTRACT.: In order to determine if expression of the eystic fibrosis gene can be detected in heterozygotes, we determined sweat responses induced by local stimulation with cholinergic and β-adrenergic agents for 20 heterozygotes, 19 age- and sex-matched controls, and five subjects with cystic fibrosis. Active sweat glands were counted and sweat droplets were collected in constant bore capillaries and measured optically. Kach subject was tested two to six times. The central finding was that the sweat response of carriers was significantly lower than controls to β-adrenergic stimulation (P= 0.0013, two-tailed r test; P < 0.02, Mann-Whitney U). while cystic fibrosis homozygotes did not sweat at all. In contrast, the cholinergic sweat responses did not differ between carriers and controls. For both groups the correlation between cholinergic and (1- adrenergic sweating was positive, but a linear regression of β-adrenergic sweat responses as a function of cholinergic sweat responses yielded slopes that were significantly different for the two groups. The ratio of β-adrenergic to cholinergic sweating was plotted for each subject; the mean ratio of the carriers was approximately half of the mean for the controls (P = 0.0002 using r test or P<0.002 using the Mann-Whitney U). Our results confirm previous studies and provide new evidence that carriers have, on average, a β-adrenergically stimulated secretory response that is significantly reduced relative to the control response.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-3-Dependent Regulation of Non-Coding RNA in Small lymphocytic lymphoma/Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Abstracts from Proceedings of Eighth International Hematologic Malignancies 2012 Conferences from Proceedings of Eighth International Hematologic Malignancies 2012 Conference Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia, Vol. 13, No. S2, S363-86, 2013 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Separation of viable from non-viable tumor cells using Ficoll-Hypaque density solution.

Separation of viable from non-viable human tumor cells was performed by differential flotation on Ficoll-Hypaque specific density solution. A significant purification of viable cell population was achieved, although the total yield was limited. Because viable tumor cells are more active imunologically than non-viable cells, in terms of stimulating blastogenesis among autologous lymphocytes, detection of tumor immunity and recognition in human solid tumors may improve.
In search of a strong visual recency effect

When a sequence of visual stimuli is presented in a fixed location, immediate serial recall of the sequence is characterized by only a small recency effect. According to Battacchi, Pelamatti, and Umilta (1990), the distribution of visual stimuli over space, as well as time, greatly enhances the recency effect. After an initial failure to find a strong visual recency effect with distributed presentation (Experiment 1), in the remaining experiments an attempt was made to more closely approximate Battacchi et al.’s methodology by eliminating articulatory suppression (Experiments 2–7), using their stimuli (Experiments 3–7), blocking conditions (Experiments 4–7), requiring written rather than typed responses (Experiments 5–7), and using their list length (Experiments 6 and 7). Nevertheless, even when their method was followed as closely as possible (Experiment 7), distributed presentation did not produce a strong visual recency effect. The influence of distributed presentation on the visual recency effect would seem to be, at best, limited.
Multipurpose prevention technologies: Products in development

Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) are broadly defined as products capable of simultaneously addressing multiple sexual and reproductive health needs including unintended pregnancy, STIs including HIV-1, and other reproductive tract infections. MPTs have been discussed for a few decades but little product development has occurred. With the recent proof-of-concept that a topically applied antiretroviral (ARV) can effectively reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1 (tenofovir 1% gel) the impetus to develop MPTs is gaining momentum. Products currently in development are broadly categorized as either long-acting or on-demand. Long-acting MPTs include intravaginal rings (IVRs) and long-acting injectable products. Several IVR MPTs are under development including one designed to release tenofovir to prevent transmission of HIV-1 and levonorgestrel (LNG) to prevent unintended pregnancy over a 90-day period. Another MPT IVR under development is designed to release the ARV dapivirine and LNG for 2 months. Long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) formulations of rilpivirine (TMC278) and GSK1265744 have entered clinical evaluation and could form the basis of long-acting injectable products for HIV-1 prevention and prevention of unintended pregnancy. On-demand products include TFV 1% gel (HIV-1/HSV-2 prevention), a zinc/carrageenan zinc gel (HIV-1/HSV-2 prevention), and the SILCS diaphragm administered with TFV 1% gel. Significant technical, funding, and regulatory hurdles must be overcome to develop most MPTs; however, the significant reproductive health benefits to many women around the world should provide motivation to overcome these hurdles. This article is based on a presentation at the "Product Development Workshop 2013: HIV and Multipurpose Prevention Technologies", held in Arlington, Virginia on February 21-22, 2013. It forms part of a special supplement to Antiviral Research.
Air–sea CO2 fluxes on the US Middle Atlantic Bight

Abstract One objective of the Ocean Margins Program (OMP) was to quantify air–sea CO2 fluxes on the US Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). No measurements of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) had been reported for the MAB prior to the 1994 OMP field program. A number of field studies have now taken place that include ship and mooring-based measurements of pCO2 spanning the years 1994–2000. We use these data to quantify the annual air–sea CO2 flux on the MAB. These calculations indicate that the MAB is a net annual sink for atmospheric CO2, with the inner, mid, and outer-shelf regions taking up ∼0.1, 0.7, and 0.2 Mt C yr−1, respectively, for a net uptake of ∼1±0.6 Mt C yr−1. The annual cycle of heating and cooling combined with high winds during the period of undersaturation (winter) appear to account for a significant portion of the uptake. The flux uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty of the gas-transfer velocity parameterization, atmospheric CO2 levels, and coarse spatial pCO2 resolution. Errors due to monthly averaging of wind and pCO2 time-series are relatively small in comparison. Recent results from other ocean margin regions found a significantly larger flux (in mol m−2 yr−1). Unlike the MAB, the increase in pCO2 due to summer heating appears to be counterbalanced by new production and the pCO2 never rises significantly above atmospheric saturation in these areas.
(+)-cis-Pinonic acid: catemeric hydrogen bonding in a non-racemic ∊-keto acid

The title compound, (1S,3S)-(+)-cis-3-acetyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutaneacetic acid, C 10 H 16 O 3 , forms carboxyl-to-ketone hydrogen-bonding catemers, with a chain of screw-related molecules passing through the cell in the b direction [O...O = 2.713 (3) A]. Two intermolecular C-H...O=C close contacts were found to the acid carbonyl. Comparisons are made with the crystal structure of the racemate.
Pattern prediction in EUV resists

Accurate and flexible simulation methods may be used to further a researcher's understanding of how complex resist effects influence the patterning of critical structures. In this work, we attempt to gain insight into the behavior of a state-of-the-art EUV resist through the use of stochastic resist modeling. The statistics of photon and molecule counting are discussed. The acid generation mechanism at EUV is discussed. At lambda = 13.5 nm, the acid generation mechanism may be similar to that found in electron beam resists: acid generators are hypothesized to be activated by secondary electrons yielded by ionization of the resist matrix by high-energy EUV photons, suggesting that acid generators may be activated some distance from the absorption site. A discrete, probabilistic ionization and electron scattering model for PAG conversion at EUV is discussed. The simulated effect of resist absorbance at EUV upon doseto- size and line-width roughness is shown. The model's parameterized fit to experimental data from a resist irradiated EUV are shown. Predictions of statistical resist responses such as CD distribution and line-width roughness are compared with experimental data.
Schwann cell proliferation is accompanied by enhanced inositol phospholipid metabolism.

Inositol phospholipid metabolism during mito-gen-induced Schwann cell proliferation has been examined. Addition of axolemma- and myelin-enriched membrane fractions (AXL and MYE, respectively) to cultured Schwann cells stimulated 32P incorporation into phospha-tidylinositol 4-monophosphate [Ptdlns(4)P] and phospha-tidylinositol4,5-bisphosphate [Ptdlns(4,5)P2]. During the first 5 min of incubation with the mitogens, the amount of 32P incorporated into PtdIns(4)P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 was four- to fivefold above control values. The phosphorylation of the inositol phospholipids was dependent on the concentration of membrane mitogens and was maximal within 1 h. Schwann cells that were prelabeled with [3H]glycerol and then stimulated with AXL and MYE displayed a 30–70% increase in the amounts of [3H]PtdIns(4)P and [3H]PtdIns(4,5)P2 and a 60–80% increase in the amount of [3H]phosphatidic acid. A concomitant 20% decrease in the content of [3H]PtdIns was observed after stimulation. These results suggest that the increased metabolism of Ptdlns, Ptdlns(4)P, and Ptdlns(4,5)P2 may be one of the initial molecular events in the transduction of the mito-genic signal across the Schwann cell plasma membrane.
Cellular self-organizing systems: A field-based behavior regulation approach

Multiagent systems have been considered as a potential solution for developing adaptive systems. In this research, a cellular self-organizing (CSO) approach is proposed for developing such multiagent adaptive systems. The design of CSO systems however is difficult because the global effect emerges from local actions and interactions that are often hard to specify and control. In order to achieve high-level flexible and robustness of CSO systems and retain the capability of specifying desired global effects, we propose a field-based regulative control mechanism, called field-based behavior regulation (FBR). FBR is a real-time, dynamical, distributed mechanism that regulates the emergence process for CSO systems to self-organize and self-reconfigure in complex operation environments. FBR characterizes the task environment in terms of “fields” and extends the system flexibility and robustness without imposing global control over local cells or agents. This paper describes the model of CSO systems and FBR, and demonstrates their effectiveness through simulation-based case studies.
Photoisomerization Quantum Yield and Apparent Energy Content of the K Intermediate in the Photocycles of Bacteriorhodopsin, Its Mutants D85N, R82Q, and D212N, and Deionized Blue Bacteriorhodopsin

The quantum yield of photoisomerization and the energy content of the K intermediate in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin and its mutants D85N, R82Q, and D212N and deionized blue bR were measured. Transient optical absorption and photoacoustic spectroscopy with excitation using 400 fs laser pulse were combined to obtain results. The spectroscopic characteristics of the excited state, the J and K intermediates in the photocycle of the mutants, and deionized blue bR were determined. The presence of both 13-cis and all-trans isomers in the ground state of light-adapted D85N, R82Q, and D212N and deionized blue bR makes extraction of the quantum yield for each isomer difficult. Thus, only average values of the quantum yield for these samples were determined. The replacement of charged groups in the vicinity of the retinal Schiff base was found to decrease the rate of the photoisomerization by up to 30 times, but with no signficant change in either the apparent quantum yield of the photoisomerization or the e...
FAILURE OF ACETALDEHYDE OR ACETATE TO MIMIC THE SPLANCHNIC ARTERIOLAR OR VENULAR DILATOR ACTIONS OF ETHANOL: DIRECT in situ STUDIES ON THE MICROCIRCULATION

Abstract The effects of acetaldehyde and sodium acetate on rat mesenteric arterioles (17-25 micron i.d.) and muscular venules (35-50 micron i.d.) were examined in situ, at the microcirculatory level, by use of a high-resolution closed circuit television microscope recording system. Local, intravenous or intra-arterial administration of acetaldehyde (1.8-3600 mumol) and sodium acetate (0.25-250 mumol) to mesenteric arterioles and muscular venules of the anaesthetized rat induced dose-dependent vasoconstriction. Systemic administration of a variety of pharmacological antagonists (i.e., phentolamine, diphenhydramine, methysergide, atropine and indomethacin) did not attenuate or prevent the dose-dependent vasoconstrictor actions of these metabolites of ethanol. Our findings do not support the concept that some or all of the peripheral vasodilator actions of ethanol can be attributed to its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetate.
USING COMPETITIVE CO-EVOLUTION TO EVOLVE BETTER PATTERN RECOGNISERS

We present a system for the automatic synthesis of classifiers. The CellNet system for generating binary pattern classifiers is used as a base for further experimentation. As in the original CellNet software, we evolve pattern recognisers (hunters). However, in this version called CellNet Co-Ev, we also evolve the patterns (prey) in a competitive co-evolution. Patterns evolve through the application of camouflage functions, which are used to obscure the data naturally found in the database. The addition of this competitive co-evolution yields a larger and more varied database, artificially increasing the difficulty of the classification task. Application to the CEDAR database of handwritten characters shows an increase in the reliability of the evolution of recognisers, as well as in the elimination of over-fitting, relative to the original CellNet software.
Some tractable supervisory control problems for discrete-event systems modeled by Buchi automata

Discrete-event systems (DES) are modeled by Buchi automata together with a means of online control. In this setting the concept of a controllable language is extended to infinite strings, and conditions for the existence of a supervisor (controller) to implement a prescribed closed-loop behavior are derived. The focus is on a class of DES called product systems. These are DES composed of a finite set of asynchronous components. A control problem for such a system typically requires the synthesis of an online controller so as to achieve some prescribed coordinated behavior of the component subsystems. One of the principal difficulties in this task is that the size of the state space increases exponentially with the number of components. It is shown that despite this fact several interesting control synthesis problems for such systems are computationally feasible, and algorithms are developed for solution. >
The treatment of women in Trinidad's calypsoes, 1969–1979

This research reviews previous research on male-female conflict in the traditional folk music of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies, including some which predicted a decline in the level of antagonism directed toward women. It provides empirical evidence for the period 1969–1979 through an analysis of the lyrics of 311 calypso songs. There is no downward trend; about one-fourth of all the calypsoes examined deal centrally with women, and nearly all of these do so in a way judged to be negative to women. Major themes on women in calypsoes are discussed, and some sample lyrics are included.
The wide-area measurement technology application in micro grid

Micro grid has almost all the characteristics of large power grid.micro grid not only can operation with large power grid, but also can run independently ( referred to as the isolated operation mode ). As the diversity of generation element and load in the micro grid, large fluctuation characteristics of distributed generation, frequent disturbance of load, The flow characteristics, failure mechanism and the coordinated control issue of micro grid are more complex.so the measurement, protection, control technology of micro grid has bigger different from the traditional technology, should be conducted in special research. The wide-area measurement technology based on the IEEE1588 time synchronization can solve the problem better,The IEEE1588 can make use of the existing communication network, avoid the GPS timing recurrent missing steps. Based on the typical micro grid structure and micro grid automation control system architecture, provide the new automation control system framework of micro grid based on wide area measurement system, The idea and implementation scheme of micro power flow calculation, fault isolation and coordinated control based on the IEEE1588 is presented.
American Faculty and Their Institutions: The Global View.

The year 2011 will not go down in the annals of academic history as a good one for American professors (nor, indeed, will the first decade of the 21st century more generally). It was the year that ...
Nonlinear Analysis of FRP-Glulam-Concrete Beams with Partial Composite Action

This study focused on the development and implementation of a layered analysis method for predicting the response of FRP-reinforced glulam beams with partially composite concrete decks. The development of the model is quite general, allowing for the easy incorporation of material nonlinearity and nonlinear load-slip response of wood-concrete connectors. An effective numerical algorithm is developed and implemented for solving the governing integral and differential equations, which relies on Newton's method and a single level of iteration. The model is verified through comparison with published experimental data on the bending response of partially composite wood-concrete beams.
Nitrogen Recovery from Heat-Dried and Dewatered Biosolids Applied to Forage Grasses

Biosolids are stabilized solids from municipal wastewater treatment that meet federal criteria for land application. Limited information exists on N availability from biosolids treated to meet Class A standards for pathogen reduction. We conducted a 2-yr field study at two locations in western Washington: (i) to evaluate N recovery from Class A biosolids applied to two cool-season perennial grasses, and (ii) to make practical recommendations for biosolids application rates for intensive production of these grasses. We surface-applied two types of Class A biosolids (heat-dried and thermophilically digested-dewatered) at three rates to a well-drained soil planted to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and to a poorly-drained soil planted to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Each location also had N fertilizer (34-0-0) and zero-N control treatments. Grass was harvested at 30 to 50 d intervals during the growing season. The two types of biosolids were similar in their ability to supply N to the grasses. At the well-drained site, application of 1100 to 1250 kg ha -1 of biosolids N over 2 yr produced similar grass yield and apparent N recovery as 540 kg ha -1 ammonium (NH 4 ) nitrate (NO 3 )-N. At the poorly-drained site, application of 750 to 830 kg ha -1 biosolids N over 2 yr produced similar yield and apparent N recovery as 340 kg ha -1 NH 4 NO 3 -N. Residual soil NO 3 in the fall was low at both locations and was not affected by the biosolids treatments. Comparison with other literature suggests that these materials are as effective as liquid biosolids at supplying N to forage grasses.
Past and present in the therapeutic action: The persistent influence of the primary object

Psychoanalytic literature has focused on the influence of the primary object during early development, and the transference is described as a repetition of these early object experiences. Yet, personality is informed by past and present experiences with primary objects and others. Thus, limiting our understanding of the transference to past object experiences does not fully demonstrate the complexity of this phenomenon, nor does it allow for the ongoing influence that a primary object may have on the patient's life. Using contemporary psychoanalytic theory, this paper looks at the way that adult interactions with their primary object figures and the attunement of their therapists to these present experiences also influence the therapeutic action.
Phase Stability in the Nanocrystalline Tio2 System

Initial thermodynamic analysis predicts surface tension of fine solid particles decreases with decrease in particle size. Free energy of fine solid particles increases with decrease in particle size. In the nanocrystalline TiO2 system, the surface tensions and the surface energies of both anatase and rutile were estimated by modeling available thermochemical data and kinetic data. The particle size versus temperature phase diagram of the nanocrystalline TiO2 system was calculated, which reveals 1-8 nm anatase is more stable than rutile of the same size at certain temperatures.
Cost of tokking: the energetics of substrate communication in the tok-tok beetle, Psammodes striatus

Psammodes striatus, the ‘tok-tok’ beetle, communicates by substrate vibrations produced by tapping its abdomen on the ground. MaleP. striatus responded readily to computer-synthesized vibrations. Oxygen consumption rate ( $$\dot V_{O_2 } $$ ) of individual male beetles (n=3; mean mass 3.01 g) was continually recorded by computer before, during and after tapping communication with the computer, which also counted the beetle's replies. Standard $$\dot V_{O_2 } $$ of motionless beetles was also measured, during which time marked discontinuous ventilation was apparent. Since the relation between $$\dot V_{O_2 } $$ and tapping rate was linear, it was possible to estimate net cost of tapping (0.0279 μl O2 g−1 tap−1) and minimum cost of tapping (0.0286 μl O2 g−1 tap−1). Kinematic analysis of trains of taps showed constant intertap period (ca. 150 ms) and distinctive amplitude modulation. The efficiency of muscular movement inP. striatus is 23% of metabolic input, assuming no elastic storage. This figure will drop to ca. 5–10% if significant elastic storage takes place. Minimum cost of searching for a mate via pedestrian locomotion is 340 J kg−1 m−2, but drops to 33 J kg−1 m−2 for tapping communication. Similar energetic ratios may play a role in the early stages of the evolution of some communication systems.
Cation Cross-Linked Ionic Liquids as Anion-Exchange Materials

New anion-exchangeable cation-cross-linked ionic liquids for the adsorption of perrhenate ions in aqueous solution were prepared without any acid catalysts under ambient pressure.
Mothers' ratings of infant temperament: relation to neonatal latency to soothe by pacifier.

Abstract Latency to soothe by a pacifier in the neonatal period was assessed for 107 full-term infants. When the infants were 9 and 12 months old, their mothers rated their temperament on standardized questionnaires. Correlations were computed between the neonatal latencies to soothe and the temperament ratings. When compared with neonates who soothed more quickly, neonates who took longer to soothe were likely to be rated at 9 months as more active, more rhythmic, more approachful to new situations, and more adaptable; and at 12 months as more approachful, more pleasant in mood, and more distractible. The results are discussed in terms of developmental stages and individual variability in maturation, a shared underlying dimension of behavior for motor activity and emotionality, and a link across time between objective ratings of behavior and maternal views of infant temperament.
Turbulent forced convective cooling of microelectronic devices

Abstract This article presents a numerical study on turbulent forced convective cooling of microelectronic devices. A two-equation k - ϵ model is used for the turbulent flow. The results document the effects of various design parameters on flow and heat transfer characteristics of a miniature chip or sensor such as the microbridge sensor. Flow recirculations were predicted before and after block modeling the sensor. More importantly, flow recirculation created by separation and reattachment occurs on the top face of the block, where the heating and temperature sensing elements are installed. This recirculation has a severe effect on the local heat flux at the sensor surface. The effects of block height and location (distance from the channel entrance), Reynolds number, materials comprising the block, and heater size are thoroughly investigated.
Pulsed power particle beam fusion research

Although substantial progress has been made in the last few years in developing the technology of intense particle beam drivers, there are still several unanswered questions which will determine their ultimate feasibility as fusion ignition systems. The questions of efficiency, cost, and single pulse scalability appear to have been answered affirmatively but repetitive pulse technology is still in its infancy. The allowable relatively low pellet gains and high available beam energies should greatly ease questions of pellet implosion physics. Insofar as beam-target coupling is concerned, ion deposition is thought to be understood and our measurements of enhanced electron deposition agree with theory. With the development of plasma discharges for intense beam transport and concentration it appears that light ion beams will be the preferred approach for reactors.
Factors Affecting Adhesion of Coating to Poultry Skin: Effects of Various Protein and Gum Sources in the Coating Composition

Breading losses from poor adhesion of coating to food products is a major concern in the battered and breaded foods industry. The primary aim of this study was to determine effects of protein and gum sources and amounts on the adhesion of a commercial breading mix to poultry skin. Protein sources used were whey, soy, nonfat dry milk, egg albumen, and gelatin. Gum sources were sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar, tragacanth, and xanthan. Among the proteins, gelatin and egg albumen most effectively improved adhesion. For all gums studied, only CMC was significantly better at improving adhesion. Increased levels of gums and proteins in breading did not affect adhesion significantly.
Adaptive imaging spectrometers in astronomy

The term `adaptive imaging spectrometer' is taken to imply that the instrumental characteristics can be adapted via purely electronic means to provide significantly altered observational capabilities. The paper demonstrates selected characteristics of the acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) that include simultaneous acquisition of orthogonally polarized spectral images at high spatial resolution of transmittance (greater than 75 percent), polarization contrast between the orthogonally polarized images of over 10,000, permitting accurate measurement of the polarization parameters of incident light, operation of the AOTF as a no-moving parts shutter with a contrast of about 10000 on a submillisecond time scale and electronic control of the pass band.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
In silico method for inferring genotypes in pedigrees

Our genotype inference method combines sparse marker data from a linkage scan and high-resolution SNP genotypes for several individuals to infer genotypes for related individuals. We illustrate the method's utility by inferring over 53 million SNP genotypes for 78 children in the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain families. The method can be used to obtain high-density genotypes in different family structures, including nuclear families commonly used in complex disease gene mapping studies.
Mitotic Down-regulation of p190RhoGAP Is Required for the Successful Completion of Cytokinesis

p190RhoGAP-A (p190) is a GTPase-activating protein known to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics by decreasing RhoGTP levels through activation of Rho intrinsic GTPase activity. We have previously shown that p190 protein levels are cell cycle-regulated, decreasing in mitosis, and that this decrease is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In addition, overexpression of p190 results in decreased RhoGTP levels at the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis, p190 and the RhoGEF Ect2 play opposing roles in cytokinesis, and sustained levels of p190 in mitosis are associated with cytokinesis failure, all findings that suggest but do not directly demonstrate that completion of cytokinesis is dependent on reduced levels of p190. Here we report, using an RNAi reconstitution approach with a degradation-resistant mutant, that decreased p190 levels are required for successful cytokinesis. We also show that the multinucleation phenotype is dependent on p190 RhoGAP activity, determine that the N-terminal GBDS1 region is necessary and sufficient for p190 mitotic ubiquitination and degradation, and identify four N-terminal residues as necessary for the degradation of p190 in mitosis. Our data indicate that in addition to activation of RhoGEF(s), reduction of RhoGAP (p190) is a critical mechanism by which increased RhoGTP levels are achieved in late mitosis, thereby ensuring proper cell division.
Sodium Borate Inhibits Decomposition of Two Protein Hydrolysates Attractive to the Mexican Fruit Fly

Used at 1% in invaginated glass traps, an acid hydrolysate of corn protein with com-steep water, Staley’s Protein Insecticide Bait No. 7 (PIB 7), attractive to the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), putrefied And changed color. Fruit flies disintegrated in the solution and undesirable flies were attracted. Sodium borate (borax) at 2% eliminated putrefaction and resultant effects. Although catches of Mexican fruit flies were lowered by 10%, the advantages gained outweighed this reduction. Addition of borax to an enzymatic hydrolysate of cottonseed protein, a more effective lure than PIB 7, resulted in the same advantage but did not affect the catch.
Thomas-Fermi theory of screening of a point-charge impurity in an insulator: Nonzero temperature.

Analyse de l'ecrantage electrostatique, a une temperature differente de zero, d'une charge ponctuelle enrobee dans un isolant a partir d'une version a deux bandes de la theorie de Thomas-Fermi (TF). La forme du potentiel ecrante a grande distance par rapport a l'impurete est obtenue en termes de quadratures. Cette expression asymptotique est alors evaluee sous une forme analytique formee dans la limite des basses temperatures. Resolution numerique de l'equation TF exacte (non lineaire). On donne les resultats numeriques de la fonction dielectrique spatiale (equivalente du potentiel) montrant sa dependance avec la distance par rapport a l'impurete, avec la temperature, avec la force de la charge d'impurete, et avec la bande interdite. Comparaison des resultats obtenus pour une temperature non nulle avec ceux obtenus anterieurement a la temperature zero dans le meme cadre de la theorie TF
Mixed Monolayers on Gold Nanoparticle Labels for Multiplexed Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Based Immunoassays

This paper describes a new approach, based on self-assembled mixed monolayers, to the design and preparation of extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs). ERLs function as spectroscopic tags for the readout of sandwich-type immunoassays using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). They are created by coating gold nanoparticles with Raman reporter molecules and antibodies specific for the target analyte. Mixed-monolayer ERLs are formed by covering gold nanoparticles with a mixture of two different thiolates. One thiolate serves to covalently bind antibodies to the particles, imparting biospecificity to the ERLs, while the other thiolate produces a strong Raman signal. Mixed-monolayer ERLs can be prepared in a few relatively simple steps using readily available materials. The SERS intensity of each type of ERL can be tuned to match other ERLs by adjusting the mixed monolayer composition, greatly facilitating the generation of sets of ERLs for multiplexed applications. The work herein not only describes the new pathway for ERL production, but also demonstrates the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative multiplexed detection using a set of four mixed-monolayer ERLs.
Review: Adapting scalar turbulence closure models for rotation and curvature

Scalar, eddy viscosity models are widely used for predicting engineering turbulent flows. System rotation, or streamline curvature, can enhance or reduce the intensity of turbulence. Methods to incorporate the effects of rotation and streamline curvature consist of introducing parametric variation of model coefficients, such that either the growth rate of turbulent energy is altered; or such that the equilibrium solution bifurcates from healthy to decaying solution branches. For general use, parameters must be developed in coordinate invariant forms. Effects of rotation and of curvature can be unified by introducing the convective derivative of the rate of strain eigenvectors as their measure.
In situ auger electron spectroscopy characterization of wet-CO2-lubricated sliding copper electrical contact

Abstract The electrical contact resistance, elemental surface composition and friction of an OFHC copper slip ring rotating in contact with two high purity copper wire brushes on different tracks were investigated in situ for heavy and light normal contact forces under a wet CO 2 environment at atmospheric pressure. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to characterize the slip ring and brush surfaces. Previous work in ultrahigh vacuum showed that, as rotation proceeded, interfacial impurities were almost totally removed and the electrical contact resistance decreased until cold welding occurred. In the present work, the slip ring surface was sputter cleaned (more than 95% Cu) before contact rotation and was only slightly contaminated after rotating in wet CO 2 . Both the contact resistance and the friction decreased quickly and reached steady state values almost simultaneously in the early stages of rotation. Also, cold welding phenomena did not occur. Scanning electron micrographs taken after each experiment showed that the surfaces of the slip ring tracks and the brush wire ends were much rougher when heavy normal contact forces were used than in the light normal force condition. All these results confirm that wet CO 2 is an effective lubricant for Cu-Cu electrical sliding contacts.
Federal efforts toward lead poisoning prevention and the role of the sociologist

Discusses prevention of lead poisoning among US children, claiming that it is entirely preventable yet is the most common environmentally induced disease in children. Outlines the extent of the problem then focuses on legislation, what the various acts were meant to achieve, and how they can be enforced. Explains how sociological skills were used in the author’s work for the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Indicates that sociologists can help in a number of fields not immediately linked to sociology.
Spectral transmittance of lake ice from 400-850 nm

Spectral transmittance signatures for a variety of freshwater ice types were collected in the 400–850 nm range. Clear ice showed the highest transmittances, snow-covered ice the lowest and other ice types intermediate transmittances. All of the ice spectral transmittance curves showed the same general shape with no mutually-exclusive characteristics exhibited by any ice type. The magnitude of the transmittance values was the primary distinguishing factor. The range of transmittance values directly under the ice was remarkably narrow (excluding snow-covered ice) and markedly different from values lower in the water column.
Reflections of David Teece's “Profiting from technological innovation…”

Abstract This paper builds on Teece's, 1986 paper to consider how appropriability conditions affect the ability of an industry, and the economy as a whole, to progress. In particular, it offers a careful discussion of the broader costs and benefits of patenting. Can too much appropriability actually work against the broader interests of society in fostering economic growth and technical advance in the market?
More about X-linked testicular feminization of the mouse as a noninducible(is)mutation of a regulatory locus: 5-alpha-androstan-3-alpha-17-beta-diol as the true inducer of kidney alcohol dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase.

A comparison of various androgenic steroids on +/Y ♂ and +/+♀ mice suggested that 5α-an-drostan-3α-17β-diol, an intracellular metabolite of 5α-dihydrotestosterone, is the true inducer of kidney alcohol dehydrogenase and β-glucuronidase. The presence of a specific receptor protein (permease) for this inducer is doubtful. Instead, proximal tubule cells of the kidney appear to take in precursors of an inducer by pinocytosis. Only those cells which exhibit pinocytosis activity are inducible cells. It is suggested that an inducer reaches the cells of the embryonic Wolffian (mesonephric) duct in the same manner. No induction of kidney ADH and β-glucuronidase occurred in Tfm/Y mice following the administration of 5α-androstan-3α-17β-diol.
Neurosentimentalism: A Defense

Sentimentalists claim that moral judgments essentially involve emotions. Some modern sentimentalists cite a growing body of neuropsychological evidence in support of this claim. Phillip Gerrans and Jeanette Kennett argue that these “neurosentimentalists” rely on evidence taken from studies of non-agents, and thus ignore a fundamental constraint facing any account of decision making or judgment. If, as Gerrans and Kennett claim, only agents can make judgments, then theories of moral judgment cannot rely on studies of non-agents for evidential support. If this argument is correct, then neurosentimentalists face a dilemma: accept that their key evidence is inadmissible, or grant that non-agents can make moral judgments. I consider the adequacy of Gerrans and Kennett's critique by examining the evidence that they contest, and show that they are mistaken in claiming that this evidence comes from studies of non-agents. I conclude that the “neurosentimentalists’ dilemma” is thus dissolved, and that neurosentimen...
Naloxone as a stimulus for drug discrimination learning

Animals injected with the opiate antagonist naloxone hydrochloride prior to a saccharin-LiCl pairing and with its vehicle prior to saccharin alone rapidly acquired drug discrimination, avoiding saccharin following the administration of naloxone and consuming saccharin following its vehicle after only three conditioning trials. Control subjects for which naloxone never signalled a saccharin-LiCl pairing consumed saccharin following both naloxone and vehicle administration. During dose substitution sessions, animals displayed greater drug-appropriate responding as the dose of naloxone increased. When a range of doses of naltrexone was given in place of naloxone prior to saccharin access, subjects displayed dose-dependent naloxone-appropriate responding. When a range of doses of morphine was substituted for naloxone, subjects displayed vehicle-appropriate responding at all doses. The fact that naloxone was an effective stimulus at low doses and with minimal training suggests that the conditioned taste aversion procedure is a sensitive index of drug discrimination learning.
Experience with intermittent catheterisation in the southwest regional system for treatment of spinal injury.

Experience with intermittent catheterisation in the southwest regional system for treatment of spinal injury
Classification of electroencephalographic seizure recordings into ictal and interictal files using correlation sum

This study provides a performance evaluation of the correlation sum in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in its ability to classify seizure files from non-seizure files. The main thrust of the study is whether computable properties (''metrics'') of EEG tracings over time allow a seizure to be detected. This study evaluates raw intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings with the intent to detect a seizure and classify different EEG epoch files. One hundred twenty-six iEEG files from eleven sequential patients are processed and the correlation sum is extracted from non-overlapping scrolling windows of 1-s duration. The novelty of this research is in defining a generalized nonlinear approach to classify EEG seizure segments by introducing nonlinear decision functions with the flexibility in choosing any degree of complexity and with any number of dimensions, lending resiliency to data overlap and opportunity for multidimensional data analysis. A singular contribution of this work is in determining a 2-D decision plane, in this case, where duration is one dimension and window-based minima of the correlation sum is the second dimension. Also, experimental observations clearly indicate that a significant drop in the magnitude of the correlation sum signal actually coincides with the clinical seizure onset more so than the electrographic seizure onset as provided by the medical experts. The method with k-fold cross validation performed with an accuracy of 91.84%, sensitivity of 92.31%, and specificity of 91.67%, which makes this classification method most suitable for offline seizure detection applications.
Carboplatin/Paclitaxel or Carboplatin/Vinorelbine Followed by Accelerated Hyperfractionated Conformal Radiation Therapy: Report of a Prospective Phase I Dose Escalation Trial From the Carolina Conformal Therapy Consortium

Purpose To prospectively determine the maximum-tolerated dose of accelerated hyperfractionated conformal radiotherapy (RT; 1.6 Gy bid) for unresectable locally advanced lung cancer (IIB to IIIA/B) following induction carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/T) or carboplatin/vinorelbine (C/N). Methods Induction chemotherapy, C/T or C/N, was followed by escalating doses of conformally-planned RT (73.6 to 86.4 Gy in 6.4-Gy increments). Concurrent boost methods delivered 1.6 and 1.25 Gy bid to the gross and clinical target volumes, respectively. Results Between November 1997 and February 2002, 44 patients were enrolled (median age, 59 years; 59% male; stage III, 98%; median tumor size, 4 cm). Thirty-nine patients completed induction chemotherapy: 19 had a partial response, seven progressed, 15 had no response, and three were not assessable. Chemotherapy-associated toxicities were similar in the two chemotherapy groups. The incidence of grade ≥ 3 RT-induced toxicity was 1/13, 2/14, and 4/12 at 73.6, 80, and 86.4 Gy, respect...
A man with type III glycogenosis associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension

Abstract Type III glycogenosis, an inherited disorder of glycogen metabolism that results from reduced or absent activity of the enzyme amylo-1,6-glycosidase (debranching enzyme), has not been frequently associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension in adults. An adult Caucasian man with well-documented type IIIa glycogenosis, who presented with a variceal hemorrhage secondary to hepatic cirrhosis, is described here. No other cause of cirrhosis was found.
Survey of the DNA binding properties of natural and synthetic polyamino compounds

Using a flourescence-detected ethidium displacement assay, the calf thymus DNA complexation properties of 27 mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and hexacationic polyamines were determined. The DNA-binding affinity of these polyamine compounds increased with increasing cationic charge on the polyamine. Although most of the compounds exhibited no base pair binding selectivity, two of the tricationic polyamines possessing additional neutral amine groups exhibited approximately tenfold GC binding selectivities.
Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Total uptake

We measured uptake length of 15NO { in 72 streams in eight regions across the United States and Puerto Rico to develop quantitative predictive models on controls of NO { uptake length. As part of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment II project, we chose nine streams in each region corresponding to natural (reference), suburban–urban, and agricultural land uses. Study streams spanned a range of human land use to maximize variation in NO { concentration, geomorphology, and metabolism. We tested a causal model predicting controls on NO { uptake length using structural equation modeling. The model included concomitant measurements of ecosystem metabolism, hydraulic parameters, and nitrogen concentration. We compared this structural equation model to multiple regression models which included additional biotic, catchment, and riparian variables. The structural equation model explained 79% of the variation in log uptake length (SWtot). Uptake length increased with specific discharge (Q/w) and increasing NO { concentrations, showing a loss in removal efficiency in streams with high NO { concentration. Uptake lengths shortened with increasing gross primary production, suggesting autotrophic assimilation dominated NO { removal. The fraction of catchment area as agriculture and suburban– urban land use weakly predicted NO { uptake in bivariate regression, and did improve prediction in a set of multiple regression models. Adding land use to the structural equation model showed that land use indirectly affected NO { uptake lengths via directly increasing both gross primary production and NO { concentration. Gross primary production shortened SWtot, while increasing NO { lengthened SWtot resulting in no net effect of land use on NO { removal.