cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management Information Systems: The Challenge to Rationality and Emotionality

If management information systems achieve their designers' highest levels of aspiration, they will tend to create conditions where executives will experience 1 reduction of space of free movement, 2 psychological failure and double bind, 3 leadership based more on competence than formal power, and 4 decreased feelings of essentiality. These experiences will tend to create genuine resistance to MIS. MIS specialists, in turn, are not presently equipped to cope with the emotional problems caused by their systems. They react over rationally, which is an emotional response, and have difficulty in coping with their own and the executives' feelings and behavior.
Advanced Construction Technologies for the Nuclear Construction Industry

On March 28, 1979, the most significant nuclear reactor accident in US history occurred at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant.As a result, there have been no new nuclear power plants constructed in the US for over 30 years. Given the sociopolitical effects of this and other events in the history of commercial nuclear power, today the US industry faces an uncertain future. Consequentlythe US construction industry lacksnuclear construction experience and expertise in the use of advanced construction techniques necessary for successful delivery of nuclear construction projects. With the resurgence of nuclear power plants in the US, it is critical for US agenciesto develop a policy that willfoster and facilitate the development and utilization of advanced construction techniques in nuclear construction projects.Therefore, the objective of this research was toassess the current readiness of the nuclear construction industry, with respect to construction technologies. A questionnaire survey targeting experts from academia, industry, and government was conductedin order to investigate the current status of the US nuclear construction technologies. This paper presents an initial understanding of the current strengths and weaknesses of the US nuclear construction technologies intended to support US agencies in developingeffective policies regarding nuclear construction technologies.
Multiple Resources and Mental Workload

Objective: The objective is to lay out the rationale for multiple resource theory and the particular 4-D multiple resource model, as well as to show how the model is useful both as a design tool and as a means of predicting multitask workload overload. Background: I describe the discoveries and developments regarding multiple resource theory that have emerged over the past 50 years that contribute to performance and workload prediction. Method: The article presents a history of the multiple resource concept, a computational version of the multiple resource model applied to multitask driving simulation data, and the relation of multiple resources to workload. Results: Research revealed the importance of the four dimensions in accounting for task interference and the association of resources with brain structure. Multiple resource models yielded high correlations between model predictions and data. Lower correlations also identified the existence of additional resources. Conclusion: The model was shown to b...
The Neural Network Analysis Method Applied in Prediction of Coal-Bed Methane Content

The article applied neural net-work analysis method in prediction of coal-bed methane content. And use this method to analysis the main prediction factors of coal-bed methane content. And then the paper based on the neural network built the mathematics prediction models and system structure of coal-bed methane content. At last we applied this model in prediction of coal-bed methane content in Qinshui coal mine. Projections show that use neural network to predict the methane content of coal-bed is feasible.
Basic p -groups: higher commutator structure

The classification of groups according to the varieties they generate requires the study of a class of indecomposable elements. Such a class is the class of basic groups which have been studied in [4], [5] and [6]. A group is called basic if it is indecomposable qua group; that is, it is critical and indecomposable qua variety; that is, its variety is join-irreducible. In this note we consider the higher commutator structure of basic p -groups. Our main theme is the relation between the formal weight of the higher commutator subgroups and the class of the group. We obtain information about the power-commutator structure of a basic p -group, the kinds of laws that can hold in such a group and the varietal structure of groups of the form: Center-extended-by- X .
Dynamic Circuitry for Updating Spatial Representations. III. From Neurons to Behavior

Each time the eyes move, the visual system must adjust internal representations to account for the accompanying shift in the retinal image. In the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP), neurons update the spatial representations of salient stimuli when the eyes move. In previous experiments, we found that split-brain monkeys were impaired on double-step saccade sequences that required updating across visual hemifields, as compared to within hemifield. Here we describe a subsequent experiment to characterize the relationship between behavioral performance and neural activity in LIP in the split-brain monkey. We recorded from single LIP neurons while split-brain and intact monkeys performed two conditions of the double-step saccade task: one required across-hemifield updating and the other required within-hemifield updating. We found that, despite extensive experience with the task, the split-brain monkeys were significantly more accurate for within-hemifield than for across-hemifield sequences. In parallel, we found that population activity in LIP of the split-brain monkeys was significantly stronger for the within-hemifield than for the across-hemifield condition of the double-step task. In contrast, in the normal monkey, both the average behavioral performance and population activity showed no bias toward the within-hemifield condition. Finally, we found that the difference between within-hemifield and across-hemifield performance in the split-brain monkeys was reflected at the level of single-neuron activity in LIP. These findings indicate that remapping activity in area LIP is present in the split-brain monkey for the double-step task and covaries with spatial behavior on within-hemifield compared to across-hemifield sequences.
The solution of the generalized Lurie problem for direct control systems

This paper is concerned with the absolute stability of a direct control system. It is a continuation of the work of Meyer, Kalman and Yacubovich (the MKY lemmas) for the existence of Lyapunov functions with Lurie type for the generalized Lurie problem. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of frequency form for the Lyapunov functions to be positive definite with negative definite derivative, which is an improvement of the Popov frequency criterion. Subsequently the generalized Lurie problem is completely solved.
Multicatheter hybrid breast brachytherapy: a potential alternative for patients with inadequate skin distance.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ClearPath (CP) multicatheter hybrid device was able to achieve acceptable dosimetry in patients in whom the proximity of the breast surgical cavity to the skin precluded treatment with intracavitary MammoSite (MS) brachytherapy. Methods and materials The study consisted of 11 patients who had the MS catheter placed and who were subsequently not treated due to inadequate skin distance. A phantom scan of the CP multicatheter hybrid device was superimposed on the MS CT scan and a dosimetric comparison was performed. Results The median MS balloon size, diameter, and minimum skin distance were 40 cc, 4.1 cm, and 5 mm, respectively. The D 90 , V 100 , V 150 , and V 200 with MS vs. CP were 95.29% vs. 97.06%, 88.8% vs. 91.3%, 35.7% vs. 38.0%, and 9.4% vs. 9.6%, respectively. The median maximum skin dose was 5.5 Gy vs. 3.9 Gy ( p p = .09). The median maximum rib, heart, and lung dose were 2.17 Gy vs. 2.18 Gy, 2.17 Gy vs. 2.18 Gy, and 0.50 Gy vs. 0.56 Gy, respectively. Conclusion The hybrid CP catheter reduced the skin dose significantly without compromising the planning target volume coverage, DHI, or dose to other critical organs. The use of this device has the potential to increase the applicability of accelerated partial breast brachytherapy (APBI) in patients with a surgical cavity close to skin compared with balloon brachytherapy.
The effect of modern total knee arthroplasty on muscle balance at the knee

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) may affect the muscles operating at the flexion/extension (FE) or internal /external rotation (IE) axes. This study tested the hypothesis that a modern posterior stabilizing TKA will change the mechanical balance of the knee joint by altering the moment arms of muscles acting about two separate axes of rotation. Moment arms were determined for the normal knee, the knee after resection of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (the ACL – knee) and the knee after a PCL-sacrificing TKA. Five fresh cadaver hemi pelvis specimens were used with 5 posterior stabilizing prostheses (a single model available from one manufacturer). Moment arms for the individual muscle tendons were multiplied by the muscle’s tension fraction (fractional physiological cross-sectional area [PCSA]) to estimate its potential for moment production relative to the other muscles at the knee, and this value was labeled as the muscle’s moment potential. Unlike earlier studies that looked at TKA across many manufacturers’ types, this study concluded that there were no significant differences in muscle balance when comparing the intact knee and the posterior stabilized TKA.
Targeting TNF-α for cancer therapy

As the tumor vasculature is a key element of the tumor stroma, angiogenesis is the target of many cancer therapies. Recent work published in BMC Cell Biology describes a fusion protein that combines a peptide previously shown to home in on the gastric cancer vasculature with the anti-tumor cytokine TNF-α, and assesses its potential for gastric cancer therapy.
Are Nasopharyngeal Cultures Useful in Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children

The diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis can be challenging because symptoms of acute sinusitis and an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) overlap. A rapid test, if accurate in differentiating sinusitis from URI, could be helpful in the diagnostic process. We examined the utility of nasopharyngeal cultures in identifying the subgroup of children with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis who are least likely to benefit from antimicrobial therapy (those with completely normal sinus radiographs). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 204 children meeting a priori clinical criteria for acute sinusitis. All children had sinus X-rays at the time of diagnosis. To determine if negative nasopharyngeal culture results could reliably identify the subgroup of children with normal radiographs, we calculated negative predictive values and negative likelihood ratios. Absence of pathogens in the nasopharynx was not helpful in identifying this low-risk subgroup.
The Macrophage Inhibitor CNI-1493 Blocks Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Ewing Sarcoma through Inhibition of Extravasation

Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma carries a poor prognosis, and novel therapeutics to prevent and treat metastatic disease are greatly needed. Recent evidence demonstrates that tumor-associated macrophages in Ewing Sarcoma are associated with more advanced disease. While some macrophage phenotypes (M1) exhibit anti-tumor activity, distinct phenotypes (M2) may contribute to malignant progression and metastasis. In this study, we show that M2 macrophages promote Ewing Sarcoma invasion and extravasation, pointing to a potential target of anti-metastatic therapy. CNI-1493 is a selective inhibitor of macrophage function and has shown to be safe in clinical trials as an anti-inflammatory agent. In a xenograft mouse model of metastatic Ewing Sarcoma, CNI-1493 treatment dramatically reduces metastatic tumor burden. Furthermore, metastases in treated animals have a less invasive morphology. We show in vitro that CNI-1493 decreases M2-stimulated Ewing Sarcoma tumor cell invasion and extravasation, offering a functional mechanism through which CNI-1493 attenuates metastasis. These data indicate that CNI-1493 may be a safe and effective adjuvant agent for the prevention and treatment of metastatic Ewing Sarcoma.
Smearing of Vulcanized Rubber

Abstract The surface heating which occurs at the interface of rubber sliding under a load may be part of the mechanism of abrasion, especially under severe conditions. Removal of rubber by thermal degradation and a smearing process occurs if the rubber attains sufficiently high localized temperatures. A procedure, using a melting point bar, was developed for measuring the temperature at which smearing occurred for rubber vulcanizates. Smear points reproducible to about ±2° F were measured. The effect of compounding variables on the smear point was investigated. The most important variable in this category was the vulcanization system, probably inasmuch as it determined the type of cross-linking. The presence of free sulfur within the rubber also tended to increase the smear temperature. Highest smear points were obtained with mercaptobenzothiazole-tetramethylthiuram disulfide mixtures, and for a non-sulfur compound using p-quinone-dioxime as the curing agent. The highest smear point observed for natural r...
Younger Age but Not Receptor Status May Predispose to Radiation Necrosis in Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis

Purpose/Objective(s): The NovoTTF-100A System (Optune) generates Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), an effective anti-mitotic therapy, significantly prolonging overall survival when added to standard of care in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The system locally delivers intermediate-frequency, alternating electric fields to the supratentorial brain. Patient therapy is personalized by configuring transducer array layout placement on the scalp to the tumor site using MRI measurements and the NovoTAL System. Transducer array layout mapping optimizes TTFields therapy by maximizing electric field intensity to the tumor site. This study evaluated physician performance in conducting transducer array layout mapping using the NovoTAL System compared with gold-standard mapping performed by the Novocure in-house clinical team. Materials/Methods: Fourteen physicians (7 neuro-oncologists, 4 medical oncologists, and 3 neurosurgeons) evaluated 5 blinded MRI cases of glioblastoma and performed head size and tumor location measurements using a standard Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine reader. Concordance with Novocure measurement and intraand inter-rater reliability were assessed using relevant correlation coefficients. The study criterion for success was a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) >0.80. Results: CCC for each physician versus Novocure on 20 MRI measurements was 0.96 (SD 0.03, range 0.90-1.00), indicating very high agreement between the 2 groups. Intraand inter-rater reliability correlation coefficients were similarly high: 0.83 (SD Conclusion: This user study demonstrated an excellent level of concordance between prescribing physicians and Novocure in-house clinical teams in performing transducer array layout planning. Intra-rater reliability was very high, indicating reproducible performance. Physicians prescribing TTFields, when trained on the NovoTAL System, can independently perform transducer array layout mapping required for the optimal initiation and maintenance of patients on TTFields therapy. Author Disclosure: A. Chaudhry: None. L. Benson: None. M. Varshaver: None. O. Farber: None. U. Weinberg: None. E. Kirson: None. Y. Palti: Stock; Bennet, NovelusDx. Patent/License Fees/Copyright; Multiple.
Mapping paddy rice planting area in wheat-rice double-cropped areas through integration of Landsat-8 OLI, MODIS, and PALSAR images

As farmland systems vary over space and time (season and year), accurate and updated maps of paddy rice are needed for studies of food security and environmental problems. We selected a wheat-rice double-cropped area from fragmented landscapes along the rural-urban complex (Jiangsu Province, China) and explored the potential utility of integrating time series optical images (Landsat-8, MODIS) and radar images (PALSAR) in mapping paddy rice planting areas. We first identified several main types of non-cropland land cover and then identified paddy rice fields by selecting pixels that were inundated only during paddy rice flooding periods. These key temporal windows were determined based on MODIS Land Surface Temperature and vegetation indices. The resultant paddy rice map was evaluated using regions of interest (ROIs) drawn from multiple high-resolution images, Google Earth, and in-situ cropland photos. The estimated overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient were 89.8% and 0.79, respectively. In comparison with the National Land Cover Data (China) from 2010, the resultant map better detected changes in the paddy rice fields and revealed more details about their distribution. These results demonstrate the efficacy of using images from multiple sources to generate paddy rice maps for two-crop rotation systems.
Intrachannel Conflict and Use of Power

Conclusions by Lusch that coercive power leads to more intrachannel conflicts may be incorrect because his research has disregarded the dynamic aspects of power-conflict relations.
Influence of air temperature on the attractiveness of electric lamps to house flies.

Caged Musca domestica L. were tested for response to the electromagnetic spectrum between 310 and 720 nm in a controlled-environment room maintained at 32–35% relative humidity and room temperatures of 19, 23, 28, and 32. Males were most responsive, especially to green and orange light, at the lower temperatures. Females responded best at 32. Green, blue, and especially ultraviolet light were most attractive.
The tolerance of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX) in the treatment of the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Aim To observe the tolerance of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)infused intravenously for 24h in the treatment of the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Methods HD-MTX was infused for 24h in 247 cases of children acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed by calcium folinate(CF) for rescue at the 36th hour,and then at the 44th,68th,92nd hour,the blood medicine concentration was examined and the incidence rate of the side effects observed.Results The advers reaction appeared as digestive tract symptoms,the white blood cell reduced for Ⅰ°～Ⅱ°,without other serious adverse reactions.Conclusions HD-MTX results in toxicity in ALL patients receiving this treatment,which include bone marrow suppression,abnormal liver function,gastrointesinal symptoms.Few vital cases of toxicity are found.However,leucovorin rescue plays a key role in preventing the toxicity and getting an optimal treatment effect.MTX level should be monitored closely to help decide the point to initiate leucovorin rescue.
A Survey of Conversion-based Internet Advertising Model

The conversion-based advertising,which evaluateseffectiveness of an advertisement and chargesaccording to conversion occurred after a user viewed theadvertisement,leverages the unique power of Internet Advertising, and becomes the trend for future development of Internet Advertising.This paper introduces the scheme of the conversion-based advertising,analyzes its industrial application,and summarizes the researches on this field,including auction mechanism for CPA advertising,conversion rate estimation,conversion-based ad ranking,etc.Finally we analyze the existing problem and present the directions for further study.
Myelography CPT Coding Updates: Effects of 4 New Codes and Unintended Consequences

The Current Procedural Terminology of the American Medical Association has recently introduced coding changes for myelography with the introduction of new bundled codes. The aim of this review was to help neuroradiologists understand these code changes and their unintended consequences and to discuss various scenarios in which permutations of various codes could occur in clinical practice.
Nonhuman Animal Rights, Alternative Food Systems, and the Non-Profit Industrial Complex

Alternative food systems (namely the humane product movement) have arisen to address societal concerns with the treatment of Nonhuman Animals in food production. This paper presents an abolitionist Nonhuman Animal rights approach (Francione, 1996) and critiques these alternative systems as problematic in regards to goals of considering the rights or welfare of Nonhuman Animals. It is proposed that the trend in social movement professionalization within the structure of a non-profit industrial complex will ultimately favor compromises like “humane” products over more radical abolitionist solutions to the detriment of Nonhuman Animals. This paper also discusses potential compromises for alternative food systems that acknowledge equal consideration for Nonhuman Animals, focusing on grassroots veganism as a necessary component for consistency and effectiveness. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
Initiating and Managing Patients with Venous Thromboembolism on Anticoagulant Drugs: A Practical Overview

Several new oral anticoagulants have recently been approved for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this review, we discuss the currently approved drugs and the factors that influence the choice of anticoagulant in a given patient. Once anticoagulation is initiated, periodic monitoring of adequacy of anticoagulation may be necessary depending on the choice of anticoagulant and patient-related factors, such as renal function. Situations that may warrant need for monitoring and the tests available for this purpose are discussed. We review reversal of anticoagulation in urgent/emergent situations as well as perioperative anticoagulation interruption in the elective setting. The data on use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with compromised renal function, obesity and bariatric surgery, and in the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis are discussed. The review aims to provide the clinician with the essential information to allow effective and safe use of anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE.
Clinical Introduction of POEM for Achalasia: Technique

This chapter discusses the technical aspects of the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), including patient positioning, equipment setup, operative technique, and perioperative management including a discussion of common complications. The technique described in this chapter was developed at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center with assistance from Dr. Haruhiro Inoue and has been modified over the last several years. As this is a relatively new procedure without evidence-based guidelines for the individual steps of the procedure, there are many variations at the numerous centers performing POEMs. Many of the variations are referenced within this chapter.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF KAPPA OPIOID RECEPTOR AGONIST IN TRANSIENT FOCAL ISCHEMIA

P91 Kappa ( K ) opioid receptors have been implicated in neuroprotection from ischemic neuronal injury. We tested the effects of a selective and specific K -opioid receptor agonist, BRL 52537 and antagonist, norBNI on infarction volume following transient focal ischemia in the rat. Under controlled conditions of normoxia, normocarbia and normothermia, halothane (1–2%)-anesthetized male Wistar rats (250–300 g) were subjected to 2 hr of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by the intraluminal occlusion-technique using laser Doppler perfusion to assess intensity of ischemia. In a blinded randomized fashion, rats were treated with either vehicle (saline) or 1 mg/Kg/hr BRL 52537 with continuous iv infusion starting 15 min prior to MCAO. In a second set of experiments, rats were treated with vehicle (saline), 1 mg/Kg/hr BRL 52537 , 1 or 5 mg/Kg/hr norBNI starting at onset of reperfusion. All infusions were at a rate of 0.5 ml/hr and continued until the end of the experiment. Infarction volume was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining at 22 hr of reperfusion in all rats. TTC-determined infarction volume of ipsilateral caudoputamen (CP) complex in rats pretreated with BRL 52537 (N=7; 29±11 mm 3 ; p 3 ; p 3 , respectively). Similarly, rats treated with BRL 52537 at the onset of reperfusion had smaller infarction volume in CP complex (N=10;35±9 mm 3 ) and cortex (73±32 mm 3 ) compared to saline (N=10;64±5 mm 3 and 148±23 mm 3 , respectively). Rats treated with norBNI (N=10) at the onset of reperfusion had similar infraction volumes in the CP complex and the cortex as compared to saline controls. These data demonstrate that K -opioid receptor agonist provides significant neuroprotection when given as a pretreatment as well as following 2 hr of transient focal ischemia.
Locating Emergent Creativity with Similarity Metrics

Using corpora of 19 common-practice tonal composers, this article uses a variety of similarity metrics including cluster analyses and cross entropy to identify points of particular stylistic uniqueness. Throughout four computational experiments, we find that geography and chronology determine much inter-corpus similarity; however, points of dissimilarity – in particular, dissimilarities between larger groupings of similar composers – are described. Specific properties of stylistic imitations are also investigated and found to be more normative than average. These data are interpreted to arise due to emergent phenomena rather than being driven by individual “creative” composers.
Use of online recruitment strategies in a randomized trial of cancer survivors

Background/Aims:Despite widespread Internet adoption, online advertising remains an underutilized tool to recruit participants into clinical trials. Whether online advertising is a cost-effective m...
Responses to Presentations at the American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting Forum on the Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion

This article is a response to essay reviews of the Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion (Rambo and Farhadian 2014) published in this issue of Pastoral Psychology. The editors of that volume seek to engage the various issues raised by the reviewers.
State-Corporate Crime and Criminological Inquiry

The term state-corporate crime refers to serious social harms that result from the interaction of political and economic organizations. The need for such a concept emerged from our examination of events such as the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger and the fire at the Imperial chicken processing plant in Hamlet, North Carolina.1 This research made us aware of a class of organizational crimes that were the collective product of the joint actions between a state agency and a business corporation. This suggested that an additional conceptualization of deviant organizational relationships between government agencies and business corporations was needed. Since those original papers on the concept and theory of state-corporate crime, we, and a number of other researchers, have used the concept to analyze a wide variety of organizational harms.2 This chapter will describe the origins and development of the concept of state-corporate crime, review some of the research that has been carried out under this rubric, present the theoretical framework that has been most often utilized, and assess where the study of state-corporate crime might go in the future. Before we will address these issues, however, we will sketch out the historical context for considering the relationship between power and crime and explore the relationship between state-corporate crime and criminological inquiry.
Computer-based personalized feedback intervention for cigarette smoking and prescription analgesic misuse among persons living with HIV (PLWH).

Abstract Pain, tobacco cigarette smoking, and prescription opioid misuse are all highly prevalent among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Smoking and pain medication misuse can lead to deleterious outcomes, including more severe pain and physical impairment. However, we are not aware of any interventions that have attempted to address these issues in an integrated manner. Participants (N = 68) were recruited from an outpatient infectious disease clinic and randomized to either a computer-based personalized feedback intervention (Integrated PFI) that aimed to increase motivation, confidence, and intention to quit smoking, and decrease intentions to misuse prescription analgesic medications, or a Control PFI. Results indicated that PLWH who received the Integrated PFI (vs. Control PFI) evinced greater post-treatment knowledge of interrelations between pain and tobacco smoking. Moreover, participants who received the Integrated PFI and smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day (but not
The Questionable Morality of Compromising the Influence of Public Choice by Embracing a “Nobel” Lie

This paper was motivated by what we see as an inconsistency between a 1988 paper by Brennan and Buchanan expressing concern that public choice might erode public confidence in government and previous work by Buchanan, in particular Buchanan (1979). The one advantage we saw with the 1988 paper was that it, all by itself, is all one needs to dismiss MacLean’s (2017) depiction of Buchanan as an ideologically rigid extremist. We also found the same inconsistency occurring simultaneously in Buchanan’s writing in 1979. Yet, based on Wagner (2017), we conclude that such inconsistencies may reflect a strength in Buchanan’s scholarship.
Standing Up to Clapper: How to Increase Transparency and Oversight of FISA Surveillance

The Supreme Court held in Clapper v. Amnesty International that a group of non-profit organizations, journalists, and attorneys representing international clients did not have standing to challenge "programatic surveillance" of "one-end domestic" communications under Section 702 the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. This article reviews the Court's opinion in light of subsequent disclosures about the scope of NSA surveillance and then considers recent proposals to increase transparency and oversight of the United States Intelligence Community. Finally, the article outlines three reform elements necessary to bring FISA surveillance in line with constitutional and legal principles.
Use of Pheno Room, Augmented Reality, and 3-Rod Technique for 3-Dimensional Correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

This is a surgical video that showcases the surgical repair of a young male patient with idiopathic scoliosis in a hybrid operating room with the utilization of a new imaging modality Advanced Radar Target Identification System (ARTIS) PHENO (Siemens Medical Solutions, Pennsylvania, USA) and augmented reality (Video 1). A 17-year-old male patient with idiopathic scoliosis underwent scoliosis repair in a hybrid operating room with segment reality surgical planning. The use of augmented reality helped in visualization of proper screw trajectory, and the use of ARTIS PHENO helped in identification of correct screw placement and rod fixation. Intraoperative use of new imaging modalities as augmented reality imaging and ARTIS PHENO can decrease surgical complication and time.
Improving Higher-Order Learning and Critical Thinking Skills Using Virtual and Simulated Science Laboratory Experiments

Laboratory experiences are a vital component within science education. This paper is a report on the findings of a study conducted on undergraduate level laboratory science courses. A causal-comparative quantitative study was conducted with 150 learners enrolled at a 2-year community college, to determine the effects of simulation laboratory experiments on Higher-Order Learning, Critical Thinking Skills, and Cognitive Load. The treatment population used simulated experiments, while the non-treatment sections performed traditional experiments. Comparisons were made using the Revised Two-Factor Study Process survey, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and the Scientific Attitude Inventory survey, using a Repeated Measures ANOVA test for treatment or non-treatment.
Tidally Driven Interannual Variation in Extreme Sea Level Frequencies in the Gulf of Maine

Astronomical variations in tidal magnitude can strongly modulate the severity of coastal flooding on daily, monthly, and interannual timescales. Here, we present a new quasi-nonstationary skew surg...
Effect of Policy Change to Require Laboratory Reporting With Pregnancy Indicated for Syphilis and Hepatitis B Virus Infection, New York City, January 2013-June 2018.

ObjectivesWe evaluated the impact of a 2014 New York City health code change requiring laboratories to indicate if a patient is pregnant or probably pregnant in the electronic laboratory report (EL...
Impact of mobile phone delivered reminders and unconditional incentives on measles-containing vaccine timeliness and coverage: A randomised controlled trial in western Kenya

Introduction Short message service (SMS) reminders coupled with a small monetary incentive conditioned on prompt vaccination have been shown to improve first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) uptake. We assessed whether SMS reminders and unconditional monetary incentives—more amenable to programmatic implementation—can improve MCV1 uptake in Kenya. Methods Caregivers of eligible infants aged 6–8 months were enrolled into an individually randomised controlled trial and assigned to receive either: no intervention (control), two SMS reminders (SMS) sent 3 days, and 1 day before the scheduled MCV1 date, or SMS reminders coupled with a Kenya Shilling (KES) 150 incentive (SMS +150 KES) sent 3 days before the scheduled MCV1 date. Study staff conducted a household follow-up visit at age 12 months to ascertain vaccination status. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the relative and absolute difference in MCV1 timely coverage (by age 10 months), the primary outcome. Results Between 6 December 2016 and 31 March 2017, 179 infants were enrolled into each of the three study arms. Follow-up visits were completed between 19 April 2017 and 8 October 2017 for control (n=170), SMS (n=157) and SMS + 150 KES (n=158) children. MCV1 timely coverage was 68% among control arm infants compared with 78% in each intervention arm. This represented a non-statistically significant increase in the SMS arm (adjusted relative risk 1.13; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.30; p=0.070; adjusted risk difference 9.2%; 95% CI: −0.6 to 19.0%; p=0.066), but a statistically significant increase in the SMS + 150 KES arm (1.16; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32; p=0.035; 10.6%; 95% CI 0.8 to 20.3%; p=0.034). Conclusion These findings suggest that the effect of SMS reminders coupled with a small unconditional monetary incentive on MCV1 uptake is comparable to that of SMS reminders alone, limiting their utility. Further studies in the absence of unexpected supply-side constraints are needed. Trial registration number NCT02904642
Contribution of unequal new patient referrals to female surgeon under-employment.

Background The literature shows that female surgeons have lower operative volumes than male surgeons. Since volume is dependent on new patient referrals for most surgeons, inequities in referrals may contribute to this employment disparity. Methods Using 1997-2018 data from a large medical center, we examined the number of new patient referrals for surgeons. Multivariate linear analysis was performed, adjusting for surgeon race, calendar year, seniority, and clinical subspecialty. Results A total of 121 surgeons across 12,410 surgeon-months were included. Overall, surgeons had a median of 14 new patient referrals per month (interquartile range (IQR) = 7, 27). On adjusted analysis, female surgeons saw 5.4 fewer new patient referrals per month (95% CI -6.4 to -4.5). Conclusion Female surgeons, with equal training and seniority, received fewer new patient referrals than their male peers, and this may contribute to female surgeon under-employment. Surgeon gender may be one of the factors contributing to this differential referral pattern.
Variability of "Reported Fetal Fraction" in Noninvasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS).

Background Fetal fraction is often used to designate no-calls in noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS). We wished to compare the variability in determining fetal fraction to gold standard methods. Methods We identified 6 publications with datasets consisting of methods capable of measuring fetal fraction for all samples that also had comparison data from gold standard methods. Examples of gold standard methods included relative Y-chromosome quantification in cases of male fetus pregnancies or relative quantification of the relevant chromosome for pregnancies affected by one of the 3 major trisomies. Results The studies showed that the differences of the various fetal fraction measurement assays as compared to a gold standard measurement displayed a standard deviation (SD) in the range of 1.3-3.4% fetal fraction (FF). The 4 studies that measured FF from fragment size and genomic coordinates or single nucleotide polymorphisms had a lower variability, with a median SD of about 1.6%, whereas 2 other studies using different methods displayed significantly higher variability. Conclusion When deciding whether to use the reported FF as a reason to discard samples as no-calls or not, we recommend taking the variability of the FF measurement into consideration.
A Promising Chemical Series of Positive Allosteric Modulators of the μ-Opioid Receptor that Enhance the Antinociceptive Efficacy of Opioids but not their Adverse Effects

ABSTRACT Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) have been proposed to exhibit therapeutic potential by maximizing the analgesic properties of clinically used opioid drugs while limiting their adverse effects or risk of overdose as a result of using lower drug doses. We herein report in vitro and in vivo characterization of two small molecules from a chemical series of MOR PAMs that exhibit: (i) MOR PAM activity and receptor subtype selectivity in vitro, (ii) a differential potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of oxycodone, morphine, and methadone in mouse models of pain that roughly correlates with in vitro activity, and (iii) a lack of potentiation of adverse effects associated with opioid administration, such as somatic withdrawal, respiratory depression, and analgesic tolerance. This series of MOR PAMs holds promise for the development of adjuncts to opioid therapy to mitigate against overdose and opioid use disorders.
The Association of Current Tobacco Status With Pain and Symptom Severity in Fibromyalgia Patients.

Abstract Objective To describe current tobacco use among patients with newly confirmed fibromyalgia and evaluate the association between tobacco use status and severity of reported pain and other fibromyalgia symptoms. Patients and Methods Participants in this study were adult patients (N=1068) with fibromyalgia who met American College of Rheumatology 2010/2011 clinical criteria for fibromyalgia at the time of initial presentation to a Midwest fibromyalgia clinic (June 1, 2018, through May 31, 2019). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association of tobacco use status with the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) scores. Covariates included in these analyses included age, sex, body mass index, depression, opioid medication use, and use of fibromyalgia-specific pharmacotherapy. Results The patients were largely women (87.0%; n=929), white (87.9%; n=939), and with an average ± SD age of 46.6±13.9 years. The WPI and SSS scores were significantly greater in current tobacco users compared with never tobacco users (WPI effect estimate [EE] = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.76; type III P=.020; SSS EE = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.84; type III P=.036). The WPI score was negatively associated with age (EE = −0.02 per year; 95% CI, −0.03 to −0.001 per year; P=.037) and no use of opioid medication (EE = −1.08; 95% CI, −1.59 to −0.57; P Conclusion The results of our study suggest that tobacco use is associated with greater pain and other symptom severity in patients with fibromyalgia. These findings have important clinical and research implications for patients with fibromyalgia who use tobacco and who may benefit from early identification and timely implementation of tobacco cessation treatment to decrease pain and improve overall quality of life.
A GRM7 mutation associated with developmental delay reduces mGlu7 expression and produces neurological phenotypes

The metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is a G protein-coupled receptor that has been recently linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. This association is supported by the identification of GRM7 variants in patients with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and severe developmental delay. One GRM7 mutation previously reported in two patients results in a single amino acid change, I154T, within the mGlu7 ligand-binding domain. Here, we report two new patients with this mutation who present with severe developmental delay and epilepsy. Functional studies of the mGlu7-I154T mutant reveal that this substitution results in significant loss of mGlu7 protein expression in HEK293A cells and in mice. We show that this occurs post-transcriptionally at the level of protein expression and trafficking. Similar to mGlu7 global knockout mice, mGlu7-I154T animals exhibit reduced motor coordination, deficits in contextual fear learning, and seizures. This provides the first functional evidence that a disease-associated mutation affecting the mGlu7 receptor is sufficient to cause neurological dysfunction in mice and further validates GRM7 as a disease-causing gene in the human population.
Dynamics and control of a two-ship ensemble connected by a massless towline

Abstract Tugboats are often called upon to rescue disabled ships on open seas. This study represents a fundamental step toward automating the towing mission of disabled vessels. It deals with the control of transient planar dynamics for a two-ship ensemble connected by a massless cable. This is a multibody structure whose components are coupled by non-holonomic inequality constraints. Two control strategies were designed by exploiting the essential temporal scale difference between relative tugboat-ship dynamics induced by the constraints and the relatively slow motion of the mass center of the two-ship ensemble. In the first strategy, the leading ship was controlled to maintain a prescribed heading angle and surge speed for the mass center of the two-ship ensemble while in the second one the leading vessel was controlled to track prescribed set targets for its desired heading angle and surge speed. The first strategy reduces the controller's susceptibility to sharp variations in the towline tension and is suitable for maritime applications involving powered vessels performing cooperative transport of a large floating object. The results demonstrated the viability of the control strategies, proved that the first strategy is as effective as the second one and showed the robustness of controllers to environmental disturbances.
Metastatic Disease Upper Extremity

Metastatic disease of the upper extremity is uncommon. Non-operative management is very effective in treating the majority of the lesions and/ or fractures related to metastatic disease in this location. However, surgical intervention may be required to address some of these pathologic or impending fractures. The humerus is the most common bone to have metastatic involvement in the upper extremity. The location of the disease involvement in the humerus influences operative intervention surgical treatment options. For the proximal humerus if there an absence of intraarticular involvement, plate/screw stabilization has been found to very effective. When intraarticular involvement is present, arthroplasty is the best option. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has been proved to be a very effective reconstruction option after proximal humeral resection if warranted. For shaft humeral fractures, intramedullary nailing is the most popular means of stabilization and associated with very good outcomes. However, plate stabilization with bone cement has been demonstrated to be a very effective treatment option as well. However, distal humerus fractures have been shown to be difficult to treat and the best routine treatment is still being determined. For all upper extremity fractures requiring surgical intervention, the goal of the operation should be the creation of a durable construct with good function and low complications rates for the long-term survival in this patient population is poor.
Methodology of Psychopharmacological Studies with the Retarded1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methodology of psychopharmacological studies with the retarded. Until more valid, empirical evidence on at least a few standard drugs can be accumulated, it seems necessary to include a placebo condition in each drug study. If it is wished to estimate the placebo effects of a certain type of administration on a certain type of population, then it follows logically that a no-drug (ND) condition should also be used. Assignment of the subjects to the experimental conditions should not depend upon the hunches or other idiosyncratic procedures of a particular investigator, for this may seriously bias the sample. Unless the dosage of a drug is standardized in some manner for some period of time, it is impossible to obtain any worthwhile information from the study about the effects of dosage. Because dosage is always assumed to be a very important variable, it seems absolutely necessary to use some kind of standardized dosage procedure. Moreover, it is not sufficient simply to list the percentage figures about the degree of improvement in a drug study. Such data are next to impossible to interpret operationally and are seldom subject to scientifically valid tests of replicability.
2-D field reconstruction: A measurement “sandbox” for spatial correlation analysis

Measurements of a wireless channel's spatial correlation guide the development of multi-antenna wireless systems that use spatial diversity. Representative spatial channel measurements are required to design these multi-antenna systems, but typical measurements of spatial correlation obtained by moving an antenna array through a wireless channel provide limited correlation data that cannot be generalized to antenna arrays with different geometries. In contrast, the complete 2-D spatial channel data provided by electromagnetic field reconstruction enables a wide range of spatial correlation analyses including channel correlation matrices for completely arbitrary array geometries.