cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Mineralization From ‘Au Golden’ Sunn Hemp Residue

ABSTRACTThe tropical legume sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cultivar ‘AU Golden’ has the potential to provide substantial nitrogen (N) to subsequent crops to reduce recommended application rates of synthetic N fertilizers. A mineralization field trial was conducted to measure mass decomposition and N and carbon (C) amounts remaining from sunn hemp residue following three planting dates (May, June, and July) during the 2013 growing season at the Tennessee Valley (TVS) and Coastal Plain (WGS) locations of AL. Residue from June and July plantings contained 50.0% and 61.1% N at WGS and 41.5% and 66.5% N at TVS by the end of their respective incubation periods compared to residue from the May planting, which contained 21.1% N at WGS and 47.8% at TVS. In order to create a more synchronous relationship between ‘AU Golden’ residue N mineralization and crop demand, termination must be delayed until approximate planting of the following crop.
A Grand Strategy for Pakistan

Pakistan is faced with a challenging global and regional security environment in the attainment of its national goals in the twenty-first century covering external security, internal political stability, rapid economic progress, and preservation of its cultural identity. Pakistan must pursue these goals through a grand strategy that brings into a coherent whole its political, economic, diplomatic, and security policies. This task should be performed on the basis of a realistic assessment of the existing and emerging global and regional security environment, keeping in view the fundamental principles of strategy and grand strategy. Acceleration of economic progress, a low-risk foreign policy, strengthening of internal political stability, and innovative military strategies should be the essential elements of the proposed grand strategy.
Remodeling of the postsynaptic plasma membrane during neural development

Neuronal synapses are the fundamental units of neural signal transduction and must maintain exquisite signal fidelity while also accommodating the plasticity that underlies learning and development. To achieve these goals, the molecular composition and spatial organization of synaptic terminals must be tightly regulated; however, little is known about the regulation of lipid composition and organization in synaptic membranes. Here we quantify the comprehensive lipidome of rat synaptic membranes during postnatal development and observe dramatic developmental lipidomic remodeling during the first 60 postnatal days, including progressive accumulation of cholesterol, plasmalogens, and sphingolipids. Further analysis of membranes associated with isolated postsynaptic densities (PSDs) suggests the PSD-associated postsynaptic plasma membrane (PSD-PM) as one specific location of synaptic remodeling. We analyze the biophysical consequences of developmental remodeling in reconstituted synaptic membranes and observe remarkably stable microdomains, with the stability of domains increasing with developmental age. We rationalize the developmental accumulation of microdomain-forming lipids in synapses by proposing a mechanism by which palmitoylation of the immobilized scaffold protein PSD-95 nucleates domains at the postsynaptic plasma membrane. These results reveal developmental changes in lipid composition and palmitoylation that facilitate the formation of postsynaptic membrane microdomains, which may serve key roles in the function of the neuronal synapse.
Putting the U in carbon capture and storage: rhetorical boundary negotiation within the CCS/CCUS scientific community

ABSTRACTThis paper examines responses to a framing shift from carbon capture and storage (CCS) to carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) within science and engineering professionals’ communication. We argue that the framing shift is a breach in the rhetorical boundaries of the CCS professional community that calls forth negotiation through responses that proactively support, resist, or acquiesce. This study offers a heuristic for examining scientific framing in expert-to-expert internal scientific rhetoric. It also contributes to contemporary research on the intersection of rhetoric of science and science, technology, and society; the social dimensions of CCS; energy communication; and applied communicative practices in scientific communities.
Compressed Rank Modulation

We propose a generalization of Rank Modulation (RM) scheme, Compressed Rank Modulation (CRM) scheme for nonvolatile memories. CRM stores information in the multiset permutation induced by the charge levels of N = nΣ i=1 m i cells: set the ranks of the first m 1 highest charge level cells as 1, the ranks of the next m 2 highest charge level cells are 2, and the ranks of the last m„ highest charge level cells are n. The only allowed charge-placement method is the minimal-push-up aiming to minimize the increase of highest charge levels, and such minimization of highest charge level increase is defined as rewriting cost. CRM achieves a higher capacity comparing with RM, and maintains its advantages meanwhile. The closed-form formula for rewriting cost, sizes of balls, asymptotical rate analysis for rewriting codes, and one rewriting code construction are presented.
Pathophysiology of Ischemic White Matter Injury

Abstract Cerebral white matter is sensitive to ischemic injury at all developmental ages. For ischemic stroke, the extent of white matter injury is an important predictor of long-term functional outcome. White matter is comprised of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, glial cells, and blood vessels. Understanding the unique pathophysiology of white matter injury requires recognition of ischemic vulnerability of the individual cellular components, as well as their interactions. In this review we focus on several well-established injury pathways: ionic imbalance, leading to toxic calcium accumulation within axons; glutamate excitotoxicity targeted to oligodendrocytes and myelin; and autodestructive mechanisms activated by axon damage. Knowledge of these complex and interlinked processes presents opportunities to direct neuroprotective and repair strategies specifically to white matter, improving functional recovery after stroke.
Contribution of the Purinergic Receptor P2X7 to Development of Lung Immunopathology during Influenza Virus Infection

An exacerbated immune response is one of the main causes of influenza-induced lung damage during infection. The molecular mechanisms regulating the fate of the initial immune response to infection, either as a protective response or as detrimental immunopathology, are not well understood. The purinergic receptor P2X7 is an ionotropic nucleotide-gated ion channel receptor expressed on immune cells that has been implicated in induction and maintenance of excessive inflammation. Here, we analyze the role of this receptor in a mouse model of influenza virus infection using a receptor knockout (KO) mouse strain. Our results demonstrate that the absence of the P2X7 receptor results in a better outcome to influenza virus infection characterized by reduced weight loss and increased survival upon experimental influenza challenge compared to wild-type mice. This effect was not virus strain specific. Overall lung pathology and apoptosis were reduced in virus-infected KO mice. Production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) was also reduced in the lungs of the infected KO mice. Infiltration of neutrophils and depletion of CD11b+ macrophages, characteristic of severe influenza virus infection in mice, were lower in the KO animals. Together, these results demonstrate that activation of the P2X7 receptor is involved in the exacerbated immune response observed during influenza virus infection.IMPORTANCE A hallmark of influenza virus infection is the development of lung pathology induced by an exacerbated immune response. The mechanisms shared by the antiviral host defense required for viral clearance and those required for development of immunopathology are not clearly understood. Purinergic receptors, and in particular the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7r), are involved in activation of the immune response. We used mice lacking the P2X7r (P2X7r KO mice) to better understand the mechanisms that lead to development of lung pathology during influenza virus infection. In our studies, we observed that P2X7r KO mice developed less lung immunopathology and had better survival than the wild-type mice. These results implicate P2X7r in the induction of an exacerbated local immune response to influenza virus and help us to better understand the mechanisms leading to the lung immunopathology observed during severe viral infections.
Waveform Window #40: Stimulus-induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges (SIRPIDs)

Recently, continuous video-EEG (cEEG) recording became a widely used tool to detect and investigate dynamic changes in patients who are critically ill. Altered or fluctuating mental status in these...
The Cell Biology of APOL1

Summary: The association of variants in the APOL1 gene, which encodes apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), with progressive nondiabetic kidney diseases in African Americans has prompted intense investigation into the function(s) of APOL1. APOL1 is an innate immune effector that protects human beings from infection by some trypanosomal parasites. We review the data characterizing APOL1 trypanolytic function, which has been a basis for studies of APOL1 function in mammalian cells. Subsequently, we discuss the studies that use animal models, mammalian cell culture models, and kidney biopsy tissue to discover the mechanisms of variant APOL1-associated kidney diseases.
An Overview of Western Sinologists’ Studies of Chinese Paleography (西方漢學家中國古文字研究概要)

This essay, the first chapter in the author’s Xifang Hanxue chutu wenxian yanjiu gaiyao 西方漢學出土文獻研究概要 (Essentials of Western Sinology’s Research on Unearthed Documents), provides a survey of Western Sinology’s research on Chinese paleography from the time of the first such study (1881) through 2015. The survey includes especially the following topics: general discussions of Chinese paleography and/or unearthed documents, the origins of Chinese writing and its social functions, the nature of Chinese writing, methodological studies, and reference works, but does not cover studies of ancient Chinese grammar or phonology.摘要這篇文章是作者著《西方漢學出土文獻研究概要》第一章，就 1881 年到 2015年間西方漢學對中國出土文獻與古文字研究成果作概括的論述，分成下列題目：中國出土文獻與古文字學綜論、中國文字的起源及其社會作用、中國文字的性質、古文字學方法論、古文字學參考書，但是不包括相關的古代漢語語法研究和古代漢語音韻學。
Organizing the R&D Function, A. C. Stanley and K. K. White

(1966). Organizing the R&D Function, A. C. Stanley and K. K. White. Research Management: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 134-135.
Natural Language, Mixed-initiative Personal Assistant Agents

The increasing popularity and use of personal voice assistant technologies, such as Siri and Google Now, is driving and expanding progress toward the long-term and lofty goal of using artificial intelligence to build human-computer dialog systems capable of understanding natural language. While dialog-based systems such as Siri support utterances communicated through natural language, they are limited in the flexibility they afford to the user in interacting with the system and, thus, support primarily action-requesting and information-seeking tasks. Mixed-initiative interaction, on the other hand, is a flexible interaction technique where the user and the system act as equal participants in an activity, and is often exhibited in human-human conversations. In this paper, we study user support for mixed-initiative interaction with dialog-based systems through natural language using a bag-of-words model and k-nearest-neighbor classifier. We study this problem in the context of a toolkit we developed for automated, mixed-initiative dialog system construction, involving a dialog authoring notation and management engine based on lambda calculus, for specifying and implementing task-based, mixed-initiative dialogs. We use ordering at Subway through natural language, human-computer dialogs as a case study. Our results demonstrate that the dialogs authored with our toolkit support the end user's completion of a natural language, human-computer dialog in a mixed-initiative fashion. The use of natural language in the resulting mixed-initiative dialogs afford the user the ability to experience multiple self-directed paths through the dialog and makes the flexibility in communicating user utterances commensurate with that in dialog completion paths---an aspect missing from commercial assistants like Siri.
Reducing spurious mesh motion in Lagrangian finite volume and discontinuous Galerkin hydrodynamic methods

Abstract The Lagrangian finite volume (FV) cell-centered hydrodynamic (CCH) method and the Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin (DG) CCH method have been demonstrated to be quite stable and capable of producing very accurate solutions on many mesh topologies. However, some challenges can arise with higher-order elements and polygonal elements that have many deformational degrees of freedom. With these types of meshes, elements can deform in unphysical ways and the mesh can tangle. We present methods for obtaining more robust Lagrangian solutions on polygonal and higher-order elements. The robustness is achieved by (1) incorporating a new iterative method that modifies the velocity reconstructions in the corners of the elements, and (2) a new multidirectional approximate Riemann solver that, when coupled with the iterative method, reduces spurious mesh motion. The details of the numerical methods are discussed and their utility is demonstrated on a diverse suite of test problems using higher-order and polygonal elements.
Computer-interpretable clinical practice guidelines. Where are we and where are we going ?

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive overview of computerinterpretable guideline (CIG) systems aimed at non-experts. The overview includes the history of efforts to develop CIGs, features of and relationships among current major CIG systems, current status of standards developments pertinent to CIGs and identification of unsolved problems and needs for future research Methods: Literature review based on PubMed, AMIA conference proceedings and key references from publications identified. Search terms included practice guidelines, decision support, controlled vocabulary and medical record systems. Papers were reviewed by both authors and summarized narratively. Results: There is a consensus that guideline delivery systems must be integrated with electronic health records (EHRs) to be most effective. Several evolving CIG formalisms have in common, use of a task network model. There is currently no dominant CIG system. The major challenge in development of interoperable CIGs, is agreement on a standard controlled vocabulary. Such standards are under development, but not widely used, particularly in commercial EHR systems. The Virtual Medical Record (VMR) concept has been proposed as a standard that would serve as an intermediary between guideline vocabulary and that used in EHR implementation. Conclusion: CIG systems are in a state of evolution. Standards efforts promise to improve interoperability without compromising innovation. The VMR concept can assist guideline development even before clinical systems routinely adhere to standards. Frontiers for future work include using the principles learned by computer implementation of guidelines to improve the guideline development process and evaluation methods that isolate the effects of specific CIG features. Haux R, Kulikowski C, editors. IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2006. Methods Inf Med 2006; 45 Suppl 1: S145-58.
Suicide and Hypnotics

Having reviewed the history, pharmacology, and efficacy of hypnotics, it is appropriate to turn now to the risks associated with their widespread use. Certainly one which has received a great deal of attention has been their use in suicides. (There is a tendency, in fact, to think only of this and dependence as the major negative consequences of hypnotic use, although a variety of problems discussed in later chapters, such as daytime residual effects and drug interactions, should be considered.) It might be well first to consider briefly how suicides with hypnotics fit into overall trends in suicide in the last few years (see Table IV), and to describe the persons most likely to take overdoses. The final portion of this chapter will describe the medical and toxicological aspects of acute poisoning with specific hypnotic agents.
Direct depletion and purification of monoclonal antibody defined cells from unfractionated human mononuclear leukocytes using antibody coated polystyrene Petri dishes

Human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were depleted or enriched in various monoclonal antibody-defined subsets using a simplification of the indirect " panning " technique. Unfractionated mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) were sensitized with appropriate dilutions of monoclonal antibodies to human Lyt3 , OKT4 and OKT8 antigens, and to a monocyte-myeloid line antigen. The sensitized cells were then placed on polystyrene Petri dishes coated with goat antimouse IgG to obtain a population of cells depleted and a population of cells enriched in each cell type. Direct separation of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells was similarly achieved by coating the Petri dish with goat antihuman immunoglobulins. Results showed that MNL could be depleted to greater than 95% purity with these methods and that positively selected adherent cells could be enriched to at least 85% purity. The relative proportions of MNL subpopulations in various sorted cell populations is reported. Cells obtained by panning are functionally intact. As compared to complement lysis both marker positive and marker negative cells can be obtained and the technique requires less technical expertise than using fluorescence activated cell sorting. The modification reported here is simpler and less time consuming for human T cell subpopulation separations than previously reported panning methods since an initial sheep erythrocyte rosetting step was not used.
Applications of tumor chip technology

Over the past six decades the inflation-adjusted cost to bring a new drug to market has been increasing constantly and doubles every 9 years - now reaching in excess of $2.5 billion. Overall, the likelihood of FDA approval for a drug (any disease indication) that has entered phase I clinical trials is a mere 9.6%, with the approval rate for oncology far below average at only 5.1%. Lack of efficacy or toxicity is often not revealed until the later stages of clinical trials, despite promising preclinical data. This indicates that the current in vitro systems for drug screening need to be improved for better predictability of in vivo outcomes. Microphysiological systems (MPS), or bioengineered 3D microfluidic tissue and organ constructs that mimic physiological and pathological processes in vitro, can be leveraged across preclinical research and clinical trial stages to transform drug development and clinical management for a range of diseases. Here we review the current state-of-the-art in 3D tissue-engineering models developed for cancer research, with a focus on tumor-on-a-chip, or tumor chip, models. From our viewpoint, tumor chip systems can advance innovative medicine to ameliorate the high failure rates in anti-cancer drug development and clinical treatment.
Update on recent progress in vitamin D research. Vitamin D treatment for hypoparathyroidism.

The patients with hypoparathyroidism have been treated with active vitamin D(ie, alfacalcidol and calcitriol). Parathyroid hormone(PTH)increases extracellular calcium concentration partly through the activation of vitamin D, and active vitamin D corrects hypocalcemia mainly by increasing intestinal calcium abosorption. PTH coordinately increases blood calcium level with vitamin D in bone and kidney, however, renal tubular reabsorption of calcium is regulated by PTH-dependent mechanism. Hypercalciuria is an complication of long-term vitamin D treatment for PTH-deficient hypoparathyroidism.
Risks and complications of thyroglossal duct cyst removal

Objectives/hypothesis Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital neck cyst and typically present in childhood or adolescence, although a subset remains asymptomatic until adulthood. Although treatment involves surgical excision, few large-scale studies exist regarding the risks of surgical treatment of TGDCs in adults. This study aims to describe the characteristics of adult patients undergoing TGDC excision and to analyze risk factors associated with reoperation or other postoperative complications. Study design Retrospective cohort study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Methods Patients age ≥ 18 years in the NSQIP database who underwent TGDC removal from 2005 to 2014 were included. Covariates included patient demographics, comorbidities, preoperative variables, and intraoperative variables. Outcomes included reoperation, complications, and length of hospital stay. Results A total of 793 cases met inclusion criteria. Patients were predominantly female (57.0%) and white (64.3%), with a mean age of 44.3 years. Thirty-day mortality did not occur in this cohort, but 3.0% of patients experienced at least one complication. Forty-eight patients (6.1%) underwent reoperation. Wound infection rates were higher in revision operations compared with primary operations (8.3% and 0.9%, respectively; P = .003). Low preoperative sodium was associated with reoperation (P = .047). Additionally, length of hospital stay was associated with increased total operative time (P = .02). Conclusions TGDC excision is a safe and well-tolerated procedure in the adult population, with low complication rates. However, the risk of reoperation, surgical-site infections, and medical complications should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130:381-384, 2020.
White Matter Integrity Underlying Depressive Symptoms in Dementia Caregivers.

ABSTRACT Objective We sought to determine whether the aspects of white matter connectivity implicated in major depression also relate to mild depressive symptoms in family dementia caregivers (dCGs). Methods Forty-one dCGs (average age=69 years, standard deviation=6.4) underwent a 7 Tesla 64-direction (12-minute) diffusion-weighted imaging sequence. We compared the fractional anisotropy (FA) of 11 white matter features between dCGs with (n=20) and without (n=21) depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores ≥5). Results Caregivers reporting depression symptoms had lower FA in tracts connecting to the posterior cingulate cortex (Cohen's d = −0.9) and connecting dorsolateral prefrontal with rostral cingulate regions (Cohen's d = −1.2). Conclusions Posterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal-to-rostral cingulate white matter, implicated in prior studies of major depression, appear relevant to mild depression in dCGs.
Multiscale online media simulation with SocialCube

This paper describes the design, implementation, and early experiences with a novel agent-based simulator of online media streams, developed under DARPA’s SocialSim Program to extract and predict trends in information dissemination on online media. A hallmark of the simulator is its self-configuring property. Instead of requiring initial set-up, the input to the simulator constitutes data traces collected from the medium to be simulated. The simulator automatically learns from the data such elements as the number of agents involved, the number of objects involved, and the rate of introduction of new agents and objects. It also develops behavior models of simulated agents and objects, and their dependencies. These models are then used to run simulations allowing future extrapolation and “what if” analysis. An interesting property of the simulator is its multi-level abstraction capability that allows modeling social systems at various degrees of abstraction by lumping similar agents into larger categories. Preliminary experiences are discussed with using this system to simulate multiple social media platforms, including Twitter, Reddit, and Github.
Oncologic outcomes of pre-malignant and invasive germ cell tumors in patients with differences in sex development - A systematic review.

Summary Objective To describe the rates of GCNIS-free and GCT-free pathology based on age at gonadal surgery and to describe long-term oncologic outcomes in patients with DSD who have GCNIS or GCT at the time of gonadal surgery. Study design A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE to identify patients with DSD who underwent gonadal surgery. DSD diagnoses were stratified based on malignancy risk. GCNIS/GCT and GCT-free survival by age of gonadal surgery, RFS and OS were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, with groups compared using log-rank testing. Results 386 articles from 1951 to 2017 were included (2037 patients). Median age at gonadal surgery was 17 years (y) (IQR 11–20), median follow-up was 60 months (m) (IQR 30–68.1). GCNIS/GCT- and GCT-free survival at the time of gonadal surgery was lowest for those in the high/intermediate risk group (p Discussion When patients undergo gonadal surgery, regardless of indication (i.e. prophylactic vs. tumor), it appears that GCTs are more commonly found when surgery is done around age 15 y or older, despite risk category. This is similar to ovarian and testicular GCTs. Patients with GCNIS can be reassured that long-term oncologic outcomes are excellent. While RFS and OS for GCTs are not as good as for ovarian and testicular GCTs (95%), they are still >80%. This similar trend was found in a COG review of 9 patients with DSD and ovarian GCT. There were several limitations to this study. This is a retrospective analysis that included aa wide time frame of publications. The indication for surgical intervention was not addressed in the majority of publications. Thus these data provide pathologic outcomes based on age at gonadal surgery rather than the age at which GCNIS/GCT develops over a lifetime, if at all. Conclusions The risk of GCNIS or GCT at the time of gonadal surgery appears to increase with age, accelerating between 15 and 20y regardless of risk category. 5y RFS and OS for those with GCNIS is equivalent to those without GCNIS/GCT but is worse for those with GCT. These data may be used when counseling families on timing of gonadal surgery and quantification of outcomes should GCNIS or malignancy be identified. Download : Download high-res image (378KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Fig. .
Multidimensional Analyses of Donor Memory-Like NK Cells Reveal New Associations with Response after Adoptive Immunotherapy for Leukemia

Natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging cancer cellular therapy and potent mediators of antitumor immunity. Cytokine-induced memory-like (ML) NK cellular therapy is safe and induces remissions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the dynamic changes in phenotype that occur after NK-cell transfer that affect patient outcomes remain unclear. Here, we report comprehensive multidimensional correlates from ML NK cell-treated patients with AML using mass cytometry. These data identify a unique in vivo differentiated ML NK-cell phenotype distinct from conventional NK cells. Moreover, the inhibitory receptor NKG2A is a dominant, transcriptionally induced checkpoint important for ML, but not conventional NK-cell responses to cancer. The frequency of CD8α+ donor NK cells is negatively associated with AML patient outcomes after ML NK therapy. Thus, elucidating the multidimensional dynamics of donor ML NK cells in vivo revealed critical factors important for clinical response, and new avenues to enhance NK-cell therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: Mass cytometry reveals an in vivo memory-like NK-cell phenotype, where NKG2A is a dominant checkpoint, and CD8α is associated with treatment failure after ML NK-cell therapy. These findings identify multiple avenues for optimizing ML NK-cell immunotherapy for cancer and define mechanisms important for ML NK-cell function.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1775.
On the Mitigation of Controllable Event Triggering Attack in WSNs

Compressive sensing-based data collecting is a promising technique, which can significantly reduce the communication costs in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, a recent study shows that it is vulnerable to controllable event triggering attack (CETA): after compromising a sensor and carefully manipulating the environmental elements around a target in the subtree rooted at the sensor, an attacker is able to infer sensitive parameters of the target. The existing countermeasure is purely based on cryptography and requires central control. In this paper, we propose a lightweight non-cryptography-based approach by termly modifying the structure of the data gathering tree. However, how to efficiently and effectively construct the tree is an open problem. To solve the problem, we create a novel topology-based coding scheme and a distributed algorithm to mitigate the CETA attack. By adopting this approach, the time for successfully launching a CETA attack is significantly increased. Extensive simulations show that our solution can efficiently and securely build different data gathering trees for consecutive sensing tasks.
Parents’ and Children’s Privacy Management about Sensitive Topics: A Dyadic Study:

Parents and children in families must manage private information about sensitive topics. This privacy management can necessitate both individual and collective privacy rules. However, parents and c...
County Poverty, Urban-Rural Classification, and the Causes of Term Infant Death : United States, 2012-2015.

ObjectiveHigher mortality among full-term infants (term infant deaths) contributes to disparities in infant mortality between the United States and other developed countries. We examined difference...
Security Audit of Docker Container Images in Cloud Architecture

Containers technology radically changed the ways for packaging applications and deploying them as services in cloud environments. According to the recent report on security predictions of 2020 by Trend Micro, the vulnerabilities in container components deployed with cloud architecture have been one of the top security concerns for development and operations teams in enterprises. Docker is one of the leading container technologies that automate the deployment of applications into containers. Docker Hub is a public repository by Docker for storing and sharing the Docker images. These Docker images are pulled from the Docker Hub repository and the security of images being used from the repositories in any cloud environment could be at risk. Vulnerabilities in Docker images could have a detrimental effect on enterprise applications. In this paper, the focus is on securing the Docker images using vulnerability centric approach (VCA) to detect the vulnerabilities. A set of use cases compliant with the NIST SP 800-190 Application Container Security Guide is developed for audit compliance of Docker container images with the OWASP Container Security Verification Standards (CSVS). In this paper, firs vulnerabilities of Docker container images are identified and assessed using the VCA. Then, a set of use cases to identify presence of the vulnerabilities is developed to facilitate the security audit of the container images. Finally, it is illustrated how the proposed use cases can be mapped with the requirements of the OWASP Container Security Verification Standards. The use cases can serve as a security auditing tool during the development, deployment, and maintenance of cloud microservices applications.
An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Ethical Climate and Ethical Behavior from Multiple Levels of Analysis

Victor and Cullen (1988) identified several dimensions of ethical climate that exist in organizations and organizational subunits. We tested the relationship between these dimensions of ethical climate and ethical behavior at different levels of analysis. Using Within and Between Analysis (WABA) (cf. Dansereau, Alutto and Yammarino, 1984), partial support was found for a relationship between dimensions of ethical climate and ethical behavior.
A Difference of Complexion: George Fitzhugh and the Birth of the Republican Party

To emancipate a slave, explained Virginia's Thomas R. Dew, was to throw him “into the hands of those who have no scruples of conscience—those who will not perhaps treat him so kindly.”1 In his Revi...
Breast-Feeding and Infectious Illness, Power and Confidence Intervals

The article "Relationship Between Infant Feeding and Infectious Illness: A Prospective Study of Infants During the First Year of Life" by Rubin et al in the April issue of Pediatrics was provocative. Like Mulford, I too am concerned about the definitions of breast-feeding used in the study. Breast-feeding and formula-feeding are defined in such a way that the study actually examines the impact of the degree of breast-feeding on health of breast-fed infants. This may be an important issue in Denmark where the incidence of breast-feeding at 1 month is more than 90%.
Development, diet and dynamism: longitudinal and cross‐sectional predictors of gut microbial communities in wild baboons

Gut bacterial communities play essential roles in host biology, but to date we lack information on the forces that shape gut microbiota between hosts and over time in natural populations. Understanding these forces in wild primates provides a valuable comparative context that enriches scientific perspectives on human gut microbiota. To this end, we tested predictors of gut microbial composition in a well-studied population of wild baboons. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal samples collected over 13 years, we found that baboons harbour gut microbiota typical of other omnivorous primates, albeit with an especially high abundance of Bifidobacterium. Similar to previous work in humans and other primates, we found strong effects of both developmental transitions and diet on gut microbial composition. Strikingly, baboon gut microbiota appeared to be highly dynamic such that samples collected from the same individual only a few days apart were as different from each other as samples collected over 10 years apart. Despite the dynamic nature of baboon gut microbiota, we identified a set of core taxa that is common among primates, supporting the hypothesis that microbiota codiversify with their host species. Our analysis identified two tentative enterotypes in adult baboons that differ from those of humans and chimpanzees.
Analysis of pavement slipperiness in Alabama

The objective of this research was to determine the causes of pavement slipperiness in Alabama, develop remedies for eliminating pavement slipperiness, and make recommendations for specifications for future pavements which would ensure satisfactory skid resistance in them during their anticipated service lives. The skid test data were obtained by the Alabama State Highway Department. The analysis of the data was made by the Engineering Experiment Station of Auburn University, Auburn, Ala. All skid tests were made using a two-wheel skid trailer meeting the requirements of ASTM Specification E 274-65 T equipped with tires meeting ASTM Specification E 249-66. All data were obtained by locking the left wheel only at a speed of 40 mph. The results of this research indicate that the use of limestone as a coarse aggregate in asphalt plant mixes and surface treatments produces slippery pavements apparently due to polishing under traffic. They further indicate that well-graded coarse sands, when used as fine aggregate in asphaltic concretes, make a significant contribution to their skid resistance. The same is true when they are used in hot-sand asphalt hot mixes. Gravels and granites, when used as coarse aggregates in asphaltic concrete plant mixes, produce pavements that are fairly skid resistant but caution must be exercised by vehicle drivers on these pavements when they are wet. The most skid resistant pavements in the plant mix and surface treatment groups are those incorporating slag as a coarse aggregate. Most portland cement concrete pavements are highly skid resistant until they have been exposed to heavy traffic loads for long periods of time. The net result of this research is that fairly definite guidelines have been developed for writing specifications for future pavements in Alabama that will ensure skid resistant pavements. As a result there should be a marked reduction in the number of skidding accidents in the state.
The Separation and Partial Characterization of l-Histidinol Phosphatase and an Alkaline Phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Two enzymes which effected the hydrolysis of the histidine biosynthetic intermediate histidinol phosphate were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzymes were separated by diethylaminoethyl Sephadex column chromatography and partially characterized. The histidinol phosphatase was shown to be a specific enzyme, hydrolyzing only the histidine intermediate, histidinol phosphate. It was insensitive to inhibition by Be++ ions or EDTA. The alkaline phosphomonoesterase hydrolyzed a variety of phosphomonoesters, including histidinol phosphate. It was very sensitive to inhibition by Be++, and required Mg++ for maximal activity. A mutant lacking histidinol phosphatase was found to have the normal (wild type) level of the nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The possibility that this enzyme can substitute for histidinol phosphatase under certain circumstances is discussed.
P‐178L: Late‐News Poster: New Silyl‐Substituted Phosphorescent Materials for Organic Light Emitting Diodes

A new sky-blue phosphorescent material with silyl-substituted ligand has been developed. Then, we utilize the double-emission-layers (DELs) concept to fabricate the blue PHOLED device. The DELs comprises two different host materials with higher triplet excited state. We successfully improve the high-efficienct blue OLED which has up to 47.3 lm/W at practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2. By using the efficient yellow phosphor PO-01 complex, the white OLED displayed a high current efficiency of 68.8 lm/W and at practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2 .
Can order of report prevent satisfaction of search in abdominal contrast studies?1

Rationale and objective A previous receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study showed a systematic shift in decision thresholds for detecting plain film abnormalities on contrast examinations rather than plain radiographs. A previous eye-position study showed that this shift was based on a relative visual neglect of plain film regions on the contrast studies. We now determine whether an intervention that changes visual search can reduce this search-based satisfaction of search effect in contrast studies of the abdomen. Materials and methods The authors measured detection of 23 plain film abnormalities in 44 patients who had plain film and contrast examinations. In 2 experiments, each plain-film and contrast study was examined independently in different sessions with observers providing a confidence rating of abnormality for each interpretation. There were 13 observers in the first experiment and 10 in the second experiment. The intervention required that for the contrast studies, observers first report abnormalities in the noncontrast region of the radiograph before reporting contrast findings. ROC curve areas for each observer in each treatment condition were estimated by using a proper ROC model. The analysis focused on changes in decision thresholds among the treatment conditions. Results The SOS effect on decision thresholds in abdominal contrast studies was replicated. Although reduced, the shift in decision thresholds in detecting plain film abnormalities on contrast examinations remained when observers were required to report those abnormalities before contrast findings. Conclusion Reporting plain film abnormalities before reporting abnormalities demonstrated by contrast reduced somewhat the satisfaction of search effect on decision thresholds produced by a visual neglect of noncontrast regions on contrast examinations. This suggests that interventions that direct visual search do not offer protection against satisfaction of search effects that are based on faulty visual search.
Routine pregnancy testing in adolescents: to test or not to test—what is the answer?

Policies pertaining to routine pre-operative pregnancy testing in adolescent females continue to challenge pediatric anesthesiologists. The expectation of safety for the mother regardless of pregnancy status, no risk of teratogenicity of a single, general anesthetic, and a remaining suspicion that inhalation anesthetics are abortofacients guides this debate. Many medical, legal, ethical, moral, religious, economic justice, and practical issues are involved when considering routine pregnancy testing which must: 1) inform the parents of the test occurring and decide the consent procedures; 2) decide what to do with positive results; 3) decide who will receive the information of the positive test results; and 4) assure proper patient support and care from ancillary services, eg, counseling, child-life, social work, etc., in the event of a positive test. We should inform our patients of the controversy and make them aware of the potential, albeit slight, risk of fetal loss or harm, while offering pregnancy testing for those concerned.
Presenting the successful technical seminar

Conducting a successful technical seminar requires careful preparation. Pre-seminar planning includes (1) outlining your material, (2) developing much more material than you think you'll need, and (3) arranging comfortable and appropriate facilities. At the beginning of the seminar you should provide a topical outline and announce plans to take a break between topics or at least hourly. After the presentation, time should be allowed not only for questions and answers but also for an evaluation to help you prepare for future seminars.
Steroid binding to serum proteins in maturing male and female rats.

The binding of estradiol-6,7-3H- 17β-progesterone-4-14C, testosterone-4-14C and androsterone-l,2-3H to serum proteins was determined by equilibrium dialysis using diluted serum from male and female rats of various ages. The average age of onset of puberty was 38 ± 2.1 days in females and 62 ±2.3 days in males. Male serum bound more estradiol than testosterone at any age, with progesterone binding intermediate between the two. At puberty there was a drop in estradiol binding and an increase in testosterone and progesterone binding. After puberty, estradiol binding returned to higher levels, testosterone binding decreased, and progesterone binding remained high. No changes in androsterone binding were found with maturation. Similar patterns were found with gonadectomy. Increases in binding of estradiol, testosterone and androsterone occurred after castration but progesterone binding decreased. In females 2 increases in estradiol were found, one at puberty and one 3 cycles later (at 56 days). In castrated an...
Conformational dynamics associated with photodissociation of CO from dehaloperoxidase studied using photoacoustic calorimetry.

Herein, we present photoacoustic calorimetry and transient absorption studies of the dynamics and energetics associated with dissociation of a ligand from Fe2+ dehaloperoxidase (DHP) from Amphitrite ornata. Our data show that CO photodissociation is associated with an endothermic (ΔH = 8 ± 3 kcal mol−1) volume expansion (ΔV = 9.4 ± 0.6 mL mol−1) that occurs within 50 ns upon photodissociation. No additional thermodynamics were detected on slower time scales (up to 10 μs), suggesting that the dissociated ligand rapidly escapes from the heme-binding pocket into the surrounding solvent. Similar volume and enthalpy changes were observed for CO photodissociation in the presence of the substrate, 2,4-dichlorophenol or 4-bromophenol, indicating that either the substrate does not bind in the protein distal cavity at ambient temperature or its presence does not impact the thermodynamic profile associated with ligand dissociation. We attribute a fast ligand exchange between the protein active site and the surroundi...
Effect of diet on body composition changes after experimental injury in rats

Abstract The effect of 3 isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing varying amounts of fat and carbohydrate was studied in rats subjected to a reproducible injury. The injury reduced the weight gain of all 3 diet groups. It caused a stepwise increase of nitrogen excretion which attained a peak at 3 or 4 days after injury. At sacrifice the control rats on the high fat diet had a lower total liver nitrogen and RNA, a higher liver glycogen and a lower plasma nefa than did those on the high carbohydrate diet. Four days after injury, significant increases in liver RNA and decreases in liver glycogen and plasma nefa occurred in all diet groups with no compositional changes of muscle. A comparison of the injured rats on the 3 diets suggested that those on the high carbohydrate diet had an exaggerated catabolic reaction to injury in that the liver RNA was more elevated and the liver glycogen and plasma nefa more reduced than in rats on the other diets. The apparent lesser response to injury of the rats on the high fat diet may be because this diet is advantageous for repair of tissue after injury or it may merely allow for a less fluctuating source of fuel.
What wakes the sleeping giant? The effect of state context on Latino voter turnout in the 2004 election

Little research has been conducted to understand how state-level political and social conditions influence electoral participation among naturalized Latinos. This study begins to fill that gap by examining how both Latino-specific factors (the rate of hate crimes targeting Latinos, the rate of Latino unemployment and the amount of Spanish-language advertising) and more general state-level factors (the level of political competitiveness) impact Latino voter turnout in the 2004 election. I find that the single largest predictor of voter turnout among naturalized Latinos is the rate of Latino-specific hate crimes in a state, suggesting strong support for theories of group conflict and group consciousness as means of political mobilization. Latino unemployment has a large negative effect on voter turnout, even while holding constant individual household income, suggesting support for theories of social connectedness and the argument that collective identity can potentially demobilize individuals and groups. The overall findings provide further evidence of the need to develop models and theories of political engagement specific to minority groups.
Response to Target Blood Pressure Level Before Antihypertensive Class to Improve Outcomes More Quickly in Uncomplicated Hypertension

We appreciate Wexler’s1 comments about the need for improvement in hypertension treatment in primary care settings. We agree that initiating treatment and adequately controlling blood pressure should be key objectives of primary care physicians. Our focus on patterns of drug selection in hypertension treatment did not intend to diminish the important implications of suboptimal treatment and control of elevated blood pressure. At the same time, appropriate medication choice may not only further the goal of blood pressure control but also achieve …
A model for the origin of the alkaline complexes of Egypt

The alkaline complexes in the Nubian Shield of Egypt range in age from 554 to 89 Myr BP (refs 1–3) and, where data are available, have similar and primitive initial strontium ratios of 87Sr/86Sr (ref. 1). These intrusive complexes are similar with respect to petrography, major element chemistry, rare earth element distribution and other trace element distribution1,4–7; they are intimately associated with major lineaments in the Nubian Shield (Fig. 1)8. It is likely that all of them had a similar origin, not directly related to rifting and/or doming. We suggest here that the origin of these complexes is due to alkaline melts having been formed in the asthenosphere by shear heating, caused by changes in plate motion. These melts were emplaced along reactivated Pan-African fractures or pre-existing zones of weakness.