cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in spatiotemporal landing variables during a dynamic stability task in subjects with CAI

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has been previously associated with deficits in dynamic stability and proximal joint neuromuscular alterations separately, but it is unclear how the two factors relate. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the contributions of lower extremity kinematics during an assessment of dynamic stability in subjects with CAI. Thirty-eight subjects were divided equally into those with and without unilateral CAI. Subjects performed 10 single-limb jump landings on each limb. Kinematic position 100 ms pre-impact as well as peak and time-to-peak kinematic position post-impact were recorded for ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion and hip flexion. Ground reaction force data in the A/P and M/L directions were used to calculate the resultant vector time to stabilization (RVTTS). For the RVTTS data, a significant main effect (P=0.03) revealed that the CAI group had significantly reduced dynamic stability. For knee flexion pre-impact, a significant main effect for group (P=0.005) demonstrated that the CAI group prepared to land with less knee flexion than the Control group. Decreased knee flexion angle in preparation to land was apparent in the CAI group, and may play a role in the diminished dynamic stability in CAI subjects.
Characteristics of jet impingement in a side-dump combustor

Etude de la formation d'un tourbillon et de l'influence des dimensions de la chambre de combustion
Adhesives and sealants — their use in the fabrication of fire-resisting components and structures

Abstract Adhesives and sealants have an important role to play in combating the effects of a fire and of late significant improvements have been made. This paper reviews some of the standards that need be met, the problems that the latter pose for the manufacturer and the practical benefits to be gained from recently devised materials.
Effect of TiH2 and Mg2Ni additives on the hydrogen storage properties of magnesium hydride

Abstract A study was done to determine the effect of TiH 2 and Mg 2 Ni additives on the hydrogen sorption behavior of MgH 2 . A series of mixtures were made in which MgH 2 was ball milled with various amounts of TiH 2 , Mg 2 Ni or combinations of both. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analysis showed that the addition of increasing amounts of TiH 2 to MgH 2 resulted in a progressive reduction of the onset temperature of MgH 2 by as much as 70 °C for a mixture containing 50 mol% TiH 2 . However the hydrogen yield also decreased from a high of 7.5 wt% for pure MgH 2 to a low of 2.4 wt% for the mixture containing 50 mol% TiH 2 . The rates of H 2 reaction with MgH 2 increased with increasing amounts of TiH 2 . Pressure composition isotherms were also made for each of the mixtures at several temperatures and van’t Hoff plots were constructed. The results showed that the enthalpies for hydrogen absorption systematically decreased with increasing amounts of TiH 2 , from a high of 76 kJ/mole H 2 for pure MgH 2 to a low of 65 kJ/mole H 2 for a mixture containing 50 mol% TiH 2 . This indicated that thermodynamic stability can be reduced by TiH 2 additions. When Mg 2 Ni was added to these mixtures, the desorption temperatures were reduced dramatically. The addition of 6 or 10 mol% of Mg 2 Ni to MgH 2 lowered the onset temperature from 330 to 190 °C with a hydrogen yield of 6 wt%. The addition of both TiH 2 and Mg 2 Ni catalysts did not result in any further reduction in the onset temperatures. However, the mixture of both catalysts was more effective at increasing reaction rates than either of them alone.
Improved clean-up method for the enkephalins in plasma using immunoaffinity chromatography

A rapid and selective method of sample clean-up using immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) was developed to isolate enkephalins from plasma. The enkephalin antibodies were produced utilizing novel protein carriers. Two antibodies, LE4H8 and 33FC6, were selected because of their moderate binding affinity and different epitopes. Enkephalin-spiked plasma was loaded onto the immunoaffinity column and eluted with acidic pH buffer. The eluate was derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde in the presence of cyanide (NDA-CN), and the enkephalins were separated using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). IAC sample clean-up of enkephalin-spiked plasma was compared to the existing solid-phase extraction method. The limit of detection for IAC was 30 pmol. The recovery of the enkephalins from plasma was 90% with a variance ranging from 2 to 9%. The immunoaffinity column was used for approximately 70 samples without any deterioration in performance.
Pragmatism, Evidence, and Mixed Methods Evaluation

Mixed methods evaluation has a long-standing history of enhancing the credibility of evaluation findings. However, using mixed methods in a utilitarian way implicitly emphasizes convenience over engaging with its philosophical underpinnings (Denscombe, 2008). Because of this, some mixed methods evaluators and social science researchers have been criticized for an a-paradigmatic stance (Greene, 2007). Critics posit that this seemingly unreflective “what-works” (Denzin, 2012) approach threatens the validity of findings (Lipscomb, 2008). This chapter maintains this position and argues that evaluators need to examine their philosophical orientations and how this informs credible evidence in mixed methods evaluation. Accordingly, this work provides an overview of Deweyan pragmatism, emphasizing intelligent action. Next, important aspects of intelligent action are used to explore central questions in mixed methods evaluation and evidenced-based practice. To conclude, a case example, illustrating how intelligent action can inform mixed methods evaluation, is offered. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Roles of Thrombospondin-1 and -2 in Regulating Corneal and Iris Angiogenesis

PURPOSE. Thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and -2 are important antiangiogenic factors thought to be involved in maintaining corneal avascularity (angiogenic privilege). This study was undertaken to investigate whether deficiencies of these factors altered developmental and inflammation-induced angiogenesis in the cornea and developmental angiogenesis of the iris of mice. METHODS. Expression of TSP-1 and -2 mRNA and protein was assayed in cornea and iris stroma by RT-PCR and Western blot. Corneas and irides of TSP-1 / , TSP-2 / , and TSP-1,2 / mice aged 2, 3, and 6 months, and wild-type control mice, were analyzed for spontaneous angiogenesis biomicroscopically, histologically, and with CD31 immunohistochemistry. The mouse model of suture-induced, inflammatory corneal neovascularization was used to evaluate the lack of TSP-1,2 and both TSPs on induced-corneal angiogenesis. Seven days after intrastromal placement of three 11-0 sutures, vascularized areas were analyzed morphometrically on CD31-stained corneal flatmounts. RESULTS. Corneas and irises from normal mouse eyes constitutively expressed TSP-1 and -2 mRNAs and proteins. Corneas of TSP-1 / ,- 2 / , and -1,2 / mice displayed no evidence of spontaneous developmental‐postnatal angiogenesis, although irises of these mice contained significantly increased iris vessel density compared with wild-type animals (P 0.01). One week after suturing, corneas of all TSP / mice had significantly greater corneal angiogenesis than those of control mice (P 0.05). TSP-1 / had a significantly greater effect on induced corneal neovascularization than did TSP-2 / , with
From mindful attention to social connection: The key role of emotion regulation

Effective emotion regulation is important for high-quality social functioning. Recent laboratory-based evidence suggests that mindfulness may enhance emotion regulation in socioemotional contexts; however, little is known about mindful emotion regulation during in vivo social interactions. In a study of romantic couples, we assessed each partner's mindfulness and top-down attentional efficiency (with an Emotional Go/No-Go task) prior to sampling emotions and perceived connection with others during day-to-day social interactions. Analyses revealed that mindfulness-related differences in top-down attentional efficiency on the Emotional Go/No-Go predicted positive emotion during daily social interactions. In turn, positive emotion and two additional indices of social emotion regulation each mediated the relation between actor mindfulness and perceived social connection. In corresponding analyses, neither trait reappraisal nor suppression use predicted the outcomes, and all mindfulness relations held controlling for these strategies. Findings support a framework for investigating mindfulness and higher-quality social functioning, for which mindful emotion regulation may be key.
The Aesthete in Pittsburgh: Public Sculpture in an Ordinary American City

There is a great deal of public art in Pittsburgh. Surveying some examples of this public sculpture suggests some general lessons about the role of such art. Art in public spaces needs to be accessible to the public. One way to make it so is to present local history, commemorating local sports heroes, politicians or artists. Public art also needs to be placed in a way that is sensitive to local history. Most public art in Pittsburgh is not successful because it does not deal with the interesting history of that city. Much sculpture that is successful in a museum is not good public art, and some successful public art in Pittsburgh does not belong in a museum.
Roles of Plasma Clearance and Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin in the Developmental Increase in Circulating Corticosterone in Infant Rats

The aim of this study was to determine the role of plasma clearance in the developmental increase in plasma corticosterone concentration in the infant rat. Previous studies indicated that the corticosterone rise may be mediated entirely by a decrease in the MCR. The rationale of the current study was that if this is true, then corticosterone from an exogenous source (at a constant dose) should also produce a developmental increase in circulating levels of the hormone. Therefore, infant rats, aged 12, 16, and 21 days (i.e. near the beginning, middle, and end of the endogenous corticosterone developmental rise), were adrenalectomized and provided with a constant dose of corticosterone via sc pellets. There was a significant age-related increase in plasma corticosterone in pellet-treated pups which closely paralleled that seen in sham-operated littermates. This indicates that the decrease in plasma clearance is sufficient to account entirely for the normal developmental rise in plasma corticosterone. The dec...
The differential effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers with respect to foot ulcer and limb amputation in those with diabetes

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) or lower extremity amputation (LEA) are complications of diabetes. In those with diabetes, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are commonly used to prevent the progression of kidney disease. Recent studies have indicated that angiotensin may affect angiogenesis and wound repair. Our goal was to evaluate in those with diabetes the likelihood of developing a DFU or LEA among users of ACEi or ARB using a retrospective cohort design of general practices in the United Kingdom. We studied 40,342 individuals at least 35 years of age with diabetes who were first prescribed ACEi or ARB between 1995 and 2006. A total of 35,153 individuals were treated with ACEi, 12,437 individuals with ARB, and 7,310 both. The hazard ratio for DFU was 0.50 (95% confidence intervals: 0.43, 0.59), showing an increased risk of DFU for those using ACEi vs. ARB. The hazard ratio for LEA was 0.72 (0.48, 1.01). However, among those with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease the hazard ratio was 0.45 (0.22, 0.91) for the new onset of a LEA. In conclusion, among those with diabetes, exposure to ACEi as compared with ARB increases the risk of developing a DFU or LEA.
Variability-aware design of energy-delay optimal linear pipelines operating in the near-threshold regime and above

Soft-edge flip-flop based pipelines can improve the performance and energy efficiency of circuits operating in the super-threshold (supply voltage) regime by allowing opportunistic time borrowing. The application of this technique to near-threshold regime of operation, however, faces a significant challenge due to large circuit parameter variations that result from manufacturing process imperfections and substrate temperature changes. This paper thus addresses the issue of variability-aware design of the energy-delay optimal linear pipelines that are aimed at operating in both the near-threshold and super-threshold regimes. Precisely, this goal is achieved by deriving the optimal delay line configuration in the soft-edge flip-flops in the near-threshold and the super-threshold operations regimes. The key is to ensure that the same transistor sizes result in effective operation of the delay lines (and hence appropriate settings of the transparency window size) in both operation regimes under the process induced variations. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed solution.
Hybrid electric transit bus pollutes less, conserves fuel

This true low-floor bus prototype has the performance of a conventional diesel-powered vehicle with hardly any fumes. The authors discuss the design of this series hybrid bus, and in particular the propulsion system. Four independent AC drives, one integrated into each driven wheel, are used. They are powered by a battery assisted auxiliary power unit consisting of a downsized heat engine coupled to an alternator. The authors describe the tests carried out on this bus. >
Access rights analysis for Java

Java 2 has a security architecture that protects systems from unauthorized access by mobile or statically configured code. The problem is in manually determining the set of security access rights required to execute a library or application. The commonly used strategy is to execute the code, note authorization failures, allocate additional access rights, and test again. This process iterates until the code successfully runs for the test cases in hand. Test cases usually do not cover all paths through the code, so failures can occur in deployed systems. Conversely, a broad set of access rights is allocated to the code to prevent authorization failures from occurring. However, this often leads to a violation of the "Principle of Least Privilege"This paper presents a technique for computing the access rights requirements by using a context sensitive, flow sensitive, interprocedural data flow analysis. By using this analysis, we compute at each program point the set of access rights required by the code. We model features such as multi-threading, implicitly defined security policies, the semantics of the Permission.implies method and generation of a security policy description. We implemented the algorithms and present the results of our analysis on a set of programs. While the analysis techniques described in this paper are in the context of Java code, the basic techniques are applicable to access rights analysis issues in non-Java-based systems.
O-Raid: experiences and experiments

We present the O-Raid distributed object-oriented database system, which is built by extending an existing relational database system called RAID. We compare the O-Raid data model with those of other systems and describe its design and implementation. We present the experimental data of studies performed to measure the overheads involved in supporting objects. Experiments included queries on objects in a single site, as well as queries on replicated composite objects spanning multiple sites. We also discuss the issues related to replication, indexing and fragmentation of objects. We conclude with our experiences and lessons learned in developing the O-Raid system. >
Neighborhood Physical Features and Relationships With Neighbors: Does Positive Physical Environment Increase Neighborliness?

The objective was to investigate associations between features of the physical environment and neighborliness. Measures of the physical environment, including sidewalks, front porches, traffic-calming devices, bars on windows, and the presence of litter or graffiti, were collected using a systematic audit instrument in 10 neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon. Generalized linear regression models were created to model the odds of increasing neighborliness given access to the physical-environment factors of interest. The authors observed a greater probability of higher levels of neighborliness as the total number of positive physical-environment characteristics increased (cumulative odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.69 [1.16, 2.45]) and the results were unchanged after controlling for race, self-reported health, perception of safety, years of neighborhood residence, age of house, market value of house, and proportion of homeowners in neighborhood. Modifiable features of the physical environment may be o...
Proteose-peptone fraction of bovine milk: lacteal serum components 5 and 8--casein-associated glycoproteins.

Abstract Lacteal serum Components 5 and 8 were isolated from both heated and unheated skimmilk. At pH 8.6 Component 5 migrated as a double zone in starch-urea-gels (discontinuous buffer) and as a single zone in poly aery lamide gels (continuous buffer). Component 8 migrated in the ion front on starch gels but resolved into two principal zones in the polyacrylamide gel system, designated as 8-f ast and 8-slow in ascending order of relative mobility. Components 8-fast and 8-slow were fractionated by gelpermeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-10 polyacrylamide beads. Component 5 is characterized by its high proline (≈ 10.5%) and relatively low carbohydrate contents (≈1.5%). Components 8-fast and 8-slow contain relatively high concentrations of total phosphorus (≈7.4 and 5.5% as H 2 P0 3 ) and intermediate amounts of carbohydrate (≈2.07 and 9.0%). All three components are void of cysteine and cystine and contain only low concentrations of methionine. In veronal buffer at pH 8.6, r/2 = 0.1, a sedimentation coefficient (S°2 0,w ) of 1.22 and a molecular weight \( M ¯ W \) of ≈ 14,300 were observed for Component 5. Similar parameters for Components 8-fast and 8-slow were Sdegrees=°2o,w = 4,100 and 9,900. An isoelectric pH of 3.3 is reported for Component 8-fast and partial specific volumes \( V ¯ \) of 0.736, 0.700, and 0.719 (cc/g) for Component 5, 8-slow, and 8-fast were calculated from composition data.
Inflammation, Cell Adhesion Molecules, and Stroke: Tools in Pathophysiology and Epidemiology?

Since their development approximately a decade ago, cell adhesion molecules have been attracting interest for a number of reasons. For example, the blockade of the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelium by agents that mimic or inhibit these adhesion molecules may provide the basis for a new class of therapeutic agents, although promising studies in animals1–3⇓⇓ have yet to be translated into products proven to be effective in humans. Study of the expression of the molecules on the surface of various cells or of the soluble form in the plasma may provide insights into their role(s) in pathophysiology in cardiovascular, connective tissue and neoplastic diseases,4,5⇓ and differences in levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules in the plasma may be useful tools in stratifying disease severity or prognosis.6,7⇓ However, these aspects may be related, as soluble forms themselves may interfere with leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions, at least in vitro.8,9⇓ Despite this, soluble adhesion molecules may be useful in dissecting the pathophysiological events in cardiovascular disease, as it may be presumed that changes in levels may relate to activation or damage to various cells such as the platelet and endothelium. The selectin family of adhesion molecules has two principal members. Soluble P-selectin is believed to be the product of activated platelets, although the endothelium displays a membrane-bound form.10,11⇓ Increased levels are found in a number of conditions, including thrombotic disorders, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease,12,13⇓ and raised levels predict adverse events,14 even in apparently healthy individuals. …
Asthma Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native People and for the General US Population

Study objectives Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States. High rates of asthma hospitalization have been reported for some ethnic minorities; however, asthma hospitalization rates for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations of all ages have not been studied. In this study, we examined and compared hospitalization rates for AI/AN populations and the general population in the United States. Design Hospital discharge records with a first-listed diagnosis of asthma were evaluated for AI/AN populations and the US general population of all ages from 1988 to 2002. Results The asthma hospitalization rate for AI/AN populations decreased from 17.8/10,000 per year in 1988 to 1990 to 12.9/10,000 per year in 2000 to 2002. The overall age-adjusted rate for 2000 to 2002 was slightly lower than that for the general US population (12.9/10,000 and 16.4/10,000, respectively). However, AI/AN populations living in the Southwest region (17.6/10,000) had the highest asthma hospitalization rate among the Indian Health Service regions and the rate from 2000 to 2002 was similar to that for the general US population. The 2000 to 2002 asthma hospitalization rate for AI/AN populations Conclusions While asthma was rarely reported among AI/AN populations before 1975, the average annual age-adjusted asthma hospitalization rate was only slightly lower for AI/AN populations than that for the US general population from 2000 to 2002. Furthermore, the asthma hospitalization rates for AI/AN populations living in the Southwest and East regions were similar to the rate for the general US population. Efforts to further increase asthma awareness and symptom recognition among AI/AN populations should be implemented to help to reduce asthma hospitalizations.
Necessity Is Unnecessary: A Response to Bradley

In “Functionalism and the Independence Problems,” Darren Bradley defends func-tionalism against three objections, engaging directly with my development (Rupert2006) of the first, in particular. In this brief response, I argue that Bradley’s rejoin-ders do not shield functionalism from the brunt of my criticisms.Bradley rightly distinguishes between three kinds of problem for functionalism:one to do with necessary connectionns between properties, a second to do withconceptual connections, and a third to do with the explanatory role of propertiesindividuated functionally (or with explanations that invoke functional concepts).To my mind, how easily a functionalist can solve the latter two depends, to a greatextent, on how she solves the first: if Bradley vindicates property-functionalist laws,this seems to clear the path for robust functionalist explanation. Partly for thisreason, I focus on the first problem.In Rupert (2006), I claim that functionalists should want to minimize their con-tentious metaphysical commitments and that they should, in particular, want toavoid commitment to necessitarianism about laws. Bradley agrees with this gen-eral thought but contends that, contrary to my suggestion, property-functionalistsneedn’t hold that laws of nature are necessarily true, not even if we limit discussionto laws proper to the domain of concern (psychology, for example, if the topic ofinterest is functionalism in the philosophy of mind).Take the more limited claim first. If the domain is functionalist psychology,
Late prenatal ultrasound features of hydrometrocolpos secondary to cloacal anomaly: case reports and review of the literature.

Cloacal anomalies are extremely rare and have variable presentations. Prenatal diagnosis can be difficult especially if they present in late gestation. Here we present two cases diagnosed in the late third trimester and review the literature regarding prenatal diagnosis of cloacal anomalies. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL AND 13C ENRICHED LINEAR POLY-N-ACETYLLACTOSAMINES AS LIGANDS FOR GALECTIN-1

As part of a study of protein-carbohydrate interactions, linear N-acetyl-polyllactosamines [Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,3]nwere synthesized at the 10-100 micromol scale using enzymatic methods. The methods described also provided specifically [1-13C]-galactose-labeled tetra- and hexasaccharides ([1-13C]-Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta1,4Glc and Galbeta1, 4GlcNAcbeta1,3[1-13C]Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta 1,4Glc) suitable for NMR studies. Two series of oligosaccharides were produced, with either glucose or N-acetlyglucosamine at the reducing end. In both cases, large amounts of starting primer were available from human milk oligosaccharides (trisaccharide primer GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta1, 4Glc) or via transglycosylation from N-acetyllactosamine. Partially purified and immobilized glycosyltransferases, such as bovine milk beta1,4 galactosyltransferase and human serum beta1,3 N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase, were used for the synthesis. All the oligo-saccharide products were characterized by1H and13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The target molecules were then used to study their interactions with recombinant galectin-1, and initial1H NMR spectroscopic results are presented to illustrate this approach. These results indicate that, for oligomers containing up to eight sugars, the principal interaction of the binding site of galectin-1 is with the terminal N-acetyllactosamine residues.
Enamine/imine tautomerism in α,β-unsaturated-α-amino acids

Abstract Investigation of the α,β-unsaturated-α-amino acids—dehydrovaline, dehydrophenylalanine, and dehydropipecolinic acid—revealed that these compounds undergo rapid hydrolysis in neutral aqueous medium, via the imine tautomers, even when the corresponding esters and sodium salts exist as the enamine tautomers. This is true even for dehydropipecolinic acid which had been reported to be stable for 10–18 h in dilute aqueous neutral solution.
Revisiting the role of web assurance seals in consumer trust

There is conflicting evidence as to the current level of awareness and impact of Web assurance seal services (WASSs). This study examines consumers' awareness of WASSs and consumers' perceived importance of assurance seals found on business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce websites. We further examine whether an intervention to increase consumers' knowledge of security and privacy threats, as well as informing them of the function of WASSs increases perceived importance of web assurance seals. We find that educating consumers about security and privacy threats, as well as the role of web assurance seals does increase awareness and perceived importance the seals, but interestingly consumers still are not likely to use these seals as an indicator of the trustworthiness of site. Moreover, there is no difference after the intervention in perceived security and privacy of a vendor's site, suggesting that consumers obtain these cues from other factors. After the intervention, the strongest predictor of perceived security remains consumers' assessment of the quality of the information provided on the site. However, the perceived privacy afforded by a vendor was no longer predicated by perceived information quality.
Quantization of Prior Probabilities for Hypothesis Testing

In this paper, Bayesian hypothesis testing is investigated when the prior probabilities of the hypotheses, taken as a random vector, are quantized. Nearest neighbor and centroid conditions are derived using mean Bayes risk error (MBRE) as a distortion measure for quantization. A high-resolution approximation to the distortion-rate function is also obtained. Human decision making in segregated populations is studied assuming Bayesian hypothesis testing with quantized priors.
Automating the estimation of various meteorological parameters using satellite data and machine learning techniques

Satellite data from various sensors and platforms are being used to develop automated algorithms to assist in U.S. Navy operational weather assessment and forecasting. Supervised machine learning techniques are used to discover patterns in the data and develop associated classification and parameter estimation algorithms. These methods are applied to cloud classification in GOES imagery, tropical cyclone intensity estimation using SSM/I data, and cloud ceiling height estimation at remote locations using appropriate geostationary and polar orbiting satellite data in conjunction with numerical weather prediction output and climatology. All developed algorithms rely on training data sets that consist of records of attributes (computed from the appropriate data source) and the associated ground truth.
Skin flaps in periorbital reconstruction

Abstract Soft tissue defects of the periorbital region are best repaired with local skin or skinmuscle flaps. Flaps have functional and aesthetic advantages over skin grafts in that they provide a better color and texture match to the thick periorbital skin. The general physiological and biomechanical principles of skin flap survival and orientation are discussed with modification according to peculiarities of the periorbital area. The four basic groups of skin flaps are the sliding flap, advancement flap, rotation flap, and transposition flap. Selected standard and modified designs of each group are illustrated, and each surgical technique is described in stepwise fashion. The specific applications of the flaps to periorbital reconstruction are emphasized. The indications for use of various skin flaps, the local factors involved in flap selection, and proper preoperative planning are also discussed.
QM 2 RP: a QoS-based mobile multicast routing protocol using multi-objective genetic algorithm

With the increasing demand for real-time services in next generation wireless networks, quality-of-service (QoS) based routing offers significant challenges. Multimedia applications, such as video conferencing or real-time streaming of stock quotes, require strict QoS guarantee on bandwidth and delay parameters while communicating among multiple hosts. These applications give rise to the need for efficient multicast routing protocols, which will be able to determine multicast routes that satisfy different QoS constraints simultaneously. However, designing such protocols for optimizing multiple objectives, is computationally intractable. Precisely, discovering optimal multicast routes is an NP-hard problem when the network state information is inaccurate - a common scenario in wireless networks. Based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), in this paper we propose a QoS-based mobile multicast routing protocol (QM2RP) that determines near-optimal routes on demand. Our protocol attempts to optimize multiple QoS parameters, namely end-to-end delay, bandwidth requirements, and residual bandwidth utilization. Furthermore, it is fast and efficient in tackling dynamic multicast group membership information arising due to user mobility in wireless cellular networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is capable of discovering a set of QoS-based, near-optimal multicast routes within a few iterations, even with imprecise network information. Among these routes one can choose the best possible one depending on the specified QoS requirements. The protocol is also scalable and yields lower multicast call-blocking rates for dynamic multicast group size in large networks.
The Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Living Aquatic Organisms IV. Recovery and Pressure Experimentation on Deep-sea Animals

Capture of living deep-sea animals is reviewed. The conditions for the successful recovery of living animals from the deep-sea are elaborated with examples. Control of pressure, temperature, or both, appears to be a prerequisite for the capture of living deep-sea animals. Deep-sea animals (archibenthal) show a loss of the R1 response in comparison with their shallow-water counterparts. Genuine deep-sea animals have now been recovered in a living state suitable for experimentation from the High Arctic.
Decay rates for a transversely isotropic piezoelectric hollow circular nanocolumn

The decay rate of the elastic and electric fields along the growth direction of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric hollow or solid circular nanocolumn is investigated by developing the general solution for the corresponding three-dimensional problems. While the proposed method can be applied to asymmetric deformation, only axisymmetric deformation is considered in this paper. The derived results are first verified by comparison with existing elastic isotropic solutions. Then, the locus of smaller roots is plotted for different wall thicknesses, including also the limiting solid circular nanocolumn case. Owing to the material anisotropy and the coupling between the mechanical and electric fields, there exists an intriguing interaction of real and complex root loci for the torsionless axisymmetric deformation. The numerical results also show that the geometric parameter, material anisotropy, and piezo- electricity of the hollow or solid nanocolumn can substantially influence the decay rates, which can be applied to the strain relaxation analysis in novel semiconductor structures containing self-assembled nanoposts and nanocolumns.
The hidden cost of keeping secrets: how protecting proprietary information can inhibit creativity

Companies in the information industry rely on employees to protect proprietary information from the clutches of competitors. In exhorting employees to protect proprietary information, few employers consider the affect of such constants of employees' creativity. But, there are several reasons to believe that people may be less creative when asked to protect proprietary information. First, employees are less creative when they do not have adequate autonomy. Being asked to keep proprietary information secret may reduce people's sense of autonomy. Second, when people absorb new information, it becomes integrated into their existing mental models and may be difficult to differentiate from their existing knowledge. Third, asking people to suppress information may strain their cognitive resources. For all of these reasons, people may be less creative when asked to protect proprietary information. In an experiment, subjects were asked to end a packet of information and to brainstorm on new product ideas for information appliances. In two of the four conditions, subjects were told that some of the information they were reading was proprietary. In the remaining two conditions, no information was designated as proprietary. When some information as proprietary, subjects generated significantly fewer product ideas and their best idea was less creative than when no information was proprietary. The results suggest that being asked to protect proprietary information reduces idea generation and creativity.
Pinpointing data locality problems using data-centric analysis

In modern computer architectures, access latency varies considerably between different levels in the memory hierarchy. Consequently, applications with data access patterns that don't reuse much data in fast levels of the hierarchy incur additional delays. To improve the performance of complex, data-intensive applications, developers need tools that help them understand the causes of poor memory hierarchy utilization. While most performance tools associate metrics with functions or statements, in this paper we explore data-centric analyses that associate metrics not only with data accesses but also with data objects themselves. Our contributions are three-fold. First, we propose several refinements to existing data-centric techniques that enable accurate and low-overhead measurements. Second, we combine data-centric analysis with call path profiling; this combination of techniques relates inefficient access patterns back to data objects across complete dynamic call chains. Third, we developed a graphical user interface that gracefully presents our analysis results using a multiplicity of views, which helps users identify problematic accesses and data structures. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by showing how our tool identifies problematic data access patterns in several HPC applications and a pair of the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks.
Near-field preconditioning for envelope-tracking electromagnetic-circuit simulators

Summary form only given. In integral-equation based Fourier-envelope electromagnetic-circuit (EM-CKT) solvers, all fields, voltages, currents (signals) of interest are represented using NH harmonic sinusoids (carriers) with complex-valued time varying coefficients (envelopes). The envelopes are sampled in time at a rate proportional to the bandwidth of the excitation. Then, the method of moments solution of the integral equation, the modified nodal analysis solution of the CKT equations, and the EM-CKT coupling are formulated in terms of these envelope samples. This gives rise to a nonlinear system of equations, which is solved by a marching-on-in-time scheme that uses a multidimensional NewtonRaphson algorithm at each time step (V. Subramanian and A. E. Yilmaz, Proc. Appl. Comp. Electromagnetics Symp., 2012). For narrowband excitations, Fourier-envelope EM-CKT solvers are more efficient than their time-domain counterparts because they can use a larger time-step size (V. Subramanian and A. E. Yilmaz, Proc. Appl. Comp. Electromagnetics Symp., 2012 , Proc. USNC/URSI Rad. Sci. Meet, 2012). The larger time step size also leads to denser and less diagonally dominant matrices in the EM solver component. This, in turn, renders simple diagonal and block-diagonal preconditioners, which are often satisfactory for time-domain EM-CKT solvers, to be ineffective for Fourier-envelope EM-CKT solvers. In this article, sparse near-field preconditioners are proposed for improving the performance of Fourier-envelope EM-CKT solvers. At each Newton iteration, the Jacobian equation for finding the Newton step is implicitly preconditioned, i.e., an innerouter iterative solution strategy is used. Specifically, the Jacobian equation is preconditioned using a block-diagonal matrix composed of NH blocks. As a result, the inner iterative solution is simplified to NH different iterative solutions, each of which solves a smaller matrix equation for NH times fewer unknowns than the Jacobian equation. Each of these NH blocks has four sub-blocks: One EM, one CKT, and two coupling sub-blocks. The CKT and coupling sub-blocks are identical to those in the Jacobian equation, whereas the EM sub-block is formed by filtering. The filtering schemes represent a tradeoff between the number of iterations needed for convergence and the number of operations per iteration. Here, proximity based filtering and algebraic filtering are used. Proximity based filtering chooses those EM entries for which the source and observer basis functions are separated by less than a predefined distance; algebraic filtering removes the entries with less than a predefined value (T. Malas, and A. E. Yilmaz, URSI 2011). Analysis of various microwave circuits and antennas demonstrating the features of the proposed near-field preconditioners will be presented at the conference.
The diabetes epidemic and its effect on cardiac surgery practice.

From the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute; and Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Support for this work was provided by the Cleveland Clinic Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Received for publication July 10, 2015; accepted for publication July 10, 2015; available ahead of print Aug 19, 2015. Address for reprints: Joseph F. Sabik III, MD, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/Desk J4-1, Cleveland, OH 44195 (E-mail: sabikj@ccf.org). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;150:783-4 0022-5223/$36.00 Copyright 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.07.037 Sajjad Raza, MD, Joseph F. Sabik III, MD, and Eugene H. Blackstone, MD
Tumor-binding antibodies induce potent dendritic cell-mediated tumor immunity

The factors that determine the impact of antitumor antibodies on tumor progression are poorly defined. We found that the tumor microenvironment holds the key. In the absence of dendritic cell (DC) stimulation, such antibodies provide little benefit, but in a stimulatory context they can initiate potent antitumor immunity.
Reconsidering Substance Over Form in PPL

The controversy surrounding PPL v Commissioner has framed the issue as one of substance versus form, accepting that the tax in question is economically equivalent to a tax on income. However, the fact that the tax is levied on the basis of average profits rather than total profits causes it to differ from conventional income taxes in important ways.
The People behind the Curtain: A Proposed Succession Planning Model for University-Wide Research Institutes

Public universities and their university-wide research institutes in the U.S. constantly search for ways to evolve to stay relevant and "marketable" in an ever-changing environment. The scholarly literature shows that the majority of higher educational institutes do not participate in succession planning, although numbers of research projects and researchers continue to increase over time, suggesting a pressing need for universities and institutes to learn how to sustain their work beyond current faculty and how to strategically develop their current employees. The purpose of this research was to review current succession management strategies in large complex organizations and to determine whether and how succession planning applies to university-wide research institutes in public, doctoral universities with very high research activity located in the United States. Based on an extensive literature analysis and surveys of experts, a model for succession planning for public organizations, particularly university-wide research institutes, was developed. This model synthesized the best practices across governmental, nonprofit, and for-profit sectors to form a new framework to guide administrators in the process of succession planning. It focuses on short-term, immediate needs as well as on longer term, organizational development. This paper discusses the model's concepts and steps with a practically applied focus to help participants better understand and explore processes related to succession planning.
Topical Iodine-Induced Thyrotoxicosis in a Newborn with a Giant Omphalocele.

Introduction Neonatal thyrotoxicosis is a life-threatening condition with potentially irreversible neurologic sequelae. Most cases are seen in neonates born to mothers with Graves' disease. Topical iodine–induced hypothyroidism has been reported in neonates, but iodine–induced neonatal hyperthyroidism has not been described; albeit a familiar entity in adults. Case Description Herein we present a unique case of a neonate, born with a giant omphalocele, who was treated with topical povidone-iodine dressings to promote escharification, in preparation for delayed surgical closure. By third day of life (DOL), the baby presented with a suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone of 0.59 µIU/mL, elevated free thyroxine of 5.63 ng/dL, and frank cardiovascular manifestations of thyrotoxicosis. After replacement of the topical iodine dressings with iodine-free silver sulfadiazine, the thyroid status gradually improved with complete resolution of hyperthyroidism by 17th DOL. Conclusion This case emphasizes that significant topical iodine exposure can result in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and therefore, vigilance in monitoring thyroid function is imperative.
A 1920 × 1080 60P system compatible with a 1920 × 1080 30I format

The human visual system has better acuity for vertical and horizontal detail that for diagonal detail; scenes statistically hale less detail on the diagonal. For these reasons diagonal sampling produces a sharper perceived image that a cardinally sampled image for the same number of pixels. If the sampling pattern of 720-line 60P image is rotated 45° with the same number of pixels, it will look sharper than either the 720-line 60P image or a 1080-line 301 image. This rotated pattern produces a diagonally sampled 1810 x 1018 60P image; a slight increase in the number of pixels and lines produces a diagonally sampled 1920 x 1080 60P image. A diagonally sampled 1920 x 1080 60P image has the same bit rate as a 1920 x 1080 301 image with higher perceived sharpness. This pattern has 960 pixels per litre, and two lines can be transmitted dot-sequentially (one line on the odd pixels and the other on the even pixels) to give 1920 samples per litte. A transmission in this format is compatible with 1920 x 1080 301 displays; however, progressive display must be used to avoid interlace artifacts. By using synchronous spot wobble, an interlaced display can show a diagonally sampled image progressively without changing the horizontal scan rate.
Design Criteria for Polyazine Extractants To Separate AnIII from LnIII

Although polyazine extractants have been extensively studied as agents for partitioning trivalent actinides from lanthanides, an explanation for why certain azine compositions succeed and others fail is lacking. To address this issue, density functional theory calculations were used to evaluate fundamental properties (intrinsic binding affinity for a representative trivalent f-block metal, basicity, and hardness) for prototype azine donors pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine, as well as perform conformational analyses of bisazine chelates formed by directly connecting two donors together. The results provide criteria that both rationalize the behavior of known extractants, TERPY, TPTZ, hemi-BTP, BTP, BTBP, and BTPhen, and predict a new class of extractants based on pyridazine donor groups.
Evolutionary Materialism: A Theoretical Strategy for the Study of Social Evolution:

Existing approaches to the study of social evolution are insufficient for the task of explaining the full range of social evolution from the Neolithic Revolution down to the present day. Some anthr...
Monochromatic Permutation Quadruples—A Schur Thing in Sn

AbstractSchur proved that for any finite partition of the naturals, some cell contains two numbers and their sum. We use Ramsey's theorem to prove a noncommutative Schur theorem for permutation quadruples {x, y, xy, yx}.
Enabling Enterprise-Class Workloads in the Cloud

Enterprise-level workloads -- such as SAP and Oracle workloads - require infrastructure with high availability, clustering, or physical server appliances, features which are often not a part of a cloud offering. As a result, businesses are forced to run enterprise workloads in their legacy environments, and cannot take advantage of the cloud's flexibility, elasticity, and low cost. IBM Cloud Managed Services (CMS) cloud implements shared storage, clustering support, and private networks. These features effectively enable a large number of SAP and Oracle workloads to run in both virtualized and non-virtualized cloud environments. In this paper, we discuss a diverse set of enterprise applications implemented in the IBM CMS cloud.