cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translational inhibition in extracts from serum-deprived animal cells

Abstract When Vero M 3 cells, a line of African green monkey kidney cells, are deprived of serum during exponential growth they display a decreased net rate of intracellular protein synthesis. Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from these serum-starved cells have a diminished capacity to promote protein synthesis mediated by endogenous mRNA when compared to their non-deprived counterparts. This diminished translational capacity is not due to a limitation in mRNA since the amount of polyribosomes remains constant during the time of serum starvation used in this work. These same extracts also have a reduced capacity to promote polyphenylalanine synthesis mediated by exogenously added polyuridylate. By supplementing extracts with a post-ribosomal supernatant fraction from HeLa cells polyphenylalanine synthesis mediated by polyuridylate can be stimulated ten-fold for extracts prepared from serum-deprived cells, but only two-fold for control extracts. These observations can be explained by postulating that serum deprivation alters the protein synthetic machinery of the cell by producing either an inhibitor or deficiency in some component required for translation of mRNAs.
Hybrid LDPC-coded modulation schemes for optical communication systems

We propose hybrid LDPC-coded modulation schemes whose error correction performances and decoding complexities can be adjusted by changing the field orders of its component codes. Such flexible schemes are crucial assets in link budget analysis.
Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the mlq literature

A meta-analysis of the transformational leadership literature using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was conducted to (a) integrate the diverse findings, (b) compute an average effect for different leadership scales, and (c) probe for certain moderators of the leadership style-effectiveness relationship. Transformational leadership scales of the MLQ were found to be reliable and significantly predicted work unit effectiveness across the set of studies examined. Moderator variables suggested by the literature, including level of the leader (high or low), organizational setting (public or private), and operationalization of the criterion measure (subordinate perceptions or organizational measures of effectiveness), were empirically tested and found to have differential impacts on correlations between leader style and effectiveness. The operationalization of the criterion variable emerged as a powerful moderator. Unanticipated findings for type of organization and level of the leader are explored regarding the frequency of transformational leader behavior and relationships with effectiveness.
Vent discrimination at Stromboli Volcano, Italy

Eruptive activity at Stromboli Volcano was significantly elevated over background levels in May 2001. During 63 h of observation, eight vents produced, on average, 17 explosions/h with an average repose interval of 3 min. During this period, the Stromboli vents exhibited consistent seismic and acoustic signatures, based on cross-correlation cluster analysis. Dendrogram clustering, based on waveform cross-correlation, was used to illustrate the complexity of the near surface plumbing system of Stromboli's multi-vent edifice. Cross-correlations of displacement seismograms produced by explosions at specific craters, such as the Northeast crater (NEC), form dense waveform clusters with correlation coefficients between 0.96 and 0.99, while displacement waveforms from other craters, such as the Southwest crater (SWC), exhibit loose clusters with correlations between 0.88 and 0.96. The inconsistency of SWC events, as compared to the NEC, suggests that the vent system there is more heterogeneous. Cluster linkage distance between the NEC cluster and the Central crater (CC) cluster is shorter than the linkage distance between the NEC and SWC clusters, indicating that NEC and CC are more closely related. Infrasonic observations were used to locate vent explosions confirming that the clusters of events are associated with specific vents or craters. Qualitative analyses of acoustic waveforms from approximately 500 explosions reveal that impulsive acoustic signals were associated with short, mechanically simple ground displacement responses. These events may correspond to the bursting of an individual gas slug. Similar degassing mechanisms from vents in the NEC and the CC show common characteristics in their displacement waveforms.
The EEG in hyperventilated, lightly anesthetized patients.

Abstract 1. 1. EEG's were taken in the operating room on surgical patients who were lightly anesthetized with 4 per cent ether or 80 per cent N 2 O (20% O 2 ) and were passively hyperventilated to an average PCO 2 of 14 mm Hg and with an average pH of 7.61. 2. 2. No prominent slow activity was noted, although very low PCO 2 values were maintained up to 3–4 h. 3. 3. The relationship of these findings to other data on hyperventilation is discussed.
Advising Medical Students for the Match: A National Survey of Pediatrics Clerkship Directors

Abstract Objective To describe the role and perspectives of pediatrics clerkship directors (CDs) who provide advice to students who apply to Pediatrics residency training programs. Methods We developed a survey based on previous studies and data from the 2012 National Residency Matching Program- Program Director (NRMP-PD) survey. Topics included CDs roles and confidence in advising, perspectives on applicants' competitiveness, and resources used to inform advising practice. This survey was disseminated as part of the 2013 Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics annual survey. Results CDs from 63 (45%) Liaison Committee for Medical Education-accredited medical schools in the United States responded. All CDs had some advising role, and most (68%) served in a formal advising capacity. Most (58%) also participated in the intern selection process at their institution. Those with formal advising roles were not significantly more confident in their advising than those without formal roles. CDs relied heavily on subjective resources and most did not use the NRMP-PD survey data. Despite this, the perspectives of CDs were similar to those of program directors based on the most recent NRMP-PD survey. Conclusions Pediatrics CDs uniformly serve in advising capacities and have perspectives that compare favorably with those of program directors. Despite this concordance, the high reliance on subjective resources and the frequency in which CDs participate in intern selection raises concern. The results of this study have several implications for key stakeholders in the residency selection process.
Can structural equation models inform blood pressure research

OBJECTIVE To show how structural equation models might be used to better understand the ways in which risk factors influence blood pressure. METHODS Nine measurements on 2009 women and 1518 men for whom there was complete data both at time 1 and at time 8 of the Framingham Heart Study were used to test a hypothetical model of how risk factors such as age, obesity, smoking, vital capacity, and heart rate influence each other and blood pressure. The hypothetical model was translated into structural equations and tested against the data. RESULTS The hypothetical model fits the data for women at time 1 very well with a chi2=15.41 which, with 14 degrees of freedom, has P=0.32 and indicates there is no difference between the covariance structure generated by the hypothetical model and the covariance structure generated by the data. The same model was tested for women at time 8 and for men at times 1 and 8 also and fit almost as well. Age and percentage of ideal weight of subjects exert the strongest influence on systolic blood pressure, whereas the effect of age on diastolic blood pressure seems less consistent. Smoking has no direct effect on blood pressure, but it does have a small effect on heart rate and a negative effect on obesity, suggesting, perhaps, that, while it has no direct effect, it does play an indirect role. CONCLUSIONS Structural equation models can be used by researchers trying to understand how risk factors can influence blood pressure in complex ways. The methodology is especially appropriate for testing competing conceptual models.
The effect of zirconium implantation on the structure of sapphire

Abstract The effect of zirconium implantation on the structure of sapphire was investigated by 175 keV Zr implantation at room temperature to a fluence of 4 × 1016 ions/cm2 into sapphire single crystals. Samples were examined by several experimental techniques: Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy along a channeling direction (RBS-C), electron-energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and Z-contrast images obtained in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. Range and deposited energy were simulated with SRIM-2008.04. The Z-contrast images from transmission electron microscope indicated: a near surface damaged layer ∼30 nm thick, a subsurface region exhibiting “random” de-channeling ∼52 nm thick, and a deeper damaged, crystalline zone ∼64 nm thick. The RBS-C spectra confirmed the presence of these three regions. The two damaged regions contained high concentrations of as yet unresolved defect clusters. The intermediate region contained Zr-clusters embedded in an “amorphous” matrix that exhibited short-range order corresponding to γ-Al2O3, i.e., a defective spinel structure. The EELS measurements show that the amorphous region is deficient in oxygen.
14th North Carolina Serials Conference: Serials Services in the Eye of the Information Storm

Purpose – Conference report from a state serials conference which explored changing roles of serials as products and technical service librarians reviewing several key sessions.Design/methodology/approach – Coverage and description of papers and presentations at this meeting with highlights.Findings – Varied with the session but conclusions indicate that electronic serials are posing increasing challenges to the selection, processing and archiving of resources.Research limitations/implications – Living with changes and working through challenges in the treatment of serials suggests that local practices gain significance and not all institutions must comply with the same model.Practical implications – Conference attendance at this kind of regional meeting is valuable.Value – Will be of interest to selectors, reference librarians and staff in technical services, and the online vendor and information provider communities. Particular emphasis given to new open access publications.
Effects of cold exposure and hibernation on the liver, brown fat, and testes from golden hamsters.

Adult, male hamsters, (Mesocricetus auratus, Waterhouse), were exposed to an environment of 5 C (2 months and 3 to 4 months) to investigate the effects of cold-exposure and 2 to 5 days of hibernation on the following parameters: (1) body weights, (2) testes weights, (3) testes and brown fat histology and histochemistry, and (4) liver and brown fat mitochondrial succinate oxidation. Controls were maintained at room temperature. Only the hibernating animals lost a significant amount of weight during exposure. Although the testes regressed in both cold-exposed and hibernating animals, the testes of hibernators showed some signs of recrudescence relative to the cold-exposed non-hibernators, as indicated by increased spermatogenic activity, slightly larger seminiferous tubules, greater organ weights, and the presence of PAS positive, diastase sensitive material. Brown fat in experimental animals had smaller and more numerous fat droplets per cell than the controls and nuclei which appeared to be more centrally located. Analysis of liver mitochondrial activity revealed the rate of succinate oxidation to be reduced in hibernators and increased in cold-exposed non-hibernators. Brown fat succinate oxidation was unaltered in both experimental groups. These results indicate that, early in the hibernation cycle, both physiological and morphological changes occur which distinguish hibernating hamsters from cold-exposed hamsters which failed to hibernate.
Revision of the Unfavorable Result in Hair Transplantation

Analysis of the unfavorable result in hair transplantation can be analyzed as either an error in judgment or an error in technique. One of the most common errors in judgment is ignoring the fact that hair loss is progressive. Other errors in this category include transplantation at too early an age or ignoring the normal contour of the frontotemporal angle. The other major category involved in the unfavorable result is that of an error in technique. Historically, the unsightly plug grafts used in past were the greatest source of problems. Even with today’s technique using small natural appearing grafts of one to three hairs, errors in technique can create an unnatural result. These include improper angulation of the grafts, poor graft preparation, poor donor site closure, and poor design of the transplanted hairline. The key component of a successful hair transplant is creating a natural appearance, and thorough knowledge of the components of a natural hairline is critical for a successful outcome. However, once an unfavorable result does occur, a logical approach to revisionary surgery is important as options are often limited. This discussion will present specific options that are available to these patients in an attempt to improve their results.
Pluripotent stem cells for the study of CNS development.

The mammalian central nervous system is a complex neuronal meshwork consisting of a diverse array of cellular subtypes generated in a precise spatial and temporal pattern throughout development. Achieving a greater understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms that direct a relatively uniform population of neuroepithelial progenitors into the diverse neuronal subtypes remains a significant challenge. A firmer knowledge of the fundamental aspects of developmental neuroscience will allow us to better study the vast array of neurodevelopmental diseases. The advent of stem cell technologies has expedited our ability to generate and isolate populations of distinct interneuron subtypes. To date, researchers have successfully developed protocols to derive many types of neural cells from pluripotent stem cells, with varying degrees of efficiencies and reproducibility. The stem cell field is devoted to the potential of stem cell-derived neurons for the treatment of disease, highlighted by the ability to create patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells. However, another application that is often overlooked is the use of stem cell technology for studying normal neural development. This is especially important for human neurodevelopment, since obtaining embryonic tissue presents numerous technical and ethical challenges. In this review, we will explore the use of pluripotent stem cells for the study of neural development. We will review the different classes of pluripotent stem cells and focus on the types of neurodevelopmental questions that stem cell technologies can help address. In addition to covering the different neural cells derived from stem cells to date, we will detail the derivation and characterization of three of the more thoroughly studied cell groups. We hope that this review encourages researchers to develop innovative strategies for using pluripotent stem cells for the study of mammalian, and specifically human, neurodevelopment.
Turning reactive glia into functional neurons in the brain.

Following brain injury, reactive glial cells can create scars that inhibit neural repair responses. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell , Guo et al. report that overexpression of NeuroD1 in vivo can directly reprogram reactive glial cells into glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons that integrate into the host's neural circuitry.
A survival model of pretrial failure

This paper examines the likelihood of rearrest during the pretrial period with a model that depends on both time elapsed since release and on individual and case characteristics. Using data on a sample of male arrestees released on recognizance in the District of Columbia in 1984, we apply a survival or hazard model to the problem of “predicting” pretrial rearrest. We are particularly interested in whether drug use, as measured by urinalysis at arrest, is predictive of pretrial rearrest and its timing. Results show, for example, that drug use or a charge for larceny is associated with high risk levels in the period immediately following release. In our data, the number of prior convictions exerts a strong effect on rearrest risk throughout the pretrial period, but the initial high risk associated with being on probation or parole or having pending charges decreases rapidly over the course of a year at risk.
Lung Hernia Associated With Hemothorax Following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Lung herniation is a rare event that can occur spontaneously or traumatically. Thoracic hernias are usually associated with a chest-wall defect. We report a case of thoracic lung hernia that occurred 2 days after traumatic cardiopulmonary resuscitation, after the formation of a large hemothorax.
Enhancement in the spectral irradiance of photoconducting terahertz emitters by chirped-pulse mixing

We describe the use of mixing linearly chirped optical pulses in biased photoconductors to generate tunable narrow-band terahertz (THz) radiation with enhanced spectral brightness. The increase in conversion efficiency from optical to THz radiation at a given THz frequency arises from the improved saturation characteristics of the photoconductor for chirped-pulse mixing compared with the usual case of excitation by an ultrafast optical pulse. In the weak saturation limit, the enhancement in the saturation fluence scales with the ratio of the duration of the chirped optical pulse to the photocurrent relaxation time in the emitter and is essentially independent of the beat frequency generated by the chirped-pulse mixing technique. This dependence allows for substantial enhancements in the saturation fluence and, hence, in the THz spectral brightness. We demonstrate enhanced saturation fluences experimentally for dipole emitters fabricated on radiation-damaged Si on sapphire.
Topological generation and analysis of voltage multiplier circuits

Voltage multipliers are used for transformerless conversion of an ac input voltage \upsilon_i(t)= E \sin \omega t into a dc output voltage V_{out} = nE , where n \geq 2 . This paper investigates the topological properties of voltage multiplier circuits and presents a unified approach for generating new voltage-multiplier circuit structures. In particular, an algorithm is presented for generating n -fold voltage multipliers with n capacitors and n diodes. A theorem is presented for finding the dc capacitor voltages by inspection when no load current is drawn. For the case with load, explicit formulas for the output de voltage and the output resistance are given. Using the algorithm developed in this paper, three new voltage quadrupler circuits are generated and shown to have an output resistance only one-half of the conventional ladder quadrupler circuit.
Effect of permeation enhancers on the penetration mechanism of transfersomal gel of ketoconazole

The aim of the present research work was to investigate the potential of transfersome formulations for transdermal delivery of Ketoconazole (KTZ). KTZ is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is active against a wide variety of fungi and yeasts. It is readily but incompletely absorbed after oral dosing and is highly variable. The transfersomes were formulated by lipid film hydration technique using Rotary vacuum Evaporator. The prepared transfersomes were converted into suitable gel formulation and is evaluated for their gel characteristics like pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, homogeneity, drug content, etc. Suitable essential oils acting as natural permeation enhancers were added to the transfersomal formulation of KTZ for their release studies. Studies proved that addition of suitable permeation enhancers to the transfersomal formulation improved the release and permeation of KTZ, which showed that the permeation enhancers modify the barrier to penetration present in skin without itself undergoing any change. From the various essential oils which are used as permeation enhancers, the formulation containing Eucalyptus oil showed better in vitro release and permeation as compared with other formulations containing different permeation enhancers.
Estimating Cost of Ground‐Water Withdrawal for River Basin Planninga

Comparative costs of ground water were needed for comprehensive planning of water resources development in the Susquehanna River basin in order to appraise the feasibility of alternative sources of water supply. Log-normal plots on logarithmic-probability paper that represented specific capacities adjusted to 180 days of pumping were used to estimate well yields and costs of obtaining the ground water from each of 65 potential aquifers. The 25, 50, and 75 percent probability of occurrence of the specific capacities of successful wells were used in the calculations. The estimated well yields at these probabilities of occurrence were obtained using hypothetical well designs and selected drawdowns. Ground-water costs for the estimated or design yields were calculated using amortized costs of well construction, electrical power costs, and maintenance costs, all obtained from standard sources. The calculated well yields and costs for the 25 to 75 percent probability interval range from 15 to 9,000 gpm (gallons per minute) and from $0.004 to $0.11 per thousand gallons of design yield. The yields and costs group according to aquifer rock type. The calculated costs decrease with increasing well yield and the available yield depends upon the aquifer rock type available. Representative costs per thousand gallons of design yield for selected yields from aquifers composed of different rock types analyzed are: 50 gpm −$0.060 for shale and interbedded sandstone and shale, and $0.050 for metamorphic rock; 100 gpm - $0.043 or shale and interbedded sandstone and shale, $0.037 for metamorphic rock, and $0.032 for carbonate rock; 500 gpm—$0.020 for sandstone, $0.015 for carbonate rock, and $0.012 for glacial sand and gravel; and 1,000 gpm —$0.009 for glacial sand and gravel. Differences in cost to obtain the same yield from different rock types are primarily due to differences in electrical power costs as determined by differences in pumping water levels. If used with caution, the generalized yield and cost estimates for aquifer rock types may have usefulness in estimating ground-water costs and yields in similar humid areas. They are primarily useful for planning and comparative purposes, but not for the actual design of engineering Projects.
Credible Deviations from Signaling Equilibria

In games with costly signaling, some equilibria are vulnerable to deviations which could be “unambiguously” interpreted as coming from a unique set of Sender-types. This occurs when these types are precisely the ones who gain from deviating for any beliefs the Receiver could form over that set. We show that this idea characterizes a unique equilibrium outcome in two classes of games. First, in monotonic signaling games, only the Riley outcome is immune to this sort of deviation. Our result therefore provides a plausible story behind the selection made by Cho and Kreps’s (Q J Econ 102:179–221, 1987) D1 criterion on this class of games. Second, we examine a version of Crawford and Sobel (Econometrica 50:1431–1451, 1982) model with costly signaling, where standard refinements have no effect. We show that only a Riley-like separating equilibrium is immune to these deviations.
Sequential Projection Learning for Hashing with Compact Codes

Hashing based Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has attracted much attention due to its fast query time and drastically reduced storage. However, most of the hashing methods either use random projections or extract principal directions from the data to derive hash functions. The resulting embedding suffers from poor discrimination when compact codes are used. In this paper, we propose a novel data-dependent projection learning method such that each hash function is designed to correct the errors made by the previous one sequentially. The proposed method easily adapts to both unsupervised and semi-supervised scenarios and shows significant performance gains over the state-of-the-art methods on two large datasets containing up to 1 million points.
A Method for Accurate Calculation ofB1Fields in Three Dimensions. Effects of Shield Geometry on Field Strength and Homogeneity in the Birdcage Coil

Abstract A method for calculating B 1 field strength and homogeneity as functions of radiofrequency shield geometry is presented. The method requires use of three-dimensional finite-element analysis, birdcage-coil theory, and antenna-array theory. Calculations were performed for a 12-element birdcage coil (19 cm diameter, 21 cm length) at 125 MHz. Calculated B 1 field strengths and homogeneities for the coil in 25 different shields and in no shield are given. For configurations where the shield is longer than the coil, both B 1 field strength and homogeneity decrease as shield diameter decreases or as shield length increases. In configurations where the shield is shorter than the coil and has a diameter of 25.6 cm, B 1 homogeneity is greater than in an unshielded coil. B 1 field strength was measured experimentally at 125 MHz in a birdcage coil of the same geometry as the model within shields of four different diameters. Calculated results very closely matched experimental measurement.
Stress orientations and magnitudes in the SAFOD pilot hole

[1] Borehole breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures in the 2.2-km-deep SAFOD pilot hole at Parkfield, CA, indicate significant local variations in the direction of the maximum horizontal compressive stress, S Hmax , but show a generalized increase in the angle between S Hmax and the San Andreas Fault with depth. This angle ranges from a minimum of 25 ± 10° at 1000-1150 m to a maximum of 69 ± 14° at 2050-2200 m. The simultaneous occurrence of tensile fractures and borehole breakouts indicates a transitional strike-slip to reverse faulting stress regime with high horizontal differential stress, although there is considerable uncertainty in our estimates of horizontal stress magnitudes. If stress observations near the bottom of the pilot hole are representative of stresses acting at greater depth, then they are consistent with regional stress field indicators and an anomalously weak San Andreas Fault in an otherwise strong crust.
Do Stereotypes Ignite Polysemy and Strengthen Consumer-Based Brand Equity?

The research proposes and measures “stereotypical—polysemy—brand equity” framework for investigating African-American stereotypes and how the framework relates to advertising polysemy and consumer-based brand equity. The results demonstrate that positive stereotypes may result in both positive and negative polysemy; where positive polysemy strengthens the brand equity, and negative polysemy may not exhibit a negative influence on consumer-based brand equity. The research propagates practical implications for the advertising industry by signifying the usage of purposeful advertising polysemy for strengthening consumer-based brand equity through African-American stereotypes.
Changes in the solar forced tides caused by stratospheric ozone depletion

Depletion of stratospheric ozone by anthropogenic trace gases reduces the thermal forcing of the solar-driven atmospheric tides. The authors examine changes that have occurred in the diurnal and semidiurnal upward propagating tides since the onset of stratospheric ozone depletion. Estimated reductions in tide amplitudes since circa 1960 vary among the different modes but are generally less than about 10%. The most accurate measure of tidal strength for the main symmetric semidiurnal mode, the tropical semidiurnal surface pressure oscillation, has decreased about 3% since the beginning of ozone depletion, an amount that might be detected in the barometric record. Reductions in upper atmospheric tidal momentum fluxes are generally less then about 20%. The amplitudes of the solar forced tides will continue to decrease as ozone depletion continues.
An Online Genetic Algorithm for Automated Disassembly Sequence Generation

In this study, we propose an intelligent automated disassembly cell for online (real time) selective disassembly. The cell is composed of an industrial robotic manipulator, a camera, range-sensing and component segmentation visual algorithms. The cell prototype allows for robotic sensory-driven disassembly under uncertainty. An online genetic algorithm model for selective disassembly is also proposed for optimal and near/optimal disassembly sequencing.
Information source tracking method: efficiency issues

This paper is devoted to the study and analysis of query processing efficiency in the information source tracking (IST) technique, an approach to the representation and manipulation of uncertain and inaccurate data. We show that the efficiency depends on the average number of information sources confirming the same data in the database. If this number is close to unity, then the efficiency of query processing for the IST model is comparable to conventional relational database systems. For the case where multiple information sources confirm the same data in the database, we present a variation of IST, called the Dual IST method, which provides efficient query processing. Extended relational algebra operations are presented for Dual IST, and proven to be correct under the "alternate worlds" semantics interpretation. The complexity of reliability calculation in IST and Dual IST methods is also studied.
The Local Dominance Effect in Self-Evaluation: Evidence and Explanations

The local dominance effect is the tendency for comparisons with a few, discrete individuals to have a greater influence on self-assessments than comparisons with larger aggregates. This review presents a series of recent studies that demonstrate the local dominance effect. The authors offer two primary explanations for the effect and consider alternatives including social categorization and the abstract versus concrete nature of local versus general comparisons. They then discuss moderators of the effect including physical proximity and self-enhancement. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the effect are discussed and potential future directions in this research line are proposed.
Excinier Laser Radiation Induced Rapid-Solidification of Alunjinumi and Aluminumi Alloys

A study of the effects of high intensity excimer laser radiation (249nm.) of aluminum and an Al-Si alloy reveals a variety of intriguing surface topographical features. Important parameters determining these include the energy-density and the number of short-duration (≈22ns.) pulses. Specific attention has been devoted to determining the condition for the onset of surface melting, and the physical effects of further increasing the energy density. A study of the frozen-in surface wave structure has been used to determine the approximate solidification time and the solidification-front velocity. As well as overall surface melting, an interesting phenomenon is the localized melting occurring at precipitates which preferentially absorb the incident radiation. This phenomenon has been studied in an Al-Si alloy subjected to single and multiple pulses; the effect of the latter has been found to have a striking effect.
Systematic Studies of the Frictional Properties of Fluorinated Monolayers with Atomic Force Microscopy: Comparison of CF3- and CH3-Terminated Films

Molecular-level insight into the frictional properties of fluorinated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was achieved by combining two recently developed techniques that operate at the subnanometer scale: control of the interfacial composition through molecular self-assembly and tribological measurements performed with the atomic force microscope. To explore the origin of frictional forces in fluorinated films, the frictional properties of two classes of alkanethiols adsorbed on single crystal gold were measured and compared. In these studies, films of equivalent chain length, packing density and packing energy, but different termination (methyl vs trifluoromethyl), were characterized and investigated. For these films, in which the only detectable difference was the outermost chemical structure/composition, a factor of 3 increase in the frictional response was observed in going from the hydrogenated to the fluorinated film. These results support the conclusion that chemical structure/composition alone play...
Apparent replication of suggestive linkage on chromosome 16 in the NIMH genetics initiative bipolar pedigrees.

Analyses of a replication sample of families collected as part of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Genetics Initiative for bipolar disorder provide further evidence for linkage to a region of chromosome 16. Families who had a bipolar I (BPI) proband and at least one BPI or schizoaffective, bipolar type (SABP) first-degree relative were ascertained for the purpose of identifying genes involved in bipolar affective disorder. A series of hierarchical models of affected status was used in linkage analyses. Initial genetic analyses of chromosomes 3, 5, 15, 16, 17, and 22, completed at Indiana University in 540 subjects from 97 families, suggested evidence of linkage to chromosomes 5, 16, and 22 [Edenberg et al., 1997: Am J Med Genet 74:238–246]. Genotyping was subsequently performed on these chromosomes in a replication sample of 353 individuals from 56 families. Nonparametric linkage analyses were performed using both affected relative and sibling pair methods. Analyses in the new sample on chromosome 16, using the broadest model of affected status, corroborate previously reported suggestive linkage to the marker D16S2619. Combining the initial and replication samples further increased the evidence of linkage to this region, with a peak lod score of 2.8. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Relation of Electronic and Optical Display Gain to System Performance

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adjusting display gain upon man-machine system performance in a simple aided tracking system. Gain was varied in two ways: electrically by changing amplification, and optically by changing the distance from the scope to the eye. Manipulation of gain by each method produced similar changes in system performance. Over the ranges studied, system error decreased as display gain was increased. This result agrees with predictions based upon closed-loop control system theory and suggests the feasibility of including additional experimental variables within the theory.
Combustion of Energetic Porous Silicon Composites Containing Different Oxidizers

We present a quantitative investigation of com- bustion of on-chip porous silicon (PS) energetic materials using oxidizers with improved moisture stability and/or minimized environmental impact compared to sodium per- chlorate (NaClO4). Material properties of the PS films were characterized using gas adsorption porosimetry and profil- ometry to determine specific surface area, porosity, and etch depth. PS energetic composites were formed using melt-penetrated or solution-deposited oxidizers into the pores. Combustion was characterized by high speed imag- ing and bomb calorimetry. The flame speeds quantified for PS/sulfur and PS/nitrate systems varied in the ranges of 2.9-3.7 m s � 1 and 3.1-21 m s � 1 , respectively. The experimen- tal combustion enthalpies are reported for different oxidiz- er systems in both inert and oxidizing environments. For the PS/sulfur and the PS/nitrate systems, the experimental heats of combustion were comparable to those calculated for the thermodynamic equilibrium and taking into account an increased reactivity of PS due to the hydrogen terminat- ed silicon surface.
Situation Selection and Modification for Emotion Regulation in Younger and Older Adults

This research investigated age differences in use and effectiveness of situation selection and situation modification for emotion regulation. Socioemotional selectivity theory suggests stronger emotional well-being goals in older age; emotion regulation may support this goal. Younger and older adults assigned to an emotion regulation or "just view" condition first freely chose to engage with negative, neutral, or positive material (situation selection), then chose to view or skip negative and positive material (situation modification), rating affect after each experience. In both tasks, older adults in both goal conditions demonstrated pro-hedonic emotion regulation, spending less time with negative material compared to younger adults. Younger adults in the regulate condition also engaged in pro-hedonic situation selection, but not modification. Whereas situation selection was related to affect, modification of negative material was not. This research supports more frequent pro-hedonic motivation in older age, as well as age differences in use of early-stage emotion regulation.
Lion as Slain Lamb: On Reading Revelation Recursively

Because of their communities' experiences and tendencies, New Testament writers such as Paul and Mark stress the death and resurrection of Jesus as the source and model of the Christian life. In the Book of Revelation, John's version of this is that the lion of the tribe of Judah indeed “conquers” but does so as the Lamb who was slain; the Christian witnessing that leads to the victory of Christ's followers may also entail their death. Yet the seer associates the Lamb imagery with that of ancient near eastern and classical versions of the conquest myth. Does John risk subverting his own purposes? The paper examines his presentation of the Lamb and suggests that he does indeed run such a risk, at least for the inattentive reader, but this does not justify neglect of such a creative and imaginative soteriology in which evil is overcome by the word of God.
Abstract 1100: Dynamic multicellular mechanics controlling protrusion in 3D.

Despite much effort, the transition from benign to malignant breast cancer remains poorly understood, resulting in overtreatment of women with in situ lesions. A growing appreciation for the role of cell mechanics in driving cell behavior has prompted interest in how mechanical interactions might control tumor growth and progression. How these parameters impact the transition from benign to malignant breast cancer remains unclear. Mechanical interactions among cells via adherens junctions, and between cells and the ECM via focal adhesions, can each exert dominant effects on cell behavior. Cell motility and invasion require force interactions by harnessing cytoskeletal dynamics, which permit shape changes and generate and transmit forces. Tension maintained across the actin cortex mechanically restricts protrusions, and may be transmitted across multiple cells via adherens junctions. Thus epithelial cells form mechanically integrated tissues that may be responsive to changes in cortical tension over great distances. However, the regulatory role of cortical tension in restricting cells from protruding is unclear. Overall, we lack detailed morphologic and mechanical models of cell protrusion and invasion out of 3D collectives. Using MDCK cell exposure to HGF as a model for rupture of epithelial integrity and protrusion, we have demonstrated the morphologic parameters that permit protrusion of a cell from its surrounding epithelium. Combined with work from our lab on force interactions between cells via adherens junctions, as well as mechanical interactions between a cell and its substrate, we may extrapolate detailed force interactions that underlie the observed cell shape and motility parameters that permit protrusion. Citation Format: Timothy Fessenden, Margaret L. Gardel. Dynamic multicellular mechanics controlling protrusion in 3D. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1100. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1100
Worker Protection, Japanese Style: Occupational Safety and Health in the Auto Industry

The article reviews the book “Worker Protection, Japanese Style: Occupational Safety and Health in the Auto Industry,” by Richard E. Wokutch.
Instrument development in the Italy-USA Collaborative Spectrum Project.

Scope – The Collaborative Spectrum Project aims to define subthreshold and atyical conditions not sufficiently characterized in the current diagnostic nomenclature and for which adequate assessment instruments are not available. This paper reports on the development and validation of new instruments to assess the spectrum of five psychiatric disorders. Design – Three multicenter studies and one single-site study were conducted in Italy to assess the validity and reliability of the five spectrum interviews. Another cross-sectional study to validate the panic-agoraphobia spectrum has been conducted in Pittsburgh. Setting – Outpatients attending various university clinics, university students and, in one Italian study, gym attenders were recruited for the studies. Main outcome measures – Five structured clinical interview to assess the spectrum of panicagoraphobia (SCI-PAS), mood (SCI-MOODS), social phobia (SCI-SHY), and the obsessive-compulsive (SCI-OBS) and eating disorder spectra (SCI-ABS) were administered along with a diagnostic interview and a number of self-report and interviewerrated instruments. Results – All the domains of the interview showed high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.61) and satisfactory internal consistency. Mean domain scores were significantly higher in cases than in controls and in patients with the disorder of interest than in patients with other disorders. Convergent validity was satisfactory for panic-agoraphobia, social phobia and obsessive-compulsive spectrum domains. Differences emerged between SCI-ABS and self-report instruments assessing eating disorders. A cut-off score for the panic-agoraphobia spectrum was defined and its clinical validity was tested. Conclusions – The psychometric properties of the five spectrum interviews are very satisfactory, and studies are currently ongoing to test the clinical validity of all the spectra. Subthreshold and atypical symptoms deserve attention in epidemiological investigation.
Application of RTA To Bipolar Ic’S

RTA has been investigated for a variety of applications including implant anneal and modification of poly silicon. However, little has been reported on the integration of RTA into actual process flows. We describe here results for bipolar IC’s with RTA for the fabrication of shallower junctions and lower sheet resistance (Rs) poly electrodes. For a successful bipolar IC, not only are good diode characteristics and related transistor parameters important, but also, resistor behavior, uniformity, and yield are critical. An AG Heatpulse system was used to successfully anneal the emitter implant of 2.0 um design rule bipolar IC’s. The yield and variation in gate delay were comparable to furnace annealed counterparts. These results are especially encouraging since both transistor performance and resistor matching are critical for the circuits tested. However, significant improvement in gate delay was not observed.
Changes of business organization structure driven by information technology

This paper analyses some mutual interactions between IT and business organization structure, discusses some features of business organization structure under the powerful influences of IT and points out that they bear the following features: simplification ?network?flexibility?virtualization. The paper explores some effective models for the business structures in the new millennium.s.
Regulation of beta adrenergic receptors in isolated frog erythrocyte plasma membranes.

The ability of beta adrenergic agonists to inactivate reversibly the beta adrenergic receptor binding sites in isolated frog erythrocyte plasma membranes has been studied. When membranes were exposed to isoproterenol at 25°,40-70% of the beta adrenergic receptors were rapidly lost, i.e., could no longer be assayed with (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol. Although the rate of this process was considerably more rapid in membranes than previously found in whole cells, it was still slower than the rate of stimulation of the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol. In agreement with previous findings in whole cells, the decreased receptor binding in membranes was associated with a fall in receptor number with no significant change in affinity of the remaining receptors. The specificity of this process in membranes was that of a beta adrenergic receptor-mediated effect. The order of potency of agonists in inducing the apparent fall in receptor number was (-)-isoproterenol> (-)-epinephrine>> (-)-norepinephrine. (-)-Isoproterenol was 1000 times more potent than (+)-isoproterenol. Beta adrenergic antagonists competitively antagonized the agonist-induced effect. (-)-Propranolol was 100 times more potent than (+)-propranolol in this regard. Among a series of 11 beta adrenergic agents tested, the ability to decrease receptor number maximally was directly correlated with maximum ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase (intrinsic activity); r = 0.93, p
Semiautomated Method for Analysis of Nitroglycerin in Sublingual Tablets: Collaborative Study

This method is a semiautomated version of the current USP XX method for content uniformity testing of nitroglycerin tablets. Nitroglycerin is hydrolyzed to nitrite in aqueous alkali. The nitrite thus formed diazotizes procaine, which then is coupled with Bratton-Marshall reagent; the absorbance of the resultant color is read at 550 nm. Six collaborators were supplied with 6 composites of sublingual tablets, representing 3 different dosage levels. Results agreed with those obtained by the author using the USP composite assay method. The coefficients of variation ranged from 0.20 to 0.70%. The method is sensitive enough for individual tablet assays (0.15 mg nitroglycerin). The method has been adopted as official first action.
Distribution and ecology of Pecosorbis kansasensis in eastern New Mexico

The status, distribution and ecology of Pecosorbis kansasensis in eastern New Mexico were evaluated. Its known range was expanded from the Carlsbad area to include many new localities as far north as San Miguel County. The snail was found to occur in ephemeral pools at elevations between 890 and 1800 m in low-slope drainages of exposed bedrock. Structural diversity of arroyo bedrock basins was correlated significantly with the presence and abundance of P. kansasensis. No close faunal associates were found, but the New Mexico Ramshorn Snail did occur consistently in pools with a few other species. P. kansasensis was most closely associated with a general environment of trans-pecos shrub savannah vegetation.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ORAL-ABORAL AXIS IN THE CTENOPHORE EMBRYO.

In a small percentage of normal embryos and in a higher percentage of embryos centrifuged prior to the first cleavage the positions of the polar bodies and the site of the first cleavage furrow do not coincide. These cases have been used to establish whether polar body formation sites or first cleavage initiation sites correlate best with the oral-aboral axis of the embryo. In all cases when the first cleavage is initiated at a site different from the site where the polar bodies were given off, the pattern of the first four cleavages is normal, the segregation of comb plate potential at these stages is normal, and the larvae that form are normal. The extent to which comb plate potential is localized along the oral-aboral axis of the embryo prior to the first cleavage, during the first cleavage and at the 2-cell stage was also examined. These experiments demonstrate that the oral-aboral axis is established at the time of the first cleavage, that cleavage plays a causal role in setting up the axis, and that comb plate-forming potential begins to be localized in the aboral region of the embryo at this time.