cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Global Gene Expression in Brachypodium distachyon Reveals Extensive Network Plasticity in Response to Abiotic Stress

Brachypodium distachyon is a close relative of many important cereal crops. Abiotic stress tolerance has a significant impact on productivity of agriculturally important food and feedstock crops. Analysis of the transcriptome of Brachypodium after chilling, high-salinity, drought, and heat stresses revealed diverse differential expression of many transcripts. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis revealed 22 distinct gene modules with specific profiles of expression under each stress. Promoter analysis implicated short DNA sequences directly upstream of module members in the regulation of 21 of 22 modules. Functional analysis of module members revealed enrichment in functional terms for 10 of 22 network modules. Analysis of condition-specific correlations between differentially expressed gene pairs revealed extensive plasticity in the expression relationships of gene pairs. Photosynthesis, cell cycle, and cell wall expression modules were down-regulated by all abiotic stresses. Modules which were up-regulated by each abiotic stress fell into diverse and unique gene ontology GO categories. This study provides genomics resources and improves our understanding of abiotic stress responses of Brachypodium.
The Glomerular Mesangium

The mesangium is more than simply a support structure for glomerular capillary circulation. Mesangial cells respond to various vasoactive mediators and probably contribute to the regulation of mesangial cell contractility and, consequently, glomerular perfusion. The surrounding extracellular matrix contains several glycoproteins and collagens that may affect the immune interactions of antigens and antibodies and may possibly influence the disposition of immune complexes. These properties may modulate the consequences of deposition of IgA-containing immune complexes in the mesangium in patients with IgA nephropathy and the consequent expression of clinical disease.
Vilazodone for the treatment of major depressive disorder: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy.

Introduction It has clearly been demonstrated that depressive disorders constitute a major worldwide public health problem, with massive economic and quality-of-life consequences. Existing pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy, with only about a third of patients achieving remission on any one medication. Delayed onset of action and variable tolerability contribute to this limited efficacy. Vilazodone, introduced in the US in 2011, has been described as the first member of the serotonin partial agonist-reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) class of medications, combining serotonin-reuptake inhibition with 5-HT1A partial agonism. This agent could potentially have benefits for subgroups of depressed patients, including depressed patients with comorbid anxiety and patients with anxiety disorders, and might have fewer sexual side effects than selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
Implementing A Community-Wide Strategic Plan Rock Hill’s Empowering the Vision 10 Years Later

Confronted by economic, social, and political change in the 1980s, many cities decided to use community-wide strategic planning as a tool to address their problems. Rock Hill, South Carolina, successfully completed Empowering the Vision (ETV), a two-year community-wide strategic planning process, in 1989 and began implementing the 10-year plan in 1990. Did the implementation of ETV achieve its promise? Is it another example of a well-intentioned but later abandoned use of strategic planning? I argue that Rock Hill achieved five significant results by 2000: (a) managing uncertainty, (b) resolving conflict, (c) continuing citizen participation, (d) achieving tangible and intangible results, and (e) establishing a governance network for the duration of the planning period. Rock Hill achieved these results because of (a) the competent practice of community-wide strategic planning, (b) visionary leadership, and (c) the commitment of public leadership to the process and the plan.
The TBP-TFIIA interaction in the response to acidic activators in vivo

A yeast TBP mutant (N2-1) is described here that is defective specifically in responding to acidic activators in vivo. N2-1 does not support activation by Gal4, Ace1, and Gcn4, but appears unaffected for constitutive transcription, repression by the Cyc8-Tup1 and Not complexes, and transcription by polymerase I (Pol) and Pol III. In vitro, N2-1 fails to interact with TFIIA, but it associates normally with a TATA element, an acidic activation domain, and TFIIB. Fusion of the small subunit of TFIIA to N2-1 restores activation function in vivo. Thus, an efficient interaction between TBP and TFIIA is required for transcriptional activation in vivo.
Vaccinate boys with the HPV vaccine? Really?

Question: I recently heard about HPV vaccinations for males. Is this an evidence-based practice? What are the considerations for vaccinating boys and men? Tami Thomas and Samuel Snell, Honor Student, respond: The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is increasing in the United States in both low-risk and high-risk groups of men; so, it is imperative that pediatric nurses educate and encourage HPV vaccination for boys (Smith, Gilbert, Melendy, Rana, & Pimenta, 2011). HPV is estimated to currently infect young men 20 years of age and older at rates between 65% and 93% in high-risk populations, and up to 45% among lower risk populations. Despite the usefulness of the vaccine in preventing HPV-related cancers in men, barriers to HPV vaccination still persist (Smith, Gilbert, Melendy, Rana, & Pimenta, 2011). The benefit of the HPV vaccine in boys is often over-looked by the initial focus and marketing of the HPV vaccine as a means to prevent cervical cancer. There is also a lack of knowledge about the virus, such as the fact that more than 130 HPV genotypes exist, and that they are classified as low-risk and high-risk types (Frazer, 2010). Low-risk types (i.e., types 6 and 11) cause genital warts, while high-risk types (i.e., types 16 and 18) can cause cancers of the cervix, anus, oropharynx, penis, vagina, and vulva (Marklund & Hammarstedt, 2011). Current data indicate that HPV infection may be associated with 96–99% of cervical cancers, 90–93% of anal cancers, 12–63% of oropharyngeal cancers, 36–40% of penile cancers, 40% of vaginal cancers, and 40–51% of vulvar cancers (Hernandez et al., 2008; Kroger, Atkinson, Marcuse, & Pickering, 2006; Marklund & Hammarstedt, 2011; Parkin & Bray, 2006; Watson et al., 2008). Vaccinating boys and men ages 9–26 years can prevent more than 5 million cases of genital warts and 40,000 cancer-related deaths over the next century, while saving $25,700 per quality-adjusted life year (Schiller, Day, & Kines, 2010).
Ready, willing, and able: A framework for improving the public health emergency preparedness system

Every society is exposed periodically to catastrophes and public health emergencies that are broad in scale. Too often, these experiences reveal major deficits in the quality of emergency response. A critical barrier to achieving preparedness for high-quality, system-based emergency response is the absence of a universal framework and common language to guide the pursuit of that goal. We describe a simple but comprehensive framework to encourage a focused conversation to improve preparedness for the benefit of individuals, families, organizations, communities, and society as a whole. We propose that constructs associated with the well-known expression "ready, willing, and able" represent necessary and sufficient elements for a standardized approach to ensure high-quality emergency response across the disparate entities that make up the public health emergency preparedness system. The "ready, willing, and able" constructs are described and specific applications are offered to illustrate the broad applicability and heuristic value of the model. Finally, prospective steps are outlined for initiating and advancing a dialogue that may directly lead to or inform already existing efforts to develop quality standards, measures, guidance, and (potentially) a national accreditation program.
Relationship between age and serum vitamin A in children aged 4-11 y.

The association between age and serum vita- mm A concentrations in children was examined by using total serum vitamin A values from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) and serum reti- nol values for Mexican Americans from the Hispanic HANES. Analyses included multivariate strategies to identify confound- ers ofserum vitamin A. After the effect ofthe use of vitamin- mineral supplements on total serum vitamin A values was con- trolled for, the data indicated that younger children (aged 4-5 y) have lower serum vitamin A concentrations than do older children (aged 9-1 1 y) regardless of whether the measure was total serum vitamin A or serum retinol. This relationship was systematic across the distribution of values and suggested that the difference may be due to normal physiological events. A different interpretive criterion may be needed for younger and older children when serum vitamin A is used to indicate vita- mm A status. Am J Clin Nutr l990;52:353-60.
Parents’ Conceptualization of Adolescents’ Mental Health Problems: Who Adopts a Psychiatric Perspective and Does It Make a Difference?

How parents give meaning to the problems of adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders and receiving treatment is likely related to important outcomes including parental well-being and commitment to treatment, as well as their own behaviors and reactions to their child. The aim of this cross-sectional, mixed-method study of 70 parents of adolescents receiving wraparound mental health services is to examine: (1) how parents conceptualize their child’s MH problems; (2) factors related to parents’ conceptualization of youths’ problems using medical model terms; and (3) associations between parents’ problem conceptualization and their emotional or coping responses to their child having psychiatric problem(s). Content analysis indicated that 54.3% of parents definitively conceptualized adolescents’ problems using psychiatric terms, 37.1% reported uncertainty about the nature of their child’s problems, and 8.6% gave alternative, non-psychiatric explanations for their child’s problems. We found significant relationships between parents’ problem conceptualization and their attitudes and experience with MH treatment, demographics, as well as with adolescents’ clinical characteristics. Parents who conceptualized problems using psychiatric terminology were more likely to express sadness and pessimism relative to other parents, though there were no differences in expressions of worry, guilt, pragmatism and optimism by problem conceptualization.
Trajectories of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders in a Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders

This study investigated the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in a sample (N 668) recruited for personality disorders and followed longitudinally as part of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The study both examined rates of co-occurring disorders at baseline and temporal relationships between PTSD and substance use disorders over 4 years. Subjects with a lifetime history of PTSD at baseline had significantly higher rates of SUDs (both alcohol and drug) than subjects without PTSD. Latent class growth analysis, a relatively novel approach used to analyze trajectories and identify homogeneous subgroups of participant on the basis of probabilities of PTSD and SUD over time, identified 6 classes, which were compared with respect to a set of functioning and personality variables. The most consistent differences were observed between the group that displayed low probabilities of both SUD and PTSD and the group that displayed high probabilities of both.
Extended-release niacin reduces LDL particle number without changing total LDL cholesterol in patients with stable CAD.

Background The importance of the number of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles, in addition to total LDL level, has been increasingly recognized. The effects of extended-release niacin (ERN) on LDL particle numbers have not been studied. Objective To evaluate ERN's effects on LDL particle numbers. Methods Fifty-four patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and well-controlled LDL levels were randomly assigned to 3 months of ERN (1 g/day) or placebo in addition to their baseline medications. Lipoprotein particle number was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and after 3 months. Results Compared to baseline, the addition of ERN had no significant effect on total LDL cholesterol levels; however, ERN decreased the number of medium and small LDL particles (P Conclusion ERN-induced alterations in lipoprotein particle numbers may contribute to its anti-atherosclerotic effects, and these effects may not be evident from the standard lipid profile.
Genetic Changes Accompanying the Domestication of Pisum sativum: Is there a Common Genetic Basis to the ‘Domestication Syndrome’ for Legumes?

†Background and Aims The changes that occur during the domestication of crops such as maize and common bean appear to be controlled by relatively few genes. This study investigates the genetic basis of domestication in pea (Pisum sativum) and compares the genes involved with those determined to be important in common bean domestication. †Methods Quantitative trait loci and classical genetic analysis are used to investigate and identify the genes modified at three stages of the domestication process. Five recombinant inbred populations involving crosses between different lines representing different stages are examined. †Key Results A minimum of 15 known genes, in addition to a relatively few major quantitative trait loci, are identified as being critical to the domestication process. These genes control traits such as pod dehiscence, seed dormancy, seed size and other seed quality characters, stem height, root mass, and harvest index. Several of the genes have pleiotropic effects that in species possessing a more rudimentary genetic characterization might have been interpreted as clusters of genes. Very little evidence for gene clustering was found in pea. When compared with common bean, pea has used a different set of genes to produce the same or similar phenotypic changes. †Conclusions Similar to results for common bean, relatively few genes appear to have been modified during the domestication of pea. However, the genes involved are different, and there does not appear to be a common genetic basis to ‘domestication syndrome’ in the Fabaceae.
Non-data aided joint estimation of carrier frequency offset and channel using periodic modulation precoders: performance analysis

Previous results have shown that blind channel estimators, which are robust to the location of channel zeros and channel order overestimation errors, can be derived for communication channels equipped with transmitted induced cyclostationarity (TIC) precoders. This paper addresses the problem of joint estimation of the unknown intersymbol interference (ISI) and carrier frequency offset using TIC-based set-ups. First, it is shown that the second-order cyclic statistics of the output allow recovery of the channel taps under a scaling factor ambiguity dependent on the unknown carrier offset frequency. Next, a carrier frequency estimator is proposed, and its asymptotic (large sample) performance is analyzed. It is shown that the asymptotic performance of the frequency estimator improves in the presence of a channel equalizer for high SNRs. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to collaborate the performance of proposed algorithms.
Application of CHESS single-bounce capillaries at synchrotron beamlines

Single-bounce capillaries are achromatic X-ray focusing optics that can provide efficient and high demagnification focusing with large numerical apertures. Capillary fabrication at CHESS can be customized according to specific application requirements. Exemplary applications are reviewed in this paper, as well as recent progress on condensers for high-resolution transmission X-ray microscopy and small focal size capillaries.
The Size Distribution and Mass-Weighted Terminal Velocity of Low-Latitude Tropopause Cirrus Crystal Populations

Ice crystal terminal velocities govern the lifetime of radiatively complex, climatologically important, lowlatitude tropopause cirrus clouds. To better understand cloud lifetimes, the terminal velocities of low-latitude tropopause cirrus cloud particles have been estimated using data from aircraft field campaigns. Data used in this study were collected during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers‐Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) and the Pre-Aura Validation Experiment (Pre-AVE). Particle properties were measured with the NCAR video ice particle sampler (VIPS) probe, thus providing information about particles in a poorly understood size range. Data used in this study were limited to high-altitude nonconvective thin clouds with temperatures between 2568 and 2868C. Realistic particle terminal velocity estimates require accurate values of particle projected area and mass. Exponential functions were used to predict the dimensional properties of ice particles smaller than 200 microns and were found to predict ice water content measurements well when compared to power-law representations. The shapes of the particle size distributions were found to be monomodal and were well represented by exponential or gamma functions. Incorporating these findings into terminal velocity calculations led to lower values of mass-weighted terminal velocities for particle populations than are currently predicted for low-latitude ice clouds. New parameterizations for individual particle properties as well as particle size distribution properties are presented and compared to commonly used parameterizations. Results from this study are appropriate for use in estimating the properties of low-latitude thin and subvisible cirrus at temperatures lower than 2568C.
The correlation between the severity of peripheral arterial disease and carotid occlusive disease

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and carotid occlusive disease (COD) are both known to be specific manifestations of atherosclerosis. Because they both have a common cause, it is reasonable to hypothesize that they should correlate with each other to a certain extent, and previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between the prevalence of PAD and COD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the severity of PAD and the severity of COD by retrospectively looking at a group of 203 patients who underwent non-invasive testing for suspicion of PAD at the San Diego VA Hospital or UCSD Medical Center, and who also had a non-invasive duplex carotid scan. The severity of PAD was assessed by segmental blood pressure ratios (leg segment/arm ratio) in each leg taken at the toe, ankle, and below the knee, as well as the peak flow velocity of the posterior tibial artery. The severity of COD was assessed by duplex ultrasound scans of six distinct segments of the carotid artery system: the right and left common, internal, and external carotid arteries. Correlation analysis showed r=0.23 (p=0.001) when comparing a PAD aggregate standard score with the number of diseased carotid arteries (>50% stenosis), and r=0.23 (p=0.001) when comparing a PAD aggregate standard score with an average COD score. Because about 50% of the patients had undergone surgical intervention on their leg or carotid arteries, another correlation analysis restricted to patients with no surgical interventions (n = 97) was performed. The above correlations were slightly attenuated in this analysis, r=0.21 (p=0.043) and r=0.17 (p= 0.092), respectively. The results indicate that there is a modest but significant correlation between the severity of PAD and the severity of COD in a population with a high prevalence of both.
DEPENDENCE OF CRUCIATE-LIGAMENT LOADING ON MUSCLE FORCES AND EXTERNAL LOAD

A sagittal-plane model of the knee is used to predict and explain the relationships between the forces developed by the muscles, the external loads applied to the leg, and the forces induced in the cruciate ligaments during isometric exercises. The geometry of the model bones is adapted from cadaver data. Eleven elastic elements describe the geometric and mechanical properties of the cruciate ligaments, the collateral ligaments, and the posterior capsule. The model is actuated by 11 musculotendinous units, each unit represented as a three-element muscle in series with tendon. For isolated contractions of the quadriceps, ACL force increases as quadriceps force increases for all flexion angles between 0 and 80 degrees; the ACL is unloaded at flexion angles greater than 80 degrees. When quadriceps force is held constant, ACL force decreases monotonically as knee-flexion angle increases. The relationship between ACL force, quadriceps force, and knee-flexion angle is explained by the geometry of the knee-extensor mechanism and by the changing orientation of the ACL in the sagittal plane. For isolated contractions of the hamstrings, PCL force increases as hamstrings force increases for all flexion angles greater than 10 degrees; the PCL is unloaded at flexion angles less than 10 degrees. When hamstrings force is held constant, PCL force increases monotonically with increasing knee flexion. The relationship between PCL force, hamstrings force, and knee-flexion angle is explained by the geometry of the hamstrings and by the changing orientation of the PCL in the sagittal plane. At nearly all knee-flexion angles, hamstrings co-contraction is an effective means of reducing ACL force. Hamstrings co-contraction cannot protect the ACL near full extension of the knee because these muscles meet the tibia at small angles near full extension, and so cannot apply a sufficiently large posterior shear force to the leg. Moving the restraining force closer to the knee-flexion axis decreases ACL force; varying the orientation of the restraining force has only a small effect on cruciate-ligament loading.
Floristics of Silver River State Park, Marion County, Florida

Abstract The Silver River State Park encompasses a dozen representative natural community habitats of the Florida peninsula, including one of the world's largest artesian spring complexes. The area is floristically diverse and is home to 18 endemic and ten endangered plant species. A floristic inventory of the 1711 ha Silver River State Park, Marion County, Florida was conducted from July 2005 to February 2008. A total of 633 vascular plant species was collected. These include 17 monilophytes, seven extant gymnosperms, and 609 angiosperms (representing 381 genera in 120 families). The families best represented in the park included the Asteraceae (73 spp.), Poaceae (70 spp.), Cyperaceae (48 spp.), Fabaceae (39 spp.), followed by Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae, and Plantginaceae (each at 15 spp.). The largest genera included Quercus (14 spp.), Carex (13 spp.), Cyperus (12 spp.), and Dichanthelium (8 spp.).
How Physicians' Organizations Compete: Protectionism and Efficiency

This article develops a framework that distinguishes four types of com- petitive strategies that physicians' organizations can adopt in their interactions with health plans. Two types of strategies protect physicians' incomes and autonomy from incursion and control by insurers; the other two enhance the efficiency of health care markets by controlling costs and embedding physicians' caregiving in a community of professionals. The mix of strategies that each organization adopts at any given time depends on the market conditions and regulatory policies it faces, as well as its orga- nizational capacity. The article reviews recent developments in the field that indicate that today's markets and regulations create neither the pressures nor the capacity for physicians' organizations to adopt strategies that enhance efficiency. The managed care backlash has led to a relaxation of pressures to control costs, and the lack of a business case for quality has discouraged embedded caregiving. These developments instead have encouraged and enabled physicians' organizations to adopt strategies that protect their members from the bargaining power and micromanagement of health plans. The article therefore proposes changes in purchasing and regulatory policies to alter the pressures and improve the capacity of physicians' organizations to pursue efficiency and eschew protectionism. Many physicians responded to the spread of managed care by forming or joining organizations such as medical groups, physician-hospital orga- nizations (PHOs), and independent practice associations (IPAs). Analysts initially extolled the theoretical potential of these entities to enhance the
Canine pancreaticoduodenal allotransplantation with cystoduodenostomy: an animal model with clinical application.

Most techniques described in animal models of pancreatic transplantation use either segmental or autotransplants. We employ a technique of pancreaticoduodenal allotransplantation in the dog that closely resembles the operation used in humans. The arterial supply of the entire pancreatic graft is preserved by procuring a Carrel patch of aorta encompassing the origin of the celiac and the superior mesenteric arteries. Splenic, inferior pancreaticoduodenal, and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries remain intact with the graft. Venous drainage is through a short segment of portal vein. A 6-cm cuff of duodenum is taken with the head of the pancreas. Engraftment proceeds by placing the allograft within the peritoneal cavity of the recipient. End-to-side vascular anastomoses are constructed to distal aorta and inferior vena cava. The duodenal cuff is anastomosed to the dome of the bladder for drainage and analysis of exocrine secretions and to provide a port of entry for cystoscopically directed needle biopsy. ...
Emerging echinocandins for treatment of invasive fungal infections.

The echinocandins are a new class of antifungals, developed in response to the need for safe and effective antifungals for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. These agents work by inhibiting 1,3-β-d-glucan synthase, an enzyme essential for production of cell walls in select fungi. Echinocandins appear to demonstrate favourable activity in vitro against a variety of yeasts (including both Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida) as well as select moulds (including Aspergillus spp.) In general, all echninocandins demonstrate a favourable safety profile and require once-daily parenteral administration. Caspofungin is the first of these agents to be available in the US, and is approved for empirical antifungal therapy in febrile neutropenic patients, candidaemia and select forms of invasive candidiasis, and for management of invasive aspergillosis in patients refractory to or intolerant of other therapies. Micafungin was recently approved by the FDA for treatment of oesophageal candidiasis, and for...
Street-outreach improves detection but not referral for drug users with latent tuberculosis, New York City.

Street outreach in two New York City communities, Harlem and the South Bronx, between May 2001 and March 2003, provided tuberculin skin test (TST) screening to illicit drug users outside the traditional health care system. Persons who used heroin, cocaine, and/or crack were offered a TST, incentives to return for TST reading, and further evaluation if TST was positive. Of 809 participants, 530 (66%) accepted a TST and 81% (429/530) returned for TST reading. Of 429 participants, 40 (9%) were TST positive. Participants found TST positive did not differ from those found TST negative in previous drug user treatment or drug use practices including snorting heroin, sniffing cocaine, smoking crack, and injecting drugs of any kind. Of the 40 participants found TST positive, the 21 who tested TST positive for the first time were more likely to be male (p = .03) and noninjectors (p = .02), than the 19 who had tested TST positive in the past. Only two newly identified persons pursued follow-up care. Street recruitme...
An Overview of Time and Multiband Limiting

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date overview of time and multiband limiting somewhat parallel to Landau’s (Fourier Techniques and Applications (Kensington, 1983), pp. 201–220. Plenum, New York, 1985) overview. Particular focus is given to the theory of time and frequency limiting of multiband signals and to time-localized sampling approximations of Shannon type for band-limited signals.
Early Postoperative Outcomes of Primary Bariatric Surgery in Patients on Chronic Steroid or Immunosuppressive Therapy

Background Previous research suggests that patients on chronic steroids may be at an increased risk of postoperative morbidity after major surgery. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of chronic use of steroid or immunosuppression on 30-day morbidity and mortality rates after primary bariatric surgery.
The Forgotten One: Lemierre’s Syndrome Due to Gram-Negative Rods Prevotella Bacteremia

Background Lemierre's syndrome (LS) is a rare syndrome caused by an acute oropharyngeal infection with metastatic spreading. It was described in 1939 as jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis associated with retropharyngeal infection. Different organisms can cause LS, such as Fusobacterium species, Peptostreptococcus, group B and C, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus species, but the most commonly isolated pathogen is Fusobacterium necrophorum, a common oral flora. Management depends on the initial presentation, type of pathogen isolated, and proper selection of antibiotics. Case report We report a case of a 22-year-old man with no past medical history, who presented with left jaw pain and progressive left facial area swelling associated with dyspnea. A final diagnosis of LS was made based on criteria of computed tomography (CT) of the neck and the clinical symptoms. The patient was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics. Subsequent imaging of the chest showed pleural effusion with septic emboli. He underwent thoracentesis and chest tube placement. Final blood cultures were remarkable for gram-negative rods - Prevotella anaerobes - which supported the diagnosis of LS. His condition improved, including the dyspnea, and he was discharged on the proper antibiotics coverage with outpatient follow-up. Conclusions LS is a rare condition associated with metastatic infection spreading. This syndrome can be associated with further complications, such as pleural effusions and/or empyemas. Early recognition is important to prevent fatal complications and provide adequate antibiotics coverage. We report only the third case in the medical literature of Prevotella-induced LS with a secondary complication of pleural effusion.
Comparison of the absorption and effect on platelet function of a single dose of n-3 fatty acids given as fish or fish oil.

To compare their relative absorption and effect on platelet function, concentrated fish oil and tuna were given to 10 subjects in a randomized crossover study. Although plasma enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from either preparation was similar, relative absorption of EPA from tuna was significantly greater than that from fish oil (46.6 +/- 3.0 mg.L-1.g EPA-1 from tuna compared with 16 +/- 1.0 mg.L-1.g EPA-1 from fish oil, P less than 0.001). Relative absorption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was equivalent (54.0 +/- 9.0 mg.L-1.g DHA-1 from tuna, 56 +/- 9.0 mg.L-1.g DHA-1 from fish oil, NS). Platelet aggregation in response to the endoperoxide analog U46619 was significantly diminished after either preparation but aggregation in response to other agonists, bleeding time, and membrane n-3 (omega-3) fatty acid content were not changed. Thus, n-3 fatty acids are well absorbed after one dose of either tuna or fish oil but EPA absorption appears to be more efficient from tuna. Additionally, a single dose of n-3 fatty acids decreases platelet aggregation by a mechanism not requiring incorporation into platelet membranes.
A Proven Organization and Management Assessment Model

This chapter speaks to the importance of having strong, effective security management skill sets and the leadership character and conviction to move a security organization forward through the creation and implementation of strategic security programs, and to provide management oversight of important security activities that resonate with C-suite executives. Actual case histories highlight significant management and leadership shortfalls.
Adjuvant arthritis induced in germ-free rats.

SummaryThe polyarthritis which occurs after injection of water-in-oil adjuvant into laboratory rats was found to develop as readily in the germ-free animal. In addition to the acute arthritis, both groups of animals also developed a florid urethritis and balanitis. In this study repeated cultures of food, feces, urine and urethral discharge were always bacteriologically sterile in the germ-free group. Hence it is apparent that a bacterial flora is not necessary for development of adjuvant arthritis.
Automated Benchmarking and Monitoring of an Earthmoving Operation's Carbon Footprint Using Video Cameras and a Greenhouse Gas Estimation Model

Benchmarking and monitoring are critical steps toward improving operational efficiency of earthmoving equipment and minimizing their environmental impacts. Despite the importance, the relationship between operational efficiency and total pollutant emissions of these operations has not been fully understood. To establish such relationship and find ways to minimize the excessive environmental impacts due to reduced operational efficiencies, there is a need for an inexpensive and automated benchmarking and monitoring method. This paper presents a novel cost-effective method for monitoring carbon footprint of earthmoving operations using a visionbased equipment action recognition method along with pollutant emission inventories of construction actions. First a site video stream is represented as a collection of spatio-temporal features by extracting space-time interest points and describing each feature with a histogram of oriented gradients. The algorithm automatically learns the probability distributions of the spatio-temporal features and action categories using a multiple binary support vector machine classifier. Next, using a new temporal sliding window model, the equipment action categories are classified over a long sequence of video frames. The recognized time-series of equipment actions are placed in an emission and carbon footprint estimation model where based on the amount of emission for each equipment action, the overall Green House Gas emissions are analyzed. The proposed method is validated for several videos collected on an ongoing construction project. The preliminary results with average action recognition accuracy of 85% reflect the promise that the proposed approach can help practitioners understand operational efficiency of their construction activities and minimize excessive environmental impacts due to reduced operational efficiencies.
Efficient high-speed cornering motions based on continuously-variable feedrates. I. Real-time interpolator algorithms

The problem of high-speed traversal of sharp toolpath corners, within a prescribed geometrical tolerance 𝜖, is addressed. Each sharp corner is replaced by a quintic Pythagorean–hodograph (PH) curve that meets the incoming/outgoing path segments with G 2 continuity, and deviates from the exact corner by no more than the prescribed tolerance 𝜖. The deviation and extremum curvature admit closed-form expressions in terms of the corner angle 𝜃 and side-length L, allowing precise control over these quantities. The PH curves also permit a smooth modulation of feedrate around the corner by analytic reduction of the interpolation integral. To demonstrate this, real-time interpolator algorithms are developed for three model feedrate functions. Specifying the feedrate as a quintic polynomial in the curve parameter accommodates precise acceleration continuity, but has no obvious geometrical interpretation. An inverse linear dependence on curvature offers a purely geometrical specification, but incurs slight initial and final tangential acceleration discontinuities. As an alternative, a hybrid form that incorporates the main advantages of these two approaches is proposed. In each case, the ratio $f=V_{\min }/V_{0}$ of the minimum and nominal feedrates is a free parameter, and the improved cornering time is analyzed. This paper develops the basic cornering algorithms—their implementation and performance analysis are described in detail in a companion paper.
Embodying and Communicating Authenticity in Adolescent Counseling

Authenticity is a fundamental component of counseling adolescents, yet demonstrating this intuitive process can be difficult. In this article, we outline ways in which we implement the behavioral practice of authenticity in counseling adolescents. We present two case vignettes that demonstrate genuine interactions with teenage clients and discuss implications for counseling.
Autonomous navigation and control of unmanned aerial systems in the national airspace

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's) have become smaller and less expensive making them accessible to businesses, law enforcement and the general public. Businesses have proposed ways to use these aircraft for commercial purposes. For unmanned aerial systems to be used on a large scale, an autonomous flight control system needs to be developed. However under current and proposed FAA regulations, all UAV's must be piloted by people to fly in the national airspace. In order for a system like this to be adopted it needs to minimize the amount of changes to the current air traffic control system to reduce costs and air traffic controller training. A system design for this purpose is discussed in this paper.
Building hospital TQM teams: effective polarity analysis and maximization.

Building and maintaining teams require careful attention to and maximization of such polar opposites (?polarities?) as individual and team, directive and participatory leadership, task and process, and stability and change. Analyzing systematic elements of any polarity and listing blocks, supports, and flexible ways to maximize it will prevent the negative consequences that occur when treating a polarity like a solvable problem. Flexible, well-timed shifts from pole to pole result in the maximization of upside and minimization of downside consequences.
Carbogen in the management of a central retinal artery occlusion

Carbogen therapy is a promising treatment aimed at improving retinal oxygenation and subsequent vision. Nurses play a key role in patient education, administration, emotional support, and monitoring of potential side effects and effectiveness of carbogen as patients hope to regain lost vision.
Immobilization of a Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Catalyst on Activated Carbon with Enhanced Cathode Performance in Microbial Fuel Cells

Applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are limited in part by low power densities mainly due to cathode performance. Successful immobilization of an Fe-N-C co-catalyst on activated carbon (Fe-N-C/AC) improved the oxygen reduction reaction to nearly a four-electron transfer, compared to a twoelectron transfer achieved using AC. With acetate as the fuel, the maximum power density was 4.7±0.2 W m(-2) , which is higher than any previous report for an air-cathode MFC. With domestic wastewater as a fuel, MFCs with the Fe-N-C/AC cathode produced up to 0.8±0.03 W m(-2) , which was twice that obtained with a Pt-catalyzed cathode. The use of this Fe-N-C/AC catalyst can therefore substantially increase power production, and enable broader applications of MFCs for renewable electricity generation using waste materials.
Adaptive observer and controller for magnetic microactuators

Flexural magnetic actuators can be used for actuation at small length scales in microfluidics applications. These actuators may be unstable in some region of operation. The actuators can be stabilized easily using model based controllers if the actuator is modeled accurately and model parameters are known. Estimating model parameters accurately from first principles or straightforward measurements is not feasible in practice. An adaptive observer-controller is presented here. The adaptive observer estimates the model parameters and system states and the indirect adaptive controller stabilizes the actuator in the unstable region and ensures trajectory tracking.
Thermoregulation, Performance, and Energetics

All physiological processes are temperature dependent and reptiles and amphibians are ectotherms, gaining or losing heat from their external environment. Consequently, behavior is particularly important in maintaining body temperatures that allow proper physiological function. Terminology in thermoregulation studies is summarized, and the relationship between temperature and physiological function is reviewed with many interesting examples. Thermoregulation has costs (e.g., increased risk of predation) and thus tradeoffs exist between effective thermoregulation and costs associated with it. Amphibians and reptiles exhibit an array of mechanisms for surviving time periods when they cannot thermoregulate, including freeze tolerance in some cases. Acquired energy is partitioned into growth, maintenance, and reproduction, and the relative importance of each of these processes varies with age. Methods used to construct meaningful energy budgets are described. Finally, physiological traits can be traced on independently derived phylogenies to determine where historical shifts took place during the evolutionary history of the group.
Electrical capacitance imaging of fluidized beds

Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes capacitance type systems that are better developed for process applications than either resistance or inductance systems. Capacitance imaging is a valuable tool for examining the detailed voidage distributions within fluidized beds. The high speed of the technique allows the dynamic behavior of fluidized beds to be studied in detail. The technique confirms many early observations in a much more direct way and reveals previously unobserved behaviors. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) uses the measurement of electrical property to construct maps of that property through several dimensions. Properties, which have been or may be used, include capacitance, resistance, eddy current, and inductance. The selection of the electrical property for measurement in a specific application depends on the process stream and how sensitive the electrical property is to the stream variation that is being measured. Resistance sensing devices are suitable for electrically conducting systems while capacitance sensing is suitable for electrically insulating systems. Inductance sensing devices are useful for detecting components that generate eddy currents or affect magnetic permeability. All three types of systems may be used for multiphase systems if the phases meet the appropriate electrical conditions. Capacitance imaging shows promise for real time evaluation of gas-solid, liquid-liquid, and liquid-solid process streams. Besides dynamic systems, it may also find use in the non-destructive evaluation of ceramic, plastic and composite materials and in the inspection of non-conducting containers.
On twin density and resistivity of nanometric Cu thin films

Crystal orientation mapping in the transmission electron microscope was used to quantify the twin boundary length fraction per unit area for five Ta38Si14N48/SiO2 encapsulated Cu films with thicknesses in the range of 26–111 nm. The length fraction was found to be higher for a given twin-excluded grain size for these films compared with previously investigated SiO2 and Ta/SiO2 encapsulated films. The quantification of the twin length fraction per unit area allowed the contribution of the twin boundaries to the size effect resistivity to be assessed. It is shown that the increased resistivity of the Ta38Si14N48 encapsulated Cu films compared with the SiO2 and Ta/SiO2 encapsulated films is not a result of increased surface scattering, but it is a result of the increase in the density of twin boundaries. With twin boundaries included in the determination of grain size as a mean-intercept length, the resistivity data are well described by 2-parameter Matthiessen's rule summation of the Fuchs-Sondheimer and Ma...
A binary probit model to analyze freight transportation decision-maker perspectives for container shipping on the Northern Sea Route

The predicted decrease of ice presence in the Arctic Ocean may allow commercial container shipping to use the Northern Sea Route (NSR) throughout the year starting by 2050. This paper conducts a stated preference survey of freight transportation decision-makers in East Asia and Europe to understand their perspectives towards the use of the NSR to ship cargo. A binary probit model is used to investigate the correlation between the operational and behavioral characteristics of freight transportation decision-makers and their attitudes towards maritime freight carriers operating through the NSR. The survey results suggest that a significant percentage of users will not use the NSR, at least during the initial period of operations, if the NSR is considered for container transportation between East Asia and Europe. Some perceptible differences were observed between the responses of forwarding companies, and freight transportation decision-makers from other industries, with forwarding companies less likely to use the NSR if their current carriers offer it as an alternative. Freight transportation decision-makers with large volumes, having shipments from East Asian countries but not to them, and/or ship chemical commodities, were found to be less likely to use the NSR.
Survey of the birds of a lowland-forest plot in the east sepik district, papua new Guinea

A six-week survey of the birds on a 15-hectare plot of lowland primary forest in north-western Papua New Guinea was conducted m September-November 1974. A list of ninety-nine species with the habitat and relative abundance of each species represents the preliminary results of this investigation.
Software Rejuvenation Strategy Based on Components

Since Component-Based Software Development technology has been widely used, traditional software rejuvenation strategy seems too rough on solving Component-Software aging, the whole system will be regenerated even only a few components aging, which leads to high cost of software rejuvenation and reduces the stability of the system. Therefore, we propose a component-based software rejuvenation strategy and we make components be the objects of rejuvenation. The aging components will be rejuvenated when software ages. In this paper, the process of judging software aging and software rejuvenation are described, then we propose the methods of judging software aging, determining the sequence that the aging components to be rejuvenated and rejuvenating components. Finally, an experiment is done to certify the efficiency of the strategy.
From Form to Meaning and to Concept

We propose a way of connecting the form of a sentence to its meaning and then to its concept. Meaning is the pure, authentic, and unadorned semantic interpretation of form, and concept is meaning adorned by social needs and cultural values in a particular speech community. To frame this view, we borrow the Interface Theory proposed by Chomsky. In that theory, a grammar has three major components: (1) The Computational System, (2) The Conceptual System, and (3) The Sensory-motor System. For a sentence x, the computational system creates a syntactic form f(x), gives it a semantic content, sem(x), then sends it to the conceptual system, to adorn it as a concept, con(x), which the sensory-motor system then processes as a phonetic form, p(x). With this procedure of interface, we can derive a language-specific sentence from its universal origin.