cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contextual Determinants of Condom Use Among Female Sex Exchangers in East Harlem, NYC: An Event Analysis

Recent studies have revealed a variety of contexts involving HIV risk behaviors among women who exchange sex for money or drugs. Event analysis was used to identify the individual, relationship, and contextual factors that contribute to these high-risk sex exchange practices. Analyses were conducted on data obtained from 155 drug-using women who reported details of their most recent sex exchange event with male clients. The majority of sex exchange encounters (78%) involved consistent condom use. In multivariable analysis, protective behavior was associated primarily with situational and relationship variables, such as exchange location, substance use, sexual practices, and respondent/client discussion and control. In order to inform HIV prevention programs targeted to women sex exchangers, further research is needed on the contextual determinants of risk, especially with regard to condom-use negotiation and factors involving substance use that adversely affect women's ability to manage protective behavior in the context of sex exchange.
An assessment of chromosomal alterations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and p16 expression in sporadic and primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated cholangiocarcinomas

The objective of this study was to assess and compare the chromosome abnormalities present in sporadic and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)-associated cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) and biliary dysplasias. Histologic sections from 22 patients with CCA (16 sporadic and 6 PSC associated), 5 of whom had associated dysplasia, and 2 PSC patients with biliary dysplasia alone were assessed for chromosomal alterations with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH involved the use of a multiprobe set consisting of centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and a locus-specific probe for 9p21. The number of signals for each of these probes was enumerated in 50 nonoverlapping interphase nuclei, and the percentage of nuclei containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more signals was recorded for each probe. p16 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Gain of at least 1 chromosome was identified in 19 of 22 (86%) invasive tumors and in 4 of 7 (57%) biliary dysplasias. Gain of 2 or more chromosomes (polysomy) was observed in 17 of 22 (77%) invasive tumors and in 3 of 7 (43%) biliary dysplasias. Homozygous loss of 9p21 was identified in 11 of 22 (50%) invasive tumors and in 3 of 7 (43%) biliary dysplasias. The patterns of chromosomal abnormalities detected by FISH in PSC-associated and sporadic CCAs were similar. Nine of 13 (69%) invasive tumors and 2 of 5 (40%) biliary dysplasias with complete loss of p16 expression by immunohistochemistry showed allelic loss of 9p21 by FISH. Polysomy and homozygous 9p21 deletion are common in both sporadic and PSC-associated CCAs and are frequently detectable in PSC-associated biliary dysplasia.
Source Tracking Aerosols Released from Land-Applied Class B Biosolids during High-Wind Events

DNA-based microbial source tracking (MST) methods were developed and used to specifically and sensitively track the unintended aerosolization of land-applied, anaerobically digested sewage sludge (biosolids) during high-wind events. Culture and phylogenetic analyses of bulk biosolids provided a basis for the development of three different MST methods. They included (i) culture- and 16S rRNA gene-based identification of Clostridium bifermentans, (ii) direct PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for an uncultured bacterium of the class Chloroflexi that is commonly present in anaerobically digested biosolids, and (iii) direct PCR amplification of a 16S rRNA gene of the phylum Euryarchaeota coupled with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism to distinguish terminal fragments that are unique to biosolid-specific microorganisms. Each method was first validated with a broad group of bulk biosolids and soil samples to confirm the target's exclusive presence in biosolids and absence in soils. Positive responses were observed in 100% of bulk biosolid samples and in less than 11% of the bulk soils tested. Next, a sampling campaign was conducted in which all three methods were applied to aerosol samples taken upwind and downwind of fields that had recently been land applied with biosolids. When average wind speeds were greater than 5 m/s, source tracking results confirmed the presence of biosolids in 56% of the downwind samples versus 3% of the upwind samples. During these high-wind events, the biosolid concentration in downwind aerosols was between 0.1 and 2 microg/m3. The application of DNA-based source tracking to aerosol samples has confirmed that wind is a possible mechanism for the aerosolization and off-site transport of land-applied biosolids.
Towards load balancing support for I/O-intensive parallel jobs in a cluster of workstations

While previous CPU- or memory-centric load balancing schemes are capable of achieving the effective usage of global CPU and memory resources in a cluster system, the cluster exhibits significant performance drop under I/O-intensive workload conditions due to the imbalance of I/O load. To tackle this problem, we have developed two simple yet effective I/O-aware load-balancing schemes, which make it possible to balance I/O load by assigning I/O intensive sequential and parallel jobs to nodes with light I/O loads. Moreover, the proposed schemes judiciously take into account both CPU and memory load sharing in the cluster, thereby maintaining a high performance for a wide spectrum of workload. Using a set of real I/O-intensive parallel applications in addition to synthetic parallel jobs, we show that the proposed schemes consistently outperform the existing non-I/O aware load-balancing schemes for a diverse set of workload conditions. Importantly, the performance improvement becomes much more pronounced when the applications are I/O-intensive.
SIRTF: the fourth great observatory

The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) will explore the birth and evolution of the Universe with unprecedented sensitivity. SIRTF will be the first mission to combine the high sensitivity achievable from a cryogenic space telescope with the imaging and spectroscopic power of the new generation of infrared detector arrays. The scientific capabilities of this combination are so great that SIRTF was designated the highest priority major mission for all of U.S. astronomy in the 1990s. The astronomical community will use SIRTF to explore the infrared universe with a depth and precision complementary to that achieved by NASA's other great observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), and the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) in their respective spectral bands. The launch of SIRTF in 2001 will permit contemporaneous observations with HST to study forefront problems of astrophysics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the SIRTF program -- the science, the mission design, the facility, the instruments, and the implementation approach. Emphasis is placed on those features of the program including the use of a solar (heliocentric) orbit and the adoption of a novel warm-launch cryogenic architecture -- which will allow us to realize the great scientific potential of SIRTF in a resource- constrained environment.
Alias: Lying to the police and pathological criminal behavior

The use of aliases has been shown to be associated with antisocial behavior, but the empirical research on this topic is modest. The current study employs a multiple analytical approach to explore the association between aliases and career criminality in two large samples of adult offenders. We hypothesized that the use of aliases would not only be strongly associated with arrest history but this singular behavior would accurately classify a large proportion of habitual criminals. Results show that alias usage is robustly associated with career arrests net the effects of arrest onset, age, and sex in negative binomial regression models and was an excellent classifier (AUC ¼ .82) of habitual criminality. Implications of the findings for forensic and criminal justice practitioners are offered.
STRESS PROTEIN EXPRESSION KINETICS

In all organisms there is an elevated synthesis of a select family of “stress proteins” in response to a broad array of environmentally driven stress vectors including elevated or depressed temperature, changes in pH, treatment with many classes of chemicals, ischemia, desiccation, and UV irradiation. The presence of stress proteins, often termed heat shock proteins (HSPs), has been recognized for more than four decades, and there is an extensive literature that addresses the structure and properties of HSPs, their function in normal and injured cells and tissues, and the molecular mechanisms of HSP expression in response to stress. Owing to this substantial aggregate of research, there is a growing appreciation of the potential for manipulating the magnitude and timing of elevated HSP expression to achieve targeted therapeutic objectives. The successful realization of this potential requires an understanding of the kinetics of the HSP expression process in response to sublethal stress regimens along with the ability to model the governing events in the process to design practical protocols that could be applied in therapeutic settings. Significant progress has been made in recent years in defining and developing capabilities in these two areas.
Implications of the ESVEM trial for use of antiarrhythmic drugs that prolong cardiac repolarization

Abstract In both the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) and the Electrophysiologic Study Versus Electrocardiographs Monitoring (ESVEM) trial, class I antiarrhythmic drugs did not appear to perform well, although in the latter trial the class III agent sotalol performed better than 6 class I agents. The results have led some to conclude that class III drugs are now preferred for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. However, there are a number of reasons why such a conclusion may not be fully justified on the basis of these 2 trials. The data do suggest a need for a critical appraisal and reorientation of drug therapy of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
Identification of ZBP-89 as a Novel GATA-1-Associated Transcription Factor Involved in Megakaryocytic and Erythroid Development

A complete understanding of the transcriptional regulation of developmental lineages requires that all relevant factors be identified. Here, we have taken a proteomic approach to identify novel proteins associated with GATA-1, a lineage-restricted zinc finger transcription factor required for terminal erythroid and megakaryocytic maturation. We identify the Kruppel-type zinc finger transcription factor ZBP-89 as being a component of multiprotein complexes involving GATA-1 and its essential cofactor Friend of GATA-1 (FOG-1). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that GATA-1 and ZBP-89 cooccupy cis-regulatory elements of certain erythroid and megakaryocyte-specific genes, including an enhancer of the GATA-1 gene itself. Loss-of-function studies in zebrafish and mice demonstrate an in vivo requirement for ZBP-89 in megakaryopoiesis and definitive erythropoiesis but not primitive erythropoiesis, phenocopying aspects of FOG-1- and GATA-1-deficient animals. These findings identify ZBP-89 as being a novel transcription factor involved in erythroid and megakaryocytic development and suggest that it serves a cooperative function with GATA-1 and/or FOG-1 in a developmental stage-specific manner.
A Monte Carlo simulation of the eddy accumulation method for measuring scalar fluxes

Abstract A numerical simulation of the eddy accumulation technique for measuring scalar fluxes has been devised using pseudo-random number pairs generated by computer. Input information is the joint probability density function of the vertical velocity and the scalar concentration at a point. Computer generated pseudo-random pairs which obey this density prescription are then subjected to a Monte Carlo manipulation to obtain estimates of scalar flux by both a direct eddy-correlation calculation and a technique which numerically simulates one model of eddy-accumulation. Sources of error in the eddy-accumulation method are investigated quantitatively by comparing the predicted scalar flux from the eddy-correlation method with predictions of the scalar flux using eddy-accumulation obtained with a variety of error scenarios.
Discordant response to therapy assessed by F18 FDG PET in a stage IV gastro-esophageal cancer. Can FDG PET detect clone resistance?

1055 Learning Objectives 1. Understanding the utility of F18 FDG PET in assessing response to therapy. 2. Exploring the role of F18 FDG PET to modulate treatment. 3. Understanding new molecular targets and resistance to novel biological agents. 4. Understanding how molecular imaging can improve outcomes by detecting novel biological agents resistance. F18 FDG PET is used daily in staging, restaging and assessing treatment response in various cancers, including gastroesophageal cancer. Various PET radioisotopes have been developed to map specific molecular targets and receptors in the body. However FDG has not been explored in evaluating molecular and biological behavior between different tumoral clones, e.g., primary vs. metastasis or metastasis vs. metastasis, either in initial staging or in the post-treatment phase. We describe the case of a 40 year old male with stage IV gastroespohageal adenocarcinoma with liver and nodal metastatases. FISH analysis for HER 2 status revealed discordance between the primary esophageal tumor (HER2 positive) and a liver metastasis (HER 2 negative). He was treated initially with FOLFOX and bevacizumab. A follow-up FDG PET scan after two cycles revealed a complete resolution of FDG uptake in liver metastases and lymph node metastases, but no change in FDG avidity of the primary esophageal tumor. At 6 months after 12 cycles of FOLFOX and bevacizumab, the patient developed progression of disease at the primary site as well as new peritoneal implants, with on-going disease stability in the liver and nodal metastases, necessitating a change in therapy. FDG PET may be helpful to modulate treatment and to assess discordant response to treatment. FDG could be used in evaluating molecular and biological behavior between different tumor clones - primary vs. metastasis or metastasis vs. metastasis and discordant response to therapy assessed by FDG PET may prompt further molecular investigations. Studies on a large number of patients are required
Design of Prestressed Composite Steel Structures

Design and construction problems of statically determinate prestressed composite structures (concrete slab and steel beams); properties of materials and different construction methods are discussed, including approximate and more exact methods for determination of prestress loss; elastic and plastic design methods are derived.
Light Source Requirements for Picture Projection

The light sources available for motion picture projection are discussed in relation to their performance characteristics and their application to existing equipment and conditions of service. The optical systems used with the sources, the usable size and shape of the source, the brightness and light output of the filament, and ventilation are discussed.
Thermoelectric Effects Across Solid-Liquid Gallium Interface

A novel technique is described for directly measuring the Seebeck coefficient across the solid-liquid interface of gallium as a function of temperature and crystallographic orientation. The results are compared with those calculated from the absolute thermoelectric power of solid and liquid gallium. The temperature ranges for the measurements were 248 to 302K for solid gallium, and 278 to 353K for the liquid; the liquid was supercooled up to 25K. The effect of crystal orientation on the thermoelectric power of gallium single crystals grown along the a, b, and c axes was investigated. The anisotropy of the thermoelectric power is discussed based on the electronic properties of gallium.
Application of Software Control Systems in Car-Type Annealing Furnace

On the basis of the technology regime o f the car-type annealing furnace, the L1 and L2control systems are developed. The incremental PID arithmetic is used in the L1 control system, and the ternary model considered the thermocouple is used for key model in the L2 control model. The heat processes for each stage are simulated by the model, and the temperature fields for the ternary heat sources are solved. Meanwhile, the time from warming stage to heat preservation stage is considered by the model,and the stability for the control system is obtained in the transient process.
Evaluation on Implementation Effect of Global Fund Tuberculosis Control Project five years and Next Year in Changfeng County

Objective To analysis and evaluate implementation effect of the first round(2003-2007)and next year(2008) global fund tuberculosis control project in t Changfeng County,and provide basis for controlling tuberculosis still better.Methods According to request of implementation plan of global fund tuberculosis project round 1 formulated by Anhui provincial health department,quarter statements and checks were collected for analysis.Results The case detection rate of new smear-positive tuberculosis patients had been risen from 70.29% in previously 5 years to 87.71% in 2008.The rate of sputum from positive to negative for new smear-positive tuberculosis patients after two months had been risen from 83.99% in previously 5 years to 91.48% in 2008;after three months from 87.85% to 94.23%.The cure rate of new smear-positive had been risen from 85.04% in previously 5 years to 87.91% in 2008.Conclusions The tuberculosis control project in Changfeng has already achieved positive results.The discovery and cure rates of new smear-positive tuberculosis patients have been increased,which are contributed by the administrative intervention,promotion of tuberculosis prevention and the implementation of DOTS strategies.
The 2013 F. M. Becket Summer Research Fellowship — Summary Report: Bilirubin Oxidase-based Cathode for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Applications: The Effects of Bacterial/Pollutants' Presence on Enzyme Stability

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising bioelectrochemical systems with the potential for treating organic compounds and simultaneously generating electricity.1 MFCs have been intensively studied in the last decades, but performances remain still low. One of the reasons is that the cathodes are directly exposed to the aqueous solution containing bacteria and various chemical compounds, which leads to cathode flooding and poisoning, and finally lowers the current output. In contrast, enzymes (e.g., laccase and bilirubin oxidase2) are capable of catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and have been used as cathodic catalysts showing high open circuit potential (OCP), very low overpotentials, and high activity, especially in the range where MFCs work3. However, the main problem with enzymatic cathodes is long-term stability. In this report, we extensively characterize the trends of OCP, current density achieved at 0.25V and the polarization behavior of bilirubin oxidase (BOx) based cathode over a period of 12 days.
New York State Public Health System Response to Hurricane Sandy: An Analysis of Emergency Reports.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing Hurricane Sandy emergency reports to assess the New York State (NYS) public health system response will help inform and improve future disaster preparedness and response. METHODS: Qualitative analysis of NYS Department of Health (NYSDOH) and Nassau and Suffolk County local health department (LHD) emergency reports was conducted. Three after-action reports and 48 situation reports were reviewed, grouped by key words and sorted into 16 Public Health Preparedness Capabilities. Within each capability, key words were labeled as strengths, challenges, or recommendations. RESULTS: The NYSDOH capability most cited as a strength was successful emergency operations coordination, eg, interagency conference calls (27.4% of 1681 strengths). The most cited challenge was environmental health protection, eg, mold and oil spills (28% of 706 challenges). The LHD capability most cited both as a strength (46.7% of 30 strengths) and as a challenge (32.5% of 123 challenges) was emergency operations coordination. Strengths were exemplified by sharing local resources and challenges by insufficient memorandums of understanding for coordination. CONCLUSIONS: Post-disaster emergency reports should be systematically reviewed to highlight both successes and areas for improvement. Future studies should prioritize collecting feedback from a wider spectrum of public health and service provider staff for planning of preparedness and response activities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-6). Language: en
Neurochemical Aspects of Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurochemical aspects of neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases / , Neurochemical aspects of neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
A PGC1α-mediated transcriptional axis suppresses melanoma metastasis

Melanoma is the deadliest form of commonly encountered skin cancer because of its rapid progression towards metastasis. Although metabolic reprogramming is tightly associated with tumour progression, the effect of metabolic regulatory circuits on metastatic processes is poorly understood. PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, protects against oxidative stress and reprograms melanoma metabolism to influence drug sensitivity and survival. Here, we provide data indicating that PGC1α suppresses melanoma metastasis, acting through a pathway distinct from that of its bioenergetic functions. Elevated PGC1α expression inversely correlates with vertical growth in human melanoma specimens. PGC1α silencing makes poorly metastatic melanoma cells highly invasive and, conversely, PGC1α reconstitution suppresses metastasis. Within populations of melanoma cells, there is a marked heterogeneity in PGC1α levels, which predicts their inherent high or low metastatic capacity. Mechanistically, PGC1α directly increases transcription of ID2, which in turn binds to and inactivates the transcription factor TCF4. Inactive TCF4 causes downregulation of metastasis-related genes, including integrins that are known to influence invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of BRAFV600E using vemurafenib, independently of its cytostatic effects, suppresses metastasis by acting on the PGC1α-ID2-TCF4-integrin axis. Together, our findings reveal that PGC1α maintains mitochondrial energetic metabolism and suppresses metastasis through direct regulation of parallel acting transcriptional programs. Consequently, components of these circuits define new therapeutic opportunities that may help to curb melanoma metastasis.
Poly(ε-caprolactone) Dendrimer Cross-Linked via Metal-Free Click Chemistry: Injectable Hydrophobic Platform for Tissue Engineering

The fabrication of injectable self-cross-linkable hyperbranched poly(e-caprolactone) (hyPCL) formulation using metal-free click chemistry was reported. The cross-linking between hyPCL32-(1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (hyPCL32-BCN) and hyPCL32-azide (hyPCL32-N3) components was proceeded via strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) click reaction. Cross-linking was tested to proceed effectively with the exclusion of any toxic cross-linking agents. Strong mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility were demonstrated for the cross-linked substrates. These newly synthesized dendrimers may have broad applications in tissue engineering such as bone defect repair. In addition, the introduction of metal-free click chemistry to hydrophobic polymers provides an attractive new strategy for developing injectable stiff polymer formulations besides hydrogels for biomedical applications.
Respiratory rehabilitation improved exercise tolerance and quality of life

Source Citation Goldstein RS, Gort EH, Stubbing D, Avendano MA, Guyatt GH. Randomised controlled trial of respiratory rehabilitation. Lancet. 1994 Nov 19; 344:1394-7.
THE INFLUENCE OF SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS ON THE DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS FOR WATERFRONT STRUCTURES IN THE GREAT LAKES AREA

The purpose of this paper is to describe subsurface conditions beneath the principal waterfront areas in the Great Lakes region and to discuss certain foundation problems associated with waterfront structures in this locality.
A Jitter Cancellation Circuit for High Speed I/O Interfaces

A novel Jitter Cancellation Circuit (JCC) that reduces deterministic clock jitter induced by supply noise is designed. High Speed IO interface circuits require low deterministic clock jitter in order to meet the timing budget. Supply noise is a primary contributor of deterministic jitter. As data rates are scaling to higher frequencies, the acceptable jitter due to supply noise is decreasing. For a CMOS Inverter, the clock delay decreases when the instantaneous supply voltage increases leading to positive clock jitter. This jitter compensation circuit introduces negative jitter on the clock distribution path which means an instantaneous increase in supply voltage leads to an increase in delay so that the positive jitter can be cancelled out. The JCC provides programmable controls to tune the amount of jitter cancellation and also provides Process, Voltage and Temperature (PVT) tracking jitter cancellation mode so that there is higher cancellation in process corners (Slow Silicon, lower supply voltage) that are more susceptible to noise. With the jitter cancellation circuit, there is 5× clock jitter reduction with only 0.15% power head. This is implemented on latest deep-submicron digital process.
Prey Capture Behavior in Nine Species of Venomous Snakes

Prey capture was studied in nine species of venomous snakes. Rodent-specializing rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus, C. enyo, C. ruber, and C. viridis) usually delivered a single envenomating strike when mice wandered into range. The rodent was typically released immediately after the strike and was allowed to wander freely while venom took effect. Lizard-eating rattlesnakes (C. lepidus and C. pricei) also attacked mice, but these snakes delivered multiple strikes during predatory episodes. Cobras (Naja mossambica pallida) delivered multiple strikes and they tended to hold rodents in their jaws after each strike, releasing the.prey only when it exhibited retaliatory biting. These interspecific differences were interpreted as reflecting systematic variation in predatory tactics exhibited by these species in their respective natural environments.
DeepPep: Deep proteome inference from peptide profiles

Protein inference, the identification of the protein set that is the origin of a given peptide profile, is a fundamental challenge in proteomics. We present DeepPep, a deep-convolutional neural network framework that predicts the protein set from a proteomics mixture, given the sequence universe of possible proteins and a target peptide profile. In its core, DeepPep quantifies the change in probabilistic score of peptide-spectrum matches in the presence or absence of a specific protein, hence selecting as candidate proteins with the largest impact to the peptide profile. Application of the method across datasets argues for its competitive predictive ability (AUC of 0.80±0.18, AUPR of 0.84±0.28) in inferring proteins without need of peptide detectability on which the most competitive methods rely. We find that the convolutional neural network architecture outperforms the traditional artificial neural network architectures without convolution layers in protein inference. We expect that similar deep learning architectures that allow learning nonlinear patterns can be further extended to problems in metagenome profiling and cell type inference. The source code of DeepPep and the benchmark datasets used in this study are available at https://deeppep.github.io/DeepPep/.
SEC’s 2010 Release on Climate Change: Shifting from Voluntary to Mandatory Climate Change Disclosure

Although the United States Congress has not federally mandated climate change policies, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has instituted climate change disclosure policies. As part of th...
Structure-function relationships of calcium antagonists: Effect on oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein☆

Abstract Human low density lipoprotein (LDL) incubated with active Ca2+ antagonists from three different chemical groups, 1,4-dihydropyridines that are of reduced activity as Ca2+ antagonists, vitamin E, and probucol, was more resistant than control to copper- or human monocyte-induced oxidation, as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content, degradation by J774 macrophages, and relative electrophoretic mobility on agarose gel. In the copper-induced oxidation system, the drugs tested reduced the TBARS levels of LDL in a concentration-dependent manner. The order of potency was vitamin E > felodipine > 2-chloro analog of nifedipine > nifedipine > amlodipine, nitrendipine, verapamil > diltiazem. In agreement with the results of the TBARS assay, felodipine (25 μM) was also the most effective calcium antagonist in the degradation assay, inducing a significant (P
Spatial regression with an informatively missing covariate: Application to mapping fine particulate matter: Spatial Regression with an Informatively-Missing Covariate

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has established a large network of stations to monitor fine particulate matter of
Marketing a Library Science Program: Personalization with Purpose

After a complete overhaul of the library science and instructional technology curriculum, faculty members worked with the university’s marketing team to develop a campaign to attract undergraduate students to the library science program. The “Some Librarians…” campaign was designed to showcase the diverse interests and personal stories of current students and recent graduates of the program. Advertisements for the program were targeted to individuals on Facebook during two six-week campaigns using information gathered from student focus groups comprised of students and faculty. Both campaigns exceeded industry benchmarks in terms of click through rates, indicating success both in terms of content and placement of the advertisements.
Vladimir Iowa Lenin, Part 2: On Rural Proletarianization and an Alternate Food Future

In the second of our two-part review of Vladimir Lenin’s 1917 study of American agriculture, we extrapolate upon Alexander Chayanov’s neoliberal appropriation, Giovanni Arrighi’s treatment of parti...
Primary Mortgage Market Development in Emerging Markets – Is the Central and Eastern Europe Experience Replicable in Sub-Saharan Africa?

The provision of more and better housing remains a long-standing policy problem in the transition from central planning to market economies in the early 1990s in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Central Asia. Broad financial sector reform and favourable economic development supported the introduction of mortgage products, the development of keen competition and the emergence of various instruments or models to fund the increasing demand for home purchases. The region responded to this challenge through different financing mechanisms such as the covered mortgage bond, contractual savings schemes or the securitisation of mortgages. With this experience in mind, this chapter explores whether models, techniques and mechanisms of housing finance developed in CEE offer lessons and useful adaptations for emerging markets, such as in Africa. This chapter was originally prepared before the outbreak of the global financial crisis (the crisis). Although most of the findings of this paper refer to the period before the crisis, they have been reviewed to consider their relevance in light of the effects of the crisis. Whereas most markets in CEE collapsed due to high exposure to foreign currency mortgages and loose lending standards, markets in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have remained relatively stable (with the exception of South Africa) reflecting in sulated smaller and simpler markets which had only weak links to international capital markets.
Computational Information Retrieval

The main goal of this note is to introduce the notion of collection dependent “same context words”. Two (or more) words are the “same context words” if they occur in the same (or similar) context across a given text collection. Each word w in the collection is associated with a profile P(w). The profile P(w) is the set of words occurring in sentences that contain w. We introduce a distance function in the set profiles, and use it to cluster words. Words contained in the same cluster are “same context words”. We select “same context words” for several text collections, and briefly discuss further possible applications of the introduced concepts to a number of information retrieval related problems.
Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Penicillopepsin. 3. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of an Inhibitor Bridged between P2 and P1‘

Through application of a thorough design and modeling protocol, the macrocyclic peptidyl phosphonate 5 was derived from the bound structure of an acyclic inhibitor of penicillopepsin, 4, by linking the P1‘ and P2 side chains; the acyclic analogues 6 and 7 were also synthesized and evaluated for comparison. As observed for a related set of inhibitors, 1−3 [Meyer, J. H.; Bartlett, P. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, xxxx], the binding affinity at pH 4.5 was found to be inversely related to the degree of conformational flexibility across the series, 7 (Ki = 1300 nM), 6 (Ki = 42 nM), and 5 (Ki = 0.10 nM), although the differences are much greater. The structure of the macrocyclic ring of 5 in solution was determined by a combined NMR and molecular modeling method and found to correspond closely to the designed structure and to the backbone conformation of the original target, 4. The binding enhancement conveyed by the macrocyclic constraint corresponds to 0.9−1.4 kcal/mol/deg of rotational freedom lost, indica...
New Approaches in the Treatment of AML and MDS

Despite recent advances in the genetics, biology, and diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemias (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), clinical management of patients with both disorders still remains unsatisfactory. After start of treatment, the majority of patients temporarily achieve complete remission. However, between 10% and 20% of patients die during induction therapy, and 70% of patients who achieve complete remission eventually relapse. The incidence of long-term survivors in AML is about 20% for all patients and less than 5% after relapse (Champlin 1987).
Composition-Dependent Apparent Activation-Energy and Sluggish Grain-Growth in High Entropy Alloys

Experimental results reveal that the apparent activation-energy for grain-growth in an fcc-based AlxCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) system increases from 179 to 486 kJ/mol when the Al content inc...
Immunotherapy for Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis: Progress and Future Directions.

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare genetic multisystem disease characterized by the nodular proliferation of smooth muscle-like LAM cells, progressive cystic changes of the lung, lymphatic abnormalities, and renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs). LAM can arise sporadically or in women with the autosomal dominant disorder, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), in which hamartomatous tumors of brain, heart, skin, kidney, and lung are found. LAM and TSC are caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes leading to elevated mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex activity. Recent data indicate that T cells within LAM nodules and renal AMLs exhibit features of T-cell exhaustion, with coinhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression on tumor-infiltrating T cells. Treatment of animal models of TSC and LAM with anti-PD-1 antibodies or with the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies has led to remarkable results, suppressing TSC2-null tumor growth and inducing tumor rejection. Here we review our current knowledge about the potential for immunotherapy for the treatment of LAM and TSC and highlight critical unknowns and key next steps.
Clinical Outcomes Following the Use of Archived Proviral HIV-1 DNA Genotype to Guide Antiretroviral Therapy Adjustment.

Background Evidence regarding the safety of using proviral HIV-1 DNA genotype (DNA GT) to guide antiretroviral therapy (ART) is limited. We hypothesized that HIV RNA would not increase following ART adjustment guided by DNA GT in a university HIV clinic. Methods Data were obtained from electronic medical records of adult persons living with HIV-1 (PWH) who underwent DNA GT testing and changed ART between October 2014 and November 2017. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of ART switch on HIV RNA over time. Results Eighty-three PWH had DNA GT performed, 66 (80%) switched ART, and 59 had postswitch follow-up. Data were analyzed pre-/postswitch for these 59 PWH (median age, 54 years; 71% LWH ≥10 years; 46% ≥2 previous regimens; 36% recent low-level viremia; 34% unknown medication history). On DNA GT, 58% had ≥1-class ART resistance, 34% ≥2-class, and 10% 3-class. Median follow-up (range) was 337 (34-647) days. There was no change in probability of HIV RNA ≥50 copies/mL over time (P > .05). At baseline, 76% had HIV RNA <50 vs 88% at last postswitch follow-up (P = .092). Protease inhibitor use decreased from 58% to 24% (P < .001). Average daily pills and dosing frequency decreased from 3.48 to 2.05 (P < .001) and 1.39 to 1.09 (P < .001), respectively; ART cost did not change. Conclusions DNA GT facilitated changes in ART in a treatment-experienced population without increases in HIV RNA. Decreased pill burden occurred without increased ART cost. Further studies to identify optimal use of DNA GT are needed.
Pericyte Bridges in Homeostasis and Hyperglycemia

Diabetic retinopathy is a potentially blinding eye disease that threatens the vision of one-ninth of patients with diabetes. Progression of the disease has long been attributed to an initial dropout of pericytes that enwrap the retinal microvasculature. Revealed through retinal vascular digests, a subsequent increase in basement membrane bridges was also observed. Using cell-specific markers, we demonstrate that pericytes rather than endothelial cells colocalize with these bridges. We show that the density of bridges transiently increases with elevation of Ang-2, PDGF-BB, and blood glucose; is rapidly reversed on a timescale of days; and is often associated with a pericyte cell body located off vessel. Cell-specific knockout of KLF4 in pericytes fully replicates this phenotype. In vivo imaging of limbal vessels demonstrates pericyte migration off vessel, with rapid pericyte filopodial-like process formation between adjacent vessels. Accounting for off-vessel and on-vessel pericytes, we observed no pericyte loss relative to nondiabetic control retina. These findings reveal the possibility that pericyte perturbations in location and process formation may play a role in the development of pathological vascular remodeling in diabetic retinopathy.
Assessing Older Adult Wellness: An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Lifestyle Survey.

Background and purpose To measure wellness interventions, researchers need valid and reliable tools to measure the concept of wellness. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the Lifestyle Survey instrument. Methods Community-dwelling older adults were recruited and asked to evaluate the reliability by engaging in a test retest reliability. Observer agreement was measured by calculating a kappa score for each item. Content validity was evaluated with a focus group session. Results (n = 56) older adults completed the survey on time one and time two. Of 115 items, 77.39% demonstrated moderate or higher kappa agreement. Focus group respondents identified rewording a few items. Conclusion With refinement, the Lifestyle Survey is a valid and reliable measure of wellness among community-dwelling older adults.
Price Impact in a Latent Order Book

The latent order book of [Donier et al., 2015, A fully consistent, minimal model for nonlinear market impact, Quantitative Finance 15(7), 1109–1121] is one of the most promising agent-based models ...
Ameliorating COVID-19's Disproportionate Impact on Black and Hispanic Communities: Proposed Policy Initiatives for the United States.

The COVID-19 epidemic has shone a bright light on structural racism in US society and on the inadequacies of a health care system that has significantly disadvantaged racial and ethnic minorities while giving preference to white Americans. Research and disease surveillance have documented the disproportionate impact of the virus on the Black and Hispanic communities. Confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths are disproportionately higher in communities in which these groups predominate. According to data from the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people of color are three times more likely to become infected with the coronavirus. The COVID Racial Data Tracker, an initiative that compiles data from state and local authorities, also indicates that Black people with the virus die at nearly 2.5 times the rate of white people, and Hispanic, American Indian, and Alaskan Native die at about 1.3 times the rate.
The Audit Research Summary Database: A Free Resource Connecting Practice with Academia

The Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association has developed the freely available Audit Research Summary (ARS) Database, which contains executive summaries of approximately 700 auditing research studies that have been published since 2005. The summaries are organized topically, key-word searchable, and written to facilitate quick and easy consumption, avoiding academic jargon and statistical analyses. The database is intended to disseminate research findings to key audit stakeholders in a timely manner and to foster a productive dialog about issues facing the profession, and allows professionals to connect directly with academic researchers, providing professionals with an opportunity to influence and inform the academic research agenda so that future research can address these issues.
Nasal screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus does not reduce surgical site infection after primary lumbar fusion

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT Preoperative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) testing and decolonization has demonstrated success for arthroplasty patients in surgical site infections (SSIs) prevention. Spine surgery, however, has seen varied results. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nasal MRSA testing and operative debridement rates on surgical site infection after primary lumbar fusion. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cohort study and/or Consolidated medical enterprise PATIENT SAMPLE Adult patients undergoing primary instrumented lumbar fusions from January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was incision and drainage performed in the operating room within 90 days of surgery. METHODS MRSA testing RESULTS The study included 1,884 patients for analysis, with mean age of 63.1 (SE 0.3) and BMI 29.5 (SE 0.1). MRSA testing was performed in 755 patients (40.1%) and was more likely to be performed in patients with lower Elixhauser index scores (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p=.021) on multivariable analysis. Vancomycin use increased significantly over time (OR 1.49 and/or year, 95% CI 1.3–1.8, p CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates no impact on surgical I&D rates from the use of preoperative MRSA testing. Increased BMI and transfusions were associated with operative I&D rates for surgical site infection. As a result of the hospital directive, vancomycin use increased over time with no associated change in infection rates, underscoring the need for focused interventions, and engagement with antibiotic stewardship programs.
How to ensure fidelity in implementing an evidence based teen pregnancy prevention curriculum

Abstract Introduction This paper describes implementation results as part of a larger three-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial that compared two curriculum interventions to prevent teen pregnancy with a control condition. The intervention of focus is an enhanced version of Reducing the Risk to Prevent Pregnancy, STD and HIV ( Kirby et al., 1991 , Langley et al., 2015 ), which is a comprehensive sex education program appropriate for youth ages 14–19. Method In order to standardize the delivery of this teen pregnancy prevention education curriculum to high-risk youth across 39 presentations, in 23 different community-based organizations, by dyads involving 16 facilitators, researchers utilized two implementation frameworks to guide program delivery and developed several fidelity measurement tools to assess adherence, dosage, quality of intervention delivery, participant responsiveness, and program differentiation. Results These efforts resulted in high fidelity to the curriculum. There also were high levels of youth engagement as indicated both by self-reports and observed by facilitators who created cohesive groups. Results also found that training quality, alliance with facilitators and group cohesion positively impacted attitude change and gains in knowledge. Discussion Issues related to balancing adherence to evidence-based curricula and being responsive to youth needs are discussed.
Do Stock Prices Fully Reflect Information in Dividends about Future Earnings

We investigate (1) whether investors' earnings expectations include dividend information that is incremental to information in earnings components and (2) whether investors correctly weight the incremental information reflected in dividends. We find that both dividends and dividend changes are related to future earnings after controlling for earnings-component information, and that the market's earnings-expectation model reflects the incremental dividend information. However, we find that stock prices act as if investors overweight the incremental information in dividends and dividend changes in forming earnings expectations. Consequently, we find predictable future stock returns related to dividends and dividend changes after controlling for the relation between future returns and earnings components.