cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Switched Systems via Composite Quadratic Functions

This paper investigates stabilization of switched systems by using a Lyapunov function composed of a family of continuously differentiable functions. Switching laws are constructed by using the directional derivatives along the trajectories of the subsystems. Conditions for stabilization are established with careful consideration of sliding modes and directional derivatives along sliding modes. Three types of composite quadratic Lyapunov functions, the max of quadratics, the min of quadratics and the convex hull of quadratics are used for deriving matrix conditions of stabilization and for constructing switching laws. Dual stabilization results are established with respect to the pair of conjugate Lyapunov functions: the max of quadratics and the convex hull of quadratics. Conditions of stabilization are derived as bilinear matrix inequalities and solved with LMI-based numerical tools. Relationship between the newly derived conditions and some existing conditions are investigated. It is observed that the min of quadratics, which is nondifferentiable and nonconvex, may be a more convenient tool than the other two types of functions which are convex and/or differentiable. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the synthesis results and the advantage of the composite quadratic functions over existing multiple Lyapunov functions. In particular, better results have been obtained when the number of quadratic functions is greater than the number of subsystems.
The Influence of Social Media Investment on Relational Outcomes: A Relationship Marketing Perspective

Given that the majority of businesses are using social media as a marketing tool, this article investigates whethersocial media actually contributes to building and maintaining relationships with consumers. Specifically, socialmedia is conceptualized as a part of relationship investment, and tested for its influence on satisfaction, loyaltyand word of mouth behaviors through the mediator of relationship quality. Results indicate that social mediafollowers perceive higher levels of relationship investment, report higher perceptions of relationship quality, andhave higher levels of customer satisfaction, loyalty and positive word of mouth intentions with the organizationthan do non-followers. Taken together, these findings indicate that social media does seem to influence keyrelationship marketing variables that lead to more relational consumers.
Contesting the Word: The Crown and the Printing Press in Colonial Spanish America

Abstract This article has two principal objectives. Firstly, it seeks to offer an overview of printed works in sixteenth-century Mexico, including a discussion of a variety of religious and didactic texts, as well as an account of the intellectual vigour reflected in the publication of scientific, juridical, philosophical, and historical writings, and even printed ephemera. Secondly, it seeks to identify the socio-political factors that shaped the history of the Western book in Spanish America, paying particular attention to the Crown's conflicts with the Franciscan order and the Spanish settlers. The article argues that while the printing press was instrumental for the Spanish Crown's governance of its Spanish and Amerindian subjects, this new information technology also presented potential challenges to Royal sovereignty, which elicited censorship.
Effect of Adriamycin and Analogs on the Nuclear Fluorescence of Propidium Iodide-stained Cells

Adriamycin (ADR) and N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate, respectively, inhibit and enhance the nuclear fluorescence of cells stained with propidium iodide for DNA per cell estimation by flow cytometry. In cells incubated with ADR, the reduction in fluorescence is gradually manifested due to the slow intracellular drug transport. In contrast the effect of N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate on propidium iodide nuclear fluorescence is seen within 5 min of incubation. The effect of ADR on propidium iodide nuclear fluorescence could be detected in vivo even after 24 hr of ADR administration.
Novel arterial pathology in mice and humans hemizygous for elastin

Obstructive vascular disease is an important health problem in the industrialized world. Through a series of molecular genetic studies, we demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations in one elastin allele cause an inherited obstructive arterial disease, supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). To define the mechanism of elastin's effect, we generated mice hemizygous for the elastin gene (ELN +/-). Although ELN mRNA and protein were reduced by 50% in ELN +/- mice, arterial compliance at physiologic pressures was nearly normal. This discrepancy was explained by a paradoxical increase of 35% in the number of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle in ELN +/- arteries. Examination of humans with ELN hemizygosity revealed a 2. 5-fold increase in elastic lamellae and smooth muscle. Thus, ELN hemizygosity in mice and humans induces a compensatory increase in the number of rings of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle during arterial development. Humans are exquisitely sensitive to reduced ELN expression, developing profound arterial thickening and markedly increased risk of obstructive vascular disease.
Repellency of two terpenoid compounds isolated from Callicarpa americana (Lamiaceae) against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks.

Callicarpenal (13, 14, 15, 16-tetranor-3-cleroden-12-al) and intermedeol ((4S,5S,7R,10S)-eudesm-11-en-4-ol), isolated from American beautyberry, Callicarpa americana (Lamiaceae), were evaluated in laboratory bioassays for repellent activity against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, and lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. A strip of organdy cloth treated with test solution was doubly wrapped (treatment on outer layer) around the middle phalanx of a fore- Wnger and ticks released on the Wngertip. Callicarpenal and intermedeol, at 155 nmole/cm 2 cloth repelled 98 and 96% of I. scapularis nymphs, respectively. Dose response tests with I. scapularis nymphs showed no diVerence in repellency among callicarpenal, intermedeol and Deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), however, SS220 ((1S,2S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide) was signiW- cantly more repellent than the other compounds. Callicarpenal, at 155 nmole/cm 2 cloth, repelled 100 and 53.3% of I. scapularis nymphs at 3 and 4 h, respectively, after the cloth was treated, whereas intermedeol repelled 72.5% of I. scapularis nymphs 3 h after treatment. In comparison with the results obtained with I. scapularis, callicarpenal, intermedeol, Deet and SS220 were less eVective against A. america- num. Only intermedeol and SS220 repelled signiWcantly more A. americanum than
A controlled study of community-based exercise training in patients with moderate COPD.

The effectiveness of clinic-based pulmonary rehabilitation in advanced COPD is well established, but few data exist for less severe patients treated in alternative settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a novel, community-based exercise program (CBE) was feasible and effective for patients with moderate COPD. Nineteen patients with moderate COPD (mean FEV1 62%) and self-reported exercise impairment were randomized to 12-weeks of progressive endurance and strength training at a local health club under the guidance of a certified personal trainer, or to continuation of unsupervised habitual physical activity. Outcomes assessed at baseline and 12 weeks included session compliance, intensity adherence, treadmill endurance time, muscle strength, dyspnea, and health status. Compliance was 94% and adherence was 83%. Comparisons between CBE and control groups yielded the following mean (SEM) differences in favor of CBE: endurance time 134 (74) seconds versus -59 (49) seconds (P = 0.041) and TDI 5.1 (0.8) versus -0.2 (0.5) (P < 0.001). The CBE group increased muscle strength (weight lifted) by 11.8 kilograms per subject per week of training (P < 0.001). SGRQ was not significantly changed. We demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel community-based exercise program involving health clubs and personal trainers for patients with moderate COPD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01985529 .
Preparation and Functional Assessment of Composite Chitosan-Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

Composite chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite microspheres and scaffolds prepared using a co-precipitation method have shown potential for use in bone regeneration. The goal of this research was to improve the functional properties of the composite scaffolds by modifying the fabrication parameters. The effects of degree of deacetylation (DDA), drying method, hydroxyapatite content and an acid wash on scaffold properties were investigated. Freeze-dried 61% DDA scaffolds degraded faster (3.5 ± 0.5% mass loss) than air-dried 61% DDA scaffolds and 80% DDA scaffolds, but had a lower compressive modulus of 0.12 ± 0.01 MPa. Air-dried 80% DDA scaffolds displayed the highest compressive modulus (3.79 ± 0.51 MPa) and these scaffolds were chosen as the best candidate for use in bone regeneration. Increasing the amount of hydroxyapatite in the air-dried 80% DDA scaffolds did not further increase the compressive modulus of the scaffolds. An acid wash procedure at pH 6.1 was found to increase the degradation of air-dried 80% DDA scaffolds from 1.3 ± 0.1% to 4.4 ± 0.4%. All of the formulations tested supported the proliferation of SAOS-2 cells.
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Encoding an Apparent Isoform of Phosphorylase Kinase Catalytic Subunit is Abundant in the Adult Testis

The complete amino acid sequence for a novel member of the protein kinase family was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cloned human cDNA. This putative protein kinase, given the preliminary designation “PSK-C3,” is similar in primary structure to phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit (PhK-γ) isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. The level of similarity does not appear sufficient, however, to suggest that PSK-C3 represents the human homolog of skeletal muscle PhK-γ. Rather, it seems likely that PSK-C3 is a novel PhK-γ isoform. From a crossspecies Northern hybridization experiment using adult rat tissue RNA, a transcript homologous to PSK-C3 was found to be abundant in the testis but could not be detected in any of 12 other tissues tested, including skeletal muscle, liver, and ovary. Increasing levels of PSK-C3 mRNA in the testis correlate with postnatal testicular development, suggesting possible hormonal regulation of gene transcription. Energy released by glycogeneolysis in the testis may help f...
Pacific campaign of the Schooner Askoy—Darien, Colombia, Ecuador

This contribution is primarily an exhibit of kodachrome motion-picture film, and an accompanying narrative, rather than a report on scientific results. Under the leadership of the speaker, and with the aid of funds subscribed by twelve of his friends, the American Museum of Natural History operated the chartered Diesel schooner Askoy in the northwestern oceanic bight of South America, that is, between the Gulf of Panama and western Ecuador, during the months of February to May, 1941.
Evaluating Clay Microfabric Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Digital Information Processing

Several aspects related to the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of clay microfabric are presented. A digital image processing technique called "intensity gradient analysis" is used in evaluating clay micro-fabric from scanning electron micrographs. Details are given of three computer programs (histogram.c, average.c and ellipse.c) that provide for the quantitative analysis of the orientation of clay particles. The important aspects related to sample and surface preparation, digital image acquisition, and analysis are explained. Two natural clays, Pennsylvanian fire clay and Pleistocene varved glacial lake clay, considered in the analysis show well-defined preferred and random fabric. The polar histograms of the intensity gradient analysis for the two clays are compared at varying magnifications, and conclusions were drawn. The output data was conveniently reduced to a few parameters that indicate the strength and magnitude of a given orientation. The concept of fabric index is used to quantitativel...
The lattice of completely regular semigroup varieties

A completely regular semigroup is a semigroup which is a union of groups. The class CR of completely regular semigroups forms a variety. On the lattice L (CR) of completely regular semigroup varieties we define two closure operations which induce complete congruences. The consideration of a third complete congruence on L (CR) yields a subdirect decomposition of L (CR). Using these results we show that L (CR) is arguesian. This confirms the (tacit) conjecture that L (CR) is modular.
Ground control point requirements for structure-from-motion derived topography in low-slope coastal environments

Vegetated coastal dunes grow as a result of feedbacks between vegetation and sand transport. Observing the coevolution of vegetation and the sand surface is therefore critical for unraveling the dynamics of coastal dune growth. Capturing synchronous topography and photography at high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency using traditional techniques (airplane-based aerial photography, LiDAR) is expensive and timeconsuming. Structure-from-Motion combined with Multiview-Stereo, a photogrammetry workflow that uses low-cost, consumer-grade equipment, is an economical alternative to traditional collection methods. This workflow still requires the definition of ground control points (GCPs) — locations with known coordinates — to develop accurate digital surface models. In this contribution we address how the number of GCPs used impacts the accuracy of digital surface models. We flew a 9-foot single-line delta kite attached to a consumer-grade camera to photograph the beach and dune of Hog Island, VA, a site that contains 178 high precision GCPs over an area of ~0.025 km 2 (as part of an ongoing field experiment). We then processed the 318 photographs using Agisoft Photoscan and compared the elevation accuracy of digital surface models rendered using SfM, with varying GCPs, to points surveyed by a total station. Our results suggest that there is ‘diminishing returns’ when greater than 10 GCPs are used. Results from this study can be used to inform future Structure-from-Motion studies using UAVs or kites in flat, lowsloping coastal environments.
Presenilin-1 regulates induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1α: altered activation by a mutation associated with familial Alzheimer's disease

Background Mutations in presenilin-1 (Psen1) cause familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Both hypoxia and ischemia have been implicated in the pathological cascade that leads to amyloid deposition in AD. Here we investigated whether Psen1 might regulate hypoxic responses by modulating induction of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α).
Non-linear dynamical analyses of transient surface temperature fluctuations during subcooled pool boiling on a horizontal disk

Abstract The class of dynamics in pool boiling on a large-size heater is assessed under subcooled pool boiling conditions. Transient surface temperature measurements are obtained using surface micro-machined K-type thin film thermocouples (TFT) in 10 °C subcooled pool boiling experiments on a 62.23 mm diameter silicon wafer using PF-5060 as the test liquid. Surface temperature data is obtained at each steady state condition to generate the boiling curve. The fraction of false-nearest neighbors, recurrence plots and space–time separation plots are obtained using the TISEAN package. The correlation dimension is then estimated from the re-constructed phase space data using a naive algorithm. The correlation dimension varies from ∼11.2 to 11.5 near onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), to ∼7–10 in fully developed nucleate boiling (FDNB) ∼7–9 near critical heat flux (CHF) condition, and from ∼6.6 to 7.7 in film boiling. False-nearest neighbor estimates and recurrence plots show that nucleate boiling may be dominated by statistical processes near ONB and in partial nucleate boiling (PNB). In contrast, FDNB, CHF and film boiling seem chaotic and governed by deterministic processes.
Profiling interrupt handler performance through kernel instrumentation

As a result of technology trends towards multigigahertz processors, the I/O system is becoming a critical bottleneck for many applications. Interrupts are a major aspect of most device drivers. Characterizing interrupt performance and its relation to architectural trends is important for understanding and improving I/O subsystem performance. Kernel instrumentation in combination with performance counters is able to overcome the limitations of microbenchmarks when measuring interrupts. A comparative analysis of a range of IA-32 based systems reveals that interrupt handler code exhibits only a low degree of instruction-level parallelism. Consequently, the trend towards deeper processor pipelines and smaller caches to maximize clock frequency can be detrimental to interrupt handling performance.
Quadruped gait learning using cyclic genetic algorithms

Generating walking gaits for legged robots is a challenging task. Gait generation with proper leg coordination involves a series of actions that are continually repeated to create sustained movement. In this paper we present the use of a Cyclic Genetic Algorithm (CGA) to learn gaits for a quadruped servo-robot with three degrees of movement per leg. An actual robot was used to generate a simulation model of the movement and states of the robot. The CGA used the robot's unique features and capabilities to develop gaits specific for that particular robot. Tests done in simulation show the success of the CGA in evolving a reasonable control program and preliminary tests on the robot show that the resultant control program produces a suitable gait.
Mitigating soft error failures for multimedia applications by selective data protection

With advances in process technology, soft errors(SE)are becoming an increasingly critical design concern. Due to their large area and high density, caches are worst hit by soft errors. Although Error Correction Code based mechanisms protect the data in caches, they have high performance and power overheads. Since multimedia applications are increasingly being used in mission-critical embedded systems where both reliability and energy are a major concern, there is a de?nite need to improve reliability in embedded systems, without too much energy overhead. We observe that while a soft error in multimedia data may only result in a minor loss in QoS, a soft error in avariable that controls the execution ?ow of the program may be fatal. Consequently, we propose to partition the data space into failure critical and failure non-critical data, and provide a high-degree of soft error protection only to the failure critical data in Horizontally Partitioned Caches. Experimental results demonstrate that our selective data protection can achieve the failure rate close to that of a soft error protected cache system, while retaining the performance and energy consumption similar to those of a traditional cache system, with some degradation in QoS. For example, for conventional con?guration as in IntelXScale, our approach achieves the same failure rate, while improving performance by 28% and reducing energy consumption by 29%in comparison with a soft error protected cache.
Cutaneous phototoxic occurrences in patients receiving Photofrin

Incidence of cutaneous phototoxic reactions induced by intravenous injection of Photofrin polyporphyrin was assessed in a series of 180 patients (266 injections) undergoing photodynamic therapy (PDT) at Roswell Park Cancer Institute during the period 1986-1989. In addition to the usual verbal questions regarding phototoxic reactions solicited at follow-up, forty-two patients in this group also responded to a written questionnaire designed to solicit answers to specific questions. Photofrin doses ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg. Overall, 20-40% of patients reported some type of phototoxic response.
Reaction–diffusion processes at the nano- and microscales

The bottom-up fabrication of nano- and microscale structures from primary building blocks (molecules, colloidal particles) has made remarkable progress over the past two decades, but most research has focused on structural aspects, leaving our understanding of the dynamic and spatiotemporal aspects at a relatively primitive stage. In this Review, we draw inspiration from living cells to argue that it is now time to move beyond the generation of structures and explore dynamic processes at the nanoscale. We first introduce nanoscale self-assembly, self-organization and reaction-diffusion processes as essential features of cells. Then, we highlight recent progress towards designing and controlling these fundamental features of life in abiological systems. Specifically, we discuss examples of reaction-diffusion processes that lead to such outcomes as self-assembly, self-organization, unique nanostructures, chemical waves and dynamic order to illustrate their ubiquity within a unifying context of dynamic oscillations and energy dissipation. Finally, we suggest future directions for research on reaction-diffusion processes at the nano- and microscales that we find hold particular promise for a new understanding of science at the nanoscale and the development of new kinds of nanotechnologies for chemical transport, chemical communication and integration with living systems.
Models for Reliability of Fine-Pitch BGAs and CSPs in Shock and Drop Impact

Drop-induced failures are most dominant in portable electronic products. In this study, explicit finite element models have been used to study the transient dynamics of printed circuit boards during drop from 6 ft. Methodologies for modeling components using smeared property formulations have been investigated. Reduced integration element formulations examined include – shell and solid elements. Model predictions have been validated with experimental data. Results show that models with smeared properties can predict transient-dynamic response of board assemblies in drop-impact, fairly accurately. High-speed data acquisition system has been used to capture in-situ strain, continuity and acceleration data in excess of 1 million samples per second. Ultra high-speed video at 40,000 fps per second has been used to capture the deformation kinematics. Component types examined include – plastic ball-grid arrays, tape-array BGA, QFN, and C2BGA. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data. Impact of experimental error sources on model correlation with experiments also has been investigated.© 2004 ASME
Development of Ice Accretion Model Using Modular Approach

In an attempt to improve the prediction tool for ice accretion on aircraft wing surfaces and wind turbine blades, this paper presents a development of numerical modules derived from various sources. The overall package combines features from a CFD module developed at Mississippi State University, a particle collection module derived from the LEWICE code that was developed in the NASA Glenn Research Center, and the densification ice accretion module based on that of the authors. A grid deformation routine is developed to allow the update of the grid coordinates as a result of ice formation on airfoil surface without regenerating the entire grids. A correlation for the local heat transfer coefficient is developed from a separate study of the temperature profile around an airfoil. This correlation is used in the ice accretion module as a boundary condition. The correlation is used instead of simultaneously solving the energy equation in the CFD module in order to speed up the solution process. The test results for a typical airfoil are presented. Although the results are two-dimensional at this stage, the method can be easily extended to a three-dimensional application. Discussions are given in details to the definitions of input parameters, theories, iteration scheme, and accuracy estimation.
Impact of early gut microbiota on immune and metabolic development and function

Microbial colonization of the infant intestine occurs in the first two years of life. Symbiotic host and microbe interactions are critical for host metabolic and immune development. Emerging evidence indicates that early microbiota colonization may influence the occurrence of metabolic and immune diseases. Further understanding of the importance of environmental factors, including fetal microbial exposure, diet, delivery mode, pre- and probiotic consumption, and antibiotic use on immune and metabolic programming will provide new opportunities for the development of therapeutic and prophylactic measures to improve infant health and reduce the risk of disease in post-infancy years.
Determination of eight synthetic colours in beverage by high performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction

Objective:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of eight synthetic colours by high performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction(SPE-HPLC)in beverage.Methods:The sample was extracted by quaternary ammonium column,determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Results:The method was good in linear relationship and the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.9999.The relative standard deviation was 1.1%～3.5%.The recovery rate was 88.5%～100.6%.Conclusion:This method is simple,fast and accurate for routine determination of beverage.
Systems that Teach: Medical Education and the Future Healthcare Workforce

Physician education has followed relatively rigid guidelines since the Flexner report of 1910. Medical education has been largely didactic with time-based progression and certifying exams, and with variable degrees of autonomy and supervision in graduate (post MD/DO degree) medical education programs. Innovative educational approaches now incorporate adult learning theories, encompass broader skill-sets, and utilize competency-based milestones rather than temporal based objectives to gauge progress. Human resource development (HRD) is more synergistic with evolving innovative medical education approaches than traditional approaches, and it can foster a healthy teaching system. In this article, we explore HRD strategies for medical education, including clinical simulation, workflow and educational redesign, and ongoing competency evaluation.
The Impact of Acculturation on Sport Motivation among Mexican-American Adolescent Athletes

Although sport psychology research has revealed differences in motivational orientation among athletes from various ethnic groups (Duda, 1985, 1986a; Whitehead, 1986), no work has addressed the impact of within-group variation in acculturation on motivational goal perspectives. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on data generated from young Mexican-American male (n = 83) and female (n = 80) athletes. Among males, the acculturation dimensions of media use (f3 = .265, P < .001) and ethnic social relations (f3 = .188, P < .001) significantly predicted a task goal perspective, explaining 32% of the variance, whereas increased ego involvement among female athletes was significantly predicted by language use (f3 = .336, P < .01) and ethnic social relations (f3 = -.259, P < .05) , accounting for 29% of the variance. 80th statistical and theoretical explanations are offered for the observed gender differences. These preliminary results suggest that acculturation differentially impacts how Mexican-American male and female athletes derive their perceptions of competence within the competitive sport setting.
Isoprene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Induces the Expression of Oxidative Stress Response Genes in Human Lung Cells

Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene in the presence of acidic sulfate aerosol leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that substantially contributes to the mass of outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The potential adverse health effects resulting from exposure to this PM type are largely unknown. Isoprene-derived epoxides, isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) and methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE), have recently been identified as key gaseous intermediates leading to isoprene SOA formation through acid-catalyzed multiphase chemistry. Altered expression of oxidative stress-associated genes was assessed from exposure to laboratory-generated IEPOX- and MAE-derived SOA in an in vitro model of human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Exposure to SOA filter extracts is associated with an increased level of expression of oxidative stress response genes in human lung cells under noncytotoxic conditions, with MAE-derived SOA extracts showing greater potency than IEPOX-derived SOA extracts. Our findings highlight the import...
What we have learned about the design of randomized trials in pregnancy.

Abstract For nearly 30 years the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network has been conducting randomized trials in pregnant women, many of which have changed clinical practice. Since 1986, the MFMU Network has conducted 29 randomized trials, of which the 17 trials started or completed since 2003 are described here. Study design choices are described including decisions regarding the fundamental questions to be answered and the rationale behind choices of primary and secondary outcomes. Some of the potential pitfalls, particularly relating to bias, that can affect the interpretation of trial results are described along with the mechanisms that the Network has used to avoid or minimize them.
Increased variability of the period duration for waveforms in Epochs of MEG data as a function of arousal state

In clinical evaluation of spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) or EEG time series data, the state of arousal is assigned of one of 5 NREM scores (awake, stages 1–4) based on visual examination if the data for the presence of specific waveforms and the general amplitudes and frequencies of these waveforms[1]. However, this method of quantifying the state of arousal is not linearly related to changes in the spectrum of the data and totally insensitive to small shifts of arousal state. These deficiencies required us to develop a new system to quantify changes of arousal for our long duration MEG studies. Our arousal measurement parameters are based on a spectrum of period duration versus power, generated by our DPA (dynamic period analysis) technique. DPA spectra are not complete spectra, such as produced by FFT methods. We found FFT spectra to be ill suited for quantifying arousal state because of large subject to subject spectral differences dominated arousal spectral change. In our DPA spectra, spectral differences between individuals are relatively small compared to spectral changes associated with the state of arousal. Further, a DPA spectrum for any state of arousal can be divided into a linear combination of just two unique DPA spectra. One of these unique spectra is identical to a typical awake DPA spectrum and the other we have been able to identify as the time averaged power spectrum of a highly random component of the MEG data which is only present during states of arousal other than awake. We established these two unique DPA spectra by applying a principal component analysis of a large set of DPA period spectra and obtaining the two unique principal component spectra[2]. During shifts from awake to stages 2, 3, and 4 arousal states the fraction of the awake principal component DPA spectrum is significantly decreased while the proportion of the drowsy/sleep principal component DPA spectrum increases from the zero amplitude awake value. We have found the drowsy/sleep principal component DPA spectrum to exhibit changes in amplitude and amplitude variability which make it especially useful for distinguishing fluctuations of the awake state from a transition state of arousal that signifies the onset of stage 2 sleep.
Effect of a curved fiber on the overall material stiffness

Abstract The effect of fiber curvature on the overall material stiffness of fiber-reinforced composites is discussed using the formalism of stiffness contribution tensor for the special case of a continuous sinusoidal fiber. Stiffness contribution tensors of individual sinusoidal fibers with different crimp ratios are presented for the first time. The tensors are calculated numerically using Finite Element Analysis and analytically by representing fibers as equivalent sets of ellipsoids following the procedure available in the literature for approximation of effective composite stiffness. It is demonstrated that the existing procedure results in large approximation errors in several components of the stiffness contribution tensors of the considered fibers. A modification to the procedure is proposed to improve the accuracy of the predictions. Replacement relations that interrelate stiffness contribution tensors of inhomogeneities having the same shape but different material properties are tested for the studied fiber geometries.
Safi Faye and Sarah maldoror: Cinécrivaines of African cinema

(2000). Safi Faye and Sarah maldoror: Cinecrivaines of African cinema. Sites: The Journal of Twentieth-Century/Contemporary French Studies revue d'etudes francais: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 453-469.
Role of 4-tert-Butylpyridine as a Hole Transport Layer Morphological Controller in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Hybrid organic–inorganic materials for high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaic devices have seen rapid progress since the introduction of lead based perovskites and solid-state hole transport layers. Although majority of the materials used for perovskite solar cells (PSC) are introduced from dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the presence of a perovskite capping layer as opposed to a single dye molecule (in DSSCs) changes the interactions between the various layers in perovskite solar cells. 4-tert-Butylpyridine (tBP), commonly used in PSCs, is assumed to function as a charge recombination inhibitor, similar to DSSCs. However, the presence of a perovskite capping layer calls for a re-evaluation of its function in PSCs. Using TEM (transmission electron microscopy), we first confirm the role of tBP as a HTL morphology controller in PSCs. Our observations suggest that tBP significantly improves the uniformity of the HTL and avoids accumulation of Li salt. We also study degradation pathways by using FTIR (Fou...
6. Retargeted Foamy Virus Vectors Integrate Less Frequently Near Proto-Oncogenes

Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy offers immense potential to treat many genetic diseases and has already shown efficacy in clinical trials. However, retroviral vector mediated gene dysregulation, known as genotoxicity, remains a major challenge and clinically relevant approaches to reduce integration near genes and proto-oncogenes are needed. The frequency at which a retroviral vector integrates near proto-oncogenes is a major factor in determining the safety of the vector. Here we describe a clinically relevant method to retarget foamy retroviral vector (FV) integration away from proto-oncogenes using modified Gag and Pol helper constructs. The chromatin binding site (CBS) of FV Gag was altered using a previously described triple alanine substitution mutation of RTY (Gag-RTY) shown to drastically reduce chromatin binding of the FV pre-integration complex. The modified FV Pol construct expresses chromobox protein homolog 1 fused to the C-terminus of integrase (CBX1-IN). CBX1 interacts with tri-methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me3) and is associated with gene sparse regions in the human genome. We hypothesized a modified FV expressing Gag-RTY and CBX1-IN would have an altered integration site profile and be retargeted to H3K9me3 regions and away from genes and proto-oncogenes. FV integration sites from modified and control FVs were compared in normal human fibroblasts and in CD34+ human cord blood cells. We observed retargeting of FV integration into H3K9me3 regions with the modified FV (Figure 1Figure 1). Importantly, retargeting FV integration significantly reduces the number of integration sites near proto-oncogene transcription start sites (Table 1Table 1). Retargeted FVs can be produced at clinically relevant titers (> 107 transducing units / ml), resulting in efficient transgene expression (75 % of control in CD34+ cells) with no evidence of vector silencing. Another published method to retarget lentiviral vector integration required using a modified cell line, which is not practical for clinical use. Our approach is cell line independent and the modified Gag and Pol helper constructs will allow an investigator to simply use these modified helper plasmids during vector production to retarget any therapeutic FV in any target cell. Retargeted FVs integrate less frequently near proto-oncogenes than gammaretroviral vectors and unmodified FVs, and may be the safest current option for hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy.Table 1Retargeted FV integrates further away from genes and proto-oncogenes than control FV.Percent of FV integration sites in human CD34*** cellsVectorTotal sitesIn RefSeq genes< 10 kb from TSS< 50 kb from proto-oncogene TSSControl FV421740.924.54.7Retargeted FV153430.6***12.5***2.2****statistically significant at p < 0.001 compared to control vector. FV, foamy retroviral vector; TSS, transcription start site.View Large Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Scripting Sexual Consent: Internalized Traditional Sexual Scripts and Sexual Consent Expectancies Among College Students

College students are at a relatively high risk for both sexual assault victimization and perpetration, and understanding sexual consent is imperative to reduce the incidence of sexual assault. Informed by the interactionist perspective of feminist theory, we surveyed 447 undergraduate students to identify factors associated with heterosexual college students' expectancies related to sexual consent. Women who believed in sexual stereotypes and endorsed music that degrades women were less likely than other women to expect to engage in healthy negotiation of sexual consent. Men who were confident that they could avoid perpetrating nonsexual, physical interpersonal violence were statistically more likely to report practicing healthy negotiation of sexual consent. These results indicate that it is important for practitioners to consider individuals' sexual stereotypes in the prevention of interpersonal sexual violence.
H2 evolution by a cobalt selenolate electrocatalyst and related mechanistic studies

[Co(bds)2][nBu4N] (where bds = 1,2-benzenediselenolate) was identified as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Mechanistic studies indicated that a black precipitate, which formed upon treating [Co(bds)2]− with acid, as well as the one-electron reduced species, [Co(bds)2]2−, were viable catalytic intermediates. We propose two kinetically-competent pathways for H2 evolution: EC and CE (E = electrochemical, C = chemical step).
Public Secrets, Militarization, and the Cultivation of Doubt: Kingston 2010

This chapter addresses the historical entanglements related to policing, militarization, and politics that created the conditions for the 2010 state of emergency in Kingston, Jamaica. To track these entanglements, I work backwards from narratives recorded with residents of Tivoli Gardens and from evidence given by community residents and members of the security forces during the West Kingston Commission of Enquiry. Arguing that these narratives form an archive of public secrets, I show how they illuminate the long histories of our militarized present. Moreover, I propose that the juxtaposition of community residents’ narratives with those elicited from police and soldiers produce the affective register of doubt, a register that characterizes the experience of neoliberal sovereignty.
On Dantzig figures from graded lexicographic orders

Abstract We construct two families of Dantzig figures, which are d -dimensional polytopes with 2 d facets and an antipodal vertex pair, from convex hulls of initial subsets for the graded lexicographic (grlex) and graded reverse lexicographic (grevlex) orders on Z ≥ 0 d . These two polytopes have the same number of vertices, O ( d 2 ) , and the same number of edges, O ( d 3 ) , but are not combinatorially equivalent. We provide an explicit description of the vertices and the facets for both families and describe their graphs along with analyzing their basic properties such as the radius, diameter, existence of Hamiltonian circuits, and chromatic number. Moreover, we also analyze the edge expansions of these graphs.
Learning Consensus Representation for Weak Style Classification

Style classification (e.g., Baroque and Gothic architecture style) is grabbing increasing attention in many fields such as fashion, architecture, and manga. Most existing methods focus on extracting discriminative features from local patches or patterns. However, the spread out phenomenon in style classification has not been recognized yet. It means that visually less representative images in a style class are usually very diverse and easily getting misclassified. We name them weak style images. Another issue when employing multiple visual features towards effective weak style classification is lack of consensus among different features. That is, weights for different visual features in the local patch should have been allocated similar values. To address these issues, we propose a Consensus Style Centralizing Auto-Encoder (CSCAE) for learning robust style features representation, especially for weak style classification. First, we propose a Style Centralizing Auto-Encoder (SCAE) which centralizes weak style features in a progressive way. Then, based on SCAE, we propose both the non-linear and linear version CSCAE which adaptively allocate weights for different features during the progressive centralization process. Consensus constraints are added based on the assumption that the weights of different features of the same patch should be similar. Specifically, the proposed linear counterpart of CSCAE motivated by the “shared weights” idea as well as group sparsity improves both efficacy and efficiency. For evaluations, we experiment extensively on fashion, manga and architecture style classification problems. In addition, we collect a new dataset—Online Shopping, for fashion style classification, which will be publicly available for vision based fashion style research. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the SCAE and CSCAE on both public and newly collected datasets when compared with the most recent state-of-the-art works.
MR imaging features of cuboid fractures in children

Cuboid fractures are rare, usually occult on initial radiographs and are often underdiagnosed. MRI is more sensitive than radiographs for detecting acute, non-displaced cuboid fractures in adults, but only case reports have described these findings in children. To summarize the MR and clinical features of cuboid fractures and compare MR findings with initial and follow-up radiographs in a cohort of children. A retrospective search for patients <18 years of age with cuboid fractures was performed during a 10-year period at a large tertiary children’s hospital. Subjects with cuboid fractures reported on MRI and available clinical history were included. MR images were evaluated for fracture location, fracture morphology, percentage of marrow edema in the cuboid, subchondral disruption, and associated tendon or ligamentous injury. Initial and short-term follow-up radiographs were also reviewed when available. Nineteen children ages 18 months to 17 years (mean: 9.0 years, standard deviation: 4.1 years, 63% boys) were diagnosed with cuboid fractures by MRI. Most cases of cuboid fractures are related to acute trauma (63%) but can be seen as stress fractures (16%). Most fractures (17/19, 89%) were linear in configuration. Fractures were most commonly adjacent to the tarsometatarsal joint (10/19, 52%). The degree of marrow edema was variable. Ligamentous injury was seen in two patients and tendon pathology was seen in one, all adolescents. Initial radiographs (n=10) were negative in 9 cases (90%). All available follow-up radiographs (n=12, obtained 19–42 days after MRI) demonstrated sclerosis in the region of the fracture. MR-depicted cuboid fractures in children typically occur in isolation. The fractures were most commonly adjacent to the tarsometatarsal joint and linear in morphology. Initial radiographs were usually normal and follow-up radiographs depicted sclerosis at the site of fracture in all available cases.
Leveraging genetics to enhance the efficacy of PTSD pharmacotherapies

Progress in PTSD pharmacotherapy has lagged far behind that of other major mental illnesses. Unfortunately, due to the enormous costs and lengthy process involved in bringing drugs to market, delivering new treatments to patients with PTSD in the near future will remain a challenge. However, by capitalizing on recent advances in the pharmacogenetics of antidepressants, precision psychiatry approaches can be leveraged to optimize the delivery of currently-available medications in a fraction of the time and cost required to develop novel therapeutics. This paper provides a review of the pharmacogenetics of the four serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) that are currently endorsed for the treatment of PTSD (paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine and venlafaxine). It focuses on genes involved in SRI pharmacokinetics (including the liver enzyme genes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 and blood-brain barrier-relevant gene ABCB1) as well as those implicated in both SRI pharmacodynamics and the pathophysiology of PTSD and related conditions (e.g., BDNF, FKBP5, HTR1A, HTR2A, TPH2). The review concludes with an overview of emerging commercial platforms for pharmacogenetic-guided prescription and a discussion of challenges and directions for future pharmacogenetic research on PTSD.
Limits, Adjoints, and Algebras

A list of topics in Chapter 5 would include bifunctors, representable functors, left and right adjoint functors, adjunction bijections and morphisms, adjoint pairs, forgetful functor, and free object functor, limits, compatible families of morphisms, directed class, direct and inverse limits, kernels, cokernels, equalizers, intersections, fiber products, or push-outs, images, inverse images, epic images, complete categories, normal objects and categories, balanced categories, locally small, exact categories, diagram chasing, the Noether isomorphism theorems for exact categories, limit preserving functors, right continuous functors, Freyd’s theorems, module valued adjoints, the tensor functor, flat modules, character modules, adjoints of faithful functors, PopescoGabriel theorem (second version), algebras over commutative rings, semigroup rings, and group rings, free algebras, commutative and noncommutative rings of polynomials.