cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Student Support Programs upon the Academic Success of Nontraditional Students

The profile of the typical college student attending a 4-year institution is changing. Trends indicate that while the population of traditional students, aged 18-22, remains flat or is declining, the population of nontraditional students, aged 24 and older, is increasing. As a result, nontraditional students have become the new traditional student population. Despite this shift in student demographics, many colleges and universities have been slow to respond to the changing needs of their student populations. Consequently, nontraditional students are forced to navigate an academic environment that is ill equipped to provide the unique support they need to achieve academic success. Previous studies have primarily focused on the academic success of nontraditional students in relation to student attrition and retention. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant relationship between the academic success of nontraditional students and the use of student support programs. Data from the 2011 National Survey of Engagement were used for the study. Results from this study indicate that there is a direct correlation between the use of student support programs and the academic success of nontraditional students; however, the relationship is weak. In addition, age and gender were found to influence some of the relationships between academic success and the use of student support programs. In contrast, race or ethnicity was not shown to influence the relationships between the variables of interest. Findings may help leaders in higher education to make more informed and strategic decisions regarding student support programs and resource allocation.
DNA content of human endometrial gland cells during the menstrual cycle.

Abstract Feulgen microspectrophotometric DNA measurements were made in 19 normal human endometria during the menstrual cycle, postmenopausally, and in early pregnancy; 1,450 gland cell nuclei and 370 lymphocytes were measured. A broad distribution of DNA values between the diploid and tetraploid DNA levels was found in the proliferative endometria, early secretory endometria, one hypersecretory endometrium of an early pregnancy, and one atrophic endometrium. A very restricted distribution around the modal diploid DNA value was seen in the late secretory endometrium. There were no DNA values falling significantly above or below the diploid to tetraploid range suggesting that aneuploidy does not occur to a major degree in the human endometrium. A consistent finding was a difference in DNA modal values between lymphocytes and gland cells ranging up to 20 per cent. The significance of this finding is not yet clear.
Computationally Efficient Analysis of SMA Sensory Particles Embedded in Complex Aerostructures Using a Substructure Approach

The Digital Twin concept represents an innovative method to monitor and predict the performance of an aircraft’s various subsystems. By creating ultra-realistic multi-physical computational models associated with each unique aircraft and combining them with known flight histories, operators could benefit from a real-time understanding of the vehicle’s current capabilities. One important facet of the Digital Twin program is the detection and monitoring of structural damage. Recently, a method to detect fatigue cracks using the transformation response of shape memory alloy (SMA) particles embedded in the aircraft structure has been proposed. By detecting changes in the mechanical and/or electromagnetic responses of embedded particles, operators could detect the onset of fatigue cracks in the vicinity of these particles. In this work, the development of a finite element model of an aircraft wing containing embedded SMA particles in key regions will be discussed. In particular, this model will feature a technique known as substructure analysis, which retains degrees of freedom at specified points key to scale transitions, greatly reducing computational cost. By using this technique to model an aircraft wing subjected to loading experienced during flight, we can simulate the response of these localized particles while also reducing computation time. This new model serves to demonstrate key aspects of this detection technique. Future work, including the determination of the material properties associated with these particles as well as exploring the positioning of these particles for optimal crack detection, is also discussed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Pituitary Tumors: Viewpoint—Surgery

Surgical approaches to the sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar space have evolved since their inception, with refinements in microscopic, endoscopic, and radiosurgical techniques. The gold standard for treating symptomatic nonsecreting and secreting pituitary adenomas with the exception of prolactinomas continues to be surgical resection. The goals of surgery are removal of the tumor with decompression of the optic apparatus, normalization of hormonal hypersecretion, and preservation of normal pituitary function. Before considering surgical intervention, control of preexisting medical conditions including endocrinologic abnormalities is of the essence. Also, in planning for surgery, anesthetic implications both mechanical and medical should be carefully considered. Tumor morphology and location and preexisting anatomic anomalies guide planning of the optimal surgical route. The transsphenoidal route with the assistance of a microscope or endoscope continues to be employed for most cases. The endoscope offers superior visual guidance for tumors extending from the sella and can be used as primary visual guidance or as an adjunct to a microscopic approach. Advancements in both microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery have allowed for innovative modifications to the standard approach with the introduction of the extended approach to access regions of the skull base that were once deemed inaccessible from below. The transcranial route, however, is still indispensable in cases with significant suprasellar and mesiotemporal extension. With recurrent lesions or lesions that invade the cavernous sinus, fractionated radiation therapy and radiosurgery are adjunctive treatment modalities.
High-Current Tunneling FETs With ( $1\bar {1}0$ ) Orientation and a Channel Heterojunction

We propose InAs/GaSb ultrathin-body tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) using confinement in the ( $1\bar {1}0$ ) plane and transport in the [110] direction to increase the tunneling probability by reducing the tunnel barrier energy and hole effective mass. To reduce the OFF-state leakage current, we add an InAs/In1– n Al n As1– n Sb n heterojunction to the channel, which increases the valence band barrier. The heterojunction also increases the tunneling probability and ON-current by reducing the tunneling distance through the p-n junction and introducing a resonant state. A fully atomistic non-equilibrium Green function quantum transport approach in NEMO5 is used to explore the design space. While choosing $10^{-3}$ A/m OFF-current ( $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ) and a 0.3 V power supply, we simulate 270 A/m ON-current ( $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ) for a 30-nm gate length and 170 A/m for a 15-nm gate length $(L_{g})$ , while a conventional 15-nm $L_{g_{_{_{}}}}$ GaSb/InAs TFET under (001) confinement shows only 24 A/m $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ .
Trends in use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy by racial/ethnic group and ER/PR status among patients with breast cancer: A SEER population-based study

Abstract Background While differences in CPM use between White and Black patients are well known, it is not clear whether CPM use differs by estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status of tumors and whether racial/ethnic differences in the use are affected by ER/PR status, which varies between racial groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CPM usage differs by racial/ethnic group and ER/PR status among patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Methods The study subjects were women with histologically confirmed unilateral breast cancer who underwent breast surgery between 1998 and 2011. Age-adjusted CPM use as a proportion of all surgically treated patients or all patients who had mastectomy was analyzed by racial/ethnic group, tumor behavior, and ER/PR status. Temporal trends in age-adjusted CPM use were presented by ER/PR status and racial/ethnic group. Results The analyses stratified by ER/PR status showed significant racial/ethnic differences in age-adjusted CPM use with non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients having the most and least CPM use. Age-adjusted CPM use was significantly higher for ER+/PR+ tumors than ER⿿/PR⿿ ones for each race/ethnicity group among patients with mastectomy. However, among patients with any breast surgeries, the only difference was a higher proportion of CPM use for ER⿿/PR⿿ tumors (8.6%) than ER+/PR+ tumors (8.0%) in non-Hispanic Whites. CPM use has increased over time in all racial/ethnic groups despite ER/PR status. Conclusion CPM usage was lower not only in non-Hispanic Blacks, but also in non-Hispanic API and Hispanic patients compared to non-Hispanic White patients. CPM usage tended to be higher for ER+/PR+ tumors, but the results varied when different denominators (all mastectomies vs. all breast surgeries) were used.
Influence of Diet on Intoxication with Phenol and Cyanide

The influence of diet on resistance to disease and to various intoxications has been recently reviewed.1,2 The role of the vitamins has been extensively studied, but relatively little attention has been paid to the proportions of protein, carbohydrate and fat in the diet. From available reports it would appear that in some conditions one of these foodstuffs possesses an advantage, and in other conditions another. Many of these studies are of doubtful value since the vitamin factor was inadequately controlled. The present work was undertaken to compare the effects of diets high in protein, carbohydrate or fat on certain intoxications for which a definite detoxication mechanism is known. This report deals with 2 such poisons—phenol, which is detoxicated in part as an ethereal sulfate and in part in combination with glycuronic acid, and cyanide, which is in part detoxicated by conversion into thiocyanate.Plan of Study Young rats from a mixed albino and hooded Norwegian colony, weighing 60 to 70 g, were place...
Thermophysical Study of Several Barbituric Acid Derivatives by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

The present study reports a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study of the barbituric acid derivatives: 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid [CAS 769-42-6], 5,5-dimethylbarbituric acid [CAS 24448-94-0], 1,3-diethylbarbituric acid [CAS 32479-73-5], 1,3,5-trimethylbarbituric acid [CAS 7358-61-4], 1,5,5-trimethylbarbituric acid [CAS 702-47-6], and tetramethylbarbituric acid [CAS 13566-66-0] in the temperature interval from T = 268 K to their respective melting temperatures. Temperatures, enthalpies and entropies of fusion, and the heat capacities of the solid compounds as a function of temperature are reported.
Challenges for Medicare at 50.

By accelerating adoption of provider-payment reforms in the traditional program and increasing competition under Medicare Advantage, Medicare could achieve better results and move the health care system toward higher quality and sustainable costs.
Development and Application of Syndromic Surveillance for Severe Weather Events Following Hurricane Sandy.

OBJECTIVE: Following Hurricane Superstorm Sandy, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) developed indicators to enhance syndromic surveillance for extreme weather events in EpiCenter, an online system that collects and analyzes real-time chief complaint emergency department (ED) data and classifies each visit by indicator or syndrome. METHODS: These severe weather indicators were finalized by using 2 steps: (1) key word inclusion by review of chief complaints from cases where diagnostic codes met selection criteria and (2) key word exclusion by evaluating cases with key words of interest that lacked selected diagnostic codes. RESULTS: Graphs compared 1-month, 3-month, and 1-year periods of 8 Hurricane Sandy-related severe weather event indicators against the same period in the following year. Spikes in overall ED visits were observed immediately after the hurricane for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, the 3 disrupted outpatient medical care indicators, asthma, and methadone-related substance use. Zip code level scan statistics indicated clusters of CO poisoning and increased medicine refill needs during the 2 weeks after Hurricane Sandy. CO poisoning clusters were identified in areas with power outages of 4 days or longer. CONCLUSIONS: This endeavor gave the NJDOH a clearer picture of the effects of Hurricane Sandy and yielded valuable state preparation information to monitor the effects of future severe weather events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 9). Language: en
Technical-Evaluation-Based Quality Control Requirements of AllCeramic Zirconia Tiles

Objective To investigate the security and effectiveness of all-ceramic zirconia tiles from the perspective of technical evaluation. Methods Based on the relevant standards and guidance documents in this fi eld from various countries and regions, the research was carried out focusing on the structure, principle, technical requirements, risk analysis and clinical trial of the all-ceramic zirconia tiles. Conclusion From the perspective of technical evaluation, the raw materials and production techniques of the all-ceramic zirconia tiles should be enhancedly controlled so as to ensure the security and effectiveness.
Clinical Features of Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Combined with Myocardial Damage in Children

Objective To explore the clinical features,incidence and prognosis of children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) combined with myocardial damage.Methods The children with severe HFMD treated in Intensive Care Unit of Hunan Provincial Children′s Hospital from Apr.to Jun.in 2010,were recruited and divided into the abnormal myocardial enzyme group,with their cardiac troponin-I(cTnI) elevated,MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB) elevated and cTnI,CK-MB both elevated;and the normal myocardial enzyme group.The data related to fever and clinical manifestations of nervous,respiratory and circulatory systems,and the laboratory examinations were summarized and analyzed.The differences were analyzed on the clinical manifestation and the laboratory examination between the 2 groups.Then the prognosis of HFMD with myocardial damage was analyzed.Results There were 247 cases(66.7%) with the abnormal myocardial enzymes out of 369 cases recruited with HFMD.Between the abnormal myocardial enzyme group and the normal myocardial enzymes group,there were significant differences in high fever,convulsion,limb weakness,altered consciousness,cranial nerve involvement,tachycar-dia,abnormal blood pressure,heart failure,capillary filling time being more than 3 seconds,tachypnea,respiratory rhythm abnormality,use of vasoactive drugs,C-reactive protein and serum lactate.At the same time,neurogenic pulmonary edema and pulmonary hemorrhage and death rate of the children with HFMD in abnormal myocardial enzyme group were significantly higher than those in normal myocardial enzyme group.Conclusions The children with HFMD have a high incidence of myocardial injury and are more vulnerable to involvement of the central nervous system.The elevated levels of myocardial enzymes,cardiac troponin,CRP,and serum lactate in children with HFMD suggest the occurrence of myocardial injury.The children with HFMD combined with myocardial damage are more severe,and their prognosis are much worse.
The Role of Consumer Acculturation in the Hispanic/Latino Panethnicity

Acculturation has become one of the most reliable constructs to understand consumption of a variety of ethnic groups. How culturally similar an immigrant is to its host or original culture is providing better power on predicting consumption. Previous empirical studies in marketing have not only tested scales to measure level of acculturation, but also used consumer acculturation concepts to capture beliefs, attitudes, and/or behavior (Alvarez et al. 2012).
The Politics of Field Destruction and the Survival of São Paulo’s Street Vendors

Drawing on recent developments in field theory, this article analyzes the struggle for survival of Sao Paulo’s street vendors in the face of a massive eviction campaign. I conceive of street vending as a social field divided into two unequal categories—licensed street vendors and unlicensed street vendors—and show that responses to the campaign varied along group lines. Unlicensed peddlers either abandoned the field or drew on local networks to continue peddling under harsher conditions, whereas licensed street vendors relied on well-established ties to actors in the political field. After these ties proved ineffective, licensed street vendors survived thanks to the intervention of a non-governmental organization (NGO) that activated the judicial field and mobilized the legal capital vested in the licenses. The linkage role performed by this actor with cross-field networks and expertise shows the strategic import of interfield relations, which replicate and reinforce the unequal distribution of assets inside the field. Sobre la base de la evolucion reciente de la teoria de campo, este trabajo analiza la lucha por la supervivencia de los vendedores ambulantes de Sao Paulo ante una campana masiva de desalojo. Concibo la venta ambulante como un campo social dividido en dos categorias desiguales—vendedores ambulantes con licencia y los vendedores ambulantes sin licencia—y demuestro que las respuestas a la campana varian a lo largo de las lineas del grupo. Vendedores ambulantes sin licencia o bien abandonaron el campo o utilizaron las redes locales para continuar la venta ambulante en las condiciones mas severas, mientras que los vendedores ambulantes con licencia se basaron en los lazos establecidos para los actores en otros campos. Despues de estos vinculos resultaron ineficaces, los vendedores ambulantes con licencia sobrevivieron gracias a la intervencion de una ONG que activo el campo judicial y movilizo a la capital legal conferida a sus licencias. El papel realizado por este actor con experiencia muestra la importancia estrategica de las relaciones inter-campo que reproduce y refuerza la desigual distribucion de los bienes en el interior del campo.
Extrapolation techniques in U-statistic variance estimation

ABSTRACTThis article considers the problem of variance estimation of a U-statistic. Following the proposal of a linearly extrapolated variance estimator in Wang and Chen (2015), we consider a second-order extrapolation technique and devise a variance estimator that is nearly second-order unbiased. Simulation studies confirm that the second-order extrapolated variance estimator has smaller bias than the linearly extrapolated variance estimator and the jackknife variance estimator across a wide selection of distributions. In addition, the proposal also yields a smaller mean squared error than its counterparts. In the end, we discuss the advantages of the proposed variance estimator in regression analysis and model selection.
Abstract 4059: Molecular role of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2 in the regulation of hepatic and pulmonary CYP1A1 expression in mice exposed to 3-Methycholanthrene

3-Methylcholanthrene (MC) is one of the most potent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) carcinogens known to date. PAHs are present in cigarette smoke, diesel exhausts, and charcoal broiled meats, etc. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A enzymes play key roles in the activation of PAHs to carcinogenic metabolites. In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that CYP1A2 plays a mechanistic role in the regulation of hepatic and pulmonary CYP1A1 by MC. Wild type (WT) (C57B6) and Cyp1a2_null mice were divided into two groups. Group I was treated with vehicle corn oil (CO) (8 ml/kg) and group II was treated with four doses of MC (100 μmol/kg), i.p. once daily for 4 days. Four animals from each group were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, 8 and 15 days after MC withdrawal. The mRNA levels, protein content and enzyme activities of CYP1A1 and 1A2 were determined at different time points. In addition, the binding of MC-AHR-AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) to the AHREs on the CYP1A1 promoter region was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in liver and lung tissues. In WT mice, ChIP experiments indicated that transcriptional activation of CYP1A1 was most pronounced at 6 h, followed by 12 h, but declined at later time points. In Cyp1a2_null mice, on the other hand, transcriptional activation of CYP1A1 persisted till 48 h. In lungs, AHR complex binding peak was observed at 12 h and declined later, but Cyp1a2 null mice showed more persistent binding till 48 h with a peak at 24 h. On the other hand, the expression of CYP1A1/1A2 at the mRNA, protein, and enzyme levels persisted for up to 48 h both in lung and liver tissues. These results suggest a mechanistic role for CYP1A2 in the molecular regulation of CYP1A1, and that transcriptional activation of CYP1A1 at 6-12 h is sufficient to result in sustained induction of CYP1A mRNA and protein expression for up to 48 h. These studies have important implications for carcinogenesis mediated by PAHs. Citation Format: Bhagavatula Moorthy, Paramahamsa Maturu, Lihua Wang, Weiwu Jiang. Molecular role of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2 in the regulation of hepatic and pulmonary CYP1A1 expression in mice exposed to 3-Methycholanthrene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4059.
Classroom Management Competencies for School Counselors: A Delphi Study:

The school counseling core curriculum is an essential element of a comprehensive program. School counselors need to be proficient in classroom management to successfully implement this intervention...
Evaluation of neonatal brain myelination using the T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI ratio

Purpose To validate the T1- and T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) MRI ratio technique in evaluating myelin in the neonatal brain. Materials and Methods T1w and T2w MR images of 10 term neonates with normal-appearing brain parenchyma were obtained from a single 1.5 Tesla MRI and retrospectively analyzed. T1w/T2w ratio images were created with a postprocessing pipeline and qualitatively compared with standard clinical sequences (T1w, T2w, and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]). Quantitative assessment was also performed to assess the ratio technique in detecting areas of known myelination (e.g., posterior limb of the internal capsule) and very low myelination (e.g., optic radiations) using linear regression analysis and the Michelson Contrast equation, a measure of luminance contrast intensity. Results The ratio image provided qualitative improvements in the ability to visualize regional variation in myelin content of neonates. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between the ratio intensity values and ADC values in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the optic radiations (R2 = 0.96 and P < 0.001). The Michelson Contrast equation showed that contrast differences between these two regions for the ratio images were 1.6 times higher than T1w, 2.6 times higher than T2w, and 1.8 times higher than ADC (all P < 0.001). Finally, the ratio improved visualization of the corticospinal tract, one of the earliest myelinated pathways. Conclusion The T1w/T2w ratio accentuates contrast between myelinated and less myelinated structures and may enhance our diagnostic ability to detect myelination patterns in the neonatal brain. Level of Evidence: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016
Brushless DC motor technology

The theory of brushless motors which operate from a DC power source is well known. The cost effective utilization of this motor in automotive applications, however, is just now being realized. Today's realization results from significant advancements in both motor technology and electronics control technology. The paper describes the basic theory and formidable design challenges presented by the brushless motor and the solid state inverter which makes it functional. Performance data from an automotive blower application is presented to show the merits of brushless motors relative to their conventional counterparts. It is shown that brushless motors indeed serve as an impressive complement to the broad spectrum of motor technology available for the optimum design of automotive systems.
Introduction: Christ, Non-rendering

The recent philosophical discussions around Jesus’s subjectivity keeps open a plurality of possibilities around his place in creating a foundation for cultural, political, ideological, and theorectical representation and use.
Pediatric Coccidioidomycosis: Case Series From a California Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic.

BACKGROUND Coccidioidomycosis is not as well described in the pediatric population as it is in the adult population. We describe clinical findings, diagnosis and management of coccidioidomycosis in 108 pediatric patients seen in an outpatient clinic in the California Central Valley, an area endemic for coccidioidomycosis. METHODS We reviewed medical records of a convenience sample of pediatric patients (≤17 years of age) diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis who visited an infectious diseases clinic in Madera, CA, during January 1 to October 1, 2012. We described demographic characteristics, symptoms, diagnostic testing, extent of infection (acute/pulmonary or disseminated), treatment and management. RESULTS Of 108 patients, 90 (83%) had acute/pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and 18 (17%) had disseminated disease. The median age at diagnosis was 9 years (range, 5 months to 17 years). Only 3 (3%) patients were immunocompromised. Before coccidioidomycosis diagnosis, 72 (82%) patients received antibiotics, and 31 (29%) had at least 1 negative coccidioidomycosis serology at the time of or before diagnosis. Coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed significantly later after symptom onset among patients with disseminated (median, 57 days) than with acute/pulmonary (median, 16 days) disease (p < 0.01). A total of 104 (96%) patients received antifungal therapy, 51 (47%) visited an emergency room and 59 (55%) were hospitalized with a median stay of 44 days (range, 1-272 days). CONCLUSIONS Substantial acute/pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis was seen among pediatric patients at this infectious disease clinic in California. In endemic areas, increased coccidioidomycosis awareness and vigilance among families and providers is necessary to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Timing of Thoracic Radiation Therapy With Chemotherapy in Limited-stage Small-cell Lung Cancer: Survey of US Radiation Oncologists on Current Practice Patterns.

Abstract Introduction For limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC), National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend that thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) be delivered concurrently with chemotherapy and early in the regimen, with cycle 1 or 2. Evidence is conflicting regarding the benefit of early timing of TRT. A Korean randomized trial did not see a survival difference between early (cycle 1) and late (cycle 3) TRT. Current United States (US) practice patterns are unknown. Materials and Methods We surveyed US radiation oncologists using an institutional review board-approved online questionnaire. Questions covered treatment recommendations, self-rated knowledge of trials, and demographics. Results We received 309 responses from radiation oncologists. Ninety-eight percent recommend concurrent chemoradiotherapy over sequential. Seventy-one percent recommend starting TRT in cycle 1 of chemotherapy, and 25% recommend starting in cycle 2. In actual practice, TRT is started most commonly in cycle 2 (48%) and cycle 1 (44%). One-half of respondents (54%) believe starting in cycle 1 improves survival compared with starting in cycle 3. Knowledge of the Korean trial was associated with flexibility in delaying TRT to cycle 2 or 3 (P = .02). Over one-third (38%) treat based on pre-chemotherapy volume. Conclusion US radiation oncologists strongly align with National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, which recommend early concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Nearly three-quarters of respondents prefer starting TRT with cycle 1 of chemotherapy. However, knowledge of a trial supporting a later start was associated with flexibility in delaying TRT. Treating based on pre-chemotherapy volume—endorsed by over one-third of respondents—may add unnecessary toxicity. This survey can inform development of future trials.
SPEECH PRODUCTION MECHANISMS IN APHASIA

ABSTRACT Two relatively well-established claims about normal speech production are that there is a functional independence between motor and premotor stages of organization, and that sound preferences in infant speech and in language inventories reflect constraints on the motor stage of output. An attempt was made to obtain further evidence for these claims, and to increase our understanding of aphasic speech by demonstrating functional independence between motor and premotor deficits in aphasic speech with the aid of data on sound preferences in aphasic errors. In statistical analysis of four existing corpora of aphasic consonant substitution errors, evidence for motor deficits in nonfluent aphasics (Broca's Aphasics or Speech Apractics) was found in the choice of nonpreferred consonants as targets of substitution errors and in the high frequency of devoicing errors. The only consonant preference effect found in fluent aphasics (Conduction and Wernicke's Aphasics), a tendency for high frequency consonants to intrude in substitution errors, was attributed to a confusion effect in lexical access. The conclusion that only nonfluent aphasics have a significant motor component in their speech errors is contrary to the view that different aphasic groups have common error patterns because of properties inherent in the linguistic code, but consistent with other evidence that nonfluent aphasics have motor deficits while fluent aphasics do not.
The Problem of Misplaced Control Limits

The paper draws on simple data analysis and time series ideas to assess the limitations of standard control chart procedures in various practical applications in which the underlying assumptions of control charts may be materially violated and, in consequence, the control limits may be misplaced. To give an idea of the kinds and frequency of violations that occur in practice, we summarize an empirical study of a sample of 235 quality control applications. This collection includes two data sets reported by leading statisticians that are explicitly discussed here to illustrate difficulties in the proper placement of control limits. The results of the study of all 235 data sets suggest that violations of assumptions are the rule rather than the exception in practice.
Nomenclatural adjustments in some European monocotyledons

New nomenclatural combinations are validated for fifteen taxa belonging to the generaDanthonia, Stipa, Lolium, Phippsia, Elymus, Schoenoplectus andAllium.
How behavioral and geographic heterogeneity affects economic and environmental benefits of efficient appliances

Abstract The economic and environmental benefits of efficiency are typically assessed assuming that all consumers use appliances in the same way. There are, however, significant differences in consumer usage patterns, as well as geographical variability in prices and environmental impacts of electricity. To explore the importance of heterogeneity, we first develop distributions of consumer-by-consumer economic benefits from purchasing an efficient versus standard appliance for televisions, clothes washers, and dryers in the U.S. We find large variability, e.g. for washers and dryers, 9% and 7.5% of the U.S. population do not save money over the lifetime of an efficient device, while 11% and 17% save more than twice that of an average consumer. Providing personalized savings information can thus inform and better motivate those consumers who would save more. Abatement costs for carbon and electricity use are similarly heterogenous as consumer economic benefits, indicating that adoption by heavy users is in the public as well as private interest. The cost of abating carbon via a utility appliance rebate program varies greatly by consumer. To scope the emission benefits of targeted adoption, we find that adoption by heavy users saves around 3 times more carbon than an average user for 10% participation in an efficiency program.
Repeated, within‐session resurgence

Resurgence is a reliable, transient effect that only occasionally is replicated more than once within a single experiment or subject. In the present experiments, within-session resurgence was generated repeatedly by dividing individual sessions into three phases (Training, Alternative-Reinforcement, and Resurgence-Test). In Experiments 1 and 2, resurgence reliably occurred in most of the 22-30 daily sessions when responding was reinforced on, respectively, fixed- and variable-interval schedules. Resurgence magnitude and duration did decrease across replications for some subjects, but not for others. To examine the utility of the procedure in studying the effects of an independent variable on resurgence, in Experiment 3 the effects of rich and lean baseline and alternative reinforcement rates on resurgence were compared. The target response was eliminated more rapidly, resurgence occurred more often, and usually was greater following rich alternative reinforcement rates. Resurgence was of greater magnitude when the baseline reinforcement rate was relatively lean compared to the alternative reinforcement rate. These experiments provide a reliable method for generating resurgence within individual sessions, instead of across multiple-session conditions, that can be repeated over many successive sessions.
The 6-O'clock Anchor Increases Labral Repair Strength in a Biomechanical Shoulder Instability Model.

Objectives:Despite a growing body of literature regarding optimal repair configurations, little is known about inferior suture anchor placement (6 o’clock position). Here, we determine the biomecha...
Lagrangian description of the unsteady flow induced by a single pulse of a jellyfish

Lagrangian statistics and pair dispersion induced by an isolated pulse of a small jellyfish are quantified with 3D particle tracking velocimetry. Lagrangian velocity shows more intense mixing in the radial direction and reveals three stages dominated by flow acceleration, mixing, and dissipation.
Sparse bounds on variational norms along monomial curves

Consider a monomial curve $\gamma:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and a family of truncated Hilbert transforms along $\gamma$, $\mathcal{H}^{\gamma}$. This paper addresses the possibility of the pointwise sparse domination of the $r$-variation of $\mathcal{H}^{\gamma}$ - namely, whether the following is true: \begin{equation*}V^{r}\circ\mathcal{H}^{\gamma}f(x)\lesssim \mathcal{S}f(x)\end{equation*} where $f$ is a nonnegative measurable function, $r>2$ and $\mathcal{S}f(x) = \sum_{Q\in\mathcal{Q}}\langle f\rangle_{Q,p}\chi_{Q}(x)$ for some $p$ and some sparse collection $\mathcal{Q}$ depending on $f,p$.
Breaking Down Barriers for Student Parents and Caregivers with Family-Friendly Library Spaces

In 2016, J. Murrey Atkins Library at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte opened a reservable study room where student parents and caregivers can study with their children on campus. In 20...
A kiss is not just a kiss: kissing frequency, sexual quality, attachment, and sexual and relationship satisfaction

Kissing can be thought of as a relationship maintenance behavior and/or as part of the sexual repertoire. Using data from 1,605 participants in committed relationships for at least two years, we an...
Protocol for Recording from Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons in Mice while Measuring Force during Head-Fixation.

Summary Many studies in systems neuroscience use head-fixation preparations for in vivo experimentation. While head-fixation confers several advantages, one major limitation is the lack of behavioral measures that quantify whole-body movements. Here, we detail a step-by-step protocol for using a novel head-fixation device that measures the forces exerted by head-fixed mice in multiple dimensions. We further detail how this system can be used in conjunction with in vivo electrophysiology and optogenetics to study dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hughes et al. (2020a , 2020b)
Technology Enablers for Manufacturing Resilience in the COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Era

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created substantial detrimental impacts on the global manufacturing industry The COVID-19 outbreak across the globe has caused a short supply of raw materials and components required to keep production running in the automobile, chemical, electronics, and aircraft sectors In this technical note, the authors present their views on how different manufacturing stages are affected by various COVID-related factors The authors discuss their ideas on employing emerging industry 4 0 technologies as building blocks of resilience themes necessary to circumvent COVID-related disruptions and make future manufacturing resilient, efficient, and cost-effective © 2020 by ASTM International
Associations of Maternal Trait Anger Expression and Lifetime Traumatic and Non-traumatic Experiences with Preterm Birth.

Most studies examining psychosocial factors contributing to preterm birth (PTB) have focused on negative life events. Studies examining the influence of negative emotion, in particular maternal anger, remain sparse. We examined associations of maternal trait anger expression and lifetime traumatic and non-traumatic experiences with the risk of PTB. Mother-newborn pairs were enrolled in the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms pregnancy cohort based in Boston and New York City. Women completed the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in pregnancy. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate the relative risk (RR) of PTB (1) in relation to continuous STAXI-2 Anger Expression-In (AX-I) and Anger Expression-Out (AX-O) subscales, (2) in relation to continuous LSC-R scores, and (3) between women who did versus did not experience childhood sexual, emotional, and/or physical abuse in six separate models. We also examined interactions between maternal anger expression and lifetime stress/childhood trauma. Younger, single, minority women had higher outward anger expression and inward anger suppression. AX-I and AX-O scores were higher among women who experienced abuse in childhood and who had higher lifetime stress. Maternal lifetime stress, outward anger expression, and inward anger suppression were associated with an increased risk of PTB in separate models; however, stress, trauma and anger did not interact to further increase the risk of PTB. Higher anger expression and higher lifetime stress experiences were associated with an increased risk of PTB among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women.
The Spiritual Tasks of Aging towards Death

This article presents experiential reflections on the spiritual tasks for the last stage of human life. These tasks—experiencing escalating losses, accepting growing dependence on others, reframing...
Modeling of the Wave Propagation of a Multi-Element Ultrasound Transducer Using Neural Networks

Ultrasonic transducers design involves studying their operation in many critical clinical procedures. This requires modeling the propagation of waves produced by the ultrasonic transducer elements. The linear wave equation is the fundamental modeled Partial Differential Equation (PDE) for understanding the behaviour of of an acoustic wave field. Modeling the wave equation is commonly done by utilizing mathematical approximations like Finite Difference Methods (FDMs) or Finite Element Methods (FEMs) to numerically solve the PDE. However, these conventional methods are mesh-based and cannot survive the curse of dimensionality (CoD) as the number of dimensions in the modeled system increases. This harshly affects the time of the simulation and the precision of results. The recent active research track of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) has been presented as a mesh-free high accuracy simulation tool without the necessity of having a large set of training data at hand. We perform a simulation of a 3-element transducer via modeling the two-dimensional wave equation in geometrically square acoustic wave field. The constructed PINN is trained to predict the resultant values in the wave field while considering the time-dependent source elements. Modeling Multi-element transducers using PINNs opens a promising vast field for modeling and simulation of different domains and setups in ultrasound imaging and therapeutics.
Executive Reorganization, Theodore roosevelt and the keep commission

In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt established the Keep Commission to "place the conduct of the Government on the most economical and effective basis in the light of the best modern business pra...
Photojournalism Issues for the 1990s: Concerns for All Teachers of Journalism Courses.

Since Johann Gutenberg's invention, reading and writing have dominated communication. However, since the advent of small computing workstations, image production has shown a tremendous growth, with new interest in visual communication courses, research related to pictorial presentations and visual theory development. Inter alia, computers are used to produce information graphics for newspapers and magazines; television technology is being improved through high-powered satellites; and motion pictures use computer generated characters. The sociological consequences of this shift is enormous and must be explained by researchers in the field. Unfortunately, as in the case of still photography, much of the attention is given to the manipulation of images through computer technology. Such an issue should not be the primary concern of those most interested in the future of photography. There are many other visual communication phenomenon that need to be explained.
Simple Spreadsheet Thermal Models for Cryogenic Applications

Self — consistent circuit analog thermal models that can be run in commercial spreadsheet programs on personal computers have been created to calculate the cooldown and steady state performance of cryogen cooled dewars. The models include temperature dependent conduction and radiation effects. The outputs of the models provide temperature distribution and dewar performance information. These models have been used to analyze the SIRTF Telescope Test Facility (STTF). The facility has been brought on line for its first user, the Infrared Telescope Technology Testbed (ITTT), for the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) at JPL. The model algorithm as well as a comparison between the models’ predictions and actual performance of this facility will be presented.
Institutional Trading, Trading Volume, and Spread

The effect of institutional trading on the bid-ask spread is of interest to regulators and market makers. It is often (casually) argued that greater institutional participation results in increased volatility in the market. On the other hand, some argue that greater liquidity trading by institutions should reduce spread. There has been no direct empirical evidence or theoretical knowledge to suggest a relation between institutional trading and spread. In this paper, we present a clearer picture of the nature and effect of institutional trading on spreads. We show that institutional trading is not always information driven, part of it is liquidity trading in nature. Information induced trading increases the adverse selection component. However, large volume (liquidity) trading reduces the order processing costs. Moreover, institutional buys have differential information from sells. Buys reduce spreads, while sells increase the adverse selection component. The effective spread impounds the differential nature of their trading.
Dual Agency: Corporate Boards with Reciprocally Interlocking Relationships

This paper studies reciprocal interlocks of boards of directors of large firms where an employee of firm A sits on firm B’s board and at the same time an employee of firm B sits on firm A’s board. The study of Boards of Directors by those in economics and finance is not new. In fact, Dooley (1969) writes of interlocking directorates, but his definition is different in that he presents evidence of interlock where “at least one director... sat on the board of at least one other of the largest companies”. Books by Mizruchi (1982) and Pennings (1980) as well as many articles, for example Bearden and Mintz (1985), Bunting and Barbour (1971) and Mintz and Schwartz (1981). discuss interlocking boards in much more detail from a sociological perspective. Mizruchi and Stearns (1988) study the longitudinal formation of interlocking directorates using a small sample of firms.
Comparison of Eating Quality Emu, Veal and Beef Cooked with Both Moist Heat and Dry Heat Methods

ABSTRACT The emu Is a ratite (flightless bird) along with the ostrich. Emu meat is similar to poultry in terms of its low fat and cholesterol content, yet similar to red meat in terms of its flavor, iron and protein content, and has a lower caloric content than either. This study evaluates the eating quality of emu, as compared with beef and veal using both dry heat and moist heat cooking methods. The cuts of meat used for the dry heat cooking method were: (1) emu full rump, (2) beef round tip roast. Both were cooked at 325° F to an internal temperature of 155° F. The cuts of meat used for moist heat cooking method were: (1) emu fillet, (2) beef filet mignon, and (3) veal loin fillet, each cut to 3/8′ thick and weighed 45 g. The fillets were lightly floured and pan fried for 6 minutes. Both roast and fillet of the emu appear to have slightly less cooking losses than beef or veal. Sensory evaluations showed the emu to be very similar in the overall flavor, juiciness and palatability when compared to beef a...
A geophysical investigation of the southern Jalisco block in the State of Colima, Mexico

Geological mapping and potential field studies in the State of Colima, Mexico were conducted to study previously interpreted neotectonic extension across the Colima graben. Our studies indicate that little, or no, extension has occurred south of Volcan de Colima and that the features previously inferred to be extensional structures are instead erosional landforms related to older deformation and downcut streams due to rapid sedimentation from Volcan de Colima.
Structure Modification of Montmorillonite Nanoclay by Surface Coating with Soy Protein

To achieve exfoliated and/or intercalated structures, montmorillonite (MMT) was surface-coated by soy protein at 60 °C, at MMT/soy protein powder mass ratios of 49:1, 9:1, 4:1, and 2:1 and pH 2.0–10.0. The protein-coated MMT was triple-washed and lyophilized for characterization. Protein coating was observed at all pH conditions, based on data from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and quantification of protein remaining in the continuous phase and present in the triple-washed MMT. At a mass ratio of 4:1, >90% protein bound with MMT, with the largest d-spacing at pH 9.0. When the mass ratio was increased to 2:1, protein-coated MMT at pH 9.0 demonstrated the highest degree of intercalation/exfoliation, corresponding to disappearance of the diffraction peak characteristic of pristine MMT. This study thus demonstrated that intercalation/exfoliation of MMT can be easily achieved by coating with low-cost soy protein for manufacturing nanocomposite materials.