cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hawker Beechcraft Uses a New Solution Approach to Balance Assembly Lines

In 2002, Hawker Beechcraft set out to improve the efficiency of its Hawker 800XP assembly line. The line was paced such that an aircraft was moved to the next workstation on the line on a schedule---even if work in a previous workstation had not completed. At the time, work in progress on the assembly line was high, and most work on the aircraft was completed out of station. Hawker Beechcraft's management wanted a more quantitative approach to determine how many workstations are necessary and how to best assign the tasks to the workstations; its goal was to minimize work in progress and out-of-station work. In response to a management request, we proposed a new solution approach based on assembly-line balancing principles but customized to a complex product (aircraft) in a real assembly-line setting. Hawker Beechcraft implemented our recommended solution on the Hawker 800XP product line in 2003. The company also used our new solution approach to balance two other assembly lines, saving over $30 million.
Analysis of Using the M-Cycle Regenerative-Humidification Process on a Gas Turbine

This investigation focused on the analysis of using the Maisotsenko Cycle (M-Cycle) to improve the efficiency of a gas turbine engine. By combining the Maisotsenko Cycle (M-Cycle) with an open Brayton cycle, a new cycle, is known as the Maisotsenko Combustion Turbine Cycle (MCTC), was formed. The MCTC used an Indirect Evaporative Air Cooler as a saturator with a gas turbine engine. The saturator was applied on the side of the turbine exhaust (M-Cycle#2) in the analysis. The analysis included calculations and the development of an Engineering Equation Solver (EES) code to model the MCTC system performance. The resulting performance curves were graphed to show the effects of several parameters on the thermal efficiency and net power output of the gas turbine engine. The models were also compared with actual experimental test results from a gas turbine engine. Conclusions and discussions of results are also given.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The tensor force and the Faddeev equations

Abstract A separable approximation to the two-nucleon t-matrix which includes some of the effects of the tensor force is derived. This approximation is found to be equivalent to using the Yamaguchi tensor potential. It is shown that the introduction of the operators of the permutation group S3 into the Faddeev equations simplifies the handling of these equations. Taking advantage of this simplification, the Faddeev equations are then reduced to their simplest form using the separable approximation for the tensor force.
Communicative alternatives to problem behavior may be fragile unless interventionists are careful with thinning reinforcement for alternative behaviors

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Volkert, V. M., Lerman, D. C., Call, N. A., & Trosclair-Lasserre, N. (2009). An evaluation of resurgence during treatment with functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(1), 145–160. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: No source of funding reported. This article was based on a doctoral dissertation completed by the first author at Louisiana State University; the original authors of this research report no conflicts of interest.
Resting electrocardiographic abnormalities suggestive of asymptomatic ischemic heart disease associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a defined population

The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in older adults by glucose tolerance status was evaluated in 2,223 white men and women, aged 50-89 years, in the Rancho Bernardo cohort who were studied between 1984 and 1987. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were classified according to World Health Organization criteria. End points of ischemic heart disease were defined by Rose Questionnaire and resting electrocardiogram (ECG) according to the Minnesota Code. IHD by electrocardiographic changes was classified as asymptomatic (without history of chest pain or overt IHD) or symptomatic (with history). IHD by all criteria combined was significantly more common in men and women with NIDDM, and in women with IGT, than in those with normal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of myocardial infarction, defined by major Q wave, Rose Questionnaire chest pain criteria, or personal history, was higher in persons with NIDDM than in persons without; the difference was highly significant in women (odds ratio, 2.08 [1.22, 3.56]; p = 0.009). Angina pectoris was not significantly related to NIDDM or IGT in either sex. Electrocardiographic evidence of asymptomatic IHD was significantly more prevalent in both men and women with NIDDM as compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (odds ratios, 1.75 [1.10, 2.81] for men and 1.80 [1.07, 3.01] for women; p less than 0.05). This significant association persisted after excluding persons on digitlis or diuretic therapy and, in women, was also independent of the effect of major known IHD risk factors. These population-based data are consistent with clinical reports suggesting an association of diabetes with silent myocardial infarction or ischemia. The presence of ischemic resting electrocardiographic abnormalities in the asymptomatic diabetic patient is likely to have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Feminist consciousness among American nuns: Patterns of ideological diffusion

Abstract Recent research in Women's Studies has begun to focus on groups of women who are not connected with the mainstream women's movement. One group of women which has been neglected in this new focus are members of Roman Catholic religious orders in the United States. The present article examines the feminist beliefs and values of several groups of American nuns. While the opinions of these women conform to those of mainstream feminism with regard to the Equal Rights Amendment and the ordination of women, they differ on other issues. Some beliefs appear to depend upon the individual nun's personal experience of discrimination in church-related jobs. The concluding section considers some implications of the research, both for women in Roman Catholic religious communities and for Women's Studies researchers who may study them in the future.
Behavioral characteristics of centrally administered adenosine analogs.

Abstract Mice were implanted with chronic indwelling cannulae in the lateral cerebral ventricle. A series of adenosine analogs and related compounds were injected into the lateral ventricle (ICVT) and their effects on spontaneous locomotor activity recorded. All analogs produced dose-related decreases in locomotor activity. 5′-N 6 -ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was the most potent compound tested, with a number of N 6 -substituted analogs also being effective depressants of activity. Caffeine, administratered either intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally, antagonized the depressant effects of the adenosine analogs. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, administered ICVT, depressed locomotor activity. However, after caffeine, IBMX elicited behavioral stimulation. Agents which inhibit the transport of adenosine (dipyridamole, dilazep, papaverine) depressed locomotor activity, as did erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(EHNA), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The effects of dilazep, papaverine and EHNA, but not of dipyridamole, were antagonized by caffeine. These results further substantiate the notion that endogenous adenosine is involved in the regulation of central nervous system excitability.
New Semiempirical Model for Wing-Tail Interference

A new semiempirical model to predict wing ‐tail interference on missile cone gurations has been developed. The new model is grounded in slender body theory at low angle of attack and uses experimental data at high angle of attack to estimate the interference term as a percent of slender body theory. The theory is developed for the roll position of both 0 deg [e ns in plus (+)e n arrangement] and 45 deg [e ns in cross (£ )e n arrangement]. Comparison of the new method to existing approaches and experimental data appears to show the new technique to be a potential improvement in the state of the art for wing ‐tail interference prediction methods. However, additional wind-tunneldata forwing ‐tail interferenceareneeded forevaluation ofthenew model beforedee nitivestatements can be made on its added value and, in particular, its accuracy outside the range of data upon which it was based.
EPR imaging using T1 selectivity

Abstract Electron-spin-echo-detected EPR using an inversion-recovery three-pulse sequence permits EPR imaging selectivity based on electron spin longitudinal relaxation times. The feasibility is demonstrated with samples of coal, irradiated quartz, nitroxyl radicals, and galvinoxyl radicals.
Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox

Russett, Oneal & Cox (2000) (henceforth RO&C) claim that their analysis of militarized interstate disputes between 1950 and 1992 provides a test of my hypotheses concerning clashes of civilizations. It does nothing of the kind, and their claim that it does is simply untrue. As they note, the Cold War ended in 1989. Hence, the Cold War constitutes well over 90% of the period they analyze. My clash of civilizations thesis, however, deals with the post-Cold War period. It is an effort, as I write in the book's opening pages, to shed some light on 'how global politics after the Cold War will differ from global politics during and before the Cold War' (Huntington, 1996: 34). The book is 'meant to be an interpretation of the evolution of global politics after the Cold War' (p. 13). 'The central theme of this book is that culture and cultural identities, which at the broadest level are civilizational identities, are shaping the patterns of cohesion, disintegration, and conflict in the post-Cold War world' (p. 20). I contrast the bipolarity and importance of ideology in the Cold War with the multipolar, multicivilizational character of the post-Cold War world, a contrast dramatized by the maps on pp. 24-27. Sentence after sentence in the book begins with phrases such as 'In the post-Cold War world' and 'In the emerging world'. That is what the book is about. It is not about the Cold War, and an analysis of conflicts during the Cold War can neither prove nor disprove its central argument. Second, the RO&C dataset is not only temporally irrelevant, but also extremely limited. It includes only interstate conflicts, which are a small, and possibly quite unrepresentative, sample of the violent conflicts in the world. They also appear to be decreasing in frequency compared with intrastate conflicts. (According to Wallensteen & Sollenberg, 2000: 638, out of 110 armed conflicts in 94 countries during the period 1989-99, only 7 were interstate, and a further 9 were intrastate conflicts with foreign intervention.) If RO&C had looked at the postCold War period, they would have found very few interstate wars, even though, as the data they cite from Gurr show, many ethnopolitical conflicts have been occurring. Third, while they make a passing reference to the central concern of the book with the dangers of escalation in intercivilizational conflicts, they nonetheless focus their analysis on the relative frequency of intercivilizational and intracivilizational wars in the Cold War. As they show, the frequency of intracivilizational conflicts varied among civilizations during the Cold War. As I point out,
The origin and dispersion characteristics of the observed tropical summertime synoptic-scale waves over the Western Pacific

Abstract The origin, initiation, and dispersion behavior of the observed summertime synoptic-scale disturbances in the tropical western Pacific are studied. These westward-propagating disturbances have the strongest growth rate over the region of ∼130°–160°E off the equator. The three-dimensional wave activity flux associated with a wave packet in the vicinity of this region is computed. In general, wave activity is directed westward. There is accumulation of activity flux, which gives rise to the amplification of waves. In the low levels, such accumulation can be attributed to the convergence of both the mean flow and the intrinsic group velocity. Diabatic forcing also contributes to the growth of disturbances and is most important in the 500–600-hPa layer. Along the east–west-oriented “storm tracks” of the synoptic-scale disturbances, there are two different dynamical regimes. West of ∼150°E, enhanced convection is associated with increased specific humidity at the top of the planetary boundary layer an...
Normally-Off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with InGaN cap layer: A simulation study

Abstract AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are favored for the use in high-power and high-frequency applications. Normally-off operation has been desired for various applications, but proved to be difficult to achieve. Recently, a new approach was proposed by Mizutani et al. [Mizutani T, Ito M, Kishimoto S, Nakamura F. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with thin InGaN cap layer for normally-off operation. IEEE Elec Dev Lett 2007;28(7):549–51]: a thin InGaN cap layer introduces a polarization field, which raises the conduction band of the AlGaN/GaN interface. As a result, the threshold voltage is shifted in positive direction. Relying on the experimental work of Mizutani et al. we conduct a simulation study of the proposed devices. Our device simulation tool is expanded by material models for InN and InGaN and also an improved high-field mobility model accounting for the specifics of the III-N materials. Using this setup, we further explore the device specific effects and conduct an analysis of the AC characteristics.
Long range effects of neutron capture therapy of cancer in mice II. Dose effect

Abstract An index is established which compares the outcome of neutron therapy experiments when only a single exposure is given to a transplantable malignant neoplasm in mice if the thermal neutron attenuation in passing through the tumor and tumor boron concentration at the time of exposure are known. A high degree of correlation is shown for the EXIT RAD INDEX in tables and graphs recording and summarizing studies done on some 3500 mice treated for thigh-implanted malignant neoplasms varying from 8–17 mm in dia. at treatment time. The end point was permanent, total regression of the neoplasm occurring without scarring Each animal with a treated neoplasm was followed until death. It is shown that this INDEX makes possible valid comparisons of procedures carried out over several years and in which exposure times vary from 0.1 sec to 23 min in three different reactors at two different boron dosages.
Gaseous Transport of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Unsaturated Porous Media: Effect of Water-Partitioning and Air−Water Interfacial Adsorption

Laboratory experiments were conducted employing gas chromatographic techniques to evaluate the gaseous transport of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in water-unsaturated soil columns as influenced by interfacial (air−water) adsorption and water partitioning. VOCs [methylene chloride, tetrachloroethene (PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), ethylbenzene, p-xylene, chlorobenzene] with different water-partitioning and interfacial adsorption coefficients (air−water) were used to evaluate the theoretical basis of using these coefficients to predict the retardation factors (Rt) observed during gaseous transport. A loamy sand from Dover Air Force Base, DE, and a commercial sand were used as the column packing material to assess the effect of grain size on the air−water interfacial area (ai) and retardation at different water saturations (Sw). The ai were measured using n-alkanes. At low Sw, interfacial adsorption contributed most to the retardation for all VOCs during gaseous transport in the Dover soil which has ...
A sex-specific, temperature-sensitive maternal effect of the daughterless mutation of Drosophila melanogaster.

Every aspect of the phenotype of the daughterless (2–41.5) maternal effect mutation was found to be strongly temperature sensitive. Above 22°, da/da mothers produced no daughters; however female progeny did survive the da maternal effect if the last 60 hours of oogenesis and the first three hours of embryonic development took place at 18°. The females which survived under these conditions displayed morphological abnormalities in a variety of adult cuticular structures, characteristic of cell death during development. In contrast, their male siblings were morphologically normal. Upon prolonged exposure to 29°, da/da females became sterile but continued to lay eggs. Some sexually mosaic progeny from da/da mothers survived even at 25°, but the distribution and development of the female tissue in these mosaics were abnormal. It is suggested that there are multiple functions of the da+ gene during oogenesis, one of which may be required specifically for the subsequent survival of female cells throughout the embryo. In addition to and distinct from its effect during oogenesis, the da mutation acted in both sexes of progeny as a recessive temperature-sensitive lethal mutation with a TSP during the first half of embryonic development.
Calibration of a VUV spectrometer-detector system using synchrotron radiation.

A new technique and apparatus have been developed for the measurement of absolute electron impact photoemission cross sections in the 30–150-nm wavelength range. Synchrotron light is used as the primary intensity standard for the calibration of the detection efficiency of a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer–detector system. A multiadjustable manipulator was used to position precisely a Seya-Namioka-type spectrometer–detector system with respect to a narrow ray of synchrotron radiation. By scanning the beam of synchrotron radiation across the surface of the grating in the spectrometer, precise simulation of the geometry of the light source encountered in the electron impact photoemission measurement was realized. Analysis of the results underscores the fact that for spectrometer calibrations in the VUV, the calibration procedure depends on the geometry of the experimental source. The simultaneous determination of the absolute apparatus response function of the spectrometer–detector system and the geometrical factors pertaining to the electron impact photoemission source allows photoemission cross sections in the VUV to be determined with unparalleled precision.
Pituitary and ovarian function in postpartum beef cows. III. Induction of estrus, ovulation and luteal function with intermittent small-dose injections of GnRH.

The effects of intermittent small-dose injections of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or exogenous estradiol-17p (E2) on estrus, ovulation and luteal function were examined. Fifty-five anestrous postpartum beef cows were allotted at random to 1 of 5 treatment groups (11 cows/group). The groups were designated: suckled control (SC, no GnRH or E3); GnRH; E2; GnRH + E2; and weaned control (WC, no GnRH or E2, calves weaned on Day 20 ± 2 postpartum). E2 implants and/or injections of GnRH (500 ng/injection every 2 h) were given for 4 days starting on Day 20 ± 2 postpartum. The intermittent injections of GnRH induced pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) (2.8-3.3 ng/ml) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (57.3-65.4 ng/ml) that were greater (P 0,10) on the frequency of FSH pulses. The magnitude of the LH and FSH pulses was similar (P>0.10) between the 5 treatment groups Serum E3 concentrations were increased (P<O.01) in cows treated with GnRH and/or exogenous E3. Also, WC cows had higher (P<0.01) E2 concentrations than SC cows. Cows in the GnRH, GnRH + E2 and WC groups had shorter (P<O.01) postpartum intervals than cows in the SC and E2 groups since more (P<0.01) of these cows had exhibited estrus and ovulated by 8 days posttreatment. Cows in the E2 group had postpartum intervals that were 10 days longer than cows in the SC group, indicating that reduction of pulsatile LH release can prolong the postpartum interval. All cows that ovulated in response to either the GnRH injections or weaning continued to cycle. However, a large percentage of GnRH and WC cows had short (<17 days) first estrous cycles. Exogenous E3 appeared to overcome this problem since almost all of the cows in the GnRH + E2 group normal length first estrous cycles. It is concluded from the indirect evidence obtained from these data that suckling prolongs the postpartum interval of the beef cow by reducing the frequency of pulsatile GnRH release from the hypothalamus.
Primary Brain Tumors: Characteristics, Practical Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches

Primary brain tumors are classified according to the tissue of phylogenic origin. Tumors arising from the neuroepithelium encompass a subgroup of neoplasms collectively referred to as “Gliomas”. Of this subgroup; astrocytomas are by far the most common. Astrocytomas are further subdivided by a four tier grading system based on The World Health Organization (WHO) classification where Grade I tumors represent the most benign and am enable to cure by surgical resection. Grade II astrocytomas are more infiltrative, but less aggressive than their more malignant counterpart Grades III and IV. However, due to their infiltrative nature grades II-IV are not cured by surgical extirpation. The most frequently used treatment regimen for malignant primary brain tumors include surgery for debulking or biopsy followed by postoperative radiation that is often combined with chemotherapy followed by 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. When paired with improved imaging and diagnostic modalities as well as new anti-angiogenic and molecular targeted therapies, the outcome for patients newly diagnosed with a malignant glioma has improved considerably. In addition, cancer stem cell research offers insight into the biology and pathogenesis of primary brain tumors. Currently, many studies implementing angiogenesis inhibitors and biologic modifiers offer encouragement for more patient participation in well-designed clinical trials for those patients who are eligible.
Intelligent model of rehabilitation training program for stroke

In view of the uncertainty and complexity, the intelligent model of rehabilitation training program for stroke was proposed, combining with the case-based reasoning (CBR) and interval type-2 fuzzy reasoning (IT2FR). The model consists of two parts: the setting model based on CBR and the feedback compensation model based on IT2FR. The former presets the value of rehabilitation training program, and the latter carries on the feedback compensation of the preset value. Experimental results show that the average percentage error of two rehabilitation training programs is 0.074%. The two programs are made by the intelligent model and rehabilitation physician. That is, the two different programs are nearly identical. It means that the intelligent model can make a rehabilitation training program effectively and improve the rehabilitation efficiency.
Petrology and Structure of the Bethel Area, Maine

Sillimanite-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Lower Devonian Littleton Formation and plutonic rocks of the New Hampshire magma series underlie the Bethel quadrangle of western Maine. The exposed Littleton Formation is a series of gneisses and schists about 8500 feet thick including two units, the “pyrrhotitic gneiss” and the “inter-bedded sillimanite schists and quartz-mica schists,” separately mappable from the main quartz-biotite-sillimanite gneiss. Igneous rocks include the Songo Granodiorite, the Speckled Mountain Quartz Monzonite, and the 280-million-year old granitic pegmatite, all of the New Hampshire magma series, and mafic dikes, the youngest rocks in the quadrangle, tentatively classified with the Mississippian(?) White Mountain magma series. The writer, by measuring zircon grains and calculating hydraulic equivalents in light minerals, ascertained that the gneisses and schists were derived from coarse siltstones of a graywacke series. The structure is exceedingly complex in detail, but in general the metasedimentary rocks form a series of northeast-striking, doubly plunging anticlines and synclines. The large, domelike Albany pluton of Songo Granodiorite and countless smaller bodies of igneous rock cut the folds. The Albany pluton occupies the southeastern third of the quadrangle and is cut by pegmatite and mafic dikes. In places the metasedimentary rocks exhibit textures and structures that some ascribe to granitization. The writer believes that these features formed by metamorphic segregation. Chemical analyses of the rocks indicate that little, if any, metasomatism took place during metamorphism. The Speckled Mountain Quartz Monzonite locally exhibits a distinct layering that resembles the relict bedding of meta-sedimentary rocks. The writer considers the possibility that this rock has been metasomatized and mobilized but concludes that it probably represents the consolidation product of a highly contaminated magma.
Combined Shear and Flexural Behavior of Hybrid FRP-Concrete Beams Previously Subjected to Cyclic Loading

Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) were initially proposed for bridge substructures in corrosive environments in the early 1990s. Systematic studies have since demonstrated the feasibility and merits of CFFTs with or without internal mild steel reinforcement. However, the experimental database in this field is still quite limited. This paper enhances the test database through a series of monotonic bending tests on one control RC specimen and five CFFT specimens previously subjected to reverse cyclic loading. Although the control RC specimen suffered shear-flexural cracks, specimens with carbon fibers experienced flexural failure by longitudinal splitting of the FRP tube in tension and its crumpling in compression. Specimens with glass or hybrid (glass/carbon) fibers, on the other hand, all failed by local buckling of FRP with either burst crushing or crumpling cracks. The specimen with hybrid fibers had higher normalized initial stiffness primarily because of its higher FRP/concrete stiffness ratio. The tests showed that the ductility of CFFT increases with FRP rupture strain. Further synthesis of flexural strength with FRP and mild steel reinforcement indexes reveals the existence of an optimized overall reinforcement index to achieve a design moment without overconfining concrete. Finally, the study confirms that shear failure is not critical for CFFT specimens at short shear span-to-depth ratios, even with internal mild steel reinforcement, as long as the FRP architecture is designed properly.
Core temperature measurements through a new airway device, perilaryngeal airway (CobraPLA).

Abstract Study Objective The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the intraoperative pharyngeal temperatures obtained on the perilaryngeal airway (PLA), a novel airway device with a larger pharyngeal cuff (when inflated) than the laryngeal mask airway, are similar to tympanic membrane core temperatures. Design This study is a prospective, simultaneous device comparison. Setting This study was set at a university hospital. Patients The study patients included 14 adults with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statuses I and II, scheduled for minor gynecological or orthopedic surgery. Interventions A PLA was inserted into the pharynx after induction of general anesthesia. Thermocouples were positioned at 3 sites on the PLA: (1) posterior portion of the head of the airway (tip), (2) midposterior portion of the cuff, and (3) left and right lateral-posterior portions of the cuff. Tympanic membrane thermocouples were inserted. Measurements Temperature readings from the airway and the tympanic membrane thermocouples were recorded every 15 minutes throughout surgery. Main Results Temperatures recorded from the lateral-posterior cuff were found to be virtually identical to tympanic membrane temperatures, with 97% of the values differing by less than 0.5°C. Readings from the other 2 sites on the cuff differed considerably more from tympanic membrane values. Conclusions These data suggest that the PLA can be adapted to monitor core temperature reliably.
Electrically and optically controllable optical delay in a quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifier

An optical delay variable between 0 to 161 ps with GHz bandwidth is demonstrated in an InGaAsP quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifier and modeled by population oscillation and nearly degenerate four-wave-mixing effects for the first time.
An Economical Multichannel Programming Unit For Use With Magnetic Tape

Quite often psychological experiments or clinical treatments of patients could benefit from automation. This article describes a simple, economical, multichannel programming apparatus that will efficiently control several devices in a temporal sequence. The unit will provide frequency multiplexed tone encoding and decoding on a single channel of magnetic tape.
Irving Fisher and statistical approaches to risk

Abstract Irving Fisher has been recognized as one of the most prominent economists in the US in the first half of the 20th century. His contribution to financial economics has not been well recognized, however. This article describes Fisher's pioneering efforts to apply statistical methods to the analysis of investment risk. In addition, it will argue that Fisher's statistical analysis of risk had a Bayesian philosophy of probability theory. Finally, the highs and lows of Fisher's investment strategy for the 1920s and 1930s will be discussed.
Cardiac surgery errors: results from the UK National Reporting and Learning System

Objective. To describe cardiac surgery-related incidents and compare the types and severity of incidents occurring in the operating room (OR) versus non-OR locations. We hypothesized that the type and severity of incidents in cardiac surgery would differ in the OR compared with non-OR locations. Design. A retrospective cross-sectional study of all incidents categorized as cardiac surgery in the UK National Reporting and Learning System database between January 2003 and February 2007. Differences in proportions were evaluated by x 2 or Fischer’s exact test. The odds ratio of an event occurring in the OR compared with all non-OR settings was calculated using logistic regression. The harm susceptibility ratio ranked locations by the degree of harm. Setting. All trusts performing cardiac surgery. Participants. None. Intervention. None. Main Outcome Measures. Cardiac surgery incidents occurring in the OR versus non-OR. Results. A total of 4828 (,1%) incidents from 55 trusts were designated as involving cardiac surgery patients during the study period; 21% occurred in the OR. Overall, 32% of incidents resulted in harm: 23% of OR and 34% of non-OR incidents. The distribution of incident type and harmful incidents differed in the OR compared with the non-OR setting (P , 0.05). Conclusions. Our findings offer unique insights into the types of incidents occurring during cardiac surgical care in the UK. In the OR, interventions should focus on reducing errors associated with medical devices/equipment, whereas outside the OR, they may focus on medication errors and patient accidents.
Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Cu CMP: In-situ Detection of Chemical Species in the Slurry

Slurries used for copper CMP have a rich chemistry, which may change during the course of polishing due to consumption and decomposition of molecular species. Various aspects, such as small layer thickness (<50 μm), continuous flow of the slurry, and dynamics of the film removal process pose great challenge to the monitoring of slurry components between the pad and the wafer. The slurry constituents such as oxidants and corrosion inhibitors have unique signatures that can be detected using spectroscopic techniques. In this paper, work carried out to explore the use of Raman spectroscopy to detect and quantitate chemical species such as hydroxylamine, benzotriazole and hydrogen peroxide in-situ will be presented. More detailed study pertaining to the protonation of hydroxylamine with respect to the pH will also be presented. An abrasion cell integrated with a Raman spectrometer was used to make the measurements.
Microwave performance of low-power ion-implanted 0.25-micron gate GaAs MESFET for low-cost MMIC's applications

Low-power microwave performance of an enhancement mode) (E-mode ion-implanted GaAs MESFET is reported. The 0.25- mu m*100- mu m E-MESFET has a threshold voltage of V/sub th/=0.0 V. At 1.0-mW operation of power with a bias condition of V/sub ds/=0.5 V and I/sub ds/-2 mA, a noise figure of 0.85 dB with an associated gain of 15 dB was measured at 4 GHz. These results demonstrate that the GaAs E-MESFET is an excellent choice for low-power personal communication applications. >
Enhancement of Adenovirus Transformation by Pretreatment of Rat Embryo Cells with Estrogenic and Androgenic Hormones

SummaryPretreatment of REC cultures for 24 hr with low concentrations of estrogenic and androgenic hormones modified the expression of Ad-12 lytic activity and significantly enhanced the frequency of viral transformation. The augmented effect of the steroid compounds does not appear to be sex-dependent since both male and female REC cultures exhibited enhanced transformation. However, stimulation or inhibition of Ad-12 induced transformation in these in vitro cell systems appears to be dependent on the concentration of hormones employed. The enhancing effect of the sex steroids appears to extend beyond the in vitro transformation state. This is indicated by the markedly increased tumor production in animals implanted with 17-β-estradiol derived transformed cells.
Self-Monitoring and Eyewitness Accuracy

It was hypothesized that subjects high in self-monitoring (Snyder, 1974) would be more accurate eyewitnesses than their low self-monitoring counterparts. To test this hypothesis, a field experiment was conducted in which 86 clerks (45 males and 41 females) in convenience stores attempted to identify confederates who had been in the stores 2 hours earlier. A significant positive relationship was obtained between self-monitoring and accuracy of identification, r(84) = .51, p <.001. The findings are discussed and potential applications are suggested.
REFLECTION, ABSORPTION, AND TRANSMISSION OF INSOLATION BY STRATUS CLOUD

Abstract Using Eppley pyrheliometers mounted on a blimp, observations were made of the upward and downward flux of short-wave radiation above, in, and below coastal stratus throughout the summer of 1945. These observations are summarized and evaluated in terms of the percentage of the incident radiation reflected, absorbed, and transmitted, as a function of the thickness of the cloud. The simplified radiative transfer equations, in which the radiation is considered to be composed of upward and downward isotropic currents, are solved for general distributions of drop size and liquid-water content, and applied to the distributions found in coastal stratus. The theoretical variation with cloud thickness differs from the observed. This is taken to indicate that the simplified theory is an inadequate description because the radiation is not isotropic.
From Smoke Inhalation to Chemical Attacks: Acute Cyanide Poisoning in the Prehospital Setting

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)—a cooperative program of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)—designates cyanide a priority chemical in relation to the potential impact on human health and the environment. Like other IPCS priority chemicals, cyanide is highly toxic, is a transboundary safety concern, is a target for risk management in multiple countries, is produced in large quantities, has dispersive use, and poses a risk for human exposure (Table 1). Acute exposure to cyanide has caused significant morbidity and mortality in household and industrial accidents, as well as in suicides and attempted genocides, wars, and acts of terrorism. The most common, but perhaps least recognized source of cyanide in cases of acute poisoning is from smoke caused by fires. This review is the product of a collaboration among experts in prehospital emergency medicine, public health and safety, and disaster preparedness. Current understanding of the causes, consequences, and management of cyanide poisoning are described as a potential advancement in antidotal therapy that could transform the provision of prehospital care to cyanide-poisoned victims.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Novel Nitric Oxide (NO) Donating Compound, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine Derivatized Cyclam (SNAP-Cyclam).

Nitric oxide (NO) has been heavily studied over the past two decades due to its multitude of physiological functions and its potential therapeutic promise. Of major interest is the desire to fabricate or coat implanted devices with an NO releasing material that will impart the appropriate dose and duration of NO release to positively mediate the biological response to the medical device, thereby improving its safety and efficacy. To date, this goal has not yet been achieved, despite very promising early research. Herein, we describe the synthesis and NO release properties of a novel NO donor which covalently links the S-nitrosothiol, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine (SNAP), to the macrocycle, cyclam (SNAP-cyclam). This compound can then be blended into a wide variety of polymer matrices, imparting NO release to the polymer system. This release can be initiated and controlled by transition metal catalysis, thermal degradation or photolytic release of NO from the composite NO-releasing material. SNAP-cycl...
Conceptual issues in contemporary religious freedom research : in my opinion

This article reflects on some of the conceptual and methodological problems that arose in writing some of the major current reports on religious freedom. It focuses on the questions of what is secular and religious, who is a religious adherent, what is religious freedom, and what makes persecution religious? Finally, it discusses the relation of issues of "church and state" to religious freedom.
How to interpret cognitive training studies: A reply to Lindskog & Winman.

Abstract In our previous studies, we demonstrated that repeated training on an approximate arithmetic task selectively improves symbolic arithmetic performance (Park & Brannon, 2013, 2014). We proposed that mental manipulation of quantity is the common cognitive component between approximate arithmetic and symbolic arithmetic, driving the causal relationship between the two. In a commentary to our work, Lindskog and Winman argue that there is no evidence of performance improvement during approximate arithmetic training and that this challenges the proposed causal relationship between approximate arithmetic and symbolic arithmetic. Here, we argue that causality in cognitive training experiments is interpreted from the selectivity of transfer effects and does not hinge upon improved performance in the training task. This is because changes in the unobservable cognitive elements underlying the transfer effect may not be observable from performance measures in the training task. We also question the validity of Lindskog and Winman’s simulation approach for testing for a training effect, given that simulations require a valid and sufficient model of a decision process, which is often difficult to achieve. Finally we provide an empirical approach to testing the training effects in adaptive training. Our analysis reveals new evidence that approximate arithmetic performance improved over the course of training in Park and Brannon (2014). We maintain that our data supports the conclusion that approximate arithmetic training leads to improvement in symbolic arithmetic driven by the common cognitive component of mental quantity manipulation.
Dense Granular Columns in Liquefiable Ground. I: Shear Reinforcement and Cyclic Stress Ratio Reduction

AbstractThe installation of dense granular columns by various construction techniques can be used to mitigate liquefaction through a combination of densification, increase of lateral stresses, reinforcement, and drainage. The contributing mechanism of shear reinforcement is isolated and explored using nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) analysis. FE models representing both dry and saturated conditions were developed to evaluate cases with and without generation and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures. The shear stress and strain distributions between the granular columns and surrounding soil, and the level of shear stress reduction, were investigated for a practical range of treatment geometries, relative stiffness ratios, vertical stresses, and relative densities of the surrounding soil. A set of 10 acceleration time histories were used as input motions. The FE results show that granular columns undergo a shear strain deformation pattern that is noncompatible with the surrounding...
Abstract 1807: Phase I trial of the combined targeting of the Hedgehog (GDC-0449) and EGFR pathways (erlotinib) in pancreatic cancer

We have demonstrated that crosstalk between the Hedgehog-GLI-GLI and EGFR signaling pathway exists and contribute to pancreatic tumorigenesis. This interaction can be abrogated by targeting both pathways simultaneously and results in a synergistic antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo in pancreatic tumor models. Based on these results we have undertaken a phase I trial of GDC-0449 (an orally administered Hedgehog pathway inhibitor) and erlotinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor to: 1) determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of GDC-0449 combined with erlotinib in unresectable solid tumors; 2) describe the adverse events associated with this treatment combination; 3) describe the responses of this treatment combination; and 4) to assess the effect of the erlotinib and GDC-0449 combination on selected biomarkers in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), tumor biopsies, and FDG-PET in a cohort of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer patients treated at the MTD. During the dose escalation portion of the trial, eligible patients receive GDC-0449 150 mg p.o. daily and erlotinib 50, 75, 100, or 150 mg daily p.o. at dose levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Eligibility criteria include: histologic proof of solid tumors that are unresectable, not amenable to any other standard therapies, or patient refused standard therapy,; ANC ≥> 1500/μL; PLT ≥> 100,000/ μL; Total bilirubin ≤ 9.0 g/dL; INR within normal limits (Cohort II [MTD Cohort] only); ECOG performance status (PS) 0, 1 or ≤ 2. For the MTD cohort, only patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas without prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease and tumor amenable to biopsies are eligible. Toxicity assessment is performed at each 28-day treatment cycles and response assessment every second treatment 28 day cycle. 12 patients have been entered-pancreas (3), colorectal (3), neuroendocrine (2), scc anus (2), gallbladder (1), thymoma (1). No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was reported at dose level 4. At the MTD, up to 20 patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer will be entered to assess the biologic effect of GDC-0449+erlotinib. Pre- and post- treatment biopsies of metastases and FDG-PET will be performed. Weekly collection of CTCs will be undertaken and immunofluorescence microscopy of total & phosphoMAPK, EGFR, AKT, PATCHED1, GLI1, BCL-2, and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) of PATCHED1, GLI1, and its target genes (BCL-2, BFL-1/A1, 4-1BB) will be performed. In addtion, total & phosphoMAPK, EGFR, and AKT, as well as PATCHED1, GLI1, BCL-2 by immunohistochemistry and Q-PCR of PATCHED1, GLI1, BCL-2, BFL-1/A1, 4-1BB will be analyzed in tumor biopsies. Supported by CA69912, CA136526 and CA102701. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1807.
The Many Faces of the Golden Sire: Books And Readers in the Early Yiguan Dao

Yiguan Dao (YGD) is a millenarian religious community that quickly grew into one of the largest and most influential temple movements in 20th century China. Although scholars have examined the meteoric rise of YGD in the 1930s, its origins in the late 1910s and 1920s Shandong province are relatively unknown. This neglect is partly due to a lack of original data; all that survives of the early YGD community are eschatological scriptures composed during early 20th century seances and hagiographies written in 1970s Taiwan. While none of these documents is an objective representation of the early YGD, this author argues that analyzing these texts side-by-side leads to new insights into the activities, ideas, and charismatic leaders of this religious movement.
Analysis of antibiotic use in treating of 61 pediatric patients with septemia

Objective: To summarize antibiotic use in treatment of pediatric septic patients in our hospital and to improve rationality of antibiotic use. Methods: Clinical data of 61 pediatric patients with septemia, including pathogenic bacterium, antibiotic sensitivity test and antibiotic use, were analysed retrospectively. Results: 61 cases were all infected with single pathogenic bacterium, including 23 cases with staphylococci, 18 cases with Klebsiella, 14 cases with Escherichia coli and 6 cases with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococci were highly sensitive to vancomycin, less sensitive to oxacillin. Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to carbopene, less sensitive to third generation cephalosporin and amikacin. The using frequency of each antibiotic species from high to low were tics, aminoglycoside and vancomycin in turn. All cases were treated with two antibiotics synergetically, mainly temia was basically rational in our hospital.
Some focal questions about the development of new Confucianism

In the 1980s and 1990s,with the obviously change of world structure,new Confucianism has the opportunity to be the mainstream of social science.However,the fact that new Confucianism firmly inherits from traditional Confucianism made it urgent for new Confucianism to handle some focal questions,such as:self creation,universal communication of civilization,metaphysical moral concern to be the indeed spirit power of development of the society.
A Comparison of Prompting Strategies to Teach Intraverbals to an Adolescent With Down Syndrome

Ingvarsson and Hollobaugh (2011) investigated tact- or echoic-to-intraverbal transfer of stimulus control to "wh" questions for three preschool-aged boys with autism. The current study was a systematic replication of this study with an adolescent girl with Down syndrome. A multielement design was used to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of picture or echoic prompts presented on an iPad or in vivo to teach "wh" questions. All prompt conditions were effective. Conclusions and recommendations for practice are presented.
I love me some Jiminy Glick: The semantic contribution of 'some' in personal dative constructions

This paper examines the semantics of the I Love Me Some {X} variant of the personal dative construction. Contrary to previous analyses (Horn 2008, 2010), I argue that the sub-construction manifests characteristic personal dative semantics, and that its use of ‘some’ is semantically motivated. When blended with the constructional semantics and with the semantics of ‘love’ (in its ‘desire’ sub-sense), ‘some’ invites a construal of the direct object as a consumable commodity for which the subject experiences a habitual craving.