cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Quantitative Characterization of the Cellular Structure in Polymeric Foams

Les possibilites d'une correlation entre la geometrie de la structure cellulaire et les proprietes thermiques d'une mousse implique le choix et l'utilisation d'une modelisation descriptive avec la mesure des dimensions de la cellule, de l'epaisseur des parois et l'evaluation qualitative par stereoscope de la matrice et des elements formant le cloisonnement. (CSTB)
Modeling the Pediatric Paradox: Birth Weight by Gestational Age

The "pediatric paradox" of African versus European American infant mortality is often observed with respect to birth weight, but rarely to gestational age, even though the two measures are biologically related. This paper models the pediatric paradox by birth weight and gestational age simultaneously, using Covariate Density Defined mixture of logistic regressions (CDDmlr) fitted to 1985-1988 New York State births. The model controls for unobserved heterogeneity and isolates the pediatric paradox in the "compromised" subpopulation. The paradox is not limited to low birth weights and/or short gestational ages, but surrounds the normal birth range. Nevertheless, the pediatric paradox is only observed in the marginal distribution of birth weight and not the marginal distribution of gestational age. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that higher fetal losses in the "compromised" subpopulation may be responsible for the pediatric paradox and that African versus European American infant mortality differentials are underestimated.
Cultural context and cordage twist direction

Data on cordage impressions of ceramic vessels from several sites in Delaware and southeast Pennsylvania show significant cordage twist direction variation in relation to individual households, decorative styles, and cordage use. Variation within these cultural contexts complicates the use of cordage twist variation data to identify distinctive social groupings within the central Middle Atlantic region.
Paleoenvironment of the New Albany Shale Group (Devonian-Mississippian) of Illinois

ABSTRACT The distribution of lithofacies in the New Albany Shale Group of Illinois was determined by wave energy, bottom oxygenation, and bottom topography in a deep water stratified anoxic basin. A transect from the margin to the center of the Illinois Basin reveals a complete transition from high energy, aerobic, shallow-water environments to quiet, anaerobic, deep-water environments. Shallow areas at the margin of the basin are characterized by rapid facies transitions over short distances. High energy, very shallow conditions are recorded by oolitic-skeletal grainstones and packstones with abundant brachiopods, crinoids, trilobites, and other calcified marine invertebrates. Bioturbation did not destroy primary sedimentary structures in these facies. Offshore, less agitated areas are represented by highly bioturbated carbonate wackestones, argillaceous quartz siltstones, and greenish-gray mudstones. Calcified invertebrates are generally rare in these facies, indicating deposition in dysaerobic conditions. Basinward, slope areas are characterized by olive-gray to black, weakly bioturbated shales commonly interbedded with thickly laminated black shales. Trace fossil , including Zoophycos, Chondrites, and Planolites, are abundant along the bases of the olive-gray beds. In areas where the anaerobic/dysaerobic boundary intersected the bottom slope, slight fluctuations of the position of the boundary resulted in thin interbedding of olive-gray and black shales and laterally persistent interfingering of the two lithologies. Anaerobic conditions prevailed during most of New Albany time in the deepest areas of the basin, and finely laminated, undisturbed, pelagic black shales were deposited.
Can Physicians Improve Patient Satisfaction with Long Waiting Times

The purpose of our study was to determine how time spent with the physician might be related to patient dissatisfaction with their waiting time. During a 2-month period, patients in our internal medicine resident continuity clinic completed a survey assessing their satisfaction with their waiting time and their estimates of their waiting time and time spent with the resident physician. For patients with long waiting times (more than 15 min in the waiting room or more than 10 min in the exam room), patient dissatisfaction with waiting time was associated with a shorter physician visit (48% were dissatisfied if the physician spent less than 15 min vs. 18% if the physician spent more than 15 min with them, p = .03). These data suggest that physicians can mediate the negative effects of long waiting times by spending more time with their patients. Future studies on patient satisfaction should consider this interaction.
Issue and Context Variations in Foreign Policy Effects On American Elite Behavior

This article explores the effects of variations in types of foreign policy issues and their contexts on the foreign policy-making behavior of American elites. The findings and conclusions are based on an examination of elite responses to 65 cases involving threats to American objectives concerning European integration or the Atlantic alliance during 1949-1968. "Events" data on the elites' behavior are generated by coding entries in the New York Times Index. The cases are classified in terms of the type of issue according to: the degree of threat, decision time, and surprise (after Charles Hermann), the degree of tangibility of ends and means (after James Rosenau), and the impact on the allocation of domestic resources (after Theodore Lowi). As to context, the cases are characterized according to the degree of prior American involvement and the occurrence of concurrent related events. All four typologies reveal predictable patterns in the elites' behavior, but the threat-time- surprise and the context typo...
Nucleation and growth of silicon microstructures by direct-laser writing

This paper reports a study of the nucleation phase of thin film growth during pyrolytic deposition by direct-laser writing. A Monte Carlo computer simulation is used to model the initial surface dynamics occurring during the deposition of silicon from silane (SiH/sub 4/) on strongly binding substrates such as silicon, and on weakly binding substrates such as silicon dioxide (SiO/sub 2/) and silicon nitride (Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/). Results show that for high peak temperatures and weakly binding substrates, the most probable location for the initiation of thin film growth is displaced from the center of the locally laser heated region of the surface. At low peak temperatures, thin film nucleation is found to begin at the center of the locally laser-heated surface for all substrates.
Knowledge of state-level abortion laws and policies among front-line staff at facilities providing abortion services.

Abstract Objective To determine the accuracy of information regarding state-level abortion laws and policies received by a simulated patient from front-line staff at facilities providing abortion services. Methods U.S. states were ranked by restrictiveness of access to abortion, and a simulated patient made calls to the five most and six least restrictive states. Three scripts were used to simulate the following three patients: a 17-year-old minor, a married woman, and a woman at 15 weeks of gestation. Each facility was called three times. Accuracy of the information provided was assessed using a list of laws published monthly by the Guttmacher Institute. Results Of 138 calls, 72 (52.2%) were made to least restrictive states, and 66 (47.8%) were made to most restrictive states. Information provided by front-line staff was generally excellent, with over 90% accuracy regarding spousal and parental involvement, presence of, and length of mandatory waiting periods. Most inaccuracies were owing to responses of “I don't know.” Despite providing highly accurate information regarding the existence of parental involvement laws, only 55.6% of front-line staff members in states with parental involvement laws informed the simulated minor patient of her right to a judicial bypass. Conclusion Information regarding state abortion laws and policies provided by front-line staff members at facilities that provide abortion services is highly accurate, with the exception of judicial bypass for parental involvement. Resources should be developed for reproductive health care providers and their staff to ensure that all information provided to patients is accurate and comprehensive.
The effective magnetic properties of magnetorheological fluids

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids represent a class of smart materials whose rheological properties change in response to the application of a magnetic field. These fluids typically consist of small (@mm) magnetizable particles dispersed in a nonmagnetic carrier fluid that generally contains additives such as surfactants and antiwear agents [1]. Due to such additives, there is an outer nonmagnetic layer on the particles that keeps them from touching. The goal of this paper is to study the effective magnetic behavior of an MR composite as a function of the interparticle distance. To this end, we present and employ a model for the effective magnetic properties of MR fluids with periodic microstructure that is based on the theory of homogenization. Finally, we discuss an interpolating formula for the effective permeability of MR fluids as an extension of the work of Keller [2] and Doyle [3].
Resonance Raman spectroscopic investigation of the light-harvesting chromophore in escherichia coli photolyase and Vibrio cholerae cryptochrome-1.

Photolyases and cryptochromes are flavoproteins that belong to the class of blue-light photoreceptors. They usually bind two chromophores: flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which forms the active site, and a light-harvesting pigment, which is a 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate polyglutamate (MTHF) in most cases. In Escherichia coli photolyase (EcPhr), the MTHF cofactor is present in substoichiometric amounts after purification, while in Vibrio cholerae cryptochrome-1 (VcCry1) the MTHF cofactor is bound more strongly and is present at stoichiometric levels after purification. In this paper, we have used resonance Raman spectroscopy to monitor the effect of loss of MTHF on the protein−FAD interactions in EcPhr and to probe the protein−MTHF interactions in both EcPhr and VcCry1. We find that removal of MTHF does not perturb protein−FAD interactions, suggesting that it may not affect the physicochemical properties of FAD in EcPhr. Our data demonstrate that the pteridine ring of MTHF in EcPhr has different inte...
Charite's Rape, Psyche on the Rock and the Parallel Function of Marriage in Apuleius' Metamorphoses

Au-dela des interpretations philosophico-religieuse et structurale-narrative du recit de Psyche et Cupidon qui le rapprochent du roman de Lucien et des dialogues de Platon, l'A. decrit les destins de Charite et Psyche comme un renversement negatif de la fortune autour du theme du mariage. Comparant les aventures des deux heroines a la procedure actuelle du mariage dans le droit romain, l'A. montre que les deux personnages feminins emploient un vocabulaire juridique qui manifeste leur combat pour le retablissement et la validation legales de leur mariage. Mais l'ironie d'Apulee consiste a ne consoler que temporairement Charite de son sort, qui sera different de la fin bienheureuse de Psyche et Cupidon
Stereotypes Concerning Musicians Within Symphony Orchestras

Abstract The social psychology of musical groups is a new but emerging area of inquiry that is critically reviewed here. Professional musicians (N = 227) from 16 major orchestras throughout the United States and Canada completed a questionnaire dealing with stereotypes and personality traits of musicians from each of the four major orchestral sections (strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion). The brass and strings were consistently on opposite poles of the continua.
Fusing Dependent Decisions for Hypothesis Testing With Heterogeneous Sensors

In this paper, we consider a binary decentralized detection problem where the local sensor observations are quantized before their transmission to the fusion center. Sensor observations, and hence their quantized versions, may be heterogeneous as well as statistically dependent. A composite binary hypothesis testing problem is formulated, and a copula-based generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) based fusion rule is derived given that the local sensors are uniform multilevel quantizers. An alternative computationally efficient fusion rule is also designed which involves injecting a deliberate random disturbance to the local sensor decisions before fusion. Although the introduction of external noise causes a reduction in the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), it is shown that the proposed approach can result in a detection performance comparable to the GLRT detector without external noise, especially when the number of quantization levels is large.
A high-performance low-cost chip-on-Wafer package with sub-μm pitch Cu RDL

A low-cost and manufacturable 3D IC substrate-less Chip-on-Wafer (CoW) package has been studied. The new structure is a result of process simplification from the production-proven Chip on Wafer on Substrate (CoWoS™) technology. It features three layers of submicron (0.8μm pitch) Cu RDL on a Si interposer. High interposer yield is ensured with the excellent FAB-grade low defect density as demonstrated from good continuity of long RDL chains. Two layers of backside RDL are used to redistribute the IO from TSV at 0.2 mm pitch to BGA at 0.6 mm pitch. With the same multi-die integration capability as in CoWoS™, the CoW package has additional advantages of lower z-height, better thermal dissipation, and lower cost. Moreover, mechanical and thermal simulations reveal a relatively greater life cycle endurance for temperature cycling on board (TCoB) test. The CoW package passed preliminary component-level reliability assessments including μHAST, HTS and TC. This provides a promising CoWoS™ alternative for lower cost and thinner package with improved thermal performance. It also possesses the flexibility to combine with fan-out technology to be fitted in applications requiring higher IO count or larger BGA pitch.
Current concepts in cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcus neoformans has become an increasingly important pathogen. Cryptococcosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts and is the second most common fungal infection complicating AIDS. In recent years, research has focused on the host defenses againstCryptococcus and has led to an improved understanding of the capsular virulence of the organism, the mechanisms of T-cell defenses, and the role of phagocytic cells in the fungistasis and killing of cryptococci. Amphotericin B with or without flucytosine has clearly improved treatment of cryptococcosis, but therapy is associated with significant toxicity. Current investigation is focused on the triazoles, which may offer improved therapy for cryptococcosis. In this report, we review recent developments in the understanding of the host defenses againstCryptococcocus and discuss current recommendations for the management of cryptococcosis.
Professor Stephen R. Byrn: Scientist, educator, and visionary

It is a great personal pleasure to have the opportunity to provide an introduction to this special issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, honoring my good friend and research collaborator, Stephen R. Byrn, the Charles B. Jordan Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Professor of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy at the Purdue University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Coming from a background in surface chemistry in the 1960’s and 1970’s my interests in the solid state were primarily focused on adsorption of surfactants and drugs at solid surfaces, as well as problems related to
GPS Meteorology: Direct Estimation of the Absolute Value of Precipitable Water

Abstract A simple approach to estimating vertically integrated atmospheric water vapor, or precipitable water, from Global Positioning System (GPS) radio signals collected by a regional network of ground-based geodetic GPS receiver is illustrated and validated. Standard space geodetic methods are used to estimate the zenith delay caused by the neutral atmosphere, and surface pressure measurements are used to compute the hydrostatic (or “dry”) component of this delay. The zenith hydrostatic delay is subtracted from the zenith neutral delay to determine the zenith wet delay, which is then transformed into an estimate of precipitable water. By incorporating a few remote global tracking stations (and thus long baselines) into the geodetic analysis of a regional GPS network, it is possible to resolve the absolute (not merely the relative) value of the zenith neutral delay at each station in the augmented network. This approach eliminates any need for external comparisons with water vapor radiometer observation...
Histoplasmin-Latex Agglutination Test. II. Results with Human Sera.∗

SummaryThis laboratory has now had 10 years experience with the collodion agglutination test for histoplasmosis (3-9). We use it routinely in screening for active histoplasmosis. The test itself is simple to perform and read. However, smaller laboratories or institutions with lesser demand for serologic studies for histoplasmosis find the preparation of collodion particles too time-consuming for their purposes. Commercially-prepared latex particles show similar results as collodion particles when both are sensitized with histoplasmin. It is suggested from these studies that, as in the collodion agglutination test, a 4 + reaction at 1:5 dilution or higher is compatible with active histoplasmosis. In 4 instances 3 + latex agglutinations were observed in sera showing 4+ collodion tests. Thus, at the present time, 3+ agglutinations with latex are placed in the “suspicious” category. As with collodion agglutinations, 1-2 + reactions are considered negative.Studies are in progress to evaluate further the use of...
Source trustworthiness, opinionated statements, and response to persuasive communication

(1969). Source trustworthiness, opinionated statements, and response to persuasive communication. Speech Monographs: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 1-7.
A new system for astrophysical nuclear reaction studies with radioactive ion beams

Abstract A beam transport system has been constructed for the production and use of secondary beams of radioactive nuclides for astrophysical nuclear reaction studies. This system is based on six magnetic quadrupole lenses. Beams of 7Be and 13N have been produced in the energy range 15–30 MeV. The cross section of the 2H(7Be, 8B)n reaction is measured to be 58±11 mb at E7Be=16.9 MeV.
Cross-Informant Agreement on Child and Adolescent Withdrawn Behavior: A Latent Class Approach

Withdrawn behavior (WB) relates to many developmental outcomes, including pervasive developmental disorders, anxiety, depression, psychosis, personality disorders and suicide. No study has compared the latent profiles of different informants’ reports on WB. This study uses multi-informant latent class analyses (LCA) of the child behavior checklist (CBCL), teacher report form (TRF) and youth self-report (YSR) to examine phenotypic variance in WB. LCA was applied to the CBCL, TRF and YSR of 2,031 youth (ages 6–18); of which 276 children were clinically-referred. A 4-class solution for the CBCL and 3-class solutions for the YSR and TRF were optimal. The CBCL yielded low symptoms, predominantly shy or secretive moderate symptoms, and all symptoms classes. The TRF lacked the moderate—secretive class, and the YSR lacked the moderate—shy class. Agreement was low. LCA shows similar structure of withdrawn behavior across informants but characterizations of moderate WB vary.
Cervical spine stabilization in pediatric patients: Evaluation of current techniques

We evaluated the performance of commercially available infant and pediatric cervical collars, both alone and in combination with commonly used supplemental devices (eg, Kendrick Extrication Device ® , half-spine board). One infant and 11 pediatric-sized collars were tested on mannequins representing an infant and a 5-year old child. Maximum forces generated by cooperative children were measured, then applied to the mannequins to reproduce head and neck flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral motion. Limitation of motion was measured in each direction for each collar and combination method. In general, collars of rigid plastic construction performed better than did foam types. However, when used alone none of the collars provided acceptable immobilization, with even the best allowing 17° flexion, 19° extension, 4° rotation, and 6° lateral motion. When combined with supplemental devices, immobilization to 3° or less in any direction could be achieved. Findings were verified using cooperative children and selected collars. Overall, combination methods were more effective than cervical collars alone ( P P
Two Faces of Representativeness: The Effects of Response Format on Beliefs about Random Sampling

Two beliefs that act in concert have been proposed as the basis for the representativeness heuristic in general, and judgments about random sampling in particular: samples resemble their parent populations (resemblance), and random sampling is a self-correcting process (balancing). Based on the results of a preliminary experiment, we proposed the ‘rule-cuing’ hypothesis, which is that different aspects of sampling problems can invoke these two beliefs separately. We found that when response formats required subjects to estimate themean of a sample, subjects’ responses reflected resemblance beliefs, whereas when subjects estimated the total score in a sample, balancing beliefs were elicited. In additional experiments we eliminated two rival hypotheses: theproblem difficulty hypothesis, and thearithmetic inconsistency hypothesis. Results suggest that beliefs, as well as preferences, may be constructed on-line in response to task characteristics.
Concentration inequalities via zero bias couplings

Abstract The tails of the distribution of a mean zero, variance σ 2 random variable Y satisfy concentration of measure inequalities of the form P ( Y ≥ t ) ≤ exp ( − B ( t ) ) for B ( t ) = t 2 2 ( σ 2 + c t ) for t ≥ 0 , and B ( t ) = t c ( log t − log log t − σ 2 c ) for t > e whenever there exists a zero biased coupling of Y bounded by c , under suitable conditions on the existence of the moment generating function of Y . These inequalities apply in cases where Y is not a function of independent variables, such as for the Hoeffding statistic Y = ∑ i = 1 n a i π ( i ) where A = ( a i j ) 1 ≤ i , j ≤ n ∈ R n × n and the permutation π has the uniform distribution over the symmetric group, and when its distribution is constant on cycle type.
Genetic programming techniques for thin-wire antennas

Simple genetic algorithm optimizations often utilize fixed-length chromosomes containing a predefined set of parameters to be optimized. While such algorithms have successfully created electrically small narrow-band and large wide-band military antennas, they require the antenna designer to have a fairly concrete antenna representation prior to exercising the genetic algorithm. In this research we investigate the use of genetic programming (GP) techniques to "program" the design of simple thin-wire antennas. Genetic programming techniques offer the potential to create random, multi-arm, multi-dimension antennas from variable length, tree-like chromosomes. We present a new genetic programming paradigm for creating multi-branched, thin-wire, genetic antennas and describe how GP commands are represented and decoded into physical antenna structures. We present preliminary results obtained from this algorithm showing evolutions along Pareto fronts representing antenna electrical size, VSWR, and antenna quality factor (Q).
The effect of aging and dietary restriction on DNA repair

DNA repair was studied as a function of age in cells isolated from both the liver and the kidney of male Fischer F344 rats. DNA repair was measured by quantifying unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by UV irradiation. Unscheduled DNA synthesis decreased approximately 50% between the ages of 5 and 30 months in both hepatocytes and kidney cells. The age-related decline in unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells isolated from the liver and kidney was compared in rats fed ad libitum and rats fed a calorie-restricted diet; calorie restriction has been shown to increase the survival of rodents. The level of unscheduled DNA synthesis was significantly higher in hepatocytes and kidney cells isolated from the rats fed the restricted diet. Thus, calorie restriction appears to retard the age-related decline in DNA repair.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate regulates adipocyte actin dynamics and GLUT4 vesicle recycling

To investigate the potential role of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in the regulation of actin polymerization and GLUT4 translocation, the type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) were expressed in 3T3L1 adipocytes. In preadipocytes (fibroblasts) PIP5K expression promoted actin polymerization on membrane-bound vesicles to form motile actin comets. In contrast, expression of PIP5K in differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes resulted in the formation of enlarged vacuole-like structures coated with F-actin, cortactin, dynamin, and N-WASP. Treatment with either latrunculin B (an inhibitor for actin polymerization) or Clostridium difficile toxin B (a general Rho family inhibitor) resulted in a relatively slower disappearance of coated F-actin from these vacuoles, but the vacuoles themselves remained unaffected. Functionally, the increased PI(4,5)P2 levels resulted in an inhibition of transferrin receptor and GLUT4 endocytosis and a slow accumulation of these proteins in the PI(4,5)P2-enriched vacuoles along with the non-clathrin-derived endosome marker (caveolin) and the AP-2 adaptor complex. However, these structures were devoid of early endosome markers (EEA1, clathrin) and the biosynthetic membrane secretory machinery markers p115 (Golgi) and syntaxin 6 (trans-Golgi Network). Taken together, these data demonstrate that PI(4,5)P2 has distinct morphologic and functional properties depending upon specific cell context. In adipocytes, altered PI(4,5)P2 metabolism has marked effects on GLUT4 endocytosis and intracellular vesicle trafficking due to the derangement of actin dynamics.
The effect of insulin on the catecholamine content and tyrosine hydroxylase activity of cat adrenal glands

Abstract Changes in catecholamine content and tyrosine hydroxylase activity after insulin stress in innervated and denervated adrenal glands of cats were investigated. Four hours after 5u/kg insulin intramuscularly, adrenal catecholamines in the innervated gland were moderately depleted. Maximal depletion occurred at 8 hr. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the innervated gland was significantly elevated 12 hr after insulin. There was a significant correlation between the degree of depletion of catecholamines at 12 hr and the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the innervated gland. Cycloheximide administered 4–5 hr after insulin partially blocked the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the innervated gland and reduced the degree of catecholamine depletion associated with insulin stress. The results suggest that insulin stress leads to increased synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase in the adrenal gland several hours after the onset of catecholamine release and depletion. This effect can be at least partially blocked by cycloheximide. The smaller degree of catecholamine depletion induced by stress after cycloheximide treatment indicates that cycloheximide, and other protein synthesis inhibitors, may affect synthesis of other enzymes involved in the formation of neurotransmitters and in this way may affect the function of a variety of neuronal systems.
Quantitative and qualitative aspects of protein synthesis in the preimplantation rabbit embryo.

Abstract Protein synthesis in the preimplantation rabbit embryo has been investigated quantitatively by liquid scintillation counting of radioisotope incorporated into TCA-insoluble material, and qualitatively by electrophoresis of soluble, labeled embryonic proteins. The rate of protein synthesis per embryonic cell decreases approximately 100-fold during the cleavage period, whereas it increases some 10-fold and remains constant shortly after cavitation and early blastocyst formation have occurred. The pattern of incorporation of radioisotope into soluble embryonic proteins changes to resemble the pattern of demonstrable bulk proteins as the embryo becomes a blastocyst. The question of the necessity of genetic transcription during cleavage is discussed. The data on protein synthesis are shown to be compatible with delayed genetic intervention in early mammalian development.
Bone marrow microenvironment in myelomagenesis: its potential role in early diagnosis

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, with an overall survival of 4–6 years. It is always preceded by a premalignant stage called monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). Importantly, at this time we lack reliable predictors to determine who will progress from MGUS to MM, and who will remain stable. The bone marrow microenvironment plays a key role in myelomagenesis (growth, survival and migration of malignant plasma cells). In the present review, we summarize and discuss our current understanding of the bone marrow microenvironment and its compartments in relation to myelomagenesis. Although it remains to be proven, we believe that an improved characterization of the cellular constituents, the extracellular matrix components and the soluble factors of the bone marrow could open up novel avenues to better understand underlying mechanisms of the transformation from MGUS to MM. Ultimately, this will lead to the development of early treatment of high-risk precursor disease aimed to delay/prevent MM.
Emergency management and sequelae of acid ingestion

Because it causes immediate pain when taken into the mouth, strong mineral acid is less often swallowed than corrosive alkali, but psychotic, inebriated or determined individuals may consume lethal amounts. Burns of the oropharynx and glottis may lead to asphyxial death. Acid has only superficial effects upon the esophagus but, upon reaching the stomach, flows along the lesser curvature, induces pylorospasm, and pools in the distal antrum. Pyloric stricture is the most common late complication among survivors. Due to the rapidity with which acid acts, local and systemic therapy must be expeditious. Neutralization and demulcification are recommended but no time should be lost if weak alkali is not readily available. Lavage has limited applicability and induced emesis is strictly contraindicated. Aggressive intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics, and opiates for pain are needed in most instances. Immediate gastrectomy and steroids are controversial but operative intervention is eventually required following most significant ingestions.
Mean excitation energies of Al2O3 and SiO2 extracted from alpha particle stopping power measurements

Abstract Previously reported measurements of the stopping powers of Al2O3 and SiO2 for 0.2–2 MeV and 5.48 MeV alpha particles have been analyzed for extraction of values of parameters from modified Bethe-Bloch theory. Two-parameter fits were conducted for values of mean excitation energy and one of two available Barkas-effect parameters. Resulting mean excitation energies lay below additivity-based predictions, whereas Barkas-effect parameters essentially coincided with values prescribed by the formalism.
SIRT4 Has Tumor-Suppressive Activity and Regulates the Cellular Metabolic Response to DNA Damage by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Glutamine Metabolism

DNA damage elicits a cellular signaling response that initiates cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Here, we find that DNA damage triggers a critical block in glutamine metabolism, which is required for proper DNA damage responses. This block requires the mitochondrial SIRT4, which is induced by numerous genotoxic agents and represses the metabolism of glutamine into tricarboxylic acid cycle. SIRT4 loss leads to both increased glutamine-dependent proliferation and stress-induced genomic instability, resulting in tumorigenic phenotypes. Moreover, SIRT4 knockout mice spontaneously develop lung tumors. Our data uncover SIRT4 as an important component of the DNA damage response pathway that orchestrates a metabolic block in glutamine metabolism, cell cycle arrest, and tumor suppression.
Terpene changes due to maturation and canopy level in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) flush needle oil

Abstract Monoterpene accumulation during maturation of the current year's growth of Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain variety, is characterized by a two-phase response. Beginning at or near budbreak, α-pinene and a tricyclene-(1)-camphene-bornyl acetate biogenetic group accumulate 3–10-fold. This is followed by another lesser increase later in the season of the minor components (E-) ocimene, citronellal, and borneol. In contrast, levels of β-pinene, myrcene, and terpinolene, and the sesquiterpenes γ-cadinene, α-bisabolene, and an oxygenated sesquiterpene, did not vary significantly during needle maturation. These increases occur first in the lower canopy and proceed upward toward the mid- and upper-canopy levels shortly thereafter. Implications of these observations with respect to metabolism, host-insect interactions, and silviculture management are discussed.
Effects of experience and short-term practice on drivers' eye movements and errors in simulated dangerous situations

Two groups of 10 subjects tracked a segment of the Aetna training film, Traffic Strategy, six times by manipulating the controls of the Aetna Drivo-Trainer station. One group was composed of licensed drivers, the other, nonlicensed. No significant differences were found with respect to (1) use of the accelerator, (2) frequency of eye movements, (3) length of eye movements, (4) fixation errors, (5) driving errors, or (6) the relationshiop of control actions to driving errors. Differences were noted with respect to: (1) steering and braking, (2) the effects of practice on control actions and driving errors, and (3) the relationship of amplitude of eye movement to control actions and driving errors. The results are discussed in terms of possible differences in search strategy between experienced and inexperienced drivers.
The hyaline layer is a collagen-containing extracellular matrix in sea urchin embryos and reaggregating cells

Abstract Evidence is given to support the classification of the hyaline layer of sea urchin embryos and reaggregating cells as a collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Ruthenium red staining shows the presence of striated fibril-like structures, dense spheroids, crystalline lattice structures and filamentous material. Collagenase digestion causes disappearance of the fibril-like structures; hyaluronidase treatment causes a diminution of other matrix components, but does not affect the fibrillar structures. The hyaline layer maintains the integrity of the embryo and is also involved in morphogenesis, which are among the functions of extracellular matrices.
PROTECTION AGAINST THE LETHAL EFFECT OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS IN MICE BY NEONATAL THYMECTOMY.

EVIDENCE has recently been summarized1 for a hypothesis stating that the lethal effect of lymphocytic chorio-meningitis virus infection in mice depends on a severe immunological conflict between the rapidly multiplying viral parasite and the immune response of the host to this foreign antigen. In this light, the lymphocytic response to this virus is seen as a part of the immune response acting to eliminate the virus-infected tissue by a mechanism comparable with the homograft response. This hypothesis integrates the protective effect of χ-irradiation, amethopterin treatment, the ability of new-born and con-genitally infected animals to tolerate the virus by immunological tolerance or paralysis, and also the extreme hyper-sensitivity to endotoxin developed during the incubation period of acute infection by this virus.
Effect of pelleting on glucosinolate content of Crambe meal

Abstract Crambe meal is a coproduct of Crambe processing; because of relatively high protein, it has potential as an animal foodstuff but is limited by high glucosinolate content. Crambe meal can be pelleted to improve handling characteristics, but the effects of pelleting on glucosinolate content are not known. The objective was to determine the effect of pelleting on the glucosinolate content of Crambe meal and the effect of diets containing Crambe meal on growing rats. Pelleting did not affect the glucosinolate content of Crambe meal or diets containing Crambe meal. Intake of diets containing 100 g Crambe meal per kg (dry matter basis) was similar to that of controls, but gains were lower for rats fed Crambe meal diets. There were no effects on blood parameters, but there were some minor tissue changes, reflecting the goitrogenic nature of the glucosinolates found in Crambe meal.
A familial syndrome of renal, genital, and middle ear anomalies

A family is described in which 4 female siblings showed varying degrees of renal dysgenesis, ranging from unilateral hypoplasia to bilateral agenesis. This was associated with internal genital malformation, in particular vaginal atresia, and with anomalies of the ossicles of the middle ear.
Alterations to the en bloc basic fuchsin staining protocol for the demonstration of microdamage produced in vivo

En bloc staining with basic fuchsin has become the method of choice to demonstrate bone microdamage produced in vivo. Several alterations have recently been made to the protocol. This technical note presents the new protocols, which include staining through a graded series of alcohols under vacuum, and eliminating the original evaporation stage in the staining protocol. Reasons for variations in staining quality can be related to inadequate dehydration, failure to stain under vacuum, the source of the basic fuchsin, or the solubility of basic fuchsin in water. The most common reasons for over- or understaining are the time left in stain, and the density of the bone. Limitations to the technique include the fact that probably not all cracks are stained by the technique, and the technique is not useful for studies that involve bone with highly variable densities in a single section.
Effects of increased meal frequency on fat oxidation and perceived hunger

Objective Consuming smaller, more frequent meals is often advocated as a means of controlling body weight, but studies demonstrating a mechanistic effect of this practice on factors associated with body weight regulation are lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of consuming three (3M) vs. six meals (6M) per day on 24-h fat oxidation and subjective ratings of hunger.
Vorticity Transport Integral Concept for Determining Wave Forces on Submerged Bodies

The vorticity transport integral (VTI) concept affords an anaIytica1 procedure that is well suited to determining the wave lnrces on bodies and structural dements in a marine environment. The concept can be applied to any unsteady flow; however, it is especially suited lo the treatment of flows assucimted with ocean waves in which an object experiences complete flow reversal with wake motion confined to the vicinity of the body. As ad integral approach it allows forces to be determined accurately with either an approximate description ar an exact soluliun uf the flow. Because the integrals have significadt values only near the body, the approach avoids the problems inherent with the evaluation of integrals over large volumes of fluid. The resulting expresslonu are used in a qualitative appraise1 of the varlous contributions to the tots1 force on a body in an unsteady flowfleld.
DRoP: DNS-based router positioning

In this paper we focus on geolocating Internet routers, using a methodology for extracting and decoding geography-related strings from fully qualified domain names (hostnames). We first compiled an extensive dictionary associating geographic strings (e.g., airport codes) with geophysical locations. We then searched a large set of router hostnames for these strings, assuming each autonomous naming domain uses geographic hints consistently within that domain. We used topology and performance data continually collected by our global measurement infrastructure to discern whether a given hint appears to co-locate different hostnames in which it is found. Finally, we generalized geolocation hints into domain-specific rule sets. We generated a total of 1,711 rules covering 1,398 different domains and validated them using domain-specific ground truth we gathered for six domains. Unlike previous efforts which relied on labor-intensive domain-specific manual analysis, we automate our process for inferring the domain specific heuristics, substantially advancing the state-of-the-art of methods for geolocating Internet resources.
Femtosecond Dynamics of Transition States and the Concept of Concertedness: Nitrogen Extrusion of Azomethane Reactions

In this communication, we report femtosecond, real-time studies of the nature of the transition states and the concept of concertedness in the nitrogen extrusion reaction of azomethane. Many thermal and photochemical reactions involve the breaking or making of several chemical bonds. Important to the mechanism are the following questions: How do the two (or more) bonds break? What is the time scale for the elementary steps? What is the true nature of the transition states (TS)? The literature is very rich with discussions on the relationship between the nature of the transition state or structural intermediate and the two extreme descriptions of the reaction, concerted or consecutive, i.e., stepwise (see, e.g., refs 1 and 2). These descriptions are critical to the understanding of the reaction path, the stereochemistry, and the structure of the TS, but in many studies their definition is operational depending on the experimental approach and time scales. With femtosecond resolution, nuclear motions can be studied, allowing for a true definition of concertedness and a clear distinction between TS(s) and intermediate(s).
DETERMINATION OF BASE SEQUENCE IN NUCLEIC ACIDS WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. II. THE REACTION OF A GUANINE-SELECTIVE MARKER WITH THE MONONUCLEOTIDES.

Abstract The reaction of diazotized 2-amino- p -benzenedisulphonic acid with the nucleotides was investigated at several pH values. At pH 9 guanylic aicds react 60 times faster than any of the other common nucleotides. The reaction leads to an addition product which contains the phosphorus and the base of the nucleotides and the sulphur of the diazonium salt. At pH 2 and 22° the product decomposes over 10 h; at pH 9 it is stable for several days. The diazonium salt reacts with ribose, deoxyribose and ribose 5'-phosphate at rates comparable to that of the nucleotides other than guanylic acid, suggesting the sugar as the site of the slow reactions. These results suggest that the guanine residues of the nucleic acid molecules could selectively be labelled over the other.
Inhibition studies on chicken muscle aldose reductase

Abstract Several compounds that are known to inhibit mammalian aldose reductases were examined for their effects on chicken muscle aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Sorbinil was the most effective compound tested. Alrestatin and phenobarbital were effective inhibitors of the enzyme although their ic 50 values were 10-fold more than that of Sorbinil. Indomethacin, diphenylhydantoin, phenacetin, and valproate were also inhibitors of chicken muscle aldose reductase but were less effective. These compounds are all non-competitive inhibitors with respect to substrate. Menadione bisulfite, a water-soluble analog of Vitamin K(In3) which is a substrate for carbonyl reductase but not aldose reductase, was a competitive inhibitor of chicken aldose reductase with respect to substrate. This observation is discussed with reference to the possible treatment of muscular dystrophy with specific inhibitors of aldose reductases.
Acetylation of cortisol by neonatal rat brain in vitro

Abstract Cortisol-1, 2-H 3 was converted by 3 day old rat brain minces to cortisol-21-acetate and cortisone-21-acetate. Yields of 10.7% and 5.2% respectively were obtained from the incubates.
The eigenvalue spreads of a hermitian matrix and its principal submatrices

Inequalities are proved connecting the eigenvalue spread of a Hermitian matix to the eigenvalue spreads of its collection of principal submatrices. An application is made to the numerical range of general matrices.
Transfection with a cDNA encoding a Ser31 or Ser35 mutant human dihydrofolate reductase into Chinese hamster ovary and mouse marrow progenitor cells confers methotrexate resistance

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DHFR − cells were converted into the DHFR + phenotype when they were transfected with a mammalian expression vector carrying human dihydrofolate reductase-encoding cDNAs ( DHFR ) containing a Ser 31 or a Ser 34 mutation. Furthermore, transfection of these mutants into wild-type CHO cells resulted in resistance to high levels of methotrexate (MTX), indicating that these human variants can act as dominant selectable markers. Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction amplifications confirmed that the transfected plasmids were integrated into the CHO DNA. Gene copy number analysis revealed that both the Ser 31 and the Ser 34 mutants are amplifiable when grown in increasing concentrations of MTX. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of the Ser 31 mutant into mouse marrow progenitor cells also resulted in MTX-resistant CFU-GM (colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage) cells.
A MODEL FOR CYTOPLASMIC RHEOLOGY CONSISTENT WITH MAGNETIC TWISTING CYTOMETRY

Magnetic twisting cytometry is gaining wide applicability as a tool for the investigation of the rheological properties of cells and the mechanical properties of receptor-cytoskeletal interactions. Current technology involves the application and release of magnetically induced torques on small magnetic particles bound to or inside cells, with measurements of the resulting angular rotation of the particles. The properties of purely elastic or purely viscous materials can be determined by the angular strain and strain rate, respectively. However, the cytoskeleton and its linkage to cell surface receptors display elastic, viscous, and even plastic deformation, and the simultaneous characterization of these properties using only elastic or viscous models is internally inconsistent. Data interpretation is complicated by the fact that in current technology, the applied torques are not constant in time, but decrease as the particles rotate. This paper describes an internally consistent model consisting of a parallel viscoelastic element in series with a parallel viscoelastic element, and one approach to quantitative parameter evaluation. The unified model reproduces all essential features seen in data obtained from a wide variety of cell populations, and contains the pure elastic, viscoelastic, and viscous cases as subsets.