cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atrium Design and the Science of Daylighting: A Comparative Field Study

Scientific and analytical advances in lighting design metrics have created a perspective that empirically defines measurable parameters of daylight. These have narrowly focused on illuminance-based metrics of light and energy efficiency of high-performance buildings and disregarded the qualitative and health-effective dimensions of daylight. Design strategies implemented should not only meet green building standards and certification guidelines, but also consider human physiological and psychological responses. The intent of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the design approach of atriums in two LEED educational buildings with regards to building performance, chronobiological benchmarks, and occupant’s behavior. To assess visual comfort and discomfort, light illuminance and spectral power distribution measurements were taken inside both atriums to analyze the spaces throughout a typical equinox day, and at different days for varying sky conditions. The results from this visual environment analysis were then translated to assess health effective light received with the use of the circadian stimulus (CS) and equivalent melanopic lux (EML) metrics. Behavioral logs and surveys were also documented to help establish any patterns that could draw attention to human responses which could identify mediating factors in the indoor environment. Results indicate that illuminance level measurements taken on horizontal planes tend to be greater than those in vertical planes facing different directions. This addresses designers’ misconception that meeting a spatial Daylighting Autonomy at the 300 lux benchmark (sDA300) on the horizontal working plane is sufficient. It is also noted that meeting the sDA300 benchmark is not a strong indicator of maintaining 0.3 circadian stimulus or 250 EML benchmark. Both circadian stimulus and equivalent melanopic lux biological benchmarks appear to be more difficult to meet than the visual task illuminance level benchmark requirements. This chapter highlights how human responses to the design of the luminous environment fit in the overarching scheme of daylighting design parameters and metrics. It emphasizes lesser known potential health effective light metrics adopted in the field for increased applications.
Histopathological distinction of non-invasive and invasive bladder cancers using machine learning approaches

One of the most challenging tasks for bladder cancer diagnosis is to histologically differentiate two early stages, non-invasive Ta and superficially invasive T1, the latter of which is associated with a significantly higher risk of disease progression. Indeed, in a considerable number of cases, Ta and T1 tumors look very similar under microscope, making the distinction very difficult even for experienced pathologists. Thus, there is an urgent need for a favoring system based on machine learning (ML) to distinguish between the two stages of bladder cancer. A total of 1177 images of bladder tumor tissues stained by hematoxylin and eosin were collected by pathologists at University of Rochester Medical Center, which included 460 non-invasive (stage Ta) and 717 invasive (stage T1) tumors. Automatic pipelines were developed to extract features for three invasive patterns characteristic to the T1 stage bladder cancer (i.e., desmoplastic reaction, retraction artifact, and abundant pinker cytoplasm), using imaging processing software ImageJ and CellProfiler. Features extracted from the images were analyzed by a suite of machine learning approaches. We extracted nearly 700 features from the Ta and T1 tumor images. Unsupervised clustering analysis failed to distinguish hematoxylin and eosin images of Ta vs. T1 tumors. With a reduced set of features, we successfully distinguished 1177 Ta or T1 images with an accuracy of 91–96% by six supervised learning methods. By contrast, convolutional neural network (CNN) models that automatically extract features from images produced an accuracy of 84%, indicating that feature extraction driven by domain knowledge outperforms CNN-based automatic feature extraction. Further analysis revealed that desmoplastic reaction was more important than the other two patterns, and the number and size of nuclei of tumor cells were the most predictive features. We provide a ML-empowered, feature-centered, and interpretable diagnostic system to facilitate the accurate staging of Ta and T1 diseases, which has a potential to apply to other types of cancer.
On Kauffman bracket skein modules at roots of unity

Let us recall the definition of the Kauffman bracket skein module, which was introduced by J Przytycki [15] and V Turaev [18]. Let RDCŒt. A framed link in an oriented 3–manifold M is a disjoint union of smoothly embedded circles, equipped with a nonzero normal vector field. The empty set is also considered a framed link. The Kauffman bracket skein module S.M / is the R–module spanned by isotopy classes of framed links in M subject to the relations LD tLCC t L ; (1) LtU D .tC t /L; (2) where in the first identity, L;LC;L are identical except in a ball in which they look like they do in Figure 1, and in the second identity, the left-hand side stands for the union of a link L and the trivial framed knot U in a ball disjoint from L. If M DR then S.R/DR. The value of a framed link L in S.R/DRDCŒt is a version of the Jones polynomial; see Kauffman [10].
Epitaxial Growth Of Nickel Nanocrystals By Domain Matching Epitaxy

We show that epitaxial nickel (fcc structure, lattice constant of 0.3528nm) nanocrystals are formed inside magnesium oxide (sodium chloride structure, lattice constant of 0.4201nm) matrix, where the misfit ranges from 3.0% to 31.3% on different interfaces. By controlling the annealing conditions, we obtained two distinct epitaxial morphologies: (1) cube-on-cube with Ni // MgO with a misfit of about 18.0%; and (2) morphology with // MgO (misfit 31.3%); Ni // MgO (misfit 3.0%); and Ni // MgO (misfit 17.0%). These results on epitaxial growth of nickel on MgO with misfit ranging from 3.0% to 31.3% are consistent with the domain matching epitaxy paradigm (DME), where integral multiple of lattice planes match across the film-substrate interface. The lattice planes include all the planes in a crystal structure, not just the diffraction planes involved in the X-ray, electron and neutron scattering. The residual misfit away from the integral multiples is accommodated by the principle of domain variation, where two or three sets of domains alternate with a certain frequency to minimize the misfit close to zero. The epitaxy in the DME paradigm is defined as the film having a fixed orientation which could be the same under certain conditions. From these results on Ni epitaxy, the dominant role of planes and matching of integral multiples of planes to accommodate small to large misfit are clearly established according to the DME paradigm.
Development of Scenario and Training Materials: Fundamentals, Interprofessional and Hybrid Scenarios, and Inclusion of Patients in Standardized Patient Methodology (in Implementing Best Practices in Standardized Patient Methodology)

Development of scenarios and training materials for Standardized Patient (SP) based activities is a process in which multiple components need to be considered including educational objectives, level of the learner, healthcare content, and SP methodology expertise. The process for developing the content for human simulation activities is simplified by the use of a template including administrative details for recruiting SPs, defining the needs for the planned activity and materials for training the SPs. This chapter incorporates the Association of Standardized Patient Educators (ASPE) template and provides tips when developing cases and associated training materials. Suggestions when creating cases for interprofessional team assessment, and simulated families (and other groups) will be discussed.
Patterns of Technology Use Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer and Implications for Telehealth

Objective: To describe baseline technology use within the head and neck cancer (HNC) population prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. Setting: The NHIS is a survey of population health administered in person annually to a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized US residents via a complex clustered sampling design. Methods: Data regarding technology use, cancer history, and demographics were extracted from the NHIS. The study population comprised individuals who completed the NHIS Sample Adult survey from 2012 to 2018 and self-reported a cancer diagnosis. Poisson regression was used to evaluate associations between demographics and general or health-related technology use and prevalence ratios reported. Results: Patients with HNC were less likely to use general technology (computers, internet, or email) when compared with other patients with cancer (60% vs 73%, P 400% federal poverty level). Older age and lower education were negatively associated with health-related technology use (aPR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.32-0.67] for age 65-79 years vs <50 years;aPR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.30-0.74] for high school vs master). Conclusion: Socioeconomic disparities exist in technology use rates among patients with HNC. Access to technology may pose a barrier to telehealth visits for many patients with HNC due to the unique socioeconomic demographics of this patient population. © The Authors 2021.
Testing affect regulation models of drinking prior to and after drinking initiation using ecological momentary assessment.

OBJECTIVE Affect regulation models of drinking state that affect motivates and reinforces drinking. Few studies have been able to elucidate the timing of these associations in natural settings. We tested positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) as predictors of drinking behavior, both prior to and during drinking episodes, and whether drinking predicted changes in affect during episodes. METHOD Two hundred twenty-two regularly drinking young adults (21-29 years, 84% undergraduates), completed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol for five consecutive 24-hr periods stretching across 6 days (Wednesday-Monday). Participants provided PA and NA reports three times daily and every half hour during drinking episodes. Alcohol consumption reports were provided each morning and every half hour during drinking episodes. RESULTS Multi-level models showed that greater pre-drinking PA predicted higher odds of drinking, but not number of drinks consumed. Pre-drinking NA did not predict same day odds of drinking or drinks consumed. Episode-level results revealed different associations for PA and NA with drinking. Current PA did not predict drinks consumed over the next half hour; however, increased drinking was associated with greater increases in PA over the next half hour. Higher NA predicted fewer drinks consumed in the next half hour and higher odds of the end of a drinking episode; however, increased drinking was not associated with changes in NA. CONCLUSIONS PA increased following drinking during episodes. Our results suggest that a focus on PA prior to episodes and a focus on NA during episodes may interrupt processes leading to heavy drinking, and may therefore aid prevention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Elbow Treated with Arthroscopy:

Objectives:While numerous studies exist evaluating the short-term clinical outcomes for patients who underwent arthroscopy for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum, literature on long-...
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Precision Vestibular Rehabilitation in Adolescents following Concussion: Preliminary Findings

Objective To compare the effectiveness of a 4-week precision vestibular rehabilitation intervention compared with a behavioral management control intervention for adolescents with vestibular symptoms/impairment within 21 days of a concussion. Study design This study used double-blind, randomized controlled trial design involving adolescent (12-18 years) patients with a diagnosed sport/recreation-related concussion with vestibular symptoms/impairment from a concussion-specialty clinic between October 2018 and February 2020. Eligible participants were randomized in a 1:1 to either a 4-week vestibular intervention group (VESTIB) or a behavioral management control group (CONTROL). CONTROLS (n = 25) were prescribed behavioral management strategies (eg, physical activity, sleep, hydration, nutrition, stress management) and instructed to perform stretching/physical activity (eg, walking, stationary cycle) 30 minutes/day. VESTIB (n = 25) were prescribed precision vestibular rehabilitation exercises and instructed to perform at-home exercises for 30 minutes/day. Primary outcomes were improvement in Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening vestibular items (ie, horizontal/vertical vestibular-ocular reflex, visual motion sensitivity) at 4 weeks postenrollment. Results We screened 310 and enrolled a total of 55 (18%) adolescent patients who were randomized to one of the interventions. Fifty of fifty-five (91%) participants completed all aspects of the study protocol. Participants in VESTIB improved significantly across the intervention period in horizontal (mean difference-1.628; 95% CI [-3.20, −0.06]; P = .04) and vertical (mean difference-2.24; 95% CI [-4.01, −0.48]; P = .01) vestibular-ocular reflex, but not visual motion sensitivity (mean difference-2.03; 95% CI [-4.26, 0.19]) of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening score compared with CONTROLS. Conclusions Overall, the vestibular intervention group experienced greater clinical improvements in vestibular symptoms/impairment than controls across the 4-week intervention. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT03555370.
Cutting Edge: Attenuated Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Eta-1/Osteopontin-Deficient Mice

Recent studies indicate that early T lymphocyte activation 1 (Eta-1), also known as osteopontin, is a cytokine contributing to the development of Th1 immunity. In the present report, the role of Eta-1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease associated with Th1 immunity, was examined by analysis of disease progression in Eta-1-deficient (Eta-1 −/− ) mice. Although incidence and onset of peptide-induced EAE were found to be similar in Eta-1 −/− and Eta-1 +/+ mice, Eta-1 −/− mice displayed significantly lower mean maximal clinical score and faster recovery without spontaneous relapses. Accordingly, decreased inflammatory infiltration and demyelination were observed in the spinal cords of Eta-1 −/− mice. Furthermore, in comparison to Eta-1 +/+ , Eta-1 −/− CD4 + T cells had reduced expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α upon ex vivo restimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that Eta-1 may sustain autoimmune responses by assisting in maintenance of Th1 immunity during EAE.
^7Li NMR Relaxation in Supreionic β-Lithium Aluminum

NMR measurements have been carried out on stoichiometric β-LiAl samples as a function of temperature and frequency. The 7 Li spin-lattice relaxation was found to be predominantly dipolar. Data were analyzed using several diffusion models. The results show that a fraction of the constitutional Li vacancies in β-LiAl is bound to the vicinity of a Li antisite defect. The remaining free vacancies are responsible for the fact that LiAl is a superionic Li conductor. The spin-spin relaxation results support this picture of two different vacancy environments. The high-temperature results demonstrate still another type of Li diffusion related to thermally-generated defects.
Corpus callosum shape and size changes in early Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal MRI study using the OASIS brain database.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been shown to be associated with shrinkage of the corpus callosum mid-sagittal cross-sectional area (CCA). Objective: To study temporal rates of corpus callosum atrophy not previously reported for early AD. Methods: We used longitudinal MRI scans to study the rates of change of CCA and circularity (CIR), a measure of its shape, in normal controls (NC, n = 75), patients with very mild AD (AD-VM, n = 51), and mild AD (AD-M, n = 21). Results: There were significant reduction rates in CCA and CIR in all three groups. While CCA reduction rates were not statistically different between groups, the CIR declined faster in AD-VM (p < 0.03) and AD-M (p < 0.0001) relative to NC, and in AD-M relative to AD-VM (p < 0.0004). Conclusion: CIR declines at an accelerated rate with AD severity. Its rate of change is more closely associated with AD progression than CCA or any of its sub-regions. CIR may be a useful group biomarker for objective assessment of treatments that aim to slow AD progression.
Laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Do we get faster

The advent and reportedly positive results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy1–3 along with advances in instrumentation has prompted surgeons to apply laparoscopic techniques to the treatment of other gastrointestinal diseases including disorders of the colon, rectum and anus.
Optical and photoelectric properties of organic charge transfer crystals

One dimensional molecular packing and the polar nature of their excited states are characteristic features of charge transfer (CT) crystals. Both properties lead to unique band structures where excitonic states and free electron hole pair levels are in close proximity and thus give rise to interesting photoelectric properties. Spectroscopic data and transport measurements are presented which document the polar nature of the excited state and which show that electron hole separation processes are more efficient in CT crystal than in normal anthracene-like molecular crystals. A special feature of CT crystals, their one dimensionality, is discussed in detail. It is shown by microscopic experiments on charge carrier trapping that the anisotropy in these materials can be quite large (100:1). This anisotropy is mostly masked in straght-forward macroscopic mobility experiments.
Terminology Matters: Patient Understanding of “Opioids” and “Narcotics”

Background: The terms “opioid” and “narcotic” are often used interchangeably by healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to compare understanding “narcotics” vs. “opioids.” Methods: A convenience sample of English-speaking women (n = 188), aged 21–45 years, seeking care at a primary care clinic were asked (1) “What is an opioid/narcotic?” (2) “Give an example of an opioid/narcotic?” (3) “Why does someone take an opioid/narcotic?” and (4) “What happens when someone takes an opioid/narcotic for a long time?” Responses were recorded verbatim by a research assistant and then coded independently by two investigators. Results: More than half of respondents (55.9%) responded “don’t know” to all 4 opioid questions, while just 3.2% responded “don’t know” to all 4 narcotic questions (P < 0.01). Most women were unfamiliar with the term opioid (76.3%) and did not know why someone would take an opioid (68.8%). About two-thirds of respondents were able to give an example of a narcotic (64.2%) and knew the consequences of long-term narcotic use (63.2%). Conclusions: While more women were more familiar with narcotic, many identified negative connotations with this term. Future research should explore how to improve patient understanding and attitudes regarding both the terms opioids and narcotics.
Particle Production in 158.a Gev 208PB+208PB Collisions

The production of neutral pions in 158A GeV {sup 208}Pb+{sup 208}Pb collisions has been studied in the WA98 experiment. The centrality dependence of the neutral pion production is investigated. An invariance of the spectral shape and a simple scaling of the yield with the number of participating nucleons is observed for centralities with more than about 50 participants. The transverse mass spectrum is analyzed in terms of a thermal model with hydrodynamic expansion. The high accuracy and large kinematic coverage of the measurement constrains the extracted freeze-out parameters, and provides information on the freeze-out velocity profile.
Attenuation of thrombolysis by release of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 from platelets

Abstract Although platelets contain approximately 90% of the total amount of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) present in blood, the functional significance of PAI-1 in platelets has been controversial. Most assessments of platelet PAI-I have been performed with platelet lysates in which the PAI-I derived from platelets may have been inactivated during the course of lysis. This study was performed to determine whether elaboration of PAI-1 from platelets activated physiologically by thrombolysis of pre-formed clots inhibits activation of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Human whole blood clots were formed in Chandler tubes, and release of PAI-1 from platelets was quantified during and after clot formation. Subsequently, clots were placed in different Chandler tubes, and the effects of platelet PAI-1 on lysis induced by t-PA were characterized. Both the activity and concentrations of PAI-1 elaborated from platelets peaked approximately 15 min after induction of clotting. Induction of clot lysis with t-PA, 1,000 to 5,000 ng/ml, was inhibited by platelet-rich compared with platelet-poor plasma. Platelets inhibited lysis of preformed clots by t-PA and plasminogen in buffer solutions as well. Both the inhibition of clot lysis and accumulation of PAI-1 released from platelets were prevented by attenuation of thrombin-mediated activation of platelets with hirudin. Furthermore, the PAI-I mediated inhibition was obviated by blockade of PAI-1 activity with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to PAI-1. These results indicate that platelets inhibit clot lysis induced by t-PA by releasing functionally active PAI-1.
A Technique to Verify or Correct Analogue Position and Soft Tissue Profile on an Implant Working Cast

A procedure which allows verification of the implant working cast and a method to correct the position of one or more implant analogues, if necessary, is described. In a single procedure, a corrected, accurate cast with soft tissue profile can be obtained by using a polyether impression material in conjunction with an acrylic resin jig. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;102:137-139)
SEISMIC FACIES CHANGES ALONG A NEARLY CONTINUOUS 24 LATITUDINAL TRANSECT :THE FJORDS OF CHILE AND THE NORTHERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA

Abstract High-resolution seismic reflection profiles and piston cores from bays, fjords, and straits of the inland passage of Chile and the northern Antarctic Peninsula region were used to examine changes in seismic facies along a nearly continuous 24 ° latitudinal transect that encompasses temperate, subpolar, and polar climatic regimes. These climatic regimes are characterized by differences in seismic facies. Eight seismic facies are recognized on the basis of reflection character, intensity of acoustic contrast at bounding surfaces, and external shape of the unit. The northern and central Chilean fjord region is a temperate maritime setting characterized by thick ice-proximal and ice-distal glacial-marine strata and a variety of morainal features. The southern inland passage and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica represent transitional (sub-polar) glacial-marine settings. These areas are characterized by relict ice-proximal glacialmarine facies and relatively thin ice-distal glacial-marine facies. Morainal ridges occur in bays and fjords of Chile. The northern Antarctic Peninsula is a polar climatic setting. The straits, bays, and fjords of the region have been virtually scraped clean of sediments. A thin, draping glacial-marine unit occurs locally in these areas.
Neurotrophic regulation of prejunctional and postjunctional membrane at the mammalian motor endplate

Abstract The trophic influence of nerve on muscle was investigated by studying the effect of transecting the sciatic nerve or its branches at various distances from the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. If the rate at which the muscle responds to denervation were related to the level of nerve transection, a neurotrophic mechanism would have to be postulated, because the operation abolishes such non-neurotrophic factors as neuromuscular transmission and muscle activity. partial membrane depolarization of muscle fibers and spread of extrajunctional sensitivity to acetylcholine occurred much sooner when the nerve was transected near the muscle than when it was transected farther away. These changes preceded the disappearance of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials, thus indicating that quantal release of acetylcholine is not responsible for the maintenance of the resting potential or for the distribution of acetylcholine receptors in innervated muscle. An increase in spontaneous transmitter release was observed prior to the disappearance of miniature endplate potentials. This increase, which reflects a partial depolarization of the prejunctional nerve membrane, occurred sooner when the nerve was transected near the muscle than when it was cut farther away. We therefore conclude that both the prejunctional nerve membrane and the postjunctional muscle membrane are regulated by a neurohumoral, trophic mechanism.
Does the Addition of Pindolol Accelerate or Enhance the Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants

Although in the last few years new antidepressants have become available in the United States, responses in many patients differ, from none, to partial, to delayed therapeutic response to the agents. If the antidepressant properties of these drugs could be enhanced or accelerated, it might be possible to improve patient functioning and quality of life. Pindolol, a serotonin 1A autoreceptor antagonist, accelerates and augments the therapeutic effects of antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Understanding and improving materials processing through interpreting and manipulating predictive models

Most physically based modeling software accepts input in the form of geometry definition, physical parameters, initial conditions, and boundary conditions; and then, on the basis of solving physical conservation equations, predicts the steady-state or transient behavior of a system or process. There is a growing need to create software tools that can themselves control or manipulate the physically based models in certain ways to enhance the usability of models for equipment design and process optimization. These required tools can be described broadly in the following categories: sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation, inverse problems, dynamic optimization, and real-time control. This paper discusses generally the development and application of such modeling tools, drawing examples from a specific RTP reactor design. These techniques accelerate significantly the optimal design of processes and the concurrent engineering of real-time process-control algorithms.
Evaluation of the relative sensitivities of 7-D Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity tests for cadmium and sodium pentachlorophenate

A comparison of the results of 7-d Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity tests indicated that the two species were equally sensitive to sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP) but that C. dubia was more sensitive to cadmium. The most sensitive chronic endpoint varied with species and test chemical. The most sensitive index of cadmium stress in D. magna was body length of primiparous females, whereas in C. dubia it was total young produced per female. For both D. magna and C. dubia, reproductive indices were more sensitive indicators of PCP stress than was survival. The results of this study, along with data from the literature, suggest that C. dubia is as, or more, sensitive to inorganic and organic chemicals than is D. magna, and that, if the indices of toxicity are carefully chosen, 7-d tests may provide estimates of no-effect concentrations that are as low as those generated in tests of longer duration.
The 71 kDa glutamate-binding protein is increased in cerebellar granule cells after chronic ethanol treatment

Abstract Besides the N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor proteins NR1 and NR2, another complex of proteins which has been shown to contain ligand-binding sites characteristic of NMDA receptors is expressed in cerebellar granule cells. One of the proteins in the latter complex is the 71 kDa glutamate-binding protein (GBP). To determine the role of the GBP in the response to NMDA, primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells were treated with an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to mRNA for this protein. This treatment substantially reduced both mRNA and protein levels of the GBP, as well as the response of the cells to NMDA, measured as an increase in intracellular Ca2+ with fura-2 fluorescence. The antisense oligonucleotide treatment did not alter the Ca2+ responses to KC1 or kainate. Chronic ethanol exposure has previously been shown to increase NMDA receptor function and the density of binding sites for the NMDA receptor channel blocker, dizocilpine, in cerebellar granule cells. Chronic exposure of the cells to 100 mM ethanol is now shown to result in significant increases in mRNA and protein levels for the GBP (45% and 100%, respectively). Ethanol treatment did not affect mRNA levels for NR1 or NR2A, caused only a small increase (20%) in protein levels for NR1, and resulted in a decrease (30%) in NR2A protein. Although a role of the NMDA receptor NR 1 NR 2 subunits cannot be ruled out, these results are compatible with the hypothesis of involvement of the GBP in the chronic ethanol-induced increase in NMDA receptor function in cerebellar granule cells.
Comparison of heart-rate intensity and duration between sport games and traditional cardiovascular activities

The present purpose was to ascertain whether participants who engaged in sport games (indoor soccer and basketball) could experience the same cardiovascular benefits as when they participated in traditional cardiovascular fitness activities (step aerobics and running). The results showed they did.
Accurate Rate Constants for Chemical Exchange from Improved Weighted Linear-Least-Squares Analysis of Multiple 1D-EXSY Data

Abstract The 1D-EXSY pulse sequence 90°—t1—90°—tm—90°—t2(obs), with a minimum number of judiciously chosent1values and a series of mixing timestm, can provide NMR data for measurement of site-to-site rate constants in multisite systems undergoing chemical exchange. A condition can be specified for optimizing the choice oft1values. The data are analyzed by an improved weighted linear-least-squares fitting procedure that uses matrix algebra to help evaluate the weighting factors. This method is capable of providing highly accurate rate constants and realistic error estimates, without an inordinate demand on instrument time. Three experimental applications, to E/Z methyl exchange inN,N-dimethylpropionamide, to HE/HZ/HSolventproton exchange in acrylamide, and to methoxy exchange between stereoisomeric 4,6-dimethyl-2-methoxy-1,3-dioxanes and methanol, are demonstrated.
Developing a targeting system for bacterial membranes: measuring receptor-phosphatidylglycerol interactions with 1H NMR, ITC and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

An ammonium picket porphyrin that targets bacterial membranes has been prepared and shown to bind to phosphatidylglycerol (PG), a bacterial lipid, when the lipid was in solution, contained within synthetic membrane vesicles, or when in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial membranes. The multifunctional receptor was designed to interact with both the phosphate anion portion and neutral glycerol portion of the lipid headgroup. The receptor's affinity and selectivity for binding to surfactant vesicles or lipid vesicles that contain PG within their membranes was directly measured using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). FCS demonstrated that the picket porphyrin's binding pocket was complementary for the lipid headgroup, since simple Coulombic interactions alone did not induce binding. (1)H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to determine the receptor's binding stoichiometry, receptor-lipid complex structure, binding constant, and associated thermodynamic properties of complexation in solution. The lipid-receptor binding motif in solution was shown to mirror the binding motif of membrane-bound PG and receptor. Cell lysis assays with E. coli (Gram-negative) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Gram-positive) probed with UV/Visible spectrophotometry indicated that the receptor was able to penetrate either bacterial cell wall and to bind to the bacterial inner membrane.
Ferroelectric lens phased array antenna: An update

Abstract The ferroelectric lens is a new type of phased array antenna. It uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting using bulk ferroelectric ceramics to reduce the cost of the phased array. This paper presents the latest X band (8-12 GHz) results with improved ferroelectrics; the loss due to these ferroelectrics is less than 2 dB for obtaining 360° differential phase shift at 10 GHz. The antenna pattern of an interferometer built with ferroelectrics and demonstrating electronic scanning at 10 GHz is presented. A brief review of the ferroelectric lens concept is also included.
Clinical and Radiographic Predictors of Intra-articular Hip Disease in Arthroscopy

Background: The arthroscopic treatment of intra-articular hip disease and associated structural abnormalities continues to evolve. Nevertheless, contemporary diagnostic tools have significant limitations in predicting severity of disease preoperatively.Hypothesis: Clinical characteristics and radiographic parameters correlate with and predict intra-articular disease patterns in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: In sum, 355 hips in 338 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics and radiographic findings (on anteroposterior pelvis and frog lateral radiographs) of mild dysplasia, cam, and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement were compared with intraoperative labral and chondral disease patterns.Results: Labral tears were present in 90.1% of hips, and acetabular cartilage lesions were present in 67.3%, including 41.7% with grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia. Multivariate logistic regre...
Consolidated bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse and chicken manure to ammonium carboxylates by a mixed culture of marine microorganisms

The MixAlco process, an example of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), was utilized for anaerobic fermentation of 80% lime-treated sugarcane bagasse/20% chicken manure at 55 degrees Celsius by a mixed culture of marine microorganisms. NH(4)HCO(3) was recommended by this study to replace CaCO(3) buffer to neutralize the produced carboxylic acids. The resulting ammonium carboxylates can be converted to gasoline or mixed alcohol fuels by downstream processing. Four-stage countercurrent fermentations at various volatile solids loading rates (VSLR) and liquid residence times (LRT) showed the highest acid productivity (1.27 g/(L x day)) and highest conversion (76%) occurred at a total acid concentration of 24.4 and 31.3g/L, respectively. The Continuum Particle Distribution Model (CPDM) predicted the experimental total acid concentrations and conversions within 9.05% and 14.39%, respectively. The CPDM "map" indicates that both high acid concentrations (>50 g/L) and high conversions (>72%) are possible with 300 g substrate/(L liquid) concentration, 30 days liquid residence time, 5.4 g/(L x day) solid loading rate, and NH(4)HCO(3) buffer. The present study suggests that mixed culture biotechnology in the MixAlco process provides an alternative "carboxylate platform" for biomass conversion.
Über Alkalioxalatofluoroberyllate und ihr Verhalten beim Erhitzen

Im Gegensatz zu den Angaben von Kolditz und Bauer(1) wird nachgewiesen, das beim Erhitzen von Alkalioxalatofluoroberyllaten sich keine Alkalicarbonatofluoroberyllate und Alkalioxofluoroberyllate bilden. Die Ausgangsverbindungen zerfallen bei thermischer Behandlung um 400°C unter Abgabe von CO2 und CO in Alkalifluoroberyllat, Alkalioxalat und BeO. Bei Steigerung der Temperatur reagiert das aus dem Oxalat dieser Gemische entstehende Carbonat weiter mit dem Fluoroberyllat unter Bildung von Alkalifluorid und BeO. Durch Hydrolyse des KF entsteht beim Kaliumsalz bei Temperaturen von 500–800° Kaliumberyllat. Weiter werden die in(1) uber die papierchromatographischen Untersuchungen am [BeF4]− gemachten Angaben richtiggestellt. Contrary to the statements of Kolditz and Bauer(1), it is found that the thermal decomposition of alkali metal oxalatofluoroberyllates yields no carbonatofluoro- and oxofluoroberyllate, but fluoroberyllate, oxalate and BeO at 400°C under evolution of CO2 and CO. At higher temperatures the oxalate is decomposed, too, and the resulting carbonate reacts with the fluoroberyllate forming fluoride and BeO. In the case of the K salt, at 500–800°C potassium beryllate is formed by hydrolysis of KF. The results on the paperchromatographic behaviour, reported in(1) are corrected.
Towards Dynamic, Tunable, and Nonlinear Metamaterials via Near Field Interactions: A Review

Metamaterials research continues to bear fruit in the form of novel devices and optics across the electromagnetic spectrum. This is especially true in the gigahertz, terahertz, and near infrared frequencies. Metamaterials also continue to be one of the fastest growing subdisciplines of anisotropy research, with most notable metamaterial advances based on inherently anisotropic designs. Despite significant progress, many challenges remain before fully dynamic, broad bandwidth, and nonlinear metamaterial devices become truly viable. We review the study of near field interactions, or coupling, in metamaterials with a focus on how manipulation of interactions in metamaterials has helped overcome some of the largest obstacles toward tunable metamaterials, broad bandwidth metamaterials, nonlinear metamaterials, and metamaterial experimental techniques.
Unsupervised Feature Learning for Aerial Scene Classification

The rich data provided by high-resolution satellite imagery allow us to directly model aerial scenes by understanding their spatial and structural patterns. While pixel- and object-based classification approaches are widely used for satellite image analysis, often these approaches exploit the high-fidelity image data in a limited way. In this paper, we explore an unsupervised feature learning approach for scene classification. Dense low-level feature descriptors are extracted to characterize the local spatial patterns. These unlabeled feature measurements are exploited in a novel way to learn a set of basis functions. The low-level feature descriptors are encoded in terms of the basis functions to generate new sparse representation for the feature descriptors. We show that the statistics generated from the sparse features characterize the scene well producing excellent classification accuracy. We apply our technique to several challenging aerial scene data sets: ORNL-I data set consisting of 1-m spatial resolution satellite imagery with diverse sensor and scene characteristics representing five land-use categories, UCMERCED data set representing twenty one different aerial scene categories with sub-meter resolution, and ORNL-II data set for large-facility scene detection. Our results are highly promising and, on the UCMERCED data set we outperform the previous best results. We demonstrate that the proposed aerial scene classification method can be highly effective in developing a detection system that can be used to automatically scan large-scale high-resolution satellite imagery for detecting large facilities such as a shopping mall.
Estimating dispersibility of Acer, Fraxinus and Tilia in fragmented landscapes from patterns of seedling establishment

Relative dispersibility of Tilia americana L., Acer saccharum Marsh. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh, was inferred from the ratio among species-specific regression coefficients (β) computed from seedling density-distance plots. Density counts were made in spatially-uniform old fields adjacent to single seed sources or monotypic fencerows. Resultant seedling shadow curves approximate the negative exponential form expected for many seeds (log y=a−βX). This basic curve shape fit species of differing dispersibility, dispersal under a range of wind directions and one-year-old or all-aged cohorts. The ratios of β were 1:2.6:3.2 for Tilia, Acer and Fraxinus, respectively, in order of increasing dispersibility. Vegetation patches isolated from seed sources by several hundred meters or more should have extremely low input of seeds, especially Tilia and Acer.
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, the brake in oxidative stress that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-4 needs to protect the heart.

See related article, pp 547–553 Cardiac muscle subjected to chronic afterload triggers myocyte death, fibrosis, ventricular dilatation, and contractile dysfunction, which chronically develop as a pathological condition. Although many molecular pathways contribute to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, 1 well-established mechanism relates to activation of specific reactive oxygen species–generating enzymes and endogenous antioxidants that can both contribute to pathology and induce protective mechanisms to limit overall stress. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (Noxes) have been shown to have opposing roles in response to hypertrophic stimuli in the heart. In 2003, Byrne et al1 showed that Nox2 mediated angiotensin II–induced hypertrophy, but that Nox2 knockout had no effect on pressure-induced hypertrophy. In fact, loss of Nox2 actually increased reactive oxygen species production, as it turns out because Nox4 is upregulated in this condition. Using models of cardiomyocyte-specific Nox4 overexpression, they went on to show that surprisingly Nox4 was protective against cardiac stress promoted by pressure overload, in part, by preserving myocardial capillary density through the activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and the release of vascular endothelial growth factor.2 Later work by this group demonstrated that cardiomyocyte-targeted Nox4 overexpression activated the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid–derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and consequently led to greater transcription of genes involved in antioxidant responses, such as heme oxygenase, glutathione reductase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase.3 Collectively, these studies led to the concept that Nox4 is a constitutive and protective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase …
ACTINOMYCIN AND THE DIFFERENTIAL SYNTHESIS OF REOVIRUS AND L CELL RNA.

Abstract The addition of 0.5 μg actinomycin/ml to L-929 cell cultures inhibits RNA synthesis 90%; under these same conditions reovirus replication is unaffected.
Reimagining NASA: A Cultural and Visual Analysis of the U.S. Space Program

In 2010, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) commemorated its 50th anniversary by launching an anniversary Web site, which includes links to a photographic timeline, videos, an...
Developing an Evaluation Approach to Assess Large-Scale Improvements in Intelligent Transportation System Infrastructure: I-91 Project in Massachusetts

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) can include multiple technologies and applications to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a transportation system or network. These applications are deployed with the hope of achieving the goals and objectives of multiple stakeholders. This research includes a methodology to evaluate large-scale ITS infrastructure projects using the I-91 ITS project as a case study. The methodology includes a literature review; a clear definition of project goals, objectives, and intended outcomes; development of hypotheses for project outcomes; specific measures of effectiveness; data-collection methods; and criteria to measure the success of achieving the objective. The I-91 ITS project team should consider the following recommendations as next steps in conducting an ITS evaluation: identify and prioritize the goals and objectives, develop a multiphase evaluation approach, identify existing sources of predeployment data, identify missing data requirements, and document th...
An interferon-induced increase in cyclic AMP levels precedes the establishment of the antiviral state

Abstract Mouse interferon induces an increase in cyclic AMP levels in interferon-sensitive mouse Ly cells but not in interferon-insensitive human KB-3 cells. The interferon-induced elevation in cyclic AMP precedes the induction of antiviral activity. Although interferon stimulation of the adenylate cyclase activity of Ly cell plasma membranes has not been detected, interferon is effective in stimulating this activity in plasma membranes from rat thyroid cells.
Censusing Laysan Ducks Anas laysanensis: a lesson in the pitfalls of estimating threatened species populations

The Laysan Duck Anas laysanensis is a threatened species endemic to Laysan Island, Hawau U.S.A., with a population that appears subject to severe fluctuation, although this may be attributable to different census methods. The most effective method used so far has been one that notes the ratio of marked to unmarked birds seen on censuses conducted at dusk around the central lake. In 1986 and 1987, weekly censuses were made from which population estimates were derived with the Lincoln—Petersen Index: the current population is approximately 500. The ducks were least visible during the nesting and moulting periods of spring and summer, and population estimates were significantly lower during that period in both 1986 and 1987. This phenomenon calls in doubt other estimates and probably accounts for the fluctuations noted in previous years. Thus careful attention should be given to potential problems in monitoring threatened species populations, because without a clear understanding of the ecology of the threatened species, population estimates could suggest inappropriate management measures.
Imitation as the sincerest form of ignorance

Purpose – This paper aims to note the imitation of apparently successful advertising as a replacement for thought by too many advertisers, misapplying the tactics of what seem to be past successes by other companies to current situations, sometimes not even attempting to find insight relevant to the current advertising situation. Imitation of what may be lucky accidents has become a tool for improper applications of old tactics to new problems.Design/methodology/approach – Noting the frequent pronouncements by business journalists that many businesses do things because they know they “work,” the reality is that even among marketing professionals, conventional wisdom is often, at best, an oxymoron.Findings – The pragmatic business need is to analyze new situations and consumer interests.Originality/value – The paper shows that, since advertising decisions are often the recommendations from outside suppliers, business managers who pay for this advice must realize that past success by others does not mean th...