cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Über das planvolle Querstromliniendenken

Alles misslang. Mein Vorredner war gerade mit einer merkwurdigen Innovation dem Hass des Auditoriums zum Opfer gefallen, das sich um eine Stunde des eigenen Lebens gebracht fuhlte. Meine Stimme war nicht mehr so schwungvoll, als ich uber das Querdenken an sich in einer Firma wie der IBM zu referieren begann. Wild Duck heisen die Querdenker in der IBM. Und dieser ein bisschen liebevolle Name, den uns Thomas Watson gegeben hat, gewahrt ein wenig Naturschutz. „IBM does not mind to have a few wild ducks around.“ Das Neue, das Innovative und Unbequeme hat bei uns den Namen Wild Duck.
Borderlands: A Blurring of Two Worlds—Implications for International Home Health

The 2000-mile border between the United States and Mexico has been the subject of much discourse in relation to economics, immigration, and human rights issues. Home health care professionals who choose to practice in the 42 km border region are faced with a uniquely diverse practice setting. As persons of different cultures in the border area experience daily contact due to the ease of border crossing, challenges arise in providing culturally congruent care to the millions of people who live in this unique, multicultural area. Annually, an estimated 200 million persons cross the border to work, shop, visit relatives, and partake in other experiences on either side of the border, leading some to refer to the area as “Amexica.” This cultural mix has implications for providers of health care in the border communities. Understanding the complexities of the border region will enable international health care professionals to provide culturally congruent care to the residents of this dynamic area. This article...
Microsatellite Markers Linked to Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Vaccine Response in Young F1 Broiler-Cross Chicks

Reduction in Salmonella enteritidis (SE) contamination is of importance for poultry production as well as for food safety. The objectives of this study were to identify potential genetic markers of antibody response to SE vaccine in young broiler chicks and then to confirm this linkage in broiler-cross offspring, as well as to explore interactions of marker alleles with dam line and sex. The initial identification of suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) markers for antibody response to SE vaccine was conducted by using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with 58 microsatellite markers in a broiler breeder male line. Four unlinked microsatellites that had allele frequency differences between the high and low antibody response DNA pools were selected for subsequent analysis in a linkage study. Antibody response was measured in an F1 population (n = 379) that was derived by crossing each of four males of the broiler line with several dams from four genetically distant, highly inbred lines (Spanish, Fayoumi, and MHC-congenic G-B1 and G-B2 Leghorn). These crosses enabled us to evaluate the broiler sire QTL-marker allele effects and to explore QTL interactions with the dam lines by individual genotyping. Each of the four microsatellites identified by BSA in the broiler population had a significant (P < 0.05) association with F1 population antibody response in one or more sire families. The effect of the interaction of microsatellite allele with dam line or sex on antibody response was frequently significant. Microsatellite markers linked to antibody response QTL were identified, and genetic interactions with dam line and sex were detected.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: killer or conspirator? The ‘suicide hypothesis’ revisited

Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is an abundant nuclear enzyme involved in DNA repair. The therapeutic efficacy of drugs that inhibit PARP-1 in various disorders underscores the active role of PARP-1 in cell death. Although it is well established that excessive DNA damage causes PARP-1 hyperactivation, which leads to cell death by energy failure, a new mechanistic perspective is emerging following the identification of various PARPs that exhibit different features and subcellular distributions. Studies demonstrating the significant role of PARP-1 in the regulation of gene transcription have further increased the intricacy of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the control of cell homeostasis and challenge the notion that energy collapse is the sole mechanism by which poly(ADP-ribose) formation contributes to cell death. The hypothesis that PARPs might regulate cell fate as essential modulators of death and survival transcriptional programs will be discussed with particular focus on the regulation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and p53. (An animation depicting the involvement of PARP-1 in the ‘suicide hypothesis' is available at http://archive.bmn.com/supp/tips/tips2303a.html)
Peak sound pressure and sound exposure level from underwater explosions in shallow water

Experimental measurements of the peak pressure and sound exposure level (SEL) from underwater explosions collected 7 km off the coast of Virginia Beach, Virginia are presented. The peak pressures are compared to results from previous studies and a semi-empirical equation that is a function of measurement range and charge weight, and are found to be in good agreement. An empirical equation for SEL that similarly employs a scaling approach involving charge weight and range is also presented and shows promise for the prediction of SEL in shallow water.
Dynamic expression of Tbx2 subfamily genes in development of the mouse reproductive system.

Background: Tbx2, Tbx3, Tbx4, and Tbx5, members of the Tbx2 subfamily of T-box transcription factor genes, are important for many aspects of embryonic development and mutations in some human TBX2 subfamily genes cause developmental syndromes. In addition, TBX2 and TBX3 are overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including reproductive system cancers. This study characterizes the expression of Tbx2 subfamily genes during development of the reproductive system. Results: We show that these genes are expressed in both the internal and external reproductive systems. Tbx2 is expressed in gonads and genital ducts, the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts, while Tbx3 is only expressed in genital ducts. Tbx4 is expressed in embryonic and postnatal germ cells. All four genes are expressed in mesenchyme in external genitalia, with Tbx3 and Tbx5 expression in the epithelium as well. Conclusion: This study lays the foundation for investigation of functional requirements for Tbx2 subfamily genes in development of the mammalian reproductive system. Developmental Dynamics 241:365–375, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Situ Evaluation Of Several Tailored-Pulse Well-Shooting Concepts

This paper describes a series of five full-scale tests performed to evaluate various multi-frac concepts. The tests were conducted at the Nevada Test Site in cased, horizontal boreholes drilled in ash-fall tuff from a tunnel under 430 m of overburden. This site provides both realistic in situ conditions for the tests and access to the stimulated regions by mineback which permits direct observation of results. The five tailored-pulse concepts tested involve: Case A - a decoupled explosive, Case B - a decoupled explosive with propellant booster, Case C - a small-diameter propellant charge with pressurized water pad, Case D - three successive shots of Case C, and Case E - a full-diameter charge of a progressively-burning propellant. Results show a large increase in formation permeability for Case E, modest increases for Cases B, C, and D and a decrease for Case A that appears due to the formation of a stress cage. A comparison of Case E results with previous tests suggests a multiple fracture criterion based on pressure rate with little effect of peak pressures.
MATRIX ELEMENTS OF HYPERFINE STRUCTURE OPERATORS IN THESLANDjjREPRESENTATIONS FOR THEs,pN, ANDdNCONFIGURATIONS AND THESL–jjTRANSFORMATION

Matrix elements of the hyperfine operators corresponding to the magnetic-dipole (A) and electric-quadrupole (B) hyperfine structures constants are given as linear combinations of the appropriate radial integrals for all states of the s, p{sup N}, and d{sub N} configurations in both the SL and pure jj representations. The associated SL-jj transformations are also given. 13 refs., 10 tabs.
Two-Dimensional Meshless Numerical Modeling of the Blood Flow Within Arterial End-to-Side Distal Anastomoses

In the current paper we introduce the localized meshless method to resolve the two-dimensional blood flow in the vicinity of a peripheral bypass graft end-to-side distal anastomosis. The goal is to incorporate this new numerical technique in extracting the values of the fluid mechanics wall parameters, such as the wall shear stress and the wall shear stress gradients, which are suggested as contributory factors to the growth of post-operative intimal hyperplasia at the anastomosis. The localized meshless method depends on the Hardy Multiquadrics radial basis function to locally expand the flow variables over a set of nodes distributed in the computational domain. An explicit scheme is adapted for the meshless formulation of the laminar incompressible Navier Stokes equations. Our special interest in the localized meshless method arises from its automated point distribution feature that significantly facilitates the pre-processing of the solution. The blood flow is simulated in three different anastomosis model geometries; the conventional or direct model, the Miller Cuff model, and the Taylor Patch model. The results of the current localized meshless numerical method show a great agreement with the results provided by a well-established finite volume method commercial software.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Threshold behavior and optimum transmission for a pulsed laser

Abstract The output power of low gain, pulsed lasers has only a weak dependence on pumping and resonator parameter - a threshold behavior that is fundamentally different from the clear and distinct threshold for cw lasers. An analytical description for the threshold of a pulsed laser is developed. The main results are: (i) the time integrated gain coefficient plays the decisive role for the threshold of a pulsed laser; (ii) the laser threshold for a pulsed laser can be connected to the apperance of an optimum resonator transmission; (ii) the optimum output coupling for a pulsed laser depends on gain duration and photon lifetime in the resonator and is qualitatively different from that for cw lasers. These analytical results are supported by numerical solutions of the laser rate equations and by experimental results obtained with excimer lasers.
Dose-dependent effects of testosterone on feeding and body weight in male rats.

The effects of testosterone propionate (TP) on food intake and body weight were investigated using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Daily injections of a high (1 mg) or a low (0.2 mg) dose of TP were administered for 8 weeks beginning immediately after castration. Both doses of TP reduced body weight gain during the first 4 weeks of treatment, but long-term treatment with the low dose stimulated food intake and body weight gain. Injections of the high dose of TP reduced body weight gain and food intake over the 8 weeks of treatment. These findings suggest that the effects of TP on body weight and feeding are dose dependent. Considering previous data, a maintenance paradigm of hormone replacement seems to maximize the anorexic and weight-reducing effects of TP treatment.
The plant pathogenesis related protein GLIPR-2 is highly expressed in fibrotic kidney and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vitro

Abstract Fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and is a common end pathway in many chronic diseases. To identify novel mediators of fibrosis we used transcript profiling in a mouse model of kidney fibrosis, the COL4A3 knockout (alport) mouse. One gene that we found up-regulated in fibrotic kidney was GLIPR-2, also known as GAPR-1 and C9orf19, a member of the plant pathogenesis-related proteins family 1. We have found that GLIPR-2 protein expression is significantly increased in fibrotic kidney compared to healthy controls. Examination of the expression pattern of GLIPR-2 indicated that the protein is selectively expressed in epithelial cells. Co-staining with antibodies for α-smooth muscle actin expression, a marker of myofibroblasts, showed that GLIPR-2 expressing cells are closely apposed to areas of strong α-smooth muscle actin expression. The origin of these myofibroblasts is not known, but in vitro studies have shown that GLIPR-2 can induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a renal epithelial cell line. We propose that increased GLIPR-2 expression in kidney contributes to development of fibrosis by increasing the pool of activated fibroblasts, possibly through the induction of EMT.
13C NMR assignments of conforma‐tionally defined 6‐s‐trans‐retinoids

A new class of vitamin A analogs (retinoids) was synthesized containing a dimethylene bridge to maintain a 6-s-trans conformation of the terminal double bonds. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were assigned for 15 new compounds, including E-Z isomers (all-E, 13Z, 9Z and 9Z,13Z) of retinoids containing an ethyl ester and car-boxylic acid polar end groups, and also the (all-E)-isomer of the retinoids with an alcohol and aldehyde polar end-groups and five C15 intermediates. The assignments were based on long-range 1H13C heteronuclear 2D experiments.
Effects of removing food on maintenance of drinking initiated by pairings of sipper and food

Abstract Two experiments evaluated the effects of removing food presentations on the maintenance of drinking induced by experience with sipper — food pairings. In Exp 1, ethanol drinking was induced in non-deprived Long-Evans rats by Pavlovian conditioning procedures employing an ethanol sipper as conditioned stimulus (CS) and food pellet as unconditioned stimulus (US). The Paired/Ethanol group received presentations of the ethanol sipper CS followed immediately by the response-independent presentation of the food pellet US. The Random/Ethanol group received the ethanol sipper CS and food US randomly with respect to one another. For both groups, the concentration of ethanol in the sipper CS [(3%, 4%, 6%, 8% (vol./vol.)] was increased across sessions, and, as in previous studies employing low concentrations of ethanol in non-deprived rats (i.e., maintained with free access to food in their home cages), the two procedures induced comparable levels of sipper CS-directed ethanol drinking. Removing food US presentations had no effect on sipper CS-directed ethanol drinking in either group. In Exp 2, groups of non-deprived Long-Evans rats were trained either with water or ethanol in the sipper CS paired with food US. Removing food US presentations had no effect on ethanol drinking in the Paired/Ethanol group, but water drinking in the Paired/Water group declined systematically across sessions. Results indicate that food US presentations contribute to the maintenance of water drinking but not to the maintenance of ethanol drinking. Implications for accounts of ethanol drinking based on Pavlovian sign-tracking, behavioral economics and intermittent sipper procedures are considered.
Invariance Principles for Hybrid Systems With Connections to Detectability and Asymptotic Stability

This paper shows several versions of the (LaSalle's) invariance principle for general hybrid systems. The broad framework allows for nonuniqueness of solutions, Zeno behaviors, and does not insist on continuous dependence of solutions on initial conditions. Instead, only a mild structural property involving graphical convergence of solutions is posed. The general invariance results are then specified to hybrid systems given by set-valued data. Further results involving invariance as well as observability, detectability, and asymptotic stability are given.
A case of failed resocialization? action research and the struggle to redefine the teacher identity

Abstract This article reports on the author's study of his own practice as a classroom teacher exploring the processes and constraints of implementing constructivist theme study. Using phenomenological action research, the author describes socialising influences at three levels of social contextualisation. At the interactive level, the author struggled with the empowering of student voice and the disempowering of teacher control. At the institutional level, a teacher culture exerted pressures toward autonomy along with deference to authority. At the cultural level, societal pressures exacerbated role conflicts between teacher, researcher and college identities. The action research process appeared to exacerbate teacher identity conflicts in the teacher-researcher. Questions are raised about the ways teachers can be supported in the action research process.
Perioperative Management of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs)

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) provide lifesaving support and an improved quality of life to millions of patients. With these patients presenting for elective, urgent, and emergent surgeries, anesthesiologists and other perioperative physicians should become familiar with the various types of devices as well as their perioperative management. The literature regarding the perioperative management of CIEDs has been confusing and at times contradictory; however, more recent publications have offered a thoughtful and educational approach to the perioperative management of CIEDs. This article will summarize some of the current concepts of perioperative management of CIEDs.
How do tangible supports impact the breast cancer experience

A woman's ability to navigate her new role as a breast cancer patient can be impacted by the support she has available to her during this time. One form of social support, tangible support, refers to providing support in a physical way that assists an individual in meeting their role responsibilities. The Roy Adaptation Model was used as a framework for conceptualizing the various roles in a woman's life that can be impacted by breast cancer and how the type and extent of tangible support impacts these roles. Through a qualitative open-ended interview 33 women with breast cancer described their experiences with their illness as it pertains to issues of role function and tangible supports.
A graph-based approach to nominal terminal routing

As the air transportation system moves toward trajectory-based operations, there is a greater need for route modeling, especially in the terminal airspace where traffic flows twist and turn and many do not follow any currently published route. This paper presents a graph-based algorithmic method for defining nominal terminal routing from historical flight tracks. First historical traffic is used to generate a directed graph. Then Djikstra's shortest path algorithm is used to identify the shortest yet most commonly used paths through the graph. There were many different nominal routes between different engine types due to the distinct differences in engine performance characteristics. A comparison of graph-based shortest path routes to two other methods (manual and k-means) showed how the method could rapidly produce similar distinct dominant terminal area flows. Finding shortest paths from all links of a sufficient weight, rather than just source nodes, identified more route options depicting standard path control techniques in addition to the dominant route. This method may be used to rapidly prototype route models to assess trajectory-based terminal area concepts.
Phase Behavior of Elemental Aluminum Using Monte Carlo Simulations

Monte Carlo simulations are presented for two models of aluminum: an embedded-atom model and an explicit many-body model. Vapor/liquid coexistence curves are determined using Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The normal boiling points predicted by both models are somewhat higher (by about 10%) than the experimental value. Isothermal constant-stress simulations are used to simulate solid Al from 300 K to the triple point. The solid structures are at least metastable in the face-centered cubic configuration, and the specific heat is determined to be lower than the experimental value. The melting point for the embedded-atom model determined via thermodynamic integration along a pseudo-supercritical path is approximately 20% higher than the experimental value.
Clinical relevance of antifungal resistance.

Clinical failure to respond to antifungal therapy may be the result of microbiological resistance (intrinsic or developed during therapy) or clinical resistance. The latter is associated with host factors such as a defective immune response, presence of infected prosthetic devices (or foreign bodies), pharmacokinetic factors, or undrained foci of infection. To be clinically evaluable, a case report of antifungal resistance should include reliable, standardized, in vitro susceptibility data, a description of the clinical failure, the therapeutic regimen (including specific drug doses, available blood levels and any interacting drugs), and the specific host factors that were evaluated. The concept of using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value as the ultimate predictor of clinical response to antimicrobial therapy should be revised because host factors (listed below) may have more impact on the infection outcome than the in vitro measurement of susceptibility. Several principles must be evaluated when interpreting the clinical relevance of MIC endpoints. 50,52 The MIC is not a physical or chemical measurement such as a drug level. Variation in the MIC of a given fungal isolate can be observed if practically any of the testing variables, such as the inoculum size, medium formulation, length and incubation temperature and method, and/or criterion of MIC endpoint determination, are changed. Host factors that seem to have more value than the MIC as predictors of clinical outcome are (1) drug pharmacokinetic factors (dosage, penetration, stability, protein binding, drug–drug interactions, patient compliance); (2) factors related to the host immune response and/or the status of a current underlying disease; (3) proper patient management (abscess drainage and presence of intravascular catheter or prosthetic cardiac valve), site and severity of infection; and (4) factors related to the virulence of the infecting organism and its interactions with both the host and the therapeutic agent. Because of the large number of factors that can influence the success of antifungal therapy for an infection caused by a presumably susceptible isolate, a low MIC does not necessarily predict clinical success. However, in vitro resistance may be able to identify among a population of susceptible strains those isolates that are less likely to respond to a specific antifungal regimen.
High-Dynamic-Range Receivers for Digital Beam Forming Radar Systems

A microwave S-band receiver was developed for studying dynamic range issues in digital beam forming (DBF), phased-array radar systems with multiple receivers. Particular attention was paid to understanding the balance between the analog and the analog-digital conversion segments of the receiver to maximize its dynamic range. Measurements of spurious signals were made well below the receiver noise floor to gain an understanding of which spurs, if correlated among the receivers in a DBF system, might appear above the noise level at the output of the digital beam former.
Ontogenetic patterns of constitutive immune parameters in altricial house sparrows

Innate immune functions are proposed to develop rapidly post-hatch in altricial nestlings, compared with adaptive immune defenses that require development of receptor specifi city and memory. Studies of ontogenetic changes in altricial birds have been few until relatively recently and often do not encompass the entire developmental period. We examined the patterns of development in constitutive innate and adaptive immune indices in house sparrow nestlings (3, 6, 9 and 12 days (d) post-hatch), hatch-year birds and adults. Lysozyme activity signifi cantly decreased with age, likely representing catabolism of maternal investment of lysozyme in the egg albumen. Levels of total IgY (indexing adaptive immune function), as well as agglutination and lysis (indexing innate immune function), increased throughout the nestling period, but were signifi cantly below levels found in fully-grown birds at the time of fl edging. Th ere were no signifi cant diff erences between hatch-year birds and adults in these measures, indicating that rapid, full maturation occurs early in the postfl edging period. In combination with previous studies, these data highlight the importance of sampling fl edglings to assess full immune ontogeny and suggest that fl edgling birds may be more vulnerable to infection than adults.
Model for drying during fluidized-bed combustion of wet low-rank coals

Abstract An unsteady state heat conduction model with a convective boundary condition is proposed for the drying of low-rank, high-porosity coals, such as lignites, during fluidized-bed combustion. The drying front is assumed to be the receding surface of a wet core. The solution technique for this moving boundary problem is based on the heat balance integral approach with immobilization of the moving boundary by a change in space variable. The governing cubic equation describing the drying curve in dimensionless form may be solved easily by the Newton—Raphson method. The model predictions are compared with experimental data for Mississippi lignite with excellent agreement. A correlation for estimation of total drying time is proposed. The temperature profiles obtained may be used for the study of the coupled drying and devolatilization in fluidized-bed combustors. The profiles could also be of importance in the study of formation of fissures/cracks in lignites subjected to intense heating conditions encountered during fluidized-bed combustion.
The interplay of social influence and nature of fulfillment: Effects on consumer attitudes

Sales promotional activities account for a significant portion of the integrated marketing communications budget of most companies because brand managers realize the effectiveness of these activities in meeting certain marketing communication objectives. However, there are times when promotional plans backfire, and promotions go unfulfilled. Much of this is reported in the media, and these reports are likely to trigger discussions about the companies involved in the nonfulfillment. Although much research has focused on the impact of sales promotional activities on consumers' responses and attitudes, not much has focused on how nonfulfillment of promotional promises and social influence might operate to color consumers' perceptions of a company. This article reports on an experimental study that was conducted to investigate this issue. Results indicate significant effects of the nature of fulfillment on corporate credibility, brand attitude, and patronage intentions; significant social influence effects on brand attitude, patronage, and switching intentions; and an interaction effect of social influence and fulfillment on switching intentions. The implications for brand managers and marketing communications managers are discussed, and areas for future research are proposed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pain and embarrassment associated with urodynamic testing in women

Introduction Multichannel urodynamics is a series of interactive tests used to evaluate lower urinary tract dysfunction. We sought to describe symptoms and satisfaction in a cohort of women undergoing these procedures.
Natural convection in a porous layer heated and cooled along one vertical side

Abstract This paper describes the heat transfer and fluid flow through a confined porous layer heated and cooled along one of the vertical side walls. In the first part of the study, consideration is given to the case when the side-heating effect is positioned above the side-cooling effect. Numerical experiments and scale analysis show that the natural circulation in this first configuration is either one of incomplete vertical penetration, or one of incomplete horizontal penetration. Scale analysis shows that the heat transfer and fluid flow scales differ substantially from one type of penetrative convection to the other, in agreement with the trends revealed by numerical simulations. When the heated portion of the side wall is located below the cooled portion, the flow spreads throughout the porous medium. Scale analysis shows that if the Rayleigh number is sufficiently high, the two mirror-image cells of this flow make contact with the vertical side wall and with each other via slender boundary layer regions. The parametric domain in which the conclusions of this study are valid is outlined on the H/L-RaH plane, where H/L is the height/length ratio and RaH is the Darcy-modified Rayleigh number based on porous system height.
Mn2+ activates skinned smooth muscle cells in the absence of myosin light chain phosphorylation.

Two effects of Mn2+ on skinned fibers from chicken gizzard smooth muscle were observed, dependent on the presence of absence of dithiothreitol (DTT) reducing agent. One involves protein oxidation (in the absence of DTT) with production of a “latch”-like state, and the other involves direct Mn2+ activation of contractile proteins. Cells activated by Mn2+ in the presence of ATP and the absence of Ca2+, Mg2+ and DTT did not relax when transferred to normal relaxing solutions. In contrast, when 5 mM DTT was included in the Mn2+ contracting solution to prevent protein oxidation by Mn2+, the cells still contracted when exposed to Mn2+, but relaxed rapidly when the Mn2+ was removed. In the presence of DTT both the Mn2+ activation and the relaxation following removal of Mn2+ were more rapid than normal Ca2+-activated contractions and relaxations. The skinned fibers activated by Mn2+ in the absence of DTT showed little active shortening unless DTT was added. This rigor-like state is probably due to oxidation of contractile proteins since the cells relaxed when exposed to a relaxing solution containing DTT (50mM) and then contracted again in response to Ca2+ and relaxed normally. The Mn2+ activation was not associated with myosin light chain phosphorylation, in contrast to Ca2+-activated contractions.
Guanethidine as an Anti-fibrillatory Agent

CATECHOLAMINES have for many years been known to produce cardiac arrhythmias1. The influence of acetylcholine or vagal stimulation on arrhythmias, especially of the atria, has overshadowed the influence of the sympathetic mediators2. Sharma3 has reported that administration of epinephrine or norepinephrine simultaneously with acetylcholine enhanced the fibrillatory activity of the latter. Thus, it would seem appropriate to examine further the relationship between acetylcholine and catecholamines in their effect on heart rhythm.
Genes Encoding Glycine-Rich Arabidopsis thaliana Proteins with RNA-Binding Motifs Are Influenced by Cold Treatment and an Endogenous Circadian Rhythm

We have characterized the expression of two members of a class of Arabidopsis thaliana glycine-rich, putative RNA-binding proteins that we denote Ccr1 and Ccr2. Southern blot analysis indicates that Ccr1 and Ccr2 are members of a small gene family. Both Ccr1 and Ccr2 mRNA levels were influenced by a circadian rhythm that has an unusual phase for plants, with maximal accumulation at 6:00 PM and minimal accumulation at 10:00 AM. The level of CCR1 protein, however, remained relatively constant throughout the cycle. The transcript accumulation patterns of the Ccr1 and Ccr2 genes differed considerably from conditions that affect the expression of similar genes from maize, sorghum, and carrot. Levels of Ccr1 and Ccr2 mRNAs were unchanged in wounded plants, increased at least 4-fold in cold-stressed plants, and decreased 2- to 3-fold in abscisic acid-treated plants. Ccr1 transcript levels decreased in response to drought, whereas Ccr2 transcript levels increased under the same conditions. Based on the presence of additional Ccr transcripts in dark-grown plants, we propose that Ccr transcripts may be subjected to a light- or dark-mediated regulation.
Specificity of brachyury in the distinction of chordoma from clear cell renal cell carcinoma and germ cell tumors: a study of 305 cases

Brachyury is recognized as a specific marker for notochord-derived tissues and neoplasms, and has become a defining immunohistochemical feature of chordoma. The main differential diagnostic consideration for chordoma is chondrosarcoma, which is known to lack brachyury expression. However, within the spectrum of genitourinary neoplasia, metastatic germ cell tumors and clear cell renal cell carcinoma may also be close morphological mimics of chordoma, particularly given the increasing prevalence of small tissue samples from image-guided biopsies. Although immunoreactivity for brachyury has been reported in a few germ cell tumors, a thorough characterization of staining by specific subtype has not been performed in a large series. Additionally, brachyury expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma has not been well studied. In this study, immunohistochemical expression with the brachyury antibody was evaluated in 111 germ cell tumors, 30 non-neoplastic and neoplastic (non-germ cell) testicular tissues, and 184 metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomas using tissue microarray technology. In addition, immunoreactivity for PAX-8 and SALL-4 was evaluated in 12 chordomas on whole section. No nuclear brachyury expression was identified in any of the 101 germ cell tumors within the tissue microarray (including choriocarcinoma (1), embryonal carcinoma (20), intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (2), seminoma (64), spermatocytic seminoma (1), teratoma (5) and yolk sac tumor (8)), in any of the 30 non-neoplastic and neoplastic (non-germ cell) testicular tissues, or in any of the 10 whole-section seminomas. All 184 metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomas were also non-reactive for brachyury. All 12 chordomas showed strong nuclear immunoreactivity for brachyury, but no expression of SALL-4. In all, 1 of 12 chordoma cases showed patchy, 1+ nuclear immunoreactivity for PAX-8. This study confirms the specificity of brachyury for chordoma in the differential diagnostic distinction from the potential genitourinary mimics, germ cell tumors and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Abstract 2470: Cd177, a novel metastasis suppressor of breast cancer

Mammary glands contain luminal and basal epithelial cells. We recently found that both luminal and basal epithelial cells can initiate malignant mammary tumors with forced ErbB2/Her2/c-Neu expression (referred to as luminal and basal tumor-initiating cells, respectively). Basal tumor-initiating cell (TIC)-derived tumors had a greater incidence and larger volume than luminal TIC-derived tumors. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to evaluate the underlying transcriptional difference between ErbB2-driven luminal and basal TIC-derived tumors. CD177 was found to be downregulated within basal TIC-derived tumors. CD177 is an important membrane glycoprotein on neutrophils and serves as a marker for myeloproliferative diseases. The role of CD177 in solid tumors is unknown. Our initial analysis revealed that loss of CD177 expression is linked to higher metastasis incidence and shorter survival in breast cancer patients, but not other diagnostic markers like estrogen-, progesterone-, or HER2-receptors. Silencing CD177 in 4T1 cells, a mouse mammary tumor cell line, led to a significant increase for colonic growth in soft agar and pulmonary metastasis in mice. Overexpressing CD177 in MCF7 cells, a human luminal mammary tumor cell line, resulted in a significant decrease for colonic growth in soft agar. We also found that genetic deletion of CD177 in female mice results in significantly increased Lineage-CD24+CD49fhi basal epithelial cells, the major tumor-initiating cells for ErbB2-induced breast cancer. Collectively, we identified a novel potential metastasis-suppressor for human breast cancer with important prognostic value. Future studies will involve in the mechanistic understanding of how CD177 regulates metastasis of breast cancer. Citation Format: Qing Xie, Nicholas Borcherding, Ryan Kolb, Weizhou Zhang. Cd177, a novel metastasis suppressor of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2470. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2470
The Structure of Censorship Attitudes

Research about censorship attitudes across disciplines shares the normative goal of predicting and modifying attitudes perceived as either too permissive or too restrictive. Understanding attitude structure is important to achieving this goal. This study explores the intra-attitudinal structure of public censorship attitudes, specifically the general tendency to endorse particular government actions. For twenty-one scenarios, respondents indicated their agreement with each of five possible government reactions: prior restraint; subsequent punishment; time, place, manner restrictions; allow, and protect. Scale scores were computed for each government response. There are strong correlations between the two punitive restriction options and between the two permissive government responses. The time, place, manner response option related moderately to the other scales. Additional structural information is provided by examining scale relationships with other variables: gender, liberal-conservative self-rank, rel...
Antibody-modified microwell arrays and photobiotin patterning on hydrocarbon-free glass

Abstract Antibody-modified microwell arrays were fabricated using site-selective photobiotin chemistry and the biotin–avidin interaction. In one scheme, an aminopropyl-functionalized glass surface was the starting substrate and in the other an acid-treated glass surface was employed. In both schemes, the substrates were coated with the aryl azide photobiotin, and photoactivated with ultraviolet radiation to afford biotin-modified arrays before sequential reactions with ExtrAvidin, biotinylated-IgG, and dye-labeled anti-IgG. Antibody-modified microwell arrays were characterized using fluorescence microscopy. In both schemes, the biotin–avidin–biotin linkage was stable, and there was negligible non-specific binding (NSB) of photobiotin, ExtrAvidin, and dye-labeled anti-IgG to the modified substrates. However, negligible NSB of biotinylated-IgG was observed only with the acid-treated glass surface. To further characterize the nitrene reactions on these hydrocarbon-free glass surfaces, we developed a new protocol using a fluorescent-labeled aryl azide in place of photobiotin. Fluorescence microscopy characterizations of these modified surfaces revealed that detectable fluorescence was observed only from silanol-rich, acid-treated glasses. It is believed this work represents the first demonstration of photo-initiated reactions of photobiotin with reactive silanols on acid-treated glass surfaces.
The correlation between phase behavior and structure of a four-component system, poly-ethylene glycol/sodium dodecyl sulfate/pentanol/H2O†

The change in the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can, in fact, affect directly the correlation between phase behavior and structure of a four-component system, polyethylene glycol/sodium dodecyl sulfate/pentanol/H2O. Experimental results indicate that the phenomena of microemulsion and lamellar liquid crystals can take place at a concentration of SDS greater than 5% and 17% by weight, respectively. In our experiments, these liquid crystals are tested and found to be hydrophilic and their rheological properties to be non-Newtonian as well.
The apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele and memory performance in HIV-1 seropositive subjects: differences at baseline but not after acute oral lorazepam challenge

The APOE ɛ4 allele, an established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, has been linked to an increased risk for dementia especially in older individuals with HIV-1 infection. This allele has also been associated with increased memory impairment following oral lorazepam challenge in healthy elderly. Lorazepam and other benzodiazepines are widely prescribed in individuals with HIV-1 infection who are at increased risk for cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to examine if the ɛ4 allele influences lorazepam-induced memory deficits in this population. Forty-one non-demented, HIV-1 seropositive adults (15 ɛ4 carriers, mean age = 43.47 ± 8.25; 26 ɛ4 non-carriers, mean age = 46.77 ± 8.56) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, receiving single acute oral doses of lorazepam 0.5, 1.0 mg, or placebo over three sessions, each 1 week apart. Standardized neuropsychological assessments, including measures of immediate and delayed verbal recall, were conducted at baseline and at 1, 2.5, and 5 h post-drug administration in each condition. Acute lorazepam administration produced dose- and time-dependent impairments in measures of verbal recall. However, the e4 allele did not modulate these adverse effects. An APOE ɛ4 group by time interaction was also found such that the APOE-ɛ4-positive subjects had significantly better immediate and delayed verbal recall than the negative subjects at baseline assessment, but the groups did not significantly differ at any subsequent time point. Future studies should clarify the role of ɛ4 in the modulation of drug-induced cognitive toxicity and baseline performance and their relationship to progressive decline, especially in older individuals with HIV-1 infection, a group at increased risk for dementia.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL-MODE RESONANCE IN FAR WAKES

This work is aimed at understanding mechanisms which govern the growth of secondary three-dimensional modes of a particular type which feed from a resonant energy exchange with the primary Karman instability in two-dimensional wakes. Our approach was to introduce controlled time-periodic three-dimensional (oblique) wave pairs of equal but opposite sign, simultaneously with a two-dimensional wave. The waves were introduced by an array of v-component-producing elements on the top and bottom surfaces of the body. These were formed by metallised electrodes which were vapour deposited onto a piezoelectrically active polymer wrapped around the surface. The amplitudes, streamwise and spanwise wavenumbers, and initial phase difference are all individually controllable. The initial work focused on a fundamental/subharmonic interaction, and the dependence on spanwise wave-number. The results include mode eigenfunction modulus and phase distributions in space, and stream functions for the phase-reconstructed flow field. Analysis of these shows that such a resonance mechanism exists and its features can account for characteristic changes associated with the growth of three-dimensional structures in the wake of two-dimensional bodies.
Boundary layers and glancing blow-up in nonlinear geometric optics

Abstract We construct rigorous geometric optics expansions of high order for semilinear hyperbolic boundary problems with oscillatory data. The errors approach zero in L∞ as the wavelength e→0. To achieve such errors it is necessary to incorporate profiles of the glancing, elliptic, and hyperbolic boundary layers into the expansions. The analysis of the glancing boundary layer forces the introduction of a third scale 1/ e in addition to the usual oscillatory (1/e) and spatial (1) scales. The evolution of the leading part of the glancing profile is governed by a semilinear Schrodinger-type equation with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. The description of the elliptic boundary layer involves complex phases and complex transport equations. We also construct examples showing that when glancing modes of order at least 3 are present, the maximal time of existence Te of the exact solution uϵ can approach 0 as e→0. The blow-up mechanism is different from the types of focusing known to occur in free space.
A mixed computational algorithm for plane elastic contact problems—II. Numerical examples

Abstract The two numerical algorithms presented in Part 1 of this paper are utilized in the analysis of several contact problems, including a thin, uniformly loaded plate with a circular hole in contact with a pin. A hybrid algorithm that combines the numerical technique (i.e. the finite element method) with the experimental technique of the moire interferometry is also presented and applied to the pin-loaded plate. The displacements at the pin-hole interface are measured from physical experiments and are then used as prescribed boundary conditions in the finite element analysis of the modeled problem. Results of the hybrid algorithm are compared with solutions obtained from strictly computational algorithms that are independent of the experimental data.
Viscosity and heat conduction effects in pore collapse

Abstract The collapse of a spherical pore in granular explosives due to shock loading is studied by the two-dimensional hydrocode DEFEL. The calculations include the effects of compressibility, elastic-plastic constitutive equations, viscosity, and conductivity. A spherical pore collapses into an ellipsoid shape giving rise to high temperature regions of hot spots. For micro-pores of diameters below a few hundred microns, the strain rate in localized regions is in the range of 106 to 109 per second. Without conductivity, the temperature increases with decreasing diameter. This trend is reversed in a very small diameter range due to the effect of conductivity.
Enhanced Endothelialization on Surface Modified Poly(l-Lactic Acid) Substrates

This is a copy of an article published in the Tissue Engineering Part A ©2011[copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.]; Tissue Engineering Part A is available online at: http://online.liebertpub.com.
Evaluation and the new curricula

A comparison of student performance on CHEM Study chemistry and conventional chemistry in terms of certain cognitive abilities.
Early Twentieth‐Century British Women Travellers to Greece: Contextualizing the Example of Virginia Woolf

This paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Virgina Woolf Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. Urmila Seshagiri (University of Tennessee) and Rishona Zimring (Lewis and Clark College) first provide an introduction for this paper along with Thaine Stearns's article, ‘“Others Wanted to Travel”: Woolf and “America Herself”.’ The full text of Martha Klironomos's piece then follows. These papers grew out of the 15th Annual International Virginia Woolf Conference (College of Lewis and Clark, Portland, OR, June 9–12, 2005). The full cluster is made up of the following articles: ‘Introduction: Virginia Woolf and The Art of Exploration,’ Urmila Seshagiri and Rishona Zimring, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00393.x ‘Virginia Woolf's Sense of Adventure,’ Maria DiBattista, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00394.x ‘The Twentieth Part: Virginia Woolf in the British Museum Reading Room,’ Benjamin Harvey, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00395.x ‘“Street Haunting”: Phantasmagorias of the Modern Imperial Metropolis,’ Sara Gerend, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00396.x ‘Hyde Park Gate News,’ Gill Lowe, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00397.x ‘The Art of “Scene-Making” in the Charleston Bulletin Supplements,’ Claudia Olk, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00398.x ‘A Camera of Her Own: Woolf and the Legacy of the Indomitable Mrs. Cameron,’ Emily Setina, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00399.x ‘Woolfian Resonances,’ Anne Fernald, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00400.x ‘Early Twentieth-Century British Women Travellers to Greece: Contextualizing the Example of Virginia Woolf,’ Martha Klironomos, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00401.x ‘“Others Wanted to Travel”: Woolf and “America Herself”,’ Thaine Stearns, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00402.x