cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HIV and nutrition.

AIDS: Nutrition plays a big part in enabling patients to properly take medication, manage side effects, and maintain adequate nourishment. Recommendations for light snacks are included, as are remedies for unpleasant tastes caused by some medications. Weight gain is an issue for all AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy. Nutritionists advise that to manage increasing weight, patients should cut fat and calories, but not eliminate the good fats, such as monounsaturated fats and Omega 3 polyunsaturated fat. Because AIDS-related illnesses can cause loss of lean body mass and wasting, people with AIDS need to consume more protein. It is also important to maintain calcium in the diet for bone health, blood clotting, nerve transmission, and regulating heartbeat. Carbohydrates round out the healthy diet by lowering cholesterol, lowering glucose absorption, alleviating constipation, and facilitating movement through the bowel. Aside from a well balanced diet, it is important to prepare food safely and to know the source of any drinking water. A guide to kitchen safety is described. Suggestions for handling side effects of medication are given.
General formalism for ultracold scattering with isotropic spin-orbit coupling

A general treatment of ultracold two-body scattering in the presence of isotropic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is presented. Owing to the mixing of different partial-wave channels, scattering with SOC is in general a coupled multichannel problem. A systematic method is introduced to analytically solve a class of coupled differential equations by recasting the coupled-channel problem as a simple eigenvalue problem. The exact Green's matrix in the presence of SOC is found, which readily gives the scattering solutions for any two identical particles in any total angular momentum subspace having negligible center-of-mass momentum. Application of this formalism to two spin-1 bosons shows the ubiquitous low-energy threshold behavior for systems with isotropic SOC. A modified threshold behavior shows up, which does not occur for the spin-orbit coupled spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ system. We also confirm the parity-breaking mechanism for the spontaneous emergence of handedness, which has been proposed by Duan et al. [H. Duan, L. You, and B. Gao, Phys. Rev. A 87, 052708 (2013)]. Additionally, a two-body bound state is found for any arbitrarily small and negative scattering length. Our study sheds light on the few-body side of SOC physics and provides one step towards understanding ultracold scattering in a non-Abelian gauge field.
Bionomics and Vector Potential of Culex thriambus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Lake County, California.

California statewide West Nile virus (WNV) minimum infection rates in Culex thriambus Dyar mosquitoes are high; however, few specimens are submitted and tested each year, as their distribution seems limited to larval habitats along riparian systems. To evaluate the role of Cx. thriambus in the amplification, maintenance, and overwintering of WNV in Lake County, CA, the bionomics and vector potential of the species was investigated during 2014 and 2015. Culex thriambus was the most abundant mosquito species, with 1,153 adults and 7,624 immatures collected by vacuum aspiration and dip sampling, respectively, at the primary study site. Detection of WNV in four mosquito pools during September through November coincided with peak seasonality. Females entered and maintained a reproductive diapause during winter under field and seminatural conditions. Diapause was initiated in the majority of Cx. thriambus females by October and was terminated by 30 March. Some parous females (7.1%) and those in host-seeking arrest (7.1%) were collected throughout the winter period. An accrual of 679.51 degree-days (°D) was necessary for diapause termination under seminatural conditions. Culex thriambus females fed on 16 different avian species during spring and summer, and no mammalian feeds were detected. West Nile viral RNA was detected in four of 42 Cx. thriambus pools tested during June through November and infection rates ranged from 3.53–28.15/1,000 tested. In summary, WNV transmission may be increased along riparian corridors throughout California where Cx. thriambus mosquitoes remain relatively abundant.
Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents from the Skin

Medical decontamination of the skin should be suitable for a variety of biological surface detoxification and decontamination schemes for both chemical weapons and pesticides (known as organophosphates), such as those directed against cholinesterases. With the constant threat of chemical warfare, terrorist acts, or spilling of pesticides, the development of improved means of protecting individuals from exposure to these agents, and decontaminating them when they are exposed, is critical. An understanding of skin, the primary barrier to chemical warfare agents, is required to develop novel treatments post-exposure. Therefore, the skin is defined and explored in this chapter.
Hardy Weinberg Exact Test In Large Scale Variant Calling Quality Control

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) test is widely used as a quality control measure to detect sequencing artifacts like mismapping, allelic dropout and biases. However, in the high throughput sequencing era, where the sample size is beyond a thousand scale, the utility of HWE test in reducing the false positive rate remains unclear. In this paper, we demonstrate that HWE test has limited power in identifying sequencing artifacts when the variant allele frequency is lower than 1% in a variant call set produced from more than five thousand whole genome sequenced samples from two homogeneous populations. We develop a novel strategy of implementing HWE filtering in which we incorporate site frequency spectrum information and determine the p-value cutoff which optimizes the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity. The novel strategy is shown to outperform the exact test of HWE with an empirical constant p-value cutoff regardless of the sequencing sample size. We also present best practice recommendations for identifying possible sources of false positives from large sequencing datasets based on an analysis of intrinsic biases in the variant calling process. Our novel strategy of determining the HWE test p-value cutoff and applying the test to the common variants provides a practical approach for the variant level quality controls in the upcoming sequencing projects with tens to hundreds of thousand of samples.
The DASH Diet, 20 Years Later

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the publication showing the blood pressure–lowering effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.1 The DASH diet is considered an important advance in nutritional science. It emphasizes foods rich in protein, fiber, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, such as fruits and vegetables, beans, nuts, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. It also limits foods high in saturated fat and sugar.1 DASH is not a reduced-sodium diet, but its effect is enhanced by also lowering sodium intake.1 Since the creation of DASH 20 years ago, numerous trials have demonstrated that it consistently lowers blood pressure across a diverse range of patients with hypertension and prehypertension.
Acute Spinal Cord Compression.

Compression of the spinal cord can result from trauma, cancer, epidural abscess, or epidural hematoma and can have a variety of clinical manifestations based on the anatomical level and completeness of the compression. Treatment approaches are outlined.
Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Development by Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Cyclic AMP

The mechanisms that regulate the development of oligodendrocytes and the synthesis of myelin are very incompletely understood. Clarification of these processes would lead to a better understanding of nervous system development and function in health and disease, and may lead to the development of therapies to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases.
Central Sleep Apnea and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndromes

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is increasingly being recognized as an important contributor to morbidity and mortality, particularly when this form of sleep-disordered breathing complicates a variety of coexisting conditions. Two major categories of CSA have been described: hyperventilatory CSA, a frequent complication of CHF, stroke, hypoxemia, or residence at high altitude, and hypoventilatory CSA, which may occur in the setting of ventilatory impairment from neurological or neuromuscular disease or with chronic use of opioids. Hyperventilatory CSA (which may also exhibit the pattern of Hunter-Cheyne-Stokes respiration) is a manifestation of unstable control of breathing that may be due to one or more of the following factors: elevated CO2 chemosensitivity, prolonged circulation time, frequent sleep/wake transitions, or reduced pulmonary O2 and CO2 stores. Hypoventilatory CSA emerges when disease or drugs affect medullary respiratory control centers, or in disorders that interrupt innervation of the respiratory muscles or the functioning of the respiratory muscles themselves. The management of CSA depends on properly identifying whether it is hyper- or hypoventilatory through polysomnography, arterial blood gas determination, and other diagnostic modalities, investigating for the presence of coexisting obstructive sleep disordered breathing, and then selecting and validating a proper treatment modality. Hyperventilatory CSA most often responds to treatment of the underlying disorder and oxygen administration and/or positive airway pressure therapy. Hypoventilatory CSA often requires noninvasive positive pressure ventilatory assistance.
Effect of abattoir waste water on metabolic and antioxidant profiles of cowpea seedlings grown in crude oil contaminated soil

The pollution of agricultural land by crude oil is a wide spread phenomenon in petroleum producing countries of the world. Therefore, there is the need to find effective and eco-friendly means of mitigating the toxic effect of crude oil on crop plants. Green house experiment was conducted with cowpea seeds planted in polybags containing crude oil contaminated soil and similar concentrations treated with known amount of abattoir wastewater. The effect of abattoir wastewater (AWW) treatment of the crude oil contaminated soil on the metabolic and antioxidant properties of the leaves of cowpea seedlings was investigated. The concentrations of total sugar, total protein, total amino acid and β-carotene, chlorophyll, starch metabolizing enzymes as well as oxidative stress markers, lipid peroxidation, catalase, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and superoxide dismutase were determined using standard methods. Treatment of the crude oil contaminated soil with AWW resulted in decreases in total sugar, total protein and total amino acid as well as increase in the activities of both α-amylase and starch phosphorylase and total chlorophyll and β-carotene levels compared with those in crude oil alone treated groups. Treatment of the crude oil contaminated soil with AWW also significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and Cu/ZnSOD, but increased MnSOD, catalase, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities. These observations suggest that abattoir wastewater has the ability to remediate the adverse effects of crude oil polluted soil on cowpea seedlings. Therefore, abattoir wastewater should be harnessed and used in treating crude oil polluted farmland so as to reduce its toxicity on crop plants.
Development of a Participatory Capacity-Building Program for Congregational Health Leaders in African American Churches in the US South.

African Americans are disproportionately affected by diabetes and colorectal cancer. Although studies have shown the effective­ness of spiritually based health interventions delivered by community health workers to African Americans, few have described the development of the capacity-building com­ponent. This article describes this process. The development of the Healthy Congre­gations Healthy Communities Program (HCHC) was guided through a community-based participatory research lens and included: 1) establishment of a community coalition; 2) identification by coalition members of churches as the best venues for health promotion strategies among African Americans; 3) recruitment of churches; 4) development of a training manual; 5) recruitment and training of congregational health leaders (CHLs); and 6) “Passing of the torch” from the coalition to the CHLs who implemented the intervention in their con­gregations. We trained 35 CHLs to promote awareness about diabetes and colorectal cancer using a culturally relevant, spiritually based curriculum. Pre- and post-test paired t-tests showed significant increases in CHLs’ knowledge of wellness (P<.001), colorectal cancer (P<.002), nutrition (P<.004), and lifestyle changes (P<.005). The community-academic partnership was successful in developing a culturally relevant, spiritually based capacity-building program for African American CHLs to implement health pro­motion strategies in their congregations and communities. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(1):11-18; doi:10.18865/ed.28.1.11.
Damage Control Resuscitation Supplemented with Vasopressin in a Severe Polytrauma Model with Traumatic Brain Injury and Uncontrolled Internal Hemorrhage.

INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) are the leading causes of traumatic death worldwide and particularly on the battlefield. They are especially challenging when present simultaneously (polytrauma), and clear blood pressure end points during fluid resuscitation are not well described for this situation. The goal of this study is to evaluate for any benefit of increasing blood pressure using a vasopressor on brain blood flow during initial fluid resuscitation in a swine polytrauma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a swine polytrauma model with simultaneous TBI, femur fracture, and HS with uncontrolled noncompressible internal bleeding from an aortic tear injury. Five animals were assigned to each of three experimental groups (hydroxyethyl starch only [HES], HES + 0.4 U/kg vasopressin, and no fluid resuscitation [No Fluids]). Fluids were given as two 10 mL/kg boluses according to tactical field care guidelines. Primary outcomes were mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and brain blood flow at 60 min. Secondary outcomes were blood flows in the heart, intestine, and kidney; arterial blood lactate level; and survival at 6 hr. Organ blood flow was measured using injection of colored microspheres. RESULTS Five animals were tested in each of the three groups. There was a statistically significant increase in MAP with vasopressin compared with other experimental groups, but no significant increase in brain blood flow during the first 60 min of resuscitation. The vasopressin group also exhibited greater total internal hemorrhage volume and rate. There was no difference in survival at 6 hours. CONCLUSION In this experimental swine polytrauma model, increasing blood pressure with vasopressin did not improve brain perfusion, likely due to increased internal hemorrhage. Effective hemostasis should remain the top priority for field treatment of the polytrauma casualty with TBI.
The Shared Emotional Themes of Illness and Anaphylaxis: An Application With Relevance for Medical Family Therapy

In 2000, the developers of medical family therapy (MedFT) discussed 10 emotional themes of illness (ETI) experienced by both individuals and families. The current article aims to apply these 10 ETI...
Low Vision Driving with Bioptics: An Overview:

This article presents an overview of driving for adolescents and adults who meet their states’ visual requirements for low vision driving using bioptic lenses. It also discusses the outcomes of two...
Abstract 612: High Dimensional Single-Cell Intracellular Signaling Identifies CCL5 as a Potential Key Driver of Myeloid Cell Reprogramming in Atherosclerotic Patients

Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation. However, identifying new molecularly targeted interventions in human atherosclerosis has proven difficult. In this study, we used phosphoCyTOF to comprehensively characterize functional responses of peripheral immune populations in human atherosclerosis at the single-cell level. Healthy PBMCs were exposed to plasma of patients with atherosclerosis (n=20) or healthy donors (n=10) and the activation of major signaling pathways across all major immune subsets using 18 surface markers and 10 intracellular phospho-proteins. Using viSNE we visualized and defined 10 major immune cell populations: B cells, Basophils, CD1c DCs, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, CD14 and CD16 monocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, and pDCs. Next, we evaluated the relative expression of 10 phospho-proteins (IkBa, pCREB, pERK1/2, pMAPKAP2, pp38, pPLCg2, pS6, pSTAT1, pSTAT3, and pSTAT5) across this immunological map and visualized functional pathways that were differentially induced in response to plasma of atherosclerotic patients vs. healthy donors. Monocytes exhibited the greatest immune activation, showing increased phosphorylation of p38, MAPKAP2, ERK1/2, CREB and S6 in response to atherosclerotic plasma. To identify plasma cytokines responsible for this effect, we measured a panel of 41 cytokines and identified CCL5, CXCL10 (IP-10), CXCL1 (GRO), PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB as the most differentially expressed in atherosclerotic vs. healthy plasma. PhosphoCyTOF analysis showed that only CCL5 reproduced the phosphorylation pattern induced by atherosclerotic plasma in monocytes, an effect that was completely inhibited by a CCL5 blocking antibody (Fig. 1). These results suggest that CCL5 in plasma of patients with atherosclerotic disease drives specific innate immune cell signaling functions that mark the inflammatory response in atherosclerotic disease.
Terrestrial Food Webs and Vulnerability of the Structure and Functioning of Ecosystems to Climate

Species in food webs are the building blocks of a natural economy that produce the suite of natural resources and ecosystem services upon which humans depend. Herbivore and carnivore species in the middle and top of the food web are disproportionately vulnerable because they are most sensitive to changes in climate statistics and they are already some of the most heavily exploited or persecuted species by humans. Current exploitation patterns conflated by changes in local and regional climate statistics could cause major disruptions in the functioning of this economy and trigger a 30–40% loss in the services it produces by altering interdependencies among species in food webs.
In-Place Distributed Heterogeneous Reconfiguration Planning

This paper describes a distributed planner that allows a self-reconfiguring robot consisting of heterogeneous modules to change configuration without using extra space. This work builds on previous work on reconfiguration planning for homogeneous robots and our recent work on heterogeneous reconfiguration planning that requires temporary working space to execute. Motivated by a specific algorithm for the distributed Crystal robot, we describe and analyze an O(n 2)-time reconfiguration algorithm for systems of modules with assigned types that uses a constrained amount of free space.
Tables for Wilcoxon's Rank Sum Test in Randomized Blocks

The Wilcoxon two-sample test carried out in randomized blocks is discussed and exemplified. Tables of critical values are given for 1-sided (2-sided) significance levels of 0.001 (0.002), 0.005 (0.01), 0.01 (0.02), 0.025 (0.05), 0.05 (0.10), and 0.10 (0..
Reduction Cystoplasty in Prune Belly Syndrome

Reduction cystoplasty is a useful procedure to treat a large, poorly functioning bladder in boys with prune belly syndrome who are candidates for urinary tract reconstruction. The technique includes elliptical resection of all anomalous urachal tissue and sufficient detrusor dome to reduce bladder capacity to average size and to create a spherical detrusor. Improved detrusor function and a satisfactory or excellent result can be expected.
Prospective impact of individual, family and community youth assets on adolescent suicide ideation

Background Studies have found that youth assets have a protective influence on many risk behaviours. However, the relationship between youth assets and adolescent suicide ideation is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if youth assets were prospectively associated with suicide ideation. Methods Four waves of data were collected from 1111 youth and their parents living in randomly sampled census tracts that were stratified by income and race/ethnicity using census data. Computer-assisted, in-person data collection methods were used to measure assets at the individual (6 assets), family (4 assets) and community (6 assets) levels. Generalised linear mixed models were used to prospectively assess the relationship between the number of individual-level, family-level and community-level assets and suicide ideation, while controlling for known confounders. Results About half of the sample was female (53%). Participants were racially/ethnically diverse (white (41%), Hispanic (29%) and black (24%)). Eleven of the 16 assets were associated with reduced odds of suicide ideation. In addition, there was a graded relationship between the number of assets at each level (individual, family and community) and the odds of suicide ideation. For example, compared with youth with 0–2 family assets, those with 3 (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.90) or 4 (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.51) family assets had lower odds of suicide ideation. Conclusions This prospective analysis showed a protective relationship between youth assets and suicide ideation, with the greatest protection among youth with the most assets. Interventions designed to build youth assets may be a useful strategy for reducing adolescent suicide ideation.
Molecular studies of the 5S RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Production of chromosomes containing duplications and deficiencies.

Aneuploids have been produced for the 5S RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster by three different methods. Tandem duplications were produced at a frequency of about 0.05% by irradiation of oocytes and selection for “anti-Minutes.” Other Minute suppressors were recovered and localized to the region between nuDand Pu2on the genetic map. One, SuM1, reduced crossing-over as a heterozygote and is tentatively identified as a duplication. Deficiencies for the 5S RNA genes were also produced, which showed no dominant phenotype. A Minute deficiency was localized to region 56F-57A on the salivary map and was shown to be allelic to M(2) 173. The “anti-Minute” method of selection should be useful for producing tandem duplications throughout the genome.
Horizontal and vertical integration's role in meaningful use attestation over time

OBJECTIVE To compare rates of attestation and attrition from the MU program by independent, horizontally integrated, and vertically integrated physicians and to assess whether MU created pressure for independent physicians to join integrated organizations. DATA SOURCE/STUDY SETTING Secondary Data from SK&A and Medicare MU Files, 2011-2016. Office-based physicians in the 50 United States and District of Columbia. STUDY DESIGN We compared attestation rates among physicians that remained independent or integrated throughout the study period. We then assessed the association between changing integration and MU attestation in multivariate regression models. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our sample included 291 234 physicians. Forty nine percent of physicians that remained independent throughout the period attested to MU at least once during the program, compared with 70 percent of physicians that remained horizontally or vertically integrated physicians. Only approximately 50 percent of independent physicians that attested between 2011 and 2013 attested in 2015, representing significantly more attrition than we observed among integrated physicians. In multivariate regression models, physicians that joined these organizations were more likely to have attested to MU prior to integrating and this difference increased following integration. CONCLUSIONS These findings point toward a growing digital divide between physicians who remain independent and integrated physicians that may have been exacerbated by the MU program. Targeted public policy, such as new regional extension centers, should be considered to address this disparity.
Enigmatic velocity dispersions of ultradiffuse galaxies in light of modified gravity theories and the radial acceleration relation

Recent observations of anomalous line-of-sight velocity dispersions of two ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) provide a stringent test for modified gravity theories. While NGC 1052-DF2 exhibits an extremely low dispersion value (σ∼7.8-2.2+5.6 km/s), the reported dispersion value for NGC 1052-DF44 is quite high (σ∼41.0±8 km/s). For DF2, the dynamical mass is almost equal to the luminous mass suggesting the galaxy have little to no “dark matter” in ΛCDM whereas DF4 requires a dynamical mass-to-light ratio of ∼30 making it to be almost entirely consists of dark matter. It has been claimed that both these galaxies, marking the extreme points in terms of the estimated dynamical mass-to-light ratio among known galaxies, would be difficult to explain in modified gravity scenarios. Extending the analysis presented in [T. Islam and K. Dutta, Phys. Rev. D 100, 104049 (2019)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.100.104049], we explore the dynamics of DF2 and DF44 within the context of three popular alternative theories of gravity [modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), Weyl conformal gravity and modified gravity (MOG)] and examine their viability against the dispersion data of DF2 and DF44. We further show that the galactic “radial acceleration relation” (RAR) is consistent with DF44 dispersion data but not with DF2.
A Vehicular GPS Error Prediction Model Based on Data Smoothing Preprocessed LSTM

GPS accuracy is affected by multiple factors, such as satellite clock error, atmospheric delay and multipath fading. Traditionally, develop an algorithm to increase GPS accuracy requires complicated analytical modeling on each error source. Instead, this paper aims to present an approach to improve the accuracy by utilizing deep learning technique. A Long Short-Term memory (LSTM) based prediction method is presented to predict the GPS errors. A well trained model can learn and detect the underlying patterns of the GPS errors in the past time series and thus predict the future errors. Data smoothing preprocess is performed by a digital filter, which is designed and integrated into our approach, this preprocess increases the accuracy and the stability of the system by reducing the impact of unpredictable random noise. The system is set for 10 future steps prediction, with the performances been evaluated by comparing with traditional prediction models. Based on our experimental results, the overall prediction accuracy is increased by 16%, and 37.7% at the furthest prediction step.
Joseph Ratzinger’s ‘Kierkegaardian option’ in Introduction to Christianity

Although scholars increasingly recognize the debts of twentieth-century Roman Catholic theologians to Soren Kierkegaard, no one has yet traced this influence to Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Emeritus Bene...
Characterization of Primed Adaptation in the Escherichia coli type I-E CRISPR-Cas System

CRISPR-Cas systems are bacterial immune systems that target invading nucleic acid. The hallmark of CRISPR-Cas systems is the CRISPR array, a genetic locus that includes short sequences known as "spacers", that are derived from invading nucleic acid. Upon exposure to an invading nucleic acid molecule, bacteria/archaea with functional CRISPR-Cas systems can add new spacers to their CRISPR arrays in a process known as "adaptation". In type I CRISPR-Cas systems, which represent the majority of CRISPR-Cas systems found in nature, adaptation can occur by two mechanisms: naive and primed. Here, we show that, for the archetypal type I-E CRISPR-Cas system from Escherichia coli, primed adaptation occurs at least 1,000 times more efficiently than naive adaptation. By initiating primed adaptation on the E. coli chromosome, we show that spacers can be acquired across distances of >100 kb from the initially targeted site, and we identify multiple factors that influence the efficiency with which sequences are acquired as new spacers. Thus, our data provide insight into the mechanism of primed adaptation.
The Value of Sonography Education Faculty in an Academic Emergency Ultrasound Program

Within the West Virginia University (WVU) Department of Emergency Medicine (DEM), education related to point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been under the jurisdiction of the POCUS director in the ...
The School-Based Speech-Language Pathologist's Role in Diverting the School-to-Confinement Pipeline for Youth With Communication Disorders

Purpose The overarching aim of this article is to discuss the intersectionality of the school-to-confinement pipeline and its detrimental effect on the societal and academic success of youth with c...
Current Surgical Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic dermatologic condition that often necessitates surgical treatment. Surgical approaches vary substantially with little data on efficacy and safety. Objective Summarize the literature on HS surgery with regards to patient characteristics, surgical approaches, and study quality. Compare postsurgical recurrence rates with a meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for studies on surgical HS management published after 2004. A random effects meta-analysis of recurrence rates was performed on eligible studies. Results Of 715 identified studies, 59 were included in the review and 33 in the meta-analysis. Twenty-two studies of wide excision had the lowest pooled recurrence rate at 8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2%-16%); local excision had the highest at 34% (95% CI 24%-44%). For studies of wide/radical excision, flap repair had the lowest pooled recurrence rate at 0% (95% CI 0%-4%); delayed primary closure had the highest at 38% (95% CI 20%-59%). Conclusions Wide excision and flap-based reconstruction are associated with a lower postsurgical HS recurrence, although this must be balanced against potentially higher morbidity of extensive procedures. Heterogeneity and methodological limitations of the evidence limit the ability to make a strong conclusion about the relative recurrence rates associated with surgical techniques. Registration PROSPERO ID: CRD42020159948.
Circular Economy Meets the Fashion Industry: Challenges and Opportunities in New York City

With increasing awareness and urgency to address the risks of climate change, resource depletion, and waste accumulation, the concept of the circular economy is gaining momentum as a guiding framework to design and implement system-level strategies and policies to enable sustainable economic development. Today’s fashion industry is one of the sectors that has the greatest opportunity to transform from a linear take-make-waste approach to a circular model that minimizes non-renewable resource consumption and landfilling of textile waste. The key is to extend the fashion product life cycle and incentivize value-creation opportunities. With the principles of making the fashion industry circular in mind, this paper focuses on New York City to examine the various stakeholders and their collaborations that seek novel ways of closing the loop of the fashion value chain. The stakeholders’ current strategies and main bottlenecks are analyzed to assess opportunities for technological and policy interventions. We argue that, while technologies such as the Internet of things and digital identification have great potential to increase feedback loops and transparency throughout the fashion product value chain, thereby addressing existing challenges in making the circular transition, it is crucial to understand the context in which to apply these technologies and assess policy and regulatory incentives that need to accompany them. This paper provides an explorative overview of the experiences in New York City, which serves as a useful case study for policymakers, organizations, and individuals who are interested in knowing the actual practice and challenges in applying circular economy principles to the fashion industry.
Body composition of extremely preterm infants fed protein-enriched, fortified milk: a randomized trial.

Background Critically ill extremely preterm infants fed human milk are often underrepresented in neonatal nutrition trials aimed to determine the effects of enteral protein supplementation on body composition outcomes. Methods Masked randomized trial in which 56 extremely preterm infants 25-28 weeks of gestation were randomized to receive either fortified milk enriched with a fixed amount of extensively hydrolyzed protein (high protein group) or fortified milk without additional protein (standard protein group). Results Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. In a longitudinal analysis, the mean percent body fat (%BF) at 30-32 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA), 36 weeks PMA, and 3 months of corrected age (CA) did not differ between groups (17 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 4; p = 0.09). The high protein group had higher weight (-0.1 ± 1.2 vs. -0.8 ± 1.3; p = 0.03) and length (-0.8 ± 1.3 vs. -1.5 ± 1.3; p = 0.02) z scores from birth to 3 months CA. The high protein group also had higher fat-free mass (FFM) z scores at 36 weeks PMA (-0.9 ± 1.1 vs. -1.5 ± 1.1; p = 0.04). Conclusions Increased enteral intake of protein increased FFM accretion, weight, and length in extremely preterm infants receiving protein-enriched, fortified human milk. Impact Extremely preterm infants are at high risk of developing postnatal growth failure, particularly when they have low fat-free mass gains. Protein supplementation increases fat-free mass accretion in infants, but several neonatal nutrition trials aimed to determine the effects of enteral protein supplementation on body composition outcomes have systematically excluded critically ill extremely preterm infants fed human milk exclusively. In extremely preterm infants fed fortified human milk, higher enteral protein intake increases fat-free mass accretion and promotes growth without causing excessive body fat accretion.
An Introduction to the Circle Method of Hardy, Littlewood, and Ramanujan

We discuss the number of lattice points with integer coordinates on the sphere of radius $$\lambda $$ and Vinogradov’s Theorem on the representation of integers as a sum of three primes.
Nutrition and Lifestyle Approaches to Optimize Skeletal Health

Nutritional and lifestyle interventions for optimizing skeletal health are key adjuncts to pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake is critical for maintaining bone homeostasis and dysregulation of their metabolism results in significant bone pathology. Lifestyle interventions such as exercise, smoking cessation, and abstinence from alcohol are also important non-pharmacological interventions for optimizing skeletal health and should be a part of any comprehensive regimen for the treatment of metabolic bone disease. Vitamin K and strontium are additional essential nutrients that are currently being investigated for their role in augmenting bone health. Here we review the data regarding their use and offer insight into the clinical question of to whom and when dietary supplementation with these agents is recommended.
Methodical resources for determination of Czech agriculture being competitive

On the basis of 26 points of operational and economical character and their levels the competitive attitude of agricultural firms of CR was appreciated with the help of SPACE-method analyses. The results show the economical condition to the beginning of 1998. The results show the economy of the firm in nonstabil entrepreneur's environment, in defensive attitude, weak competitive position, limited possibilities of another development with better power of negotiation of suppliers and consumers. Under unchanged conditions it is not possible to realize the strategy of integration and that is why same firms should start to realize the strategy of liquidation.
Pulmonary edema secondary to a cardiac schwannoma in a dog

A 4-year-old castrated labrador retriever presented for cardiac evaluation to determine the etiology of cardiogenic pulmonary edema diagnosed 1 month prior. A large pedunculated mass involving the ventral aspect of the mural mitral valve leaflet and the endocardial surface of the left ventricular free wall, resulting in severe mitral regurgitation, was identified on echocardiogram. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of this mass and other endocardial masses identified at necropsy for S-100 protein were consistent with a diagnosis of schwannoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a benign intracardiac schwannoma described in the left heart of a dog.
Use of Ground Eggshells as a Liming Source

Materials and Methods The experiment site was Clarion loam soil. Eggshell samples were collected from stockpiles prior to application and analyzed for ECCE using traditional methods (Table 1). Equal ECCE rates of agricultural lime and ground eggshells, based on the lab analysis, were applied in April 2002 (Table 2). Treatment rates were CHECK, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 lb ECCE/acre. Plot size was 20 ft × 50 ft. Treatments were replicated five times. Liming materials were incorporated prior to planting. Plots were planted to corn or soybean annually (2002– 2012). Soil samples, 0–6 in. depth, were collected prior to application and following harvest annually from 2002 to 2008. The plots were also sampled in 2010 and 2012 following corn. Adequate rates of N, P, and K were applied across the entire study area to alleviate any potential yield responses from nutrients in the eggshells or due to soil test differences.
Restricted branching programs and hardware verification

Recent developments in the field of digital design and hardware verification have found great use for restricted forms of branching programs. In particular, oblivious read-once branching programs (also called "OBDD's") are central to a very common technique for verifying circuits. These programs are useful because they are easily manipulated and compared for equivalence. However, their utility is limited because they cannot compute in polynomial size several simple functions--most notably, integer multiplication. This limitation has prompted the consideration of alternative models, usually restricted classes of branching programs, in the hope of finding one with greater computational power but also easily manipulated and tested for equivalence. Read-once (non-oblivious) branching programs can to some degree be manipulated and tested for equivalence, but it has been an open question whether they can compute integer multiplication in polynomial size. The main result of this thesis proves that they cannot--multiplication requires size $2\sp{\Omega(\sqrt{n})}.$ This is the first lower bound for multiplication on non-oblivious branching programs. By defining the appropriate kind of problem reduction, which we call read-once reductions, we are able to show that our result implies the same asymptotic lower bound for other arithmetic functions. We also survey known results about the various alternative models, describing the main techniques used for thinking about their computation and for proving lower bounds. These techniques are illustrated with two proofs that have not appeared in the literature. We summarize the known results by taking a structural approach of comparing the complexity classes corresponding to the various models. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Creating a science of nature reserve design: Perspectives from history

The science of nature reserve design has benefited from crossover between ecology and operations research since the 1980s. Applications of ecological theory had generated debate about reserve design in the 1970s and 1980s, when problems of reserve design were reformulated to draw on the methods of operations research and decision science. Advances in simulation modeling, especially models of forest growth, provided new tools for understanding ecological dynamics. A synthesis of these approaches provides ways to advance the science and facilitate its application to practical problems.
High-resolution photoacoustic tomography

Optical contrast is sensitive to physiological parameters, such as the oxygen saturation and total concentration of hemoglobin, in biological tissues. Photoacoustic tomography is based on the high optical contrast yet utilizing the high ultrasonic resolution. Our work in this emerging area of research will be summarized in this invited talk. In this technology, a diffraction-based inverse-source problem is solved in the image reconstruction, for which we developed the rigorous reconstruction theory. We implemented a prototype and accomplished non-invasive transdermal and transcranial functional imaging of small-animal brains in vivo. Changes in the cerebral blood oxygenation and blood volume of a rat, as a result of the alternation from hyperoxia to hypoxia, were imaged successfully.
Theories of Decision-Making in Economics and Behavioural Science

Recent years have seen important new explorations along the boundaries between economics and psychology. For the economist, the immediate question about these developments is whether they include new advances in psychology that can fruitfully be applied to economics. But the psychologist will also raise the converse question—whether there are developments in economic theory and observation that have implications for the central core of psychology. If economics is able to find verifiable and verified generalisations about human economic behaviour, then these generalisations must have a place in the more general theories of human behaviour to which psychology and sociology aspire. Influence will run both ways.2
End-Users' Mental Models of Concepts Critical to Web Application Development

We report an empirical study of nonprogrammers' mental models regarding particular concerns in Web application development such as input validation, database lookup, and overview-detail relationships. The goal of the study was to understand how nonprogrammers think about the data and logic underlying a Web application. In continuing work, we are using this understanding as a basis for the design of tools and development resources that are intuitive and easy to use. The current paper describes the empirical work that was done and discusses its implications for the design of end-user Web development tools that could be used to develop Web applications of intermediate complexity
Effects of daily kangaroo care on cardiorespiratory parameters in preterm infants.

Background/aims Kangaroo care (KC) has possible benefits for promoting physiological stability and positive developmental outcomes in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to compare bradycardia and desaturation events in preterm infants in standard incubator care (SC) versus KC.
An experimental testbed for intelligent control

In this paper we discuss the development of an experimental testbed for research in intelligent robotic systems. Our system, an air hockey playing robot, consists of a direct drive robot arm, DSP controller, DataCube vision system, CCD camera and air table, is an excellent vehicle to facilitate our research in the integration of machine learning with nonlinear and adaptive control theory and real-time visual servoing. As a first application we present a new result on adaptive visual servoing with online calibration for this system.
A wireless R&D perspective on RF/IF passives integration

Wireless handset evolution has been, and continues to be, driven by a combination of developments in largely separate but interacting technologies. The relentless progress of radio architectures, digital circuits, and process technologies seems to offer new avenues and opportunities for external passives reduction by elimination or integration. Clearly, passive components face a Darwinian battle for existence as only the nonintegrable and truly uneliminatable survive the inexorable pressure to reduce size and total system cost. Meanwhile, market demands for multi-band, multi-mode products operating at disparate RF frequencies are creating new challenges at the radio system level, which may also open new opportunities for passive component integration. Researchers in industry and academia are responding to these with "integration technologies" from embedded high-density interconnect boards, multilayer ceramic modules, on-chip inductive components and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS).
Steam Turbine Materials

The modern steam turbines rotate at 1800 or 3600 rpm and produce a “shaft output” of 800–300 MW. Less than 50 years ago, a machine with the same rpm was rated at less than 200 MW. The underlying reason for the trend to large size is the economy of scale, i.e., the lower capital cost in dollars per kilowatt as size increases.
Upper Airway Physiology in Sleep and Anesthesia

Upper airway patency, during periods of sleep and anesthesia, is an area of study gaining interest in many fields of medicine. Disturbances in ventilatory control thatoccurduringvariousstagesof sleepand anesthesia are well recognized. These alterations can involve the upper airway, leading to increases in upper airway collapsibility and airflow obstruction. Comorbid conditions including obesity, craniofacial disorders, and Down syndrome as well as the administration of respiratory depressants markedly increase the individual’s susceptibility to upper airway obstruction. These conditions are known risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a chronic condition that is characterized by recurrent episodes of pharyngeal obstruction with ensuing oxyhemoglobin desaturations and arousals from sleep. Furthermore, anesthetic and sedative agents can precipitate upper airway obstruction acutely in the perioperative period, leading to potentially catastrophic respiratory complications, especially in patients undergoing upper airway surgery. Regardless of the clinical setting,
Neuropsychological evaluation and management of sport-related concussion.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sport-related concussion (SRC) is common in children and adolescents. Although symptoms are typically self-limiting and short-lived, some individuals suffer persistent negative outcomes. The risk of repeat injury and prolonged recovery can be reduced by accurate diagnosis and management. In the absence of reported symptoms, neuropsychological assessment has been identified as objective means of determining dysfunction following concussion. Most research to date has focused on adult populations. This review summarizes the literature regarding neuropsychological evaluation of SRC in the pediatric athlete. RECENT FINDINGS: As with adult populations, neuropsychological evaluation of children and adolescents diagnosed with SRC has documented skills and abilities that are particularly sensitive to head injury. Difficulties with attention and concentration, speed of information processing, and memory are commonly reported in the literature. There is also some evidence to suggest that younger children are particularly vulnerable to neurologic insult and are at greater risk for secondary consequences. Although such findings argue for more conservative management, the availability of diagnostic tools, including computerized neurocognitive assessment batteries, is limited. SUMMARY: The neuropsychological impact of SRC on functioning is well established. Because documented deficits have the potential to interfere with critical aspects of normal development in children and adolescents, accurate diagnosis and management of SRC are especially important. Despite some limitations, there is good evidence to support the use of neuropsychological assessment to inform treatments and return-to-play decision making. Language: en