cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Impairment of Human Dendritic Cell Function by Virulent Francisella tularensis Schu S4

The gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis causes acute, lethal pneumonic disease following infection with only 10 CFU. The mechanisms used by the bacterium to accomplish this in humans are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that virulent, type A F. tularensis strain Schu S4 efficiently infects and replicates in human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). Despite exponential replication over time, Schu S4 failed to stimulate transforming growth factor β, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, alpha interferon (IFN-α), and IFN-β throughout the course of infection. Schu S4 also suppressed the ability of directly infected DCs to respond to different Toll-like receptor agonists. Furthermore, we also observed functional inhibition of uninfected bystander cells. This inhibition was mediated, in part, by a heat-stable bacterial component. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Schu S4 was present in Schu S4-conditioned medium. However, Schu S4 LPS was weakly inflammatory and failed to induce suppression of DCs at concentrations below 10 μg/ml, and depletion of Schu S4 LPS did not significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of Schu S4-conditioned medium in uninfected human DCs. Together, these data show that type A F. tularensis interferes with the ability of a central cell type of the immune system, DCs, to alert the host of infection both intra- and extracellularly. This suggests that immune dysregulation by F. tularensis operates on a broader and more comprehensive scale than previously appreciated.
Glutamine synthetase isoforms in nitrogen-fixing soybean nodules: Distinct oligomeric structures and thiol-based regulation

Legume root nodule glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the assimilation of ammonia produced by nitrogen fixation. Two GS isoform subtypes (GS1β and GS1γ) are present in soybean nodules. GS1γ isoforms differ from GS1β isoforms in terms of their susceptibility to reversible inhibition by intersubunit disulfide bond formation between C159 and C92 at the shared active site at subunit interfaces. Although nodule GS enzymes share 86% amino acid sequence identity, analytical ultracentrifugation experiments showed that GS1γ is a dodecamer, whereas the GS1β is a decamer. It is proposed that this difference contributes to the differential thiol sensitivity of each isoform, and that GS1γ1 may be a target of thiol-based regulation.
The Mixture Of Distribution Hypothesis And The Russian Stock Market

According to the mixture of distributions hypothesis (MDH), a serially correlated mixture of variables measuring the rate at which information arrives to the market explains the GARCH effects in stock returns. While reasonable amount of empirical evidence supports this hypothesis for developed, highly liquid stock markets in industrial countries, the current literature does not provide much findings for stock markets in countries that have recently experienced the transition from economic planning to capitalism. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a first piece of evidence for one of the newly created stock market, the Russian stock market. Examination of the relationship between risk, returns, volatility and volume existing in the Russian stock market provides evidence in support of the MDH and suggests that even in emerging and turbulent markets risk and returns are jointly integrated to the flow of information arriving to the market.
Aging and Technology

In a recent article (Ferraro, Wunderlich, Wyrobek, & Weivoda, 2014), my co-authors and I observed some interesting relationships between age and texting and iPod dependence. We wanted to see if texting and iPod dependence were related to each other (they are) but also included a wide age range of subjects, primarily due to the fact that we were employing MTurk (Buhrmester, Kwang, & Gosling, 2011). Across all four of the texting and iPod dependence scales (Emotional Reaction, Excessive Use, Relationship Disruption, Psychological/ Behavioral Symptoms), all relationships with the variable Age were negative (r’s ranged from -.06 to -.45) and all but one was significant (ps<0.01).
Flavored axion-monodromy inflation

The hierarchy of fermion masses in the standard model may arise via the breaking of discrete gauge symmetries. The renormalizable interactions of the flavor-symmetry-breaking potential can have accidental global symmetries that are spontaneously broken, leading to pseudo-Goldstone bosons that may drive inflation. We consider two-field, axion-monodromy inflation models in which the inflaton is identified with a linear combination of pseudo-Goldstone bosons of the flavor sector. We show that the resulting models are nontrivially constrained by current cosmological data as well as the requirements of viable flavor model building.
NONTROPICAL SPRUE WITH SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

We have presented the case history of a patient with lifelong, classic nontropical sprue which was previously undiagnosed. She developed secondary hyperparathyroidism with extreme osteitis fibrosa cystica. As do some patients with malabsorption, she presented with musculoskeletal rather than gastrointestinal complaints.
Characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 high ovarian cancer cells: Towards targeted stem cell therapy.

Abstract Objective The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm hypothesizes that successful clinical eradication of CSCs may lead to durable remission for patients with ovarian cancer. Despite mounting evidence in support of ovarian CSCs, their phenotype and clinical relevance remain unclear. We and others have found high aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH high ) expression in a variety of normal and malignant stem cells, and sought to better characterize ALDH high cells in ovarian cancer. Methods We compared ALDH high to ALDH low cells in two ovarian cancer models representing distinct subtypes: FNAR-C1 cells, derived from a spontaneous rat endometrioid carcinoma, and the human SKOV3 cell line (described as both serous and clear cell subtypes). We assessed these populations for stem cell features then analyzed expression by microarray and qPCR. Results ALDH high cells displayed CSC properties, including: smaller size, quiescence, regenerating the phenotypic diversity of the cell lines in vitro, lack of contact inhibition, nonadherent growth, multi-drug resistance, and in vivo tumorigenicity. Microarray and qPCR analysis of the expression of markers reported by others to enrich for ovarian CSCs revealed that ALDH high cells of both models showed downregulation of CD24, but inconsistent expression of CD44, KIT and CD133. However, the following druggable targets were consistently expressed in the ALDH high cells from both models: mTOR signaling, her-2/neu, CD47 and FGF18/FGFR3. Conclusions Based on functional characterization, ALDH high ovarian cancer cells represent an ovarian CSC population. Differential gene expression identified druggable targets that have the potential for therapeutic efficacy against ovarian CSCs from multiple subtypes.
CENTRAL COMPOSITE STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN SLURRY BUBBLE COLUMN REACTOR

Central composite statistical design approach was employed to study the effects of pressure ( P ),superficial gas velocity ( U G) and solid concentration ( C v) on the volumetric gas liquid mass transfer coefficient ( k L a ).The k L a values were found to increase with the increase of superficial gas velocity and pressure,on the other hand,it decreased with the increase of solid concentration.In the pressure range of 0.1～1.5 MPa,the equilibrium solubility of CH 4 appears to follow Henry's Law.
Relationship between prevalence of morning blood pressure surge and components of metabolic syndrome

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of morning blood pressure surge(MBPS) and the components of metabolic syndrome(MetS).METHODS: A total of 322 patients with essential hypertension(EH) were enrolled and divided into two groups: EH and MetS group(EH+MS,n=126) and EH and non-MetS group(EH+nMS,n=196) and ambulatory blood pressure were recorded.RESULTS: Twenty four-hour SBP,dSBP,nSBPP,24 h PP,dPP,nPP and MBPS were significantly higher in EH+MS group than in EH+nMS group(P0.05 or P0.01).The incidence of morning blood pressure in EH+MS group was higher than that in EH+NMS group(P0.01).Pearson relation analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that morning blood pressure levels were positively correlated with age,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),systolic blood pressure(SBP),PP,body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC).After adjusting other risk factors,TC,age,FPG,SBP and WC remained as predisposing risk factors for MBPS levels.CONCLUSION: MetS correlates closely with morning blood pressure surge.TC,age,FPG,SBP and WC are independently associated with the prevalence of morning blood pressure surge.
Flowering Phenology Characters of Cerasus campanulata Maxim

The test of Cerasus campanulata flowering phenology had been carried out on 6 strains( FZ1,FZ5,FZ22,FZ41,FZ67,FZ159) in Fuzhou National Forest Park. It turns out that this species has 3 flower colour type trains,crimson,pink and white. They bloom before leaf or in the middle of leaf. The different strain has different flowering phenology character. The length of flower season and peak flowering endurance are both quite similar among the 5 strains of FZ1,FZ5,FZ22,FZ41 and FZ67. The length of flower season is 12 ~ 14 d,and the peak flowering endurance is 7 ~ 9 d. The FZ159 strain flowering last 20 d,with a peak flowering endurance of 15 d. All the strains share the same law that they first flower on westward twigs,then northward ones,then the southward,and then comes the eastward. On each specific orientation,the substratum twigs bloom 1 ~ 3 d early then the superstratum ones. There is no significant difference on flower quantity among the same strain Cerasus campanulata individuals,but vrey significant among the different strains trees,the FZ1 strain have the highest flow number. The research results can provide a foundation for flowering forecast,blooming control and landscaping designing.
RESEARCH ON A MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE FLATTENING INTERMESH FOR CONTINUOUS STRAIGHTENING OF THIN-WALLED TUBES

It is well known that bending of the thin-walled tubes during continuous straightening causes ovalization in the tube cross-section, so it must be flattened to restrore roundness subsequently. Therefore, analyzing the deformation process and mechanism of flattening for setting round, the normal circumferential strain component is derived based on the elastic-plastic theory and relevant hypothesis of thin-walled members, then the circumferential bending-moment is obtained, and finally the mathematical model of the flattening intermesh for setting round is proposed using the classic unloading rule. In order to certify whether it is correct, we have done some dynamic simulations by FEA, and the results have shown that the model is correct and suitable, it was also found that the twice the maximum initial radial displacement can be used as a simplified estimate for the flattening intermesh. This paper can provide the basis for optimizing straightening technical parameters and completing the theory of thin-walled tube straightening.
Suitable Line Spaces for Hybrid Indica Rice Mechanical Transplanting in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Three line spaces of 25.0 cm,30.0 cm and 33.3 cm were settled in this experiment with row spaces of 15 cm and two seeds per row using flat-plate seeding and simulating mechanical transplanting in the single-season rice area of middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze.Three types of hybrid indica rice varieties of multi-panicle type,compatible panicle-kernel type and super large panicle type were selected to compare the changes of tiller and spike formation,yield and its components.The results showed that different types of rice varieties had the different adaptability of transplanting space and the suitable line spaces were 25.0 cm of multi-panicle type,30 cm of compatible panicle-kernel type and 33.3 cm of super large panicle type respectively with mechanical transplanting.
Perception of Stroboscopic Movement: Evidence for Its Innate Basis

Newborn guppies and newly hatched praying mantids were placed inside a stationary cylinder containing a columnar pattern such as is used to elicit the optokinetic reflex. By illuminating columns in sequence, the pattern was made to appear to rotate. All of the animals tested circled in the direction of apparent movement. As with humans, movement was only perceived at intermediate rates of flashing.
Sinus Floor Cortication: Classification and Prevalence.

Purpose To present a classification and assess the presence and degree of cortication of the sinus floor utilizing Computerized Tomography (CT) scan images. Materials and Methods One hundred CT scans, of patient who required a sinus augmentation procedure (SAP), were evaluated and classified according to the Type of sinus floor cortication (SFC). Type 1: sinus floor showing similar or higher density than the surrounding cortical areas. Type 2: sinus floor showing less density than the surrounding cortical areas. Type 3: sinus floor showing no cortical bone. Type 4: sinus floor showing the fusion of sinus floor bone and native crestal bone. Results The SFC were present in 31, 41, 18, and 10 cases in Type 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Conclusions This classification based on the level of cortication of the sinus floor is clinically useful as a method of determining if the dental implant can be placed simultaneously or not with the SAP, or can be placed even without a SAP.
Off-road truck-related accidents in U.S. mines.

Abstract Introduction Off-road trucks are one of the major sources of equipment-related accidents in the U.S. mining industries. A systematic analysis of all off-road truck-related accidents, injuries, and illnesses, which are reported and published by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), is expected to provide practical insights for identifying the accident patterns and trends in the available raw database. Therefore, appropriate safety management measures can be administered and implemented based on these accident patterns/trends. Methods A hybrid clustering-classification methodology using K-means clustering and gene expression programming (GEP) is proposed for the analysis of severe and non-severe off-road truck-related injuries at U.S. mines. Using the GEP sub-model, a small subset of the 36 recorded attributes was found to be correlated to the severity level. Results Given the set of specified attributes, the clustering sub-model was able to cluster the accident records into 5 distinct groups. For instance, the first cluster contained accidents related to minerals processing mills and coal preparation plants (91%). More than two-thirds of the victims in this cluster had less than 5 years of job experience. This cluster was associated with the highest percentage of severe injuries (22 severe accidents, 3.4%). Almost 50% of all accidents in this cluster occurred at stone operations. Similarly, the other four clusters were characterized to highlight important patterns that can be used to determine areas of focus for safety initiatives. Conclusions The identified clusters of accidents may play a vital role in the prevention of severe injuries in mining. Further research into the cluster attributes and identified patterns will be necessary to determine how these factors can be mitigated to reduce the risk of severe injuries. Practical application Analyzing injury data using data mining techniques provides some insight into attributes that are associated with high accuracies for predicting injury severity.
3.14 Synthetically Derived Chiral Auxiliaries: Uses of Derivatives of Non-Carbohydrate Aldehydes and Ketones in Asymmetric Synthesis

This chapter presents the uses of noncarbohydrate aldehydes and ketones as chiral auxiliaries. These auxiliaries have principally been used as components of acetals and ketals for modification of the diol component. Some coverage of thioketals, aminals, and imines is included. Acetals and ketals derived from carbohydrates, or from enantiomerically pure diols and the like, are not covered in this chapter.
A Genomic Strategy To Refine Prognosis and Predict Response to Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Abstract Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is notable for variation in aggressiveness of disease. Many patients with low-risk disease at diagnosis can be followed expectantly, while others rapidly require therapy. While a number of factors aid in determining prognosis, they have no role in predicting response to chemotherapy. We collected clinical data from a cohort of 220 patients with CLL followed at Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Centers. We assessed factors such as stage, leukocyte doubling time, IgVH mutational status, CD38 and ZAP-70 expression, cytogenetics, and time to treatment. We isolated RNA from purified CD5+, CD19+ leukemia cell samples from low and intermediate risk CLL patients, assessed the RNA expression with Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChips, and analyzed differential gene expression using previously developed methods of Bayesian binary regression. In a group of seventy-nine CLL patients who either eventually required (n = 45) or did not (n = 34) require therapy, CD38 status, ZAP70 expression, and cytogenetics were not statistically different (p > 0.5) while IgVH mutational status and leukocyte doubling time were different (p
Sex, Knowledge, and Receptions of the Past

The question of how knowledge about sex has been constructed in various places and times is an enduring topic of interest among historians of sexuality. Scholars have thus far dedicated considerabl...
The Somatosensory Thalamus and Associated Pathways

This chapter focuses on the early stages of the large part of the somatosensory system that is concerned with tactile sensations and perception. To a great extent, these abilities depend on afferent pathways from low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the skin for information about skin contact and vibration, and receptors in muscles and joints (and probably skin) for information about the relative positions of body parts. Branches of these afferent pathways reach nuclei in the dorsal column–trigeminal complex in the cervical spinal cord and lower brainstem to relay to the contralateral ventroposterior complex in the thalamus. Neurons activated by receptors in the mouth and on parts of the face project to the ipsilateral as well as the contralateral thalamus. The ventroposterior complex of primates includes a ventroposterior proper nucleus, composed of ventroposterior medial division and ventroposterior lateral division. Ventroposterior nucleus (VP) of monkeys is activated by slowly adapting and rapidly adapting classes of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. This information is relayed to areas 3b and 1, and, to a limited extent, area 2 of the anterior parietal cortex. Area 3b corresponds to S1 of nonprimates such as rats and cats, where both S1 and S2 receive inputs from VP. Ventroposterior superior nucleus (VPS), which has only been identified as such in primates, receives inputs relayed from muscle spindle and probably joint receptors, and projects to areas 3a and 2 of the anterior parietal cortex. A group of cells along the dorsorostral margin of VP responds to muscle spindle receptor stimulation in other mammals such as cats and rats, with this group of cells variously recognized as a distinct nucleus or a part of the VP. These neurons project to a strip of the cortex along the rostral border of S1 variously described as area 3a or the dysgranular cortex. Ventroposterior inferior nucleus (VPI) of primates receives inputs from the spinothalamic subsystem that includes a relay of wide dynamic range afferent information, and this information is relayed most densely to second somatosensory (S2) and parietal ventral area (PV). VPI also projects less densely to superficial cortical layers in other somatosensory areas (3a, 3b, 1, and 2). VPI is seldom recognized in nonprimate mammals, as it is often poorly developed, but VPI has been identified in cats and raccoons, where it also projects densely to S2. A VPI is apparent in squirrels, where a projection to PV has been described, but VPI is at best a thin layer of cells on the ventral surface of VP in rats. VPI projections appear to provide a modulating influence on the responses of cortical neurons that are activated by the thalamic relay of information from cutaneous and deep receptors in VP and VPS. Information from cutaneous receptors about skin indentations and from deep receptors about position sense is combined in higher-order somatosensory areas to allow objects to be identified by shape and texture during active touch.
Additive Manufacturing of Cellulosic Materials with Robust Mechanics and Antimicrobial Functionality

Additive manufacturing of pure cellulosic objects is demonstrated via extrusion of cellulose acetate and conversion to cellulose, rendering parts with isotropic strength and high toughness. Ease of functionalization is shown by addition of antimicrobial dye to the printing ink, which kills 95% of bacteria upon exposure to light.
Biodegradable and bioreducible poly(beta‐amino ester) nanoparticles for intracellular delivery to treat brain cancer

There is an urgent need for new treatment modalities to treat aggressive brain cancers such as glioblastoma. Recent advances in genetic nanomedicine hold great promise for innovative treatment strategies. In particular, polymeric nanoparticle-mediated delivery of DNA and short interfering RNA (siRNA) has the potential of safe and specific delivery to cancer cells that can achieve therapeutic effects through novel mechanisms of action. In this Perspective, we describe challenges for nucleic acid delivery to the brain as well as polymer and nanoparticle design strategies that can be used to overcome them. We highlight our development of poly(beta-amino ester)s (PBAEs), including biodegradable polymers that self-assemble with DNA into nanoparticles and bioreducible polymers that self-assemble with siRNA, for cancer therapy. The insights discovered by investigating PBAEs can enable researchers to further enhance nucleic acid delivery for a personalized precision medicine approach to treat brain cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
An Investigation of the e‐rater® Automated Scoring Engine's Grammar, Usage, Mechanics, and Style Microfeatures and Their Aggregation Model

Automated essay scoring (AES) generally computes essay scores as a function of macrofeatures derived from a set of microfeatures extracted from the text using natural language processing (NLP). In the e-rater® automated scoring engine, developed at Educational Testing Service (ETS) for the automated scoring of essays, each of four macrofeatures (grammar, usage, mechanics, and style [GUMS]) is computed from a set of microfeatures. Statistical analyses reveal that some of these microfeatures might not explain much of the variance in human scores regardless of the writing tasks. Currently, the microfeatures in the same macrofeature group are equally weighted to produce the macrofeature score. We propose an alternative weighting scheme that gives higher weights to the microfeatures that are more predictive of human scores in each macrofeature group. Our results suggest that even though there is negligible difference between the proposed and the current equal weighting schemes and the current model in terms of the prediction of human scores and the correlation with external measures, our scheme improves the consistency of the resultant macrofeature scores across writing tasks to a considerable extent.
The mediating role of state maladaptive emotion regulation in the relation between social anxiety symptoms and self-evaluation bias.

Although social anxiety symptoms are robustly linked to biased self-evaluations across time, the mechanisms of this relation remain unclear. The present study tested three maladaptive emotion regul...
Microdomains in Hydrophobic Polyacids

The alternating copolymers of maleic acid and n-alkyl vinyl ethers constitute a versatile group of polyacids which are ideally suited for studying the opposing effects of hydrophobic and ionic interactions in macromolecular behavior. The members with intermediate alkyl group size (n = 4–8) have been of special interest because they undergo conformational transitions from compact to random coil structures upon neutralization by base. The compact conformation is stabilized by the hydrophobic forces between the alkyl groups which form micelle—like microdomains inside the macromolecules. A number of selected studies which have been carried out in our laboratory to characterize the hydrophobic microdomains and the conformational transitions are reviewed here. These studies include fluorescence spectroscopy of dansylated copolymers, viscosity and phase separation investigations, and potentiometric titrations. Two recently developed methods for extracting novel information from the latter are included. One involves the resolution of appropriately chosen subunits into species differing in their states of deprotonation, which for the butyl copolymer leads to bimodal population distributions in the pH range where this copolymer undergoes its conformational transition. The other involves the determination of the micelle size for the case where the polyacid is large compared to the micelle and, therefore, may contain many micelles.
Electron ptychography of 2D materials to deep sub-ångström resolution

Aberration-corrected optics have made electron microscopy at atomic resolution a widespread and often essential tool for characterizing nanoscale structures. Image resolution has traditionally been improved by increasing the numerical aperture of the lens (α) and the beam energy, with the state-of-the-art at 300 kiloelectronvolts just entering the deep sub-angstrom (that is, less than 0.5 angstrom) regime. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are imaged at lower beam energies to avoid displacement damage from large momenta transfers, limiting spatial resolution to about 1 angstrom. Here, by combining an electron microscope pixel-array detector with the dynamic range necessary to record the complete distribution of transmitted electrons and full-field ptychography to recover phase information from the full phase space, we increase the spatial resolution well beyond the traditional numerical-aperture-limited resolution. At a beam energy of 80 kiloelectronvolts, our ptychographic reconstruction improves the image contrast of single-atom defects in MoS2 substantially, reaching an information limit close to 5α, which corresponds to an Abbe diffraction-limited resolution of 0.39 angstrom, at the electron dose and imaging conditions for which conventional imaging methods reach only 0.98 angstrom.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Transforming Growth Factor-β Regulate the Differentiation of Purified Ovarian Theca-Interstitial Cells in Serum-Free Medium

The ovarian theca-interstitial cells (TIC) are the source of androgens which are essential for follicle estrogen synthesis (1). Regulation of TIC androgen synthesis is critical for normal follicle development and ovulation. Although luteinizing hormone (LH) is the principal regulator of TIC androgen production (1), recent evidence suggests that intraovarian factors may modulate LH action by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Two such factors are insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) secreted by granulosa cells (2) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) produced by TIC (3). Although it has been shown that IGF-I increases LH-stimulated TIC androgen synthesis (4,5), the effects of TGF-β on TIC are unknown. The purpose of these studies was to test the effect of TGF-β on LH and IGF-I stimulated TIC androgen synthesis.
The Spanish Export Led Recovery

I researched the export-led recovery currently taking place in Spain. My thesis revolved around Mariano Rajoy and the Popular Party coming into power in 2011 and instituting reforms in three distinct categories; financial market reforms, fiscal measures, and labor market reforms. These reforms have had a significant impact in restoring credibility in Spain's capital markets and decreasing unit labor costs. In turn, Spain has shown impressive export growth in the past two years, especially compared to its neighbors Italy and France.
A Powerful o-Quinone Dimethide Strategy for Intermolecular Diels−Alder Cycloadditions

Conrotatory thermal fragmentation of trans-1,2-disilyloxybenzocyclobutenes generates o-quinone dimethides at remarkably low temperatures. Smooth stereoselective Diels−Alder cycloaddition with a range of dienophiles provides hydronaphthalene derivatives in excellent yield. Direct oxidative desilylation of the adducts affords the corresponding naphthoquinones. Substitution of the benzene nucleus with an electron-releasing methoxyl group directs the cycloaddition to give good control of regioselectivity in the expected direction. A short synthesis of the aglycon of the anticancer antibiotic idarubicin is presented.
Abstract 724: Neonatal Heart Regeneration Preserves Native Ventricular Biomechanical Properties After Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Neonatal mice exhibit natural heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) until postnatal day 7 (P7). Whether this regenerated muscle is similar biomechanically to native myoc...
Profile of Fluid Exposure and Recognition of Fluid Overload in Critically Ill Children.

Objectives Fluid overload is common in the PICU and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear whether fluid overload is a surrogate marker for severity of illness and need for increased support, an iatrogenic modifiable risk factor, or a sign of oliguria. The proportions of various fluid intake contributing to fluid overload and its recognition have not been adequately examined. We aimed to: 1) describe the types and amounts of fluid exposure in the PICU and 2) identify the clinicians' recognition of fluid overload. Setting Noncardiac PICU in a quaternary care hospital. Patients Pediatric patients admitted for more than 24 hours. Design Prospective observational study over 28 days. Interventions Data were collected on the amount and type of fluid exposure-resuscitative boluses, blood products, enteral intake, parenteral nutrition (total parenteral nutrition), or modifiable fluids (IV fluids and medications) indexed to the patients' admission body surface area on days 1 and 3. Charts of patients admitted for 3 days who developed 15% fluid overload were reviewed to assess clinicians' recognition of fluid overload. Measurements and main results One hundred two patients were included. Day 1 median fluid exposure was 2,318 mL/m (1,831-3,037 mL/m; 1,646 mL/m [1,296-2,086 mL/m] modifiable fluids). Forty-seven patients (46%) received fluid boluses, and 16 (16%) received blood products. Day 3 median fluid exposure was 2,233 mL/m (1,904-2,556 mL/m; 750 mL/m [375-1,816 mL/m] modifiable fluids). Of the 54 patients, one patient (1.9%) received a fluid bolus and two (3.7%) received blood products. In our cohort, 47 of 54 (87%) had fluid exposure greater than 1,600 mL/m on day 3. Fluid overload was not recognized by the clinicians in 30% of the patients who developed more than 15% fluid overload. Conclusions Although resuscitation fluids contributed more to fluid exposure on day 1 compared with day 3, fluid exposure frequently exceeded maintenance requirements on day 3. Fluid overload was not always recognized by PICU practitioners. Further studies to correlate modifiable fluid exposure to fluid overload and explore modifiable practice improvement opportunities are needed.
NMR Quantification of Halogen-Bonding Ability To Evaluate Catalyst Activity.

Quantification of halogen-bonding abilities is described for a series of benzimidazolium-, imidazolium- and bis(imidazolium) halogen-bond donors (XBDs) using 31P NMR spectroscopy. The measured Δδ(31P) values correlate with calculated activation free energy ΔG‡ and catalytic activity for a Friedel-Crafts indole addition. This rapid method also serves as a sensitive indicator for Bronsted acid impurities.
A new framework of complex system reliability with imperfect maintenance policy

The interactions and dependencies between software and hardware are often neglected in modeling system reliability in the past few decades due to the mathematical complexity. However, many system failures occurred from the interactions or simultaneous occurrences of software and hardware. This paper first proposes a new diagram of categorizing system-level failures and further incorporates such a diagram into the development of complex system reliability framework. System-level failures result from software subsystem, hardware subsystem, and the interactions of software and hardware subsystems. The focus of this study is on the investigation of the interactions failures generated from the interactions of software and hardware subsystems. In addition to the considerations of total hardware failures, software-induced hardware failures, and hardware-induced software failures introduced by Zhu and Pham (Mathematics 7(11):1049, 2019), we further introduce the partial hardware failures that can be respectively induced by hardware and software to explicitly demonstrate the dependencies and interactions between software and hardware. Hence, a new complex system reliability framework is developed based on such system-level failure categorization with the Markov process. Furthermore, the numerical examples are studied to illustrate the impacts on system reliability with the changes of state transition parameters that modeling the interactions of software and hardware subsystems. Finally, we have studied two maintenance policies of the proposed complex system reliability model.
Totally robotic intracorporeal Monti-Yang continent ileovesicostomy in patient with previous robotic surgery-Technique description.

Summary We present a video case report of a pediatric patient with previous robotic abdominal surgery who underwent robotic assisted Monti-Yang continent ileovesicostomy. This 10-year-old female had a history of spina bifida, with previous myelomeningocele repair and ventriculoperitoneal shunt as an infant and robotic-assisted Malone procedure and artificial urethral sphincter placed 4 years ago. After undergoing bilateral hip surgery, she presented with difficult urethral catheterization due to reduced leg mobility. A Monti-Yang ileovesicostomy procedure was planned. A 5 mm laparoscopic port placed through the umbilicus followed by four additional DaVinci XI working ports. Twenty centimeters proximal the ileocecal valve, a 3 cm segment of ileum was dissected, then transected, detubularized, and retubularized around a 10 Fr catheter. This conduit was reimplanted to the anterior bladder wall. The other edge was fixed to the umbilicus. A 10 Fr Foley catheter was left clamped in the conduit, and a urethral Foley was left to gravity. Total operative time was 3 h 56 min. The patient did well post-operatively. She was discharged home on POD 6. Starting three weeks after surgery, the patient began catheterizing through the umbilical stoma. At 3 month follow-up, the patient catheterizes through her stoma every 3 h without leakage between catheterizations.
Extranodal Head and Neck Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Characteristics, Treatment, and Survival.

Objectives:To describe disease characteristics and treatment and to analyze survival and mortality for extranodal mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the head and neck.Methods:Patients with extranodal MC...
Ultrastructure of Labyrinthula

Electron microscopic observations of the vegetative colony ofLabyrinthula clearly show that the “slimeways”, along which the cells glide, are extracellular and completely surround the cells. Membranes of this extracellular matrix have a trilaminar, unit membrane structure that is characteristic of the plasma membrane. The Golgi complex of the cells probably consists of two large dictyosomes. A membrane-limited bundle of parallel filaments of unknown function is usually adjacent to one dictyosome. Specialized invaginations of the plasma membrane, called bothrosomes, may be sites of membrane assembly and secretion of the “slimeway” matrix, the prerequisite substratum for the gliding cell movement.
Neural Dependency Coding inspired Multimodal Fusion.

Information integration from different modalities is an active area of research. Human beings and, in general, biological neural systems are quite adept at using a multitude of signals from different sensory perceptive fields to interact with the environment and each other. Recent work in deep fusion models via neural networks has led to substantial improvements over unimodal approaches in areas like speech recognition, emotion recognition and analysis, captioning and image description. However, such research has mostly focused on architectural changes allowing for fusion of different modalities while keeping the model complexity manageable. Inspired by recent neuroscience ideas about multisensory integration and processing, we investigate the effect of synergy maximizing loss functions. Experiments on multimodal sentiment analysis tasks: CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI with different models show that our approach provides a consistent performance boost.
Increasing Student Access: Pivots and Lessons Learned during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent teaching adaptions highlighted issues of equitable student access. Resulting pivots in response to the pandemic, however, offer opportunities to adapt pandemic ...
Comparison of Features and Outcomes of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone and Soft Tissue

ABSTRACT Background This investigation compared outcomes of patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of soft tissue (UPS-S) to UPS of bone (UPS-B). Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was reviewed from 1975-2016. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier, and a multivariable Cox regression model identified factors prognostic of DSS. The UPS-S cohort consisted of 4529 patients and the UPS-B cohort consisted of 200 patients. The smaller UPS-B cohort was bootstrapped to create a size-matched cohort of 4500 patients. Results The median age of patients with UPS-S was 67 (54;78) y compared to 55 (40;69) y for UPS-B patients (P 8 cm (HR, 3.101; 95% CI, 1.09-8.75; P = 0.033) was the only prognostic factor identified. Conclusions The current study found a strong association between surgery and survival for UPS-B patients on a univariable analysis, but no treatment type was associated with survival in a multivariable model. Further research is needed to reliably inform the optimal treatment of these patients.
Implementation of a Sargassum Seaweed Tracker for the Caribbean

Sargassum seaweed floats, clumps together and can stretch over large areas of the Caribbean. These clumps of seaweed can make landfall and lead to large mats of material piling up very quickly over long stretches of beach. Once on land, the seaweed decays and exudes a distinct rotting smell which can be detrimental to tourism and quality of life in the area. The observed mass of Sargassum seaweed has grown noticeably since 2011 and doesn’t seem to be slowing down. The Sargassum has many oxygen-filled pneumatocysts, so it floats on the ocean surface over large areas. Given this information, we assume the Sargassum’s dynamics will be closely related to that of the surface currents themselves. Surface current data from High Frequency Radar (HFR) measurements along the south coast of Puerto Rico were used to produce animations of surface drift which revealed the general flow in the region. The surface current measurements were compared against the US Navy’s AMSEAS model to assess the model’s ability to estimate the flow in the region. Within this research program it was assumed that the velocity of the Sargassum should be similar to the surface currents. The HFR and model animations were examined over hourly, daily, and monthly time intervals. The ocean model captures the direction of transport well but appears to consistently predict faster currents than those measured by the HFR. The model estimates and the HFR measurements agree much of the time, however, there are some time periods where the model would not help with the tracking of the floating particles. This research revealed that the movement of the surface particles are typically westward, close to the southern shore of Puerto Rico during most of the time periods covered in our study. Sometimes a rapid change in this behavior was observed, where surface particles moved directly towards the southern shore of Puerto Rico, or toward the east. This information could possibly be made available for ecological and economic use by stakeholders and businesses on coastal tourism locations, as well as search-and-rescue use by Coast Guard or similar institutions.
Exploring the influence of patient-provider communication on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients

Abstract Objective We examined whether six patient-provider communication behaviors directly affected the intraocular pressure (IOP) of glaucoma patients or whether patient medication adherence and eye drop technique mediated the relationship between self-efficacy, communication, and IOP. Methods During an 8-month, longitudinal study of 279 glaucoma patients and 15 providers, two office visits were videotape-recorded, transcribed, and coded for six patient-provider communication behaviors. Medication adherence was measured electronically and IOP was extracted from medical records. We ran generalized estimating equations to examine the direct effects of communication on IOP and used bootstrapping to test whether medication adherence and eye drop technique mediated the effect of communication on IOP. Results Provider education about medication adherence ( B =−0.50, p B =−0.35, p Conclusion The positive effects of provider education and provider inclusion of patient input in the treatment plan were not mediated by adherence and eye drop technique. Practice Implications Providers should educate glaucoma patients about the importance of medication adherence and include patient input into their treatment plan.
Kit: Steel factor receptor (vertebrates) (c-kit)

The chapter focuses on the c-Kit PTK, which is the receptor of kit-ligand (KL), also called steel factor (SLF), stem cell factor (SCF), or mast cell growth factor (MCGF). The c-Kit receptor kinase functions to promote cell proliferation and survival of precursor cells as well as cell adhesion/migration and other functions in differentiated cells. Revealed through phenotypes of c-KIT/W germline mutations, the c-Kit receptor kinase principally functions in three cell systems during embryogenesis and in the postnatal animal: the pigmentary system, germ cells, and hematopoiesis. The c-Kit receptor is a member of the PDGF receptor subfamily, with an insert in the kinase domain. Potential sites for tyrosine autophosphorylation are contained in the juxtamembrane region, the kinase insert, the C-terminal kinase subdomain (major phosphorylation site Y821), and the C-terminal domain. Tyrosine phosphates in the juxtamembrane, the kinase insert, and the C-terminal domains may provide docking sites for downstream SH2-containing proteins.
Random effects model for bias estimation: higher-order asymptotic inference

A common issue in physical, chemical and biometrical applications is to validate a laboratory's method. For that purpose, a lab performs measurements on a certified reference material with a given coverage interval. These reference materials are a major tool for assuring quality and reliability of results obtained by a lab in analysis and testing. Assuming that the measurand is random with a normal distribution whose parameters are obtained from the reference material certificate, new remarkably accurate confidence intervals for the bias are derived. These procedures are based on modern higher-order asymptotic statistical methods. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Personal Resourcefulness: Positive Aspects of Functioning in High-Risk Research

This paper discusses theoretical and measurement issues involved in attaining a differentiated picture of the distribution of outcomes in subjects selected for their elevated risk for psychosis; these outcomes include positive adaptations as well as subtle expressions of psychopathology. Many at-risk subjects either do not break down or actually "prosper" in the face of risk factors, a problem that persists even when risk groups are defined with increasing selectivity. Although this phenomenon is often referred to as the problem of "false positives" in risk research, its implications are more far-reaching than simply defining a problem of low yield in prospective studies.
The thermodynamic equation of state for insoluble monolayers

Abstract The thermodynamic equation of state for mixed insoluble monolayers has been integrated to evaluate the free energy of mixing in terms of the activity coefficients of the subphase (water) in the surface layer. The resulting expressions will permit prediction of free energies of mixing when molecular models which include interactions between surfactants and subphase are developed. Their implications for selecting limits of integration in the experimental determination of free energies of mixing from experimental Π— A data are also noted.
RS CVn Stars: Chromospheric Phenomena

The observational information regarding chromospheric emission features in surface-active RS CVn stars is reviewed. Three optical features are considered in detail: CaII H and K, Balmer H-alpha and HeI λ 10830. While the qualitative behavior of these lines is in accord with solar-analogy/rotation-activity ideas, the quantitative variation and scaling is very poorly understood. In many cases, the spectroscopic observations with sufficient S/N and resolution to decide these questions have simply not yet been made. The FK Com stars, in particular, present us with extreme examples of rotation that may well press our understanding of surface activity to its limits.
The Modern Middle East: A History

(2005). The Modern Middle East: A History. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 117-117.
Spatial and population genetic structure of microsatellites in white pine

We evaluated the population genetic structure of seven microsatellite loci for old growth and second growth populations of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). From each population, located within Hartwick Pines State Park, Grayling, Michigan, USA, 120-122 contiguous trees were sampled for genetic analysis. Within each population, genetic diversity was high and inbreeding low. When comparing these populations, there is a significant, but small (less than 1%), genetic divergence between populations. Spatial distance between populations or timber harvest at the second growth site were reasonable explanations for the observed minor differences in allele frequencies between populations. Spatial autocorrelation analysis suggested that, for the old growth population, weak positive structuring at 15 m fits the isolation by distance model for a neighbourhood size of about 100 individuals. In comparison, genotypes were randomly distributed in the second growth population. Thus, logging may have decreased spatial structuring at the second growth site, suggesting that management practices may be used to alter natural spatial patterns. In addition, the amount of autocorrelation in the old growth population appears to be lower for some of the microsatellites, suggesting higher numbers of rare alleles and that higher mutation rates may have directly affected spatial statistics by reducing structure.