cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An online tool for obesity intervention and public health.

Though the United States of America (U.S.A.) obesity rate shows signs of leveling off, rates remain high. Poor nutrition contributes to the development of obesity, and physical inactivity is an important cause of numerous diseases and directly linked to obesity. Efforts to improve diet, increase physical activity and pursue other behavioral changes seem imperative. However, the effective management of intervention strategies for large number of participants are challenging because services in primary, secondary, and tertiary cares are often under-resourced, relatively uncoordinated with other parts of the health system. It is thus necessary to have accompanying intervention strategies that can be carried out at population level. In this paper, we describe an online intervention tool designed for the Obesity Prevention Tailored for Health II project to help achieve such goals.
Riot, Remembrance, and Rebuilding: Some Longer-Term Aftereffects of Sa-I-Gu

April 29th, 1992 started in Hyde Park, Illinois as a sunny, bitingly cold Wednesday. In the middle of spring quarter of my first year of doctoral studies, the day raced by with buzzing thoughts on my Aristotle and rational choice Marxism seminars. Then, as I sat down to dinner and turned on the television to follow the previous day's events in the former Yugoslavia, news of the Rodney King verdict broke. For the next six days, I sat transfixed in my studio apartment watching the City of Angels erupt into a hellfire of political rebellion, deadly hostilities, and a trail of tragedy and tears.
Encrypted Three-dimensional Dynamic Imaging using Snapshot Time-of-flight Compressed Ultrafast Photography

Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP), a computational imaging technique, is synchronized with short-pulsed laser illumination to enable dynamic three-dimensional (3D) imaging. By leveraging the time-of-flight (ToF) information of pulsed light backscattered by the object, ToF-CUP can reconstruct a volumetric image from a single camera snapshot. In addition, the approach unites the encryption of depth data with the compressed acquisition of 3D data in a single snapshot measurement, thereby allowing efficient and secure data storage and transmission. We demonstrated high-speed 3D videography of moving objects at up to 75 volumes per second. The ToF-CUP camera was applied to track the 3D position of a live comet goldfish. We have also imaged a moving object obscured by a scattering medium.
Engineering analysis of penile hemodynamic and structural- dynamic relationships: Part I—Clinical implications of penile tissue mechanical properties

Engineering analysis of penile hemodynamic and structural-dynamic relationships: Part I—Clinical implications of penile tissue mechanical properties
Intraspinal Pathology Associated With Pediatric Scoliosis: A Ten-year Review Analyzing the Effect of Neurosurgery on Scoliosis Curve Progression.

STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study of patients with Chiari I (CM I) and Chiari II (CM II) malformations, tethered cord syndrome, and syringomyelia examining the effect of neurosurgery on scoliosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting spinal deformity progression in patients with diseases of the neural axis following neurosurgical management. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There have been attempts to explain which factors influence the spinal deformity in diseases of the neural axis with varying results. Debate still exists as to the effectiveness of neurosurgery in curve stabilization. METHODS The medical records for patients treated over the past 10 years were reviewed. The spinal deformity surgical group consisted of patients who received surgery or progressed to surgical range (50°) and the nonsurgical group those who did not undergo fusion. RESULTS Fifteen patients (eight females and seven males) with scoliosis who underwent neurosurgical intervention were identified. Ten had tethered cord, six CM II, four CM I, and 11 syrinx. Average age at the time of neurosurgery was 7 ± 4 years (range 0.7-14 yrs). Following neurosurgery, no patients experienced improvement in their curves (defined as >10° decrease in Cobb angle), eight patients experienced stabilization ( 10° increase). The group that went on to spinal deformity surgery possessed larger curves before neurosurgery (mean 42°, range 20°-63°) than the nonsurgical group (19°, range 15°-26°; P = 0.004). CM II patients had the greatest magnitude of curve progression, mean of 49°, compared with patients with CM I (6°) or tether cord without CM I or II (11°, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Neurosurgical intervention may prevent curve progression in patients with scoliosis and Cobb angles < 30° if they do not have a complex CM II malformation. Patients with CM II are at a higher risk of curve progression and undergoing spinal fusion than patients with CM I, tethered cord syndrome, or syringomyelia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Long-term care facilities as sources of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogens

Long-term care facilities house individuals that have usually been transferred from acute-care institutions. For this reason, carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resistant Gram-negative bacilli and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is relatively frequent. As these patients are readmitted to acute-care institutions, they reintroduce these organisms into those settings. It is notable that studies of these resistant organisms in long-term care facilities demonstrate little transfer between patients. Transmission of these bacteria and the development of infection in nursing homes are both uncommon events. Resources are best devoted to infection-control basics than to isolation of patients colonized or infected with these organisms.
Thirty day hospital readmission and re-intervention in dialysis access interventional procedures: are they preventable?

complaints were satisfactorily resolved (85.9%). Conclusion: Safety issues (pain/sedation, identification, and postprocedural education) were the most common reasons for complaint, followed by delays, uncoordinated care and concern with physician competence. Most complaints were successfully resolved with clarification, apology and manager notification. This analysis suggests that improved peri-procedural care coordination and patient education are important factors to address when dealing with patient dissatisfaction in IR.
Equilibrium Relationship between Expected Return and Skewness

Traditional finance theories assume that investors are risk averse whereas in reality investors exhibit both risk averse and risk seeking behaviors. For example the same individual could be purchasing insurance (risk averse) and lottery ticket (risk seeking) simultaneously. We propose that the utility function of an economic agent is concave (risk averse) for wealth below his/her current wealth and is convex (risk seeking) for wealth above his/her current wealth. This type of utility function allows the agent to display simultaneous risk averse and risk seeking behavior. We show that for an agent with such a utility function, the mean-skewness space is relevant in understanding his/her behavior. More specifically, we prove that in equilibrium, the efficient frontier in the mean-skewness space is concave and downward sloping. We test our equilibrium relationship empirically with stocks listed on the NYSE from 2002 to 2007 and find that our results support our theory.
Embedded versus unilateral perspectives on Iraq war

A survey of 159 embedded and unilateral journalists who covered the Iraq War revealed differences between perceptions of coverage by embeds and that of unilaterals.
Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery occurred between 2004 and 2011 in Xihu District of Nanchang City

OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic characteristics of outbreaks of bacillary dysentery occurred in Xihu District of Nanchang City from 2004 to 2011 were analyzed to shed light on the epidemiologic patterns and to provide a scientific reference for the development of effective preventive and control measures.METHODS Data on outbreaks of bacterial dysentery reported in Xihu District of Nanchang City between 2004 and 2011 were collected and analyzed.RESULTS A total of 2 541 cases of bacterial dysentery were reported in Xihu District during 2004-2011,with an average annual incidence rate of 58.215 per 100 000 and a mortality rate of 1.22%.In terms of the time distribution,the epidemic seasons were between May and October and the peak seasons were August and September,with the overall trend declining each year(χ2= 197.125,P﹤ 0.05).In terms of the population distribution,the peak ages of infection were 0-3 and 10-60 years old,and the number of incidence were higher in patients who were children,students,home-based service providers,and those who were between jobs.No difference was observed in the number of incidence between men and women.Crowded areas,such as the Shengjin Tower or other similar sub-districts,showed higher incidence rates.CONCLUSION While the incidence rate of bacillary dysentery in Xihu District has been declining each year,it should be noted that children,students,and young adults are among the high-risk populations of bacillary dysentery,and summer and autumn are the peak seasons of infection.Enhancing the promotion of knowledge on the prevention of bacillary dysentery in communities and schools is advised.
Points for Atlention For Construction Supervision on Plastic Water-Supply Pipe

This article introduces the selection and inspection of plastic water-supply pipe.It also dessribes the points for attention for construction supervision.
Bioinformatics Detection of Alternative Splicing

In recent years, genome-wide detection of alternative splicing based on Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequence alignments with mRNA and genomic sequences has dramatically expanded our understanding of the role of alternative splicing in functional regulation. This chapter reviews the data, methodology, and technical challenges of these genome-wide analyses of alternative splicing, and briefly surveys some of the uses to which such alternative splicing databases have been put. For example, with proper alternative splicing database schema design, it is possible to query genome-wide for alternative splicing patterns that are specific to particular tissues, disease states (e.g., cancer), gender, or developmental stages. EST alignments can be used to estimate exon inclusion or exclusion level of alternatively spliced exons and evolutionary changes for various species can be inferred from exon inclusion level. Such databases can also help automate design of probes for RT-PCR and microarrays, enabling high throughput experimental measurement of alternative splicing.
EUV Lithography: From the Very Beginning to the Eve of Manufacturing

Thirty years have passed since the very first results of EUV imaging were made public by Kinoshita and co-workers of NTT Japan. Why does it take this long for EUV lithography to develop from infancy to near maturity? First, the advent and adoption of several key resolution-enhancing techniques along the way, combined with continual improvements in exposure tools, masks, and materials, greatly extended the life of optical lithography and made the need for EUVL less urgent, until now. Second, technological barriers that must be surmounted in order to put EUVL in manufacturing have indeed been high. In this presentation, I will review the early history of EUVL, point out how its life was extended beyond the initial phase of promising results, and present some most recent progress on the performance of its exposure tools, technology infrastructure, and patterning capability, and hopefully convince the audience that the technology is crossing the threshold to become a mainstream patterning technology for sub-10-nm generations of integrated circuits.
Online Algorithms for Dynamic Optimization of Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks

To enable in situ autonomous embedded wireless sensor network (EWSN) dynamic optimizations, this chapter proposes an online EWSN optimization methodology that extends static design time parameter tuning. It first presents a review of related work and then provides an overview of dynamic optimization methodology. The chapter also presents online lightweight optimization algorithms/heuristics for the dynamic optimization methodology. The dynamic optimization module determines the sensor node's operating state (tunable parameter value settings) using an online optimization algorithm, such as greedy and a simulated annealing algorithms. The dynamic profiler module records profiling statistics (e.g., wireless channel condition, number of dropped packets, packet size, radio transmission power), and the profiling statistics processing module performs any necessary data processing. The chapter gives experimental results for online optimization algorithms. These results evaluate the greedy and SA algorithms in terms of solution quality and the percentage of state space explored.
The Liberty of Edward Coke

Sir Edward Coke1 and the common lawyers provoked a strong response from Hobbes, who doubted their doctrine of rights against the sovereign king. Coke derived his arguments from the “Magnae Chartae libertatum Angliae” or “Great Charters of Liberties of England,2 which listed England’ s “fundamental laws.”3 Coke’ s Institutes asserted that any statute “contrary to the Great Charter … shall be holden for none”4 or “void.”5 He called both courts and charters “libertates,” because they protect and administer the laws of the realm, which make men free (“quae liberos faciunt”).6
Uniform and Non-uniform Perturbations in Brain-Machine Interface Task Elicit Similar Neural Strategies.

The neural mechanisms that take place during learning and adaptation can be directly probed with brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). We developed a BMI controlled paradigm that enabled us to enforce learning by introducing perturbations which changed the relationship between neural activity and the BMI's output. We introduced a uniform perturbation to the system, through a visuomotor rotation (VMR), and a non-uniform perturbation, through a decorrelation task. The controller in the VMR was essentially unchanged, but produced an output rotated at 30\textdegree{} from the neurally specified output. The controller in the decorrelation trials decoupled the activity of neurons that were highly correlated in the BMI task by selectively forcing the preferred directions of these cell pairs to be orthogonal. We report that movement errors were larger in the decorrelation task, and subjects needed more trials to restore performance back to baseline. During learning, we measured decreasing trends in preferred direction changes and cross-correlation coefficients regardless of task type. Conversely, final adaptations in neural tunings were dependent on the type controller used (VMR or decorrelation). These results hint to the similar process the neural population might engage while adapting to new tasks, and how, through a global process, the neural system can arrive to individual solutions.
Electric Field–Based Control and Enhancement of Boiling and Condensation

ABSTRACTThis article reviews and analyzes recent advancements on boiling and condensation heat transfer enhancement via the use of electric fields. Historically, the majority of studies on phase change heat transfer enhancement have relied on passive approaches like surface engineering. Electric fields provide distinct options to enhance and control the nano/micro/mesoscale thermofluidic phenomena associated with boiling and condensation. This work focuses on the influence of electric fields on electrically conducting liquids like water and certain organic solvents. After a brief review of past work on electric field–based heat transfer enhancement using electrically insulating liquids, we summarize and discuss recent studies involving electrically conducting liquids. It is seen that electric fields can offer disruptive advancements and benefits in the control and enhancement of boiling and condensation. Perspectives, future research directions, and applications of these novel concepts are also discussed.
Robust optimization evaluation of reliance on locally produced foods

While local food production may be beneficial in terms of developing the local economy and reducing greenhouse gases from transportation, sustainability strategies focused on local food production may generate their own risks due to yield variability. We have developed a robust optimization (RO) model to determine the minimum amount of land (cropland and pasture) required to grow food items that would satisfy a local population’s (accounting for gender and age) calorie and nutrient needs. This model has been applied to Boone County, Missouri, which has a population of approximately 170,000. Boone County is 1790 km2, with 16% of the land defined as cropland and 30% defined as pasture. The model includes 27 nutrients from 17 potential foods that could be produced: six fruits and vegetables, five grains and six animal-sourced foods. Yield estimates are based on the predominate methods of agriculture in the USA. We first run our model assuming no variability, using the midpoint yield estimates. Then, to quantify uncertainty in yield for different food types, we use historical yield data over 10 years to estimate this variability and run our RO model under these variability estimates. We compare the two model results to illustrate the impact of data uncertainty on meeting sustainable local food for communities. Solutions suggest that nutrition needs can be met for the Boone County population within the land area defined.
Poverty-Related Adversity and Emotion Regulation Predict Internalizing Behavior Problems among Low-Income Children Ages 8–11

The current study examines the additive and joint roles of chronic poverty-related adversity and three candidate neurocognitive processes of emotion regulation (ER)-including: (i) attention bias to threat (ABT); (ii) accuracy of facial emotion appraisal (FEA); and (iii) negative affect (NA)-for low-income, ethnic minority children's internalizing problems (N = 338). Children were enrolled in the current study from publicly funded preschools, with poverty-related adversity assessed at multiple time points from early to middle childhood. Field-based administration of neurocognitively-informed assessments of ABT, FEA and NA as well as parental report of internalizing symptoms were collected when children were ages 8-11, 6 years after baseline. Results suggest that chronic exposure to poverty-related adversity from early to middle childhood predicted higher levels of internalizing symptomatology when children are ages 8-11, even after controlling for initial poverty status and early internalizing symptoms in preschool. Moreover, each of the 3 hypothesized components of ER played an independent and statistically significant role in predicting children's parent-reported internalizing symptoms at the 6-year follow-up, even after controlling for early and chronic poverty-related adversity.
The Emerging Genetic Landscape in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Historically, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. However, loss-of-function mutations involving the VHL gene, with associated upregulation of HIF and VEGF, are now known to drive the development of most clear-cell cancers and underlie the responsiveness of these tumors to VEGF-targeted therapies. More recent studies, based on copy number alterations, gene expression, and next-generation sequencing, have provided further insight into the molecular underpinnings of kidney cancer and identified potential druggable targets. In this chapter, we focus on the more frequent recurrent mutations in clear-cell RCC, including those with prognostic or therapeutic implications. Mutations in genes involved in chromatin remodeling, histone modification, as well as mTORC1, Krebs cycle, and antioxidant NRF2 pathways attest to the diversity of molecular alterations that drive or contribute to RCC development. While the genomic complexities of RCC pose new challenges, a better understanding of the biologic interplay among these processes is likely to lead to more effective targeted therapeutic options for patients.
Social Cognitive Theory Determinants of Physical Activity in Adults with Visual Impairments

Individuals with visual impairments tend to spend less time participating in physical activity and more time engaging in sedentary behaviors than their typically developing peers. The purpose of this study was to examine social cognitive theory-based predictors of physical activity and sedentary behavior for adults with visual impairments. Ninety-two participants, recruited from two visual impairment-related organizations in the United States (Women = 50; Men = 42; ages 18–77 [Mage = 46.88, SD = 13.91]), completed three questionnaires. Two-way ANOVAs examined differences across sex and vision; hierarchical multiple regression analyses evaluated factors predicting total metabolic equivalent minutes and sitting time. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that social support significantly predicted total metabolic equivalent minutes while self-regulation predicted sitting time. Age was not predictive of either dependent variable; vision predicted total metabolic equivalent minutes but not sitting time; sex was a significant factor for sitting not total metabolic equivalent minutes. Visual impairment predicted metabolic equivalent minutes but not sitting time. This study provides the first empirical evidence explaining social cognitive theory constructs as predictors of physical activity and sedentary behavior among adults with visual impairments. These results provide a basis for researchers and practitioners to utilize when conceptualizing, implementing, and evaluating future physical activity interventions focusing on this population.
Colored Point Cloud Registration Revisited

We present an algorithm for aligning two colored point clouds. The key idea is to optimize a joint photometric and geometric objective that locks the alignment along both the normal direction and the tangent plane. We extend a photometric objective for aligning RGB-D images to point clouds, by locally parameterizing the point cloud with a virtual camera. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm is more accurate and more robust than prior point cloud registration algorithms, including those that utilize color information. We use the presented algorithms to enhance a state-of-the-art scene reconstruction system. The precision of the resulting system is demonstrated on real-world scenes with accurate ground-truth models.
Analysis for Science Librarians of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: The Life and Work of Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young

Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young are the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates, having earned the award for their “discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlli...
Practical Solutions for Sharing Data and Materials From Psychological Research

Widespread sharing of data and materials (including displays and text- and video-based descriptions of experimental procedures) will improve the reproducibility of psychological science and accelerate the pace of discovery. In this article, we discuss some of the challenges to open sharing and offer practical solutions for researchers who wish to share more of the products—and process—of their research. Many of these solutions were devised by the Databrary.org data library for storing and sharing video, audio, and other forms of sensitive or personally identifiable data. We also discuss ways in which researchers can make shared data and materials easier for others to find and reuse. Widely adopted, these solutions and practices will increase transparency and speed progress in psychological science.
JBoost optimization of color detectors for autonomous underwater vehicle navigation

In the world of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) the prominent form of sensing is sonar due to cloudy water conditions and dispersion of light. Although underwater conditions are highly suitable for sonar, this does not mean that optical sensors should be completely ignored. There are situations where visibility is high, such as in calm waters, and where light dispersion is not significant, such as in shallow water or near the surface. In addition, even when visibility is low, once a certain proximity to an object exists, visibility can increase. The focus of this paper is this gap in capability for AUVs, with an emphasis on computer-aided detection through classifier optimization via machine learning. This paper describes the development of color-based classification algorithm and its application as a cost-sensitive alternative for navigation on the small Stingray AUV.
Understanding safety, victimization and school climate among rural lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth

Nearly three decades of research have examined the experiences of LGBTQ students in schools. These include numerous studies documenting elevated rates of school victimization, as well as how an LGB...
Optimizing Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: Anesthetic Considerations

Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) offers near-real-time assessment of neuronal pathways during surgery. Anesthetic regimens and derangements in homeostasis may render IONM ineffective and challenge its clinical utility. We review important anesthetic considerations for optimizing IONM modalities sensitive to these factors including sensory- and motor-evoked potentials. Anesthetic management during IONM requires consideration and the balance of multiple competing goals related to depth of anesthesia, patient comorbidities, and surgical requirements. Inhalational anesthetics in higher concentrations unequivocally depress IONM signals and should be used judiciously or avoided altogether in specific cases. The addition of adjuncts such as dexmedetomidine and lidocaine to carefully composed and titrated intravenous anesthetic regimens allows for propofol dose reduction and the optimization of IONM. Hypothermia, cerebral/spinal cord hypoperfusion, and reduced oxygen delivery should be avoided and corrected to maintain homeostasis for optimized neuronal functioning and IONM. Optimization of anesthetic management contributes to successful integration of IONM into perioperative care.
A large-scale, standardized physiological survey reveals higher order coding throughout the mouse visual cortex

To understand how the brain processes sensory information to guide behavior, we must know how stimulus representations are transformed throughout the visual cortex. Here we report an open, large-scale physiological survey of neural activity in the awake mouse visual cortex: the Allen Brain Observatory Visual Coding dataset. This publicly available dataset includes cortical activity from nearly 60,000 neurons collected from 6 visual areas, 4 layers, and 12 transgenic mouse lines from 221 adult mice, in response to a systematic set of visual stimuli. Using this dataset, we reveal functional differences across these dimensions and show that visual cortical responses are sparse but correlated. Surprisingly, responses to different stimuli are largely independent, e.g. whether a neuron responds to natural scenes provides no information about whether it responds to natural movies or to gratings. We show that these phenomena cannot be explained by standard local filter-based models, but are consistent with multi-layer hierarchical computation, as found in deeper layers of standard convolutional neural networks.
The Raman Effect: A Large-Scale Lecture Demonstration

This article describes a lecture demonstration of the Raman effect. It presents a method for using a simple arrangement of optical components to project Raman lines from liquid samples. The Raman lines are visible as different colors of light projected on a screen several meters away. The demonstration is appropriate for physical, analytical or instrumental analysis courses.
Brain Like Temporal Processing

This chapter presents a general purpose model of the brain, called Developmental Networks (DN). Rooted in the biological genomic equivalence principle, our model proposes a general-purpose cell-centered in-place learning scheme to handle all levels of brain development and operation, from the cell level all the way to the brain level. It clarifies five necessary “chunks” of the brain “puzzle”: development, architecture, area, space and time. Then, this chapter analyzes how such a model enables a developmental robot to deal with temporal contexts. It deals with temporal context of any length without a dedicated temporal component.
Blindsight: Residual Vision

Blindsight is the discernment of a visual stimulus in the absence of conscious awareness. All cases of blindsight require some damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) with sparing of parts of visual association cortex and/or associated neural circuitry, but subtypes of blindsight have been defined. Studies done in monkeys and humans are described, and an overview is given of the neural pathways involved in this phenomenon.
Twenty years of 'insanity' in diagnosing underlying clinically relevant cervical dysfunction using traditional MRI.

It has been said that the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again, while expecting a different result. Studies dating back several decades [e.g., the article by Boden et al . (1)] have failed to show strong correlation between abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the intervertebral discs and clinical symptoms. Nonetheless, as a group, we keep trying to make the connection, both in the clinic and in the lab.
Pressure filtration of dispersed and flocculated alumina slurries

The pressure-filtration behaviors of dispersed and flocculated alumina slurries at high percent solids were investigated with the objective of determining the effect of surfactant type and concentration on slurry properties. A high-purity alumina powder was used as a model solid. Dispersion of the alumina was controlled by pH and by surfactants that are known to act as electric and steric stabilizers. The effects of both ionic and nonionic surfactants were investigated. Surface charge measurements of the slurries were carried out by an electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) method to better understand the mechanisms. The effect of surfactant type and concentration on the kinetics of pressure filtration and cake properties are discussed.
Practical Reliability Analysis of GPGPUs in the Wild: From Systems to Applications

General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) have rapidly evolved to enable energy-efficient data-parallel computing for a broad range of scientific areas. While GPUs achieve exascale performance at a stringent power budget, they are also susceptible to soft errors (faults), often caused by high-energy particle strikes, that can significantly affect application output quality. As those applications are normally long-running, investigating the characteristics of GPU errors becomes imperative to better understand the reliability of such systems. In this talk, I will present a study of the system conditions that trigger GPU soft errors using a six-month trace data collected from a large-scale, operational HPC system from Oak Ridge National Lab. Workload characteristics, certain GPU cards, temperature and power consumption could be indicative of GPU faults, but it is non-trivial to exploit them for error prediction. Motivated by these observations and challenges, I will show how machine-learning-based error prediction models can capture the hidden interactions among system and workload properties. The above findings beg the question: how can one better understand the resilience of applications if faults are bound to happen? To this end, I will illustrate the challenges of comprehensive fault injection in GPGPU applications and outline a novel fault injection solution that captures the error resilience profile of GPGPU applications.
Posterior Labral Repairs of the Shoulder Among Baseball Players: Results and Outcomes With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.

Background:There is a paucity of information regarding the treatment of posterior labral tears of the shoulder for baseball players. Reports regarding treatment and postoperative outcomes are more ...
OpenFab: a programmable pipeline for multimaterial fabrication

3D printing hardware is rapidly scaling up to output continuous mixtures of multiple materials at increasing resolution over ever larger print volumes. This poses an enormous computational challenge: large high-resolution prints comprise trillions of voxels and petabytes of data, and modeling and describing the input with spatially varying material mixtures at this scale are simply challenging. Existing 3D printing software is insufficient; in particular, most software is designed to support only a few million primitives, with discrete material choices per object. We present OpenFab, a programmable pipeline for synthesis of multimaterial 3D printed objects that is inspired by RenderMan and modern GPU pipelines. The pipeline supports procedural evaluation of geometric detail and material composition, using shader-like fablets, allowing models to be specified easily and efficiently. The pipeline is implemented in a streaming fashion: only a small fraction of the final volume is stored in memory, and output is fed to the printer with a little startup delay. We demonstrate it on a variety of multimaterial objects.
Patient-Recorded Physician Ratings: What Can We Learn From 11,527 Online Reviews of Orthopedic Surgeons?

Abstract Background Physician rating websites have become an increasingly popular medium for patients to give feedback and to obtain information about physicians. Each physician rating website uses different criteria to evaluate physicians, with the option for patients to provide written reviews. Our goal is to identify factors that patients value when seeking an orthopedic surgeon. Methods The study design was observational. We analyzed 7 common physician rating websites ( RateMDs.com , HealthGrades.com , Vitals.com , WebMD.com , CareDash.com , Wellness.com , and ZocDoc.com ) to evaluate orthopedic surgeon ratings and examine the variables that influence these ratings. Numeric ratings were standardized on a scale from 0-100 (higher number = positive rating). Multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regression models were used where appropriate. Results A total of 11,527 online reviews of orthopedic surgeons in a single metropolitan area were evaluated in April 2019. The average overall rating was positive at 83.66 (±12.33) on our scale. The majority of surgeons amassed ≤20 reviews on each website. Higher ratings were correlated with staff friendliness (P = .010), punctuality (P = .009), and knowledge/expertise (P = .031). Analysis of written reviews showed that resolution of original patient complaints was associated with a high-scoring review. Conclusion This study may impact the ability of orthopedic surgeons to improve patient satisfaction and experience. The online image of orthopedic surgeons is positive in general, with weight placed on timeliness, knowledge, and staff friendliness. Further study is needed to examine whether differences exist in patient-centric domains reviewing orthopedic subspecialties. Future multiple geographic area studies will help elucidate any regional variation in patient-recorded data, as well as the role of any participation bias.
IgE in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease with eosinophilia.

Tissues containing Hodgkin‘s disease (HD) are frequently infiltrated by large numbers of eosinophils. Because eosinophils as well as Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells express membrane receptors (CD23) for IgE, this study was performed to determine if IgE is present in tissue sections of HD and to correlate the results, when possible, with serum IgE levels and the presence of interleukin-5 (IL-5) messenger RNA (mRNA) in RS cells. Paraffin-embedded, B-Sfixed slices of 13 cases of HD, one case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)related HD, seven cases of benign lymphoid hyperplasia (including two cases from HD patients), and five cases of B-cell lymphomas were analyzed by a sensitive immunoperoxidase staining technique that used a murine monoclonal antibody specific for human IgE. In the benign hyperplastic ISSUES CONTAINING Hodgkin’s disease (HD) of T the nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity subtypes frequently are extensively infiltrated by eosinophils’*2 that undergo degran~lation.~,~ The cause of the eosinophilia in HD remains uncertain, although one possible explanation is provided by the observation that Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells of HD contain messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for interleukin-5 (IL-5), which is a potent stimulator of eosinophil growth and differentiation? For many years it has been known that patients with HD have elevated levels of serum IgE.&’ Recently, eosinophil~~~’~ and RS cells” have been shown to express the CD23 antigen, which is a cell-surface receptor for IgE. Interestingly, eosinophil accumulation and degranulation in cutaneous late-phase reactions have been linked to the presence of IgE within tissues.” Previous immunohistochemical studies of Ig distribution in HD have shown that RS cells contain exogenous, polyclonal Ig.l3-l5 Most of those studies, however, analyzed tissues exclusively for K and A light chains, IgG, I& and IgM. An attempt to detect IgE in formalin-fixed samples of HD using polyclonal rabbit antisera and the peroxidaseantiperoxidase method was unsuccessful.’6 The purpose of this study, therefore, was to use a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical procedure to analyze the distribution of IgE in Bd-fixed tissues involved by HD and to correlate the results, whenever possible, with serum IgE levels and the presence or absence of eosinophils and IL-5 mRNA in the tissues. This report describes the novel observation that HD tissues with eosinophilia often
A narrative review of mindfulness-based therapy for schizophrenia, co-occurring substance use and comorbid cardiometabolic problems.

Abstract Mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) has gained attention in recent years as a promising treatment for patients with schizophrenia for whom traditional interventions are not effective. Research demonstrates improvements in psychotic symptoms, emotion regulation, and other areas including re-hospitalization rates and insight into illness following MBT interventions. Yet MBT studies have not carefully reported results in patients with schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use or comorbid medical problems, bringing into question the generalizability of these findings. This narrative review explores the literature regarding the use of mindfulness-based interventions for patients with schizophrenia as well as for patients with substance use disorder, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Findings suggest that MBTs can improve craving in substance use disorder, eating related behaviors in obesity, diabetes-related distress, and metabolic regulation in patients with diabetes. Increased insula and anterior cingulate cortex volumes and activities following MBTs might be associated with the potential benefit of MBTs in patients with schizophrenia. Our review provides a foundational basis in support of the need for future studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of MBTs for schizophrenia with co-occurring substance use disorder and/or comorbid cardiometabolic problems.
Diagnostic utility of PRAME in distinguishing proliferative nodules from melanoma in giant congenital melanocytic nevi

We describe a case of a melanocytic proliferation arising in a giant congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) and outline the potential utility of an immunohistochemical study with PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) in distinguishing benign proliferative nodules (PN) from melanoma in this context. A 15-day-old girl presented with a fibrotic nodule clinically suspicious for melanoma within a giant CMN. Histopathological examination showed a predominantly intradermal melanocytic nevus with congenital features intermixing with an ill-defined proliferation of larger melanocytes demonstrating mild-to-moderate cytologic atypia and increased mitotic activity. Anti-PRAME was diffusely positive within the congenital nevus while negative within the larger proliferating cells. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed whole chromosomal gains and losses only, consistent with a PN arising in a giant CMN. To our knowledge, PRAME expression in giant CMN, PN, and pediatric melanomas has not been previously described. Based on our experience with this case, we propose that differential patterns of PRAME expression may be present in these three lesions, allowing PRAME immunohistochemistry to potentially serve as a helpful adjunct diagnostic tool for laboratories that do not readily have access to molecular testing in rendering a diagnosis for atypical melanocytic proliferations arising in giant CMN.
Beyond Consensus: Gender, Chief Justices, and Leadership on State Supreme Courts

Previous research on differences in male and female leadership attribute consensus formation to female leadership styles. However, I argue that consensus in the context of chief justice leadership ...
Exchange Rates and Interest Rates: Can Term Structure Models Explain Currency Movements?

We construct an international term structure model that has excellent empirical performance in tracking movements of exchange rates and currency returns. The forward premium puzzle is accounted for, yet the model does not have the undesirable properties found in Backus et al. (J. Finance 56 (2001) 279). Examination of the estimated factor structure indicates that local factors are not important in the US, UK, and German markets. Moreover, we find that term structure factors alone cannot satisfactorily explain exchange rate movements. In other words, exchange rates are also affected by other factors that are not in the interest rate dynamics.
Use of Hospital-Based Food Pantries Among Low-Income Urban Cancer Patients

To examine uptake of a novel emergency food system at five cancer clinics in New York City, hospital-based food pantries, and predictors of use, among low-income urban cancer patients. This is a nested cohort study of 351 patients who first visited the food pantries between October 3, 2011 and January 1, 2013. The main outcome was continued uptake of this food pantry intervention. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) statistical analysis was conducted to model predictors of pantry visit frequency. The median number of return visits in the 4 month period after a patient's initial visit was 2 and the mean was 3.25 (SD 3.07). The GEE model showed that younger patients used the pantry less, immigrant patients used the pantry more (than US-born), and prostate cancer and Stage IV cancer patients used the pantry more. Future long-term larger scale studies are needed to further assess the utilization, as well as the impact of food assistance programs such as the this one, on nutritional outcomes, cancer outcomes, comorbidities, and quality of life. Cancer patients most at risk should be taken into particular consideration.
Effect of variation in nestling hunger levels on the begging behavior of nestlings and the provisioning behavior of adult American Kestrels

Little is known about how variation in nestling begging intensity influences the behaviour of adult raptors and how responses of adult males and females to such variation might differ. Our objectiv...
DNA Repair Perspectives in Thyroid and Breast Cancer: The Role of DNA Repair Polymorphisms

One of the great challenges of modern molecular biology is the integration of new genetic information into procedures that can be implemented in rapid, cost effective and reliable methods to genotype, phenotype, identify gene function, and development treatment for the disease. One of the major impacts of such methods and procedures is the increase of our knowledge and understanding of human biology leading to the recognition of the importance of molecular factors in disease aetiology. The immediate consequence of such knowledge is an increased ability for pathology diagnostic and for the identification of presymptomatic individuals or those susceptible to specific diseases, improving our ability for disease prognosis and to develop more efficient therapeutic strategies. Every organism is exposed to hazardous agents in its environment on a continual basis. As a result, organisms have evolved sophisticated pathways that are considered an environmental response machinery, to minimize the biological consequences of hazardous environmental agents. A large number of human genes, including the ones involved in the environmental response machinery, are subject to genetic variability, which can be associated with the altered efficiency of a biological pathway (Perera & Weinstein, 2000). So, an individual’s risk for developing a disease stemming from an environmental exposure might be dependent on the efficiency of his/her own unique set of environmental response genes. These genes are usually involved in the metabolism of environmental carcinogens, in the repair of DNA lesions induced by exogenous and endogenous carcinogens, and in the control of the cell cycle. Individual polymorphic forms in those genes have been associated with individual susceptibility to different types of cancer namely in breast and thyroid cancer (Conde et al., 2009; Gaspar et al., 2004; Pabalan et al., 2010; Peng et al., 2011; Silva et al., 2005; Silva et al., 2006b; Silva et al., 2006a; Silva et al., 2009; Silva et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2007). Several enzymes have evolved for the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds, and their gene expression is induced in response to the presence of numerous compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke). An inefficient detoxification of reactive endogenous or exogenous compounds ultimately leads to lesions in DNA, which should be repaired by DNA repair mechanisms, ought to reduce cancer risk. As a
Evaluating correctional health care. The lessons of New York City.

Abstract New York City's correctional health care system is a complicated one, with many component parts. Correspondingly, the task of developing an evaluation process to assess this system turned out to be complex as well. The major responsibility for developing such a process and for keeping it in motion lies with the Contract Evaluation Unit of the Department of Health. Our experiences in meeting these challenges, as well as the historical and institutional factors that have influenced our efforts, should be of interest to professional groups facing similar tasks in other localities and to readers curious about how particular health service evaluation approaches take form. This article describes our method, how it emerged, and what it entails, with an eye toward identifying what might usefully be applied to the study of other correctional health care services and settings.