cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existence questions

I argue that thinking of existence questions as deep questions to be resolved by a distinctively philosophical discipline of ontology is misguided. I begin by examining how to understand the truth-conditions of existence claims, by way of understanding the rules of use for ‘exists’ and for general noun terms. This yields a straightforward method for resolving existence questions by a combination of conceptual analysis and empirical enquiry. It also provides a blueprint for arguing against most common proposals for uniform substantive ‘criteria of existence’, whether they involve mind-independence, possession of causal powers, observability, etc., and thus for showing that many arguments for denying entities (numbers, ordinary objects, fictional characters, propositions…) on grounds of their failure to meet one or more of these proposed existence criteria are mistaken.
Aminoglycosides induce a bacterial senescent state that increases antibiotic tolerance in treatment-naïve cells

Bacterial evolution of antibiotic resistance is facilitated by non-genetic resistance that increases drug tolerance, buying time for evolutionary innovation. Escherichia coli treated with aminoglycosides permanently lose the ability to divide within four hours, yet we discovered a majority of cells maintain membrane integrity and metabolic activity greater than two days post treatment -- a bacterial senescent-like state. These cells, which we term zombies, exhibit dynamic gene expression and metabolomic profiles, even after irreversible exit from the cell cycle. Our data reveal zombies upregulate the phage shock protein pathway to maintain membrane integrity. Remarkably, though unable to form new colonies, zombies increase the antibiotic tolerance of treatment-naive cells, implying chemical communication. Chemical supplementation and genetic knockouts show that zombies communicate with treatment-naive cells by secreting indole. In summary, our study revealed a bacterial senescent-like state, induced by aminoglycosides, that decreases the antibiotic susceptibility of multiple bacterial species. Thus, E. coli zombies utilize paracrine signaling to promote non-genetic antibiotic tolerance.
Cognitive Load Detection on Commercial EEG Devices: An Optimized Signal Processing Chain

Use of Electroencephalography (EEG) to detect cognitive load is a well-practiced technique. Cognitive load reflects the mental load imparted on a person providing a crucial parameter for applications like personalized education and usability testing. There are several approaches to process the EEG signals and thus choosing an optimal signal processing chain is not a straight forward job. The scenario becomes even more interesting while using commercial low-cost, low resolution EEG devices connected to cloud through Internet of Things (IoT) platform. This paper proposes an optimized signal processing chain offering maximum classification accuracy and minimum computational complexity for measuring the cognitive load using low resolution EEG devices.
Cell cultures from dispersed embryonic house fly tissues; technique, mitosis and cell aggregates.

Six-hour old M. domestica house fly eggs were placed in porous, cellulose tissue embedding bags, sterilized, dechorionated, and crushed so that embryo cells were extruded through the bag. These cells and debris were filtered through a funnel with a coarse, fritted glass disk which passed only single cells. The cells were centrifuged at 810 rpm on a clinical centrifuge and the supernatant containing egg yolk, fat body, and debris was discarded. Cultures (2 × 106 cells/ml) were established with an empirically devised medium containing 20% fetal calf serum. Cell attachment was nearly complete in 4–6 h, and these cells assumed a normal spindle shaped, fibroblastic, or epithelioid appearance. Within 3–4 days, these attached cells aggregated into several types of clusters which appeared to consist of muscle cells, nerve cells, and unidentified spherical cells. The cultures were continuously maintained for 6 months to 1 year with mandatory subculturing. The division of nuclei and cells was demonstrated with tritiated thymidine, autoradiography, and time-lapse photomicrography. The cells were freeze-preserved by equilibration in 10% DMSO, 3% PVP, and 3% fetal calf serum and cooling at 2 °C/min to the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
A fast, accurate and digitally calibrate-able logarithmic amplifier for analog predistortion power amplifiers

This paper presents a fast, accurate and digitally calibrate-able logarithmic amplifier (log amp) for an analog predistortion (APD) power amplifier (PA) linearization system. This log amp was designed and fabricated in SiGe BiCMOS 0.35-µm process. Measurement results show that this log amp has over 20 dB input dynamic range with less than ±0.15 dB error over an operating frequency of 0.7 GHz – 2.7 GHz. In addition, its video bandwidth (VBW) is over 64 MHz at all operating conditions, and its response time is 2.2 ns. These results indicate that this logarithmic amplifier is suitable for a fast, accurate AM-AM error detector in applications such as analog predistortion (APD). Furthermore, it can be digitally calibrated, maximizing AM-AM error compensation.
Ensuring stability of state-dependent Riccati equation controllers via satisficing

Controls based on solutions to the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) have been shown to offer high performance, but they suffer from unproven stability properties. This paper combines SDRE with satisficing, a novel clf-based approach which analytically guarantees stability. Essentially, the SDRE controller is projected point-wise onto the satisficing set. It is shown that this projection onto a stabilizing set in the control space can be solved analytically, and an example demonstrates the performance of the resulting SDRE-satisficing controllers.
Interpreting The Observed Substrate Selectivity And The Product Regioselectivity In Orf2-Catalyzed Prenylation From X-Ray Structures

The combined QM/MM based X-ray crystallography technique is described. Its relevant strengths and weaknesses relative to traditional refinement protocols are discussed. The method is illustrated by refining Orf2 protein–ligand complexes and comparing the QM/MM based method to CNS derived results. It is shown that in this instance the QM/MM based approach give superior results to traditional MM based refinements methods as implemented in CNS
Sociotechnical systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety

The SEIPS (Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety) model of work system and patient safety is described and selected research and practical applications are presented.
The relationship between teacher burnout and student motivation

Background Teacher burnout is regarded as a serious problem in school settings. To date, studies on teachers’ stress and burnout have largely centred on teachers’ own characteristics, socialization, and behaviours, but few have explored the connection between teachers’ burnout and students’ motivation via their own perceptions of teachers’ behaviour and emotional well-being. Aims This study adopted Maslach et al.'s (2001, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 52, 397) job burnout construct and self-determination theory to investigate the relationships between teachers’ burnout and students’ autonomous motivation over one-semester physical education classes. Sample A total of 1,302 high school students and their 33 physical education teachers in 20 high schools from two school districts in a major Midwest metropolitan area in the United States. The two school districts were demographically similar. Methods Students and physical education teachers completed questionnaires assessing relevant psychological constructs. There were two time points for collecting students’ data. One was at the beginning of a fall semester, and the other was at the end of that semester. Hierarchical linear modelling analyses were conducted. Results It was revealed that teachers’ emotional exhaustion was negatively related to students’ perceived teacher autonomy support (TAS); in turn, there was a negative relationship between teachers’ feeling of depersonalization and students’ autonomous motivation development even when controlling for inadequate TAS. Conclusion The dimensions of teachers' burnout might play different roles in the transmission from teachers to students. Teachers’ status of burnout is an important environmental factor associated with students’ quality of motivation.
Role of the promoter in the regulation of the thymidine kinase gene.

To identify the regulatory elements of the human thymidine kinase (TK) gene, the authors established stable cell lines carrying different chimeric constructs of the TK gene. Their results can be summarized as follows. (i) When the TK coding sequence is under the control of the calcyclin promoter (a promoter that is activated when G/sub o/ cells are stimulated by growth factors), TK mRNA levels are higher in G/sub 1/-arrested cells than in proliferating cells: (ii) when the TK coding sequence is under the control of the promoter of heat shock protein HSP70, steady-state levels of TK mRNA are highest after heat shock, regardless of the position of the cells in the cell cycle; (iii) the bacterial CAT gene under the control of the human TK promoter is maximally expressed in the S phase; (iv) the TK cDNA driven by the simian virus 40 promoter is also maximally expressed in the S phase; and (v) TK enzyme activity is always at a maximum in the S phase, even when the levels of TK mRNA are highest in nonproliferating cells. The authors conclude that although the TK coding sequence may also play some role, the TK promoter has an important role inmore » the cell cycle regulation of TK mRNA levels.« less
Overexpression and Characterization of Human Tetrameric Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Its Individual Subunits

Abstract Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), an α 2 β 2 tetramer, is the first component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which catalyzes a two-step oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid. To overexpress human E1 and its subunits individually, cDNAs for the mature forms of human E1α and E1β were subcloned either individually or together into a plasmid pQE-9 and expressed in Escherichia coli M15. A polyhistidine extension was added at the NH 2 -termini of the recombinant E1α and E1β for the rapid purification of the proteins by Ni-nitrilotriacetic-agarose chromatography, The polyhistidine extension on either E1α or E1β subunit did not affect the activity of the recombinant tetrameric E1. Highly purified recombinant human E1 catalyzed the partial reactions of the oxidative and nonoxidative conversion of pyruvic acid with the same efficiency as E1 purified from bovine kidney, Recombinant human E1 interacted with thiamin pyrophosphate by forming a charge transfer complex band at 330 nm that changed during the catalytic cycle, Recombinant human E1 was phosphorylated by E1-kinase (with concomitant inactivation) by incorporating nearly three phosphoryl groups per mole of E1. When expressed individually, E1α and E1βsubunits lacked any catalytic activity in the oxidative or nonoxidative reactions, Spectral studies demonstrated that there was no thiamin pyrophosphate binding to either recombinant E1α or E1β subunit, The E1α subunit retained the ability to be phosphorylated; however, the incorporation of phosphoryl groups into recombinant E1α alone was only about 12% of that observed with the tetrameric E1. These findings show that both subunits are required for formation of the active center and catalysis.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Cell Phone Diaries to Measure HIV Risk Behavior Among Female Sex Workers

Individual, social, and structural factors affecting HIV risk behaviors among female sex workers (FSWs) are difficult to assess using retrospective surveys methods. To test the feasibility and acceptability of cell phone diaries to collect information about sexual events, we recruited 26 FSWs in Indianapolis, Indiana (US). Over 4 weeks, FSWs completed twice daily digital diaries about their mood, drug use, sexual interactions, and daily activities. Feasibility was assessed using repeated measures general linear modeling and descriptive statistics examined event-level contextual information and acceptability. Of 1,420 diaries expected, 90.3 % were completed by participants and compliance was stable over time (p > .05 for linear trend). Sexual behavior was captured in 22 % of diaries and participant satisfaction with diary data collection was high. These data provide insight into event-level factors impacting HIV risk among FSWs. We discuss implications for models of sexual behavior and individually tailored interventions to prevent HIV in this high-risk group.
Spatial processing in color reproduction.

We consider the reproduction of color subject to material and neighborhood constraints. By “material constraints,” we mean any constraints that are applied to the amount of ink, lights, voltages, and currents that are used in the generation of color. In the first instance we consider the problem of reproducing a target color constrained by maximum additive color signals, such as in the phosphorescence process in a cathode ray tube. In the second instance we consider the more difficult problem of reproducing color subject to constraints on the maximum primary color variations in a (spatial) neighborhood. We introduce the idea of adjacent color variance (ACV) and then attempt to reproduce colors subject to an upper bound on the ACV. An algorithm that is suitable for this task is the method of vector space projections (VSP). In order to use VSP for constrained color reproduction, we use a novel approach to linearize nonlinear CIE-Lab space constraints. Experimental results are furnished that demonstrate that using the ACV as a bound helps to reduce reproduction artifacts in a color image.
Gender Differences in Types of Assignments Preferred: Implications for Computer Science Instruction:

A study analyzing survey results of more than 850 students enrolled in college computer courses was conducted. The survey included, among other things, questions about students' preferences for a p...
NPY mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex: Selective reduction in the superficial white matter of subjects with schizoaffective disorder.

Background Alterations in the inhibitory circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in schizophrenia include reduced expression of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for somatostatin (SST), a neuropeptide present in a subpopulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed in a subset of SST-containing interneurons and lower levels of NPY mRNA have also been reported in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, whether the alterations in these two transcripts identify the same, particularly vulnerable, subset of GABA neurons has not been examined.
Origin of the inner cell mass in mouse embryos: Cell lineage analysis by microinjection☆

The mouse inner cell mass is established by cells that are allocated to internal positions after the 8-cell stage. We analyzed the timing of this allocation by microinjecting two cell lineage markers, horseradish peroxidase and rhodamine-conjugated dextran, into mouse blastomeres at the 8- to 32-cell stage. Prospective analysis was performed by coinjection of peroxidase and dextran, followed by 12-22 hr of culture and staining for peroxidase activity; retrospective analysis was performed by injection of peroxidase alone and localization of sister cells without further culture. Both approaches indicated that cells are allocated to internal positions during the fourth and fifth cleavage divisions, but not the sixth cleavage division, of the mouse embryo. Thus, outer cells can have inner descendants until the late morula/early blastocyst (32-cell) stage, but cells remaining outside after the fifth cleavage division are restricted to a trophectoderm fate. This information about cell lineage indicates that the previously observed totipotency of the cleaving mammalian embryo's cells is a regulative attribute that is used in normal development.
Love hurts: The evolution of empathic concern through the encephalization of nociceptive capacity

Empathic concern for others is an essential motive for challenges of self-regulation at all developmental stages. A child who never develops the capacity for empathic concern may become an ineffective parent, such that developmental psychopathology propagates across generations. We draw on evidence and theory by Panksepp and associates that indicates that infant-mother bonding is mediated by opiate mechanisms. We review the neural systems of pain perception and find these are closely aligned with those for attentional and cognitive self-regulation. Analysis of the limbic and neocortical representations for interpersonal reasoning suggests there are important contributions from visceral, affective, and somatic and cognitive levels. We draw on modern learning theory to propose a critical role for frustration training in development to allow the child to achieve the capacity for tolerating psychological pain that allows effective empathic concern in later relationships.
Cephalometric variables to predict future success of early orthopedic Class III treatment.

Background: The objective of this study was to select a model of cephalometric variables to predict future Class III growth patterns based on the results of early orthopedic treatment with a protraction facemask. Material Sixty-four patients with Class III malocclusion were treated with a protraction facemask. Cephalometric radiographs were taken before treatment and a minimum of 3 years after treatment. The sample was divided into 2 groups: successful and unsuccessful according to overjet and molar relationships. Eleven linear and 5 angular measurements were made on the pretreatment radiograph. A logistic regression model was used to identify the dentoskeletal variables most responsible for the prediction of successful and unsuccessful outcomes in subjects receiving treatment. Results Stepwise variable selection generated 4 variables significant in predicting successful treatment outcomes: position of the condyle with reference to the cranial base (Co-GD, P = .02), ramal length (Co-Goi, P = .03), mandibular length (Co-Pg, P = .01), and gonial angle (Ar-Goi-Me, P Conclusions These results suggest that Class III growing patients with forward position of the mandible, small ramal length, large mandibular length, and obtuse gonial angle are highly associated with unsatisfactory treatment outcomes after pubertal growth.
Patterns of Diurnal Marine Stratocumulus Cloud Fraction Variability

AbstractThe spatial patterns of subtropical marine stratocumulus cloud fraction variability on diurnal time scales are examined using high-temporal-resolution cloud masks that are based on 30-min, 4 km × 4 km geosynchronous infrared data for 2003–10. This dataset permits comparison of the characteristics of variability in low cloud fraction among the three subtropical marine stratocumulus regions in the northeastern (NE) Pacific, southeastern (SE) Pacific, and SE Atlantic Oceans. In all three regions, the largest diurnal cycles and earliest time of cloud breakup occur on the edges of the cloud field where cloud fractions are generally lower. The rate at which the cloud breaks up during the day is tied to the starting cloud fraction at dawn, which determines the amount of longwave cooling that is initially available to offset shortwave radiative fluxes during the day. The maximum rate of cloud breakup occurs near 1200 LT. Cloud fraction begins to increase by 1600 LT (before the sun sets) and reaches its ma...
Consistent Wave Equations for Families of Massive Particles with Any Spin

We investigate all finite-component invariant wave equations (−iβ µ∂µ + κ)ψ=0 that have a complete set of solutions describing massive particles. We discuss a practical method for the computation of the mass spectrum, an appropriate scalar product and adjoint wave function (defined without a hermitizing matrix), and the discrete symmetriesP, T, andC. The Klein-Gordon divisor is studied in some detail; the corresponding propagators are found to be without contact terms. Such wave equations seem to offer the basis for a consistent description of multiplets of particles with any spin: They lead to quantum field theories that can be derived from a Lagrangian, have positive definite metric and energy, and satisfy the canonical commutation relations. Although we are here only considering noninteracting theories, it is evident that such equations are free of the inconsistencies usually encountered in higher spin theories.
Analysis of leukocyte extravasation across the blood-brain barrier: conceptual and technical aspects.

The central nervous system (CNS) has long been described as an immunogically privileged organ. However, evidence is accumulating that the CNS is more adequately described as immune competent, albeit atypical. Leukocyte trafficking into the CNS in response to inflammation, as in peripheral organs, occurs in several distinct steps. As with all leukocyte trafficking, the overall process is governed in part by chemokines. The CNS has unique anatomic and physiologic attributes, including the blood-brain barrier. These characteristic features of the CNS interact with a distinct array of chemokines, expressed both constitutively and in response to inflammation. In this review, we consider the potential sites of chemokine action in guiding leukocyte migration. The process of extravasation can usefully be regarded as comprising individual steps. This review is focused on the need to consider these stages separately, and the elucidation of mechanisms at each stage is outlined.
Spontaneous formation of inert oscillator pairs

Abstract We describe a peculiar type of spontaneous synchronization in a transmission line studded with nonlinear oscillators. After a transient period of complicated interactions, the elements form strongly synchronized pairs with interactions between these pairs virtually nil. The creation of these “dynamical dimers” appears to stem from the coupling intrinsic to transmission lines rather than any specific property of the nonlinear oscillators.
Listener experience and perception of voice quality.

Five speech-language clinicians and 5 naive listeners rated the similarity of pairs of normal and dysphonic voices. Multidimensional scaling was used to determine the voice characteristics that wer...
The dynamics of individual resistance and techniques for handling these manifestations in group psychotherapy

The dynamics of individual resistance in group psychotherapy are described under two classifications: 1) extragroup-session resistance, and 2) intragroup-session resistance. The different kinds of resistances in each classification are explained and examples from group sessions are given to demonstrate each.
Microsystem for nanofiber electromechanical measurements

A microscale, thermally actuated, uniaxial testing stage for nanofiber materials has been designed and fabricated. Electrical separation of portions of the stage allows two-point electrical measurements simultaneously with in situ mechanical testing. Using this stage, a nanofiber consisting of a carbon nanotube (CNT) surrounded by amorphous carbon was subjected to mechanical loading and simultaneous electrical impedance characterization, which provides a means to derive fiber resistance measurements when a fiber is mechanically coupled using highly resistive contacts. Stress applied to the nanofiber was estimated using measurements of the stage displacement and the input power supplied to the thermal actuator.
Measuring Levels of Trust

College student respondents involved in romantic relationships (N= 445) completed questionnaires containing measures of trust and related constructs. Analyses focused on two sets of issues. The first concerned the validity of the Trust Inventory, an innovative self-report measure that partitions trust into separate domains including (a) specific relationship partners, called Partner Trust; (b) family and friends, termed Network Trust; and (c) people-in-general, called Generalized Trust. The second set of issues involved several previously unanswered questions derived from the trust literature, specifically: (a) the comparability of competing measures of trust, (b) the convergence between trust in specific people vs trust in human nature, and (c) whether trust is more closely related to one's personality or emotions or to the quality of one's relationships. Results generally supported the validity of the Trust Inventory and its tripartite division of types of trust including the new concept of Network Trust. In addition, various measures of trust were moderately to strongly interrelated. However, results also supported the distinction between relational trust (trust in relationship partners) and global trust (trust in human nature). Measures of relational trust were significantly more strongly related to relationship quality and commitment, whereas measures of global trust were slightly more strongly related to indices of personality and emotion. This latter difference was not significant.
Three-dimensional polarimetric imaging based on integral-imaging techniques

In this paper, we overview a 3D polarimetric imaging system by using integral imaging techniques under natural illumination conditions. To obtain polarimetric information of objects, the Stokes polarization parameters are first measured and then utilized to calculate degree of polarization of the objects. Based on degree of polarization information of each 2D image, a modified computational reconstruction method is presented to perform 3D polarimetric image reconstruction. The system may be used to detect or classify objects with distinct polarization signatures in 3D space. Experimental results also show the proposed system may mitigate the effect of occlusion in 3D reconstruction.
A functional equation analysis of two learning models

One-absorbing barrier random walks arising from Luce's nonlinear beta model for learning and a linear commuting-operator model (called the alpha model) are considered. Functional equations for various statistics are derived from the branching processes defined by the two models. Solutions to general functional equations, satisfied by statistics of the alpha and beta models, are obtained. The methods presented have application to other learning models.
Effect Of Added Si On The Resistivity Of Co And Ni Films

Chemical and electrical changes in Co/Si and Ni/Si bilayered films on Si0 2 substrates are investigated. The Si thicknesses chosen correspond to 0 to 11 atomic percent of the total film. After the films were vacuum annealed at 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900°C for 1 hour, they were examined by means of 4 He + backscattering spectrometry, x-ray Read camera and diffractometer, scanning electron and optical microscopy, and four point probe resistivity measurements. At low annealing temperatures, we observe the Ni 5 Si 2 , Ni 3 Si and Co 2 Si phases. At 800 and 900°C, Si dissolves in the film. The film resistivity increses rapidly as the amount of dissolved Si in the film rises. For example, 2 at.% and 3.6 at.% suffice to double the film resistivity of Co and Ni, respectively. The lattice parameter perpendicular to the plane of the film for films annealed at 900°C was determined at room temperature and found to decrease with increasing Si content. The surface of a pure metal film becomes nonuniform upon 900°C annealing; adding as little as 2.5 at.% Si stabilizes the film morphology.
The Market Valuation of Cash Dividends and the Tax Differential Theory of Dividend Policy: A Case Revisited

One of the most controversial areas in finance concerns the relevance or irrelevance of dividend policy. Survey results reported by researchers indicate that corporate chief financial officers believe that dividend policy does affect stock prices. One factor that could cause dividend policy to matter is possible tax effects. However, although many maintain that tax treatment would favor low payout, Miller and Scholes argue that tax policy is irrelevant. The latest change in the tax code, which removed the lower capital gains tax rate, provides a unique opportunity to examine the relevance of tax policy alone. This study revisits the Citizens Utilities case, which was used by Long and Poterba. We conclude that the market for Citizens Utilities shares indicates that tax policy does influence value.
Risk factors that mitigate the role of paraaortic lymphadenectomy in uterine endometrioid cancer

Abstract Objective Paraaortic lymph node (PA) dissemination in endometrial cancer (EC) is uncommon and a systematic infrarenal PA dissection carries morbidity. Our objective was to identify a subgroup of EC patients who may potentially forego PA lymphadenectomy (LND). Methods The study endpoint (PA Metastasis or Recurrence; PAMR) was defined as detection of metastasis to PA nodes (among those with any type of PA LND) or PA recurrence within 2 years (among patients without PA LND or those with negative nodes in the context of an inadequate ( Results Of the 946 patients, PAMR was observed in 4% (36/946). Multivariable analysis identified positive pelvic nodes (odds ratio (OR) 24.2; p 50% MI (OR 5.3; p p =0.005) as the only three independent predictors of PAMR. When all three factors were absent (77% of study cohort), the predicted probability of PAMR was 0.6%. If intraoperative frozen section is not available on pelvic lymph nodes and LVSI, omitting PA LND in all patients with ≤50% MI would affect 84% (792/946) of the total cohort, with a 1.1% risk of PAMR (9/792). Conclusion The majority of patients with endometrioid EC may potentially forgo PA LND with expected reductions in surgical morbidity and cost. This cohort may be identified by a combined absence of: positive pelvic nodes, >50% MI and LVSI.
Designing STEM activities to complement neural development in children

This paper explores the effects of incorporating different modes of learning on neural development and suggests methods of maximizing the impact of hands-on activities designed by K-12 educators. The influence of relatively new technologies such as the internet and smart phones on problem solving is considered. Some examples of design activities that are built on holistic learning are presented.
Step-Level Reasoning and Bidding in Auctions

Step-level models of reasoning (SLR) proved to be very successful in predicting behavior in the beauty contest game. Recently, a quantified version of the model was suggested as a more general model of thinking. In particular, it was found that the distribution of choices could be represented by a Poisson distribution. I test the model in stylized first- and second-price common-value sealed-bid auctions. Equilibrium, for both auction types, prescribes that players undercut each other and profits are small. The SLR prediction, on the other hand, is different for the two auctions. Nash equilibrium predicts the outcomes poorly; the SLR model predicts the outcomes well in the second-price auction. However, while bids in the first-price auction could be represented by a Poisson distribution, this could not be attributed to step-level reasoning.
Ontogenic changes in isozyme patterns of Penaeus species

Abstract 1. 1. The electropherograms of four developmental stages, early protozoea, early mysis, early postlarva, and adult are compared. 2. 2. Eight enzyme stains and a Coomassie Blue stain were employed in the comparisons. 3. 3. The electropherograms exhibit differences among developmental stages and among species. Some stage-specific protein bands are present. 4. 4. Complexity of electropherogram pattern tends to increase with age in most of the staining systems.
The Elasticity of Demand for Gambling

The demand for gambling, 155.—Elasticity of demand, 156.—Demand for bookmaking in Nevada, 157.—Parimutuel betting, 158.—Price, tax, and state revenue, 160.
Strategies for longitudinal follow-up of patients with pediatric and congenital cardiac disease

Abstract Meaningful evaluation of the quality of medical and surgical care must include longitudinal follow-up. Long-term evaluation of the outcomes of patients undergoing cardiothoracic operations is a professional responsibility for all who provide care to these patients. Over the past decade, a substantial body of literature has been published related to the potential transformation of short-term clinical registries into platforms for longitudinal follow-up. This transformation will ultimately result in a higher quality of care for all cardiothoracic surgical patients by facilitating outcomes analysis, quality improvement, and clinical and longitudinal comparative effectiveness research on a national and international level. Several potential strategies will allow longitudinal follow-up to be conducted with clinical registries: (1) Linking with Administrative Data; (2) Linking with National Death Registries, such as the Social Security Death Master File (SSDMF) and the National Death Index (NDI); (3) Linking to other Clinical Registries; and (4) Creating Clinical Longitudinal Follow-up Modules. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the current state of the art of strategies for the longitudinal follow-up of patients with pediatric and congenital cardiac disease.
Relationship between structural modeling and hyperelastic material behavior: application to CNS white matter

Recent measurements of the material properties of brain tissue allow an examination of the underlying microstructural basis in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical relationship between microstructurally based models of the central nervous system (CNS) white matter and equivalent hyperelastic material models. For simplicity, time dependent material behavior is not included in this formulation. The microstructural representation is used to formulate structural property relationships for highly oriented white matter, and is mathematically compared to one isotropic and two anisotropic hyperelastic formulations. For the anisotropic characterizations, the population of axons in the white matter is assumed to align along one preferred direction of the material, yielding a transversely isotropic formulation. Relatively simple strain–energy functions incorporating material anisotropy provide sufficient flexibility to model the nonlinear behavior predicted from structurally based models, although the tangential stiffness of the hyperelastic approaches does not follow completely the behavior of the structurally based formulations. This analysis is an initial step towards linking microstructural aspects of the tissue to material models commonly used for large deformations, and may be an important step in relating predicted tissue deformation to the deformation and stress of cellular and subcellular structures.
From Quicksand to Crossroads: An Agnostic Perspective on Conversation

This paper attempts to facilitate conversation among organization scientists by advancing a philosophical perspective agnosticism that has been ignored in the recent subjective-objective debate. As agnostics, we suggest that the controversy may not be resolvable and that organization science can carry on in the absence of such resolution. We propose a series of concepts to guide the "post-debate" field, emphasizing that mutual striving for a "sense of accurate reception" SOAR can provide a crossroads for conversation among students of organizations. Suggestions for achieving SOAR are proposed.
Cells on chips

Microsystems create new opportunities for the spatial and temporal control of cell growth and stimuli by combining surfaces that mimic complex biochemistries and geometries of the extracellular matrix with microfluidic channels that regulate transport of fluids and soluble factors. Further integration with bioanalytic microsystems results in multifunctional platforms for basic biological insights into cells and tissues, as well as for cell-based sensors with biochemical, biomedical and environmental functions. Highly integrated microdevices show great promise for basic biomedical and pharmaceutical research, and robust and portable point-of-care devices could be used in clinical settings, in both the developed and the developing world.
Introduction to the special issue on job loss

Purpose – The primary purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the need for additional research on job loss. It also aims to provide an introduction to the special issue, and a description of the articles in it.Design/methodology/approach – The article highlights some of the important research on job loss since the early 1990s.Findings – Additional theory and research is needed to assist the well‐being and the job search process of the unemployed.Research limitations/ implications – This article offers suggestions on advancing new research ideas that can be used to assist individuals who have lost their jobs and to organizations that have been involved in a layoff.Practical implications – The article argues that knowledge related to the effects of job loss can be used to assist organizations in promoting programs to enhance the well‐being of laid‐off individuals.Social implications – Research on job loss is needed to address the problems of laid‐off individuals.Originality/value – The article p...
Caught With a Fake ID Ethical Questions About Slippage in Autoethnography

Autoethnographers strive to present truthful accounts, the essence of their experience, rather than the Truth or an objective account. There is mindful slippage between Truth and truthful. The author reflects on the emotional consequences of getting “lost” in the slippage of a former partner’s autoethno-graphic writing and contemplates the ethical questions that should be confronted about slippage when making decisions about what to leave in and/or what to leave out. An ethic of accountability for autoethnographic writing is outlined.
Sources of Tension in Teaching the Psychology of Women

This article examines sources of tension in teaching the psychology of women. The essential conflict is a clash of values between the traditional academic setting and a revolutionary, nontraditional curriculum area. The first major source of conflict identified involves the knowledge base of the field and includes debate over the definition of the field and the appropriateness of diverse processes of knowledge acquisition. The second major source of conflict discussed concerns the roles of teacher and student in the classroom context and the larger role of the teacher as a faculty member in a traditional academic institution. In each of these cases the issue of power is critical. Such conflicts are irreconcilable, for reconciliation would either do irreparable damage to the nature of the study of the psychology of women or would cut the field off from potential benefits to be gained from the academic discipline of psychology. However, several courses of action in the face of conflict and tension are prese...
Molecular simulation study of the assembly of DNA-functionalised nanoparticles: Effect of DNA strand sequence and composition

DNA functionalisation is a proven route to program an assembly of nanoparticles into a vast array of nanostructures. In this paper, we used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study DNA-functionalised nanoparticles and demonstrate the effect of grafted DNA strand composition, specifically the placement and number of contiguous G/C bases in the grafted DNA single strands, on the thermodynamics and structure of nanoparticle assembly at varying grafting densities and particle sizes. At a constant G/C content, nanoparticles assemble more readily when the G/C bases are placed on the outer or middle portions of the strands than on the inner portion. In addition, the number of neighbours within the assembled cluster decreases as the placement of the G/C bases goes from the outer to middle to inner sections of the strand. As the G/C content decreases, the cluster dissociation temperature, Td, decreases, as the enthalpic drive to assemble decreases. At a high G/C content (number of grafts and G/C plac...
The Cyclohexadienyl Radical in the Thermal Syn−Anti Isomerization of Two Crossed Pentaenes of the Type of Bis-Homofulvalene

To augment the elucidation of the dependence of enthalpy of stabilization on configuration among the pentadienyl radicals, a designer pentaene of the (Z,Z) type, (R,R)-5,5‘,6,6‘,7,7‘,8,8‘-octahydro-4a,4a‘-dimethyl-2,2‘-bi-4a(H)-naphthylidene, has been prepared and subjected to a kinetic study of cis, trans isomerization about its central double bond. The resulting activation parameters and those of a more complicated example, 3,3‘-bicholesta-1,4-dienylidene, are essentially identical, their mean values being ΔH⧧ = 36.8 kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = +1.8 eu. This enthalpy of activation is significantly higher than those of pentaenes of the (E,E) and (E,Z) configuration. Conjugative interaction in coplanar cross-conjugated systems of the bis-homofulvalene type not having been experimentally evaluated or estimated by theoretical calculation, an enthalpy of stabilization for the cyclohexadienyl radical is not definitively to be extracted at the present time. If conjugative interactions are to be equated to four Kistiako...
A randomized comparison of the safety and efficacy of once-daily Gentamicin or thrice-daily Gentamicin in combination with Ticarcillin-Clavulanate

Abstract Purpose: The primary purpose of the clinical trial was to assess the safety and efficacy of once-a-day compared with three-times-a-day gentamicin in patients with serious infections who had protocol-determined peak serum aminoglycoside concentrations. Patients and Methods: A total of 249 hospitalized patients with suspected or proven serious infections were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to gentamicin given three times a day with ticarcillin-clavulanate (TC), gentamicin once a day with TC, or ticarcillin-clavulanate (TC) alone. The gentamicin once-a-day dosage for patients with estimated creatinine clearance values of ≥80 mL/min was 5.1 mg/kg. With lower creatinine clearance estimates, the mg/kg dosage of gentamicin was decreased, and the dosage intervals (once daily or three times a day) were maintained. Evaluability required documentation of achievement of protocol-defined peak serum gentamicin levels. Results: Of the total 175 evaluable patients, there were no significant differences found between treatment regimens with respect to clinical or microbiologic efficacy. Bedside audiometry proved impractical due to the frequency of altered mental state in ill patients. Based on the traditional increase in serum creatinine values from baseline values, no differences in renal toxicity between the treatment groups was identified. When changes in renal function were reanalyzed based on maintaining, as opposed to worsening, of renal function, preservation of renal function was better in the gentamicin once-a-day patients as opposed to the gentamicin three-times-a-day patients, P Conclusions: Gentamicin once a day plus TC, gentamicin three times a day plus TC, and TC alone had similar effects in seriously ill hospitalized patients. The incidence of nephrotoxicity was similar in the three treatment groups. Using a nonvalidated post-hoc analysis, renal function was better preserved in gentamicin once-a-day + TC and TC-only patients as opposed to gentamicin three-times-a-day + TC.
Making Sense of Place: Mapping as a Multisensory Research Method

This article argues for the importance of mapping as a multisensory research method in terms of its ability to evoke relationships between place, lived experience, and community. Based on an interd...
Technology Education: Meeting the Needs of a Complex Society.

It is essential that today's students be prepared for life in an increasingly technological world. Here's a model for framing a technology education program, as well as an overview of some successful existing programs.
Band models and correlations for infrared radiation

Absorption of infrared radiation by various line and band models are briefly reviewed. Narrow band model relations for absorptance are used to develop 'exact' formulations for total absorption by four wide band models. Application of a wide band model to a particular gas largely depends upon the spectroscopic characteristic of the absorbing-emitting molecule. Seven continuous correlations for the absorption of a wide band model are presented and each one of these is compared with the exact (numerical) solutions of the wide band models. Comparison of these results indicate the validity of a correlation for a particular radiative transfer application. In radiative transfer analyses, use of continuous correlations for total band absorptance provides flexibilities in various mathematical operations.
An Analytic treatment for scintillation counter time resolution functions

Abstract Expressions are given for time response functions of scintillation counters employing a mathematical model to introduce various time spreads. It is shown that for exponential time spreads these functions are obtained in closed analytic form. The statistics are treated exactly and numerical values are given for several cases of interest.
Vocabulary test format and differential relations to age

Although vocabulary tests are generally considered interchangeable, regardless of format, different tests can have different relations to age and to other cognitive abilities. In this study, 4 vocabulary test formats were examined: multiple-choice synonyms, multiple-choice antonyms, produce the definition, and picture identification. Results indicated that, although they form a single coherent vocabulary knowledge factor, the formats have different relations to age. In earlier adulthood, picture identification had the strongest growth, and produce the definition had the weakest. In later adulthood, picture identification had the strongest decline, and multiple-choice synonyms had the least. The formats differed in their relation to other cognitive variables, including reasoning, spatial visualization, memory, and speed. After accounting for the differential relations to other cognitive variables, differences in relation to age were eliminated with the exception of differences for the picture identification test. No theory of the aging of vocabulary knowledge fully explains these findings. These results suggest that using a single indicator of vocabulary may yield incomplete and somewhat misleading results about the aging of vocabulary knowledge.
Effect of pulse dose cyclophosphamide on the anamnestic immune response in NZB/W mice.

Mice exhibiting a spontaneous SLE-like lethal autoimmunity (female NZB/W hybrids) were given monthy doses of cyclophosphamide (CPA) 240 mg/kg p.o. starting at four months of age. Antibodies to DNA and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were measured as well as general well being of the mice. The CPA-treated group demonstrated a marked increased in survival compared to the untreated controls with reduction of anti-DNA antibody levels but only a slight inhibition of the anamnestic response to SRBC immunization.
The direct teaching of critical thinking in grades four through six

A report of a two-part study involving an in-service instructional program designed to develop lesson plans for the teaching of critical thinking and the experimental evaluation of the teaching units produced.