cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilization of the soya husk in techno-agglomerates

The preservation of the environment bacame a fundamental practice nowadays all over the planet. Giving continuity to this ideology we researched an alternative material that uses quickly renewable natural resources for the production of agglomerate sheeting. In a strategic analysis of the possible materials that could be used for the production of agglomerate, we decided for the soy bean husks, for being a material of low cost, abundant and composed basically of fiber and cellulose. It confers a low density to the material and permits the agglomerate sheeting fabrication with varied densities. To obtain the agglomerate sheeting we took the following steps: - We used different soybean particle sizes besides the raw husk size; - We added tannin-formaldehyde glue to connect and waterproof the particles; - We carried out a compression and polymerization where we obtained quality sheeting, these being submitted to evaluation tests where we confirmed the applicability and efficiency of the soybean husk for agglomerate sheeting manufacturing. In the whole world, the research for new aggregate development has turned principally to synthetic materials or to the massive exploitation of non-renewable natural resources, while the use of the materials like soya husk, abundant and appropriate, can have a great tendency to minimize pollution, deforestation and final price products. This new technology turns the implantation of agglomerate producing industries viable, because the soya husk is derived from an amply implanted culture, which hold the concept of Zero Emission or whole usage of the prime material to the current application with low cost and high profitability.
The Morpho-Syntax-Phonology Interface in Complex Compounds

Although the interfaces of phonology with other components of grammar are usually examined as pairs (e.g., phonology–syntax or phonology–morphology interface), this paper considers cases where it is less obvious how the interfaces should be partitioned. Specifically, complex compounds that involve both morphological and syntactic structures (e.g., (an) all you can eat restaurant), are examined in English, and it is shown that despite their potentially considerable morphological and syntactic complexity, their phonology is relatively simple. The analysis is advanced within the framework of Prosodic Phonology, modified to allow certain constituent levels to be skipped in accordance with proposals to weaken the Strict Layer Hypothesis, but still excluding recursive structures. It is demonstrated that a prosodic constituent between the Phonological Word and Phonological Phrase, the Composite Group (e.g., Vogel 2009, forthcoming); is crucially required, and that it is this constituent that serves as the domain for compound structure and related phonological phenomena. Within the Composite Group, moreover, the potential morpho-syntactic complexity of compounds is mapped to relatively flat prosodic structures, where all that is required for the correct prominence patterns to emerge is a general prosodic template that accounts similarly for simple two-word compounds as well as for complex compounds.
Chapter 8 – Morphometric Outlines

Publisher Summary The study of shape variation has advanced from measuring simple linear distances to deriving geometric variables. The shift from traditional morphometrics to more complex geometric functions was facilitated by the development of image processing tools. Recently developed geometric approaches to morphometric analysis are generally categorized as either “landmark methods” or “outline methods.” Geometric outline methods quantify boundary shapes so that patterns of shape variation within and among groups can be evaluated. Patterns of variation in the shape of fish scales and otoliths as well as mollusc valves have been used to identify phenotypic stocks. Prior to the development of outline methods, researchers noted that otolith shape varied among stocks. However, efficient classification of fish to the correct stock requires quantification of shape and its variation. The most common outline method involves fitting a Fourier series to the point coordinates along the perimeter of a morphometric feature. Fourier coefficients are commonly used as multivariate observations for discriminant analysis, and several studies have successfully used Fourier transforms of scale or otolith shape for group discrimination of finfish stocks.
General Intelligence ( g ) and Heritability ( H 2 , h 2 )

As behavior geneticists we find ourselves in the unusual position of representing heredity in a book honoring a pioneer in early-childhood intervention. We are expected to assert the importance of genetics to researchers on the beneficial effects of environmental manipulation. This may not be a particularly popular position, but the facts of individual differences cannot be ignored. People are different, so simple developmental theories become impossible. At the same time, however, we work with behavior as a phenotype and can never forget its plasticity. Just as genotypic uniqueness thwarts hopes for simple theories of development, so the absence of genotype-phenotype isomorphism complicates analogous hopes for simple behavior-genetic analyses.
Augmentations, nilpotent ideals, and semisimplicity

In the first section we explore a few of the most fundamental properties of group algebras and their modules. One of our main points is the proof of Maschke’s Theorem, which tells us that if the characteristic of k does not divide the order of G, then every exact sequence of kG-modules splits and every kG-module is both projective and injective. Therefore the application of homological algebra is interesting only in the complementary case that the characteristic of the coefficient field k divides the order of the group G. We begin with an assortment of loosely related facts.
The As and Bs of HIV and Hepatitis Co-Infection

Hepatitis A and B co-infection among people living with HIV are public health challenges that account for an increasing degree of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the changing epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and new approaches to treatment and prevention continues to be important in the care of people living with HIV. We conducted a review of the literature that included studies on hepatitis A and HIV co-infection and hepatitis B and HIV co-infection, focusing on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention. Important updates include the changing epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks among the homeless and individuals who use substances, and novel approaches to hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis B cure strategies.
Tubo-Ovarian Abscesses in Nonsexually Active Adolescent Females: A Large Case Series.

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to review the incidence, presentation, and management of tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA) in nonsexually active (NSA) adolescents. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed at a single children's hospital. We evaluated self-reported NSA females aged Results Sixteen NSA females met inclusion criteria, with one patient presenting with two separate TOAs. Mean age at diagnosis was 14.6 ± 1.8 years; all were menarchal. Presenting symptoms included abdominal pain (88%), fever (76%), and vomiting (53%). Eleven patients (65%) received transabdominal pelvic ultrasound, 2 (12%) had magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, and 11 (65%) had computed tomography of abdomen/pelvis. All patients had negative gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Thirteen (76%) had comorbid disease including obstructed hemivagina ipsilateral renal agenesis, active or recent appendicitis, or genitourinary tract anomalies. Sixteen cases underwent drainage via interventional radiology or surgery. Twelve cases (71%) had TOA fluid cultured; five (29%) grew Escherichia coli species. All cases received intravenous antibiotics, and 88% of cases continued outpatient oral antibiotics. Conclusions Although uncommon in NSA females, patients with underlying comorbidities may be at increased risk for TOA formation. Providers should consider the diagnosis of TOA even in NSA females.
Resorcinarene Cavitand Polymers for the Remediation of Halomethanes and 1,4-Dioxane.

Disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes are commonly found in drinking water. Trihalomethanes are formed upon chlorination of natural organic matter found in many drinking water sources. In...
A Scalable Algorithm For Sparse Portfolio Selection

The sparse portfolio selection problem is one of the most famous and frequently-studied problems in the optimization and financial economics literatures. In a universe of risky assets, the goal is to construct a portfolio with maximal expected return and minimum variance, subject to an upper bound on the number of positions, linear inequalities and minimum investment constraints. Existing certifiably optimal approaches to this problem do not converge within a practical amount of time at real world problem sizes with more than 400 securities. In this paper, we propose a more scalable approach. By imposing a ridge regularization term, we reformulate the problem as a convex binary optimization problem, which is solvable via an efficient outer-approximation procedure. We propose various techniques for improving the performance of the procedure, including a heuristic which supplies high-quality warm-starts, a preprocessing technique for decreasing the gap at the root node, and an analytic technique for strengthening our cuts. We also study the problem's Boolean relaxation, establish that it is second-order-cone representable, and supply a sufficient condition for its tightness. In numerical experiments, we establish that the outer-approximation procedure gives rise to dramatic speedups for sparse portfolio selection problems.
Carnot’s Theory of Heat, and Kelvin’s Adoption of Which in Terms of Energy

MEH surmised work production to be resulting from the consumption of heat. Carnot demonstrated that work production is derived from the transfer of heat. Kelvin and Clausius were able to synthesize the two competing theories into one theory by incorporating Carnot’s theory to accord for what was meant by “consumption”. This chapter covers Carnot’s theory of heat and how Kelvin incorporated Carnot’s theory into the MTH in terms of absolute thermodynamic temperature, the Carnot–Kelvin formula, and the concept of available energy and the energy principle, which is Kelvin’s version of the second law of thermodynamics. That is, Kelvin formulated a thermodynamics theory in terms of energy: in terms of energy conservation and energy availability, as well as the universality in the direction of energy form transformation.
An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Disasters and Stress: The Promise of an Ecological Framework

This integrative literature review examines the sources of the persistent debate over the influence of disasters on individual mental health that characterizes the disaster research literature. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this paper highlights how the connections between individuals and the systems in which they are embedded influence people's varied responses to disaster. Consistent with the emerging emphasis in the social sciences on contextualizing individual behavior, this paper examines how family, community, social structural, cultural, and environmental factors affect the development of stress in disaster populations. It concludes with recommendations for policy, practice, and research related to disaster recovery.
Multivariate time series analysis of traffic congestion measures in urban areas as they relate to socioeconomic indicators

Abstract Traffic congestion has significant adverse implications for the environment and economy. Many state and local transportation agencies have implemented traffic congestion management practices to alleviate the negative implications of urban traffic. One of the major drawbacks of traffic congestion management practices is that they do not account for socio-demographic and economic factors, which have a significant impact on traffic congestion. Understanding the influence of these factors is very crucial because they can help to communicate the system's performance management and target setting. Only a few studies analyzed the relationship between traffic conditions (e.g., traffic demand and vehicular traveling speed) with a limited number of socio-economic factors. Moreover, most of the existing models ignore the temporal and spatial autocorrelations of traffic congestion, which may significantly limit their reliability and effectiveness. This study is developed with the purpose of identifying the most relevant external factors that affect traffic congestion performance measures. To conduct the research, we have used three urban congestion performance measures collected from 51 metropolitan areas across the U.S. over a four-year period, 2013–2016: travel time index, planning time index, and congested hours. We have used multivariate time series models to account for the complex inter-relationships among the performance measures and socioeconomic factors to identify the most influential factors affecting system performance. We have finally developed predictive models to estimate the traffic congestion measures using these factors. The results of rigorous modeling show that the factors influencing the traffic congestion measures are monthly average daily traffic (MADT), the number of employed, rental vacancy rate, building permits, fuel price index, and Economic Conditions Index (ECI). The prediction models indicated that the effects of these factors are statistically significant and could be used to forecast future trends in three performance measures accurately.
Review of Usage of Real-World Connected Vehicle Data:

GPS loggers and cameras aboard connected vehicles can produce vast amounts of data. Analysts can mine such data to decipher patterns in vehicle trajectories and driver–vehicle interactions. Ability...
69-P: EFFICIENT C1q LUMINEX TESTING BY INITIALLY SCREENING FOR DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODY BY THE SINGLE ANTIGEN LUMINEX ASSAY

Aim It is widely believed that complement fixing donor specific antibody is more clinically relevant than non-complement fixing antibody. However, the C1q assay, which is used to determine if there is complement fixing Donor Specific Antibody (DSA) is time consuming and expensive. We wanted to study if the Luminex Single Antigen (SA) MFI level is related to the presence of C1q fixing antibody. Methods Twelve kidney recipient sera, demonstrating a total of 29 anti-HLA DSAs by the SA assay (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA) were tested by the C1q assay (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA). Results Five of these sera demonstrated C1q fixing DSAs. The average MFI of the SA for these positive sera was 17,920. The average MFI of the SA for the sera not having C1q antibody specificities was 4776. There were three sera that had relatively high MFI values that were not positive by the C1q assay (MFI average 12,269) [Fig. 1]. Download full-size image Conclusions The strength of the MFI in classical Luminex SA testing has a high predictive value for positivity in the C1q assay. We found that sera with greater than 13,000 MFI by Luminex SA had a high probability of being positive by the C1q assay. Therefore, the use of the classical Luminex SA assay to determine the strength of the MFI is beneficial to determine if reflex C1q testing is warranted.
Policing Strategies and Potential Targets: The Influence of Gentrification and Crime on the Stoppage of Blacks and Hispanics in New York City

This research examines the influence gentrification and crime exert on Black and Hispanic stops in New York City. The stoppage of minorities remains one of the country’s more contentious topics as ...
Multi-task Learning of Spoken Language Understanding by Integrating N-Best Hypotheses with Hierarchical Attention

Currently, in spoken language understanding (SLU) systems, the automatic speech recognition (ASR) module produces multiple interpretations (or hypotheses) for the input audio signal and the natural language understanding (NLU) module takes the one with the highest confidence score for domain or intent classification. However, the interpretations can be noisy, and solely relying on one interpretation can cause information loss. To address the problem, many research works attempt to rerank the interpretations for a better choice while some recent works get better performance by integrating all the hypotheses during prediction. In this paper, we follow the way of integrating hypotheses but strengthen the training mode by involving more tasks, some of which may be not in existing tasks of NLU but relevant, via multi-task learning or transfer learning. Moreover, we propose the Hierarchical Attention Mechanism (HAM) to further improve the performance with the acoustic-model features like confidence scores, which are ignored in the current hypotheses integration models. The experimental results show that compared to the standard estimation with one hypothesis, the multi-task learning with HAM can improve the domain and intent classification by relatively 19% and 37%, which are much higher than improvements with current integration or reranking methods. To illustrate the cause of improvements brought by our model, we decode the hidden representations of some utterance examples and compare the generated texts with hypotheses and transcripts. The comparison shows that our model could recover the transcription by integrating the fragmented information among hypotheses and identifying the frequent error patterns of the ASR module, and even rewrite the query for a better understanding, which reveals the characteristic of multi-task learning of broadcasting knowledge.
When an Aging Spouse Has Dementia: Impact of a Home-Based Intervention on Marital Communication.

Researchers tested the impact of a 10-week intervention, Communicating About Relationships and Emotions (CARE), on misunderstandings and resolutions in marital communication between spouses affecte...
Predicting segregation of nonspherical particles

Most natural and industrial flows involve mixtures of nonspherical particle species. A general approach to predicting segregation over the infinite space of all possible particle shapes and sizes seems, at first glance, to be impossible. Surprisingly, we find that for a broad range of binary particle mixtures composed primarily of pairs of disks and rods with different aspect ratios, but also cylinders combined with spheres and cubes, shape plays only a minor role. Instead, the primary driver of segregation is the volume ratio of the two species.
Clinical Outcome of Pediatric Ewing sarcoma and Significance of Pathological Necrosis for Mortality after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Single Institutional Study

Purpose: Tumor necrosis and histopathological changes in Ewing sarcoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy are important predictors of disease outcome. The aim of our study is to determine the clinical outcome and significance of pathological necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy as it has not been reported in our country so far. Methods: Data was reviewed after IRB approval from January 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed for patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma on histopathology and less than 20 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Results: A Total of 124 patients were included, in which 89 patients (72%) were non metastatic and 35 patients were metastatic (28%). Histopathology report after doing surgery showed Little or no (Grade 1 ) necrosis seen in 14 patients (11%) and 50-90% (Grade II) necrosis seen in 9 patients (7%), 90-99% (Grade III) necrosis seen in 8 patients (5.5%), and 100% (Grade IV) necrosis in 14 patients (11%). EFS of grade 4 necrosis was 93%, grade-3 71%, grade- 2 22% and grade-1 35%. OS of grade 4 necrosis was 93%, grade -3 75%, grade-2 25 % and grade-1 50%. EFS of Ewing sarcoma patients were 38% and OS was 38%. Conclusion: Tumor necrosis and histopathological changes after surgery has great impact on survival outcome in Ewing Sarcoma. Continuous....
Territorial and Maritime Boundary Disputes in Asia

Territorial disputes involve a state’s national sovereignty and territorial integrity—its core interests. Historically, they have been the most common issue over which states collide and go to war. Since 1945, Asia has been more prone to conflict over territory and maritime boundaries than other regions in the world. Asia accounts for the greatest number of disputes over territory that have become militarized and that have escalated into interstate wars. Disputes in Asia have also been resistant to settlement, accounting for the lowest rate of settlement when compared with other regions. Most importantly, Asia today has far more territorial disputes than any other part of the world. When combined with the rise of new powers, which are involved in multiple territorial disputes, such conflicts are poised to become an increasing source of tension and instability in the region. This is a draft version of a chapter that appears in Saadia Pekkanen, Rosemary Foot, and John Ravenhill, The Oxford Handbook of the International Relations of Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014). The author thanks Paul Huth for generously making available his data on territorial disputes. Peter G. Swartz provided expert research assistance.
Lewis Bases Trigger Intramolecular CH–Bond Activation: (tBu3SiO)2W=NtBu [rlhar2] (tBu3SiO)(κO,κC‐tBu2SiOCMe2CH2)HW=NtBu

The symmetry-forbidden cyclometalation of (silox)2W=NtBu (1, silox = OSitBu3) to (silox)(tBuN)W(H)(κO,κC-OSitBu2CMe2CH2) (2) was investigated by kinetics [ΔH‡ = 19.2(9) kcal/mol; ΔS‡ = –23(3) eu; ΔG‡(25 °C) = 26.1(10) kcal/mol], isotopic labeling {[D54]1 [D54]2; kH/kD = 2.7(4)}, and equilibrium studies [ΔH° = –6.7(3) kcal/mol; ΔS° = –12.1(8) eu; ΔG°(25 °C) = –3.1(4) kcal/mol]. The crystal structure of 2 reveals a pseudo-square-pyramidal structure that can be viewed as a distorted tetrahedron with the W–H and W–C bonds occupying one site. The addition of H2 (or D2) to 1 proceeds similarly to afford (silox)2(tBuN=)WH2 (3), and the addition of H2 to 2 also affords 3, but labeling experiments show that it proceeds via 1. Phosphane bases with cone angles < 160° trigger the cyclometalation of 1 to 2 in < 5 min, and PMe3 catalyzed the dihydrogen addition to 1. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations support the experimental findings and show that Lewis bases promote σ/π mixing. The experimentally observed intermediate (silox)2(tBuN=)WPMe3 (1-PMe3) has a (dyz)2 (i.e., π2) ground state in contrast to the (d)2 (i.e., σ2) configuration of 1. The σ/π mixing circumvents the constraints of orbital symmetry for both cyclometalation and dihydrogen addition.
Management and Leadership in Social Work Practice and Education Edited by Leon Ginsberg

There is a demonstrated need to build the next generation of human service managers and leaders. Leon Ginsburg's edited book, Management and Leadership in Social Work Practice and Education, addres...
EFFECT OF TALL VEGETATIONS ON FLOW AND SEDIMENT

A mathematical model to estimate the resistance of flow due to various groupings of tall vegetations (such as trees on flood plains) on the order of flow depth is given. The relative effect of various groupings of tall vegetation on the reduction of sediment yields based on reduction of flow rates is studied. This should be rather useful in determining the relative effect on flow rates and sediment yields by clear cutting and other selective cutting of forest timber.
Evidence that plasma lipoproteins inhibit the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex by a different mechanism that extrinsic pathway inhibitor

Factor VIIa participates in blood clotting by activating factor X and/or factor IX by limited proteolysis. The proteolytic activity of factor VIIa is absolutely dependent on a lipoprotein cofactor designated tissue factor. We have examined the ability of purified preparations of human plasma high density, low density and very low density lipoproteins, as well as apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, to inhibit the factor VIIa-tissue factor mediated activation of either factor X or factor IX before and after treatment of the lipoprotein preparation with polyclonal antibody directed against partially- purified human plasma extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI). In the absence of anti-EPI IgG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and apolipoprotein A-II noncompetitively inhibited factor X activation by factor VIIa-tissue factor with apparent Ki values of 3.39 mumol/L, 124 nmol/L, 33 nmol/L, and 10.5 mumol/L, respectively. Apolipoprotein A-I had no effect on this reaction. The inhibitory activity of HDL, LDL, VLDL, and apolipoprotein A-II in this reaction was unaffected by the presence of high levels of anti-EPI IgG. In the absence of exogenous factor Xa, none of the lipoproteins studied inhibited the activation of factor IX using the tritiated peptide release assay. In the presence of added factor Xa (1 nmol/L), LDL and VLDL, but not HDL and apolipoprotein A- II, inhibited the activation of factor IX by factor VIIa-tissue factor. This inhibition was completely blocked by prior incubation of the lipoprotein with anti-EPI IgG indicating association of EPI with these particles. Taken collectively, our data indicate that HDL, LDL, and VLDL, at or below their plasma concentration, each selectively inhibits the factor VIIa-tissue factor mediated activation of factor X by a mechanism that appears to be distinct from extrinsic pathway inhibitor. These lipoproteins may not only play a role in the regulation of extrinsic blood coagulation, but may also selectively promote the activation of factor IX by factor VIIa-tissue factor in vivo at low tissue factor concentrations.
Quasi-Static, Fatigue and Fracture Behavior of Aluminum Alloy Composite Used in Brake Drums

In this paper the results of a study aimed at investigating and understanding the quasi-static, cyclic fatigue properties and final fracture behavior of an aluminum alloy reinforced with particulates of ceramic, a viable candidate for use in brake drums of emerging automobiles, is highlighted. The processing treatment used to engineer the aluminum alloy composite is detailed. Specimens of both the aluminum composite and the preform that was used to engineer the composite were deformed in both tension and cyclic fatigue over a range of maximum stress in the room temperature, laboratory air environment and the number of cycles-to-failure was recorded. The stress-fatigue life response of the aluminum alloy composite is compared with the preform. Both the quasi-static and cyclic fatigue fracture surfaces of the deformed and failed samples were comprehensively examined in a scanning electron microscope to reveal the macroscopic fracture mode and to concurrently characterize the intrinsic features on the fracture surfaces.
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis: methodological considerations.

To the Editor: In contrast to several previously published studies,1–3⇓⇓ the one by Caligiuri et al4 failed to observe an accelerating effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection on atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. There are several critical differences in experimental design that likely account for these contrasting observations. In their initial studies, Caligiuri et al4 administered a single, nonpurified, low titer dose of C pneumoniae (1×106 ifu/mouse). This method is in contrast to the other studies where multiple inoculations of higher titers of purified C pneumoniae (5×106 to 3×107 ifu/mouse) were administered at intervals of 1 or 2 weeks. We have previously demonstrated that a single inoculation in animals at 8 weeks of age does not produce a sustained infection in the aorta, whereas multiple inoculations lead …
Cost-effective, Reusable, Leak-resistant Ultrasound-guided Vascular Access Trainer.

Abstract Background Ultrasound guidance for insertion of a peripheral venous catheter is becoming common practice in many emergency departments in the difficult-to-access patient, and simulation has become an important tool for health care practitioners to learn this technique. Commercial trainers are expensive, and low-cost alternatives described to date provide a sub-optimal training experience. We introduce ballistics gel as a new material for the creation of simulating phantoms. Materials and Methods Directions describe construction of a simulating phantom composed of 10% ballistic gelatin and commonly available latex tubing. The model's success as used by one residency training program and medical school is described. Results Cost per phantom was $22.83, with less than an hour preparation time per phantom. We found these phantoms to offer a comparable user experience to commercially available products and better than other homemade products. Discussion Ballistics gel is a novel material for production of simulation phantoms that provides a low-cost, realistic simulation experience. The clear gel material works well for novice learners, and opacifying agents can be added to increase difficulty for more advanced learners. The material offers flexibility in design to make models for a broad range of skill instruction. Conclusion A relatively quick and easy process using ballistics gel allowed us to create a simulation experience similar to commercially available trainers at a fraction of the cost.
Single-dose versus multidose cardioplegia in neonatal hearts

We designed an experiment to compare single-dose versus multidose cardioplegia (calcium 0.3 mmol/L) in neonatal rabbit hearts 1, 4 and 6 weeks of age at 25° C and 32° C. Isolated hearts had a stabilization period of retrograde perfusion, a working period, a period of ischemia with single or multidose cardioplegia, reperfusion, and a final working period. We measured hemodynamic recovery, creatine kinase during reperfusion, and coronary vascular resistance during administration of the cardioplegic solution. One-week and 4-week-old hearts exhibited better recovery with single-dose than with multidose cardioplegia. Six-week-old hearts, on the other hand, showed better recovery with multidose cardioplegia. Four-week-old hearts at 25° C showed increased creatine kinase release with multidose cardioplegia. The 6-week-old hearts tended toward lower creatine kinase release with multidose cardioplegia. Coronary vascular resistance rose with subsequent administrations in 1-week and 4-week-old hearts at 25° C but did not rise in 1- and 4-week-old hearts at 32° C or in 6-week-old hearts at either temperature. On the basis of hemodynamic recovery, single-dose cardioplegia appears to provide better protection than multidose cardioplegia to 1- and 4-week-old isolated rabbit hearts. Once the rabbit has reached 6 weeks of age, multidose cardioplegia has some advantage over single-dose cardioplegia, similar to the findings in adult hearts. Creatine kinase release and coronary vascular resistance data corroborate the hemodynamic findings.
A model of teen-friendly care for young women with negative pregnancy test results.

This article provides an approach to helping sexually active adolescents prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. A clinical interview assesses the teen's interest in pregnancy or contraception, the influence of the partner, and communication patterns with parent(s). Transtheoretical counseling strategies in delaying pregnancy and preventing STIs are matched with the teen's stage of readiness for pregnancy or contraception determined in the assessment. Social cognitive counseling is designed to enhance behavioral and social skills specific to pregnancy and STI prevention with the use of scenarios, modeling of skills, and decision-making strategies. Teen-friendly reproductive health care involves providing a psychosocial assessment, pelvic exam, necessary STI screening, contraceptive teaching, the method of contraception chosen by the teen, and frequent follow-up visits.
Advances in the Biological Applications of Optical Micromanipulation

This presentation will describe some of our recent work at the interface of optics and microfluidics, the development of techniques at this interface, and application of these methods towards studying problems in chemistry and biology.
Seasonal changes in body component indices and chemical composition in the pismo clam Tivela stultorum

Abstract 1. 1. The body-component indices (ratio of component wet weight to the total wet weight) in Tivela stultorum remained relatively constant throughout the year except for a high gonad index during breeding when the fluid index decreased. 2. 2. The tissue protein level remained much the same throughout the year except for lower values in the gonads when they had accumulated carbohydrate and higher values during gametogenesis. 3. 3. The tissue lipid level was relatively low, being highest in digestive gland and gravid ovary. 4. 4. The tissue carbohydrate level was relatively high, especially in immature gonads. 5. 5. The gonads appear to accumulate their nutrient reserves for gametogenesis independently of other body components.
Use of immunoglobulin light chain analysis to detect bone marrow involvement in B-cell neoplasms.

Abstract Double-blind analysis of bone marrow specimens from 15 patients with B-cell neoplasms and 10 controls was performed to determine whether immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain analysis (LCA) of bone marrow lymphoid cells is a more sensitive indicator of bone marrow involvement than light microscopic (LM) examination. Bone marrow aspirates were evaluated by a two-color immunofluorescence (IF) microscopic technique to determine the ratio of κ-bearing lymphocytes to λ-bearing lymphocytes ( κ λ ratio). Both bone marrow aspirate and biopsy specimens were reviewed by LM. Abnormal κ λ ratios implied bone marrow involvement in 9 10 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 4 4 cases of multiple myeloma (MM), and 1 1 case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). All MM and WM cases had evidence for involvement by LM. Two NHL patients with abnormal κ λ ratios had normal bone marrow morphology. LCA implied bone marrow involvement in 4 5 NHL patients with equivocal LM evaluations and in 3 3 cases with clear morphologic involvement. These data suggest that combined LCA and LM evaluation represent a more objective and inclusive method to detect bone marrow involvement in B-cell neoplasms than LM alone.
The actions of verapamil at the neuromuscular junction

1. 1. The actions of the calcium channel blocker verapamil were studied at the neuromuscular junction of the frog Rana pipiens. 2. 2. In the presence of 50 μM verapamil, subthreshold endplate potentials were produced, and the quantal content was reduced by a factor of 3. 3. 3. Verapamil (10–50μM) also reduced the postjunctional membrane sensitivity as measured by (a) carbachol iontophoresis and (b) miniature endplate potential amplitude. In addition, verapamil had a strong inhibitory effect on the postjunctional membrane response to repetitive iontophoretic application of carbachol. 4. 4. Thus, verapamil has both pre- and postsynaptic actions at the neuromuscular junction.
Effect of temperature on biochemical functions in the isolated perfused rat liver

Abstract Livers from starved rats were perfused at 37 to 45°C for 2 hr. Gluconeogenesis, lactate and O 2 consumption, ketogenesis, and urea formation were studied in perfusate samples taken after substrates were added to the perfusate. Biosynthetic capacity was maintained from 37 to 42°C, after which a significant decline occurred between 42 and 43°C suggesting deterioration of the functional integrity of the liver. Lactate utilization by the liver was altered by hyperthermia. The effect of heat on ketone body formation in the presence and absence of palmitate was studied. Endogenous ketone body formation was low but remained unchanged from 37 to 43°C; a significant decrease in ketone body formation occurred in the presence of palmitate between 41 and 43°C. The ratio of 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate was significantly decreased by hyperthermic temperatures in the presence or absence of palmitate; however, at all temperatures studied the ratio obtained with added palmitate remained higher than that obtained in livers perfused without palmitate. It is suggested that palmitate may attenuate the detrimental effects of hyperthermia on hepatic function.
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in Aedes aegypti

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes from Aedes aegypti were separated by acrylamide electrophoresis. Five isoenzymes were found in the head, abdomen, and thorax with those moving fastest (LDH 1 and LDH 2) located predominantly in the head. The slow moving isoenzymes (LDH 4 and LDH 5) were found in high concentrations in both the abdomen and thorax. In whole mosquito extracts, the relative activities of LDH 1 and LDH 2 decreased while the slow moving LDH 4 and LDH 5 increased in relative activity as the mosquito became older. Following a blood meal, both the relative and specific activities of LDH 1 and LDH 2 rose sharply while the specific activity of LDH 4 and LDH 5 remained constant. It seems likely that the blood meal stimulates the genetic loci which regulate the synthesis of the H subunits of LDH. However, the loci which regulate synthesis of the M subunits do not appear to be affected.
Gas permeation properties of copolyetherimide based on 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) benzene dianhydride

Abstract A series of aromatic homo- and copolyetherimides was prepared from 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) benzene dianhydride with 2,4,6-trimethyl phenylenediamine, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-methylene dianiline, and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. The gas permeability coefficients of the copolyetherimides to H2, CO2, O2, N2 and CH4 were measured under 10 atm and at 30°C. A significant change in the permeability and permselectivity resulting from the systematic variation in chemical composition was found. The experimental values of the gas permeability coefficients and permselectivity coefficients of the copolyetherimides are in satisfactory agreement with the values estimated from the gas permeability coefficients of the constituent homopolyimides and their weight fractions.
Interferometric lithography—from periodic arrays to arbitrary patterns

Interferometric lithography is a simple technology for the production of very small features. Using I-line wavelength laser sources (364-nm Ar-ion or 355-nm tripled YAG lasers) dense (1:1 line:space ratio) periodic structures at 0.125-μm have been demonstrated. Mix-and-match with optical lithography has been demonstrated. Imaging interferometric lithography, a true integration between optical and interferometric lithographies, potentially provides a route to arbitrary structures with a resolution up to 130 nm (dense patterns) at I-line and 65 nm at a 193 nm exposure wavelength.
Extending Radiative Transfer Models by Use of Bayes Rule

This paper presents a procedure that extends some existing radiative transfer modeling techniques to problems in atmospheric science where curvature and layering of the medium and dynamic range and angular resolution of the signal are important. Example problems include twilight and limb scan simulations. Techniques that are extended include successive orders of scattering, matrix operator, doubling, Gauss-Seidel iteration, discrete ordinates and spherical harmonics. The procedure for extending them is based on Bayes' rule from probability theory.
Research Notes. Effects of Work Redesign on Employee Perceptions, Attitudes, and Behaviors: A Long-Term Investigation

This study investigated the long-term effects of work redesign on a number of perceptual, attitudinal, and behavioral variables. For the experimental group, 526 bank tellers, attitudinal variables initially improved, but then declined to previous levels. Performance showed no change after 6 months but significant improvements after 24 and 48 months.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel cyclic Peptide inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1.

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) selectively removes methyl groups from mono- and dimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), resulting in gene silencing. LSD1 is overexpressed in many human cancers, resulting in aberrant silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, LSD1 is a validated target for the discovery of antitumor agents. Using a ligand-based approach, we designed and synthesized a series of cyclic and linear peptides that are effective inhibitors of LSD1. Linear peptide 7 and cyclic peptide 9 inhibited LSD1 in vitro by 91 and 94%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM. Compound 9 was a potent LSD1 inhibitor (IC50 2.1 μM; Ki 385 nM) and had moderate antitumor activity in the MCF-7 and Calu-6 cell lines in vitro. Importantly, 9 is significantly more stable to hydrolysis in rat plasma than the linear analogue 7. The cyclic peptides described herein represent important lead structures in the search for inhibitors of flavin-dependent histone demethylases.
Low-Temperature MCD Studies of Low-Spin Ferric Complexes of Tetramesitylporphyrinate: Evidence for the Novel (dxz,dyz) 4(dxy)1 Ground State Which Models the Spectroscopic Properties of Heme d

Low-temperature MCD spectra were recorded for the bis 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (1), bis(1-methylimidazole) (2), and bis(4-cyanopyridine) (3) complexes of ferric tetramesitylporphyrinate. The ground state electronic configuration is formally (dxy)2(dxz,dyz)3 for both 1 and 2, but these two complexes give rise to near-infrared porphyrin(π) → ferric(d) charge transfer bands (NIR-CT) with very different MCD intensities. These intensity differences are correlated with the symmetry imposed on the ferric ion by different relative orientations of the ligand planes in these two complexes. Near perpendicular ligand planes in 1 result in effective 4-fold symmetry at the ferric ion and intense NIR-CT MCD while parallel ligand planes in 2 give rise to relatively weak NIR-CT MCD. Complex 3 has perpendicularly orientated ligands but displays an axial EPR spectrum with unusual g-values and anomalously weak MCD transitions not only in the NIR but also across the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. It is argued that thes...
Monotonic generation of positive random variables

This paper presents methods to invert efficiently the distribution function of an arbitrary positive random variable. Such methods preserve the monotonic relationship between the random variable and the uniform deviate which generates it. This relationship is necessary to reduce the variance of an estimator in simulation experiments. For discrete distributions, an indexed search method is employed utilizing variable spaced cutpoints. For continuous distributions, a piecewise continuous increasing quadratic spline is fit to prespecified values of the inverse distribution function. The index number of the piece is then generated by the indexed search method. The spacing of the cutpoints for the search is chosen to minimize the expected number of comparisons required per variate generated.
HEDTA-nitrilotriacetic acid chelator-buffered nutrient solution for zinc deficiency evaluation in rice

Chelator-buffering methods with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenedinitrilotriacetic acid (HEDTA) are used to elucidate Poaceae growth response to micronutrient metal activities including (Zn 2+ ), but reliable hydroponic methods that maintain stable (Zn 2+ ) for evaluating Zn deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have not been reported. The objective was to develop a chelator-buffered method that gauges rice growth response to (Zn 2+ ) in an otherwise chemically stable environment. Using GEOCHEM-PC to estimate solution activities, an aerobic HEDTA-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) dual-chelator method was developed that imposed five (Zn 2+ ) levels on cv. IR-36 seedlings for 21 d after transplanting (DAT) in a growth chamber. Control of pH 5.50 ± 0.05 using 3.0 mM2-(4-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid (MES) combined with periodic adjustment was critical to preserving target (Zn 2+ ). Solution treatments ranged from Zn deficient, where (Zn 2+ ) = 10 -10.0 M (0.25 μM total chelated Zn), to fully Zn sufficient where (Zn 2+ ) = 10 -8.8 M (4.00 μM total chelated Zn). Using 200.0 μM total chelated Fe(III), adequate Fe was maintained at (Fe 3+ ) = 10 -14.3 M. Phosphorous supply was controlled to prevent toxic P accumulation at low (Zn 2+ ). With increasing (Zn 2+ ), total biomass at 21 d ranged from 0.94 to 1.90 g plant -1 . Shoot Zn responded to (Zn 2+ ), not total chelated Zn 2+ , and roots responded similarly. Critical (Zn 2+ ) for normal growth was 10 -9.1 M, and leaf Zn-deficiency symptoms were observed at (Zn 2+ ) ≤10 -9.4 M (≤28 mg Zn kg -1 shoot). The HEDTA-NTA method provides a rapid and reliable means for evaluating Zn deficiency tolerance in IR-36 via diagnostic visual and physical symptoms in response to a range of (Zn 2+ ) levels.
SU-E-T-376: 3-D Commissioning for An Image-Guided Small Animal Micro- Irradiation Platform

Purpose: A 3-D radiochromic plastic dosimeter has been used to cross-test the isocentricity of a high resolution image-guided small animal microirradiation platform. In this platform, the mouse stage rotating for cone beam CT imaging is perpendicular to the gantry rotation for sub-millimeter radiation delivery. A 3-D dosimeter can be used to verify both imaging and irradiation coordinates. Methods: A 3-D dosimeter and optical CT scanner were used in this study. In the platform, both mouse stage and gantry can rotate 360° with rotation axis perpendicular to each other. Isocentricity and coincidence of mouse stage and gantry rotations were evaluated using star patterns. A 3-D dosimeter was placed on mouse stage with center at platform isocenter approximately. For CBCT isocentricity, with gantry moved to 90°, the mouse stage rotated horizontally while the x-ray was delivered to the dosimeter at certain angles. For irradiation isocentricity, the gantry rotated 360° to deliver beams to the dosimeter at certain angles for star patterns. The uncertainties and agreement of both CBCT and irradiation isocenters can be determined from the star patterns. Both procedures were repeated 3 times using 3 dosimeters to determine short-term reproducibility. Finally, dosimeters were scanned using optical CT scanner to obtain the results. Results: The gantry isocentricity is 0.9 ± 0.1 mm and mouse stage rotation isocentricity is about 0.91 ± 0.11 mm. Agreement between the measured isocenters of irradiation and imaging coordinates was determined. The short-term reproducibility test yielded 0.5 ± 0.1 mm between the imaging isocenter and the irradiation isocenter, with a maximum displacement of 0.7 ± 0.1 mm. Conclusion: The 3-D dosimeter can be very useful in precise verification of targeting for a small animal irradiation research. In addition, a single 3-D dosimeter can provide information in both geometric and dosimetric uncertainty, which is crucial for translational studies.
Reducing the impact of viral respiratory infections in children

This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical aspects of the major viral causes of upper and lower respiratory tract disease in children. Particular emphasis is placed on prevention and control of viral disease through the use of vaccines and antiviral agents. Evolution of new viral pathogens, such as avian influenza virus and the SARS-CoV, are discussed.
Carbohydrate Analysis of an Interspecific Hybrid between Onion and Garlic

Carbohydrates from the bulb tissues of a hybrid between onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) were fractionated into 70% ethanol-soluble and insoluble fractions. The substantial soluble fraction comprised a range of fructans, and the insoluble fraction contained large amounts of pectic substances (including 4-linked galactan) and highly branched xyloglucan, which is characteristic of dicotyledons rather than of monocotyledons in the cell-wall composition. The carbohydrates from the hybrid showed characteristics intermediate between onion and garlic.