cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contextual Influences on Leadership and Teamwork in Surgical Operating Rooms: A Qualitative Study

Error rates in surgery are high relative to other areas of healthcare, with preventable errors more likely to be related to nontechnical issues such as failures in teamwork. Drawing on 34 semi-stru...
Contaminant Gradients in Trees: Directional Tree Coring Reveals Boundaries of Soil and Soil-Gas Contamination with Potential Applications in Vapor Intrusion Assessment

Contaminated sites pose ecological and human-health risks through exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater. Whereas we can readily locate, monitor, and track contaminants in groundwater, it is harder to perform these tasks in the vadose zone. In this study, tree-core samples were collected at a Superfund site to determine if the sample-collection location around a particular tree could reveal the subsurface location, or direction, of soil and soil-gas contaminant plumes. Contaminant-centroid vectors were calculated from tree-core data to reveal contaminant distributions in directional tree samples at a higher resolution, and vectors were correlated with soil-gas characterization collected using conventional methods. Results clearly demonstrated that directional tree coring around tree trunks can indicate gradients in soil and soil-gas contaminant plumes, and the strength of the correlations were directly proportionate to the magnitude of tree-core concentration gradients (spearman’s coefficient of −0...
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Knee in Patients with an Elevated Body Mass Index

ObjectiveTo characterize the graft survivorship and clinical outcomes of osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) of the knee in patients with an elevated body mass index (BMI).DesignProspecti...
Surgery, Brachytherapy, or External Beam Radiation for Low- and Intermediate-Risk Disease?

Low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer represents about 80 % of all prostate cancer diagnosed in the United States. Despite this, there are no comparative clinical trials. The medical practitioner is left with the task of sifting through the literature to determine the optimal choice for a particular patient based on data that is not easily interpreted. The data that needs to be reviewed must include toxicity and efficacy. We will screen and collate the best available data to construct a discussion of the available options relative to these outcomes and highlight the variables that affect an individual patient’s appropriateness for a specific therapy.
Three recognition events at the branch-site adenine

An adenosine at the branch site, the nucleophile for the first transesterification step of splicing, is nearly invariant in mammalian pre-mRNA introns. The chemical groups on the adenine base were varied systematically and assayed for formation of early spliceosome complexes and execution of the first and second steps of splicing. Recognition of constituents of the adenine is critical in formation of a U2 snRNP-containing complex on a minimal branch-site oligonucleotide. Furthermore, the efficiencies of the first and second chemical steps have different dependencies on the functional groups of the adenine. In total, the chemical groups on the adenine base at the branch site are differentially recognized during at least three different processes in the splicing of pre-mRNA. Moreover, a protein, p14, interacts with the adenine in a base-specific fashion and may mediate early recognition of this base.
Prognostic immune markers for recurrence and survival in locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma.

50Background: Treatment options and risk stratification for esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) primarily rely on clinical and pathological criteria, such as tumor stage and pathological response (PR)...
Improving Nutrition Practices for Critically Ill Postoperative Heart Transplant and Ventricular Assist Device Implant Patients

Purpose Patients undergoing orthotropic heart transplantation (OHT) and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation may be challenging to feed postoperatively in the setting of cardiac dysfunction requiring high-dose vasoactive support. Variability in enteral nutrition (EN) practices in this setting is associated with onset of malnutrition and severe gastrointestinal (GI) complications such as bowel ischemia. Currently, there is limited guidance for nutrition in postoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients with significant hemodynamic compromise. To address the need for optimizing nutrition in this patient population, we created High Risk Enteral Nutrition Guidelines (HRENG) to provide postoperative nutritional guidance regarding EN route, timing, formula, feeding rate/progression, monitoring, and energy targets for EN and TPN in hemodynamically unstable OHT and LVAD patients. Methods HRENG were utilized in critically ill postoperative OHT and VAD implant patients that met at least two of the following criteria: cardiogenic shock, ECMO cannulation, low cardiac output on high dose vasopressor support, open chest, intubation >48 hours and signs of end organ dysfunction. Retrospective chart review was conducted on eligible OHT and LVAD patients for the 15 months prior to and following the implementation of HRENG at our institution. Data was collected regarding adherence to the guidelines and incidence of bowel ischemia. Results There were 26 eligible patients who underwent OHT and LVAD prior to initiating HRENG. Analysis of these revealed inconsistent postoperative feeding practices and 5 cases (19.2%) of bowel ischemia. After implementing HRENG, 28 patients OHT (n=11) and LVAD (n=17) met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 57.1 years, 38% ischemic, 38% women. 3/17 of LVAD patients had HM3; 14/17 had HVAD. Adherence to HRENG was achieved in 25/28 (89.2%) of patients. Of the 25 patients with adherence to HRENG, there were no cases (0%) of bowel ischemia. Of the 3 patients with nonadherence to these guidelines, 2 (66.67%) developed bowel ischemia. Conclusion Implementation of postoperative nutrition guidelines targeted for hemodynamically unstable OHT and VAD implantation patients may align feeding practices and reduce the incidence of ischemic GI complications.
China's Evolving Exchange Rate Regime1

China’s exchange rate regime has undergone gradual reform since the move away from a fixed exchange rate in 2005. The renminbi has become more flexible over time but is still carefully managed, and depth and liquidity in the onshore FX market is relatively low compared to other countries with de jure floating currencies. Allowing a greater role for market forces within the existing regime, and greater two-way flexibility of the exchange rate, are important steps to build on the progress already made. This should be complemented by further steps to develop the FX market, improve FX risk management, and modernize the monetary policy framework.
New Algorithm for Korenberg-Billings Model of Nonlinear System Identification

A new algorithm is presented here for nonlinear system identification based on input and output relationship by a cascade structure of dynamic linear(L), static nonlinear(N), and dynamic linear(L) subsystems, or the Korenberg-Billings (K-B) Model. It uses a series of multilevel inputs to separate the Volterra components in the output signal and then uses Flethcer-Reeves method to minimize a cost function to separate the two linear subsystems from the nonliear subsystem. It does not employ any correlation functions as were used by both Korenberg and Billings. Therefore the input is not restricted to white Gaussian noise, the computation is simpler, and the result is much more accurate than the previous methods. Three computer programs, namely, Iden idet, Oddident, P_Lident, have been developed to identify systems with even, odd, and piece-wise types of nonlinearity. Numerical example is presented to show computation result. In addition, a nonlinear piecewise saturation model has been developed for the interfacial impedance of metallic bioelectrodes based on overpotential signals from several levels of current density input. The result shows remarkable similarity to the model developed previously by using fractal dimension study.
Abstract 3253: Next-gen STING-agonist like BCG confers enhanced immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo

INTRODUCTION: Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a cytosolic sensor of cyclic dinucleotide (CDN; c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP) activates type I interferons (IFN I) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recombinant Bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) overexpressing CDN (STING-agonist) remains unexplored in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We hypothesize that intravesical recombinant BCG is more efficacious than BCG for NMIBC. We constructed a novel STING-agonist-like recombinant BCG Pasteur and Tice strains (rBCG-disA-OE) carrying plasmids that harbors di-adenylate cyclase (disA) gene to test this hypothesis. METHODS: WT and rBCG-disA-OE were tested for immunotherapeutic potential in WT and STING-deficient murine macrophages, to ascertain STING-dependent IFN I and pro-inflammatory cytokines activation. Similar experiments were conducted in RT4, J5637, and NBT2 cell lines. Fisher 344 rats intravesically received 4 doses of 1.5 mg/kg N methyl N nitrosurea (MNU) to induce NMIBC. Intravesical instillation of WT- and rBCG-disA-OE was administered weekly x 6. Histologic tumor grade, tumor involvement index, gene expression (q-PCR) as well as systemic immune responses (ELISA) were assessed. Growth and virulence of rBCG-disA-OE in BALB/c and SCID mice were tested using aerosol infection protocol. RESULTS: rBCG-disA-OE Pasteur and TICE strains overexpressing STING-agonist were potent inducers of IFN I in STING-dependent manner in murine macrophages. IFN I induction by rBCG-disA-OE increased TNF-α (P=0.01), IL-6 (P=0.04) and IL-1β (P=0.004) in bladder cancer cells and murine macrophages. Intravesical instillation of rBCG-disA-OE in MNU-rats resulted into significantly (P=0.004) lower tumor involvement index accompanied by a potent induction of IFN I signaling, M1 macrophage associated cytokines (Nos2, P=0.05 & IL-6 P=0.05) and chemokines (CCL2, P=0.048 & MCP-1, P=0.05). rBCG-disA-OE prevented invasive cancer when compared WT-BCG. BALB/c mice infected with rBCG-disA-OE showed significantly less lung bacillary burden (P=0.005) suggesting strain attenuation. SCID-mice infected with rBCG-disA-OE had prolonged survival. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate STING-agonist like rBCG-disA-OE is superior to WT-BCG for induction of macrophage cytotoxicity and activation of IFN I signaling. rBCG-disA-OE demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity and cytokine production in a pre-clinical model of NMIBC suggesting an alternative intravesical agent in BCG unresponsive population. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Alok K. Singh, Monali Praharaj, Gregory A. Joice, Takahiro Yoshida, Max Kates, David McConkey, William R. Bishai, Trinity J. Bivalacqua. Next-gen STING-agonist like BCG confers enhanced immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3253.
How best to approach these acute hand infections

Antimicrobial therapy is not straightforward with the 4 infectious conditions reviewed here. Combination therapy at the start must usually be tailored once an organism is known.
The 8th Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging for Hepato-pancreato-biliary Cancer: A Review and Update.

Context.— Cancer staging provides critical information for patients and treating physicians to battle against cancer, predict prognosis, and guide treatment decisions. The American Joint Committee ...
Impact of new rail transit stations on neighborhood destination choices and income segregation

Abstract This article examines the neighborhood destination choices made by movers in neighborhoods affected by rail transit investments in the United States between 1970 and 2013 using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results suggest that of those that move following the placement of a new rail transit station, low-income individuals are more likely to move to more disadvantaged neighborhoods following rail transit investments in their neighborhood when a small share of the neighborhood is covered by the station's service area. If the origin neighborhood is more accessible to the station however, lower-income residents are equally likely to move within the same neighborhood or to a neighborhood of similar socioeconomic status. Middle-to-high income individuals that relocated, particularly homeowners, are more likely to move to higher income neighborhoods, particularly within a few years before opening. These results contribute to the ongoing debate regarding transit-induced gentrification, affordable housing in transit-oriented developments, and public transit's role in shaping residential location choice and subsequent income segregation patterns.
Case reportAntibodies to desmoplakin in a patient with pemphigus foliaceous

Background Antibodies to desmoplakins have been associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Here, we report a case of non-neoplastic pemphigus foliaceous with antibodies to desmoplakins. Observation A 61-year-old woman with pemphigus foliaceous by clinical, histological and immunofluorescent criteria was found to have circulating antibodies to 250 and 215 kDa antigens identified as desmoplakin I and II by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The patient had no evidence of cancer during a follow-up period of 3 years. Conclusion Although antibodies to desmoplakin I and II have previously been associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus, their occasional finding in erythema multiforme and bullous pemphigoid indicates that they can also occur in non-neoplastic pemphigus.
Extracranial meningioma as an incidental infratemporal fossa mass in a patient presenting with a history of traumatic brain injury

A 28-year-old man presented to his primary care physician for chronic headaches, memory concerns and a history of traumatic brain injury. A non-contrast brain MRI was performed, which revealed a large T2 hyperintense, lobulated mass in the left infratemporal fossa. The lesion had an intracranial
Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia: A review of the literature.

Abstract Objective Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia typically presents as a tender nodule on the volar aspect of the palm or digit, often after trauma. Histologically, it presents as one to multiple normal-sized to enlarged Pacinian corpuscles in the deep dermis or subcutaneous adipose tissue. Given its rarity, its pathogenesis is debated and nomenclature is poorly defined. Herein, we present a case of Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia and review the current literature. Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed with the following search terms: Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia, Pacinian corpuscle neuroma, Pacinioma, Pacinian corpuscle hypertrophy, and heterotopic Pacinian corpuscles. All case reports and case series were reviewed for histopathologic evidence of true Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia. Cadaveric studies, cases without true Pacinian corpuscles, and noncutaneous cases were excluded from our analysis. Results Sixty patients with Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia of the hands and feet (65 cases, some with >1 location) were reviewed. The mean age of presentation was 49.5 years, and women accounted for 60% of cases. Pain was the most commonly reported symptom (55 of 65 cases; 84.6%). Forty-five cases (69.2%) were localized to a digit, most commonly the second digit (17 of 65 cases; 26.2%), and 18 of 65 cases (27.6%) affected the palm, primarily the distal palm. Surgical excision was curative in 50 of 65 cases (76.9%). Conclusion Although relatively uncommon, Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a tender nodule on the digit or distal palm, particularly after trauma.
Abstract WMP73: TGFβ-Activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) is a Key Molecular Switch That Drives Proinflammatory Microglia/macrophage Responses and Aggravates Long-Term Stroke Outcomes

Introduction: Microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) profoundly influence stroke outcomes, but the molecular mechanisms dictating their functional phenotype after brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) are poorly...
Hospital to Home Transition for Patients With Stroke Under Bundled Payments.

Abstract Bundled payments are a promising alternative payment model for reducing costs and improving the coordination of postacute stroke care, yet there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of bundled payments for stroke. This may be due to the lack of effective strategies to address the complex needs of stroke survivors. In this article, we describe COMprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Services (COMPASS), a comprehensive transitional care intervention focused on discharge from the acute care setting to home. COMPASS may serve as a potential care redesign strategy under bundled payments for stroke, such as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation Bundled Payment for Care Improvement Initiative. The COMPASS care model is aligned with the incentive structures and essential components of bundled payments in terms of care coordination, patient assessment, patient and family involvement, and continuity of care. Ongoing evaluation will inform the design of incorporating COMPASS-like transitional care interventions into a stroke bundle.
Bio-Inspired Photonics and Microwave Photonics for Dynamic and Smart RF Systems

Bio-inspired and microwave photonics offer dynamic, natural, and effective solutions to tackle critical challenges in emerging RF systems. This paper discusses several small-scale bio-inspired and dynamic microwave photonic technologies to facilitate the advancement of RF systems.
Secondary Cell Walls

Secondary cell walls are the major constituent of tracheary elements and fibres in wood, which is the most abundant biomass produced by plants. They provide strong mechanical strength to tracheary elements and fibres, and ultimately to plant organs. The principal components of secondary walls are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose microfibrils together with hemicelluloses form the main load-bearing network in secondary walls, in which lignin is impregnated to form another crosslinked network to provide hydrophobicity and more rigidity. The biosynthesis of secondary walls is a highly coordinated developmental process that involves a coordinated expression of secondary wall biosynthetic genes regulated by a cascade of transcription factors. Because secondary walls in the form of wood and fibres are the most abundant, renewable plant products, understanding how they are constructed will provide novel strategies for genetic improvement of wood and fibres to better suit our needs. Key concepts Cell walls are the plant ‘exoskeleton’ that dictates the cell shape and collectively the plant form. The ability for plant cells to make secondary cell walls is considered to be one of the most important evolutionary landmarks for vascular plants. Secondary cell walls are the main constituent of tracheary elements and fibres of wood, which is the most abundant biomass produced by land plants. Secondary cell walls in tracheary elements and fibres provide mechanical strength to plant organs. Secondary cell walls in tracheary elements are deposited in specific patterns, including helical, annular, scalariform, reticulated and pitted patterns. The principal components of secondary cell walls are cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose is synthesized by the cellulose synthase complexes located at the plasma membrane. Hemicelluloses, including glucomannan and xylan, are synthesized at the Golgi and then secreted via vesicles into the cell walls. Lignin is synthesized through dehydrogenative polymerization of monolignols, p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and syringyl alcohol, which is catalysed by oxidases including peroxidases and laccases. The biosynthesis of secondary cell walls is regulated by a transcriptional network comprising of a cascade of transcription factors. Keywords: secondary cell walls; cell wall biosynthesis; cellulose; xylan; lignin
Exploiting prosody for PCFGs with latent annotations.

We propose novel methods for integrating prosody in syntax using generative models. By adopting a grammar whose constituents have latent annotations, the influence of prosody on syntax can be learned from data. In one method, prosody is utilized to seed the latent annotations of a grammar which is then refined using EM iterations. In an orthogonal approach, we integrate prosody into grammar more explicitly using a model that jointly observes words and associated prosody. We evaluate the two methods by parsing speech data from the Switchboard corpus. The results are compared against baseline results from a model that does not use prosody. The experiments show that prosody improves a grammar in terms of accuracy as well as the parsimonious use of parameters.
SL2-Regular Subvarieties of Complete Quadrics

We determine SL n -stable, SL2-regular subvarieties of the variety of complete quadrics. We use the methods of Akyildiz and Carrell given in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86(11):3934–3937, 1989 to give a factorization of Poincare polynomials of these regular subvarieties.
A Comparison of Small and Large Business Managers' Attitudes Toward Innovation and the Role of Government in Promoting Technology

House Resolution 820 calls for the establishment of technology partnerships, funded by the federal government, designed specifically to improve small businesses access to technology. However, government-industry partnerships have been criticized for creating a government-assisted organization to compete with do1nestic private sector firms. The critics of such partnerships argue that marker intervention by the government often results in competitive disadvantages for the very firms the partnership was intended to help. This study assessed the attitudes of small business owners and managers toward government directed market interventions such as that proposed in HR 820. The results suggest that there are some important differences between managers at large corporations and small businesses on the effectiveness of market intervention by the government, both in terms of job creation and technology enhancement. Within the subsample of small firms, however, there is sharp disagreement on the value of government programs such as those proposed in H.R. 820.
Maintaining Balance Under Pressure: Integrated Regulation of Renal Transporters During Hypertension

Hypertension is the leading cause of stroke and cardiovascular diseases and a leading risk factor for global disease burden, affecting 30% of the adult population in Western cultures.1 Blood pressure (BP) can be elevated by vasoconstriction and by increasing the circulating volume. Evidence from studies of mutations in renal Na+ transporters, renal transplantation, and diuretic action supports Guyton’s hypothesis that long-term regulation of effective circulating volume and BP depends on fractional renal Na+ reabsorption.2–4 Ultimately, excess Na+ reabsorption (Figure, red arrows) raises effective circulating volume and BP which provoke counteracting natriuretic responses to match Na+ output to Na+ intake at the expense of elevated BP (Figure, blue arrow).2 We and others have determined that pressure natriuresis responses involve Na+ transporter inhibition at multiple levels of regulation.5–13 According to Guyton, kidneys possess the capacity to excrete enough Na+ and volume to normalize BP in the face of expanded effective circulating volume.2 Thus, hypertension can be characterized as a failure of compensatory renal pressure natriuresis. Indeed, there is strong evidence that the pressure natriuresis response is impaired during experimental hypertension by inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and intrarenal angiotensin II (AngII) production, secondary to initiating stimuli such as AngII infusion, reduced NO production, high-salt diet, or elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity.14–17 This brief review focuses on the natriuretic effectors and addresses (1) the renal tubular locations and transporters that participate in pressure natriuresis and (2) the mechanisms that blunt the response in experimental models of hypertension. Figure. Renal transporter profile reveals region specific transporter regulation during experimental hypertension. A , Anatomic arrangement of renal cortex and renal medulla in a kidney cross-section …
Dasymetric Mapping Using High Resolution Address Point Datasets

Mismatching sets of boundaries present a persistent problem in spatial analysis for many different applications. Dasymetric mapping techniques can be employed to estimate population characteristics of small areas that do not correspond to census enumeration boundaries. Several types of ancillary data have been used in dasymetric mapping but performance is often limited by their relatively coarse resolution and moderate correspondence to actual population counts. The current research examines the performance of using high resolution ancillary data in the form of individual address point datasets which represent the locations of all addressable units within a jurisdiction. The performance of address points was compared with several other techniques, including areal weighting, land cover, imperviousness, road density and nighttime lights. Datasets from 16 counties in Ohio were used in the analysis, reflecting a range of different population densities. For each technique the ancillary data sources were employed to estimate census block group population counts using census tracts as source zones, and the results were compared with the known block group population counts. Results indicate that address points perform significantly better compared with other types of ancillary data. The overall error for all block groups (n = 683) using address points is 4.9% compared with 10.8% for imperviousness, 11.6% for land cover, 13.3% for road density, 18.6% for nighttime lights and 21.2% for areal weighting. Using only residential address points rather than all types of locations further reduces this error to 4.2%. Analysis of the spatial patterns in the relative performance of the various techniques revealed that address points perform particularly well in low density rural areas, which typically present challenges for traditional dasymetric mapping techniques using land cover datasets. These results provide very strong support for the use of address points for small area population estimates. Current developments in the growing availability of address point datasets and the implications for spatial demographic analyses are discussed.
An analysis of the effect of integral and sigma pulse frequency modulation on white noise

Integral and sigma pulse frequency modulation effects on white noise, analyzing autocorrelation and spectral density functions of PFM system output
Characterization of muscarinic receptors in canine bronchial smooth muscle.

Abstract Rings of canine bronchi were suspended for isometric tension recording. Contractions produced by exogenously added acetylcholine were inhibited by pirenzepine and pancuronium. The pK B values were 6.76 for pirenzepine (calculated at 10 −6 M) and 5.30 and 5.13 for pancuronium (calculated at 10 −5 and 3 × 10 −5 M, respectively). Contractile responses evoked by cholinergic nerve stimulation (0.2–16 Hz, 9 V) were depressed by pancuronium in a concentration-dependent manner, while concentrations of pirenzepine selective for M 1 -muscarinic receptors were without effect. The results indicate that exogenous and nerve-released acetylcholine activate a homogenous population of M 2 -muscarinic receptors in isolated preparations of canine bronchial smooth muscle.
SECURITY POLICY CONSIDERATIONS FOR INLAND FACILITIES AND PIPELINES

ABSTRACT Although facilities in the United States have not been subject to major oil spills caused by intentional acts, around the world acts of war and terrorism account for a large fraction of reported major oil spills. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 requires response plans that address a “worst case discharge;” however, the implementing regulatory agencies did not foresee the possibility of deliberate attacks that could involve multiple storage tanks or several pipeline response zones. In addition, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 highlighted the problems with the current U.S. federal response and contingency plans. The U.S. Coast Guard published a rule that requires operators of marine-transportation-related oil facilities to implement a variety of security measures. Inland facilities and pipelines are generally exempt from the security regulations; nevertheless, those facilities and pipelines can take steps to increase their own security preparedness by emulating the Coast Guard provisions....
Paranasal sinus radiology, Part IA: Introduction and the frontal sinuses

The radiologic techniques of plain film roentgenography, tomography, and computerized tomography are important supplements to patient history and physical examination in the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses. Background historical information regarding these radiologic modalities is presented, and the development and anatomy of the sinuses and roentgenographic views are discussed. The development and anatomy of the frontal sinuses are discussed, and inflammatory disease of the frontal sinuses as it appears in various roentgenographic modalities is described and illustrated.
Sexuality, Power, and Camaraderie in Service Work

Many have argued that sexualized banter is indicative of “masculine” culture, serving as a mechanism by which men construct masculine identity and dominance and create a climate of sexual harassment. While this claim has much empirical support, sexualized banter among women remains undertheorized. Furthermore, many contemporary scholars agree that the meaning of a sexual exchange may vary widely between cultural and material contexts, but this insight has only recently been applied to studies of workplace sexuality. This article considers the issues of gender, sexuality, power, and context in light of ethnographic data collected in two service work (waitressing) establishments. Within these organizations, many workplace sexualized interactions emerge as facilitating camaraderie and empowerment between workers. The article concludes that the sexual particularities of a workplace should be interpreted as one of its many cultural features, reflective more of its organizational conditions than of a static sex...
Note on Electron Theory of the Hall Effect

Eldridge's conclusion that a constant-free-path electron theory leads to a zero Hall effect is shown to be due to an error in approximation. The constant-free-path theory is found to lead to a normal (negative) Hall effect and to a decrease in resistance in both magnetic and electric fields. Therefore though it seems more rational than the usual theory, it is no more successful in explaining the experimental results.
Lanthanide Carboxylate Precursors for Diene Polymerization Catalysis: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivity with Et2AlCl

Synthetic, structural, and reactivity results are presented on neodymium and lanthanum carboxylates that can function as models for diene polymerization catalysts. The neodymium and lanthanum carboxylates {Nd[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]3}x (1) and {La[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]3}x (2) were synthesized from the lanthanide metal and 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of HgCl2 and Hg(OAc)2. Nd2[O2CCH(C6H5)CH2CH3]6[HO2CCH(C6H5)CH2CH3]4 (3) was prepared similarly from neodymium powder and 2-phenylbutyric acid. 1 and 2 crystallize from hot pyridine as the dimeric pyridine adducts Nd2[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]6[pyridine]4 (4) and La2[O2CC(CH3)2CH2CH3]6[pyridine]4 (5). 3 crystallizes from hexanes as the carboxylic acid adduct. 1 and 2 react with Et2AlCl to form the isolable solids 6 and 7, which react with Al(iBu)3 to generate catalytically active systems which polymerize isoprene, ethylene, and styrene. Although crystallization of 6 from THF forms NdCl3(THF)4 (8) and crystallization of 7 from pyridine forms [La...
Distribution and ovarian control of progestin-metabolizing enzymes in various rat hypothalamic regions

Abstract The three principal hypothalamic progesterone metabolizing enzyme activities, namely the progesterone 5α-reductase and 5α-dihydroprogesterone NADH- and NADPH-linked 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3α-HSOR) activities, were examined in discrete rat hypothalamic subsections throughout the estrous cycle and from ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol benzoate or vehicle. The regions studied included the median eminence, the medial preoptic area and the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei. The enzyme assays were performed using radiolabeled steroid substrates and reverse isotopic dilution analysis. While all four hypothalamic regions obtained from intact cycling animals possessed substantial amounts of these three enzyme activities, the median eminence generally had the highest activity levels (2- to 4-fold greater) except during estrus. The other three regions usually had comparable levels. No significant fluctuations were observed in any enzyme activity over the estrous cycle. After ovariectomy, there was a significant decrease (~ 35%) in the level of the NADPH-linked 3α-HSOR activity in the median eminence compared to the level observed in intact cycling animals, suggesting ovarian control. Estrogen treatment for 3 days did not restore this enzyme level to that observed in intact animals. The NADPH-linked 3α-HSOR activity from the other three hypothalamic regions, as well as the NADH-linked 3α-HSOR and the 5α-reductase activities from all four brain regions, did not change significantly after ovariectomy. These results indicate that the median eminence possesses an increased capacity for progesterone metabolism relative to the other hypothalamic regions tested, and that the NADPH-linked 3α-HSOR activity in this region may be under ovarian control.
Failure of reserpine to block ether-induced release of prolactin: Physiological evidence that stress induced prolactin release is not caused by acute inhibition of PIF secretion

Abstract Plasma prolactin levels in the rat are elevated by reserpine treatment. This effect has generally been attributed to the inhibition of the monoaminergic component of regulation of secretion of prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF). In this study we report that ether stress which produces prolactin release in normal rats was equally effective in stimulating prolactin release in reserpine treated animals whose initial baseline prolactin levels were elevated. These results indicate that the ether stress induced release of prolactin is not due to inhibition of the secretion of PIF, and are compatible with the view that a prolactin releasing substance mediates this acute secretory response.
Experimental and theoretical nuclear astrophysics: the quest for the origin of the elements

The 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics lecture is reprinted. The author reviews current understanding of the nucleosynthesis process in the stars of our Galaxy. (AIP)
What are adolescent antecedents to antisocial personality disorder

Background This paper fills a gap because there are very few studies that prospectively predict antisocial personality disorder (APD) from psychopathology earlier in life in clinic-referred samples of young males. Method The paper addresses the continuity between conduct disorder (CD) and other forms of psychopathology during ages 13–17 and modified APD at ages 18 and 19 (modified to remove the DSM-IV requirement of pre-existing CD by age 15) in the Developmental Trends Study. Results The results show that 82–90% of APD cases met criteria for CD at least once during ages 13–17, and very few youths who met criteria for ODD during this period progressed to APD without intermediate CD. While CD is a strong predictor of modified APD, when other factors were accounted for in regression analyses, the best predictors were callous/unemotional behaviour, depression and marijuana use. ADHD during ages 13–17 was not significant in the final model. Males with CD during adolescence who progressed to APD tended to commit more violence, as evident from their court records. Conclusions Implications are discussed for the conceptualization of developmental models leading to APD, the strengthening of relevant symptoms of CD predictive of APD, and preventive and remedial interventions. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Surgical and medical management of mesenteric ischemia

Acute mesenteric ischemia frequently results in bowel necrosis, which necessitates laparotomy to assess bowel viability. Reduction in mortality requires a high index of suspicion and prompt diagnosis. Bowel resection should be preceded by visceral artery revascularization. Medical management includes the use of anticoagulation, vasodilators, and the use of inhibitors of reperfusion injury. The management of chronic mesenteric ischemia largely depends on the general condition of the patient, who is often affected by malnutrition and dehydration. Surgery, although associated with greater morbidity and mortality, is more durable and effective in relieving the symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia. Endovascular treatment options for chronic mesenteric ischemia include percutaneous balloon angioplasty and stenting. This treatment is more likely to be successful in dealing with stenotic rather than occlusive lesions and offers a minimal invasive approach but is associated with a smaller primary success rate and a higher recurrence rate.
Rapid separation of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract All common phenylthiohydantoin amino acids derived from sequencing are identifiable in 6 to 9 min with an isocratic method based on buffered aqueous acetonitrile, an ODS stationary phase, and programmed flow which increases during the run. With constant flow the analysis requires 16 min. The effects of variation in percentage eluting solvent, ionic strength, anion, cation, pH, and temperature are defined.
Black Stars and Black Poverty: Critical Reflections upon Black Theology from a Garveyite Perspective

Black theology by nature is concerned with the full liberation of oppressed individuals. Full liberation is a holistic effort which must include freedom from economic oppression and poverty. This article seeks to challenge Black theology and Black theologians in two specific ways regarding this particular aspect of liberation: liberation from poverty and economic oppression. The first challenge is to improve in its critical engagement of the systemic causes and sustainers of poverty in a way that is more accessible, applicable, and diverse in the origins of the critique. The second challenge is to consider an expansion of the scope of Black theology from critical academic field to critical mass movement—a transition that would expand the reach of Black theology from the academy to the pulpit (or rather to more pulpits) and from the pulpit to the streets.
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF DUCKWEED LEMNA GIBBA AND LEMNA MINOR

We developed efficient genetic transformation protocols for two species of duckweed, Lemna gibba (G3) and Lemna minor (8627 and 8744), using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Partially differentiated nodules were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector containing β-glucuronidase and nptII expression cassettes. Transformed cells were selected and allowed to grow into nodules in the presence of kanamycin. Transgenic duckweed fronds were regenerated from selected nodules. We demonstrated that transgenic duckweed could be regenerated within 3 mo. after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of nodules. Furthermore, we developed a method for transforming L. minor 8627 in 6 wk. These transformation protocols will facilitate genetic engineering of duckweed, ideal plants for bioremediation and large-scale industrial production of biomass and recombinant proteins.
The Impact of Alumni Status on Institutional Giving by Faculty and Staff

This study explores the association between propensity toward giving and personal and positional characteristics of faculty and staff across 3 years within a large, public, multi-campus higher education institution. Informed by the literatures on organizational identity and commitment, faculty and staff giving, and the higher education workforce, the study employs a hurdle analysis to estimate the predictors of likelihood of donating (the hurdle) and the amount given among those who donate. Following up on earlier research by the authors that demonstrated that academic employees and employees who are institutional alumni are more likely to give, the present study explores the interaction between these roles and offers a more powerful model for predicting the amount given. The results of this study have implications for understanding how organizational commitment and identification may be relevant in addressing giving, for institutional fundraising, and for building institutional loyalties.
Uptake of polonium and sulfur by bacteria

Elevated concentrations of polonium‐210, the last radioactive member of the 238U decay series, have been reported for groundwater in a number of shallow wells from the Central Florida Phosphate District. The 210Po must originate either directly from the naturally occurring phosphate rock of the area or from phosphogypsum, a byproduct of the wet‐process manufacture of phosphoric acid. Phosphate rock is characterized by relatively high levels of uranium and daughter products, while phosphogypsum contains high 226Ra, 210Pb, and 210Po. We assessed the potential of a bacterial isolate to remove and incorporate dissolved polonium from solution by conducting comparative radiotracer experiments using 35SO4 and 208Po. Since the observed chemical concentration of Po in these wells is too low to serve in any direct metabolic function, it was suspected that it might be cometabolized as a sulfur analogue. Our experiments were designed to (1) evaluate the rate of 33SO4 and 208Po uptake as a function of bacterial growth...
Mustard procedure as a second stage for total correction of transpositions with previous Baffes operation.

Abstract Our experience with adaptation of the Mustard procedure as a second stage for total correction of transpositions having had previous partial venous correction is reviewed, and the details of the operative procedure are described. Seven patients were operated upon in this two-stage fashion. None of the operations were elective; all 7 patients had had an increase in peripheral arterial cyanosis resulting from narrowing of the inferior vena cava graft and shunting of the venous blood via the azygous vein into the systemic circulation. Five patients survived the modified Mustard procedure, and 2 died in the immediate postoperative period of air embolism. Clinical results indicate that the modified Mustard operation makes a good second stage for completing the total correction of patients with transposition who have had a previous partial venous transfer (Baffes procedure).
What is at Stake in the Cartesian Debates on the Eternal Truths

Abstract Descartes’s claim that the eternal truths were freely created by God is fraught withinterpretive difficulties. The main arguments in the literature are classified asconcerning the ontological status or the modalities of possibility and necessity ofthe eternal truths. The views of the principal defenders of the Creation Doctrine– Robert Desgabets, Pierre Sylvain Regis, and Antoine Le Grand are contrastedwith those of Nicolas Malebranche. In clarifying the theological, ontological, andlogical terms of the debate we can see that what was at stake was the objectivityand certainty of the truths of mathematics and physics. I conclude by suggestingthat this issue might fruitfully be used to clarify the disparate discussions in thecontemporary literature.The mathematical truths which you call eternal have been laid down by Godand depend on him entirely no less than the rest of his creatures. (Descartes3:22–3) 1 Introduction Descartes’s claim that the eternal truths were freely created by God (hereafterthe Creation Doctrine) is fraught with interpretive difficulties. Whetherdue to the paucity of texts by Descartes on the question, the complexityof the medieval and early modern debates and tracing their relevance toDescartes, or difficulties and confusions about the modalities of possibilityand necessity inherent in the discussions of the period, there is littlesettled in the extensive literature. Over the past 40 years, in excess of onehundred scholarly articles have been written on the topic. There is littleagreement about what is at stake – whether it is the metaphysics ofmodality, a theological dispute over God’s nature, the ontological natureof truth and laws, and/or the certitude of the truths of mathematics andphysics. Nor is there much if any agreement about Descartes’s views onany one of these topics.My purpose here is twofold. First, to summarize and bring some orderto the myriad approaches in the literature to the Creation Doctrine.
Akt signaling regulates side population cell phenotype via Bcrp1 translocation.

Akt is an important regulator of cell survival, growth, and glucose metabolism in many cell types, but the role of this signaling molecule in hematopoietic stem cells is poorly defined. Side population (SP) cells are enriched for hematopoietic stem cell activity and are defined by their ability to efficiently efflux Hoechst 33342. Bone marrow from Akt1-null mice exhibited a reduced SP fraction. However, bone marrow cellularity, growth factor-responsive progenitor cultures, and engraftable stem cells were normal in these mice. Treatment of bone marrow with LY294002, an inhibitor of the Akt effector protein phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, led to a reversible loss of the SP fraction. Bcrp1, which encodes the Hoechst dye transporter, was translocated from the membrane to the intracellular compartment under conditions that promote the SP-depleted state. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Akt1 in bone marrow markedly increased the SP fraction, whereas there was no effect on bone marrow from Bcrp -/- mice. These data suggest that Akt signaling modulates the SP cell phenotype by regulating the expression of Bcrp1.
Environmental correlates of the abundance and distribution of Belonesox belizanus in a novel environment

Environmental factors, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and pH may influence the population dynamics of an introduced species by imposing limits to its distribution and abundance. In 1957, the non-indigenous pike killifish, Belonesox belizanus Kner, was released into a Miami-Dade County, Florida, canal, from which it has since spread across most of south Florida. The main goal of this study was to characterize patterns of covariation between B. belizanus density and temporal, spatial, and physicochemical variables, and attempt to identify which physicochemical variables may explain variation in densities of this species. Results of AICc model selection indicated that patterns of physicochemical variables such as pH, salinity, and temperature correlated with annual change in B. belizanus density, and that these physicochemical-density patterns were mesohabitat specific. For the southern most sites, the interaction between temperature and salinity provide the best model to explain B. belizanus density, whereas variability in pH provides the best model at northern sites. These patterns of covariance between density and specific physicochemical variables suggests that specific mesohabitat characteristics may play a role in mediating the physiological, behavioral, and/or ecological performance of this introduced species in Florida and elsewhere. Future studies will test hypotheses on the direct and indirect effects of these physicochemical variables within the context of specific mesohabitats on the behavior and physiology of B. belizanus in its novel environment in South Florida.