cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous Collective Output with Non-dedicated Cores

Parallel applications are evolving to place larger demands not just on computation and network capabilities, but on storage systems as well. Storage hardware has scaled to keep up, but the software to drive it must evolve alongside to service this increased potential. This paper presents an output forwarding middleware for message-driven parallel applications written in Charm++. This layer directs IO operations across the entire system to a designated subset of processors in order to minimize contention and overheads. Our implementation is distinctive in that these processors are not dedicated to this task, but can still contribute to the computational task. Other processors need not block while waiting for the designated IO processors to become ready or make progress. Using this new layer, we demonstrate speedups of 1.5 - 2.5× in the popular scientific code NAMD over its previous parallel output implementation, along with reduced sensitivity to IO subsystem parameters.
Measurement of Porous Media Hydraulic Properties during Parabolic Flight Induced Microgravity

Bioregenerative life-support systems proposed for longduration space missions require an understanding of the physical processes that govern distribution and transport of fluids in particulate porous plant-growth media. Our objectives were to develop hardware and instrumentation to measure porous-medium water retention and hydraulic transport properties during parabolic-flight induced microgravity. Automated measurements complimented periodic manual operations in three separate experiments using porous ceramic aggregates and glass beads. The water content was adjusted in multiple steps in periods of 1.8g. Continuous hydraulic potential measurements provided information on water retention. The short duration of microgravity limited the occurrence of equilibrium potentials under partially saturated conditions. Measured pressure gradients under fixed flow rates were largely unaffected by gravity force in saturated cylindrical porous-medium-filled flow cells. High resolution video imagery provided details on water imbibition rates into dry and previously wetted porous media. Additional analysis of these data will provide insight into the effects of reduced gravity on porous medium hydraulic properties.
From Teenagers to Emerging Adults: A Longitudinal Study of Religion

Stigloe, John. 2006. Interviewed by Adler, Mar garet. "Behind the Ever-expanding American Dream House." National Public Radio, July 4. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story .php?storyd=5525283 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. 2004. Appliance Reports 2001, Table 1. Appliances in U.S. Households, Selected Years, 1980-2001. http://www.eia .doe.gov/emeu/reps/appli/contents.html. Vanek, Joann. 1974. "Time Spent in Housework." Scientific American, 231(5): 116-120.
Process Dependence of Proton-Induced Degradation in GaN HEMTs

The 1.8-MeV proton radiation responses are compared for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown under Ga-rich, N-rich, and NH3-rich conditions. The NH3-rich devices are more susceptible to proton irradiation than the Ga-rich and N-rich devices. The 1/ f noise of the devices increases with increasing fluence. Density functional theory calculations show that N vacancies and Ga-N divacancies lead to enhanced noise in these devices.
Aptamer Therapy for Heart Failure

See related article, pages 986–992 Autoantibodies (AAbs) to β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) are common in certain subsets of heart failure, where they have the potential to cause adverse myocardial biological effects.1–7 β1-AR AAbs are especially common in peripartum8 and Chagas9,10 cardiomyopathies, but they are also relatively prevalent (>25%) in dilated cardiomyopathies of both idiopathic and ischemic origins.1,5,11–14 The presence of β1-AR AAbs is also associated with ventricular arrhythmias and an increased prevalence of sudden cardiac death.15 As a functional validation of their putative pathophysiologic role, in animal models anti-β1-AR antibodies have been shown to induce cardiomyopathies.16–18 The prevalence of β1-AR AAbs in heart failure patients is currently being examined prospectively in the Etiology, Titer-Course, and Survival (ETiCS) Study.14 ETiCS is an ongoing prospective investigation of β1-AR–directed autoimmunity in postmyocarditis and postmyocardial infarction dilated cardiomyopathies, and it also includes an associated retrospective analysis in other types of heart failure. This study should establish the prevalence of β …
Implementation and interpretation of protocols in the COMSCRIPT environment

Presents COMSCRIPT, a language designed for protocol entity implementation and protocol stack manipulation. The COMSCRIPT language is an interpreted language derived from POSTSCRIPT and enriched by concurrent processes which synchronize their execution and exchange data in a controlled and restricted way. The language adheres to an event driven programming approach which is very suitable for the implementation of both low and high level protocols. Communication between processes takes place through manipulable and flexible links created and configured dynamically. The paper presents the COMSCRIPT language and its execution environment from a programming point of view. It introduces all its basic concepts showing how they can be used in the implementation of an application.
Dormant conduction revealed by adenosine to guide electrical isolation of the superior vena cava.

The restoration of electrical conduction in injured, pulmonary vein (PV) tissue (dormant conduction) via adenosine-mediated hyperpolarization has been utilized to guide the need for additional ablation. The superior vena cava (SVC) and PVs have similar cardiac muscular extensions. We present a patient with recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation. All PVs were found to be electrically isolated, before …
Expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in the rat dorsal root ganglia and defined single isolated sensory neurons

Previously, we demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) increased the excitability of small-diameter sensory neurons, in part, through activation of S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1), suggesting that o...
Estimating age-specific incidence of dementia using prevalent cohort data

In prospective cohort studies, individuals are usually recruited according to a certain cross-sectional sampling criterion. The prevalent cohort is defined as a group of individuals who are alive but possibly with disease at the beginning of the study. It is appealing to incorporate the prevalent cases to estimate the incidence rate of disease before the enrollment. The method of back calculation of incidence rate has been used to estimate the incubation time from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to AIDS. The time origin is defined as the time of HIV infection. In aging cohort studies, the primary time scale is age of disease onset, subjects have to survive certain years to be enrolled into the study, thus creating left truncation (delay entry). The current methods usually assume that either the disease incidence is rare or the excess mortality due to disease is small compared with the healthy subjects. So far the validity of the results based on these assumptions has not been examined. In thi...
LLAMA: a cache/storage subsystem for modern hardware

LLAMA is a subsystem designed for new hardware environments that supports an API for page-oriented access methods, providing both cache and storage management. Caching (CL) and storage (SL) layers use a common mapping table that separates a page's logical and physical location. CL supports data updates and management updates (e.g., for index re-organization) via latch-free compare-and-swap atomic state changes on its mapping table. SL uses the same mapping table to cope with page location changes produced by log structuring on every page flush. To demonstrate LLAMA's suitability, we tailored our latch-free Bw-tree implementation to use LLAMA. The Bw-tree is a B-tree style index. Layered on LLAMA, it has higher performance and scalability using real workloads compared with BerkeleyDB's B-tree, which is known for good performance.
The case against irony

Taken to be the essential feature of all literature, irony is actually quite problematic. Inseparable from the invention of the West by way of the Oriental society of Greece (above all, in Plato), ...
The Relationship Between Assault and Physical Health Complaints in a Sample of Female Drinkers: Roles of Avoidant Coping and Alcohol Use

Trauma exposure and PTSD are associated with poorer physical health. Psychological and behavioral mechanisms may help account for this relationship. In this study, we tested avoidant coping and alcohol use as mediators of the relationship between trauma exposure, PTSD, and self-reported physical health complaints in female drinkers. In 827 college women, we compared three groups: women with no trauma history, women with a sexual assault but no PTSD, and women with a sexual assault and PTSD, on avoidant coping, alcohol use, and physical health complaints. We found that PTSD was positively associated with alcohol use and that PTSD and trauma exposure were associated with increased avoidant coping. We also found that avoidant coping mediated the relationship between trauma, PTSD, and physical health complaints. Alcohol use did not predict physical health but was associated with PTSD. These results suggest that in female college students, coping may be more critical in the PTSD/physical health relationship than alcohol and have implications for targeting coping in young trauma-exposed women to improve physical health.
International Geomagnetic Reference Field revision 1987

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a series of mathematical models of the main geomagnetic field and its secular variation. The models themselves consist of sets of spherical harmonic (or Gauss) coefficients. The IGRF has become a widely used means of deriving values of the geomagnetic field components in, for example, studies of magnetic anomalies a n d investigations of charged particle motions in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. Since the adoption of t h e first IGRF (IGRF 1965) by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) in 1968 [IAGA Commission 2 Working Group 4, 1969], the IGRF has been revised four times, giving the IGRF 1975 [IAGA Division I Study Group on Geomagnetic Reference Fields, 1975], the third-generation IGRF [IAGA Division I Working Group 1, 1981], the fourth-generation IGRF [IAGA Division I Working Group 1, 1985], and the fifth-generation IGRF which is the subject of this note. Details of the derivation of the original IGRF have been given by Zmuda [1971]; interested readers should see Peddie [1982] and Barraclough [1987] for descriptions of its development up to 1985.
Evidence-based medicine: applying valid evidence.

1. Gary M. Onady, MD, PhD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio This fifth article in the evidence-based medicine (EBM) series integrates the first three steps of EBM introduced previously (asking an answerable question, searching the literature, critical evaluation of the literature) into a fourth step that applies valid evidence discerned in those steps to medical decision-making. Integration of EBM with medical decision-making constitutes the foundation of what has been termed evidence-based practice (EBP). By definition, EBP is the integration of best research evidence with patient values and clinical circumstances to make clinical decisions. (1) Developing an EBP involves conscientious decision-making based on evidence combined with knowledge of patient characteristics, situations, and preferences, and requires three additional tasks: This contribution to the EBM series applies previously introduced components from the EBM tool box to convert a problem presented by a patient into a set of rational diagnoses. Additional tools are used for judicious selection of diagnostic testing that prioritizes the diagnoses effectively. Finally, methodology that allows the choice of a definitive action plan is described so a clear decision point can be reached confidently, once a single working diagnosis is given priority. A case referred by an otolaryngologist for preoperative clearance illustrates these points. A 4-year-old girl scheduled for tonsilloadenoidectomy has a history of chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, and recurrent epistaxis. Family history reveals a grandfather who has type I von Willebrand disease (vWb). Physical examination of the girl reveals multiple bruises in various stages of resolution. The question posed by the surgeon is, “Can you clear this patient for surgery?” The process of defining a problem begins by rephrasing the surgeon's question into a question whose answer facilitates achievement of the real goal, which is to minimize surgical risk. The best initial problem-defining EBM question becomes, “What is the likelihood …
Weak and strong constraint data assimilation in the inverse Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS): Development and application for a baroclinic coastal upwelling system

We describe the development and preliminary application of the inverse Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a four dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation system for high-resolution basin-wide and coastal oceanic flows. Inverse ROMS makes use of the recently developed perturbation tangent linear (TL), representer tangent linear (RP) and adjoint (AD) models to implement an indirect representer-based generalized inverse modeling system. This modeling framework is modular. The TL, RP and AD models are used as stand-alone sub-models within the Inverse Ocean Modeling (IOM) system described in [Chua, B.S., Bennett, A.F., 2001. An inverse ocean modeling system. Ocean Modell. 3, 137–165.]. The system allows the assimilation of a wide range of observation types and uses an iterative algorithm to solve nonlinear assimilation problems. The assimilation is performed either under the perfect model assumption (strong constraint) or by also allowing for errors in the model dynamics (weak constraints). For the weak constraint case the TL and RP models are modified to include additional forcing terms on the right hand side of the model equations. These terms are needed to account for errors in the model dynamics. Inverse ROMS is tested in a realistic 3D baroclinic upwelling system with complex bottom topography, characterized by strong mesoscale eddy variability. We assimilate synthetic data for upper ocean (0–450 m) temperatures and currents over a period of 10 days using both a high resolution and a spatially and temporally aliased sampling array. During the assimilation period the flow field undergoes substantial changes from the initial state. This allows the inverse solution to extract the dynamically active information from the synthetic observations and improve the trajectory of the model state beyond the assimilation window. Both the strong and weak constraint assimilation experiments show forecast skill greater than persistence and climatology during the 10–20 days after the last observation is assimilated.
RF Aerosol Mist Plasma Deposition of Oxide Films

We report new results on nano-scaled oxide films deposited by an RF aerosol mist plasma technique: including indium tin oxide transparent conductive films; yttria stabilized zirconia, nickel iron oxide/YSZ cermet, and lanthanum strontium manganite for fuel cell applications; Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconductor films; gadolinium iron oxide for magnetic heat pumps; silicon oxide for protective coatings, etc. Since this deposition process occurs in an atmospheric environment, it has potential for large scale production. The maximum deposition rate is approximately 1 micrometer per minute per centimeter squared. Substrate temperatures were between 300°C and 900°C. Crystal sizes are analyzed by XRD (Shadow Programs). Some films were also characterized by resistance, optical(IR-UV-Vis transmission/reflection and FTIR) and Mossbauer measurements. Film morphology was found to be strongly dependent on deposition parameters. Controlling the deposition rate by altering solution concentration and mist feed rates, as well as altering plasma torch settings and substrate temperature allowed the formation of different film morphologies. Film density, thickness, and crystallite size could be controlled to obtain films of differing characteristics. This is advantageous to fuel cell depositions where a dense electrolyte as well as porous electrodes (anode and cathode) are required.
Streptomyces erythraeus trypsin inactivates α1-antitrypsin

Streptomyces erythraeus trypsin (SET) is a serine protease that is secreted extracellularly by S. erythraeus. We investigated the inhibitory effect of α(1)-antitrypsin on the catalytic activity of SET. Intriguingly, we found that SET is not inhibited by α(1)-antitrypsin. Our investigations into the molecular mechanism underlying this observation revealed that SET hydrolyzes the Met-Ser bond in the reaction center loop of α(1)-antitrypsin. However, SET somehow avoids entrapment by α(1)-antitrypsin. We also confirmed that α(1)-antitrypsin loses its inhibitory activity after incubation with SET. Thus, our study demonstrates that SET is not only resistant to α(1)-antitrypsin but also inactivates α(1)-antitrypsin.
Image interpolation using wavelet based hidden Markov trees

Hidden Markov trees in the wavelet domain are capable of accurately modeling the statistical behavior of real world signals by exploiting relationships between coefficients in different scales. The model is used to interpolate images by predicting coefficients at finer scales. Various optimizations and post-processing steps are also investigated to determine their effect on the performance of the interpolation. The interpolation algorithm was found to produce noticeably sharper images with PSNR values which outperform many other interpolation techniques on a variety of images.
Neogene climate change and uplift in the Atacama Desert, Chile: COMMENT: REPLY

We welcome comments by Hartley regarding our Neogene climate reconstruction of the Atacama Desert ([Rech et al., 2006][1]) and the opportunity to further discuss the resolution and sensitivity of soils and sedimentological deposits for inferring hyperaridity in the geologic record. In regard to our
Precise Measurements of Electromagnetic Fields

A design of field strength measuring equipment is described wherein the emphasis has been laid upon ability to secure precise measurements in a limited range rather than extreme flexibility. A consideration of the suitability of various fundamental methods for precision work is presented. A circuit design is described by which certain difficulties associated with the insertion of the standard signals into loop circuits are eliminated. An attenuator is described wherein the effects of unavoidable stray reactances are minimized. Experimental results are given indicating ability of the design to achieve accuracies to within better than one per cent at broadcast frequencies. Comparison is made with accuracies attained in the field with alternative methods.
Flow separation for fast and robust stereo odometry

Separating sparse flow provides fast and robust stereo visual odometry that deals with nearly degenerate situations that often arise in practical applications.We make use of the fact that in outdoor situations different constraints are provided by close and far structure, where the notion of close depends on the vehicle speed. The motion of distant features determines the rotational component that we recover with a robust two-point algorithm. Once the rotation is known, we recover the translational component from close features using a robust one-point algorithm. The overall algorithm is faster than estimating the motion in one step by a standard RANSAC-based three-point algorithm. And in contrast to other visual odometry work, we avoid the problem of nearly degenerate data, under which RANSAC is known to return inconsistent results. We confirm our claims on data from an outdoor robot equipped with a stereo rig.
A Note on the Accuracy and Variability of Grading and Marketing High Moisture Farmer Stock Peanuts

Abstract Previous research has shown that the farmer stock grade, lot weight, and market value could be accurately determined at kernel moisture contents greater than 10.5% without negative impact ...
SOURCE PROFILE ANALYSIS FOR THE ITER FIRST WALL/SHIELD MODULE 13

Radiation shielding, thermal protection, and energy removal for ITER are provided by an array of first wall/shield modules (FWS). Nuclear analysis of the shield modules is important for understanding their performance and lifetime in the system. Using Direct Accelerated Geometry (DAG)-MCNPX, a coupling of traditional MCNPX with the Common Geometry Module (CGM) and the Mesh Oriented dAtaBase (MOAB) developed at UW, high-fidelity 3-D neutronics analysis is now possible. Particles are transported in the CAD geometry reducing analysis time, eliminating input error, and preserving geometric detail. The surface source read-write capability that exists in MCNPX has been used in DAG-MCNPX to combine realistic source conditions with an efficient analysis model. A surface source was written using a 3-D model of ITER with a detailed plasma source. The surface source was then used in a detailed 3-D CAD model of Module 13. 3-D high fidelity mesh tallies were used to calculate nuclear heating used in thermal-hydraulics analysis. Surface source results were compared against results using a hybrid 1-D/3-D approach in which a uniform neutron source is extended infinitely in the vertical direction. Results show that the hybrid source overestimated the total number and underestimated the average energy of particles incident on the FW. The hybrid approach was found to overestimate the nuclear heating at the front of the first wall by as much as 63%.
Do scheduled caste and scheduled tribe women legislators mean lower gender-caste gaps in primary schooling in India?

Abstract Despite India's substantial investments in primary schooling, gaps in schooling persist across gender and caste—with scheduled caste and scheduled tribe (SC/ST) girls being particularly disadvantaged. The representation of SC/ST women in state legislatures may help to mitigate this disadvantage. Specifically, because of her intersecting gender and caste/tribe identities, a SC/ST woman legislator might maintain a strong sense of solidarity especially with SC/ST girls and women, and support legislative policies benefitting SC/ST girls. Consequently, for this reason, we expect that living in a district where SC/ST women represent in state legislatures in a higher proportion may increase SC/ST girls' primary school completion, progression and performance. We tested this hypothesis using district-level data between 2000 and 2004 from the Indian Election Commission, the 2004/5 India Human Development Survey, and the Indian Census of 2001. As expected, the representation of SC/ST women in state legislatures was positively associated with SC/ST girls' grade completion and age-appropriate grade progression but was apparent not SC/ST girls' primary-school performance. SC/ST women's representation in state legislatures may reduce gender-caste gaps in primary-school attainment in India.
Common ground can be efficiently achieved by capturing a screenshot in handheld-based learning activity

Constructing common ground and the associated convergent conceptual change is critical to collaborative learning. Convergent conceptual change is achieved as participants in a conversation update common ground through presentations, repairs, and acceptances of utterances. Many previous studies in human-computer interaction show that face-to-face communication is more effective than other forms of technology-mediated collaboration, such as video conferencing or telephoning, primarily because such forms of communication cannot fully replicate the context so vital to common understanding. To meet these concerns while enabling the use of handhelds, we devise and test empirically the value of shared visual context in creating common ground by examining communication efficiency.
Why We Don’t “Just Do It” Understanding the Intention-Behavior Gap in Lifestyle Medicine

Intention can be a poor predictor of actual health behavior change-now termed the intention-behavior gap. In other words, although patients intend to change and maintain their behavior, the data suggest that many will not follow through with their intention. This review introduces 5 factors that could help the practitioner understand the patient intention-behavior gap: (1) the motivation, (2) the trigger, (3) the response, (4) the capacity, and (4) the process. These key factors allow the lifestyle medicine practitioner to (1) understand the difficulties in changing patient behavior and (2) apply strategies to encourage successful change and maintenance of healthy lifestyle behavior in their patients.
Abstract 3014: Quantitative accuracy of Illumina HumanMethylation27 Infinium BeadChip data assessed by pyrosequencing

Purpose. Aberrant DNA methylation can lead to changes in gene expression, and this alteration is highly relevant in the context of cancer. The ability to accurately assess DNA methylation status is therefore of great importance in health and disease. The Illumina HumanMethylation27 Infinium BeadChip allows for analysis of whole genome DNA methylation by interrogating the methylation status of 27,578 CpG sites from the promoter regions of 14,475 annotated genes. However, one potential limitation of this platform as specified by the manufacturer is the inability to detect a β value difference between specimens of Procedures. Genomic DNA from 46 ovarian cell lines and 4 cultured normal cells, including ovarian surface epithelium and endometriotic cells, was modified with sodium bisulfite using the EZ DNA methylation kit from Zymo Research. Bisulfite conversion efficiency was confirmed by pyrosequencing at two chromosomal loci. Comparisons between normal and cancer cells identified differentially methylated genes using criteria of p0.3. Ten candidate differentially methylated genes (C14orf105, HNF1 β, HNF1α, KIF12, MIA2, PAX8, SERPINA6, SGK2, SRC, and TM4SF4) were selected for validation. Pyrosequencing assays were designed to allow for direct comparison of the same CpG site(s). The relationship between pyrosequencing and Infinium data was evaluated using correlation analyses. Results. Bisulfite conversion was >97% at BRCA1 (chr17) and IGF2 (chr11). Hypermethylation of 1,162 genes (1,452 CpG sites) and hypomethylation of 63 genes (74 CpG sites) was found in ovarian cancer cell lines as compared with cultured normal cells. The β values for 10 genes from Infinium analysis and percent methylation by pyrosequencing of the same CpG site(s) were highly correlated (R>0.98, p0.91, p Conclusions. Ovarian cancer cell lines exhibit significantly increased methylation as compared with normal cultured cells using the HumanMethylation27 Infinium BeadChip assay. The strong correlations between the Infinium and pyrosequencing data at the same CpG sites suggest that the Infinium platform is quantitative, lending support for use of this technology for assessment of methylation differences among specimens analyzed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3014. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3014
Factors Associated With Preventive Pharmacological Therapy Adherence Among Patients With Kidney Stones.

Objective To determine adherence patterns for thiazide diuretics, alkali citrate therapy, and allopurinol, collectively referred to as preventive pharmacological therapy (PPT), among patients with kidney stones. Methods Using medical claims data, we identified adults diagnosed with kidney stones between 2002 and 2006. Through National Drug Codes, we determined those with one or more prescription fills for a PPT agent. We measured adherence to PPT (as determined by the proportion of days covered formula) within the first 6 months of starting therapy and performed multivariate analysis to evaluate patient factors associated with PPT adherence. Results Among 7980 adults with kidney stones who were prescribed PPT, less than one third (30.2%) were adherent to their regimen (indicated by proportion of days covered ≥ 80%). Among those on monotherapy, rates of adherence differed by the type of PPT agent prescribed: 42.5% for thiazides, 40.0% for allopurinol, and 13.4% for citrate therapy. Factors that were independently associated with lower odds of PPT adherence included combination therapy receipt, female gender, less generous health insurance, and residence in the South or Northeast. In contrast, older patients and those with salaried employment had a higher probability of PPT adherence. Conclusion Adherence to PPT is low. These findings help providers identify patients where PPT adherence will be problematic. Moreover, they suggest possible targets for quality improvement efforts in the secondary prevention of kidney stones.
Waiter, there is a fly in my soup!

The above title reflects a secret horror shared by members of this profession on all sides—manufacturers, regulators, and of course the patients. Everyone wants to be sure that only the desired ingredients are in a certain drug, and that nothing extraneous is getting through. As the title of this
The Value of Mixed Methods Research: A Mixed Methods Study

The purpose of this explanatory mixed methods study was to examine the perceived value of mixed methods research for graduate students. The quantitative phase was an experiment examining the effect of a passage’s methodology on students’ perceived value. Results indicated students scored the mixed methods passage as more valuable than those who scored the quantitative or qualitative passage. The qualitative phase involved focus groups to better understand students’ perceptions of the perceived value of mixed methods. Findings suggested graduate students view mixed methods passages as having rigorous methods, a newer history, and providing a deeper meaning of the phenomenon. This study adds to the literature base by revealing what value graduate students assign to quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research.
Experiments on the Integrated Control of a Cotton and Lettuce Pest

Inclusion bodies of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer), applied to cotton in Arizona, decreased the survival of cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), 40% throughout the season compared with chemical treatment or no treatment. Moreover, lettuce planted adjacent to the treated cotton had less than 50% fewer cabbage looper eggs than lettuce fields adjacent to chemically treated or untreated cotton fields. No differences in mortality were observed of cabbage looper larvae collected from monocrotophos treated or untreated cotton fields. When a chemical defoliant was applied to cotton, the number of cabbage looper eggs on adjacent lettuce fields was 4 times higher than that next to nondefoliated cotton, probably because the chemically defoliated cotton became unattractive as a host plant or oviposition substrate. Application of monocrotophos to cotton reduced the total number of predators on cotton compared to Moth collections in pheromone baited light traps were extremely high but densities could not be related to a specific treatment.
Recycling KATP channels for cardioprotection.

the discovery and characterization of preconditioning (PC) in the late 1980s has proven to be the most important advancement in the pursuit to identify viable strategies to limit infarct size following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemic PC (IPC) is a unique, paradoxical phenomenon
Study on the sterilization effect of acidic electrolyzed water on the tuna

The acidic electrolyzed water(AEW) coating-ice was investigated for its antibacterial application against bacteria and Escherichia coli in frozen tuna(Skipjack tuna). Further,the sterilization effect of AEW and some food condiments on tuna sashimi was also evaluated. These results indicated that:a.The AEW coatingice(pH4.5) treatment significantly reduced the total numbers of bacteria and Escherichia coli in tuna sashimi stored in freezers(-18℃). b.The vinegar,mustard and AEW all showed significantly sterilization effect on tuna sashimi(p0.05),while the boiled soy sauce without sterilization activity. c.The optimization composition of the condiments for the tuna sashimi was made up of 8.0mL of vinegar,0.1g of mustard,1.0mL of AEW and a small amount of rice-adding wine. This study could lay the theory foundation for a new ice coating technology suitable for the frozen tuna,and further provide a scientific guidance for the product of ready-to-eat tuna sashimi.
Characterization of Molecular Epidemiology of Norovirus Infection in Infants and Young Children in Tianjin

Objective: To understand the charaterization of Norovirus (NV) infection in infants and young children in Tianjin area, and study the genotype and the genetic identity of NV. Methods: The fecal specimens were collected from infants and young children with viral gastroenteritis from Tianjin Children’s Hospital from August 2008 to July 2009.The viral RNA was amplified by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amplified genes were sequenced and compared with the NV sequences deposited in GeneBank. The sequence homology was evaluated and the phylogenetic tree was generated by DNAstar and Bioedit software. Results: One hundred and seventy-four positive samples of NV were detected in 540 specimens. The positive rate was 32.22%. There was a higher NV positive rate(62.22%) in November 2008. Seven NV positive samples were selected and sequenced, showing that NV strains all belonged to GⅡ-4. Conclusion: Norovirus is one of the important diarrhea pathogens of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children in Tianjin area and the GⅡ-4 is the major prevalent strain.
Studies on the effect of neisserial porins on apoptosis of Mammalian cells.

Microorganisms or microbial products have been shown to induce or protect cells from activation-induced cell death or apoptosis (1-3). Induction of apoptosis by some bacterial invaders, like shigella, might aid in spread of the organism (4), whereas inhibition of apoptosis by other microbes might aid in furthering their intracellular survival (2,3). Viral products have been shown to inhibit apoptosis by mimicking anti-apoptotic related proteins (e.g., Bcl2, FLIPS, etc.) (2,3,5). Thus far, most investigators have demonstrated that bacteria either have no effect or induce apoptosis of various cell types, mainly cells that they encounter upon invasion, e.g., epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and so on. Apoptotic cell death is also a key control mechanism of immune responses (6), but, to date, there have not been many investigations into the effect of microbes on apoptosis in immune cells. Dysregulation of immune cells associated with a lack of apoptosis and abnormal Fas-mediated cell death have been associated with immune dysfunction and hyperimmune states (7).
A mathematical investigation of the induced mutation rate which is optimum for genetic improvement : Part I. Mutagenic treatment of the haploid: the three-locus case.

Even if there is a high ratio of unfavorable to favorable mutations, there is still a finite probability that a favorable genotype will arise by mutation, if only favorable mutants happen to occur or if the effects of the favorable ones outweigh the effects of the unfavorable ones. The object of this investigation was to determine the mutation rate (termed the optimum mutation rate) that maximizes the probability of a favorable genotype. This was investigated for a diploid plant with pollen treatment followed by self-fertilization to essential homozygosity.The parameters considered are block (chromosome) number, number of loci per chromosome, ratio of favorable to unfavorable mutants, and amount of recombination (c). The exact ranges in the interval 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.5 have been obtained for the optimum mutation rate and the corresponding probability of obtaining an improved genotype.In later publications the effects of seed treatment and of random mating before self-fertilization are considered. It is found, and will be discussed in a later publication, that (1) seed treatment is better than pollen treatment, and (2) if the number of loci is sufficiently large the optimum dosage of the mutagen may be so small as to make artificial mutagenic treatment undesirable.
Treating acute withdrawal from alcohol and other drugs

The withdrawal syndrome is the predictable constellation of signs and symptoms that follow abrupt discontinuation of, or rapid decrease in, the use of a substance that has been used consistently over a period of time. To manage the withdrawal syndrome in a way that is safe and humane for the patient, the nurse must understand the pharmacological principles underlying the drug use. Whereas supportive nursing care is often effective, many patients require some pharmacotherapy. Rating scales for assessing signs and symptoms of withdrawal and for placing patients in the most appropriate setting can be used to guide the clinical decision making process. The treatment of withdrawal should provide a link to other services that promote the recovery process.
Intra and Interorganizational Determinants of Decentralization

A model combining structural and interorganizational causes of the decentralization of decision-making was constructed to investigate the merits of intra versus interorganizational determinants of decentralization in organizations. Relationships in the model were estimated with data from a sample of American corporations. The estimated parameters of the model, despite high zero-order correlations for all relationships, suggested a more parsimonious explanation of decentralization than is currently offered by existing research literature. Findings partially confirm and refute past research which has sought solely environmental or structural explanations. More important, the findings integrate and render some past findings consistent. It is concluded that decentralization of decision-making in corporations is more the consequence of geographical dispersion and coalition formation than other aspects of structure, size, and other features of interorganizational relations, such as competition. These latter factors appear to affect decentralization only indirectly and then through the geographical dispersion of a corporation. An adequate explanation of decentralization, therefore, requires a multidimensional approach that includes both inter and intraorganizational causes. Along with other recent work, this study offers additional evidence of the major theoretical importance of geographical differentiation, an often ignored concept, in understanding complex organizations.
The (Irish) New Woman: Political, Literary, and Sexual Experiments

The writing of Sarah Grand (Frances Bellenden Clarke McFall) (1854–1943) and George Egerton (Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright) (1859–1945) animated the late-Victorian ‘New Woman’ polemic. Pioneering fiction by Grand (The Heavenly Twins) and Egerton (Keynotes) appeared in 1893, subverting normative nineteenth-century codes that sought to regulate the proper place of men and women in relation to class, gender, and nation. The following year, Grand’s landmark essay, ‘The New Aspect of the Woman Question’ was responsible for bringing the term ‘New Woman’ into being. While the term ‘New Irishwoman’ is not a familiar one in the scholarship of the period, it is the label used by Irish poet Austin Clarke to describe George Egerton in his memoir A Penny in the Clouds. Its lack of currency reflects a general inattention in the scholarship to the distinctly Irish origins of many New Woman writers. This essay addresses that lacuna by foregrounding the New Irishwoman and her cultural output. Illuminating the vital interaction of New Woman writing and Irish political culture in the period, it will contend that the revolutionary context in Ireland in the period between the Land Wars and partition (c.1880–1922) was key to the discursive nexus that produced the literary New Woman.
Agent-Based Pattern Mining of Discredited Activities in Public Services

Along with the applications of computer and database techniques, a large even huge amount of data has been produced and collected in the field of public service. Many valuable regulations hide in the raw data. It is necessary that new technique is studied to help the manager make proper decision. We propose a data mining model which is based on multi-agent technique to mine the discredit activities in the water sale public service. The Multilayer feed-forward neural network (MFNN) trained by the improved back-propagation (BP) algorithm and decision tree algorithm have been employed in the model. Five agents have been developed to mine the discredit patterns and evaluate the users' credit according to the model. A case study of Daqing Oilfield water supplying payment system has been implemented for verifying this model.
Development of β-Hairpin Peptides for the Measurement of SCF-Family E3 Ligase Activity in Vitro via Ornithine Ubiquitination.

Regulation of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) to treat select types of cancer has become a popular area of drug discovery research. The FDA approval of proteasome inhibitors Bortezomib and Ca...
Electrolyte Disturbances in Critically Ill Cancer Patients: An Endocrine Perspective

Electrolyte disturbances are frequently encountered in critically ill oncology patients. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia as well as hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia are among the most commonly encountered electrolyte abnormalities. In the intensive care unit, management of critical electrolyte disturbances is focused on initial evaluation and immediate treatment plan to prevent severe complications. A PubMed search was performed to identify best available evidence for evaluation and management of dysnatremias, hypocalcemia, and hypercalcemia. Current literature was reviewed regarding the management of electrolyte disturbances. The role of new therapeutic options, for example, vaptans for hyponatremia, teriparatide for hypocalcemia, and denosumab for hypercalcemia, is discussed. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are expected to reduce adverse outcomes.
Perioperative Temperature Measurement Considerations Relevant to Reporting Requirements for National Quality Programs Using Data From Anesthesia Information Management Systems.

BACKGROUND:Perioperative hypothermia may increase the incidences of wound infection, blood loss, transfusion, and cardiac morbidity. US national quality programs for perioperative normothermia specify the presence of at least 1 “body temperature” ≥35.5°C during the interval from 30 minutes before to
Our inalienable ability to sin: Peter Olivi’s rejection of asymmetrical freedom

ABSTRACTFrom the time of Augustine to the late thirteenth century, leading Christian thinkers agreed that freedom requires the ability to make good choices, but not the ability to make bad ones. If freedom required the ability to sin, they reasoned, neither God nor the angels nor the blessed in heaven could be free. This essay examines the work of Peter Olivi, the first medieval philosopher known to reject the asymmetrical conception of freedom. Olivi argues that the ability to sin is essential to creaturely freedom and remains even in heaven. While Anselm is the nominal target of Olivi’s arguments on this topic, they form part of a wider critique directed even more at Aquinas and his followers. Olivi faults them for misunderstanding the nature of the created will and for failing to provide a foundation for a particular kind of moral responsibility: personal merit.
Low voltage actuation of high force electrostatic latches

Using a 6 V MEMS relay and multi-lever mechanism we have demonstrated the release of 2 μJ of mechanical energy from a MEMS spring. Additionally, the same MEMS spring was held and released using an alumina-coated lever array. The addition of this alumina deposition allows for the creation of higher force electrostatic latches than would be possible in a standard single-mask SOI process. With as little as 38 V applied, these latches can restrain springs applying forces up to 173 mN.
Role of Gases in the Production of High Density Powder Compacts

1—Data are presented to show the influence of various pressing and sintering conditions upon the process have an important influence upon the final density of compacts sintered to achieve theoretical density. I. this, connection, high compacting pressures, rapid heating rates, and high sintering temperatures exaggerate the effect of evolved gases and promote the formation of large initial pores which are eliminated during continued sintering only with difficulty.
Resolution of reactive angioendotheliomatosis in an arteriovenous fistula with innominate vein angioplasty.

Introduction:Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF)-associated reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE) is a very rare entity (three previously reported cases in the literature) that can manifest as extremity w...
Mass Transport Processes

Transport processes are involved when a current is passed through a galvanic cell. Ions and neutral species that participate in the electrochemical reactions at the anode or cathode have to be transported to the respective electrode surfaces. The basic concepts of transport processes are briefly outlined in this chapter. The reader is referred for a comprehensive treatment to the book on physicochemical hydrodynamics by Levich [1]. Phenomena resulting from transport processes in porous electrodes of fuel cells are covered in chapter XVI.
Lung cancer early detection and health disparities: the intersection of epigenetics and ethnicity.

Lung cancer is the most prominent cause of cancer-related mortality. Significant disparities in incidence and outcome characterize the disease’s manifestations among ethnically and racially diverse populations. Complete surgical resection is the most effective curative treatment. However, success relies on early tumor detection. The National Lung Cancer Screening trial showed that lung cancer related mortality can be reduced by the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening. However, this test is plagued by a high false positive rate of 97% and the device itself is limited to designated cancer centers due to its expense and size. This restriction makes it difficult for underserved groups to access LDCT screening, the current standard of care. Highly sensitive and specific epigenetic DNA methylation-based biomarkers have the potential to work independently or in conjunction with LDCT screening to identify early-stage tumors. These tests could reduce unnecessary invasive confirmatory diagnostic tests and their associated morbidity and mortality. These tests also have the opportunity to bring lung cancer screening to the community thereby reducing unequal accessibility. However, epigenetic alterations are closely linked to the interplay between hereditary and environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, ethnic ancestry, toxin exposure, residential segregation, and disparate community support structures. Despite this, the overwhelming number of early detection DNA methylation biomarker studies to date have either failed to control for ethnicity or have employed heavily Caucasian-biased patient cohorts. This review seeks to summarize the literature related to the early detection of lung cancer through molecular biomarkers among different ethnicities. Ethnical specific epigenetic biomarkers have the potential to be the first step towards an accessible, available personalized medicine approach to cancer through liquid biopsy.