cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forget Failure: Exploiting SRAM Data Remanence for Low-overhead Intermittent Computation

Energy harvesting is a promising solution to power billions of ultra-low-power Internet-of-Things devices to enable ubiquitous computing. However, energy harvesters typically output tiny amounts of energy and, therefore, cannot continuously power devices; this leads to intermittent computing, where the energy harvester periodically charges a capacitor to sufficient voltage to power brief computation, until the capacitor's charge is drained, and the cycle repeats. To retain program state across frequent power failures, prior work proposes checkpointing program state to Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) before a power failure. Unfortunately, the most widely deployed, highest performance, and lowest cost devices employ Flash as their NVM, but the power, time, and endurance limitations of Flash writes are incompatible with the frequent NVM checkpoints of intermittent computation. The multi-year data retention of Flash is overkill for retaining program state across intermittent computing's short power-off times (e.g.,
Weiße Wanderer, Zombies, Parasiten und Statistik

Zombies sind nicht nur ausgedacht. Oft gibt es Schlagzeilen uber „Zombie-Waschbaren“ oder „Zombie-Wespen“, wenn es darum geht, wie echte Tiere zu einem Zombie werden konnen, und wie dieses Verhalten aussehen konnte. Unzahlige Webseiten und Forschungsveroffentlichungen beschaftigen sich mit Diskussionen daruber, wie man eine Zombieapokalypse uberleben konnte. Bei all dieser Zombieliebe und Zombiekunde hoffe ich, dass ich in diesem Kapitel die Wiederganger und Weisen Wanderer von Game of Thrones in einen „wissenschaftlichen“ Kontext stellen kann. Wie funktionieren sie? Wie bewegen sie sich und kampfen sie? Wie verhalt sich das zu echten Tierzombies? Wurden ihre Korper zerfallen? Und am Wichtigsten, was sagt uns die heutige Statistikforschung daruber, wie man das Zusammentreffen mit der Armee der Toten uberleben konnte.
Girdin regulates dendrite morphogenesis and cilium position in two specialized sensory neuron types in C. elegans

ABSTRACT Primary cilia are located at the dendritic tips of sensory neurons and house the molecular machinery necessary for detection and transduction of sensory stimuli. The mechanisms that coordinate dendrite extension with cilium position during sensory neuron development are not well understood. Here, we show that GRDN-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the highly conserved scaffold and signaling protein Girdin/GIV, regulates both cilium position and dendrite extension in the postembryonic AQR and PQR gas-sensing neurons. Mutations in grdn-1 disrupt dendrite outgrowth and mislocalize cilia to the soma or proximal axonal segments in AQR, and to a lesser extent, in PQR. GRDN-1 is localized to the basal body and regulates localization of HMR-1/Cadherin to the distal AQR dendrite. However, loss of HMR-1 and/or SAX-7/LICAM, molecules previously implicated in sensory dendrite development in C. elegans, do not alter AQR dendrite morphology or cilium position. We demonstrate that GRDN-1 localization in AQR is regulated by UNC-116/Kinesin-1, and that correspondingly, unc-116 mutants exhibit severe AQR dendrite outgrowth and cilium positioning defects. In contrast, GRDN-1 and cilium localization in PQR is modulated by LIN-44/Wnt signaling. Together, these findings identify upstream regulators of GRDN-1, and describe new cellspecific roles for this multifunctional protein in sensory dendrite development.
New Ocular Drug Delivery Systems

The need for sustained ocular drug delivery systems grows with the increasing number of people with visual impairments. Drug delivery to the posterior segment poses unique challenges that a variety of systems have been developed to overcome. Currently, small-molecule drugs and protein therapeutics are mainly administered as topical solutions and intravitreal injections, respectively. Small-molecule drugs have a short half-life and diffuse easily throughout the eye, making it challenging to deliver a localized, and maintained, therapeutic dose. The main challenge of delivery protein therapeutics is maintaining a sustained therapeutic level of protein during manufacture and release since most protein therapeutics depend on their complex structural integrity to be effective. Due to these limitations, repeated doses of small-molecule drugs and protein therapeutics are given to maintain a therapeutic range. Thus, developing new drug delivery systems (DDSs) that have a controlled, extended, and localized release of drug and maintain drug stability would reduce the frequency of administration. This chapter discusses new DDSs for small-molecule and macromolecular biological drugs, particularly protein therapeutics, in the form of ocular implants, ocular inserts, microneedles, cell-based systems, injectable nano/microparticles, injectable hydrogels, and composite systems. Many of these advances in drug delivery will help to play a role in improving anatomic and visual outcomes for various forms of macular surgery.
Online Labor Market Signaling with App-based Monitoring

App-based monitoring is widely used in online labor markets to reduce information asymmetry between firms (employers) and contractors. Such monitoring apps provide employers with detailed information on contractors’ work progress and effort level. A unique characteristic of app-based monitoring systems is that, due to online privacy regulations, contractors are informed of their presence and explicitly agree to their installation as a condition for participating in online labor markets. This study extends the existing theory on monitoring by analyzing how this awareness of monitoring could affect contractors’ strategic behavior. We explicitly recognize that app-based monitoring provides a new signaling opportunity to contractors as contractors are aware that employers can observe their behavior. We develop a new signaling model with the following features. 1) Online contractors can signal their types through wage quotes without the presence of app-based monitoring, and the app-based online monitoring can perfectly reveal the online contractor’s effort level. 2) The online contractor is aware of monitoring and can signal his ability through wage and/or effort level. 3) The employer infers the contractor’s type from both wage quotes and observed effort level and disseminates the information in the online labor market. 4) the employer maximizes its profit by deciding on whether to hire the contractor based on the proposed wage. We show that, by providing a new way of signaling to contractors, app-based monitoring can dramatically change contractors’ wage quotes and effort level in equilibrium. In some cases, the high ability contractor proposes zero wage and the first best effort level, i.e., the effort from the complete information case, to signal his ability. We further find that, under certain conditions, the market outcome could reach the first best. However, the monitoring might distort the labor supply by incentivizing an effort level higher than the case of complete information. Several implications for platform design are generated from our equilibrium predictions.
Fusing Community-Engaged Learning & Transdisciplinary Curriculum for Undergraduate Community Development Education.

The Department of Community Development and Applied Economics at the University of Vermont embraces a transdisciplinary approach to community development education that provides students with real world experiences through community-engaged learning opportunities. The department was originally formed by an administrative decision that merged three departments in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences intending to save financial resources. Over 25 years, we have developed a transdisciplinary approach that fills gaps that exist between disciplines that have yet to be closed while engaging with a variety of community partners to co-produce solutions to promote positive change. This article describes the evolution of our transdisciplinary curriculum that integrates a three-phased approach to service-learning. This framework enables faculty to offer appropriate service-learning experiences that provide meaningful interactions between students and community partners. CDAE has both honed and expanded curricular offerings to meet student interest and to better address community-based issues at the local, national, and global level.
The Freedom to Be Racist?: How the United States and Europe Struggle to Preserve Freedom and Combat Racism

Introduction 1. Balancing Public Values-The Big Picture Part One: Freedom of Expression 2. European Restrictionism and its Variations 3. Holocaust Denial and its Extremes 4. American Exceptionalism and its Limits Part Two: Freedom of Association and Opinion-as-Motive 5. Banning Racist Groups and Parties 6. Punishing Racial Discrimination and Hate Crimes Conclusions 7. How Much Freedom for Racists? References
Subcutaneous injection of mercury and extensor tendon rupture from a broken thermometer

A 28-year old medical doctor presented with a hand injury caused by a broken mercury thermometer .The extensor digiti minimi tendon was ruptured. Operative treatment included debridement and removal of the mercury followed by repair of the tendon. Reoperation was required to excise wound granulomatous reaction from residual droplets of mercury. There were no signs and symptoms of mercury intoxication. To prevent mercury intoxication after subcutaneous metallic mercury injection, complete surgical removal of the mercury and serial monitoring of blood and urine mercury concentrations is mandatory.
Coloring Algorithms on Subcubic Graphs

We present efficient algorithms for three coloring problems on subcubic graphs (ones with maximum degree 3). These algorithms are based on a simple decomposition principle for subcubic graphs. The first algorithm is for 4-edge coloring, or more generally, 4-list-edge coloring. Our algorithm runs in linear time, and appears to be simpler than previous ones. As evidence we give the first randomized EREW PRAM algorithm that uses O(n/log n) processors and runs in O(log n) time with high probability, where n is the number of vertices of the input graph. The second algorithm is the first linear-time algorithm to 5-total-color subcubic graphs. The third algorithm generalizes this to the first linear-time algorithm to 5-list-total-color subcubic graphs.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in cultured human fibroblasts: Induction by insulin in relation to cell growth and triacylglycerol metabolism

Abstract Acetyl-CoA carboxylase in human skin fibroblasts, grown in a lipid-poor medium, was inducible by insulin. The activity, ranging from 200 to 500 pmol/ min per mg of cytoplasmic protein in various cell lines, rose up to 2-fold in the presence of 1 mU/ml insulin after 3 days of incubation. The rise in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity which was independent of cell population growth was also stimulated in proportion to log insulin concentration. The induction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by insulin was preventable by cycloheximide, indicating new protein synthesis, and was associated with increases in activity of other enzymes related to lipogenesis, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase and fatty acid synthetase. Enhanced lipogenesis was expressed by a 3-fold increase in the incorporation of 3 H 2 O label into fibroblast fatty acids. Addition to the incubation medium of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) or albumin bound-free fatty acid resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in cell population growth, cancelling the effect of insulin, and a marked accumulation of triacylglycerol. On a molar basis, the esterification of free fatty acid was more effective in increasing the cellular triacylglycerol content than the uptake of intact VLDL-triacylglycerol. The addition of VLDL or free fatty acid caused a decrease in fibroblast acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity which was, however, less pronounced in the presence of insulin. The effects of VLDL were caused in part by free fatty acid derived from VLDL due to residual activity of lipoprotein lipase inherent in most VLDL preparations. Binding of free fatty acid by the addition of free fatty acid-poor albumin to fibroblasts incubated with VLDL decreased the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition and improved cell population growth. Incubation with insulin was without effect on lipolytic activity (pH 8.2) in acetone-extracted fibroblasts. This activity also did not exhibit other properties characteristic of lipoprotein lipase. Thus, the uptake of VLDL-triacylglycerol did not appear to proceed by lipolysis facilitated by insulin. The basal activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the extent of its induction by insulin in fibroblasts from patients with various forms of familial hypertriglyceridemia were similar to those obtained from healthy subjects.
Isospin violation and meson-exchange models of the nucleon-nucleon interaction ∗

Traditionally isospin violation (charge symmetry breaking and charge dependence) has been modeled by the exchange of mesons between two nucleons. Sources of isospin violation in these models include meson mass differences, meson mixing (of pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons) and isospin violating couplings of mesons with nucleons. I will review the calculated results of this theoretical approach and the NN data on isospin violation.
Synergy between tumor immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 2474 This study tested the hypothesis that combination of anti-angiogenic therapy and tumor immunotherapy of cancer are synergistic. To inhibit angiogenesis, mice were immunized with dendritic cells (DC) transfected with mRNA encoding products which are preferentially expressed during neoangiogenesis: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and Tie2 expressed in proliferating endothelial cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressed in the angiogenic stroma as well as the tumor cells used in this study. Immunization of mice against VEGF or VEGFR-2 stimulated CTL responses and led to partial inhibition of angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic immunity was not associated with morbidity or mortality except for a transient impact on fertility seen in mice immunized against VEGFR-2, but not VEGF. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice immunized against VEGF, VEGFR-2 and Tie2, either before tumor challenge or in the setting of pre-existing disease in murine B16/F10.9 melanoma and MBT-2 bladder tumor models. Co-immunization of mice against VEGFR-2 or Tie2 and total tumor RNA exhibited a synergistic antitumor effect. Synergism was also observed when mice were co-immunized with various combinations of defined tumor-expressed antigens, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) or TRP-2, and VEGF or VEGFR-2. This study shows that co-immunizing mice against angiogenesis-associated and tumor-expressed antigens can deliver two compatible and synergistic cancer treatment modalities via a common treatment, namely immunization.
On the operationality/generality trade-off in explanation-based learning

In this paper we examine the operationalityigenerality trade-off and how it affects performance of explanation-based learning systems. Experience with the ARMS learning apprentice system, presented in the form of an empirical performance analysis, illustrates both sides of the trade-off.
Los economistas y las élites políticas en América Latina

En este articulo se plantea que el estudio de la profesionalizacion de la economia contribuye a entender las reorientaciones del cambio economico y social ocurridas recientemente en America Latina, ayudando a explicar diferencias nacionales en cuanto al momento, la rapidez y profundidad de las reformas de mercado. En este sentido, se establecen cuatro etapas en la evolucion de la profesion economica en la region. En la primera fase, que la autora llama de internacionalizacion como estrategia de profesionalizacion, el empleo de asesores extranjeros era comun ya que solo existia un grupo reducido de economistas latinoamericanos. En la segunda, de latinoamericanizacion de la economia, surge una escuela de pensamiento economico estructuralista, cuyo referente principal fue la creacion de CEPAL. Un tercer momento, denominado norteamericanizacion de la economia, se inicia con la reaccion de economistas mas tradicionales que terminan dominando el campo profesional. Finalmente, en el cuarto periodo, se logra un amplio consenso respecto a la necesidad de hacer cambios en la economia politica de la region. La profesion economica se legitima y los economistas adquieren un control casi monopolico tanto sobre las decisiones economicas como en otros ambitos de las politicas publicas.
The Role of Design, Serendipity, and Scientific Competition in the Development of Oxidative Coupling Reactions

Abstract This account describes the development of novel reactions for the formation of both carbon–carbon (C C) and carbon–nitrogen (C N) bonds. Each of the reactions involves dual C–H/C–H or C–H/N–H activation mechanisms and an organic or inorganic oxidant. The development of these novel reactions involved the interplay of both serendipity and design and was motivated by both scientific curiosity and competition. Ultimately, regioselective oxidative arylation and amination reactions were discovered and their mechanisms were elucidated, allowing the author and his research team to map out the chemical reactivity of a variety of arenes and amines in oxidizing conditions.
LOW COST RAPIDLY RECONFIGURABLE UAV AUTOPILOT FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION AND CONTROL ALGORITHMS

This paper presents the development and preliminary results of a rapidly reconfigurable autopilot for small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The autopilot presented differs from current commercial and open source autopilots mainly as it has been designed to: (i ) be easily reprogrammable via Simulink (models are directly transferred to the autopilot through the Real-Time Workshop’s code-generation capability); (ii ) decouple the traditional tasks of attitude estimation/navigation and flight control by using two Digital Signal Controllers (one for each task) interconnected via a Serial Peripheral Interface; and, (iii ) being able to interact directly with Simulink as a Hardware-in-the-Loop simulator. This work details each of the main components of the autopilot and its ground control station software. Preliminary results for sensor calibration, Hardware-in-the-loop, ground and flight tests are presented.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Vestibular afferent responses to microrotational stimuli

Intracellular microelectrode recording/labeling techniques were used to investigate vestibular afferent responses in the bullfrog, to very small amplitude (less than 5 deg p-p) sinusoidal rotations in the vertical plane over the frequency range of 0.063-4 Hz. Robust responses to peak accelerations as low as 0.031 deg/sec per sec were obtained from units subsequently traced to either the central portion of the anterior canal crista or the striolar region of the utricle. All of these microrotationally sensitive afferent neurons had irregular resting discharge rates, and the majority had transfer ratios (relative to rotational velocity) of 1-40 spikes/sec per deg/sec. Individual utricular afferent velocity transfer ratios were nearly constant over the frequency range of 0.125-4 Hz. Canal units displayed decreasing response transfer ratios as stimulus frequencies increased. These findings indicate that, although utricular striolar and central crista afferent velocity transfer ratios to microrotations were very similar, utricular striolar afferent neurons were more faithful sensors of very small amplitude rotational velocity in the vertical plane.
Assessing scholarly communication and research data training needs

Purpose – This study aims to develop a systematic approach for assessing local training needs in order to reskill liaison librarians for new roles in scholarly communication and research data management.Design/methodology/approach – This study followed a training needs assessment approach to develop a survey instrument that was administered electronically to liaison librarians. Survey data were analysed to create an overall prioritization score used to rank local training topics in terms of need. Additional data will inform the design, including formats, of a training agenda to meet these needs.Findings – Survey results indicated that training for research data topics should be prioritized and addressed using hands‐on methods that would allow liaison librarians to develop tangible skills directly applicable to individual outreach activities.Research limitations/implications – Training priorities often involve factors beyond the scope of this training needs assessment methodology. This methodology also pre...
The Treatment of Relationship Status in Research on Dating and Mate Selection

The relationship status of study participants (e.g., daters, cohabitors, marrieds, or unmarrieds) has implications for understanding dating and mate selection. Procedures used in studies may blur or ignore status distinctions. The authors examined methods used in 791 studies published from 1991 – 2001. Most commonly, status of participants is unspecified, and different statuses are collapsed for analysis. Status of participants is associated with recruitment method, and type (e.g., romantic, friendship) and form (e.g., perceived, current) of relationship measured. Unspecified samples are associated with research on the topics of universal properties or causal conditions, and specified samples with mate selection. The connection between status and topic is becoming more blurred over time. Recommendations for studying and reporting status are provided.
Overview of Bayesian methods in image reconstruction

Bayesian methods of image reconstruction promise better, more appealing images. With the introduction of the EM algorithms for emission and transmission tomography, it is possible to incorporate Bayesian priors in a natural way. Priors tend to accelerate convergence of the algorithms and turn underdetermined systems of likelihood equations into overdetermined systems. Two types of priors have been suggested. One penalizes abrupt changes in estimated values for neighboring pixels. These smoothing priors are based on Gibbsian interaction terms. The second type of prior actually steers each pixel estimate toward a predetermined value. Because the smoothing priors require fewer assumptions, they probably are more defensible at the present time. Integration of emission tomography with other imaging modalities may eventually make the second type of prior the method of choice in emission tomography. Combination of the two types of priors is also possible and requires only minor adjustment of the EM algorithms.
Relativistic electrons associated with solar flares

Solar flares which produce relativistic electrons generally occur within sunspot groups which are active in the emission of meter type I noise storms. It is suggested that relativistic electrons in solar flares are accelerated from the keV-energy electrons responsible for the type I noise storms. The relationship between flare developments and the ejection of keV-electrons is briefly considered.
A method for hepatic arterial perfusion studies in the rat.

Abstract The current model for selective hepatic arterial infusion therapy was evaluated for its suitability for short-term pharmacokinetic experiments. This preparation consists of selective cannulation of the common hepatic artery via the gastroduodenal artery of the rat. Radioactive microspheres were injected to determine hepatic or extrahepatic sites of perfusion. Radioactive microsphere determination of hepatic arterial flow and cardiac output were also performed. Our data indicate that at high flow rates (2 ml/min), significant loss of drug would occur due to retrograde flow. Modification of the model to include temporary proximal hepatic artery occlusion ensures hepatic delivery of greater than 95% of drug. Furthermore, temporary hepatic artery occlusion does not alter cardiac output or hepatic artery occlusion does not alter cardiac output or hepatic arterial blood flow. Selective hepatic arterial infusion in rats with synchronous temporary hepatic artery occlusion is an adequate model for short-term pharmacokinetic studies.
Epidermal growth factor and its receptor in human implantation trophoblast: immunohistochemical evidence for autocrine/paracrine function.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGF-R) were immunohistochemically localized in trophoblast during human implantation from intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies. EGF immunostaining was absent to light in the cytotrophoblast (CT), light to moderate in intermediate trophoblast (IT), and intense in the syncytiotrophoblast (ST). In ST, EGF immunostaining was found mostly in the cytoplasm; however, staining of the plasma membrane was also noted. Immunostaining for the EGF-R was absent to light in the CT and moderate to intense in the IT. Immunostaining for the EGF-R was intense in the ST, with moderate staining in the cytoplasm and intense staining in the plasma membrane. Staining was most intense on the microvilli of the ST. Additionally, EGF-R immunostaining could be demonstrated on nuclear membranes. The increase in the intensity of the immunostaining for both EGF and EGF-R noted in CT, IT, and ST suggests a differentiated expression of this receptor-ligand system in human trophoblast and prov...
Palmitic Acid Opens a Novel Cyclosporin A-Insensitive Pore in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

An assortment of agents can induce mitochondria to undergo a permeability transition, which results in the inner mitochondrial membrane becoming nonselectively permeable to small (<1500 Da) solutes. This mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is characterized by a strict dependence on matrix Ca2+ and sensitivity to cyclosporin A (CsA). However, it is becoming increasingly clear that other experimental conditions can elicit increases in mitochondrial permeability that are distinct from this classic MPT. For example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; Sokolove, P. M., and Haley, L. M. (1996) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 28, 199–206) and signal peptides (Sokolove, P. M., and Kinnally, K. W. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 336, 69–76) promote increases in mitochondrial permeability that are CsA-insensitive. It has been suggested (Gudz, T., Eriksson, O., Kushnareva, Y., Saris, N.-E., and Novgorodov, S. A. (1997) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 342, 143–156) that BHT might be opening a CsA-insensitive pore by increasing phospholipase A2 activity and thereby producing an accumulation of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. We have therefore examined the effect of the saturated free fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), on the permeability of isolated rat liver mitochondria. The following results were obtained: (1) In the absence of additional triggers, PA (20–60 μM) induced concentration-dependent, CsA-insensitive mitochondrial swelling. (2) Swelling required mitochondrial energization. (3) PA-induced swelling was fast and occurred without a lag. (4) Both Ca2+ and Sr2+ supported PA-induced swelling; the site of cation action was the matrix. (5) EGTA and BSA were potent inhibitors of PA-induced swelling. (6) PA opened a pore rather than disrupting mitochondrial membrane structure. (7) The pore opened by PA closed spontaneously. These results suggest that palmitic acid promotes a nonclassic permeability increase that is clearly distinguishable from the occurrence of the MPT.
Ecological considerations of amino acids and flavonoids in Sarracenia species

Abstract Leaf extracts of 43 plants representing all 10 species of the genus Sarracenia were analyzed by 2D-PC, high voltage electrophoresis and G. C., for their amino acids and flavonoids. All species contained only low concentrations of common amino acids and common flavonoids. The taxonomic and ecological significance of these results are discussed.
Using Photography in Studies of Immigrant Communities

Drawing on the author’s research with three migrant populations—Jews from the former Soviet Union, Vietnamese, and Israelis—this article offers several suggestions for integrating photography into ...
A lightweight key distribution mechanism for wireless sensor networks

Security is of critical importance for many potential applications of wireless sensor networks. In order to maintain secure communication throughout the network, it is of vital importance to maintain encryption key freshness by regularly distributing new keys to all nodes. Distribution of group keys used to encrypt broadcast communication is expensive, as it is generally achieved via flooding, which taxes the limited battery life available to each node. We propose LKDT, a lightweight encryption key distribution tree building mechanism with an optional Multi- Coverage Reduction (MCR) stage to provide a framework by which to distribute keys while reducing power consumption and broadcast coverage overlap. Additionally, LKDT can configure itself quickly, allowing the base station to begin updating keys shortly after deployment.
Planet formation studies with the Spitzer Space Telescope

This paper will review the progress in planet formation science which Spitzer has enabled, and look forward to future contributions we can expect over the 5-year mission lifetime.
Relationship of Yolk Cholesterol and Onset of Egg Production

Abstract Cholesterol concentration in chicken egg yolk decreased significantly from an average of 18.9 to 15.8 mg/g of yolk from the first to fifth egg after the onset of production. On the basis of previous studies, there is reason to believe that the final average of 15.8 still is greater than that normally expected at a later time in the production cycle. Hens differed statistically in yolk cholesterol values. Other differences included an increase in egg weight and yolk weight during the test period.
Teaching Hazards Geography and Geographic Information Systems: A Middle School Level Experience

Hazards are taught with the belief that knowing something about their occurrence might help us avoid their consequences. The integrative nature of hazards – physical and social systems bound together – is attractive to the student and the instructor alike. Answering why we teach hazards is fairly straightforward. A more pressing question at present is this: how should we teach about hazards? To a large degree, attention towards how we teach hazards in a K-12 environment has been sparse. In this paper we explore the challenges faced when introducing hazards geography in a pre-collegiate setting. Following a review of the status of teaching hazards and the use of geographic information systems as an instructional aid, we outline a hazards course taught successfully for middle school students and discuss implementation obstacles for the traditional classroom.
Pragmatism, Activism, and the Icy Slopes of Logic in George Reisch’s Portrait of the Philosophy of Science as a Young Field

This paper considers several models of politically engaged philosophy with the aim of provoking discussion of George Reisch’s How the Cold War Transformed Philosophy of Science. At issue is the Unity of Science movement’s conception of the philosophy of science in particular and what politically engaged philosophy of science might look like in general. The paper discusses the role that the pragmatist Sidney Hook plays in the book and considers some of the questions raised by the role that he plays: What does it mean to be a politically engaged philosopher of science? Do we want philosophy of science to be politically engaged?
Discipline Identification in Chemistry and Physics

During the nineteenth century, physicists and chemists, using different linguistic modes of expression, sought to describe the world for different purposes; thus, both disciplines gradually were nudged toward demarcation and self-image identification. In the course of doing so the rich complexity of the empire of chemistry was born. The essential challenge was closely connected with analysis, synthesis, and chemical process: learning the art of watching substances change and making substances change. Pursued in theory-poor and phenomenology-rich contexts chemistry nevertheless made itself intellectually, professionally, societally, and industrially creditable and attractive. The developing links between physics and chemistry are examined in this paper from the perspective of the discipline of chemistry more specifically than from the side of physics. Chemists came to believe that essentially physics was no more than mechanics. All else belonged to the domain of chemistry. Not before the last decades of the century were firm collaborative links and genuine reciprocity fostered between physics and chemistry, and then primarily on account of the common utility of scientific research tools. At a more fundamental level physics and chemistry, in contradistinction to all the other natural sciences, experienced partial overlap and convergence because of unique mutual reliance on the construction of systems each according to its own theoretical conceptions. Still amalgamation was unthinkable. Eventually physical chemistry was loosened from chemistry in the same way that, somewhat later, chemical physics was emancipated from physics. The intrinsic messiness of chemistry, one might suggest, tends more readily to foster Bohr's opinion that “there is no rock bottom to the study of nature,” rather than Einstein's view that “we can realistically, ultimately, put it all together.”
Diagnosis for Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): A Prospective Comparison of Bronchial Washing, Alveolar Lavage, Transbronchial Lung Biopsy, and Open-Lung Biopsy

This study was undertaken to compare prospectively the diagnostic yield of the various bronchoscopic techniques with that of open-lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Under general anesthesia, 15 patients sequentially underwent bronchial washing, transbronchial lung biopsy, alveolar lavage, and open-lung biopsy in the same segment of lung. Of nine patients with Pneumocystis carinii, seven were diagnosed by means of the transbronchial lung biopsy, eight by the open-lung biopsy, and all nine by alveolar lavage. Of the six patients with cytomegalovirus, five were diagnosed by the open-lung biopsy, five by the transbronchial lung biopsy, and three by alveolar lavage. The sensitivities of the procedures for identifying infection were washings (15%), transbronchial lung biopsy (50%), alveolar lavage (73%), and open-lung biopsy (88%). Combined, transbronchial lung biopsy and alveolar lavage showed a diagnostic yield (85%) for infections comparable to that of open-lung biopsy (88%), thereby obviating the need for open-lung biopsy for such diagnoses. However, open-lung biopsy was the only procedure that diagnosed Kaposi's sarcoma in lung.
Using Bibliotherapy To Teach Problem Solving.

Students with high-incidence disabilities (e.g., specific learning disabilities, behavioral disorders, mild mental retardation) can benefit from using bibliotherapy by learning how to become proactive problem solvers. Often students with high-incidence disabilities are characterized as inefficient in recognizing and solving problems. By learning a problem-solving strategy and applying it to children's literature titles, students with disabilities can learn to become independent and effective problem solvers.
Teaching Net Present Value Analysis: Returns-to-Assets versus Returns-to-Equity

We surveytextbooks from agricultural economics and other subject matter areas to determine their treatments of the returns-to-assets versus returns-to-equitymethods for determining the net present value of investment projects. Textbook authors disagree about the appropriate method, often give conflicting advice as to how a given method should be applied, and do not show how the results of the two methods can be reconciled. We provide a consolidated discussion of the circumstances under which the two methods produce the same net present value.
Comparative studies of several antihistaminic drugs.

Abstract 1.1. The relative efficacy of Neoantergan, Pyribenzamine, Hydryllin, Neohetramine, and Antistine was studied in 291 allergic patients. 2.2. Pyribenzamine was the most effective of all the drugs studied in allergic rhinitis and relieved symptoms in 80 per cent of 133 patients. 3.3. Hydryllin relieved 64 per cent of 48 patients with asthma and was the most effective of the drugs studied in bronchial asthma. 4.4. All of these drugs are useful adjuncts in the palliative treatment of allergic manifestations.
Identification of the oncogenic substance in rhesus monkey kidney cell cultures as simian virus 40

Abstract Evidence is presented to show that the oncogenic virus in rhesus monkey kidney cell (RMKC) extracts responsible for the production of tumors in hamsters injected when newborn ( Eddy et al. , 1961 ) is simian virus 40 (SV40). Two viruses were isolated from tumors in hamsters, aged 203 and 304 days, which had been injected when newborn with extracts of RMKC. These viruses on injection into newborn hamsters also caused tumors to develop. Tumors did not develop when one virus strain, A426, was combined with anti-SV40 rabbit antiserum before injection into the hamsters. In cell cultures of Cercopithecus aethiops kidney both viruses caused vacuolization of the cytoplasm of the cells, a characteristic of SV40, and this cytopathic effect was inhibited by SV40 rabbit antiserum. A known culture of SV40 also induced tumors in 11 of 13 hamsters. These tumors were indistinguishable macroscopically and the six examined histologically were indistinguishable from the tumors induced by RMKC extracts. The tumors developed subcutaneously at the site of inoculation, although a few animals manifested tumors in the lungs or kidneys. In general the tumors were undifferentiated sarcomas although portions infrequently resembled fibrosarcomas. Other properties of the oncogenic virus in RMKC extracts corresponded to those described by Sweet and Hilleman (1960) for SV40. Both viruses failed to cause hemagglutination of washed guinea pig erythrocytes or to cause symptoms or death in white mice; both were filterable, resisted treatment with diethyl ether, were stable on storage at −70°C, and exhibited considerable resistance to heating. SV40 was not recovered from an extract of RMKC that failed to induce tumors in hamsters, but was present in three extracts that were oncogenic. These findings point to the fact that the monkey, like the mouse, is host for a virus that has the capacity to stimulate tumor formation in another animal species and to cause cytopathic changes in susceptible cell cultures. The recovery of typical SV40 from two tumor-bearing hamsters, the induction of tumors in hamsters by a known strain of SV40, that were indistinguishable from those elicited by RMKC extracts, and the recovery of SV40 from the RMKC extracts that were oncogenic for hamsters, and failure to recover SV40 from an extract which did not induce tumors are proof that the oncogenic agent in the RMKC extracts is SV40.
Testosterone increased risk for adverse events in older men with mobility limitations

Source Citation Basaria S, Coviello AD, Travison TG, et al. Adverse events associated with testosterone administration. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:109-22. 20592293
Economic Determinants of Voting in an Era of Union Decline

Objective. The objective of this article is to test competing hypotheses regarding union vote effects by economic sector. Overlooked in existing research on political participation and the labor movement is de-unionization's sectoral dimension: declining union rolls is a private-sector phenomenon. The sectoral dimension of union decline carries important political consequences if the influence of unions on voter turnout varies by sector. Method. Using Current Population Survey (CPS) November Voting and Registration Supplements for all national elections between 1984 and 2006, I estimate union vote effects for public- and private-sector employees. Results. The results of the analyses reveal that while union members continue to vote at higher rates than otherwise similar nonmembers, the union effect is nearly three times as large for private-sector members: private-sector unionists have a predicted probability of voting 6.7 points higher than nonmembers, while public-sector members have a predicted probability of voting only 2.4 points higher than nonmembers. Conclusions. Given the small fraction of private-sector workers now in labor unions, recent fluctuations in the unionization rate have little aggregate affect on turnout. Given that private-sector union members tend to be less educated and earn less than their public-sector counterparts, the near disappearance of private-sector unions from the economic landscape removes an important institutional buffer against political inequality in the United States.
Green Lungs: Good Firewood, Healthy Air, and Embodied Forest Politics

In southern Chile a coalition of environmental, labor, and municipal leaders is rolling out a novel approach to environmental regulation. The National Firewood Certification System provides a seal ...
Mechanistic twist of the [8+2] cycloadditions of dienylisobenzofurans and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate: stepwise [8+2] versus [4+2]/[1,5]-vinyl shift mechanisms revealed through a theoretical and experimental study.

Recently, it was reported that both dienylfurans and dienylisobenzofurans could react with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) to give [8+2] cycloadducts. Understanding these [8+2] reactions will aid the design of additional [8+2] reactions, which have the potential for the synthesis of 10-membered and larger carbocycles. The present Article is aimed to understand the detailed mechanisms of the originally reported [8+2] cycloaddition reaction between dienylisobenzofurans and alkynes at the molecular level through the joint forces of computation and experiment. Density functional theory calculations at the (U)B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level suggest that the concerted [8+2] pathway between dienylisobenzofurans and alkynes is not favored. A stepwise reaction pathway involving formation of a zwitterionic intermediate for the [8+2] reactions between dienylisobenzofurans that contain electron-donating methoxy groups present in their diene moieties and DMAD has been predicted computationally. This pathway is in competi...
Assessment of child behavior problems: The validation of a new inventory

Abstract This paper presents initial validation data for a behavioral inventory of child conduct problems. The 36‐item Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) was completed by mothers of two‐ to seven‐year‐old children from several samples of problem and non‐problem behavior children. Results from this study indicated the usefulness of the ECBI in discriminating between problem and non‐problem children, for purposes of evaluation; provided data on the non‐problem child as a guideline in defining reasonable therapeutic goals; and demonstrated the ability of the ECBI to reflect the change following treatment intervention.
Cation-induced, inhibitor-resistant photosystem II reactions in cyanobacterial membranes.

Abstract Ferricyanide-supported oxygen evolution in sonic vesicles from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis is only partially sensitive to inhibition by 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), and addition of cations to inhibited membranes stimulates the rate of oxygen evolution. The order of cation effectiveness (M 3+ > M 2+ > M + ) suggests that this stimulation is due at least in part to surface charge screening effects which permit freer access of anionic ferricyanide to the vesicle membrane surface; La 3+ , Ca 2+ , and K + are most effective in this regard. Ferricyanide photoreduction is completely sensitive to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), and neither mono- nor divalent cations affect this inhibition. Addition of La 3+ , on the other hand, causes a nearly complete restoration of ferricyanide-supported oxygen evolution. We conclude that the membrane surfaces of these vesicles are uniquely different from those o higher plants; sites of ferricyanide reduction associated with the interphotosystem chain are surface localized, and the primary acceptor region of photosystem II is susceptible to a trivalent cation-specific reaction in which ferricyanide may directly oxidize the primary acceptor.
Far infrared and microwave conductivity spectrum of semiconducting Tl2Se·As2Te3 glass

Abstract The room temperature conductivity spectrum of vitreous Tl 2 Se·As 2 Te 3 was determined in the range 10 9 to 10 14 Hz. Conductivity peaks occur at 15, 80, 189, and 246 cm −1 . The lineshapes of these peaks are fitted by statistical (Gaussian) distributions of Lorentzian oscillators.
Nerve Growth Factor Induces Rapid Increases in Functional Cell Surface Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a large endocytic receptor that binds multiple ligands and is highly expressed in neurons. Several LRP ligands, including apolipoprotein E/lipoproteins and amyloid precursor protein, have been shown to participate either in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis or pathology. However, factors that regulate LRP expression in neurons are unknown. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment on LRP expression, distribution, and function within neurons in two neuronal cell lines. Our results show that NGF induces a rapid increase of cell surface LRP expression in a central nervous system-derived neuronal cell line, GT1–1 Trk, which was seen within 10 min and reached a maximum at about 1 h of NGF treatment. This increase of cell surface LRP expression is concomitant with an increase in the endocytic activity of LRP as measured via ligand uptake and degradation assays. We also found that the cytoplasmic tail of LRP is phosphorylated and that NGF rapidly increases the amount of phosphorylation. Furthermore, we detected a significant increase of LRP expression at the messenger RNA level following 24 h of NGF treatment. Both rapid and long term induction of LRP expression were also detected in peripheral nervous system-derived PC12 cells following NGF treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NGF regulates LRP expression in neuronal cells.
Towards graceful aging degradation in NoCs through an adaptive routing algorithm

Continuous technology scaling has made aging mechanisms such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and electromigration primary concerns in Network-on-Chip (NoC) designs. In this paper, we model the effects of these aging mechanisms on NoC components such as routers and links using a novel reliability metric called Traffic Threshold per Epoch (TTpE). We observe a critical need of a robust aging-aware routing algorithm that not only reduces power-performance overheads caused due to aging degradation but also minimizes the stress experienced by heavily utilized routers and links. To solve this problem, we propose an aging-aware adaptive routing algorithm and a router microarchitecture that routes the packets along the paths which are both least congested and experience minimum aging stress. After an extensive experimental analysis using real workloads, we observe a 13%, 12.7% average overhead reduction in network latency and Energy-Delay-Product-Per-Flit (EDPPF) and a 10.4% improvement in performance using our aging-aware routing algorithm.