cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of motor endings of the cat's muscle spindle stained for NADH-tetrazolium reductase and cholinesterase

Cat muscle spindles were examined histochemically in serial transverse sections of tenuissimus muscles stained for ATPase, NADH-TR and ChE alternating sequentially. Motor nerve terminals on nuclear bag1, bag2 and nuclear chain intrafusal muscle fibers were identified in periodic sections stained for ChE. Intrafusal fiber regions that carried ChE-active areas were then examined in staining for NADH-TR. The motor endings on the three types of intrafusal fiber differed in their apparent histochemical content of both ChE and NADH-TR. The observations suggest that functional differences may exist among motor nerve terminals on the various intrafusal fiber types.
Consumer preferences, technological change, and the short-run income elasticity of metal demand☆

Abstract Metal demand over the short run is widely thought to be elastic with respect to income (GDP), since metals are largely consumed in construction and other economic sectors whose output fluctuates greatly over the business cycle. Yet efforts to estimate metal demand functions typically find that the short-run income elasticity of metal demand is less than one. This article examines a possible explanation for this inconsistency. In particular, it suggests the empirical analyses are deficient in that they fail to take account of changing technology and consumer preferences. This omission, it argues, causes the estimates for the income elasticity of metal demand for the developed countries, which account for most of the world's metal consumption, to be severely underestimated. For the developing countries, the resulting omitted variable bias, if negative, is expected to be less severe, and may even be positive. When time is used in a partial adjustment model as a proxy for changes in consumer preferences and in technology, the findings for six metals over the 1963–92 period are consistent with these expectations.
An antireflux procedure is critical to the long-term outcome of esophageal myotomy for achalasia

Based on these findings, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. Abdominal myotomy combined with fundoplication provides excellent symptomatic out-come both short and long term in patients with achalasia. 2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and its sequelae are significant long-term problems in postmyotomy patients with achalasia. 3. The preponderance of evidence suggests that pH-proved reflux is minimized by the addition of a partial fundoplication. 4. Approximately one third of patients treated with dilatation or myotomy without fundoplication will have pH-proved reflux. 5. Laparoscopic myotomy plus fundoplication results in less reflux (< 10%) than myotomy without an antireflux procedure (30% +). 6. Symptoms are not a reliable guide for detecting reflux. 7. Postoperative pH studies are necessary to detect patients with pathologic gastroesophageal reflux. 8.Reflux is uncommon in patients who have not undergone dilatation or surgery.
Verhoeff's query: is vitamin D effective against retinoblastoma?

• In 1966, Verhoeff suggested that retinoblastomas might be sensitive to vitamin D because they sometimes undergo calcification and spontaneous regression. In recent years, the antineoplastic effect of vitamin D has been established in vitro and in vivo. This study presents evidence that vitamin D 2 inhibits the growth of the human retinoblastoma cell line (Y-79) grown in athymic mice. In mice treated with ergocalciferol, the subcutaneous retinoblastomas were smaller and showed increased tumor necrosis and calcification. Unfortunately, the vitamin D caused significant toxic reactions. Further studies that reduce the toxicity of vitamin D will be needed before its use in children with retinoblastomas can be advocated. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the activity of ergocalciferol against a tumor in vivo and it suggests that ergocalciferol or one of its derivatives may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent against retinoblastomas in humans.
Arrhenoblastoma: A Malignant Ovarian Tumor Associated with Endocrinological Effects

Only since the year 1930, chiefly through the writings of Robert Meyer and Emil Novak, has our attention been called to the observation that certain of the malignant ovarian neoplasms appear to produce hormones which may be biologically active and clinically important. Since that time a few more examples have been reported; but, probably because one observer sees so few of these cases, our ideas unfortunately have not become very well defined. At the outset it needs to be emphasized that any significant investigation of the ovarian tumors belonging to this group demands that the problem be approached from many widely differing points of view. Questions of genetics, ontogeny, embryology, sex determination, sex differentiation, intersexuality, oncology, histologic pathology, endocrinology, clinical medicine, and operative surgery are all, as a necessary consequence, inseparably joined in the consideration of each individual case. Many of these subjects are young in years and limited in their scientific scope; none has attained epistemological accuracy. It is not strange, therefore, that many hazy ideas should be encountered and caution is necessary because, owing to the inexactness of some of our fundamental concepts, many seemingly tenable premises may be found to be quite incorrect, and many attractive conclusions may fail of substantiation in the light of more complete knowledge. With this note of admonition well in mind, sound progress can be expected. At one time all tumors were thought of as autonomous growths; they were considered, by definition, to be functionless, semiparasitic lesions whose effects upon the host were always indirect. Within the quarter century just past this notion has been wholesomely modified. Today we recognize a definite group of neoplasms which are characterized by functional activity and by ability to affect profoundly the physiology of the body through the formation of hormones. These are particularly those benign adenomatous tumors which take origin from the endocrine glands. Among these are the acidophil adenomas of the hypophysis, the primary hyperplasias of the parathyroid, the cortical and chromaffin adenomas and the primary hyperplasias of the adrenal, and the islet tumors of the pancreas. In the case of these, every possible proof has been brought to demonstrate their secretory activity and to incriminate them in the production of profound physiological disturbances.
Characteristics of periodic acoustic-surface-wave grating filters

Periodic surface-wave gratings may be used for the implentation of narrow-bandwidth filters that are particularly advantageous at high frequencies. Two configurations are described that offer substantially different percentage bandwidths. The metallic-film implementation reported here offers the advantage of a single-step lithography, by which the entire filter pattern is fabricated.
Diet modification for treatment and prevention of obesity.

The obesity epidemic is best explained by global lifestyle alterations favoring weight gain in a susceptible population. The consumption of calorically dense foods, increased portion sizes, and a decrease in workplace and leisure physical activity most likely accounts for the increase in voverweight and obesity worldwide. The cornerstone-of overweight and obesity therapy is dietary intervention, but unfortunately most patients eventually regain the weight lost through diet alone. The search for a macronutrient composition that may enhance and help maintain weight loss has brought an abundance of fad diets into the lay literature. According to the available data, weight loss and maintenance of weight loss are dictated by total caloric intake, and not by macronutrient composition. There is epidemiologic data linking sugar-sweetened beverages to adult and childhood obesity, and an inverse relationship between dairy intake and overweight and obesity has also been observed. More research is needed to elucidate mechanisms explaining these relationships. Further research should focus on permanent lifestyle changes that may reverse this growing epidemic. This review will focus on current practices for the dietary management of obesity and to promote weight maintenance.
Laser dye DCM, its spectral properties, synthesis and comparison with other dyes in the red

Abstract 4-Dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran (DCM) in dimethyl sulfoxide has a broad tuning range and is most efficient dye yet reported for the 630–680 nm region.
Sex matters in meiosis

In mammals, fertilization typically involves the ovulation of one or a few eggs at one end of the female reproductive tract and the entry of millions of sperm at the other. Given this disparity in numbers, it might be expected that the more precious commodity-eggs-would be subject to more stringent quality-control mechanisms. However, information from engineered mutations of meiotic genes suggests just the opposite. Specifically, the available mutants demonstrate striking sexual dimorphism in response to meiotic disruption; for example, faced with adversity, male meiosis grinds to a halt, whereas female meiosis soldiers on. This female "robustness" comes with a cost, however, because aneuploidy appears to be increased in the resultant oocytes.
Regulation of hemin and iron transport in Porphyromonas gingivalis

As with other pathogens, a requirement for the in vivo growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis is that the organism must be capable of obtaining iron from the host. The ability to utilize hemin and hemin-containing compounds for nutritional iron has been documented for several pathogenic bacteria, including P. gingivalis; however, the mechanisms involved in hemin uptake are poorly defined. I have determined that P. gingivalis transports the entire hemin moiety into the cell by an energy-dependent mechanism and that the binding and accumulation of hemin are induced by growth of cultures in the presence of hemin. A model of hemin transport in P. gingivalis consistent with these results is presented. I have also found that, in P. gingivalis, hemin regulates the expression of several putative virulence factors; this in turn results in the increased virulence potential of P. gingivalis as assessed in an animal model. Regulation of hemin-responsive genes in P. gingivalis may occur by a negative regulator, as has been described in other pathogenic organisms.
Mining repetitive clips through finding continuous paths

Automatically discovering repetitive clips from large video database is a challenging problem due to the enormous computational cost involved in exploring the huge solution space. Without any a priori knowledge of the contents, lengths and total number of the repetitive clips, we need to discover all of them in the video database. To address the large computational cost, we propose a novel method which translates repetitive clip mining to the continuous path finding problem in a matching trellis, where sequence matching can be accelerated by taking advantage of the temporal redundancies in the videos. By applying the locality sensitive hashing (LSH) for efficient similarity query and the proposed continuous path finding algorithm, our method is of only quadratic complexity of the database size. Experiments conducted on a 10.5-hour TRECVID news dataset have shown the effectiveness, which can discover repetitive clips of various lengths and contents in only 25 minutes, with features extracted off-line.
An intelligent tutor for a high performance domain

The use of intelligent tutoring systems based on the apprenticeship approach to training is explored as a possible solution to the problem of training individuals to operate and maintain complex devices, such as those used in the aerospace industry. A general approach to the development of such a system is presented, and a specific intelligent tutoring system designed for training mission control console operators is described as an example.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS DUE TO DIFFUSION IN A COAGULATION-FRAGMENTATION PROCESS WITH CLUSTER-WALL INTERACTIONS

The chemical reactivity of metal nanoclusters is determined mainly by their size and their oxidation state. The control of metal particle size is essential in order to manipulate their reactivity and interfacial behavior. Uniformity of size and spatial distribution of the metal nanoclusters is essential in the study of their properties and can be achieved primarily by conducting their synthesis in the presence of stabilizers. These materials, such as surfactants or polymers, adsorb onto the surfaces of growing clusters and create a “shielding effect,” a chemical barrier that prevents the effects of van der Waals interactions between particles, thus inhibiting particle aggregation. Polymers are frequently used as stabilizers for metal clusters because they are transparent, permeable, and nonconductive, and as such, do not interfere with and/or mask the potential optical, electrical, and catalytic properties of these clusters. When the concentration of the polymer in the reaction solution is above its criti...
An empirical investigation of ODSS impact on individuals and organizations

Abstract Organizational Decision Support Systems (ODSS) are large decision aiding systems, which provide organization-wide support for business processes. An ODSS shares some characteristics with other management support systems, but it has distinctly different objectives, scope and components. Its goal to support both the individual and organizational level decision processes may require unique development and management approaches. Several case studies have been conducted to address this issue. However, no systematic investigation has been conducted to determine factors that influence the successful development and use of ODSS. We designed this study to investigate ODSS impact both at the individual and organizational level based on several ODSS currently in use. Our findings indicate that in order to have a successful ODSS, management must pay attention to individual user needs and also have several organizational level coordinating mechanisms in place. User participation, support of management, and DSS system characteristics were found to be important determinants of ODSS success. Several factors at the organizational level, such as the use of steering committees and the extent of institutionalization of the system, were found to be correlated to ODSS success. The implications of these results for the management of ODSS and other organization-wide systems are discussed.
Semiconductor Current Regulator for the Spectrographic Arc

An inexpensive semiconductor-controlled regulator for the dc spectrographic arc is described. It is used for maintaining steady arc currents from 1 to 15 A, ±50 mA with a 120-V dc source. It is unique in that it employs solid-state circuitry. As compared to the conventional multipurpose power source with current regulators, the present model offers advantages of compactness, easier installation, and economy.
Balloon-assist technique for endovascular coil embolization of geometrically difficult intracranial aneurysms.

Objective The balloon-assist or neck-remodeling technique is an adjunctive method devised for the endovascular coil embolization of aneurysms characterized by a wide neck or unfavorable geometric features. Since its initial description, there have been few data to corroborate its utility, efficacy, and safety in aneurysm embolization. Methods Twenty patients (19 female patients and 1 male patient) with 22 aneurysms (19 unruptured aneurysms and 3 ruptured aneurysms) underwent balloon-assisted coil embolization. The balloon-assist technique was performed in the same treatment session after conventional coil embolization had failed in 55% of cases (12 of 22 cases) and was the primary treatment in 45% of cases. The majority of aneurysms were located in the supraclinoid carotid artery (13 paraophthalmic and 3 superior hypophyseal aneurysms). The mean angiographic measurements included a fundus of 8.7 +/- 3.7 mm, a neck of 5.3 +/- 2.2 mm, and a comparatively unfavorable fundus/neck ratio of 1.33 +/- 0.23. Results Technical success was achieved in 77% of cases (17 of 22). The rate of aneurysm obliteration at the end of the procedures was 97 +/- 3.8%. Angiographic follow-up data (mean follow-up period, 10.3 mo) obtained for 89% of the treated aneurysms (15 of 17) confirmed stable mean occlusion of 97.8 +/- 3.8%. Technical complications included two cases of asymptomatic distal vessel thromboembolism, which resolved angiographically within 24 hours, and one case of intraprocedural rupture of an arteriovenous malformation-related feeder artery aneurysm, which resulted in no neurological deficits and required no further treatment (transient complication rate, 13.6%; 3 of 22 cases). There were no deaths and no procedure-related 30-day or permanent morbidity. Conclusion The balloon-assist method of coil embolization is characterized by promising intermediate-term angiographic and clinical outcomes and acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Although this adjunctive method requires the use of an additional microcatheter and consequently involves a higher level of technical complexity, it extends the range of aneurysms that can be successfully treated with electrolytically detachable coils via an endovascular approach.
Instructors' and Students' Perspectives of Student Nagging: Frequency, Appropriateness, and Effectiveness

Nagging is a persistent tactic students use to persuade instructors. The purpose of this study was to compare student (n = 280) and instructor (n = 97) perceptions of student nagging in the classroom, and to examine the relationship between student nagging and instructor satisfaction. Results show that instructors perceive students as using four nagging strategies with significantly greater frequency than students do. In addition, students perceive all seven nagging strategies to be significantly more effective and appropriate than instructors. Finally, there is a significant relationship between particular nagging strategies and instructor satisfaction.
Effect of coupling agents on the local mechanical properties of bioactive dental composites by the nano-indentation technique

Summary Objectives To examine the use of nano-indentation as a method of determining the interfacial mechanics of bioactive composites for mandibular bone substitutes. Methods Three coupling agents (PMMA-MAA, PMMA-MA and silane) were used to treat hydroxyapatite (HA) particles before incorporation into a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix. Nano-indentation was used to determine the hardness and Young's modulus on the HA particle surface, at the HA/PMMA interface and in the PMMA matrix region for each of the four groups. In addition bulk four‐point bending tests were conducted on each of the four groups as a comparison. Results The findings resulted in significant differences in the local interfacial Young's modulus between the polymer-treated composites and the uncoupled control specimens with a marked improvement (50%) in modulus with either polymertreated group. Similarly, the bending modulus of the polymer-treated groups was significantly higher than the un-treated control group; however, these differences were not as pronounced (approximately 15%). Significance The co-polymer-treated composites resulted in improved interfacial modulus as compared to the un-treated controls and that the nano-indentation technique is a powerful tool for understanding the local interfacial mechanics of bioactive composites.
Madness in the Method? the Acts of the Apostles in Current Study:

Scholarship on the book of Acts frequently proceeds under the 'no final con flict' slogan when it comes to employing a diversity of methods. In this essay, however, some of the fundamental assumptions and approaches to Acts in recent scholarship are examined and challenged, raising questions related to the proliferation of method in New Testament and early Christian studies, the underlying methodological assumptions of particular interpre tive approaches, and the sublimation of theology and ideology in scholar ship. The past 15 years of Acts scholarship provides the context for this broad survey and interaction. The essential contours of the discussion are focused around matters related to genre, the nature of Acts as 'text', the book's connections to its broader socio-cultural and historical worlds, and, finally, to matters related to post-critical interactions with Acts. No easy solutions are offered in this essay; rather, the broad discussion of method in current Acts scholarship pushes for a return to...
Dual slot THz antenna array for real time excised tissue imaging

We presented a dual slot antenna integrated with zero bias Sb-heterostructure diode for direct detection of THz radiation. The compact layout and high responsivity of the detector makes it suitable to design 2D focal plane THz imaging arrays. Further, we proposed and demonstrated that number of detectors supported by a fixed size silicon lens can significantly be increased by proper antenna modifications such as feed location shift or parasitic slots. Implementation and measurements of such array designs are underway and will be presented at the conference.
Precision and Accuracy of Age and Growth Estimates Based on Fin Rays, Scales, and Mark-Recapture Information for Migratory Bull Trout

Abstract Accurate quantitative descriptions of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) growth are important for understanding life history and developing reliable stock assessments. In the absence of age validation, important steps are to review the precision of age estimation methods and evaluate whether age estimates yield growth rates consistent with known fish growth based on tag recoveries. We assessed the precision of age estimates using pelvic fin rays and scales for migratory bull trout (297–605 mm total length) from the North Fork Clearwater River, and then compared growth estimates derived from both structures with growth based on tag recoveries. Fin rays produced a lower coefficient of variation (CV = 5.84) than scales (CV = 12.56). Ages estimated from scales were higher for fish aged < 5 with fin rays and lower for fish aged ≥ 5. Comparisons of growth estimates derived from 70 tagged bull trout at large from 0.35 to 3.02 years with age-length equations based on fin ray and scale annuli indicated t...
History-based traffic control

What if traffic lights gave you a break after you've spent a long time waiting in traffic elsewhere? In this paper we examine a variety of multi-agent traffic light controllers which consider vehicles' past stopped-at-red histories. For example, a controller might distribute credits to cars as they wait and award the green light to lanes with the most credits, allowing cars to keep the credits they accumulate during travel. Such history-based controllers are intended to provide a kind of global fairness, reducing the variance in mean time spent waiting at lights during trips. We compare these controllers against other multi-agent controllers which only consider present information, and discover, among other things, that while the history-based controllers are among the most robust, they often unexpectedly provide more efficiency than fairness.
The John Doe syndrome: diagnosis and outcome of patients unidentified at the time of emergency department admission.

Abstract Patients unidentified at the time of admission to urban emergency departments are a group about whom little is known. To determine the medical diagnoses and outcomes of these "John" and "Mary Does", we reviewed emergency department charts for these patients admitted from January 1 to December 31, 1988. During this period there were 344 initially unidentifiable patients, for 0.44% of all visits. Age was 36.9 ± 15.6 years (mean ± SD); 71% were male. All patients had one or more of the following diagnoses, with mortality highest for cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 42, mortality=100%), followed by major trauma (163, 68%), drug overdose (27, 41%), miscellaneous medical conditions (11, 18%), neuropsychiatric disorders (59, 12%), acute alcohol intoxication (62, 0%), and seizures (13, 0%). Overall mortality was 47%. Identification was made prior to hospital discharge in 92% of cases. In this group, the most cummon sources of information were the patient (38%), family (19%), or documents eventually found on the person or in belongings (4%). Survivors were much more likely to be identified than those who died (99% versus 84%, P
Performance analysis of continuous, sampled, and multirate-sampled systems with random inputs

The method of adjoint simulation has been widely applied to the analysis of continuous systems, using analog computers. This paper shows how the adjoint technique can be used for discrete, continuous-discrete, and multirate-discrete systems on digital computers.
Somatosensory Event-Related Potentials and Association with Tactile Behavioral Responsiveness Patterns in Children with ASD

The goal of this study was to explore neural response to touch in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Patterns of reduced (hypo-responsiveness) and enhanced (hyper-responsiveness) behavioral reaction to sensory input are prevalent in ASD, but their neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We measured event-related potentials (ERP) to a puff of air on the fingertip and collected parent report of tactile hypo- and hyper-responsiveness in children with ASD (n = 21, mean (SD) age 11.25 (3.09), 2 female), and an age-matched typically developing comparison group (n = 28, mean (SD) age 10.1 (3.08, 2 female). A global measure of ERP response strength approximately 220-270 ms post-stimulus was associated with tactile hypo-responsiveness in ASD, while tactile hyper-responsiveness was associated with earlier neural response (approximately 120-220 ms post-stimulus) in both groups. These neural responses also related to autism severity. These results suggest that, in ASD, tactile hypo- and hyper-responsiveness may reflect different waypoints in the neural processing stream of sensory input. The timing of the relationship for hyper-responsiveness is consistent with somatosensory association cortical response, while that for hypo-responsiveness is more consistent with later processes that may involve allocation of attention or emotional valence to the stimulus.
Objective criteria may assist in distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from nonnecrotizing soft tissue infection.

Abstract Background: Optimal treatment of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) requires rapid diagnosis. The purpose of the study was to identify objective admission measurements that help differentiate NF from nonnecrotizing (non-NF) infection and, among NF patients, to identify admission factors that predict mortality. Methods: Twenty-one NF cases were paired with matched non-NF controls. Statistical comparison of admission vital signs, laboratory values, and radiographic studies was performed. Results: On multivariate analysis, admission white blood cell count (WBC) >14 × 10 9 /L, serum sodium 15 mg/dL separated NF from non-NF patients. Mortality for NF patients was predicted by admission WBC >30 × 10 9 /L. Mortality was also significantly increased for patients transferred from an outside institution prior to definitive therapy. Conclusions: Objective admission criteria (elevated WBC and BUN and decreased serum sodium) can assist in distinguishing NF from non-NF infections. The best objective predictor of mortality in NF patients is marked elevation of admission WBC.
A method for assessing the potential for confounding applied to ionic strength in central Appalachian streams.

Causal relationships derived from field data are potentially confounded by variables that are correlated with both the cause and its effect. The present study presents a method for assessing the potential for confounding and applies it to the relationship between ionic strength and impairment of benthic invertebrate assemblages in central Appalachian streams. The method weighs all available evidence for and against confounding by each potential confounder. It identifies 10 types of evidence for confounding, presents a qualitative scoring system, and provides rules for applying the scores. Twelve potential confounders were evaluated: habitat, organic enrichment, nutrients, deposited sediments, pH, selenium, temperature, lack of headwaters, catchment area, settling ponds, dissolved oxygen, and metals. One potential confounder, low pH, was found to be biologically significant and eliminated by removing sites with pH < 6. Other potential confounders were eliminated based on the weight of evidence. This method was found to be useful and defensible. It could be applied to other environmental assessments that use field data to develop causal relationships, including contaminated site remediation or management of natural resources. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:288–295. © 2012 SETAC
Optimum Pilot-to-Data Power Ratio for Partial RAKE Receiver in Nakagami Fading Channels

In this paper, we study the problem of optimizing the pilot-to-data power ratio (PDR) for uplink code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems with partial RAKE (PRAKE) receivers. Both code-division multiplex (CDM) and time-division multiplex (TDM) reference-assisted schemes are considered. We assume Nakagami-m fading channel with uniform power delay profile (PDP) and that with exponential PDP. We derive the optinum PDR via minimizing the upper bound of the probability of bit error. For uniform PDP, we present a closed-form expression for the optimum PDR. For exponential PDP, we find the condition satisfied by the optimum PDR and obtain it numerically. For exponential PDP, unlike for uniform PDP, the optimum PDR depends on the number of combined paths. However, the effect of the number of combined paths on the optimum PDR is not significant.
The Structure and Evolution of a Numerically Simulated High-Precipitation Supercell Thunderstorm

The structure and evolution of a high-precipitation (HP) supercell thunderstorm is investigated using a threedimensional, nonhydrostatic, cloud-scale numerical model (TASS). The model is initialized with a sounding taken from a mesoscale modeling study of the environment that produced the 28 November 1988 Raleigh tornadic thunderstorm. TASS produces a long-lived convective system that compares favorably with the observed Raleigh tornadic thunderstorm. The simulated storm evolves from a multicell-type storm to a multiple-updraft supercell storm. The storm complex resembles a hybrid multicell-supercell thunderstorm and is consistent with the conceptual model of cool season strong dynamic HP supercells that are characterized by shallow mesocyclones. The origin of rotation in this type of storm is often in the lowest levels. Interactions between various cells in the simulated convective system are responsible for the transition to a supercellular structure. An intense low-level updraft core forms on the southwest flank of the simulated storm and moves over a region that is rich in vertical vorticity. The stretching of this preexisting vertical vorticity in the storm’s lowest levels is the most important vertical vorticity production mechanism during the initial stages of the main updraft’s development. Interactions with an extensive cold pool created by the storm complex are also important in producing vertical vorticity as the main updraft grows. Overall, the development of vorticity associated with the main updraft appears similar to nonsupercellular tornadic storms. However, classic supercell signatures are seen early in the simulation associated with other updrafts (e.g., formation of vortex couplet due to tilting of ambient horizontal vorticity, storm splitting, etc.) and are deemed important. In the storm’s supercell stage, rotation is sustained in the lowest levels of the storm despite large amounts of precipitation located near and within the main mesocyclone. Pulsating downdrafts periodically invigorate the storm and the gust front never occludes, thus allowing the main updraft to persist for a prolonged period of time. The storm’s intensity is also maintained by frequent updraft mergers.
Direct Measurement of Cw Laser-Induced Crystal Growth Dynamics by Time-Resolved Optical Reflectivity

We report the use of time-resolved optical reflectivity to directly monitor the dynamics of cw laser-induced solid phase epitaxy (SPE) of thin films. This in situ measurement technique utilizes optical interference effects between light reflected from the surface of a sample and from an advancing interface to provide continuous temporal and spatial resolution of crystal growth processes. SPE growth rates of ionimplanted films which are five orders of magnitude faster than previously observed can be induced and accurately measured with the laser method. Arsenic enhances the SPE rate, and spatially resolved measurements show that the growth rate for arsenic implanted films varies in accordance with the ionimplantation profile. Results are reported for silicon selfimplanted samples with and without subsequent arsenic ion implantation, and for silicon samples directly implanted with arsenic.
Sex-Specific Migration Trends of Northern Saw-Whet Owls in Eastern North America

Abstract We used information compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey's Bird Banding Laboratory to identify sex-specific trends in annual Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) movement during autumn migration across eastern North America. The study included 40 710 individuals with assigned sex, 14% of which were assigned male and 86% were assigned female. Males were disproportionately banded at higher latitudes, and regional differences existed in sex ratios of owls at different banding stations, suggesting sex-specific migration patterns exist in this species. We used DNA analysis of 592 saw-whet owls caught in eastern New York to evaluate the accuracy of the morphometric methods used by banders to sex the majority of saw-whet owls reported in the Bird Banding Laboratory archives. Eighty-five percent of these owls could be sexed morphometrically and 97% of the morphometric assignments were congruent with genetic analysis. However, the current morphometric method disproportionately assigned males to the...
Gender Reversals and Gender Cultures: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives

Gender Reversals and Gender Cultures: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives. SABRINA PETRA RAMET. ed. New York: Routledge, 1996. xiii. 231 pp., notes, index.
Volatile Emissions of Navel Oranges as Predictors of Freeze Damage

Volatile emissions of navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Washington) fruit were evaluated as a means for predicting and gauging freeze damage. The fruits were subjected to - 5o r-7 °C treatments in a laboratory freezer for various time periods of 2-9.5 h and stored at 23 °C for 1, 2, or 7 days, after which time the emission of volatiles from the fruit was measured. Following the final day of volatile measurements the fruits were stored at 5 °C for an additional 2-3 weeks and then evaluated for fruit quality characteristics. Peel injury in the form of brown lesions, drying of the juice vesicles, a decline in acidity, and a loss of flavor were observed to occur as a result of freezing. Corresponding to the loss in fruit quality were large increases in the emissions of ethanol, ethyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate. With the exception of methyl hexanoate, for which volatile emissions decreased during storage for 7 days at 23 °C, all of the other volatiles were relatively unchanged in amount by storage. Treatment at -7 °C caused greater injury, quality loss, and more volatile emanation than did freezing at -5 °C. The measurement of volatile emissions appears to be a useful approach to identify freeze-damaged navel oranges.
A case study of cooperative university/government/industry education and research

A case study of the author's experience and perspectives on cooperative university/government/industry education and research is presented. It is argued that the most effective technology transfer takes place through the exchange and education of people. The cooperative education and research system plays an important role in producing the quality personnel and advanced technology needed to restore the national and international competitiveness of the United States semiconductor industry. Specific first-hand experience and opinions are discussed on the following programs: Clemson University undergraduate cooperative education with General Electric Microelectronics Center; Semiconductor Research Corporation Graduate Fellows program; Graduate research at the Center for Advanced Electronic Materials Processing at North Carolina State University; and Semiconductor Research Corporation Mentor program with Harris Semiconductor and North Carolina State University. An overview of the cooperative programs within Motorola is given. >
Frustration effects rather than Sr effects in children

A light was paired with token rewards for experimental children, and was unpaired for control children. Extinction of a cranking response was accompanied by periodic presentation of the light. Contrary to Sr predictions, experimental Ss extinguished first. A frustration interpretation seems more appropriate.
The Price of Misassignment: The Role of Teaching Assignments in Teach For America Teachers’ Exit From Low-Income Schools and the Teaching Profession

Teach For America (TFA) recruits high-achieving college graduates to teach for 2 years in the nation’s low-income schools. This study is the first to examine these teachers’ retention nationwide, asking whether, when, and why they voluntarily transfer from their low-income placement schools or leave teaching altogether. Based on a survey of three entire TFA cohorts (n = 2,029), this longitudinal, retrospective study uses discrete-time survival analysis. We found that teachers who have more challenging assignments—split grades, multiple subjects, or out-of-field classes—are at greater risk of leaving their schools or resigning from teaching than those with single-grade, single-subject, or in-field assignments. It is notable that in-field science teachers’ risk of resigning was higher than that of their out-of-field counterparts with nonscience degrees. This study informs policymakers and school officials seeking to retain TFA and other promising teachers.
Timing of Physical Therapy Initiation for Nonsurgical Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Effects on Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Study Design Systematic review. Background Current US practice guidelines suggest an initial “wait-and-see” approach following onset of musculoskeletal pain, particularly for spinal pain. Several studies suggest that early, compared with delayed, initiation of physical therapy for musculoskeletal conditions may decrease health costs and improve outcomes. Objective To compare early and delayed initiation of physical therapy for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions and to assess effects on patient-important outcomes and cost. Methods MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, and PEDro were the data sources. We included studies that compared early and delayed initiation of physical therapy for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Studies in which early and delayed interventions differed were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and outcomes, and determined eligibility and quality through consensus with a third reviewer. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment...
Validation of a clinical prediction scale for hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate a clinical prediction scale for hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). METHODS The study included a consecutive cohort of patients admitted to the adult medical service over a period of 17 months (June 2011 to October 2012). The clinical prediction scale comprised of new-onset loose stools (5 points), length of hospital stay >7days (4 points), aged 65 years or older (3 points), resides in long-term care facility (2 points), broad spectrum antibiotics use (1 point), and hypoalbuminemia (1 point). The hospital-onset CDI cases were defined as any new-onset diarrhea after 48 hours of hospital admission that tested positive on polymerase chain reaction assay for C. difficile toxin gene in the absence of history of CDI in the prior 8 weeks. The predictive performance of the scale was assessed using area under the receiver operating curve. RESULTS A total of 10,357 patients were admitted to the medical service, of which, 7026 stayed in hospital beyond 48 hours. Mean (SD) age was 68.5 (18.2) years and 41.9% patients were male. A total of 1030 patients were tested for C. difficile toxin gene using polymerase chain reaction assay, of which, 159 patients were positive and 62 of them were unique hospital-onset CDI cases. The scale had area under the receiver operating curve of 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-0.95]. At the cutoff score of 9, scale was 98.3% (95% CI, 90.2-99.9) sensitive and 85.2% (95% CI, 84.3-86.0) specific. CONCLUSIONS Our study results support excellent predictive performance of a clinical prediction scale for hospital-onset CDI. This simple scale can be used in risk stratification leading to prompt tailoring of modifiable risk factors, empirical treatment, and use of probiotics.
Impulsivity and Suicidality in Adolescent Inpatients

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents, and impulsivity has emerged as a promising marker of risk. The present study tested whether distinct domains of impulsivity are differentially associated with suicide ideation, plans, and attempts. Adolescents (n = 381; boys = 106, girls = 275) aged 13-19 years (M = 15.62, SD = 1.41) were recruited from an acute, residential treatment program. Within 48 h of admission to the hospital, participants were administered structured clinical interviews assessing mental health disorders and suicidality. Following these interviews, participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing symptom severity and impulsivity. Consistent with past research, an exploratory factor analysis of our 90-item impulsivity instrument resulted in a three-factor solution: Pervasive Influence of Feelings, Feelings Trigger Action, and Lack of Follow-Through. Concurrent analysis of these factors confirmed hypotheses of unique associations with suicide ideation and attempts in the past month. Specifically, whereas Pervasive Influence of Feelings (i.e., tendency for emotions to shape thoughts about the self and the future) is uniquely associated with greater suicidal ideation, Feelings Trigger Action (i.e., impulsive behavioral reactivity to emotions) is uniquely associated with the occurrence of suicide attempts, even after controlling for current psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms. Exploratory gender analyses revealed that these effects were significant in female but not male adolescents. These findings provide new insight about how specific domains of impulsivity differentially increase risk for suicide ideation and attempts. Implications for early identification and prevention of youth suicide are discussed.
Disturbance Rejection using Micro-jet Actuators with a MPC Policy

Micro-jet actuators are small, single-use jets that can be mounted on the surface of an aircraft or projectile. When a jet is fired, an impulsive force is produced which can improve the maneuverability of the aerospace system. This paper considers the use of micro-jet actuators to compensate for disturbances and reduce tracking error. This paper proposes two new actuation policies based on model predictive control (MPC) methods. The first policy uses only MPC which can be computationally intensive. Several heuristics are proposed in the second policy to reduce computational demand. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of these policies.
Unitary Eigenvarieties at Isobaric Points

In this article we study the geometry of the eigenvarieties of unitary groups at points corresponding to tempered non-stable representations with an anti-ordinary (a.k.a evil) refinement. We prove that, except in the case where the Galois representation attached to the automorphic form is a sum of characters, the eigenvariety is non-smooth at such a point, and that (under some additional hypotheses) its tangent space is big enough to account for all the relevant Selmer group. We also study the local reducibility locus at those points, proving that in general, in contrast with the case of the eigencurve, it is a proper subscheme of the fiber of the eigenvariety over the weight space.
Transformation of distributions into heavy tailed

We consider the transformation of the Raleigh distribution into a new distribution so that the new distribution behaves approximately the same as the Rayleigh for small values of the argument but becomes heavy tailed for large values.
Comparison of Research Speed and Accuracy Using WestlawNext and Lexis Advance

ABSTRACTIn 2010, Thomson Reuters released a new search engine to the legal academy called WestlawNext. WestlawNext's single-search-box approach revolutionized the legal research process. LexisNexis followed with its own next-generation search engine, Lexis Advance. This study compares the speed and accuracy of WestlawNext and Lexis Advance for basic legal research questions. Fifty-five participants answered five legal questions in each system. We reviewed their results and research trails to determine how the systems compared on speed and accuracy. Our results indicate few significant differences between the two systems for basic legal research tasks utilizing keyword searches.
Human high molecular weight kininogen binds to human umbilical vein endothelial cells via its heavy and light chains.

High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is a multifunctional plasma glycoprotein that occupies a critical position in pathways that link inflammation and coagulation. Excision of the vasoactive peptide bradykinin by plasma kallikrein results in kinin-free HK that consists of a 65-Kd N-terminal heavy chain (HK-HC) linked to the C-terminal 45- Kd light chain (HK-LC) by a disulfide bridge. HK-HC is an inhibitor of SH-proteases and HK-LC contains the binding sites for coagulation cofactors prekallikrein and factor XI. HK has previously been shown to bind specifically to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a zinc(2+)-dependent manner by a single class of high-affinity binding sites. We have further characterized that interaction in order to determine the cell-binding regions of HK. Competition binding experiments have indicated that either HK-LC or HK-HC was able to inhibit the binding of labeled HK with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 77 nmol/L and 89 nmol/L, respectively. Cleaved two-chain HK (HKa) had an IC50 of 73 nmol/L, whereas uncleaved HK had an IC50 of 335 nmol/L. Direct binding experiments have indicated that HUVEC bind both purified [125I]HK-HC and [125I]HK-LC in a zinc(2+)-dependent manner and that HK-LC did not displace bound HK-HC. The light chain of low molecular weight kininogen or prekallikrein-binding region of HK did not inhibit the binding of HK to HUVEC. Our results, therefore, indicate that (1) HK is capable of binding to endothelial cells via both heavy and light chain moieties, (2) HKa has a higher affinity to HUVEC, and (3) purified heavy and light chains are capable of directly binding to HUVEC. The data are consistent with the presence of a single high-affinity site for HK on endothelial cells within which are subsites that bind to heavy and light chains.