cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Protein Kinase Cε in the Negative Regulation of Akt Activation Stimulated by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Stimulation of cells with G-CSF activates multiple signaling cascades, including the serine/threonine kinase Akt pathway. We show in this study that G-CSF-induced activation of Akt in myeloid 32D was specifically inhibited by treatment with PMA, a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. PMA treatment also rapidly attenuated sustained Akt activation mediated by a carboxy truncated G-CSF receptor, expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia evolving from severe congenital neutropenia. The inhibitory effect of PMA was abolished by pretreatment of cells with specific PKC inhibitor GF109203X, suggesting that the PKC pathway negatively regulates Akt activation. Ro31-8820, a PKCe inhibitor, also abrogated PMA-mediated inhibition of Akt activation, whereas rottlerin and Go6976, inhibitors of PKCδ and PKCαβI, respectively, exhibited no significant effects. Furthermore, overexpression of the wild-type and a constitutively active, but not a kinase-dead, forms of PKCe markedly attenuated Akt activation, and inhibited the proliferation and survival of cells in response to G-CSF. The expression of PKCe was down-regulated with G-CSF-induced terminal granulocytic differentiation. Together, these results implicate PKCe as a negative regulator of Akt activation stimulated by G-CSF and indicate that PKCe plays a negative role in cell proliferation and survival in response to G-CSF.
The Inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann Equation and Runge’s Theorem

Holomorphic functions are characterized by the equation ∂E/∂z = 0. In this chapter, we shall study the equation ∂E/∂z = g when g has compact support. We shall obtain an explicit solution which leads to a variant of the Cauchy integral formula. This variant can often be used instead of the usual Cauchy formula, and has the advantage of not involving winding numbers. We shall illustrate this principle with a variant of the argument principle and a proof of the Runge theorem.
Selective excitation enables assignment of proton resonances and 1H-1H distance measurement in ultrafast magic angle spinning solid state NMR spectroscopy

Remarkable developments in ultrafast magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR spectroscopy enabled proton-based high-resolution multidimensional experiments on solids. To fully utilize the benefits rendered by proton-based ultrafast MAS experiments, assignment of 1H resonances becomes absolutely necessary. Herein, we propose an approach to identify different proton peaks by using dipolar-coupled heteronuclei such as 13C or 15N. In this method, after the initial preparation of proton magnetization and cross-polarization to 13C nuclei, transverse magnetization of desired 13C nuclei is selectively prepared by using DANTE (Delays Alternating with Nutations for Tailored Excitation) sequence and then, it is transferred to bonded protons with a short-contact-time cross polarization. Our experimental results demonstrate that protons bonded to specific 13C atoms can be identified and overlapping proton peaks can also be assigned. In contrast to the regular 2D HETCOR experiment, only a few 1D experiments are required for the complete assignment of peaks in the proton spectrum. Furthermore, the finite-pulse radio frequency driven recoupling sequence could be incorporated right after the selection of specific proton signals to monitor the intensity buildup for other proton signals. This enables the extraction of 1H-1H distances between different pairs of protons. Therefore, we believe that the proposed method will greatly aid in fast assignment of peaks in proton spectra and will be useful in the development of proton-based multi-dimensional solid-state NMR experiments to study atomic-level resolution structure and dynamics of solids.
Decreased half-life of insulin-like growth factor I in Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome

Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of insulin signalling caused by mutations in the insulin receptor gene. Affected patients are insensitive to exogenous insulin. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), whose receptor is similar to the one for insulin and is not impaired in this condition, is not always effective in these patients. To understand the reason for this failure, IGF-I concentrations were measured in a patient after subcutaneous injection of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg of rhIGF-I. IGF-I concentrations increased only transiently because of the short half-life (1.3-3 h, compared to a normal range of 17-22 h). No correlation was found between IGF-I concentrations and glucose or insulin concentrations. The short half-life of IGF-I may contribute to treatment failure in patients with inherited insulin-resistant syndromes.
Impact of ad hoc improvement of decay and cross-section data on the prediction of fusion-neutron-induced radioactivity in zirconium and tungsten

Measured decay rates resulting from neutron irradiation of zirconium and tungsten samples in a typical fusion environment have been compared with the computed values, and the sources of errors in the data and the calculational method have been identified. Comparison of four codes showed large differences that arise mainly from differences in the data libraries provided with these codes. The following reactions were found to be most important in terms of their contribution to the decay photon emission rate: [sup 90]Zr(n,2n)[sup 89m+g]Zr, [sup 90]Zr(n,p)[sup 90m]Y, [sup 90]Zr(n,[alpha])[sup 87m]Sr, [sup 91]Zr(n,p)[sup 91m]Y, [sup 186]W(n,[gamma])[sup 187]W, [sup 186]W(n,p)[sup 186]Ta, [sup 186]W(n,np)(n,d)[sup 185]Ta, [sup 184]W(n,p)[sup 184]Ta, [sup 183]W(n,p)[sup 183]Ta, [sup 182]W(n,p)[sup 182]Ta, and [sup 186]W(n,[alpha])[sup 183]Hf. However, decay data and cross sections for these reactions are not adequate in currently available libraries. An effort was made to improve the decay data by using the values from the most recent Table of Radioactive Isotopes and to improve the cross sections by using a simple curve-fitting procedure. Modified or improved decay data and cross sections were implemented in a representative code, and the computation was performed again. A great improvement in the computed results was observed for both sample cases. This work can easily bemore » extended to other fusion-relevant materials by utilizing the methodology presented here. The improved decay and cross-section data were applied to an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) blanket using tungsten as a first-wall coating material and Li[sub 2]ZrO[sub 3] as a breeding material. The specific photon yield in each zone was computed, and as much as three orders of magnitude difference in the photon yield in the tungsten zone and [approximately] 10 to 15% difference in the zirconium-containing breeding zone was observed. 72 refs., 38 figs., 6 tabs.« less
A novel role for protein arginine deiminase 4 in pluripotency: the emerging role of citrullinated histone H1 in cellular programming

Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the chromatin architecture, generating "open" and "closed" states, and these structural changes can modulate gene expression under specific cellular conditions. While methylation and acetylation are the best-characterized histone PTMs, citrullination by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs) represents another important player in this process. In addition to "fine tuning" chromatin structure at specific loci, histone citrullination can also promote rapid global chromatin decondensation during the formation of extracellular traps (ETs) in immune cells. Recent studies now show that PAD4-mediated citrullination of histone H1 at promoter elements can also promote localized chromatin decondensation in stem cells, thus regulating the pluripotent state. These observations suggest that PAD-mediated histone deimination profoundly affects chromatin structure, possibly above and beyond that of other PTMs. Additionally, these recent findings further enhance our understanding of PAD biology and the important contributions that these enzymes play in development, health, and disease.
Protecting replicated objects against media failures

Presents a replication control protocol that provides excellent data availabilities while guaranteeing that all writes to the object are recorded in at least two replicas. The protocol, robust dynamic voting (RDV) accepts reads and writes as long as at least replicas remain available. The replicated object remains inaccessible until either the two last available replicas recover or one of the two last available replicas can collect the votes of a majority of replicas. The authors evaluate the read and write availabilities of replicated data objects managed by the RDV protocol and compare them with those of replicated objects managed by majority consensus voting, dynamic voting and hybrid dynamic voting protocols. They show that RDV can provide extra protection against media failures with no significant loss of availability. >
Do the Kepler AGN light curves need reprocessing

ABSTRACT We gauge the impact of spacecraft-induced e ects on the inferred variability propertiesof the light curve of the Seyfert 1 AGN Zw 229-15 observed by Kepler. We comparethe light curve of Zw 229-15 obtained from the Kepler MAST database with a re-processed light curve constructed from raw pixel data (Williams & Carini2015). Weuse the rst-order structure function, SF(t), to t both light curves to the dampedpower-law PSD ofKasliwal, Vogeley & Richards(2015). On short timescales, we nd asteeper log-PSD slope (= 2:90 to within 10 percent) for the re-processed light curveas compared to the light curve found on MAST (= 2:65 to within 10 percent)|bothinconsistent with a damped random walk which requires = 2. The log-PSD slopeinferred for the re-processed light curve is consistent with previous results (Carini RWilliams & Carini2015) that study the same re-processed light curve. Theturnover timescale is almost identical for both light curves (27:1 and 27:5 d for thereprocessed and MAST database light curves). Based on the obvious visual di erencebetween the two versions of the light curve and on the PSD model ts, we conclude thatthere remain signi cant levels of spacecraft-induced e ects in the standard pipelinereduction of the Kepler data. Re-processing the light curves will change the modelinferenced from the data but is unlikely to change the overall scienti c conclusionreached byKasliwal et al.(2015)|not all AGN light curves are consistent with theDRW.Key words: galaxies: active { galaxies: Seyfert { quasars: general { accretion, accre-tion discs
Signaling networks in palate development

Palatogenesis, the formation of the palate, is a dynamic process regulated by a complex series of context-dependent morphogenetic signaling events. Many genes involved in palatogenesis have been discovered through the use of genetically manipulated mouse models as well as from human genetic studies, but the roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks regulating palatogenesis are still poorly known. In this review, we give a brief overview on palatogenesis and introduce key signaling cascades leading to formation of the intact palate. Moreover, we review conceptual differences between pathway biology and network biology and discuss how some of the recent technological advances in conjunction with mouse genetic models have contributed to our understanding of signaling networks regulating palate growth and fusion. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Receptivity of Hypersonic Boundary Layers to Acoustic and Vortical Disturbances (Invited)

Boundary layer receptivity to two-dimensional acoustic disturbances at different incidence angles and to vortical disturbances is investigated by solving the Navier-Stokes equations for Mach 6 flow over a 7deg half-angle sharp-tipped wedge and a cone. Higher order spatial and temporal schemes are employed to obtain the solution. The results show that the instability waves are generated in the leading edge region and that the boundary layer is much more receptive to slow acoustic waves as compared to the fast waves. It is found that the receptivity of the boundary layer on the windward side (with respect to the acoustic forcing) decreases when the incidence angle is increased from 0 to 30 degrees. However, the receptivity coefficient for the leeward side is found to vary relatively weakly with the incidence angle. The maximum receptivity is obtained when the wave incident angle is about 20 degrees. Vortical disturbances also generate unstable second modes, however the receptivity coefficients are smaller than that for the acoustic waves. Vortical disturbances first generate the fast acoustic modes and they switch to the slow mode near the continuous spectrum.
On the need to screen for Chlamydia and gonorrhea infections prior to colposcopy in adolescents

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explore the association of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with cervical biopsy and to examine whether screening for Chlamydia and gonorrhea infections within 2 weeks prior to colposcopy is a standard clinical practice among adolescents' care providers in the United States. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to U.S. physicians and nurses who are members of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, and/or the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Results: A total of 368, from all the states in America, responded. Only 5% of the respondents have encountered biopsy-associated PID owing to Chlamydia and/or gonorrhea. The incidence rate of biopsy-associated PID reported by the respondents to this survey was approximately 1: 1000 colposcopic biopsies. Fifteen percent of the respondents screen their adolescent patients, and 23% favor screening for Chlamydia and gonorrhea infections within 2 weeks prior to colposcopy. Previous experience with colposcopy and previous encounters with biopsy-associated PID in adolescents did not significantly affect the practice or the opinion of the respondents. Conclusions: Screening for Chlamydia and gonorrhea infections within 2 weeks prior to colposcopy in adolescents is presently not a common clinical practice among U.S. adolescents' care providers. Because of the potential risk of biopsy-associated PID, it is advisable to minimize the interval between Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening and colposcopy in adolescents.
Transport of Germ Plasm on Astral Microtubules Directs Germ Cell Development in Drosophila

Summary Background In many organisms, germ cells are segregated from the soma through the inheritance of the specialized germ plasm, which contains mRNAs and proteins that specify germ cell fate and promote germline development. Whereas germ plasm assembly has been well characterized, mechanisms mediating germ plasm inheritance are poorly understood. In the Drosophila embryo, germ plasm is anchored to the posterior cortex, and nuclei that migrate into this region give rise to the germ cell progenitors, or pole cells. How the germ plasm interacts with these nuclei for pole cell induction and is selectively incorporated into the forming pole cells is not known. Results Live imaging of two conserved germ plasm components, nanos mRNA and Vasa protein, revealed that germ plasm segregation is a dynamic process involving active transport of germ plasm RNA-protein complexes coordinated with nuclear migration. We show that centrosomes accompanying posterior nuclei induce release of germ plasm from the cortex and recruit these components by dynein-dependent transport on centrosome-nucleated microtubules. As nuclei divide, continued transport on astral microtubules partitions germ plasm to daughter nuclei, leading to its segregation into pole cells. Disruption of these transport events prevents incorporation of germ plasm into pole cells and impairs germ cell development. Conclusions Our results indicate that active transport of germ plasm is essential for its inheritance and ensures the production of a discrete population of germ cell progenitors endowed with requisite factors for germline development. Transport on astral microtubules may provide a general mechanism for the segregation of cell fate determinants.
A comparative assessment of life satisfaction in the United States : 1978-1988

(1992). A Comparative Assessment of Life Satisfaction in the United States: 1978–1988. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 132, No. 3, pp. 407-409.
Optimizing surface plasmonic structures for high infrared photodetector enhancement

Surface plasmonic resonance has been proved to be an effective way for enhancing infrared photodetector performance. In this paper, we report the optimization of the plasmonic structures by numerical simulation and experimental verification. The mechanism of the high enhancement is also analyzed and discussed for different plasmonic structures.
Amygdalectomy induced deficits in conditioned taste aversion: Possible pituitary-adrenal involvement

Abstract Bilateral lesions to the amygdala in rats impaired a conditioned taste aversion produced by pairing the taste of sweetened milk with lithium chloride (Experiment 1). A second experiment investigated the role of adrencorticotropin (ACTH) in the amygdala lesion-induced deficits in conditioned taste aversion. ACTH injection on the day of conditioning was without effect in either sham or amygdala lesioned animals. ACTH injection on the day of testing was without an effect in sham animals. However, ACTH injection augmented the avoidance behavior of amygdala lesioned subjects (Experiment 2). These data suggest a pituitary-adrenal involvement in the amygdalectomy-induced deficits in conditioned taste aversion.
Efficient synthesis of deuterium‐ and tritium‐labeled d‐erythro‐sphingosine

Deuterium- and tritium-labeled d-erythro-sphingosine (1b and 1c) were prepared by an efficient approach based on a known stereoselective total synthesis. Tritium was introduced at C−1 by [3H]NaBH4 reduction in the final synthetic step to give 1c of high radiochemical purity. 1,1,3-Trideuterio-d-erythro-sphingosine (1b) was prepared similarly and showed >99·5% enantiomeric purity and a high level of deuterium incorporation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elderly women's attitudes toward sexual activity among their peers

This study investigated the attitudes of elderly (60–90 years old) women toward sexually active older adults. Sex, marital status, and living site were systematically varied in eight versions of a vignette depicting a sexually active older adult. Subjects (N = 120) were systematically assigned to one of eight versions of the vignette, yielding equal numbers (15) for each of the experimental cells. A semantic differential scale was used for subjects to rate the person in the vignette alternately as friend, family member, and church member. Analysis of variance revealed no difference in relation to sex. Marital status of the person in the vignette did have an effect. Subjects’ attitudes were more positive toward married sexually active older adults than those who were widowed. In addition, subjects’ attitudes were more positive toward married sexually active older adults and widowed sexually active older adults living in an apartment than widowed sexually active older adults residing in a nursing home. In g...
Sedimentation of Erythrocytes in Solutions of Albumin, Fibrinogen and Peptone

SummaryBeef-blood serum-albumin, when suspeiidecl in Locke's solution or in plasma, prolonged the sedimentation time of human erythrocytes. A solution of human-blood serum-albumin suspended in Locke's solution and in plasma prolonged the sedi mentat ion time. A sample of powdered human-blood serum-albumin shortened the sedimentation time when it was suspended in Locke's solution, and prolonged it when suspended in plasma. A solution of bleef -blood serum-fibrinogen suspended in Locke's solution and in plasma did not significantly affect the sedimentation time. Witte's peptone suspended in Locke's solution or in plasma prolonged the sedimentation time insignificantly. Talc or kaolin were without effect on the sedimentation time, Dog-bile suspended in plasma prolonged the Sedimentation time.
Reality of glove use and handwashing in a community hospital

Abstract Background: Since the advent of universal precautions and body substance isolation, few studies have examined the relationship between glove use and handwashing. Methods: During a 5-month period in 1991, 477 structured observations were conducted on 19 patient care units at a community teaching hospital during each of three shifts. Patient care contacts were defined as either high level or low level according to potential for blood or body fluid contact. Results: Health care workers were potentially exposed to body fluids (high-level contact) on 152 occasions. Eighty-eight percent of all high-level contacts were limited to the hands; 47% of these contacts occurred during the night shift. Handwashing occurred after 32% of high-level contacts. Health-care workers wore gloves in 57% of high-level contacts. Rates of handwashing and glove use varied markedly among patient care units. Correct handwashing (≥ 9 seconds) occurred after 20% of contacts when health care workers wore gloves but after only 3% of high-level contacts when gloves were not used ( p = 0.004). Conclusions: Despite universal precautions or body substance isolation, educational efforts, and written policies, rates of handwashing and glove use are inadequate in cases of potential blood and body fluid contact. The perceived need for gloves may encourage handwashing.
Evaluation‐based accreditation: Alternative approach to regulating continuing medical education providers

Approximately 2500 organizations are accredited to sponsor continuing medical education (CME) in the United States. Although teaching-oriented and learner-centered approaches predominate current thinking in regard to CME accreditation, the prevailing model in the US is teaching oriented. A third strategy, evaluation-based accreditation, is proposed. It encourages sponsors to progress through higher levels of accreditation, based upon their proficiency in evaluating CME activities. To the extent that sponsors demonstrate success at implementing evaluation, they become sanctioned to provide selected CME instructional designs, culminating at the highest of four accreditation levels with the ability to measure patient outcomes and the privilege of joint sponsoring CME activities with unaccredited organizations.
Patients Report Better Satisfaction with Part-Time Primary Care Physicians, Despite Less Continuity of Care and Access

BACKGROUND The growing number of primary care physicians (PCPs) reducing their clinical work hours has raised concerns about meeting the future demand for services and fulfilling the continuity and access mandates for patient-centered care. However, the patient’s experience of care with part-time physicians is relatively unknown, and may be mediated by continuity and access to care outcomes.
Factors Influencing Sephadex Separation of Bovine and Ovine Spermatozoa

Abstract Fewer spermatozoa passed through a Sephadex G-15 column (40 to 120 μ m) when bovine sperm were extended in homogenized whole milk than in Tris-stepwise or Tris-complete extender (22 vs. 51 or 52%). Fewer bovine spermatozoa were recovered when they were extended in skim milk rather than in TEST or egg yolk-citrate (18 vs. 66 or 70%). The percentage of immotile ovine sperm from the caput or corpus epididymidis passing through a Sephadex column (∼65%) was similar to that for motile sperm from the cauda epididymidis (66%). For bovine sperm, 50% of the immotile sperm from the proximal caput or 60% of the progressively motile sperm from the distal cauda epididymidis passed through a Sephadex column, but far fewer (21 to 43%) of the immotile sperm from the distal caput or corpus epididymidis passed through the column. Retention of bovine or ovine sperm within the filter also was independent of the percentage of sperm with an intact acrosome. Thus, passage of sperm through a Sephadex G-15 column does not separate motile from immotile sperm or those with a normal acrosome from other sperm. The separation of sperm probably is on the basis of complex and interacting properties of the spermatozoal plasma membrane, the medium suspending the sperm, and the Sephadex gel. The Sephadex filtration procedure was unsatisfactory for evaluating quality of sperm in skim and homogenized whole milk extenders.
Concept and utilization of a regional cyclotron center

Abstract Cyclotrons have been proven to be valuable tools associated with development and applications of radioisotopes, radiochemicals and radiopharmaceuticals. Utilization of cyclotrons in biomedical research has increased to cover applications with SPECT and PET as major imaging modalities. The extensive cost of establishing a cyclotron facility has prompted development of more economically feasible sources of radioisotopes such as radioisotope generators. This idea presents the disadvantages of less versatility and production shortage. Therefore, the concept of a regional cyclotron center is being introduced for production of radiotracers to be utilized by users in the area. The Cyclotron Facility at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (UTHSC-H) is being developed as a regional center where numerous radioisotopes and radiotracers have been developed and applied to various fields.
REGRESSION ANALYSIS WITH ASYMMETRIC LINEAR LOSS

Asymmetric loss functions often arise where regression estimates are used in management decision making. However, regression analysis has traditionally made use of a symmetric loss function in which the cost of underestimating equals the cost of overestimating. If the loss function is linear and the degree of asymmetry can be determined, the asymmetric regression method presented in this paper can be employed to find appropriate regression estimates. Asymmetric regression analysis requires no unusual data inputs other than an estimate of the cost asymmetry and can be performed efficiently using standard linear programming techniques.
Eliminating the Confusion Over the EdD and PhD in Colleges and Schools of Education

This article argues that despite an absence of distinctions in implementation, there are perceived and actual differences between the Ed.D. and Ph.D. degrees in education. Failure to make the distinctions in administering the degrees has caused confusion among faculty in other fields and within graduate schools. The article suggests that all doctoral degrees in education be changed to the Ph.D. with two tracks-one for scholars of practice and one for scholarly practitioners.
Explicit determination of the complex refractive index of an absorbing medium from reflectance measurements at and near normal incidence

Measurement of reflectance at normal incidence R and its fractional change ΔR/R caused by a change of the angle of incidence from 0 to a small angle ϕ (ϕ ≲ 20°) permits explicit determination of both the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k of an isotropic absorbing medium. The medium of incidence (ambient) is assumed to have a known refractive index (e.g., =1 for vacuum or air), and the incident light is either p or s linearly polarized.
Genetics of esterase-mediated insecticide resistance in the aphid Schizaphis graminum

The genetics of organophosphate resistance, including the pattern of inheritance and the underlying genetic mechanism, were investigated in the aphid Schizaphis graminum (the greenbug). Resistant greenbugs with pattern 1 (R1) and pattern 2 (R2) esterase and susceptible (S) greenbugs were induced into the sexual cycle and crossed. Each resistance-associated esterase pattern in the greenbug was inherited in a Mendelian fashion as a single gene. An aphid clone that displayed both resistance-associated esterase patterns was produced in the F1 generation of a cross between R2 and R1 insects, and was designated pattern 3 (R3). DNA from different R1 aphids and the R3 aphid clone displayed a restriction fragment pattern different from that of R2 and S clones, and about a twofold increase in hybridization compared with S aphids. DNA from R2 clones showed no restriction fragment differences or increased hybridization signal compared to S insects. These findings suggest that the mechanism behind the R1 esterase activity may be gene amplification, but that the R2 elevated esterase activity may result from a different genetic mechanism.
Activity Systems and Conflict Resolution in an Online Professional Communication Course

Conflicts often arise in online professional communication class discussions as students discuss sensitive ethical issues relating to the workplace. When conflicts arise in an online class, the activity system of the class has to be kept in balance for the course to continue functioning effectively. Activity theory and distributed learning theory are useful for studying this process of conflict resolution and online communication. Several strategies can be used to facilitate conflict resolution in online courses, based on these theories: complimenting, generalizing, and agreeing. These normalizing strategies can improve conflict resolution in online professional communication courses as well as in various online communication contexts.
STD-TLB: A STT-RAM-based dynamically-configurable translation lookaside buffer for GPU architectures

Translation lookaside buffer (TLB) was recently introduced into modern graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures to support virtual memory addressing. Compared to CPUs, the performance of GPUs is more sensitive to the capacity of TLBs because of heavier memory accesses. However, large SRAM cell area greatly limits the implementable capacity of conventional SRAM-based TLBs. In this work, we propose using STT-RAM to construct TLBs in light of the unique memory access pattern in GPUs, i.e., infrequent data updates. STT-RAM TLB can replace its same-area SRAM counterpart with greater capacity, similar read performance and lower energy consumption. As an optimization of STT-RAM TLB, we further propose a STT-RAM-based dynamically-configurable TLB (STD-TLB) by leveraging differential sensing technique. STD-TLB can switch between high-capacity mode and high-performance mode on-the-fly based on real-time application needs. Our experiments show that compared to SRAM TLB, standard STT-RAM TLB improves the performance and energy delay product of GPU address translation by 32% and 75%, respectively, while STD-TLB achieves additional 15% and 13% improvements over standard STT-RAM TLB.
An animal model to investigate the interaction between the immune system and oral carcinomas

In an attempt to investigate the role of the immune system in oral squamous cell carcinoma, an animal model was developed with an inbred strain of mice. Well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas were induced with a polycyclic hydrocarbon in immunogenetically identical mice. The oral tumors that developed were maintained in vivo. Once established, the tumors were adapted to tissue culture and the resulting cell lines were cloned. An immunization protocol was formulated to detect the generation of cytolytic effector cells by using a microcytotoxic chromium-51 release assay to assess the immune response of the host.
Computational experience with an algorithm for 0–1 integer programming

Abstract In a previous paper in this journal, the authors described an implicit enumeration algorithm for the all integer programming problem. In this paper, a specialization of the aforementioned algorithm for 0–1 integer programming problems is developed. The computational efficiency of this specialization is investigated by solving a set of test problems, using a computer code of the algorithm written for this purpose.
Preoperative Versus Postoperative Radiotherapy in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Multi-Institutional Analysis of 821 Patients

Purpose To assess the impact of radiotherapy (RT) sequencing with surgery on overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival (CSS), local failure, and distant failure in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). Methods and Materials A retrospective analysis was conducted using the National Oncology Database, a proprietary database of aggregated tumor registries owned by IMPAC Medical Systems (Sunnyvale, CA). Patients with STS of all major anatomic sites who received definitive surgery and either preoperative (preop) or postoperative (postop) RT were included. Patients were also required to have known stage and grade. Prognostic factors for survival were identified using multivariate techniques. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared for statistical significance ( p Results A total of 821 patients met inclusion criteria. The median follow-up time was 63 months. Age, stage, histology, gender, tumor size, and RT sequence were independent predictors for OS ( p p p p Conclusion Preoperative RT is associated with a reduced cancer-specific mortality compared with postoperative RT in STS. The results of this study may serve as motivation to conduct future prospective studies with larger patient numbers.
738 CHEMILUMINESCENCE RESPONSE OF NEONATAL LEUKOCYTES

Neonatal PMN may have abnormal metabolic function leading to defects in intracellular microbicidal activity. We have studied leukocytes from 14 healthy term infants and 5 stressed premature (30-36 weeks gestation) infants in order to determine the presence of functional abnormalities associated with ingestion of opsonized zymosan or group B streptococci. PMN separated by dextran sedimentation with ammonium chloride induced erythrocyte lysis were washed twice and resuspended in PBS. Control cells were obtained from normal adult volunteers. Studies were performed using both a chemiluminescence (CL) and a 3H labeled group B streptococcal uptake technique. Chemiluminescence from term neonatal PMN was comparable to adult controls in all instances when zymosan was used as the ingested particle. Two of the term infants tested, however, showed depressed CL in response to opsonized group B streptococci. In contrast, CL studies of the stressed neonatal PMN were abnormal in 3 of 5 instances using opsonized zymosan and all 5 instances with group B streptococci. No phagocytic defect was evident by radiolabeled group B streptococcal uptake and microscopic examination. Since chemiluminescence is produced when the microbicidal mechanism of the neutrophil is activated, the abnormal results suggest a metabolic abnormality is present in some term and most preterm neonatal PMN. The presence of this defect may contribute to the high mortality observed with infection in stressed, preterm infants.
Partition theorems for Abelian groups

Abstract Let A be a finite matrix with integral entries and G be an Abelian group. Define A to be partition regular in G if for every partition of G/(0) into finitely many classes there exist elemens x1,…,xm contained in one class such that A(x1,…,xm)T = 0. Theorem . A is partition regular in G iff at least one of the following statements holds. (i) There is x ∈ G/(0) such that A(x,…,x)T = 0. (ii) A is partition regular in Zpℵ0 (p prime) and Zpℵ0 ϒ G. (iii) A is partition regular in Z and the set of orders of elements in G is unbounded.
QTL mapping and the genetic basis of adaptation: recent developments

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping has been used in a number of evolutionary studies to study the genetic basis of adaptation by mapping individual QTL that explain the differences between differentiated populations and also estimating their effects and interaction in the mapping population. This analysis can provide clues about the evolutionary history of populations and causes of the population differentiation. QTL mapping analysis methods and associated computer programs provide us tools for such an inference on the genetic basis and architecture of quantitative trait variation in a mapping population. Current methods have the capability to separate and localize multiple QTL and estimate their effects and interaction on a quantitative trait. More recent methods have been targeted to provide a comprehensive inference on the overall genetic architecture of multiple traits in a number of environments. This development is important for evolutionary studies on the genetic basis of multiple trait variation, genotype by environment interaction, host—parasite interaction, and also microarray gene expression QTL analysis.
A stochastic model of the temporal aspect of breeding strategies.

Abstract A basic concern of modern biology is the natural translation of the real world into mathematics. Thus, effort is directed toward the formulation of theories, models and null hypotheses against which the real world can be examined, both for its own sake and in order to identify anomolous situations. This paper shows that a rather complex biological situation can be modeled by quite simple mathematics, and that this model, at least superficially, does mimic the real situation. An organism is adapted to an environment in a number of ways, one of the most critical of which is that of producing offspring when they are most likely to survive. This is frequently complicated by a time lag between breeding and the actual emergence of the young, and by the fact that young often require conditions which differ from those most favorable for adults. Thus the organism must predict the occurrence of certain environmental conditions, not necessarily favorable to itself, at some fixed time in the future. This prediction is based on certain environmental cues which are correlated with the required conditions and sufficiently precede them in time. A mathematical model of this phenomenon is described using the approach of modeling the environment and the physiological portions of the problem independently and showing that they naturally fit together to imply a specific breeding strategy. In addition, a simple theoretical example is developed to illustrate this modeling technique and to show some of its implications. The model is essentially descriptive, rather than predictive, since it is felt that the utility of a model of any biological phenomenon rests ultimately on its descriptive validity; on how well it can serve as a framework for the collection and communication of facts.
Abstract B37: Differential mRNA expression, microRNA regulation and gene networks are associated with the prostate cancer disparities in African American and Caucasian American populations

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease conferred by multiple gene mutations, numerous alternations in gene expression and aberrant changes in genome composition/architecture. An area of research that continues to garner attention is PCa health disparities, wherein the African American (AA) population exhibits higher incidence and mortality rates compared to Caucasian Americans (CA). Although accumulating evidences have suggested that the widespread microRNA deregulation may play crucial role in cancer development, the relationship between population-specific microRNAs and PCa disparities remains largely unknown. To identify the genetic predispositions and oncogenic networks associated with the observed PCa disparities, we applied a systems biology approach by combining mRNA expression profiling, microRNA profiling and microRNA target searches to characterize the genetic portraits of PCa in AA and CA populations. Affymetrix human exon 1.0ST arrays and Agilent human miRNA V2 arrays were used to analyze the global mRNA and microRNA expression profiles in AA and CA prostate tissue samples. From the mRNA profiling results, a 4-way statistical analysis (t-test with 10% FDR; AA normal vs. CA normal, AA cancer vs. CA cancer, AA cancer vs. AA normal, and CA cancer vs. CA normal) has identified 275 to 987 genes with differential expression in the 4-way comparisons. Furthermore, pathway analysis revealed that the mis-regulated testosterone metabolic pathway, activated inflammatory response and up-regulated oncogenic pathways (ERK, JNK and p38) are associated with the biological differences when comparing AA normal to CA normal, AA cancer to CA cancer and AA cancer to AA normal. In addition, a microRNA/mRNA-regulated network, generated by integrating microRAN-targeted mRNAs and mRNA profiling data, suggested that the population-specific microRNAs may contribute to differential cell-cycle control, protein synthesis and cell apoptosis in AA and CA prostate cancers. Our study has demonstrated that differential gene-network regulation, driven by the population-specific mRNA and microRNA expression, may explain in part the biological differences between AA and CA prostate cancers. This work was supported by NCI grant 5U01-CA-116937 and ACS-IRG-08-091-01. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B37.
Transport and processing of the glycosylated precursor of Concanavalin A in jack-bean

Concanavalin A (ConA) is a tetrameric lectin which is synthesized in the developing cotyledons of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) as a glycosylated precursor, pro-concanavalin A (pro-ConA). The processing of pro-ConA involves the excision of a small glycopeptide from the center of the pro-ConA molecule, and the ligation of the two polypeptides. In this paper, we show that pro-ConA is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi fraction of the cells, and that the processing of pro-ConA occurs in the protein bodies. Processing is a complex process and different intermediate-sized polypeptides appear at different times during cotyledon development. The ConA-related polypeptides which accumulate during seed development may be the products of alternate processing events or breakdown products of ConA, rather than precursors of ConA. When glycosylation is prevented by tunicamycin, there is very little transport of pro-ConA out of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi system to the protein bodies; the unglycosylated pro-ConA which is transported is slowly processed. Tunicamycin does not prevent the transport of canavalin (a protein which is not glycosylated) or the transport and processing of the small amounts of glycosylated pro-ConA synthesized in the presence of the drug. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that the transport of a glycoprotein in plant cells is dependent on the presence of the glycan.
Immunochemical and biochemical analyses of myosin light chains from normal and denervated cardiac muscle.

Abstract Rabbit antisera were prepared against the combined low molecular weight subunits (the light chains) of canine cardiac myosin. The antisera reacted specifically with the light chains and with purified myosin. There were no immunochemical reactions with the heavy myosin chains. The antisera were then used to test preparations of light chains isolated from hearts maintained in a denervated condition for 12, 4, or 2 weeks prior to killing the animals. Denervation was accomplished by mediastinal neural ablation. The light chains prepared from the denervated hearts all reacted with the antisera and showed immunological identity with the light chains from control muscle. The specific adenosine triphosphatase activity of myosin prepared from hearts denervated for 12, 4, or 2 weeks exhibited a marked deviation from control activity. We concluded that, although cardiac denervation did not affect the immunological properties of myosin light chains, the biological activity of cardiac myosin was greatly reduced after 2 weeks of denervation and recovered somewhat after 4 weeks.
Haute Couture in Tehran: Two Faces of an Emerging Fashion Scene

AbstractThis article sketches a map of the formation of taste in Iran and the circulation of desire across class and geographic borders. Focusing on haute couture production in Tehran, it focuses on the careers of two designers. Discussing their sources of inspiration and the expectations of their clients, it illustrates different understandings of fashion in the city. Ideas about modernity, tradition, and the West are reworked according to the aesthetic approaches of each designer. Modernity and mobility are linked in fashion design practices, as they negotiate the tensions between state restrictions and consumer desires for fashion, modernity and bodily mobility. The ways in which designers rework or reinterpret Iranian traditional aesthetics brings to the fore the connections between Western sensibilities and those of the upper classes in Tehran. With Western taste and desires rather than Western dress informing highclass subjectivities in Tehran, dress inspired by traditional clothing is held in high ...
An assay to quantitate the binding of Leishmania amastigotes to macrophages.

Abstract A leishmania amastigote radiobinding assay has been developed using organisms labeled with tritiated uracil. These labeled amastigotes resemble freshly isolated unlabeled amastigotes in metabolic activity, bouyant density, morphology, viability and their ability to transform into promastigotes. Organisms routinely incorporate between 5 × 10 −3 and 3 × 10 −2 cpm per amastigote, which allows the detection of as little as 1 × 10 4 amastigotes per assay well. This radiolabeling technique has been used to quantitate the attachment of amastigotes to macrophages adherent to either 13 mm coverslips or to 96 well plates. It can also be used to screen monoclonal antibodies to macrophage surface proteins involved in amastigote binding. Once incorporated, the label remains amastigote associated, even after intact organisms have been internalized by macrophages. It remains parasite associated until the organisms have been degraded by macrophages, at which time label is released into the supernatant. Thus, a small adaptation of the binding assay can be used to compare the intracellular survival of amastigotes in macrophages following various experimental manipulations. This amastigote radiolabeling assay, therefore, represents an important step toward determining the receptors on macrophages involved in amastigote recognition and can also be used to study the degradation of intracellular pathogens by macrophages.
Enhanced iron(III) corrole-catalyzed oxidations with iodobenzene diacetate: Synthetic and mechanistic investigations

Abstract The electron-deficient iron(III) corrole complex catalyzes the efficient oxidation of hydrocarbons using PhI(OAc) 2 as an mild oxygen source. The catalyst stability against degradation was much enhanced owing to the mild oxidizing ability of PhI(OAc) 2 . Excellent selectivity and high catalytic efficiency (with up to 1400 TON) have been achieved in alkene epoxidations. This promising oxygen transfer process is mechanistically rationalized in terms of a putative high-valent iron(V)-oxo species as the active oxidant.