cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Political Science Perspectives on Poverty

The social science discipline of political science focuses on the study of political systems and political behavior. While political science has not developed a comprehensive theory of poverty, this article reviews political science perspectives related to the causes of poverty (culture of poverty and neo-Marxist theories of class), the role of government in addressing poverty (theories of distributive justice and public support for antipoverty policies), and political participation. The article concludes with recommendations for future research and implications for Human Behavior and the Social Environment curriculum.
Scribes After More Than 50 Years — A History

Scribes, also known as The American Society of Legal Writers, is the oldest organization in America dedicated to encouraging and recognizing excellence in legal writing. This article traces the society's 50 year history and highlights its activities. They include sponsoring awards, publishing a journal and newsletter, and conducting legal writing programs. Appendixes list the recipients of the society's Book, Brief-Writing, and Law-Review Awards.
Boundary Extension Is Sensitive to Hand Position in Young and Older Adults

Objectives Based on preliminary reports, we expected an age-related increase in boundary extension (BE), a phenomenon in which people falsely remember seeing more of a scene than was presented. Given recent data suggesting hand-centered attentional frames in young adults contrasted with body-centered attentional frames in older adults, we predicted hand-position effects on BE in young adults only. Method Participants (59 young, 60 older adults) viewed photographs of complex scenes (e.g., a market) and answered yes/no questions about each. Half answered with key presses while their hands were framing the computer monitor; half while their hands were on a lapdesk. At test, participants indicated whether photographs were the same as, or at a closer or wider angle than at study. Results Both age groups demonstrated BE. When study-test angles were the same, participants rated test pictures as closer than at study. When study-test angles differed, older adults showed less BE than young adults. For both same- and different-angle conditions, there was a main effect of hand position (less BE when hands framed the monitor than when on participants' laps). Discussion The data confirm older adults show BE but show no age-related increase. Surprisingly, both young and older adults showed hand-centered attention.
Abstract P3-02-11: Screening Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the breast in women at increased lifetime risk for breast cancer: A retrospective single institution study.

Background: Multiple factors are associated with an increased lifetime risk of breast cancer, including inheritance of an abnormal BRCA 1/2 gene, history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical hyperplasia, family history of breast cancer or previous chest wall radiation. In 2007, the American Cancer Society released updated guidelines for breast cancer screening based on risk stratification. These guidelines added annual MRI screening to mammography for women with greater than or equal to a 20–25% lifetime risk. Breast MRI screening trials have consistently demonstrated a higher sensitivity of MRI for malignancy compared with mammography, with an additional cancer yield from MRI of approximately 3%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI screening outcomes in women with an increased risk for breast cancer evaluated in an established breast subspecialty clinic within the University of Wisconsin (UW) Hospital and Clinics. Methods: Patients (Pts) were included if they were seen by a UW breast center nurse practitioner, medical or surgical oncologist between 1/1/2007–3/1/2011 with a diagnosis code of: family history of breast or ovarian cancer, genetic susceptibility to malignant neoplasm or genetic carrier, Hodgkin9s disease, LCIS, or atypical hyperplasia. Pts with a co-existing diagnosis of invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ prior to initial encounter were excluded. Demographic information, breast cancer risk factors, estimated lifetime risk of breast cancer and screening recommendations were abstracted from the medical record. Results of subsequent breast imaging examinations (including breast MRI, diagnostic and screening mammography, and image-guided biopsies) were analyzed with the use of the mammography information system (PenRad™). Results: Of 276 women who met the inclusion criteria, 148 underwent at least 1 screening breast MRI. The majority of MRI screened pts were premenopausal (82%) and Caucasian (96.6%) with a mean age of 42.5 (range 20–68) at their initial encounter. Eighty five percent had a first degree relative with breast cancer and 72.3% of pts undergoing MRI screening had a documented lifetime risk of breast cancer of 20% or greater using a validated model. Within this MRI-screened cohort, 18.2% had a known genetic predisposition to breast cancer. Over the time assessed, 307 MRIs were performed in the 148 pts. Biopsy was recommended and performed based on the results of the MRI in 31 of 307 exams (10%). Ten cancers were detected for a positive predictive value based on biopsy performed of 32% and an overall cancer yield of 3.3% (10 of 307 MRI exams). All cancers were stage 0 - II. All pts are currently with no evidence of disease. Conclusion: Breast MRI has a high positive predictive value and cancer yield with an acceptable biopsy rate in a diverse group of high risk women undergoing breast MRI at an academic center outside of a clinical trial. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-11.
What's new with common, uncommon and rare rashes in childhood.

Purpose of reviewChildren with rashes account for many of the outpatient visits to a general pediatrician. As such, pediatricians are often the first to identify and treat these rashes. Establishing an approach to common, uncommon and rare pediatric rashes assists in accurate assessment. This review
Evaluating Surface Variables Simulated by the North American RegionalClimate Change Assessment Program over the Great Lakes Region

The Great Lakes Region as important resources for water usages plays an important role in the U.S. economy. As the area might be susceptible to global warming, well-informed decisions in response to the possible global warming effects depend on accurate regional assessments by climate models such as Regional Climate Models (RCMs). Four historical RCM runs from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) were chosen to study the reliability of simulated land surface variables such as latent heat, sensible heat, surface air temperature, soil moisture, and runoff. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) was used as a truth dataset to evaluate the biases of the RCM results. The comparisons of the monthly climatology of the energy components and water budget components simulated by the RCMs and GLDAS showed that, latent heat and skin air temperature by RCMs were close to the truth data, large biases were identified for sensible heat and runoff values. Specifically, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRFG) model, which used the same Noah land scheme as in GLDAS, showed positive biases of down-welling radiation, sensible heat, and surface air temperature. The Canadian Regional Climate Model version 4 (CRCM) model was found to have lower soil water content, larger snow amount, and more snow melt than the truth data. The results from this study provide a certain degree of confidence for other studies concerning the Great Lakes region to interpret the future predictions of latent heat and air temperatures by the NARCCAP project. Meanwhile, caution should be taken to review and utilize the simulated results related to soil moisture or runoff. This study also provides insights and direction for RCM model developers to further refine related modeling parameterizations.
Recent Booh By Academy Members: Introduction to Behavioral Science for Business

The article reviews the book “Introduction to Behavioral Science for Business,” by Blair J. Kolasa.
Effects of ethanol and heat treatments of soybean meal and infusion of sodium chloride into the rumen on ruminal degradation and escape of soluble and total soybean meal protein in steers.

Soybean meal (SBM) treated with 70% ethanol at 80 C (ET), nontreated SBM (NT) or a ureacasein-corn mix (UC) was fed to steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae to study ruminal N metabolism. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was ruminally infused at 0 or 500 g/d. Nitrogen supplements provided approximately 70% of total dietary N. Experimental design was a 6 X 6 Latin square with a 3 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Total duodenal N flows and non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N (NANB-N) flows were higher (P less than .05) when steers were fed SBM treatments compared with UC, and higher (P less than .05) when steers were fed ET compared with NT. Percentage of SBM-N escaping ruminal degradation was greater (P less than .05) when steers were fed ET compared with NT, and greater (P less than .05) when NaCl was infused into the rumen. Duodenal flows of total, indispensible and dispensible amino acids were increased (P less than .05) when steers were fed SBM treatments compared with UC, and greater (P less than .05) when steers were fed ET compared with NT. No differences in soluble N flows at the omasum were observed due to treatment. Bacterial protein comprised the majority of the N leaving the rumen. Both ruminal NaCl infusion and ethanol and heat treatment of SBM increased ruminal SBM-N escape.
Management of Target Algae by Using Copper-Based Algaecides: Effects of Algal Cell Density and Sensitivity to Copper

Public concerns regarding the use of copper-based algaecide for controlling problematic algae may arise due to the risks it creates to non-target algae. To examine this concern, a series of comparative algal toxicity experiments were conducted to study effects of prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal cell densities on their responses to exposures of copper sulfate and copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA). Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were cultured separately in BG 11 medium to three initial cell densities (5 × 104, 5 × 105, and 5 × 106 cells/mL). The 96-h EC50 values of copper sulfate for M. aeruginosa at the three cell densities were 9, 63, and 112 μg Cu/L, respectively; and were 192, 1873, and 4619 μg Cu/L for P. subcapitata. The 96-h EC50 values of Cu-EA were 101 and 2579 μg Cu/L for M. aeruginosa and P. subcapitata at 106 cells/mL. The margin of safety (MOS) for P. subcapitata at 104 cells/mL was 1.3, 0.9, and 0.8 when M. aeruginosa cell density was 104, 105, and 106 cells/mL. This laboratory study suggests that applying copper-based algaecides to control problematic algae at a relatively low cell density would inhibit their growth with minimum impacts on non-target algae; risks to non-target algae would increase with increases of problematic algal cell density.
Expansion and diversification of the MSDIN family of cyclic peptide genes in the poisonous agarics Amanita phalloides and A. bisporigera

The cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms, such as α-amanitin and phalloidin, are encoded by the “MSDIN” gene family and ribosomally biosynthesized. Based on partial genome sequence and PCR analysis, some members of the MSDIN family were previously identified in Amanita bisporigera, and several other members are known from other species of Amanita. However, the complete complement in any one species, and hence the genetic capacity for these fungi to make cyclic peptides, remains unknown. Draft genome sequences of two cyclic peptide-producing mushrooms, the “Death Cap” A. phalloides and the “Destroying Angel” A. bisporigera, were obtained. Each species has ~30 MSDIN genes, most of which are predicted to encode unknown cyclic peptides. Some MSDIN genes were duplicated in one or the other species, but only three were common to both species. A gene encoding cycloamanide B, a previously described nontoxic cyclic heptapeptide, was also present in A. phalloides, but genes for antamanide and cycloamanides A, C, and D were not. In A. bisporigera, RNA expression was observed for 20 of the MSDIN family members. Based on their predicted sequences, novel cyclic peptides were searched for by LC/MS/MS in extracts of A. phalloides. The presence of two cyclic peptides, named cycloamanides E and F with structures cyclo(SFFFPVP) and cyclo(IVGILGLP), was thereby demonstrated. Of the MSDIN genes reported earlier from another specimen of A. bisporigera, 9 of 14 were not found in the current genome assembly. Differences between previous and current results for the complement of MSDIN genes and cyclic peptides in the two fungi probably represents natural variation among geographically dispersed isolates of A. phalloides and among the members of the poorly defined A. bisporigera species complex. Both A. phalloides and A. bisporigera contain two prolyl oligopeptidase genes, one of which (POPB) is probably dedicated to cyclic peptide biosynthesis as it is in Galerina marginata. The MSDIN gene family has expanded and diverged rapidly in Amanita section Phalloideae. Together, A. bisporigera and A. phalloides are predicted to have the capacity to make more than 50 cyclic hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and decapeptides.
Depletion of L3MBTL1, a PcG Gene Deleted in Patients with 20q-Associated with Hematologic Malignancies, Accelerates Erythroid Differentiation of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

L3MBTL1 is a polycomb gene located in 20q12, within the common deleted region identified in patients with 20q deletion associated with polycythaemia vera (PV), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). L3MBTL1 is expressed within CD34+ haematopoietic progenitor cells from which myeloid malignancies arise and its Drosophila homologue encodes a tumour suppressor protein. L3MBTL1 represents then a candidate target gene in 20q deletion patients. To gain insight into the role of L3MBTL1 in hematopoiesis we knocked down the level of L3MBTL1 mRNA through lentiviral expression of short hairpin RNAs in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells isolated from human cord blood (CB) cells. We achieved an approximately 80% drop in endogenous L3MBTL1 mRNA level, as determined using quantitative RT-PCR. Transduced and sorted CD34+ GFP+ CB cells were plated in liquid cultures and induced to cytokine-driven differentiation. The effect of L3MBTL1-knock down was assessed by colony assays and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), using lineage–specific cell surface markers. We demonstrate that the knock down (KD) of L3MBTL1 remarkably accelerates the differentiation of hematopoietic CD34+ cells into erythrocytes. The relative percentage of mature erythroid precursors cells, defined as CD71+ and Glycophorin A+ cells, consistently increased in the L3MBTL1-KD population, as the CD34+ cells reached this advanced stage of erythroid differentiation in fewer days than control cells. As confirmation, Giemsa staining after cytospin preparations of L3MBTL1-KD cells showed more mature morphology compared to the control cells, and benzidine staining revealed many more Hb containing-positive cells in the L3MBTL1-depleted cell population compared to the control. Monitoring of globin gene expression demonstrated that L3MBT-Knock down is involved in the regulation of only a subset of these genes, primarily the expression of the epsilon and zeta globin genes, the embryonic globin genes belonging to the beta and alpha globin gene clusters respectively. In addition to these effects a significant slowing of proliferation was seen, which likely reflects the increased differentiation of these cells. We have previously identified a role for L3MBT in binding histones H1 and H4 that contain monomethylated and dimethylated lysine residues H1k2b and H4k20 (Kalakonda et al. 2008) and compacting chromatin (Trojer et al. Cell 2007). Precisely how this feature of L3MBTL1 function in regulating the erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic cells is unknown. We however link lack of L3MBTL1 with the possible pathogenesis of PV associated with 20q deletion. We will present additional data that attempt to define the kinetics of alpha-like and beta-like globin gene expression during the erythroid maturation of L3MBTL1-KD cells in culture and to investigate a supposed synergism with the known molecular pathways of normal and malignant erythroid differentiation.
Calibration of an Airborne Single-Photon Lidar System With a Wedge Scanner

Over the past decade, boresight angle calibration of airborne laser scanning (ALS) systems has evolved from ad hoc methods often based on qualitative assessments of point cloud fidelity to rigorous self-calibration algorithms that optimize multiple sensor parameters by minimizing the spatial discrepancies between common features. Although the calibration of linear-mode ALS systems employing oscillating or rotating mirrors has been well developed, little work has addressed the calibration of emergent single-photon lidar (SPL) sensors with circular scan patterns. We adapt a least-squares algorithm employing planar-surface matching to accommodate a spinning wedge prism, employ a synthetic dynamic wedge angle by way of a trigonometric polynomial (TP) to model imperfections in the circular scanning mechanism, and address unique characteristics of SPL data within the stochastic model. Planar fit residuals are reduced by 40% with a boresight and wedge angle adjustment and a further 40% with the introduction of the synthetic wedge angle TP. The addition of the TP also improves the median vertical discrepancy between point clouds generated from fore and aft look angles by over 75%.
Triggering Change: Police Homicides, Community Healing, and the Emergent Eventfulness of the New Civil Rights

In the spring and summer of 2014, both before and after Ferguson, four police officer–involved shootings of unarmed Latino men occurred in the often criminalized and mostly Mexican enclave of East Salinas, California. These deaths at the hands of state agents created significant triggers for many locals—knee-jerk reactions to present stimuli in relation to difficult and diffuse past experiences—generating unprecedented, and sometimes unacknowledged, affective and ethical responses among those who have long abided countless unresolved gang-related deaths in the city. The official downplaying of the deaths as something that “never happens here” stood in contrast to resident responses that stressed the ongoing, if less overt, occurrence of state disregard. Such disparity, as registered in many East Salinans’ triggers, indicates the relative eventfulness of state violence that is both slow and ongoing, in addition to occasionally spectacular, in criminalized communities in late liberal America. As a concept imported from psychology in the general mainstreaming of discourses of trauma, triggers are conceptualized here instead as socially generated and ethically generative, a way of marking and making time and transforming the systematic exhaustion of criminalized life into a political resource. Tracing these temporal tripwires ethnographically in East Salinas, in light of a local social project of healing, illuminates the affective and ethical impetus to both political engagement and disengagement in persistently criminalized communities of color as they encounter police homicides and state violence, refracting the proliferating project of making lives matter.
Competency, Programming, and Emerging Innovation in Graduate Education Within Schools of Pharmacy: The Report of the 2016-2017 Research and Graduate Affairs Committee

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYGraduate education in the pharmaceutical sciences is a cornerstone of research within pharmacy schools. Pharmaceutical scientists are critical contributors to addressing the challenges of new drug discovery, delivery, and optimal care in order to ensure improved therapeutic outcomes in populations of patients. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) charged the 2016-2017 Research and Graduate Affairs Committee (RGAC) to define the competencies necessary for graduate education in the pharmaceutical sciences (Charge 1), recommend collaborative curricular development across schools of pharmacy (Charge 2), recommend AACP programing for graduate education (Charge 3), and provide guidance on emerging areas for innovation in graduate education (Charge 4). With respect to Charges 1 and 2, the RGAC committee developed six domains of core competencies for graduate education in the pharmaceutical sciences as well as recommendations for shared programming. For Charge 3, the committee ...
GLOSSARY OF MINERAL SYNONYMS.By Jeffrey de Fourestier. Canadian Mineralogist, Special Publication No. 2, Ottawa, Ontario, 1999, 448 p. Hardbound $50 ($40 for members of the Mineralogical Association of Canada).

Nomenclature is a necessary and dynamic part of mineralogy. Thousands of names have been given to minerals and related materials since antiquity. Within the past forty years, effort by the International Mineralogical Association’s Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names has greatly simplified and systematized mineral nomenclature and frequent editions of Fleischer’s Glossary of Mineral Species make it easy to keep up-to-date with the names of valid mineral species. The really difficult aspect of mineral nomenclature is dealing with the superfluous, …
Understanding the relationship between student attitudes and student learning

Students who enter a college physics class with more expertlike attitudes about physics perform better than students with more novicelike attitudes.
Intraoperative Completion Angiogram May Be Superior to Transesophageal Echocardiogram for Detection of Pulmonary Artery Residual Lesions in Congenital Heart Surgery

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic capabilities of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) compared to completion angiography for detection of residual post-operative pulmonary artery lesions. This is a retrospective review of 19 consecutive surgical cases involving the pulmonary arteries that had post-operative TEE and completion angiography from 2014 to 2017. The echocardiograms were reviewed by 2 blinded examiners and categorized as adequate or inadequate visualization of the surgical repair. Based on TEE images, the surgical repair was graded as no revision necessary, residual lesion present requiring revision, or unable to assess. TEE was compared to completion angiography to determine the ability of each method to detect residual pulmonary artery lesions. Fifty-three percent of TEE imaging was graded as inadequate. Based on TEE, surgical revision was indicated in 2 of 19 cases. Completion angiography documented 4 additional residual lesions resulting in surgical revision in 6 of 19 patients. TEE sensitivity for detecting residual pulmonary artery lesions was 40%. One Glenn patient with adequate image quality and repair by TEE had moderate left pulmonary artery stenosis by completion angiography. All other discrepancies occurred in patients with inadequate TEE imaging. No patient with pulmonary artery abnormalities had hemodynamic instability or excessive desaturations. Completion angiography-related complications included three transient arrhythmias with no increased incidence of acute kidney injury. Completion angiography may be more effective than TEE at detecting post-operative pulmonary artery lesions even in patients not manifesting clinical symptoms. Documentation of residual lesions with completion angiography allows immediate surgical revision potentially limiting necessity for future interventions.
Adult and student interactions in nonclassroom settings.

As students transition into adolescence they are often permitted greater independence in nonclassroom settings within schools and thus the opportunities for problem behaviors increase. However, nonclassroom settings can also provide an opportunity for students and school staff to engage in informal yet positive interactions. This paper aimed to identify potential predictors of observed student behaviors in nonclassroom settings in high schools, such as characteristics of the settings (e.g., location) and observed adult behaviors. Hierarchical analyses were conducted on observational data (N = 917) collected in nonclassroom settings (i.e., arrival/departure, hallway/stairway, and cafeteria) in 58 high schools. Fewer negative student behaviors and increased positive student behaviors were observed when adults actively connected with students. Furthermore, the frequency of negative student behaviors varied by location, time of year, and time of day. This study contributes to prior literature through the focus on nonclassroom settings, examination of adult as well as student behavior, and the use of observational methodology in high schools. Implications for schools seeking to reduce problem behaviors and improve school climate in nonclassroom settings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Facilitators and barriers to patients' engagements with personal health records: systematic review

The purpose of this paper is to identify the facilitators and barriers to patents' engagement with Personal Health Records (PHR). We performed systematic review searching Pub Med, IEEE, and Google Scholar for studies published between January, 2001 to September, 2012. Among the 508 articles identified, 14 articles included in the result. We extracted the key study characteristics and categorized facilitators and barriers using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In total, there were 10 barriers, and 6 facilitators identified. The 6 facilitators were related to both perceived usefulness and ease of use, where the barriers were mostly related to ease of use. Recruited participants were mostly older patients with chronic diseases. The result of this review indicates that patients in general recognize the value of PHR but they appear to have technical difficulties.
Challenges in trauma care

Health care systems fail to provide treatments that are known to work, persist in using treatments that don’t work, enforce delays, and tolerate high levels of error.
Transfer of Mercury and Cadmium from Terrestrial to Aquatic Ecosystems

The ecological problems of toxic heavy metals have generated a progression of review articles from specialty journals to semipopular magazines to national news media (I), and inevitably the backlash has set in (2). Still, the ecological status of mercury and cadmium remains incompletely known. While many of the pollutive discharges of mercury and cadmium have been identified and assessed, the natural background concentrations of these elements in the environment due to release by weathering of rocks and volcanic events are not well understood.
Why Am I What I Am

This chapter focuses on man and the aspects of the human nervous system that make man unique among all living creatures. In man the cerebral cortex is much more developed and complex than in other animals such as chimpanzees, rats, and tree shrews. Man, in particular, has large areas of cortex that are uncommitted at birth which with development become programmed for serving the subjective self and speech. The large areas of the cerebral cortex that man possesses above and beyond other animals are concentrated in the parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and frontal lobe. The somesthetic cortex analyzes and combines sensations from the skin and deeper regions of the body, including its joints, where angles bespeak position and movement. Other regions of the parietal lobe blend all these sensations with others, the sights and sounds evaluated by the nearby occipital and temporal lobes. In the parietal lobe, afferent input from many systems, particularly the somatosensory, visual, and vestibular, is integrated. The result is a bigger, more meaningful picture in which a person's self begins to take form amidst its environment.
Wanderlust and the Gendering of Mobility

This chapter draws a link between Rebecca Solnit’s Wanderlust, which describes an indelible bond between walking, mobility, and political action, and the critique of the gendering of mobility through spatial transgression. Both Amelia Earhart’s insurgency into the male-dominated world of early aviation, and Joni Mitchell’s ruminations about domesticity and the refuge of the road are explicated as forms of errancy that challenged accepted notions of a woman’s “proper” place. In each case, remaining out-of-place served as the basis of their spatial transgression. This chapter also includes an analysis of how the moving individual body can serve as a substitute for the body politic, and in doing so, disrupt the body politic writ large.
Quantitative CT and 19F-MRI tracking of perfluorinated encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells to assess graft immunorejection

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 12–14% of the world population, and many are not eligible for conventional treatment. For these patients, microencapsulated stem cells (SCs) offer a novel means to transplant mismatched therapeutic SCs to prevent graft immunorejection. Using c-arm CT and 19F-MRI for serial evaluation of dual X-ray/MR-visible SC microcapsules (XMRCaps) in a non-immunosuppressed rabbit PAD model, we explore quantitative evaluation of capsule integrity as a surrogate of transplanted cell fate. XMRCaps were produced by impregnating 12% perfluorooctylbromine (PFOB) with rabbit or human SCs (AlloSC and XenoSC, respectively). Volume and 19F concentration measurements of XMRCaps were assessed both in phantoms and in vivo, at days 1, 8 and 15 after intramuscular administration in rabbits (n = 10), by 3D segmenting the injection sites and referencing to standards with known concentrations. XMRCap volumes and concentrations showed good agreement between CT and MRI both in vitro and in vivo in XenoSC rabbits. Injected capsules showed small variations over time and were similar between AlloSC and XenoSC rabbits. Histological staining revealed high cell viability and intact capsules 2 weeks after administration. Quantitative and non-invasive tracking XMRCaps using CT and 19F-MRI may be useful to assess graft immunorejection after SC transplantation.
Pakistan’s Forgotten Founders: A Case Study Of Sikander Hyat-Khan:

Many nations have a short list of celebrated founders, while the contributions of many others are lost in history. An intriguing example of this narrowcasting of founders is Pakistan, where the dom...
A Cytological study ofScaevola Lobelia Linn

1. The paper is a detailed account of the prophasic changes in the nuclei of the microspore mother cells inScœvola Lobelia Linn. 2. The leptotene threads are beaded with clear diamond-shaped areas. It is therefore probable that the threads are double. 3. There are eight diplotene pairs and these are of different lengths. The nature and number of the chiasmata in these pairs are followed. 4. The late diplotene chromosomes show the presence of two coiled strands in specially favourable preparations. 5. The haploid number of chromosomes is determined from several countings to be eight; this number also corresponds to the number of diplotene pairs. 6. After the second division in the mother cells, the microspores are formed which show the typical tetrahedral arrangement. 7. The pollen grains are binucleate at the time of liberation from the anther locules.
Role Modeling to Teach Communication and Professionalism in Prelicensure Nursing Students

Abstract Role modeling therapeutic communication and professionalism is an active teaching strategy for prelicensure nursing students. This role modeling strategy supplements theoretical content taught in the classroom and assists students in formulating concrete examples rather than abstract ideas. A mixed method, nonexperimental descriptive study was conducted to identify various therapeutic and nontherapeutic communication patterns as well as professional and unprofessional behaviors exhibited in a simulated patient scenario.
Total compared with partial pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: assessment of resection margin, readmission rate, and survival from the U.S. National Cancer Database.

Introduction Total pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has historically been associated with substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Given advancements in perioperative and postoperative care, evaluation of the surgical treatment options for pancreatic adenocarcinoma should consider patient outcomes and long-term survival for total pancreatectomy compared with partial pancreatectomy. Methods The U.S. National Cancer Database was queried for patients undergoing total pancreatectomy or partial pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma during 1998–2006. Demographics, tumour characteristics, operative outcomes, 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission, additional treatment, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were compared. Results The database query returned 807 patients who underwent total pancreatectomy and 5840 who underwent partial pancreatectomy. More patients who underwent total pancreatectomy than a partial pancreatectomy had a margin-negative resection ( p < 0.0001). Mortality and readmission rates were similar in the two groups, as was longterm survival on Kaplan–Meier curves ( p = 0.377). A statistically significant difference in the rate of surgery only (without additional treatment) was observed for patients in the total pancreatectomy group ( p = 0.0003). Conclusions Although total compared with partial pancreatectomy was associated with a higher rate of marginnegative resection, median survival was not significantly different for patients undergoing either procedure. Patients who underwent total pancreatectomy were significantly less likely to receive adjuvant therapy.
Ultraviolet All-Optical Switching via Zinc Oxide Thin Films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor material exhibiting a wide bandgap in the ultraviolet (UV) region. ZnO is a promising material for use in short-wave optoelectronic devices such as all-optical switches (AOSs). Our switch is composed of a polycrystalline ZnO thin film grown by DC sputter deposition and uses a 120ps control pulse tuned to the band edge of the film to modify the transmission of a weaker signal pulse. The signal light is heavily absorbed in the absence of the control pulse, representing an off state of the switch. The control pulse, when incident on the film, resonantly excites electrons to create excitons. This decreases the material’s absorption by filling energy states and screening the built-in electric field of the ZnO. Consequently, more signal light is transmitted by the film, representing an on state.
DMD-based three-dimensional chromatic confocal microscopy.

In this paper, a digital mirror device (DMD)-based chromatic confocal microscopy is proposed and demonstrated for three-dimensional (3D) surface profiling without any mechanical scanning. In this method, the DMD works as the multipoint source and multi-pinhole at the same time to achieve the lateral scanning. Moreover, axial scanning is realized through the chromatic aberration of the confocal optics. Since the micromirror array of the DMD is not perpendicular to the confocal imaging axis, a corresponding calibration is needed to eliminate the tilt effects and perform accurate 3D imaging. The measurement range with the current optical system is 45 µm over 505–650 nm working spectrum and can be increased by using a custom objective with large chromatic aberration. The system performance has been demonstrated with a multistep sample.
The afterlife of reproductive slavery: biocapitalism and black feminism’s philosophy of history: by Alys Eve Weinbaum, Durham and London, Duke University Press, 2019, ix + 286 pp., $26.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1478002840

In 2019 Alys Eve Weinbaum, Professor of English at the University of Washington, published The Afterlife of Reproductive Slavery: Biocapitalism and Black Feminism’s Philosophy of History. Weinbaum ...
Impact of melphalan dose during reduced‐intensity conditioning on engraftment of cord blood transplantation for chronic Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated T or NK cell lymphoproliferative diseases

The rejection rate in cord blood transplants for chronic Epstein-Bar virus-associated T or natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases using our standard reduced-intensity conditioning "LPAM140 regimen," which includes fludarabine, melphalan (LPAM), etoposide, and antithymocyte globulin, has been high. To ensure better engraftment, we increased the LPAM dose to 210 mg/m2 ("LPAM210 regimen"). Patient data (n = 22; LPAM140, n = 7; LPAM210, n = 15) were analyzed retrospectively. The engraftment rate after the LPAM210 regimen (100.0%) was significantly higher than that after the LPAM140 regimen (57.1%; P = .002). Fludarabine combined with melphalan (210 mg/m2 ) had a favorable impact on engraftment.
A new method for assessing stage-based hydraulic fracturing quality in Wolfcamp formation of Permian Basin

Abstract In 2018 US Geological Survey assessed Wolfcamp formation in Permian Basin at west Texas and southwest New Mexico, USA as the world's largest tight oil play that has the most technically recoverable reserves. This is the result of favorable combination of tectonic activities and the depositional environments in the Paleozoic period. Three major cycles of tectonic movements controlled the creation of Permian Basin and its sub-basins. Frequent seawater inundations and retreats caused cyclic changes in depositional environments from Pennsylvania to early Permian ages, leading to the formation of an organic rich, tight and thick formation, the highly heterogeneous Wolfcamp play. Advanced completion technology of combining horizontal drilling with multi-stage massive hydraulic fracturing is needed for the commercial development of Wolfcamp play. Successful application of advanced completion technology in Wolfcamp faces two challenges: stage-after-stage cumulative stress-shadow effects and localized heterogeneity in lithofacies and reservoir quality. The “one-for-all” fracturing design needs to be able to fine-tune stage-by-stage based on real-time feedback from fracturing quality of previous stage. Existing methods, from production logging to micro-seismic mapping, cannot provide real-time feedback of stage-based treatment quality. We propose a new method in this paper. The new method is based on the assumption that constant density of slick-water at shut-in intervals during hydraulic fracturing allows an accurate calculation of bottom-hole pressure from surface treatment pressure and true vertical depth at each stage. Using real-time on-site monitored surface treatment pressures during shut-in intervals at the end of pad and flush injections, stage-by-stage fracturing quality are calculated. Two Wolfcamp case studies in Midland Basin at Reagan County, Texas show that the new method can be used to quantify stage-based treatment qualities. Stage-based fracturing qualities from this new method are consistent with stage-based treatment results evaluated using other methods.
Hypergraph-based Coding Schemes for Two Source Coding Problems under Maximal Distortion

We consider two problems in multiterminal source coding under maximal distortion: distributed coding for computing and successive refinement. In distributed coding for computing, we propose a hypergraph-based coding scheme which matches the sum-rate bound of the Berger-Tung inner bound. Further, this scheme matches the entire Berger-Tung inner region when the sources are independent and it outperforms existing graph-based coding schemes. For successive refinement, we propose a hypergraph-based scheme that attains the entire rate region.
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring of Water Heaters Using Low-Resolution Data

Electric water heaters consume approximately 19% of the total energy in residential buildings and may be used as virtual batteries to provide a variety of ancillary services for the electric grid. With the proliferation of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) smart meters, vast amounts of data have become available for non-intrusive load disaggregation. Disaggregating major appliances such as water heaters using low-resolution AMI data may assist in assessing residential virtual battery potential at a regional level. In this paper, we assess the use of a graph signal processing algorithm for non-intrusive load disaggregation of a hybrid heat pump water heater. Algorithm performance is evaluated for disaggregating the water heater signal in the presence of a variety of other loads and operational modes. Real-world data sampled in the field at a frequency of 1 minute and downsampled for the purpose of this study to 15 minutes were used to simulate typical AMI meter sampling frequency. Results demonstrate that F-measures (the harmonic mean of precision and recall values) > 0.90 are achievable for water heater disaggregation.
Recent Advances in the Methods of Slope Stability and Deformation Analyses

Landslides are among one of the most devastating natural disasters affecting millions of people, causing tens of thousands of deaths and resulting in millions to billions of dollars of damage annually. Examination of historical data suggests an increase in the number of slope failures along with an increase in the two major triggers—an increase in the number of significant earthquakes and wetter than average annual precipitations. These trends highlight the continued need to improve landslide science and understanding. This paper presents a summary of the recent advances in knowledge pertinent to the methods of slope stability and deformation analyses starting with the state of practice as detailed by Prof. J. Michael Duncan in 1996. Specifically, the paper focuses on the improvements to the computational and graphical capabilities with the widespread use and availabilities of computers, the ability to perform macro level stability analysis for regions, the advent of probabilistic slope stability analyses, developments in slope stability analyses of unsaturated slopes, and new methods to perform deformation analyses. Several case studies highlighting these advances are also included.
Impact of a dynamic ankle orthosis on acute pain and function in patients with mechanical foot and ankle pain

Abstract Background Over two million Americans visit the doctor each year for foot and ankle pain stemming from a degenerative condition or injury. Ankle-foot orthoses can effectively manage symptoms, but traditional designs have limitations. This study investigates the acute impact of a novel “dynamic ankle-foot orthosis” (“orthosis”) in populations with mechanical pain (from motion or weight-bearing). Methods With and without the brace, participants (n = 25) performed standing, over-ground level walking, treadmill level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, single leg hold, squat, and sitting. Instrumented insoles captured in-shoe vertical forces and a visual analog scale was used to assess pain levels during each activity. Subsequently, the self-perceived impact of the orthosis on the patient's symptoms and function was ranked on a scale from −10 (most worsened) to +10 (most improved). Findings Peak in-shoe force was reduced during level and stair walking (P Interpretation The orthosis effectively improved pain symptoms and improved the ability of impaired individuals to complete functional activities of daily living such as level walking and stair walking.
The soul and its shell

Historian Brandy Schillace9s new book, Mr. Humble and Dr. Butcher—so titled to evoke Robert Louis Stevenson9s Jekyll and Hyde—offers a probing and provocative portrait of the American neurosurgeon and neurophysiologist Robert J. White (1926–2010), whose life9s ambition was to establish that the brain—the seat of consciousness, personhood, or, as a pious Catholic like White conceived of it, the human soul—could be separated from its bodily shell and even transferred to another body.
Social and Emotional Development: The Role of Authenticity in the Psychosocial Development of Students With Gifts and Talents:

This column explores the concept of authenticity in the psychosocial development of students with gifts and talents. The author describes how authenticity is critical to students’ psychological wel...
Rapid Dissemination of a COVID-19 Airway Management Simulation Using a Train-the-Trainers Curriculum.

PROBLEM: The most effective way to train clinicians to safely don and doff personal protective equipment (PPE) and perform aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), such as intubations, is unknown when clinician educators are unavailable as they have been during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper PPE and airway management techniques are critical to prevent the transmission of respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19. APPROACH: In March 2020, the authors implemented a structured train-the-trainers curriculum to teach PPE techniques and a modified airway management algorithm for suspected COVID-19 patients. A single emergency medicine physician trainer taught 17 subsequent emergency medicine and critical care physician trainers the proper PPE and airway management techniques. The initial trainer and 7 of the subsequent trainers then instructed 99 other emergency medicine resident and attending physicians using in situ simulation. Trainers and learners completed retrospective pre-post surveys to assess their comfort teaching the material and performing the techniques, respectively. OUTCOMES: The surveys demonstrated a significant increase in the trainers' comfort in teaching simulation-based education, from 4.00 to 4.53 on a 5-point Likert scale (P < .005), and in teaching the airway management techniques through simulation, from 2.47 to 4.47 (P < .001). There was no difference in the change in comfort level between those learners who were taught by the initial trainer and those who were taught by the subsequent trainers. These results suggest that the subsequent trainers were as effective in teaching the simulation material as the initial trainer. NEXT STEPS: Work is ongoing to investigate clinician- and patient-specific outcomes, including PPE adherence, appropriate AGP performance, complication rate, and learners' skill retention. Future work will focus on implementing similar train-the-trainers strategies for other health professions, specialties, and high-risk or rare procedures.
Androgen and glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation following resistance exercise and pre-workout supplementation.

Abstract Purpose Consumption of caffeine or caffeine containing pre-workout supplements (SUPP) augments steroid hormone responses to resistance exercise (RE). However, the activation of glucocorticoid (GR) and androgen receptors (AR) following RE SUPP has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a pre-workout supplement on AR and GR phosphorylation following RE. Methods: In a randomized, counter-balanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover study, ten resistance-trained males (( X ¯ ±SD, age = 22 ± 2.4 yrs, hgt = 175 ± 7 cm, body mass = 84.1 ± 11.8 kg) performed four sets of 8 repetitions of barbell back squats at 75% of their 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) with two minutes of rest between sets and a fifth set of barbell back squats at 60% of 1-RM until concentric failure. A SUPP or flavor and color matched placebo (PL) was consumed 60-minutes prior to RE. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained prior to supplementation at rest (BL), and ten minutes post-exercise (POST). Biopsies were analyzed for phosphorylated GR (ser134, ser211, and ser226) and phosphorylated AR (ser81, ser213, ser515, ser650) via western blotting. Results: pGRser134 decreased, and pGRser226 increased following RE (p 0.05). pGRser211 was unchanged after RE (p > 0.05). pARser515 increased, and total AR expression decreased after RE (p 0.05). Conclusion: RE influences AR and GR phosphorylation, and SUPP minimally influences this response in the early recovery period.