cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of protein synthesis by polypeptide antibiotics. 3. Ribosomal site of inhibition.

The mechanism by which time antibiotics of the PA 114 complex inhibited protein synthesis in cell-free extracts of bacteria was studied. The antibiotic consists of at least two components belonging to two major groups, A and B. Although each antibiotic of groups A and B was effective individually in inhibiting protein synthesis in vivo , in combination they acted synergistically. PA 114 A inhibited protein synthesis best when messenger RNA was not attached to the ribosome and functioning. If the antibiotic was added after the messenger RNA-aminoacyl-tRNA-ribosome complex had formed and was functioning, inhibition of protein synthesis was decreased. This study showed that PA 114 A inimibited polyuridylic acid-directed binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to 70 S ribosomes. The antibiotic inhibited ribosome function by specifically destroying the functioning of the 50 S ribosome subunit. PA 114 B acted synergistically to inhibit protein synthesis by enhancing the effect of the A component on the 50 S ribosome. These results suggested that the inhibition of protein synthesis by these antibiotics involved an interaction with a site on the 50 S ribosome subunit of the functional 70 S ribosome required for protein synthesis. This site was perhaps the same as or close to the site at which aminoacyl-tRNA bound.
What jesus says to public administration

This essay argues that the teachings and ethos of Jesus are needed in public administration to address a potentially fatal weakness in modern industrial republics. The latter are increasingly prone to domestic tyranny and international imperialism, because the values that once constrained them, and which once were thought to be self-evident, have been traced to Christian doctrines discredited by science. The first half of the essay chronicles the failure of the West either to live well without these values, or to find an alternative foundation for them. The second half of the essay shows that this dilemma can be overcome by differentiating the teachings of Jesus from the doctrines of Christianity
Parallel-SymD: A Parallel Approach to Detect Internal Symmetry in Protein Domains

Internally symmetric proteins are proteins that have a symmetrical structure in their monomeric single-chain form. Around 10–15% of the protein domains can be regarded as having some sort of internal symmetry. In this regard, we previously published SymD (symmetry detection), an algorithm that determines whether a given protein structure has internal symmetry by attempting to align the protein to its own copy after the copy is circularly permuted by all possible numbers of residues. SymD has proven to be a useful algorithm to detect symmetry. In this paper, we present a new parallelized algorithm called Parallel-SymD for detecting symmetry of proteins on clusters of computers. The achieved speedup of the new Parallel-SymD algorithm scales well with the number of computing processors. Scaling is better for proteins with a larger number of residues. For a protein of 509 residues, a speedup of 63 was achieved on a parallel system with 100 processors.
Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Thermal Injury: A Review of Risk Assessment Tools and Current Knowledge on the Effectiveness and Risks of Mechanical and Chemical Prophylaxis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can be a life-threatening or limb-threatening complication of thermal injury. The severity of burn injury can be used to predict VTE risk among patients with thermal injury, and a weighted risk-stratification tool has been developed. This article reviews the incidence, diagnosis, and management of thromboembolic events in patients with burns. The article particularly focuses on identifying those patients who are at highest risk for VTE and provides recommendations on mechanical and chemical prophylaxis.
Fabrication and Testing of Corrosion Resistant Coatings

The susceptibility of SiC and Si3N4 to sodium corrosion mandates that corrosion resistant coatings be developed to protect silicon-based turbine engine components. Materials with good corrosion resistance and thermal expansions that nearly match SiC and Si3N4 have been identified. Corrosion testing of hot-pressed pellets of these compounds has identified the most promising materials. Development of chemical vapor deposition systems to apply these materials has been initiated.
Demographics, Resource Utilization, and Outcomes of Elderly Patients With Chronic Liver Disease Receiving Hospice Care in the United States.

Demographics, Resource Utilization, and Outcomes of Elderly Patients With Chronic Liver Disease Receiving Hospice Care in the United States
Bio-Behavioral Sensing: An Emerging Engineering Area

There is now a significant body of evidence that links human behavior to human health and well-being. In fact, for some behaviors like smoking, the harm to health is so well documented that it has led to public health policies, such as banning smoking inside buildings. Similarly, there is also growing evidence documenting the health benefits of many behaviors, e.g., regular exercise and healthy eating. However, we are only beginning to understand the deep bi-directional connections between human behavior and biology, largely powered by the rapidly increasing body of knowledge from the field of behavioral epigenetics. Since 2000, an explosion of results are unraveling the two-way pathways of how our molecular biology influences our behavior and how our behavior influences our molecular biology
Prosody and the meanings of English negative indefinites

Abstract This paper investigates the acoustic correlates of single and Double Negation (DN) readings of English negative indefinites in question–answer pairs. Productions of four negative words (no one, nobody, nothing, and nowhere) were elicited from 20 native English speakers as responses to negative questions such as “What didn't you eat?” in contexts designed to generate either a single negation reading or a logically affirmative DN reading. A control condition with no negation in the question was employed for comparison. A verification question following each item determined whether tokens were interpreted as expected and, therefore, produced with the target interpretation. Statistical analysis of the f0 curves revealed a significant difference: DN is associated with a higher fundamental frequency than single negation. In contrast, the single negative and control conditions were not significantly different with respect to f0. Analysis of the verification question responses showed significant differences between all three conditions (Control > DN > single negation), suggesting that single negation is more difficult to interpret than DN as a response to a negative question. The results are compared with previous work on Romance, and we demonstrate how English behaves like a prototypical Negative Concord language in that DN is the prosodically marked form.
Design and evaluation of a multi-modulation retrodirective RFID tag

Movement towards mm-wave backscatter communications in radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems necessitates seeking designs that compensate for the path loss introduced by the radio channel. A viable, simple, and power-efficient solution is to equip RFID tags with retrodirective arrays, which guarantee reflection with maximal gain in the direction of incidence. In this paper, we design and implement an original retrodirective tag in which its feeding network is a properly-terminated rat-race coupler. We start by deriving the required terminations that ensure retrodirectivity. Then, we build a retrodirective tag and experimentally compare its radar cross section to that of a single-antenna tag. The measurements reveal that the radar cross section of the proposed retrodirective tag is, on average, approximately 6 dB more than that of a single-antenna tag while both tags have the same field-of-view. From the promising results in this paper, the proposed design is a potential candidate for next-generation microwave and mm-wave RFID tags because it is compatible with low-power reflection amplifiers (e.g., tunnel diodes), it can implement multiple modulation schemes without changing the circuit layout, and it can be implemented using only a single RF switch.
The Human Condition: A Perspectival View

If the ontological question of what there is, and the epistemological question of what it is to know, are central in philosophy, the question of what a human being is is no less fundamental. For answers to such questions either presuppose a certain view on what a human being is and thus depends on it, or implies it. Ontology and epistemology, on the one hand, and a philosophy of human nature, on the other, are inevitably related to each other. It is more than natural that from Plato to Sartre, speculative philosophers as well as analytical philosophers, philosophers as well as scientists, have been explicitly or implicitly preoccupied with defining the nature of man.
Rational Points on Compactifications of Semi-Simple Groups of Rank 1

We explain our approach to the problem of counting rational points of bounded height on equivariant compactifications of semi-simple groups.
Audio imputation using the non-negative hidden markov model

Missing data in corrupted audio recordings poses a challenging problem for audio signal processing. In this paper we present an approach that allows us to estimate missing values in the time-frequency domain of audio signals. The proposed approach, based on the Non-negative Hidden Markov Model, enables more temporally coherent estimation for the missing data by taking into account both the spectral and temporal information of the audio signal. This approach is able to reconstruct highly corrupted audio signals with large parts of the spectrogram missing. We demonstrate this approach on real-world polyphonic music signals. The initial experimental results show that our approach has advantages over a previous missing data imputation method.
AE SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION IN LATTICE-TYPE STRUCTURES USING SMART SIGNAL PROCESSING

This paper describes results of an experimental investigation of acoustic emission (AE) source characterization in terms of location and strength from strain gage signals detected on a two–dimensional frame–like structure. The signals are analyzed using two different smart signal processing algorithms. One is a feed forward neural network (FFNN) that was trained by a modified back-propagation algorithm and the second is a linear system called an auto-associative processor (AAP). The common feature of these algorithms is the use of a set of pre-processed, measured prototype signals to develop a system memory. This memory is subsequently employed to process the detected signals to determine the location and strength of the AE source.
TOTAL TREATMENT OF THE PATIENT

Abstract The psychiatric patient lives in a social field and the rational use of pharmacotherapy necessitates equal attention to all non-medical factors which may affect the end result. Consequently, to obtain the maximum yield from treatment, psychotherapy (individual or group), family and/or occupational therapy, or for that matter any other form of treatment destined to help the patient in readjustment to real-life situations must be considered and used where indicated. It is insufficient to merely “medicate” a patient and wait for the desired drug effects. This is especially true and important in treatment of depression where concomitant psychotherapy is as necessary as chemotherapy. The non-specific factors in chemotherapy must receive due attention, for they can have a very strong influence on the final result. The psychiatrist should consider the psychodynamic effects of drugs as they may affect the patient, the environmental field and their possible interaction. Insufficient knowledge of these parameters may actually produce a negative result. Thus, adequate treatment requires due attention to all of the factors that play on the patient, and in this way the maximum result will be achieved in a minimum of time.
Polyesters and Photosynthetic Bacteria

Poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates, TPHAs, are synthesized in bacteria and form unique intracellular inclusions. These inclusions can be found in a wide variety of anaerobic, aerobic and facultative chemotrophic and phototrophic bacteria, including cyanobacteria. Inclusions do not occur in the enteric bacteria of any known animal species. PHAs represent a family of aliphatic polyesters which are isotactic, biodegradable and biocompatible, thermoplastic elastomers. The organisms will utilize a wide variety of both hydrocarbons and fatty acid substrates of varying pendant chain lengths of three to twelve carbons to synthesize random copolymers of mixed-length, pendant carbon side chains. They will utilize functionalized substrates (phenyl, cyano, bromo, unsaturated and others) to synthesize chemically and biologically functional polyesters. Using the process of cometabolism, they will incorporate unnatural and even toxic substrates into polymer when co-fed a related natural substrate. Using the wide diversity of bacteria in nature, literally dozens of new and unusual biosynthetic PHAs have been produced. All PHA polyesters occur in bacterial cells as unique fluid inclusions surrounded by a single-layered, protein phospholipid coat. This coat is a monolayer and not a unit membrane. Both the metabolic pathways and the molecular genetics of the enzymes concerned with PHA synthesis, polymerization and depolymerization (biodegradation) have been worked out in several microbial systems, including the phototrophic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum, an organism in which some of the first research on PHAs was done.
Define, Refine, and Identify Events in a Bendable Interface

As we aspire to bring bendable interfaces closer to mainstream use, we need to resolve practical issues such as the event model for bend input. This work takes steps towards understanding the bend events space for a simplified 1DOF (Degree of Freedom) device. We suggest that a rich set of informative bend events can elevate application development for bendable devices. In this work, we describe the current state of event models for bendable devices, our suggested refined model, and the steps we are taking toward implementing an event system.
The Effects of Age on the Outcomes of Elbow Release in Arthrogryposis.

Purpose The goal of this study was to observe the effects of posterior elbow release on children with arthrogryposis at various age points: before the age of 2, between the ages of 2 and 3, and after the age of 3. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of patients with arthrogryposis who underwent a posterior elbow release for an elbow extension contracture between 2007 and 2014 at one institution. Eighteen procedures in 13 patients, who had a minimum follow-up of at least 2 years, were included in the study. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on their age at the time of surgery: 3 years old. Comparisons of the pre- and postoperative passive arcs of motion were made. Results The average preoperative arc of motion was 16° (0° to 30°) for the children younger than 2, 33.5° (5° to 60°) for the children 2–3, and 45° (25° to 80°) for the children older than 3. The average postoperative arc of motion was 88.2° (70° to 103°), 60° (15° to 85°), and 54.33° (23° to 70°) for the respective age groups. There was a clinically important difference in the postoperative arc of motion between the children less than 2 years old and both the children 2–3 years old and older than 3 years. Conclusions This study demonstrates that children who underwent posterior elbow release before the age of 2 had a clinically important increase in their postoperative flexion and overall passive arc of elbow motion compared with older children at medium-term follow-up. The data suggest that earlier release may be better at restoring total passive arc of elbow motion. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Legal Challenges to Trump Administration Policies: The Risks of Executive Branch Lawmaking That Fails to “Take Care”

President Trump’s executive branch lawmaking has spawned an extraordinary number of lawsuits in his first two and a half years in office over such policies as the travel ban, rescission of DACA, zero tolerance/family separation, sanctuary cities, the ban on military service by transgender persons, the rollback of environmental rules, the ban on asylum seekers, and the citizenship question on the census.
Relations among complementary and supplementary pairings of Saalschützian {}_4F_3(1) series

We investigate sums $$J(\vec {x})$$ and $$L(\vec {x})$$ of pairs of normalized Saalschutzian $${}_4F_3(1)$$ hypergeometric series, and develop a theory of relations among these J and L functions. The function $$L(\vec {x})$$ has been studied extensively in the literature and has been shown to satisfy a number of two-term and three-term relations with respect to the variable $$\vec {x}$$ . More recent works have framed these relations in terms of Coxeter group actions on $$\vec {x}$$ and have developed a similar theory of two-term and three-term relations for $$J(\vec {x})$$ . In this article, we derive “mixed” three-term relations, wherein any one of the L (respectively, J) functions arising in the above context may be expressed as a linear combination of two of the above J (respectively, L) functions. We show that, under the appropriate Coxeter group action, the resulting set of three-term relations (mixed and otherwise) among J and L functions partitions into eighteen orbits. We provide an explicit example of a relation from each orbit. We further classify the eighteen orbits into five types, with each type uniquely determined by the distances (under a certain natural metric) between the J and L functions in the relation. We show that the type of a relation dictates the complexity (in terms of both number of summands and number of factors in each summand) of the coefficients of the J and L functions therein.
B2CI 2019: The IEEE Brain to Computer Interface Competition’s Gaming Event

The IEEE Baltimore Section sponsored B2CI 2019, the collegiate Brain to Computer Interface competition, to strengthen their relationships with local university and college engineering departments. A primary goal was to use the processing of brain waves as a mechanism for exciting students about electrical engineering principles and the systems engineering build approach. An ancillary goal was to raise student awareness as to the limitations of computer games for disabled players. The competition was designed to motivate students by providing three alternative events in which to compete. One of the events was the brain-controlled computer game contest. Universities were invited to organize teams to design and code games that utilized EEG signals from a headset as a significant part of the game play. This paper describes the EEG technology, details on the brain-controlled computer game event, and lessons learned for future competitions.
Connected Health IT Framework for Smart Healthcare Delivery

In a modern society, we are surrounded by state-of-the-art technologies that help our lives more convenient and secure than ever before. With the advancement from the fourth industrial revolution, sensor networks are added to our already well-connected society and now we are practically living in a super connected society where everything is communicating with each other. However, when it comes to the delivery of healthcare, the connectivity becomes challenging and patients suffer from the discontinuity of clinical information due to lack of communication and fragmented and isolated care delivery from within and across care settings. The resulting consequences include poor patient outcome, astronomical medical expenses and even deaths by preventable medical mistakes. According to the research from Johns Hopkins University (2016), there have been about 250,000 deaths reported per year by preventable medical mistakes. Also the US government spends more than a trillion dollars for treating chronic diseases using tax payers' money and the amount could reach $6 trillion by 2050 if no action such as rigorous preventive care is taken. The preventable medical mistakes indicated that there is a failure in the coordination among the caregivers and in sharing of the medical records at right time, with right people, in right place. The astronomical medical expense suggested that effective and accessible preventive care must be provided to each individual before any serious disease is fully developed. In this talk, Id like to discuss about current applicable health IT technologies and their applications for the delivery of smart and connected healthcare for everyone.
Repeat Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Is Not Associated with Prohibitive Complications: Results of a Multiinstitutional Retrospective Study.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is offered to select patients with peritoneal metastases. In instances of recurrence/progression, a repeat CRS/HIPEC may be considered. The perioperative morbidity and the potential oncologic benefits are not well described. We performed a retrospective analysis of a multiinstitutional database to assess the perioperative outcomes following repeat CRS/HIPEC (repeat). Kaplan–Meier and Cox estimates were used to assess survival. In the entire cohort, 2157 patients were analyzed, with 158 (7.3%) in the repeat cohort. The rate of complete cytoreduction was 89.8% versus 83.0% in initial versus repeat groups. The overall incidence of major complications was similar (26.3% vs. 30.7%); however, reoperation was more common in the repeat group. Perioperative outcomes such as length of stay and nonhome discharge were not significantly different. For the entire cohort, 5-year overall survival (OS) was 56.0% in the initial group and 59.5% in the repeat group. In patients with only appendiceal cancer, we observed a 5-year OS of 64.0% in the initial group compared with 67.3% in the repeat cohort. For patients with appendiceal cancer who developed a recurrence/progression, median OS was 36 months in the no repeat operation group compared with 73 months for those that did. Multivariable regression demonstrated that completeness of cytoreduction and tumor grade were associated with OS, but repeat operation was not. Repeat CRS/HIPEC is not associated with prohibitive risk. Survival is possibly improved, and therefore, repeat operation should be considered in selected patients with recurrent or progressive disease.
Slower perception of time in depressed and suicidal patients.

Abstract Effective suicide prevention is hindered by a limited understanding of the natural progression and neurobiology of the suicidal process. Our objective was to characterize the duration of the suicidal process and its relation to possible determinants: time judgment and cognitive impulsivity. In four groups of adults of both sexes including recent suicide attempters (n = 57), suicidal ideators (n = 131), non-suicidal depressed controls (n = 51) and healthy controls (n = 48) we examined time estimation and production, impulsivity and other cognitive variables. Duration of the suicidal process was recorded in suicide attempters. The suicide process duration, suicide contemplation and action intervals, had a bimodal distribution, ∼40% of attempters took less than 5 min from decision to attempt. Time slowing correlated negatively with the suicidal action interval (time from the decision to kill oneself to suicide attempt) (p = .003). Individuals with suicide contemplation interval shorter than three hours showed increased time slowing, measured as shorter time production at 35 s (p = .011) and 43 s (p = .036). Delay discounting for rewards correlated with time estimation at 25 min (p = .02) and 90 s (p = .01). Time slowing correlated positively with suicidal ideation severity, independently of depression severity (p
μ Opioid Receptors Modulate Action Potential Kinetics and Firing Frequency in Neocortical Interneurons

The endogenous opioid system of the cerebral cortex is an important feature of antinociception and reward valuation through its modulation of inhibitory neocortical interneurons. Dysregulation of this system, through disease or drugs, disrupts the reward system and contributes to eating and mood disorders, impulsive actions, and addiction. Impulsive behaviors can be induced experimentally through infusion of the μ opioid receptor specific agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) into the frontal cortex in animal models. The mechanism involves increased potassium channel function, which suppresses neocortical interneuron activity. However, much of the data on the effect of this receptor on ion channels have been derived from noncortical μORs, and the identity and effects of the ion channels that the μOR targets in neocortical neurons have not been thoroughly investigated. Based on previous experiments by other labs, we hypothesized that the μOR could activate α-dendrotoxin (αDTX) sensitive channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.6 subunits) to exert its inhibitory effects in cortical interneurons. This, in turn, is expected to confer a variety of effects on passive and active electrical properties of the cell. We performed patch-clamp electrophysiology to examine the electrophysiological effects of μORs in cultured neocortical interneurons. We found that a range of features among the 54 membrane and action potential properties we analyzed were modulated by μORs, including action potential kinetics and frequency. The Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.6 inhibitor α-DTX reversed some effects on action potential frequency, but not effects on their kinetics. Therefore, μORs in neocortical interneurons influence α-DTX-sensitive channels, as well as other channels, to modulate action potential kinetics and firing properties.
Experimental evaluation of OSB-faced structural insulated panels subject to blast loads

Abstract This paper reports the results of an experimental program to quantify the blast protection provided by as-built and strengthened structural insulated panels (SIP) subjected to short-duration uniform pressure loads in a blast load simulator facility. SIPs are used in residential and light-commercial buildings. The SIPs used in this study had an overall thickness of 117 mm with 11 mm thick oriented strand board (OSB) facers and a 95-mm thick polyurethane closed-cell foam core. This type of sandwich panel provides improved energy efficiency and reduced construction time. A total of eight panels were tested in four different configurations: (1) as-built SIP design with standard connections, (2) as-built SIP design with strengthened roof connection, (3) flexural strengthened SIP using galvanized steel straps with strengthened roof connections, and (4) flexural strengthened SIP using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wallboard with strengthened roof connections. Each panel in this experimental program was 1.2 m by 2.4 m and was tested independently. The panels were subjected to two to five incrementally increasing pressure-impulse combinations. The first was a low pressure shot to verify the elastic performance of the SIP. The magnitude of the pressure-impulse combination for the subsequent shots increased until ultimate failure of the panels. By strengthening the roof connection, the as-built panels withstood a 27% larger impulse. The steel strap and FRP flexural strengthening with the strengthened roof connections led to a three-fold and five-fold increase in impulse resisted, respectively, when compared to the as-built SIP with standard connections. The results of the experimental study were validated using single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models. The SDOF analysis included an elastic resistance function for each panel configuration. The SDOF analysis estimated displacements 9% larger than the experimental results on average. The analytical model was more conservative for the lower pressure shots indicating that one-way behavior of SIPs subjected to shortduration uniform pressure loads may be reasonably estimated using fundamental bending mechanics. Overall, the results of the experimental and analytical study indicated simple strengthening methods may be used to significantly improve the blast resistance of SIPs.
Abstract PS6-12: Prognostic significance of age, histologic subtype, tumor size and nodal status on breast cancer specific survival of “clinical low risk” grade 1 ER+/HER2- breast carcinoma patients - SEER analysis 2010-2012

Introduction: TAILORx and MINDACT clinical trials on ER+/HER2-/lymph node (LN) 0 or LN 1-3 positive breast carcinoma (BC) patients (pts) revealed that breast-cancer-specific-survival (BCSS) of pts with low Oncotype DX or MammaPrint genomic assay scores did not improve with addition of adjuvant chemotherapy (CTH) to endocrine therapy. Furthermore, pts from MINDACT trial with “clinical low risk” (CLow) BC had no benefit from the use of CTH regardless of the MammaPrint score (low or high), underscoring the importance of identifying these CLow patients who might not obtain value from genomic testing. CLow is defined as the 10-year probability of BCSS >88% without CTH among women with ER+ tumors. MINDACT trial algorithm based on grade, tumor size and lymph node status is used to classify patients into CLow vs. “clinical high-risk” group. We investigated the significance of age, histologic subtype, tumor size, nodal and PR status on BCSS in a subgroup of CLow pts with grade 1 tumors ≤30 mm in size and N0-1 LN, utilizing Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: “Incidence, SEER research, 18 registries, Nov 2019 sub (2000-2017)” database was used to select female BC pts with ER(+)/HER2(-) BC diagnosed between 2010-2012 to allow for at least a 5-year follow-up (2010-2017). A subgroup of clinical low-risk pts was selected based on MINDACT trial algorithm: grade 1/N0/≤30 mm tumor size, or grade 1/N1/≤20 mm tumor size. Five invasive BC histologic types were selected: ductal (IDC), lobular (ILC), cribriform (ICC), tubular (ITC) and mucinous (IMC). Frequency statistics and a multivariate Cox regression were used for analyses of patient’s characteristics and BCSS using SPSS Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results: From 132,822 female pts diagnosed with BC from 2010-2012, 20,677 pts (age range 19-85+) fulfilled above selection criteria. Age, tumor size, nodal status and ILC were significant (p Conclusions: Our results show that 5-year breast cancer specific survival is significantly influenced by patient’s age, ILC histologic type, tumor size and nodal status even in the lowest risk of “clinical low risk” ER(+)/HER2(-), grade 1 BC pts. Since addition of CTH to endocrine therapy is not beneficial in these patients, further studies/clinical trials are needed to evaluate different endocrine therapy regimens for this subgroup of “clinical low-risk” patients in order to improve their BCSS. Citation Format: Amila Orucevic, John L Bell. Prognostic significance of age, histologic subtype, tumor size and nodal status on breast cancer specific survival of “clinical low risk” grade 1 ER+/HER2- breast carcinoma patients - SEER analysis 2010-2012 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS6-12.
Microvascular fluid flow in ex vivo and engineered lungs.

In recent years, it has become common to experiment with ex vivo perfused lungs for organ transplantation, and to attempt regenerative pulmonary engineering using decellularized lung matrices. Howe...
Silicon-on-Diamond — An engineered substrate for electronic applications

Abstract Silicon on Diamond (SOD) is a substrate engineered to address the major challenges of silicon-based ULSI technology, in particular, to provide for enhanced thermal management and charge confinement. The SOD concept is achieved by joining a thin, single crystalline Si device layer to a highly oriented diamond (HOD) layer that serves as an electrical insulator, heat spreader and supporting substrate. Therefore, SOD represents an alternative SOI concept, where the thermally insulating SiO2 has been replaced by highly thermally conductive diamond. Initial experiments and theoretical assessments have been aimed at demonstrating the improved thermal management properties of fabricated SOD wafers and comparing them to Si and SOI [A. Aleksov, X. Li, N. Govindaraju, J.M. Gobien, S.D. Wolter, J.T. Prater, Z. Sitar, Silicon on Diamond: an advanced Silicon on Insulator technology, Diamond and Related Materials, 14, 308–313 (2005).], [A. Aleksov, S.D. Wolter, J.T. Prater, Z. Sitar, Fabrication and Thermal Evaluation of Silicon on Diamond Wafers, Journal of Electronic Materials, 34 (2005) 1089.]. The experimental results are in good agreement with the values obtained by finite element modeling (FEM). The results show that for a 1.5 μm thick Si device layer, SOD can sustain more than 10 times higher power than SOI. This in turn will permit a more than 3-fold greater integration density of circuits fabricated on SOD as compared to SOI. Having validated the superior thermal management properties of SOD, the second task has been to compare device operation on SOD and SOI to identify whether the Si layer degrades during the SOD fabrication process. In addition, the analysis of the interface properties between the Si device layer and diamond is important in order to better understand the operation of devices on SOD and identify their limitations. For this reason, Schottky and pn-junction diodes were fabricated on the Si device layer of SOD and SOI wafers. The first results of the electrical analyses indicated that there are no additional leakage currents in SOD devices compared to devices on SOI. In addition, CV measurements indicated no differences in the device behavior i.e. no additional charge trapping with respect to SOI in the frequency range of 1 kHz–10 MHz.
Molecular phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort

The Portulacaceae, Basellaceae, Cactaceae, and Didiereaceae form a monophyletic group within the Caryophyllales, and evidence exists that the first may be paraphyletic by exclusion of the latter three. Several taxonomic treatments of the Portulacaceae based on morphological features have failed to produce consensus regarding infrafamilial relationships. The present paper employs sequences of the chloroplast gene ndhF to produce a molecular phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort, focusing on the relationship among major lineages of the Portulacaceae and the three putatively derived families. Results of this analysis supported two major clades within the monophyletic cohort. The first included Portulaca, Anacampseros and its relatives, much of Talinum, Talinella, and the Cactaceae; the second, weakly supported, included the remaining genera of Portulacaceae, the Basellaceae, and the Didiereaceae. This phylogeny also implied that several generic circumscriptions remain inadequate, particularly that of Talinum, which appeared to be polyphyletic, and that all present classifications of the family include demonstrably nonmonophyletic tribes.
Integration of physical education skills with the concept of levers at intermediate grade levels.

Abstract The investigation was conducted to determine the effects of the integration of physical education with the concept of levers upon selected physical performance skills of boys and girls at the fourth, fifth, and sixth grade levels. Initial tests were administered to 180 subjects enrolled in these grades. The subjects then took part in a learning program for 2 weeks which involved teaching the concept of levers in the classroom and in physical education. At the conclusion of 2 weeks, all subjects were given a final test on the criterion variables. Data were analyzed by means of analysis of covariance. Principal findings indicated that (a) when children learn to throw a softball for distance it appears to be more advantageous to teach them through a program which integrates teaching the concept of levers through physical education lessons; and (b) the experimental treatment and control treatment were equally effective in teaching the children to kick a soccer ball for distance.
The Genesis of Atomic Physics and the Biography of Ideas

I have been exploring the connection of creative scientific thinking with the origins of scientific concepts, and the ways in which this connection may provide a better understanding of scientific progress. A clue to deeper insights into these problems is an observation made by scientists such as Albert Einstein and Henri Poincare, whose research led them to probe the process of thinking itself — namely, that “scientific thought is a development of pre-scientific thought” (Einstein, 1934). Some psychologists, particularly Jean Piaget, reached a similar conclusion. A fundamental thesis of Piaget’s genetic epistemology is that the evolving structures in scientific thought exhibit parallelisms in structures in the formative psychological processes in children. Inspired in large part by Piaget’s writings, I have approached these fundamental problems by using results from case studies in the history of science as data for theories of cognitive psychology. Conversely, this method tests the claims of the cognitive theories themselves concerning the construction of knowledge and creativity (1). This essay I shall focuses on the part of my research in which results of historical analysis of atomic physics during 1913–1927 are taken as data for genetic epistemology.
Economic and Quality-of-Life Implications of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very common chronic liver disease worldwide, is on the rise following the trend of increasing prevalence of obesity, is the second most common indication for liver transplantation, and is an important cause for hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the increasing recognition of NAFLD as an important chronic liver disease, little has been published on the economic and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) impact of NAFLD. We reviewed the current literature related to the economics and HR-QOL of NAFLD and found that increased costs and decreased HR-QOL were associated with NAFLD.
End-of-Life Care & Addiction: A Family Systems Approach, by S. Y. Bushfield & B. DeFord

End-of-Life Care & Addiction contains theoretical, practical, and personal insights into lives that have been affected by a tumultuous journey through addiction. Written by a social worker and a sp...
The Law of the Iterated Logarithm for Algorithmically Random Brownian Motion

Algorithmic randomness is most often studied in the setting of the fair-coin measure on the Cantor space, or equivalently Lebesgue measure on the unit interval. It has also been considered for the Wiener measure on the space of continuous functions. Answering a question of Fouche, we show that Khintchine's law of the iterated logarithm holds at almost all points for each Martin-Lof random path of Brownian motion. In the terminology of Fouche, these are the complex oscillations. The main new idea of the proof is to take advantage of the Wiener-Caratheodory measure algebra isomorphism theorem.
DIFFERENTIATING VARIOUS EXTRA Z′’s AT FUTURE COLLIDERS

We propose a way to differentiate between various extra U(1) models using flavor tagging in the decay modes once the extra Z′ is observed at future colliders in the lepton channel. A generalization of the R parameter, namely, one for charge and one for charge quark gives a two-parameter test for the various models. Flavor tagging eliminates the uncertainty because of extra fermions and can reduce the QCD background at SSC/LHC dramatically. For E6 and SO(10) based models the former is always 3. This seems to be a very good way to eliminate certain models.
Stimulation of Primary Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation by IFN

The IFN family of cytokines has pleiotropic roles in immunity and development. In this study, we provide evidence that IFN can stimulate the proliferation of primary human endothelial cells. This is in contrast to the growth-suppressive effects of IFN observed on transformed human cells, thereby underscoring the distinctive responses of primary human cells. The growth-stimulatory effect of IFN was determined by an increase in DNA synthesis assessed with [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, an increase in G(2) and M cell cycle phases assessed with flow cytometric analysis, and an increase in cell number. Distinct cell types, including primary human fibroblast and smooth muscle cells, were also growth stimulated by IFN. Neutralizing Abs to IFN were used to demonstrate the growth response was mediated specifically by the IFN cytokine. The signaling pathway of type I IFNs activates STAT1 and STAT2. In primary endothelial cells, we demonstrate that STAT3 and STAT5 are also activated, and these STATs may contribute to cellular proliferation. To evaluate possible effectors of positive growth, DNA microarray analyses were performed to assess gene induction in response to IFN. These results reveal changes in the RNA levels of genes in endothelial cells that encode proteins involved in cellular proliferation.
Disruption of mitochondrial membrane by acetone extraction

Abstract Lipid extraction from mitochondrial electron transport particles results in the breakdown of membrane structure. Membranous structure and succinate cytochrome c reductase activity are restored by the addition of lipid. The fragility of the electron transport particle membrane is in contrast to the inner mitochondrial membrane which retains its structure upon lipid extraction. The results suggest a stabilizing role for lipid in cristae membrane structure which is best revealed by extraction of the isolated membrane vesicles.
Periadolescent Nicotine Exposure Reduces Cocaine Reward in Adult Mice

Abstract Fully mature mice exposed to low levels of nicotine during periadolescence exhibited reductions in the rewarding and subjective effects of cocaine. These results provide converging validity that periadolescent nicotine exposure can permanently decrease a subject's sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. These changes were noted long after exposure, suggesting that nicotine may have altered neural systems mediating drug reward. Since reductions in the rewarding value of abused drugs are associated with increased self-administration, periadolescent nicotine exposure might increase the risk for substance abuse problems. The study thus provides biological support that nicotine might serve a “gateway” function for substance abuse.
Models of hopping-controlled reactions with variable hopping range.

We propose two classes of models for hopping-controlled reactions in which one of the reactants forms a random distribution of static traps and the hopping distances of the other reactants (random walkers) are independent random variables with a preassigned distribution. Specifically, in the discrete model, at each step the random walkers are allowed to make hops of all possible lengths of integer units up to a preassigned maximum value L, all with equal probability. In one of the continuous models, the hopping distances are Gaussian-distributed independent random variables with a mean L. In the other continuous model, the distribution of the hopping distances r follow an exponential distribution, namely, exp(-//r//L). We predict the L dependence as well as the time dependence of the reaction rates (the decay of the particle density as a function of time) for these models analytically. We also verify some of these predictions by Monte Carlo computer simulations.
Designing low-thermal-expansivity, high-conductivity alloys in the Cu-Fe-Ni ternary system

Alloys that combine the high electrical and thermal conductivity of copper with the low thermal expansivity and higher strength of Invar (Fe-36Ni), are of interest for a range of applications. In suitable Cu-Fe-Ni alloys, nearly pure copper equilibriates with an Invar-rich solid solution; casting such alloys invariably produces Invar-rich dendrites in a copper-rich solid solution. Two-phase alloys that combine the properties of copper and Invar can be produced by casting followed by suitable heat treatments. The overall composition controls the relative fractions of Invar and copper and the resulting trade-off between low thermal expansivity and high electrical conductivity. Analyses of phase equilibria and load transfer between ductile copper and Invar indicate that effective composites are only feasible for compositions between approximately 20 and 80 percent Invar.
Acetylation of histones of rat testis.

Abstract When [1- 14 C]acetate was injected into rats intratesticularly in the presence of cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis, the label was incorporated into histone fractions F2a1 and F3 and into non-histone chromosomal proteins of each of the following stages of spermatogenesis: spermatogonia-preleptotene spermatocytes, leptotene-zygotene-pachytene-diplotene primary spermatocytes, and spermatids. Acetylation of histones was particularly active in the spermatid stages. There was no significant incorporation of acetate into the lysine-rich histone fractions F1 and X 1 . In early periods of in vivo incorporation of [ 3 H]amino acids into histones the acetylated histone F2a1 fractions had higher specific activities than the main band of F2a1, but with the passage of time the label moved into the principal band to the extent that specific activities in the acetylated and principal bands were approximately equal at 6 days. However, at 24–36 days the specific activities were again higher in the acetylated bands than in the principal band of F2a1. These data support the conclusions of Candido, Louie, and Dixon, from experiments with trout testis, that acetylation of histone F2a1 may be important in the process of combination of this protein with DNA in chromatin at the spermatogonia-primary spermatocyte stage and also in the subsequent removal of this histone for replacement by protamines at the spermatid stage. [ 3 H]Amino acids were incorporated into histone fractions X 1 and F1 at approximately equal rates, and there was no evidence that one of these fractions was a precursor of the other. Chromatin of the seminiferous epithelial cells of rat testis has a firmly bound acetylase which catalyzes the in vitro acetylation of histones F3 and F2a1 by acetyl CoA.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel Study of Various Doses of Losartan Potassium Compared With Enalapril Maleate in Patients With Essential Hypertension

The efficacy and safety of various doses of losartan potassium, a specific and selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist, were compared with those of placebo and enalapril maleate 20 mg in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension in a randomized, double-blind, parallel study. We randomly allocated 576 patients at the end of a 4-week placebo baseline period to 8 weeks of once-daily double-blind treatment with losartan potassium 10, 25, 50, 100, or 150 mg, enalapril maleate 20 mg, or placebo. After 8 weeks of treatment, mean reductions from baseline in supine systolic/diastolic pressure 24 hours after dosing (trough) for losartan potassium 10, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg, enalapril maleate 20 mg, and placebo were 7.6/7.9, 7.8/6.8, 13.0/10.1, 8.9/9.9, 10.5/9.7, 14.7/11.2, and 3.8/5.6 mm Hg, respectively. Compared with mean changes in supine diastolic pressure in the placebo group, losartan potassium 50 to 150 mg and enalapril maleate 20 mg produced clinically important and statistically significant reductions (P < or = .01) in blood pressure. At 24 hours after dosing, the blood pressure changes obtained with losartan potassium 50 mg were essentially identical to those obtained with enalapril maleate 20 mg. While there was a dose-related effect with losartan potassium from 10 to 50 mg at peak (6 hours after dosing), doses of 10 and 25 mg were not consistently different from placebo 24 hours after dosing. To assess the once-daily effect of losartan potassium, trough-to-peak ratios of the mean changes in supine diastolic pressure after 8 weeks of treatment were calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)