cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inverse PCR-Based RFLP Scanning Identifies Low-Level Mutation Signatures in Colon Cells and Tumors

Detecting the presence and diversity of low-level mutations in human tumors undergoing genomic instability is desirable due to their potential prognostic value and their putative influence on the ability of tumors to resist drug treatment and/or metastasize. However, direct measurement of these genetic alterations in surgical samples has been elusive, because technical hurdles make mutation discovery impractical at low-mutation frequency levels ( −2 ). Here, we describe inverse PCR-based amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (iFLP), a new technology that combines inverse PCR, RFLP, and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography to allow scanning of the genome at several thousand positions per experiment for low-level point mutations. Using iFLP, widespread, low-level mutations at mutation frequency 10 −2 –10 −4 were discovered in genes located on different chromosomes, e.g., OGG1, MSH2, PTEN, β-catenin, Bcl-2, P21, ATK3 , and Braf , in human colon cancer cells that harbor mismatch repair deficiency whereas mismatch repair-proficient cells were mutation free. Application of iFLP to the screening of sporadic colon cancer surgical specimens demonstrated widespread low-level mutations in seven out of 10 samples, but not in their normal tissue counterparts, and predicted the presence of millions of diverse, low-incidence mutations in tumors. Unique low-level mutational signatures were identified for each colon cancer cell line and tumor specimen. iFLP allows the high-throughput discovery and tracing of mutational signatures in human cells, precancerous lesions, and primary or metastatic tumors and the assessment of the number and heterogeneity of low-level mutations in surgical samples.
The extragalactic background light and the gamma-ray opacity of the universe

The extragalactic background light (EBL) is one of the fundamental observational quantities in cosmology. All energy releases from resolved and unresolved extragalactic sources, and the light from any truly diffuse background, excluding the cosmic microwave background (CMB), contribute to its intensity and spectral energy distribution. It therefore plays a crucial role in cosmological tests for the formation and evolution of stellar objects and galaxies, and for setting limits on exotic energy releases in the universe. The EBL also plays an important role in the propagation of very high energy gamma-rays which are attenuated en route to Earth by pair producing gamma-gamma interactions with the EBL and CMB. The EBL affects the spectrum of the sources, predominantly blazars, in the approx 10 GeV to 10 TeV energy regime. Knowledge of the EBL intensity and spectrum will allow the determination of the intrinsic blazar spectrum in a crucial energy regime that can be used to test particle acceleration mechanisms and VHE gamma-ray production models. Conversely, knowledge of the intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum and the detection of blazars at increasingly higher redshifts will set strong limits on the EBL and its evolution. This paper reviews the latest developments in the determination of the EBL and its impact on the current understanding of the origin and production mechanisms of gamma-rays in blazars, and on energy releases in the universe. The review concludes with a summary and future directions in Cherenkov Telescope Array techniques and in infrared ground-based and space observatories that will greatly improve our knowledge of the EBL and the origin and production of very high energy gamma-rays.
Retinyl Ester Homeostasis in the Adipose Differentiation-related Protein-deficient Retina

The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) plays an essential role in vision, including storing and converting retinyl esters of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal. Retinyl ester storage structures (RESTs), specialized lipid droplets within the RPE, take up retinyl esters synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we report studies of mice lacking exons 2 and 3 of the gene encoding adipose differentiation-related protein (Adfp), a structural component of RESTs. We found that dark adaptation was slower in AdfpΔ2-3/Δ2-3 than in Adfp+/+ mice and that AdfpΔ2-3/Δ2-3 mice had consistently delayed clearances of all-trans-retinal and all-trans-retinol from rod photoreceptor cells. Two-photon microscopy revealed aberrant trafficking of all-trans-retinyl esters in the RPE of AdfpΔ2-3/Δ2-3 mice, a problem caused by abnormal maintenance of RESTs in the dark-adapted state. Retinyl ester accumulation was also reduced in AdfpΔ2-3/Δ2-3 as compared with Adfp+/+ mice. These observations suggest that Adfp plays a unique role in vision by maintaining proper storage and trafficking of retinoids within the eye.
Reading the World of School Literacy: Contextualizing the Experience of a Young African American Male

In this article, Arlette Willis articulates the literacy schooling experiences of her son, Jake, as he engages in a struggle to affirm himself as both a literacy learner and an African American. Asserting that Jake's struggle has historical roots and present-day consequences for the education of culturally and linguistically diverse school children, Willis argues for a reconceptualization of literacy that builds on these children's backgrounds and knowledges. In the last section of the article, Willis provides the reader with some of the strategies and practices she has employed as a teacher-educator to assist her own students in expanding their understandings of the various cultures in U.S. society that children represent.
Urological Aspects of Management

Renal colic describes the acute, severe, and paroxysmal pain caused by the obstruction, distension, and resultant increase in intraluminal pressure of the urinary tract. The treatment of renal colic is aimed at relief of symptoms, facilitating urinary drainage to preserve renal function and treat infection and ultimately removal or passage of the obstructing stone. The medical management of renal colic is directed at mitigating, through pharmacologic intervention, one or more of the complex processes contributing to the clinical sequelae of obstruction including pain, nausea, vomiting, and irritative voiding symptoms. Numerous medications and combinations of medications have been employed with varying degrees of clinical success. Urgent interventions are typically directed at bypassing ureteral obstruction in order to palliate the patient until such time as definitive treatment may be accomplished or facilitate drainage to further the treatment of urinary tract infection. Timing and mode of urgent intervention are dependent on clinical factors, clinician expertise, and preference and the availability of specialized equipment. Definitive management of ureteral stones is typically performed in an elective fashion and seeks to balance the risks of intervention with the clinical benefits of the various treatment modalities. Treatment approaches vary according to clinical indications, patient preference, clinician expertise, and the availability of facilities and equipment. This section covers current supporting evidence and rationale, indications and techniques for the medical management, urgent intervention, and definitive management of acute renal colic caused by ureteral stones.
A symbolic verifier for CUDA programs

We present a preliminary automated verifier based on mechanical decision procedures which is able to prove functional correctness of CUDA programs and guarantee to detect bugs such as race conditions. We also employ a symbolic partial order reduction (POR) technique to mitigate the interleaving explosion problem.
Increased serum immunoglobulin E levels following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

IgE levels were determined before and serially after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 12 patients. Six patients had aplastic anemia, four leukemia, and one each Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and infantile agranulocytosis. IgE levels increased sharply (7- to 2,000-fold) in 10 of the 12 as early as 14 days after BMT. They all returned to baseline levels by 60 days. In six of these patients, the rise accompanied clinical and biochemical evidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). All of the patients who received rabbit antihuman thymocytic serum (ATS) in preparation for transplantation and were tested for IgE antirabbit serum antibody by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (n = 6) developed a strongly positive RAST which paralleled their total IgE levels. These high IgE levels detected during the period of acute GVHD may be a manifestation of a transient lack of suppressor T cell activity.
Funding Urban Infrastructure Using Developer Charges The Case of Section 94 Contributions and Road Financing in New South Wales

Local Australian government agencies have come under increasing financial pressures and have recently begun financing urban infrastructure, including roads, by means of exactions or developer charges. This article looks at the question of funding roads through developer charges in the Australian state of New South Wales. The focus is on the determination of developer charges by 2 distinct municipalities, namely Eurobodalla Shire Council and Tweed Shire Council. Various methods of improving existing practice are suggested.
Kinetics of textural and color changes in green asparagus during thermal treatments

The textural and green color degradation of asparagus were determined after heat treatments at temperatures between 70∞C and 98∞C for selected time intervals. Maximum shear stress required to cut through green asparagus and the hue angle of the spear surface color were selected to represent the textural and color changes in thermally treated asparagus. Thermal softening of asparagus followed a first order kinetic reaction. The activation energies for softening of asparagus were 24:0 0:5 kcal/mol and kinetic reaction rates (k84∞C) ranged from 0.016 min ˇ1 at the butt segment to 0.027 min ˇ1 at the bud segment of the spears. Green color changes of asparagus spear surface followed a first order reaction. The activation energies for green color degradation of asparagus were 13:1 0:2 kcal/mol and kinetic reaction rates at 84∞C were 0:0066 0:0002 min ˇ1 . ” 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Digitized Heat Transfer: A New Paradigm for Thermal Management of Compact Micro Systems

This paper presents theoretical and numerical results describing digitized heat transfer (DHT), a newly developing active thermal management technique for high-power density electronics and integrated micro systems. In describing DHT, we numerically investigate the mass, momentum, and energy equations governing the flow within a translating microdroplet. Our analysis shows the existence of a pair of recirculation zones inside the droplet. This internal circulation within discrete fluid slugs results in significantly increased overall heat transfer coefficients when compared to continuous Graetz-type flows. The internal circulation drives the cold fluid in the middle of the droplet to the vicinity of the walls and creates a higher local temperature difference between the wall and the fluid in contact with the wall, resulting in higher heat transfer rates. Nusselt numbers characterizing DHT flow are also shown to exhibit periodic fluctuations with a period equal to the characteristic time scale for droplet circulation. The overall effect of discretizing a flow on heat transfer capability is described and characterized in terms of a nondimensional circulation number defined by the ratio of characteristic thermal diffusion and fluid circulation time scales. DHT coolants, including liquid metals and alloys, are proposed, and their physical properties are shown to enable handling of significantly higher heat transfer rates than classical air- or water-cooled methods. The actuation method for DHT coolant transport is also outlined, and shown to provide the capability for active, on-demand suppression of transient hot spots. This overall analysis defines the key parameters for optimization of the DHT method and forms the basis of ongoing experimental work.
From the Gutenberg Galaxy to the Digital Clouds

Publishing is changing rapidly, though these changes are concealed from academics, who are presented the appearances of the old world of print. The economic incentives and consequently the strategies of publishers have, however, changed. Where quality was once the road to profit, content now is, and novel digital delivery systems are the key to sales. Academic libraries have become storefronts for digital sales. Editors have become content collectors. At the same time publishing has attempted to mimic the accessibility of the web, shrinking the gap between “publication” and posting. This raises the question of what value is added by journal publication, and whether there is a justification for the huge cost. Some shorter and longer term perspectives suggest that the current value-added is linked to policies of evaluation, but that these may change.
Pharmacokinetics of Anticancer Materia Medica in Humans

A number of herbal medicines are increasingly used in cancer patients, despite the fact that the clinical evidence that support the use of these herbal medicines to fight cancer is weak or lacking. Pharmacokinetic studies have been integrated into modern drug development, but they are generally not needed for anticancer herbal remedies. For the majority of anticancer herbal medicines, data on their pharmacokinetic properties in humans are lacking or scant. An extensive literature search indicates that there are limited data on the pharmacokinetic properties of anticancer herbal medicines in humans, and these studies are mainly focused on a small number of herbal medicines including curcumin, ginseng, ginkgo, ginger and milk thistle that have shown some promising benefits in cancer patients. For example, the human study has showed that 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol from ginger are rapidly absorbed and eliminated with an elimination half-lives of 75–120 min at a 2 g dose. Following administration of resveratrol to humans, at least six metabolites are recovered from plasma and urine. In cancer patients receiving silibinin formulated with phosphatidylcholine, silibinin glucuronides and sulfates are detected in plasma. Both the dose levels and pharmacokinetic processes of active herbal components in the body govern the target-site concentrations and thus the anticancer effect of herbal medicines. In this regard, a safe and optimal use of anticancer herbal medicines requires a full understanding of their pharmacokinetic profiles. To optimize the use of anticancer herbal remedies, further studies to explore their pharmacokinetic properties in humans are certainly warranted.
Civil Procedure: Justices Clarified Courts' Role on Sanctions and Attorney Fees

Commentary and analysis of seven decisions from the Supreme Court, on its 1989-90 docket, dealing with various aspects of civil procedure and federal courts. The article discusses the Court’s opinions in Pavelic & LeFlore v. Marvel Entertainment Group; Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp.; U.S. Dept. of Labor v. Triplett; Venegas v. Mitchell; INS v. Jean; Spallone v. U.S.; and Missouri v. Jenkins. In Pavelic, the Court announced that the individual lawyer who signs a pleading or paper is personally responsible for compliance with Rule11, rather than the lawyer’s partners or law firm. In Cooter, the court affirmed the abuse-of-discretion appellate standard of review of district court Rule 11 sanctions (rather than de novo review). In Triplett, the Court found scant evidence offered to challenge the Labor Department’s award of attorney fees under the Black Lung Benefits Act of 1972; the evidence offered was insufficient to overcome the presumption of regularity and constitutionality of the program. In Venegas, the Court unanimously approved contingent fee agreements between plaintiffs and their lawyers for amounts above any statutory award against defendants in civil rights cases. The Court held that §1988 does not interfere with the enforceability of a contingent fee contract but only controls what the losing defendant must pay, not what the prevailing party must pay his lawyer. In INS v. Jean, the Court ruled that the government’s general interest in protecting the federal fisc is subordinate to the specific statutory goals of encouraging private parties to vindicate their rights and curbing excessive regulation and the unreasonable exercise of government authority. In Spallone, a divided Court refused to permit a federal district judge to impose contempt sanctions on individual Yonkers city council members in order to enforce compliance with a prior consent decree concerning remedial housing in that city. And in Missouri v. Jenkins, the Court concluded that a district court’s direct imposition of a property tax to effectuate court-ordered desegregation in Kansas City contravened principles of federal-state comity and therefore was invalid. The Court sustained an appellate court’s modification order directing the local Kansas City School District to levy its own taxes in support of the desegregation order.
Algorithms in unnormalized arithmetic

Calculation in unnormalized arithmetic provides, as has been described elsewhere, an estimate of the error of each quantity, initial, intermediate, and final, in a calculation. In an acceptable computational algorithm, this error estimate should be close to the true probable error. (The probable error is defined as follows: each computed quantity is defined, in the statement of the problem, explicitly or implicitly as some function of the input data, which are however known only up to errors having some distribution. As the input data vary in their joint distribution, the value of this function varies in a distribution whose variance determines the probable error of the result.) Many computational algorithms fail to achieve this goal, because whenever two numbers are combined arithmetically (+, -, ×, or ÷) in a computer, anycorrelation of the errors of the two numbers is perforce ignored; in consequence, the error estimate of a computed result may be greater than, comparable with, or smaller than the probable error, in which case the algorithm is called "conservative", "faithful", or "liberal", respectively. In this article, a matrix-inversion algorithm based on an assignment strategy is described, which is very close to faithful, as evidenced by extensive numerical tests, which are also described. A test matrix has elements with varying numbers of leading zeros, the remaining bits in a 43-bit pattern are regarded as meaningful; its inverse is computed. A series of perturbed matrices are formed by adding or subtracting a one-bit in the 31st-stage of each input matrix element; this corresponds to amaximum change in the last twelve bits; the statistical aspect is then in the choice of addition-subtraction. By comparing the results of the successive inversions, the magnitude of the probable error (as defined above) resulting from these perturbations can be rather closely determined. (These tests cover the case in which the errors of the input matrix elements are uncorrelated.) If the calculation is regarded as one in which the 30th bit is the last significant one and the remaining 13 bits are guard digits, then, for a faithful algorithm, the observed probable error should appear starting in the 31st place. This is found to be the case quite accurately for the algorithm here proposed, but not for other commonly used algorithms. It should be pointed out that the algorithm here described is optimal also for normalized arithmetic (in which errors are ignored), because the precision on the one hand cannot be increased by retaining insignificant digits and on the other hand is in any case limited by the true probable error, no matter what algorithm is used (unless the input data are infinitely precise). However, the results are likely to be less satisfactory in normalized arithmetic, because explicit use is made of the relative precisions of certain quantities at each pivoting in the matrix inversion, and the machine indication of this relative precision is falsified when numbers are unduly normalized.
DNA-templated fabrication of two-dimensional metallic nanostructures by thermal evaporation coating.

A biotemplating strategy for fabrication of metallic nanoparticle arrays has been developed. The templates are self-assembled DNA nanostructures, which dictate nanoparticle synthesis in the gas−sol...
Chemical Modeling of Boron Adsorption by Humic Materials Using the Constant Capacitance Model

The constant capacitance surface complexation model was used to describe B adsorption behavior on reference Aldrich humic acid, humic acids from various soil environments, and dissolved organic matter extracted from sewage effluents. The reactive surface functional groups on thehumicmaterialswere assumedto be a carboxylsite, XOH, and a phenol site, YOH. Initially, total concentrations of the sites, XOHTand YOHTand the proton dissociation constants for the carboxyl site, LogKX- ,a nd the phenol site, LogKY-, were optimized by fitting the constant capacitance model to potentiometric titration data on reference Aldrich humic acid ob- tained from the literature. Subsequently, the model was fit to experimental B adsorption data obtained from the literature by optimizing two tetrahe- dral B surface complexation constants: LogKXB- for a carboxyl site and LogKYB- for a phenol site. The model was well able to describe the exper- imental B adsorption data both as a function of solution B concentration (isotherm data) and solution pH (envelope data) for all humic materials. The ability to represent changes in B adsorption as a function of solution pH is the main advantage of the constant capacitance model over adsorp- tion isotherm equations. Results from the current study can be used to de- scribe B adsorption behavior on diverse humic materials of interest in environmental and agricultural situations.
Treatment of chronic diabetes insipidus.

Polyuria and polydipsia of diabetes insipidus are usually treated by hormonal replacement.Posterior pituitary powder is the preparation of choice when it adequately controls the symptoms without side effects; when it does not, vasopressin tannate in oil should be used.Once the symptoms are controlled, the physician should determine whether the diabetes insipidus is secondary to involvement of the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system by a disease that will respond to operation, irradiation or medication
War Crimes, Atrocity, and Justice

In the spirit of Michael Shapiro’s work, we begin with a film. Stanley Kubrick’s seminal Paths of Glory (1958) demonstrates, among other things, the violence in enclosing the complexities of wartim...
Chronic Problem Wounds

It is often challenging to diagnose and treat chronic wounds. This article provides a basic understanding of the dynamics of wound healing and the factors that contribute to impaired wound healing. A systematic approach to the evaluation and management of chronic problem wounds, including prevention of recurrence, is described. This article also examines the role of wound care in the present managed-care arena, and discusses some possibilities to accelerate problem wound healing. Finally, clinical examples of problem wounds and their successful management with various therapeutic regimens are presented.
Association of adiponectin and socioeconomic status in African American men and women: the Jackson heart study.

Recent emphasis has been placed on elucidating the biologic mechanism linking socioeconomic status (SES) to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Positive associations of inflammatory biomarkers provide evidence suggestive of a biologic pathway by which SES may predispose to CVD. African Americans have disproportionately lower SES and have a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors compared to most ethnic/racial groups. Adiponectin (an anti-inflammatory marker) is also lower. The objective of this study was to assess the association of adiponectin with SES among African American men and women using the Jackson Heart Study. Study sample included 4340 participants. Linear regression was performed separately by SES and stratified by sex. Annual household income and level of education was used as proxies for SES. Crude, age, health behavior and health status adjusted models were analyzed. The main outcome was log-transformed adiponectin. Men in the lowest income group had significantly higher adiponectin than those in the highest income group in the fully adjusted model (s/standard error [se], p value = .16/.08, p = .0008. Men with < high school level of education had significantly higher adiponectin in the crude and age adjusted models than those with ≥ college degree (.25/.05, p < .0001; .14/.05/ p = .005, respectively). Women with some college or vocational training in the crude and age adjusted models had lower adiponectin compared to women with ≥ college degree (−.09/.03, p = .004; −.06/.03, p = .04, respectively). Findings suggest a potential inverse biologic pathway between annual household income and adiponectin among African American men. There was no such finding among women. Findings suggest interventions should be targeted for higher SES African American men to improve adiponectin levels.
Progressive gauge U(1) family symmetry for quarks and leptons

The pattern of quark and lepton mass matrices is unexplained in the standard model of particle interactions. I propose the novel idea of a progressive gauge U(1) symmetry where it is a reflection of the regressive electroweak symmetry breaking pattern, caused by an extended Higgs scalar sector. Phenomenological implications of this new hypothesis are discussed.
Integrating SAP Across the Business Curriculum

This chapter describes the integration of the SAP R/3 system into courses across the undergraduate and graduate business curriculum at Bentley College. It argues that the integration of the SAP R/3 system into existing business courses, rather than creating standalone courses covering enterprise systems concepts, is a preferable way to immerse students in This chapter appears in the book, Managing Business with SAP: Planning, Implementation and Evaluation, edited by Linda Lau. Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copy ng or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permis ion of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING Integrating SAP Across the Business Curriculum 45 Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. information technology issues and help them understand how enterprise systems have significantly transformed the workplace. The authors describe the processes used to train faculty, develop and test curriculum materials, and coordinate the integration effort. Learning objectives and SAP R/3 curricular content are described for MBA, accounting, and finance courses.
When Engagement is Not Enough: Building the Next Generation of the Engaged Campus

The community engagement movement, I suggest, has reached an “engagement ceiling.” It is thus time to develop a blueprint for the next generation of the engaged campus. It is a chance to seed a second wave of scholarship and activism for the long­term sustenance of civic and community engagement in higher education. This book provides a model for doing so
Reply to Comment on “Pervasive remagnetization of detrital zircon host rocks in the Jack Hills, Western Australia and implications for records of the early dynamo”

Determining the history of Earth's dynamo prior to the oldest known well-preserved rock record is one of the ultimate challenges in the field of paleomagnetism. Tarduno et al. (2015) argued that detrital zircons contain records of an active dynamo dating back to 4.2 billion years ago (Ga), 700 million years earlier than previously identified (Biggin et al., 2011 and Tarduno et al., 2010). However, this extraordinary claim requires evidence that the zircons have not been remagnetized during the intervening time since their formation. Weiss et al. (2015) argued that such evidence had yet to be provided, a conclusion that we find still firmly holds.
Impact of antigenic exposure on the developmental appearance of IgA, IgG and IgM-containing cells in the lacrimal gland

Pronounced changes occur in the secretory immune system of the eye during postnatal development [1,2]. These alterations include a dramatic increase in the IgA-containing cell population of the lacrimal gland [2], which is the principal tissue involved in ocular mucosal immunity [3]. However, whether this immunological maturation is influenced by antigen presence on the surface of the eye remains to be established.
Polyisobutylene based thermoplastic elastomers: VI. Poly(α-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene-b-α-methylstyrene) triblock copolymers by coupling of living poly (α-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene) diblock copolymers

Poly(α-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene-b-α-methylstyrene) (PaMeSt-PIB-PaMePSt) triblock copolymers have been prepared via coupling of living diblock copolymers in a one pot procedure. The PaMeSt-PIB diblock copolymers were synthesized by living sequential cationic polymerization in methylcyclohexane (MeChx)/methylchloride (MeCl) solvent mixtures at -80 °C using BCl 3 for aMeSt polymerization and TiCl 4 for IB polymerization as coinitiators. The crossover efficiency, however, was only ∼57 %, due to intermolecular alkylation (indanyl ring formation) after the addition of TiCl 4 . By modifying the PaMeSt end with a short segment of p-chloro-a-methylstyrene before IB addition the crossover efficiency was increased to 90 %. Coupling of the living block copolymers with 2,2-bis[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl]propane (BDPEP) was rapid and gave - 90 % efficiency.
Gay men's experiences coming out online: A qualitative study

ABSTRACTThe current study employed qualitative methodology to investigate the experiences of 12 gay men who came out online, using Facebook. Analysis of coding data yielded several key themes. First, gay men discussed a range of experiences that influenced their online disclosure, including homophobia, internalized homophobia, and previous salient sexual identity disclosures. Participants also commonly expressed a variety of goals and concerns about coming out online, including improving relationships and loss of friends, respectively. Finally, gay men identified several benefits to coming out on Facebook, including increased efficiency in coming out as compared to face-to-face disclosures, increased authenticity, and decreased ambiguity about their sexuality. Results are discussed within the context of literature on men's coming-out experiences and online identity management.
The Value of Public Libraries During a Major Flooding

In October 2015, several counties in South Carolina experienced catastrophic flooding that caused severe damage, including loss of residential homes and other calamities. Using a framework for risk communication preparedness and implementation about pandemic influenza for vulnerable populations recommended by public health experts, this case study investigates public libraries’ value to their communities and their legitimacy as partners of public health agencies during and after a disaster. Public libraries’ situation-specific information services in the target areas affected by flooding during and after the disaster were explored. The methodology was qualitative-based. Focus-group meetings with public library administrators and librarians, one-on-one interviews with community members, and an in-depth interview with a FEMA agent were conducted. Preliminary results reveal essential needs regarding health information and technology access during and after the disaster. Recommendations on the use of digital library resources and social media for disaster and health information dissemination are discussed.
Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is associated with short-term reduction of seizures after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.

Therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of moderate to severe neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has been shown to reduce death and disability, but the effects on seizures after discharge from the Neonatal ICU are not known. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 56 neonates admitted to the Neonatal ICU at Children’s Hospital of Orange County, CA from January 1, 2007 to September 1, 2013 with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy who met criteria for selective brain cooling. Fifteen patients received supportive care. Forty-one patients received cooling, of whom 25 were included for analysis. Sixteen patients from the hypothermia group and 12 from the no hypothermia group developed clinical seizures while inpatient. Up to 6 months, four patients (16%) had continued seizures in the therapeutic hypothermia group compared to eight (53%) patients who did not receive hypothermia. Our study shows an association between therapeutic hypothermia and reduced seizures after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. The short duration of follow-up, 6 months, is a limitation of this study. Another limitation is its observational nature, where reasons for treatment selection and exclusions are unmeasurable confounding factors. Further studies are needed to determine long-term effects.
Stabilizing zein nanoparticle dispersions with ι-carrageenan

Abstract Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) suspended in water were produced by the antisolvent precipitation method and combined with ι-carrageenan (ι-CGN) suspended in sodium phosphate buffer in order to evaluate the ability of the negatively-charged ι-CGN to stabilize ZNPs against flocculation and gravitational separation. Physical stability of 0.01% ZNP (w/v) dispersions with 0%–0.02% ι-CGN (w/v) was observed during storage at 4 °C and during centrifugation. Colloidal properties of the particles during storage, such as hydrodynamic radius, turbidity, and ζ-potential were characterized at pH values above pH 5. At pH 5, ZNPs were present as small aggregates with an average hydrodynamic radius of approximately 500 nm, and at higher pH values these aggregated further so that the average size was greater than 1000 nm. Addition of sufficient ι-CGN to achieve a ZNP:ι-CGN weight ratio less than or equal to 10:1 prevented aggregation in the pH range of 5.25–6.75 and limited aggregation at pH 7.0 (average particle radius of 200–400 nm). Enhanced stability was attributed to the adhesion of ι-CGN to the nanoparticle surface, as the ZNPs surface charge became significantly negative with introduction of ι-CGN. These particles remained stable for up to 30 days with significantly lower turbidity and greater resistance to gravitational separation when compared to ZNPs alone. Characterization of ZNPs with an atomic force microscope showed that the particles possessed a nearly spherical geometry with a Young's modulus of ∼100 MPa, neither of which was significantly altered after addition of interactive ι-CGN.
Defining and Measuring Project Performance

(1979). Defining and Measuring Project Performance. Research Management: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 17-22.
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Prostate Cancer

Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is a critical element of an oncologically well-performed radical prostatectomy. PLND provides critical staging information that may be used to influence or guide treatment. Mounting evidence also demonstrates that PLND likely has an important therapeutic role. Unfortunately, especially in the current era of minimally invasive surgery, PLND is often performed poorly, if at all, and data regarding PLND are often omitted from published reports. The cause for the apparent decline in the recognition of the importance of a PLND is not entirely clear but appears to inversely mirror the increase in the prevalence of robotic prostatectomy. The lack of a complete PLND in many robotic cases may be partially due to uncertainty that a thorough PLND can be performed robotically and result in outcomes equivalent to a thorough open lymphadenectomy. This chapter details the exact surgical steps necessary to accomplish this goal. We also review the data supporting both the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of the PLND.
Case 15-2018: An 83-Year-Old Woman with Nausea, Vomiting, and Confusion.

A Woman with Nausea, Vomiting, and Confusion An 83-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation was admitted to the hospital because of weakness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Her family ...
Numerical Aspects and Implementation of theDamoclesMonte Carlo Device Simulation Program

We discuss our numerical model for electronic transport in semiconductor devices from three perspectives: (i) physical basis of the model, (ii) issues related to numerics and program implementation, and (iii) device simulation results. The emphasis in this chapter will be on numerics and program implementation, while the other two topics are only reviewed for completeness. Our Monte Carlo device simulation program is called DAMOCLES (Device Analysis using Monte Carlo et Poisson solver). To date, DAMOCLES has been used to simulate Si, GaAs, InP, Gap 0.47In0.53 As and InAs MOSFETs and bipolar homojunction transistors and GaAs MESFETs.
Diaphragm and Cervical Cap

Contraceptive diaphragms and cervical caps are two of the nonhormonal barrier contraceptive devices available for use today. Use of these devices has declined over several decades due to the increasing variety of other methods available, but they still have a place in providing contraception for certain carefully selected women. Caps and diaphragms are good contraceptives for women who are unable to tolerate hormones; they are both inexpensive and are durable. They are also intermittently used contraceptives which may be an advantage for those who require contraceptives on an infrequent basis.
The reimbursement factor in pharmaceutical regulation: rebates, cost-effectiveness, and practice guidelines.

The delivery of health care services in the United States is increasingly influenced by the coverage determinations of third—party payers. This paper reviews 3 specific initiatives recently undertaken by the federal government that relate directly or indirectly to reimbursement for pharmaceuticals. The 3 initiatives, involving new conditions of coverage and incorporating language and policies that signal broader changes for the future, are the Medicaid Prudent Pharmaceutical Purchasing Program enacted as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, the national coverage criteria proposed by the Health Care Financing Administration, and the Agency For Health Care Policy and Research with its mandate to oversee the development of clinical practice guidelines.
Progress Toward the Development of a Receptor Model for Hallucinogenic Amphetamines

SUMMARY In summary, we can briefly describe the model as developed at this time. We view the amphetamine receptor as possessing two principal features: one site provides anchoring for the onium group whereas the other feature interacts with the phenyl ring and substituents. In addition, there is implied the presence of a feature associated with the 3,4 region of the phenyl ring. The best model for the phenyl ring receptor is the methyl indole molecule with the two rings, one directly above the other at a separation distance of 4.5 A. The correlation from these results (equation 2) is better than that reported for any other SAR study to date, accounting for 74% of the variation in the data. Further inclusion of a term relating to distribution or absorption improves the correlation so that 82% of the variation is accounted for. This provisional model can now be tested against data for other amphetamines, mescalines, tryptamines and other hallucinogenic agents.
Low-Frequency Mean Square Slopes and Dominant Wave Spectral Properties: Toward Tropical Cyclone Remote Sensing

Spectral properties near the dominant wave region influence significantly the surface roughness relevant to ocean remote sensing employing low-frequency microwave sensors. The critical parameters characterizing dominant waves are wind speed and dimensionless spectral peak frequency, which is the inverse wave age. The dimensionless spectral peak frequency can be expressed as an equivalent dimensionless fetch or duration. The connection between dominant waves and surface roughness is the spectral slope. This paper presents a surface wave spectral model designed for low-frequency microwave remote sensing, with special emphasis on tropical cyclone (TC) applications. The key elements of the spectral model are: 1) a general spectral function with coefficients accommodating a variable spectral slope and 2) a parametric function connecting the spectral slope and wind speed, which is established with the mean square slope (MSS) observations obtained inside hurricanes by the global positioning system reflectometry technique. In order to make use of the MSS observations inside hurricanes, parametric models of the spatial distributions of wind speed and dimensionless spectral peak frequency inside TCs are developed. The parametric models are based on the wind and wave similarity relationships derived from analyses of hurricane hunter measurements.
The Desktop Doctor: Medical Rhetoric in the Emergent Online Context

Online medical resources, most typified in the service WebMD, have become a common source of medical information for many consumers. This study used an online survey and content analysis of several popular online medical resources to determine users’ motivations for using these services, and differences between clinical and online medicine. Results indicated the high level of user choice present in these resources. Clinical medicine was found to have a larger influence on patient decisions than online medicine, despite high levels of online use. Results also highlighted these resources’ low level of direct user involvement, in contrast to their high level of user choice.
Reducing radiation dose: Equipment, procedure, and operator Perfecting the Trifecta

This article illustrates the positive impact of fluoroscopic imaging equipment on radiation dose reduction in CTO PCI. The reader should recognize the importance of purchasing and maintaining the best equipment, understanding procedure/patient complexity, and assuring operator training in radiation dose reduction. Future efforts/studies should focus upon all three areas of dose reduction for best results.
Microkinetic modeling of aqueous phase biomass conversion:Application to ethylene glycol reforming

Abstract In this communication, we develop automatically a reaction network for ethylene glycol reforming on Pt. We employ a recently introduced group additivity scheme for estimation of thermochemistry over metal catalysts in vapor phase and in solution along with Bronsted-Evans-Polanyi (BEP) relations for vapor phase kinetics to parameterize microkinetic models for vapor and aqueous phases. Unlike vapor-phase reforming, we show that solvent occupies a significant fraction of surface sites and by doing this, it shifts the water-gas shift reaction to CO2 and H2 and avoids poisoning of the catalyst by CO. The model is found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Predictors of Clinical Outcomes After Proximal Hamstring Repair.

Background:Proximal hamstring avulsions cause considerable morbidity. Operative repair results in improved pain, function, and patient satisfaction; however, outcomes remain variable.Purpose:To eva...
Infusing Computational Thinking Across Disciplines: Reflections & Lessons Learned

In this work, we describe our effort to develop, pilot, and evaluate a model for infusing computational thinking into undergraduate curricula across a variety of disciplines using multiple methods that previously have been individually tried and tested, including: (1) multiple pathways of computational thinking, (2) faculty professional development, (3) undergraduate peer mentors, and (4) formative assessment. We present pilot instantiations of computational thinking integration in three different disciplines including sociology, mathematics and music. We also present our professional development approach, which is based on faculty support rather than a co-teaching model. Further, we discuss formative assessment during the pilot implementation, including data focusing on undergraduate students' understanding and dispositions towards computational thinking. Finally, we reflect on what worked, what did not work and why, and identify lessons learned. Our work is relevant to higher education institutions across the nation interested in preparing students who can utilize computational principles to address discipline-specific problems.
Plant-based and cell-based animal product alternatives: An assessment and agenda for food tech justice

Abstract As a response to the varied environmental, public health, and animal welfare challenges of contemporary animal food production, advocates of plant-based and cell-based animal food alternatives have championed those products as key to feeding the growing global population. This review offers an overview of key arguments in favor of and in opposition to animal product alternatives, and from there situates the debate within literature on food system change. It concludes that animal product alternatives are most likely to be incorporated as reforms within the corporate food regime and are generally incompatible with food sovereignty perspectives. Whether animal product alternatives could align with the food justice approach, however, is less clear. An agenda that operationalizes plant-based and cell-based animal product alternatives through a lens of “food tech justice” might offer a productive path forward for food system health, equity, and sustainability.