cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A high performance photodetector using a novel drift dominated structure in defected materials

By integrating InP photodiodes with Si, we can take advantage of the low cost and robustness of large Si substrates. However, the major challenge of this strategy is the high density of dislocations in InP grown on Si, due to the 8% lattice mismatch and large difference in thermal expansion coefficient. Large concentrations of dislocations act as recombination centers which greatly deteriorates the performance of the InP photodiodes. We have developed InP photodiodes whose photo-active regions have large electric fields in order to achieve high quantum efficiencies, even with defected material. We use a GaP substrate as the first step since GaP is lattice matched to Si, which could be used as a buffer layer between InP and Si. We compared two different structures: a normal p-i-n structure and a drift dominated structure.
Art Without A Market: Creating Artistic Value In A Provincial Art World

Symbolic interactionism is defined as the study of social acts and social objects. Paintings are social objects whose value is almost entirely created in the social acts called art worlds. Important art worlds are currently organized as art markets, in which art is created, exhibited, bought, sold and discussed by artists, museums, dealers, collectors, and critics. In St. Louis, where fieldwork was done, the art market is marginal; art schools and faculty artists replace dealers, collectors, museums, galleries, and critics in the local production of art, the creation of art value, and the determination of artistic status.
Imaging of orthotopic liver transplantation: review.

Received September 23, 2010; accepted without revision September 23, 2010. 1Department of Radiology, University of Washington, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, S-114/Radiology, Mail Stop 358280, Seattle, WA 98108. Address correspondence to P. Bhargava (bhargp@u.washington.edu). 2Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 3Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. AJR 2011;196:WS15–WS25 0361–803X/11/1963–S1 © American Roentgen Ray Society Objective Orthotopic liver transplantation is an established treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure. Complications of liver transplantation include vascular thrombosis and stenosis; arterial pseudoaneurysm; biliary leak, stricture, and obstruction; liver ischemia, infarction, and abscess; recurrent disease; posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD); recurrent tumors; peritransplant fluid collections and hematomas; and splenic infarction. The incidence of graft rejection and other complications experienced in the early years after the surgery has been reduced significantly because of advances in immunosuppression and surgical techniques. The clinical presentation of these complications is often nonspecific, and early detection of these complications on imaging is necessary for appropriate management. Living related liver transplantations are performed commonly, especially in children. Orthotopic liver transplantation is distinct from living related liver transplantation with regard to surgical technique, postoperative anatomy, and some complications. This article reviews the imaging appearances of different surgical techniques as well as the early and late complications of orthotopic liver transplantation.
Current time-domain methods for assessing tissue motion by analysis from reflected ultrasound echoes-a review

The Doppler technique has traditionally been the method used to extract motion information from ultrasonic echoes reflected by moving tissues. The Doppler technique has been around for a long time, and has been extensively reviewed and analyzed in the literature. Recently, time-domain methodologies for estimating tissue motion have gained in popularity. Time-domain methods have advantages over Doppler methods in many applications, and as of yet have not been comprehensively reviewed. An overview of time-domain techniques that have appeared in the literature over the past few years is presented. Their potential advantages over Doppler are examined, and the individual techniques are compared. >
Defending Against Attacks on Main Memory Persistence

Main memory contains transient information for all resident applications. However, if memory chip contents survives power-off, e.g., via freezing DRAM chips, sensitive data such as passwords and keys can be extracted. Main memory persistence will soon be the norm as recent advancements in MRAM and FeRAM position non-volatile memory technologies for widespread deployment in laptop, desktop, and embedded system main memory. Unfortunately, the same properties that provide energy efficiency, tolerance against power failure, and "instant-on'' power-up also subject systems to offline memory scanning. In this paper, we propose a memory encryption control unit (MECU) that provides memory confidentiality during system suspend and across reboots. The MECU encrypts all memory transfers between the processor-local level 2 cache and main memory to ensure plaintext data is never written to the persistent medium. The MECU design is outlined and performance and security trade-offs considered. We evaluate a MECU-enhanced architecture using the SimpleScalar hardware simulation framework on several hardware benchmarks. This analysis shows the majority of memory accesses are delayed by less than 1 ns, with higher access latencies (caused by resume state reconstruction) subsiding within 0.25 seconds of a system resume. In effect, the MECU provides zero-cost steady state memory confidentiality for non-volatile main memory.
A review of Erebomyia (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) , with descriptions of three new species

The genus Erebomyia is reviewed and a key is provided for the four known species, three of which are described here: Erebomyia aetheoptera n. sp., E. akidoptera n. sp., and E. ramseyensis n. sp. The type species, E. exalloptera Runyon & Hurley, is redescribed and the male genitalia illustrated. Erebomyia is known from Arizona (3 spp.) and California (1 sp.), and males are notable for their modified wings, most exceptionally those of E. exalloptera whose left wing is of a different shape and size than the right wing. The occurrence of directional wing asymmetry in insects is reviewed to place the unique wings of E. exalloptera in context. Observations of Erebomyia courtship behavior are provided, and the potential adaptive significance of asymmetrical and modified wings of Erebomyia is discussed.
Undoing Neutrality? From Separation to Tolerance in Establishment Clause Jurisprudence

This essay argues that post-incorporation Religion Clause doctrine is the story of a long shift from a dominant norm of strict separation of church and state, to one of religious neutrality, to the brink of a new norm of “Judeo-Christian tolerance” - that is, a doctrine that permits special legislative protections for religious exercise, and that constitutionalizes civil religious practices like government references to deity, so-called “nonsectarian” government prayer, and other government-sponsored religious displays and symbols. Nearly 50 years ago, Philip Kurland proposed a “religious neutrality” norm for the Religion Clauses. The Court did not take his advice; within a decade, the dominant Establishment Clause norm was the strict separation of church and state, though the special disabilities that separation imposed on religion under the Establishment Clause were balanced by constitutionally compelled exemptions giving special protection to religion under the Free Exercise Clause. Eventually, however, the Court shifted to religious neutrality as the dominant norm of both Religion Clauses, abandoning most of the special disabilities imposed by strict separation, as well as the special protections of religion afforded by exemptions. Nevertheless, neutrality has remained the dominant norm only for Establishment Clause questions raised by the distribution of government benefits to religion. Neutrality has been substantially undermined by a statutory revival of religious exemptions that has reinstituted special protection for religious exercise, and by growing acceptance of government endorsement or appropriation of religious symbols and practices, so long as these do not entail coercion of belief. The convergence of three doctrinal developments creates the possibility that tolerance might wholly displace neutrality as the dominant Establishment Clause norm, just as neutrality once displaced separation: the emergence of “acknowledgment” of religion as constitutionally permissible under the Establishment Clause, the Supreme Court’s elaboration of a “government speech” principle that may remove even religious government messages from First Amendment scrutiny, and the likely replacement of “endorsement” by “coercion” as the principal touchstone for measuring Establishment Clause violations.
Sustaining protein synthesis in the absence of rapid cell division: An investigation of plasmid-encoded protein expression in Escherichia coli during very slow growth

The minimum growth rate capable of supporting plasmid-encoded gene expression is determined using continuous cultures of Escherichia coli MZ9387 at dilution rates (D) as low as 5% of the maximum specific growth rate. Expression from a low copy number plasmid, pMPR166, encoding cyanase under the control of P(lac) is investigated in order to study plasmid-encoded gene expression under conditions approaching starvation. Plasmid copy number was stabilized by selection in the presence of 500 micrograms/mL chloramphenicol by constitutive expression of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). Plasmid retention was determined by dot-blot hybridization and chloramphenicol resistance. The contribution of plasmid maintenance and cyanase expression to the maximum cell yield (Y'x/s) and the maintenance coefficient (ms) was determined for MZ9387 and MZ9387:pMPR166 under uninduced and IPTG-induced conditions. The values of Y'x/s and ms for non-plasmid-bearing cultures were 0.56 g of cell dry mass (DCM)/g of glucose and 0.26 g of glucose/g of DCM.h, respectively. The cell yield for plasmid-bearing cultures under uninduced conditions (Y 0'x/s) was 0.28 g of DCM/g of glucose, with m0s = 0.08 g of glucose/g of DCM.h. These values decreased following induction of cyanase expression. Glucose consumption in the presence of IPTG was linearly related to the growth rate at D < 0.28 h-1 but nonlinear at dilution rates greater than 50% of the maximum specific growth rate, indicating that cyanase expression alters metabolism and glucose consumption. The fraction of plasmid-free cells decreased with decreasing Damkohler number (Da). These data confirm the usefulness of Da for predicting the relationship between plasmid-free and plasmid-bearing cells where plasmids are stabilized by concentrations of antibiotic greater than the minimum plasmid-free host cell growth inhibitory concentration. Specific cyanase expression increased as the dilution rate decreased to D = 0.15 h-1. Between D = 0.15 h-1 and D = 0.14 h-1, expression decreased 7-fold. At very low dilution rates (D < or = 0.06 h-1), nonseptated filamentous cells appeared. The appearance of filamentous cells could be reversed by increasing the dilution rate. These data are evidence that when plasmid copy number is stabilized by chloramphenicol resistance, a minimum dilution rate exists below which stringent regulation of protein synthesis dramatically reduces gene expression.
Structural bolstering of metal sites as nodes in metal–organic frameworks

We show that a metal site attains orders of magnitude higher resistance (compared to its molecular form) towards external ligand-induced disruption of its coordination environment upon incorporation as the building block of a crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF).
Antibacterial Peptides: Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that is a growing and costly global health concern. The onset of disease is a consequence of an ecological imbalance within the dental plaque biofilm that favors specific acidogenic and aciduric caries pathogens, namely Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. It is now recognized by the scientific and medical community that it is neither possible nor desirable to totally eliminate dental plaque. Conversely, the chemical biocides most commonly used for caries prevention and treatment indiscriminately attack all plaque microorganisms. These treatments also suffer from other drawbacks such as bad taste, irritability, and staining. Furthermore, the public demand for safe and natural personal hygiene products continues to rise. Therefore, there are opportunities that exist to develop new strategies for the treatment of this disease. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, antibacterial peptides have been explored greatly over the last three decades for many different therapeutic uses. There are currently tens of hundreds of antibacterial peptides characterized across the evolutionary spectrum, and among these, many demonstrate physical and/or biological properties that may be suitable for a more targeted approach to the selective control or elimination of putative caries pathogens. Additionally, many peptides, such as nisin, are odorless, colorless, and tasteless and do not cause irritation or staining. This review focuses on antibacterial peptides for their potential role in the treatment and prevention of dental caries and suggests candidates that need to be explored further. Practical considerations for the development of antibacterial peptides as oral treatments are also discussed.
Jacqueline Kennedy and Cold War Propaganda

As First Lady, Jacqueline Kennedy attracted enormous public attention worldwide not only through intense media coverage but also through propaganda efforts orchestrated by the U.S. government. This article examines how film and television propaganda helped turn her into a goodwill ambassador who built international support for the Kennedy administration during the Cold War. An interview with filmmaker George Stevens, Jr., and a thorough examination of archival documents illuminate the overseas success of three documentaries featuring the First Lady. Their worldwide distribution by the United States Information Agency in 1962 made her a potent diplomatic asset to the New Frontier.
The Historical Value of Motion Pictures

The advantages to students and historians will be immeasurable. Instead of dry and misleading accounts, tinged with the exaggerations of the chroniclers' minds, our archives will be enriched by the vitalized pictures of great national scenes, instinct with all the glowing personalities which characterized them. What is the future of the kinetograph? Ask rather, from what conceivable phase of the future it can be debarred. In the promotion of business interests, in the advancement of science, in the revelation of unguessed worlds, in its educational and re-creative powers, and in its ability to immortalize our fleeting but beloved associations, the kinetograph stands foremost among the creations of modern inventive genius.1
Steady flow dynamics during granular impact

We study experimentally and computationally the dynamics of granular flow during impacts where intruders strike a collection of disks from above. In the regime where granular force dynamics are much more rapid than the intruder motion, we find that the particle flow near the intruder is proportional to the instantaneous intruder speed; it is essentially constant when normalized by that speed. The granular flow is nearly divergence free and remains in balance with the intruder, despite the latter's rapid deceleration. Simulations indicate that this observation is insensitive to grain properties, which can be explained by the separation of time scales between intergrain force dynamics and intruder dynamics. Assuming there is a comparable separation of time scales, we expect that our results are applicable to a broad class of dynamic or transient granular flows. Our results suggest that descriptions of static-in-time granular flows might be extended or modified to describe these dynamic flows. Additionally, we find that accurate grain-grain interactions are not necessary to correctly capture the granular flow in this regime.
Changes in liver inorganic pyrophosphate content during ethanol metabolism.

The injection of ethanol (70 mmol/kg body weight) into male Wistar rats fed ad libitum caused an increase within 15 min in the liver inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) content from 0.012 ± 0.001 μmol/g (wet weight) to 0.029 ± 0.001 μmol/g. The injection of acetate (20 mmol/kg body weight) increased the liver PPi to 0.157 ± 0.075 µmol/g in 15 min. The alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole blocked the accumulation of acetate and the increase in PPi was prevented. Disulfiram, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, did not prevent changes in redox state, but the accumulation of acetate in the liver was decreased and the increase in liver PPi content was diminished (0.019 ± 0.003 μmol/g). These data suggest that the increase in PPi observed after injection of ethanol may be due to the activation of the acetate produced during ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation.
Proliferative response of mantle cell lymphoma cells stimulated by CD40 ligation and IL-4

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a tumor of intermediate-size, IgM+, IgD+ B cells derived from the mantle zone of the germinal center. Little is known about its specific immunologic features or responsiveness to T cell-derived signals. In this work, we evaluated the proliferation and cell cycle properties of freshly isolated MCL cells after CD40 ligation, in the absence and presence of interleukin 4 (IL-4). In each MCL case examined, there was a marked growth-enhancing effect of these two stimuli characterized by improved viability, augmented expression of Ki-67, and induction of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Cyclin D1 was expressed throughout the cell cycle in MCL cells induced to enter S phase. From these investigations, we conclude that the biology of MCL B lymphocytes is affected by CD154 (CD40 ligand) and IL-4, two signals usually provided by CD4+ T cells. The capacity to manipulate the activation and cell cycle state of MCL cells by these specific immunological stimuli may be exploited to confer susceptibility to chemotherapy agents and develop novel therapies in this disease.
Inductive and Deductive Politics: Science and Society in Antebellum Presbyterian Thought

IN 1860 the Princeton Review, the organ of Princeton Presbyterianism, presented an essay bearing the then incisive title: "Inductive and Deductive Politics." Neither the author, a prominent Pittsburgh jurist and active Presbyterian layman, nor the argument he so laboriously developed, was in itself of memorable dimension; and the article has since lain interred in an obscure corner of the American past. Yet, if weighed within the original context of ideas and events, this tract for the times is worthy of exhumation. Appearing as the lead item in the most powerful journal of conservative "Old School" Presbyterianism near the climax of a lengthy period of social and ideological disruption, it was a culminating expression of an important trend in nineteenthcentury ideas and one of the last efforts in conservative American thought prior to the Civil War to confute the "abstract" idealism of reform. The early and middle decades of the nineteenth century have been commemorated by scholars as a period alive with concepts of dissent and reform. Historians have mined the rich literary remains of "freedom's ferment." The diverse patterns of ideas that animated the crusades and experiments of those days have been paraded before the academic public. Yet a contrastingly small portion of scholarly energies has been expended upon the study of conservative strategies in ideas, with the result that important "minds" of the period remain but sketchily traced, if discerned at all.' The fact is that the age from George Washington to Abraham Lincoln
An analysis of the GDP spillover effects of carbon abatement between China and the United States

This paper supplements the literature about the effects of reducing carbon dioxide emission in an attempt to simulate the international GDP spillovers as a result of climate protection policy.A simulating system,which is intended to model domestic effects of mitigating carbon emissions as well as international effects represented by GDP spillovers,is constructed in this paper.The model system is based on three well-known models,State-contingent model,Demeter model,and Mundell-Fleming.The noticeable contribution of this paper lies in the integration of climate-economy model and the international GDP spillover model.Thus,it is possible to realize the analysis of international GDP spillovers caused by the anticipated climate protection actions from different countries.The United States and China,the two countries with the most carbon emissions in the present world,are taken as examples to implement the model.Six scenarios of countermeasure for global warming in two countries are set up to identify the effects of different actions.Whether or not to reduce carbon emission and also the different level of carbon reduction are included in these scenarios.The results show that the effects of American policy of reducing carbon emission on China's GDP are more considerable than the effect of China's policy on American GDP.These two effects both go through a process from the negative sign to the positive sign.The policy implication of the research is that the China's GDP growth could take the advantage of American climate protection policy in the long term.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Pregnancy

Abstract During pregnancy, important physiologic changes occur that affect pharmacokinetics and ultimately drug management. These include changes to renal and liver function, changes in serum protein levels, and the addition of a pharmacokinetic compartment (the infant and placenta) that is not present in the broader population. In addition, postpartum return to baseline physiology can further complicate drug management. This chapter examines therapeutic drug monitoring issues associated with pregnancy, including specific examples such as management of antidepressants.
NIST on a Chip: Realizing SI units with microfabricated alkali vapour cells

We describe several ways in which microfabricated alkali atom vapour cells might potentially be used to accurately realize a variety of International System (SI) units, including the second, the meter, the kelvin, the ampere, and the volt, in a compact, low-cost "chip-scale" package. Such instruments may allow inexpensive in-situ calibrations at the user's location or widespread integration of accurate references into instrumentation and systems.
iCenS: An information-centric smart grid network architecture

Smart grid technologies will equip the electrical grid of the future with two-way information flow between grid entities and consumers. This bidirectional information flow facilitates improved grid monitoring, control automation, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Several smart grid networking architectures have been proposed recently. However, the majority of these are restricted to subdomains such as home area networks or substation networks, or are not scalable. There is a need for an overarching and inclusive communication architecture which accounts for all smart grid communication scenarios. In this paper, we propose iCenS, a holistic smart grid networking architecture. We identify various communication scenarios, elaborate on the suitability of iCenS, and discuss how it can be used to solve smart grid networking challenges. We also present simulation results demonstrating the scalability of our design and its effectiveness in serving various types of smart grid traffic.
Guillain-Barré syndrome following heart transplantation complicated by myocardial infarction following treatment with IVIg

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is rare autoimmune polyneuropathy that is infrequently seen in the post-transplant population, presumably due to the presence of immunosuppression. When it does occur in this setting, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common inciting factor. Treatment modalities for GBS include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis. Rarely, IVIg infusion has been associated with myocardial infarction. We describe a case of a patient status post heart transplantation who presented with GBS shortly after developing CMV viremia. When treatment with IVIg was initiated, our patient developed myocardial infarction with acute cardiac biomarker elevation, acute systolic dysfunction, and cardiogenic shock requiring inotropic and vasopressor support. Coronary angiography demonstrated no significant coronary artery disease. The patient’s cardiac function recovered, as did the GBS following initiation of plasmapheresis. We review prior cases of GBS in transplant patients as well as IVIg associated myocardial infarction.
Abstract 3103: Nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells for targeted lung cancer therapy

Solid tumors are characterized by increased interstitial fluid pressure and enhanced solid stress, contributing to poor intra–tumoral penetration of nano drug carriers. This offsets the benefits of enhanced permeation and retention effect often attributed to these drug carriers. We have developed a novel cell based targeting approach using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cellular drug carriers. MSCs have been indicated in the tumor-targeted therapy owing to their selective ability to home to tumors. Our work is focused on non–genetic modification of MSCs by incorporating nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapeutics to create cellular drug depots capable of homing to tumors and releasing drugs over a sustained period of time. Nano–engineered MSCs were manufactured by incubating MSCs with 100µg/mL of paclitaxel loaded (18.5% w/w paclitaxel) PLGA nanoparticles for 4 hours at 37°C without affecting their viability and migration potential. Anti-cancer efficacy of nano-engineered MSCs was evaluated in the A549 lung tumor model. Bioluminescence imaging was used to monitor tumor growth. Animals that developed tumors (lung bioluminescence between 0.5 x 106 – 1 x 106 photons/sec) were randomly divided into different treatment groups. Animals received 1 million nano-engineered MSCs (equivalent to 5 mg/kg of paclitaxel) or 106 MSCs that were either unmodified or loaded with equivalent concentration of blank nanoparticles. The animals were then re-dosed with half the initial dose of MSCs every two weeks. Additional groups of animals received three doses of 40 mg/kg of nanoparticle-encapsulated or free paclitaxel once every week. Treatment with nano-engineered MSCs resulted in a significant inhibition of the lung tumor growth (p Citation Format: Swayam Prabha, Tanmoy Sadhukha, Buddhadev Layek. Nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells for targeted lung cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3103. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3103
A descriptive analysis of where and with whom lesbian versus bisexual women drink

ABSTRACTSexual minority women (SMW) are at increased risk for alcohol use disorders and related problems. Social context (e.g., where and with whom one drinks) has been identified as an important factor associated with drinking behavior, but little is known about social context among SMW. An improved understanding of social context among SMW has the potential to inform efforts to reduce problematic drinking and its consequences in this high-risk population. We examined where and with whom SMW drink in a national sample recruited via social media (N = 1,057). SMW reported more frequent drinking in private locations (compared to public locations), with friends and romantic partners (compared to family members and strangers), and in locations with both heterosexual and sexual minority individuals (compared to mostly or exclusively sexual minority individuals). Additionally, lesbians reported more frequent drinking in bars and in locations with more sexual minorities compared to bisexual women. We conclude th...
Functions at the junction – membrane proteins and myoblast fusion

The fusion of myoblasts is an essential step in the formation of multinucleated muscle fibres and the molecular underpinnings of this process are being actively investigated. In this issue, Kim et al. report that the membrane protein Xkr8 plays a role in myotube fusion, adding another class of membrane proteins to the list of potential contributors to myoblast differentiation and fusion.
Least Squares Estimation for the Inverse Power Law for Accelerated Life Tests

Procedures are given for obtaining orthogonal least squares estimators for the parameters of the inverse power law with an exponential failure distribution when the data are obtained from censored sample accelerated life tests. Prediction at use stress is also considered. Properties of the estimators are examined and the exact cumulants of the estimators are used in the Edgeworth series to obtain approximate confidence levels. These procedures yield results that are in good agreement with those based on exact and asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimates.
Neurobehavioral evaluation of neonates with congenital heart disease: a cohort study

AIM To describe neurobehavioral patterns in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD). METHOD A cohort study describing neurobehavioral performance of neonates with CHD requiring cardiac surgery. The neonates were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) and scores were compared with published normative values. Clinical factors were obtained by chart review to assess their association with behavior. The CHD NNNS score pattern was compared with previously reported profiles in other high-risk populations. RESULTS NNNS evaluations were completed on 67 neonates with CHD, resulting in 97 evaluations (50 preoperative, 47 postoperative). Compared with normative values, the cohort with CHD demonstrated decreased attention, regulation, asymmetry, stress, arousal, and excitability, along with increased non-optimal reflexes, lethargy, and need for handling (p<0.05 for all). Additional clinical factors had a minimal effect on the neurobehavioral pattern. Compared with previously published patterns in high-risk neonates without CHD, the cohort with CHD demonstrated a unique pattern of behavior. INTERPRETATION Neonates with CHD demonstrate different neurobehavioral performance compared with typically developing neonates born at term as well as other high-risk neonates. Our experience suggests there is a unique neonatal neurobehavioral pattern in the hospitalized population with CHD. Targeted neonatal neurobehavioral evaluations may be useful in developing specific therapies to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with CHD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Neonates with congenital heart disease demonstrate different neurobehavioral performance than typically developing neonates. Evaluation of neonatal neurobehavioral performance provides an opportunity to identify neurodevelopmental variability early. Identification of neurobehavioral performance variability allows targeted interactions and therapy.
The Assessment of Executive Functioning Using the Delis Rating of Executive Functions (D-REF)

Delis Rating of Executive Functions (D-REF) is a set of rating forms that measures the executive functioning (EXF) in individuals from ages 5 to 18. The D-REF contains three forms: Parent, Teacher, and Self. Each form consists of 36 items. The D-REF forms can be administered digitally using a computer or tablet or paper pencil format.
Five Degrees of Separation between Art and New Media: Art and Technology Projects under the Critical Lens

Ates l'increment de les teories participatives, sorpren que els projectes pioners d'art i tecnologia i de nous mitjans s'hagin exclos generalment de les principals trajectories de la historia de l'art que han descrit l'emergencia de les formes d'art compromeses socialment amb l'espectador. Aquests projectes han tendit a associar-se mes amb teories d'interaccio que no pas amb la influent teoria de l'estetica relacional de Nicolas Bourriaud. Aquesta separacio es indicadora d'una divisoria historica molt mes profunda entre els nous mitjans i l'art contemporani. Analitzant les respostes critiques a exposicions del final de la decada del 1960 i el comencament de la del 1970, el meu objectiu es identificar els principals criteris utilitzats per a avaluar les col·laboracions entre artistes, enginyers i institucions artistiques. Alguns d'aquests criteris van subratllar la separacio continua entre humanitat i tecnologia, entre contemplacio i participacio, entre percepcio i pensament. Argumento que els intensos desacords respecte al valor dels primers projectes d'art i tecnologia van prefigurar els debats actuals respecte a les implicacions socials dels nous mitjans.
Thermodynamic development and design of a concentrating solar thermochemical water-splitting process for co-production of hydrogen and electricity

Abstract A concentrating solar plant is proposed for a thermochemical water-splitting process with excess heat used for electricity generation in an organic Rankine cycle. The quasi-steady state thermodynamic model consisting of 23 components and 45 states uses adjustable design parameters to optimize hydrogen production and system efficiency. The plant design and associated thermodynamic model demonstrate that cerium oxide is suitable for thermochemical water-splitting cycles involving the co-production of hydrogen and electricity. Design point analyses at 900 W/m2 DNI indicate that a single tower with solar radiation input of 27.74 MW and an aperture area of 9.424 m2 yields 10.96 MW total output comprised of 5.55 MW hydrogen (Gibbs free energy) and 5.41 MW net electricity after subtracting off 22.0% of total power generation for auxiliary loads. Pure hydrogen output amounts to 522 tonne/year at 20.73 GWh/year (HHV) or 17.20 GWh/year (Gibbs free energy) with net electricity generation at 14.52 GWh/year using TMY3 data from Daggett, California, USA. Annual average system efficiency is 38.2% with the constituent hydrogen fraction and electrical fraction being 54.2% and 45.8%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses illustrate that increases in particle loop recuperator effectiveness create an increase in hydrogen production and a decrease in electricity generation. Further, recuperator effectiveness has a measurable effect on hydrogen production, but has limited impact on total system efficiency given that 81.1% of excess heat is recuperated within the system for electricity generation.
Patent Eligibility and Investment

Have the Supreme Court’s recent patent eligibility cases changed the behavior of venture capital and private equity investment firms, and if so how? This Article provides empirical data about investors’ answers to those important questions. Analyzing responses to a survey of 475 investors at firms investing in various industries and at various stages of funding, this Article explores how the Court’s recent cases have influenced these firms’ decisions to invest in companies developing technology. The survey results reveal investors’ overwhelming belief that patent eligibility is an important consideration in investment decisionmaking, and that reduced patent eligibility makes it less likely their firms will invest in companies developing technology. According to investors, however, the impact differs between industries. For example, investors predominantly indicated no impact or only slightly decreased investments in the software and Internet industry, but somewhat or strongly decreased investments in the biotechnology, medical device, and pharmaceutical industries. The data and these findings (as well as others described in the Article) provide critical insight, enabling evidence-based evaluation of competing arguments in the ongoing debate about the need for congressional intervention in the law of patent eligibility. And, in particular, they indicate reform is most crucial to ensure continued robust investment in the development of life science technologies.
The effect of delivery structure on costs, screening and health promotional services in state level National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Programs.

We estimated the costs and effectiveness of state programs in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) based on the type of delivery structure. Programs were classified into three delivery structures: (1) centralized, (2) decentralized, and (3) mixed. Centralized programs offer clinical services in satellite offices, but all other program activities are performed centrally. Decentralized programs contract with other entities to fully manage and provide screening and diagnostic services and other program activities. Programs with mixed service delivery structures have both centralized and decentralized features. Programmatic costs were averaged over a 3 year period (2006–2007, 2008–2009, and 2009–2010). Effectiveness was defined in terms of the average number of women served over the 3 years. We report costs per woman served by program activity and delivery structure and incremental cost effectiveness by program structure and by breast/cervical services. Average costs per woman served were lowest for mixed program structures (breast = $225, cervical = $216) compared to decentralized (breast = cervical = $276) and centralized program structures (breast = $259, cervical = $251). Compared with decentralized programs, for each additional woman served, centralized programs saved costs of $281 (breast) and $284 (cervical). Compared with decentralized programs, for each additional woman served, mixed programs added an additional $109 cost for breast but saved $1,777 for cervical cancer. Mixed program structures were associated with the lowest screening and diagnostic costs per woman served and had generally favorable incremental costs relative to the other program structures.
Vision-based Pedestrian Alert Safety System (PASS) for Signalized Intersections

Although Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication can significantly improve pedestrian safety at a signalized intersection, this safety is hindered as pedestrians often do not carry hand-held devices (e.g., Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and 5G enabled cell phone) to communicate with connected vehicles nearby. To overcome this limitation, in this study, traffic cameras at a signalized intersection were used to accurately detect and locate pedestrians via a vision-based deep learning technique to generate safety alerts in real-time about possible conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians. The contribution of this paper lies in the development of a system using a vision-based deep learning model that is able to generate personal safety messages (PSMs) in real-time (every 100 milliseconds). We develop a pedestrian alert safety system (PASS) to generate a safety alert of an imminent pedestrian-vehicle crash using generated PSMs to improve pedestrian safety at a signalized intersection. Our approach estimates the location and velocity of a pedestrian more accurately than existing DSRC-enabled pedestrian hand-held devices. A connected vehicle application, the Pedestrian in Signalized Crosswalk Warning (PSCW), was developed to evaluate the vision-based PASS. Numerical analyses show that our vision-based PASS is able to satisfy the accuracy and latency requirements of pedestrian safety applications in a connected vehicle environment.
Response to Pulmonary Vasodilators in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Purpose: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with lung hypoplasia, cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Despite lack of evidence, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is commonly used in the management of PH in CDH. Milrinone induces pulmonary vasodilation and improves cardiac function in CDH. We studied the effects of iNO and/or milrinone on oxygenation index (OI) and echocardiography in infants with CDH. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all infants born from 1/1/2005 to 12/31/2016 & admitted to Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY or Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY with a diagnosis …
Prevalence and Clinical Implication of Wellens' Sign in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Symmetrically inverted or biphasic T waves in anterior precordial leads, Wellens' sign, have been shown to represent impending infarction of left anterior descending (LAD) territory among unstable angina patients in the studies published more than 3 decades ago, when non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was not a recognized entity. The clinical implication of Wellens' sign in the contemporary NSTEMI cohort has not been clarified. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all NSTEMI patients who underwent coronary angiography between January 2013 and June 2014. Wellens' sign was defined as either symmetrically inverted T waves (>= 0.10 mV) or biphasic T waves in both leads V2 and V3. Coronary angiograms were reviewed and culprit lesions were determined for each patient. Results: A total of 274 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 24 (8.8%) had Wellens' sign. Among these 24 patients, 16 had a LAD culprit (eight proximal), two had a non-LAD culprit, and six had non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Patients with Wellens' sign were more likely to have LAD culprit (66.7% vs. 19.6%, P < 0.001) and proximal LAD culprit (33.3% vs. 14.4%, P = 0.035) than those without it. Wellens' sign had a sensitivity of 24.6% and a specificity of 96.2% to predict LAD culprit. Conclusions: Our study revealed that: 1) Wellens' sign was seen in 8.8% of the patients with NSTEMI; 2) Two-thirds of patients with Wellens' sign had LAD culprit and one-third had proximal LAD culprit; and 3) Sensitivity and specificity of Wellens' sign to predict LAD culprit were 24.6% and 96.2%, respectively. Cardiol Res. 2019;10(3):135-141 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cr856
Investigations into ventral prefrontal cortex using mediation models.

The ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) is a major focus of investigation in neuroscience, particularly in the studies of emotion and emotion-cognition integration. A crucial question concerning the regulatory function of vPFC is how it is recruited, especially how the function maps onto the structure and determines appropriate behavior. In social exclusion studies, mediation model analyses suggest that vPFC regulates distress by disrupting anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activities, whereas I recently report (Hu, 2018; Neuropsychologia) that ventral medial prefrontal cortex appears to defend the organism from acute stress by activating ACC. In this review, I synthesize and highlight functional imaging research with mediation analysis that over the past decades has begun to offer new insights into the brain mechanisms underlying vPFC. Toward this end, the first section of the paper outlines a model of the processes and neural systems involved in the interaction of emotion and cognition. The second and third sections survey recent research on emotional regulation with negative and positive pathways, respectively, emanating from vPFC. The fourth section summarizes the current dynamic network findings. Functional mediation analysis helps to identify signals within vPFC and others that are common and/or specific to particular information processing. Finally, I provide a personal perspective of the adoption of mediation model analysis in the investigations into vPFC.
Repositionable Compounds with Antifungal Activity against Multidrug Resistant Candida auris Identified in the Medicines for Malaria Venture's Pathogen Box.

Background. Candida auris has spread rapidly around the world as a causative agent of invasive candidiasis in health care facilities and there is an urgent need to find new options for treating this emerging, often multidrug-resistant pathogen. Methods. We screened the Pathogen Box® chemical library for inhibitors of C. auris strain 0390, both under planktonic and biofilm growing conditions. Results. The primary screen identified 12 compounds that inhibited at least 60% of biofilm formation or planktonic growth. After confirmatory dose-response assays, iodoquinol and miltefosine were selected as the two main leading repositionable compounds. Iodoquinol displayed potent in vitro inhibitory activity against planktonic C. auris but showed negligible inhibitory activity against biofilms; whereas miltefosine was able to inhibit the growth of C. auris under both planktonic and biofilm-growing conditions. Subsequent experiments confirmed their activity against nine other strains C. auris clinical isolates, irrespective of their susceptibility profiles against conventional antifungals. We extended our studies further to seven different species of Candida, also with similar findings. Conclusion. Both drugs possess broad spectrum of activity against Candida spp., including multiple strains of the emergent C. auris, and may constitute promising repositionable options for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of candidiasis.
Prescribing Patterns and Use of Risk-Reduction Tools After Implementing an Opioid-Prescribing Protocol.

Background: The literature on results from primary care–based opioid-prescribing protocols is small and results have been mixed. To advance this field, we evaluated whether opioid prescribing changed after a comprehensive protocol was implemented and whether change was associated with the number and type of risk reduction tools adopted. Methods: Electronic medical record data were obtained for 2607 patients. Demographics, Patient Health Questionnaire–9 scores, body mass index, and utilization levels of protocol elements were measured for 24 months prior and 18 months post implementation of an opioid-prescribing protocol within a federally qualified health center. χ2 and t-tests were computed to estimate change in opioid prescribing, morphine-equivalent dose, comedication prescribing, and number and type of protocol elements utilized. Results: The opioid protocol was associated with an increase in urine drug screens from 18.3% to 26.8% from pre to postimplementation (P Conclusions: Implementing a multi-faceted opioid-prescribing protocol was not associated with change in number or dose of opioid prescriptions but was associated with greater use of urine drug screens, and risk reduction tools were used more often in high-risk patients. Implementation research is needed to identify barriers to maximizing adherence to opioid protocols.