cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural studies on chick embryonic hemoglobins.

Abstract Erythropoiesis in the chick involves the synthesis of multiple hemoglobins. The hemoglobins found in the late embryo and in the adult chicken are called hemoglobins A and D, and the hemoglobins found in the early chick embryo are called hemoglobins E, P, and M. We have determined the peptide chain composition of the embryonic hemoglobins E and P. During the chromatographic separation of hemoglobins E and P from the red cell lysate of a 5-day embryo, a previously unsuspected hemoglobin (M) was discovered which appears to be present also in 7-day embryos. Using rabbit antisera against hemoglobins A and D, it was found that hemoglobin E was very similar antigenically to A and that hemoglobins M and D were also related, although not as closely as hemoglobins E and A. Comparison of peptide maps of the S-aminoethylated globins of A, D, E, P, and M confirmed these relationships. Hemoglobin E appears to contain the αa chain of hemoglobin A, while the peptide map of the other (e) chain bears some resemblance to that of the β chain of adult hemoglobin A. An amino acid analysis of A globin and its individual chains and of E globin and its individual chains confirmed that the α chains of hemoglobins A and E are very similar, if not identical, while the e and β chains of these two hemoglobins differ. Hemoglobin P is composed of two closely related α-like chains, π and π', and a β-like chain, ρ. The ρ and the e chain share many common peptides on their peptide maps. Hemoglobin M contains the αd chain found in hemoglobin D, while the β-like chain of hemoglobin M resembles the e chain of hemoglobin E.
Clinical Features and Prognostic Variables in 109 Horses with Esophageal Obstruction (1992–2009)

Background: Esophageal obstruction is common in horses and can result in life-threatening complications. Previous studies have described clinical findings in horses with esophageal obstruction, but there are no reports that attempt to make correlations of clinical findings with outcome. Hypothesis: Specific clinical features of horses with esophageal obstruction are associated with increased likelihood of complications. Animals: One hundred and nine horses with esophageal obstruction. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. All clinical records of horses admitted between April 1992 and February 2009 for esophageal obstruction were reviewed. The association among 24 clinical, hematological, biochemical, therapeutic variables and the likelihood of complications was investigated by a univariable logistic regression model, followed by multivariable analysis. Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that intact males (P= .02), age >15 years (P 22 breaths/min) and moderate or severe tracheal contamination, although not associated with complications as a whole, significantly increased the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia (P≤ .01). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Signalment, clinical variables, and endoscopic findings were confirmed as important tools in assessing the severity of the esophageal lesion and pulmonary involvement. Knowledge of risk factors for the development of complications will aid in making informed decisions to optimize treatment and assist in the assessment of prognosis.
IUE and Optical Spectra of RZ LMI and ER UMa Throughout their 19 and 43 Day Cycles

IUE and optical data were obtained throughout the supercycles of RZ LMi and ER UMa during 1993/94. While most of the spectral and photometric characteristics are consistent with disk changes in systems with a relatively high accretion rate and low inclination, the cause of the high accretion rate in this subset of SU UMa stars is not known.
One GABA and two acetylcholine receptors function at the C. elegans neuromuscular junction.

We describe an electrophysiological preparation of the neuromuscular junction of the nematode C. elegans, which adds to its considerable genetic and genomic resources. Mutant analysis, pharmacology and patch-clamp recording showed that the body wall muscles of wild-type animals expressed a GABA receptor and two acetylcholine receptors. The muscle GABA response was abolished in animals lacking the GABA receptor gene unc-49. One acetylcholine receptor was activated by the nematocide levamisole. This response was eliminated in mutants lacking either the unc-38 or unc-29 genes, which encode alpha and non-alpha acetylcholine receptor subunits, respectively. The second, previously undescribed, acetylcholine receptor was activated by nicotine, desensitized rapidly and was selectively blocked by dihydro-β-erythroidine, thus explaining the residual motility of unc-38 and unc-29 mutants. By recording spontaneous endogenous currents and selectively eliminating each of these receptors, we demonstrated that all three receptor types function at neuromuscular synapses.
Charmed Particle Spectroscopy

These lectures1 will attempt to review what we have learned about charmed particles in the little over a year since they were definitively identified.2,3 The recent discovery of the Ψ(3772)4,5 has given us a powerful tool for the detailed study of D mesons. By studying its decays we have been able to measure D meson masses and absolute branching ratios with an accuracy that only a few months earlier had been thought to be beyond our reach. Accordingly, the emphasis of these talks will be on this recent work.
Classical solutions of the periodic Camassa—Holm equation

We study the periodic Cauchy problem for the Camassa—Holm equation and prove that it is locally well-posed in the space of continuously differentiable functions on the circle. The approach we use consists in rewriting the equation and deriving suitable estimates which permit application of o.d.e. techniques in Banach spaces. We also describe results in fractional Sobolev H s spaces and in Appendices provide a direct well-posedness proof for arbitrary real s > 3/2 based on commutator estimates of Kato and Ponce as well as include a derivation of the equation on the diffeomorphism group of the circle together with related curvature computations.
Intra- and extracytoplasmic microtubules in coleoptiles of Avena

A study is made of microtubules in normal young elongating cells of coleoptiles of Avena . In the cytoplasm are found large masses consisting entirely of microtubules. There are many strong indications that the microtubules can pass directly through the cell membranes. Extracytoplasmic microtubules are universally present in the outer, hyaline layer of the young cell wall. They show some degree of preferred orientation perpendicular to the surface of the wall, and in other cases in transverse and longitudinal direction parallel to the wall surface. Extracytoplasmic microtubules are also found sometimes in the vacuole, where they rapidly disintegrate. The implications of these findings with regard to problems of cell wall growth and cell elongation are discussed.
PIN diodes as detectors in the energy region 500 eV–10 keV

Abstract PIN diodes offer several advantages over ion chambers in signal-to-noise ratio, size, and ultra-high vacuum compatibility. We have evaluated several commercially available PIN diodes, suitable for use in the X-ray region 500 eV ⩽ E ⩽ 10 keV, using both brehmsstrahlung and characteristic lines from X-ray tubes between 1.29 and 8.9 keV. We present data on response functions, noise levels, and linearity of response.
Current research in moral development as a decision support system

This paper argues that human beings possess the rational capabilities necessary to achieve the goal of more just and peaceable social orders, but that our educational institutions are failing in their responsibility to do what in fact can be done to produce graduates who make decisions in ways most likely to achieve this goal. Data compiled by us, consistent with other research, indicates that only a small percentage of the individuals graduating from universities and professional schools have developed the capacity for post-conventional moral reasoning.
Genome analysis of intergeneric hybrids of apomictic and sexual Australian Elymus species with wheat, barley and rye: implication for the transfer of apomixis to cereals.

Four hybrids were obtained between three Australian Elymus taxa and three cereal grains: wheat, rye, and barley. Mean meiotic metaphase-I configurations were 41.14 I, 0.42 rod II, 0.003 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Triticum aestivum (1 hybrid plant), 22.27 I, 2.63 rod II, 0.06 ring II, and 0.12 III for E. scabrus var ‘scabrus’ x Secale cereale (4 hybrid plants), and 26.65 I, 0.66 rod II, 0.00 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Hordeum vulgare (13 hybrid plants). The I genome of barley also paired very little in a BIII hybrid of apomictic E. rectisetus x H. vulgare (2 hybrid plants). Megasporogenesis in this BIII hybrid was at least facultatively apomeiotic, with the same sort of nuclear elongation, apomeiotic division, and dyad formation seen previously in E. rectisetus itself. All four hybrid combinations were sterile. While spike morphology in the E. scabrus x T. aestivum and E. scabrus x H. vulgare hybrids were intermediate to their parents, E. scabrus x S. cereale and E. rectisetus x H. vulgare looked like their maternal parents.
Dietary Restriction Selectively Decreases Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression in the Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex of Rats

Dietary restriction (DR) can extend life span and reduce the incidence of age-related disease in rodents and primates. DR can be considered as a metabolic stress and might therefore be expected to modify neuroendocrine systems that regulate stress responses. We now report that maintenance of adult rats on a DR regimen results in a significant decrease in the levels of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, without a change in levels of mineralocorticoid receptors. These findings suggest that DR can alter the responsiveness of brain cells to glucocorticoids, an adaptation that may contribute to beneficial effects of DR on neuronal plasticity and survival demonstrated in recent studies.
Molecular Orientation, Pair Correlations and Cascading in Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilties

Abstract Different susceptibility expansions for the polarization density P are compared to identify cascading contributions to the nonlinear response of a medium. In certain liquids pair-correlation dependence of the nonlinear optical susceptibilities has been observed. To isolate the cascading effects that depend most sensitively on pair correlation and near-field effects, a simple statistical model for P is applied to the case of a liquid whose oriented molecules have only first hyperpolarizabilities; then all third-order effects in P are a consequence of cascading.
NUCLEAR PARITY-VIOLATION PARAMETER H-RHO(1)'

Previous theoretical work has been unable to predict a reliable value for the nuclear parity-violation parameter h/sup() 1prime//sub rho/. Using a 1/2/sup -/ pole model we estimate the size of this term and demonstrate that it is very unlikely to have a significant effect on theoretical calculations.
The role of free energy change in coupled electron-proton transfer.

The kinetics of oxidation of tyrosine by the series of metal complex oxidants, M(bpy)33+ (M = Os, Fe, Ru), in the presence of added bases (acetate, succinate monoanion, histidine, phosphate, and tris), were investigated in 0.5 M buffer with 0.8 M NaCl at 25 °C by utilizing a catalytic cyclic voltammetry technique. As reported in an earlier study, oxidation occurs by a series of pathwayselectron transfer followed by proton transfer (ET−PT), proton transfer followed by electron transfer (PT−ET), and concerted electron−proton transfer (EPT). The latter two occur within H-bonded association complex between tyrosine and the added base. Kinetic isolation was used to focus on the EPT pathway, in which multiple site-electron proton transfer (MS-EPT) occurs with electron transfer to the oxidant and proton transfer to the base. Measured rate constants varied from kEPT = 5.0 × 103 to 9.8 × 107 M-1 s-1. Systematic variations in RT ln kEPT with ΔG°‘ were observed with RT lnkEPT increasing with −ΔG°‘ with a slope of ∼0...
Lattice dynamics of metal-organic frameworks: Neutron inelastic scattering and first-principles calculations

By combining neutron inelastic scattering (NIS) and first-principles calculations, we have investigated the lattice dynamics of metal-organic framework-5 (MOF5). The structural stability of MOF5 was evaluated by calculating the three cubic elastic constants. We find that the shear modulus, ${c}_{44}=1.16\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPA}$, is unusually small, while two other moduli are relatively large (i.e., ${c}_{11}=29.42\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ and ${c}_{12}=12.56\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$). We predict that MOF5 is very close to structural instability and may yield interesting phases under high pressure and strain. The phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states were directly calculated and our simulated NIS spectrum agrees very well with our experimental data. Several interesting phonon modes are discussed, including the softest twisting modes of the organic linker.
Atherosclerotic plaque burden and CK-MB enzyme elevation after coronary interventions : intravascular ultrasound study of 2256 patients.

Background—Elevation of serum creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB) after percutaneous coronary interventions has been associated with early and late mortality; however, the pathogenesis of CK-MB elevation is still unknown. We hypothesized that CK-MB elevation was related to atherosclerotic plaque burden as assessed by preintervention intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods and Results—We studied 2256 consecutive patients who underwent intervention of 2780 native coronary lesions and had complete high-quality preintervention IVUS imaging in the era before routine use of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Patients were divided into 3 groups: CK-MB within normal range (1675 patients; 2061 lesions); CK-MB elevation 1 to 5 times upper limit of normal (292 patients; 355 lesions); and CK-MB elevation ≥5 times upper limit of normal (289 patients; 364 lesions). Qualitative angiographic lesion morphology and quantitative analysis were similar among the 3 groups. On preintervention IVUS, progressively more r...
Part feeding: in search of the universal “turning” machine

Examines the available sources for current research into improving the performance of mechanical part feeders.
Acid saline lake systems give clues about past environments and the search for life on Mars

Acid saline lake systems in Western Australia may be the best known modern terrestrial analog for the Burns formation on Mars and, thus, provide information about past environments and life on Mars.
Steam- or carbon dioxide-activated carbons from almond shells: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production

A series of steam- or carbon dioxide (CO2)-activated, granular activated carbons (GACs) were made from almond shells using six different activation or activation/oxidation conditions for each series. Unoxidized/oxidized pairs of GACs were compared among treatments and to two commercial GACs in order to determine the relative value of the carbons. Comparative terms included yield, surface area, attrition, surface charge, copper ion (Cu2+) uptake, adsorption of a mixture of six polar and non-polar organic compounds and an estimated cost of carbon production. Of the six conditions investigated for steam activation, two treatments consisting of a 1 h pyrolysis at either 700°C or 800°C, followed by a 2 h activation at 800°C with the introduction of water at a rate of 7.0 ml/min were the best overall performing unoxidized/oxidized pairs in terms of copper ion or organics adsorption, respectively. Of the six conditions investigated for carbon dioxide activation, a treatment consisting of a 1 h pyrolysis at 700°C, followed by a 2 h activation at 800°C using a 75% CO2/25% N2 gas mixture was the best overall performing unoxidized/oxidized pair. Our estimated costs of production indicate that steam-activated, unoxidized and oxidized carbons appear to be the most economical GACs to manufacture and also the most economical for removal of copper ions and organic compounds.
Helical C(2) structure of perfluoropentane and the C(2v) structure of perfluoropropane.

Saturated hydrocarbons have structures with completely staggered bonds and dihedral angles of 180°. Substituting hydrogen by fluorine results in a slight shift from 180°, giving rise to a helical structure. X-ray diffraction studies on fibers and computational studies on perfluoroalkanes estimate a dihedral angle of about 17° from the trans position. The rotational spectra of perfluoropentane and its three 13C isotopomers have been observed and assigned using a pulsed-jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The rotational constants for the parent species are A 990.6394(3) MHz, B 314.0002(1) MHz, and C 304.3703(1) MHz, respectively. The determination of an exact dihedral angle has been challenging, as the helical twist has proven to be quite sensitive to the structural inputs and constraints. A series of r0 structures incorporating various model constraints and a Kraitchman analysis gives a range of 13−19° for the torsional angle. An objective approach, which only assumes overall C2 symmetry, is to s...
Adhesional Small Bowel Obstruction in the Absence of Previous Operations: Management and Outcomes

The majority of small bowel obstructions (SBO) are the result of adhesions caused by a previous abdominal operation. On rare occasions, adhesional SBO occurs in the absence of such an operation. Our objective was to describe the management, findings, and outcomes of unexplained adhesional SBO (UA-SBO) and examine whether preoperative diagnostic uncertainty leads to delays in therapy and complications. The medical records of all adhesional SBO patients admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2007 were screened. UA-SBO records were reviewed in detail. Each UA-SBO patient was matched with an adhesional SBO patient with abdominal surgical history (SH-SBO) according to gender, age (±7 years), white blood cell count (±3000/mm3), time interval from the onset of symptoms to the time of admission (±24 h), and year of admission (±4 years). Outcomes included time from admission to operation, morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. Of 1,036 patients with adhesional SBO, 34 (3.3%) had UA-SBO. Adhesiolysis was sufficient in 31 patients, whereas 3 required an enterectomy. UA-SBO patients were similar in terms of demographics, clinical presentation, and initial laboratory tests with SH-SBO patients. There was no difference in any of the outcomes between the two groups. In this study of UA-SBO, diagnostic delays were not found and patient outcomes were similar to those of patients with SH-SBO.
High-Fidelity Thermal Protection System Sizing of Reusable Launch Vehicle

A coupled computational  uid dynamics/in-depth conduction analysis procedure to perform high- delity thermal protection system sizing is presented. The thermal environment on the vehicle surface, including radiative equilibrium wall temperature and surface catalycity, is computed using a real-gas, Navier–Stokes  ow solver. Based on the computed surface temperatures, a thermal protection system material mapping is performed. Material thickness and overall thermal protection system mass are obtained using an in-depth conduction code. This procedure is used to size the thermal protection system on a lifting-body, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle.
One-trial in vitro conditioning of hermissenda regulates phosphorylation of ser-122 of csp24.

The regulation of the intrinsic excitability of a neuron is an important aspect of cellular and synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. Various voltage-dependent K + channels have been shown to be critical for the modification of membrane excitability. Components of the cytoskeleton have been proposed to contribute to the location, distribution, and function of diverse K + channels. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the cytoskeleton by signaling pathways and the role of the cytoskeleton in the induction of intrinsic excitability is not understood. Hermissenda Csp24 is a beta-thymosin-like protein containing multiple actin-binding domains that contributes to intrinsic enhanced excitability produced by Pavlovian conditioning. One-trial in vitro conditioning produces a significant reduction in the A-type transient K + current (1 A ) and a depolarized shift in the steady-state activation curve of 1 A . Intermediate and long-term enhanced excitability produced by one-trial conditioning is also dependent on the expression and phosphorylation of Csp24. Blocking the expression of Csp24 with an antisense oligonucleotide inhibits the development of intermediate-term enhanced excitability and the concomitant reduction in 1 A normally produced by one-trial in vitro conditioning. In this report using two-dimensional gel PAGE and electrospray mass spectrometry, we have identified two phosphorylation sites on Csp24. Using phospho-specific antibodies with Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation procedures we show that one-trial in vitro conditioning results in an increase in the phosphorylation of Ser-122, but not Ser-49 of Csp24.
EUV Resist Testing Status and Post Lithography LWR Reduction

Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a leading technology option for manufacturing at the 22nm half pitch node and beyond. Implementation of the technology will require continued progress on several key supporting infrastructure challenges, including EUV photoresist materials. The main development issue regarding EUV photoresists is simultaneously achieving the high resolution, high sensitivity, and low line width roughness (LWR) required. This paper describes our strategy, the current status of EUV materials, and some integrated post-development LWR reduction efforts. Data collected utilizing Intel′s Micro-Exposure Tool (MET) is presented in order to examine the feasibility of establishing a resist process that simultaneously exhibits ≤22nm half-pitch (HP) L/S resolution at ≤11.3mJ/cm2 with ≤3nm LWR
Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Severe Hyponatremia After Prostatic Surgery

Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) has long been associated with disturbances of plasma sodium concentration. Relatively recent substitution of isotonic irrigation solutions has transformed the predominant laboratory abnormality reported from one of hypotonic hyponatremia to one of nearly isotonic hyponatremia with infrequent clinically significant manifestations. We report the unique association of acute and very severe isotonic hyponatremia with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in the post-TURP setting. The mechanism for rhabdomyolysis is postulated to be an impairment of normal maintenance of cellular integrity by virtue of the acuteness and severity of hyponatremia, in the absence of a disturbance of tonicity. Survival after hyponatremia of this severity has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported.
Querying through a user interface

In contrast to a traditional setting where users express queries against the database schema, we assert that the semantics of data can often be understood by viewing the data in the context of the user interface (UI) of the software tool used to enter the data. That is, we believe that users will understand the data in a database by seeing the labels, drop-down menus, tool tips, or other help text that are built into the user interface. Our goal is to allow domain experts with little technical skill to understand and query data. In this paper, we present our GUi As View (Guava) framework and describe how we use forms-based UIs to generate a conceptual model that represents the information in the user interface. We then describe how we generate a query interface from the conceptual model. We characterize the resulting query language using a subset of the relational algebra. Since most application developers want to craft a physical database to meet desired performance needs, we present here a transformation channel that can be configured by instantiating one or more of our transformation operators. The channel, once configured, automatically transforms queries from our query interface into queries that address the underlying physical database and delivers query results that conform to our query interface. In this paper, we define and formalize our database transformation operators. The contributions of this paper are that first, we demonstrate the feasibility of creating a query interface based directly on the user interface and second, we introduce a general purpose database transformation channel that will likely shorten the application development process and increase the quality of the software by automatically generating software artifacts that are often made manually and are prone to errors.
All-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation in 10Gbit/s×2 Pol-Mux system via hyperfine resolution optical pulse shaper

Employing an optical pulse shaper with 1.6 GHz/pixel resolution, we experimentally demonstrate optical compensation of all-order polarization mode dispersion with >40 ps mean differential group delay in a 10 Gbit/s×2 Pol-Mux system.
Reference priors for constrained rate models of count data

Abstract We derive reference priors for constrained rate models of count data using the sequential algorithm of Berger and Bernardo (1992b) . The event counts for various groups of subjects are modeled as discrete random variables (Poisson, binomial, or negative binomial) with group specific rates. We consider situations in which the groups can be completely ordered according to one covariate. The priors enforce monotonicity (or monotonicity and convexity) of the rates with respect to the ordering. We use the priors to model a data set on mortality rates for men in different age groups assuming that the mortality rates increase with respect to age. We also consider the situation in which the parameter space is augmented to include rates corresponding to unobserved age groups, and the case of a random upper bound on the mortality rates. In addition, we provide an evaluation of the out-of-sample predictive performance of the proposed methods.
Calorimetric investigations of a gold-nickel alloy. I. Low temperature heat capacity of gold-nickel alloy

Abstract The heat capacity of gold-nickel alloy containing 52 atomic per cent gold has been measured in the temperature region 13° to 300°K. The lack of conformity of the data to the Kopp-Neumann rule has been shown. The excess entropy, arising mostly from the change in the vibrational spectrum upon alloy formation, is 0.62±0.09 cal/g-atom/deg at 300°K. The data have been analyzed in terms of the simple Debye continuum model. The values of the thermodynamic functions, entropy, enthalpy and free energy have been evaluated and tabulated at regular intervals of temperature up to 300°K for the Au-Ni alloy. The entropy of this material at 298.16°K is 9.83±0.07 cal/g-atom/deg, of which 0.10 was obtained by extrapolating below 13°K.
Flow, Code and Stock: A Note on Deleuze's Political Philosophy

In Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari claim that a general theory of society must be a generalised theory of flows. This is hardly a straightforward claim, and this paper attempts to examine the grounds for it. Why should socio-political theory be based on a theory of flows rather than, say, a theory of the social contract, or a theory of the State, or the questions of legitimation or revolution, or numerous other possible candidates? The concept of flow (and the related notions of code and stock), I argue, is derived from contemporary economic theory, and most notably John Maynard Keynes. Deleuze and Guattari remained Marxists, not only because they held that contemporary political philosophy must inevitably be centred on the analysis of capitalism, but also because they held, following Marx himself, that the Marxist analysis of capital must constantly be transformed and adapted to new conditions. Thus, while certain aspects of Marx’s analysis disappear from Capitalism and Schizophrenia, they are supplemented by the addition of new concepts adequate to the contemporary state of capitalism. The paper concludes, then, with an analysis of the role played by the concepts of flow, code and stock in Deleuze and Guattari’s political philosophy.
Cellular behavior in the developing Drosophila pupal retina

Correct patterning of cells within an epithelium is key to establishing their normal function. However, the precise mechanisms by which individual cells arrive at their final developmental niche remains poorly understood. We developed an optimized system for imaging the developing Drosophila retina, an ideal tissue for the study of cell positioning. Using this technique, we characterized the cellular dynamics of developing wild-type pupal retinas. We also analyzed two mutants affecting eye patterning and demonstrate that cells mutant for Notch or Roughest signaling were aberrantly dynamic in their cell movements. Finally, we establish a role for the adherens junction regulator P120-Catenin in retinal patterning through its regulation of normal adherens junction integrity. Our results indicate a requirement for P120-Catenin in the developing retina, the first reported developmental function of this protein in the epithelia of lower metazoa. Based upon our live visualization of the P120-Catenin mutant as well as genetic data, we conclude that P120-Catenin is acting to stabilize E-cadherin and adherens junction integrity during eye development.
DDAVP-induced increases in coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in the plasma of conscious dogs

Infusion of the vasopressin analogue DDAVP into five normal dogs at doses of 0.1-2.0 micrograms DDAVP per kg body weight induced dose-dependent increases in the plasma content of coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. Plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor (determined antigenically as factor VIII-related antigen and functionally as coagglutinin cofactor activity) and coagulation factor VIII were measured immediately before and at 10, 30, and 120 min after 10-min intravenous infusions of DDAVP. The greatest increases in coagulation factor VIII were produced with the 2.0 micrograms/kg dose. Ten minutes after infusion the mean increase in coagulation factor VIII was 32 units/dl (concentrations of all indices were reported relative to concentrations in a standard canine plasma pool, arbitrarily assigned a concentration of 100 units/dl) and this increase did not change significantly throughout the duration of the experiment. At 10 min post-infusion, the mean factor VIII-related antigen concentration increased 81 units/dl (dose = 2.0 micrograms/kg) and did not change significantly for the duration of the experiment. The maximum mean increase in coagglutinin cofactor activity, 141 units/dl, occurred 10 min after infusion (dose = 1.0 microgram/kg). Coagglutinin cofactor activity decreased significantly from peak activity by 120 min post-infusion.
A physiological role for sporadic interruptions of the dopaminergic tone in the genesis of big mass prolactin pulses.

The present studies were designed to evaluate pulsatile PRL secretion after the establishment of either a continuous dopaminergic input or a complete blockade of the dopaminergic inhibitory tone. Adult female rats on estrus and male rats implanted with indwelling jugular cannulae were bled at 3-min intervals for a 3-h period. Bromocriptine (CB-154) and domperidone (DOM) were administered sc and iv, respectively. The administration protocol used for both treatments produced either a continuous dopaminergic input (CB-154 treatment) or a complete dopaminergic blockade (DOM treatment). Pulse analysis was performed on the data series using the algorithm Detect. In both estrous female and male rats, dopaminergic receptor activation by CB-154 reduced peak and trough values, pulse amplitude, area under the pulse, and mean PRL levels. In contrast, a complete dopamine (DA) receptor blockade by DOM increased these parameters. Domperidone treatment increased pulse frequency and reduced pulse interval and duration. Br...
Rasterization theory, architectures, and implementations for a class of two-dimensional problems

Abstract This paper first presents a theory for rasterizing the class of two-dimensional problems which include signal/image processing, computer vision, and linear algebra. The rasterization theory is steered by an isomorphism relationship between the two-dimensional shuffle exchange network (2DSE) and the two-dimensional butterfly network (2DBN). Since in real-time applications, data are often acquired in a raster scan format, it is important to develop architectures to support the raster data structure. Algorithms are developed first by using 2DSE network, then transformed into 2DBN format. Rasterization architectures can be derived for the algorithms described by 2DBN format. In the PEACE project, we have been able to show that a single, fixed communication topology, namely 2DSE, provides solution times on a 2DSE parallel computing system that for many problems approach known theoretical lower bounds. Secondly, this paper presents the generic architectures and VLSI implementation examples for the rasterization structures.
Coronary ostial dimple (in the posterior aortic sinus) in the absence of other coronary arterial abnormalities

Abstract Normally 2 coronary arteries arise from the aorta, 1 from the aortic wall enclosing the right aortic sinus and the other from the aortic wall enclosing the left aortic sinus; the wall enclosing the posterior, i.e., noncoronary sinus, is smooth and devoid of any “dimples” or “buds” or other suggestions of a residua of a potential coronary ostium. Recently, we examined a heart with 2 normally arising coronary ostia and a dimple of an undeveloped coronary ostium in the third aortic sinus. Such an occurrence has not been seen by us in approximately 10,000 other hearts examined in a similar manner. This report briefly describes the cardiac morphologic finding in this 1 patient.
A correlational study of children's temperament and parent behavior

Children's temperament is increasingly recognized as an influence upon the quality of the child's interactions with the environment. In this study 19 mothers’ and 19 fathers’ ratings of laboratory preschool children's activity level, mood quality, intensity, approach, adaptability, and persistence were correlated with self‐reported parent behavior factors, as measured on the Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory (IPBI). Among fathers, adaptability, approach, and persistence were positively associated with Parent Involvement, Reasoning Guidance, Limit Setting, Responsiveness, and Intimacy, as measured on the IPBI. Children's intensity and activity level were negatively associated with father behavior factors. Among mothers, few significant correlations were obtained. The variability of behavior style within this sample of “normally developing” children and apparent differences in mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of children's behavior in relation to their own behavior is worthy of further attention. The results ...
Experimental tests of FTE theories

A brief overview is presented of a number of qualitative geometrical models as well as simulation models of flux transfer events (FTEs) and an attempt is made to identify critical observational tests that would help discriminate between these models. These tests are concerned with flux tube orientation, speed and structure. Available single and multiple spacecraft observations are discussed in the context of these tests. Particular attention is given to the problem of determining flux-tube orientation and speed from a single spacecraft.
Impact of blood pressure cuff inflation rates on flow-mediated dilatation and contralateral arm response.

Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is widely used as an index of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator function, yet its methodology has not been well established. Previous research indicates that a rapid inflation of a blood pressure cuff evokes systemic vasoconstriction, as it was observed even on non-occluded contralateral arm. This would potentially contribute to the variability of FMD readings and complicate the emerging evidence that non-occluded contralateral arm fingertip temperature responses during the FMD procedure may be an indicator of the presence of coronary artery disease. To test the hypotheses that rapid inflation of a blood pressure cuff could reduce FMD values and influence contralateral vasodilatory states, 33 apparently healthy adults (18 males and 15 females, 29±6 years) were studied in two randomized FMD trials. The blood flow-occluding cuff was inflated rapidly (<1 s) in one trial or slowly over 10 s in the other trial. Arterial diameter, fingertip temperature and infrared thermography were obtained throughout each session. FMD values were not different between the rapid and slow cuff inflation trials (5.9±0.6 vs 5.9±0.4%). There were no differences in reactive hyperaemia (6.4±1.6 vs 6.2±1.7 AU), shear stress (80±20 vs 77±17 dyn cm−2) and fingertip temperature rebound (TR; 1.8±1.2 vs 1.9±1.0 °C) between the rapid and slow inflation. Changes in finger temperature on the contralateral (non-occluded) arm were positively associated with those on the occluded arm (r=0.26 to 0.61, P<0.05). We concluded that rates of inflating a blood pressure cuff do not affect FMD and TR response, and that neurovascular-induced vasodilatation of the contralateral arm was not observed regardless of cuff inflation rates.
Optimally Decomposing Coverings with Translates of a Convex Polygon

We show that any k-fold covering using translates of an arbitrary convex polygon can be decomposed into Ω(k) covers. Such a decomposition can be computed using an efficient (polynomial-time) algorithm.
Weakly Coordinating Amphiphilic Organoborate Block Copolymers

Selective functionalization of polystyrene with weakly coordinating organoborate functionalities BAr4− (Ar = Ph, C6F5) has been accomplished by a polymer modification strategy. The first examples of perfluoroarylborate block copolymers have been prepared; light scattering and TEM studies confirm the formation of reverse micelles, in which the weakly coordinating anion sites are covered by a shell of “inert” polystyrene. The core of the micelles was successfully loaded with a cationic rhodium complex.
A Distributed Method for Modeling Effective Cryogenic Flat Cable Heat Sinking

A common challenge in low temperature instrumentation is adequately heat sinking signal wires between room temperature and devices at base temperature. Using cryostat space for adequate heat sinking typically comes at the cost of complexity or experimental space. As such, it is useful to know how much heat sinking is adequate given the materials, heat sources and cooling capacities involved. We present a differential equation for modeling the heat flowing out of a flat cable along an interval over which it is adhered to an insulating interface which is bound to a metallic heat sinking surface and numerical results for realistic heat sinks in the Kelvin range. We also present a computational method for solving this differential equation.
Analysis of in vitro enzymatic and oxidative degradation of polyurethanes

In vitro biodegradation studies were performed to assess the long-term stability of poly(ether urethane) (PEU) implants. Three PEU's and one poly(ester urethane) were treated with enzymes characteristic of those released from inflammatory cells during the foreign body reaction. In addition, the effect of hydrogen peroxide was observed to examine oxidative degradation. Polymers were prepared as thin films on glass, gold, silver, and copper substrates to test the possibility of metal-catalyzed degradation. Molecular weights and polydispersities of the polymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) before and after treatment. Changes in peak shape and location were also monitored. The results demonstrate that varying degrees of both enzymatic and oxidative degradation occurred.
The associations between metabolic variables and NT-proBNP are blunted at pathological ranges: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Objective Under physiological conditions brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is inversely associated with metabolic risk factors, but under pathological conditions these associations may tend to plateau.
Teacher Quality: Beyond No Child Left Behind. A Response to Kaplan and Owings (2002)

Because there is no overall teacher shortage, but rather specific subject area shortages and an adverse selection and allocation problem, the No Child Left Behind Act's requirement that all teachers be "highly qualified " is important and attainable. To improve teacher quality, principals should be given more flexibility and control over teacher hiring and compensation.
Oocyte donors' comprehension as assessed by the EDICT (Egg Donor Informed Consent Tool).

Objective To assess oocyte donors' comprehension of the process and potential risks of oocyte donation using the EDICT (Egg Donor Informed Consent Tool). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting University-based, tertiary reproductive health practice. Patient(s) Prospective oocyte donors. Intervention(s) Donors (N = 65) participated in an audiovisual informational session, and met with a reproductive endocrinologist individually. Donors then completed the Subjective EDICT and Objective EDICT. Main Outcome Measure(s) We report scores on Subjective and Objective EDICT, scores stratified for demographic variables, relationship between Subjective and Objective EDICT scores, and the effect of counseling on scores. Result(s) In general, our cohort of oocyte donors performed well on both objective and subjective portions of the EDICT. We verified the effect of counseling on EDICT scores by comparing before and after counseling scores and demonstrating significant gains. There was no significant correlation between Subjective and Objective EDICT scores. Conclusion(s) For the first time, we report oocyte donors' comprehension of oocyte donation as assessed by the EDICT. Reassuringly, we demonstrate that oocyte donors have adequate subjective and objective comprehension of the process and risks associated with oocyte donation. We also demonstrate that oocyte donor comprehension is significantly impacted by physician counseling efforts. In addition, scores on perceived understanding (Subjective EDICT) did not predict scores on performance-based comprehension (Objective EDICT). The lack of correlation between the two scores further underscores the utility of a performance-based tool, as relying on a donor's self-report (e.g., simply signing a consent form to indicate understanding) may not reflect her actual understanding.
Treating data like software: a case for production quality data

In this short paper, we describe the production data approach to data curation. We argue that by treating data in a similar fashion to how we build production software, that data will be more readily accessible and available for broad re-use. We should be treating data as an ongoing process. This includes considering third-party contributions; planning for cyclical releases; bug fixes, tracking, and versioning; and issuing licensing and citation information with each release.
Realistic CT simulation using the 4D XCAT phantom

The authors develop a unique CT simulation tool based on the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom, a whole-body computer model of the human anatomy and physiology based on NURBS surfaces. Unlike current phantoms in CT based on simple mathematical primitives, the 4D XCAT provides an accurate representation of the complex human anatomy and has the advantage, due to its design, that its organ shapes can be changed to realistically model anatomical variations and patient motion. A disadvantage to the NURBS basis of the XCAT, however, is that the mathematical complexity of the surfaces makes the calculation of line integrals through the phantom difficult. They have to be calculated using iterative procedures; therefore, the calculation of CT projections is much slower than for simpler mathematical phantoms. To overcome this limitation, the authors used efficient ray tracing techniques from computer graphics, to develop a fast analytic projection algorithm to accurately calculate CT projections directly from the surface definition of the XCAT phantom given parameters defining the CT scanner and geometry. Using this tool, realistic high-resolution 3D and 4D projection images can be simulated and reconstructed from the XCAT within a reasonable amount of time. In comparison with other simulators with geometrically defined organs, the XCAT-based algorithm was found to be only three times slower in generating a projection data set of the same anatomical structures using a single 3.2 GHz processor. To overcome this decrease in speed would, therefore, only require running the projection algorithm in parallel over three processors. With the ever decreasing cost of computers and the rise of faster processors and multi-processor systems and clusters, this slowdown is basically inconsequential, especially given the vast improvement the XCAT offers in terms of realism and the ability to generate 3D and 4D data from anatomically diverse patients. As such, the authors conclude that the efficient XCAT-based CT simulator developed in this work will have applications in a broad range of CT imaging research.
The effect of aliovalent dopants on cation diffusion in TiO2-SnO2

Abstract The effect of aliovalent dopants on the kinetics of phase separation in the TiO2-SnO2 system was examined. Cation diffusion coefficients were estimated from the kinetics of phase transformation assuming transformation to be diffusion-controlled. Divalent and trivalent cation dopants accelerated while pentavalent dopants suppressed the kinetics of phase transformation. Independent measurements also showed that trivalent dopants enhanced and pentavalent dopants suppressed interdiffusion coefficients.
Accelerator-based diagnostics in tandem-mirror fusion experiments

Abstract Several accelerator-based analysis techniques have proven useful in diagnosing plasma-edge and first-wall conditions in two tandem-mirror fusion experiments. This paper describes the various techniques and the use of solid-state probes in the tandem-mirror devices TMX and TMX-U in conjunction with subsequent analysis by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). RBS was used to measure the concentration of deposited impurities on solid-state probe samples. NRA, utilizing the D(3He, α )H reaction, gave quantitative data about deuterium retention levels in carbon samples exposed to the plasma. SIMS analysis produced near-surface depth profiles of implanted deuterium in exposed silicon samples. Taken together, these techniques provided detailed information about impurity levels, the flux and energy of particles striking the first-wall, and plasma-edge temperatures. This information has contributed towards an understanding of the confinement properties of tandem mirrors.
Confidence of a ROC Manifold

A Classification system such as an Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system with N possible output labels (or decisions) will have N(N-1) possible errors. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) manifold was created to quantify all of these errors. Finite truth data will produce an approximation to a ROC manifold. How well does the approximate ROC manifold approximate the TRUE ROC manifold? Several metrics exist that quantify the approximation ability, but researchers really wish to quantify the confidence in the approximate ROC manifold. This paper will review different confidence definitions for ROC curves and will derive an expression for confidence of a ROC manifold. The foundation of the confidence expression is based upon the Chebychev inequality..