cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Caregiver Strain and Self-Care Among Caregivers With Diabetes

Importance Caregiver strain has been shown to be associated with adverse effects on caregivers’ health, particularly among those with cardiovascular disease. Less is known about the association of caregiver strain with health behaviors among caregivers with diabetes, a disease that requires a high degree of self-care. Objective To examine the association between caregiver strain and diabetes self-care among caregivers with diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted between July 13, 2018, and June 25, 2020, using data on 795 US caregivers aged 45 years or older with self-reported diabetes from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, which comprised 30 239 Black and White adults 45 years or older throughout the US enrolled from January 2003 to October 2007. Exposures Caregiver strain, assessed by self-report in response to the question,“How much of a mental or emotional strain is it to provide this care?”Response options were no strain, some strain, or a lot of (high) strain. Main Outcomes and Measures Diabetes self-care, which was assessed across 4 domains (Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity, smoking status, and medication adherence), and a composite self-care score summing performance across these domains. The association between caregiver strain and diabetes self-care was examined with multivariable Poisson regression adjusting for demographic, clinical, physical and mental functioning, and caregiving covariates. Results Among the 795 caregivers with diabetes included in the study, the mean (SD) age was 63.7 (8.6) years, 469 (59.0%) were women, and 452 (56.9%) were Black individuals. Overall, 146 caregivers (18.4%) reported high caregiver strain. In unadjusted models, high caregiver strain was associated with less physical activity (prevalence ratio [PR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.97), low medication adherence (PR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.94), and worse self-care (PR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.98). In adjusted models, the association between some and high caregiving strain with low medication adherence remained significant (adjusted PR: some strain, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78-0.99]; high strain, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.69-0.99]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of US adult caregivers with diabetes, a high level of strain was associated with low medication adherence. Increased awareness of the prevalence of caregiver strain and potential ramifications on caregivers’ self-care appears to be warranted among health care professionals and caregivers.
Two Functional Units of the Drosophila Sleep Homeostat Control Sleep Pressure and Sleep-Wake Transitions

The amount an animal sleeps is controlled by a feedback system called the sleep homeostat, in coordination with circadian and environmental inputs. The architecture of this homeostatic control remains elusive. We combine statistical and molecular studies to construct a functional description of the Drosophila sleep homeostat with two units – one that controls sleep pressure and another that regulates sleep duration. Examination of the temporal organization of sleep reveals that the sleep pressure unit generates correlations in the size of individual bouts. The magnitude of this correlation predicts the fraction of sleep recovered after deprivation, suggesting that sleep pressure in Drosophila is measured through temporal ordering of sleep bouts. Examination of bout size distributions suggests that the sleep duration unit is composed of four mutually inhibitory modules that mediate sleep-wake transitions by integrating sleep pressure, circadian and light signals. These results lay the groundwork for a unified model of sleep homeostasis.
On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions.

The ocean is a reservoir for CFC-11, a major ozone-depleting chemical. Anthropogenic production of CFC-11 dramatically decreased in the 1990s under the Montreal Protocol, which stipulated a global phase out of production by 2010. However, studies raise questions about current overall emission levels and indicate unexpected increases of CFC-11 emissions of about 10 Gg ⋅ yr−1 after 2013 (based upon measured atmospheric concentrations and an assumed atmospheric lifetime). These findings heighten the need to understand processes that could affect the CFC-11 lifetime, including ocean fluxes. We evaluate how ocean uptake and release through 2300 affects CFC-11 lifetimes, emission estimates, and the long-term return of CFC-11 from the ocean reservoir. We show that ocean uptake yields a shorter total lifetime and larger inferred emission of atmospheric CFC-11 from 1930 to 2075 compared to estimates using only atmospheric processes. Ocean flux changes over time result in small but not completely negligible effects on the calculated unexpected emissions change (decreasing it by 0.4 ± 0.3 Gg ⋅ yr−1). Moreover, it is expected that the ocean will eventually become a source of CFC-11, increasing its total lifetime thereafter. Ocean outgassing should produce detectable increases in global atmospheric CFC-11 abundances by the mid-2100s, with emission of around 0.5 Gg ⋅ yr−1; this should not be confused with illicit production at that time. An illustrative model projection suggests that climate change is expected to make the ocean a weaker reservoir for CFC-11, advancing the detectable change in the global atmospheric mixing ratio by about 5 yr.
Primary evisceration for neonatal endogenous endophthalmitis: A report of two cases.

Abstract Purpose To present two cases of neonatal endophthalmitis with poor prognosis that were managed with primary evisceration. Observations Case 1 is a 27-weeks’ gestation neonate who developed Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis complicated by globe rupture. Case 2 describes a 34-weeks’ gestation neonate with Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis. Both patients had poor prognosis and thus underwent primary evisceration with good long-term cosmetic outcomes at 15 years and 17 months, respectively. Conclusions and Importance Primary evisceration should be considered in neonates with endophthalmitis with a poor prognosis and can result in good long-term cosmesis.
C-3s and Model Ts: The Machines behind Two Lovely Farewells.

B. F. Skinner’s 1976 editorial “Farewell my LOVELY,” eulogizing the passing of the cumulative record as a primary form of data analysis, borrowed its title from a 1936 E. B. White essay of the same name. In it, White, a well-known 20th century essayist and children’s book author, eulogized the Model T Ford. This article considers the parallels between the machine behind the cumulative record—the cumulative recorder—and White’s Model T. The cumulative recorder considered for comparison is the Ralph Gerbrands Company Model C-3, widely considered by scientists of the time to be the best of the cumulative recorders that proliferated between the 1950s and the 1990s. On a much more modest scale, the C-3 became as popular, visible, distinct, and important in research laboratories devoted, but not limited, to the experimental analysis of behavior as was the Model T on the roads of early 20th century America. Not only were there parallels in manufacture and marketing, but, more importantly, in reliability, durability and ease of function of these two machines that changed the respective practices and culture of behavioral psychology and the world.
Demonstration of Microgrid Resiliency with V2G Operation

Various emergency situations such as sudden loss of generation, transmission system disruption, etc. have led to the popularity of the idea of resilient microgrids. Vehicle to grid or V2G has also become a popular notion with the rise in the sales of EVs. While V2G is primarily associated with vehicles supporting the traditional utility grid, they can also be useful is achieving microgrid resiliency. This paper describes a practical demonstration of a microgrid resiliency experiment with V2G in a typical office building along with a mobile battery energy storage system. The experimental results prove the validity of the idea that V2G can also assist in carrying a microgrid, rather than aiding only the traditional utility grid. It may also be helpful in identifying the limitations of simulation-based works and improve the simulation models.
Residual Acetabular Dysplasia in the Reduced Hip

Residual acetabular dysplasia occurs in up to a third of patients treated successfully for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and has been found to be a significant risk factor for early hip osteoarthritis (OA). Age at the time of initial reduction and the initial severity of DDH have been linked to residual acetabular dysplasia. An anteroposterior pelvic radiograph is the main diagnostic modality, but MRI also provides valuable information, particularly in equivocal cases. The literature supports intervening when significant residual acetabular dysplasia persists at 4–5 years of age, and common surgical indications include acetabular index (AI) > 25°–30°, lateral center–edge angle (LCEA) 18°, cartilaginous center–edge angle (CCE) < 13°, and/or the presence of high-signal intensity areas on MRI. Surgical options include redirectional pelvic osteotomies and reshaping acetabuloplasties, which provide comparable radiographic and clinical results. RAD is common after treatment of DDH and requires regular follow-up for diagnosis and appropriate management to decrease the long-term risk of OA. Long-term outcomes of patients treated with pelvic osteotomies are generally favorable, and the risk of OA can be decreased, although the risk of total hip replacement in the long-term remains.
Strategies for Deploying a Sensor Network to Explore Planetary Lava Tubes.

Recently discovered pits on the surface of the Moon and Mars are theorized to be remnants of lava tubes, and their interior may be in pristine condition. Current landers and rovers are unable to access these areas of high interest. However, multiple small, low-cost robots that can utilize unconventional mobility through ballistic hopping can work as a team to explore these environments. In this work, we propose strategies for exploring these newly discovered Lunar and Martian pits with the help of a mother-daughter architecture for exploration. In this architecture, a highly capable rover or lander would tactically deploy several spherical robots (SphereX) that would hop into the rugged pit environments without risking the rover or lander. The SphereX robots would operate autonomously and perform science tasks, such as getting inside the pit entrance, obtaining high-resolution images, and generating 3D maps of the environment. The SphereX robot utilizes the rover or lander’s resources, including the power to recharge and a long-distance communication link to Earth. Multiple SphereX robots would be placed along the theorized caves/lava tube to maintain a direct line-of-sight connection link from the rover/lander to the team of robots inside. This direct line-of-sight connection link can be used for multi-hop communication and wireless power transfer to sustain the exploration mission for longer durations and even lay a foundation for future high-risk missions.
An Evaluation of Task-Parallel Frameworks for Sparse Solvers on Multicore and Manycore CPU Architectures

Recently, several task-parallel programming models have emerged to address the high synchronization and load imbalance issues as well as data movement overheads in modern shared memory architectures. OpenMP, the most commonly used shared memory parallel programming model, has added task execution support with dataflow dependencies. HPX and Regent are two more recent runtime systems that also support the dataflow execution model and extend it to distributed memory environments. We focus on parallelization of sparse matrix computations on shared memory architectures. We evaluate the OpenMP, HPX and Regent runtime systems in terms of performance and ease of implementation, and compare them against the traditional BSP model for two popular eigensolvers, Lanczos and LOBPCG. We give a general outline in regards to achieving parallelism using these runtime systems, and present a heuristic for tuning their performance to balance tasking overheads with the degree of parallelism that can be exposed. We then demonstrate their merits on two architectures, Intel Broadwell (a multicore processor) and AMD EPYC (a modern manycore processor). We observe that these frameworks achieve up to 13.7 × fewer cache misses over an efficient BSP implementation across L1, L2 and L3 cache layers. They also obtain up to 9.9 × improvement in execution time over the same BSP implementation.
Rock weathering controls the potential for soil carbon storage at a continental scale

As rock-derived primary minerals weather to form soil, they create reactive, poorly crystalline minerals that bind and store organic carbon. By implication, the abundance of primary minerals in soil might influence the abundance of poorly crystalline minerals, and hence soil organic carbon storage. However, the link between primary mineral weathering, poorly crystalline minerals, and soil carbon has not been fully tested, particularly at large spatial scales. To close this knowledge gap, we designed a model that links primary mineral weathering rates to the geographic distribution of poorly crystalline minerals across the USA, and then used this model to evaluate the effect of rock weathering on soil organic carbon. We found that poorly crystalline minerals are most abundant and most strongly correlated with organic carbon in geographically limited zones that sustain enhanced weathering rates, where humid climate and abundant primary minerals co-occur. This finding confirms that rock weathering alters soil mineralogy to enhance soil organic carbon storage at continental scales, but also indicates that the influence of active weathering on soil carbon storage is limited by low weathering rates across vast areas.
Graph rigidity and distributed formation stabilization of multi-vehicle systems

We provide a graph theoretical framework that allows us to formally define formations of multiple vehicles and the issues arising in uniqueness of graph realizations and its connection to stability of formations. The notion of graph rigidity is crucial in identifying the shape variables of a formation and an appropriate potential function associated with the formation. This allows formulation of meaningful optimization or nonlinear control problems for formation stabilization/tacking, in addition to formal representation of split, rejoin, and reconfiguration maneuvers for multi-vehicle formations. We introduce an algebra that consists of performing some basic operations on graphs which allow creation of larger rigid-by-construction graphs by combining smaller rigid subgraphs. This is particularly useful in performing and representing rejoin/split maneuvers of multiple formations in a distributed fashion.
Heavy-meson spectra with a new phenomenological potential

We calculate the energy spectra of the ψ family of mesons, the Υ family and a possible new ζ family, using the quark model with a Coulomb-like potential at small distances and a linear potential at large distances, both modified by logarithmic factors. We also calculate the leptonic-decay widths of vector mesons of these families. We include the effects of spin-dependent forces in perturbation theory. In the case of the ψ and Υ families, we compare the predictions of the model with experiment.
Abstract 15440: Dynamics of Adipocyte and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Pools in Expanding Adipose Tissue

Objective: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of several chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Proper fat storage in white adipose tissue (WAT) is required to maintain insulin sensitivity and to preserve (cardio)vascular health. We hypothesize that endothelial and adipocyte progenitor cell populations (EPCs and APCs, respectively) must be appropriately balanced for physiological, as opposed to pathological, remodeling of WAT. Methods and Results: To determine the impact of nutrient excess on stem/progenitor cells in epididymal WAT, male C57BL/6J mice were placed on a high fat diet (HFD; 60% fat) for 12 weeks and changes in WAT stem cell populations were measured in the stromal vascular fraction by flow cytometry. Although the APC (CD24+/CD29+/Sca+/CD14-/CD45-) population, which has the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo , was not significantly changed with diet, Flk+/Sca+ EPCs were diminished, promoting a 4-fold decrease in the EPC/APC ratio (p <0.05, n = 6/group). To determine whether this deficit may be due to poor stem cell recruitment, mice were irradiated, and the bone marrow was repopulated with GFP+ donor marrow. The transplanted mice were then placed on a low fat diet (LFD; 10% fat) or HFD for 12 weeks, and WAT progenitor cells were again measured. Greater than 95% of the putative APCs in the WAT of HF-fed mice were GFP+ (p<0.0001, n=7-8/group), indicating a bone marrow-derived origin. Unexpectedly, less than 1% of the EPCs were GFP+ (p<0.001, n=7-8/group), which suggests that EPCs present in WAT are not derived from bone marrow in adult mice. Confocal analysis of WAT from HF-fed, bone marrow-transplanted mice showed little evidence of significant APC differentiation into triglyceride-laden adipocytes, suggesting that conditions associated with nutrient excess may impair the ability of the adipose organ to store fat properly. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that putative APCs, and not EPCs, in epididymal WAT are derived from bone marrow. Furthermore, our data suggest that conditions of nutrient excess promote an imbalance in EPCs and APCs, the stoichiometry of which may be critical for the development of new adipocytes and for proper storage of fat.
Pathogenicity Islands and the Evolution of Salmonella Virulence

This chapter discusses the structure and function of Salmonella-specific DNA segments that play a role in virulence. SPI-1 is a 40-kb DNA segment located at 63 min on the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium chromosome. It is flanked by two housekeeping genes, fhlA and mutS, and this distinguishes it from other pathogenicity islands (PAIs), which are typically adjacent to tRNA genes. The SpaN and SpaO proteins are required for secretion of all substrates by the SPI-1 secretory system, and thus they can be considered part of the export apparatus. At least six proteins are translocated into cultured epithelial cells by the SPI-1 secretion system. The major role of SPI-1 is to govern bacterial entry into nonphagocytic cells. However, SPI-1 genes have also been implicated in inflammation and macrophage apoptosis. SPI-1 genes are organized in several transcriptional units: avrA, prgHIJK, orfX, hilAiagB, the sipABCD operon that might extend through sptP,a large operon including genes from invF through spaT, and invH. SPI- 2 was introduced later in the evolution of Salmonella and conferred upon the microorganism the ability to proliferate within host cells and to cause systemic disease. Other Salmonella- specific sequences may specify host range, govern other aspects of infection, or mediate growth in nonhost environments.
Large Eddy Interaction with Propagating Flames

In this report, we describe work in progress on a long-range project to model combustion within a moving piston. While the ultimate goal is a three-dimensional simulation of the interaction between vortex stretching, flame propagation and large-scale eddy formation, the current project is aimed at a 2-D calculation of the effect of varying fuel inlet placement and inclination angles on flame propagation in a swirling fluid. The equations of motion are the equations of zero Mach number combustion, which describe viscous, uniformly compressible flow. At the core of the hydrodynamic calculation is the random vortex method, originally designed for high Reynolds number turbulent flow. At the center of the flame algorithm has been a volume of fluid advection scheme to track the motion of the burning fluid. While this will probably remain the main ingredient on the combustion side, we are currently studying a new algorithm that is proving particularly useful for the analysis of specialized combustion phenomena requiring highly accurate schemes.
Advances in materials and current collecting networks for AMTEC electrodes

Electrode materials for the Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter (AMTEC) play a significant role in the efficiency of the device. RhW and PtW alloys have been studied to determine the best performing material. While RhW electrodes typically have power densities somewhat lower than PtW electrodes, PtW performance is strongly influenced by the Pt/W ratio. The best performing Pt/W ratio is about 3.4. RhW electrodes sinter more slowly than PtW and are predicted to have operating lifetimes up to 40 years; PtW electrodes are predicted to have lifetimes up to 7 years. Interaction with the current collection network can significantly decrease lifetime by inducing metal migration and segregation and by accelerating the sintering rate.
Lattice Defects in Semiconducting Hg1 − x Cd x Te Alloys II . Defect Structure of Indium‐Doped

Hall effect measurements were carried out on indium‐doped crystals quenched to room temperature subsequent to equilibration at 500° and 600°C under various partial pressures of Hg. All the indium‐doped crystals were n‐type under moderate to high partial pressures of Hg whereas they were p‐type at very low Hg pressures. The concentration of electrons obtained in the cooled crystals was lower than the intrinsic carrier concentration at the equilibration temperatures. Also the electron concentration was much lower than the indium concentration in the crystals and was found to increase with increasing Hg pressures at the equilibration temperatures and with increase in the total indium present in the crystals. These inferences have led to a defect model according to which most of the indium is incorporated as dissolved in with only a small fraction of indium acting as single donors occupying Hg lattice sites. Based on such a model, calculated electron concentrations in the cooled crystals as a function of indium concentration and partial pressure of Hg are in agreement with the experimentally observed values.
Bures/statistical distinguishability probabilities of triseparable and biseparable Eggeling-Werner States

In a number of previous studies, we have investigated the use of the volume element of the Bures (minimal monotone) metric -- identically, one-fourth of the statistical distinguishability (SD) metric -- as a natural measure over the (n^2-1)-dimensional convex set of n x n density matrices. This has led us for the cases n = 4 and 6 to estimates of the prior (Bures/SD) probabilities that qubit-qubit and qubit-qutrit pairs are separable. Here, we extend this work from such bipartite systems to the tripartite "laboratory'' quantum systems possessing U x U x U symmetry recently constructed by Eggeling and Werner (Phys. Rev. A 63 [2001], 042324). We derive the associated SD metric tensors for the three-qubit and three-qutrit cases, and then obtain estimates of the various related Bures/SD probabilities using Monte Carlo methods.
A Combination Therapy of 17β-Estradiol and Memantine Is More Neuroprotective Than Monotherapies in an Organotypic Brain Slice Culture Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Combination therapies are a promising therapeutic option for traumatic brain injury (TBI) owing to the clinical failure of monotherapy treatments, such as progesterone. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) from Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an in vitro TBI, and the neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) or memantine (MEM) monotherapies were quantified. Several combination treatments at different concentrations of both drugs were tested, with 100 pM of E2 and 10 μM of MEM statistically and significantly reducing cell death over either monotherapy when administered immediately after injury. This combination was also significantly neuroprotective when administered 1 h postinjury, possibly supporting future in vivo studies. Further, we hypothesized that this synergy could be the result of MEM blocking a potentially deleterious effect of E2, specifically E2 enhancement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) currents. Evoked electrophysiological responses in OHSCs were potentiated by E...
A field experiment informs expected patterns of conifer regeneration after disturbance under changing climate conditions

Climate change may inhibit tree regeneration following disturbances such as wildfire, altering post-disturbance vegetation trajectories. We implemented a field experiment to examine the effects of ...
Does the exposure of children in the UK to background residential power-frequency magnetic fields differ from that of the whole population?

Background power-frequency magnetic fields in homes in the UK vary with the category of accommodation. The categories considered, in ascending order of average field, are detached, semidetached and terraced houses and flats. Because children occupy a different distribution of accommodation compared with the population as a whole, they will on average be exposed to a different background field. Using data on fields from a survey of two hundred people and on distribution of accommodation types from national statistics, it is estimated that this effect leads to children being exposed to background fields which are lower than those experienced by the population as a whole, 54.2 nT, by an average of , a difference which is barely significant.
Comparative kinetics and inhibition of swine and sheep liver microsomal enzymes.

Abstract 1. 1. Inhibition kinetics of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase catalyzed de-ethylation of p-nitrophenetole and naphthalene hydroxylation were studied in swine and sheep using p-nitrobutoxybenzene and carbon monoxide as inhibitors. 2. 2. Lineweaver-Burke plots were obtained which showed non-linear kinetic plots for both animals. 3. 3. Species differences were found in shapes of the kinetic curves. 4. 4. The shape of the kinetic curve was changed by p-nitrobutoxybenzene inhibition, indicating that one region of the curve was more susceptible than others. 5. 5. The implications of this data are discussed in reference to a hypothesis of a system with two enzymes, each having a different affinity, acting on the same substrate.
Cognitive behavioral therapy vs. Tai Chi for late life insomnia and inflammatory risk: a randomized controlled comparative efficacy trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the comparative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Tai Chi Chih (TCC), and sleep seminar education control (SS) on the primary outcome of insomnia diagnosis, and secondary outcomes of sleep quality, fatigue, depressive symptoms, and inflammation in older adults with insomnia. DESIGN Randomized controlled, comparative efficacy trial. SETTING Los Angeles community. PATIENTS 123 older adults with chronic and primary insomnia. INTERVENTIONS Random assignment to CBT, TCC, or SS for 2-hour group sessions weekly over 4 months with follow-up at 7 and 16 months. MEASUREMENTS Insomnia diagnosis, patient-reported outcomes, polysomnography (PSG), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. RESULTS CBT performed better than TCC and SS in remission of clinical insomnia as ascertained by a clinician (P 3.0 mg/L) at 16 months (odds ratio [OR], 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07-0.97] P < 0.05). Remission of insomnia was associated with lower levels of CRP (P < 0.05) at 16 months. TCC was associated with improvements in sleep quality, fatigue, and depressive symptoms as compared to SS (all P's < 0.05), but not insomnia remission. PSG measures did not change. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of late-life insomnia is better achieved and sustained by cognitive behavioral therapies. Insomnia treatment and remission reduces a marker of inflammatory risk, which has implications for cardiovascular morbidity and diabetes observed with sleep disturbance in epidemiologic surveys.
Interface Structure of EPS and Pores Effect on Properties of EPS Lightweight Concrete

The weak interfacial bond strength EPS beads and large intercommunicating pores in the EPS lightweight concrete result in degradation of the mechanical properties of the concrete. The interface bond properties between EPS beads and the concrete can be improved by using the polyvinyl acetate (PVA) emulsion and silica fume. To prevent EPS beads rise up to the surface in the concrete mixing and reduce the number of larger pores in the concrete, vibrating with pressure, which can enhance the mechanical properties of the concrete, is applied. To decrease the aperture size of large pores and enhance thermal performance of the concrete, it is appropriate to decrease EPS beads size . The three-dimensional net structure formed by the polyvinyl acetate (PVA) emulsion and the hydration products of cement in the large pores of the concrete can reduce connectivity of the pores in the concrete ,thus the anti-frozen properties of the concrete is up as well.
Goals and trends in heat transfer research

Heat transfer research is instigated primarily by new developments in technology. In the last thirty years the fields of gas turbines, aeronautics and astronautics and nuclear power contributed many problems for basic heat transfer studies. These are discussed and presently unsolved problems are enumerated. In recent years thermal pollution and the possibility to achieve controlled fusion posed new challenges for heat transfer research.
Intracavernosal pharmacotherapy: the pharmacologic erection program

Intracavernosal pharmacotherapy to facilitate tumescence is possible utilizing agents that induce corporal lacunar and helicine arteriolar smooth muscle relaxation. The patient experience in our pharmacologic erection program (P.E.P.) is presented herein. A total of 201 patients, aged 18–79 years, have entered the program over the 46 months since it was initiated and have been followed for a mean of 26 months. A mixture of papaverine hydrochloride (22.5 mg/ml) and phentolamine mesylate (1.25 mg/ml) has been utilized. The patients with “failure to initiate” neurogenic impotence (21%) required smaller doses and responded more rapidly and for a longer duration than patients with either vasculogenic impotence (65%) or patients with diabetes mellitus (13.5%). All patients who failed to enter the program because of inadequate erectile response to high doses of intracavernosal pharmacotherapy (13%) had “failure to store” corporal leakage syndrome as diagnosed by dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (DICC). The drop-out rate of patients having successfully entered the program was 21%. Complications experienced were few and included corporal fibrosis (1.5%), prolonged erections (greater than 2 h) requiring intracavernosal adrenergic injection or irrigation therapy (1.5%), papaverine-related hepatic dysfunction (LFT) (1.5%), and tachyphylaxis (2%). Pharmacologic erection therapy is efficacious and safe, but requires careful and continuous physician/nurse monitoring. It is applicable as therapy in failure to initiate, failure to fill and failure to store erectile dysfunction. The incidence of long-term complications, particularly that of corporsal fibrosis, will require longer follow-up. Further research with the combination agents presently in use and newer single agents is encouraged.
Orthographie distinctiveness of homonyms

Ratings of orthographic distinctiveness were obtained for 139 homonym pairs. Mean ratings on a 9-point scale ranged from 7.75 to 2.44. Reliability of the ratings was high (r = .91). In addition, orthographic distinctiveness was found to be independent of disparity in perceived meanings of the separate homonym forms.
Denaturation of deoxyribonucleic acid by formamide.

Abstract The denaturation of deoxyribonucleic acid by formamide at a given ionic strength and temperature occurs at a critical concentration of formamide similar to that observed by optical rotation. Denaturation has been followed by the loss in transforming activity of D. pneumoniae deoxyribonucleic acid and by the demonstration of strand separation of 14 N 15 N labelled hydrid E. coli deoxyribonucleic acid. Formamide denatured transforming deoxyribonucleic acid can be made to regain its biological activity upon heating the denatured, formamide treated deoxyribonucleic acid at temperatures below the T m .
An hierarchal location—allocation problem

Abstract We consider a 2-hierarchal location-allocation problem when p 1 health centers and p 2 hospitals are to be located among n potential locations so as to minimize the total weighted travel distance. We consider the possibility of the referral of θ (0 ≤ θ ≤ 1) proportion of patients from a health center to a hospital. For a graph with certain properties, we extend the notion of a median of a graph to an hierarchal median set. We show how the 2-hierarchal location-allocation problem may be solved as a 2-hierarchal vertex median set problem. We formulate the problem as a mathematical programming problem, suggest five heuristic procedures to solve the problem and report some computational experience. Although we consider the hierarchal location-allocation problem with reference to a health care delivery system, the results of this paper have wide application.
Microtubules and neuronal polarity: lessons from mitosis.

I would like to thank Wenqian Yu for assistance in the preparation of the figures; David Sharp, Jon Scholey, Erik Dent, and Mark Black for critically reading the manuscript; and all of the past and present members of my laboratory (especially Fridoon Ahmad, Lotfi Ferhat, David Sharp, and Wenqian Yu) for their important contributions to the work discussed in this article. I would also like to thank Charles Stevens for his support and encouragement. My laboratory is funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.
Kinks and travelling wave solutions for Burgers-like equations

Abstract In this work we develop a variety of Burgers-like equations. We show that these derived equations share some of the travelling wave solutions of the Burgers equation, and differ in some other solutions.
Impact of Exposure to Violence in School on Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Behavior.

Exposure to violence at school remains a significant problem for children and adolescents. This study examined the relationship between exposure to violence at school and child reports of psychological trauma symptoms and violent behavior. The sample consisted of children in grades 3 through 12 in 17 public schools from two different states. Rates of witnessing violence ranged from 56% of elementary-school students witnessing someone else being beaten up to 87% of students witnessing someone else being hit, slapped, or punched at school in the past year. Nearly half (44 %) of middle-school youth were threatened at school. After accounting for demographic effects, witnessing violence at school accounted for more variance than being victimized by violence at school in predicting both psychological trauma symptoms and violent behavior. Students who were exposed to high levels of violence at school also were significantly more likely to experience clinical levels of trauma symptoms than students who were exposed to low levels of violence at school. The association between exposure to violence at school and child well being are discussed.
Biphasic effects of methylenedioxyphenyl synergists on the action of hexobarbital and organophosphate insecticides in mice.

Abstract The duration of hexobarbital sleeping time and the acute toxicity of several organophosphorus insecticides were tested in male mice after pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide. Hexobarbital sleeping times were markedly increased when the barbiturate was given 12 hr or less after 200 mg/kg of piperonyl butoxide, ip, but were shortened when hexobarbital was given 24–72 hr after piperonyl butoxide. A single dose of 6.25 mg/kg of piperonyl butoxide prolonged hexobarbital sleeping time at 30 min after the synergist, but shortening of sleeping times at 48 hr required 100 mg/kg of piperonyl butoxide. Another methylenedioxyphenyl synergist, tropital, had similar effects on hexobarbital sleeping times but was less potent. One hour after 400 mg/kg of piperonyl butoxide, mice were protected against the acute toxicities of methylparathion, guthion, and dimethoate, but were more susceptible to parathion and ethylguthion. At 48 hr after piperonyl butoxide, mice were more susceptible to dimethoate, but were protected against the other compounds. Enzymatic cleavage of both parathion and methylparathion by mouse liver homogenates was inhibited at 1 hr after piperonyl butoxide but was increased at 48 hr.
Assessment of Density Functionals for Predicting One-Bond Carbon−Hydrogen NMR Spin−Spin Coupling Constants

We benchmark the performance of 20 approximate density functionals for the calculation of one-bond carbon-hydrogen NMR spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs). These functionals range from the simplest local-spin density approximation to novel meta-generalized gradient approximation and hybrid density functionals. Our testing set consists of 72 diverse molecules that represent multiple types of hybridization of the carbon atom corresponding to 96 experimentally measured one-bond carbon-hydrogen SSCCs. Our results indicate that generalized gradient approximations perform best for this type of coupling.
Doppler invariant pulse compressors

Abstract A pulse compressor is utilized in many aspects of signal processing. Compression is usually accomplished by using special matched-filter-signal pairs. An alternative method takes advantage of the fact that any linear dynamic system can be excited to produce a time-limited output. Accordingly for a given dynamic system a synthesis procedure is provided for stepwise-constant input pulses evoking a time-limited response. Pairing the signal and system carefully leads to pulse compression. The Doppler invariant pulse compression is an important special case. Many examples are given.
Classifying temporal relations in clinical data: A hybrid, knowledge-rich approach

We address the TLINK track of the 2012 i2b2 challenge on temporal relations. Unlike other approaches to this task, we (1) employ sophisticated linguistic knowledge derived from semantic and discourse relations, rather than focus on morpho-syntactic knowledge; and (2) leverage a novel combination of rule-based and learning-based approaches, rather than rely solely on one or the other. Experiments show that our knowledge-rich, hybrid approach yields an F-score of 69.3, which is the best result reported to date on this dataset.
Acquirer's earnings quality and the choice of payment method in mergers and acquisitions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of acquirer's earnings quality on the choice of payment method in mergers and acquisitions (M&A).Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies a simultaneous equations model to address the concern of endogeneity between earnings quality and payment method in corporate acquisitions. In addition, a propensity score matching model is used for robustness purpose.Findings – Previous studies imply that short‐term accruals have a significant impact on the choice of payment method in M&A. In this study, This paper shows that acquisition financing is not significantly affected by short‐term earnings quality once control variables are considered. Instead, this paper finds that it is the long‐term earnings quality of the acquirer that matters. Acquiring firms with poor (good) long‐term earnings quality prefer lower (higher) cash payment in acquisitions. Their results are robust to different definitions of earnings quality.Research limitations/implicati...
Plasminogen Activators in Rat Neural Tissues During Development and in Wallerian Degeneration

The fibrinolytic activity of blood is caused by plasminogen activators (PA) converting plasminogen to plasmin, the active fibrinolytic protease. PA activity in rat neural tissues was studied by Todd's fibrin slide technique. Cryostat sections overlayed with a film of plasminogen and fibrin were incubated for 60–90 min. PA activity was related to the size of the zone of fibrinolysis surrounding the sections. No lysis occurred with fibrin alone. In rats perfused with saline prior to decapitation the size of the zone of lysis was approximately the same as in non-perfused animals. PA activity was compared in the following tissues: adult (2–3 month) cerebellum and 6–14-day postnatal cerebellum; normal sciatic nerve and transected sciatic nerve 1–9 weeks after operation (in these experiments the sciatic nerve was crushed on the left side, on the right side it was transected and the stumps were tightly ligated to prevent regeneration); normal optic nerves and optic nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration 1–2 weeks after enucleation of the eye. As compared to normal cerebellum PA activity was increased in 6–14-day cerebellum. PA activity was also markedly increased in both crushed and ligated sciatic nerves 1–4 weeks after operation while no differences were observed between normal sciatic nerves and sciatic nerves 9 weeks after ligation. The zone of fibrinolysis surrounding normal optic nerves and the optic nerves of blinded rats was approximately the same. It is proposed that the fibrinolytic system may be relevant to the problem of CNS regeneration.
Halide derivatives of palladium-gold cluster compounds. X-ray crystal and molecular structure of (I)Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuI)2

The reaction chemistry of [Pd(AuPPh3)8](NO3)2 with the halide ions Cl−, Br− and I− and with the pseudohalide CN− has been studied. Acetone solutions of [Pd(AuPPh3)8](NO3)2 reacted with these ions to give the new PdAu clusters (I)Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuI)2, [Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuBr)3]+, Pd(AuPPh3)8(AuCl)3 and Pd(AuPPh3)8(AuCN)3, respectively. In the presence of added acid the reaction with Cl− yielded the cationic cluster [Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuCl)3]+. The structure of (I)Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuI)2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction (unit cell: P21/n, a=37.29, b=22.69, c=16.639 A, β=114.61° , Z=4, V=12 800 A3; refinement: R=0.069). The geometry of this cluster is that of a Pd-centered icosahedral fragment in accord with its eighteen-electron configuration. The coordinated iodine anion of this cluster can be displaced by reaction with CO to give [(CO)Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuI)2]+, while the sixteen-electron clusters [Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuBr)3]+ and [Pd(AuPPh3)7(AuCl)3]+ reacted cleanly with CO to give simple adducts. The eighteen-electron clusters Pd(AuPPh3)8(AuCl)3 and Pd(AuPPh3)8(AuCN)3 showed no reaction with CO. The mechanism of these interesting cluster fragmentation and growth reactions is discussed.
A mathematical approach to study the bending behavior of the primary cilium

The primary cilium, a hair-like projection from the cellular membrane, is involved in fluid flow sensing. In this study, the primary cilium is modeled as a thin beam undergoing large deflection due to fluid drag forces. For the first time, the bending response is analyzed with a model combining large angle rotations with the assumption of a linear drag force along the ciliary length. The model is applied on published pictures of bent cilia. Incorporating a linear drag force and allowing for a basal tilt is an important step towards a more realistic mechanical model of the primary cilium and towards more accurate values of its flex-ural rigidity. The model will be a useful tool to study the mechanical behavior of the primary cilium and will eventually lead to new insight in the poorly understood mechanisms of me-chanotransduction.
DICOM version 3.0 demonstration at InfoRAD 1992

Over the past 10 years, a large number of devoted individuals have worked on a project to develop a standard for the storage and exchange of medical images. Known as the ACR/NEMA standardization effort, this project is jointly sponsored by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). Over the years, radiologists and industry representatives alike have supported the standardization effort, but there has been little evidence of actual exchanges of medical images among medical equipment vendors who use the ACR/NEMA standard.
Microstructural Characterization of GaAs Substrates

The defect microstructures of GaAs substrates have been investigated in a multi-technique approach including integral cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron acoustic microscopy (SEAM), double crystal x-ray topography (XRT), and defect delineation etch. The XRT, CL, and SEAM studies are of identical areas on SI GaAs(Cr) grown by the liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) method and by the horizontal Bridgman (HB) method. Correlation was made to the defect structure revealed by defect delineation etching. The samples were also characterized by Fourier transform photoluminescence (FTPL) to qualitatively identify the major transitions contributing to the CL images. The CL, SEAM, XRT, and defect delineation etch images of each material are compared and their different perspectives are discussed.
Mining useful patterns: my evolutionary view

Pattern mining has been studied in the data mining community for over 15 years, with lots of interesting results and methods reported. One critical issue in pattern mining is the usefulness of patterns, i.e., what patterns are likely useful for what applications, instead of yet another efficient pattern mining algorithm. In my talk, I will discuss my evolutionary view on the usefulness of patterns and present a set of examples on what patterns are considered to be useful in certain practice. This may give some insight on pattern analysis, based on my own study, and point out a few open research problems and possible exploration of broad applications of pattern mining.
Confronting "culture" in medicine's "culture of no culture"

The author presents reflections from medical anthropology on the institutional culture of medicine and medical education, which sees itself as a "culture of no culture" and which systematically tends to foster static and essentialist conceptions of "culture" as applied to patients. Even though requirements designed to address cultural competence are increasingly incorporated into medical school curricula, medical students as a group may be forgiven for failing to take these very seriously as long as they perceive that they are quite distinct from the real competence that they need to acquire. To change this situation will require challenging the tendency to assume that "real" and "cultural" must be mutually exclusive terms. Physicians' medical knowledge is no less cultural for being real, just as patients' lived experiences and perspectives are no less real for being cultural. Whether this lesson can be effectively conveyed within existing curricular frameworks remains an open question. Cultural competence curricula will, perhaps, achieve their greatest success if and when they put themselves out of business-if and when, that is, medical competence itself is transformed to such a degree that it is no longer possible to imagine it as not also being "cultural."
Gilling in Trap-Net Pots and Use of Catch Data to Predict Lake Whitefish Gilling Rates

Abstract Gilling of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in trapnet pots was investigated for three commercial nets set during the fall of 1980 in northern Lake Huron. Approximately 73% of observed giliing occurred as nets were being lifted. Consequently, high percentages of gilled fish were alive when fishermen harvested their catch. More than two-thirds of the gilled fish were located in side netting, while smaller proportions of gilled fish were found in the back, front, top, and bottom of the pot. A regression model was developed to predict the number of lake whitefish gilled based on total catch. Independent variables for the statistically significant (P < 0.001) model were the number of lake whitefish caught and the square root of the number of lake trout in the pot. Lake whitefish schooling behavior associated with the approach of spawning season was regarded as an important factor in explaining gilling rates. The number of gilled whitefish could be reduced ...