cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of creep-fatigue behavior, deformation mechanisms, and microstructural evolution of alloy 709 under accelerated conditions

Abstract Alloy 709 is a leading candidate structural material for sodium-cooled fast spectrum reactors (FSR), where creep-fatigue is a potential failure mode. Low cycle fatigue (LCF) and creep-fatigue tests with 30 min tensile hold times have been conducted to failure at 550 and 650 °C, corresponding to potential service and accelerated test temperatures, respectively. Creep-fatigue life is reduced relative to LCF at both temperatures, though significantly more at 550 °C compared to 650 °C. Differences in slip behavior, dynamic recovery, precipitate evolution, and strain-aging effects result in less stress relaxation and sustained high tensile stresses in creep-fatigue at 550 °C; thus, there is more intergranular damage compared to 650 °C.
Experimental assessment of two-scale command shaping applied to engine restart

Abstract This article presents an experimental apparatus for assessing two-scale command shaping (TSCS) as applied to mitigating undesirable vibrations during internal combustion engine (ICE) restart. The apparatus contains a three-cylinder diesel ICE coupled to a permanent magnet alternating current (PMAC) electric machine (EM) mounted on a plate and welded frame. Through Controller Area Network (CAN) messaging, the EM applies a TSCS-designed torque profile to the ICE. Data taken using on-board rotary encoders and a laser Doppler vibrometer document the effectiveness of the TSCS strategy in significantly reducing undesirable powertrain and frame vibrations.
Development and Application of Dispatching and Energy Management System for 50MW/100MWh Battery Energy Storage Station

This paper introduces the construction background of battery energy storage station(BESS) in Qinghai multi-energy complementary demonstration project. Based on the integrated topology structure of BESS, the structure of dispatching and energy management system (EMS) for large-scale BESS is established. The dispatching and energy management strategy participating in automatic generation control(AGC) of BESS are put forward. On this basis, a dispatching and EMS for large-scale BESS is developed and applied in the 50MW/100MWh BESS in Qinghai multi-energy complementary demonstration project. The AGC functions are realized. It can be seen that the system meets the design requirements based on the operation data.
Management of Orbital Masses: Outcomes of Endoscopic and Combined Approaches With No Orbital Reconstruction

IntroductionThe endoscopic endonasal approach to management of orbital pathology has expanded. Due to the rarity of these conditions, most reports in the literature consist of small case reports. W...
A TAL effector-like protein of symbiotic Mycetohabitans increases stress tolerance and alters the transcriptome of the fungal host Rhizopus microsporus

Abstract Symbioses of bacteria with fungi have only recently been described and are poorly understood. In the symbiosis of Mycetohabitans (formerly Burkholderia) rhizoxinica with the fungus Rhizopus microsporus, bacterial type III (T3) secretion is known to be essential. Proteins resembling T3-secreted transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors of plant pathogenic bacteria are encoded in the three sequenced Mycetohabitans spp. genomes. TAL effectors nuclear localize in plants, where they bind and activate genes important in disease. The Burkholderia TAL-like (Btl) proteins bind DNA but lack the N- and C-terminal regions in which TAL effectors harbor their T3 and nuclear localization signals, and activation domain. We characterized a Btl protein, Btl19-13, and found that, despite the structural differences, it can be T3-secreted and can nuclear localize. A btl19-13 gene knockout did not prevent the bacterium from infecting the fungus, but the fungus became less tolerant to cell membrane stress. Btl19-13 did not alter transcription in a plant-based reporter assay, but 15 R. microsporus genes were differentially expressed in comparisons both of the fungus infected with the wildtype bacterium vs the mutant and with the mutant vs. a complemented strain. Southern blotting revealed btl genes in 14 diverse Mycetohabitans isolates. However, banding patterns and available sequences suggest variation, and the btl19-13 phenotype could not be rescued by a btl gene from a different strain. Our findings support the conclusion that Btl proteins are effectors that act on host DNA and play important but varied or possibly host-genotype-specific roles in the M. rhizoxinica-R. microsporus symbiosis.
Economic value of tropical cyclone conditions of readiness

U. S. Military bases are especially vulnerable to tropical cyclones (TCs) because they concentrate extremely expensive equipment in a small area. A TC hit at a base can result in upwards of 2 billion dollars in damage, as demonstrated by the recent loss of F-22 aircraft at Tyndall Air Base during Hurricane Michael. To mitigate these events, the Department of Defense defines tropical cyclone conditions of readiness (TCCOR), a set of preparedness levels that are adhered to by bases in preparation of an approaching TC. TCCOR are set by base commanders and are dependent on the likelihood of 50-knot sustained winds impacting the base within a forecast time. These TC-CORs generally drop from V (generally seasonal preparedness) to IV (50 kt or higher winds possible within 72 h); III (50 kt or higher winds possible within 48 h), II (50 kt or higher winds expected within 24 h), and I (50 kt or higher winds expected in 12 h or occurring now). Each TCCOR is associated with a specific set of preparedness actions whose cost generally increases as the TCCOR level drops. As preparing a base for a specific TCCOR level can be extremely time consuming and expensive, it is important that we assess the economic value of the preparation. In this work, we develop a simple cost-loss/savings model to estimate and compare the economic value of skillful TC forecasting against a no-skill forecast baseline. The cost-loss/savings model developed demonstrates that skilled forecasts offer considerable savings over non-skilled forecasts. The algorithm has been implemented in an Excel spreadsheet so that it can be customized to specific bases of interest.
Social class background, disjoint agency, and hiring decisions

Abstract To promote upward mobility for the working-class, much effort has focused on making higher education more widely accessible. However, upward mobility is also powerfully determined by processes that occur after college, when individuals launch their work careers. In the current study, college students who were about to enter the labor market completed mock job interviews while being videotaped. Supporting cultural mismatch theory ( Stephens, Townsend, et al., 2012 ), participants from working-class backgrounds displayed less disjoint agentic behavior during their interviews (e.g., less assertive behavior). This led observers to evaluate them as less intelligent and socio-emotionally skilled, and led professional hiring managers to view them as less worthy of hire – even though working-class individuals were as intelligent and more socio-emotionally skilled than their upper-class counterparts (Study 1). However, when hiring managers were told to place more value on cooperation and teamwork rather than competition and individualism, individuals who displayed low disjoint agency did not face the same bias (Study 2). This suggests that the bias against individuals from working-class backgrounds observed in Study 1 can be mitigated.
A conduit to the core

A better understanding of the dynamics of Earth's mantle depends on improved techniques for isotopic tracing. One such study has resolved minute variations in isotopes of osmium and links surface volcanism to events at the core.
Preconceptional stress and racial disparities in preterm birth: an overview

Objective We reviewed the evidence for three theories of how preconceptional psychosocial stress could act as a contributing determinant of excess preterm birth risk among African American women: early life developmental plasticity and epigenetic programming of adult neuroendocrine systems; blunting, weathering, or dysfunction of neuroendocrine and immune function in response to chronic stress activation through the life course; individuals' adoption of risky behaviors such as smoking as a response to stressful stimuli. Methods Basic science, clinical, and epidemiologic studies indexed in MEDLINE and Web of Science databases on preconceptional psychosocial stress, preterm birth and race were reviewed. Results Mixed evidence leans towards modest associations between preconceptional chronic stress and preterm birth (for example common odds ratios of 1.2-1.4), particularly in African American women, but it is unclear whether this association is causal or explains a substantial portion of the Black-White racial disparity in preterm birth. The stress-preterm birth association may be mediated by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis, although these mechanisms are incompletely understood. Evidence for the role of epigenetic or early life programming as a determinant of racial disparities in preterm birth risk is more circumstantial. Conclusions Preconceptional stress, directly or in interaction with host genetic susceptibility or infection, remains an important hypothesized risk factor for understanding and reducing racial disparities in preterm birth. Future studies that integrate adequately sized epidemiologic samples with measures of stress, infection, and gene expression, will advance our knowledge and allow development of targeted interventions.
Existential Instantiation and Strong Normalization

We present a new manageable formulation of natural deduction with a rule of existential instantiation ∃xA[x]/A[b]. It simplifies skolemizing devices of earlier formulations, includes a new rule for disjunction and admits a proof of strong normalization. This opens way to the treatment of new systems for which only normal form theorems are known.
The Rise of Chinese Wind Turbine Manufacturers

In this case study we investigate the evolutionary process of Chinese wind turbine manufactures’ innovation capability. By focusing on the three biggest wind turbine firms in China, Sinovel, Goldwind, Mingyang, and related value chain, we try to understand how their absorptive capacity leads to disruptive innovation through which Chinese wind turbine manufacturers quickly improved their global competitiveness. We developed a four-phase model to describe this evolution process. In the first knowledge acquisition phase, Chinese firms developed the capability in identifying and acquiring externally generated knowledge from foreign partners. In the second assimilation phase, they developed the capability in analyzing, processing, interpreting, and understanding the information obtained from external sources. In the third transformation phase, Chinese firms developed the capability in facilitating the combination of existing knowledge and the newly acquired and assimilated knowledge. In the fourth exploitation phase, they developed the capability in refining, extending, and leveraging existing competencies or creating new ones by incorporating acquired knowledge. We close with the discussion of several critical issues.
Effects of a finite axial magnetic field on the beam loading on a cavity [klystron cavity example]

The beam loading of a cavity is mostly computed under the assumption of an infinite axial magnetic field. In practice, a finite focusing magnetic field is almost always present. In this paper, we extend Branch's classic paper (IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol.8, p.193, 1961) on ballistic bunching in that both the conductive and reactive components of the beam-loaded admittance are computed, and for general values of axial magnetic field. Also included is a comparison of the analytic formulation with a 2D particle-in-cell simulation. This work suggests that the finite axial magnetic field used in linear beam tubes (typically exceeding 1.5 times the Brillouin field) would modify the beam-loaded admittance by about 20%, or less, from that computed under the assumptions of an infinite axial magnetic field.
Avoidance behavior controlled by a model of vertebrate midbrain mechanisms

A mobile animat is simulated with a steering controller modeled on vertebrate midbrain mechanisms. As in the brain, the model optic tectum receives direct input from the eyes and is reciprocally connected to the two nucleus isthmi (NI) which respond selectively to looming objects. NI activity feeds back to tectum which controls turning movements. The animat is tested in a 3-D field of obstacles. It discriminates objects at different distances and it avoids “predators” and collision with stationary obstacles.
Beyond easy answers: prenatal diagnosis and counseling during pregnancy.

Abstract Objective: The advancing sophistication and availability of prenatal diagnostic technologies, such as transvaginal ultrasound, chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and alpha feto-protein testing, have increased the medical capacity to detect genetic and congenital conditions during pregnancy. This paper raises many social and ethical questions about how families, craniofacial teams, and society respond when a prenatal diagnosis is made and considers the ethical and social issues around counseling, managing information, and making decisions. Design: Ethical and sociological analysis. Setting: Implications examined on the societal, health professional, and family level. Results: Families and health professionals often manage ambiguity, uncertainty, and complex decision making in facing a prenatal diagnosis. Embedded in parental and clinical decisions are values about children with birth defects. Families are making decisions about whether to bear or abort an affected fetus on the basis of thei...
Surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with benzophenone and sodium hydride by ultraviolet irradiation

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films were surface modified in a solution of benzophenone and sodium hydride in dry dimethylformamide by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The extent of surface modification was characterized after durations of UV light irradiation from 5-20 min at temperatures from 19-60°C. The modified films were analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle measurement, and low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. PTFE surfaces produced by this modification demonstrated extensive defluorination, oxygen incorporation, surface unsaturation, and reduction in both advancing and receding dynamic water contact angles in a manner that was more extensive at long durations of irradiation and at high temperatures. Morphological damage depended upon treatment conditions, but extensive surface modification could be obtained without substantial morphological damage to PTFE films. Control experiments indicated that the surface modification proceeded by photoexcitation of either diphenyl ketyl radical anion or benzhydrol anion, the products of reaction of benzophenone with sodium hydride.
Quantifying video-QoE degradations of internet links

With the proliferation of multimedia content on the Internet, there is an increasing demand for video streams with high perceptual quality. The capability of present-day Internet links in delivering high-perceptual-quality streaming services, however, is not completely understood. Link-level degradations caused by intradomain routing policies and inter-ISP peering policies are hard to obtain, as Internet service providers often consider such information proprietary. Understanding link-level degradations will enable us in designing future protocols, policies, and architectures to meet the rising multimedia demands. This paper presents a trace-driven study to understand quality-of-experience (QoE) capabilities of present-day Internet links using 51 diverse ISPs with a major presence in the US, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. We study their links from 38 vantage points in the Internet using both passive tracing and active probing for six days. We provide the first measurements of link-level degradations and case studies of intra-ISP and inter-ISP peering links from a multimedia standpoint. Our study offers surprising insights into intradomain traffic engineering, peering link loading, BGP, and the inefficiencies of using autonomous system (AS)-path lengths as a routing metric. Though our results indicate that Internet routing policies are not optimized for delivering high-perceptual-quality streaming services, we argue that alternative strategies such as overlay networks can help meet QoE demands over the Internet. Streaming services apart, our Internet measurement results can be used as an input to a variety of research problems.
939 EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS

Early onset neonatal sepsis often presents as respiratory distress. To prospectively define the criteria for its early diagnosis, a battery of laboratory tests and duplicate blood cultures wereperformed within the first 12 hrs of life in 116 consecutive infants presented with respiratory distress. Nine infants were septic (6 with group B Streptococcus, 1 each with P. Pneumonea, E. Coli and P. Aerogenosa). There was no significant difference between septic and non septic infants in gestational age, birth weight, duration of ruptured membranes, platelet count, band count, micro sedimentation rate or roentgenographic findings. Septic infants had significantly higher incidence of positive gastric gram stains for bacteria and polymorphonuclear cells, lower white blood count ( 60% (normal in newborn >30%) or no neutrophils on the NBT smear. Using criteria of leuko-penia and neutropenia defined above, all septic infants would have been identified and 23% of non-septic infants would be falsely identified. Though tedious, addition of buffy coat and NBT test to the diagnostic regimen would have identified all septic infants without false identification of non septic infants. White blood count and differential is the simplest and most reliable indicator for early diagnosis of early onset sepsis of various bacterial etiologies.
On the non-singular traction-BIE in elasticity

The work reported herein develops a generalized traction-BIE formulation which involves only weakly singular integrals (in the three-dimensional problem) or totally regular integrals (in the two-dimensional problem). The first step deals with the terms in the Somigliana displacement identity, and then the derivatives of these terms. The only conditions required for the existence of the traction-BIE and the related Somigliana stress identity are weak continuity of the in-plane derivatives of the surface displacements and of the surface tractions. It is shown that the Cauchy Principal Value (CPV) interpretations so commonly used in BIE developments are unnecessary. The formulation is established not only at a smooth boundary point, but also at a corner point. The extension of the non-singular formulation to discontinuous boundary tractions and tangential derivatives of the boundary displacements applicable to a generalized problem statement as well as the usual BEM implementations is also shown. In the demonstrated formulation, the source points are located directly at the boundary nodes and non-conformal elements are not needed.
Transport and conduction in random systems

Abstract We discuss the use of the effective medium approximation (EMA) for the calculation of the macroscopic properties of a microscopically disordered system. This technique has a long history for static problems, but has only recently been applied to time-dependent problems. Our discussion is restricted, for simplicity, to the case of a periodic lattice with disorder in transport properties at the level of individual bonds. We review recent applications of the EMA to disordered rate equations (master equations) and show how the basic formalism extends to a class of disordered integro-difference equations (generalized master equations) and to transport processes in which loss of the mobile species from the system is possible. In each case the macroscopic system properties, obtained by smoothing out spatial disorder, exhibit time-correlation or memory effects.
A microelectrode to measure dissolved oxygen in insect larvae

Variations in values for dissolved oxygen in the haemolymph of insects occur because of air exposure during collection. This fluctuation is caused by oxidation of phenolic substances and general uptake of oxygen. To determine dissolved oxygen polarographically in the larval haemocoele of Popillia japonica Newman, an indicator cathode was devised and housed in a 27-gauge hypodermic needle. Knowledge of this value was needed in the development of infective spores to control the Japanese beetle.
A Comparison of Spatial and Spectral Image Resolution for Mapping Invasive Plants in Coastal California

We explored the potential of detecting three target invasive species: iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis), jubata grass (Cortaderia jubata), and blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. We compared the accuracy of mapping six communities (intact coastal scrub, iceplant invaded coastal scrub, iceplant invaded chaparral, jubata grass invaded chaparral, blue gum invaded chaparral, and intact chaparral) using four images with different combinations of spatial and spectral resolution: hyperspectral AVIRIS imagery (174 wavebands, 4 m spatial resolution), spatially degraded AVIRIS (174 bands, 30 m), spectrally degraded AVIRIS (6 bands, 4 m), and both spatially and spectrally degraded AVIRIS (6 bands, 30 m, i.e., simulated Landsat ETM data). Overall success rates for classifying the six classes was 75% (kappa 0.7) using full resolution AVIRIS, 58% (kappa 0.5) for the spatially degraded AVIRIS, 42% (kappa 0.3) for the spectrally degraded AVIRIS, and 37% (kappa 0.3) for the spatially and spectrally degraded AVIRIS. A true Landsat ETM image was also classified to illustrate that the results from the simulated ETM data were representative, which provided an accuracy of 50% (kappa 0.4). Mapping accuracies using different resolution images are evaluated in the context of community heterogeneity (species richness, diversity, and percent species cover). Findings illustrate that higher mapping accuracies are achieved with images possessing high spectral resolution, thus capturing information across the visible and reflected infrared solar spectrum. Understanding the tradeoffs in spectral and spatial resolution can assist land managers in deciding the most appropriate imagery with respect to target invasives and community characteristics.
Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Network

The formation of a network is determined by the opposition of two forces. The first is the reproduction of network structure as a general social resource for network members. The second is the alteration of network structure by entrepreneurs for their own benefit. The idea of reproduction is a conventional one in organizational sociology but has taken on increased importance due to the work of Bourdieu and Coleman. In contrast, Burt stresses the entrepreneurship of individual agents in exploiting structural holes that lie between constrained positions. Though complementary, the theories of social capital and structural holes have fundamentally different implications for network formation. This paper investigates these theories by examining empirically the formation of the interorganizational network among biotechnology firms. We propose that network structure determines the frequency with which a new biotechnology firm (or startup) establishes new relationships. Network structure indicates both where soci...
Abstract 4264: NFκB activation in mesenchymal stromal cells induced by leukemia-stroma interaction plays a central role in stroma-mediated chemo-resistance of leukemic cells

Within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, BM mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) produce cytokines and chemokines and initiate cellular adhesion-mediated signals that tightly regulate normal and malignant hematopoietic cell development. This rich environment serves as a sanctuary for malignant hematopoietic cells, offering protection from chemotherapeutic agents and promoting residual disease with greater potential for developing acquired drug resistance. In this study we utilized gene expression profiling (GEP) as a genome-wide exploratory approach to characterize changes caused by the interaction between leukemic cells and BM-MSC, and how these changes can contribute to the observed microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance. Co-culture of REH, a pre-B-ALL cell line, with normal-donor BM-MSCs for 48 hours upregulated a variety of genes encoding cytokines and chemokines in BM-MSCs such as CXCR6, CCL5, CCL2, IL32, IL34, IL8, IL6, CXCL12, and the VLA4 ligand VCAM-1. These microarray-based GEP findings were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) implicated activation of NFκB in BM-MSCs as a potential cause of these changes. Similar upregulation of NFκB target genes was found in MSC co-cultured with the AML cell line OCI-AML3, suggesting that NFκB activation is a common consequence of leukemia-stroma interation. Given known paracrine functions of NFκB-regulated target genes such as IL-8, we hypothesized that stromal NFκB activation contributes to stroma-mediated chemo-resistance of leukemic cells. Stable transduction of BM-MSC to overexpress a super-repressor form of IαBβ (IαBβ-SR), to block canonical-pathway NFκB activation in the stromal compartment, significantly reduced the stroma-mediated chemo-resistance to Vincristine (VCR) of REH cells. NFκB inhibition using a specific IKKα inhibitor (MLN120B), affecting both BM-MSC and tumor cells, highly increased the apoptotic effects in leukemia-stroma co-cultures of VCR in REH cells and NALM6, another pre-B-ALL cell line. Similar results were obtained with CDDO-Me, another NFκB inhibitor. Altogether these results indicate that the interaction of leukemic cells with BM stromal cells activates NFκB in the stromal compartment, with subsequent transcriptional upregulation of a number of cytokines and chemokines ultimately favoring the survival of leukemic cells. We propose that targeting NFκB may ameliorate stroma-mediated chemo-resistance and help in eliminating bone-marrow resident leukemic cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4264. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4264
Real-time monitoring of pyrotechnically derived aerosol particles in the troposphere

Aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) allows for simultaneous determination of the aerodynamic particle size and chemical composition of individual particles in real time. Polydisperse particles originating from July 4, 1995, fireworks displays were monitored using ATOFMS over a 4-day period. Fireworks particles were identified by ion combinations in the single-particle mass spectra of potassium, aluminum, magnesium, barium, and lead and grouped into chemically specific categories. The relative number of ambient fireworks particles peaked on the morning of July 5, 1995, with representative particles being detected as late as July 19, 1995. The mass spectra of the detected particles are indicative of the original chemical composition of typical fireworks mixtures. This study demonstrates the ability of ATOFMS to serve as a real-time monitor of aerosols in the atmosphere, capable of detecting and tracking aerosol particles of a specific size and chemical composition from a particular source over...
Distribution of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities in boar semen after cold shock and freezing

The glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of spermatozoa and seminal plasma were determined for control (25 °C), cold-shocked (0 °C), and deep frozen (−196 °C) boar semen. Semen from four ejaculates of each of four boars was used. Freezing caused significant (P < 0.01) losses of GOT and LDH activities from the spermatozoa and concomitant significant (P < 0.01) increases in the seminal plasma. The magnitude of enzyme losses from spermatozoa was greater for GOT (68.7 to 86.2%) than for LDH (22.6 to 31.8%). In addition to “leaching” of enzymes from sperm cells into seminal plasma, some inactivation of LDH occurred during freezing. Cold shock caused significant (P < 0.05) losses of GOT and LDH activities from the spermatozoa. Dilution of boar semen with an egg yolk extender slightly reduced the loss of GOT and LDH activities occurring during cold shock. The data indicate that GOT activity may be a more useful parameter than LDH activity for assessing boar sperm cell damage during freezing.
In Situ Proteomic Analysis of Human Breast Cancer Epithelial Cells Using Laser Capture Microdissection: Annotation by Protein Set Enrichment Analysis and Gene Ontology

Identification of molecular signatures that allow detection of the transition from normal breast epithelial cells to malignant invasive cells is a critical component in the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative strategies for human breast cancer. Substantial efforts have been devoted to deciphering breast cancer etiology at the genome level, but only a limited number of studies have appeared at the proteome level. In this work, we compared individual in situ proteome profiles of nonpatient matched nine noncancerous, normal breast epithelial (NBE) samples with nine estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (luminal subtype), invasive malignant breast epithelial (MBE) samples by combining laser capture microdissection (LCM) and quantitative shotgun proteomics. A total of 12,970 unique peptides were identified from the 18 samples, and 1623 proteins were selected for quantitative analysis using spectral index (SpI) as a measure of protein abundance. A total of 298 proteins were differentially expressed between NBE and MBE at 95% confidence level, and this differential expression correlated well with immunohistochemistry (IHC) results reported in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. To assess pathway level patterns in the observed expression changes, we developed protein set enrichment analysis (PSEA), a modification of a well-known approach in gene expression analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Unlike single gene-based functional term enrichment analyses that only examines pathway overrepresentation of proteins above a given significance threshold, PSEA applies a weighted running sum statistic to the entire expression data to discover significantly enriched protein groups. Application of PSEA to the expression data in this study revealed not only well-known ER-dependent and cellular morphology-dependent protein abundance changes, but also significant alterations of downstream targets for multiple transcription factors (TFs), suggesting a role for specific gene regulatory pathways in breast tumorigenesis. A parallel GOMiner analysis revealed both confirmatory and complementary data to PSEA. The combination of the two annotation approaches yielded extensive biological feature mapping for in depth analysis of the quantitative proteomic data.
Fly-by-light optical bus interface module (OBIM)

Driving the need for optics in flight control are the issues of wire weight, HIRF, and system bandwidth. With the advent of advanced Vehicle Management System (VMS) systems and the higher level of functional and physical integration of subsystems such as the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) and the Subsystem Utility Integration Technology (SUIT) program, optics in flight control offer attractive system benefits. Advanced VMS control functions generate large quantities of data to be transmitted over the VMS buses for processing. This paper will address the implementation of a module that will support the high throughput requirements of an advanced VMS system. The module is defined as the Optical Bus Interface Module (OBIM) and utilizes the AS1773A 20 mbps fiber optic bus for the VMS system bus. In addition, the module supports 5 mbps fiber optic Cross Channel Data Links (CCDLs) for the exchange of flight critical data in redundant architectures.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Apparent pH dependence of ethanol absorption rate in the common guppy.

The uptake of ethanol from buffered solution by guppies has been studied. There was an apparent increase in the rate of absorption with increasing pH. In contrast, similar experiments made with goldfish failed to show an increase in absorption rate as the pH was increased. The guppy should be used with caution as a model for investigating the effects of varying pH upon drug absorption.
Exercise in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip

Osteoarthritis OA is a disorder that confines itself to affected joints; however, impairment, functional limitation, and disability related to OA can reach far beyond the perimeters of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. OA often is compared to other arthritides and defined by what it is not: OA is not a systemic disease; OA is not a disease of primary inflammation; OA is not life threatening. Too often OA also has been considered not interesting, not important, and not responsive to conservative treatment. However, reports documenting the personal and socioeconomic impact of OA are increasing recognition of its importance [1] and recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis are stimulating research [2]. OA is characterized by specific changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Cartilage shows fibrillations, increased water content, and loss of integrity. Underlying bone is less compliant and may exhibit microfractures, sclerosis, and osteophytes at joint margins [3]. These changes result in increased friction, decreased shock absorption, and greater impact loading of the joint. The traditional view of OA is that the disease process starts with an unrepaired injury to articular cartilage. There is also evidence, however, that reduced compliance in bone and periarticular structures may initiate degenerative processes [4,5]. Although radiographic evidence of joint space narrowing and osteophytes may help confirm a diagnosis of OA, the clinical criteria for classification and reporting of hip and knee OA are described in terms of pain and limitation of motion [6,7] Table 1. Radiographic and laboratory data add little to the accuracy of these criteria [6]. Moreover, there is no clear association between radiographic findings and function or pain [8].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase I control charts for times between events

A count of the number of defects is often used to monitor the quality of a production process. When defects rarely occur in a process, it is often desirable to monitor the time between the occurrence of each defect rather than a count of the number of defects. An exponential distribution often provides a useful model of the time between defects. Phase I control charts for exponentially distributed processes are discussed. Methods for computing the control limits are given and the overall Type I error rates of these charts are evaluated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic wave thermal fluctuations, ultrasonic waveforms by correlation of thermal phonons

It is widely recognized that acoustic degrees of freedom coupled to a thermal bath have amplitudes which fluctuate with a mean square proportional to temperature; this is the basis for the Debye theory of the heat capacity of insulating solids. It is shown here that these elastic wave thermal phonons have correlation functions identical to the system's ultrasonic Green's function, and furthermore that thermal noise in ultrasonic detectors should have correlation functions equivalent to conventional waveforms obtained by active transmission and reception. This suggests the possibility of doing ultrasonics without a source. Theory for the identity is presented, and several room temperature laboratory confirmations are conducted in the frequency range 0.1-1.0 MHz. The thermal nature of the origin of these correlations is established by comparing their strength with theoretical expectations. Applications are discussed.
Identification of the DNA sequences controlling the expression of the MAT alpha locus of yeast.

Abstract We have excised a 28-base-pair DNA fragment from the MAT alpha intergenic region and tested its ability to direct diploid-specific transcriptional repression. This fragment (1643-1671, 5'-GCTTCCCAATGTAGAAAAGTACA-TCATA-3') lies within a region required for the normal diploid-specific repression of the MAT alpha transcripts. First, the fragment was inserted into a 53-base-pair MAT alpha deletion that expresses alpha 1 and alpha 2 constitutively. Insertion of the fragment restores proper diploid regulation to the MAT alpha transcripts: alpha 1 mRNA is strongly repressed and alpha 2 mRNA is reduced by a factor of approximately equal to 10 from its haploid level. The fragment works equally well in either orientation, and two copies of the fragment do not lead to stronger repression than a single copy. We also inserted the fragment at three sites upstream of the CYC1-lacZ fusion gene. Insertions placing the regulatory fragment between the CYC1 upstream activator sequence (UAS) and the coding region make beta-galactosidase efficiently in alpha haploids but produce 1/40th the enzyme in a/alpha diploids. This diploid-specific repression requires functional MATa-1 gene product. Insertion of the MAT fragment on the opposite side of the UAS (37 base pairs upstream of the UAS) also caused diploid repression of the fusion gene, but only by a factor of 7. When the regulatory fragment is inserted at a large distance on the far side of the UAS (375 base pairs), it has little if any effect on beta-galactosidase expression. We postulate that this sequence is the operator recognized by the diploid-specific repressor.
Openness to experience is related to better memory ability in older adults with questionable dementia.

The personality traits Openness to experience and Neuroticism of the five-factor model have previously been associated with memory performance in nondemented older adults, but this relationship has not been investigated in samples with memory impairment. Our examination of 50 community-dwelling older adults (29 cognitively intact; 21 with questionable dementia as determined by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) showed that demographic variables (age, years of education, gender, and estimated premorbid IQ) and current depressive symptoms explained a significant amount of variance of Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status Delayed Memory (adjusted R 2 = 0.23). After controlling for these variables, a measure of global cognitive status further explained a significant portion of variance in memory performance (ΔR2 = 0.13; adjusted R 2 = 0.36; p < .01). Finally, adding Openness to this hierarchical linear regression model explained a significant additional portion of variance (ΔR2 = 0.08; adjusted R...
Reaction of rabbit skeletal myosin with D‐glucose 6‐phosphate

Incubation of rabbit skeletal myosin with 1 to 3 mM D-glucose 6-phosphate over a period of several hours resulted in the inhibition of the K(+)- and actin activated-ATPase activities. Substrate ATP (0.5-3 mM final concentration) protected the myosin against the loss of ATPase activity as induced by glucose 6-phosphate. This was also found for ADP. When the myosin was incubated with 3 mM [3H] labeled glucose 6-phosphate for 28 h. up to one mole of glucose 6-phosphate was incorporated per 4.7 x 10(5) g of myosin. A significant reduction in the labeling occurred in the presence of ATP. The labeling was limited to the heavy chain region as judged by gel electrophoresis which resolved the heavy and light chain components of myosin. The non-enzymatic glycation of myosin by glucose 6-phosphate is probably the primary cause for the observed loss of the ATPase activity of myosin. This effect may also occur physiologically modifying the activity of muscle contractile proteins particularly during prolonged hyperglycemia.
Relating seasonal patterns of the AVHRR vegetation index to simulated photosynthesis and transpiration of forests in different climates

Weekly AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values for 1983-1984 for seven sites of diverse climate in North America were correlated with results of an ecosystem simulation model of a hypothetical forest stand for the corresponding period at each site. The tendency of raw NDVI data to overpredict photosynthesis and transpiration on water limited sites was shown to be partially corrected by using an aridity index of annual radiation/annual precipitation. The results suggest that estimates of vegetation productivity using the global vegetation index are only accurate as annual integrations, unless unsubsampled local area coverage NDVI data can be tested against forest photosynthesis, transpiration and aboveground net primary production data measured at shorter time intervals.
Rosenbrock methods with an explicit first stage

Traditional Rosenbrock methods suffer from order reduction when applied to partial differential equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions and source terms. The paper studies a family of Rosenbrock schemes with an explicit first stage. This structure allows one to construct algorithms with high stage orders, and which do not suffer from order reduction. The paper discusses additional order conditions needed for linear stability, for using inexact Jacobians, and implementation aspects. Second-and third-order practical schemes are constructed, and their application to one-and two-dimensional partial differential equations test problems confirm the theoretical findings.
Human papillomavirus type 16 in a homosexual man. Association with perianal carcinoma in situ and condyloma acuminatum.

• Background.— The association of anal carcinoma with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infection is well documented. Anal carcinoma is also frequently associated with a history of anogenital condylomata. More than 90% of anogenital condylomata contain HPV type 6 or 11. It is rare for a condylomatous lesion to contain HPV 16. We report the unusual case of a homosexual man, testing positively for human immunodeficiency virus, with carcinoma in situ evolving within perianal condylomata infected with HPV 16. Observations.— Microscopic examination of tissue specimens from ulcerated verrucous lesions on the perianal mucosa revealed changes of classic condylomata acuminata with contiguous focal squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Testing for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization identified HPV 16 in both the condylomatous and carcinoma in situ areas. Conclusions.— The association of HPV 16—infected condylomata and adjacent carcinoma in situ implies that cutaneous genital condylomata may progress to high-grade lesions. Given that homosexual men are at high risk for perianal carcinomas, HPV typing of perianal condylomata specimens may help identify immunocompromised patients who are at risk for the development of carcinomas. (Arch Dermatol.1992;128:949-952)
Steroid-responsive intracranial germinoma presenting as Holmes' tremor: importance of a tissue diagnosis.

Holmes’ tremor (rubral or midbrain outflow tremor) refers to a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by mild resting and more severe postural and action tremor often with associated brainstem symptoms, dystonia and cerebellar deficits. This syndrome should prompt lesional evaluation with neuroimaging focused on the dorsal midbrain, cerebellar outflow tracts, and thalamus. Herein we report a 26-year-old previously healthy male who presented with 4 years of progressive horizontal diplopia, right Parinaud syndrome, and appendicular ataxia. Neuroimaging revealed a right dorsal midbrain enhancing lesion which completely resolved with intravenous methylprednisolone prompting a diagnosis of neuroinflammatory syndrome. Subsequent clinical and radiographic evaluations, however, revealed steadily progressive left dorsal midbrain syndrome with an expansile enhancing lesion which culminated 4 years from symptom onset with a right upper extremity low-frequency rest, postural and action tremor, ataxic dysarthria, and mild right dystonia with dysdiadochokinesia. Uncomplicated brainstem biopsy confirmed intracranial germinoma and the patient underwent definitive radiation therapy with dramatic radiographic response and partial clinical improvement. This case, which to our knowledge is only the second report of intracranial germinoma presenting as Holmes’ tremor, highlights the critical importance of definitive tissue diagnosis in the evaluation of lesional brainstem pathology presenting as Holmes’ tremor. Steroid responsiveness can be seen in non-inflammatory pathology including intracranial germinoma. Prompt evaluation and appropriate treatment are important as Holmes’ tremor responds poorly to symptomatic therapies and response to radiation therapy is favorable for germinomas.
Automatic generation of concise summaries of spoken dialogues in unrestricted domains

Automatic summarization of open domain spoken dialogues is a new research area. This paper introduces the task, the challenges involved, and presents an approach to obtain automatic extract summaries for multi-party dialogues of four different genres, without any restriction on domain. We address the following issues which are intrinsic to spoken dialogue summarization and typically can be ignored when summarizing written text such as newswire data: (i) detection and removal of speech disfluencies; (ii) detection and insertion of sentence boundaries; (iii) detection and linking of cross-speaker information units (question-answer pairs). A global system evaluation using a corpus of 23 relevance annotated dialogues containing 80 topical segments shows that for the two more informal genres, our summarization system using dialogue specific components significantly outperforms a baseline using TFIDF term weighting with maximum marginal relevance ranking (MMR).
Stroke Education in the Undergraduate Curriculum of US Medical Schools

Examination of the AAMC CurrMIT database, individual medical school web sites, results from the AAMC Medical School Graduation Questionnaire, and published literature produced little systematic information about how and where stroke education is provided in undergraduate medical school curricula. In 31 US medical schools that met criteria for inclusion in this review, cerebrovascular disease is directly addressed in an average of 4.8 sessions during the preclerkship curriculum. Fewer than 20% of these schools report that they address stroke prevention. Less data are available about the amount and content of stroke education in required clerkships. Approximately 80% of all US medical schools require a neurology clerkship or a clerkship in which neurologists participate; about half are scheduled in Year 3. Recommendations include defining a core competency in stroke for all graduating medical students, developing new approaches to enhance undergraduate training in stroke, and systematically gathering data about stroke education and its outcomes from multiple sources.
Experimental measurement of the thermal displacive properties of a large-angle twist grain boundary in gold.

Quantitative x-ray diffraction techniques have been used to estimate the mean square thermal displacements of atoms in the interface region, and to measure the thermal expansion coefficients parallel and normal to the interface plane for the large-angle $\ensuremath{\Sigma}=13$ ($\ensuremath{\theta}=22.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$) [001] twist grain boundary in Au. The thermal properties of the grain boundary are shown to be much different from those of the bulk material, which indicates that the effective interatomic potential for an atom in the grain boundary is different from that in bulk Au.