cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Industry Style Premiums

Size, value, and momentum are well known common factors to stock returns. I document size, value, and momentum premiums in industries are strongly correlated with themselves across industries. The correlation structures indicate strong common factor structure at the industry level. The strong correlation structures at the industry level suggest these styles cannot be explained at the industry level. The correlation structures are time-varying. The average correlation of size, value, and momentum may be interpreted as “industry connectedness” and be used to forecast macroeconomic variables.
In vitro activity of dalbavancin and five comparator agents against common and uncommon Gram-positive organisms isolated from cancer patients.

Dalbavancin is a long acting, bactericidal lipoglycopeptide. Its in vitro activity was compared with that of vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and levofloxacin against 241 Gram-positive organisms isolated from cancer patients. The rank order of potency for the glycopeptides based on MIC90 (μg ml−1), that is, the concentration of antimicrobial agent required to inhibit 90% of isolates tested was dalbavancin (0.12 μg ml−1)>daptomycin (1.0 μg ml−1)>vancomycin (2.0 μg ml−1) for coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus isolates (including methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains). Dalbavancin had potent activity against staphylococcal isolates with vancomycin MICs⩾1.0 μg ml−1. TMP/SMX also had potent activity against staphylococci including methicillin-resistant strains, whereas levofloxacin had moderate to poor anti-staphylococcal activity. Dalbavancin also exhibited more potent activity than vancomycin and daptomycin against Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp. and various streptococci (including Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci (VGS), beta-hemolytic streptococci and gamma-hemolytic streptococci). MBC determinations showed that dalbavancin had potent bactericidal activity against MRSA with no tolerance being detected. These data suggest that dalbavancin may be considered as an alternative to vancomycin, especially in institutions wherein a substantial proportion of infections are caused by organisms with vancomycin MICs⩾1.0 μg ml−1.
Importance of Uptake and Cellular Distribution of Iron in the Regulation of Intestinal Iron Absorption

In contrast to most other trace elements, iron is excreted on a very limited basis by the body. Consequently, the iron content in the body is regulated primarily by absorption and not by excretion (1). It has been demonstrated that the intestinal mucosa cell can rapidly adjust to decreases in the iron content of the diet and decreases in body iron stores to facilitate the absorption of a greater fraction of the iron present in the diet (2,3).
Facial Tridentate Ligands for Stabilizing Palladium(IV) Complexes

This paper describes the synthesis of a series of PdIV complexes containing modular monoanionic tridentate facially coordinated NNN and NNC donor ligands. In all cases, these complexes are stable to reductive elimination for a minimum of several days in solution at room temperature. With appropriately designed tridentate ligands, the PdIV adducts participate in both ligand substitution and C–H activation reactions. Overall, this work shows that unsymmetrical fac-L2X type ligands can serve as versatile and tunable scaffolds for modulating the reactivity of octahedral PdIV complexes.
Quantitative Examination of Aqueous Ferrocyanide Oxidation in a Carbon Nanotube Electrochemical Filter: Effects of Flow Rate, Ionic Strength, and Cathode Material

The unique conductivity, small diameter, and high specific surface area of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them suitable for a range of nontraditional electrode structures. For example, an electrochemically active CNT microfilter has been shown to be effective for water treatment. The forced convection through the 3D CNT electrode improves mass transfer relative to conventional 2D electrodes, but the effects of several solution and reactor parameters in this system are poorly understood because previous works focused on strongly sorbing organic species capable of undergoing several multielectron transfer reactions. Here, the use of Fe(CN)64–/3– as a model soluble and nonadsorbing redox system enabled a near complete accounting of the predominant electron transfer reactions of anodic Fe(CN)64– oxidation and cathodic water reduction to H2. Subsequently, the effects of liquid flow rate, electrolyte concentration, target molecule concentration, anode potential, and cathode material on anodic Fe(CN)64– oxidation ...
Getting it done at the ends: Pif1 family DNA helicases and telomeres

It is widely appreciated that the ends of linear DNA molecules cannot be fully replicated by the conventional replication apparatus. Less well known is that semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA also presents problems for DNA replication. These problems likely arise from the atypical chromatin structure of telomeres, the GC-richness of telomeric DNA that makes it prone to forming DNA secondary structures, and from RNA-DNA hybrids, formed by transcripts of one or both DNA strands. Given the different aspects of telomeres that complicate their replication, it is not surprising that multiple DNA helicases promote replication of telomeric DNA. This review focuses on one such class of DNA helicases, the Pif1 family of 5'-3' DNA helicases. In budding and fission yeasts, Pif1 family helicases impact both telomerase-mediated and semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA as well as recombination-mediated telomere lengthening.
Facial Blemishes and Their Treatment

An approach to head and neck skin lesions is presented as an alternative to excisional surgery. Dermaplaning, curettage, electrodesiccation, cryosurgery, and chemosurgery are presented as alternative approaches to the eradication of selective skin lesions.
“If You Build It, Will They Come?” Piloting a Multi-Day Collaborative Research Workshop within a Learning Management System

ABSTRACTResearch workshops are designed to help students develop skills that go beyond the scope of one-shot library sessions. However, with more students conducting research off-campus, online, and in the evening, workshops targeted towards complex skills and competencies are difficult to offer. But what if librarians were to design and deliver intensive workshops online? By removing the constraints of time and space, librarians can bring active learning and collaboration to an environment that meets student demand. This paper describes one research library's experience with the development, implementation, and assessment of a multi-day, asynchronous, online workshop, targeted at teaching “Effective Literature Review.”
The Hydrated Electron at the Surface of Neat Liquid Water Appears To Be Indistinguishable from the Bulk Species.

Experiments have suggested that the aqueous electron, e–(aq), may play a significant role in the radiation chemistry of DNA. A recent measurement of the energy (below vacuum level) of the putative “interfacial” hydrated electron at the water/vacuum interface, performed using liquid microjet photoelectron spectroscopy, has been interpreted to suggest that aqueous electrons at the water/biomolecule interface may possess the appropriate energetics to induce DNA strand breaks, whereas e–(aq) in bulk water lies too far below the vacuum level to induce such reactions. Other such experiments, however, find no evidence of a long-lived feature at low binding energy. We employ a variety of computational strategies to demonstrate that the energetics of the hydrated electron at the surface of neat liquid water are not significantly different from those of e–(aq) in bulk water and as such are incompatible with dissociative electron attachment reactions in DNA. We furthermore suggest that no stable interfacial species ...
Using Lake Bonneville Features to Calibrate In Situ Cosmogenic Nuclide Production Rates

Abstract Well-dated bedrock surfaces, lava flows, and deposits of very large boulders in northwestern Utah and southern Idaho associated with the highstand and subsequent catastrophic draining of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah, during the Bonneville flood have long been recognized as excellent locations for terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) production-rate calibration. The well-constrained independent chronology of the late Pleistocene lake cycle, in concert with negligible erosion of continually exposed surfaces and a wide variety of rock types providing appropriate target elements for TCN production, provides a firm basis for these calibrations. All commonly measured TCNs have been calibrated using landforms associated with Lake Bonneville, from some of the earliest studies to some of the most recent. This enables direct comparison of production rates for different nuclides from sites with similar exposure histories, imposing critical constraints on theoretical and empirical models of spatial and temporal variation in TCN production globally. Lake Bonneville thus continues to influence the field of TCN analysis in significant ways.
Patience, Persistence, and Process: Embedding a Campus-wide Information Literacy Program across the Curriculum

ABSTRACT This article discusses strategies for academic libraries to collaborate with faculty to institutionalize important information literacy training. The discussion is framed around a case study of a medium-sized academic institution in the United States that successfully embedded information literacy concepts into course-level learning outcomes for three required courses in a new core curriculum.
Verification of tropical cyclone deposits with oxygen isotope analyses of coeval ostracod valves

Reconstruction of prehistoric tropical cyclone (TC) activity often relies on the identification of distinctive overwash deposits (tempestites) in coastal lagoon sediments. Similar sediment deposits, however, can result from high-energy events other than TCs. In this study we assessed the utility of using the geochemistry of ostracod valves, specifically their stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), as a potential validation variable that could reduce the chances of misidentifying an overwash deposit as having been generated by a TC, when in fact it formed from another high-energy depositional process (type 1 error). We applied this technique to a sediment core recovered from Laguna Alejandro, Dominican Republic, which had already been analyzed for other sedimentary TC proxies. Negative δ18O anomalies identified in the ostracod valve stable isotope record are associated with TC deposits and are most easily explained by large influxes of 18O-depleted meteoric waters typical of intense tropical storms. There is potential for this technique to be used to identify TC landfalls that are not represented by overwash deposits. We, however, propose a more conservative approach and suggest this technique be used to validate the origin of a storm deposit and reduce the odds of a type 1 error.
Big data: Dimensions, evolution, impacts, and challenges

Abstract Big data represents a new technology paradigm for data that are generated at high velocity and high volume, and with high variety. Big data is envisioned as a game changer capable of revolutionizing the way businesses operate in many industries. This article introduces an integrated view of big data, traces the evolution of big data over the past 20 years, and discusses data analytics essential for processing various structured and unstructured data. This article illustrates the application of data analytics using merchant review data. The impacts of big data on key business performances are then evaluated. Finally, six technical and managerial challenges are discussed.
Feasibility of a cognitive strategy training intervention for people with Parkinson's disease

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of a novel client-centered cognitive strategy training intervention for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Materials and methods: This was a case series of...
Salicylate-induced hyperacusis in rats: Dose- and frequency-dependent effects.

The use of auditory reaction time is a reliable measure of loudness perception in both animals and humans with reaction times (RT) decreasing with increasing stimulus intensity. Since abnormal loudness perception is a common feature of hyperacusis, a potentially debilitating auditory disorder in which moderate-intensity sounds are perceived as uncomfortable or painfully loud, we used RT measures to assess rats for salicylate-induced hyperacusis. A previous study using an operant conditioning RT procedure found that high-dose sodium salicylate (SS) induced hyperacusis-like behavior, i.e., faster than normal RTs to moderate and high level sounds, when rats were tested with broadband noise stimuli. However, it was not clear from that study if salicylate induces hyperacusis-like behavior in a dose- or frequency-dependent manner. Therefore, the goals of the current study were to determine how RT-intensity functions were altered by different doses of salicylate, and, using tone bursts, to determine if salicylate induces hyperacusis-like behavior across the entire frequency spectrum or only at certain frequencies. Similar to previous physiological studies, we began to see faster than normal RTs for sounds 60 dB SPL and greater with salicylate doses of 150 mg/kg and higher; indicating the rats were experiencing hyperacusis at high salicylate doses. In addition, high-dose salicylate significantly reduced RTs across all stimulus frequencies tested which suggests that a central neural excitability mechanism may be a potential driver of salicylate-induced changes in loudness perception and hyperacusis.
Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence.

Abstract Background Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) may alter responses to stress. Children with PCE tend to grow up in suboptimal caregiving environments, conducive to child maltreatment (CM). Guided by the diathesis-stress model, the present study examined differences in self-reported responses to stress and coping in adolescents with and without PCE and explored whether childhood maltreatment (CM) moderated the effects of PCE. Methods Adolescents ( N = 363; 184 PCE, 179 non-cocaine exposed (NCE)), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth. The Responses to Stress Questionnaire was used to assess volitional coping (primary control, secondary control, disengagement) and involuntary responses (involuntary engagement, involuntary disengagement) to stress at the 15- and 17-year follow-up visits. CM was assessed retrospectively at age 17 using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results Findings from longitudinal mixed model analyses indicated that PCE was associated with poorer coping strategies only among adolescents with a history of CM. Adolescents with PCE who experienced CM reported less dominant use of primary (e.g., problem solving, emotional regulation) and secondary control (e.g., cognitive restructuring) and more dominant use of disengagement (e.g., denial, avoidance) and involuntary disengagement (e.g., inaction) than adolescents with PCE who did not experience CM or NCE adolescents regardless of CM. CM was associated with more dominant use of involuntary engagement (e.g., intrusive thoughts). Conclusions PCE may increase sensitivity to CM, predisposing increased vulnerability to environmental risk. Continued studies into adulthood will elucidate how coping and involuntary stress responses affect social, vocational, and behavioral adjustment.
National trends in cholangiocarcinoma in the United States (US): 2000-2014.

e13056Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) arise from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Although rare in the US, they are highly lethal because most are locally ...
Readability of financial advisor disclosures

Abstract We explore the readability of 30,000 registered investment advisor disclosures and find that these disclosures are written to a college reading level. This finding suggests it will be challenging for the average person to read a typical disclosure, which can lead to misunderstandings regarding conflicts of interest, fee structures, and the advisor’s background. Moreover, there may be agency problems, and uninformed investors may also be deterred from seeking financial advice. The readability of these disclosures has decreased over the past seven years. These results are consistent among four different readability proxies and contradict SEC requirements for “plain English” language in disclosures, specifically for firms providing financial planning services to individuals.
Comparison study on general methods for modeling lifetime data with covariates

Lifetime data with covariates (e.g., temperature, humidity, and electric current) are frequently seen in science and engineering. An important example is accelerated life testing (ALT) data. In ALT, test units of a product are exposing to severer-than-normal conditions to expedite product failure. The resulting lifetime and/or censoring data with covariates are often modeled by a probability distribution along with a life-stress relationship. However, if the probability distribution and the life-stress relationship selected cannot adequately describe the underlying failure process, the resulting reliability prediction will be misleading. This paper develops a new method for modeling lifetime data with covariates using phase-type (PH) distributions and a general life-stress relationship formulation. A numerical study is presented to compare the performance of this method with a mixture of Weibull distributions model. This general method creates a new direction for modeling and analyzing lifetime data with covariates for situations where the data-generating mechanisms are unknown or difficult to analyze using existing parametric ALT models and statistical tools.
Management of Recurrent Paraesophageal Hernia

Laparoscopy has become the standard approach for management of most benign foregut disease including antireflux and hiatal hernia repair. Anatomic recurrence after repair of paraesophageal hernias is high, however, the clinical significance of such findings seems to be less relevant [1]. Reoperative foregut surgery has a significantly higher morbidity and mortality than their primary counterparts. Fortunately, recurrence leading to reintervention is far less common, with a 10 year cumulative risk close to 7% [2].
“Bye, Bye Life”: All That Jazz (1979)

Film critics and scholars have dubbed All That Jazz the “death and dance” film. What is surprising about this end of life film is that it has escaped the attention of most clinical ethicists, and is generally never listed or mentioned as a “bioethics” film per se.
Chapter 47 – Autoimmunity – Endocrine

This chapter discusses endocrine autoimmunity, with a particular focus on the autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Autoimmune diseases are characterized by autoreactive lymphocytes that can cause a spectrum of disease pathology, either through the formation of antibodies that react against host tissues or effector T cells that are specific for endogenous self-peptides. Endocrine autoimmune disorders, however, are largely organ specific and sometimes cell type specific. Thyroid disorders are the most common of the autoimmune endocrinopathies with Graves' disease (GD) being the most prevalent of all autoimmune diseases. Graves' disease is typically marked by a thyrotoxic state and gland enlargement (goiter) and is the result of a predominantly stimulating autoimmune process. In contrast, autoimmune thyroiditis represents a spectrum of clinical outcomes that predominantly result in a hypothyroid state. Animal models are developed for each of the autoimmune endocrinopathies with some success. These models have greatly advanced the understanding of the effector mechanisms involved in disease expression and have allowed investigation into defining the important serologic markers of each disease.
Israeli Fair Use from an American Perspective

This is a chapter (in Hebrew) in an anthology on Israel's recent comprehensive copyright statute revision, the Copyright Law-2007. The chapter focuses on Section 19 of the new law, which closely tracks Section 107, the fair use provision, of the U.S. Copyright Act. In codifying U.S. fair use doctrine, Israel's legislature has replaced the narrower "fair dealing" doctrine found in Israel's prior copyright statute, the Copyright Law-1911, making Israel only the second country, after the Philippines, to adopt U.S. fair use law in its copyright statute. Moreover, Israel's new copyright statute essentially completes the move from fair dealing to fair use that the Israeli Supreme Court had already initiated in 1993 in its ruling in Geva v. Walt Disney Co. Of great significance for how fair use will be applied in Israel, American case law and commentary features two distinct, mutually opposing understandings of the fair use doctrine. The "market approach" views fair use as a narrow, anomalous exception to the copyright holder's exclusive and broad proprietary rights, an exception available only in instances where voluntary licensing is prevented by insurmountable market failure. In contrast, the "expressive diversity approach" views fair use as a central component, not an anomalous exception, to the copyright regime. It places great weight on whether the defendant's use is "transformative," in other words whether the use serves a fundamentally different purpose than that for which the plaintiff's copyrighted work was created and whether that purpose serves copyright law's overall goal of promoting the dissemination of knowledge and a diversity of expression. In recent years, the expressive diversity approach appears to be in the ascendancy over the market approach in U.S. case law, as evident in cases such as Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. and Perfect 10 v. Amazon. It remains to be seen whether this trend will continue. In any event, given the Israeli Supreme Court's analysis in Geva v. Walt Disney Co., which approvingly cited U.S. case law favoring transformative uses, and Interlego A/S v. Exin Line Bros., which held that copyright's purpose is to promote expressive diversity and that copyrights must be appropriately tailored to serve that end, Israeli courts should be considerably more receptive to the expressive diversity approach to fair use than to the market approach.
Laser Raman Microprobe Study of the Identification and Thermal Transformations of Some Carbonate and Aluminosilicate Minerals

Raman microprobe spectroscopy is a recently developed technique1–6 that can give molecular information on a microscopic scale. It covers the complete spectrum of lattice and molecular vibrations and extends the tools of vibrational spectroscopy for chemical and structural studies to the microscopic domain. Information can be derived for both inorganic and organic samples, whether crystalline or amorphous and whether transparent or opaque. The samples can be solids or liquids, e.g. liquid inclusions in minerals.3 Thus, the Raman microprobe is unique in many of its capabilities and complements the techniques of scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis that provide sizes and shapes, which the Raman microprobe can also provide, and elemental compositions of single particles in the micrometer size range.
GHR Knockout and the CNS

The GHR −/− mouse has proven to be a useful and unique model to study the role of GH on growth, development, and function of the CNS. GHR−/− mice show a relative increase in the size of the brain and pituitary with concomitant changes in the morphology of these tissues. The disruption of GH signaling alters the feedback mechanisms that control GH expression. This results in changes in expression of several hypothalamic proteins that influence GH expression and also results in structural changes in the pituitary. Several measures of motorneuron development were unaltered in the GHR−/− mouse, indicating this is a GH-independent process. An examination of the brain of GHR−/− animals shows increased neuron cell density and hypoplasia of glial cells compared to controls. The single investigation of cognition in these animals has shown protection from age-related decline in memory in the GHR−/− mice. There is a great opportunity to use these mice to facilitate further research into the role GH plays in neural development and function.
Leveraging Servant Leadership Power

Personal power is the ability of a person to act versus the ability to get someone else to act. Therefore, it is essential that servant leaders understand how power is necessary for effective leadership. Servant leaders have been so fearful of the abuse of power that they often consider it in totally negative terms. One result of this is that leaders refuse to admit that they have personal leadership power and therefore must use that power to benefit and serve others. Various theories of power are presented and contrasted to this practical and usable view of personal leveraged leadership power.
Classification of suspicious lesions on prostate multiparametric MRI using machine learning

We present a radiomics-based approach developed for the SPIE-AAPM-NCI PROSTATEx challenge. The task was to classify clinically significant prostate cancer in multiparametric (mp) MRI. Data consisted of a "training dataset" (330 suspected lesions from 204 patients) and a "test dataset" (208 lesions/140 patients). All studies included T2-weighted (T2-W), proton density-weighted, dynamic contrast enhanced, and diffusion-weighted imaging. Analysis of the images was performed using the MIM imaging platform (MIM Software, Cleveland, Ohio). Prostate and peripheral zone contours were manually outlined on the T2-W images. A workflow for rigid fusion of the aforementioned images to T2-W was created in MIM. The suspicious lesion was outlined using the high b-value image. Intensity and texture features were extracted on four imaging modalities and characterized using nine histogram descriptors: 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness (216 features). Three classification methods were used: classification and regression trees (CART), random forests, and adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). In the held out by the organizers test dataset, the areas under the curve (AUCs) were: 0.82 (random forests), 0.76 (CART), and 0.76 (adaptive LASSO). AUC of 0.82 was the fourth-highest score of 71 entries (32 teams) and the highest for feature-based methods.
Mineral vs. organic matter supply as a limiting factor for the formation of mineral-associated organic matter in forest and agricultural soils.

Abstract Physical and chemical interactions between soil organic matter (OM) and minerals is one of the primary mechanisms for stabilizing OM in terrestrial ecosystems. Focusing on OM association with mineral surfaces, this study sought to examine mineral-associated OM from the perspectives of both mineral surface characteristics and organic matter chemistry. The research was conducted at paired-sites under North American Mid-Atlantic Coastal forest and crop production with shared environmental factors. Using carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) 1s micro- X-ray absorption near-edge fine structure (XANES) spectroscopy, we investigated the amounts and types of mineral-associated OM. Mineral specific surface area (SSA) of bulk soil was determined for three conditions: untreated, post OM removal and post iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides removal. Amounts of mineral-associated OM were smaller in the agricultural soil, where greater SSA sourced from clay-sized phyllosilicates and Fe (oxyhydr)oxide minerals did not result in greater OM coverage of the mineral surface area. Although agricultural surface soil showed less abundance of phenolic C, speciation of mineral-associated OM did not differ between comparable horizons. Our results suggest that despite the plow-derived mixing of soil, which increased SSA and secondary minerals available to interact physically and chemically with OM in the plowed layer, the formation of mineral-associated OM in agricultural soil is ultimately limited by available OM.
A General Reactive Algorithm for Redirected Walking Using Artificial Potential Functions

Redirected walking enables users to locomote naturally within a virtual environment that is larger than the available physical space. These systems depend on steering algorithms that continuously redirect users within limited real world boundaries. While a majority of the most recent research has focused on predictive algorithms, it is often necessary to utilize reactive approaches when the user's path is unconstrained. Unfortunately, previously proposed reactive algorithms assume a completely empty space with convex boundaries and perform poorly in complex real world spaces containing obstacles. To overcome this limitation, we present Push/Pull Reactive (P2R), a novel algorithm that uses an artificial potential function to steer users away from potential collisions. We also introduce three new reset strategies and conducted an experiment to evaluate which one performs best when used with P2R. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art reactive algorithm in non-convex spaces with and without interior obstacles.
TCT-554 Laser Atherectomy and Drug-Coated Balloons for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal In-Stent Restenosis: 2-Year Outcomes.

Femoropopliteal (FP) artery is probably the most commonly treated vascular territory, but also one of the most anatomically challenging areas for interventionalists. The incidence of FP In-stent restenosis (ISR) is best estimated at 50% at 24 months. Drug coated balloon (DCB) has been shown to be
Surface Technologies in Spinal Fusion

Patients with symptomatic instability of the spine may be treated surgically with interbody fusion. Cost and complexity in this procedure arises owing to the implanted materials involved with facilitating fusion such as titanium or polyetheretherketone. Surface modifications have been developed to augment these base materials such as plasma-spraying polyetheretherketone with titanium or coating implants with hydroxyapatite. Although some evidence has been gathered on these novel materials, additional study is needed to establish the true efficacy of surface modifications for interbody fusion devices in improving long-term patient outcomes.
Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Task Performance Following Chronic Sleep Restriction and Systemic Caffeine Administration

Background: Chronic sleep restriction and performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) have been well documented in humans. Results demonstrate significantly impaired PVT performance. An ana...
Update on penicillin allergy delabeling.

Purpose of review To review phenotyping and risk classification of penicillin allergy and provide an update on penicillin allergy delabeling strategies for primary care. Recent findings Beta-lactams are considered the treatment of choice for a wide range of bacterial pathogens; however, many patients receive second-line agents due to being labeled as having an allergy to penicillin. This approach can lead to antibiotic resistance and inferior health outcomes. While 10% of the population is labeled as penicillin allergic, penicillin anaphylaxis occurs in less than 1% of patients. For patients with delayed benign skin rashes (e.g., urticaria or maculopapular exanthem >1 h after administration) attributable to beta-lactam administration occurring more than 12 months ago, direct oral challenge (rechallenge with antibiotic in the clinical setting) can be a safe and effective strategy, with immediate reactions occurring in less than 5% of such low-risk patients and delayed reactions appearing infrequently. In patients with penicillin-associated immediate urticaria, other IgE-mediated features, or anaphylaxis, further allergy evaluation and penicillin skin testing is warranted. Any severe idiosyncratic cutaneous adverse reaction is rare, but can be dangerous so prompt removal of the inciting agent is required. Summary Penicillin allergy delabeling is a high-value service that can be effectively delivered through a multidisciplinary collaborative approach.
Updated 5-year local control (LC), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS) data from a phase I study of nilotinib plus radiation (RT) in high-risk chordoma.

e23505Background: Chordomas are malignant tumors arising from remnant notochordal tissue. Despite improved local control with preoperative/postoperative RT, progression-free survival and OS remain ...
100 MHz Wireless Power Transfer for Lightweight UAVs and Agile Robots

Wireless power transfer for lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and agile robots require relatively long transfer distances, tolerance to misalignment, light weight, and high power. In this paper, we show that operating at VHF (very-high-frequency) together with segmenting air-core coils using discrete capacitors and driving each segment separately is an effective method to achieve these goals. An active-to-passive segmented (APS) WPT system with eight primitive current-mode class D (CMCD) converters was demonstrated to operate at 100 MHz with 6W output power with 69% end-to-end drain (dc-dc) efficiency; 10W output power with 65% end-to-end drain (dc-dc) efficiency both at 4 cm transfer distance using an active segmented CMCD inverter and a passive segmented CMCD rectifier.
Physical properties and thermal stability of Fe 5 -x GeTe 2 single crystals

The magnetic and transport properties of Fe-deficient ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{5}{\mathrm{GeTe}}_{2}$ single crystals (${\mathrm{Fe}}_{5\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{GeTe}}_{2}$ with $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.3$) were studied and the impact of thermal processing was explored. Quenching crystals from the growth temperature has been previously shown to produce a metastable state that undergoes a strongly hysteretic first-order transition upon cooling below $\ensuremath{\approx}100$ K. The first-order transition impacts the magnetic properties, yielding an enhancement in the Curie temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ from 270 to 310 K. In the present work, ${T}_{HT}\ensuremath{\approx}550$ K has been identified as the temperature above which metastable crystals are obtained via quenching. Diffraction experiments reveal a structural change at this temperature, and significant stacking disorder occurs when samples are slowly cooled through this $T$ range. The transport properties are demonstrated to be similar regardless of the crystal's thermal history. The scattering of charge carriers appears to be dominated by moments fluctuating on the Fe(1) sublattice, which remain dynamic down to $\ensuremath{\approx}100--120$ K. Maxima in the magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall resistance are observed near 120 K. The Hall and Seebeck coefficients are also impacted by magnetic ordering on the Fe(1) sublattice. The data suggest that both electrons and holes contribute to conduction above 120 K, but that electrons dominate at lower $T$ when all of the Fe sublattices are magnetically ordered. This study demonstrates a strong coupling of the magnetism and transport properties in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{5\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{GeTe}}_{2}$ and complements the previous results that demonstrated strong magnetoelastic coupling as the Fe(1) moments order.
On packet classification using a decision-tree ensemble

Different traffic flows get treated differently at routers, depending on the descriptions they fit as well as rules set by network administrators. Today's routers have their work cut out having to categorize these incoming flows based on preconfigured administrative policies. Purely hardware-based traffic classification solutions are expensive, of low capacity and consume a lot of power. This paper proposes the use of machine learning techniques to classify these flows for appropriate action in Software-Defined Networks.
Prescription opioid use and laboratory value derangements: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

Background The use of opioids for the treatment of pain is a risk versus benefit analysis and metabolic disease is an often overlooked variable in the equation and may lead to increased risk of comorbidities of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and diabetes. Objectives Our objective was to identify and describe abnormalities among the comprehensive metabolic and lipid panels of individuals taking prescription opioids. Study design We performed a cross-sectional study of the laboratory values with 3 cycles (2011-2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in March 2020. Setting NHANES sampling is conducted using a multistaged, stratified, cluster sampling technique to create a representative sample of the United States. Methods We excluded patients with histories of cancer and under the age of 25 years. Our final sample size was 11,061 (n = 162,547,635), with 797 reportedly using a prescription opioid in the past 30 days-a weighted percent representing 22.95% of the US population. Our analyses identified mean differences in biomarkers between individuals taking prescription opioids and the US population. Results Laboratory values from the comprehensive metabolic panel were all within reference ranges for both groups, with only bilirubin levels being statistically lower in the group currently taking prescription opioids. Values from the lipid panel of both the opioid using and comparison groups were above reference range for total cholesterol and fasting glucose. The opioid using group was also higher than the reference range for triglycerides (mean [M] = 165.4, standard deviation [SD] = 14.2) and insulin (M = 15.5, SD = 2.2), whereas the comparison group was not. The oral glucose measure was within normal ranges for both groups; however, the opioid using group was 13.7 points higher than the comparison group (M = 122.3, SD = 1.8; M = 108.6, SD = 4.0; P Limitations While our study uses a large sample for a robust generalizable analysis it is a correlation study and a longitudinal cohort would provide better evidence linking potential disease states to prescription opioid use. Conclusions Although all Americans should be alarmed at the lipid levels reported in this study, specific combinations of heightened lipid laboratory values among prescription opioid users accelerate the trajectories toward comorbidities-heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes-leading to diminished quality of life. Therefore pain management and comprehensive drug recovery programs should include nutritional counseling and physical activity as part of their overall treatment plan.
Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder a Risk Syndrome for Parkinson's Disease?

ABSTRACT Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risk for diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The evidence reviewed here indicates that deficits in striatal dopamine are a shared component of the causal chains that produce these disorders. Neuropsychological studies of adult ADHD, prodromal PD, and early-stage PD reveal similar deficits in executive functions, memory, attention, and inhibition that are mediated by similar neural substrates. These and other findings are consistent with the possibility that ADHD may be part of the PD prodrome. The mechanisms that may mediate the association between PD and ADHD include neurotoxic effects of stimulants, other environmental exposures, and Lewy pathology. Understanding the nature of the association between PD and ADHD may provide insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of both disorders. The possible contribution of stimulants to this association may have important clinical and public health implications.
Ascorbic Acid Prevents Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Electronic Hookah (Waterpipe) Vaping.

Background Electronic hookah (e-hookah) vaping has increased in popularity among youth, who endorse unsubstantiated claims that flavored aerosol is detoxified as it passes through water. However, e-hookahs deliver nicotine by creating an aerosol of fine and ultrafine particles and other oxidants that may reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide and impair endothelial function secondary to formation of oxygen-derived free radicals. Methods and Results We examined the acute effects of e-hookah vaping on endothelial function, and the extent to which increased oxidative stress contributes to the vaping-induced vascular impairment. Twenty-six healthy young adult habitual hookah smokers were invited to vape a 30-minute e-hookah session to evaluate the impact on endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). To test for oxidative stress mediation, plasma total antioxidant capacity levels were measured and the effect of e-hookah vaping on FMD was examined before and after intravenous infusion of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (n=11). Plasma nicotine and exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured before and after the vaping session. Measurements were performed before and after sham-vaping control experiments (n=10). E-hookah vaping, which increased plasma nicotine (+4.93±0.92 ng/mL, P<0.001; mean±SE) with no changes in exhaled carbon monoxide (-0.15±0.17 ppm; P=0.479), increased mean arterial pressure (11±1 mm Hg, P<0.001) and acutely decreased FMD from 5.79±0.58% to 4.39±0.46% (P<0.001). Ascorbic acid infusion, which increased plasma total antioxidant capacity 5-fold, increased FMD at baseline (5.98±0.66% versus 9.46±0.87%, P<0.001), and prevented the acute FMD impairment by e-hookah vaping (9.46±0.87% versus 8.74±0.84%, P=0.002). All parameters were unchanged during sham studies. Conclusions E-hookah vaping has adverse effects on vascular function, likely mediated by oxidative stress, which overtime could accelerate development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Registration URL: https://ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03690427.
The Promise and Pitfalls of Administration: Black Political Scientists as Deans and Department Chairs.

This is a proposal for a professional round table. The purpose of this professional development panel is to discuss the experiences of a group of Black political scientists who have served or are serving as higher education administrators at the dean (or associate dean) or department chair levels. While there is a critical need for greater diversity within the ranks of college and university administration, there are personal and professional factors we as Black political scientists must consider when contemplating assuming such appointments, particularly when we are tenured but not yet full professors. Sharing insights for public and private PWI's as well as the HBCU experience, the panelists will begin by addressing the following questions: (a) what can we clearly do as administrators to lead on a range of issues that is less possible as a faculty member; (b) when (if at all) should one consider assuming a higher administration position; and (c) how is it possible to not be 'trapped' by service in ways that limit your promotion and research/teaching goals? We believe this panel will provide a lively engaging interaction, most especially as we draw upon the experiences of others who are part of the audience. Todd Shaw (Chair, Department of Political Science at University of South Carolina) will serve as the moderator for this panel. The following persons will serve as the panel: Wendy Smooth, Associate Dean for Diversity and Inclusion, College of Arts & Sciences, Ohio State University Pearl K. Dowe, Chair, Department of Political Science, University of Arkansas Andra Gillespie, Director, James Weldon Johnson Institute, Emory University Tyson King-Meadows, Associate Dean, University of Maryland Baltimore County David Wilson, Associate Dean, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Delaware D'Andra Orey, former Chair, Department of Political Science, Jackson State University
Accountability, Secrecy, and Innovation in AI-Enabled Clinical Decision Software

Employing analytical and empirical tools, this article investigates the intricate interrelationship of trade secrecy, accountability, and innovation incentives in clinical decision software enabled by machine learning (ML-CD). While trade secrecy can provide incentives for innovation, it can also diminish the ability of third parties to adjudicate risk and benefit responsibly. However, the type of information FDA and adopters are asking for, and developers are willing to provide, itself represents something of a black box. Our article shines light into the black box. We find that developers regard secrecy over training data and details of the trained model as central to competitive advantage. Some believe uncertainty regarding the availability and enforceability of patents in ML-CD contributes to secrecy. Meanwhile, neither FDA nor adopters are currently asking for these types of details. Additionally, in some cases, it is not clear whether developers are being asked to provide rigorous evidence of performance. FDA, developers, and adopters could all do more to promote information flow, particularly as ML-CD models move into areas of higher risk. Specifically, FDA and developers could, without sacrificing innovation incentives, release summary information regarding training data and process. Moreover, particularly for higher risk cases, FDA and adopters could ask for evidence of performance on completely independent data sets. Consistent with protecting trade secrecy, FDA could also set up procedures by which to ask for full details regarding data and models.
An update on the pathology of collecting duct & papillary renal cell carcinoma with a discussion of SNP-Arrays as an emerging laboratory technique

Abstract The diagnostic criteria and management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved significantly in the last two decades. Increased molecular profiling of RCC has yielded further refinement of existing diagnostic categories. This is particularly true for papillary RCC, which has evolved into multiple molecularly distinct entities. Collecting duct carcinoma, on the other hand, continues to be defined based on traditional histology-based criteria, although it is now possible to exclude various categories of tumors that share overlapping morphologic features. In this context, it is important to note that pathology laboratories have varying degrees of access to complex molecular technologies required to profile tumors in routine clinical practice. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based copy number profiling represents one modality of testing which is becoming widely available and is being increasingly utilized to profile renal tumors. In this special Seminars issue, we explore the evolution of Collecting Duct & Papillary RCC as diagnostic entities, with a detailed discussion of SNP array-based copy number profiling in contemporary clinical practice.
Evidentiary and Theoretical Foundations for Virtual Simulation in Nursing Education

Virtual simulation has been used extensively in nursing education since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the unavailability of clinical sites. Extant research supports substitution of up to 50% of nursing clinical hours with simulation. However, in many nursing programs virtual simulation is currently substituting more than half of traditional clinical hours, and the knowledge gaps and limitations surrounding virtual simulation exist. The purpose of this paper is to describe the evidentiary and theoretical foundations for virtual simulation. Through examination of adult learning theories, learning styles and Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, recommendations for maximizing the use of virtual simulation in the current clinical learning environment are outlined. Debriefing is a vital component of virtual simulation. Synchronous debriefing with nursing students, faculty, preceptors, and peers provides the opportunity for scaffolding to support students' learning needs and foster reflection and evaluation to mitigate shortcomings of virtual simulation in the current clinical learning environment.