cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A random construction for permutation codes and the covering radius

We analyse a probabilistic argument that gives a semi-random construction for a permutation code on n symbols with distance n ? s and size ?(s!(log n)1/2), and a bound on the covering radius for sets of permutations in terms of a certain frequency parameter.
Identification and characterization of a short 2′–3′ bond-forming ribozyme

A large number of natural and artificial ribozymes have been isolated since the demonstration of the catalytic potential of RNA, with the majority of these catalyzing phosphate hydrolysis or transesterification reactions. Here, we describe and characterize an extremely short ribozyme that catalyzes the positionally specific transesterification that produces a 2′–3′ phosphodiester bond between itself and a branch substrate provided in trans, cleaving itself internally in the process. Although this ribozyme was originally derived from constructs based on snRNAs, its minimal catalytic motif contains essentially no snRNA sequence and the reaction it catalyzes is not directly related to either step of pre-mRNA splicing. Our data have implications for the intrinsic reactivity of the large amount of RNA sequence space known to be transcribed in nature and for the validity and utility of the use of protein-free systems to study pre-mRNA splicing.
Warmth and Competence on the Witness Stand: Implications for the Credibility of Male and Female Expert Witnesses

In this study, we examined how manipulations of likeability and knowledge affected mock jurors' perceptions of female and male expert witness credibility (n = 290). Our findings extend the person-perception literature by demonstrating how warmth and competence overlap with existing conceptions of likeability and knowledge in the psycholegal domain. We found that experts high in likeability, knowledge, or both were perceived equally positively, regardless of gender, in a death penalty sentencing context. Gender differences emerged when the expert was low in likeability or knowledge. In these conditions the male expert was perceived more positively than the comparable female expert. Although intermediate judgments (e.g., perceptions of credibility) were affected by our manipulations, ultimate decisions (e.g., sentencing) were not. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Spins and Loops: Linking Myocardial T1 Time to Invasively-Measured Hemodynamics

Among the current armamentarium of cardiac imaging techniques, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is superior in its ability to characterize the composition of myocardial tissue. CMR has the capacity to noninvasively quantify abnormal areas of edema [(1)][1], intra- and extracellular fat [(2
Naloxone Triggering the RRT: A Human Antidote?

At our institution, we observed an increase in opioid-related adverse events after instituting a new pain treatment protocol. To prevent this, we programmed the Omnicell drug dispensing system to page the RRT whenever naloxone was withdrawn on the general wards. Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database with a before and after design. When comparing the two 12-month periods, there was a decrease in monthly opioid-related cardiac arrests from 0.75 to 0.25 per month (difference = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.04–0.96, P = 0.03) and a nearly significant decrease in code deaths from 0.25 to 0 per month (difference = −0.25; 95% CI, −0.02–0.52, P = 0.07) without a significant decrease in pain satisfaction scores (difference = −2.3; 95% CI, −4.4 to 9.0, P = 0.48) over the study period. There were also decreased RRT interventions from 7.3 to 5.6 per month (difference = −1.7; 95% CI, −0.31 to −3.03, P = 0.02) and decreased inpatient transfers from 2.9 to 1.8 transfers per month (difference = −1.2; 95% CI, −0.38 to −1.96, P = 0.005). When adjusting for inpatient admissions and inpatient days, there was a decrease in opioid-related cardiac arrests from 2.9 to 0.1 per 10,000 admissions (difference = −2.0; 95% CI, −0.2 to −3.8, P = 0.03) and a decrease in cardiac arrests from 0.5 to 0.2 per 10,000 patients (difference = −0.34; 95% CI, −.02 to −0.65, P = 0.04). Naloxone-triggered activation of the RRT resulted in reduced opioid-related inpatient cardiac arrests without adversely affecting pain satisfaction scores.
Web-based follow-up after total joint arthroplasty proves to be cost-effective, but is it safe? commentary on an article by Jacquelyn Marsh, PhD, et al.: "Economic evaluation of web-based compared with in-person follow-up after total joint arthroplasty".

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions seen and treated by orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. With mean life expectancy continuing to increase and an ongoing obesity epidemic, the incidence of osteoarthritis is only expected to increase in the future. Total joint arthroplasty is a cost-effective procedure to reduce pain and improve function in patients with advanced osteoarthritis. However, with the increasing demand for this procedure, wait times for the surgery continue to increase. It is projected that approximately 4 million total hip and knee arthroplasties will be performed per year in the United States alone by the year 20301. This increase is associated with an overall increase in health-care costs. In their study, Marsh et al. aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of web-based follow-up after total joint arthroplasty with that of in-person follow-up. They randomized 229 patients to receive one of these two methods of follow-up and recorded travel costs, time required by the patient, and resource use during the first year of follow-up. They performed a cost analysis from the payer (Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care) perspective and also from the societal perspective. They reported several important findings. First, they found a reduction in costs (reported in Canadian dollars) from the payer perspective for the patients who …
Analysis on power quality of grid connected doubly fed induction generator and improvement

The grid connection model of doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) is established in DIGSILENT and the simulations under condition of three-phase voltages unbalance at point of common coupling(PCC) are conducted.It revealed that great negative-sequence component at PCC are existed while three-phase voltages are in unbalance and static var compensator(SVC) is required to control the unbalance for compensation at PCC.Simulation results indicated that SVC has ability of decreasing unbalanced factor of electrical quantities of DFIG effectively and improv-ing power quality at PCC.
Percutaneous Nephrostomy Drainage in the Treatment of Severe Hemorrhagic Cystitis

AbstractWe report on 2 patients who underwent urinary diversion with bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy tube drainage for intractable hemorrhagic cystitis. Both patients received cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy and 1 also underwent pelvic irradiation for locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma. In each case the bleeding gradually ceased during a 1-week period. Both patients were alive at 6 months and were voiding spontaneously. We propose that the mechanism of treatment involves diverting endogenous urokinase as well as avoiding overdistention of the bladder.
WE‐FG‐BRB‐01: Clinical Significance of RBE Variations in Proton Therapy

The physical pattern of energy deposition and the enhanced relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons and carbon ions compared to photons offer unique and not fully understood or exploited opportunities to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy. Variations in RBE within a pristine or spread out Bragg peak and between particle types may be exploited to enhance cell killing in target regions without a corresponding increase in damage to normal tissue structures. In addition, the decreased sensitivity of hypoxic tumors to photon-based therapies may be partially overcome through the use of more densely ionizing radiations. These and other differences between particle and photon beams may be used to generate biologically optimized treatments that reduce normal tissue complications. In this symposium, speakers will examine the impact of the RBE of charged particles on measurable biological endpoints, treatment plan optimization, and the prediction or retrospective assessment of treatment outcomes. In particular, an AAPM task group was formed to critically examine the evidence for a spatially-variant RBE in proton therapy. Current knowledge of proton RBE variation with respect to dose, biological endpoint, and physics parameters will be reviewed. Further, the clinical relevance of these variations will be discussed. Recent work focused on improving simulations of radiation physics and biological response in proton and carbon ion therapy will also be presented. Finally, relevant biology research and areas of research needs will be highlighted, including the dependence of RBE on genetic factors including status of DNA repair pathways, the sensitivity of cancer stem-like cells to charged particles, the role of charged particles in hypoxic tumors, and the importance of fractionation effects. In addition to the physical advantages of protons and more massive ions over photons, the future application of biologically optimized treatment plans and their potential to provide higher levels of local tumor control and improved normal tissue sparing will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.To assess whether the current practice of a constant RBE of 1.1 should be revised or maintained in proton therapy and to evaluate the potential clinical consequences of delivering RBE-weighted dose distributions based on variable RBE 2.To review current research on biological models used to predict the increased biological effectiveness of proton and carbon ions to help move towards a practical understanding and implementation of biological optimization in particle therapy 3.To discuss potential differences in biological mechanisms between photons and charged particles (light and heavy ions) that could impact clinical cancer therapy H. Paganetti, NCI U19 CA21239D. Grosshans, Our research is supported by the NCIK. Held, Funding Support: National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, USA, under Award Number R21CA182259 and Federal Share of Program Income Earned by Massachusetts General Hospital on C06CA059267, Proton Therapy Research and Treatment Center.
Effective Communication to Aid Collaboration for Digital Collections: A Case Study at Florida Gulf Coast University Library.

ABSTRACTEffective communication is one of the most important resources for successful outreach efforts. This article addresses the benefits that can emerge from successful communication as well as the negative effects that may stem from ineffective communication. A case study of Florida Gulf Coast University Archives, Special Collections, & Digital Initiatives' outreach efforts among local cultural heritage organizations will demonstrate methods used to approach these organizations and subsequent results. After attempting to provide several organizations with professional assistance regarding digitization and digital preservation of historic records, Archives, Special Collections, & Digital Initiatives sought to establish a formalized outreach approach. While there is a large amount of literature discussing broad outreach efforts, few articles delve into specific communication methods, potential benefits, and possible drawbacks. This article will show that with specific methods of communication, outreach ...
Moral Learning as Moral Practice

The dynamics of moral learning dictate the path moral education should follow. In this chapter, the central features of moral learning are described in the context of the moral community and the practices which constitute that community. Knowledge of the good and right is carried in moral traditions from generation to generation, even as they change to adapt to new circumstances and new members. This local moral formation continues in today’s global economy, which is characterized by a plurality of local moral communities with potentially conflicting values and norms for business operations and outcomes. Due to the incompatibility of comprehensive moral norms, participants in the world of commerce must learn to carry their moral commitments into the public arena and express their values under the standards of public reason. As a consequence, what we are accustomed to call business ethics must become a combination of formation in morals and education in ethical leadership.
C/EBP Is Deregulated by PML-RAR in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells are blocked at the promyelocyte stage of myeloid differentiation. The majority of APL cells display the t(15;17) reciprocal chromosomal translocation leading to the expression of the fusion protein promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARa). Cells harboring this reciprocal translocation can be induced to differentiate after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (at-RA) both in vivo and in vitro. During normal hematopoiesis, differentiation is regulated by several key transcription factors. One of them, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPa), controls expression of genes regulating normal myeloid differentiation. Its disruption leads to a block of granulocytic differentiation. We thus hypothesize that C/EBPa could be deregulated in APL and therefore participate in the pathogenesis of APL. Using the U937PR9 cell line, which expresses an inducible PML-RARa, we observed that expression of PML-RARa induced a decrease of both C/EBPa mRNA and protein, leading to decreased C/EBPa DNA binding activity. Using a transient transfection assay with a C/EBPa promoter construct in presence or absence of PML-RARa, we are able to demonstrate that PML-RARa can repress C/EBPa promoter activity. This repression is specific to the fusion protein, as both PML and RARa have no effect upon the C/EBPa promoter. A computer search of the C/EBPa promoter sequence did not exhibit any evident RARE binding site, and therefore we are currently mapping the site(s) responsible for this repression. In conclusion, PML-RARa down regulates C/EBPa expression; this down regulation could participate in the pathogenesis of APL. This hypothesis is also supported by the observation that at-RA treatment of APL cell lines (NB4 and HT93) induces a rapid restoration of both C/EBPa RNA and protein. Thus, a decrease in both C/EBPa expression and activity could contribute to the differentiation block of APL cells by deregulating the normal myeloid differentiation program.
Interactions between Domestic Social Norms and International Law Over Trade Dispute Resolution

This chapter explores the dynamic interactions between domestic social norms and international law over trade dispute resolution. Using empirical case studies involving China, EU, US, Korea and Japan, the paper investigates how the dyadic configuration of social norms regarding preferred dispute resolution method impacts the resolution of trade disputes. It creates a new theoretical approach to understand the interfaces between domestic norms and international legal order. The theory predicts a complex development in the acceptance of non-litigious states of the current international legal order for dispute resolution.
Dependence of Vector Dose and Age of Mice in the Induction of Immune Response Against Factor VIII Following Liver-Directed Nonviral Gene Transfer.

Formation of inhibitory antibodies to transgene product may limit the success of gene therapy especially for the treatment of hemophilia A. The risk of forming inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII depends on multiple factors. Previously we have shown that following naked gene transfer of fifty micrograms of a liver-specific, high-expressing factor VIII plasmid, pBS-HCRHPI-FVIIIA into hemophilia A mice (at least 60 days old), a robust humoral response was induced two weeks post plasmid injection despite of initial high-level gene expression of factor VIII (Ye et al. (2004) Mol. Ther. 10, 117–126). This response completely inhibited the activity of circulating factor VIII although factor VIII was persistently expressed in the liver. In this study, the cytokine production was characterized in human factor VIII-activated T cells from plasmid-treated and untreated hemophilic A mice, consistent with a response predominantly mediated by Th2-induced signals. Injection of plasmid DNA into 4 groups of hemophilia A mice (n=5, 60 days old) with 4 different doses (0.4, 2, 10, & 50 microgram per animal) resulted in vector dose-dependent expression of factor VIII. In addition, the two groups of mice with lower doses of plasmid DNA (0.4 & 2 microgram per animal) did not elicit any antibody response against factor VIII, whereas the two groups of mice with higher doses of plasmid DNA (10 & 50 microgram per animal) induced inhibitory antibody formation. Nevertheless, when the two groups of animals (n=4) with lower doses were treated with second injection of fifty microgram of factor VIII plasmid 180 days post plasmid delivery, all mice developed inhibitors suggesting no immune tolerance was induced by first injection of plasmids. Furthermore, fifty micrograms of factor VIII plasmids were injected into 4 groups of hemophilia A mice (n=5) of 4 different age groups (36, 48, 60 & 72 days). It was found that none of the mice with age 36 days at the time of plasmid injection developed inhibitors, 1/5 mice with age 48 days developed inhibitors, whereas the two groups of mice with age 60 & 72 days all developed high-titer inhibitors. These results indicate that induction of anti-factor VIII antibody following gene therapy is strongly dependent upon the vector dose and age of the animals, which has important implication for developing immunomodulation or other strategies to avoid/eliminate antibody responses.
Sedentary behavior and physical activity predicting depressive symptoms in adolescents beyond attributes of health-related physical fitness

Background Sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and attributes of physical fitness have been shown to be related to depressive symptoms in adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether SB and fitness-producing activity predicted depression in active adolescents over and above gender and fitness attributes.
Quantifying Backscatter Anisotropy Using the Reference Phantom Method

Acoustic properties can be exploited to infer and evaluate tissue microstructure. However, common assumptions are that the medium of interest is homogeneous and isotropic, and that its underlying physical properties cause diffuse scattering. In this paper, we describe how we developed and tested novel parameters designed to address isotropy/anisotropy in backscattered echo signal power in complex biological tissues. Specifically, we explored isotropy/anisotropy in backscattered power in isotropic phantoms (spherical glass beads), an anisotropic phantom (dialysis phantom with rodlike fibers), and an in vivo human tissue with well-described anisotropy (bicep muscle). Our approach uses the reference phantom method to compensate for system transfer and diffraction losses when electronically beamsteering a linear array transducer. We define three parameters to quantify the presence and orientation of anisotropic scatterers, as well as address magnitude of anisotropy. We found that these parameters can detect and sense the degree of anisotropy in backscatter in both phantoms and bicep muscle. Bias of the summary anisotropy parameters, induced through a speed of sound mismatch of sample media and reference phantom, was less than 0.2 dB if the speed of sound was within ±20 m/s of the sample media. In summary, these new parameters may be useful for testing the assumption of isotropy as well as providing more detailed information about the underlying microstructural sources of backscatter in complex biological tissues.
Relationality, Trauma, and the Genealogy of the Subject

This chapter examines the first two essays of Nietzsche’s genealogy from a relational perspective, suggesting that naturalistic and other common interpretations of this text fail to do justice to the excessive, negative character of suffered history . Such interpretations often resort to quasi-metaphysical accounts of repression or instincts to explain the origins of bad conscience . Nietzsche’s position should rather be seen as proto-psychoanalytic in that his notion of bad conscience is best understood as a type of symptom, precisely because its source is not a naturalistically conceived cause, but rather a socially conditioned, concretely and symbolically mediated ordeal. This problem can be connected to passages in which Nietzsche discusses the suffered, social dimensions of shame and liberation.
Pharmacological stimulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 translation activates antioxidant responses

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of the antioxidant response, and its function is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. It is well-known that Nrf2 is regulated at the protein level by proteasomal degradation via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), but how Nrf2 is regulated at the translational level is less clear. Here, we show that pharmacological stimulation increases Nrf2 levels by overcoming basal translational repression. We developed a novel reporter assay that enabled identification of natural compounds that induce Nrf2 translation by a mechanism independent of Keap1-mediated degradation. Apigenin, resveratrol, and piceatannol all induced Nrf2 translation. More importantly, the pharmacologically induced Nrf2 overcomes Keap1 regulation, translocates to the nucleus, and activates the antioxidant response. We conclude that translational regulation controls physiological levels of Nrf2, and this can be modulated by apigenin, resveratrol, and piceatannol. Also, targeting this mechanism with novel compounds could provide new insights into prevention and treatment of multiple diseases in which oxidative stress plays a significant role.
Understanding the Molecular Basis for Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 1 (MMDS1): Impact of a Disease-Causing Gly189Arg Substitution on NFU1

Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster-containing proteins constitute one of the largest protein classes, with highly-varied function. Consequently, the biosynthesis of Fe/S clusters is evolutionarily conserved and mutations in intermediate Fe/S cluster scaffold proteins can cause disease, including multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome (MMDS). Herein, we have characterized the impact of defects occurring in the MMDS1 disease state that result from a point mutation (p.Gly189Arg) near the active site of NFU1, an iron-sulfur scaffold protein. In vitro investigation into the structure-function relationship of the Gly189Arg derivative, along with two other variants, reveals that substitution at position 189 triggers structural changes that increase flexibility, decrease stability, and alter the monomer-dimer equilibrium toward monomer, thereby impairing the ability of the Gly189X derivatives to receive an Fe/S cluster from physiologically-relevant sources.
Politics in the U.S. energy transition: case studies of solar, wind, biofuels and electric vehicles policy.

Abstract We examine the politics of US state and federal policy supporting wind and solar in the electricity sector and biofuels and electric vehicles in the transportation sector. For each technology, we provide two policy case studies: the federal Production Tax Credit (PTC) and state Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) for wind; state Net Energy Metering (NEM) and the federal investment tax credit (ITC) for solar; federal excise tax incentives and the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for biofuels; and California's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate and federal tax incentives for electric vehicles. Each case study traces the enactment and later revision of the policy, typically over a period of twenty-five years. We use these eight longitudinal case studies to identify common patterns in the politics of US renewable energy policy. Although electricity and transportation involve different actors and technologies, we find similar patterns across these sectors: immature technology is underestimated or misunderstood; large energy bills provide windows of opportunity for enactment; once enacted, policies are extended incrementally; there is increasing politicization as mature technology threatens incumbents.
Intern as Patient: A Patient Experience Simulation to Cultivate Empathy in Emergency Medicine Residents.

Author(s): Nelson, Sara W.; Germann, Carl A.; MacVane, Casey Z.; Bloch, Rebecca B.; Fallon, Timothy S.; Strout, Tania D. | Abstract: Introduction: Prior work links empathy and positive physician-patient relationships to improved healthcare outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze a patient experience simulation for emergency medicine (EM) interns as a way to teach empathy and conscientious patient care.Methods: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study on an in situ, patient experience simulation held during EM residency orientation. Half the interns were patients brought into the emergency department (ED) by ambulance and half were family members. Interns then took part in focus groups that discussed the experience. Data collected during these focus groups were coded by two investigators using a grounded theory approach and constant comparative methodology. Results: We identified 10 major themes and 28 subthemes in the resulting qualitative data. Themes were in three broad categories: the experience as a patient or family member in the ED; application to current clinical practice; and evaluation of the exercise itself. Interns experienced firsthand the physical discomfort, emotional stress and confusion patients and families endure during the ED care process. They reflected on lessons learned, including the importance of good communication skills, frequent updates on care and timing, and being responsive to the needs and concerns of patients and families. All interns felt this was a valuable orientation experience.Conclusion: Conducting a patient experience simulation may be a practical and effective way to develop empathy in EM resident physicians. Additional research evaluating the effect of participation in the simulation over a longer time period and assessing the effects on residents’ actual clinical care is warranted.
Oxygen Effect on the Properties of Epitaxial (110) La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 by Defect Engineering.

The multiferroic properties of mixed valence perovskites such as lanthanum strontium manganese oxide (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) (LSMO) demonstrate a unique dependence on oxygen concentration, thickness, strain, and orientation. To better understand the role of each variable, a systematic study has been performed. In this study, epitaxial growth of LSMO (110) thin films with thicknesses ∼15 nm are reported on epitaxial magnesium oxide (111) buffered Al2O3 (0001) substrates. Four LSMO films with changing oxygen concentration have been investigated. The oxygen content in the films was controlled by varying the oxygen partial pressure from 1 × 10–4 to 1 × 10–1 Torr during deposition and subsequent cooldown. X-ray diffraction established the out-of-plane and in-plane plane matching to be (111)MgO ∥ (0001)Al2O3 and ⟨110⟩MgO ∥ ⟨1010⟩Al2O3 for the buffer layer with the substrate, and an out-of-plane lattice matching of (110)LSMO ∥ (111)MgO for the LSMO layer. For the case of the LSMO growth on MgO, a novel growth mode ha...
Protection against radiation lethality: effect of beta-mercaptoethylamine.

Summary and ConclusionsSome 32% of the Swiss albino and 67% of the CF1 male mice injected intraperitoneally with β-mercaptoethylamine (i.e., cysteinamine) prior to a lethal exposure of 700 r whole body x-irradiation survived the 30-day observation period. Some 97% of these are still alive 60 days after irradiation. The CFi mice, exposed to the higher dose of 800 r after injection, showed 58% survival while the controls, receiving only 700 r, all died within 20 days. Thus prior injection of this compound definitely affords radiation protection to mice. Injection after x-irradiation, whether single or multiple, had an adverse effect on survival.
Medical Care and Management of the Squirrel Monkey

The use of the squirrel monkey in biomedical research has helped to improve our understanding of many diseases and other disorders of human beings in the past 20 years. Most of this research has been and continues to be carried out using animals that are captured as juveniles or adults from the wild. The introduction and long-term maintenance of these animals in the laboratory requires an understanding of the husbandry and medical care needs of this species. With improvements in facility design, husbandry techniques, and equipment for medical care, morbidity and mortality among laboratory-housed squirrel monkeys have been greatly reduced. An excellent chapter on the care and management of the squirrel monkey was written by Lang (1968) and is a valuable source of additional information on the care of the squirrel monkey.
Dissemination Using Infographic Reports Depicting Program Impact of a Community-Based Research Program: eB4CAST in iCook 4-H.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate barriers to dissemination and implementation and perceptions of the Evidence-Based Forecast Capture, Assemble, Sustain, Timelessness (eB4CAST) dissemination infographic tool as part of iCook 4-H dissemination. Design Online surveys and phone interviews. Participants Experts (n = 35) in community research completed the survey; 13 completed the interview. Main Outcomes Measure Experts’ perceptions of eB4CAST reports used for iCook 4-H dissemination. Analysis Frequency and thematic analysis. Results Survey respondents agreed (85%) that the eB4CAST infographic provided a clear understanding of iCook 4-H and relevant information (83%). Statistics included in the infographic were reported as easily understood (66%). Respondents (83%) stated that the infographic would be helpful to share outcomes with stakeholders. Thematic analysis showed that the majority of interviewees agreed that eB4CAST infographics might aid in overcoming barriers to dissemination and implementation including communication and community ownership. Conclusions and Implications This study provides perceptions from experts regarding the value of using eB4CAST infographics as a tool to disseminate the impact of a community nutrition program.
Parathyroid Hormone, Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide, and their Receptor

This article has no abstract. Keywords: parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone–related peptide, and their receptor
Atypical Wounds; Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Patients with severe diabetic foot ulcerations that fail to heal with standard conventional therapies may be candidates for hyperbaric oxygen therapy; these patients also should be evaluated for atypical wound etiologies. Medical evaluation includes thorough history, physical examination, screening laboratory tests, and ulcer biopsy. During hyperbaric oxygen therapy, patients breathe 100% oxygen at 2 times to 3 times atmospheric pressure while enclosed in a hyperbaric chamber. Over time, administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy can result in wound neovascularization and enhanced limb salvage. In patients with suspected atypical ulceration, referral to a multidisciplinary wound healing center is considered standard of care.
Dispersal by Aquatic Insects

All habitats change over time, so most organisms must resist unfavorable conditions or disperse to more favorable localities. Typically, aquatic habitats are relatively short lived because of drying or infilling. Aquatic insects, then, often have adaptations for effective dispersal, sometimes over long distances and most often by flight. This chapter examines some of the environmental drivers and organismal responses that affect the nature of dispersal. These include consideration of how different habitats affect dispersal, especially some differences between lentic and lotic habitats. Dispersal characteristics may also have major effects on genetic structure of populations. Both selective forces and proximate cues affect when insects disperse and when and where they colonize new habitats; availability of space, presence of predators, and availability of food may all play a role, depending on species and circumstances. Adaptations for dispersal include, in addition to active flight, behaviors that promote passive movement by wind, dispersal polymorphism (i.e., changes in body structure, such as wing development, that enhance dispersal, usually hormonally controlled and incurring some cost in fecundity), increased body size, and timing of diapause and reproduction. In a few species dispersal extends to migrations of hundreds of kilometers and may have important seasonal effects on habitats of origin and of destination. Dispersal is also integral to the concept of metapopulations and in fact may be a major driver of community composition and dynamics. Simultaneous dispersal of very large insect populations can have an important effect on nutrient and energy flow to and from communities. Finally, dispersal may be a critical determinant of whether and how aquatic insects respond to climate warming.
Reaching Out to Diverse Learners with Non-Formal Workshops on Computing Concepts and Skills

Females, racial minorities, and other diverse individuals face many challenges in learning to program. Researchers have investigated these challenges for many years, yet participation by these groups continues to be low. Our action research project is investigating a non-formal learning activity for female and gender-diverse faculty, staff, and students in a university setting. Using surveys, observations and focus groups, we probed learners’ experiences, to examine the short- and longer-term impacts of the workshop. We observed increases in self-efficacy and predictions of future use of programming; trepidation about computing decreased. We discuss the need to offer learning spaces for skills that can empower members of these groups.
Validated Intraoperative Bleeding Scale (Vibe Scale): Relevance and Utility in Gynecological Surgery

Study Objective This study investigates the reliability and repeatability of using a Validated Intraoperative Bleeding Scale (VIBe SCALE) to assess intraoperative bleeding by gynecological surgeons. This scale describes bleeding using rate and nature of blood loss, which are thought to improve blood loss estimates. Design Through an online platform, surgeons self-trained on the VIBe SCALE and then graded 15 videos with known rates of blood loss. A Kendall's W was calculated for inter-observer agreement (reproducibility) using ten unique videos within the video set and intra-observer agreement (repeatability) using five duplicate videos within the video set. Setting N/A Patients or Participants Eight surgeons board certified in obstetrics/gynecology and eight board certified in gynecological oncology participated. Mean years of experience was 16.1 years (range 4-30, N=16), and majority reported using hemostatic agents in practice (15/16, 94%). Interventions N/A Measurements and Main Results Inter- and intra-observer agreement was “excellent” with values of 0.92 and 0.99, respectively. Majority of surgeons accurately graded blood loss in 5 of 10 unique videos; accuracy improved when a video was repeated, with majority correctly grading blood loss in 4 of 5 duplicate videos. Of the four domains within the scale, visual presentation was the most used (16/16, 100%) and considered most relevant (12/16, 75%). Rate of blood loss was the second most used (13/16, 81%) and considered the second most relevant (3/16, 19%). Conclusion Surgeons can grade bleeding using the VIBe SCALE with excellent reliability, and their accuracy improved with use. This supports that surgeons can more accurately assess blood loss by considering the rate and nature of blood loss rather than volume. Use of the VIBe SCALE may also improve early recognition of bleeding, increase communication within the operating room about bleeding and expedite the treatment of bleeding.
Oregon's secondary agricultural education teachers' level of computer-based technology integration, perceptions of barriers to computer-based technology integration, and the relationship to learning styles

The focus of this research was to examine the relationship between the Oregon secondary agricultural education teachers’ level of computer-based technology integration, perceptions of barriers to computer-based technology integration, and learning style preferences. Additionally the correlational analysis of the level of computer-based technology integration and the following demographic variables was conducted: (a) age, (b) gender, (c) education level, (d) years of teaching, (e) school size, (f) high-speed Internet at home, and (g) computer at home. The data were collected during the 2006–2007 academic school year. The research instruments consisted of a researcher-developed Barriers to Computer-based Technology Integration survey, the Kotrlik/Redmann Technology Integration Scale (KRTIS), and the Learning Types Measure (LTM). Data were collected utilizing two questionnaires, each at a different time period during the school year. The data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational research techniques. The response rate for the study was 97.5%. The research indicated that the Oregon agricultural education teachers were most active in the phase of adoption—using computer-based technology and least active in the area of experimentation—beginning to use computer-based technology. Over two-thirds (67.8%) of the teachers identified type 3—common sense learning as their preferred learning type, while the fewest number of teachers (8.5%) identified with type 4—dynamic learning preferences. The teachers perceived the greatest barriers to computer-based technology integration were the financial costs associated with computer hardware and software and availability of computers for use in their teaching practices. Teachers disagreed with the identification of barriers that represented interest, ability, and support as being prohibitive factors to computer-based technology integration for themselves and their students. No significant relationships were found in the examination of the teacher’s level of computer-based technology integration, the teacher’s perception of barriers to integration, and the teacher’s preferred learning style. Examination of the teachers’ perceptions of barriers to computer-based technology integration and preferred learning style failed to produce a significant relationship. Correlational analysis of the level of computer-based technology integration and selected demographic variables also failed to produce a significant relationship and degree of correlation.
Host Innate Immune Response and Viral Immune Evasion During Alphaherpesvirus Infection.

Both the development of the mammalian innate immune system and the antagonistic strategies acquired by alphaherpesviruses to dismantle it have been shaped by co-evolving virus-host interactions over millions of years. Here, we review mechanisms employed by mammalian cells to detect pathogen molecules, such as viral glycoproteins and nucleic acids, and induce innate immune signaling upon infection with alphaherpesviruses. We further explore strategies acquired by these viruses to bypass immune detection and activation, thereby supporting virus replication and spread. Finally, we discuss the contributions of advanced “omics” and microscopy methods to these discoveries in immune signaling and highlight emerging technologies that can help to further our understanding of the dynamic interplay between host innate immune responses and virus immune evasion.
Automated leukocyte parameters are useful in the assessment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Background Study utility of seven automated VCS parameters (V-volume, C-conductivity and S-scatter) in leukocytes as an objective read-out of dysplasia in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Methods Peripheral blood was analyzed by Beckman-Coulter DxH800 hematology analyzer in 43 patients with low-grade, high-grade MDS and 21 control individuals. The differences in mean (MN) and standard deviation (SD) of each parameter were examined. The optimal sensitivity and specificity to predict MDS were determined by statistical analysis. Results In neutrophils, all means of the light scatters were significantly lower in high-grade MDS than in the control group. Mean median angle light scatter (MN-MALS-NE) and mean upper median angle light scatter (MN-UMALS-NE) were significantly different between low-grade MDS and control patients. MN-MALS-NE as a MDS predictor revealed 63% sensitivity and 67% specificity with a cutoff value of ≤133. SDs of each parameter in neutrophils differed significantly among three groups. SD of neutrophil upper median angle light scatter (SD-UMALS-NE) had 77% sensitivity and 82% specificity (cutoff value of ≥11.16) to predict MDS. Conclusions MDS patients have a significant decrease with a linear trend in VCS parameters in neutrophils, indicating cell dysplasia. The degree of the heterogeneity measured by SD is the most predictive of MDS.
Technical success and safety of peripherally inserted central catheters in the great saphenous and anterior accessory great saphenous veins

Background:Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are occasionally placed in the great saphenous vein (GSV) and anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV) in patients with inadequate u...
What Hun Sen's Re-Election Means for the Fate of Cambodian Justice

This essay explores the potential impact of Cambodia’s July 2018 re-election of its long-serving prime minister, Hun Sen, on the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (the “ECCC”). The ECCC is a “hybrid” international criminal tribunal jointly established by the United Nations and the Cambodian Government. Its stated purpose is to prosecute those most responsible for the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge during the Cambodian Revolution (1975-1979). Since the establishment of the ECCC in 2006, Hun Sen has proven a vital force in preventing prosecutions, and through schemes of bribery and corruption, has staffed the Tribunal with Cambodian judges to fulfill his wishes. This essay briefly examines the tumultuous history of the ECCC and Hun Sen’s overbearing involvement in the Tribunal. The essay further explores the ECCC’s recent politically-charged decisions dismissing charges against one of the Tribunal’s few defendants for lack of personal jurisdiction, and the prescient impact of these decisions on the future of the Tribunal. The essay concludes that Hun Sen’s globally criticized re-election – the product of intimidation and oppression – sounds the death knell for the ECCC.
Quantification of perfusion and metabolism in an autism mouse model assessed by diffuse correlation spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy.

There is a need for quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of autism. Cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism parameters may show superior contrasts for improved characterization. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has been shown to be reliable method to obtain cerebral blood flow contrast in animals and humans. Thus, in this study we evaluated the combination of DCS and fNIRS in an established autism mouse model. Our results indicate that autistic group had significantly (p=0.001) lower (~40%) blood flow (1.16 ± 0.26) * 10-8 cm2 /s), and significantly (p=0.015) lower (~70%) oxidative metabolism (52.4 ± 16.6 μmol/100 g/min) compared to control group ((1.93 ± 0.74) * 10-8 cm2 /s, 177.2 ± 45.8 μmol/100 g/min, respectively). These results suggest that the combination of DCS and fNIRS can provide hemodynamic and metabolic contrasts for in vivo assessment of autism pathological conditions noninvasively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Learning from the Data

Agricultural production in digital era is an extremely data intensive operation as there are too many factors could continuously or occasionally affect the production and making appropriate decisions to ensure having productive and profitable production requires to be able to effectively process available data and adequately interpret the information carried in those data. However, due to biological, climatic, economic, technological, and sometimes even societal complicities involved in agricultural production, it is often a very challenging task based on mathematics-based conventional theories and technologies to achieve this goal. The recent emerging of bigdata and artificial intelligent (AI) based intelligent control technologies provides us an opportunity to solve this problem.
The mutation effect reaction norm (MERN) highlights environmentally dependent mutation effects and genetic interactions

Abstract Measuring the fitness effects of mutations and epistasis remain central yet provocative concepts in evolutionary and population genetics. In addition to the baseline complexity that arises from the notion that genetic information can interact in a nonlinear way, recent studies have revealed that interactions can change as a function of environmental context. Here I propose the fusion of measurements of the effect of mutations and physiological epistasis with the reaction norm, a central abstraction used to depict genotype by environment interactions. In doing so, I formalize the notion of a “mutation effect reaction norm” (MERN) as an instrument through which one can analyze or depict the phenotypic consequences of interactions between mutations across environmental contexts. I demonstrate its utility through a discussion of the signature of mutations that undermine reverse evolution of antimicrobial resistance. In closing, I argue that the mutation effect reaction norm may help us resolve the dynamism of evolution across fitness seascapes through specific insight into how mutation effects and interactions are modulated by environmental context.
Systematic Review of Technical Variations for Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Melanoma.

BACKGROUND Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for cutaneous melanoma is becoming more prevalent, but surgical technique varies. OBJECTIVE To define variations in published techniques for MMS for melanoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic review was performed of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify all articles describing surgical techniques for MMS for melanoma. Technical details were recorded for the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of MMS. RESULTS Twenty-four articles were included. Mohs surgeons vary in how they assess clinical margins, how wide a margin they excise on the first MMS layer, and how they process tissue to determine tumor stage and margin clearance during MMS for melanoma. CONCLUSION Mohs micrographic surgery for melanoma is performed with varied surgical techniques. To establish best practices, additional research is necessary to determine how different techniques affect outcomes.
The Self-Help Movement in Mental Health: From Passivity to Interactivity?

This chapter expands and updates on Norcross’ (2006) original proposal to integrate self-help with psychotherapy through the reading of self-help books, autobiographies, and viewing of relevant self-help films. This relatively passive approach can be expanded with active and interactive SH interventions in promotion, prevention, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation through: (1) distance writing (DW) in its various approaches, which will be considered in greater detail in Chapter 3 of this volume, (2) homework assignments, and (3) low-cost approaches to promote physical and mental health. These new approaches suggest a paradigm shift in mental health from traditional individually delivered psychosocial treatment to distance writing (DW) approaches that may mean interacting with participants online without ever seeing them directly (L’Abate, 2008a; 2008b,c).