cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of methadone on thyroid function in mother, fetus, and newborn.

The effects of maternal use of methadone during pregnancy on tests of thyroid function were studied in 14 women and their offspring. Twelve normal nonaddicted women and their infants served as a control group. Concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) were not significantly different in maternal and cord serum, and in infant serum at age 24 hours. There was no significant difference in infants9 TSH concentrations at 2, 3, and 7 days of age. At 2 and 7 days, T3 levels were significantly higher in the methadone than in the control group (P = .01 and
Transcarboxylase XII. IDENTIFICATION OF THE METAL-CONTAINING SUBUNITS OF TRANSCARBOXYLASE AND STABILITY OF THE BINDING

Abstract Transcarboxylase labeled with 60Co or 65Zn was isolated and purified to near homogeneity from Propionibacterium shermanii. The enzyme which is a metallo-biotin enzyme, was found to contain 7 to 8 g atoms of zinc plus cobalt per mole of transcarboxylase (molecular weight ∼790,000). The 60Co- or 65Zn-labeled enzymes were dissociated under controlled conditions to yield subunits with s20,w ≃ 12 and 6 S, which were separated by density gradient centrifugation. The 6 S subunit contains the metals and the 12 S subunit little or none. The 6 S subunit dissociates further to a subunit containing the metals and to the biotin containing carboxyl carrier protein. The metals in transcarboxylase as well as in the subunits are tightly bound. Only small amounts of the bound cobalt or zinc are removed when transcarboxylase labeled with these metals is passed over Sephadex equilibrated with 10 mm o-phenanthroline, 8-hydroxyquinoline 5-sulfonate, or EDTA. Dialysis at alkaline or neutral pH does not remove the metals but some is removed when the enzyme is dialyzed at acidic pH values (pH 5, 4.5, or 4). Dialysis against 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate or 4 to 6 m urea causes release of the metals but these conditions cause irreversible dissociation of the enzyme to its constituent peptides.
Specialized nucleoprotein structures at the origin of replication of bacteriophage lambda. Protein association and disassociation reactions responsible for localized initiation of replication.

Abstract Binding of the O protein of phage lambda to the replication origin (ori lambda) results in the formation of an organized nucleoprotein structure termed the O-some. The O-some serves to localize and initiate a six-protein sequential reaction that provides for localized unwinding of the origin region, the critical prepriming step for precise initiation of DNA replication. By the use of electron microscopy of gold-tagged antibody complexes, we have defined four stages of protein association and dissociation reactions that are involved in the prepriming pathway. First, as defined previously, O protein binds to multiple DNA sites and self-associates to form the O-some. Second, lambda P and host DnaB proteins add to the O-some to generate an O.P.DnaB.ori lambda complex. Addition of the DnaK and DnaJ proteins yields a third stage complex containing DnaK, DnaJ, O, P, and DnaB. With the addition of ATP and single-strand binding protein (SSB), the P protein is largely removed, and the DnaB acts as a helicase to generate locally unwound, SSB-coated single strand DNA. Thus, the initiation of lambda DNA replication requires ordered assembly and partial disassembly of specialized nucleoprotein structures. The disassembly activity of DnaK and DnaJ may be their general role in the heat shock response.
Sixteen vetted fossil calibrations for divergence dating of Charadriiformes (Aves, Neognathae)

The Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies) are an ecologically and morphologically diverse clade with a global geographic distribution. The perceived antiquity of this lineage and the cryptic plumage and morphology of some charadriiforms have made them a frequent focus of study by ornithologists. Likewise, with the relatively recent advent of molecular sequence based divergence estimation methods, no less than seven studies have estimated the timing of cladogenetic events in Charadriiformes. Unfortunately, all of those studies have suffered from poor choice and characterization (i.e., age and taxonomic assignment) of fossil calibrations used for divergence time analysis. Given that studies of both real and simulated data have demonstrated the potential for calibration choice to bias node age estimates, the results of previously published analyses of divergence times for Charadriiformes must, accordingly, be viewed with caution. To alleviate introduction of fossil calibration bias with respect to future analyses of divergence times including Charadriiformes, 16 rigorously evaluated charadriiform fossil calibrations are reported herein. N. Adam Smith. The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, 2024 W. Main St., Suite A200, Durham, NC, 27705, U.S.A., adam_smith@utexas.edu
The Callen coprolitic reference collection

From the early 1950's until his untimely death in Ayacucho, Peru, in August of 1970, Dr. Eric 0. Callen was recognized as the world's leading authority in the area of prehistoric human coprolite analysis. During his nearly 20 years of coprolitic research Dr. Callen completed and published the analyses of samples recovered from archeological sites in many areas of the world including coprolites from Huaca Prieta de Chicama in Peru (Callen and Cameron, 1955, 1960); from Tamaulipas, Mexico (Callen, 1963, 1965, 1967a); from Tehuacan, Mexico (Callen, 1967b); from Lazaret, France (Callen, 1969); and from the Glen Canyon in Utah (Callen and Martin, 1969). In addition to these studies Dr. Callen examined but had not yet published the analyses of prehistoric human coprolites recovered from archeological sites in Florida, Kentucky, Egypt and Peru. Dr. Callen was one of the pioneers in the field of coprolitic analysis, and his research set the standards for others to follow. His colleagues therefore felt that it was essential that his many notes, records and reference materials not become lost, scattered, or accidently discarded. Those of us who had seen and used his collections knew of its important value and of the contributions it could continue to make in the field of human coprolite analysis. Fortunately, his complete collection was saved and is now catalogued and available for use. The Eric 0. Callen Collection is stored and maintained by the Laboratory of Anthropology at Texas A&M University. The collection consists of 15,213 micro-
Finite Element Modeling of Engagement of Rough and Grooved Wet Clutches

A finite element model has been developed to investigate the engagement of rough, grooved, paper-based permeable wet clutches. The finite element (Galerkin) approach was used to discretize the modified Reynolds and force balance equations, and the solution domain geometry was described using an isoparametric formulation. Surface roughness effects were modeled via the Patir and Cheng (1978) average flow model, while asperity load sharing was calculated using the Greenwood and Williamson (1966) approach. The finite element model developed was used to investigate the effects of applied load, friction material permeability, and groove size on the engagement characteristics of wet clutches (i.e., torque, pressure, engagement time, and film thickness). The results indicate that the applied load, friction material permeability, and groove width significantly influence the engagement characteristics. Higher facing pressures increase peak torque and decrease engagement time. Higher permeability of the friction material significantly decreases engagement time but dramatically increases peak torque. Wider grooves decrease the peak torque and increase the engagement time. Groove depth does not significantly affect engagement characteristics for this model.
Topography, Albedo-Temperature Feedback, and Climate Sensitivity

Numerical experiments with an energy balance model of the earth's climate suggest an enhancement of albedo-temperature feedback caused by the presence of a high middle-latitude plateau in the zonally averaged Northern Hemisphere topography. The increased climate sensitivity arises from the increased rate of change of snow cover produced by the advance or retreat of the winter snow line over the north slope of this topographic feature.
Evolutionary change in developmental genetic networks

The different combinations of genes that are active in different cells control the development and diversity of multicellular organisms. The codes that control this process, written in both cis-regulatory and protein-coding DNA sequence, are poorly understood. Decoding those sequences will require many experimental and bioinformatic approaches. One approach that will be useful is discovering the nodal control points that change when genetic networks evolve to change form and function. Recent discoveries will be described on the molecular changes in a network that modifies limb number during arthropod evolution. Another important experimental approach useful to decoding is the determination of precise gene expression patterns during model organism development, including which expression patterns are conserved and which are variable. A new approach has been developed that involves assigning spectral barcodes to many different nascent transcripts in developing animal nuclei. This will allow the rapid determination of precise spatial domains of transcriptional activation, and the construction of virtual embryos with complete maps of combinatorial gene expression.
Mechanical and electrical actions of nicotine on hypertrophied and failed cat ventricle.

SummaryNicotine increases peak active isometric force in sham operated and RVH ventricular muscles by indirect (catecholamine-mediated) and direct effects. In such muscles, action potential plateau and action potential duration eventually lengthen during exposure to nicotine (6.2 × 10-4M and 6.2 × 10-3M). Muscles from cats in overt RVF showed significantly smaller transient positive inotropic responses during exposure to nicotine than sham and RVH muscles. RVF muscles demonstrated an increased maintained peak active force during exposure to 6.2 × 10-3M nicotine.
Fast protein affinity chromatography of two flavonoid glucosyltransferases

Abstract Chrysosplenium americanum contains a glucosyltransferase which attacks the 2′- or 5′-positions of partially methylated flavonols. The two enzyme activities were not resolved on either Superose 12 (gel filtration), Mono Q (ion exchange) or Mono P (chromatofocusing) columns, suggesting similar chromatographic properties. The combined use of the affinity columns UDP-glucuronic acid agarose and Reactive Brown 10-agarose, coupled with a fast protein liquid chromatography system allowed the separation, for the first time, of the two flavonol-ring B-specific glucosyltransferases.
Application of spectral and temporal weighted error functions for data analysis in real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry

Abstract In the analysis of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) data acquired on thin film structures, the weighted error function χ 2 plays a central role, allowing one to assess the validity of the optical model used to generate the best-fit simulation. The most difficult steps in implementing χ 2 , however, involve the required quantification of the precision, accuracy and reproducibility of the SE measurement. In real-time SE, spectra are acquired continuously vs. time during the fabrication of thin film structures, and one has the advantage of extracting the conventional spectral averages of χ 2 vs. time or the temporal averages vs. photon energy. These two measures of the validity of the optical model, not only provide insights into the fitting procedure, but also allow one to identify otherwise unrecognized errors that can account for unexplained variations in χ 2 .
Entry barriers and price movements between major and emerging stock markets

Abstract Co-movements between major and emerging market stock prices around the 1987 crash reveal a relationship between foreign entry barriers and stock price transmission. For most countries, individual market return volatility and price spillovers among markets increase immediately after the crash. However, in markets with stiff entry barriers, volatility rises but there are no price spillovers; in those cases, the premium on closed-end country fund shares increases. This suggests that large transaction costs associated with international arbitrage provide a barrier to large price signals. The evidence that several emerging-market countries are poorly integrated financially with the industrialized countries has important macroeconomic welfare implications.
Weather extremes could affect agriculture

As Earth's climate warms, agricultural producers will need to adapt. Changes, especially increases in extreme events, are already having an impact on food production, according to speakers at a 1 May session on agriculture and food security at the AGU Science Policy Conference. Christopher Field, director of the Department of Global Ecology at the Carnegie Institution for Science of Washington, D. C., pointed out the complex factors that come into play in understanding food security, including spatially varying controls and stresses, incomplete models, and the potential for threshold responses. Factors that are likely to cause problems include increasing population; increasing preference for meat, which needs more land and energy inputs to produce; climate change; and increasing use of agricultural lands for biomass energy.
The Case for Using Blunt-Tipped Lightning Rods as Strike Receptors

Conventional lightning rods used in the United States have sharp tips, a practice derived from Benjamin Franklin’s discovery of a means to obtain protection from lightning. However, the virtue of sharp tips for strike reception has never been established. An examination of the relevant physics shows that very strong electric fields are required above the tips of rods in order that they function as strike receptors but that the gradients of the field strength over sharp-tipped rods are so great that, at distances of a few millimeters, the local fields are often too weak for the development of upward-going streamers. In field tests, rods with rounded tips have been found to be better strike receptors than were nearby sharp-tipped rods.
The tko locus, site of a behavioral mutation in D. melanogaster, codes for a protein homologous to prokaryotic ribosomal protein S12

Abstract The tko (technical knockout) mutation is one of a family of behavioral mutations that cause "bang sensitivity" in D. melanogaster. Using P-element-mediated transformation, we show that a 3.1 kb piece of genomic DNA complements tko . This fragment contains only one complete transcript, 0.68 kb in length. This transcript is abundantly expressed through all stages of the life cycle, and we have isolated cDNAs corresponding to this transcript. Their sequence implies a protein product composed of 140 amino acids, which exhibits considerable sequence similarity to ribosomal protein S12 from both Euglena gracilis chloroplasts and E. coli. We suggest that tko codes for a mitochondrial ribosomal protein and that the tko phenotype results from defective mitochondria.
X-Ray Scattering Study of Porous Silicon Growth during Anodic Dissolution

Formation of porous silicon at the surface of p{sup +}-type silicon in HF solution has been investigated {ital in situ} during anodic dissolution by x-ray reflectivity and diffuse-scattering measurements. Rings of diffuse scattering around Bragg reflections indicate a pore-pore distribution controlled by a space-charge region at the silicon/solution interface. Experimental results for evolution of the interface during the dissolution process are described by an Edward-Wilkinson{endash}type growth model. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Feeding behavior of biotype E greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its relationship to resistance in sorghum.

The feeding behavior of biotype E greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on seedlings of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, genotypes with various levels and mechanisms of seedling resistance was examined in a 12-h period with a computerized electronic insect feeding monitor. Results indicated that 7 of the 12 behavioral events monitored (durations of phloem ingestion, probing, and salivation; time to first committed phloem ingestion; and frequencies of occurrence of baseline, probing, and salivation) showed significant quantitative differences among the genotypes. PI266965 and 152388, the two sources with the highest level of seedling antibiosis, had the shortest duration of phloem ingestion (250, 280.5 min); the longest durations of probing (15.2, 15.0 min), salivation (333.2, 314.4 min), and time to first committed phloem ingestion (433.5, 266.4 min); and the highest frequencies of occurrence of baseline (20.3, 22.4), probing (20.1, 22.5), and salivation (26.0, 26.8) of biotype E greenbug, respectively. These events were highly intercorrelated and were about equally related to seedling antibiosis (measured in growth chamber and field) and average damage score (overall resistance) experiments. The most important mechanism that the insect feeding monitor measured was antibiosis.
A group testing method for finding patterns in data

The screening of data sets is essential to modern technology. The use of classical group testing to isolate objects that are individually positive has become the standard experimental procedure in many applied settings. Work is just beginning in applying group testing techniques to the identification of subsets of objects that are collectively positive. This paper addresses the development of probabilistic group testing methods that lead to the identification of positive combinations of objects with specific applications to data mining.
Textural-contextual labeling and metadata generation for remote sensing applications

Despite the extensive research and the advent of several new information technologies in the last three decades, machine labeling of ground categories using remotely sensed data has not become a routine process. Considerable amount of human intervention is needed to achieve a level of acceptable labeling accuracy. A number of fundamental reasons may explain why machine labeling has not become automatic. In addition, there may be shortcomings in the methodology for labeling ground categories. The spatial information of a pixel, whether textural or contextual, relates a pixel to its surroundings. This information should be utilized to improve the performance of machine labeling of ground categories. Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) data taken in July 1982 over an area in the vicinity of Washington, D.C. are used in this study. On-line texture extraction by neural networks may not be the most efficient way to incorporate textural information into the labeling process. Texture features are pre-computed from cooccurrence matrices and then combined with a pixel's spectral and contextual information as the input to a neural network. The improvement in labeling accuracy with spatial information included is significant. The prospect of automatic generation of metadata consisting of ground categories, textural and contextual information is discussed.
A 300 MHz Optical Discriminator-Counter

The prediction of future CO2 content in the atmosphere is not completely credible because the oceanographers and terrestrial ecologists do not agree on the global CO2 balance. Very precise measurements of O2/N2 ratio using Raman scattering over a few years' period could provide important information and lead to the explanation of the disparity in the atmospheric CO2 balance. An optical discriminator-counter has been developed to count closely spaced optical events in the few photon level. Simulated optical events as close as 2.5 ns apart had been positively detected by using selected photomultipliers and optimized discriminators. Testing of the optical discriminator-counter was done by using an electrical pulse pair spaced 3 ns apart and also by a similar optical pulse pair generated by fast light-emitting diode. The photomultiplier is capable of counting an average single photoelectron pulse frequency of 50 MHz and has a sensitive detecting area of 50 mm in diameter. The discriminator performance will be discussed.
Adjusting Temperature and Salinity Effects on Single Capacitance Sensors

Abstract Several newly developed capacitance sensors have simplified real-time determination of soil water content. Previous work has shown that salinity and temperature can affect these sensors, but relatively little has been done to correct these effects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of media temperature and salinity on the apparent water content measured with a single capacitance sensor (SCS), and to mitigate this effect using a temperature dependent scaled voltage technique under laboratory conditions. A column study was conducted containing two media: pure deionized water and quartz sand under varying water contents (0.05 to 0.30 cm 3 cm −3 ) and salinity (0 to 80 mmol L −1 ). Media temperature was varied between 5 and 45 °C using an incubator. The SCS probes and thermocouples were placed in the middle of the columns and were logged at an interval of 1 minute. There was strong negative correlation between sensor reading and temperature of deionized water with a rate of −0.779 mV °C −1 . Rates of SCS apparent output were 0.454 and 0.535 mV °C −1 for air in heating and cooling cycles, respectively. A similar positive correlation with temperature was observed in sand at different water contents. The SCS probe was less sensitive to temperature as salinity and water content increased. Using a temperature-corrected voltage calibration model, the effect of temperature was reduced by 98%. An analytical model for salinity correction was able to minimize the error as low as ± 2% over the salinity level tested.
Scopoletin: A substrate for an isoperoxidase from Nicotiana tabacum tissue culture W-38

Abstract Scopoletin was found to be a substrate for a single anodic isoperoxidase isolated from tobacco callus tissue W-38. Isolation of this peroxidase was accomplished using DEAE-cellulose chromatography. This isoperoxidase catalysed the destruction of scopoletin in the presence of H2O2 only. An enzyme assay for the scopoletin reaction was developed. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 5·5 and the apparent Kms for scopoletin and H2O2 were 0·6 and 0·9 rnM respectively.
Gender differences in predicting high-risk drinking among undergraduate students.

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in college students' high-risk drinking as measured by an estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) based on gender, height, weight, s...
Nim1 kinase promotes mitosis by inactivating Wee1 tyrosine kinase

In most species, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the Cdc2/cyclin B mitosis-inducing kinase is maintained in an inhibited state during interphase as a result of phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue in the ATP-binding region of Cdc2 (refs 1-3). This site is phosphorylated by Wee1 kinase and dephosphorylated by Cdc25 phosphatase. In fission yeast an additional element of the G2/M control Nim1/Cdr1 kinase, has been identified which functions as a potent mitotic inducer. These studies suggested that Nim1 acts by inhibiting Wee1, perhaps by direct phosphorylation. Consistent with this model, we report here that Wee1 is hyperphosphorylated in cells that overproduce Nim1. Likewise, Wee1 phosphorylation is reduced in nim1- cells. Highly purified Nim1 kinase phosphorylates Wee1 in vitro, resulting in strong inhibition of Wee1 kinase. These observations show that Nim1 promotes the onset of mitosis by inhibiting Wee1.
Circular dichroism of ferricytochrome C.

Abstract The circular dichroism (CD) spectra (650 − 220 mu) of horse heart ferricytochrome c, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferricytochrome c and ferriheme octapeptide from horse heart cytochrome c have been measured at pH 7. The CD spectra were compared to the optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectra and it was found that some of the optically active transitions responsible for the multiple extrinsic Cotton effect observed previously in the ORD spectra of cytochrome c, could be resolved. Of special interest was the observation that the band shapes of the two proteins in the 480 − 410 mu region, appear to be approximate mirror images of one another. This phenomenon is most likely an indication of the arrangement of ligands in positions 5 and 6 of the heme group.
Gizmo is a mean word

The editorial titled "Gizmos" in the April issue of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery was unfortunate. Intracapsular tonsillectomy is a rational surgical option for managing tonsillar hypertrophy causing obstructive sleep apnea in selected children. It is performed routinely by surgeons across the globe and has become the standard of care across northern Europe due to the high safety profile of the operation. The semirigid, dartlike design of the sinuplasty devices suggested the idea for an airway-specific set of high-pressure balloons. We began working on these in 2007 and had FDA approval in 2009. They are in wide use by many airway surgeons. Lingual tonsils are a frequent cause of obstructive sleep apnea, and there is no tool that manages this as effectively as endoscopic plasma ablation. We are all engaged in an honorable effort to improve care; surgical and creative skills are as important as analytical skills. Both are necessary for the continuous improvement of our work. Both are worthy of respect.
Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate as a Fish Pond Fertilizer

Abstract Sunfish ponds were fertilized 11 times during the growing season with liquid ammonium polyphosphate (N-P2O3-K2 O:13–38-0) at 5.6, 11.2, or 22.4 kg/hectare per application. Net production of sunfish averaged 310, 315, and 418 kg/hectare in the low, medium, and high treatments, respectively. Net production of sunfish in the high treatment differed from net sunfish production of the other treatments (P < 0.1). These findings suggest that 5.6 kg/hectare per application of liquid ammonium polyphosphate (13–38-0) is suitable fertilization for woodland ponds with low to moderate fishing. A rate of 22.4 kg/hectare per application is adequate in woodland ponds with heavy fishing. Uniform surface application was the most effective technique of applying liquid ammonium polyphosphate. Liquid ammonium polyphosphate fertilization would generally be cheaper than fertilization with conventional granular fertilizers.
Oxygen sensitivity of PDT determined from time-dependent electrode measurements in spheroids

We have previously reported on a microelectrode technique for mapping spatial and temporal distributions of oxygen in and around individual photosensitized multicell tumor spheroids. Steady-state and time-resolved measurements have been analyzed using diffusion theory ad have yielded estimates of the oxygen diffusion coefficient in the spheroid, the rate of metabolic oxygen consumption, and the fluence-rate-dependent rate of photochemical oxygen depletion. We have recently modified the theoretical treatment of the time-resolved measurements to include the oxygen dependence of the rate of therapy-induced oxygen consumption. The oxygen consumption term in the diffusion equation is now derived from kinetics of type II photochemistry. This expression contains the ration of two rate constants' the photosensitizer triplet decay rate (k p ) and the bimolecular rate for collisional triplet-quenching interactions with oxygen (k ot ). From fits of numerical solutions of the diffusion equation to microelectrode measurements of PDT-induced oxygen transients, k p /k ot , may be obtained for a photosensitizer in a multicell environment. The ration plays an important role in direct cell photosensitization by defining the concentration at which singlet oxygen formation is limited by the availability of oxygen. In a multicell environment where oxygen supply is diffusional, extremely low values of k p /k ot exacerbate the oxygen depletion problem. Recent experiments and analysis indicate that in some cases photosensitizer bleaching rates may also be determined from microelectrode measurements in spheroids.
The pricing of call and put options on foreign exchange

This paper derives pricing equations for European puts and calls on foreign exchange. The call and put pricing formulas are unlike the Black-Scholes equations for stock options in that there are two relevant interest rates, interest rates are stochastic, and boundary constraints differ. In addition, it is shown that both American call and put options have values larger than their European counterparts.
Geometric morphometric shape analysis in an ovine model confirms that the upper esophageal sphincter is not round.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a common cause of oral-pharyngeal dysphagia (OPD). Dilation is a primary treatment, although current techniques are subject to a high rate of failure and recurrence. Devices available for UES dilation are cylindrical and were designed to distend the round lumen of the esophagus. Our objective was to determine the cross-sectional dimension of the UES in an ovine model of OPD and compare it with that of the cervical esophagus. Study Design: Prospective cadaveric animal study. Methods: Three-dimensional casts of the upper aerodigestive tract of 10 fresh cadaveric ewes were constructed using a platinum-cured liquid silicone polymer. Cross-sections at the level of the UES and cervical esophagus were digitized and mathematically compared using geometric morphometric shape analysis. Results: Consensus shape among all 10 animals revealed that the narrowest region of the maximally distended UES has a cross-sectional shape that resembles a kidney, whereas the cervical esophagus approximates a circle. The shape of the UES and cervical esophagus were significantly different (P < .0001), and surface area calculations demonstrated that an inscribed circle significantly underestimated the area implied by the kidney-shaped UES model. Conclusions: Current dilators used to treat UES dysfunction are cylindrical and based on the assumption that the UES is round. This is the first report to empirically analyze the cross-sectional area of the UES utilizing an established ovine model. The data suggest that the cross-sectional area of the UES is shaped like a kidney, and currently available cylindrical dilators are suboptimal for UES distention. Laryngoscope, 2013
Age, Wage, and Job Placement: Older Women’s Experiences Entering the Retail Sector

Older women seeking employment often find opportunities limited to low-wage jobs, such as those in retail. We report findings about job placement and starting wages for hourly workers hired at a women’s apparel retailer from August 2006 to December 2009. We examine competing hypotheses regarding the role of age in explaining women’s job placement and starting wages. Although newly hired women age 55+ earn higher wages and are placed in higher-quality jobs than the youngest women (ages 18–22), they are less likely to be placed in better-quality jobs than their midlife counterparts. Overall, wage differences are largely explained by job quality.
Ring current energy injection rate and solar wind-magnetosphere energy coupling

Abstract Assuming that the formation of the ring current belt is a direct consequence of an enhanced convection of plasma sheet protons, the expression for the energy injection rate U R is formulated as a function of the cross-tail potential drop φ CT for a simple electric field-magnetic field model. It is shown that an approximate expression for U R thus formulated consists of two parts: (i) the first part U R 1 , which is linearly proportional to φ CT , is supplied by the corotation electric field and (ii) the second part U R >2 , which is proportional to φ 2 CT , is supplied by the solar wind energy input to the magnetosphere. The second part U R 2 dominates the ring current energy input when the cross-tail potential drop φ CT is greater than ∼ 95 keV, namely during disturbed periods. An important finding is that the second part U R 2 of the ring current energy input is shown to be proportional to the solar wind-magnetosphere energy coupling function ϵ , recovering the observationally established relationship. Therefore, the present study verifies that an enhanced convection is the cause of the ring current formation.
Direct determination of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and its four dibenzopyrene isomers in water samples by solid-liquid extraction and laser-excited time-resolved Shpol'skii spectrometry.

Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene is considered the most potent carcinogen of all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ever tested. Its four isomers, which include dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]...
Distance learning and the early childhood teacher educator

(2001). Distance learning and the early childhood teacher educator. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 221-224.
On the growth of solutions to second order differential equations in Banach spaces

On obtient des estimations pour la croissance exponentielle des solutions de u''(t)=(A+ξ 2 I)u(t) en fonction de la croissance exponentielle des solutions de u''(t)=Au(t), ou ξ est un nombre complexe arbitraire
Nucleic Acids in Some Deuterated Green Algae

In order to determine whether the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium in living organisms is accompanied by changes in amounts and distribution of the cellular components, a preliminary cytochemical investigation has been made on deuterated Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmis obliquus. Cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid is more widely distributed and occurs in higher quantities in deuterated than in nondeuterated algae. Nuclei of deuterated cells are more irregular in shape, and mitotic figures appear with greater frequency in the deuterated organisms.
Using the visible to illuminate the invisible: multidimensional understanding in radiology education.

Devoid of the ability to peer inside the living human body without cutting it open, radiology would cease to exist. A few medical specialties could be practiced despite impaired visual acuity, but radiology is not one of them. Likewise, the idea of a clinical radiology textbook or lecture devoid of illustrations is a veritable oxymoron. Yet, to function well as radiologists, and especially to teach radiology effectively to medical students and residents, it is necessary to see beyond the visible. Radiology’s great potential as a tool for medical education lies not with aspirations to supplant invisible principles of pathology and pathophysiology, but to provide living illustrations of them (1). To fully realize this potential, radiology educators should regard images not as ends in themselves, but as means to deeper understanding. The goal of radiology education is not merely to teach medical students and residents what various normal and pathologic states look like. It is to use those images to enable them to become better physicians. This article presents an introduction to four different cognitive levels at which radiology educators can use images to enable medical students and residents to become better physicians. For purposes of illustration, these levels are framed in the context of a common radiologic finding, cardiomegaly. By exploring the different meanings of such an everyday radiologic term, we can illuminate complementary educational approaches that radiology educators would benefit from exploring. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each of these levels, radiology educators can ensure that they do not focus their attention strictly on the more superficial levels, thereby overlooking important educational opportunities to cultivate deeper understanding.
Effect of length of a ryanodine-treated muscle on oxygen uptake.

ConclusionsRyanodine causes a high oxygen consumption in muscles which do not shorten. In those muscles that shorten the oxygen consumption falls off as the muscle shortens. The length of the muscle seems to regulate the oxygen consumption of the Ryanodine-treated muscle. Complete cutting off of the extra metabolism due to Ryanodine occurs at 30% of the rest length.We are indebted to Dr. Roeder and to Merck and Co. for supplying us with the purified Ryanodine powder.We wish to thank Dr. Robert W. Ramsey for his helpful advice and interest in this problem. We are also indebted to him for making many of the microscopic observations on the structure of the muscle at the conclusion of the experiments.
Restaurants Can Find Gold Among Silver Hair

This article presents results from a study of 430 people, 55 years or older, about their eating out behaviors and their evaluation of the restaurant experience. Findings indicate that [1] the two strongest motivators for this segment to eat out are convenience and companionship, [2] nutrition and price are the dominant factors in menu selection, and [3] restaurants can improve service to this market.
Synchrotron infrared reflectivity measurements of iron at high pressures

The infrared reflectance of iron was studied using high-pressure synchrotron radiation methods up to 50 GPa at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell of 1000-8000 cm(-1) (1.25-10 microm). The magnitude of the reflectivity shows a weak pressure dependence up to the transition from the body centered cubic (alpha) to hexagonal close packed (epsilon) phase transition, where a discontinuous change in both the slope and magnitude of the reflectivity was observed. Reflectance spectra were corrected for diamond absorption and treated with a Kramers-Kronig analysis to extract the optical constants; the emissivity of iron was derived from Kirchoff's law. The pressure and wavelength dependence of the emissivity is characterized by an empirical function for 1.5-1.9 microm; this wavelength range is useful for spectroradiometric temperature measurements from 1000 K up to approximately 2500 K. Alpha-Fe is a nonideal emitter; however, epsilon-Fe behaves as an almost perfect greybody in the infrared up to the highest pressures of the measurements. Temperature measurements based on the spectroradiometry of iron samples should take into account the wavelength dependent emissivity below the alpha-epsilon phase transition at approximately 13 GPa.
High-resolution spectra of the ν2 and 2ν2 bands of HCN and DCN

Abstract The ν 2 and 2ν 2 bands in the infrared spectrum of HCN and DCN have been measured with a resolution of about 0.03 cm −1 . We have been able to assign not only the 01 1 0-00 0 0 and 02 0 0-00 0 0 transition of HCN and DCN but also the transitions 02 0 0-01 1 0, 02 2 0-01 1 0 03 1 0-02 0 0, 03 3 0-02 2 0 (HCN only), 02 2 0-00 0 0, and 03 1 0-0-01 1 0. The wavenumbers of the lines in these bands have been combined with previous i.r. and microwave data and analyzed to obtain some molecular parameters of HCN and DCN. The 01 1 0-00 0 0 bands of H 13 C 14 N and H 12 C 15 N have also been observed and analyzed.
Voltage-induced chemical contrast in scanning tunneling microscopy using tips chemically modified with hydrogen bond donors

Abstract In-situ voltage treatment to induce chemical contrast in scanning tunneling microscopy images has previously been demonstrated only in one case, i.e., with tips modified with a hydrogen bond acceptor. In this work, this method has been applied to induce chemical contrast using tips modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, a hydrogen bond donor. Chemical contrast enhancement, which allows recognition of particular functional groups, is ascribed to the chemically selective interaction of the hydrogen bond donating carboxyl group of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and the hydrogen bond accepting ether oxygens in sample monolayers formed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Surfaces initially showing no chemical contrast enhancement were made to show such contrast enhancement by applying a + 2.0 V pulse to the STM tip for 15 s. The chemical contrast could also be removed from images using 15 s treatments with a voltage of the opposite sign, i.e., − 2.0 V. The effectiveness of inducing chemical contrast using this voltage treatment and the tip lifetime are compared for tips modified with 4-mercaptopyridine and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid.
Therapy for Children With Swallowing Disorders in the Educational Setting

Many children of all ages with swallowing disorders now receive at least part of their swallowing therapy in the public schools. This article presents the various types of swallowing therapy available, including postural changes, sensory enhancements, changes in feeding processes, and exercise programs. Other therapy issues discussed include the relationship of the feeding process to swallowing therapy, the schedule of therapy, and maintenance programs as compared to therapy. Clinicians are also provided with a number of references for additional reading on therapy procedures.
A plea for tolerance in the evaluation of numerical methods and mathematical software

It is a trite observation that experts have difficulty in agreeing on anything, except on matters where they are not expert. My concern here is the effect this characteristic of experts has on the evaluation of numerical methods and mathematical software. I believe that careful evaluations of numerical methods and mathematical software is an important obligation of numerical analysts to the scientific community. My plea is that evaluations be carried out in such a way that people with different points of view have sufficient information to reach conclusions. This tolerance for a diversity of opinion may mean extra work for the evaluator, but without this extra work it will be impossible for some people to interpret the results.
Some remarks on Lie superalgebras

We propose an approach to the theory of Lie superalgebras based on what we call a “Lie algebra square root”. Every Lie algebra square root has a Lie algebra as its square, but many different Lie algebra square roots may have the same square.
Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic study of the enzymatic degradation of human orosomucoid (α1 -acid glycoprotein)

Purified, intact orosomucoid (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein) derived from whole human plasma was incubated with a number of proteolytic and saccharolytic enzymes under a variety of conditions. The unfractionated digests were immediately examined by both agar gel- and immunoelectrophoresis for the presence of antigenically active (precipitating) and/or inactive macrofragments. Despite otherwise clear evidence of rapid degradation by several proteases, no antigenic subunits were detected. Among the glycosidases, almond emulsin produced a suggestion of modification of the carbohydrate moiety of a sialic acid-poor orosomucoid preparation obtained from Cohn Fr. VI, but had no effect on antigenic properties. These results are presented as further evidence for a lack of involvement of the extensive carbohydrate component of orosomucoid in its antigenic reactions, and support previous data implicating the polypeptide chain as solely responsible for its antigenicity.
A low cost real-time motion tracking approach using webcam technology

Physical therapy is an important component of gait recovery for individuals with locomotor dysfunction. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that incorporating a motor learning task through visual feedback of movement trajectory is a useful approach to facilitate therapeutic outcomes. Visual feedback is typically provided by recording the subject’s limb movement patterns using a three-dimensional motion capture system and displaying it in real-time using customized software. However, this approach can seldom be used in the clinic because of the technical expertise required to operate this device and the cost involved in procuring a three-dimensional motion capture system. In this paper, we describe a low cost two-dimensional real-time motion tracking approach using a simple webcam and an image processing algorithm in LabVIEW Vision Assistant. We also evaluated the accuracy of this approach using a high precision robotic device (Lokomat) across various walking speeds. Further, the reliability and feasibility of real-time motion-tracking were evaluated in healthy human participants. The results indicated that the measurements from the webcam tracking approach were reliable and accurate. Experiments on human subjects also showed that participants could utilize the real-time kinematic feedback generated from this device to successfully perform a motor learning task while walking on a treadmill. These findings suggest that the webcam motion tracking approach is a feasible low cost solution to perform real-time movement analysis and training.
A prospective study of risk drinking: at risk for what?

Data from two waves of a nationally representative U.S. population sample were used to link frequency of risk drinking in the year preceding the Wave 1 interview with the incidence or occurrence of various adverse outcomes in the approximately 3-year period between the two interviews (n = 22,245 Wave 1 drinkers who were reinterviewed at Wave 2). Risk drinking was defined as consuming the equivalent of 5+ standard drinks in a day for men and the equivalent of 4+ standard drinks in a day for women. Controls included sociodemographic and health characteristics, mean quantity of drinks consumed on risk drinking days and average volume of intake on non-risk drinking days. The odds of nonhierarchical alcohol abuse and dependence, initiation of smoking and incidence of nicotine dependence were increased at all frequencies of risk drinking and showed a fairly continuous increase in magnitude with increasing frequency, reaching OR of 3.03 – 7.23 for daily/near daily risk drinking. The incidence of liver disease was strongly increased among weekly or more frequent risk drinkers (OR = 2.78 – 4.76). The odds of social harm, drug use and drug dependence were increased among daily/near daily risk drinkers (OR = 1.61 – 2.63), and the likelihood of marital disruption and drivers license revocation showed near-significant increases at all frequencies of risk drinking. Frequency of risk drinking interacted with volume of intake on non-risk drinking days in predicting alcohol abuse and illicit drug use and with duration of drinking in predicting alcohol dependence. Risk drinking poses a threat of many types of harm, both directly and indirectly through its association with smoking initiation and nicotine dependence. These findings have illustrative value for prevention programs, and they indicate that frequent risk drinker is a strong marker for alcoholism.
Double potential step chronocoulometry at a dropping mercury electrode

Summary The use of a dropping mercury electrode for chronocoulometric methods has been investigated in aqueous solutions and in molten nitrates at 250°C. Averaging over several drops increases the accuracy of the method and permits use of lower concentrations of reactant than normally employed. It is shown that adsorption equilibrium can be achieved during drop life provided too short drop times are not used.
Redox Instability Induced by 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal in Porcine and Bovine Myoglobins at pH 5.6 and 4 °C

Myoglobin (Mb) redox stability affects meat color and is compromised by lipid oxidation products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). Pork lipids are generally more unsaturated and would be expected to oxidize readily and produce more oxidation products than beef. Supranutritional supplementation of vitamin E improves Mb redox stability of beef but not pork. The present study investigated HNE-induced redox instability in porcine and bovine myoglobins at 4 °C and pH 5.6. Oxymyoglobin (OxyMb) was incubated with HNE (0.075 mM porcine OxyMb + 0.5 mM HNE; 0.15 mM bovine OxyMb + 1.0 mM HNE). In porcine Mb, only monoadducts formed via Michael addition were detected after 72 h, whereas in bovine Mb both mono- and diadducts were identified. LC-MS-MS identified four histidine residues (His 36, 81, 88, and 152) of bovine Mb that were readily adducted by HNE, whereas in porcine Mb only two histidine residues (His 24 and 36) were adducted. These results suggested that the primary structure of bovine Mb predisposes it to...