cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding solution architecture concerns

Modern software system development includes the use of off-the-shelf components in the form of third-party software (TPS). Vendors of TPS products play an increasingly important role in the systems that incorporate their offerings. Modeling these vendors' motivations, in the form of architectural concerns and viewpoints, provides an additional tool for customers evaluating TPS. Such viewpoint-based analysis of vendor-oriented solution architectures can provide valuable insights to customers at the time of TPS acquisition as well during the overall lifetime of the system incorporating TPS.
Molecular Survey of the Occurrence of Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Amoeba Hosts in Two Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems

The spread of opportunistic pathogens via public water systems is of growing concern. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of occurrence among three opportunistic pathogens (Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) relative to biotic and abiotic factors in two representative chloraminated drinking water distribution systems using culture-independent methods. Generally, a high occurrence of Legionella (≥69.0%) and mycobacteria (100%), lower occurrence of L. pneumophila (≤20%) and M. avium (≤33.3%), and rare detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (≤13.3%) were observed in both systems according to quantitative PCR. Also, Hartmanella vermiformis was more prevalent than Acanthamoeba, both of which are known hosts for opportunistic pathogen amplification, the latter itself containing pathogenic members. Three-minute flushing served to distinguish distribution system water from plumbing in buildings (i.e., premise plumbing water) and resulted in reduced numbers of copies of Legionella, mycobacteria, H. vermiformis, and 16S rRNA genes (P < 0.05) while yielding distinct terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles of 16S rRNA genes. Within certain subgroups of samples, some positive correlations, including correlations of numbers of mycobacteria and total bacteria (16S rRNA genes), H. vermiformis and total bacteria, mycobacteria and H. vermiformis, and Legionella and H. vermiformis, were noted, emphasizing potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, the results provide insight into factors that may aid in controlling opportunistic pathogen proliferation in real-world water systems.
Evolution of nanoscale pore structure in coordination polymers during thermal and chemical exposure revealed by positron annihilation.

[*] Prof. A. J. Matzger, Dr. A. G. Wong-Foy, J. K. Schnobrich Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930N. University St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA) E-mail: matzger@umich.edu Prof. D. W. Gidley, Dr. M. Liu, Dr. W. E. Frieze Department of Physics, University of Michigan 450 Church St. Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA) E-mail: gidley@umich.edu Prof. R. S. Vallery Department of Physics, Grand Valley State University 151 Padnos Hall, Allendale, MI 49401 (USA)
Gold nanorods seed coaxial, cylinder-phase domains from block copolymer solutions

Individual alkanethiol-functionalized gold nanorods act as morphological seeds that specifically template the growth and direction of large, uniform, cylindrical-phase domains from a polystyrene-block-polyisoprene (PS-b-PI) copolymer solution. Adding less than 0.0001 vol % nanorods switched the preference of domain growth from predominantly spherulitic to almost exclusively single crystalline, with the PI cylinders uniformly aligned in the same direction as each seeding nanorod. Polarized and dark-field optical microscopy on individual domains and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on bulk material confirmed this specific seeding effect. By contrast, we find that spherical gold nanoparticles and other materials that are commonly used as heterogeneous nucleants in crystallization (e.g., carbon black, talc, and calcium carbonate) failed to promote single-crystalline domain growth in the same material. Mesoscale dynamic modeling of nanorod−copolymer mixtures illustrates these observations in terms of a...
Dynamic wavelength routing using congestion and neighborhood information

We present two dynamic routing algorithms based on path and neighborhood link congestion in all-optical networks. In such networks, a connection request encounters higher blocking probability than in circuit-switched networks because of the wavelength-continuity constraint. Much research has focused on the shortest-path routing and alternate shortest-path routing. We consider fixed-paths least-congestion (FPLC) routing in which the shortest path may not be preferred to use. We then extend the algorithm to develop a new routing method: dynamic routing using neighborhood information. It is shown by using both analysis and simulation methods that FPLC routing with the first-fit wavelength-assignment method performs much better than the alternate routing method in mesh-torus networks (regular topology) and in the NSFnet T1 backbone network (irregular topology). Routing using neighborhood information also achieves good performance when compared to alternate shortest-path routing.
Simulation of Avifauna distributions using remote sensing

We explore the fundamental idea that thermal and water-relation environments of birds, as estimated from satellite data and biophysical models, can define the constraints on their occurrences and richness. From experimental observations we know that species richness tends to track biological or environmental gradients. We develop individual bird energy budget models, driven by satellite data, and use these models to define the climate space niche of birds and their distributions across the geographic landscape.
Neural networks compared to statistical techniques

Pattern identification of stock market moves or fraudulent credit card purchases have focused on the use of statistical and neural network techniques. This project for a major credit card encompassed these two techniques in the detection of fraudulent patterns of card holder activity. The results are reported. Fraud is a crime although there are variations in its definition among the statutes of various countries where the credit card is used. Fraud is subdivided into the following categories: lost, stolen, not received, counterfeit, fraudulent application, fraudulent use of card, and other. The focus of the study is the fraudulent use of the card. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to develop a scientific approach to risk pattern analysis and to initiate development projects which significantly increase the bank's ability to identify and control risky transaction patterns. The industry's fraud accounts for over two billion dollars in losses each year. Although fraud losses are high in absolute dollars, they are only a small proportion of total activity. Thus, the problem of risk pattern recognition can be characterized as looking for a large number of needles in an enormously large haystack. The data used in this study include actual transactions organized by account over a six month period. Fraudulent transactions are clearly identified. This allows one to segment the accounts into good and bad meaning those that had one or more fraudulent transactions. Over fifty million transactions were used in the analysis.
Minimal extension of the standard model scalar sector

The minimal extension of the scalar sector of the standard model contains an additional real scalar field with no gauge quantum numbers. Such a field does not couple to the quarks and leptons directly but rather through its mixing with the standard model Higgs field. We examine the phenomenology of this model focusing on the region of parameter space where the new scalar particle is significantly lighter than the usual Higgs scalar and has small mixing with it. In this region of parameter space most of the properties of the additional scalar particle are independent of the details of the scalar potential. Furthermore the properties of the scalar that is mostly the standard model Higgs can be drastically modified since its dominant branching ratio may be to a pair of the new lighter scalars.
Connecting the "bottom of the pyramid": an exploratory case study of india's rural communication environment

This paper is based on our exploratory study of a South Indian village in Chamrajanagar district of Karnataka. The study was to understand the rural communication environment and villagers. communication preferences. We examined people's lifestyle, working conditions and their communication eco-system. Our study revealed that villagers, unlike urban inhabitants, interacted with people outside the village only for specific, rather than casual purposes. Another interesting aspect of rural communication was the marginal use of the postal system and the ubiquitous use of pay phone, apart from word of mouth and face-to-face interactions. In fact, personal (face-to-face) interaction was usually preferred among villages in this region, over other kinds of communication, despite infrastructural constraints like poor transport services. We also observed that communication frequency increased when status quo changed to one that required immediate attention. During the analysis we identified certain social, economic and cultural communication gaps (or problems). However, these problems were clear opportunities to connect the unconnected rural users, by deploying new communication systems and features. Here, we have highlighted some of our findings and possible design avenues based on these findings.
Entrainment, Rayleigh Friction, and Boundary Layer Winds over the Tropical Pacific

Abstract Winds over the tropical Pacific are interpreted using mixed-layer theory. The theory—which posits that the surface winds can be derived in terms of a force balance among surface drag, pressure gradients, Coriolis forces, and the vertical mixing of momentum into the boundary layer (entrainment)—is very successful in predicting the seasonal climatology of the surface winds. The model is also used as a basis for interpreting previous results. In particular the model illustrates why studies that model the momentum flux divergence as a Rayleigh damping find optimal damping coefficients that are anisotropic. A linear variant of the model, which also incorporates entrainment but neglects the quadratic relation between the wind speed and the surface stress, is also found to predict the surface winds skillfully. In addition to improving the representation of the winds, it leads to realistic representations of the divergence of the vector wind. If the key parameters of the model (the entrainment rate and t...
Potential for Multi-functional Additive Manufacturing Using Pulsed Photonic Sintering

Abstract This paper proposes the integration of pulsed photonic sintering into multi-material additive manufacturing processes in order to produce multifunctional components that would be nearly impossible to produce any other way. Pulsed photonic curing uses high power Xenon flash lamps to thermally fuse printed nanomaterials such as conductive metal inks. To determine the feasibility of the proposed integration, three different polymer additive manufacturing materials were exposed to typical flash curing conditions using a Novacentrix Pulseforge 3300 system. FTIR analysis revealed virtually no change in the polymer substrates, thus indicating that the curing energy did not damage the polymer. Next, copper traces were printed on the same substrate, dried, and photonically cured to establish the feasibility of thermally fusing copper metal on the polymer additive manufacturing substrates. Although drying defects were observed, electrical resistivity values ranging from 0.081 to 0.103 Ω/sq. indicated that high temperature and easily oxidized metals can be successfully printed and cured on several commonly used polymer additive manufacturing materials. These results indicate that pulsed photonic curing holds tremendous promise as an enabling technology for next generation multi- material additive manufacturing processes.
Word Embeddings for Speech Recognition

Speech recognition systems have used the concept of states as a way to decompose words into sub-word units for decades. As the number of such states now reaches the number of words used to train acoustic models, it is interesting to consider approaches that relax the assumption that words are made of states. We present here an alternative construction, where words are projected into a continuous embedding space where words that sound alike are nearby in the Euclidean sense. We show how embeddings can still allow to score words that were not in the training dictionary. Initial experiments using a lattice rescoring approach and model combination on a large realistic dataset show improvements in word error rate.
Comparison of the dehydrogenation chemistry of carborane and decaborane on the Pt(111) surface

The surface chemistry of carborane (C2B10H12) and decaborane (B10H14) on Pt(111) has been studied with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the Pt surface catalyzes the release of hydrogen from both molecules at temperatures much lower than their thermal decomposition temperatures. The thermal degradation of these two molecules was found to occur in stages as shown by the TPD results. From XPS data, it was concluded that boron remains on the surface up to very high temperatures.
A Qualitative Risk-Based Assessment Procedure for High Temperature Hydrogen Attack of C-1/2Mo Steel

A qualitative risk-based assessment procedure was developed to determine the relative probability of failure for high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) of C-1/2Mo steel. It is well documented that C-1/2Mo possesses a variable resistance to HTHA. Over the years, the Nelson curve limits, as published in API RP 941, Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants, have been significantly reduced since originally published. This has created a need for an assessment procedure to evaluate C-1/2 Mo equipment that was designed many years ago when the Nelson curve was at much higher operating conditions than today. This assessment procedure is based on the current ExxonMobil assignment of C-1/2Mo resistance to HTHA on the Nelson curve and the relative dependence of HTHA on temperature, hydrogen partial pressure and time. We use the Pv relationship that appears in literature to define the relative dependence of HTHA on temperature, hydrogen partial pressure and time. This qualitative assignment of probability levels for HTHA was validated against actual HTHA failures of C-1/2Mo in high temperature hydrogen service that have been reported to the API and other internal Company incidents not reported to API. This assessment procedure is used to qualitatively define the probability of failure consistent with the probability levels defined in the ExxonMobil risk matrix which is used to manage all risk based decisions in the Corporation.© 2007 ASME
Cyclophorase system. XXIV. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetate in rabbit heart muscle.

SummaryPyruvate is oxidized to CO2 and H2O by the cyclophorase-mitochondrial system of rabbit heart. Under appropriate conditions, e.g. by blocking with malonate or by prolonged dialysis of the preparation, pyruvate is oxidized to acetate and carbon dioxide, and the C2 unit formed does not enter the citric acid cycle by condensation with oxalacetate.
Polarized Light Optics: the New Physics of the Photon.By David K. Teertstra, c/o Euclid Geometrics, Publishing, 843 Queen’s Boulevard, Kitchener, Ontario N2M 1A6, (519) 578–0818, en369@ncf.ca, 2003, Handbound, 196 pages, 101 figures, CDN$107. ISBN 9686314–3–6.

By any stretch of the imagination, this is not a “normal” book, but what would one expect from the author of Geometric Floor Tile Design – Do-It-Yourself Custom Patterned Flooring, which was also reviewed in The Canadian Mineralogist ( 38 , p.1492). The book is hand-bound, and the cover is
Mild cognitive impairment--a confused concept?

Mild cognitive impairment has become a popular concept for classifying the boundaries between normal aging and dementia, but is it a legitimate diagnosis? In this Viewpoint article, Peter Whitehouse argues that the concept of mild cognitive impairment is fundamentally flawed and driven to a large extent by stakeholder interests.
Efficient Storage and Query Processing of Large String in Oracle

Variable size strings are a fundamental data type in RDBMS and used in virtually all database components and applications including XMLs, blogging, customer service comments, e-commerce product descriptions, etc. Many applications could require large strings to store XML documents, JSON documents, customer support history, blog entries, or HTML documents. Many social network applications as well as web 3.0 applications also require large string type. A naive implementation would simply increase the size of the traditional variable strings, but this will incur performance problems due to row chaining. Using Large Object type LOB will enable users to store large string without row chaining, but it is difficult to manipulate LOBs and many built-in operators for strings are not applicable to LOBs. Oracle 12c provides a capability of storing large strings without the row-chaining problem while eliminating LOB?s deficiencies. In addition, users can control the data placement and storage format based on their application workload. However, reading the large string from storage for each reference to the string would be inefficient for queries that reference the strings frequently. This paper presents an efficient processing strategy for queries involving large strings, while supporting theoretically unlimited size of the strings. It illustrates how seemingly simple conceptual work involves careful design and extensive engineering work to have a scalable and efficient implementation. The solution has been implemented in Oracle 12c, and the performance results show its efficiency.
Studies in human myometrium during pregnancy: III. Distribution of high energy phosphate compounds (adenosinetriphosphate and phosphocreatine)

Abstract The high energy phosphate compounds ATP, PC, and ATP plus PC have been studied in pregnant and nonpregnant human myometrium. An attempt has been made to correlate the distribution of these compounds with the contractile patterns of the uterus.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) boll rotting bacteria vectored by the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

AIM To determine the capacity of the brown stink bug (BSB) (Euschistus servus) to transmit an infective Pantoea agglomerans strain Sc 1-R into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) bolls. METHODS AND RESULTS A laboratory colony of BSB was maintained on fresh green beans. Either sterile or Sc 1-R contaminated beans were offered to adult insects. Strain Sc 1-R holds rifampicin resistance (Rif(r) ). Insects were then caged with unopened greenhouse-grown bolls. After 2 days, BSB were surface sterilized, ground, and then plated on media with and without Rif. Two weeks later, seed with lint were ground and plated on media with and without Rif. Microbes were recovered on nonselective media from all BSBs and from seed/lint at concentrations reaching 10(9) CFU g(-1) tissue. Rif(r) bacteria were recovered strictly from insects exposed to Sc1-R and from diseased seed/lint of respective bolls. CONCLUSIONS Euschistus servus was capable of transmitting strain Sc 1-R into bolls resulting in disease. Insects not exposed to the pathogen deposited bacteria yet the nonpathogenic microbes produced insignificant damage to the boll tissue. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This is the first study to concretely show the capacity of the BSB to transmit an infective P. agglomerans strain resulting in boll disease.
Bringing the Everyday Into the Culture / Creativity Discourse

This article critiques and offers an alternative conceptualization of ‘culture’ and ‘creativity’ using an actor-based and relational epistemology. ‘Culture’ and ‘creativity’ have been socially cons...
Reputation in Infosocieties

In this chapter, we examine reputation systems realised within the fertile domain of electronic communities. Reputation systems have been flourishing in recent years, and have been employed with interesting results in several domains, the most famous being auction intermediaries. Given their size, electronic communities undoubtedly represent the greatest storehouse available for reputation data, even if the laws of competition make firms sometimes reluctant to transfer these data to researchers. The analysis of these data is not yet massive; there is probably a lot of knowledge hidden in log files and waiting to be discovered; the distance between existing implementations and research-level systems is still great. Despite the naivete of implemented systems, or perhaps because of it, a considerable room is left for theory and research-based applications.
Current Practices in Maxillofacial Prosthetics

The maxillofacial prosthodontist has an array of skills and materials which demonstrate his capabilities as a member of the patient management team for those with defects of the head and neck regions. The ultimate goal of this team must be the survival of the patient with restoration to a high degree of the quality of life.
Cartesian-based time delay compensation in leader-follower coordination of two manipulators using polynomial time functions

Coordinated control of two manipulators using discrete position feedback is developed and experimentally tested using a hierarchical multiprocessor architecture and two PUMA robot arms. Leader-follower coordination is adopted because of its computational efficiency. The computation of desired follower arm positions consumes one sampling interval. Another sampling interval is lost due to the fact that a desired follower arm position has to be computed before it can be assumed. Emphasis is placed on the design of a class of prediction equations to compensate for these timing delays. >
Detection of atmospheric infrasound with a ring laser interferometer

In this paper, the results from using a large active ring laser interferometer as an infrasound detector are presented. On April 27, 2014, an EF4 tornado struck Central Arkansas and passed within 21 km of the ring laser interferometer. The tornado resulted in 16 fatalities and millions of dollars in damage. Using the ring laser to study the tornado infrasound produced results that qualitatively agree with several findings from a long-term study of weather generated infrasound by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A Fast Fourier Transform of the ring laser output revealed a coherent frequency of approximately 0.94 Hz that lasted during the life of the storm. The 0.94 Hz frequency was initially observed 30 min before the funnel was reported on the ground. Infrasound signatures from four separate tornadoes are presented. In each case, coherent infrasound was detected at least 30 min before the tornado was reported on the ground. Examples of the detection of distant coherent acoustic-gravity...
Trends Affecting e-Learning Experience Management

The increasing use of technology in higher education has supported different forms of learning and knowledge retention such as e-learning. Global trends suggest that learners from all around the world prefer being in charge of their own education and constantly review the benefits of new learning methods to suit their needs. Advantages and disadvantages in e-learning highlight the opportunities for learners and the technology used. New e-learning platforms allow us to address some gaps in learning design and delivery and provide meaningful, sustainable, and up-to-date information to users.
Tracking silver delivery to bacteria using turn-on fluorescence

Herein we present a novel silver complex [Ag(qBODIPY)(CF3SO3)] (1) that exhibits dramatic increase in fluorescence upon silver release. Complex 1 has a minimum inhibitory concentration comparable to that of silver nitrate. Confocal microscopy was used to track the delivery of silver to bacterial targets.
Biofeedback in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory biofeedback resides in the domain of pulmonary rehabilitation. A true understanding of respiratory specific biofeedback must include an understanding of the environment for that therapy. Respiratory biofeedback is not a solitary form of therapy; rather it is a part of a large multimodal team approach to pulmonary rehabilitation. The greater goal is to improve the patients’ ability to adapt to their illnesses by optimizing mental and physical functioning consistent with their pulmonary impairment. Pulmonary rehabilitation treats chronic obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma. The rehabilitation approach is based on the fact that in these chronic conditions the patients adapt by becoming increasingly sedentary, dependent upon others, and reconciled to progressive deterioration. Somewhere in the course of their disease, they enter a vicious cycle of impairment causing disability, causing slowing down, causing more disability. One cannot, therefore, simply treat the physical or the mental portion of this process in exclusion of the other. For therapy to be effective, patients require a thorough comprehension of their disease, the limits of their functional capacity, proper diet, medication, smoking, exercise for both endurance and strength building, and biofeedback techniques. Endurance exercise is a key to improving physical functioning.
PET-CT case examples illustrating revisions of the new lung cancer staging system: What it means to physicians and patients

1086 Learning Objectives 1. Become familiar with important revisions made to the staging system for non-small cell lung cancer. 2. Apply the new staging system in the interpretation of FDG PET-CT scans. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) recently published the 7th edition of the TNM staging system for non-small cell lung cancer. Several revisions were made to the 6th edition that will have an effect on the way physicians interpret PET-CT scans in patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer. We will describe the new staging system, illustrate new features on PET-CT studies, and compare the implications with the older system. Methods: A literature review was performed in an attempt to highlight the major revisions of the new staging system in comparison with the old. A review of PET-CT scans in lung cancer patients was done in order to illustrate examples of patients who would be staged differently under the new system. The most significant changes to the new staging system involve primary lung cancer patients with additional pulmonary nodules within the ipsilateral lung (downstaged) and patients with malignant pleural effusions (upstaged). Conclusion: Knowledge and understanding of the recent changes in lung cancer staging will enhance the diagnostic abilities and contributions of radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians who interpret PET-CT studies
Drosophila forkhead homologues are expressed in a lineage-restricted manner in human hematopoietic cells

The forkhead gene (FKH) regulates morphogenesis in Drosophila. It is the prototype of a new family of transcriptional activators. Partially degenerate oligonucleotides to two conserved amino acid sequences of this family were used to prime a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of HEL cell cDNA. Two unique clones, designated H3 and H8, were isolated that contained homologies to FKH. A third novel clone, 5-3, was isolated by low stringency screening of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cDNA library using H8 as a probe. H3 and 5-3 are preferentially expressed in restricted hematopoietic lineages, while the expression of H8 was ubiquitous. Southern analysis showed that FKH 5-3 is conserved through yeast, which is rare among tissue-specific transcription factors. The H3 and 5-3 clones provide evidence that FKH family members are present in a tissue-restricted manner in humans.
Oral vinorelbine (Navelbine) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A preliminary report

Vinorelbine (Navelbine; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC; Pierre Fabre Medicament, Paris, France) is a novel semisynthetic vinca alkaloid with antitumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer. An oral preparation of this drug is under investigation and was tested in a multicenter phase II study in patients with stage IV measurable or evaluable non-small cell lung cancer. The initial vinorelbine dose was 100 mg/m2/wk (80 mg/m2/wk for patients with prior radiotherapy). Following an initial 37% incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, the dose was reduced by 40 mg/dose. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis were other frequently observed toxicities. A preliminary analysis indicated a response rate of 14%, suggesting activity of this drug when administered orally.
The clinical value of a thorough diagnostic evaluation for neurotologic complaints.

Abstract Purpose Determine the clinical efficacy of comprehensive neurotologic testing in patients presenting with complaints of hearing loss, tinnitus and/or dizziness. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 1170 consecutive charts of patients who presented between 1980 and 2013 with neurotologic complaints. Demographic data, chief complaint, diagnostic imaging, audiograms, and blood tests were evaluated. Results Retrospective analysis of 1170 patient charts was performed. 762/1170 (65%) patients presented with subjective hearing loss, 575/1170 (49%) with dizziness, and 657/1170 (56%) with tinnitus. Audiometric testing revealed hearing loss in 1059/1169 (91%) patients. 536/1120 (48%) patients had abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and 343/1087 (32%) on Computed Tomography imaging. Endocrine and immunologic testing revealed 108/1135 (9.5%) patients were hyperglycemic; 125/1124 (11%) patients had elevated TSH; 149/1141 (13%) patients had a positive ANA; and 82/1133 (7.2%) patients were positive for RF. 198/1083 (18%) of patients were positive for HLA-B35, 246/1083 (23%) for HLA-Cw4, 454/1083 (42%) for HLA-Cw7, and 747/1060 (70%) of patients had absent HLA-DR4. 112/1085 (10%) of patients were positive for anti-68kD antibodies and 154/936 (17%) for protein 0. Many patients were diagnosed with previously unrecognized medical conditions. Conclusion Comprehensive neurotological workup results in diagnoses that would go unrecognized otherwise, allowing patients to receive prompt treatment for medically important conditions, some of which may be causally related to their neurotologic complaints. However, the value of each study for routine testing of patients with neurotologic complaints remains controversial; and the evidence presented herein should help practitioners determine what studies should be included in their patient assessments.
Risk of subsequent fracture after prior fracture among older women

Among 377,561 female Medicare beneficiaries who sustained a fracture, 10% had another fracture within 1 year, 18% within 2 years, and 31% within 5 years. Timely management to reduce risk of subsequent fracture is warranted following all nontraumatic fractures, including nonhip nonvertebral fractures, in older women. Prior fracture is a strong predictor of subsequent fracture; however, postfracture treatment rates are low. Quantifying imminent (12–24 month) risk of subsequent fracture in older women may clarify the need for early postfracture management. This retrospective cohort study used Medicare administrative claims data. Women ≥ 65 years who sustained a clinical fracture (clinical vertebral and nonvertebral fracture; index date) and were continuously enrolled for 1-year pre-index and ≥ 1-year (≥ 2 or ≥ 5 years for outcomes at those time points) post-index were included. Cumulative incidence of subsequent fracture was calculated from 30 days post-index to 1, 2, and 5 years post-index. For appendicular fractures, only those requiring hospitalization or surgical repair were counted. Death was considered a competing risk. Among 377,561 women (210,621 and 10,969 for 2- and 5-year outcomes), cumulative risk of subsequent fracture was 10%, 18%, and 31% at 1, 2, and 5 years post-index, respectively. Among women age 65–74 years with initial clinical vertebral, hip, pelvis, femur, or clavicle fractures and all women ≥ 75 years regardless of initial fracture site (except ankle and tibia/fibula), 7–14% fractured again within 1 year depending on initial fracture site; risk rose to 15–26% within 2 years and 28–42% within 5 years. Risk of subsequent hip fracture exceeded 3% within 5 years in all women studied, except those < 75 years with an initial tibia/fibula or ankle fracture. We observed a high and early risk of subsequent fracture following a broad array of initial fractures. Timely management with consideration of pharmacotherapy is warranted in older women following all fracture types evaluated.
Knowledge Acquisition in the Cockpit Using One-Shot Learning

Intelligent systems for aviation need to be capable of understanding and representing anomalous events as they happen in real-time. We explore this problem with a proof of concept framework based on contextual one-shot learning, run on a human-in-the-loop flight simulator. We ran a total of 24 trials, with variations in training, fliers, and set values within the framework, and found that our framework was able to detect and reason about anomalies in all trials. In future work, we would like to explore different heuristics for anomaly reasoning, including nonlinear interactions of cockpit data, and feedback from the flight crew through psychophysiology sensors or natural language interactions.
The Quest for Functional Biomarkers in the Prefrontal Cortex Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Abstract The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been recognized as one of the most crucial brain regions responsible for cognitive control, thoughts, and actions. Advanced functional imaging has provided tools needed for the sensitive assessment of functional brain activities and also functional abnormalities in various brain regions. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a highly promising neuroimaging modality that provides an efficient way to continuously monitor changes in blood oxygenation in the brain. Functional biomarkers validated and measured from fNIRS data have provided reliable and predictive information on various brain functional disorders. However, selecting optimum biomarkers from a set of hemodynamic features can be extremely challenging. Here, we focus on functional biomarkers driven from fNIRS data and advanced multivariate analysis used to extract those biomarkers. We introduce hemodynamic activation in the left and right prefrontal cortex and the oxygenation variability (OV) index, which is based on variability in oxygen saturation at frequencies attributed to cerebral autoregulation. The OV index has been calculated for toddlers of the age 18–36 months with varying levels of language development in order to compare it with other behavioral measurement. Furthermore, we discuss how multivariate machine learning techniques can be used in order to drive functional biomarkers in the human PFC which can be used as an aid in diagnosis of brain dysfunction such as traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Addressing Counselor Stigma in Working With Female Intimate Partner Violence Survivors

ABSTRACTThough millions of women are affected by intimate partner violence (IPV) every year, research shows that counselors may have biases against women who survive IPV and may shame them for their experiences. There is a lack of proper counselor training about IPV issues, and this may increase the risk that counselors are not providing clients with the necessary help to move past IPV. This article reviews the literature on counselor bias regarding IPV and offers practical strategies to enhance counselor competence in working with female IPV survivors. Recommendations include exploring and bias stigma, increased training in IPV, and education on state laws and policies.
ApGAN: Approximate GAN for Robust Low Energy Learning From Imprecise Components

A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is an adversarial learning approach which empowers conventional deep learning methods by alleviating the demands of massive labeled datasets. However, GAN training can be computationally-intensive limiting its feasibility in resource-limited edge devices. In this paper, we propose an approximate GAN (ApGAN) for accelerating GANs from both algorithm and hardware implementation perspectives. First, inspired by the binary pattern feature extraction method along with binarized representation entropy, the existing Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN) algorithm is modified by binarizing the weights for a specific portion of layers within both the generator and discriminator models. Further reduction in storage and computation resources is achieved by leveraging a novel hardware-configurable in-memory addition scheme, which can operate in the accurate and approximate modes. Finally, a memristor-based processing-in-memory accelerator for ApGAN is developed. The performance of the ApGAN accelerator on different data-sets such as Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10, STL-10, and celeb-A is evaluated and compared with recent GAN accelerator designs. With almost the same Inception Score (IS) to the baseline GAN, the ApGAN accelerator can increase the energy-efficiency by $\sim 28.6\times$ ∼ 28 . 6 × achieving 35-fold speedup compared with a baseline GPU platform. Additionally, it shows 2.5× and 5.8× higher energy-efficiency and speedup over CMOS-ASIC accelerator subject to an 11 percent reduction in IS.
Winning Lebanon: Youth Politics, Populism, and the Production of Sectarian Violence, 1920–1958

By the mid-twentieth century, youth movements around the globe ruled the streets. In Lebanon, young people in these groups attended lectures, sang songs, and participated in sporting events; their music tastes, clothing choices and routine activities shaped their identities. Yet scholars of modern Lebanon often focus exclusively on the sectarian makeup and violent behaviors of these socio-political groupings, obscuring the youth cultures that they forged. Using unique sources to highlight the daily lives of the young men and women of Lebanon's youth politics, Dylan Baun traces the political and cultural history of a diverse set of youth-centric organizations from the 1920s to 1950s to reveal how these youth movements played significant roles in the making of the modern Middle East. Outlining how youth movements established a distinct type of politics and populism, Winning Lebanon reveals that these groups both encouraged the political socialization of different types of youth, and, through their attempts to 'win' Lebanon - physically and metaphorically - around the 1958 War, helped produce sectarian violence.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in a Patient with CKD

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an almost universal phenomenon of CKD that worsens as CKD progresses. It affects 40% of individuals with stage 3 CKD and 82% of individuals with stage 4 CKD ([1][1]). Early management and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism are imperative to preserve bone
Perioperative Assessment and Risk Stratification

The preoperative evaluation of the patient undergoing colorectal surgery is an extremely important aspect in patient overall care. While many surgeons can perform very complex and advanced colorectal procedures, clinical outcomes will be poor if surgeons do not wisely choose patients wisely for surgery and have them properly evaluated to ensure that they are able to tolerate the intended operation. In some cases, depending on the operative risk of the patient, surgeons choose a far less invasive operation to account for the patient’s co-morbidities. For example, fecal diversion rather than an extensive resection in the obstructed patient may be best if the patient has extensive cardiac disease and will not withstand a prolonged general anesthesia. While in many medical centers it has now become the job of the Preoperative Assessment Clinic (PAC) team of nurses and anesthesiologists to ascertain cardiac and overall operative risk in addition to order the necessary tests for the patient preoperatively, it is ultimately the responsibility of the surgeon to assure that the patient undergoing the surgery is properly evaluated and counseled to have good clinical outcomes.
Can the Class Action Be Made Business Friendly

Formal adoption of a class action mechanism is under consideration in New Zealand. The United States has had a robust class action mechanism since 1966, but it is on the wane. The reason is big businesses have turned against it. In this essay, I explain why the business community dislikes the American class action and make some suggestions on how New Zealand might design its own class action to head off similar opposition.
A review and blueprint application of the inquiry design model

Inquiry-based Practice in Social Studies Education (hereafter IBP) offers a conceptual and scholarly rationale for fashioning the social studies classroom experience around guided inquiry processes...
Ensuring maternal health remains a priority during COVID-19 in Asia-Pacific

One of the greatest concerns since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the potential and actual decrease in women seeking care during their pregnancy and delivering safely with a skilled birth attendant in a health facility, as we know these have significant impact on maternal and newborn mortality. Ministries of health, global health agencies including UNFPA and civil society and non-governmental organisations have worked hard to improve access to these services in past decades, and now we see these are threatened by COVID-19 related disruptions.
Rho-GTPase Activating Protein myosin MYO9A identified as a novel candidate gene for monogenic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a podocytopathy leading to kidney failure, whose molecular cause frequently remains unresolved. Here, we describe a rare MYO9A loss of function nonsense heterozygous mutation (p.Arg701∗) as a possible contributor to disease in a sibling pair with familial FSGS/proteinuria. MYO9A variants of uncertain significance were identified by whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 94 biopsy proven patients with FSGS. MYO9A is an unconventional myosin with a Rho-GAP domain that controls epithelial cell junction assembly, crosslinks and bundles actin and deactivates the small GTPase protein encoded by the RHOA gene. RhoA activity is associated with cytoskeleton regulation of actin stress fiber formation and actomyosin contractility. Myo9A was detected in mouse and human podocytes in vitro and in vivo. Knockin mice carrying the p.Arg701∗ MYO9A (Myo9AR701X) generated by gene editing developed proteinuria, podocyte effacement and FSGS. Kidneys and podocytes from Myo9AR701X/+ mutant mice revealed Myo9A haploinsufficiency, increased RhoA activity, decreased Myo9A-actin-calmodulin interaction, impaired podocyte attachment and migration. Our results indicate that Myo9A is a novel component of the podocyte cytoskeletal apparatus that regulates RhoA activity and podocyte function. Thus, Myo9AR701X/+ knock-in mice recapitulate the proband FSGS phenotype, demonstrate that p.R701X Myo9A is an FSGS-causing mutation in mice and suggest that heterozygous loss-of-function MYO9A mutations may cause a novel form of human autosomal dominant FSGS. Hence, identification of MYO9A pathogenic variants in additional individuals with familial or sporadic FSGS is needed to ascertain the gene contribution to disease.
Local Anesthesia Alone for Postaxial Polydactyly Surgery in Infants

Background Surgical excision for postaxial polydactyly type B is advocated to avoid long-term complications. Excision with local anesthesia (LA) in infancy represents a safe and effective treatment for this condition, although general anesthesia (GA) is employed by many surgeons. We present a comparison of surgical outcomes, cost, and time between LA and GA to support widespread change in management. Methods A retrospective review of patients under 12 months of age undergoing surgical polydactyly excision by a single surgeon was performed. Anesthesia type, patient demographics, and complications were recorded. Comparisons were made between LA and GA groups on procedure cost, operating time, length of stay (LOS), and time from procedure end to discharge. Stepwise forward regression was used to identify the best model for predicting total costs. Results Ninety-one infants with a mean age of 3 months (±1.9) were examined; 51 (56%) underwent LA alone, 40 (44%) underwent GA. Mean operating time was 11.53 ± 4.36 minutes, with no difference observed between anesthesia groups (P = .39). LA infants had a significantly shorter LOS (2.5 vs 3.5 hours; P Conclusions This study demonstrates significantly decreased cost, LOS, and time to discharge using LA alone for surgical excision of postaxial polydactyly type B. Results suggest the approach is quick, economical, and avoids the risks of GA in early infancy.
Facilitating Compound Entry as a Means to Discover Antibiotics for Gram-Negative Bacteria

It has been over half a century since the last class of antibiotics active against the most problematic Gram-negative bacteria was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The major challenge with developing antibiotics to treat these infections is not drug-target engagement but rather the inability of most small molecules to traverse the Gram-negative membranes, be retained, and accumulate within the cell. Despite an abundance of lead compounds, limited understanding of the physicochemical properties needed for compound accumulation (or avoidance of efflux) in Gram-negative bacteria has precluded a generalizable approach for developing Gram-negative antibiotics. Indeed, in many instances, despite years of intensive derivatization efforts and the synthesis of hundreds of compounds aimed at building in Gram-negative activity, little or no progress has been made in expanding the spectrum of activity for many Gram-positive-only antibiotics. In this Account, we describe the discovery and successful applications of a promising strategy for enhancing the accumulation of Gram-positive-only antibiotics as a means of imbuing compounds with broad-spectrum activity.Utilizing a prospective approach examining the accumulation in Escherichia coli for more than 180 diverse compounds, we found that small molecules have an increased likelihood to accumulate in E. coli when they contain an ionizable N itrogen, have low T hree-dimensionality, and are R igid. Implementing these guidelines, codified as the "eNTRy rules" and assisted by web application www.entry-way.org, we have facilitated compound entry and systematically built Gram-negative activity into Gram-positive-only antibiotics. Though each antibiotic will have case-specific considerations, we describe a set of important criteria to consider when selecting candidate Gram-positive-only antibiotics for conversion to Gram-negative-active versions via the eNTRy rules. As detailed herein, using this blueprint the spectrum of activity was expanded for three antibiotic classes that engage three different biological targets: DNA gyrase inhibitor 6DNM, FabI inhibitor Debio-1452, and FMN riboswitch inhibitor Ribocil C. In each scenario, the eNTRy rules guided the synthesis of key analogues predisposed to accumulate in Gram-negative bacteria leading to compounds that display antibiotic activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ≤8 μg mL-1) against E. coli and other Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens. While the eNTRy rules will continue to be refined and enhanced as more accumulation data is gathered, on the basis of these collective results and on other examples not covered herein it is clear that the eNTRy rules are actionable for the development of novel broad-spectrum antibiotics from Gram-positive-only compounds. By enabling the prediction of compound accumulation, the eNTRy rules should facilitate the process of discovering and developing novel antibiotics active against Gram-negative bacteria.