cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminaries on Set Theory and Topology

One of the aims of this chapter is to introduce the reader to those parts of set theory and topology that are used frequently in the main theme of this text. While providing these preliminaries, for completeness we also consider here almost all basic concepts in point-set topology. The sections covering this material are presented in a manner somewhat different from that used for the other sections. Thus readers with very little or no background in topology may have to do a little (but not much) extra work while studying these sections.
Design of an impact-driven piezoelectric energy harvester with gravity-induced rotator for wind turbine blade monitoring system (Conference Presentation)

A wireless structure health monitoring (SHM) system for wind turbine blades has been actively researched to realize its low cost and efficient maintenance. A sustainable power supply to the wireless SHM system installed in a rotating blade has been one of the most challenging issue. Vibration energy harvesting via piezoelectricity or electromagnetism can provide a solution, but varied blade rotation and the corresponding random natured vibration make it difficult to design a practical harvester. In this paper, an impact-driven piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is proposed to efficiently generate an electric power at PEH’s natural frequency for any rotation speed of blades. This harvester can be installed within the blade to power the wireless SHM system sustainably. The impact-driven PEH consists of a piezoelectric cantilever beam and a gravity-induced rotator. When the wind turbine blade rotates, the orientation of the cantilever changes but the orientation of the gravity-induced rotator remains fixed to a global coordinate system (defined on the earth). At every rotation cycle, the gravity-induced rotator strikes the cantilever tip, which causes vibration. Then, the piezoelectric cantilever beam generates electric power at PEH’s natural frequency. A testing setup for the proposed PEH is built, by installing the PEH prototype on the blades driven by a DC motor. Experimental result shows that the proposed PEH generates electric power at PEH’s natural frequency for any rotation speed, and average power generated from the proposed PEH is 1.56 mW at the typical blade’s rotation speed of 20 RPM.
Cannabinoids: Potential Role in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Skin Diseases

The endocannabinoid system is a complex and nearly ubiquitous network of endogenous ligands, enzymes, and receptors that can also be stimulated by exogenous compounds such as those derived from the marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa. Recent data have shown that the endocannabinoid system is fully functional in the skin and is responsible for maintaining many aspects of skin homeostasis, such as proliferation, differentiation, and release of inflammatory mediators. Because of its role in regulating these key processes, the endocannabinoid system has been studied for its modulating effects on both inflammatory disorders of the skin and skin cancer. Although legal restrictions on marijuana as a Schedule I drug in the USA have made studying cannabinoid compounds unfavorable, an increasing number of studies and clinical trials have focused on the therapeutic uses of cannabinoids. This review seeks to summarize the current, and rapidly expanding field of research on the broad potential uses of cannabinoids in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the skin.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Vancomycin with Concomitant Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Cefepime, or Meropenem.

Critically ill patients are frequently treated with empirical antibiotic therapy, including vancomycin and β-lactams. Recent evidence suggests an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who received a combination of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam (VPT) compared with patients who received vancomycin alone or vancomycin in combination with cefepime (VC) or meropenem (VM), but most studies were conducted predominately in the non-critically ill population. A retrospective cohort study that included 2,492 patients was conducted in the intensive care units of a large university hospital with the primary outcome being the development of any AKI. The rates of any AKI, as defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, were 39.3% for VPT patients, 24.2% for VC patients, and 23.5% for VM patients (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Similarly, the incidences of stage 2 and stage 3 AKI were also significantly higher for VPT patients than for the patients in the other groups. The rates of stage 2 and stage 3 AKI, respectively, were 15% and 6.6% for VPT patients, 5.8% and 1.8% for VC patients, and 6.6% and 1.3% for VM patients (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). In multivariate analysis, the use of vancomycin in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam was found to be an independent predictor of AKI (odds ratio [OR], 2.161; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.620 to 2.883). In conclusion, critically ill patients receiving the combination of VPT had the highest incidence of AKI compared to critically ill patients receiving either VC or VM.
Personalized prognostication in head and neck cancer: A systematic review of nomograms according to the AJCC precision medicine core (PMC) criteria

Background The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Precision Medicine Core (PMC) has recognized the need for more personalized probabilistic predictions above the "TNM" staging system and has recently released a checklist of inclusion and exclusion criteria for evaluating prognostic models. Methods A systematic review of articles in which nomograms were created for head and neck cancer (HNC) was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The AJCC PMC criteria were used to score the individual studies. Results Forty-four studies were included in the final qualitative analysis. The mean number of inclusion criteria met was 9.3 out of 13, and the mean number of exclusion criteria met was 2.1 out of 3. Studies were generally of high quality, but no single study fulfilled all of the AJCC PMC criteria. Conclusion This is the first study to utilize the AJCC checklist to comprehensively evaluate the published prognostic nomograms in HNC. Future studies should attempt to adhere to the AJCC PMC criteria. Recommendations for future research are given. Summary The AJCC recently released a set of criteria to grade the quality of prognostic cancer models. In this study, we grade all published nomograms for head and neck cancer according to the new guidelines.
Declining testicular function in the aging stallion: Management options and future therapies

Declining fertility in association with declining testicular function is commonly seen as stallions age and can be the cause of significant economic losses in the equine breeding industry. This manuscript describes how to clinically recognize the signs of age-related declining testicular function (testicular degeneration) and also provides mare and stallion management strategies for improving reproductive outcomes. Finally, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is presented, including the results of recent studies that are beginning to uncover the underlying causes for age-related declines in testicular function in stallions. These new findings provide a basis for possible future treatments that could delay the effects of aging on the testis.
Semantic constraint and pragmatic nonconformity for expressives: compatibility condition on slurs, epithets, anti-honorifics, intensifiers, and mitigators

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to propose the Compatibility Condition for multiple expressive elements in Korean, which is highly applicable in other languages. Exploring the behavior of ethnic slurs in the presence of other regular expressive elements, I show the systematicity of how various expressive items interact with one another. For this purpose, looking at Korean is advantageous since it extensively makes use of expressives across lexical categories. In doing so, I try to answer two main questions that haven't been taken seriously before. First, the multiple occurrences of identical expressives are known to be possible, but what about co-occurrences of different expressives with varying attitudes, including the conflicting ones? Do they freely occur within one utterance? If not, what constrains their compatibility condition and the degree of the compatibility? To solve this puzzle, I investigate the dynamic paradigm of multiple expressives. I propose the Compatibility Condition Model (CCM) and the Compatibility Condition Index (CCI), showing how a language like Korean constrains the possible co-occurrences of various types of expressives such as slurs, epithets, anti-honorifics, intensifiers, or mitigators. Second, how strict is the Compatibility Condition of expressives, and what happens if the condition is flouted? I show how in practice people intentionally flout the Compatibility Condition to achieve various pragmatic effects, presenting four interesting cases: (i) the juxtaposition of opposite attitudes with stronger pragmatic effects such as sarcasm, irony, or hyperbole; (ii) the well-known flip-flop of bipolar emotional index; (iii) the code-switching at Honorific-dimension as a strategy of modulating social distance; and (iv) the question of whether Emotion- and Honorific-dimensions operate autonomously. The result supports the notion of multidimensionality (Potts, 2005 et seq.) and furthermore the newfound hybrid nature of Conditional Autonomy, i.e., autonomy with intercommunication amongst expressive dimensions.
Plasmacytoma development in mice injected with silicone gels.

Peritoneal plasmacytoma (PCT) development in mice depends upon the cooperative action of multiple factors: the genotype of the host (1–3); the deregulation of the transcription of c-myc usually by some form of chromosomal rearrangement of which translocation is the most common mechanism (4); induction of a chronic inflammatory tissue by an inducing agent; the special physiology of the peritoneal space (5,6); and an active immune system that is provided by rearing in a conventional environment (7). Each factor is required, but no single one is sufficient to transform a B-lymphocyte into an autonomously proliferating plasma cell. The factors are in themselves complex. Several genes have been located on chromosome 4 in the mouse that determine susceptibility or resistance to PCT induction by the paraffin oil pristane (2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentdecane) (2,3). Different kinds of chromosomal rearrangements can cause deregulation of c-myc [see (4) for review]. And relevant to the present meeting there appears to be no specificity in the materials that induce the chronic inflammation. Solid plastic objects (8), paraffin oils (9) and silicone gels (10) all appear to be effective and each induces a different form of chronic inflammation. However, as discussed below not all types of chronic inflammatory tissues provide effective microenvironments for PCT development. In this presentation an update on our studies on silicone gel induced PCT development in the highly induction susceptible BALB/c congenic strain of mice, BALB/cAnPt.DBA/2N-Idhl-Pep3 (C.D2-I/P) (3,10) is given. This strain has been selected for these studies as it gives a consistent high yield of PCTs with relatively short latent periods.
Frequent HLA class I and DP sequence mismatches in serologically (HLA- A, HLA-B, HLA-DR) and molecularly (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1) HLA- identical unrelated bone marrow transplant pairs [published erratum appears in Blood 1994 Jun 15;83(12):3834]

The rates of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and rejection are significantly higher among recipients of unrelated donor marrow (BM) than in recipients of marrow from HLA-identical siblings, even when donors and recipients are mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) compatible and serologically and Dw identical. It has been hypothesized that phenotypically silent HLA class I and DP sequence mismatches might be associated with these differences, but little is known about their incidence. We have sequenced the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, and HLA- DPB1 genes expressed by 12 unrelated marrow transplant pairs, 11 of whom were molecularly matched at DRB, DQA1, and DQB1 loci. Nine of these pairs were also HLA-A and HLA-B matched by serology. Six of these nine “HLA-identical” pairs were HLA-A (2 of 6), HLA-B (1 of 6), and HLA- C (6 of 6) mismatched at the sequence level. The mismatched class I alleles of all these pairs had strikingly different sequence motifs in the six specificity pockets of their antigen recognition site, and in five pairs they also had sequence differences at positions implicated in T-cell receptor (TCR) binding. Two of the three pairs who were serologically mismatched for one HLA-A or HLA-B antigen were also sequence mismatched at HLA-C. Finally, 10 of 11 pairs tested expressed different DP sequences. These data indicate that HLA class I, especially HLA-C, and DP sequence mismatches are frequent among unrelated subjects defined as HLA identical by current typing methods. We speculate that these sequence differences may explain, at least in part, the higher incidence of acute GVHD and rejection in unrelated BM transplantation as opposed to transplantation between HLA-identical siblings. Because of their high frequency, the role of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DP mismatches in transplantation outcome is now amenable to direct study.
Solitary waves in power-law deformable conduits with laminar or turbulent fluid flow

Fluid flow through pipe-like conduits embedded in viscously deformable material occurs in many natural systems, including magma transport in the Earth’s mantle and channelized water flow beneath glaciers. Here, we present and explore a model of fluid flow in viscously deformable conduits that unifies previously published models of magmatic and glacial systems. Previous results for magmatic systems have demonstrated the existence of solitary wave solutions for the case of laminar flow in Newtonian conduits. Here we extend these models to allow turbulent fluid flow in power-law materials consistent with models used in subglacial hydrology. The generalized model encompasses both laminar and turbulent fluid flow, and the solid matrix may deform according to any power-law rheology. A quasilinear approximation of the governing equations is introduced, along with an initial condition that develops into a perfect step shock. This initial condition is used in numerical solution of the full nonlinear system where a dispersive wave train forms at shock time. We show that solitary wave solutions exist for all parameters. Rheology-dependent flattening of the wave peaks is investigated. In the limit of a perfectly plastic matrix, the solitary waves approach square waves asymptotically. Motivated by subglacial hydrology models, we study the effect of discharge-dependent melting on evolution of the solitary waves. We find that melting focuses at the wave peaks, causing the waves to grow and accelerate over time.
Topology and correlations on the kagome lattice.

Both a Dirac band and a flat band — signatures of topology and correlation — are found in a prototypical antiferromagnetic kagome lattice compound FeSn.
From General to Diplomat: The Success and Failure of George C. Marshall’s Mission to China after World War II

In January 1946, President Truman sent George Marshall to China to unite the U.S.-favored Chinese Nationalist Party, headed by Chiang Kai-shek, and the Chinese Communist Party, headed by Mao Tse-tu...
A 25×50Gb/s 2.22pJ/b NRZ RX with Dual-Bank and 3-Tap Speculative DFE for Microprocessor Application in 7nm FinFET CMOS

This work presents an NRZ receiver (RX) implementation for microprocessor application in 7nm FinFET CMOS technology. It covers data rate from 25 to 50Gb/s and features on-chip AC coupling to support a wide input common-mode range. The RX includes two identical banks with their own clock and data recovery (CDR) to dynamically tackle parameter drift over time. A quarter-rate 3-tap fully speculative decision feedback equalizer (DFE) opens eyes over channel with 30dB insertion loss. Current-mode logic (CML) based clock path boasts three degrees of freedom of phase adjustment and random jitter (RJ) attenuation to broaden the eyes. At 0.9V supply the energy efficiency is 2.22pJ/b with 28% eye opening (BER=10−12) at 50Gb/s with PRBS31 and channel loss of 20dB.
Measuring patient perceptions of surgeon communication performance in the treatment of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer using the communication assessment tool.

Abstract Background Thyroid surgeons are offering their patients less aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic management strategies for thyroid nodules and low-risk thyroid cancer in an effort to decrease overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent disease. Explaining the rationale for less aggressive management plans requires physicians to be effective communicators. We aimed to assess the communication skills of thyroid surgeons with the Makoul Communication Assessment Tool and to identify risk factors for poor communication. Methods New adult patients with thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer presenting to a single tertiary-referral endocrine surgery clinic were enrolled from July 2018 through December 2019. Patients were administered the Communication Assessment Tool immediately after their clinical encounter. Outlier communication scores were identified, and clinical characteristics were compared between outlier and nonoutlier groups. Results A total of 107 patients completed the Communication Assessment Tool. Mean (standard deviation) total and top box scores were 67 (6) and 86% (29%), respectively. Twenty-five patients (23%) were in the low-outlier group, defined by a total score below 67.5/70 or top box score below 82.25%. Other race and non-Hispanic patients (versus white race) were more likely low outliers (odds ratio 3.58, P = .048). The lowest scoring Communication Assessment Tool item overall was “the doctor encouraged me to ask questions” (78.5% top box). Conclusion We found communication to be perceived as excellent in the majority of patients; however, an opportunity for improvement was identified in 29% of participants. Significant differences in race and ethnicity between low outlier and nonoutlier communication score patients were observed, which warrants additional investigation. These findings support the utility of the Communication Assessment Tool in studying the effectiveness of communication improvement initiatives.
Refining the guilt proneness construct and theorizing about its role in conformity and deviance in organizations

Abstract Research on guilt proneness in the workplace has flourished over the past decade. Here we attempt to refine the construct, outlining its positive psychological mechanisms and clarifying how it relates to desired employee outcomes. We present a theoretical framework that explains how guilt-prone employees react and attempt to resolve, conflicting normative expectations, generating specific predictions about the relationship between guilt proneness and various forms of conformity and deviance. Specifically, we posit that guilt proneness relates positively to constructive conformity (e.g., high motivation and job performance) and negatively to destructive deviance (e.g., counterproductive work behavior) when employees perceive alignment between moral and organizational norms. If misalignment exists, and employees believe they can reconcile this misalignment, guilt proneness spurs constructive deviance in the form of dissent, voicing, and whistleblowing. When realignment appears unlikely, higher guilt-prone employees will choose to leave the organization rather than support its objectionable acts (i.e., avoiding destructive conformity). Overall, we offer a new perspective on the function of guilt proneness at work—conceptualizing guilt proneness as a source of motivation to adhere to organizational norms and to change these norms to align with moral ideals.
The Importance of Production Networks and Sectoral Heterogeneity for Monetary Policy

Abstract In this paper I develop a multi-sector model with price frictions, production networks, trend inflation and different types of shocks to study how these conditions affect the properties of inflation and their implications for monetary policy. Calibrating the model to the U.S. economy my results show that in this setting inflation becomes 30% less sensitive to the output-gap compared to a standard one-sector model. Furthermore, in the multi-sector model inflation is affected by sectoral variables linked to between-sector and within-sector price distortions. This fact adds inertia to the inflationary process and makes monetary policy less effective. Additionally, the welfare costs of trend inflation increase by one order of magnitude in the multi-sector model compared to the standard one-sector model. The amplification is quantitatively explained by between-sector rather than within-sector price distortions. This suggests that one-sector models and models without heterogeneity underestimate the costs of long-run inflation and the efficacy of monetary policy to fight inflation.
Erdheim-Chester Disease in the Brainstem Mimicking Tumefactive Demyelination. (P2.381)

Objective: We present a case of Erdheim-Chester disease in the brainstem that mimicked tumefactive demyelination. Background: Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare condition with variable presentation that can involve the central nervous system. Biopsy, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The differential diagnosis between severe demyelination and neoplastic disease can be very challenging. Design/Methods: 58-year-old man with slowly progressive left sided hearing loss and ear pain that was found to have an expansile enhancing lesion on the brainstem extending to the cerebellar peduncles on routine imaging done after he suffered a motor vehicle accident. Further imaging showed a 2mm enhancing lesion in the spinal cord at the level of C2. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal except for elevated protein at 85mg/dL. Cytology did not show malignant cells. Stereotactic biopsy showed hypercellular brain tissue with CD163 immunoreactive macrophages. Ki-67 was 5%. IDH1 r132h, p53, sv40 and H3K27M were negative. ATRX and NeuN were positive. Olig2 highlighted oligodendrocytes. Relative preservation of axons identified by neurofilament and synaptophysin suggested a demyelinating process. Tumefactive demyelination was initially diagnosed. Clinical and radiographic worsening occurred after high dose steroid treatment, plasma exchange and cyclophosphamide prompting to search for an alternative diagnosis. Results: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed decreased NAA and increased choline. After his treatment with cyclophosphamide, additional testing demonstrated a positive BRAF V600E mutation on tissue sequencing and peripheral circulating DNA. Tissue was negative CD1a which lead to a diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester Disease. He is being started on combined BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy. Conclusions: In cases of atypical brain lesions, careful consideration of unusual conditions for adequate molecular testing is very important for pathological diagnosis. Brainstem lesions in which biopsy is particularly challenging, circulating tumor DNA and other liquid biopsy techniques may become useful for a non-invasive diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. Prieto Eibl has nothing to disclose. Dr Gonzalez has nothing to disclose.
Amino acids and peptides: XLI. A possible active site homology between carbonic anhydrase and β-lipotropin hormone

Abstract The hexapeptide l -histidyl- l -phenylalanyl- l -histidyl- l -tryptophanyl-glycyl- l -serine was synthesized because of its possible relationship to the known active-site residues in both carbonic anhydrase and β-lipotropin. The compound possessed weak anhydrase activity.
Fluidity of Membrane Lipids

In considering the various fatty acids that occur in living cells, we have questioned whether or not unsaturated fatty acids serve only to establish membrane fluidity. If this were their only role, then the wide variety of acyl structures that occurs in nature seems unnecessary since oleate (cis-9–18: 1) or palmitoleate (cis-9–16:1) appears capable of giving whatever fluidity would be required for a cellular membrane. Many membrane-related events are frequently regarded to have a good qualitative correlation with the apparent state of lipid fluidity in a way that provides little incentive to look beyond that correlative relationship. If some role for unsaturated acids beyond fluidity does occur, we will need a careful examination of the data to make it evident. This review examines quantitative evidence on the degree to which the contribution of an acyl chain to membrane fluidity influences cell function. The information is presented in a format that facilitates recognition of acyl chain effects that might be attributed to phenomena other than fluidity.
Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty

Recent reports with up to 10-year clinical follow-up have demonstrated that cementless total knee arthroplasty can yield excellent results in young, active patients when sound implant design principles and surgical techniques are followed. Intimate apposition of the prosthesis to host bone is achieved with instrumentation that allows precise bone resection, and by the routine application of morselized autogenous bone chips to the cut surfaces. Revision of cementless total knee components without porous-coated pegs, keels, or stems has proven to be bone-sparing, which is an important consideration in the younger patient who may outlive their prosthesis. The authors believe that cementless fixation is a superior alternative to cemented fixation for primary total knee arthroplasty in younger patients with higher functional demands and good bone stock.
Ein zeitgemäßer Blick auf die psychodynamische Psychotherapie und deren Zukunft

Die moderne Psychotherapie, die sich seit dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zu entwickeln begann, ist mittlerweile enorm komplex und popular geworden. Manchmal ist die Rede davon, die Psychotherapie sei eine langst auser Kontrolle geratene Billionen-Dollar-Industrie. Besonders in den westlichen Landern und in den USA ist Psychotherapie von groser gesellschaftlicher Bedeutung, wobei hier eine besondere Affinitat zu allen Behandlungen besteht, die Hilfe bei emotionalen Storungen, aber auch bei diffuseren „Lebensproblemen“ verspricht. Parallel zur Entwicklung psychotherapeutischer Methoden gewann die empirische Forschung im Hinblick auf verschiedene Aspekte der Psychotherapie an Gewicht, was sich an einer Fulle von Literatur nachzeichnen lasst, die graduell auch die Theorie und Praxis beeinflusst hat. Ich mochte in meinem Beitrag kurz die Geschichte der Psychotherapieforschung skizzieren und — bevor ich einige Schlussfolgerungen uber die Zukunft der Psychotherapie ableite — Beispiele berichten, die aus einem Forschungsprogramm stammen, das ich zusammen mit anderen seit den fruhen 50er-Jahren durchgefuhrt habe. Ich habe selbst zu dieser Geschichte beitragen konnen und mochte zeigen, dass die Psychotherapieforschung sowohl in der Breite als auch in der Tiefe gewachsen ist und dass sie mittlerweile einen Differenzierungsgrad erreicht hat, der vor wenigen Jahrzehnten noch gar nicht denkbar gewesen ware.
Terrestrial LF bursts : Escape paths and wave intensification

The WAVES instrument on Wind not infrequently observes relatively brief, low-frequency drifting radio bursts (LF bursts), notable for their apparent propagation through the electron plasma frequency cutoff in the Earth's magnetosheath and sometimes extending down nearly to the local plasma frequency of the solar wind itself. We identify for the first time that the characteristic group-velocity dispersion of LF bursts occurs in two separate frequency bands, along with considerable wave intensification. We use these observations to help identify separate frequency-dependent paths of escape of the waves from the magnetosphere. Waves near the solar wind plasma frequency must escape from the very deep tail; waves near the magnetosheath plasma frequency must escape from near the nose. The intensifications are a natural consequence of wave focussing into the boundary normal direction. Finally, an unusual LF event is identified that independently confirms a deep-tail escape of the lowest frequency portion of the waves.
Water and Nutrient Retention Properties of Internally Porous Inorganic Amendments in High Sand Content Root Zones

ABSTRACT Internally porous inorganic amendments (IPIA'S) are thought to improve water and nutrient retention of root zones. This study examined the performance of three amendment materials, a cla-cined clay and two diatomaceous earth products when added to high sand root zone mixes. Water retention aspects focused on the capacity of these materials to retain water and the soil water pressure head where water within the internal pore space is released. Nutrient retention aspects focused on the root zone mix CEC, selectivity of K vs. Ca on exchange sites, and impact of these characteristics on nutrient leaching. All IPIA'S retained water in the internal porosity, yet diatomaceous earth materials contained a larger proportion internally than calcined clay. The diatomaceous earth products also released water from the internal pore space at slightly less negative pressure heads than clacined clay. Yet, all IPIA'S released water from the internal pore space at relatively low soil water suction. All IPIA'S exhib...
Introduction: modern architecture and the book

This issue of The Journal of Architecture explores the modern architectural book not only as an object of historiographic inquiry, but also as a specific medium with an internal logic of communicat...
Die Mitarbeiter der Unternehmung

Menschliche Arbeit kann unterschieden werden: 1. nach der Art der Tatigkeit in korperliche Arbeit und geistige Arbeit, 2. nach der Stellung des Arbeitnehmers im Unternehmen in ausfuhrende und leitende Arbeit, 3. nach der Vorbildung des Arbeitnehmers in gelernte, angelernte und ungelernte Arbeit.
Sorption of Organic Contaminants

Sorption of organic contaminants plays a dominant role in their rate of transport through porous media such as soils, sediments and aquifers. The rate of abiotic and biotic transformations may also be significantly altered by sorption. This paper presents a brief overview of the current knowledge base on sorption of organic contaminants by natural sorbents, and examines several emerging issues that need further study. Partitioning into sorbent organic matter is viewed as the predominant process for sorption of nonpolar organics from aqueous solutions, and various methods have been proposed for estimating sorption/partition coefficients. Recent experimental and theoretical work has established a basis for predicting organic contaminants sorption from polar mixed solvents (mixtures of water and miscible cosolvents). Data on sorption of ionic and ionogenic organic compounds (e.g., phenols, amines) are limited, and initial efforts are underway to develop models for such sorbates. There also has been a recent resurgence of interest in studying vapor-phase sorption and transport of volatile organic compounds. Much of the early work on sorption dealt with equilibrium sorption, but considerable advances have been made in characterizing and predicting sorption nonequilibrium as well. Molecular-scale measurements are needed in order to provide direct, unequivocal evidence for selection among several contending phenomenological models proposed for describing sorption equilibrium and kinetics.
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome without cutaneous manifestations: A rare presentation of chronic anemia

Abstract Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multifocal venous malformations that can result in bleeding and anemia. We describe an 11-year-old girl without cutaneous manifestations who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding from lesions incompletely identified with noninvasive imaging modalities. She was successfully treated with surgical resection.
Analyzing the Dark Silicon Phenomenon in a Many-Core Chip Multi-Processor under Deeply-Scaled Process Technologies

The impact of dark silicon phenomenon on multicore processors under deeply-scaled FinFET technologies is investigated in this paper. To do this accurately, a cross-layer framework, spanning device, circuit, and architecture levels is initially introduced. Using this framework, leakage and dynamic power consumptions as well as frequency levels of in-order and out-of-order (OoO) processor cores, and on-chip cache memories and routers in a network-on-chip-based chip multiprocessor system synthesized in 7nm FinFET technology and operating in both super- and near-threshold voltage regimes are presented. Subsequently, total power consumptions of multicore chips manufactured with (i) OoO and (ii) in-order processor cores are reported and compared. According to our results, for a 64-core chip and 15W thermal design power budget, 64% and 39% dark silicon are observed in OoO and in-order multicores, respectively, under super-threshold regime. These percentages drop to 19% and 0% for OoO and in-order multicores operating in the near-threshold regime, respectively. Furthermore, the highest energy efficiencies are achieved by operating in the near-threshold regime, which points to the effectiveness of near-threshold computing in mitigating the effect of dark silicon phenomenon under deeply-scaled technologies.
Postvitellogenic metabolism of the mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) ovary

Abstract Adult Culex quinquefasciatus retain mature eggs until a suitable oviposition site is available. Females were fed blood, and then maintained either on sugar (control) or on water (starving). Seven days later, egg rafts of starving females contained 60% of the glycogen that was found in the controls. If starving females are fed on sugar for one day glycogen is restored to control levels. Feeding on sugar for 7 days, followed by 7 days on water also diminished the glycogen of egg rafts by 40%. When females were fed on blood, then starved for 5 days or more, the incorporation of [ 14 C]glucose into the glycogen of ovaries incubated in vitro was 10–15 times higher than that of sugar-fed controls. Synthesis in vitro was similar to that in vivo . For the first two days after the blood meal, during yolk formation, the ovary did not synthesize glycogen or lipids. The incorporation of [ 14 C]glucose into lipids was less than into glycogen, and was also stimulated by starvation. These results indicate, that the postvitellogenic mosquito oocyte remains permeable to certain haemolymph constituents and contains glycogen and lipid-synthesizing enzymes that are activated by sugar-deprivation, after chorionation and degeneration of follicular epithelium.
Single-shot half k-space high-resolution gradient-recalled EPI for fMRI at 3 Tesla.

Half k-space gradient-recalled echo-planar imaging (GR-EPI) is discussed in detail. T2* decay during full k-space GR-EPI gives rise to unequal weighting of the lines of k-space, loss of signal intensity at the center of k-space, and a point-spread function that limits resolution. In addition, the long readout time for high-resolution full k-space acquisition gives rise to severe susceptibility effects. These problems are substan tially reduced by acquiring only half of k-space and filling the empty side by Hermitian conjugate formation. Details of the pulse sequence and image reconstruction are presented. The point-spread function is 3½ times narrower for half than full k-space acquisition. Experiments as well as theoretical con siderations were carried out in a context of fMRI using a whole-brain local gradient and an RF coil at 3 Tesla. Using a bandwidth of ±83 kHz, well-resolved single-shot images of the human brain, as well as good quality fMRl data sets were obtained with a matrix of 192 × 192 over 16 × 16 cm2 FOV using half k-space techniques. The combination of high spa tial resolution using the methods presented in this article and the high temporal resolution of EPI opens opportunities for research into fMRl contrast mechanisms. Increase of percent signal change as the resolution increases is attributed to reduction of partial volume effects of activated voxels. Histo grams of fMRl pixel responses are progressively weighted to higher percent signal changes as the resolution increases. The conclusion has been reached that half k-space GR-EPI is generally superior to full k-space GR-EPI and should be used even for low-resolution (64 × 64) EPI.
Minimizing the time required for DNA amplification by efficient heat transfer to small samples

Hot-air temperature cycling of 1- to 10-microliters samples in glass capillary tubes can amplify DNA by the polymerase chain reaction in 15 min or less. A rapid temperature cycler of low thermal mass was constructed to change sample temperatures among denaturation, annealing, and elongation segments in a few seconds. After 30 cycles of 30 s each, a 536-bp beta-globin fragment of human genomic DNA was easily visualized with ethidium bromide on agarose gels. With rapid cycling, amplification yield depended on polymerase concentration. The time required for DNA amplification can be markedly reduced from prevailing protocols if appropriate equipment and sample containers are used for rapid heat transfer to the sample.
Experimentation, Imitation, and Stochastic Stability: Addendum

Results from D. Gale and R. W. Rosenthal [J. Econ. Theory84 (1999), 1–40] are extended to characterize convergence properties of the model for (almost) every set of parameters. In particular, there is a sharp delineation between the parameter region in which the process of experimentation and imitation converges almost surely to the equilibrium and another region in which the process is only weakly convergent (unstable in the small but not too unstable). Journal of Economic Literature. Classification Number: D83.
Biology of Slug-Killing Tetanocera (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)

Information is presented on the life cycle and feeding habits of larvae of 3 Nearctic species of slug-killing Tetanocera. T. plebeia (Loew) and T. valida (Loew) are host specific as newly hatched larvae for Deroceras laeve (Muller) and D. reticulatum (Muller) slugs. The young larvae of T. plebeia remain for several days under the mantle of the host, where they apparently feed on proteinaceous secretions. The older larvae are overt predators of terrestrial gastropods and utilize a paralyzing neurotoxin. The lst-stage larvae of T. valida invade the invaginated eye tentacles of their hosts and remain in place until the 3rd instar is attained. They then become predaceous, but in contrast to those of T. plebeia , the older larvae of T. valida invade the mouth of their Deroceras prey and usually do not cause death until 8–24 hours later. All 3 instars of T. clara Loew are restricted to Pallifera and small Philomycus . The newly hatched larvae invade the mouth of the host, where they remain until the 3rd instar. Like those of T. valida , the older larvae of T. clara are predaceous and invade the mouth of their prey. They do not kill the slug until several hours later. All 3 species consume between 2 and 8 slugs during the 20–30 days of larval life. Puparia are formed in surface litter. All 3 species are multivoltine and overwinter as pupae in diapause.
The radical personality: Social psychological correlates of new left ideology

This paper describes and tests a model of radical personality based upon social psychological correlates of New Left ideology. Following methodological criticism of studies that portrayed radicals as psychologically “liberated,” a model of psychopolitical rebellion is described as an inverted form of authoritarian personality. This model was tested by administering projective psychological instruments to a large sample of American college students during 1971–73. As hypothesized, radicalism was associated with measures of power motivation, narcissim, self-assertive psychosocial orientation, lack of affiliative motivation, and perceptions of protest and militancy as sources of power. The developmental sources of rebellion are also examined, and the implications for studies of personality and politics are discussed.
Self-Control and Forgiveness: A Meta-Analytic Review

In the 12 years since scholars first investigated the link between self-control and forgiveness (Finkel & Campbell, 2001), the literature investigating this relation has grown rapidly. The present article reports a meta-analytic review of this link across 40 independent samples and 5,105 independent observations. In addition, it investigates an array of potential moderators. Results revealed that the overall link between self-control and forgiveness is statistically robust and small to moderate in magnitude (r = .18). Consistent with the prevailing theoretical models, this link is stronger when forgiveness is assessed in terms of low vengeance (resisting retaliation: r = .31) rather than in terms of high benevolence (fostering prosociality: r = .16). Discussion focuses on the potentially crucial role of forgiveness, especially vengeance inhibition, in linking self-control to relationship well-being.
Abstract 3491: Development of a new approach to kill non-small cell lung cancer cells with resistance to standard chemotherapy using parthenolide analogues

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide. The poor prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is due, in part, to emergence of tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Recent data indicate that human tumors including NSCLC contain a small subset of cancer stem/ progenitor cells (CSC) responsible for drug resistance and tumor maintenance. If such minute subsets of CSC drive tumor formation and drug resistance, therapies targeting the bulk tumor mass but not CSC will fail. We now confirm identification of subpopulations of chemotherapy-resistant human NSCLC cells with enrichment for CSC biomarkers and exhibiting significant CSC activity. We identified CD133+/ALDH+ tumor stem/progenitor cells from human lung cancer cells in vitro using established Aldefluor assays in combination with labeled anti-CD133 antibodies. Estrogen, a known risk factor for lung cancer progression, stimulated a modest increase in the numbers of CSC. In contrast to control CD133-/ALDH- tumor cell subsets, CSC subpopulations grew as tumor spheres and maintained self-renewal capacity in vitro and exhibited a greater tumorigenic capability than non-CSC subsets in vivo, properties indicative of CSC. Furthermore, resistance of CSC-like cells to cisplatin (a standard chemotherapy for NSCLC treatment) was fully reversed by treatment with parthenolide (PTL), a naturally-occurring sesquiterpene lactone compound with strong antitumor activity in leukemia and prostate cancer while sparing normal cells. The antitumor effect of PTL appears due to its action as a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor-βB (NF-κB) which is markedly activated by chemotherapy. To target CSC and suppress tumor progression, we synthesized and tested novel analogs of PTL with improved antitumor properties and aqueous solubility. PTL analogs inhibit proliferation of H157 NSCLC cells using both bulk cell preparations and CSC-subpopulations, with effects significantly different from control at P Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3491. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3491
EFFECT OF STRESS, ADRENALECTOMY, HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND HYDROCORTISONE ON THE CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING ACTIVITY OF RAT MEDIAN EMINENCE.

Changes in the corticotropinreleasing activity of the median eminence of rats are described following acute stress, adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy or cortisol treatment. The CRF content of the median eminence began increasing 5 days after adrenalectomy until it attained a concentration 2–2½ times that of normal animals 20 days after the removal of the adrenals. This level was subsequently maintained for at least another 30 days. The CRF content of the median eminence of rats 48 hr after hypophysectomy did not differ from normal controls. There was a rapid and marked increase in the corticotropin- releasing activity of the median eminence 1.25 min after stress in normal, adrenalectomized and hypophysectomized animals. A dose of hydrocortisone that blocks stress-induced ACTH release drastically reduced the corticotropin-releasing activity of median eminence and completely prevented the rise in CRF content of that tissue caused by stress. It is suggested that the close parallelism between the changes occurrin...
Orientation and rate dependence of dislocation nucleation stress computed using molecular dynamics

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate orientation and rate dependence of partial dislocation nucleation in Cu. As the strain rate is reduced from 109 to 107 s−1, the tensile stress required for homogeneous dislocation nucleation is reduced by at most 5%. Furthermore, mild orientation sensitivity is observed in the rate dependence of the critical tensile stress. The computed resolved shear stress for partial dislocation nucleation is consistent with previous ab initio calculations of the theoretical shear strength of Cu.
Direct observation of a cationic ruthenium complex for ethylene insertion polymerization

We report here the first direct observation of a cationic ruthenium complex catalyzing ethylene insertion polymerization. An arene-tethered ruthenium complex (η6-C6H5(CH2)3SCH3RuCl2) (3) was synthesized and shown to be able to catalyze ethylene polymerization upon activation with AlMe2Cl. For mechanistic studies, we synthesized the homologous dimethylated η6-C6H5(CH2)3SCH3Ru(CH3)2 (4) complex, which upon activation with the Brookhart acid ([H(Et2O)2]+ [BAr′4]−) was also active for ethylene insertion polymerization. 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) studies provide direct evidence for a ruthenium cationic [η6-C6H5(CH2)3SCH3Ru(oligomer)]+ complex as the active species during polymerization. This has unambiguously shown for the first time a ruthenium complex as the active species for catalyzing olefin insertion polymerization.
Teledermatology for diagnosis and management of skin conditions: A systematic review

Objective We performed a systematic review of the literature addressing teledermatology: (1) diagnostic accuracy/concordance; (2) management accuracy/concordance; (3) clinical outcomes; and (4) costs. Methods Peer-reviewed controlled trials published in English between 1990 and 2009 were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Results Of 78 included studies, approximately two-thirds comparing teledermatology and clinic dermatology found better diagnostic accuracy with clinic dermatology. Diagnostic concordance of store and forward with clinic dermatology was good; concordance rates for live interactive and clinic dermatology were higher, but based on fewer patients. Overall rates of management accuracy were equivalent, but teledermatology and teledermatoscopy were inferior to clinic dermatology for malignant lesions. Management concordance was fair to excellent. There was insufficient evidence to evaluate clinical course outcomes. Patient satisfaction and preferences were comparable. Teledermatology reduced time to treatment and clinic visits and was cost-effective if certain assumptions were met. Limitations Heterogeneity in studies (design, skin conditions, outcomes) limited the ability to pool data. Conclusion The benefits of teledermatology need to be evaluated in the context of potential limitations.
Planar Four-Bar Path Generation with Static Structural Conditions

A planar four-bar path generation model that also includes mechanism static structural conditions is formulated and demonstrated in this work. Using this model, planar four-bar path generators are also synthesized with respect to static torque, deflection constraints and buckling constraints for a given rigid-body load.