cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-simulator assessment of trade-offs arising from mixture of color cuing and monocular, binoptic, and stereopsis cuing information

Research done to assess the tradeoffs arising from the mixture of color cueing and monocular, binocular, and stereopsis cueing information in peripheral monitoring displays encountered in helmet-mounted display (HMD) systems is discussed. The accompanying effect of stereopsis cueing in the foveal display of tracking information was assessed. A description of the simulator as well as experimental results are provided. The results of this experiment indicate that binoptic display of monitoring information in the right-peripheral region, with color cueing as an alerting function, to such information, and stereopsis cueing in the central region of the display, were the most effective display conditions examined. To obtain the advantages, of binocular summation with binoptic displays in the peripheral region, a sacrifice in total field of view (FOV) is required. The performance gains realized from binoptic or stereopsis cueing over monocular display in the periphery require a loss of total FOV that may not be justified for all applications. >
Specific 125I-somatomedin receptor on circulating human mononuclear cells.

Abstract Somatomedin is a growth hormone-stimulated peptide purified from plasma which has in vitro actions on cartilage and other tissues. Specific receptor sites for somatomedin distinct from insulin receptor sites have been described for many tissues. This study demonstrates the existence of a specific 125I-somatomedin receptor site on circulating human mononuclear cells. This will provide an easily accessible human source for the study of changes in somatomedin receptors in disease states.
Temperature and pressure effects on the fatty acids of some marine ectotherms

Abstract 1. 1. The fatty acids of a variety of temperate water marine ectotherms were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and the results compared with similar spectra from Arctic species. The comparison showed that the lower temperatures led to a complete loss of stearic acid, a marked reduction of palmitic acid and a great increase in palmitoleic acid. 2. 2. Ectotherms from deep water off the Southern California coast had a fatty acid distribution which was unique for the high levels of oleic acid. 3. 3. It is believed that these changes are a means of keeping protoplasmic viscosity within the range necessary for normal metabolic processes. 4. 4. Fatty acid patterns show promise as indicators of environmental temperatures.
Advancing universities: The global city as guide for change

The paper considers the past development of the research universityin the United States and argues that one way to guide future changeis to embrace a new cultural model. Using Emory University as acase study, along with the more general perspectives offered through aclose study of eleven other private US universities and data assimilatedfrom members of the Association of American Universities (AAU), we proposethat the development of universities resembles the evolution of somecities from village, to metropolis, to global city. The global citymodel, characterised by flexible systems and an open culture, couldbenefit many universities. In describing the next phases of change,our essay discusses these characteristics as they have emerged insome of today's evolving universities.
Detecting and genotyping Escherichia coli O157:H7 using multiplexed PCR and nucleic acid microarrays

Rapid detection and characterization of food borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 is crucial for epidemiological investigations and food safety surveillance. As an alternative to conventional technologies, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of nucleic acid microarrays for detecting and genotyping E. coli O157:H7. The array was composed of oligonucleotide probes (25-30 mer) complementary to four virulence loci (intimin, Shiga-like toxins I and II, and hemolysin A). Target DNA was amplified from whole cells or from purified DNA via single or multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products were hybridized to the array without further modification or purification. The array was 32-fold more sensitive than gel electrophoresis and capable of detecting amplification products from < 1 cell equivalent of genomic DNA (1 fg). Immunomagnetic capture, PCR and a microarray were subsequently used to detect 55 CFU ml(-1) (E. coli O157:H7) from chicken rinsate without the aid of pre-enrichment. Four isolates of E. coli O157:H7 and one isolate of O91:H2, for which genotypic data were available, were unambiguously genotyped with this array. Glass-based microarrays are relatively simple to construct and provide a rapid and sensitive means to detect multiplexed PCR products; the system is amenable to automation.
Modeling optical and thermal distributions in tissue during laser irradiation

The propagation of light energy in tissues is an important problem in phototherapy, especially with the increased use of lasers as light sources. Often a slight difference in delivered energy separates a useless, efficacious, or disastrous treatment. Methods are presented for experimental characterization of the optical properties of a tissue and computational prediction of the distribution of light energy within a tissue. A standard integrating sphere spectrophotometer measured the total transmission, Tt, total reflectance, Rt, and the on-axis transmission, Ta, for incident collimated light that propagated through the dermis of albino mouse skin, over the visible spectrum. The diffusion approximation solution to the one-dimensional (1-D) optical transport equation computed the expected Tt and Rt for different combinations of absorbance, k, scattering, s, and anisotropy, g, and by iterative comparison of the measured and computed Tt and Rt values converged to the intrinsic tissue parameters. For example, mouse dermis presented optical parameters of 2.8 cm-1, 239 cm-1, and 0.74 for k, s, and g, respectively, at 488 nm wavelength. These values were used in the model to simulate the optical propagation of the 488-nm line of an argon laser through mouse skin in vivo. A 1-D Green's function thermal diffusion model computed the temperature distribution within the tissue at different times during laser irradiation. In vitro experiments showed that the threshold temperature range for coagulation was 60 degrees-70 degrees C, and the kinetics were first order, with a temperature-dependent rate constant that obeyed an Arrhenius relation (molar entropy 276 cal/mol-degrees K, molar enthalpy 102 kcal/mol). The model simulation agreed with the corresponding in vivo experiment that a 2-s pulse at 55 W/cm2 irradiance will achieve coagulation of the skin.
Incentives in a Divisionalized Firm

This paper examines the problems of coordinating and controlling divisions of a large firm. Divisions are typically interdependent and the corporate headquarters plays an important role in coordinating such decisions as pricing, allocation of funds to the divisions, and determining the level of corporate-wide research and development. One important problem is how to provide division managers with incentives both to act in congruence with the goals of the overall firm and to transmit accurate information to the corporate center so that the center's decisions may be enhanced. The analysis proceeds by assuming that each division manager possess perfect knowledge of his own division's technology and the market conditions it faces. Each division's profits, however, depend upon certain coordinating decisions taken by the center. The center is assumed to be at least partially ignorant about the operations of the divisions and to rely upon information from the divisions in making coordinating decisions. A control structure for a divisionalized firm is defined to be a set of rules for evaluating division managers and a decision-rule for central coordinating decisions. Division managers are assumed to act to maximize their evaluation measures so that managerial shirking is not considered. In this setting where perfect information is available, problems of risk aversion and risk sharing do not arise, and a minimum test for optimality of a control structure is given. Specifically, when each division manager seeks to maximize his own evaluation measure and when the center uses its decision-rule for coordination, overall firm profits should be maximized. A control structure is proposed in which the center acts as if it is receiving “truthful” information from the division managers. This naive decision rule is justified by the accompanying evaluation measures that provide division managers with incentives to communicate in an honest manner. With the proposed evaluation measures, each division manager is rewarded on the basis of his division's contribution to overall profits. If the division's message to the center has no impact on the center's coordinating decisions, then the manager is evaluated on the basis of his own division's realized profits. If the division's message changes the coordinating decision, then the manager is evaluated on the basis of his division's realized profits less the reported impact of the change in coordinating decisions resulting from his message on the profits of the other divisions. It is shown that with this evaluation measure, a division manager is best off communicating truthfully, regardless of the messages of all others. The proposed control structure, therefore, provides an alternative to traditional profit-sharing. An application of the control structure to a resource allocation problem is also given.
Convenient Synthesis of W(⋮CR)X3(dme) Compounds from W(⋮CR)(OBut)3 Triple-Bond Metathesis Products

Tungsten−alkylidyne complexes of the type W(⋮CR)X3(dme) (R = But, Prn, Ph; X = Cl, Br; dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) are prepared in 77−87% yields from reactions between W(⋮CR)(OBut)3 and BX3 in the p...
Solid metal-induced embrittlement of steel☆

Abstract The embrittlement of steel by surface coatings of solid Zn, Pb, Cd, Sn and In has been studied. This embrittlement manifests itself as a reduction in tensile ductility over a temperature range extending from about three quarters of the embrittler absolute melting temperature up to this melting temperature. It is shown that the embrittlement is caused by the growth of stable, subcritical intergranular cracks. The growth rate and activation energy for growth of these cracks were estimated. The data suggest that the severity of embrittlement is limited by the rate of supply of embrittler atoms to the crack tips. Various transport mechanisms are considered; it is concluded that multilayer surface self-diffusion of the embrittler over the coated crack surfaces is the most likely mechanism.
SU‐FF‐T‐36: Prostate Brachytherapy Seed Immobilization: Three Novel Techniques as Potential Candidates for Robotic Implementation

Purpose: Local movement and distant migration of radioactive seeds from prostate implants are known to occur frequently. We have developed three novel techniques amendable to robotic delivery for reducing seed migration/movement. This study compares the efficacy of these techniques and investigates the effect of these techniques on I‐125 radioactive seeds. Method and Materials: Three techniques developed for preventing seed movement/migration were: surgical glue (BioGlue®) to seal needle track, Diathermy Coagulation, and Laser Coagulation. The selection of mode and power for laser and diathermy were based on the effectiveness of tissue welding with least tissue lesion, charring and smoke. Dummy seeds were implanted in fresh bovine liver phantoms with and without applying immobilization techniques; then the phantoms were given 10hr continuous rocking motion. Seed movements were measured from initial and final x‐ray films. Sustainability of radioactive seeds in these techniques was evaluated by exposing live I‐125 radioactive seeds (0.63mCi/seed) in surgical glue, laser and diathermy energy. Activities of the seeds were individually measured and recorded before and after exposing to glue, laser and diathermy. Wipe test was performed to ensure no leakage. Results: Without applying the immobilization techniques, seed movements were (max/mean): 34.4mm/18.7mm. Seed movements after using immobilization techniques were (max/mean): in Surgical glue 1.1mm/0.9mm; in Diathermy coagulation 2.1mm/1mm; in Laser coagulation 2.9mm/1.1mm. Evaluation of dosimetric distribution indicated that non‐immobilized seed movement would alter planned dose distribution considerately, while by using immobilization techniques the deviations in dose distribution were greatly reduced. No significant effects of immobilization techniques were observed on radioactivity of the seeds. Wipe test ensured no leakage. Conclusions: Results from the experiments revealed that these three novel techniques are quite promising for improving dose distribution by reducing seed movement and migration. Moreover, these methods did not alter normal radioactivity of I‐125 seeds and preserved encapsulation. Acknowledgement: supported by DOD‐W81XWH‐06‐1‐0227.
New application of high-temperature solution calorimetry II. Enthalpy of formation of B4C at 1320 K

Abstract The enthalpies of solution of crystalline boron, of graphite, and of boron carbide, B 4 C, in the liquid alloy Mn 0.6 Ni 0.4 B 0.02 , have been measured at 1320 K. From the results we have calculated the enthalpy of formation of B 4 C. Applying appropriate corrections for the temperature difference we derive from these measurements a value of ΔH f o (B 4 C, 298.15 K) of −16.7 kcal th mol −1 with an estimated uncertainty of ± 1.5 kcal th mol −1 . This is in good agreement with the value of Domalski and Armstrong based on fluorine combustion calorimetry.
Adult Children of Alcoholics: Adjustment to a College Environment

This article provides a literature review of family-of-origin issues related to adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) and their adjustment to college. Implications for college personnel are provided as is a case study to illustrate the many issues an ACOA college student may face in his or her transition.
Infectivity of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus for Embryonating Eggs

Abstract THE disease that Cosgrove (1962) reported as avian nephrosis has since been referred to as infectious bursal disease. Early attempts to propagate the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by serial passage in embryonating eggs frequently resulted in failure to maintain the virus. Landgraf et al. (1967) reported a typical experience that has been observed by other workers. Infective tissue suspensions killed all inoculated embryos on first passage. Materials from embryos of the first passage killed 30% of those inoculated on the second passage, and on the third passage there was no embryo mortality. In some of the initial studies with IBDV it was observed that eggs from certain supply flocks would not support the growth of the virus, suggesting that parental antibodies from immune dams may have inhibited the virus. However, this did not provide the full explanation for failures to maintain the virus since serial passage failed even when. . .
Investigation of nanofluids for solar thermal storage applications

Nanofluids are synthesized by doping solvents with nano-particles at minute concentrations (typically less than 1 percentage by volume). Experimental studies have shown that nano-particles can dramatically enhance the specific heat of various liquid solvents. This is also associated with enhancement of other transport properties (e.g., viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusivity, etc.). Hence, nanofluids are attractive materials for solar thermal applications. The objective of this study is to investigate the optimum performance of various nanofluids for solar thermal storage applications. Dimensional analyses and similitude techniques will be used to theoretically estimate the enhancement of transport properties of various nanofluids to predict their efficacy for solar thermal storage applications.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Efficiency of Three Predators, Geoeoris bullatus, Nabis americoferus, and Coccinella transversoguttata, Used Alone or in Combination Against Three Insect Prey Species, Myzus persicae, Ceramica picta, and Mamestra configurata, in a Greenhouse Study

The efficiency of 3 predators, Geocoris bullatus (Say), Nabis americoferus Carayon, and Coccinella transversoguttata Faldermann, used singly and in combination, was evaluated against 3 prey species, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), the zebra caterpillar, Ceramica picta (Harris), and the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, on caged sugarbeet plants in the greenhouse. Coccinellids used alone or in combination with other predators were effective in reducing populations of green peach aphids. Also, nabids or geocorids alone were effective in reducing the population of aphids for about 1 week if the initial population averaged no more than 14 aphids per plant and if the predators were present at a rate of about 1 per plant; however, when the population of aphids was 34 per plant, nabids or geocorids alone were not effective. Nabids alone or in some combinations were superior to all other treatments in reducing the population of the noctuid species when these larvae were small.
EXAFS measurements and reverse Monte Carlo modeling of atomic structure in amorphous Ni80P20 alloys

Abstract This paper presents a full account of the EXAFS measurements and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling of the atomic arrangements and short-to-medium range structure in an amorphous Ni–P alloy, expanding on the description included in our recent publication [H.W. Sheng, W.K. Luo, F.M. Alamgir, J.M. Bai, E. Ma, Nature 439 (2006) 419]. The atomic packing is analyzed from the standpoint of solute atoms. The short-to-medium range structure is discussed based on single-solute-centered quasi-equivalent clusters that form due to strong chemical short-range ordering, and the topological order is described in terms of both intra-cluster and inter-cluster dense packing for efficient filling of space. This analysis is also conducted for amorphous Ni80P20 prepared via different processing routes, to observe if the polyamorphism suggested in literature for amorphous Ni–P can be confirmed from the local structure perspective. The structural differences between the proposed polymorphs are apparently subtle and a full resolution of this issue is found to be beyond the capabilities of our EXAFS/RMC modeling approach. The amorphous structural features uncovered are also compared briefly with those observed before in amorphous alloy systems with positive heat of mixing.
Can't Win for Losing: The Impact of Wages on Single Mothers in a North Tampa Community

Important questions remain unan swered about what is actually happening in the lives of those forming the largest group of public assistance recipients: single mothers with children under the age of six years. Single mothers face fierce barriers if they are to achieve the "economic self-sufficiency," now legislatively prescribed for them. To explore the impact of the Florida WAGES (Work and Gain Economic Self-Sufficiency) program in a north Tampa community I used ethnographic methods so that I could capture the perspective of single mothers about what effects Florida's "welfare to work" WAGES policy was having on their lives. For the women interviewed, it was clear that it will take more than minimum wage jobs to sustain their households.
Processing of advanced electroceramic components by fused deposition technique

Abstract A variety of advanced ceramic components were fabricated using the fused deposition of ceramics (FDC) process. In FDC, ceramic loaded polymer filaments are used to build parts in a layer-by-layer fashion. A process map, based on the compressive strength and modulus of the FDC feedstock, was developed to predict the feasibility of deposition with a variety of FDC filaments. Alumina structures with photonic bandgap properties were deposited for high frequency (GHz) applications. Net shape bismuth titanate components with oriented grains were fabricated by pre-alignment of small volume of seeds in green FDC parts, followed by grain growth treatment. Piezoelectric actuators with novel structures such as spiral and bellows were manufactured and studied.
New media/traditional values: selecting government information on the Internet

The schools of information studies of today place training for work in distributed computing environments at the core of the curriculum. However, this was not the case ten years ago. Looks, therefore, at the current role of traditionally trained librarians. Focusses on the experience of the University of Michigan Library’s Documents Center, and how the collection development principles learned for selection of traditional library media apply today to selecting Internet materials.
Aging families and the demographics of family financial support of adults with disabilities.

Using data from the 2007 American Community Survey (ACS), the study estimated the degree of family financial support for adult members with disabilities living at home. Using the Internal Revenue Service definition of a “qualifying dependent,” need for financial support was defined in terms ability to financially contribute to one’s own support. Estimates indicated that 32.3% of the family-based population of adults with disabilities needed financial support. Among those meeting the support test, approximately 4 in 10 lived in households where the primary income earner was 60 years or older. Results are discussed in terms of greater attention to the impact of emerging family demographics for policy and assumption of a family perspective in policy making.
Source of Performance Variance as a Moderator of the Job Satisfaction-Job Performance Relationship

Herman's (1973) proposition that satisfaction and performance can only be related when performance is at least partially under the worker's control was tested. Subjects were hired to work under conditions of high or low situational control of performance. Two performance measures were used, only one of which was designed to be susceptible to the situational control manipulation. Satisfaction was then predicted by performance, situational control condition, and their cross-product. As expected, the interaction term was significant when the performance measure susceptible to situational control was used and nonsignificant when the nonsusceptible measure was used. It was concluded that the amount of performance variance which is individually rather than situationally controlled is an important moderator of the satisfaction-performance relationship.
An Assessment of the Dental Public Health Infrastructure in the United States

Objectives The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research commissioned an assessment of the dental public health infrastructure in the United States as a first step toward ensuring its adequacy. This study examined several elements of the U.S. dental public health infrastructure in government, education, workforce, and regulatory issues, focused primarily at the state level. Methods Data were drawn from a wide range of sources, including original surveys, analysis of existing databases, and compilation of publicly available information. Results In 2002, 72.5% of states had a full-time dental director and 65% of state dental programs had total budgets of 1 million dollars or less. Among U.S. dental schools, 68% had a dental public health academic unit. Twelve and a half percent of dental schools and 64.3% of dental hygiene programs had no faculty member with a public health degree. Among schools of public health, 15% offered a graduate degree in a dental public health concentration area, and 60% had no faculty member with a dental or dental hygiene degree. There were 141 active diplomates of the American Board of Dental Public Health as of February 2001; 15% worked for state, county, or local governments. In May 2003, there were 640 U.S. members of the American Association of Public Health Dentistry with few members in most states. In 2002, 544 American Dental Association members reported their specialty as Dental Public Health, which ranged from 0 in five states to 41 in California. Just two states had a public health dentist on their dental licensing boards. Conclusions Findings suggest the U.S. dental public health workforce is small, most state programs have scant funding, the field has minimal presence in academia, and dental public health has little role in the regulation of dentistry and dental hygiene. Successful efforts to enhance the many aspects of the U.S. dental public health infrastructure will require substantial collaboration among many diverse partners.
Efficient local charity with self-selection

How is charitable giving within a city influenced by the prospect of donor and recipient migration? The theoretical literature on charitable contributions in a closed economy has mainly argued that the market level of private giving will tend to be lower than optimal, wherever there exists a local fiscal externality between donors and recipients. Interjurisdictional models of voluntary redistribution, on the other hand, abstract from altruism to explore the interjurisdictional fiscal externality resulting from the failure of one community to account for the migration impacts of its actions on other communities. This paper integrates and extends both literatures by allowing for local altruism among the mobile residents of a system of local economies. Within a single community, mobility thus introduces adverse selection considerations for each donor via the migration of both recipients and other donors. Moreover, any change in the local transfer level influences both equilibrium wages and donor behavior system-wide.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for characterization of mammary ductal structures and development of neoplasia in genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer

The earliest steps of breast cancer begin with aberrations in mammary ductal structure. Techniques that enable an investigator to image in situ and then analyze the same tissue using biochemical tools facilitates identification of genetic networks and signaling pathways active in the imaged structure. Cellular confocal microscopy (VivaCell-TiBa, Rochester, New York) is used to image mammary ductal structures and surrounding vasculature in situ in intact wild-type and genetically engineered mice that develop ERalpha-initiated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and ERalpha-driven invasive mammary cancer. In wild-type mice, normal mammary ductal structures that appear from puberty through lactation are visualized and serially sectioned optically, and a developmental atlas is created. Altering tissue preparation enabled visualization of the vasculature surrounding the ductal structures. In the genetically engineered mice, aberrant mammary ductal structures and cancers are imaged and compared to corresponding normal structures. Different preparation techniques are able to preserve tissue for routine histological analyses and RNA isolation. Comparative studies demonstrate that reflectance confocal imaging provides more cellular detail than carmine-alum-stained mammary gland whole mounts and equivalent detail with hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections. In summary, reflectance confocal microscopy is a tool that can be used to rapidly and accurately analyze mammary gland structure.
Simulation of high-speed linear-induction-motor end effects in low-speed tests

The paper presents two new possibilities of simulating end effects and transverse edge effects of a high-speed linear induction motor in a rather low-speed test if certain equivalence conditions are satisfied. The basis of simulation is to keep the flux-density distribution in the airgap, as well as in the exit and entry zones, the same in the simulated l.i.m. as in the actual l.i.m. It is demonstrated that a realistic simulation may be obtained in practice. Two examples are given which show the parameter values to simulate a fullsize high-speed l.i.m. by (a) a low-speed l.i.m. and (b) an arch motor.
A continuous culture apparatus for the microbial utilization of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water in closed‐cycle space systems

Continuous culture apparatus for bacterium, hydrogenomonas eutropha, as food and utilization of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water in closed-cycle space system
Pseudo-activism: a relatively new neurotic adaptation.

This is an attempt to describe a type of neurotic adaptation, that of making the central neurotic mechanism—in this formulation the idealized image—appear identical with the goal of an ideological group. In this country, this type of neurotic adaptation is relatively new because active ideological groups, except for religious ones, have been uncommon until recent years. Should such groups, liberal and conservative alike, accept a psychological, and particularly a psychoanalytic frame of reference, they would avail themselves of the only tool with which they could identify such an individual. However, from the experience of foreign cultures, such groups accept the psychological frame of reference only at a much later stage of their organizational maturity. In the initial stage, they reject it. This amounts to support for the mimic. Support of the young group is the first specific difficulty which faces the therapist and distinguishes the character of treatment of his patient from treatment of others. There are two other difficulties. One is that the therapist will be made to feel that he is making value judgments of the patient's beliefs. The last difficulty is that the analyst may shy away from looking at the problem at all for fear of being vindictively preoccupied with the whole issue in view of the group's rejection of psychoanalysis. Lastly, one must recognize that there is an explosive potential in the situation where the central neurotic mechanism of the individual blends with the goal of an ideological group. This is one extreme in a continuum of neurotic adaptation which demands discretion and caution in handling.
Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Mutation-Specific CD4+ T Cells in a Patient with Epithelial Cancer

Limited evidence exists that humans mount a mutation-specific T cell response to epithelial cancers. We used a whole-exomic-sequencing-based approach to demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma contained CD4+ T helper 1 (TH1) cells recognizing a mutation in erbb2 interacting protein (ERBB2IP) expressed by the cancer. After adoptive transfer of TIL containing about 25% mutation-specific polyfunctional TH1 cells, the patient achieved a decrease in target lesions with prolonged stabilization of disease. Upon disease progression, the patient was retreated with a >95% pure population of mutation-reactive TH1 cells and again experienced tumor regression. These results provide evidence that a CD4+ T cell response against a mutated antigen can be harnessed to mediate regression of a metastatic epithelial cancer.
Large capital inflows to Korea: the traditional developing economy story?

Abstract It is well documented that global shocks have been the main cause of capital flows to developing countries. This paper uses a structural model of a developing economy to examine the causes and consequences of large capital inflows to South Korea during the 1990s to see if their experience with large inflows matches the usual developing economy story. The results indicate that inflows to Korea were largely a result of global shocks. However, unlike the experiences of Mexico and Latin American economies, Korean real money shocks are more important than global shocks at short-horizons and nearly as important at long-horizons. In addition, the large inflows produced consequences largely detrimental to the future state of the Korean economy. It is concluded that the Korean experience was not entirely identical to the experience of a typical small open economy.
A new adaptive procedure for multiple window scan statistics

Scan statistics have been widely applied to test for unusual cluster of events in many scientific areas. It has been of practical interest on how to select the window size of a scan statistic. An adaptive procedure for multiple window scan statistics is proposed and the distributions are studied for independent identically distributed Bernoulli trials and uniform observations on (0, 1) in one-dimensional case. The idea of the procedure is to select the window sizes sequentially. An initial window size is chosen and the subsequent window sizes are then determined, depending on the value of the current scan statistic at each stage. The power of scan statistics based on the adaptive procedure is compared with power of standard scan statistics. Numerical results and applications for disease clusters detection are given to illustrate our procedure.
Hydrogen storage properties of clathrate hydrate materials

Abstract The design of hydrogen storage materials that achieve all of the U.S. Department of Energy's 2015 goals (storage capacity, operating conditions, reversibility, cost, etc.) has proved to be a challenge. Recent progress in the area of clathrate hydrates suggests many potential advantages when compared with other “conventional” materials. In this work, the hydrogen storage potential of several clathrate systems (including sII, semi-clathrates, and Jeffrey's structures) has been investigated by high-pressure Raman spectroscopy, by direct gas release measurements, and by theoretical storage considerations. Some key findings of this work include new insights into the spectral properties of hydrogen molecules within hydrate cavities and the maximum possible hydrogen storage capacity of different clathrate structures. Ultimately, these findings will aid in the design and production of new hydrogen storage materials.
Confidence intervals for survival quantiles in the cox regression model

Median survival times and their associated confidence intervals are often used to summarize the survival outcome of a group of patients in clinical trials with failure-time endpoints. Although there is an extensive literature on this topic for the case in which the patients come from a homogeneous population, few papers have dealt with the case in which covariates are present as in the proportional hazards model. In this paper we propose a new approach to this problem and demonstrate its advantages over existing methods, not only for the proportional hazards model but also for the widely studied cases where covariates are absent and where there is no censoring. As an illustration, we apply it to the Stanford Heart Transplant data. Asymptotic theory and simulation studies show that the proposed method indeed yields confidence intervals and bands with accurate coverage errors.
Evaluation of interfacial shear strength, residual clamping stress and coefficient of friction for fiber-reinforced ceramic composites

The shear strength, the residual clamping stress, the coefficient of friction and the frictional stress at the fiber/matrix interface are evaluated for fiber-reinforced ceramic composites by using the theoretical analysis for fiber push-out and the corresponding experimental results. The shear strength is evaluated from the load at which debonding initiates. Sliding occurs at the interface after complete debonding. For a fiber with a Poisson's ratio greater than zero, the characteristics of the nonlinear relationship between the load required to push out the fiber and the sample thickness enable the residual clamping stress, the coefficient of friction and the interfacial frictional stress to be evaluated in the present analysis.
Comparison of the Antinociceptive Response to Morphine and Morphine-Like Compounds in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

Male rats are more sensitive to the antinociceptive effects of morphine than female rats. This difference is seen across several rat strains using a variety of nociceptive stimuli. However, the literature in regard to sex differences in antinociceptive responses to mu-opioids other than morphine is less consistent. The present study was designed to examine whether there is a structure-activity rationale that determines which mu-opioids will show a differential antinociceptive response between male and female rats. A series of morphinans closely related in structure to morphine, namely, codeine, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and oxycodone, were examined for their antinociceptive activity in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and compared with the structurally unrelated mu-opioid agonists methadone and fentanyl. Antinociception was measured by the warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. The results show that morphine is more potent in males compared with females > hydromorphone = hydrocodone = oxymorphone, but there was no observable sex difference in the antinociceptive potency of codeine, heroin, oxycodone, methadone, or fentanyl. The potency to stimulate guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35 S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) binding and binding affinity of the various morphinans was compared in rat glioma C6 cells expressing the rat mu-opioid receptor; relative efficacy was also compared by stimulation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding in slices of rat brain thalamus. The presence of a sex difference in antinociceptive responsiveness was not related to drug potency, efficacy, or affinity. Consequently, it is likely that differential metabolism of the opioid, possibly by glucuronidation, determines the presence or absence of a sex difference.
RECOMBINATION OF ELECTRONS WITH H3+ AND H5+ IONS

A microwave afterglow-mass spectrometer apparatus is used to determine the dissociative recombination coefficients for capture of electrons by H3(+) and H5(+) ions as a function of electron temperature. At an ion and neutral temperature of 240 K, the coefficient for H3(+) is found to vary slowly with the electron temperature at first, decreasing from 1.6 x 10 to the -7th cu cm/s at an electron temperature of 240 K to 1.2 x 10 to the -7th cu cm/s at an electron temperature of 500 K; at electron temperatures ranging from 500 to 3000 K, the coefficient falls as the reciprocal of the electron temperature. It is noted that the results, which have an uncertainty of + or - 20 percent, agree satisfactorily over the common energy range (0.03-0.36 eV) with the recombination cross sections determined in merged beam measurements by Auerbach et al. (1977). Attention is also given to the implication of the results for modeling planetary atmospheres and interstellar clouds.
A Biologically Modeled Intrusion Detection System for Mobile Networks

A computer security system is typically tasked with identifying an intrusion, which is defined as a set of actions that attempt to compromise, “the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of any resources provided by a computing system” [1] An attack on a computer system plays out in a series of sequential events, the granularity of which can vary drastically depending on the type of exploit. An intrusion detection system is tasked with monitoring a system or systems in order to look for these events as indicators of potential malicious behavior. Computer intrusion detection can be provided via signatures which describe the actions associated with an attack. In a world with constantly evolving threats combined with unique new attack vectors, maintaining signatures for every individual piece of malware becomes unwieldy. This is especially true in the mobile realm, where the additional processing power and battery capacity needed to handle high numbers of signatures adversely impacts the user experience and overall platform speed. As mobile devices become increasingly computer-like, complete with similar vulnerabilities and ever-increasing connectivity, their attractiveness to attackers has increased. Efficiently detecting threats across devices on a mobile network This paper introduces the Mobile Network Defense (MND), a lightweight intrusion detection system. MND is biologically-modeled on the behavior of a population of ants, giving it many advantages over traditional security measures. Each ant in the virtual colony has the ability to detect one specic metric of the current state of a computer. In combination, the results of these simple tests can point to specic attacks, while the dynamic nature of the MND offers performance benets over the traditional static setup. This paper will demonstrate how the biologically-modeled MND offers a 34% improvement in detection time over other agent-based systems, and provides more efficient intrusion detection platform than a static model with respect to CPU utilization, making the system attractive for use across many types of mobile devices.
Continuous Assay for VanX, the d-Alanyl–d-Alanine Dipeptidase Required for High-Level Vancomycin Resistance

The reaction of L-alanine-p-nitroanilide with VanX was studied in an effort to develop a continuous assay for VanX activity for future kinetic and inhibition studies. VanX, containing Zn(II), Co(II), Fe(II), or Ni(II), catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-alanine-p-nitroanilide producing L-alanine and p-nitroaniline as products; the formation of the latter product (epsilon(404nm) = 10, 700 M(-1) cm(-1)) can be continuously monitored using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Zn(II)-, Co(II)-, Fe(II)-, and Ni(II)-containing VanX exhibit saturation kinetics when L-alanine-p-nitroanilide is used as the substrate with K(m) and k(cat) values ranging from 300 to 700 microM and 0.028 to 0.080 s(-1), respectively. Inhibition studies using O-[(1S)-aminoethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-D-lactic acid as the inhibitor and L-alanine-p-nitroanilide as the substrate yielded a K(i) of 400 +/- 8 microM at pH 7.0. These studies reveal a continuous assay of VanX activity which could be used to further study the kinetic mechanism of VanX and to allow for the development of high-throughput screening for inhibitors of VanX.
Masseteric inflammation-induced Fos protein expression in the trigeminal interpolaris/caudalis transition zone: contribution of somatosensory–vagal–adrenal integration

The effects of vagotomy and adrenalectomy on the expression of Fos protein in brainstem neurons following the inflammation of masseter muscle were examined in order to differentiate the Fos activation related to nociceptive processing in contrast to that due to somatoautonomic processing. The inflammation was induced by a unilateral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the masseter muscle under methohexital anesthesia after a small skin-cut (S-cut). After the CFA injection, Fos positive neurons were identified in bilateral spinal trigeminal nucleus (VSP), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and inferior medial olivary nucleus (IOM). At the level of the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition zone, there was a selective induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the VSP and NTS, when compared to control rats (anesthesia with or without S-cut). A major portion of the Fos-LI in the VSP at the level of the caudal Vc was apparently activated by S-cut. Bilateral adrenalectomy or a unilateral vagotomy resulted in a selective reduction of inflammation-induced Fos-LI in the VSP at the Vi/Vc transition zone (P<0.05) and NTS (P<0.05), but had less effect on Fos-LI in the caudal Vc. These results suggest that the inflammation of the masseter muscle, an injury of orofacial deep tissue, results in a widespread change in neuronal activity in the VSP and NTS that depends in part on the integrity of the adrenal cortex and vagus. Thus, in addition to somatotopically organized nociceptive responses, orofacial deep tissue injury also is coupled to somatovisceral and somatoautonomic processing that contribute to central neural activation.
Modeling of an equivalent circuit for dye-sensitized solar cells : improvement of efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by reducing internal resistance

La resistance interne des piles solaires nanocristallines au TiO 2 sensibilisees par un colorant (DSC) a ete etudiee par spectroscopie d'impedance electrochimique. On a observe quatre elements resistifs dans les spectres d'impedance. Ces resistances peuvent s'expliquer par des variations des parametres de cellule et dependent de la tension de polarisation appliquee. On constate que la resistance liee au transfert de charge a l'interface TiO 2 /colorant/electrolyte se comporte comme une diode, et les resistances en serie correspondent en grande partie a la somme des autres resistances. Pour minimiser la resistance interne dans les piles solaires nanocristallines a colorant, l'influence sur les spectres d'impedance de parametres de cellule tels que la resistance de "feuille" du substrat de verre d'oxydes transparents conducteurs, le facteur de rugosite de la contre-electrode de platine et l'epaisseur de la cellule a ete etudiee. On propose un circuit equivalent pour les piles solaires nanocristallines a colorant a partir de ces resultats. Des efforts conjoints ont conduit a la fabrication d'une pile solaire nanocristalline efficace sensibilisee par un colorant noir. Une densite de photocourant de court-circuit de 20,1 mA/cm 2 , une tension en circuit ouvert de 0,71 V, unfill factor de 0,71 et une efficacite globale de conversion de 10,1 % ont ete obtenues sous un eclairage standard de type AM 1.5 sunlight.
Expression of the human atypical kinase ADCK3 rescues coenzyme Q biosynthesis and phosphorylation of Coq polypeptides in yeast coq8 mutants.

Abstract Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or Q) is a lipid electron and proton carrier in the electron transport chain. In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae eleven genes, designated COQ1 through COQ9 , YAH1 and ARH1 , have been identified as being required for Q biosynthesis. One of these genes, COQ8 ( ABC1 ), encodes an atypical protein kinase, containing six (I, II, III, VIB, VII, and VIII) of the twelve motifs characteristically present in canonical protein kinases. Here we characterize seven distinct Q-less coq8 yeast mutants and show that unlike the coq8 null mutant, each maintained normal steady-state levels of the Coq8 polypeptide. The phosphorylation states of Coq polypeptides were determined with two-dimensional gel analyses. Coq3p, Coq5p, and Coq7p were phosphorylated in a Coq8p-dependent manner. Expression of a human homolog of Coq8p, ADCK3(CABC1) bearing an amino-terminal yeast mitochondrial leader sequence, rescued growth of yeast coq8 mutants on medium containing a nonfermentable carbon source and partially restored biosynthesis of Q 6 . The phosphorylation state of several of the yeast Coq polypeptides was also rescued, indicating a profound conservation of yeast Coq8p and human ADCK3 protein kinase function in Q biosynthesis.
Controlling U.S. health spending: Opportunities for academic health centers

AbstractThis article begins by examining the factors that explain the level and rate of increase in health care spending. Expenditures per capita for health care in the United States are more than double the expenditures per capita in Canada, the United Kingdom, France, and most other industrialized