cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The biology of E7

Abstract Papillomaviruses, which produce either benign or malignant lesions have to replicate in cells that are programmed to terminally differentiate. Therefore, both groups of viruses have to stimulate cells into S-phase for successful replication. HPV-16 E7 stimulates G1 to S-phase progression by a series of interactions, which hinge on the ability of the protein to modulate cellular transcription, usually of genes that are essential for successful passage through G1 and into S-phase, such as cdc25A and cyclin E/cdk2. In addition, E7 can regulate the activity of kinase inhibitors such as p21 CIP , so that they are shunted to the cytoplasm and away from the site of action of cyclin kinases in the nucleus. The mechanism involves the activity of the Akt family of kinases, but how this is regulated by E7 is unclear, although it may involve genes modulated by Rb. While the interaction with Rb is important, there are Rb-independent interactions, which are also important for E7 biology and it will be interesting in the coming years to determine the nature of these proteins and their function. While progress has been made in delineating the pathways used by malignant viruses to stimulate the cell cycle, the big unknown is how HPV-6 and other benign viruses achieve the same feat. So far, nearly all the biology observed with HPV-16 E7 is not observed with HPV-6 E7, and so it is difficult to see how these latter viruses could stimulate G1 to S-phase by the same pathways. The next few years will I hope see some advances in understanding the biology of the low risk types.
A few days of a robot's life in the human's world: toward incremental individual recognition

This thesis presents an integrated framework and implementation for Mertz, an expressive robotic creature for exploring the task of face recognition through natural interaction in an incremental and unsupervised fashion. The goal of this thesis is to advance toward a framework which would allow robots to incrementally "get to know" a set of familiar individuals in a natural and extendable way. This thesis is motivated by the increasingly popular goal of integrating robots in the home. In order to be effective in human-centric tasks, the robots must be able to not only recognize each family member, but also to learn about the roles of various people in the household. In this thesis, we focus on two particular limitations of the current technology. Firstly, most of face recognition research concentrate on the supervised classification problem. Currently, one of the biggest problems in face recognition is how to generalize the system to be able to recognize new test data that vary from the training data. Thus, until this problem is solved completely, the existing supervised approaches may require multiple manual introduction and labelling sessions to include training data with enough variations. Secondly, there is typically a large gap between research prototypes and commercial products, largely due to lack of robustness and scalability to different environmental settings. In this thesis, we propose an unsupervised approach which would allow for a more adaptive system which can incrementally update the training set with more recent data or new individuals over time. Moreover, it gives the robots a more natural social recognition mechanism to learn not only to recognize each person's appearance, but also to remember some relevant contextual information that the robot observed during previous interaction sessions. Therefore, this thesis focuses on integrating an unsupervised and incremental face recognition system within a physical robot which interfaces directly with humans through natural social interaction. The robot autonomously detects, tracks, and segments face images during these interactions and automatically generates a training set for its face recognition system. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.) (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
DNA deformability changes of single base pair mutants within CDE binding sites in S. Cerevisiae centromere DNA correlate with measured chromosomal loss rates and CDE binding site symmetries

Background The centromeres in yeast (S. cerevisiae) are organized by short DNA sequences (125 bp) on each chromosome consisting of 2 conserved elements: CDEI and CDEIII spaced by a CDEII region. CDEI and CDEIII are critical sequence specific protein binding sites necessary for correct centromere formation and following assembly with proteins, are positioned near each other on a specialized nucleosome. Hegemann et al. BioEssays 1993, 15: 451–460 reported single base DNA mutants within the critical CDEI and CDEIII binding sites on the centromere of chromosome 6 and quantitated centromere loss of function, which they measured as loss rates for the different chromosome 6 mutants during cell division. Olson et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998, 95: 11163–11168 reported the use of protein-DNA crystallography data to produce a DNA dinucleotide protein deformability energetic scale (PD-scale) that describes local DNA deformability by sequence specific binding proteins. We have used the PD-scale to investigate the DNA sequence dependence of the yeast chromosome 6 mutants' loss rate data. Each single base mutant changes 2 PD-scale values at that changed base position relative to the wild type. In this study, we have utilized these mutants to demonstrate a correlation between the change in DNA deformability of the CDEI and CDEIII core sites and the overall experimentally measured chromosome loss rates of the chromosome 6 mutants.
The effect of gender and gender match on mortality in pediatric heart transplantation.

The effect of organ–recipient gender match on pediatric heart transplant mortality is unknown. We analyzed the effects of gender and donor–recipient gender matching. Based on Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data, we performed a historical cohort study in a population of 3630 heart transplant recipients less than 18 years old. We compared unadjusted and adjusted mortality by recipient gender, donor gender and between gender-matched and gender-mismatched recipients. Female recipients had decreased survival compared to male recipients (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.31; p = 0.020). Organ–recipient gender mismatch did not affect mortality for either male or female recipients, though gender-mismatched females had the worst survival compared to gender-matched males, who had the best survival (unadjusted HR 1.26, CI 1.07–1.49; p = 0.005). After adjustment for other risk factors affecting transplant mortality, female recipients had decreased survival compared to male recipients (HR 1.27, CI 1.12–1.44; p = 0.020) and gender matching had no effect. In conclusion, gender mismatch alone did not increase long-term mortality for pediatric heart transplant recipients. However, there may be additive effects of gender and gender matching affecting survival. There are insufficient data at this time to support that recipient and donor gender should affect heart allocation in children.
Is the London Market Competitive? A Study of Trading Behavior of London Market Makers

A Study of Trading Behavior of London Market Makers Abstract This study examines the competitiveness of the London Stock Exchange (LSE) on the basis of trading activities of different market makers for a sample of FTSE-100 component stocks. Specifically, the relations studied between market shares of individual market makers and their price- and quantity-setting behavior, preferenced trading activities, and trading profitability infer the competitiveness of the London market. The results show that market makers can obtain relative larger shares of public order flows through posting more competitive prices with greater quote depths. No evidence is found to support that preferenced trading distort the market shares of trading among market makers because it is limited to small-sized trades. However, this study does suggest that those market makers who takes more trading risks are not only rewarded with larger market shares of public order flows but also compensated with higher spread profit margins. The overall findings from the study indicate that the LSE is a competitive dealership market.
Zinc, vitamin B-6, and other nutrients in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in Mexico.

Biochemical measurements and 24 hour dietary recalls were conducted early (18.9 +0- 5.9 weeks) and late (35.1 +or- 2.0 weeks) in pregnancy in women attending clinics in Montemorelos Mexico. Mean weight gain per week (0.4 +or- 0.2 kg) and birth weight (3381 +or- 456 grams) were normal. Intakes tended to decline during pregnancy and declined significantly for zinc (p < 0.05) and vitamin B-6 (p < 0.03). Mean zinc intake late in pregnancy was low (7.8 +or- 3.3 mg/d). Various supplements were taken but none contained zinc. During pregnancy mean plasma zinc levels fell (p < 0.001) and late in pregnancy 57% of the women had values suggestive of poor zinc status (<or= 8.1 micromoles/liter). These data indicate that zinc intakes of approximately 8 mg/d will not maintain plasma zinc levels in late pregnancy. Erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EGPT) index and the index of diamine oxidase (DAO) a vitamin B-6-requiring enzyme of placental origin were correlated suggesting that DAO index may be useful in evaluating vitamin B-6 status in pregnancy.
How Far Will They Go? Intellectual Property and the Range of Market Participation by Nascent Firms

This paper considers whether nascent firms that have a competitive strategy in intellectual property (IP) have a greater likelihood of servicing markets that are geographically farther in distance. Unlike the born-global literature that identifies characteristics that impact a nascent firm‘s choice to service the home market versus foreign markets, this paper applies an ordinal approach to market range that differentiates between distances within the domestic market as well as abroad. Given that domestic IP provides national protection to firms, we posit that the firms which exploit this competitive advantage in IP are likely to service the national market, rather than just local or regional markets. Overall, empirical evidence overwhelmingly suggests that when IP protection is a critical element to the competitive strategy of a nascent firm, that firm has a greater likelihood of selling to consumers in markets that are geographically farther in distance.
Secondary Task Measurement of Workload as a Function of Simulated Vehicle Dynamics and Driving Conditions

A driving simulator with a six-degree of freedom computer-generated display, a four degree of freedom physical motion system, and a three-channel sound system was used to determine the sensitivity of a secondary task to vehicle handling parameters and various driving conditions. Six subjects drove a simulated vehicle with normal automobile handling and another six drove with degraded handling (slow response). Steering ratio and disturbance level were adjusted within each set of six subjects. A secondary task consisting of reading random digits aloud from a single-digit dashboard display was used to assess workload. Using a technique similar to that of Knowles (1963) and McDonald (1973), it was found that workload increased significantly as disturbance level increased. Furthermore, workload increased significantly with degraded vehicle handling. In contrast, increasing steering ratio did not produce a significant change in workload. These results indicate that the secondary task method can be used to asses...
Thermally unstable convection with applications to chemical vapor deposition channel reactorst

Abstract The three dimensional, thermally unstable flow and heat transfer of a gas have been studied in a horizontal channel with applications to chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The cases examined include flows that exhibit a longitudinal roll instability and a combination of both transverse, traveling waves and longitudinal rolls. Detailed results are presented for two values of the temperature ratio e = (T 1 −T 0 ) T o = 0.01 and 2.33 (helium), Grashof number Gr = geH 3 v 2 0 = 125000 , Prandtl number Pr = v 0 α 0 = 2 3 , aspect ratios L H = 10 and W H = 2 . For e = 0.01 and Reynolds number Re = u H v 0 = 250 , longitudinal rolls result whereas for Re = 100 a combination of transverse waves and longitudinal rolls occurs. For e = 2.33 and Re = 100 the longitudinal roll instability is present.
The pure and the pious: corporeality, flow, and transgression in Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity

Abstract This article addresses a key problem at the intersection of medicine and religion: how do people fashion themselves into moral subjects in the midst of acute bodily suffering? In particular, how can we situate the wounded, porous body of obstetric fistula in relation to Ethiopian Orthodox Christian ideals of purity and containment? Through an analysis of regimens of embodied piety among Orthodox Christians in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, this article seeks to delineate the multiplicity of ways in which fistula sufferers are able to exercise their religiosity in the face of their physical affliction, and how they use the very symbols that would seem to alienate them to achieve a powerfully enlightened subject position. This study thus complicates static notions of the sacred to reveal the recursive nature of holiness, and shows that recognition of the body’s imperfection is built into the very system of Orthodox belief and practice.
Can anxiety help us tolerate pain

It was hypothesized that anxiety which is relevant to the source of pain exacerbates pain, whereas anxiety which is irrelevant to the source of pain reduces the experience of pain. Female subjects were given either high or low anxiety provoking information about a cold pressor task (relevant anxiety) or high or low anxiety provoking information about a potential shock (irrelevant anxiety). Subjects were then exposed to the cold pressor. The results demonstrated that subjects who were highly anxious about the cold pressor reported experiencing the most pain. Subjects who were highly anxious about the shock reported the least pain and reported significantly less pain than subjects who were highly anxious about the cold pressor. These findings clearly demonstrate that the relationship between anxiety and pain is not always positive or unidirectional.
Identification of a Legionella pneumophila locus required for intracellular multiplication in human macrophages.

Abstract The legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular parasite. Its interaction with phagocytes has characteristics in common with several other intracellular parasites. Critical aspects of L. pneumophila intracellular multiplication are evasion of lysosomal host cell defenses and the presence of a nutritionally appropriate environment. Following phagocytosis, wild-type L. pneumophila multiply within a specialized phagosome which does not fuse with secondary lysosomes. Mutants which have lost the ability to grow within phagocytes no longer cause disease in animals, indicating that the capacity to multiply intracellularly is important for pathogenesis. One such mutant, 25D, has been shown to be defective in inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion. This phagolysosomal environment is not conducive to Legionella growth. We report the isolation of a region of the L. pneumophila genome (icm, intracellular multiplication) which restores the capacity of 25D to multiply in human macrophages. The complemented mutants also regain the capacity to interfere with phagosome-lysosome fusion and to cause lethal pneumonia in guinea pigs.
Dwelling in the place of devastation: Transcendence and the everyday in recovery from trauma:

In this essay, I critically evaluate Veena Das's assertion that recovery from trauma takes place through ‘descent into the everyday’ rather than ‘ascent into the transcendent’ (2007). This article unpacks Das's contributions to the understanding of ‘the everyday’ as a complex intersubjective achievement, but also uses ethnographic examples to look more carefully at the interplay between transcendence and the everyday in healing. With a case study of a community choir reconciliation project in Sarajevo, Bosnia, the author describes a group of people tacking back and forth between modes of everyday engagement and transcendence as they reach toward healing for themselves and their audiences. The article argues that locally-relevant forms of ‘ascent into the transcendent’ are ways of moving beyond the everyday, but are also firmly embedded in everyday life. It calls for more careful attention to the relationship between transcendence and the everyday, and the role each can play in recovery from trauma.
Methamphetamine cytotoxicity and effect on LPS-stimulated IL-1β production by human monocytes

Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is associated with “METH mouth”, characterized by rampant dental decay and destruction of periodontal bone and soft tissues. In periodontitis, monocyte/macrophages, stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), produce interleukin-1β (IL-1β), contributing to bone and soft tissue degradation. Effects of METH on monocyte/macrophages and its role in periodontitis are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine METH cytotoxicity and effects on constitutive and LPS-stimulated IL-1β production in THP-1 human monocytes. METH significantly reduced cell viability, assessed by activity of a mitochondrial enzyme, by 20–40% after 24 h, with recovery at longer periods. Brief exposure to METH caused E. coli or the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. n.) significantly increased IL-1β production (measured by ELISA). Despite cytotoxicity of some METH concentrations, METH had no significant effect on constitutive IL-1β production. However, METH generally increased LPS-stimulated IL-1β levels, reaching statistical significance at 5 × 10 −5 M METH (∼50% to >100% increase). The study suggests that METH potentiation of periodontopathogen LPS stimulation of IL-1β in monocytes could contribute to periodontitis in METH abusers, consistent with other studies suggesting a role for increased IL-1β in deleterious effects of METH.
Attitudes of counseling students in the United States toward minority clients

One hundred and twenty counseling students representing 10 programs across the United States were administered the Purdue Master Attitude Scale, the Defining Issues Test, the Index of Homophobia and a demographic questionnaire in an effort to identify attitudes of students to ward minority groups. A demographic profile of these counselors in traning presents a picture of the ‘typical’ American. They are fairly young, mostly caucasian, middle class and were raised in traditional two-parent families. The results of the instruments administered indicate that counseling students appear to reflect the dominant culture attitude with respect to homophobia by demonstrating average to high homophobia, while the Purdue Master Attitude Scale reflects a somewhat overall positive attitude toward ethnic minorities. In terms of statistical analyses, level of moral judgment, as measured by the Defining Issues Test, was significantly related to attitude to ward ethnic and sexual preference minorities. Individuals with more favorable attitudes demonstrated higher levels of moral reasoning and vice versa. Higher frequency of experience with minorities was significantly related to lower homophobia scores and demonstrated a trend in the direction of better attitude scores. Quality of experience, while not achieving significance, showed a trend with better quality ratings being related to better attitude toward ethnic minorities and lower homophobia scores.
Elevated Calcium in Preneoplastic Cells Activates NF-κB and Confers Resistance to Apoptosis

Early preneoplastic cells (sup+) exhibit increased susceptibility to apoptosis, which is lost in late stage preneoplastic cells (sup-). Sup+ cells, which undergo apoptosis when cultured in low serum, show little or no DNA binding activity to nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B either in 10% or 0.2% serum. In contrast sup- cells, which are resistant to apoptosis in low serum, show a sustained constitutive activation of NF-kappa B. The constitutive activation of NF-kappa B observed in sup- cells is not due to loss of I kappa B alpha. We considered that the activation of NF-kappa B in sup- cells might be secondary to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), since sup- cells have a cytosolic Ca(2+) level that is double that in sup+ cells. In support of a role for Ca(2+), lowering cytosolic Ca(2+) in sup- cells by addition of the cell-permeable Ca(2+) chelator 1,2 bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM) reduced cytosolic Ca(2+) by approximately 31% relative to untreated sup- cells, concomitant with a 65% reduction in NF-kappa B DNA binding activity and a reduction in I kappa B kinase (IKK) activity. In sup- cells in low serum, addition of BAPTA-AM also resulted in a significant ( approximately 50%) increase in caspase-3 activity. Raising extracellular Ca(2+) in sup+ cells resulted in a slight activation of I kappa B kinase and in enhanced NF-kappa B DNA binding activity. Using proteasome and calpain inhibitors, we determined that the basal activity of NF-kappa B in sup- cells is largely proteasome-independent, but sensitive to calpain inhibitors. Taken together these data suggest that the elevated Ca(2+) in sup- cells causes a modest activation of IKK, which likely contributes to the enhanced basal activation of NF-kappa B in sup- cells; however, the predominant effect of Ca(2+) appears to be mediated by Ca(2+)-enhanced degradation by calpain.
Differences in cognitive factors between "true drug" versus "placebo pattern" response to fluoxetine as defined by pattern analysis.

Objective Pattern analysis has identified two types of response patterns to antidepressants: “true drug” response (TDR) and “placebo pattern” response (PPR). This study examines the relationship between cognitive factors and TDR and PPR to fluoxetine. Methods We assessed 310 outpatients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) who were enrolled in an 8-week open trial of fluoxetine 20 mg/day. Response patterns were determined using the clinical global impressions-improvement (CGI-I). We administered the following self-rated scales to all patients at the baseline visit and at endpoint: perceived stress scale (PSS), cognitions questionnaire (CQ), Beck hopelessness scale (BHS) and dysfunctional attitudes scale (DAS). Results One hundred and thirty-four patients had TDR, 66 patients had PPR, and 110 patients were non-responders (NR). Demographic variables and severity of depression at baseline (HAMD-17) were not significantly different between the two response pattern groups. We compared cognitive factors before and after treatment across patients with TDR and PPR, and there were no significant differences at baseline in CQ, PSS, BHS, and DAS scores. At endpoint, outpatients with PPR had significantly lower scores on the PSS (p < 0.001) compared to the patients with TDR, even after adjusting for multiple comparisons and severity of depression at endpoint. Conclusions Significant differences in cognitive/psychological factors, specifically lower post-treatment perceived stress, accompany “placebo” pattern of response to antidepressant treatment and differentiate it from “true drug” response pattern, as defined by pattern analysis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined forced and free convection heat transfer from a horizontal flat plate

The problem of combined forced and free convection heat transfer in boundary-layer flow past a heated or cooled, horizontal flat plate is studied in the limits of large and small Prandtl number using the technique of matched asymptotic expansions. It is found that the effects of natural convection are confined to small changes in the basic forced convection velocity and temperature fields providedGr/Re5/2Pr2/3≪1 forPr≫1, orGr/Re5/2Pr1/2≪1 forPr≪1. The governing similarity equations at the first two orders in these small parameters are solved and the results compared with the numerical solutions of Sparrow and Minkowycz (1962).
THE RELATIONS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AMPULLAE OF THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS TO THE INDIVIDUAL EYE MUSCLES : I. THE HORIZONTAL CANALS.

1. The reflex effect of direct mechanical stimulation of the exposed ampulla of the horizontal canal has been graphically recorded for each of the six extrinsic muscles of the eyeball. 2. Stimulation of a horizontal ampulla evokes a strong contraction of the homolateral rectus internus and of the contralateral rectus externus; at the same time the homolateral rectus externus and the contralateral rectus internus relax. 3. A single mechanical stimulus applied to the horizontal ampulla is sometimes followed by a nystagmus resulting from a series of rhythmic contractions of the externus and internus muscles. 4. Excitation of a horizontal ampulla gives rise to weak contractions of the superior and inferior recti and of the two oblique muscles of both eyes, simultaneously with the stronger contractions of the externus and internus respectively. 5. It is pointed out that the small simultaneous contractions of the four muscles just mentioned provide a virtual axis upon which the eyeball rotates. In other words these four act as fixation muscles. 6. It is suggested that some of the abnormal responses to horizontal rotation, seen in clinical cases, are due to the inaction of one or more of the fixation muscles.
Acute Response of Urinary N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Glucosaminidase to Mannitol Infusion in the Dog

ABSTRACT Urinary activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) has been used as an indicator of subtle renal injury in a variety of conditions. Such enzyme activity has been shown to be increased in human and other animals with diabetes mellitus. The mechanism of this increase in urinary NAG activity is not known. To determine if the osmotic diuretic effect of the glycosuria could stimulate urinary NAG activity. mannitol was infused into the left renal artery of six dogs to cause a unilateral osmotic diuresis and compared to the right side. During three control periods of 20 minutes, each urinary NAG excretion (expressed in units as the ratio of NAG activity to urinary creatinine, NAG/Cr) was equal from both left and right kidneys, 5.0 ± 1.5 vs 6.0 ± 3.6 units, respectively. During the 11 mannitol infusion periods urine volume and sodium excretion rose significantly from the left kidney, .50 ± 2 to 1.5 ± .3 ml/min and 21 + 5 to 99 ± 16 u Eq/min, respectively. However urinary NAG/Cr did not change, 5.0 ± 1.5 to 5.1 ± 1.0 units, In six control dogs not infused with mannitol, urinary NAG/Cr tended to rise with time from control to experimental collection periods, 4.7 ± 2,0 to 8.1 ± 3,0 respectively; however these are not significantly different. In all dogs urine volume and sodium excretion tended to rise throughout the course of the study due to hydration with normal saline; thus it is possible that the tendency for urinary NAG activity to rise may have been due to the. increase in sodium excretion. However, these studies demonstrate that the osmotic diuresis induced by mannitol produced no significant change in urinary NAG activity. Thus it may be that the hyperglycemia itself, and not the glycosuria, produces the increase in urinary NAG activity seen in the diabetic.
The maize chloroplast genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of the photosynthetic coupling factor CF1 are fused.

Abstract We have cloned and sequenced the maize chloroplast genome fragment Eco RI e which contains the 2.2 kb transcript previously reported (Link, G. and Bogorad, L. (1980) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 77 6821-6825) to lie next to the maize gene for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (LS) and to be transcribed divergently. Immunochemical and sequencing data show that the gene codes for the beta subunit of the maize chloroplast coupling factor complex (CF1). The derived amino acid sequence is highly homologous to that of the corresponding E. coli protein (Saraste et al. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9 5287-5296). The last base of the codon for the terminal lysine residue of the beta subunit of CF1 is the first base of the codon for the initiating methionine of an open reading frame whose derived amino acid composition and size closely match that reported for the epsilon subunit (Binder et al. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253 3094-3100). The close coupling of the two genes may serve to in sure their stoichiometric production.
Anaesthesia for abdominal aortic surgery in patients with coronary artery disease, Part II: Effects of nitrous oxide on systemic and coronary haemodynamics, regional ventricular function and incidence of myocardial ischaemia.

This study examines the effects of nitrous oxide on haemodynamics, anterior left ventricular (LV) function and incidence of myocardial ischaemia in abdominal vascular surgical patients with coronary artery disease. Forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to isoflurane-fentanyl anaesthesia with nitrous oxide-oxygen vs air-oxygen (control). Systemic and coronary haemodynamics, 12-lead ECG, LV anterior wall motion by cardiokymography (CKG) and myocardial lactate balance were recorded at four intervals: before and during anaesthesia and 10 and 30 minutes into surgery. Systemic haemodynamics were controlled by anaesthetic dose, and, when insufficient, by i.v. nitroglycerine (NG) in case of LV failure (PCWP > 18 mmHg) and by phenylephrine during hypotension. We found that nitrous oxide was associated with greater need for i.v. nitroglycerin (patients: P = 0.031, episodes P = 0.005) and more myocardial ischaemia (patients P = 0.012, episodes P = 0.001) despite systemic and coronary haemodynamics comparable to the control group. We conclude that nitrous oxide, known to have both sympathomimetic and cardiodepressive actions, produced cardiodepression in the face of sympathetic stimulation. Our study design did not allow to conclude if myocardial ischaemia was the consequence of increased wall stress or a reason for the observed LV dysfunction. The higher incidence of introperative myocardial ischaemia and need for NG did not cause increased cardiac morbidity.
Slimming languages by reducing sugar: a case for semantics-altering transformations

Splitting a language into a core language and a desugaring function makes it possible to produce tractable semantics for real-world languages. It does so by pushing much of the language's complexity into desugaring. This, however, produces large and unwieldy core programs, which has proven to be a significant obstacle to actual use of these semantics. In this paper we analyze this problem for a semantics of JavaScript. We show that much of the bloat is *semantic bloat*: a consequence of the language's rich semantics. We demonstrate how assumptions about language use can confine this bloat, and codify these through several transformations that, in general, do not preserve the language's semantics. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of these transformations. Finally, we discuss the implications of this work on language design and structure.
Initial Data Characterizing the Progression from Obsessions and Compulsions to Full-Blown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Most individuals who develop obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) experience years of obsessions and/or compulsions preceding onset of the full-blown disorder (Angst in Current insights in obsessive compulsive disorder, Wiley, Chirchester, New York, Brisbane, 1994; Coles et al. in Behav Cogn Psychother 11:1–11, 2011; Pinto et al. in J Clin Psychiatry 67(5):703–711, 2006). However, little is known about experiences during this period and about factors that are involved in the generation of interference or distress that signals the onset of diagnosable OCD. Therefore, the current study was designed to provide data on the characteristics of the symptom phase of OCD and potential markers of the transition from symptoms to the full-blown disorder. Individuals that eventually developed full-blown OCD retrospectively reported that generalized anxiety, perfectionism, impaired work or school performance, social isolation, preoccupation with details and intolerance of uncertainty, frequently emerged after their initial OC symptoms but before full-criteria for OCD were met. Increases in stress level, the desire for things to feel ‘just right’, and the amount of attention paid to one’s thoughts were perceived as having played an important role in the transition to OCD. Additional data and theory development regarding the progression from symptoms to OCD is warranted.
Are Monitored Telemetry Beds Necessary for Patients With Nontraumatic Chest Pain and Normal or Nonspecific Electrocardiograms

We evaluated the frequency of cardiovascular complications in chest pain patients with normal or non-specific electrocardiograms admitted to noncardiac care unit monitored beds and found that none of 261 patients had life-threatening dysrrhythmias requiring treatment.
Wavelet-domain compressive signal reconstruction using a Hidden Markov Tree model

Compressive sensing aims to recover a sparse or compressible signal from a small set of projections onto random vectors; conventional solutions involve linear programming or greedy algorithms that can be computationally expensive. Moreover, these recovery techniques are generic and assume no particular structure in the signal aside from sparsity. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that enables fast recovery of piecewise smooth signals, a large and useful class of signals whose sparse wavelet expansions feature a distinct "connected tree" structure. Our algorithm fuses recent results on iterative reweighted pound1-norm minimization with the wavelet Hidden Markov Tree model. The resulting optimization-based solver outperforms the standard compressive recovery algorithms as well as previously proposed wavelet-based recovery algorithms. As a bonus, the algorithm reduces the number of measurements necessary to achieve low-distortion reconstruction.
The Use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Primary Care

Although primary care clinicians have developed considerable expertise in managing patients with major depressive disorder, and a range of treatment strategies is currently available, some patients still fail to reach remission. Two strategies have fallen out of common use: treating patients with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and subgrouping patients by diagnosis when selecting antidepressant treatment. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors became less popular because other treatments were perceived to be safer and easier to use. However, a newer transdermal formulation of an MAOI that limits the need for the dietary restrictions of oral MAOIs may make it worthwhile to consider using this class of medication in patients who have failed several treatment trials. Although adverse events due to patients' diets are less likely with the transdermal MAOI, clinicians should still be alert for drug interactions and observe recommended washout periods. Patients who may benefit from MAOI treatment include those with treatment-resistant depression, atypical depression, anxiety, or anergic bipolar depression and those who have experienced intolerable metabolic or sexual side effects with other medications.
“I Don't Want My Ends to Just Meet; I Want My Ends Overlappin”: Personal Aspiration and the Rejection of Progressive Rap

This study uses genre analysis, which combines ethnography and the exploration of textual forms and norms (Swales, 1990), to explore responses to different genres of rap. The participants were working-class adolescent Blacks and Latinos enrolled in a New York City high school arts class in hip-hop production and poetry. Their teachers, active rap artists, favored “conscious rap,” an overtly politically progressive style. Their students, by contrast, preferred the more commercially successful style called hard-core rap, and they rejected the political message and norms entailed by the teachers' style. Whereas it is commonly assumed that hard-core rap is apolitical, this study, following Bynoe (2004) finds that hard-core rap in fact supports a strong capitalist ideology. The students find this ideology attractive because it supports their dreams and expectations of a successful and prosperous adulthood. By contrast, conscious rap paints them as victims whose only hope is a massive and unrealistic social change.
Reciprocal excitation between identified flight motor neurons inDrosophila and its effect on pattern generation

Intracellular recordings from the motor neurons innervating the dorsal longitudinal flight muscle (DLM) show that when one motor neuron fires, a response is transmitted to the other motor neurons (especially between the pairs innervating muscle fibers 1–2 and 3–4). The transmitted response often had a very similar waveform to the neuron's own response, consisting of a prepotential, spike-like component, and hyperpolarized phase. It is suggested that this response is transmitted electrically rather than chemically.
Data migration and persistence management in a medical imaging informatics data grid

The Medical Imaging Informatics Data Grid project is an enterprise infrastructure solution developed at the University of Southern California for archiving digital medical images and structured reports. Migration methodology and policies are needed to maintain continuous data availability as data volumes are being copied and/or moved within a data grid's multi-site storage devices. In the event a storage device is unavailable, a copy of its contents should be available at a live secondary storage device within the data grid to provide continuous data availability. In the event a storage device within the data grid is running out of space, select data volumes should be moved seamlessly to a tier-2 storage device for long-term storage, without interruption to front-end users. Thus the database and file migration processes involved must not disrupt the existing workflows in the data grid model. This paper discusses the challenges, policies, and protocols required to provide data persistence through data migration in the Medical Imaging Informatics Data Grid.
Investigation of Three Doses of Oral Insulin-like Growth Factor-I on Jejunal Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase Activity and Gene Expression and Enterocyte Proliferation and Migration in Piglets

In a previous study, oral IGF-I at 65 nM increased lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity and villus height in piglets, however, the mechanisms were unknown. Herein, the response to a range of doses of IGF-I was investigated and we hypothesized that LPH and villus height would respond to oral IGF-I in a dose-dependent manner. Two 14-d experiments were conducted using cesarean-derived piglets. In experiment 1, piglets (n = 28) were fed formula containing 0, 33, 65, or 131 nmol/L (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/L) recombinant human IGF-I. In experiment 2, 5'-bromodeoxyuridine was administered to piglets fed formula alone (n = 4) or containing 131 nmol/L IGF-I (n = 4). IGF-I did not affect body weight gain or intestinal weight or length. Jejunal villus height and LPH activity were significantly greater in piglets fed 131 nmol IGF-I/L than control piglets. Villus height and lactase activity in piglets fed the 33 and 65 nmol/L IGF-I doses were similar and intermediate between control and 131 nmol IGF-I/L. Jejunal mRNA expression and LPH polypeptide abundance were investigated in piglets receiving 0 or 131 nmol/L IGF-I. Steady state LPH mRNA abundance was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in IGF-I-treated piglets. The relative abundance of proLPH(h) was not significantly increased (p = 0.06) by IGF-I treatment. Mucosal DNA content and DNA synthesis were greater in piglets receiving 131 nmol IGF-I/L than control, however, enterocyte migration and mucosal protein content were unaffected. Thus, oral IGF-I increased jejunal LPH activity and LPH mRNA abundance and stimulated intestinal cell hyperplasia in normal piglets.
Subspace leaky LMS

The least mean squared (LMS) adaptive filtering algorithm may experience uncontrolled parameter drift when its input signal is not persistently exciting, leading to serious consequences when implemented with finite word-length. Though so-called "tap-leakage" modifications of LMS have been proposed to mitigate this drift, they inevitably introduce parameter bias which degrades mean-squared error performance. In this letter, we propose a novel algorithm which leaks only in the unexcited modes, thus introducing insignificant bias, while still retaining the low computational complexity of LMS.
Exploring Failure Recovery for Stencil-based Applications at Extreme Scales

Application resilience is a key challenge that must be addressed in order to realize the exascale vision. Previous work has shown that online recovery, even when done in a global manner (i.e., involving all processes), can dramatically reduce the overhead of failures when compared to the more traditional approach of terminating the job and restarting it from the last stored checkpoint. In this paper we suggest going one step further, and explore how local recovery can be used for certain classes of applications to reduce the overheads due to failures. Specifically we study the feasibility of local recovery for stencil-based parallel applications and we show how multiple independent failures can be masked to effectively reduce the impact on the total time to solution.
A unified theory of the stability of benzenoid hydrocarbons

The spectral density operator technique is proved to be a convenient tool for derivation of approximate topological formulae for total pi-electron energy (Epi) of benzenoid hydrocarbons (BHs). Developed mathematical formalism points out a common origin of three different measures for the stability of BHs, namely: resonance energy (RE), number of Kekule structures (K) and HOMO-LUMO separation (XHL). In turn, a novel topological invariant corresponding to “normalized” RE is derived. Numerical calculations for a representative set of BHs demonstrate effectiveness of the present approach. Various approaches to an estimation of BH stabilities are discussed.
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Wireless Sensor Networks to Support Heterogeneous Applications

As larger numbers of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications get deployed in our homes and offices, it is desirable to use the same network to run different applications. We present and analyze the problem of scheduling and supporting the execution of multiple heterogeneous applications on top of the same WSN. First, we establish that using the same MAC or network protocol is not sufficient to obtain acceptable performance across a set of applications that require different types of communication services from the protocol stack (e.g., low-rate reliable many-toone collection vs point-to-point low-latency bulk-data streaming). Hence, we propose a framework to dynamically reconfigure the WSN and adapt its power consumption, transmission reliability, and data throughput to the different requirements of the applications. The framework makes it possible to specify, at design time, distinct network, MAC and radio protocols for each application as well as the events and policies triggering the WSN reconfigurations. At run-time, the WSN automatically reconfigures itself in response to these events and according to these policies. Through experiments on a 119-node testbed, we show that the proposed approach can reconfigure the whole network in few hundreds of milliseconds while incurring little memory and control overhead.
Chemical studies of h chondrites: III. Regolith evolution of the fayetteville chondrite parent

Radiochemical neutron concentration analysis was used to determine Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, and Zn contents in consortium samples of solar gas and track-rich dark matrix. Data obtained confirmed that the matrix is chemically homogeneous. Most dark clasts had similar mean trace element concentrations as the matrix but were compositionally much more heterogeneous. It is concluded that material incorporated with soil and compacted to form the dark portion of Fayetteville included soil-melt, the odd C2M fragment, and dark and light clasts which escaped comminution.
Detection of bacteriophage-antibody complexes by agarose gel electrophoresis

To detect bacteriophage-antibody complexes, specific antiserum has been incubated with bacteriophages and antiserum-induced aggregation has been detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, using differential sieving of the gel to fractionate aggregates by size. Agarose gel electrophoresis should also be of use in monitoring reaction of other virus-sized antigens with antibodies.
Performance analysis of Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithms for a many-core architecture

Given that many-core architectures are becoming the mainstream framework for high performance computing, it is important to develop a performance model for many-core architectures to assist parallel algorithms design and applications performance tuning. In this paper, we propose a performance modeling technique for parallel Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithms, for an abstract many-core architecture that captures generic features and parameters of a class of real many-core architectures. We have verified our performance model on the IBM Cyclops-64 (C64) many-core architecture. The experimental results demonstrate that our model can predict the performance trend accurately, with an average relative error of 16%, when running on up to 16 cores. The average relative error rate gradually increases to 29%, when running on up to 64 cores. The experimental results also reveal that key to performance for this class of many-core architectures is using the local memory and higher radix algorithms to reduce the memory traffic requirements.
Maternal disomy and Prader-Willi syndrome consistent with gamete complementation in a case of familial translocation (3;15) (p25;q11.2)

Maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) for chromosome 15 is responsible for an estimated 30% of cases of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). We report on an unusual case of maternal disomy 15 in PWS that is most consistent with adjacent-1 segregation of a paternal t(3;15)(p25;q11.2) with simultaneous maternal meiotic nondisjunction for chromosome 15. The patient (J.B.), a 17-year-old white male with PWS, was found to have 47 chromosomes with a supernumerary, paternal der(15) consisting of the short arm and the proximal long arm of chromosome 15, and distal chromosome arm 3p. The t(3;15) was present in the balanced state in the patient's father and a sister. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the PWS critical region resided on the derivative chromosome 3 and that there was no deletion of the PWS region on the normal pair of 15s present in J.B. Methylation analysis at exon alpha of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene showed a pattern characteristic of only the maternal chromosome 15 in J.B. Maternal disomy was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of microsatellite repeats at the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor beta3 subunit (GABRB3) locus. A niece (B.B.) with 45 chromosomes and the derivative 3 but without the der(15) demonstrated a phenotype consistent with that reported for haploinsufficiency of distal 3 p. Uniparental disomy associated with unbalanced segregation of non-Robertsonian translocations has been reported previously but has not, to our knowledge, been observed in a case of PWS. Furthermore, our findings are best interpreted as true gamete complementation resulting in maternal UPD 15 and PWS.
Quantile estimation from grouped data: the cell midpoint

Data are often collected in histogram form, especially in the context of computer simulation. While requiring less memory and computation than saving all observations, the grouping of observations in the histogram cells complicates statistical estimation of parameters of interest. In this paper the mean and variance of the cell midpoint estimator of the pth quantile are analyzed in terms of distribution, cell width, and sample size. Three idiosyncrasies of using cell midpoints to estimate quantiles are illustrated. The results tend to run counter to previously published results for grouped data.