cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the KT source crater: Progress and future prospects

It has been 15 years since an iridium-enriched clay layer at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary was discovered, providing the first hard evidence linking the most recent mass extinction event to a comet or asteroid strike [Alvarez et al., 1980]. Now it is widely accepted that the site of this collision is on the Yucatan platform, centered near Progreso, Mexico. The 200–300-km-wide crater lies buried beneath 300–1000 m of limestone laid down in the intervening 65 million years, and few clues of its presence remain at the surface, save an arcuate arrangement of water-filled sinkholes centered approximately on the structure (Figure 1). Yet prominent circular anomalies in gravity and magnetic anomaly maps gained the interest of Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), and in the early 1950s they began an exploration campaign that included deep drilling to recover samples of the subsurface rocks. The buried feature became known as the Chicxulub structure. Pemex drilling continued throughout the early 1970s and by that time, three wells near the center had recovered silicate rocks with igneous textures, initially mistaken for volcanic rocks. Other wells, located between 130 km and 210 km from ground zero recovered breccia deposits hundreds of meters thick that showed evidence of catastropic or explosive conditions. By 1980, Antonio Camargo, a geophysicist at Pemex, felt the evidence pointed to impact, although a volcanic origin for the Chicxulub structure could not be ruled out.
Intelligence makes people think like economists: Evidence from the General Social Survey

Abstract Education is by far the strongest predictor of whether a non-economist will share the economic beliefs of the average economist. (Caplan, 2001) Is the effect of education as large as it seems? Or is education largely a proxy for cognitive ability? Using data from the General Social Survey (GSS), we show that the estimated effect of education sharply falls after controlling for intelligence. In fact, education is driven down to second place, and intelligence replaces it at the top of the list of variables that make people "think like economists." Thus, to a fair degree education is proxy for intelligence, though there are some areas—international economics in particular—where education still dominates. An important implication is that the political externalities of education may not be as large as they initially appear.
The Urbanization-Party Competition Hypothesis: A Comparison of all United States Counties

although the evidence to date has not been conclusive, one proposition that has recently found a comfortable spot in the conventional wisdom of political science and political sociology is that ". . . urban structures are conducive to the existence of competitive party systems and that there is a progressive transition to semicompetitive and non-competitive (one-party) systems as areas are located along an urban-rural ecological continuum."' The proposition is based on a plausible rationale-that the probability of complex combinations of characteristics associated with partisan differentiation increases with the size, density, and heterogeneity of ecological units.2 Efforts to test the proposition have been conducted at both the state and county levels. When the former unit of analysis is used,
Species, Speciation and Chromosomes

From the earliest days of cytogenetics, students of chromosomes have asked what role chromosomal rearrangements play in speciation. Not having a clear idea of the nature of species, some of these authors brought more confusion than light to the subject. It is obvious then that an understanding of the meaning of species is a prerequisite of the understanding of the role of chromosomes in speciation. It is for this reason that Dr. Benirschke has invited me to speak on species and speciation.
Computer science teaching visualizations using logic simulation: conference tutorial

In this workshop the logic diagrams of computer organization and architecture texts will come alive through the use of digital logic simulation. Specifically, each circuit diagram of two prominent computer organization / architecture texts will be built and demonstrated using the free logic simulation tool, Logisim. The circuits to be built and demonstrated include Inverters, NAND and NOR gates from CMOS transistors, Memory Circuits and Adders from ANDs, ORs and Inverters, Four bit Adder from Full Adders, Symmetric Encryption and Decryption, State Machines, and a four instruction CPU designed for teaching with demonstration programs. With each of these circuits and demonstrations the state of transistors and wires is visible, and well as the values stored in registers and memory.
Evaluation of ex vivo expansion potential of cord blood and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells using cell tracking and limiting dilution analysis

In the absence of conclusive assays capable of determining the functionality of ex vivo expanded human hematopoietic progenitor cells, we combined cell tracking with the membrane dye PKH2, immunostaining for CD34, and limiting dilution analysis to estimate the frequency of long-term hematopoietic culture-initiating cells (LTHC-ICs) among de novo-generated CD34+ cells. Umbilical cord blood (CB) and bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells were stained with PKH2 on day 0 and cultured with stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in short-term stromal cell-free suspension cultures. Proliferation of CD34+ cells in culture was tracked through their PKH2 fluorescence relative to day 0 and the continued expression of CD34. As such, it was possible to identify cells that had divided while maintaining the expression of CD34 (CD34+PKH2dim) and others that expressed CD34 but had not divided (CD34+PKH2bright). In all such cultures, a fraction of both BM and CB CD34+ cells failed to divide in response to cytokines and persisted in culture for up to 10 days as CD34+PKH2bright cells. Between days 5 and 7 of culture, CD34+PKH2bright and CD34+PKH2dim cells were sorted in a limiting dilution scheme into 96-well plates prepared with medium, SCF, IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and erythropoietin. Cells proliferating in individual wells were assayed 2 weeks later for their content of clonogenic progenitors and the percentage of negative wells was used to calculate the frequency of LTHC-ICs in each population. Among fresh isolated BM and CB CD34+ cells, the frequencies of LTHC-ICs were 2.01% +/- 0.98% (mean +/- SEM) and 7.56% +/- 2.48%, respectively. After 5 to 7 days in culture, 3.00% +/- 0.56% of ex vivo-expanded BM CD34+PKH2bright cells and 4.46% +/- 1.10% of CD34+PKH2dim cells were LTHC-ICs. In contrast, the frequency of LTHC-IC in ex vivo expanded CB CD34+ cells declined drastically, such that only 3.87% +/- 2.06% of PKH2bright and 2.29% +/- 1.75% of PKH2dim cells were determined to be initiating cells after 5 to 7 days in culture. However, when combined with a calculation of the net change in the number of CD34+ cells in culture, the sum total of LTHC-ICs in both BM and CB cells declined in comparison to fresh isolated cells, albeit to a different degree between the two tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Development and Application of Laboratory Tools To Predict Particle Properties upon Scale-Up in Agitated Filter-Dryers

Agitated filter-dryers (AFDs) are commonly used for performing both filtration and drying operations in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates. Successful scale-up from the laboratory to manufacturing AFD equipment requires that physical properties specifications such as particle size be consistently met in addition to chemical purity specifications. Depending on the API–solvent system and equipment operational parameters, undesired attrition or agglomeration may occur, so an improved understanding of these phenomena upon scale-up is of key importance. In this paper, we describe recent advances in laboratory methods, based on material characterization methods common to drug product formulation development, to better assess the risk of agglomeration and attrition potential upon scale-up. These methods provide data to evaluate solid behavior, in both wet and dry states, associated with processing in an AFD. For agglomeration prediction, the application of mixer torque ...
A Frequency-optimized Discontinuous Formulation for Wave Propagation Problems

Recently, a new unifying discontinuous formulation was developed by Huynh [7], and extended to simplex and hybrid meshes by Wang & Gao [21] for hyperbolic conservation laws. As with almost all discontinuous methods such as the discontinuous Galerkin, spectral volume and spectral difference methods, the new formulation named CPR (Correction Procedure via Reconstruction) employs a piece-wise discontinuous polynomial space. In this paper, a hybrid discontinuous space including polynomial and Fourier bases is employed in the CPR formulation to compute broad-band waves. The dispersion and dissipation properties of this method are investigated through a Fourier analysis. The analysis is also used to guide the selection of free-parameters to o ptimize the resolution of broadband waves and minimize both dissipation and dispersion errors. The results are verified with numerical solutions of the simple scalar advection equation a nd the two-dimensional acoustic wave equations.
Tight-binding Electron-ion Dynamics: A Method for treating nonadiabatic processes and Interactions with Electromagnetic Radiation

A method is introduced for simulations of the coupled dynamics of electrons and ions in a molecule or material. It is applicable to general nonadiabatic processes, including interactions with an arbitrarily intense radiation field. The field is included in the electronic Hamiltonian through a time-dependent Peierls substitution. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation is solved with an algorithm that preserves orthogonality, and the atomic forces are obtained from a generalized Ehrenfest theorem. Calculations for GaAs and Si demonstrate that the method is reliable and quantitative.
Simultaneous determinination of seven amions in drinking water by ion chromatography

Objective:To develop a method with ion chromatography to simultaneously determine seven anions in drinking water.Methods: The samples were filtered through a 0.2 μm millipore filter and injected directly.The seven anions in samples were separated by an Ionpac AS19 analytical column(4 mm×250 mm) with Ionpac AG19 guard column and 34.0 mmol/L KOH as eluent.The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.Anions were detected by suppressed electric conductivity detector.Results: This method exhibited excellent correlation(r0.9993) and good analytic precision(RSD3.0%).The recovery rates were in the range of 95.0%～103.7%.The detection limit were F-: 0.0015 mg/L;Cl-: 0.0010 mg/L;NO-2-N: 0.0019 mg/L;SO2-4: 0.0012 mg/L;Br-: 0.0018 mg/L;NO-3: 0.0013 mg/L;HPO2-4: 0.0023 mg/L.Conclusion: This method was convenient,fast and accurate with wide linear range and it can be applied for inspection of large numbers of water samples.
ODF document processing with ODF toolkit in an insurance solution

Document processing is quite important and frequently involved in business processes in industry areas.The manually document processing will bring inefficiency and errors.In industry solutions,electronic forms are usually used to promote the automatically document processing.But electronic forms cannot satisfy all kinds of user requirements in industry solutions.Open Document Format(ODF),as an open XML-based document standard(ISO26300),offers industry the opportunity to programmatically manipulate documents and their data.With the help of ODF Toolkit,ODF document data is available for software developers to programmatically manipulate without any knowledge of ODF specification.To prove the business values that ODF and ODF Toolkit can bring to industry solutions,a Prove of Concept for ODF document processing in an insurance solution based on SOA infrastructure is created by Standards tam inside IBM CSDL.
A linear approach of grounding grid fault diagnosis

To benefit for grounding grid fault diagnosis,a novel method for grounding grid fault diagnosis is proposed.In which the grounding grids can be equaled into a purity resistance net and equaled into an intrinsic branches grids that only contained touchable nodes by the position of touchable nodes.Based on above,the resistance of intrinsic branches grids can be calculated by the Tellegon theory.The branch resistances of the branches in the grounding grids are worked out by using the least square method proposed in[14].Another approach was proposed that evaluated the reliability for the result of branches resistances,and the program steps are illustrated in the paper.Finally,an experimental grounding grid with sixty branches is used as an example.The results of fault diagnosis show that the proposed approaches are correct and feasible.
Work and Weight

Hermann Helmholtz was born in the city of Potsdam in the Kingdom of Prussia. Very early he developed a love of books—especially physics and mathematics books—but for economic reasons his parents encouraged him to study medicine. In 1837, he obtained a government grant to study at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelm Institute of Medicine and Surgery in Berlin—with the stipulation that he would subsequently serve as a doctor in the Prussian army. So after graduating he was assigned to a regiment in Potsdam, where he spent his free time doing experimental research on muscle physiology. At the time, living organisms were thought to possess a vital principle, as it were, which could initiate forces within the organism. How else, after all, could one explain the directed growth and willful action of plants and animals? Helmholtz was uncomfortable with this philosophy of nature, which seemed to suggest that living bodies were themselves capable of perpetual motion. So in 1847, informed by his studies of heat produced during muscle action, he published an essay entitled Uber die Erhaltung der Kraft. In this essay, Helmholtz aimed to provide a “critical investigation and arrangement of the facts for the benefit of physiologists.” The facts to which he was referring—drawn from a wide range of mechanical, thermodynamic, and electrical systems—pertain to the question of whether natural forces are in fact capable of producing perpetual motion. Helmholtz thinks not, and proceeds to lay out his general theory of the conservation of force, which is today known as the conservation of energy.
Dietary Fisetin Supplementation Protects Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice.

Background Overproduction of reactive oxygen species is associated with the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Plant polyphenols have been used as dietary interventions for multiple diseases including ALD. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with fisetin, a novel flavonoid, exerts beneficial effect on alcohol-induced liver injury. Methods C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed with the Lieber-DeCarli control or ethanol (EtOH) diet for 4 weeks with or without fisetin supplementation at 10 mg/kg/d. Results Alcohol feeding induced lipid accumulation in the liver and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, which were attenuated by fisetin supplementation. The EtOH concentrations in the plasma and liver were significantly elevated by alcohol exposure but were reduced by fisetin supplementation. Although fisetin did not affect the protein expression of alcohol metabolism enzymes, the aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased by fisetin compared to the alcohol alone group. In addition, fisetin supplementation remarkably reduced hepatic NADPH oxidase 4 levels along with decreased plasma hydrogen peroxide and hepatic superoxide and 4-hydroxynonenal levels after alcohol exposure. Alcohol-induced apoptosis and up-regulation of Fas and cleaved caspase-3 in the liver were prevented by fisetin. Moreover, fisetin supplementation attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis through increasing plasma adiponectin levels and hepatic protein levels of p-AMPK, ACOX1, CYP4A, and MTTP. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the protective effect of fisetin on ALD is achieved by accelerating EtOH clearance and inhibition of oxidative stress. The data suggest that fisetin has a therapeutical potential for treating ALD.
Tricuspid annulus: A spatial and temporal analysis.

Background: Traditional two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic evaluation of tricuspid annulus (TA) dilation is based on single-frame measurements of the septolateral (S-L) dimension. This may not represent either the axis or the extent of dynamism through the entire cardiac cycle. In this study, we used real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to analyze geometric changes in multiple axes of the TA throughout the cardiac cycle in patients without right ventricular abnormalities. Materials and Methods: R-wave-gated 3D TEE images of the TA were acquired in 39 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. The patients with abnormal right ventricular/tricuspid structure or function were excluded from the study. For each patient, eight points along the TA were traced in the 3D dataset and used to reconstruct the TA at four stages of the cardiac cycle (end- and mid-systole, end- and mid-diastole). Statistical analyses were applied to determine whether TA area, perimeter, axes, and planarity changed significantly over each stage of the cardiac cycle. Results: TA area (P = 0.012) and perimeter (P = 0.024) both changed significantly over the cardiac cycle. Of all the axes, only the posterolateral-anteroseptal demonstrated significant dynamism (P < 0.001). There was also a significant displacement in the vertical axis between the points and the regression plane in end-systole (P < 0.001), mid-diastole (P = 0.014), and mid-systole (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The TA demonstrates selective dynamism over the cardiac cycle, and its axis of maximal dynamism is different from the axis (S-L) that is routinely measured with 2D TEE.
A fuzzy model for environmental benign process planning selection

Environmental factors have become an important factor for a manufacturing process. It includes quantity of solid wastes generated, air pollution, water pollution, catalysts flow, health and safety of operators. Efforts were made in all possible stages of manufacturing, and one among them is environmental conscious process planning. It takes into account environmental issues with technical and operational factors. Environmental parameters that effect eco-friendly process planning were often difficult to measure, as there it involves a certain degree of vagueness, impreciseness and inaccuracies associated with the data. Hence the use of fuzzy set theory helped to deal with the uncertainties and complexities in the knowledge to be incorporated and thus capture and model the impreciseness in human reasoning in set-up planning. Fuzzy set theory aimed at providing a body of concepts and techniques for dealing with modes of reasoning. The main objectives of this research is towards integrating the environmentally benign process planning with fuzzy set theories as fuzzy environmental process planning can handle the vagueness and impreciseness associated with the data and can eliminate subjective decisions.
A Dynamical and Statistical Characterization of U.S. Extreme Precipitation Events and Their Associated Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns

AbstractRegional patterns of extreme precipitation events occurring over the continental United States are identified via hierarchical cluster analysis of observed daily precipitation for the period 1950–2005. Six canonical extreme precipitation patterns (EPPs) are isolated for the boreal warm season and five for the cool season. The large-scale meteorological pattern (LMP) inducing each EPP is identified and used to create a “base function” for evaluating a climate model’s potential for accurately representing the different patterns of precipitation extremes. A parallel analysis of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), reveals that the CCSM4 successfully captures the main U.S. EPPs for both the warm and cool seasons, albeit with varying degrees of accuracy. The model’s skill in simulating each EPP tends to be positively correlated with its capability in representing the associated LMP. Model bias in the occurrence frequency of a governing LMP is directly related to the frequency bias in ...
Evaluation of the efficacy of turbulence models for swirling flows and the effect of turbulence intensity on heat transfer

Turbulent fluid flows with a swirl occur in numerous engineering practice situations. Five widely recognized turbulence models were evaluated using experimental results. Among the RANS-based two-eq...
Potential for regenerating major and minor ash species (Fraxinus spp.) following EAB infestation in the eastern United States

Abstract Incidentally introduced in 2002, the expansion of emerald ash borer (EAB) led to widespread ash mortality throughout the eastern United States. A great deal of effort has been invested in containing and controlling this forest invasive species, whereas the ability to regenerate ash from extant seedling and sapling populations following the initial EAB invasion has received less attention. Using recent data available from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program (FIA), we quantified ash seedling and sapling regeneration counts across FIA forest type groups containing white, green, black, blue, pumpkin, and Carolina ash. In addition, all other seedling and sapling species in these stands were quantified to determine overall species composition of the regeneration and the potential for inter-specific competition. Ash seedlings and saplings represented the greatest proportion of regeneration across most forest type groups containing mature ash. Top competitors of ash tended to be far less economically and ecologically valuable. If retaining ash in current stands remains a management goal, and provided that an effective biological control for EAB is identified and established across infested areas, the success of extant ash seedlings and saplings into larger size classes will depend on silvicultural treatments designed for controlling inter-specific competition across stand cohorts.
Meeting Report for the 2017 National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium: Cardiovascular Bioengineering Workshop and Symposium.

The 2017 Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Workshop and Symposium—sponsored, in part, by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Progenitor Cell Biology Translational Consortium—was held on March 2 to 3, 2017, in the Hill Student Center and the Alumni House of the University of Alabama, Birmingham (Figure). The 2017 Workshop and Symposium built on the success of last 2 years’ annual meeting1 and was hosted by Dr Jianyi (Jay) Zhang, Professor and Chair of Biomedical Engineering at University of Alabama, Birmingham. The Workshop was attended by Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium investigators and scientists in the field to focus on their bioengineering works with pluripotent stem cells and engineered heart tissue. The Symposium was open to a broader audience (faculty members, research fellows, medical residents, and PhD students) and featured presentations by international leaders in the field of cardiovascular bioengineering. Figure. 2017 Progenitor Cell Translational Consortium (PCTC) Faculty and Consortium Organization Committee (from left to right ). First row: Kelly Hillard, Joel L. Berry. Second row: Mark Sussman, Roberto Bolli, Victor J. Dzau, Jianyi (Jay) Zhang, Raj Kishore; Third row: Sean Wu, Elizabeth A. Lipke, Brenda Ogle, Yabing Chen, Michael Terrin, Michael E. Davis, Leigh Griffiths, John P. Cooke. Fourth row: Daniel J. Garry, Kevin Healy, Prasanna Krishnamurthy, Jack M. Rogers, Bjorn C. Knollmann, Fifth row: Gangjian (GQ) Qin, Gregory P. Walcott, Kevin (Chunxiang) Zhang, Timothy J. Kamp, Sumanth D. Prabhu, Stefan Janssens, Denis Buxton. Sixth row: Joao Silva Soares, William Holman, Joseph C. Wu, Philippe Menasche, Shijun Hu, Lei Ye. The meeting opened with remarks from Dr Jianyi(Jay) Zhang , Chair of the Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium Cardiovascular Bioengineering Interest Group; Dr Denis Buxton , Director of Cardiovascular Sciences at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Dr Victor J. Dzau , President of the National Academy of Medicine and Professor of …
Effects of Respiratory Muscle Strength Training in Classically Trained Singers.

Summary Many voice pedagogy practices revolve around the notion of controlling airflow and lung volumes and focus heavily on the concepts of breath support and breath control. Despite this emphasis, the effects of increased respiratory muscle strength on airflow and phonation patterns in trained singers remain unknown. This study addressed whether singers could increase respiratory muscle strength with progressive threshold training and whether respiratory muscle strength increases had measurable effect on voice outcomes. A single-subject design was used to answer the research questions. Improved breath support was hypothesized to manifest in differences in airflow and phonetogram characteristics. Six graduate-level singing students were recruited to complete the protocol, which consisted of a baseline phase followed by either inspiratory muscle strength training followed by expiratory muscle strength training or vice versa. Results showed that these singers had increased respiratory muscle strength after completing the training program. Consistent changes in measures of aerodynamics and voice were not present among subjects, although some individual changes were noted. Future research may focus on the effects of respiratory muscle strength training in less advanced singers.
Effects of aspirin dose escalation on platelet function and urinary thromboxane and prostacyclin levels in normal dogs

Abstract Established "low" aspirin dosages inconsistently inhibit platelet function in dogs. Higher aspirin dosages consistently inhibit platelet function, but are associated with adverse effects. The objectives of this study were to use an escalation in dosage to determine the lowest aspirin dosage that consistently inhibited platelet function without inhibiting prostacyclin synthesis. Eight dogs were treated with five aspirin dosages: 0.5 mg/kg q24h, 1 mg/kg q24h, 2 mg/kg q24h, 4 mg/kg q24h and 10 mg/kg q12h for 7 days. Utilizing aggregometry and a whole-blood platelet function analyzer (PFA-100), platelet function was evaluated before and after treatment. Urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane-B2 (11-dTXB2 ) and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1α (6-keto-PGF1α ), were measured. Compared to pretreatment, there were significant post-treatment decreases in the maximum aggregometry amplitude and increases in the PFA-100 closure times for all dosages expect 0.5 mg/kg q24h. There was no difference in amplitude or closure time among the 2 mg/kg q24h, 4 mg/kg q24h, and 10 mg/kg q12h dosages. Compared to pretreatment values, there was a significant decrease in urinary 11-dTXB2 -to-creatinine and 6-keto-PGF1α -to-creatinine ratios, but there was no dose-dependent decrease for either metabolite. An aspirin dosage of 2 mg/kg q24h consistently inhibits platelet function without decreasing prostacyclin synthesis significantly more than lower aspirin dosages.
Tension pneumoperitoneum after bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Abdominal visceral injuries after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are infrequent though can be significant complications of CPR requiring invasive interventions. We present a case of a gastric perforation as a result of bystander CPR. This resulted in tension pneumoperitoneum necessitating abdominal decompression prior to laparotomy and repair. Presentation of case 37-year-old female complained of abdominal pain and distension after return of spontaneous circulation from successful CPR following a drug overdose and cardiopulmonary arrest. Abdominal imaging showed significant amounts of free intraperitoneal air causing compression of the abdominal visceral organs. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. Prior to induction of general anesthesia with potential cardiovascular collapse from the tension pneumoperitoneum, the abdomen was decompressed with a spring-loaded insufflation (Veress) needle while the patient was awake. Upon exploration, there were two three-centimeter gastric perforations that were primarily repaired with omental patch. The patient had an uneventful recovery and discharged home on postoperative day four. Conclusion The Veress needle, usually used for insufflating the abdomen during laparoscopy, can also be an effective tool to decompress the abdomen when presented with tension pneumoperitoneum. Abdominal visceral injuries are rare following CPR but do occur and will likely require an invasive intervention. Surviving cardiac arrest as a young person and living without deficits outweighs the risk of a surgical correction for a visceral injury. While resuscitation measures are critical for survival, medical personnel need to be aware of potential complications from resuscitative efforts and potential management strategies.
Neu-NoC: a high-efficient interconnection network for accelerated neuromorphic systems

A modern neuromorphic acceleration system could consist of hundreds of accelerators, which are often organized through a network-on-chip (NoC). Although the overall computing ability is greatly promoted by a large number of the accelerators, the power consumption and average delay of the NoC itself becomes prominent. In this paper, we first analyze the characteristics of the data traffic in neuromorphic acceleration systems and the bottleneck of the popular NoC designs adopted in such systems. We then propose Neu-NoC - a high-efficient interconnection network to reduce the redundant data traffic in neuromorphic acceleration systems and explore the data transfer ability between adjacent layers. A sophisticated neural network aware mapping algorithm and a multicast transmission scheme are designed to alleviate data traffic congestions without increasing the average transmission distance. Finally, we explore the sparsity characteristics of fully-connected NNs. Simulation results show that compared to the most widely-used Mesh NoC design, Neu-NoC can substantially reduce the average data latency by 28.5% and the energy consumption by 39.2% in accelerated neuromorphic systems.
Postsecondary chemistry curricula and universal design for learning: planning for variations in learners’ abilities, needs, and interests

Federal legislation requires equitable access to education for all students at all levels, including in the postsecondary setting. While there have been a few studies in the chemistry education research literature base focused on how to support students with specific disabilities, this work seems to exist as a separate stream of research without direct impact on curriculum development and the overall community. This study focused on investigating how well three sets of general chemistry curricular materials support variations in students’ abilities, interests, and needs. To accomplish this, we compared the curricular materials with the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework, which describes steps to account for variations in ability among learners during curriculum development. The UDL framework is organized into three guidelines (multiple means of representation, action and expression, and engagement), further delineated by nine principles and thirty-one finer-grained checkpoints for designing courses. We looked for examples of enactment of the UDL checkpoints in a representative sample of activities. Across all three sets of curricular materials, only four of the thirty-one checkpoints were enacted in at least 75% of the activities, indicating high enactment. On the other hand, eleven of the checkpoints were enacted in less than 25% of the activities, indicating low enactment. Overall, there is much room for improvement in consistently providing support for learner variation within these general chemistry curricular materials. We argue that some of the burden of making curricular materials supportive of all students lies with curriculum developers and provide recommendations for improving support and accessibility.
Text Messaging in Oncology: A Review of the Landscape

Text messaging via short messaging service (SMS) is a common route of communication in the United States and offers many advantages to improve health care delivery compared with other forms of mHealth. Text messaging is easy to use, is convenient, is more likely to be viewed than e-mail, and can be tailored to an individual recipient's needs. Despite evidence that patients with cancer desire more mobile-based communication, there are few examples of successful text messaging interventions in the literature. This narrative review examines the current landscape of SMS-based interventions across the continuum of cancer care, including addressing behavioral change, attendance to screening and follow-up appointments, adherence to treatment, and assessment of symptoms and quality of life. Finally, we explore some of the barriers to implementation of a successful text messaging intervention.
Fixed points of map extensions

Let X be a connected finite polyhedron and A a subpolyhedron. For a map of pairs f : (X, A) --~ (X, A), the paper [11] presented a "relative" Nielsen number N(f; X, A) with the property that every map g : (X, A) --~ (X, A) homotopic to f (as a map of pairs) has at least N(f; X, A) fixed points. The paper [13] introduced a "Nielsen number of the complement" N( f ; X, A) with the property that every such map g has at least N( f ; X, A) fixed points in the closure cl(X A) of X A. Although [! 3] considerably extended the relative Nielsen fixed point theory in many cases, it furnishes no additional information when X and A are such that cl(X A) = X, for instance, if X is a compact triangulated n-manifold with boundary and A is the boundary of X.
A Theory of Education as a Basis for Environmental Education

Education can be improved if we design instruction and education research on the basis of a coherent theory that combines newer concepts from epistemology, psychology, and curriculum theory. The most crucial element in the theory is the nature of concepts and the role of concept learning (and concept using) as key elements in education. Concept is defined as a regularity in events designated by a sign or symbol. Events are anything that happen or can be made to happen.
Chapter 13 – Family Hepeviridae

Members of the family Hepeviridae are small positive-strand RNA viruses. Genomes have 5′ methyl G caps and 3′ poly (A) tails. Capsids are assembled, in part, from a glycosylated capsid protein. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infects humans and a variety of other mammals. HEV transmission is by contaminated food or water. In some countries human outbreaks are small and sporadic with zoonotic origins. In other parts of the world large waterborne outbreaks affect thousands and the virus is primarily maintained in humans. Disease is usually acute and self-limiting but severe disease is not uncommon among pregnant women. Good cell culture systems and small animal models are lacking.
Interpreting pediatric intelligence tests: a framework from evidence-based medicine

Abstract This chapter focuses on intelligence testing with children and adolescents. Measuring individual differences in abilities is one of the foundations of modern psychology. Despite more than a century of studying intelligence, no universal definition of intelligence exists and tests of intelligence have been developed that are associated with meaningful outcomes. Individually administered intelligence tests are frequently undertaken as part of a psychologist’s assessment battery of children and adolescents. However, how intelligence tests are interpreted vary from clinician to clinician along two dimensions. Psychologists may interpret an intelligence test along a qualitative–quantitative dimension and along an idiographic–nomothetic dimension. Evidence-based assessment offers psychologists a unifying framework consisting of three Ps for evaluating clinical utility of a test. A test can predict a meaningful outcome such as a diagnosis. A test can prescribe a specific treatment. A test can be used to monitor process in treatment. Two recent editions of frequently used intelligence tests—the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children and the Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities—are also reviewed.
Improved Parallel Resampling Methods for Particle Filtering

Particle filter techniques are common methods used to estimate the evolving state of nonlinear, non-Gaussian time-variant systems by utilizing a periodic sequence of noisy measurements. The accuracy of particle filter methods has often been shown to be superior to other state estimation techniques, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), for many applications. Unfortunately, the high computational cost and highly nondeterministic runtime behavior of particle filters often preclude their use in hard, real-time environments, where filter response must meet the strict timing requirements of the application. Particle filter algorithms are composed of three main stages: prediction, update, and resampling. General purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) have been successfully employed in previous research to accelerate the computation of both the prediction and update stages by exploiting their natural fine-grain parallelism. This research focuses on accelerating the resampling stage for (GPGPU) execution, which has been much more difficult to parallelize due to it's apparent inherent sequentially. This paper introduces a novel GPGPU implementation of the systematic and stratified resampling algorithms that exploit the monotonically increasing nature of the prefix-sum and the evolutionary nature of the particle weighting process to allow the re-indexing portion of the algorithms to occur in a two-phase, multi-threaded manner. This resulting measured factor of performance improvement for the systematic and stratified algorithms was 15$\times$ and 32$\times$ , respectively, over the serial implementations.
Losing Your Illusions

This chapter outlines the painful psychological processes that often accompany confrontations with misaligned expectations. Moving from well-established theories on cognitive dissonance and expectation validation to specific examples from both veteran and rookie teachers, this chapter provides activities designed to help readers identify these processes and to create structured responses to them. The chapter is based on the premise that a degree of practice shock (e.g., cognitive dissonance) is unavoidable, and pre-service teachers should be equipped with both the theoretical knowledge and the reflective skill to deal with it when it happens.
Pi for all: embedding embedded computing: conference workshop

The workshop will introduce Raspberry Pi's (Pi) as supplemental classroom resources that are applicable in a breadth of computer sciences courses. Participants will learn about the Pi, attempt classroom exercises, and be able to understand how embedded computing can enhance existing curriculum. The low-cost and highly capable Pi's have been beneficial in engaging students, encouraging collaboration, and fostering innovation. By providing students with a dedicated platform for experimentation, it allows the students to freely explore and engage without fear of impacting their ability to complete other classwork (or access Facebook). Emphasis will be placed on the incorporation of embedded computing into the classroom using examples from an OS Security, Web Fundamentals, System Administration, and Network Fundamentals courses. Participants will be provided the necessary materials to experience the Raspberry Pi. Additional discussions will include lesson learned and best practices for using the Pi in the classroom.
Oxides and the high entropy regime: A new mix for engineering physical properties

Historically, the enthalpy is the criterion for oxide materials discovery and design. In this regime, highly controlled thin film epitaxy can be leveraged to manifest bulk and interfacial phases that are non-existent in bulk equilibrium phase diagrams. With the recent discovery of entropy-stabilized oxides, entropy and disorder engineering has been realized as an orthogonal approach. This has led to the nucleation and rapid growth of research on high-entropy oxides – multicomponent oxides where the configurational entropy is large but its contribution to its stabilization need not be significant or is currently unknown. From current research, it is clear that entropy enhances the chemical solubility of species and can realize new stereochemical configurations which has led to the rapid discovery of new phases and compositions. The research has expanded beyond studies to understand the role of entropy in stabilization and realization of new crystal structures to now include physical properties and the roles of local and global disorder. Here, key observations made regarding the dielectric and magnetic properties are reviewed. These materials have recently been observed to display concerted symmetry breaking, metal-insulator transitions, and magnetism, paving the way for engineering of these and potentially other functional phenomena. Excitingly, the disorder in these oxides allows for new interplay between spin, orbital, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom to design the physical behavior. We also provide a perspective on the state of the field and prospects for entropic oxide materials in applications considering their unique characteristics.
Pregnancy during psychiatry residency : a study of attitudes.

Fifty-eight residents at two training sites at Cornell University Medical College responded to our questionnaire on attitudes toward pregnant peers. Male respondents were more likely than female respondents to believe that pregnancy interfered with work performance and to anticipate personal inconvenience from a peer's pregnancy. When residents of each gender were asked to estimate the opposite gender's responses to the same questions, men more accurately hypothesized what their female peers would say. Women overestimated the degree of negative male responses and underestimated male willingness to provide special considerations such as schedule changes for their pregnant colleagues.
Development and Validation of Fluorescently Labeled, Functional Type I Collagen Molecules

Abstract While de novo collagen fibril formation is well-studied, there are few investigations into the growth and remodeling of extant fibrils, where molecular collagen incorporation into and erosion from the fibril surface must delicately balance during fibril growth and remodeling. Observing molecule/fibril interactions is difficult, requiring the tracking of molecular dynamics while, at the same time, minimizing the effect of the observation on fibril structure and assembly. To address the observation-interference problem, exogenous collagen molecules are tagged with small fluorophores and the fibrillogenesis kinetics of labeled collagen molecules as well as the structure and network morphology of assembled fibrils are quantified for the first time. While excessive labeling significantly disturbs fibrillogenesis kinetics and network morphology of assembled fibrils, adding less than ~1.2 labels preserves them. Applications of the functional, labeled collagen probe are demonstrated in both cellular and acellular systems. The functional, labelled collagen associates strongly with native fibrils and when added to an in vitro model of corneal stromal development, is endocytosed rapidly by cells and is translocated into synthesized matrix networks within 24 hours.
The Adjunct Underclass: Analyzing the Role of Adjuncts in Higher Education

This is a review of Herb Childress's book, The Adjunct Underclass: How America's Colleges Betrayed Their Faculty, Their Students, and Their Mission.
The raffinose family of oligosaccharides.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses raffinose and those saccharides which are related to raffinose by virtue of having one or more α-D-galactopyranosyl groups in their structures. These D-galactosyl groups are found in nature joined to sugars, such as D-glucose, to sucrose, to certain polysaccharides, and to a few non-sugars, such as glycerol and inositol. The structural interrelations of the principal members of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides are presented in a tabulated form. The chapter discusses the preparative, and particularly the structural aspects of these compounds. These oligosaccharides occur in many varied plant sources. In several of these plants, they dominate the entire water-soluble extract, especially in members of the mint (Labiatae) and related families. Those oligosaccharides which occur primarily in seeds, roots, and underground stems are probably reserve carbohydrates. Generally, more than one of the group, together with sucrose, occurs in the same plant. These oligosaccharides may also be associated with related polysaccharides, such as the galactomannans and the sucrogalactans.
The Internship, Practicum, And Field Placement Handbook: A Guide For The Helping Professions

1. Preparation. 2. Getting Started. 3. Ethical and Legal Issues. 4. Internship Classes and Peer Groups. 5. Supervision. 6. Working with Diversity. 7. Clinical Writing. 8. Records and Progress Notes. 9. Stress and the Helping Professions. 10. Self-Care. 11. Assault and Other Risks. 12. Closing Cases. 13. Finishing the Internship. 14. Frustrations, Lessons, Discoveries, and Joy. APPENDICES. A: Internship Selection Checklist. B: Placement Information Form. C: Internship Learning Agreement Record Form. D: Intern Evaluation: Supervisor Form. E: Intern Evaluation: Intern Form. F: Emergency Contact and Procedures Information. G: Ethical Guidelines. H: Treatment Agreement and Informed Consent. I: Supervisor Evaluation Form. J: Clinical Activities Record Sheet. Indexes.
The Business of Sports Agents

Preface to the Second Edition Introduction I. BACKGROUND 1. Historical and Legal Foundations 2. The Business 3. Consolidation: An Evolving Industry II. PROBLEMS 4. The Basics: Competition for Clients 5. Unscrupulous and Criminal: The Problem Agents 6. Conflicts of Interest 7. Ethics: Attorney Versus Nonattorney Agents 8. Agent Wars 9. The Last Amateurs on Earth: Amateurism and Opportunity III. SOLUTIONS 10. Knights of Columbus Rules? Private Sports Agent Regulations 11. The Laws 12. A Uniform Approach: The Uniform Athlete Agents Act 13. Conclusion: The Absence of a Panacea Notes Index Acknowledgments
Morbidity and mortality in Los Alamos County, New Mexico: I. Methodological issues and preliminary results☆

Abstract Cancer among Los Alamos County, New Mexico, male residents, all of whom have worked in or have lived within a few kilometers of a major plutonium plant and other nuclear facilities, has been reviewed with respect to mortality between 1950 and 1969 and incidence between 1969 and 1974. A possible excess of neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial system was detected, but the incidence data suggest that this excess, if real, is no longer occurring. Several potentially causal occupational exposures have existed. Higher than expected incidence, currently, of cancers of the colon and rectum appears to be explained better by socioeconomic than occupational factors. Neither mortality nor incidence data suggest an excess of lung cancer in Los Alamos males. Healthy worker and healthy military effects, white ethnicity, and migration are discussed as intervening variables relevant to interpreting mortality data in counties dominated by a single major facility. The utility of county data bases in the study of single local area mortality rates is reviewed.