cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ion-beam studies of the reactions of atomic cobalt ions with cycloalkanes in the gas phase. Formation and decomposition of chemically activated metallacycles

An ion-beam apparatus is employed to study the reaction of singly charged cobalt positive ions with cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane. In all cases, ring cleavage reactions are observed. These processes find analogy with the decompositions of solution-phase metallacycles by C-C bond cleavage. In all systems but cyclopropane, dehydrogenation of the cycloalkane is also observed. Multiple dehydrogenation occurs with cyclopentane (yielding Co(C/sub 5/H/sub 6/)/sup +/) and cyclohexae (yielding Co(Ct/sub 6/H/sub 8/)/sup +/ and Co(C/sub 6/H/sub 6/)/sup +/). The present results are contrasted with the reactions of Co/sup +/ with the isomeric alkenes.
Crystal and molecular structure of a segment of a stacked face-to-face ferrocene polymer

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of a fragment of a face-to-face metallocene polymer, the [2,3]-oligomer( 2a , n = 2) of 1,8-diferrocenylnaphthalene( 1a ), has been determined in order to better define the structural features of the polymer. The molecular structure of this compound shows the same form and magnitude of molecular distortions as those found in the monomeric unit 1a . An unusual feature of the oligomer is the cis arrangement of the two naphthalene nuclei, which brings several of the carbon centers on each naphthalene ring in close proximity. These structural aspects are discussed in the context of possible structures for the related polymer.
XII—The Argument from Resentment

Moral philosophers commonly deploy a strategy of hypothetical role reversal to show that morality is a source of reasons for everyone. Agents who are prepared to wrong another are invited to put themselves in their prospective victim's shoes; the agents concede that they would resent being treated in this way; and the conclusion is drawn that they themselves have reason not to wrong their prospective victims after all. The paper offers a reconstruction and defence of this argument from resentment. The argument, on the interpretation proposed, has an essentially deliberative structure; it does not attempt to extract a normative conclusion from metaethical premisses, but to elicit first-order normative convictions that are latent in the interlocutor's outlook.
Solvent effects in liquid-phase reactions: I. Activity and selectivity during citral hydrogenation on Pt/SiO2 and evaluation of mass transfer effects

The effect of the solvent on the liquid-phase hydrogenation of citral on a Pt/SiO2 catalyst was examined by comparing the specific activity and the product selectivity in eight nonreactive solvents—n-amyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, p-dioxane, ethanol, and cyclohexanol—that have significantly different physical and electronic properties. Appendix A describes a detailed approach to calculating the properties of complex molecules that are required to determine an accurate Weisz–Prater criterion (or a Thiele modulus) to evaluate the presence or absence of pore diffusion limitations. These properties include viscosity, heat of vaporization, specific volume, and gas solubility in pure liquids or mixtures. Their utilization to calculate accurate effective diffusivities in porous catalysts is presented. All rate data utilized here were obtained in the kinetic regime. The absence of Cl in the catalyst prevented side reactions producing acetals. In a regime of kinetic control between 298 and 423 K, the turnover frequency (TOF) varied by a factor of approximately 3 at any temperature, with the highest value always obtained in p-dioxane. The variation in TOF did not correlate with either the solvent dielectric constant or its dipole moment. These catalysts deactivated by 1–2 orders of magnitude over a 24-h period at 298 or 373 K, presumably due to CO adsorption caused by a decarbonylation side reaction, and the total number of turnovers at 373 K was highest in ethanol and p-dioxane (ca. 2000), which gave conversions of 50–60%. At 423 K, the highest conversions after 24 h increased to about 95% (in ethanol or cyclohexanol). When compared at conversions near 30%, the solvent did not markedly influence the product distribution, although p-dioxane gave the lowest selectivity to geraniol and nerol. Lower citral concentrations lowered selectivity to these unsaturated alcohols, whereas H2 pressure did not impart any significant trends. In these eight solvents, a one-half to first-order dependence on citral occurred, whereas the exponential dependence on H2 pressure was relatively invariant around 0.3.
Bacterial infections in cirrhosis

Bacterial infections occur in 25-35 % of cirrhotics admitted to hospital. Health-care associated and hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections are the most common epidemiology, with community acquired infections less common (15-30 %). Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and urinary infections are the most common sites, with spontaneous bacteremia, pneumonia, cellulitis and other sites being less common. The risk of infection is increased among subjects with more severe liver disease and an infection in the past 6 months. Bacteria are isolated from approximately half of patients with a clinical diagnosis of infection. Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae are the most common organisms among community acquired infections; Gram-positive cocci are the most common organisms isolated among subjects with nosocomial infections. Up to 30 % of hospital associated infections are with multidrug resistant bacteria. Consequently, empiric antibiotic therapy that is recommended for community acquired infections is often inadequate for nosocomial infections. Infections worsen liver function. In-hospital and 1-year mortality of cirrhotics with infections is significantly higher than among cirrhotics without infection. In-hospital complications of infections, such as severe sepsis and septic shock, and mortality, are increased among subjects with multidrug-resistant infections as compared with cirrhotics with susceptible bacteria. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis of cirrhotics with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and long-term antibiotic prophylaxis of selected cirrhotics with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis reduces infections and improves survival. Albumin administration to cirrhotics with SBP and evidence of advanced liver disease improves survival. The benefit of albumin administration to cirrhotics with infections other than SBP is under investigation.
Interviewing for Education and Social Science Research: The Gateway Approach

How often does a genuinely new concept emerge in academia? Reviewers are expected to refrain from personal complaints and attacks, but this review must begin with one. However, the complaint is not...
Role of intentional abuse in children 1 to 5 years old with isolated femoral shaft fractures.

We reviewed 42 children, aged 1-5 years, with isolated femoral shaft fractures to investigate the possible role of intentional injury in these children. Those children with documented motor vehicle accidents or pathologic fractures were excluded. Follow-up from the Department of Social Services regarding the potential for the fractures being inflicted was obtained. The average age of the children was 3.1±1.2 years ; the fracture was spiral in 28, oblique in six, and transverse in eight ; history of a fall was present in 34 and absent in eight. The history was considered suspicious for intentional injury in 14 children. In all 42 children, only one fracture was documented to be inflicted ; one other child had prior documentation of intentional injury. From this review, the likelihood of intentional injury to the femoral shaft appears to be low ; unfortunately, there were no discriminating clinical parameters to help to determine which injuries were intentional. The clinician should continue to have a high index of suspicion and have the circumstances investigated if concern exists regarding the fracture.
Energy Changes Due To Mining

Abstract Convergence resulting from enlarging an excavation lowers the overburden and thereby decreases the gravitational potential energy. Part of this energy change increases the strain energy of the system. Part does work the boundaries; this includes work done against friction and dilatancy at cracks, work done to compress the props supporting the excavation, and work done against lateral lithostatic stresses acting on external boundaries. The remaining energy is assumed to be radiated by seismic waves and eventually lost as heat. Expressions for these energy changes are derived here in terms of the stress changes and the associated displacements in the excavation and on the cracks surrounding it. Analysis of the simplest case, an unsupported excavation in a medium without cracks, shows that the residual energy can be attributed to potential energy changes due to convergence of the cavity, bodily displacement of the cavity, elastic unloading of the rock in this cavity, and displacement of the mined rock in the gravity field. Only the first term is of importance in most underground mining. Slip on cracks, on one hand, tends to increase residual energy by increasing convergence and, on the other, decrease it through losses due to friction and dilatancy. The relatively low level of seismic energy radiated in deep-mining operations suggests that losses associated with cracks may be a significant factor in the energy balance.
Benjamin's Wager on Modernity: Gambling and the Arcades Project

Walter Benjamin wrote about gambling during his youth and the topic remained important through his project on the Parisian arcades that dominated the last decade of his life. In the Arcades, Benjamin analyzes gambling in relation to capitalism, religion, and psychoanalysis, and to our experience of time. Like prostitution, with which it is paired in Convolute O, gambling is a kind of ritual or game with a long history that has taken on a new guise in the exchange economy of capitalism. Benjamin believes that a genealogy of the practice can uncover aspects of its former, transformative meaning, expressed in bodily innervation. I claim that gambling is related to Benjamin's idiosyncratic idea of prophecy, in which looking toward the past opens up new possibilities of meaningful experience. It signals a possible rupture in capitalistic society, one that has revolutionary political potential, precisely because the practice is so ubiquitous.
Kenaf performance in northwestern Argentina

Abstract With increasing worldwide use of newsprint and wood products, the demand for nonwood fiber sources such as kenaf is expected to grow. Extensive studies were initiated to determine the potential for cultivation of kenaf in Argentina. Kenaf was grown at five locations in northwestern Argentina (Alberdi, Metan, Pichanal, Yuto I and Yuto II). Eight cultivars evaluated were Cubano, Everglades 41, Everglades 71, N 7, Tainung 1, Tainung 2, SF 45-9 and SF 192. Dry matter, long fiber, percent long fiber, stem diameter, number of stems per meter of row, and capsule production were measured. No significant differences were found for dry matter, long fiber and capsule yield among varieties at any of the test sites. At Pichanal, the percent long fiber was higher for Cubano (42.9%), than Tainung 2 (34.6%). Productivity in terms of dry matter and long fiber was greater at Yuto I, which had the highest rainfall and longest growing season than at the other locations. More seed capsules were produced at Yuto II than at the other sites. There were no differences in percent long fiber associated with location.
Promiscuity of a modular polyketide synthase towards natural and non-natural extender units

Combinatorial biosynthesis approaches that involve modular type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) are proven strategies for the synthesis of polyketides. In general however, such strategies are usually limited in scope and utility due to the restricted substrate specificity of polyketide biosynthetic machinery. Herein, a panel of chemo-enzymatically synthesized acyl-CoA's was used to probe the promiscuity of a polyketide synthase. Promiscuity determinants were dissected, revealing that the KS is remarkably tolerant to a diverse array of extender units, while the AT likely discriminates between extender units that are native to the producing organism. Our data provides a clear blueprint for future enzyme engineering efforts, and sets the stage for harnessing extender unit promiscuity by employing various in vivo polyketide diversification strategies.
Reaction to Chilling as an Index of Tolerance for Ingested Sulfonamide, in the Rabbit

SummarySulfanilamide, sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole produced a lengthening of the warming time, in the rabbit, roughly proportional to the amount fed and the blood level reached. Serious (>60%) lengthening occurred to an extent paralleling the incidence of rapid weight loss and death.
Death Depression Scale-Revised

A 21-item Death Depression Scale-Revised was constructed to be more independent of death anxiety than the original 17-item Death Depression Scale. This new instrument had a Chronbach's alpha of .92, reasonable correlations with death anxiety and general depression and general anxiety, a meaningful factor structure, and a correlation of .85 between Likert and true-false formats.
Optimization and Scale-Up of a Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling Reaction: Development of an Efficient Palladium Removal Technique

A ligand−solvent−base screen was performed on a Suzuki−Miyaura coupling reaction, and the screening data, followed by a set of focused experiments, helped to optimize reaction conditions. Further work was carried out that centered on reducing the level of residual palladium in the isolated product. Treatment of the reaction mixture with toluene and 20% aqueous NaHSO3 at elevated temperature lowered the palladium content from ∼8000 ppm to 100 ppm or less. The Suzuki−Miyaura coupling and palladium removal process were demonstrated on 20-L scale, are highly efficient and cost-effective, and require short cycle times.
Dealing with Uncertainty and Fuzziness in Development Planning: A Simulation of High-Technology Industrial Location Decisionmaking by the Analytic Hierarchy Process

A planning simulation approach sensitive to the behavioral and contextual environment of industrial location decisionmaking is developed. Its conceptual and methodological basis is in sharp contrast to the neoclassical premise of location theory, in dealing with contingency, collectivity, multiplicity, and uncertainty. Industrial location decisionmaking is approximated with a multidimensional simulation of (intraurban) locational choice. The likelihood of the location of high-technology firms in an ‘incubator’ and/or a ‘research park’ environment is derived by using Saaty's analytic hierarchy process. From the simulation output a means of fine-tuning public and private objectives and priorities is provided, and alternative policies for development planning to affect a desirable outcome of industrial location within a targeted urban redevelopment zone are suggested. The variance in the degree of uncertainty which bears upon the multiple dimensions of the contemporary problem of deciding upon industrial loc...
Influence of nerve growth factor on chick trigeminal motor nucleus explants.

Explants of the metencephalic basal plate from stage 11 (40-hour) chick embryos containing the trigeminal (V) motor nucleus were cultured in standard control medium, in medium supplemented with nerve growth factor (NGF), in medium supplemented with NGF and specific antibodies to NGF (anti-NGF), and in medium supplemented with anti-NGF alone. The explants grown in the presence of NGF displayed an enhanced density and complexity of neuritic outgrowth, with this growth significantly surpassing that seen in the control group (p less than .001). The explants grown in NGF plus anti-NGF and those grown in anti-NGF alone did not differ from controls. The results indicate that this early cholinergic population is specifically responsive to NGF. This finding is consistent with recent studies in which NGF receptor binding has been found in this and other early brainstem and spinal cord motor neuron populations. The possible relevance of these observations to the normal sequence involved in the development of the V motor nucleus is discussed, particularly as they may relate to the relationship between the V ganglion and the developing V motor population.
Re-examination of the role of the Brucella melitensis HtrA stress response protease in virulence in pregnant goats

Based on previously reported studies describing the experimental infection of pregnant goats with B. melitensis strain RWP5, we proposed that the HtrA protease plays an important role in the virulence of B. melitensis in its natural ruminant host. Subsequent studies, however, have shown that RWP5 is actually an htrA cycL double mutant. In order to definitively evaluate the role of the B. melitensis htrA in virulence, we constructed an authentic htrA mutant and examined this strain in pregnant goats. The findings of these studies indicate that the contribution of the htrA gene product to the virulence of B. melitensis in its natural host is not as great as was previously proposed.
THE PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF POSTHEMIPLEGIC ATHETOSIS

Disorders of movement after hemiplegia have been described for more than a century, but their pathological anatomy and physiology have remained poorly understood because of ambiguous terminology and incomplete studies. We examined the brains of 5 patients which had been serially sectioned where there had been well documented pure motor hemiplegia acquired in childhood. In 4 patients handicapped by hemiathetosis the main lesion was partial destruction of the caudate nucleus and putamen. In the fifth case, where non-disabling involuntary movements only appeared in later life, there was gliosis of the caudate nucleus and thalamus. Striatal lesions produce involuntary movement disorders if the corticospinal and other major motor tracts are partly intact. We propose that degeneration of the thalamic nuclei receiving striatal efferents (ventralis anterior, ventralis lateralis and centrum medianum), wheter primary or secondary, appears to remove an essential modulating influence on the corticospinal system which can only become manifest if this system is relatively preserved.
Forage yield and compositional analysis of Leucaena species and hybrids adapted to cool sites

Four species of Leucaena (L. leucocephala, L. diversifolia 2n and 4n, andL. pallida) and three interspecific hybrids KX1 (L. diversifolia × L. pallida), KX2 (L. leucocephala × L. pallida), and KX3 (L. leucocephala × L. pallida) were evaluated for forage yield on a cool upland site at the Mealani Research Station on the island of Hawaii (900 m elevation). Two-month-old seedlings were planted at a density equivalent to 40,000 trees/ha and coppiced (harvested) every six months for a two-year period. Leaf material collected from the plots was oven-dried, finely ground, and evaluated for forage components and digestibility.
Evolution of the Florida launch site architecture, enhancing launch opportunities

The impending conclusion of the Space Shuttle Program and the Constellation Program cancellation unveiled in the FY2011 President's budget created a large void for human spaceflight capability and launch activity from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). This void created an opportunity to re-architect the launch site to be more accommodating to the future NASA heavy lift and commercial space industry. To satisfy that need, the 21st Century Ground Systems Program was created, with a goal to evolve the heritage capabilities into a more affordable and flexible launch complex. This case study will discuss the KSC architecture evolution from the trade studies to select primary launch site locations for future customers, to improving infrastructure; promoting environmental remediation/compliance; improving offline processing, manufacturing, and recovery; developing range interface and control services with the US Air Force, and developing modernization efforts for integration and launch of small class to heavy class launch vehicles. The architecture studies will steer how to best invest limited modernization funding from initiatives like the 21CGSP and other programs.
The effect of blood volume expansion on gastrointestinal oxygenation in piglets.

ABSTRACT: Regional and total gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow, O2 delivery, O2 extraction, and O2 consumption were measured before and after acute blood volume expansion in 2-day-old piglets. Blood flow was measured with radionuclide-labeled microspheres. Sixty minutes after a rapid transfusion of age- and hematocrit-matched piglet donor blood, 5lCr-measured blood volume increased 19% while an increase in hematocrit suggested plasma transudation to the extravascular space had occurred in response to blood volume loading. Following transfusion, total GI blood flow and O2 delivery did not change, although O2 extraction decreased by 31 ± 4%. O2 consumption by the GI tract decreased from 2.0 ± 0.19 ml O2·min-1·100 g-1 to 1.46 ± 0.24 ml O2·min-1· 100 g-1 1 h after transfusion. Feeding was then accomplished via orogastric tube to determine if animals stressed by blood volume loading would increase GI O2 consumption in response to feeding. The postprandial increase in GI O2 consumption was similar to that previously reported in newborn piglets. Therefore, in the fasting state, acute blood volume loading disrupts GI O2 transport at the capillary level and decreases GI O2 consumption. However, animals subjected to blood volume loading appear capable of increasing GI O2 consumption after feeding.
Underutilization of oral anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention in elderly patients with heart failure

Abstract Background Oral anticoagulant therapy is the most effective prophylaxis against stroke in atrial fibrillation. Relatively few studies have examined the use of oral anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention in a large cohort of elderly patients with heart failure. To examine the use of stroke prevention therapy, we studied elderly patients with heart failure admitted to 30 hospitals in northeast Ohio between 1992 and 1994. Methods and Results The sample consisted of 12,911 Medicare-insured patients ≥65 years of age who were consecutively admitted with a principal diagnosis of heart failure between 1992 and 1994. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics for patients with the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation were calculated. Bivariate associations between receiving anticoagulant therapy and select demographic and clinical variables were calculated. In our cohort of patients with heart failure, 2093 had atrial fibrillation (16%). Only 414 (20%) of the patients with atrial fibrillation received oral anticoagulant therapy. Older age and history of gastrointestinal bleeding were significantly negatively associated with receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack was positively associated with receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. Conclusions Atrial fibrillation is common in older patients with heart failure; oral anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention, which has been shown to be effective, is underutilized in this patient population. (Am Heart J 2000;140:219-20.)
Abnormalities of the pharynx and larynx in childhood

A VARIETY of clinical presentations may lead one to suspect an abnormality of the pharynx or larynx in a child. In some children, respiratory distress or apneic spells may be the presenting problem, while in others it is stridor, hoarseness, or even dysphagia.4”6,29~35~44152~61, 93~96 Points in the clinical presentation may aid in differentiating some of these abnormalities, but more often definitive diagnosis becomes apparent only after adequate roentgen examination. In this regard, it is the lateral view of the neck, obtained in deep inspiration and with the neck fully extended, that is most helpful. Anything short of this often results in uninterpretable films or erroneous conclusions.
A study of talker sex recognition of esophageal voices.

This study investigated the ability of listeners to identify the sex of esophageal talkers on the basis of voice recordings. Recognition data are provided for 15 female and 18 male esophageal talke...
Shear-induced particle size segregation in composite powder transfer films

Abstract Transfer films have been engineered to act as solid lubricants between sliding surfaces in environments where fluids cannot exist or are not desired. Composite transfer films can be crafted to combine the low friction behavior of a powder lubricant, with another powder component that offers an alternative functionality, such as electrical conductivity or oxidation control. However, transient rises in friction often occur during sliding as shown by tribological testing of multi-component, powder lubricant transfer films both in this work and in the literature. In this work, the potential for an electrically-conductive composite film to maintain favorable tribological performance under shear is explored. The effects of the constituents' composition percentage and relative particle sizes are studied in thin, composite transfer films consisting of copper (Cu) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ). The transfer films are formed through a shearing process and tested on a pellet and slider pad-on-disk tribometer. An interesting dependence of friction performance on equating the constituents' particle sizes is observed, which may be explained by the phenomenon of shear-induced particle size segregation often witnessed in granular flows. The effect of particle size segregation on the coefficient of friction ( μ ) in composite powder films is discussed within a quasi-hydrodynamic framework. Conclusions are drawn in regards to how particle size segregation would lead to the observed frictional phenomena for both the results obtained in this study, as well as results from prior studies within the literature.
Superconducting Pulsed Synchrotron Dipole and DC Beam Transport Magnets

Pulsed dipoles for superconducting synchrotron application have been built and tested. Low cyclic loss up to a central dipole field of 23kG has been demonstrated. A large dc dipole transport element for Bevatron area use has been built and tested; the warm bore aperture is 8 in. and the design central field is 42kG. Details of this magnet and a companion quadrupole doublet follow.
A Comparison of Neural, Fuzzy, Evolutionary, and Adaptive Approaches for Carrier Landing

Abstract : This paper compares in simulation six control approaches for an automated carrier landing design problem. The key requirements of this problem are that the aircraft must remain within tight bounds on a three dimensional flight path while approaching the ship, and then touch down in a relatively small area with acceptable sink rate, angular attitudes and speed. Further, this must be accomplished with limited control authority for varying conditions of ship motion, air turbulence, radar tracking noise/data delays, and ship air wake. The control law approaches examined are: fuzzy logic, two neural network approaches, indirect adaptive and non-adaptive versions of dynamic inversion, and a hybrid approach that combines direct and indirect adaptive elements. In some of the cases, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize fixed parameters during design. The approaches were demonstrated on a 6 Degree-of-Freedom simulation with nonlinear aerodynamic and engine models, actuator models with position and rate saturations, and turbulence. Simulation results include statistics for landing with damage to both control and lifting surfaces in different environmental conditions.
Influence of high altitude clouds on upper tropospheric radiance measurements

Altitude profiles of atmospheric window radiance measured with upward-looking sensors frequently show a rapid decrease in radiance with increasing height over a narrow altitude region in the upper troposphere. This region of rapid decrease is termed a radiometric knee in the altitude profile. The top of this knee defines a radiometric tropopause with a latitudinal height dependence similar to that of the usually defined barometric tropopause. Atmospheric window (10–12-μm) radiance at these altitudes can be associated with the presence of ice particulates. Comparison of the measurements with predicted altitude profiles of atmospheric radiance from the lowtran 7 atmospheric model code shows that a well-defined knee occurs when there is a cloud layer (liquid or ice) such as a subvisual cirrus cloud present. The rate and magnitude of the radiance decrease depend on optical depth and, therefore, the water content of the layer. Atmospheric background radiance values for near horizontal (large zenith angle) viewing with upward-looking sensors can be as much as a factor of 100 lower above the knee than below it. Comparisons between calculated and observed radiance profiles were used to estimate the vertical extent, total optical depth, and water content of the clouds.
Small depth quantum circuits

Small depth quantum circuits have proved to be unexpectedly powerful in comparison to their classical counterparts. We survey some of the recent work on this and present some open problems.
A virtual clean room to teach USP 797 regulations for intravenous medications.

Objective To provide a virtual environment for pharmacy students to learn United States Pharmacopeia Chapter 797 (USP 797) requirements, while recognizing the role of pharmacists in the safe use of intravenous (IV) medications.
Analysis and Simulation of a Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Receiver using an Adaptive Prewhitening Filter

The Widrow IMS algorithm is considered for the implementation of an adaptive prewhitening filter in a direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum receiver. Using an approximation for the statistics of the output of the adaptive filter, expressions for the resulting bit-error-rate (BER) when the adaptive algorithm is used to suppress a fading tone jammer are developed, and numerical results obtained from these expressions are compared with simulation results for the DS receiver.
Rapid processing of photographic plates for routine spectrographic analysis

Since the casting of alloy iron is usually a continuous rathc.r than a hatch process, the problem of composition caontrol rcsolvc~ itself into :L c~~~trol of the drifts in the concentration of the several alloying constituc~nts in ttlc Irloltcn iron in the furnace or cupola. If the drifts are to be maintained uithin n::rro:v limits of tolerance, the analysis system used must tncet several rtquircrnc3it~ The accuracy of the analysis must, of course, be adequate; spcrifically, the, uucortainty must be substantially less thrn t,he permissible Variation irl content. In addition, it is of vital importance that the elapsed time bctwt,cn the pouring of a sample of the iron and the posting of the analysis results should bc made as brief as possible; otherwise, a control of drifts is not provided and an inspection analysis only results. Por some years, the authors have been interested in the application of the spectrograph to routine control problems in iron and steel. Papers have been published elsewhere?,3 on the development of a spectrographic method of analysis and its installation at the plant of the Campbell, Wyant and Cannon Foundry Company, Muskegon, Michigan. The procecfurc permits thr nnalysia of a sample of cast iron for chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel nrld silicon in seven minutes elapsed time, while the accl!rucy exceeds that, of the routine chemical wet methods previously used. In the analysis procedure, spectra arc recorded on a photographic plate on glass sufficiently thin to accept’without fracture the curvature imposed by the spectrograph. The plate is processed, and, sinrr efforts to measurr tlcnsities on wet plates have proved uniformly ullsatisfactory, it is dried hefurc: the rcadinps are taken. Since the processing and drying of the photographic, plate was in;tially, and still remains, the most protracted optbrution of thf;tualysis ~chcclulr, the problem of rcclucing the time required has bt2c.n given consitlrreblr~ attention. It is thought that the technique dcvrloprd may be of interest to GpCctrnscopists and to others for whom rapid plate progressing is urgc>nt. IM;lilq of t hlb pro4ure are prcscnted below \Vhile the processing of any photographic plate may he Il;l<tcllcd. it is necessary to control the er.iulsion thickness much more carc,fullv than is customary for stock plates if a uniform time schrdulc is to h<* mailltu’irletl. -411 of the
Partial grooving in vertical Bloch line memory

Partially grooved regions in magnetic garnets, used to stabilize minor-loop stripe domains in vertical Bloch line memories have been investigated using arrays of grooves in garnets with a zero-field stripe-width of 2.36 mu m and thickness of 2.26 mu m. Rectangular grooved regions were used to confine the minor loop stripes, using a groove depth of 10% and groove widths of 1.5 mu m and 2.00 mu m. Major line regions were defined by two successive 10% grooving steps. Bias field margins were measured experimentally and computed using a two-dimensional, magnetic-domain computer simulation. The computed margins were shown to be in quantitative agreement with experimentally measured bias field margins. Interpretation of the simulations and the experimental data in these samples indicates that magnetostatic effects dominate magnetostrictive effects in defining bias field stability. >
Indeterminacy from Inflation Forecast Targeting: Problem or Pseudo-Problem?

Contemporary literature on monetary policy analysis concludes that use of an interest rate policy rule that responds to expected inflation in some future period may generate indeterminacy — a multiplicity of stable rational expectations (RE) solutions. By contrast, this article argues that in these analyses only one of the solutions possesses the property of learnability, which is necessary for the plausibility of any RE solution since its absence implies that there is no way for individuals to obtain enough information to form expectations that would support the solution in question. Thus indeterminacy of the type discussed is not an actual problem for actual policymakers.
Do parallel computers really need optical interconnection networks

Several recent architectural trends appear to require some of the special properties of optical interconnection networks. The memory hierarchy will probably get deeper and the hardware will be more dynamic. Reconfigurable hardware and software are the subject of intense research. It is likely that the basic word size and the number of communication streams will be dynamically configurable. Optical interconnection networks, and in particular bit parallel free-space implementations, may provide the necessary flexibility.
Readout design and validation for a 1 mm 3 resolution clinical PET system

We designed and built a data acquisition module based on the NOVA RENA-3 ASIC that is suitable for readout of multiple detector types, including APDs, PSAPDs, CZT, CdTe, and Si. The module was designed as a repeatable component for a 1 mm3 resolution breast-dedicated PET system that employs LYSO-PSAPD detectors. The PET system is made of 2 panels, each containing 2304 PSAPDs in a 16 cm × 9 cm × 2 cm volume resulting in 9216 readout channels per panel. The high density of channels drives the requirement for a high density data acquisition module which accurately processes analog signals from the detectors that have traveled up to 63 cm in flexible cables before entering the RENA-3. The readout was tested with one data acquisition module from each panel. Each data acquisition module handles processing of 16 PSAPDs (or 8 dual LSO-PSAPD modules), whose signals are routed over paths 63 cm in length. For the test, two detectors were placed in a face-on configuration. A 22Na point source was placed in between the two modules to generate pair coincidence data. Each data acquisition module was connected to the same computer and list mode single photon data was collected. The coincidence events were energy gated to be in the 511 keV peak and corrected for per crystal time delay and signal amplitude variations in the PSAPD. Data collected from detectors connected to two data acquisition modules over the 63 cm signal path showed the calibrated system will have a paired (coincidence) photon time resolution of 7.23±0.21 ns FWHM (5.11±0.15 ns unpaired) and global energy resolution of 13.6±1.3% FWHM at 511 keV. Coincidence charge injection data to 2 data acquisition modules shows the electronics contribution to coincidence time resolution of the system with multiple modules is 1.33±0.01 ns FWHM. These measurements prove the functionality of the module as well as the feasibility of readout of PSAPD signals over long analog signal paths.
A Toolkit for Visualizing the Runtime Behavior of TinyOS Applications

TinyOS has proven to be an effective platform for developing reactive embedded network applications. However, the platform's lean programming model and power-efficient operation come at a price: TinyOS applications are notoriously difficult to construct and debug. The development difficulties stem, in large part, from a programming model founded on events and deferred execution. In short, the model introduces non-determinism in the execution ordering of primitive actions (i.e., commands, events, and tasks). The resulting set of possible execution sequences is typically large, and can swamp developers' unaided intellectual ability to reason about program behavior. In this paper, we present a platform-neutral visualization toolkit for TinyOS 2.0 to aid in program comprehension. The goal is to assist developers in reasoning about the computation forest underlying a system under test, and the particular branches chosen during each run. The toolkit design includes (i) a full-featured static analysis and instrumentation library, (ii) a selection-based probe insertion system, (iii) a lightweight event recording service, (iv) a trace extraction and reconstruction tool, and (v) two visualization front-ends. We demonstrate the utility of the toolkit using standard system examples, and present an analysis of the toolkit's resource usage and performance characteristics.
The dynamical generation of two-dimensional matter-wave discrete solitons

We suggest a method to experimentally obtain two-dimensional matter-wave discrete solitons with a self-repulsive Bose–Einstein condensate in optical lattices. At the edge of the Brillouin zone, a wavepacket effective mass is negative, which could be treated as an inversion of the nonlinearity sign. Above critical nonlinearity this makes the wavepackets collapse partially into localized modes with a chemical potential located in the gap between the first and the second bands. This critical nonlinearity is also associated with the smallest nonlinearity for which the discrete solitons are possible in the gap. Extensive numerical simulations for square and asymmetric honeycomb lattices in the continuous model illustrate every stage of the process.
Similar, Yet Diverse: A Recommender System

Social Tagging or Collaborative Tagging applications allow users to create and share lightweight metadata in the form of chosen keywords called tags to represent the created content.These tags help users to self-organize, share and find content they are interested in. Since tags are local descriptions of content provided voluntarily by users, they represent personalized information both about the user and the created content which can later be used for the creation of recommender systems. In this paper, we propose a recommender system for the Scratch online community. The proposed recommender system utilizes project tag information to determine similarities between various users and then uses these relationships to identify the optimal set of items to be recommended. Through a calculated combination of relevancy and diversity, our recommender system is aimed at leading users to explore further into the Scratch community and improving the productivity of “passive producers” by using the output of “active consumers”.
Tracheal fluid flow and function in fetuses in utero.

Abstract Tracheal fluid production was studied in 7 goat and 13 sheep intrauterine fetuses over variable lengths of time and under different degrees of fetal distress. Once the initial tracheal fluid sample was collected, fetal tracheal fluid flow appeared to be minimal. In this study, the fetal lung demonstrated neither pigment excretion nor osmoregulatory or acid-base regulatory ability. When compared with the placenta or fetal kidney, the amount of chloride excreted by the fetal lung was negligible. The present study was unable to confirm a “renal” or any other function for the fetal lung.
A novel inkjet-printed passive microfluidic RFID-based sensing platform

This work introduces a first-of-its-kind wireless passive sensing platform combining RFID, microfluidics and inkjet printing technology that enables remote fluid analysis which requires as little as 3 uL of fluid. The tag is fabricated using a novel rapid, low-cost, and low-temperature additive inkjet process making the tag disposable. However, even with its disposable nature, the tag exhibits repeatability and long-term re-usability in accurately detecting water, various alcohols, and % content of water/alcohol mixtures. The proposed platform could find a multitude of applications ranging from water quality monitoring to wearable biosensing/bioanalysis and perishable liquid storage tracking.
PyKnot: a PyMOL tool for the discovery and analysis of knots in proteins.

Summary Understanding the differences between knotted and unknotted protein structures may offer insights into how proteins fold. To characterize the type of knot in a protein, we have developed PyKnot, a plugin that works seamlessly within the PyMOL molecular viewer and gives quick results including the knot's invariants, crossing numbers and simplified knot projections and backbones. PyKnot may be useful to researchers interested in classifying knots in macromolecules and provides tools for students of biology and chemistry with which to learn topology and macromolecular visualization. Availability PyMOL is available at http://www.pymol.org. The PyKnot module and tutorial videos are available at http://youtu.be/p95aif6xqcM. Contact rhonald.lua@gmail.com.
Synthesis of square-planar aluminum(III) complexes.

The synthesis of two four-coordinate and square planar (SP) complexes of aluminum(III) is presented. Reaction of a phenyl-substituted bis(imino)pyridine ligand that is reduced by two electrons, Na2(PhI2P2−), with AlCl3 afforded five-coordinate [(PhI2P2−)Al(THF)Cl] (1). Square-planar [(PhI2P2−)AlCl] (2) was obtained by performing the same reaction in diethyl ether followed by lyphilization of 2 from benzene. The four-coordinate geometry index for 2, τ4, is 0.22, where 0 would be a perfectly square-planar molecule. The analogous aluminum hydride complex, [(PhI2P2−)AlH] (3), is also square-planar, and was characterized crystallographically and has τ4=0.13. Both 2 and 3 are Lewis acidic and bind 2,6-lutidine.
IrDA-VFIr (16 Mb/s): modulation code and system design

Devices for convenient information exchange over the wireless infrared channel are commonly found in many of today's mobile platforms for computing, communicating, and imaging. Most devices comply with the international standards promoted by the Infrared Data Association for data rates of up to 4 Mb/s. With the approval of a 16 Mb/s data rate option called Very Fast Infrared, IrDA's point-to-point usage model is extendable to applications requiring wireless connectivity beyond 4 Mb/s. We describe the design and the properties of a new modulation code specifically developed for VFIr, and discuss related system design aspects. After defining basic system requirements and modulation constraints imposed by the WIrC, we introduce a rate-2/3 run-length-limited code designed to meet these criteria. The Boolean expressions for encoding and decoding are given, and their implementation is discussed together with various aspects of system design such as scrambling, invalid sequence detection, and error propagation. Furthermore, it is shown that the specific composite nature of the new RLL modulation code enables simple and efficient generation of VFIr packet frames by encoding an equivalent packet frame assembled entirely in the code's input data domain.
The ubiquitin ligase XBAT32 regulates lateral root development in Arabidopsis

*† ‡ § Summary Ubiquitin-mediated protein modification plays a key role in many cellular signal transduction pathways. The Arabidopsis gene XBAT32 encodes a protein containing an ankyrin repeat domain at the N-terminal half and a RING finger motif. The XBAT32 protein is capable of ubiquitinating itself. Mutation in XBAT32 causes a number of phenotypes including severe defects in lateral root production and in the expression of the cell division marker CYCB1;1::GUS. The XBAT32 gene is expressed abundantly in the vascular system of the primary root, but not in newly formed lateral root primordia. Treatment with auxin increases the expression of XBAT32 in the primary root and partially rescues the lateral root defect in xbat32-1 mutant plants. Thus, XBAT32 is a novel ubiquitin ligase required for lateral root initiation.
Does communication training make a difference?: Evidence for the effectiveness of a presentation skills program

Abstract This paper reports an evaluation of presentation skills training for participants from manufacturing, service, production, and research organizations using a repeated‐measures quasi‐experimental comparison‐group design. In addition to posttest assessments of participants’ reactions and learning, participants’ self reports of sixteen behavioral skills were assessed across three time periods. Similar analyses were employed to test for co‐workers’ ratings of program participants’ long‐term improvement. Statistical analyses of participants’ responses (controlling for the number of comparisons) revealed positive reactions to the training, improvement in learning, as well as short‐term behavioral change in eight of the sixteen skills taught. Long‐term change was found in seven of the dependent measures. On‐the‐job change was found in three skills. Taken together, improvement was found in all but two of the skills areas in the training. Analyses of co‐workers’ ratings of participants’ skills also reveal...
Implementation of a simulation-based control architecture for supply chain interactions

Techniques based on discrete-event simulation have been widely used for network analysis and policy optimization in the domain of supply chain management. Previous researchers have developed and implemented architectures for simulation-based control for shop floor. A more detailed and high-fidelity simulation model is used for control purposes as opposed to that used for analytical purposes alone. This paper discusses the issues related to implementing a simulation based control architecture for actively controlling supply chain interactions.
Performance analysis of coded systems over block fading channels

This paper considers the performance analysis of binary coded systems over block fading (BF) channels. In the transmitter, the coded bits are interleaved prior to transmission to spread burst errors resulting from deeply faded blocks. The union bound on the bit error probability (BEP) is derived assuming uniform interleaving and using the weight enumerator of the code. The union bound is a function of the pairwise error probability (PEP). Hence, the PEP is derived for coherent detection with different assumptions on the availability of the channel side information (SI) at the receiver. The proposed bound is evaluated for convolutional and turbo codes. For the case of imperfect SI, the tradeoff between channel estimation and the code's diversity is investigated. Results show that the bound provides insight into the gain loss due to channel memory.