cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Menarche: The black American experience

There is an increasing awareness that attitudes learned during socialization into a cultural/ethnic group may influence one's perception of and response to menarche. To date, studies have primarily involved white Americans. There is a lack of information regarding the experience of menarche among diverse ethnic groups. Our study of a sample of black American girls (mean age 13.5 years) revealed that the proportion of blacks who felt they were not prepared for menarche was almost twice that of whites. A comparison of the black adolescents' assessment of their level of preparedness suggests that the less prepared they perceive themselves to have been, the more negative feelings they express toward menarche--which is comparable to the findings among white Americans. The black and white adolescents alike attributed the most positive feelings about menarche to their mothers, compared with their own and their fathers' emotional response.
Generalized van der Waerden numbers

Certain generalizations of arithmetic progressions are used to define numbers analogous to the van der Waerden numbers. Several exact values of the new numbers are given, and upper bounds for these numbers are obtained. In addition, a comparison is made between the number of different arithmetic progressions and the number of different generalized arithmetic progressions.
Superconducting phase diagram of UPt3

Abstract We present ultrasonic velocity data for the heavy fermion superconductor UPt 3 . UPt 3 is a strong candidate for unconventional superconductivity. Conclusive evidence for this comes from the observation of multiple superconducting phases. Earlier measurements of the phase diagram relied on a variety of different measurements on different samples. The phase boundaries obtained agreed qualitatively, but the important region near the H c 2 curve remained an open question. Our velocity measurements present the first complete phase diagram of UPt 3 based on a single measurement on a single sample. The sharp velocity signatures allow us to trace these signatures to within the width of the normal-superconducting transition. Our results indicate that there is a tetracritical point on the H c 2 curve.
Facial transplantation: the first 9 years

Since the first facial transplantation in 2005, 28 have been done worldwide with encouraging immunological, functional, psychological, and aesthetic outcomes. Unlike solid organ transplantation, which is potentially life-saving, facial transplantation is life-changing. This difference has generated ethical concerns about the exposure of otherwise young and healthy individuals to the sequelae of lifelong, high-dose, multidrug immunosuppression. Nevertheless, advances in immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive protocols, microsurgical techniques, and computer-aided surgical planning have enabled broader clinical application of this procedure to patients. Although episodes of acute skin rejection continue to pose a serious threat to face transplant recipients, all cases have been controlled with conventional immunosuppressive regimens, and no cases of chronic rejection have been reported.
A Synthesis of Antarctic Temperatures

Abstract Monthly surface air temperatures from land surface stations, automatic weather stations, and ship/buoy observations from the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere are synthesized into gridded analyses at a resolution appropriate for applications ranging from spatial trend analyses to climate change impact assessments. Correlation length scales are used to enhance information content while limiting the spatial extent of influence of the sparse data in the Antarctic region. The correlation length scales are generally largest in summer and over the Antarctic continent, while they are shortest over the winter sea ice. Gridded analyses of temperature anomalies, limited to regions within a correlation length scale of at least one observation, are constructed and validated against observed temperature anomalies in single-station-out experiments. Trends calculated for the 1958–2002 period suggest modest warming over much of the 60°–90°S domain. All seasons show warming, with winter trends being the largest a...
Design of a portable fluorometer capable of time-resolved luminescence measurements

A rugged, filter-based fluorometer capable of time-resolved luminescence (TRL) measurements was designed, prototyped and tested for field applications. The instrument operation and data processing were controlled by a laptop computer running a custom LabVIEW program. A xenon flashlamp was used as the light source and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) as the photodetector. A gating technique was implemented to effectively overcome PMT saturation by intense xenon lamp flash so signal integrity was maintained even at very high gains, leading to improved sensitivity and reproducibility. The instrument was tested by TRL using tetracycline as a model analyte; and the signal was digitized at a 2-μs time resolution and a 12-bit amplitude resolution. Its performance was similar to or slightly better than that of a commercial fluorescence spectrophotometer. A 0-300 ppb linear dynamic range (r2 = 0.9996) and a 0.025-ppb limit of detection (LOD) were achieved with a ≤5% relative standard deviation.
Foam formation from fluorinated polyphosphazenes by liquid CO2 processing

Three dimensional foams of fluorinated polyphosphazenes were prepared using liquid CO2 to solvate polymer films, which were then expanded by volatilization of liquid CO2 within the polymer matrix. The polymers dissolved in CO2 at 1.5 × 107 Pa (2200 psi) and room temperature. Materials were examined using Raman spectroscopy before and during high pressure CO2 exposure. The solubility in liquid CO2 is attributed to interactions between the solvent and the fluorine atoms in the polymer side groups. Fluoroalkoxy polyphosphazenes are known for their hydrophobicity and fire retardant properties, and these characteristics are retained in the foams. Scanning electron microscopy, water swelling, and preliminary fire retardance tests were conducted to determine the morphology and properties of the foams. These materials are possible candidates for a number of different engineering applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Technology, Skills, and Health Care Labor Markets

I examine the role of technological change in health care labor markets. One of the biggest issues in the U.S. economy over the recent past has been rapidly rising health care costs. Conventional wisdom holds the main factor driving these costs increases has been technological change. These changes in technology have lead to a direct transformation in the delivery of health care and have also lead to indirect transformations through the reshaping of the private and public insurance industry. My findings are consistent with the idea that technological change has resulted in an increase in demand for higher skilled workers in the industry, while being labor-saving among low-skill workers. The earnings of RNs and health therapists rose rapidly over the 1983 to 1993 period, declined between 1993 and 1996, but then began to rise again after 1996. It is generally believed that managed care has had a one-time cost reducing effect in the industry by eliminating some of the inefficiencies associated with fee-for-service health insurance (Newhouse, 1992). The results here suggest a similar finding in the labor market.
A cylindrical shell with a stress-free end which contains an axial part-through or through crack

The interaction problem of a through or a part through crack with a stress free boundary in a semi-infinite cylindrical shell is considered. It is assumed that the crack lies in a meridional plane which is a plane of symmetry with respect to the external loads as well as the geometry. The circular boundary of the semi-infinite cylinder is assumed to be stress free. By using a transverse shear theory the problem is formulated in terms of a system of singular integral equations. The line spring model is used to treat the part through crack problem. In the case of a through crack the interaction between the perturbed stress fields due to the crack and the free boundary is quite strong and there is a considerable increase in the stress intensity factors caused by the interaction. On the other hand in the problem of a surface crack the interaction appears to be much weaker and consequently the magnification in the stress intensity factors is much less significant.
Anthracene monomer-dimer photochemistry: High density 3D optical storage memory

Ultrafast spectra and kinetics of all spectroscopic states and intermediate species in the photodimerization process of substituted anthracenes have been identified and measured by means of ultrafast spectroscopy. The two forms of this process, monomer and dimer, have been used to construct a 3D optical storage memory device capable of 1013 bits/cm3 density and very large bandwidth. Storage and accessing 3D information is based on non-linear absorption and the different structures of the monomer and dimer. This rather novel 3D memory device and its operation is described in detail.
Statistical models of fragmentation processes

Abstract A model with minimal correlations among nucleon momenta agrees well with refined data on fragment momentum distributions resulting from peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. The postulates are identical to those of Feshbach and Huang, but are applied to compute a quantity more relevant to expeeriment: the dependence of the momentum distribution on fragment mass.
Developmental Resistance in Fourth Instar Trichoplusia ni Orally Inoculated with Autographa californica M Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

Abstract Larvae of lepidopteran insects commonly become increasingly resistant to baculovirus infections as they age. The mechanism responsible for this developmental resistance is not known, but the phenomenon does not occur if the viral inoculum is administered intrahemacoelically instead of orally, which is the natural route of infection. This observation indicates that the factors mediating developmental resistance are operative during infection of the primacy target tissue, the larval midgut, and not during subsequent systemic infection. To learn more about the mechanism of developmental resistance, we orally inoculated four cohorts of fourth instar Trichoplusia ni larvae with a recombinant of Autographa californica M nuclear polyhedrosis virus expressing a reporter gene. While these cohorts differed only by a few hours in age, we found increasing resistance to infection in successively older cohorts. By assessing the presence and location of infected cells at intervals during the first 48 hr after inoculation, we identified two key factors relevant to the resistance pattern among the developmental cohorts. These factors were: (i) an age-dependent rate of establishing and/or sloughing infected midgut cells and (ii) the ability of fourth instar T. ni to completely clear infection of the midgut epithelium by ecdysis to the fifth instar.
From Dirty South to potty mouth: Cee Lo Green's black camp freedom project, or, the profaning of an utterly profane form

This essay interprets the impact of Cee Lo Green's viral promo video for his hit song “Fuck You” in light of his camp-inspired politics of hypervisibility and his reaction to the censoring and branding mechanisms of conventional media. Cee Lo's evolving, career-long project – from his involvement in the original “Dirty South” rap scene, to his eclectic collaborations, soulful solo ventures outside of rap, and, most recently, to an explicit embrace of queer camp – specifically targets the patriarchal, heterosexist, and ableist scripts of black video music by bringing viewers' rapt attention to the way in which his aberrant body does not fit the “brand.” Yet Cee Lo engages in the bodily pleasures of sensuality, expressive movement, and the art of adornment typically reserved in the music industry's post-MTV soul genre for the mesomorphic. Without ever publicly abandoning his kinship ties to hip hop, Cee Lo's freedom project is marked by outrageous disidentifications with hip hop's thuggish masculinity and s...
Comparison of feature tracking and harmonic phase imaging for strain measurement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pediatric cancer survivors.

Background Pediatric cancer survivors after anthracycline therapy are at risk for left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Strain may be a more sensitive marker than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Feature tracking (FT) is a promising technique for strain measurement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images, but has limited validation vs. the gold standard of harmonic phase (HARP) imaging analysis. This study aimed to compare strain by FT and HARP on CMR images in pediatric cancer survivors.
Biomarker Panels in Ischemic Stroke

Biomarkers have been sought to improve the diagnosis of stroke and determine the cause of stroke. In acute settings distinguishing ischemic stroke from other neurological diseases can be challenging, particularly when symptoms are mild. Determining the cause of stroke can also be challenging and frequently remains unclear or even unknown based on current diagnostic investigations and classification features. Correct diagnosis of ischemic stroke and its causes is essential to optimally treat and prevent stroke. Just as neuroimaging, cardiac evaluation and arterial imaging are used in the diagnosis of stroke and determining its causes, molecular features in the form of proteins, RNA, metabolites, lipids, and other biomarkers may also have utility. Biomarkers are currently used in stroke. In the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association stroke prevention guidelines, class Ia and IIb recommendations are made on the use of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c).1 Likewise, in the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cardiovascular disease risk assessment guidelines, class IIa and IIb recommendations are made for HgA1c, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and urinary albumin excretion.2,3 Other biomarkers have been well studied in stroke including natriuretic peptides, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100b, neuron-specific enolase, myelin basic protein, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, D-dimer, and fibrinogen.4,5 Despite considerable effort, a troponin-like biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of stroke has remained elusive. The reasons for this may relate in part to the fact that stroke is a heterogeneous disease with variability in infarct size, location, and cause. The blood–brain barrier has also been suggested to impede release of markers specific to brain injury (eg, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100b). In addition, many biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke are not disease specific and have been associated with other acute brain injuries including intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid …
Objeções materialistas contra o dualismo cartesiano

Discutiremos cinco objecoes basicas que os materialistas geralmente levantam contra o dualismo mente-corpo cartesiano: (1) Ele nao e empiricamente testavel ou confirmavel; (2) E em principio testavel e confirmavel, mas nao confirmado; (3) E testavel e confirmavel, mas foi provado falso; (4) E desnecessario para explicar qualquer coisa; e (5) Nao pode servir para explicar coisa alguma. Mostraremos como todas essas objecoes sao insatisfatorias. Se eu estiver certo em minha argumentacao, a postura reducionista do materialismo contemporâneo contra a existencia de substâncias cartesianas imateriais como agentes causais para a explicacao do comportamento humano e demonstravelmente um dogma mais do que qualquer outra coisa. Ademais, a promessa do materialismo reducionista de explicar a personalidade humana, a consciencia e o comportamento tampouco pode ser jamais realizada.
Integrating leader affect, leader work-family spillover, and leadership

– Despite the abundance of dispositional affect, work-family, and leadership research, little has been done to integrate these literatures. Based primarily on conservation of resources theory, which suggests individuals seek to acquire and maintain resources to reduce stress, the purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical examination of the relationships between leader dispositional affect, leader work-family spillover, and leadership. , – Survey data were collected from a diverse sample of managers from a broad set of occupational groups (e.g. financial, government, library). Regression and Monte Carlo procedures were used to estimate model direct and indirect effects. , – The results indicate that dispositional affect is a strong predictor of both work-family spillover and leadership. Further, the relationship between negative/positive affect and leadership was partially mediated by work-family conflict/enrichment. , – Data were cross-sectional self-report, which does not allow for causal interpretations and may increase the risk of common method bias. , – This study helps address why leaders experience both stress and benefits from multiple work and family demands, as well as why leaders engage in particular forms of leadership, such as passive and active leadership behaviors. , – This study provides the first empirical examination of leader's dispositional affect, work-family spillover, and leadership, and suggests that manager's dispositional affect and work-family spillover have meaningful relationships with leader behavior across situations.
Image processing applications of optical neural networks

In this paper we explore the use of 3D disks for the construction of networks with extremely large storage capacity. 3D disks can store up to 1012 weights per disk. In this paper we discuss how 3D disks are used to implement an optical neural network and then derive the capacity and speed of the resulting architecture.
The H2 Receptor Antagonist Nizatidine is a P-Glycoprotein Substrate: Characterization of its Intestinal Epithelial Cell Efflux Transport

The aim of this study was to elucidate the intestinal epithelial cell efflux transport processes that are involved in the intestinal transport of the H(2) receptor antagonist nizatidine. The intestinal epithelial efflux transport mechanisms of nizatidine were investigated and characterized across Caco-2 cell monolayers, in the concentration range 0.05-10 mM in both apical-basolateral (AP-BL) and BL-AP directions, and the transport constants of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity were calculated. The concentration-dependent effects of various P-gp (verapamil, quinidine, erythromycin, ketoconazole, and cyclosporine A), multidrug resistant-associated protein 2 (MRP2; MK-571, probenecid, indomethacin, and p-aminohipuric acid), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; Fumitremorgin C) inhibitors on nizatidine bidirectional transport were examined. Nizatidine exhibited 7.7-fold higher BL-AP than AP-BL Caco-2 permeability, indicative of net mucosal secretion. All P-gp inhibitors investigated displayed concentration-dependent inhibition on nizatidine secretion in both directions. The IC(50) of verapamil on nizatidine P-gp secretion was 1.2 x 10(-2) mM. In the absence of inhibitors, nizatidine displayed concentration-dependent secretion, with one saturable (J(max) = 5.7 x 10(-3) nmol cm(-2) s(-1) and K(m) = 2.2 mM) and one nonsaturable component (K(d) = 7 x 10(-4) microL cm(-2) s(-1)). Under complete P-gp inhibition, nizatidine exhibited linear secretory flux, with a slope similar to the nonsaturable component. V(max) and K(m) estimated for nizatidine P-gp-mediated secretion were 4 x 10(-3) nmol cm(-2) s(-1) and 1.2 mM, respectively. No effect was obtained with the MRP2 or the BCRP inhibitors. Being a drug commonly used in pediatrics, adults, and elderly, nizatidine susceptibility to efflux transport by P-gp revealed in this paper may be of significance in its absorption, distribution, and clearance, as well as possible drug-drug interactions.
Stochastic Fluctuations in a Babcock-Leighton Model of the Solar Cycle

We investigate the eUect of stochastic —uctuations on a —ux transport model of the solar cycle based on the Babcock-Leighton mechanism. Speci—cally, we make use of our recent —ux transport model (Dikpati & Charbonneau) to investigate the consequences of introducing large-amplitude stochastic —uc- tuations in either or both the meridional —ow and poloidal source term in the model. Solar cyclelike oscillatory behavior persists even for —uctuation amplitudes as high as 300%, thus demonstrating the inherent robustness of this class of solar cycle models. We also —nd that high-amplitude —uctuations lead to a spread of cycle amplitude and duration showing a statistically signi—cant anticorrelation, compara- ble to that observed in sunspot data. This is a feature of the solar cycle that is notoriously difficult to reproduce with dynamo models based on mean —eld electrodynamics and relying only on nonlinearities associated with the back-reaction of the Lorentz force to produce amplitude modulation. Another note- worthy aspect of our —ux transport model is the fact that meridional circulation in the convective envelope acts as a ii clock ˇˇ regulating the tempo of the solar cycle; shorter-than-average cycles are typi- cally soon followed by longer-than-average cycles. In other words, the oscillation exhibits good phase locking, a property that also characterizes the solar activity cycle. This shows up quite clearly in our model, but we argue that it is in fact a generic property of —ux transport models based on the Babcock- Leighton mechanism, and relies on meridional circulation as the primary magnetic —eld transport agent. Subject headings: Sun: activitySun: interiorSun: magnetic —elds
Wild radish–amended soil effects on yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) interference with tomato and bell pepper

Abstract Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of wild radish–amended soil on tomato, bell pepper, and yellow nutsedge growth. In addition, yellow nutsedge interference with tomato and bell pepper was evaluated with and without the wild radish amendment. Leaf margins of tomato and bell pepper plants were necrotic for approximately 2 wk after transplanting into soil amended with 1% (wt/wt) wild radish biomass. Injury to both crops was transient, but bell pepper biomass through 9 wk after transplanting was negatively affected, whereas tomato was not. In a replacement series study, tomato was more competitive than yellow nutsedge in nonamended soil and the competitiveness of tomato further increased at the expense of reduced yellow nutsedge growth in wild radish–amended soil. Bell pepper was less competitive than yellow nutsedge in nonamended soil, but in wild radish–amended soil, bell pepper held a competitive advantage over yellow nutsedge. In addition, yellow nutsedge tuber productio...
THE AETIOLOGY OF ACUTE CERVICAL ADENITIS IN CHILDREN: SEROLOGICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES

ACUTE cervical adenitis in children continues to be a common problem in paediatric medicine. The bacteria most commonly implicated have been group-A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. There is, however, some uncertainty in deciding which of these organisms is the primary pathogen causing cervical adenitis (Dajani, Garcia and Wolinsky, 1963; Scobie, 1969; Brook and Winter, 1971; Barton and Feigin, 1974; Wald and Sivasubra-manian, 1976). Previous studies have demonstrated that the majority of staphylococci isolated in this illness are resistant to penicillin, although penicillin continues to be the drug of choice for group-A streptococcal infections (Breese, 1953; Goodman and Gilman, 1958; Stillerman et al., 1960; Breese, Disney and Talpey, 1965). This study was undertaken to determine the aetiology of acute cervical adenitis in children because successful antibiotic therapy depends on knowledge of the specific susceptibility of the organisms involved.
Patient and caregiver perceptions of cancer pain control.

objectives: This study measured the perceptions of cancer patients and caregivers in Utah concerning knowledge about and adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain control. materials and methods: A descriptive survey was sent to a stratified random sample of adult cancer patients obtained from the Utah Tumor Registry. Questionnaires asked cancer patients and caregivers about their knowledge of pain control and about perceptions of the adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain management. results: The study had a 52% response rate (259 of 500) after two mailings. Eighty-five percent (219 of 259) of the respondents stated that they had no cancer pain. With the first mailing, a “no pain” response was not offered as an option. When the researchers realized that this might be a possible response, a second mailing was sent, which may be the reason for the high response rate. conclusions: Cancer literature indicates that much cancer pain is not effectively controlled. The majority of the respondents of this study reported no pain. Because this result is different than that reported in the literature, it may indicate that education of healthcare providers, patients, and families can improve cancer pain management and control. It may also indicate an inability of the study to obtain data from those patients having cancer pain. This study should be repeated with a focused population of advanced stage cancer patients with types of cancer typically producing high levels of cancer pain.
Contributions of Lattice Oxygen in Methane Combustion over PdO-Based Catalysts

Abstract Zirconia-supported Pd16O and bulk Pd16O were used as methane combustion catalysts for a reaction mixture containing 1% methane and 4% 18O2 in helium. The methane oxidation reaction was performed in pulsed experiments and the distribution of oxygen isotopes among the reaction products was monitored. The 18O content of the catalyst following labeled reaction mixture pulses was determined by catalyst reduction with either diluted hydrogen or diluted methane pulses. The first reaction pulse at each temperature resulted in both CO2 and water containing primarily 16O. As the 18O2 uptake from the gas phase increased, however, the 18O distribution in water and carbon dioxide changed differently. The isotopic composition of water molecules reflected the oxygen isotopic distribution in the bulk of the catalyst particles, as determined by reduction titration experiments carried out after the reaction sequences. The larger concentration of 18O in the carbon dioxide is explained by the differences in residence time and mobility of the products water and CO2 on the catalyst. The hydrogen/water samples the bulk, while the CO2 reflects the isotopic composition of the surface. The behavior of the zirconia-supported catalyst was similar to that of the bulk PdO at the lowest temperature; however, as the temperature was increased above 600 K, oxygen exchange with the support became important. The catalyst behavior is explained by the presence of a single oxygen species at the catalyst surface: a bridge-bound oxygen to two palladium atoms. The surface is involved in the methane reaction mechanism by successive reduction/reoxidation cycles. Reoxidation uses both bulk and gas phase oxygen, and also oxygen from the support in the case of the zirconia-supported catalyst. Under these conditions the gas phase oxygen exchange with the catalyst is limited by the methane oxidation surface reaction.
Some New Bounds on the Generalization Error of Combined Classifiers

In this paper we develop the method of bounding the generalization error of a classifier in terms of its margin distribution which was introduced in the recent papers of Bartlett and Schapire, Freund, Bartlett and Lee. The theory of Gaussian and empirical processes allow us to prove the margin type inequalities for the most general functional classes, the complexity of the class being measured via the so called Gaussian complexity functions. As a simple application of our results, we obtain the bounds of Schapire, Freund, Bartlett and Lee for the generalization error of boosting. We also substantially improve the results of Bartlett on bounding the generalization error of neural networks in terms of l1-norms of the weights of neurons. Furthermore, under additional assumptions on the complexity of the class of hypotheses we provide some tighter bounds, which in the case of boosting improve the results of Schapire, Freund, Bartlett and Lee.
The Decay of Heavy Flavor States in e+e− Annihilations

I would like to review the recent results from e+e− experiments on the weak decays of particles containing charm or beauty. I will begin with a brief description of the various existing models.
The screened Rutherford pencil beam problem with heterogeneities

We consider the energy-dependent pencil beam problem for a thin slab with screened Rutherford scattering. Under certain approximations, this problem can be reduced to a monoenergetic problem with an effective depth-dependent scattering cross section σ s (z). The z dependence of this cross section arises from the explicit z dependence of the true scattering cross section σ s (z, E), as well as from an induced z dependence associated with the energy dependence of σ s (z, E). Prior work led to a quadrature result for the scalar flux in the special case that σ s is a constant, independent of z. In this paper, we generalize this result by allowing σ s (z) to have an arbitrary z dependence. We use these considerations to show that simple homogenization, namely, replacing σ s (z) by its average over the slab, can lead to significant errors in the scalar flux. A more detailed homogenization algorithm is suggested, involving an effective screening parameter in the screened Rutherford scattering phase function, as well as an effective depth coordinate z.
Genome-wide analysis of phenobarbital-inducible genes in Drosophila melanogaster

AbstractAn oligoarray analysis was conducted to determine thedifferential expression of genes due to phenobarbitalexposure in Drosophila melanogaster ( w 1118 strain)third instar larvae. Seventeen genes were observed tobe induced with increased expression by a statisticalanalysis of microarrays approach with a q ≤ 0.05. At q ≤ 0.12, four more genes ( Cyp12d1, DmGstd4 , and twogenes with unknown function) were found to be up-regulated, and 11 genes with unknown function werefound to be down-regulated. Fifteen of these genes, Cyp4d14, Cyp6a2 , Cyp6a8 , Cyp12d1 , Cyp6d5 , Cyp6w1 ,CG2065, DmGstd6, DmGstd7 , Amy-p/Amy-d, Ugt86Dd ,GC5724, Jheh1, Jheh2 and CG11893, were veriﬁed usingquantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Someof these genes have been shown to be over-transcribedin metabolically DDT-resistant Drosophila strains.Keywords: P450, GST, carbohydrate metabolism,oxido-reductase.Introduction Phenobarbital (PB) treatment has a variety of effects onmammals: (1) reduces frequency of epileptic seizures(Baumann, 2001; Hernandez
Minimization of patient misidentification through proximity-based medical record retrieval

Patient misidentification in point-of-care environments can cause serious errors in medication dispersal, blood transfusions, and procedures, leading to patient injury or death. Pre- and post-operative care locations are especially susceptible to these types of errors due to the high volume of patients, as well as the short turnaround time. Proximity-based, on-demand pairing of patients to records may potentially save time for physicians and nurses, as well as reduce the incidence of error in medication and procedure administration. A cost-effective system has been developed that wirelessly pairs patients with their medical records, and allows confirmation through visual feedback. Patients wear an embedded device that electronically stores critical information such as hospital ID, blood type, and allergies. Base stations, or nearby computers, provide on-demand color-coded lists of patients within a limited range, allowing point-of-care providers quick and accurate access to patient information.
Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Threat: Is There a New Criminal Threat on State Sentencing?

Objectives:The racial threat perspective argues that racial minorities are subjected to greater punishment in places with large or growing minority populations. However, prior research has focused largely on Black populations while devoting limited attention to potential “Latino threat” or “immigrant threat” effects. To address these gaps, this study explores the effects of racial, ethnic, and immigrant threat on sentence disposition (jail, prison, or community corrections) and sentence length.Methods:Using 2000 through 2006 data from the Florida Department of Corrections Guideline database, we use multilevel modeling techniques to explore the effects of racial, ethnic, and immigrant threat on state criminal sentencing.Results:The results provide support for racial/ethnic threat theory among Black but not Latino defendants. Black defendants are more likely to be sentenced to prison and are given longer sentences in counties with growing Black populations. In contrast, Latino sentences are not significantl...
Physically consistent transmission line models for high-speed interconnects in lossy dielectrics

The development of a physically consistent multiconductor transmission line model for high-speed interconnects in lossy, dispersive dielectrics is presented. Based on this model, a methodology is presented which constructs SPICE-compatible equivalent circuits that take into account dielectric loss and dispersion. Simulations using wideband measurement data of alumina demonstrate the effect of the Debye based permittivity model.
The Urban Transformation of the Developing World

Sometime in the next 20 to 30 years, developing countries in Asia and Africa are likely to cross a historic threshold, joining Latin America in having a majority of urban residents. The urban demographic transformation is described here, with an emphasis on estimates and forecasts of urban population aggregates. To provide policy-makers with useful scientific guidance in the upcoming urban era, demographic researchers will need to refine their data sets to include spatial factors as well as urban vital rates and to make improvements to forecasting methods currently in use.
The effect of socioeconomic factors on the adoption of best management practices in beef cattle production

ABSTRACT: Factors affecting cattle producers9 adoption of best management practices (BMPs) are examined using probit analyses. Results show that in situations such as when the farm includes more enterprises, the farmer has had contact with Natural Resources Conservation Service personnel at least once within the past year, the farmer holds a college bachelor9s degree, the percentage of income from beef cattle production is higher, or the operation includes hilly land, the likelihood of BMP adoption is greater. Having a greater number of other agricultural enterprises and having a greater percentage of income from the cattle operation were significant factors in the adoption of companion practices. Results of this study suggest changes in formulating future environmental policies associated with pasture-based beef cattle production.
SimNest: Social Media Nested Epidemic Simulation via Online Semi-Supervised Deep Learning

Infectious disease epidemics such as influenza and Ebola pose a serious threat to global public health. It is crucial to characterize the disease and the evolution of the ongoing epidemic efficiently and accurately. Computational epidemiology can model the disease progress and underlying contact network, but suffers from the lack of real-time and fine-grained surveillance data. Social media, on the other hand, provides timely and detailed disease surveillance, but is insensible to the underlying contact network and disease model. This paper proposes a novel semi-supervised deep learning framework that integrates the strengths of computational epidemiology and social media mining techniques. Specifically, this framework learns the social media users' health states and intervention actions in real time, which are regularized by the underlying disease model and contact network. Conversely, the learned knowledge from social media can be fed into computational epidemic model to improve the efficiency and accuracy of disease diffusion modeling. We propose an online optimization algorithm to substantialize the above interactive learning process iteratively to achieve a consistent stage of the integration. The extensive experimental results demonstrated that our approach can effectively characterize the spatiotemporal disease diffusion, outperforming competing methods by a substantial margin on multiple metrics.
Engaging death: Narrative and constructed dialogue in Advance Care Planning discussions.

Advance Care Planning (ACP) remains extremely low in the US, due to numerous institutional and cultural barriers and discomfort in discussing death. There is a need for guidance about how patient and healthcare providers can effectively engage in ACP discussion. Here we analyze the linguistic strategies that focus-group participants use when discussing ACP in detailed ways. Prevalent linguistic structures in effective ACP discussions were loved ones’ end-of-life narratives, hypothetical narratives, and constructed dialogue. In elucidating spontaneous, unprompted approaches to effective discussion of end-of-life issues, such research can help to dislodge communicative barriers to ACP so that more people are prepared to engage the process.
Rapid high mass resolution mass spectrometry using matrix-assisted ionization

Matrix-assisted ionization (MAI) is demonstrated to be a robust and sensitive analytical method capable of analyzing proteins such as cholera toxin B-subunit and pertussis toxin mutant from conditions containing relatively high amounts of inorganic salts, buffers, and preservatives without the need for prior sample clean-up or concentration. By circumventing some of the sample preparation steps, MAI simplifies and accelerates the analytical workflow for biological samples in complex media. The benefits of multiply charged ions characteristic of electrospray ionization (ESI) and the robustness of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) can be obtained from a single method, making it well suited for analysis of proteins and other biomolecules at ultra-high resolution as demonstrated on an Orbitrap Fusion where protein subunits were resolved for which MALDI-time-of-flight failed. MAI results are compared with those obtained with ESI, MALDI, and laserspray ionization methods and fundamental commonalities discussed.
A Novel Approach to Diffusion Weighted Imaging Analysis in Newly Diagnosed GBM

better understanding of the pathways involved in chordomas radioresistance should give rise to new-targeted therapies. Author Disclosure: H. Mammar: None. M. Polivka: None. Y. Belkacemi: None. G. Lot: None. S. Froelich: None. A. Carpentier: None. S. Clemenceau: None. S. Gaillard: None. P. Paquis: None. I. BirtwislePeyrottes: None. F. Burel-Vandenbos: None. K. Mokhtari: None. K. Kerrou: None. J. Talbot: None. R. Dendale: None. P. Bondiau: None. J. Pouyssegur: None. N. Mazure: None.
Telling global stories, one at a time: the politics and poetics of exhibiting Asian art

Compared with other ‘peripheral' art, exhibitions of Asian art in the United States remain depoliticized and unscrutinized. This essay examines recent exhibitions against the long trajectory of collecting, classifying and displaying Asian art in the US, and argues that, despite their efforts to venture beyond conventional museology, art institutions today still tend to prioritize poetics over politics, ‘tradition' over modernity, homogeneity over heterogeneity. Such lingering Orientalism can be attributed to reasons ranging from logistical difficulties to conflicted interests, but above all to a lack of historicity: the intentional or habitual shunning of contextual complexities, the inclusion of which may deprive the artworks – and their hosts – of their pretense to neutrality, transcendence and aura. The critical approaches taken by contemporary Asian American artists and curators, on the other hand, are also fraught with contradictions and ambivalence, but they point to more historicized, nuanced and i...
Enhancement of superconducting Tc (33 K) by entrapment of FeSe in carbon coated Au-Pd17Se15 nanoparticles.

FeSe has been an interesting member of the Fe-based superconductor family ever since the discovery of superconductivity in this simple binary chalcogenide. Simplicity of composition and ease of synthesis has made FeSe, in particular, very lucrative as a test system to understand the unconventional nature of superconductivity, especially in low-dimensional models. In this article we report the synthesis of composite nanoparticles containing FeSe nanoislands entrapped within an ent-FeSe-Pd16Se15-Au nanoparticle and sharing an interface with Pd17Se15. This assembly exhibits a significant enhancement in the superconducting Tc (onset at 33 K) accompanied by a noticeable lattice compression of FeSe along the and directions. The Tc in FeSe is very sensitive to application of pressure and it has been shown that with increasing external pressure Tc can be increased almost 4-fold. In these composite nanoparticles reported here, immobilization of FeSe on the Pd17Se15 surface contributes to increasing the effect of interfacial pressure, thereby enhancing the Tc. The effect of interfacial pressure is also manifested in the contraction of the FeSe lattice (up to 3.8% in direction) as observed through extensive high-resolution TEM imaging. The confined FeSe in these nanoparticles occupied a region of approximately 15-25 nm, where lattice compression was uniform over the entire FeSe region, thereby maximizing its effect in enhancing the Tc. The nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple catalyst-aided vapor transport reaction at 800 °C where iron acetylacetonate and Se were used as precursors. Morphology and composition of these nanoparticles have been studied in details through extensive electron microscopy.
Mechanism of erythropoietic action of thyroid hormone.

SummaryHypertransfusion polycythemia in mice abolished the erythropoietic effect of T3, but it was restored when polycythemic mice were exposed at 300 mm Hg ambient pressure. Combined injections of T3 and erythropoietin had no greater erythropoietic effect in plethoric mice than erythropoietin alone. Results indicate that T3 does not induce stem-cell differentiation, does not augment the rate of stem-cell differentiation at a given erythropoietin level, and does not increase proliferation of erythroid cells directly. Suppression of erythropoietin formation by bilateral nephrectomy in rats confirmed these results. Absence of erythropoietic effect in two experimental models with suppressed erythropoietin formation makes it improbable that erythropoietic effect of T3 is exerted by an intermediate other than erythropoietin.
Quantifying the role of anion-π interactions in anion-π catalysis.

Matile et al. introduced the concept of anion−π catalysis [Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 9940; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 2101], reporting naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based organocatalysts for the Kemp elimination reaction. We report computational analyses of the operative noncovalent interactions, revealing that anion−π interactions actually increase the activation barriers for some of these catalyzed reactions. We propose new catalysts that are predicted to achieve significant lowering of the activation energy through anion−π interactions.
Food allergy needs assessment, training curriculum, and knowledge assessment for child care

Abstract Background More than half of preschool-aged children are enrolled in child care in the United States. Roughly 8% of children between 3 and 5 years of age have a food allergy. Child care center workers (CCCWs) are important caregivers who frequently encounter food allergies, but little is known about their education and understanding of food allergy and anaphylaxis. Objective To perform a food allergy and anaphylaxis educational needs assessment, provide a training curriculum for CCCWs, and assess the effectiveness of the training curriculum. Methods An online educational needs assessment and live training curriculum addressing food allergy recognition, treatment, and food labeling with pretests and posttests were created, and content and face validity were obtained. A needs assessment survey was sent to centers in Dallas and Tarrant counties. The training curriculum was performed at continuing education conferences. Results Seventy-three workers responded to the needs assessment, with 46% reporting prior food allergy training. They reported information sources as parents (73%), self (54%), educational curricula (21%), and conferences (19%). Most believed they have a high or moderately high proficiency in food allergy management. Forty-five workers participated in the training curriculum. Total scores improved from 54% correct on the pretest to 83% correct on the posttest ( P Conclusion CCCWs have diverse educational backgrounds and infrequently experience standardized training about food allergies. There is a significant lack of knowledge regarding food allergies and anaphylaxis. The curriculum was successful at increasing food allergy knowledge among CCCWs.
Analysis of body mass index of the residents in Hezhou Babu District

Objective To explore the distribution tendency of nutrition status and constitutional index of the residents in city and countryside,and instruct them consuming nutrition and arranging diet more scientifically and easily.Methods The conduction of nutrition and health condition survey in China and the method of multi-stage cluster random sampling survey were followed in the study.Height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference of 2 401 subjects from 3 towns of Hezhou,Guangxi.were examined by special trained staffs.Results The incidence of malnutrition was slightly higher in males compared to females,and the incidence of overweight was slightly higher in females compared to males but all had no statistical significance(P0.05).The incidence of obesity was significantly higher in females than in males(P0.01).Malnutrition happened more common in the groups over 60 years old.The incidences of malnutrition and overweight were similar to the mean level of Guangxi,but the rate of obesity was lower than the mean level of Guangxi.Conclusion In Hezhou,the disorder in nutrition status is still common.In order to reduce the incidence of disorder in nutrition status,it is important to carry out nutrition education and correct food consumption.
Molecular epidemiology of salmonella typhimurium in Fujian,China

Objective To study the molecular type of Salmonella typhimurium in Fujian,and investigate epidemic and distribution characters of each type.Methods Seventy-three strains of Salmonella typhimurium from patients and individuals for health checkup were isolated to practise PFGE test,in which XbaⅠand BlnⅠ were used as incision enzymes and H9812 as molecular weight marker.Finger printing of each strain after electrophoresis was analyzed by BioNumerics.Results According to the similarity as 100%,the finger printing can be divided into 49 PFGE types.P1 had 15 strains accounting to 20.55%(15/73) of the total,which was the prevalent type;while P17 had 5 strains.Then,BlnⅠ was used and 5 strains of P1 and 2 strains of P17 had the same fingerprint.The strains of P1 collected from July to September distributed intensively,which accounted to 86.67%(13/15) of the total strains of P1;while other types distributed dispersed,with no epidemic cases.Conclusions PFGE types of Salmonella typhimurium in Fujian are diverse,which could be applied to molecular epidemiology study of the strains.Chronergy and direction should be paid more attention in favor of tracing source and early alert in the disease surveillance.