cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Working with complex care patients

The following article provides the authors' definition of complex care patients. It is based on what they have learned about these special patients from the literature and from their personal clinical experiences. When I received this article for review, I decided to do a literature search on the term complex care patient and had a difficult time finding relevant articles. I asked a wonderful librarian from the Boston Children's Hospital, Alison Clapp, to help me with the search, and she had to maneuver through a maze of clinical subheadings. She described the search as "a difficult one." It is ironic that the search for information pertaining to these patients mirrors the complexity of care that they require from us. Are complex care patients the same as complex patients? The insertion of the word care may make a difference: You decide. There are complex patients who challenge us technically and intellectually, and then there are those who require even more from us--they challenge us technically, intellectually, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. The term complex care patient encompasses all these care dimensions. I think it is an excellent choice of words to make us consider what we are increasingly expected to do--and how we cannot do it alone.--Maura MacPhee, RN, PhD, Clinical Practice Column Editor.
Niche Overlap and Resource Partitioning Between Sympatric Kit Foxes and Coyotes in the Great Basin Desert of Western Utah

Successful coexistence of sympatric canid species often relies on the subdominant species' ability to reduce competition through the differential selection of niche space. Information regarding the process of niche selection and its effect on the structure of canid communities in the Great Basin Desert is unavailable. From Dec. 1999 to Aug. 2001, we quantified the spatial, dietary and temporal resource overlap of kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) and coyotes (Canis latrans) on the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah. Kit foxes and coyotes demonstrated substantial levels of spatial, temporal and dietary overlap. However, where the two species had overlapping home ranges, space use within the home range differed between the two species, with kit foxes using vegetative and landscape ruggedness characteristics not regularly used by coyotes. Although there was little evidence of seasonal change in either canid's use of habitat, in some areas kit foxes made nightly movements to more productive habitats with moderate ruggedness. Regardless of spatial partitioning, incidents of interference competition were high; 56% of known kit fox deaths were attributed to coyotes. In our study, high levels of temporal and dietary overlap, kit fox movement from extreme to moderate topography during foraging and selection for abundant cover demonstrated competitive pressures exerted on the kit fox population by the sympatric coyote population.
SUBSET: A joint design of channel selection and channel hopping for fast blind rendezvous in cognitive radio ad hoc networks

Without a common control channel in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), two secondary users have to first hop on a common available channel before setting up their communication link. Existing papers on this blind rendezvous process mainly focus on the sequence design of channel hopping but do not consider the selection of available channels. Their time to rendezvous (TTR) and operation complexity increase with the number of available channels, which is against the concept that cognitive radios should perform better when there are more unused channels in primary networks. Thus, a new blind rendezvous design that can address this paradoxical issue is desirable. In this paper, we propose a joint design of channel selection and channel hopping for guaranteed blind rendezvous. For the first time, the TTR is significantly reduced to O(1) with a low operation requirement. An analytical model of TTR is also proposed and validated against the simulation. More importantly, under our proposed protocol, TTR decreases with the increasing number of available channels in the network. This is a very attractive feature in spectrum-under-utilized scenarios which has not been achieved by any existing CRAHN rendezvous work.
The Inalienable Right of Publicity

This article challenges the conventional wisdom that the right of publicity is universally and uncontroversially alienable. Courts and scholars have routinely described the right as a freely transferable property right, akin to patents or copyrights. Despite such broad claims of unfettered alienability, courts have limited the transferability of publicity rights in a variety of instances. No one has developed a robust account of why such limits should exist or what their contours should be. This article remedies this omission and concludes that the right of publicity must have significantly limited alienability to protect the rights of individuals to control the development and use of their own identities. In the process of doing so, the article presents a major shift in right of publicity law from thinking about publicity-holders to thinking about “identity-holders.” The distinction between identity-holders and publicity-holders is a crucial one, but one that has not been made elsewhere. Without making such a distinction, it is impossible to describe (let alone justify) an alienable right of publicity. The article presents a major reconceptualization of the right of publicity and suggests new ways of thinking about the right’s purported split from the right to privacy, as well as the competing interests of the public. It also lends insights for other areas of the law in which we struggle with what we mean by property and the appropriate nature of alienability, such as sales of organs, blood, babies, personal data, and moral rights.
Reconstructing representations of dynamic visual objects in early visual cortex

As raw sensory data are partial, our visual system extensively fills in missing details, creating enriched percepts based on incomplete bottom-up information. Despite evidence for internally generated representations at early stages of cortical processing, it is not known whether these representations include missing information of dynamically transforming objects. Long-range apparent motion (AM) provides a unique test case because objects in AM can undergo changes both in position and in features. Using fMRI and encoding methods, we found that the "intermediate" orientation of an apparently rotating grating, never presented in the retinal input but interpolated during AM, is reconstructed in population-level, feature-selective tuning responses in the region of early visual cortex (V1) that corresponds to the retinotopic location of the AM path. This neural representation is absent when AM inducers are presented simultaneously and when AM is visually imagined. Our results demonstrate dynamic filling-in in V1 for object features that are interpolated during kinetic transformations.
Police Beliefs and Attitudes about Gun Control

(2005). Police Beliefs and Attitudes about Gun Control. Current Issues in Criminal Justice: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 269-283.
Functional Expression of the Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor in Human THP-1 Monocytic Leukemia Cells

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is required for the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of monocytes. High- affinity receptors for M-CSF are encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene. In the present study, we show that c-fms transcripts are detectable in human THP-1 myeloid leukemia cells. Furthermore, radiolabeled 125I-M- CSF is rapidly internalized into THP-1 cells and then degraded intracellularly. The results also show that treatment of THP-1 cells with M-CSF is associated with the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene expression. TNF transcript levels were low to undetectable in uninduced THP-1 cells, reached maximal levels by 1 hour of exposure to M-CSF, and returned to those of control cells by 24 hours. Transcriptional run-on analysis showed that a low level of TNF transcription is detectable in untreated THP-1 cells, and M-CSF treatment increased the rate of TNF transcription. Pretreatment of THP-1 cells with pertussis toxin inhibited the increase in PKC activity but not the induction of TNF transcripts by M-CSF. Moreover, exposure of THP-1 cells to inhibitors of protein kinase activity blocked the increase in TNF messenger RNA. These findings suggest that at least two M-CSF-mediated signaling pathways exist in THP-1 cells and that the induction of TNF may be regulated by a protein kinase-dependent mechanism distinct from PKC.
Estimation in the Semiparametric Accelerated Failure Time Model With Missing Covariates: Improving Efficiency Through Augmentation

ABSTRACTThis article considers linear regression with missing covariates and a right censored outcome. We first consider a general two-phase outcome sampling design, where full covariate information is only ascertained for subjects in phase two and sampling occurs under an independent Bernoulli sampling scheme with known subject-specific sampling probabilities that depend on phase one information (e.g., survival time, failure status and covariates). The semiparametric information bound is derived for estimating the regression parameter in this setting. We also introduce a more practical class of augmented estimators that is shown to improve asymptotic efficiency over simple but inefficient inverse probability of sampling weighted estimators. Estimation for known sampling weights and extensions to the case of estimated sampling weights are both considered. The allowance for estimated sampling weights permits covariates to be missing at random according to a monotone but unknown mechanism. The asymptotic pr...
The Art of Writing Pedagogical Innovations for Teaching Journals in Business Disciplines

In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of teaching journals published in the business disciplines, including the Journal of Human Resources Education. While these journals vary in the scope of what they publish, most publish a variety of teaching innovations, such as exercises, cases and simulations, which have been newly developed. This paper provides some guidelines regarding how to best write up pedagogical innovations for submission to teaching journals.
Least-Squares Problems

This chapter presents linear least-squares. The normal equations are motivated by a figure showing that b − Ax should be normal to Ax . It is then shown that if m ≥ n , there is a unique least-squares solution if and only if x satisfies the normal equations. Also, x is unique if and only if A has full rank. The pseudoinverse or the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse is presented, and the condition number of an m × n matrix m ≥ n is defined using the pseudoinverse. There are three basic techniques for solving the overdetermined least-squares problem, m ≥ n , solving the normal equations, using the reduced QR decomposition, and using the reduced SVD. The most commonly used is the QR decomposition. The solution using the normal equations depends on the square of the condition number and should only be used with a well-conditioned matrix. The SVD approach generally is slower than QR but still effective. Both the QR and SVD algorithms are stable. There is a brief discussion of least-squares conditioning. If the angle between b and Ax is small, the conditioning depends on the condition number of A . If the angle is not close to π 2 but the condition number is large, then sensitivity depends on the square of the condition number. If the angle is close to π 2 , the solution is near zero, but the errors are very large. For m ≥ n , the rank-deficient least-squares problem is presented and solved using the SVD. Among infinitely many solutions, the algorithm finds the one with minimum norm. The chapter ends with a discussion of underdetermined least-squares problems, m n . An algorithm is developed that uses the QR decomposition applied to A T .
The Activity of Antimicrobial Surfaces Varies by Testing Protocol Utilized

Background Contaminated hospital surfaces are an important source of nosocomial infections. A major obstacle in marketing antimicrobial surfaces is a lack of efficacy data based on standardized testing protocols. Aim We compared the efficacy of multiple testing protocols against several “antimicrobial” film surfaces. Methods Four clinical isolates were used: one Escherichia coli, one Klebsiella pneumoniae, and two Staphylococcus aureus strains. Two industry methods (modified ISO 22196 and ASTM E2149), a “dried droplet”, and a “transfer” method were tested against two commercially available antimicrobial films, one film in development, an untreated control, and a positive (silver) control film. At 2 (only ISO) and 24 hours following inoculation, bacteria were collected from film surfaces and enumerated. Results Compared to untreated films in all protocols, there were no significant differences in recovery on either commercial brand at 2 or 24 hours after inoculation. The silver surface demonstrated significant microbicidal activity (mean loss 4.9 Log10 CFU/ml) in all methods and time points with the exception of 2 hours in the ISO protocol and the transfer method. Using our novel droplet method, no differences between placebo and active surfaces were detected. The surface in development demonstrated variable activity depending on method, organism, and time point. The ISO demonstrated minimal activity at 2 hours but significant activity at 24 hours (mean 4.5 Log10 CFU/ml difference versus placebo). The ASTEM protocol exhibited significant differences in recovery of staphylococci (mean 5 Log10 CFU/ml) but not Gram-negative isolates (10 fold decrease). Minimal activity was observed with this film in the transfer method. Conclusions Varying results between protocols suggested that efficacy of antimicrobial surfaces cannot be easily and reproducibly compared. Clinical use should be considered and further development of representative methods is needed.
Analog design with Verilog-A

Verilog-A is a language to describe analog behavior. It is an extension to the IEEE 1364 Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) specification. A complete definition of the Verilog-A hardware description language, as proposed by the analog Technical Subcommittee of Open Verilog International (OVI), can be found in the Verilog-A Language Reference Manual (LRM). An LRM to describe mixed signal, Verilog-AMS, is in development and will be available in 1997. Several Verilog-A prototype simulators are now in development and three are available from commercial CAD tool providers. This paper contains information about Verilog-A, the motivation to develop it, some thoughts on model development, and an example of a Verilog-A module.
Organizational Democracy and Organization Structure Link: Role of Strategic Leadership & Environmental Uncertainty

This theoretical paper focuses on the issue of implementing democratic principles in modern day organizations facing turbulent and changing environments around them. The paper captures the notion of participatory style of management through the construct of organizational democracy. It traces the origin of this construct from theories and philosophies of political democracy. The paper also briefly describes the notion of economic democracy and why it failed to succeed in the face of partial success of political democracy. The underlying question which the paper raises is the role of organization structure and strategic leadership style in the successful implementation of democratic principles in organizations in the face of a turbulent and dynamic environment. The paper also attempts to raise some thought-provoking questions for future research.
Reinnervation post-heart transplantation.

Heart transplantation results in complete denervation of the donor heart with loss of afferent and efferent nerve connections. The majority of patients remain completely denervated during the first 6–12 months following transplantation. Evidence of reinnervation is usually found during the second year after transplantation and involve the myocardial muscle, sinoatrial node, and coronary vessels, but remains incomplete and regionally limited many years post-transplant. Restoration of cardiac innervation can improve exercise capacity as well as blood flow regulation in the coronary arteries, and hence improve quality of life. As yet, there is no evidence that the reinnervation process is associated with the occurrence of allograft-related events or survival.
Jumping on the Bandwagon: Visualizing the Social Space of Social Taggers

In social tagging, cultural forces lead to conformance. A study of tags from Delicious.com demonstrated a socially generated bandwagon effect. Here the effect is discussed in the context of Bourdieu’s notion of “social space” (1991). Social space of taggers provides boundary regions for cultural warrant in social classification. Dans l’etiquetage social, des forces culturelles poussent a la conformite. Une etude des etiquettes sur Delicious.com demontre un effet d’entrainement social. Dans la communication, cet effet est analyse dans le contexte de la notion « d’espace social » de Bourdieu (1991). L’espace social des etiqueteurs comporte des regions frontieres au potentiel culturel dans la classification sociale.
Endoscopic Fundoplication: Effectiveness for Controlling Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is a completely endoscopic approach to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We previously reported our initial results demonstrating safety and early effectiveness. We now present an updated experience describing outcomes with longer follow-up. For a three-year period, TIF procedures were performed on 80 patients. Preoperative workup routinely consisted of contrast esophagram and manometry. PH testing was reserved for patients with either atypical symptoms or typical symptoms unresponsive to proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Heartburn severity was longitudinally assessed using the GERD health-related quality of life index. Safety analysis was performed on all 80 patients, and an effectiveness analysis was performed on patients with at least 6-month follow-up. Mean procedure time was 75 minutes. There were seven (8.75%) grade 2 complications and one (1.25%) grade 3 complication (aspiration pneumonia). The median length of stay was 1 day (mean, 1.4). Forty-one patients had a minimum of 6-month of follow-up (mean, 24 months; range, 6–68 months). The mean satisfaction scores at follow-up improved significantly from baseline (P < 0.001). Sixty-three percent of patients had completely stopped or reduced their PPI dose. Results were not impacted by impaired motility; however, the presence of a small hiatal hernia or a Hill grade 2/4 valve was associated with reduced GERD health-related quality of life scores postoperatively. At a mean follow-up of 24 months, TIF is effective. Although symptoms and satisfaction improved significantly, many patients continued to take PPIs. Future studies should focus on longer-term durability and comparisons with laparoscopic techniques.
On the relationship between the complexity, the degree, and the extension of a computable set

We consider the equivalence relation A =c B (“A and B have the same time complexity”) ⇔ (for all time constructible f : A ∈ DTIME(f) ⇔ B ∈ DTIME(f)). In this paper we give a survey of the known relationships between this equivalence relation and degree theoretic and extensional properties of sets. Furthermore we illustrate the proof techniques that have been used for this analysis, with emphasis on those arguments that are of interest from the point of view of recursion theory. Finally we will discuss in the last section some open problems and directions for further research on this topic.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIER TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA PT SUCOFINDO (PERSERO) JAKARTA

- The achievement of a goal the organization or company characterized by good performance of all employees. This makes the employee as an asset that is essential for an organization or company. Career development at PT Sucofindo (Persero) Jakarta is one of the influential program that aims to meet the needs of employees, in order to increase their performance in order to maintain employees as the most important asset. This study was conducted using a sample technique is saturated with respondents from 30 employees at the Human Capital division. Data obtained by observation, questionnaires, and literature were processed using SPSS V.17. Data processing results obtained by the correlation coefficient of 0.868 which has a very strong relationship between the career development of the performance. Based on the coefficient of determination obtained significant level of 0.000 <0.05. R Square of 0.754 which can be concluded that the career development has an influence on the performance while the rest of 0.246 influenced by other factors. The calculation of the regression coefficients obtained significant level of 0.000 where 0.000 <0.05 then H0 and H1 accepted. The value of a = 11.871, b = 0.724 value obtained regression formula Y = a + bx to Y = 11.871 + 0,724x. X = Career development, Y = Performance. So run career development has been good in the role that employee performance is increasing. Keywords: Career Developments, Employee’s Performance
Leader Survival Strategies and the Onset of Civil Conflict: A Coup-Proofing Paradox

It is paradoxical that authoritarian leaders often hold power for long periods of time, despite their states being plagued with rebellion. Scholarship has argued the practice of coup-proofing is po...
Two-Layer 16 T Cos θ Dipole Design for the FCC

The future circular collider or FCC is a study aimed at exploring the possibility to reach 100 TeV total collision energy that would require 16 T dipoles. Upon the conclusion of the high luminosity upgrade, the US LHC accelerator upgrade project in collaboration with CERN will have an extensive Nb3Sn magnet fabrication experience. This experience includes robust Nb3Sn conductor and insulation scheming, 2-layer cos 2θ coil fabrication, and bladder-and-key structure and assembly. By making improvements and modification to existing technology, the feasibility of a two-layer 16 T dipole is investigated. Preliminary designs indicate that fields up to 16.6 T are feasible with conductor grading while satisfying the HE-LHC and FCC specifications. Key challenges include accommodating high-aspect ratio conductor, narrow wedge design, Nb3Sn conductor grading, and especially quench protection of a 16 T device.
Dysplastic megalencephaly phenotype presenting with prenatal high-output cardiac failure

Dysplastic megalencephaly, also known as bilateral hemimegalencephaly, is a rare cerebral malformation characterized by bilateral cerebral hemisphere overgrowth and extensive malformation of cortical development. Affected patients present clinically with intractable seizures, severe neurological impairment and global developmental delay. There is a small body of literature reporting megalencephaly's association with neonatal high-output cardiac failure and a lack of literature describing prenatal findings. We report a case of dysplastic megalencephaly presenting with progressive high-output cardiac failure during fetal life. Prenatal and postnatal imaging findings as well as neonatal course are described. A companion case with similar imaging findings will help illustrate the prenatal imaging characteristics of this association. Knowledge of this potential complication related to dysplastic megalencephaly may help guide parental counseling and obstetric management.
Human-machine interface using eye saccade and facial expression physiological signals to improve the maneuverability of wearable robots

This paper proposed a method using eye saccade and facial expression physiological signals to interpret human intentions as a mean to operate wearable robots. Our approach used only two electrodes placed on top of the left and right ears to identify high fidelity physiological signals. With the developed machine learning algorithms, we can achieve over 97% accuracy of the classified various human eye-facial gestures, which allows us to build up intuitive Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) strategies to let disable people operate exoskeletons or wheelchairs easily and naturally. This method also enables the design of earbud-like wearable device, which can be worn comfortably for long hours to provide ubiquitous controllability to operate external smart devices. The ultimate goal of this research is to seamlessly merge human and machine all together by just using a simple wearable device.
The Impact of Atmospheric Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Iron Species on Marine Biological Productivity

Marine chemists have long been concerned with the geochemical cycling of trace species in the ocean and with evaluating the sources, sinks, and transport paths of chemicals through the marine system. In recent years there has been a growing realization that rivers — previously believed to be the primary input path for materials entering the ocean — may be equalled and even surpassed in some cases by other transport paths and sources. Recent investigations of hydrothermal vents and submarine volcanism have highlighted the importance of these sources on the ocean floor for a number of substances in the ocean. Over the past ten years it has become apparent that the atmosphere can also be an important transport path for many substances entering the sea. Indeed, one of the primary objectives of this Advanced Study Institute is an evaluation of the importance of air/sea exchange processes in controlling or affecting the concentrations of a wide variety of marine organic and inorganic substances.
Mathematical and Numerical Preliminaries

In this chapter, we introduce notation and summarize several facts to be used in the rest of the book.
The Phenomenon of Neural Regeneration

Following neural injury, the complex sequence of events leading to neural regeneration will not be undertaken unless survival in the short term is assured. For most species to survive injury to the central nervous system (CNS), neural control of homeostatic functions must remain intact, although some very simple animals, such as flatworms, ribbon worms, or sea cucumbers, can sustain extreme injury and require only that enough neural tissue be present to provide a stimulus for regeneration. The nervous system apparently plays an organizing role in the regeneration of many animals (Chap. 2).
Translational Control and Fidelity

The process of protein synthesis, termed translation, is complex, involving a large molecular machine, called the ribosome, that orchestrates the interaction of a large number of trans-acting factors, both RNA and protein. A large proportion of genes are translationally regulated with most of the regulation occurring at initiation of protein synthesis. Many genes, however, are regulated at other steps in the process of translation or by co-translational regulation of mRNA stability. A special subclass of translational regulation involves regulated changes in translational fidelity. Protein synthesis proceeds at rates of up to 50 amino acids per second but while making on average fewer than one mistake in 10 000 amino acids incorporated. Some mRNAs, however, increase the frequency of non-standard translation up to 50% per codon. Atomic structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes, first solved in 2001, provide insights into the molecular processes involved in translational control and fidelity.
General Approach to the Painful Shoulder Arthroplasty

Shoulder arthroplasty is an effective treatment for arthritis that improves pain, function, and quality of life. National trends in utilization of arthroplasty indicate that the number of shoulder arthroplasties is increasing steadily with more arthroplasties being performed in younger and more active patients. Because of the rising utilization, there is a downstream effect of a growing burden of complexity of revision surgery. This chapter will provide a general overview on the approach to the management of the painful shoulder arthroplasty.
Complement protein levels in plasma astrocyte-derived exosomes are abnormal in conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Abstract Introduction Levels of complement proteins (CPs) in plasma astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) that are abnormal in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been assessed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Participants (n = 20 per group) had either MCI converting to dementia within 3 years (MCIC), MCI remaining stable over 3 years (MCIS), Alzheimer's disease, or were controls. CPs of ADEs isolated from plasmas by anti-human glutamine aspartate transporter antibody absorption were quantified by ELISAs. Results ADE levels of C1q and C4b of the classical pathway, factor D and fragment Bb of the alternative pathway, and C5b, C3b, and C5b-C9 of both pathways were significantly higher in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS. ADE levels of inhibitory CPs decay-accelerating factor, CD46, CD59, and type 1 complement receptor were significantly lower in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS. Discussion ADE CPs are components of neurotoxic neuroinflammation that may be predictive biomarkers of MCI conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
Herod the Great and the Iudicium Domesticum: Legal Pluralism to Die For

ABSTRACTThe central question under consideration in this article is whether the various trials to which Herod, the well-known king of Judaea, subjected family members qualify as instances of the Ro...
Inhibitory Effects of Allicin (Diallyl Disulfide-Oxide, A Constituent of Garlic Oil) on Human Platelet and Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function

Garlic has had an important role in herbal medicine for thousands of years. It has been used to treat infections, heart diseases and respiratory ailments such as asthma. Ether extracts of garlic (Allium stivum) have been reported to inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro (1). Partially purified distilled extracts of garlic have also been reported to inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro but the effect on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in platelets is uncertain (2, 3). It has been reported that garlic oil or garlic juice reduces serum cholesterol (4–6) and the severity of atherosclerosis (5,6) in rats and rabbits fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet. Allicin (diallyl disulfide-oxide), a known antibacterial agent in garlic (7) and the oil which gives garlic its characteristic odor, has also been reported to reduce serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats (8), but its effect on platelet aggregation and AA metabolism has not been studied.
Intra-Articular Pathology Associated with Acute and Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background Concomitant meniscal and chondral pathology is common at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). The purpose of the present study was to report the prevalence of concomitant intra-articular pathology for patients undergoing acute or chronic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods This study represents a prospective, consecutively collected cohort of 255 patients undergoing both primary and revision ACL-R between January 2012 and December 2014 at a single institution. The cohort was divided into an acute surgical group, defined as surgery within six weeks of injury, and a chronic surgical group, greater than six weeks removed from injury. The median time from injury to surgery for the entire cohort was 37 days (range: 4 days to 855 days). Variables of interest included patient demographic characteristics, concomitant meniscal and chondral pathology, and meniscus treatment. Results Patients treated in the chronic setting were slightly older (28.7 ± 11.6 years vs. 23.1 ± 8.6 years, P=0.001), had a higher prevalence of complex tears of the medial meniscus (37.2% vs. 7.7%, P=0.012) and cartilage injury (16.5% vs. 7.8%, P=0.03). After excluding revision ACL-R procedures, complex medial meniscus tears in chronic ACL-R were higher than in acute ACL-R (medial= 27.3% vs. 3.0%, P=0.022), however when age was considered, these tears were no longer more frequent than in the acute setting (P=0.056). Similarly, the prevalence of cartilage injury was equivalent between groups after correcting for age (P=0.167). Among primary ACL-R, there were more medial meniscus repairs in the acute surgical group compared to the chronic group (60.6% vs. 24.2%, P=0.003). After excluding complex tears, medial meniscus repair rates were no longer performed more frequently in patients undergoing acute ACL-R (59.4% vs. 33.3%, P=0.054). Conclusions Data from this prospective cohort suggest that with increasing time from ACL injury to ACL-R, medial meniscus pathology increases, with a lower likelihood of meniscal repair in all patients undergoing ACL-R. However, this finding is no longer statistically significant when considering only patients undergoing primary ACL-R. Age appears to play an important role in whether concomitant pathology develops following ACL rupture. Given these findings, early intervention may increase the ability to repair medial meniscus tears in the setting of ACL-R, but this conclusion is less supported in primary ACL-R.Level of Evidence: II.
Microbiome convergence following sanitizer treatment and identification of sanitizer resistant species from spinach and lettuce rinse water

Fresh produce, as a known or suspected source of multiple foodborne outbreaks, harbors large populations of diverse microorganisms, which are partially released into wash water during processing. However, the dynamics of bacterial communities in wash water during produce processing is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of chlorine (FC) and peracetic acid (PAA) on the microbiome dynamics in spinach and romaine lettuce rinse water. Treatments with increasing concentrations of sanitizers resulted in convergence of distinct microbiomes. The resultant sanitizer resistant microbiome showed dominant presence by Bacillus sp., Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus, Cupriavidus sp., and Ralstonia sp. Most of the FC and PAA resistant bacteria isolated from spinach and lettuce rinse water after sanitation were gram positive spore forming species including Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Brevibacillus spp., while several PAA resistant Pseudomonas spp. were also isolated from lettuce rinse water. Inoculation of foodborne pathogens altered the microbiome shift in spinach rinse water under PAA treatment, but not in lettuce rinse water or FC treated samples. These inoculated foodborne pathogens were not isolated among the sanitizer resistant strains.
Real-time label-free microscopy with adjustable phase-contrast.

The lack of contrast represents a challenge in all imaging systems, including microscopy. This manuscript proposes the use of an azobenzene liquid crystal material as a Zernike filter in a phase-contrast configuration to enable label-free imaging. The novelty of the approach presented here is that it offers real-time adjustment of the contrast in images and prolonged-time observation. This is achieved with no SLM, any customized optical components, or mechanical elements, and voltage is not applied. Notably, the intensity level (0.95 mW/cm2) is well below photodamage or phototoxicity for bioimaging, allowing extended time monitoring of cells. Additionally, due to the large LC's birefringence (Δn=0.2), it is possible not only to visualize a phase object but also to adjust the contrast of stainless samples by just rotating the polarization with a large and continuous dynamic range of phase retardation. In future work, this will enable a simple implementation of differential phase-contrast microscopy and quantitative phase imaging. Due to the low-intensity illumination required, this system can be combined with other imaging techniques, such as tomography and fluorescence microscopy.
Third order adjoint sensitivity analysis of reaction rate responses in a multiplying nuclear system with source

Abstract Until recently, the 2nd-order sensitivities of reactor physics model responses to the nuclear data characterizing the respective model were impractical to compute exactly and exhaustively, because of the so-called “curse of dimensionality.” Hence, the effects of the 2nd-order sensitivities on the uncertainties produced in responses by the uncertain nuclear data have been routinely neglected. Recently, the author has developed a general 2nd-order adjoint sensitivity analysis methodology which overcame the “curse of dimensionality” to perform the first-ever complete computation of the exact 21,976 first-order, and 482,944,576 s-order sensitivities for a OECD/NEA reactor physics benchmark response to the uncertain nuclear data that characterize the neutron transport computational model of this benchmark. In particular, the numerical results obtained for the benchmark’s leakage response with respect to the benchmark’s group-averaged isotopic total cross sections indicated that, contrary to the widely held belief that the 2nd-order response sensitivities in reactor physics systems are negligible, the opposite turned out to be the case, i.e., many of the 2nd-order sensitivities were orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding 1st-order ones. Consequently, neglecting the 2nd-order sensitivities would cause very large non-conservative errors by under-reporting the response variance and erroneously reporting its expected value. The fact that a large number of 2nd-order response sensitivities are significantly larger than the 1st-order sensitivities has motivated the development of the general expressions presented in this work for the efficient and exact computation of the 3rd-order response sensitivities of reaction rate responses to nuclear data for subcritical reactor physics systems modeled by the neutron transport equation. The mathematical results derived in this work are currently implemented in production-oriented three-dimensional neutron transport code systems to enable the computation of 3rd-order sensitivities of reactor physics systems, commencing with the OECD/NEA benchmark mentioned above.
Non‐Volatile Reconfigurable Integrated Photonics Enabled by Broadband Low‐Loss Phase Change Material

Phase change materials (PCMs) have long been used as a storage medium in rewritable compact disk and later in random access memory. In recent years, the integration of PCMs with nanophotonic structures has introduced a new paradigm for non-volatile reconfigurable optics. However, the high loss of the archetypal PCM Ge2Sb2Te5 in both visible and telecommunication wavelengths has fundamentally limited its applications. Sb2S3 has recently emerged as a wide-bandgap PCM with transparency windows ranging from 610nm to near-IR. In this paper, the strong optical phase modulation and low optical loss of Sb2S3 are experimentally demonstrated for the first time in integrated photonic platforms at both 750nm and 1550nm. As opposed to silicon, the thermo-optic coefficient of Sb2S3 is shown to be negative, making the Sb2S3-Si hybrid platform less sensitive to thermal fluctuation. Finally, a Sb2S3 integrated non-volatile microring switch is demonstrated which can be tuned electrically between a high and low transmission state with a contrast over 30dB. Our work experimentally verified the prominent phase modification and low loss of Sb2S3 in wavelength ranges relevant for both solid-state quantum emitter and telecommunication, enabling potential applications such as optical field programmable gate array, post-fabrication trimming, and large-scale integrated quantum photonic network.
Improving Public Service Culture With Reduction of Interest Conflicts in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Task Enforcement in Emerging Markets - Case In Vietnam

Nowadays, many developing countries such as China, India and Vietnam, etc. have been trying to improve public service culture in public service organizations through eliminating corruption, more integrity, and training and improving good corporate governance. Based on theories background on public service culture, or public administration culture and conflicts of interest, this paper aims to evaluate real situation of interest conflicts in public enforcement in Vietnam nowadays; then, it will use a combination of logic and synthesis, qualitative and quantitative methods, and inter-social scientific industries analytical method to propose some recommendations to reduce conflicts of interest in public enforcement in the country on the basis of further clarifying the concept of “public service culture” and “conflict of interest” in public service. For instance, the paper suggests that we need to amend regulations on giving and receiving gifts, and increase the control over assets and income.
Maternal Executive Functions, Maternal Discipline, and Children’s School Readiness: A Process Oriented Approach

Emerging conceptual frameworks identify executive functions as a potential explanatory variable in determinants of parenting, and a growing body of research has demonstrated associations between executive functions and parenting behaviors. Toward this end, the current study employs a process model investigating how maternal executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, and set shifting) influence caregiving approaches to discipline, and how parental discipline is associated with children’s school adjustment over time. Additionally, this research represents one of the first attempts to understand the specific processes underlying a parents’ ability to take on a scaffolding approach within discipline scenarios. This sample consisted of 243 socioeconomically and ethnically diverse mothers and their 5–6 year old children. Multi-informant methods were used to assess constructs. Results showed that maternal inhibitory control was associated with greater use of scaffolding discipline, which was in turn related to higher levels of children’s school engagement and more positive teacher–child relationships one year later. Results are interpreted within an ecological framework regarding the role that parental neurocognitive functioning has on children’s adjustment outcomes. This research has implications for better understanding which aspects of parenting would be ideal targets when developing interventions to aide children in their adjustment to formal schooling.
Ultrasound Assessment of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Thickness in Critically Ill Children.

OBJECTIVES Evaluate the reliability of ultrasound to measure quadriceps femoris muscle thickness in critically ill children and to describe serial changes in quadriceps femoris muscle thickness in relation to fluid balance and nutritional intake. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS Inpatients age 3 months to 18 years recently admitted to the ICU who were sedated and mechanically ventilated at the time of the first ultrasound scan. METHODS Prospective observational study to examine the reliability of averaged ultrasound measurements of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness. Change in average quadriceps femoris muscle thickness over time was correlated with fluid balance and nutritional intake. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Averaged quadriceps femoris muscle thickness demonstrated good to excellent reliability when comparing pediatric critical care providers to pediatric radiologists and when comparing between different pediatric critical care providers. We found no significant association between fluid balance over 1 or 3 days and change in quadriceps femoris muscle thickness over the same time frame. However, there was a significant association between percent of goal calories (p < 0.001) or percent of goal protein (p < 0.001) over 6 days and change in quadriceps femoris muscle thickness over the same time frame. CONCLUSIONS Averaged ultrasound measurements of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness demonstrate good to excellent reliability, are not confounded by fluid balance, and are useful for tracking changes in muscle thickness that are associated with nutritional intake. Ultrasound-based assessment of quadriceps femoris is a clinically useful tool for evaluating muscle mass and may be a proxy for nutritional status.
Risk-Averse Control via CVaR Barrier Functions: Application to Bipedal Robot Locomotion

Enforcing safety in the presence of stochastic uncertainty is a challenging problem. Traditionally, researchers have proposed safety in the statistical mean as a safety measure for systems subject to stochastic uncertainty. However, ensuring safety in the statistical mean is only reasonable if system’s safe behavior in the large number of runs is of interest, which precludes the use of mean safety in practical scenarios. In this letter, we propose a risk sensitive notion of safety called conditional-value-at-risk (CVaR) safety. We introduce CVaR barrier functions as a tool to enforce CVaR-safety and propose conditions for their Boolean compositions. Given a legacy controller, we show that we can design a minimally interfering CVaR-safe controller via solving difference convex programs (DCPs). We elucidate the proposed method by applying it to a bipedal robot locomotion case study.
Incorporation of a FRET pair within a phosphonate diester

Cell-cleavable protecting groups are an effective tactic for construction of biological probes because such compounds can improve problems with instability, solubility, and cellular uptake. Incorporation of fluorescent groups in the protecting groups may afford useful probes of cellular functions, especially for payloads containing phosphonates that would be highly charged if not protected, but little is known about the steric or electronic factors that impede release of the payload. In this report we present a strategy for the synthesis of a coumarin fluorophore and a 4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid (DABCYL) ester chromophore incorporated as a FRET pair within a single phosphonate. Such compounds were designed to deliver a BTN3A1 ligand payload to its intracellular receptor. Both final products and some synthetic intermediates were evaluated for their ability to undergo metabolic activation in γδ T cell functional assays, and for their photophysical properties by spectrophotometry. One phosphonate bearing a DABCYL acyloxyester and a novel tyramine-linked coumarin fluorophore exhibited strong, rapid, and potent cellular activity for γδ T cell stimulation and also showed FRET interactions. This strategy demonstrates that bioactivatable phosphonates containing FRET pairs can be utilized to develop probes to monitor cellular uptake of otherwise charged payloads.
Exploring the Use of Psilocybin Therapy for Existential Distress: A Qualitative Study of Palliative Care Provider Perceptions.

There is a growing body of research suggesting that palliative care patients coping with existential distress may benefit from psilocybin. However, there is a large gap regarding the perceptions of...