cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A rate-dependent model for hot-rolling

A rate-dependent model for the plane-strain sheet-rolling problem is proposed. The governing equations are solved using an asymptotic scheme that assumes that the ratio δ of thickness of the sheet material at the entry to the roll-bite length is small. Both the relative-slip and no-slip sheet-roll interface conditions are considered. Depending on the magnitude of the friction, different regimes that correspond to different levels of shear deformation have been identified and asymptotic solutions are provided for each of these regimes. The effect of the reduction, the strain-rate hardening parameter and the magnitude of the friction on the field variables and the roll-speed is also studied. Further, it is shown that in the limit as the strain-rate hardening index n → ∞, the asymptotic solutions for the rate-dependent model are shown to approach those predicted by rigid perfectly-plastic theory. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results for a commercial purity aluminum. The comparisons indicate a reasonable agreement between theory and experiment.
Metalinguistic awareness and reading strategies

A relatively large group of children does not learn to read with traditional methods of instruction in a regular classroom setting. Although estimates of the prevalence of reading disabilities vary according to the definitions used and according to the severity of the disorder, there is a general consensus that at least 15 percent of school age children have significant reading problems (Harris and Sipay 1975). Many factors, e.g., emotional disturb ance, mental retardation, or lack of opportunity, can interfere with reading acquisition. A distinct group of children, however, apparently does not learn to read because of a neurological dysfunction in the central nervous system which affects the processing of information. Children who fall into this category are often referred to as having a specific learning disability (Johnson and Myklebust 1967). Children so classified, however, do not form a homogeneous group since they exhibit variation in complex patterns of strengths and weaknes ses in information processing. Some of these children fail to learn to read primarily because of difficulty in auditory processing and in applying phonic word attack skills. Johnson and Myklebust (1967) refer to them as auditory dyslexies and Boder (1971) refers to them as dysphonetics. Another group, referred to as visual dyslexies or dyseidetics, has difficulty processing visual information and remembering the visual gestalt of the word. The tendency of these children is to rely upon phonics when reading. Boder (1971) found the dysphonetic group to be significantly larger than the dyseidetic one, 63 percent compared to 9 percent, respectively. In addition to these two groups, however, there are children who exhibit both auditory and visual processing problems, as well as difficulties integrating auditory and visual information.
An Investigation of the Relationship of Personality, Coping, and Grief Intensity Among Bereaved Mothers

A mediational model of grief intensity (Meuser & Marwit, 2000) was examined in a population at risk for complicated grief. Coping strategies (emotion-oriented, task-oriented, and avoidance-oriented coping) were hypothesized to mediate the influence of personality factors (neuroticism and extraversion) on grief. Bereaved mothers (N = 138) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and Revised Grief Experiences Inventory. Coping strategies partially mediated the influence of personality factors on grief. However, compared to prior findings among bereaved spouses, coping played a weaker mediating role, and neuroticism had a stronger direct influence on grief among bereaved mothers. Results suggest that personality and coping factors may function differently across different loss circumstances.
Model uncertainty and model aggregation in environmental management

This paper presents dynamic programming formulations for addressing model and parameter uncertainty in environmental management problems. To address the inherent uncertainty surrounding the mathematical modelling of a physical system, we present ways to aggregate information from multiple simulation models into a dynamic programming framework. Aggregation methods are based on minimizing the extent or frequency of standard level violation, as predicted by the simulation models. Different formulations aggregate information from the multiple simulation models through extreme value, summation, risk averse and risk seeking approaches. A second basic type of uncertainty, parameter value uncertainty, is addressed by considering selected input parameters as random variables. Monte Carlo simulations are then performed to generate one-step Markov transition matrices for use in stochastic versions of the optimization models. In developing the optimization models, two types of problem feasibility are identified: nominal or first stage feasibility and secondary feasibility. Variants on the basic multiple model methodologies highlight subtleties in the definition of feasibility in multiple model cases. The methodologies are demonstrated in a water quality management example for the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania.
Unraveling the Pathway of Lipoic Acid Biosynthesis

Lipoic acid is almost universally required for aerobic metabolism. However, the mechanism for its synthesis and incorporation into proteins has remained elusive. A groundbreaking study published in the December issue of Chemistry & Biology [20] uncovers critical features of the lipoic acid biosynthetic pathway.
Anaerobic Benzene Oxidation via Phenol in Geobacter metallireducens

Anaerobic activation of benzene is expected to represent a novel biochemistry of environmental significance. Therefore, benzene metabolism was investigated in Geobacter metallireducens, the only genetically tractable organism known to anaerobically degrade benzene. Trace amounts (<0.5 μM) of phenol accumulated in cultures of Geobacter metallireducens anaerobically oxidizing benzene to carbon dioxide with the reduction of Fe(III). Phenol was not detected in cell-free controls or in Fe(II)- and benzene-containing cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a Geobacter species that cannot metabolize benzene. The phenol produced in G. metallireducens cultures was labeled with (18)O during growth in H2(18)O, as expected for anaerobic conversion of benzene to phenol. Analysis of whole-genome gene expression patterns indicated that genes for phenol metabolism were upregulated during growth on benzene but that genes for benzoate or toluene metabolism were not, further suggesting that phenol was an intermediate in benzene metabolism. Deletion of the genes for PpsA or PpcB, subunits of two enzymes specifically required for the metabolism of phenol, removed the capacity for benzene metabolism. These results demonstrate that benzene hydroxylation to phenol is an alternative to carboxylation for anaerobic benzene activation and suggest that this may be an important metabolic route for benzene removal in petroleum-contaminated groundwaters, in which Geobacter species are considered to play an important role in anaerobic benzene degradation.
Decreased adherence and spontaneous separation of fetal membrane layers – amnion and choriodecidua – a possible part of the normal weakening process

Abstract Introduction The fetal membrane (FM) layers, amnion and choriodecidua, are frequently noted to have varying degrees of separation following delivery. FM layers normally separate prior to rupture during in vitro biomechanical testing. We hypothesized that the adherence between amnion and choriodecidua decreases prior to delivery resulting in separation of the FM layers and facilitating FM rupture. Methods FM from 232 consecutively delivered patients were examined to determine the extent of spontaneous separation of the FM layers at delivery. Percent separation was determined by the weight of separated FM tissue divided by the total FM weight. Separately, the adherence between intact FM layers was determined. FM adherence was tested following term vaginal delivery (13), term unlabored cesarean section (10), and preterm delivery (6). Results Subjects enrolled in the two studies had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. FM separation was present in 92.1% of membranes. Only 4.3% of FM delivered following spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes (SROM) had no detectable separation. 64.7% of FM had greater than 10% separation. FM from term vaginal deliveries had significantly more separation and were less adherent than FM of term unlabored, elective cesarean section (39.0±34.4% vs 22.5±30.9%, p=.046 and 0.041±0.018N/cm vs 0.048±0.019N/cm, p Conclusions Separation of the amnion from choriodecidua at delivery is almost universal. Increased separation is associated with decreased adherence as measured in vitro . Increased separation and decreased adherence are seen both with increasing gestation and with labor suggesting both biochemical and mechanical etiologies. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that FM layer separation is part of the FM weakening process during normal parturition.
Maple: The new apprenticeship in applied mathematics

The author claims that a totally new pedagogy is available because of tools like Maple that actually do the analytic manipulations which have been the focus of the traditional curriculum for so many years. Given that a computer can now be directed to perform nearly all the manipulations of the undergraduate mathematics curriculum, the software becomes both a teaching/learning device and a production tool. Maple can be used to learn about, and implement mathematics and engineering analysis. >
Benefits of urban underground power delivery

From the community point of view, there are clear and distinct advantages in having all urban power lines underground. Utility companies, operating in a regulated monopoly status, basically have no incentive to accommodate the public in the matters discussed. In general, citizen groups have been unsuccessful in working directly with the utility companies, though some success has been achieved through court action. Moreover, the limited attempt to generate a successful forcing action through the legislative process was unsuccessful except that the effort provided a large amount of data that had heretofore been unavailable for analysis. The problems remain, however, and the public seems to be becoming increasingly aware of them. The undergrounding of urban power lines as a national policy would generate very significant benefits to the public. These benefits are such that in-depth studies to quantify the cost-benefits and for the development of logical methods for cost sharing are needed, The utility companies have no incentive to sponsor such studies as current laws do not require any consideration of societal costs. A reasonable approach, therefore, would be through state legislative action to open the electric power industry to full retail competition and let the market forces bring about this long overdue improvement. An alternative approach could be for legislatures to require utilities to operate in such a manner as to minimize the aggregate of societal costs associated with urban power delivery.
Dielectric and Magnetic Measurements on Ferrite Ceramics at Millimeter Waves

Transmittance measurements on 99.9% pure yttrium iron garnets, aluminum-substituted yttrium iron garnets, gadolinium-substituted yttrium iron garnets and nickel ferrite ceramics over a broad-band millimeter wave frequency range have been performed. The measurements have been done using a free-space, quasi optical millimeter wave spectrometer in transverse magnetic field up to 8 kOe. Magneto-optical approach has been successfully employed for the separation of dielectric and magnetic effects, so that complex magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity of ferrite materials can be determined simultaneously. Changes in magnetic permeability in transverse magnetic field due to the shift of ferromagnetic resonance to higher frequencies have been observed. Magnetic anisotropy and dissipation parameters have been calculated using Schloemann equation for partly magnetized ferrites. A high Q-factor Fabry-Perot open resonator system has also been employed for precise complex dielectric permittivity measurements of pure yttrium iron garnets and gadolinium substituted samples. A comparison of measured data and the measurement accuracy for both free-space quasi-optical technique and Fabry-Perot open resonator system have been performed.
The impact of surface states on the DC and RF characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HFETs

GaN based HFETs are of tremendous interest in applications requiring high power at microwave frequencies. Although excellent current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and record high output power densities at microwave frequencies have been achieved, the origin of the 2DEG and the factors limiting the output power and reliability of the devices under high power operation remain uncertain. Drain current collapse has been the major obstacle in the development of reliable high power devices. We show that the cause of current collapse is a charging up of a second virtual gate, physically located in the gate drain access region. Due to the large bias voltages present on the device during a microwave power measurement, surface states in the vicinity of the gate trap electrons, thus acting as a negatively charged virtual gate. The maximum current available from a device during a microwave power measurement is limited by the discharging of this virtual gate. Passivated devices located adjacent to unpassivated devices on the same wafer show almost no current collapse, thus demonstrating that proper surface passivation prevents the formation of the virtual gate. The possible mechanisms by which a surface passivant reduces current collapse and the factors affecting reliability and stability of such a passivant are discussed.
AN ENGAGED BUDDHIST RESPONSE TO JOHN RAWLS'S THE LAW OF PEOPLES

In The Law of Peoples, John Rawls proposes a set of principles for international relations, his “Law of Peoples.” He calls this Law a “realistic utopia,” and invites consideration of this Law from the perspectives of non-Western cultures. This paper considers Rawls’s Law from the perspective of Engaged Buddhism, the contemporary form of socially and politically activist Buddhism. We find that Engaged Buddhists would be largely in sympathy with Rawls’s proposals. There are differences, however: Rawls builds his view from the idea of independent nation‐states, while the Buddhists see the world more in terms of a single humankind, the members being highly interdependent with one another, and also with the physical world. The Buddhists would also push harder than Rawls for global structures building multilateralism, restrict more severely justifications for war and behavior in war, stress economic justice more heavily, and insist on all the human rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The heat capacity of hydrous cordierite above 295 K

The heat capacity of synthetic hydrous cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18·nH2O) has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from 295 to 425 K as a function of H2O content. Six samples with H2O contents ranging from 0 to 0.82 per formula unit were examined. The partial molar heat capacity of H2O in cordierite over the measured temperature interval is independent of composition and temperature within experimental uncertainty and is equal to 43.3 ±0.8 J/mol/ K. This value exceeds the molar heat capacity of gaseous H2O by 9.7 J/mol/K, but is significantly smaller than the heat capacity of H2O in several zeolites and liquid H2O. A statistical-mechanical model of the heat capacity of adsorbed gas species (Barrer 1978) is used to extrapolate the heat capacity of hydrous cordierite to temperatures greater than 425 K. In this model, the heat capacity of hydrous cordierite (Crd·nH2O) is represented as follows: Cp(Crd · nH2O) = Cp(Crd)+ n{Cp(H2O, gas)+ R(gas constant)} (1) An examination of calorimetric data for hydrous beryl, analcime, mordenite, and clinoptilolite (Hemingway et al. 1986; Johnson et al. 1982, 1991, 1992) demonstrates the general applicability of the statistical-mechanical model for the extrapolation of heat capacity data of zeolitic minerals. The heat capacity data for cordierite are combined with the data of Carey and Navrotsky (1992) to obtain the molar enthalpy of formation and enthalpy of hydration of hydrous cordierite as a function of temperature.
Creep and Stress Relaxation Modeling of Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites Reinforced by Nanoclay and Graphite Platelets

This article discusses the viscoelastic behavior of a vinyl ester (Derakane 411-350) reinforced with 1.25 and 2.5 wt % nanoclay and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets during short-term creep and relaxation tests with a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Linear viscoelastic models are generally composed of one or more elements such as dashpots and springs that represent the viscous and elastic properties. Stress relaxation data from the dynamic mechanical analyzer have been used to obtain the elastic parameters based on model constitutive equations. The standard linear solid model, which is a physical model, has been used for predicting the creep deformation behavior of the vinyl ester nanocomposites over a wide temperature range. Some correlations have been made with the mechanical model, such as the effect of temperature on the deformation behavior, which is well explained by the dashpot mechanism. At lower temperatures, higher creep compliance has been observed for the vinyl ester versus the nanocomposites, whereas at temperatures near the glass-transition temperature of the vinyl ester, creep compliance in the nanocomposites is closer in magnitude to that for the vinyl ester. The creep response of the pure vinyl ester and its nanocomposites appears to be modeled reasonably well at temperatures lower than their glass-transition temperatures. A comparison of the predictions and experimental data from the creep tests has demonstrated that this model can represent the long-term deformation behavior of these nanoreinforced materials reasonably well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Performance and Analyses of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls in the Tecomán, Mexico Earthquake

This paper discusses the performance and analysis of four mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall bridge approaches shaken by the 2003 Tecomn, Mexico earthquake. Strong shaking during the earthquake caused varying degrees of permanent displacement in several of the MSE walls. Immediately after the earthquake a geotechnical engineering reconnaissance team made detailed damage surveys of each wall. Complete design and construction data were later obtained. The analyses indicate that pullout of the upper reinforcement layers was the mechanism most likely responsible for the seismically induced deformation of the MSE walls. The upper layers of reinforcement were vulnerable to pullout because of the low levels of confining stress and the limited number of reinforcing elements per unit width. While pullout was the principal deformation mechanism, other factors contributing to deformation include large peak ground acceleration, more than twice the design value, and possible directional effects in the ground motion, which directed significant energy to the direction perpendicular to some of the walls. The latter finding concurs with observations made during the reconnaissance, where a clear directional bias was observed in the MSE wall deformations. The applicability and validity of the pseudostatic and sliding block methods of seismic analyses are discussed in light of the observed performance.
Neuroradiology back to the future: Head and neck imaging

SUMMARY: Imaging of the head and neck was initially described within the first year after Roentgen9s discovery of the x-ray and was used to localize foreign bodies in the head and neck area, including the orbital, laryngeal, and esophageal regions. Subsequently, x-rays were used to evaluate the air-filled paranasal sinuses, the pneumatized temporal bone, and the upper aerodigestive tract. Special views for evaluating these structures were developed by early investigators. As contrast agents were developed, a variety of invasive procedures were developed to assess the structures of the head and neck. CT and MR imaging were applied to the extracranial head and neck slightly later than the brain and spine; these modalities revolutionized head and neck radiology, finally allowing assessment of the deeper structures of this complex anatomic region.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of online motor correction processing revealed by high-density electroencephalography

The ability to control online motor corrections is key to dealing with unexpected changes arising in the environment with which we interact. How the CNS controls online motor corrections is poorly understood, but evidence has accumulated in favor of a submovement-based model in which apparently continuous movement is segmented into distinct submovements. Although most studies have focused on submovements' kinematic features, direct links with the underlying neural dynamics have not been extensively explored. This study sought to identify an electroencephalographic signature of submovements. We elicited kinematic submovements using a double-step displacement paradigm. Participants moved their wrist toward a target whose direction could shift mid-movement with a 50% probability. Movement kinematics and cortical activity were concurrently recorded with a low-friction robotic device and high-density electroencephalography. Analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activation and its correlation with movement kinematics showed that the production of each kinematic submovement was accompanied by (1) stereotyped topographic scalp maps and (2) frontoparietal ERPs time-locked to submovements. Positive ERP peaks from frontocentral areas contralateral to the moving wrist preceded kinematic submovement peaks by 220—250 msec and were followed by positive ERP peaks from contralateral parietal areas (140—250 msec latency, 0—80 msec before submovement peaks). Moreover, individual subject variability in the latency of frontoparietal ERP components following the target shift significantly predicted variability in the latency of the corrective submovement. Our results are in concordance with evidence for the intermittent nature of continuous movement and elucidate the timing and role of frontoparietal activations in the generation and control of corrective submovements.
A unit test architecture that traces variables of JavaScript programming

We introduce an architecture for unit tests that traces the values of output variables of JavaScript programming. We present an object model that describes the relationships between tracing and other programming components. We also present six types of tracing statements, implementation and automation approach. We created examples of XHTML and JavaScript programming to illustrate the implementation of the architecture.
Pharmacokinetic considerations for the therapeutic use of carnitine in hemodialysis patients

Clinical observations have suggested that carnitine supplementation may be beneficial to a subset of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. In the absence of definitive clinical trials, the clinician must decide for an individual patient whether a trial of carnitine therapy is justified. The institution of carnitine therapy is further complicated by the availability of oral and intravenous dosing forms and by the compound's complex pharmacokinetics. The oral systemic bioavailability of carnitine in normal subjects is 5% to 16%, with peak plasma carnitine concentrations reached 2 to 6 hours after dosing. Carnitine is initially distributed into extracellular water and then more slowly enters tissue compartments with complex kinetics. Elimination of carnitine is through the urine or dialysate. Intravenous carnitine administration results in large peak plasma concentrations and assures systemic bioavailability. Orally administered carnitine has been reported to have clinical efficacy in hemodialysis patients in doses of 2 to 4 g per day in divided doses. Intravenous carnitine has also been widely used in clinical trials in attempts to demonstrate efficacy in the hemodialysis population; however, the available data do not establish the superiority of the intravenous formulation over the oral form. Intravenous carnitine may have theoretical advantages in initiating treatment when high peak concentrations are required to facilitate carnitine reaching nonhepatic tissue sites or when oral carnitine therapy is not feasible due to poor tolerance or compliance. Although comparative trials are lacking, it is probable that oral therapy can be used for long-term maintenance, regardless of which formulation was used to initiate therapy. The decision to use carnitine therapy, as well as the dose and route of administration, requires individualization based on the clinical status of the patient and the goals of therapy.
A transient forward-targeting element for microneme-regulated secretion in Toxoplasma gondii.

Background information. Accurate sorting of proteins to the three types of secretory granules in Toxoplasma gondii is crucial for successful cell invasion by this obligate intracellular parasite. As in other eukaryotic systems, propeptide sequences are a common yet poorly understood feature of proteins destined for regulated secretion, which for Toxoplasma occurs through two distinct invasion organelles, rhoptries and micronemes. Microneme discharge during parasite apical attachment plays a pivotal role in cell invasion by delivering adhesive proteins for host receptor engagement. Results. We show here that the small micronemal proprotein MIC5 (microneme protein-5) undergoes proteolytic maturation at a site beyond the Golgi, and only the processed form of MIC5 is secreted via the micronemes. Proper cleavage of the MIC5 propeptide relies on an arginine residue in the P1′ position, although P1′ mutants are still cleaved to a lesser extent at an alternative site downstream of the primary site. Nonetheless, this aberrantly cleaved species still correctly traffics to the micronemes, indicating that correct cleavage is not necessary for micronemal targeting. In contrast, a deletion mutant lacking the propeptide was retained within the secretory system, principally in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). The MIC5 propeptide also supported correct trafficking when exchanged for the M2AP propeptide, which was recently shown to also be required for micronemal trafficking of the TgMIC2 (T. gondii MIC2)–M2AP complex [Harper, Huynh, Coppens, Parussini, Moreno and Carruthers (2006) Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 4551–4563]. Conclusion. Our results illuminate common and unique features of micronemal propeptides in their role as trafficking facilitators.
A revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Adetomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae)

The species-rank taxonomy of the genus Adetomyrma Ward, 1994 is revised. Nine species are distinguished with eightdescribed as new: A. aureocuprea sp. nov., A. bressleri sp. nov., A. caputleae sp. nov., A. cassis sp. nov., A. caudapinniger sp. nov., A. cilium sp. nov., A. clarivida sp. nov., A. goblin sp. nov. Worker-male associations are identified for all worker-basedspecies: A. bressleri, A. caputleae, A. goblin along with A. venatrix Ward, 1994 from which the male is described for the firsttime. Five new species are described only from males. An ergatoid queen of Adetomyrma is described for the first time. Keys to species for workers and males are given.
Electronic Properties in Semiconductor Heterostructures

Modern methods of epitaxial growth, (see, e.g., Chang and Ploog(1)) Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and Metallo-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), have provided the capability of fabricating a huge variety of thin (5–100 A) layers of different semiconductor compounds on a substrate, with interfaces of atomic precision. These semiconductor heterostructures generate a new set of physics as well as devices. These systems can be separated into two classes: 1. Heterojunctions and quantum wells: The former is composed of two compounds, denoted by A and B, with electrons (or holes) confined at the interface. The latter is a sandwich of the form ABA, where the central layer may or may not contain charge carriers depending on whether the system is doped or undoped. In both heterojunctions and quantum wells, the charge carriers are confined in two dimensions. The special features are high mobility, discrete levels in high normal magnetic fields and strong electron-electron interaction because of the enforced confinement. In this chapter, we shall examine the consequences of these characteristics. 2. Superlattices: A superlattice is composed of a periodic array of semiconductor compounds, e.g., of the form ABAB ..., in thin layers. Tunneling between barriers is an important characteristic. By contrast, a multiple quantum well of similar composition, ABAB ..., has wide barriers so that carriers are confined to separated wells. While some features of experimental observations can be explained by the simple Kronig-Penney model, for many important electronic properties in the superlattice the role of the interface is crucial. We shall study some of these issues here.
Influences of architectural and implementation choices on CyberInfrastructure quality—a case study

Abstract CyberInfrastructures (CIs) are complex socio-technical-economical systems that are difficult to describe, design, analyze, and evaluate. As one example, E-Health CIs are patient-centric community-serving systems that have particular regulations for information security, governance, resource management, scalability, and maintainability. We have built multiple successful E-Health interdisciplinary projects at the University of California, San Diego, including CY berinfrastructure for CO mparative effectiveness REsearch (CYCORE) for cancer clinical trials, P ersonal A ctivity L ocation M easurement S ystem (PALMS) for studying human activity patterns, CitiSense for sensing city pollution, and I ntegrating D ata for A nalysis, A nonymization, and SH aring (iDASH), which is a National Center for Biomedical Computing. These CIs have served their user communities well with respect to their projects’ goals and durations. Due to their shared requirements, these systems were all designed around the service bus-based Rich Services software architecture. However, there are also significant differences in how these CIs were designed and implemented, which might be informative to the community of CI developers. In this chapter, we detail our experience with developing E-Health CIs from the software quality perspective. We start from generic CI requirements along with domain and application-specific requirements, and we analyze the tradeoffs of development and deployment choices and propose a blueprint for next generation CIs. The main question that we answer is: How can we improve the quality of the next CIs by capitalizing on lessons learned, the best architectural and implementation choices, and reusing elements from previously existing systems? We present three contributions. First, we identify a set of activities and attributes that enable us to assess the quality of a CI with regard to important maintenance activities that are common to all CIs. These activities and attributes and the way we perform the evaluation are generic and can be applied to other projects and domains. Second, we analyze multiple projects and identify a set of common requirements for CIs and applications in the E-Health domain. We separate these requirements into common requirements that apply to all CIs, E-Health specific requirements that apply to CIs and most applications in the Health domain, and application-specific requirements. This separation makes many requirements reusable, and we expect that they will inform the development of future E-Health CIs and applications. Finally, we identify a set of architectural and implementation recommendations that will help developers create higher quality CIs for the E-Health domain.
Father of all destruction: The role of the white father in contemporary post-apocalyptic cinema

OF DISSERTATION FATHER OF ALL DESTRUCTION: THE ROLE OF THE WHITE FATHER IN CONTEMPORARY POST-APOCALYPTIC CINEMA Since September 11, 2001 a substantial number of English-language, postapocalyptic films have been released. This renewed interest in the genre has prompted scholars to examine the circumstances within western society that make post-apocalyptic films appealing to audiences. The popularity of these films derives from a narrative structure that reinforces conservative notions of good and bad and moral absolutism. The post-9/11, post-apocalyptic film typically features a white male hero who, in one way or another, reestablishes the pre-apocalyptic social order through proclamations of mandatory and prohibitive laws that must be adhered to by the survivors. The hero of post-apocalyptic film does not present any alternative to the pre-apocalyptic, white masculinist society, but instead appears motivated, if not ordained by narrative, to enforce the pre-apocalyptic rules and mores in a way that disregards the events and circumstances of the apocalypse itself. This dissertation uses psychoanalytic theory, starting with Sigmund Freud and continuing to theorists such as Slavoj Zizek, to investigate the motivations for survivors in post-apocalyptic films to form communities that return to early patriarchy, where prohibitive laws reinforce patriarchal authority through the mandates of the white male father figure.
Institutional Characteristics and Student Retention in Public 4-Year Colleges and Universities

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of specific student and institutional factors and characteristics on the retention of students at public, 4-year colleges and universities in the United States based on aggregate student cohort and institutional data. The overriding goal of this research was to identify any institutional characteristics that may improve student retention rates, which would provide administrators with valuable information for planning purposes. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to measure the relative effect of each of five blocks of independent variables on institutional student retention rates. Results of the study indicated that while entering student characteristics were most successful in explaining variances in retention rates among institutions, the various institutional characteristic blocks also had significant effects on student retention rates, to varying degrees. Results from this study may be instructive for college and university a...
Chapter 10 Oligopolistic Conduct

This chapter focuses on natural and contrived oligopolistic conduct in the senses in which I have defined these concepts. To my knowledge, no economist has ever offered an explicit definition of “oligopolistic conduct” or recognized my distinction between “natural” and “contrived” oligopolistic conduct. For this reason, I want to begin by setting out the way in which I define “oligopolistic conduct or interdependence,” by explaining the relationship between my definitions of these concepts and the way in which economists have implicitly defined them in use (e.g., when labeling certain pricing models oligopolistic pricing models), and by specifying my distinction between “natural” and “contrived” oligopolistic conduct.
Mediator Interactions Regulating Macrophage Secretion of Interleukin 1 and Interferon

The mononuclear phagocyte system plays a critical role in host resistance to infection. The capacity of mononuclear phagocytes to deal with microorganisms appears, however, to be under regulatory control rather than static. Two mediators which appear to act in the process of macrophage differentiation and activation are interferon and colony-stimulating factor(s) (CSF). A substantial body of evidence indicates that interferon stimulates a variety of macrophage functions including phagocytosis, spreading, killing of microorganisms and tumor cells (1) and, recently, la-antigen expression (2). The effects of CSF are, however, less well known. The purpose of the present communication is to discuss recent findings which indicate that CSF as well as interferon can participate in the process of macrophage activation.
Health beliefs about cancer. Among the Luiseño Indians of California.

Among numerous Luiseno Indians of San Diego County, California, cancer is considered to be any tumor or growth that is possibly life threatening. A medical anthropology research project reveals that current and former Luiseno cancer patients share illness causation theories distinct from those of their kin. The patients believe their bouts with cancer stem from genetic predilection and/or God's will. In contrast, other Luiseno band members who do not have cancer assert that almost all cancer is caused by either 1.) chemical pollutants in the air, water, and food; or 2.) prior biomedical treatments that have gone awry. Imbalances of both natural and bodily elements are generally traced to particular culprits. This paper will detail these variances of Luiseno cancer etiologies and their impact on prevention policies.
American Urological Association (AUA) - 111th Annual Meeting (May 6-10, 2016 - San Diego, California, USA).

The 111th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association (AUA) brought together a wide range of researchers in the field of urology to share knowledge and set standards in urological research. The meeting consisted of plenary, podium and moderated poster sessions, in which the latest research and advances in urologic medicine were presented. This report will highlight some of the presentations on therapeutic developments for a range of urological conditions.
Will You Stand for Me? Authentic Cariño and Transformative Rites of Passage in an Urban High School

This case study documents a small, urban high school that implements firewalks, innovative rites of passage in which low-income, racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse youth publicly reflect on their personal and academic development. Drawing from anthropological scholarship on rites of passage and scholarship on color-conscious care, I examine firewalks through a model of authentic carino, which incorporates interpersonal and institutional care and emphasizes the dynamic interplay of familial, intellectual, and critical care. Based on analyses of school culture and firewalk enactment, I argue that authentic carino is essential to nondominant students’ success and that rituals like firewalks productively help youth negotiate emergent cultural identities and develop collective social conscience, reflexivity, and agency.
Applying the Canonical Text Services Model to the Coptic SCRIPTORIUM

Coptic SCRIPTORIUM is a platform for interdisciplinary and computational research in Coptic texts and linguistics. The purpose of this project was to research and implement a system of stable identification for the texts and linguistic data objects in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM to facilitate their citation and reuse. We began the project with a preferred solution, the Canonical Text Services URN model, which we validated for suitability for the corpus and compared it to other approaches, including HTTP URLs and Handles. The process of applying the CTS model to Coptic SCRIPTORIUM required an in-depth analysis that took into account the domain-specific scholarly research and citation practices, the structure of the textual data, and the data management workflow.
INCB018424, an Oral, Selective JAK2 Inhibitor, Shows Significant Clinical Activity in a Phase I/II Study in Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) and Post Polycythemia Vera/Essential Thrombocythemia Myelofibrosis (Post-PV/ET MF).

Abstract Background: A mutation in the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 gene (JAK2 V617F) has been recognized in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorders, including PV (∼95% of patients), ET (∼50%) and PMF (∼50%). INCB018424 is a potent and orally bioavailable selective JAK2 inhibitor with >80-fold selectivity against a broad panel of kinases, including JAK3. INCB018424 potently inhibits JAK2 V617F mediated signaling and malignant cell survival in vitro and in vivo in mice. Preclinical safety studies with INCB018424 demonstrated an excellent safety profile with no off-target toxicities. Methods: A phase I/II trial of INCB018424 given orally BID is being conducted in patients with PMF and Post-PV/ET MF. Both JAK2 V617F and JAK2 wild type patients are eligible. PK and PD data are being collected. Responses are being evaluated using the International Working Group (IWG) consensus criteria for treatment response in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, for the IWG for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) (Tefferi et al., Blood , 108, 1497–1503, 2006). Results: The initial dose of 25 mg PO BID resulted in a rapid and marked reduction in splenomegaly. All 3 patients in the first cohort of patients achieved a reduction in spleen size that is consistent with a clinical improvement response provided it is sustained for 8 weeks; spleen sizes of 25, 22, and 7 cm below the left costal margin have decreased to 8, 10, and 0 cm in the first month of therapy. At two months follow-up, the patient with a baseline spleen size of 22 cm is now down to 2 cm. All 3 patients also noted significant symptomatic improvement. The second cohort of 3 patients started therapy at an increased dose (50 mg PO BID) and at one week follow-up, the initial two patients (one JAK2 wild type, one JAK2 V617F) had decreases in spleen size from 22 cm to 17 cm and from 22 cm to 16 cm, respectively. No dose-limiting toxicities or other significant adverse events occurred in any patients to date. PK/PD analyses demonstrated that administration of INCB018424 resulted in plasma drug concentrations sufficient to markedly inhibit JAK2, as shown by suppression of phosphorylated STAT3 (a substrate of JAK2) in whole blood cells in all 3 patients in the first cohort. The 3 patients in the first cohort were all JAK2 V617F mutation positive: percentages of JAK2 V617F positive whole blood cells before therapy were 79%, 49% and 91%, and after one month of therapy, they were 59%, 48% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions: Initial results show marked reduction in splenomegaly and symptomatic improvement, without significant toxicity. The percentage of blood cells with JAK2 V617F mutation appears to be decreasing in patients on therapy. Updated results on current and future patients will be presented at the meeting.
Helping Students Construct Robust Conceptual Models

Modeling Instruction has been practiced in science and mathematics classrooms across the United States and around the world for over 25 years. Force Concept Inventory (FCI) scores from over 30,000 students confirm that this approach is one of the most successful science education reforms in the last 50 years. Modeling Instruction arranges the subject area under study into a handful of basic conceptual models. Students working together in groups of three or four uncover, construct, test, and apply these models as they engage in carefully chosen laboratory activities followed by model exploration and deployment exercises.
Defining diversity: a critical discourse analysis of public educational texts

With this paper we present findings from a cultural studies project that aims to illuminate and define the various, sometimes overlapping, conceptions of diversity in public educational discourses....
SPECT and micro-CT imaging of an extremity leg-injury rat model

1204 Objectives To measure the bone vascularity with ex vivo micro-CT angiography and the blood perfusion of the surrounding tissue with in vivo SPECT imaging in an extremity leg-injury rat model. Methods A total of 5 groups of rats (n=8-10/group) were used; open bone fracture and crushing soft-tissue injuries were induced in the right thighs of all animals to simulate the features of combat injuries. The wounds of animals of all groups except group 4 were injected with bacteria right after injury. Groups 1-3 were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post injury, respectively, while a lead silicon contrast agent was injected immediately before euthanization. The injured bones were imaged with ex vivo micro-CT, and the vessel volumes were quantified. Groups 4 and 5 were imaged with SPECT at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post injury, when Tc-99m-BSA was injected at 3 hours before imaging; the blood perfusion was estimated by the total radioactivity in the injured region. Results The mean vessel volumes in the infected bones were 0.41±0.06, 1.67±0.49, and 2.07±0.67 mm3 at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post injury, respectively. The total radioactivity in the injured thighs of group 4 at 1, 2, and 4 weeks were 45±5%, 34±5%, and 31±4% higher than those in the contralateral thighs (served as control), respectively, with statistical significance at all time points (p Conclusions Blood perfusion was significantly higher in the injured legs over 4 weeks, while bacterial contamination increased it to a greater extent. However, the bone vascularity was low at one-week post injury, but increased gradually thereafter. These findings are consistent with clinical observation, so this animal model might be useful to study novel treatments for combat injuries.
Mechano: Stress and Strain

This chapter discusses the mechanical response, which pertains to the mechanical field in the context of multiphysics. We will first introduce the stress concept including its physical meaning and mathematical formulations. Then the concept of strain and its relationship to the displacement including the small strain theory will be explained. Followed will be the introduction to the constitutive relationship for linear elasticity. The stress, strain, and constitutive relationship will be integrated into the mechanical balance equation to obtain the governing equation for the mechanical field. Finally, an example will be given to demonstrate the implementation of the mechanical field.
Blind Multi-User Detection for Autonomous Grant-Free High-Overloading Multiple-Access without Reference Signal

In this paper, a novel blind multi-user detection( MUD) framework for autonomous grant-free(AGF) high-overloading non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is introduced in detail aimed at fulfilling the requirements of 5G massive Machine-Type Communication(mMTC)and beyond. From the perspective of the transmitter side,characteristics of diverse types of emerging grant-free transmission, particularly autonomous grant-free(AGF), are elaborated and presented in a comparative manner. In the receiver end, codeword-level successive interference cancellation (CL-SIC) is revealed as the main framework to perform MUD. In addition, underpinning state-of-art blind MUD techniques such as blind activity detection taking advantage of the statistics of the aggregate signals, blind equalization based on the simple geometric characteristics of low order modulation constellation symbols, and blind channel estimation employing the successfully decoded codewords are explained.