cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Psychology’s Contribution to a Sustainable Future

John Houghton (2011), the past chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scientific assessment committee, contends that global climate change is now “the greatest problem the world faces.” The IPCC conclusions—supported by the national science academies of the eleven most developed countries in the world—are undergirded by the most “thoroughly researched and reviewed” scientific effort in human history. The consensus facts are as follows:
Influence of vanadate on migrating fibroblast orientation within a fibrin matrix.

Treating rats with vanadate, a nonspecific inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, optimizes the uniform packing of collagen fiber bundles in wound granulation tissue and doubles wound breaking strength in rat incisional wounds. The speculation is vanadate optimizes the packing of collagen fiber bundles through the orientation of newly arrived wound fibroblasts in the fibrin clot filling the defect. Segments of 14 day chick embryo tendons were placed on fibrin clots and maintained in organ culture with and without 30 µM vanadate. On day 7 explants were examined histologically and biochemically. Tendon fibroblast outgrowth from untreated explants migrated in a random fashion, while fibroblasts from vanadate-treated explants migrated out in linear arrays. Fibroblasts were elongated by 20% form vanadate treated explant compared to controls. Myosin ATPase, required for optimal cell motility, is optimized by the phosphorylation of its myosin light chain (MLC). Western blot analysis of lysates from the fibroblasts that migrated into the fibrin showed vanadate increased MLC-P levles. These findings support the notion that vanadate promotes the deposition of regular, parallel collagen fiber bundles by advancing the orientation of fibroblasts in parallel linear arrays early in the wound repair process. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 72–76, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Emotional Response Profiles to Racial Discrimination: Does Racial Identity Predict Affective Patterns?

The present study examined the association between racial identity and patterns of emotional responses to blatant and subtle racial discrimination vignettes in a sample of 129 African American coll...
Hereditary Gynecologic Cancers: Risk Assessment, Counseling, Testing and Management

Gynecologists and gynecologic oncologists have a major role in identifying patients at increased risk of inherited cancer syndromes. Awareness of the biological and familial risk factors is useful in this practice, and can assist patients and families in navigating the follow-up for these complex disorders. Large national and international cohorts of women with known BRCA1/2 mutations or high risk continue to collect data in an attempt to better understand genetic risk, risk modifiers, and quality-of-life impact or screening, testing and risk reduction strategies. The Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 is beginning to identify other genetic modifiers of BRCA1/2 risk and cancer cluster regions in an attempt to better individualize site specific cancer risk and prevention strategies. The Gynecologic Oncology Group has initiated along-term follow-up study to the Gynecologic Oncology Group 199 protocol, which will continue to advance understanding of patient decisions, quality-of-life impact, and other genetic factors responsible for cancer initiation and progression. These and other large consortia are invaluable resources with massive datasets requiring herculean analyses that will continue to rapidly advance our present knowledge and management of women with hereditary cancer syndromes.
Non-conformal domain decomposition methods for time-harmonic Maxwell equations

We review non-conformal domain decomposition methods (DDMs) and their applications in solving electrically large and multi-scale electromagnetic (EM) radiation and scattering problems. In particular, a finite-element DDM, together with a finite-element tearing and interconnecting (FETI)-like algorithm, incorporating Robin transmission conditions and an edge corner penalty term, are discussed in detail. We address in full the formulations, and subsequently, their applications to problems with significant amounts of repetitions. The non-conformal DDM approach has also been extended into surface integral equation methods. We elucidate a non-conformal integral equation domain decomposition method and a generalized combined field integral equation method for modelling EM wave scattering from non-penetrable and penetrable targets, respectively. Moreover, a plane wave scattering from a composite mockup fighter jet has been simulated using the newly developed multi-solver domain decomposition method.
Characterization of Damp-Heat Degradation of CuInGaSe 2 Solar Cell Components and Devices by (Electrochemical) Impedance Spectroscopy

This work evaluated the capability of (electrochemical) impedance spectroscopy (IS, or ECIS as used here) to monitor damp heat (DH) stability of contact materials, CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) solar cell components, and devices. Cell characteristics and its variation of the CIGS devices were also examined by the ECIS.
Theoretical and experimental studies of the electron transfer reactions in the cytochrome chain. II. Fitting of the experimental data.

Abstract The experimental curves of cytochromes a , c , and c 1 were fitted to the kinetic model presented in the first part of this study. Quantitative agreement between the experiments and the model has been found. Estimation of the initial conditions for computer treatment of the cytochrome kinetics, the applicability of the nonlinear optimization program to the biological sciences and the determination of the errors with respect to the constants are presented.
Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes

Summary The increase in childhood obesity over the past several decades, together with the associated health problems and costs, is raising grave concern among health care professionals, policy experts, children’s advocates, and parents. Patricia Anderson and Kristin Butcher document trends in children’s obesity and examine the possible underlying causes of the obesity epidemic. They begin by reviewing research on energy intake, energy expenditure, and “energy balance,” noting that children who eat more “empty calories” and expend fewer calories through physical activity are more likely to be obese than other children. Next they ask what has changed in children’s environment over the past three decades to upset this energy balance equation. In particular, they examine changes in the food market, in the built environment, in schools and child care settings, and in the role of parents—paying attention to the timing of these changes. Among the changes that affect children’s energy intake are the increasing availability of energydense, high-calorie foods and drinks through schools. Changes in the family, particularly an increase in dual-career or single-parent working families, may also have increased demand for food away from home or pre-prepared foods. A host of factors have also contributed to reductions in energy expenditure. In particular, children today seem less likely to walk to school and to be traveling more in cars than they were during the early 1970s, perhaps because of changes in the built environment. Finally, children spend more time viewing television and using computers. Anderson and Butcher find no one factor that has led to increases in children’s obesity. Rather, many complementary changes have simultaneously increased children’s energy intake and decreased their energy expenditure. The challenge in formulating policies to address children’s obesity is to learn how best to change the environment that affects children’s energy balance.
Detecting and mitigating security anomalies

Summary form only given. Network and information security is of increasing concern as intruders utilize more advanced technologies, and attacks are occurring much more frequently. A simple intrusion can cause an enterprise financial disaster, a threat to national safety, or loss of human life. Network-based and computer-based intrusion detection systems (IDS's) started appearing some twenty years ago. Now, there are various synchronous and asynchronous tools for external and internal network and host intrusion detection and mitigation using models ranging from signature scanning and pattern matching, to statistical anomaly detection. Although modern tools are much more advanced, they still have many limitations, shortcomings, and open issues. Most tend to be focused on matching known patterns as opposed to discovery of new anomalies through, for example, inductive reasoning about potential anomaly signals. This talk discusses the issues, and the place of pro-active reasoning in the context of identification of security-related anomalies and issues.
Design trade-offs for single-ended vs. differential Class-E SiGe bipolar power amplifiers with through-wafer-vias at 2.4GHz

In this paper, we examine the design trade-offs of several Watt-level 2-stage single-ended and differential Class-E SiGe power amplifiers (PAs) at 2.4GHz. The circuits are designed in a 0.35µm IBM 5PAe SiGe BiCMOS technology with through-wafer-via (TWV) technology to minimize the detrimental parasitic ground inductance. SPICE simulations show that a 2-stage single-ended cascode PA can achieve high power gain of 30 dB with output power P sat /P 1dB =29.5/27dBm, peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 51%, with −30dBc 2nd order harmonics and −44dBc 3rd order harmonics for CW input. Using a low-loss output balun, a differential PA can deliver higher output power than its single-ended counterpart; however, our proposed TWV-aided single-ended PA exhibits much better PAE with a smaller die area than its differential PA counterpart. The advantage of the differential PA will diminish quickly when the loss of the required output balun reaches above 1dB.
An annual quasidifference approach to water price elasticity

[1] The preferred price specification for retail water demand estimation has not been fully settled by prior literature. Empirical consistency of price indices is necessary to enable testing of competing specifications. Available methods of unbiasing the price index are summarized here. Using original rate information from several hundred Texas utilities, new indices of marginal and average price change are constructed. Marginal water price change is shown to explain consumption variation better than average water price change, based on standard information criteria. Annual change in quantity consumed per month is estimated with differences in climate variables and the new quasidifference marginal price index. As expected, the annual price elasticity of demand is found to vary with daily high and low temperatures and the frequency of precipitation.
Sustainable millennials: attitudes towards sustainability and the material effects of interactive technologies

This paper describes the design and interprets the results of a survey of 435 undergraduate students concerning the attitudes of this mainly millennial population towards sustainability apropos of the material effects of information technologies. This survey follows from earlier work on notions of Sustainable Interaction Design (SID)---that is the perspective that sustainability can and should be a central focus within HCI. In so doing it advances to some degree the empirical resources needed to scaffold an understanding of the theory and principles of SID. The interpretations offered yield key insights about understanding different notions of what it means to be successful in a material sense to this population and specific design principles for creating interactive designs differently such that more sustainable behaviors are palatable to individuals of varying attitudes.
Late-Holocene relationships among fire, climate and vegetation in a forest-sagebrush ecotone of southwestern Idaho, USA:

The forest-sagebrush ecotone is characterized by a more arid climate than forested regions; therefore, establishing fire histories using traditional methods (e.g. fire-scars from trees, charcoal in lake sediments) is problematic. This study uses radiocarbon dating of charcoal preserved in alluvial deposits to reconstruct a record of fire and geomorphic response in southwestern Idaho. Samples indicate three primary periods of fire-related activity: 4400—4000, 2000—1400, and 650—400 cal. yr BP. Charcoal macrofossil identification and comparison with other regional records indicate this area has likely alternated between a ‘fuel-limited’ system (fires limited by lack of fuels), and a ‘moisture-limited’ system (fires limited by too much moisture) with changes in Holocene climate. Over the past ~2000 yr, samples from this site indicate most fires occurred during wetter times than the record average. During overall wetter periods, (e.g. ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA); 600—100 cal. yr BP) tree density may have increased...
Revision total knee arthroplasty in the young patient: is there trouble on the horizon?

Background: The volume of total knee arthroplasties, including revisions, in young patients is expected to rise. The objective of this study was to compare the reasons for revision and re-revision total knee arthroplasties between younger and older patients, to determine the survivorship of revision total knee arthroplasties, and to identify risk factors associated with failure of revision in patients fifty years of age or younger. Methods: Perioperative data were collected for all total knee arthroplasty revisions performed from August 1999 to December 2009. A cohort of eighty-four patients who were fifty years of age or younger and a cohort of eighty-four patients who were sixty to seventy years of age were matched for the date of surgery, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The etiology of failure of the index total knee arthroplasty and all subsequent revision total knee arthroplasties was determined. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the timing of the primary failure and the survivorship of revision knee procedures.Finally,multivariate Coxregressionwasusedtocalculateriskratiosfortheinfluenceofage,sex,BMI,andthe reason for the initial revision on survival of the revision total knee arthroplasty. Results: The most common reason for the initial revision was aseptic loosening (27%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19% to 38%) in the younger cohort and infection (30%; 95% CI = 21% to 40%) in the older cohort. Of the twenty-five second revisions in younger patients, 32% (95% CI = 17% to 52%) were for infection, whereas 50% (95% CI = 32% to 68%) of the twenty-six second revisions in the older cohort were for infection. Cumulative six-year survival rates were 71.0% (95% CI = 60.7% to 83.0%) and 66.1% (95% CI= 54.5% to 80.2%) for revisions in the younger and older cohorts, respectively. Infection and a BMI of ‡40 kg/m 2 posed the greatest risk of failure of revision procedures, with risk ratios of 2.731 (p = 0.006) and 2.934 (p = 0.009), respectively. Conclusions: Thesurvivorshipofkneerevisionsinyoungerpatientsisacauseofconcern,andthehigherratesofaseptic failure in these patients may be related to unique demands that they place on the reconstruction. Improvement in implant fixation and treatment of infection when these patients undergo revision total knee arthroplasty is needed. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Integrating Phylogenetic and Population Genetic Analyses of Multiple Loci to Test Species Divergence Hypotheses in Passerina Buntings

Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of DNA sequence data from 10 nuclear loci were used to test species divergence hypotheses within Passerina buntings, with special focus on a strongly supported, but controversial, sister relationship between Passerina amoena and P. caerulea inferred from a previous mitochondrial study. Here, a maximum-likelihood analysis of a concatenated 10-locus data set, as well as minimize-deep-coalescences and maximum-likelihood analyses of the locus-specific gene trees, recovered the traditional sister relationship between P. amoena and P. cyanea. In addition, a more recent divergence time estimate between P. amoena and P. cyanea than between P. amoena and P. caerulea provided evidence for the traditional sister relationship. These results provide a compelling example of how lineage sorting stochasticity can lead to incongruence between gene trees and species trees, and illustrate how phylogenetic and population genetic analyses can be integrated to investigate evolutionary relationships between recently diverged taxa.
Linaclotide, a synthetic guanylate cyclase C agonist, for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with constipation

Chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) are two functional gastrointestinal disorders that are associated with constipation. CC and IBS-C affect approximately 20% of the general population including the elderly, impairing quality of life. Patients not responding to over-the-counter treatments require effective and safe long-term therapies. Some treatments introduced in the last decade have been associated with side effects that led to withdrawal from the US market (e.g., tegaserod) or intolerance to treatment (e.g., nausea in patients treated with lubiprostone). Linaclotide is a novel drug, with a unique mechanism of action, low bioavailability and local action in the intestinal epithelial cells. It is currently being developed for patients with CC and IBS-C. From animal studies to human pharmacodynamic Phase Ib trials, and a comprehensive program of Phase IIb and III trials in health and disease, linaclotide demonstrates long-term efficacy and safety in CC and IBS-C.
Effect of Age on Silent Gap Discrimination in Synthetic Speech Stimuli

The difficulty that older listeners experience understanding conversational speech may be related to their limited ability to use information present in the silent intervals (i.e., temporal gaps) b...
Low-torque-ripple switched reluctance motors for direct-drive robotics

A contender for direct-drive application, the switched reluctance motor, is examined. It is first described how the number of teeth on the rotor and stator can be selected to achieve an electromagnetic gearing, with the goal of eliminating the need for a mechanical gearbox. It is also discussed how the tooth arcs of the rotor and stator can be adjusted so as to reduce the torque ripple of the motor during commutation. The treatment of these subjects includes a detailed case study in which the performance of four related motors is compared using finite-element analysis with a commutation algorithm for torque control. It is discovered that, although a tradeoff exists between peak torque and torque ripple, the maximum smooth torque and minimum torque ripple can be achieved by the same direct-drive motor design. >
Cross‐shelf passage of coastal water transport at the South Atlantic Bight observed with MODIS Ocean Color/SST

[1] Images of cross-shelf fronts of ocean color parameters and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) area are presented and analyzed. The ocean color parameters (K-490 and suspended solid concentration) and SST clearly indicate a penetrating front originating from the coastal water within the inner shelf. The front is triangular shaped with its broad base on the coast and its sharp end penetrating into the outer shelf and merging into the Gulf Stream, depicting a passage of coastal water transport across the shelf. This passage changes in position and orientation (from southwest-northeast to west-east). The horizontal Ekman number was estimated to be outside the limit of baroclinic instability, suggesting that the process is deterministic. Thus, the water transport passage may play a significant role in a non-diffusive transport process of heat and land-derived biogeochemical materials.
Long-term effects of a non-intensive weight program on body mass index and metabolic abnormalities of obese children and adolescents

Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of short-term, intensive weight-loss programs in obese children. We evaluated the long-term effects of a non-intensive weight management program on the BMI, glycemic measures and lipid profiles of obese youth. Retrospective chart review of 61 obese children followed at our Weight Management Center. During visits, dietary changes and regular physical activity were recommended. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were evaluated. At the initial visit, the mean age was 11.1 ± 2.6 years. The follow-up period was 47.3 ± 11.1 months; the number of outpatient visits per year (OV/yr) was 2.9 ± 0.9. At the end of the follow-up, the whole group exhibited decreased BMI z-score and LDL-cholesterol when compared to the initial visit. In the subset of subjects in whom OGTT was performed, 2-hour glucose and peak insulin were decreased. Compared to children with ≤ 2 OV/year, those with > 2 OV/year (3.19 ± 0.7) exhibited a significant decrease in their BMI z-score, LDL-cholesterol, 2-hour glucose, and peak insulin. Our study suggests that a periodical (~ 3 OV/yr) evaluation in a non-intensive, long-term weight management program may significantly improve the degree of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood.
Updated analysis: central venous access device infection rates in an expanded cohort of paediatric patients with severe haemophilia receiving prophylactic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

Introduction Central venous access devices (CVADs) are used in the care of paediatric haemophilic patients with difficult peripheral access, but their use is limited by complications such as infection. We previously published our experience with monthly recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) administration to CVADs of haemophilic patients as an intervention for infection prophylaxis, which suggested a 10-fold decrease in infection rate compared to published rates without r-tPA. Aim This study was conducted to assess the CVAD infection rate in an expanded haemophilia cohort receiving r-tPA over an extended period. Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients with haemophilia who received monthly r-tPA to CVADs, with data collected from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. The data were merged with the previously reported data set (collected from June 1, 1998 to December 31, 2007). Results Over the entire observation period, there were 46 350 CVAD days among 32 patients [26 severe factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency, six severe FIX deficiency]. Eight patients received immune tolerance therapy for inhibitors and 24 patients received prophylactic factor administration. No patients were HIV positive. Three infections were observed, with an overall infection rate of 0.06 infections per 1000 CVAD days. Conclusions A low CVAD infection rate, similar to that observed in our previous study (0.04 per 1000 CVAD days), was observed in this expanded haemophilia cohort treated with prophylactic r-tPA, supporting the use of monthly r-tPA as CVAD infection prophylaxis in haemophilia patients.
The Young Women's Program: A health and wellness model to empower adolescents with physical disabilities

Abstract Background This article introduces a comprehensive health and wellness program that serves young women, ages 14 to 21, with physical disabilities. The program is a component of the Initiative for Women with Disabilities (IWD), a hospital-based center serving women with physical disabilities/conditions that offers accessible gynecology, primary care, physical therapy, nutrition consultations, exercise and fitness classes, and wellness and social work services. Recent literature has shown that young women with physical disabilities often face physical and emotional barriers to their own health and wellness. This group of adolescents often has difficulty developing a healthy image of their bodies, especially compared with their able-bodied peers. Unhealthy attitudes regarding the body image and sexuality of those with physical differences are often perpetuated by the media, peers, and parents. People with disabilities have become increasingly able to live fulfilling lives in recent decades. This is due largely to studies that have confirmed that once barriers are addressed and minimized, young women with physical disabilities lead active and productive lives and have much to contribute to society. Methods The goal of the Young Women's Program (YWP), established in 2006, is to help young women adopt healthy lifestyles by exposing them to a carefully planned curriculum. The program provides a variety of classes and workshops, expert instruction, and access to resources and a network of peers and mentors. The ultimate goal is for the participants to apply the concepts learned in the group sessions to identify and evaluate their personal goals and develop health and wellness plans for achieving these goals. Results Data were obtained from several sources: a self-administered program evaluation, program recruitment and retention statistics, and an assessment of whether individual health and wellness goals were achieved. All of these measures indicate a favorable response to the program structure and content. Participants are able to integrate and apply the learned concepts to alter aspects of their daily lifestyles and improve their self-confidence, self-worth, and self-competence. Conclusions The results to date suggest that the YWP addresses the transitional challenges cited in the literature that young women with physical disabilities face from adolescence to adulthood. The structure of the program, which combines individual and group sessions, and the focused content appear to have a positive impact on the participants' lives by exposing them to experiences that promote self-determination and self-competence. By providing opportunities for socialization with peers and mentors and exposure to community resources, and by helping participants to develop self-care skills and to set goals for a healthy lifestyle, the program facilitates leading an independent life. The efficacy of the YWP will be determined by annual follow-up studies as participants enter adulthood.
A new particle swarm optimization technique

In this paper, a new particle swarm optimization method (NPSO) is proposed. It is compared with the regular particle swarm optimizer (PSO) invented by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995 based on four different benchmark functions. PSO is motivated by the social behavior of organisms, such as bird flocking and fish schooling. Each particle studies its own previous best solution to the optimization problem, and its group's previous best, and then adjusts its position (solution) accordingly. The optimal value will be found by repeating this process. In the NPSO proposed here, each particle adjusts its position according to its own previous worst solution and its group's previous worst to find the optimal value. The strategy here is to avoid a particle's previous worst solution and its group's previous worst based on similar formulae of the regular PSO. Under all test cases, simulation shows that the NPSO always finds better solutions than PSO.
The consequences of high levels of attachment security

Attachment security is known to have various positive outcomes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that security, especially high levels of it, may also have negative outcomes. Three studies tested this possibility. Studies 1 and 2 showed a linear rather than curvilinear trend between security and positive outcomes, suggesting that even at high levels security correlates with positive outcomes. Study 3, which focused on secure behaviors, found that exhibiting high levels of secure behaviors was related to a higher frequency of negative outcomes. However, dispositional attachment security was negatively correlated with negative outcomes, and engaging in secure behaviors strengthened this correlation. These findings suggest that secure behaviors rather than perceptions associated with attachment security (i.e., working models) may be related with negative outcomes.
Horseshoe Crab Research in Urban Estuaries: Challenges and Opportunities

Horseshoe crabs rely on estuaries for food resources, places to spawn and for larvae and juveniles to develop and grow. Many of these estuaries are becoming increasingly urbanized and dominated by human activity. An urban estuary is characterized by armored shorelines, high nutrient loads, large fluctuations in algal and bacteria populations, increased levels of pollutants like heavy metals and pesticides, and seasonally low oxygen levels and pH. While urban estuaries are challenging for horseshoe crab survival and to researchers trying to study them, there are also opportunities for involving the public in research and increasing public awareness of the importance of the conservation and survival of horseshoe crabs. Two recent studies in New York and Connecticut have involved citizen scientists to tag and gather valuable data on horseshoe crab population dynamics. It has been discovered that there is very low recruitment of new adults into the two urban estuaries studied and that spawning populations of horseshoe crabs are relatively low when compared to less disturbed more rural estuaries.
Multi-aperture digital coherent combining for next-generation optical communication receivers

Space terminals for free-space optical communication systems are under constant pressure to reduce their size, weight, and power profiles. Ground terminals with large collection areas are costly, but provide a means to reduce the aperture-power product on a space platform required to close a given link. We present a ground terminal receiver architecture in which many small apertures are coherently combined while maintaining excellent receiver sensitivity. This is accomplished via coherent detection behind each aperture followed by digitization. The digitized signals are then combined in a digital signal processing chain. Experimental results demonstrate lossless coherent combining of low-flux lasercom signals.
Absorption of heparin and cyanocobalamin from the rat lung.

SummarySolutions of heparin and cyanocobalamin were administered through a tight-fitting tracheal cannula into the lungs of anesthetized rats. The times necessary for 50% absorption from the lungs were 3 hr for cyanocobalamin and 9.2 hr for heparin. The absorption process did not become saturated when drug concentrations were raised 100 to 1000-fold, suggesting that both compounds are absorbed mainly by a process of simple diffusion. A comparison of pulmonary absorption rates and diffusion coefficients of heparin and cyanocobalamin with corresponding values reported previously for other lipoid-insoluble compounds indicated that observed absorption rates were close to the rates predicted for the two drugs based on their calculated diffusion coefficients and the view that absorption occurs mainly through membrane pores.
eComment. A note on proximal aortic control in the era of increasing endovascular aortic interventions.

I read with keen interest the article by Matsagkas and colleagues [1] proposing a bail-out technique in the management of open explantation of endografts with suprarenal fixation. The authors were able to successfully control the aorta in the supracoeliac position by puncturing the endograft after open exposure of the infrarenal aorta, facilitating explantation. The use of balloon occlusion catheters for control of the proximal aorta has been previously described [2], and is standard in the endovascular management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. The transfemoral route is generally utilized contralateral to the anticipated deployment of the main body; this is preferred in order to avoid potential complications due to risk of injury to the smaller calibre upper extremity arteries, as well as minimizing the stroke risk with manipulations near the aortic arch when a transbrachial or transaxillary route is selected [3]. Unfortunately, the increased emphasis given to training on the endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms has made younger vascular surgery trainees more uncomfortable navigating the abdomen and the retroperitoneum for quick and adequate open aortic exposure. This is a double-edged situation: more endografts are being placed but fewer individuals feel experienced or comfortable enough to manage open explantation with open supracoeliac control. Although ultimately vascular surgery trainees obtain the necessary operative open case volume, the frequency of repetition of open aortic procedures has decreased, in keeping with current management trends. Therefore, the proposed bail-out technique is quick and efficient, and should be in the armamentarium of any vascular surgeon. Conflict of interest: none declared
Coupling of Length Scales: Hybrid Molecular Dynamics and Finite Element Approach for Multiscale Nanodevice Simulations

A hybrid molecular-dynamics/finite-element simulation scheme is applied to describe multiscale phenomena in nanodevices. The quality of both static and dynamic coupling between atomistic and continuum regions is studied. The hybrid scheme is used for the Si/Si3N4 interface problem (static coupling), and for the projectile impact on Si problem (dynamic coupling). Excellent agreement is found between hybrid and full molecular dynamics simulation results in the static case, and no wave reflections are found at the atomistic/continuum hand-shake in the dynamic case. The hybrid scheme is thus validated a powerful and cost effective method for performing multiscale simulations of nanodevices.
The Millennium Cities Initiative: An Experiment in Integrated Urban Development

Ever more critical since mid-2008, when more than half the world’s population was first recorded as living in cities, effective urban development is key to advancing the public health and global development as a whole. Yet no proven solutions exist to meet this burgeoning set of challenges. This is an era of experimentation, with many, largely single-sector approaches, most of which attempt to implement ideas and technologies developed elsewhere to meet quite specific needs on the ground. This chapter examines one integrated, bottom-up approach that both helps cities determine their most urgent priorities and the costs of meeting them and adapts or develops targeted interventions aimed at addressing each city’s needs in the areas of public health, water and sanitation, education, gender parity, private sector development, and urban planning and design.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: II. Philippe Pinel: The Man and His Time:

This historical study conveys the social, political, and intellectual background of Philippe Pinel, world renowned for his psychiatric reforms, his scientific analysis, and observational methods of...
Criminal responsibility: an action language approach.

Traditionally, the propositions of psychiatry are said to be in conflict with those of the law since psychiatry assumes a "psychic determinism" and the law assumes freedom of the will (Stone, 1978). An argument always arises over the insanity defense since it bridges psychiatry and the law. But one may hold that there is nothing intrinsic to psychiatry which requires causally stated propositions. By formulating psychiatric propositions in a different form, specifically by adopting the action language of Roy Schafer (1976a), there need be no incompatibility between psychiatric and legal statements about criminal responsibility. Language: en
Inducing mental set constrains procedural flexibility and conceptual understanding in mathematics.

An important goal in mathematics is to flexibly use and apply multiple, efficient procedures to solve problems and to understand why these procedures work. One factor that may limit individuals’ ability to notice and flexibly apply strategies is the mental set induced by the problem context. Undergraduate (N = 41, Experiment 1) and fifth- and sixth-grade students (N = 87, Experiment 2) solved mathematical equivalence problems in one of two set-inducing conditions. Participants in the complex-first condition solved problems without a repeated addend on both sides of the equal sign (e.g., 7 + 5 + 9 = 3 + _), which required multistep strategies. Then these students solved problems with a repeated addend (e.g., 7 + 5 + 9 = 7 + _), for which a shortcut strategy could be readily used (i.e., adding 5 + 9). Participants in the shortcut-first condition solved the same problem set but began with the shortcut problems. Consistent with laboratory studies of mental set, participants in the complex-first condition were less likely to use the more efficient shortcut strategy when possible. In addition, these participants were less likely to demonstrate procedural flexibility and conceptual understanding on a subsequent assessment of mathematical equivalence knowledge. These findings suggest that certain problem-solving contexts can help or hinder both flexibility in strategy use and deeper conceptual thinking about the problems.
Isozyme variation in four populations of Penaeus chinensis shrimp

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the isozyme genetic variation in Penaeus chinensis shrimp. Each 50 individuals from two wild geographic populations distributed in the China Coast of the Yellow Sea (YP) and the western coast of Korean Peninsula (KP), and from two cultivated populations (CP 1 and CP 2) were surveyed. Of 20 loci encoding 12 enzymes, four are polymorphic. The mean proportions of polymorphic loci ( P 0.99 ) of YP, KP, CP 1 and CP 2 are 15%, 20%, 10% and 20% with the average heterozygosities ( H o ) of 0.014±0.007, 0.020±0.010, 0.010±0.007 and 0.033±0.017, respectively. The mean effective allele number ( Ne ) of these four populations are 1.015±0.008, 1.023±0.011, 1.011±0.007 and 1.042±0.022 while the heterozygous divergent indexes ( D ) of them value +0.037, -0.030, -0.098 and -0.030, respectively. The genetic similarity index ( I ) and genetic distance ( D nei ) between two wild geographic populations are 0.99998 and 0.00002, respectively.
TH-C-BRB-02: Open Source Medical Devices: Lessons Learned From a Complex Collaborative Research Project

By definition, Open Source Hardware (OSH) is “hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design”. The advantages of OSH are multiple and the movement has been growing exponentially over the last couple years, leading to the spread and evolution of 3D printing technologies, the creation of affordable and easy to use micro-controller boards (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc.), as well as a plurality of other “hands-on”/DIY projects. As we have seen over the past few years with 3D printing, where the number of projects benefiting clinical practice as grown significantly, the highly educated and technology savvy Medical Physics community is positioned to take advantage of and benefit from paradigm-shifting movements. Sharing of knowledge, know-how, and technology can be a key factor in furthering the impact medical physicists can have. Whether it is to develop phantoms, applicators, detector holders or devices based on the use of motors and sensors, sharing design files significantly enables further development. Because these designs would be massively peer-reviewed through their online publication, improvements would be made, and the creators of the design would be rewarded with an increase number of citation of their work. A curated database of software and hardware projects can be an invaluable to the field, but a critical mass of contributors is likely needed to guarantee the most impact. This symposium will discuss the benefits and hurdles for such an endeavor. Learning Objectives: 1.Learn how an open source hardware architecture functions including intellectual property rights; 2.Learn how open source hardware projects can impact the medical physics field and be introduced to successful applied examples; 3.Learn about projects currently being undertaken by researchers in the field that promise to provide a platform for collaborative sharing of open source hardware in medical physics.
Plato on the Rhetoric of Philosophers and Sophists: The Dialectical Development of the Philosopher and Sophist in the Republic

The Republic is an excellent resource for drawing a contrast between the rhetoric of the sophist and of the philosopher. Its first book includes a dramatic conflict between the sophist Thrasymachus and the philosopher Socrates, while its middle books provide a detailed account of the nature of each. The dialogue contrasts and compares them through both its drama and abstract descriptions. In this chapter, I argue that Plato develops his presentation of the philosopher and the sophist dialectically. The initial books deliberately set up Socrates to look a bit like a sophist and Thrasymachus to look a bit like a philosopher. While the middle books suggest that the philosopher and sophist stem from the same nature, Plato differentiates them by the philosopher's love of the forms and his possession of moral and intellectual virtues. However, because sophists do not even acknowledge that the forms exist, the philosopher is separable from the sophist only from the viewpoint of the philosopher. From the sophist's viewpoint, a philosopher is merely a deficient sophist. Philosophy is a normative rather than descriptive standpoint, grounded upon key moral and theoretical commitments. This chapter proceeds in three main parts. First, I examine the way in which Book One presents Thrasymachus as similar in certain respects to philosophers and Socrates as similar in certain respects to sophists. Second, I trace the dialectical development of the philosopher and sophist from the Republic Books Two through Seven.
Associations of Affective Responses During Free-Living Physical Activity and Future Physical Activity Levels: an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Affective response during physical activity may influence motivation to perform future physical activity behavior. However, affective response during physical activity is often assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. The current study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture affective responses during free-living physical activity performed by adults, and determined whether these affective responses predict future moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels after 6 and 12 months. At baseline, electronic EMA surveys were randomly prompted across 4 days asking about current activities and affective states (e.g., happy, stressed, energetic, tired). Affective response during physical activity was operationalized as the level of positive or negative affect reported when concurrent physical activity (e.g., exercise or sports) was also reported. Data were available for 82 adults. Future levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured using accelerometers, worn for seven consecutive days at 6 and 12 months after the baseline assessment. Feeling more energetic during physical activity was associated with performing more minutes of daily MVPA after both 6 and 12 months. Feeling less negative affect during physical activity was associated with engaging in more daily MVPA minutes after 12 months only. This study demonstrated how EMA can be used to capture affective responses during free-living physical activity. Results found that feelings more energetic and less negative during physical activity were associated with more future physical activity, suggesting that positive emotional benefits may reinforce behavior.
The Cascading Effects of Marginalization and Pathways of Resilience in Attaining Good Health Among LGBT Older Adults.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults comprise a diverse and growing health disparate population. In the present study, using the Health Equity Promotion Model, we investigated pathways by which LGBT older adults experience resilience, risk, and marginalization and their relationship to attaining positive health outcomes. DESIGN AND METHODS Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS) is the first longitudinal research project designed to examine the health, aging, and well-being of LGBT adults aged 50 and older. Using data from 2014 (N = 2,415), we tested a structural equation model linking lifetime marginalization, identity affirmation and management, social and psychological resources, and health behaviors to positive health outcomes. RESULTS Identity affirmation positively predicted social resources and mental health, and social resources positively predicted mental health. Marginalization was associated with fewer social resources for LGBT older adults with an open identity management style, lower identity affirmation for LGBT older adults who strategically concealed their sexual identity, and poorer mental health. Mental health was associated with better health behaviors, which in turn predicted positive physical health outcomes. IMPLICATIONS Although a health disparate population, good health among LGBT older adults appears to be attained via multiple resilience and risk pathways. Providers must remain aware of the historical contexts in which LGBT older adults lived and the strengths they developed in order to understand their health and to develop tailored and targeted prevention and intervention services.
Abstract TP167: Short-Term Exposures to Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke

Background: Recurrent strokes are associated with poor outcomes and mortality. Short-term ambient air pollution may be an important environmental risk factor for stroke recurrence. Although associa...
Theory of coupled resonator optical waveguides exhibiting high-order exceptional points of degeneracy

We present an approach and a theoretical framework for generating high-order exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs) in photonic structures based on periodic coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs). Such EPDs involve the coalescence of Floquet-Bloch eigenwaves in CROWs, without the presence of gain and loss, which contrasts with the parity-time symmetry required to develop exceptional points based on gain and loss balance. The EPDs arise here by introducing symmetry breaking in a conventional chain of coupled resonators through periodic coupling to an adjacent uniform optical waveguide, which leads to unique modal characteristics that cannot be realized in conventional CROWs. Such remarkable characteristics include high quality factors ($Q$ factors) and strong field enhancement, even without any mirrors at the two ends of a cavity. We show for the first time the capability of CROWs to exhibit EPDs of various orders, including the degenerate band edge (DBE) and the stationary inflection point. The proposed CROW of finite length shows an enhanced quality factor when operating near the DBE, and the $Q$ factor exhibits an unconventional scaling with the CROW's length. We develop the theory of EPDs in such unconventional CROW using coupled-wave equations, and we derive an analytical expression for the dispersion relation. The proposed unconventional CROW concepts have various potential applications including $Q$ switching, nonlinear devices, lasers, and extremely sensitive sensors.