cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unified AC model for the resonant tunneling diode

A physics-based model is shown to yield the small-signal equivalent circuit of the resonant tunneling diode (RTD) including an analytic expression for both the quantum inductance and capacitance. This model unifies previous models by Brown et al. for quantum inductance and by Lake and Yang for quantum capacitance, and extends the RTD SPICE model of Broekaert. The equivalent circuit has been fit to both current-voltage and microwave S-parameter measurements of AlAs-InGaAs-InAs-InGaAs-AlAs RTDs from 45 MHz to 30 GHz and over biases from 0 to 0.81 V. Good agreement between the model and measurement is shown.
Model Uncertainty and Bayesian Model Averaged Benchmark Dose Estimation for Continuous Data

The benchmark dose (BMD) approach has gained acceptance as a valuable risk assessment tool, but risk assessors still face significant challenges associated with selecting an appropriate BMD/BMDL estimate from the results of a set of acceptable dose-response models. Current approaches do not explicitly address model uncertainty, and there is an existing need to more fully inform health risk assessors in this regard. In this study, a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) BMD estimation method taking model uncertainty into account is proposed as an alternative to current BMD estimation approaches for continuous data. Using the "hybrid" method proposed by Crump, two strategies of BMA, including both "maximum likelihood estimation based" and "Markov Chain Monte Carlo based" methods, are first applied as a demonstration to calculate model averaged BMD estimates from real continuous dose-response data. The outcomes from the example data sets examined suggest that the BMA BMD estimates have higher reliability than the estimates from the individual models with highest posterior weight in terms of higher BMDL and smaller 90th percentile intervals. In addition, a simulation study is performed to evaluate the accuracy of the BMA BMD estimator. The results from the simulation study recommend that the BMA BMD estimates have smaller bias than the BMDs selected using other criteria. To further validate the BMA method, some technical issues, including the selection of models and the use of bootstrap methods for BMDL derivation, need further investigation over a more extensive, representative set of dose-response data.
Metabolic modeling of species interaction in the human microbiome elucidates community-level assembly rules

The human microbiome plays a key role in human health and is associated with numerous diseases. Metagenomic-based studies are now generating valuable information about the composition of the microbiome in health and in disease, demonstrating nonneutral assembly processes and complex co-occurrence patterns. However, the underlying ecological forces that structure the microbiome are still unclear. Specifically, compositional studies alone with no information about mechanisms of interaction, potential competition, or syntrophy, cannot clearly distinguish habitat-filtering and species assortment assembly processes. To address this challenge, we introduce a computational framework, integrating metagenomic-based compositional data with genome-scale metabolic modeling of species interaction. We use in silico metabolic network models to predict levels of competition and complementarity among 154 microbiome species and compare predicted interaction measures to species co-occurrence. Applying this approach to two large-scale datasets describing the composition of the gut microbiome, we find that species tend to co-occur across individuals more frequently with species with which they strongly compete, suggesting that microbiome assembly is dominated by habitat filtering. Moreover, species’ partners and excluders exhibit distinct metabolic interaction levels. Importantly, we show that these trends cannot be explained by phylogeny alone and hold across multiple taxonomic levels. Interestingly, controlling for host health does not change the observed patterns, indicating that the axes along which species are filtered are not fully defined by macroecological host states. The approach presented here lays the foundation for a reverse-ecology framework for addressing key questions concerning the assembly of host-associated communities and for informing clinical efforts to manipulate the microbiome.
Managing Traffic Growth in Telecom Mesh Networks (Invited Paper)

Telecom mesh networks require periodic upgrades to support increasing traffic. Such upgrades, which are known as network engineering (NE), determine the network resources that must be provided to meet the network performance while minimizing the network cost. To handle traffic growth, we introduce a new parameter namely network-cut exhaustion probability. We develop a method to calculate this parameter and evaluate specific upgrade requirements of telecom mesh network.
Dynamic regulation of alveolar morphogenesis in mature lungs.

the article by Massaro et al., one of the current articles in focus (Ref. [6][1], see p. [L896][2] in this issue), provides several fascinating intellectual challenges. Since the pioneering work of Sahebjami et al. ([10][3], [11][4]) almost 25 years ago, it has been known that caloric restriction
Does Inhalation of Ultrafine Particles Cause Pulmonary Vasular Effects in Humans

Inhalation of ambient particulate matter increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Clinical studies play an important role in elucidating mechanisms for pollutant effects, and in establishing ambient air quality standards. Ultrafine particles (UFP; diameter <100 nm) may be important in the cardiovascular effects of ambient PM, yet there are few clinical studies of UFP health effects. Our laboratory has developed an exposure facility for clinical studies of laboratory-generated UFP. We confirmed previous predictions that UFP <50 nm in diameter deposit in the respiratory tract with a high efficiency, and have shown that exercise or the presence of asthma further increases UFP deposition. UFP exposure with exercise reduced expression of selected adhesion molecules on blood leukocytes, and also decreased the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. These findings are best explained by UFP effects on pulmonary vascular function. These findings provide a possible mechanism by which inhalation of UFP may contribute to cardiopulmonary health effects in susceptible people.
Methazolamide and Melatonin Inhibit Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Release and Are Neuroprotective in Experimental Models of Ischemic Injury

Background and Purpose— The identification of a neuroprotective drug for stroke remains elusive. Given that mitochondria play a key role both in maintaining cellular energetic homeostasis and in triggering the activation of cell death pathways, we evaluated the efficacy of newly identified inhibitors of cytochrome c release in hypoxia/ischemia induced cell death. We demonstrate that methazolamide and melatonin are protective in cellular and in vivo models of neuronal hypoxia. Methods— The effects of methazolamide and melatonin were tested in oxygen/glucose deprivation–induced death of primary cerebrocortical neurons. Mitochondrial membrane potential, release of apoptogenic mitochondrial factors, pro–IL-1β processing, and activation of caspase -1 and -3 were evaluated. Methazolamide and melatonin were also studied in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. Infarct volume, neurological function, and biochemical events were examined in the absence or presence of the 2 drugs. Results— Methazolamide an...
Regiospecific O-Methylation of Naphthoic Acids Catalyzed by NcsB1, an O-Methyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotic Neocarzinostatin

Neocarzinostatin, a clinical anticancer drug, is the archetypal member of the chromoprotein family of enediyne antitumor antibiotics that are composed of a nonprotein chromophore and an apoprotein. The neocarzinostatin chromophore consists of a nine-membered enediyne core, a deoxyaminosugar, and a naphthoic acid moiety. We have previously cloned and sequenced the neocarzinostatin biosynthetic gene cluster and proposed that the biosynthesis of the naphthoic acid moiety and its incorporation into the neocarzinostatin chromophore are catalyzed by five enzymes NcsB, NcsB1, NcsB2, NcsB3, and NcsB4. Here we report the biochemical characterization of NcsB1, unveiling that: (i) NcsB1 is an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase; (ii) NcsB1 catalyzes regiospecific methylation at the 7-hydroxy group of its native substrate, 2,7-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid; (iii) NcsB1 also recognizes other dihydroxynaphthoic acids as substrates and catalyzes regiospecific O-methylation; and (iv) the carboxylate and its ortho-hydroxy groups of the substrate appear to be crucial for NcsB1 substrate recognition and binding, and O-methylation takes place only at the free hydroxy group of these dihydroxynaphthoic acids. These findings establish that NcsB1 catalyzes the third step in the biosynthesis of the naphthoic acid moiety of the neocarzinostatin chromophore and further support the early proposal for the biosynthesis of the naphthoic acid and its incorporation into the neocarzinostatin chromophore with free naphthoic acids serving as intermediates. NcsB1 represents another opportunity that can now be exploited to produce novel neocarzinostatin analogs by engineering neocarzinostatin biosynthesis or applying directed biosynthesis strategies.
A planning system for blocks-world domain

We present a planning system for the blocks-world domain. An important component of the system is a whole priority list, which guides the system in selecting suitable sub-goals in solving a given problem. This system is entirely different from existing systems, which are primarily based on either backtracking or on invariant intermediate states or random selection of subgoals. This system selects sub-goals in a systematic fashion. It generates a plan in polynomial time if there is no deadlock. The system has been implemented using Common Lisp. A graphical user interface is incorporated for the convenient specification of user inputs.
Models for contacts to planar devices

Abstract Two basic models for rectangular contacts to planar devices, the Kennedy-Murley Model (KMM) and the Transmission Line Model (TLM) are discussed and compared. The KMM does not take into account the interface resistance between metal and semiconductor, whereas the TLM disregards the vertical structure of the semiconductor layer. An extension of the TLM is derived (ETLM), which approximately considers this vertical structure. KMM and TLM thus appear as special cases of the ETLM. The calibration of the latter on the KMM then yields a simple quantitative criterion for the applicability of the KMM or the pure TLM. Measurement results on typical aluminum-silicon contacts are described satisfactorily by the (E)TLM. Concurrently with the applicability criterion, the KMM proves inadequate for these contacts due to the disregard of interface resistance. Conclusions are derived from the TLM pertaining to current distribution over the contact area and to contact resistance. In particular, the contacts are classified according to their operation mode. Finally, the TLM approach is applied also to circular contacts.
Arthroscopic Scapulothoracic Decompression for Snapping Scapula Syndrome

Snapping scapula syndrome at the superomedial corner of the scapula can lead to significant shoulder dysfunction. Bursectomy with or without partial scapulectomy is currently the most beneficial primary method of treatment in patients in whom nonoperative therapy fails. Arthroscopic access to the scapulothoracic space is simple and reproducible with the technique described in this report. The bursal tissue can be cleared, optimizing visualization of the scapulothoracic space and the anatomic structures. Arthroscopic decompression of the scapulothoracic bursa and resection of the superomedial corner of the scapula are highlighted in a video example.
Embryonic stem cells for neural replacement therapy: prospects and challenges.

Injury or degeneration of the vertebrate central nervous sytem often disrupts neuronal circuitry that is built by projection neurons during early embryonic life. Repair of neural network through regeneration of these early-born projection neurons in adult life often fails since stem cells residing in the adult brain are generally programmed to give rise to late-born interneurons. Thus, exogenous cells are needed to rebuild the neural circuitry. Nevertheless, cell replacement in the brain remains a challenging goal because of the lack of safe and effective donor cells, as well as difficulty in remodeling the nonneurogenic adult CNS environment. Here I will concentrate on the donor side and discuss how recent advancement in stem cell technology offers hope for transplant therapy, with a focus on the potentials and hurdles of human embryonic stem cells as a sustainable source.
The Restatement of the Law of Liability Insurance as a Restatement

This is an Introduction to volume 68, issue 1 of the Rutgers University Law Review which published papers from a conference on the American Law Institute’s Restatement of the Law of Liability Insurance held on February 27, 2015 at Rutgers Law School in Camden, New Jersey. Sponsored by the Rutgers Center for Risk and Responsibility and co-sponsored by the Institute for Professional Education, the conference engaged academics and practicing lawyers in a discussion of the issues raised by the Restatement.This Introduction first describes the articles in the symposium, the topics into which they fall, and the papers of other speakers who participated in the conference. Because only a few months prior to the conference the ALI Council had changed the project from a Principles project into a Restatement, many participants framed their analysis in light of the project’s new status as a Restatement. Part II of the Introduction highlights this feature of the articles and discusses the nature of a Restatement and the ALI process that produces Restatements. The concept of “Restating” the law with a capital “R” has always been controversial, in concept and in application. This Introduction offers four propositions about Restatements, using the Restatement of the Law of Liability Insurance as an illustration: A. Restatements address easy cases and hard cases; B. Precedent matters for a Restatement; C. A Restatement is about weighing, not counting; D. A Restatement is a product of the ALI process.
Modeling the effect of habitat selection mechanisms on population responses to landscape structure

Abstract Novel habitats can become ecological traps for mobile animals if individuals consistently select them over habitats with better fitness consequences. Due to challenges with the measurement of habitat selection and quality, ecological traps are difficult to study in the field. Previous modeling approaches have overlooked the importance of selection cues as a key component in the mechanisms giving rise to ecological traps. We created a spatially explicit, individual-based simulation model to evaluate the effects of landscape structure on population dynamics of a hypothetical species under two mechanisms of habitat selection. In habitat-based selection, individuals preferred high-quality patches (leading to adaptive outcomes), selected patches at random (equal-preference) or preferred lower-quality patches (severe ecological traps). In cue-based selection they chose based on a structural attribute that was not directly related to fitness (canopy cover). We applied the model to the case of resident birds in landscapes composed of remnant forests and shade coffee agriculture. We designed simulation experiments with scenarios varying in landscape composition, configuration, search area and criteria for habitat preference. While all factors affected population size and individual fitness, the most important variables were proportion of high-quality habitat in the landscape, criteria for habitat preference and their interaction. The specific arrangement of habitat patches and search area had weaker and sometimes unexpected effects, mainly through increasing outcome variance. There was more variation among scenarios when selection was habitat-based than cue-based, with outcomes of the latter being intermediate between those of adaptive and equal-preference choices. Because the effects of ecological traps could be buffered by increasing the amount of high-quality habitat in the landscape, our results suggest that to truly understand species adaptation to habitat transformation we must always include landscape context in our analyses, and make an effort to find the appropriate scales and cues that organisms use for habitat selection.
Growth and Development of the Cheese Skipper Under Sterile, Unsterile, and Sterile-Inoculated Conditions

Experiments were designed to compare growth and development of Piophila casei (L.) under sterile, unsterile, and sterile-inoculated conditions. A millipore-filter modification of an egg-sterilization technique was used. In unsterile treatments, eggs were washed only in tap water. For the sterile-inoculated condition, eggs were sterilized and inoculated with 0.5 ml of a 5-h culture of Proteus mutgaris (VPI strain no. 3). Chicken embryos served as growth medium. Use of the millipore-filter technique eliminated the transfer of eggs from one chemical to another, and allowed continual checks of egg survival. The results indicate that the normal flora accompanying eggs has no beneficial influence on the growth and development of P. casei, and that limiting the number of bacteria present may be advantageous to the insect. P. vulgaris has very little influence on growth and development of the cheese skipper.
Transient Three-Dimensional Orientation of Molecular Ions in an Ordered Polyelectrolyte Membrane

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is employed to reveal 3D details of the mechanisms underpinning ion transport in a polyelectrolyte thin film possessing polymer-brush nanoscale order. The ability to resolve fluorescence emission over three discrete polarization angles reveals that these ordered materials impart 3D orientation to charged, diffusing molecules. The experiments, supported by simulations, report global orientation parameters for molecular transport, track dipole angle progressions over time, and identify a unique transport mechanism: translational diffusion with restricted rotation. In general, realization of this experimental method for translational diffusion in systems exhibiting basic orientation should lend itself to evaluation of transport in a variety of important, ordered, functional materials.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Oxygen Separation from Air over Ni-Transition Metal Complexes

The separation of O2 from air over nickel-transition metal complexes has been studied using in situ infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, volumetric gas sorption, and quantum chemical simulation methods. Exposure of O2 to the solid Ni-transition metal complexes produces a reactive oxygen species at ambient temperatures. The infrared transient responses, during the absorption process, indicate that the ligand groups interact with oxygen, producing both weakly bound and strongly bound oxygen species. The results indicate that the reactive oxygen interacts weakly with the cyanide ligand groups, which are easily removed during the pressure swing absorption/desorption process at 298 K and 689.5 kPa. Temperature-programmed desorption revealed that the oxygen absorbed at the Ni center was bound stronger than the ligand-bound oxygen, evidenced by its removal at 393 K and the disappearance of a hydrogen-bonded species. The results obtained for the absorption/desorption process suggest that t...
Characteristics of Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Undergoing Tracheotomy: A Secondary Analysis of the Trial of Late Surfactant Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Tracheotomy is sometimes performed in extremely low gestational age newborns requiring prolonged ventilation. Studies suggest better neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm newborns undergoing earlier tracheotomy ( Objective To determine the characteristics associated with tracheotomy in high-risk, extremely low gestational age newborns. Design, Setting, and Participants This secondary analysis of infants enrolled in the double-blind, randomized clinical trial known as the Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) was conducted from January 10, 2010, to September 3, 2013, in neonatal intensive care units. Participants included 511 premature infants (≤28 weeks’ gestational age) who were intubated and mechanically ventilated anytime between 7 and 14 days of life. Infants were randomized to receive late surfactant plus inhaled nitric oxide or inhaled nitric oxide alone. All data were collected prospectively. A mixed-effects model, with patient-level random effects included to account for individual homogeneity, was used to compare mean airway pressure (MAP) during the first 120 days in infants who did not undergo tracheotomy vs those who underwent tracheotomy. The present analysis was conducted from July 1, 2015, to March 29, 2016. Exposures Mean airway pressure, comorbidities of prematurity, airway stenosis, and airway malacia. Main Outcomes and Measures Tracheotomy. Results Of the 511 infants enrolled in TOLSURF, the mean (SD) gestational age was 25 (1.2) weeks, with a birth weight of 701 (165) g. Fifteen infants (2.9%) underwent tracheotomy. Among those undergoing tracheotomy, 7 infants (46.7%) had airway stenosis or malacia, none of whom died. Of the 8 infants who underwent tracheotomy without airway stenosis or malacia, 4 (50%) died. Mean age at tracheotomy was 126 days (95% CI, 108-144 days). In general, MAP increased over time in the group undergoing tracheotomy (+0.09 cm H 2 O/wk; 95% CI, 0.06-0.11 cm H 2 O/wk) but decreased in those who did not undergo tracheotomy (−0.20 cm H 2 O/wk; 95% CI, 0.19-0.21 cm H 2 O/wk; P Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort of high-risk, extremely low gestational age newborns, trends in MAP can be a clinical indicator for infants requiring long-term positive-pressure ventilation who are at highest risk for receiving tracheotomy. Knowledge of this information may identify infants who would benefit from earlier consideration for tracheotomy. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01022580
Organic Field-Effect Transistors with a Bilayer Gate Dielectric Comprising an Oxide Nanolaminate Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition

We report on top-gate OFETs with a bilayer gate dielectric comprising an Al2O3 /HfO2 nanolaminate layer grown by atomic layer deposition and an amorphous fluoro-polymer layer (CYTOP). Top-gate OFETs display average carrier mobility values of 0.9 ± 0.2 cm2/(V s) and threshold voltage values of −1.9 ± 0.5 V and high operational and environmental stability under different environmental conditions such as damp air at 50 °C (80% relative humidity) and prolonged immersion in water at a temperature up to 95 °C.
Susceptible vessel sign: identification of arterial occlusion and clinical implications in acute ischaemic stroke

Aim To determine the accuracy of the susceptible vessel sign (SVS) in the detection of arterial occlusion and its clinical implication in acute ischaemic stroke. Materials and methods Consecutive ischaemic stroke patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) within 24 hours of symptom onset or time last-seen-well were included. Two independent neuroradiologists reviewed the SWI for evidence of the SVS. Admission stroke severity was determined by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and poor clinical outcome was defined by a 3-months modified Rankin scale (mRS) score >2. Results The SVS was identified in 26 (12%) of 213 patients with substantial inter-reviewer agreement. The SVS had 99% specificity, 88% negative predictive value (NPV), 51% sensitivity, and 92% positive predictive value (PPV) for detection of acute arterial occlusions. In consecutive stroke patients, the presence of SVS was associated with higher admission NIHSS scores (median 9 versus 3, p p p =0.001), and higher rate of poor clinical outcome at 3-months follow-up (58% versus 25%, p =0.001). In the subset of patients with acute arterial occlusion ( n =47), the SVS was associated with higher admission NIHSS scores (median of 10 versus 3, p =0.038) and larger infarct volumes (173±184 ml versus 76±112 ml, p =0.034). Conclusions The SVS is a highly specific sign of occlusive arterial thrombus, and is associated with larger infarct volume and more severe presentation in a series of consecutive stroke patients, as well as in the subgroup of patients with acute arterial occlusion.
Introducing Therioepistemology: the study of how knowledge is gained from animal research

This focus issue of Lab Animal coincides with a tipping point in biomedical research. For the first time, the scale of the reproducibility and translatability crisis is widely understood beyond the small cadre of researchers who have been studying it and the pharmaceutical and biotech companies who have been living it. Here we argue that an emerging literature, including the papers in this focus issue, has begun to congeal around a set of recurring themes, which themselves represent a paradigm shift. This paradigm shift can be characterized at the micro level as a shift from asking "what have we controlled for in this model?" to asking "what have we chosen to ignore in this model, and at what cost?" At the macro level, it is a shift from viewing animals as tools (the furry test tube), to viewing them as patients in an equivalent human medical study. We feel that we are witnessing the birth of a new discipline, which we term Therioepistemology, or the study of how knowledge is gained from animal research. In this paper, we outline six questions that serve as a heuristic for critically evaluating animal-based biomedical research from a therioepistemological perspective. These six questions sketch out the broad reaches of this new discipline, though they may change or be added to as this field evolves. Ultimately, by formalizing therioepistemology as a discipline, we can begin to discuss best practices that will improve the reproducibility and translatability of animal-based research, with concomitant benefits in terms of human health and animal well-being.
Titanium-Containing Poly-Alpha-Amino Acids from Dipeptides

Titanium-containing poly-alpha-amino acids were synthesized employing both the classical (aqueous) interfacial and aqueous solution polycondensation reaction systems. Product yields are moderate, but are greatly affected by the amount of sodium hydroxide present. Further, yield is increased by addition of catalytic amounts of a silicon antifoaming agent.
THE STABILITY OF BACTERIAL SUSPENSIONS : IV. THE COMBINATION OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY AT DIFFERENT HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATIONS.

1. The amount of immune body required to agglutinate a suspension of Bacillus typhosus increases in direct proportion to the concentration of the suspension. 2. The amount of immune body combined with the organisms is constant from pH 9 to pH 3.7. Below the latter value the amount in combination is decreased. 3. The addition of immune serum to a suspension of Bacillus typhosus at a pH of 2,5 increases the positive charge of the organisms. These results are contradictory to the idea that the combination is caused by a difference in the sign of the charge carried by the immune body and the organism. They agree with the assumption that the immune body forms a film on the surface of the organism and that the effect on the charge is the result of this film.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An expanded review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses the simple steatosis to more progressive steatosis with associated hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is a growing epidemic, not only in the United States, but worldwide in part due to obesity and insulin resistance leading to liver accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids. Numerous risk factors for the development of NAFLD have been espoused with most having some form of metabolic derangement or insulin resistance at the core of its pathophysiology. NAFLD patients are at increased risk of liver-related as well as cardiovascular mortality, and NAFLD is rapidly becoming the leading indication for liver transplantation. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, but the development of noninvasive advanced imaging, biochemical and genetic tests will no doubt provide future clinicians with a great deal of information and opportunity for enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis and targeted treatment. As it currently stands several medications/supplements are being used in the treatment of NAFLD; however, none seem to be the "magic bullet" in curtailing this growing problem yet. In this review we summarized the current knowledge of NAFLD epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathologic changes, natural history, and treatment in order to aid in further understanding this disease and better managing NAFLD patients.
MAINTAINING ACCOUNTING AS THE PARAMOUNT INTEREST IN ACCOUNTING RESEARCH: RE-EXAMINING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR SCOTT

Cushing's [1989] recent analysis of Kuhn's [1970] characterization of the state of crisis within a discipline's research agenda suggests that the accounting discipline is showing symptoms of such a crisis. In this paper, DR Scott's [1931] classical work The Cultural Significance of Accounts is developed in terms of it being one of the earlier and more significant efforts to recognize a pending crisis within the accounting research arena. Scott's work is defined as not only being a precursor to identifying the crisis in accounting research, but also as providing a meaningful basis for addressing the significant issues embedded within the contemporary research crisis. The intellectual underpinnings of DR Scott's work are traced to that of Max Weber, Thorstein Veblen, and other scholars concerned with examining the changing status of society and economic organizations. It is argued that it is this critical appraisal of the relationship between economic organizations and society which drives Scott's concern f...
Radiation Therapy for Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma is a violaceous neoplasm that occurs in a variety of medical settings and has a characteristic pattern of behavior in each. The choice and extent of treatment are influenced both by the nature of the lesions and the likely clinical course of the host patient. A dose that approximates the biologic equivalent of 30 Gy delivered in 10 fractions over 2 weeks represents a reasonable starting point for consideration in an otherwise healthy patient. With such doses, long-term control of the disease can be achieved in approximately 50% of tumors, objective response (both partial and complete) in approximately 90% of lesions and palliation of distressing symptoms of the disease in nearly all patients.
185: Transcriptions factors which regulate surfactant protein B (SPB) expression during neonatal development are dysregulated in an Erk3−/− knockout model of RDS

B (SPB) expression during neonatal development are dysregulated in an Erk3 / knockout model of RDS Milenka Cuevas Guaman, Lori Showalter, Cynthia Shope, Min Hu, Kjersti Aagaard Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Departmetns of ObstetricsG dex/surfactant, p 0.002, Fig. A). Similarly, Cebp and Cebp mRNA is significantly increasedfollowing antenatal dex in both WT (p 0.02) and KO (p 0.006 and p 0.02, respectively), as well as with dex/surfactant in WT (p 0.0005, p 0.009). Cebp mRNA and protein expression is significantly increased with antenatal glucocorticoids (p 0.05) in both genotypes, with significant (15 fold increase, p 0.05; Fig.B) following dex/surfactant therapy. CONCLUSION: The transcription factors Cebp , Cebp , Cebp , and Foxa1 are dysregulated in Erk3 null mice which demise from RDS if left untreated. Taken together, these data reinforce the notion that Erk3 regulation is integral to SFTPB production and fetal pulmonary maturity.
Observation of Microwave Dimensional Resonances of Large Electron-Hole Drops in Ge

In optically pumped Ge we observe a series of new microwave resonances whose resonant magnetic fields increase markedly with light intensity. A strong correlation is found with the 709 meV electron-hole luminescence. We interpret these new lines as magnetoplasma dimensional resonances of single large drops.
Non-Primary Inputs to the Cochlear Nucleus Visualized Using Immunocytochemistry

It has been recognized since the time of Held (’93) that there are a number of non-primary inputs to cochlear nucleus (CN) neurons. With passing years, knowledge of a variety of different sources of these inputs has increased (e.g., Elverland,’77; Adams,’83; Spangler et al.,’87) but we are still largely ignorant concerning the details of which cells in a given location give rise to CN inputs and also which CN cells receive inputs from given sources. One tool that can aid in sorting out such details is immunocytochemistry. The availability of antibodies that permit visualization of chemically distinct cell classes and their axonal endings in the CN offers a means of studying origins of given inputs and learning about their terminations within the CN. Unfortunately, usually there is ambiguity regarding the origins of immunostained terminals because there are multiple possible sources of terminals which are immunopositive for most antigens. Because of the complexity of the problems involved, there has been relatively little progress in sorting out specific pathways even with the aid of immunocytochemistry. It is therefore premature to attempt a review of progress of this work. Instead, this report will give a brief status report of what some promising antibodies have revealed about non-primary CN inputs. Results reported here were obtained in cats using previously described procedures (Adams and Mugnaini,’87). Selected examples of immunostained terminals in the ventral CN (VCN) are shown in Figure 1 and the dorsal CN (DCN) in Figure 2, which includes all four DCN layers for each antibody. Neurons that may be the sources of these and other CN terminals are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
Cellulose Nanomaterials—Binding Properties and Applications: A Review

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are of increasing interest due to their appealing inherent properties such as bio-degradability, high surface area, light weight, chirality and the ability to form effective hydrogen bonds across the cellulose chains or within other polymeric matrices. Extending CN self-assembly into multiphase polymer structures has led to useful end-results in a wide spectrum of products and countless innovative applications, for example, as reinforcing agent, emulsion stabilizer, barrier membrane and binder. In the current contribution, after a brief description of salient nanocellulose chemical structure features, its types and production methods, we move to recent advances in CN utilization as an ecofriendly binder in several disparate areas, namely formaldehyde-free hybrid composites and wood-based panels, papermaking/coating processes, and energy storage devices, as well as their potential applications in biomedical fields as a cost-effective and tissue-friendly binder for cartilage regeneration, wound healing and dental repair. The prospects of a wide range of hybrid materials that may be produced via nanocellulose is introduced in light of the unique behavior of cellulose once in nano dimensions. Furthermore, we implement some principles of colloidal and interfacial science to discuss the critical role of cellulose binding in the aforesaid fields. Even though the CN facets covered in this study by no means encompass the great amount of literature available, they may be regarded as the basis for future developments in the binder applications of these highly desirable materials.
Patterns and trends in OSHA occupational noise exposure measurements from 1979 to 2013.

Objectives Noise is one of the most common exposures, and occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is highly prevalent. In addition to NIHL, noise is linked to numerous non-auditory health effects. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) maintains the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) database of compliance-related measurements performed in various industries across the USA. The goal of the current study was to describe and analyse personal noise measurements available through the OSHA IMIS, identifying industries with elevated personal noise levels or increasing trends in worker exposure over time. Methods Through a Freedom of Information Act request, we obtained OSHA’s noise measurements collected and stored in IMIS between 1979 and 2013 and analysed permissible exposure limit (PEL) and action level (AL) criteria measurements by two-digit industry code. Results The manufacturing industry represented 87.8% of the 93 920 PEL measurements and 84.6% of the 58 073 AL measurements. The highest mean noise levels were found among the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting industry for PEL (93.1 dBA) and the mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction group for AL (93.3 dBA). Overall, measurements generally showed a decreasing trend in noise levels and exceedances of AL and PEL by year, although this was not true for all industries. Conclusions Our results suggest that, despite reductions in noise over time, further noise control interventions are warranted both inside and outside of the manufacturing industry. Further reductions in occupational noise exposures across many industries are necessary to continue to reduce the risk of occupational NIHL.
Polio vaccines and biorisk management of polioviruses

Japan is the first country where inactivated polio vaccines derived from Sabin attenuated strains, which are used to manufacture oral polio vaccines, were introduced in routine immunization program. The Sabin-derived inactivated vaccine has been developed based on the fact that Sabin strains are less neurovirulent and manufactured at safer productionfacilities than wild polioviruses. It is also convincing that Sabin strains are more safely used for evaluating the efficacy of inactivated vaccines in rat immunogenicity tests. However, in the current situation where polioviruses are close to being eradicated, the facilities that manufacture vaccines and/or conduct quality control of them are needed to meet the biorisk management requirements established by WHO, which are based on the Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018. At present, type 2 polioviruses including Sabin 2 strain should be contained in the facilities which meet the WHO biorisk management requirements. The respective facilities are expected to give full consideration based on a careful risk assessment of viral transmission not only to personnel, but also to the environment and the community around the facilities, and the establishment of biorisk management will be needed. Thus, the facilities handling and storing infectious polioviruses must be certified as poliovirus-essential facilities following the WHO biorisk management requirements.
Applied statistical inference with Minitab: by Sally A. Lesik, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742, CRC Press, 2019, 478+viix pp., $103.96 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-4987-7998-2

This is an excellent book for a calculus-based graduate level statistical inference course with Minitab. The exercises are well composed and challenging as they would enhance the students’ learning...
The microRNA‑200 family acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer by inhibiting the tumor suppressor RASSF2

This study aimed to determine whether manipulation of the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family could influence colon adenocarcinoma cell behavior. The miR-200 family has a significant role in tumor suppression and functions as an oncogene. In vitro studies on gain and loss of function with small interfering RNA demonstrated that the miR-200 family could regulate RASSF2 expression. Knockdown of the miR-200 family in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line increased KRAS expression but decreased signaling in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway through reduced ERK phosphorylation. Increased expression of the miR-200 family in the CCD-841 colon epithelium cell line increased KRAS expression and led to increased signaling in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway but increased ERK phosphorylation. Functionally, knockdown of the miR-200 family led to decreased cell proliferation in the HT-29 cells; therefore, increased miR-200 family expression could increase cell proliferation in the CCD-841 cell line. The present study included a large paired miR array dataset (n=632), in which the miR-200 family was significantly found to be increased in colon cancer when compared with normal adjacent colon epithelium. In a miR-seq dataset (n=199), the study found that miR-200 family expression was increased in localized colon cancer compared with metastatic disease. Decreased expression was associated with poorer overall survival. The miR-200 family directly targeted RASSF2 and was inversely correlated with RASSF2 expression (n=199, all P<0.001). Despite the well-defined role of the miR-200 family in tumor suppression, the present findings demonstrated a novel function of the miR-200 family in tumor proliferation.
Discovery, Design, Synthesis, and Application of Nucleoside/Nucleotides

For decades, nucleosides and nucleotides have formed the cornerstone of antiviral, antiparasitic and anticancer therapeutics and have been used as tools in exploring nucleic acid structure and function [...].
Keeping Children Safe at Home: Parent Perspectives to Firearms Safety Education Delivered by Pediatric Providers

Objectives The aims of this study were to assess parent acceptance of firearms education delivered by clinical providers, determine whether parents engage in firearms safety dialog with their children, and evaluate reasons for ownership and storage behaviors. Methods The parents of children ages 0 to 18 years completed surveys while in a pediatric inpatient setting in Texas. Demographics, acceptability, current behaviors, and storage practices were queried. Responses between firearms owners and nonowners were analyzed using the Fisher exact and χ2 tests. Results Of the 115 parents who completed surveys, 41% reported owning firearms. Most parents were likely or highly likely to follow their pediatrician's gun safety advice (67%), were accepting of safety videos in waiting rooms (59%), and accepted firearms locks distributed by clinical providers (69%). Nonowners were less likely than owners to have spoken to their children about gun safety (P = 0.004). Parents owned firearms for self-protection and recreation (50%), self-protection only (38%), or recreation only (12%). Owners stored them unloaded (75%), used safety devices (95%), and stored them in the closet of the master bedroom (54%). Conclusions Talking about firearms safety in a healthcare setting was not a contentious issue in the majority of our sample. Parents were accepting of provider-led firearms guidance regardless of ownership status. This provides an opportunity for providers to focus on effective messaging and time-efficient delivery of firearms safety education.
Investors’ regulatory concerns and the SEC’s regulation SHO pilot program on the NYSE

Examining the private-information content of short sales surrounding the implementation of the SEC’s Regulation SHO-pilot program, we that informativeness of short sales on the NYSE has disappeared...
RFIC Inductorless, Widely-Tunable N-Path Shekel Circulators Based on Harmonic Engineering

Recently demonstrated non-magnetic circulators rely on the interference between an LPTV non-reciprocal gyrator and reciprocal transmission-line circuits, which limits their form factor and compromises the tunability of N-path circuits. In this paper, a new class of non-magnetic inductorless widely-tunable non-reciprocal circulators based on harmonic engineering is introduced. LPTV circuits rely on modulating the input signals with a square-wave clock waveform that can contain multiple harmonics. The harmonic engineering concept controls the response to various harmonics of the clock signal, the superposition of which results in the desired functionality. Two prototype N-path Shekel circulators have been implemented in 65nm CMOS. The first prototype, operating in the large-RC-regime can be reconfigured for operation across 0.1-1.1 GHz, with losses ranging from 2.4-3.4 dB. It has a form factor of $\frac{{{\lambda ^2}}}{{2,000,000}}$ at 500 MHz, with a power consumption of 9.6 mW. The second prototype operates in the low-RC-regime with a tuning range of 0.28-1.15 GHz and a loss of 2.3-3.3 dB, and achieves more than 20 dB isolation across a 233 MHz BW (38%) within a $\frac{{{\lambda ^2}}}{{1,500,000}}$ form factor at 600 MHz.
Multiattribute Loss Aversion and Reference Dependence: Evidence from the Performing Arts Industry

We study the prevalence of multiattribute loss aversion and reference effects in a revenue management setting based on data of individual-level purchases over a series of concert performances. The reference dependence that drives consumer choice is not only based on the price but also on observed sales (as a fraction of the seating capacity) during their past visits. We find that consumers suffer from loss aversion on both prices and seats sold: consumers incur significant utility loss when prices are above their references or when the actual seat sales are lower than their references. We suggest pricing policies that can address consumer decisions driven by such reference dependence and loss aversion. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
The Effects of Signaled Delays on the Effectiveness of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) Reinforcement Systems

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) is a commonly used reinforcement-based system for reducing problem behavior. DRO systems are particularly useful in that they are effective for the treatment of maladaptive behavior and can be individualized based on the needs of the learner. One possible way to enhance the effectiveness of DRO systems is the use of signaled delays. In the present study, the effectiveness of signaled and unsignaled DRO systems was compared for the treatment of stereotypical behavior in three adolescents and adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results from this study suggested that while the unsignaled DRO condition was effective at reducing stereotypical behavior for one of three participants, the signaled DRO condition was effective for all three participants.