cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) With Radiolabeled Antibodies (mAbs)

Most patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) achieve remission but, despite newer drugs, the natural history of this disease has not improved during the last 20 years. Less than one half of patients with aggressive NHL are cured, and few of those with low-grade NHL are curable. Furthermore, NHL becomes progressively more chemoresistant while remaining responsive to external beam radiation therapy. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a logical strategy for the treatment of NHL because this disease is multifocal and radiosensitive. Because of their remarkable effectiveness for RIT, 2 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one labeled with (111)In for imaging or (90)Y for therapy and a second labeled with (131)I for imaging and therapy, have been approved for use in patients with NHL. These drugs have proven remarkably effective and safe. Evidence for the importance of the radionuclide is manifested by the data in the randomized pivotal phase III trial of (90)Y-ibritumomab that revealed response rates were several times greater in the (90)Y-ibritumomab arm than in the rituximab arm. A second drug for RIT, (131)I-tositumomab, was compared in a pivotal trial with the efficacy of the last chemotherapy received by each patient. Once again, response rates were much higher for RIT. Both (90)Y-ibritumomab and (131)I-tositumomab require preinfusion of several hundred milligrams of unlabeled anti-CD20 mAb to obtain "favorable" biodistribution, that is, targeting of NHL. Response rates for other mAbs and radionuclides in NHL also have been high but these drugs have not reached the approval stage. These drugs can be used safely by physicians who have suitable training and judgment. Unlike chemotherapy, RIT is not associated with mucositis, hair loss, or persistent nausea or vomiting. Although hematologic toxicity is dose limiting, hospitalization for febrile neutropenia is uncommon. Randomized trials of RIT in different formulations have not been conducted, but there is evidence to suggest that the mAb, antigen, radionuclide, chelator, linker, and dosing strategy may make a difference in the outcome.
The Modification of Adult Life Span in Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) by Irradiation in Nitrogen

Various studies on a wide range of organisms have shown that anoxic conditions decrease the injury caused by ionizing radiation. For insects, protection against radiation damage has been shown using as criteria the incidence of lethal mutation (Grosch 1962), arrested development (Clark and Herr 1955), fecundity and fertility (Grosch and Clark 1961). In the present study, adult lifespan has been used as the measure of radiation damage.
Effect of constant lighting on the morphine susceptibility rhythm

Durch Tag-Nacht-Umkehr wird bei Mausen eine Verschiebung der Sensibilitat fur die schmerzstillende Wirkung des Morphins erzielt, aber dem standigen Licht fur 14 Tage ausgesetzt, verlieren sie die Sensibilitat.
Multidisciplinary responsibilities in orthopedic-occlusal rehabilitation

Abstract A case which clearly demonstrates the benefits to be derived from a multidisciplinary approach to facial deformity management has been described. An outline for evaluating the degree and dimensions of the deformity has been presented. Orthodontic, surgical and prosthodontic procedures were performed to correct a Class III skeletodental open-bite malocclusion.
Cartan maps, clean rings, and unique factorization☆

Let R be a Noetherian ring; denote by A’(R) the (exact) category of finitely generated R-modules, and by 9(R) the (exact) category of finitely generated projective R-modules. The inclusion functor 9(R) + A(R) induces the Cartan maps c, : K,,(R) -+ K:(R) (where we denote K,(Y(R)) = K,,(R) and K,(A(R)) = K;(R)). It is a consequence of Quillen’s resolution theorem that the maps c, are isomorphisms if R is a regular ring. One of the main results of this paper is a partial converse to this theorem. In Section 1 we show that if R is a reduced local ring whose residue class field is not the 2-element field IF,, then a necessary condition for c, to be an isomorphism is that R be integrally closed in its total quotient ring. If R is one-dimensional and has finite integral closure, then this result is valid without the restriction on the residue class field. In particular, for such a ring, ci is an isomorphism if and only if R is a discrete valuation ring. In Section 3 we give an example showing that these results are invalid for nonlocal rings. In Section 2, we consider c,,. For local integral domains, questions about c, are necessarily connected with the “higher rank class groups” Wi introduced by Claborn and Fossum in [2], and with the notion of clean ring introduced by Gersten in [4]. To explain these notions, let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, and consider the filtration of d’(R) defined by “codimension of support.” That is, consider the Serre subcategory Xi(R) consisting of those finitely generated R-modules M such that MP = 0 for all primes p with ht p < i. W,(R) is defined to be the image of the homomorphism K,(&/&+ ‘) + K,(Mi‘/&’ ‘). Gersten defines R to be cZean if each of the maps K,(&) + K&M-i) is zero. An understanding of the properties of clean rings may prove helpful in understanding the more general notion of very clean ring. (R is very clean if all the maps K,(J’) --) K,,(Mip’) are zero.) Gersten’s Conjecture is that regular local rings are very clean.
Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Commotio Cordis

Commotio cordis is increasing described and it is now clear that this phenomenon is an important cause of sudden cardiac death on the playing field. Victims are predominantly young, male, and struck in the left chest with a ball. An animal model has been developed and utilized to explore the important variables and mechanism of commotio cordis. Impact during a narrow window of repolarization causes ventricular fibrillation. Other important variables include location, velocity, shape, and hardness of the impact object. Biological characteristics such as gender, pliability of the chest wall, and genetic susceptibility also play a role in commotio cordis. The mechanism of ventricular fibrillation appears to be an increase in heterogeneity of repolarization caused by induced abnormalities of ion channels activated by abrupt increases in left ventricular pressure. In the setting of altered repolarization a trigger of ventricular depolarization (premature ventricular depolarization caused directly by the chest blow) initiates a spiral wave that quickly breaks down into ventricular fibrillation. Prevention of commotio cordis is possible. Improved recognition and resuscitation have led to an improvement in outcome.
Dimensions of Environmental Management Legitimation of Government Regulation by Industrial Managers

A fruitful approach to studying environmental management is the analysis of industry-government relationships. Policy is defined and translated into action in this context. We find that industrial ...
Knowledge-Aided Parametric Adaptive Matched Filter With Automatic Combining for Covariance Estimation

In this paper, a knowledge-aided parametric adap- tive matched filter (KA-PAMF) is proposed that utilizing both observations (including the test and training signals) and ap riori knowledge of the spatial covariance matrix. Unlike existing KA-PAMF methods, the proposed KA-PAMF is able to automat- ically adjust the combining weight of ap rioricovariance matrix, thus gaining enhanced robustness against uncertainty in the prior knowledge. Meanwhile, the proposed KA-PAMF is significantly more efficient than its KA nonparametric counterparts when the amount of training signals is limited. One distinct feature of the proposed KA-PAMF is the inclusion of both the test and training signals for automatic determination of the combining weights for the prior spatial covariance matrix and observations. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed KA-PAMF, especially in the limited training scenarios.
Measuring Perceived Dominance-Accommodation: Development of a Scale

The assessment of family health includes both the stability and quality of relationships within the system. The probability of marital conflict is high when the needs of partners are either not met or the complementarity of psychosocial need fulfillment is rigid. A self-report instrument to measure dominance-accommodation was constructed by developing definitions of these behaviors and formulating 100 items to reflect the definitions. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 45 men and 74 women and appropriate statistical procedures were applied to determine preliminary estimates of reliability and validity. The Jackson Personality Research Form was used for study of construct validity. Two factors emerged; the item content in the first factor reflected the degree to which the need expressed by one person was different from the polar need expressed by the partner. The items in the second factor contained content indicative of equality and compromise in resolution of differences. Data were collecte...
Successful Repair of Sinus of Valsalva-Left Atrial Fistula

An unusual dissecting sinus of Valsalvaleft atrial fistula with successful repair is reported. This lesion was repaired by open heart surgery with the utilization of a heart-lung machine.
Two-Step Capacitance Transients From an Oxygen Impurity Defect

This paper describes the study of an electron-trapping defect which underwent significant configurational relaxation in oxygen contaminated hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (a-Si,Ge:H) alloys grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. An unusual two-step electron emission from this relaxed defect is studied using junction-capacitance-based measurements. In this work, we monitor the recovery of the relaxed defect after filling it by photoexcited electrons and also by electrons injected with a voltage filling pulse. The dependence of the transient shape on filling pulse time is described. We have also performed experiments which clearly demonstrate that this is a bulk defect and exclude contributions from any additional blocking junctions.
An agency theory model of ERP implementation

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are becoming rapidly indispensable in order for large and medium sized organizations to run their operations. Therefore, management needs to know the factors that drive successful ERP implementation, a product of the continuous interaction between the implementation consultants and client firms. Agency theory has been successfully used by different researchers to explain relationships between two parties seeking a common outcome. This paper develops a model of testable propositions for applying agency theory to study the relationship between implementation consultants and client organizations deploying the ERP systems, and to consequently evaluate how the relationship affects the implementation success.
WE‐A‐211‐04: AAPM International Outreach Programs ‐ Collaboration with IOMP

Introduction. The purpose of the AAPM International Affairs Committee (IAC) is to advise the AAPM Board through the Administrative Council on matters related to activities of an international nature conducted on behalf of the Association. The charges of the IOMP Professional Relations Committee are to promote and support international cooperation to promote the standards of practice in medical physics and professional conduct. Purpose: The various programs of AAPM and IOMP developed over many decades will be presented. The AAPM international outreach programs will be described. The opportunities for collaboration will be explored. Methods: Many of the AAPM programs, including the Partner in Physics (PIP), International Affiliate, Developing Country Educational Associate, and International Library (ILP), are intended to assist the medical physics community in developing countries to have access to the latest literature and other information to improve the quality of medical physics practice. Other programs, including the Delegates to IOMP, the Liaisons to countries in all regions, and the International Portal are serving as the global link for medical physicists. Since 1992, IAC raised funding to deliver the International Scientific Exchange Program (ISEP) courses in developing countries. Results. Recently, AAPM has provided budgets for two ISEP courses every year, and created the International Educational Activities Committee to take over the program under the Education Council. All medical physics organizations in developing countries are encouraged to host such courses in partnership with AAPM. Since about ten years ago, the IOMP banner started to appear in the ISEP certificates presented to all participants. Conclusions. This joint activity in education will continue to improve the quality of medical physics globally. This and other opportunities for collaboration between the two organizations, including the ILP, PIP, Exchange Scientist Program, and Equipment Donation Program will be explored in this presentation.
Sexual and drug-using practices of HIV-positive men who frequent public and commercial sex environments.

An ethnically diverse sample (69.7% men of colour) of HIV-seropositive MSM from the New York City and San Francisco metropolitan areas were recruited from a variety of social settings. While only 27.0% of the participants were recruited from PSEs (public sex environments where men 'cruise' for potential sex partners, such as parks) and CSEs (commercial sex environments where an admission is paid for entrance, such as bathhouses and sex clubs), 49.6% reported attending PSEs and 40.7% reported attending CSEs. Only a minority of participants from the full sample reported sexual behaviours that would have placed a partner at highest risk for HIV seroconversion. However, differences between those who frequented CSEs and those who did not emerged on several psychosocial factors (sexual sensation seeking, depression, perceived responsibility towards protecting sexual partners from HIV infection), sexual risk behaviours (unprotected oral and anal sex) and types of recreational drugs used. Fewer differences were f...
R.F.-plasma system for the production of ultrafine, ultrapure silicon carbide powder

A new high-temperature plasma tube has been developed that overcomes the meltdown problem of the conventional water- and gas-cooled quartz plasma tubes commonly used. The key feature of this system is the placement of several heavy-walled, water-cooled copper fingers inside a quartz mantle to shield the mantle from the intense radiation of the plasma. The copper fingers act as transformers to couple the plasma to the field of the coil. This new stystem has been used to produce ultrafine, ultrapure silicon carbide powder.
HST/NICMOS Paschen-α Survey of the Galactic Centre: Overview

We have recently carried out the first wide-field hydrogen Paschen-α line imaging survey of the Galactic Centre using the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The survey maps out a region of 2253 pc^2 (416 arcmin^2) around the central supermassive black hole (Sgr A*) in the 1.87 and 1.90 μm narrow bands with a spatial resolution of ~0.01 pc (0.2 arcsec full width at half-maximum) at a distance of 8 kpc. Here, we present an overview of the observations, data reduction, preliminary results and potential scientific implications, as well as a description of the rationale and design of the survey. We have produced mosaic maps of the Paschen-α line and continuum emission, giving an unprecedentedly high-resolution and high-sensitivity panoramic view of stars and photoionized gas in the nuclear environment of the Galaxy. We detect a significant number of previously undetected stars with Paschen-α in emission. They are most likely massive stars with strong winds, as confirmed by our initial follow-up spectroscopic observations. About half of the newly detected massive stars are found outside the known clusters (Arches, Quintuplet and Central). Many previously known diffuse thermal features are now resolved into arrays of intriguingly fine linear filaments indicating a profound role of magnetic fields in sculpting the gas. The bright spiral-like Paschen-α emission around Sgr A* is seen to be well confined within the known dusty torus. In the directions roughly perpendicular to it, we further detect faint, diffuse Paschen-α emission features, which, like earlier radio images, suggest an outflow from the structure. In addition, we detect various compact Paschen-α nebulae, probably tracing the accretion and/or ejection of stars at various evolutionary stages. Multiwavelength comparisons together with follow-up observations are helping us to address such questions as where and how massive stars form, how stellar clusters are disrupted, how massive stars shape and heat the surrounding medium, how various phases of this medium are interspersed and how the supermassive black hole interacts with its environment.
TEXTURAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LASAGNA AFTER COOKING

The effects of cooking time (9.5, 11, and 15 min) and holding time of lasagna pasta after cooking (4 min to 185 min) on the textural properties (through mechanical testing) and internal structure (via nuclear magnetic resonance imaging) were studied. The peak force, which characterized firmness, decreased with increasing cooking and holding time. Work was strongly influenced by the value of the peak force and followed a similar trend. Corresponding NMR images revealed changes in proton signal intensity as a function of position. The NMR signal intensity increased at the center with increasing cooking and holding times. This change illustrates that water migration to the sample center was simultaneous with the decrease in the peak force. The initial slope, associated with the structure of the sample surface region, decreased with cooking time and increased with holding time. The NMR signal intensity of the surface region decreased with holding time; water migration from this region during this period was simultaneous with an increase in stiffness. NMR imaging is an effective technique to evaluate internal structural changes of pasta during holding. Furthermore, it supplements information provided by conventional mechanical testing, facilitating the interpretation of texture measurements.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates adrenocorticotropin release in AtT-20 cells stably expressing a common receptor for PTH and PTH-related peptide

Complementary DNA encoding a rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor was stably expressed in the murine corticotroph cell line, AtT-20. Several clones, expressing variable numbers of PTH/PTHrP receptors, were developed. In contrast to the relatively low binding affinity (apparent Kd = 15 nM) observed in COS-7 cells transiently expressing the PTH/PTHrP receptor, all AtT-20 stable transfectants bound [Nle8,18,Tyr34]bPTH(1-34)NH2 (NlePTH) with an affinity that was indistinguishable from that observed in ROS 17/2.8 cells expressing native PTH/PTHrP receptors. Additionally, NlePTH dramatically increased cAMP accumulation and ACTH release in AtT-20 cells expressing the PTH/PTHrP receptor with an ED50 of 0.6 +/- 0.3 and 0.3 +/- 0.1 nM, respectively. The high binding affinity and the high efficacy of NlePTH in stimulating cAMP accumulation and ACTH release indicate that the PTH/PTHrP receptor is efficiently coupled to the intracellular signalling system responsible for stimulation of ACTH release in AtT-20 cells. No additivity of cAMP accumulation or of ACTH release was observed when these cells were treated with maximally active concentrations of both NlePTH and CRF. This suggests that the receptors for both of these hormones share the same intracellular effectors, and that intracellular signaling in AtT-20 cells is not compartmentalized. Additionally, the ability of NlePTH to stimulate ACTH release in AtT-20 cells, a function that is normally performed by CRF, demonstrates promiscuity between activated receptors and distal biological functions.
Quantitative backscattered electron analysis of cement paste

Abstract Procedures are developed to obtain reproducible quantitative data from polished specimens of cement paste using automated backscattered electron imaging. Signal production, contrast, image resolution, and imaging techniques are discussed. Preparation of a silicon-magnesium standard is described. Typical results and a statistical basis for establishing the number of frames required to provide confidence in the results are presented. The silicon-magnesium standard provides an objective method for setting both a scanning electron microscope and an image analysis system for quantitative backscattered electron analysis of phases within cement paste. The number of frames required for a selected degree of confidence decreases, but the total area required increases as magnification decreases. The number of frames is also a function of the specific phase, being greatest for unhydrated cement particles and least for inner product and calcium silicate hydrate.
Asymptomatic bacteremia in the newborn infant

Routine blood cultures were drawn from 131 asymptomatic 3-day-old infants, yielding 21 positive cultures. Of these, 18 were not clinically significant, 1 patient had probable septicemia, and 2 had prolonged bacteremia. A third case of prolonged bacteremia was discovered at 8 days of age. The 3 patients with prolonged bacteremia and the one with septicemia are presented in detail. The occurrence of bacteremia in asymptomatic infants emphasizes the need for carefully evaluating every positive blood culture obtained from a newborn infant.
Intent to treat: The Reductio ad absurdum that became gospel

The ‘Intent to Treat’ paradigm for the analysis of a controlled randomized clinical trial is the direct result of applying the Neyman-Pearson formulation of hypothesis testing. If other formulations are used, the ‘Intent to Treat’ paradigm makes no sense. Criticisms of the Neyman-Pearson formulation and whether it is applicable to scientific investigations have appeared in the statistical and philosophical literature since it was first proposed. This paper reviews the nature of that criticism and notes why the Neyman-Pearson formulation, and with it the ‘Intent to Treat’ paradigm, is inappropriate for use in the analysis of clinical trials.
Plans as policy, or plans as law

Abstract NSW statutory plans must contain a statement of ‘aims, objectives, policies and strategies. The origins of this requirement are examined. Comment is made on the difficulty of reconciling the idea of plans as expressions of administrative or political policy with the idea of plans as statements of the law.
Descriptive analysis and consumer acceptance of black walnut cultivars in a sugar cookie base

Abstract Researchers incorporated seven black walnut cultivars (Brown Nugget, Davidson, Emma K, Football, Sparks 127, Sparrow, and Tomboy) into sugar cookies, a commonly eaten nut product, to characterize their flavor attributes by trained assessors and acceptance by consumers. Nine of the 25 attributes differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) across cultivars: black walnut ID, overall nutty, nutty-buttery, brown, toasted, acrid, rancid, overall sweet, and sweet. Lower mean scores in black walnut ID, overall nutty, and sweet and higher mean scores in rancid and acrid characterized the Emma K cultivar. The remaining six samples were more similar to one another in flavor characteristics. Four clusters of consumers who differed in their acceptance of the cookie samples were found. Cluster 1 preferred Football, clusters 2 and 3 each showed no overall preference, and cluster 4 preferred Emma K suggesting a set of niche consumers for black walnuts used in cookies.
Serotonin 2A receptor antagonist treatment reduces dopamine D1 receptor-mediated rotational behavior but not l-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements in the unilateral dopamine-depleted rat

Abstract Previous experiments have demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor antagonists suppress hyperkinetic behaviors associated with dopamine (DA) D1 receptor supersensitivity in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions. Since l -DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID) may be mediated by oversensitive D1-mediated signaling, the present study examined the effects of the selective 5-HT2A antagonist M100907 on LID behaviors in DA-depleted rats. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions received daily l -DOPA treatments to produce dyskinetic behaviors as measured by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) testing. In these animals, M100907 (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg, ip) given 30 min before l -DOPA did not alter the appearance or intensity of AIMs behaviors. Because l -DOPA induced AIMs in rats are dependent upon D1 and D2 receptor activation, a second study was performed to determine if M100907 could suppress D1- or D2-mediated rotational behaviors. Contralateral rotations induced by the D1 agonist SKF82958 were significantly reduced by pre-treatment with M100907. However, M100907 was ineffective in reducing rotations induced by the D2 agonist quinpirole. The finding that M100907 suppresses rotations induced by D1, but not D2, agonists may provide a partial explanation for the lack of effect of a selective 5-HT2A antagonist on l -DOPA-induced AIMs behaviors.
Human rotavirus strain 69M has a unique VP4 as determined by amino acid sequence analysis.

Abstract The group A rotavirus strain 69M has recently been classified as a new rotavirus serotype, G8, based on the antigenic specificity of its VP7 outer capsid glycoprotein. The fourth gene of 69M, which encodes the other outer capsid protein VP4, was sequenced. The gene is 2362 nucleotides in length and contains one long open reading frame beginning at the 10th nucleotide from the 5′ end and terminating with a stop codon 22 bases from the 3′ end. The encoded VP4 contains 776 amino acids. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence with other rotavirus strains demonstrated that the VP4 of strain 69M shares 68.9 to 74.5% amino acid identity with the VP4 from strains known to represent four human rotavirus VP4 genetic alleles and 74.9 to 86.2% identity with VP4 from various animal rotaviruses. Northern blot hybridization with either radiolabeled ssRNA transcripts from 69M or cloned 69M gene 4 cDNA as indicated that the fourth gene of strain 69M is genetically distinct from any group A rotavirus gene 4 described thus far. These data suggest that at least one additional antigenic specificity of VP4 exists in circulating human group A rotavirus strains.
The Use of Cloud Reflectance Functions with Satellite Data for Surface Radiation Budget Estimation

Abstract The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of an overcast atmosphere above an ocean surface has been calculated as a function of wavelength using a discrete-ordinates radiative transfer model. This plane-parallel BRDF appears qualitatively similar to the empirically derived angular dependence models from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. But when these two different BRDFs are used to estimate net shortwave flux at the ocean surface, discrepancies of 2060 W m−2 can occur between the respective net surface flux estimations. When using either BRDF with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data for surface radiation budget estimation, this uncertainty can be minimized by restricting the satellite viewing (polar) angle to between 30° and 50°. Accurate measurements of the planetary BRDF would help resolve these differences.
New anti-HIV protease inhibitors provide more treatment options.

For several years, protease inhibitor (PI)-containing antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens have demonstrated long-term virologic and immunologic benefits and good durability of response. However, first-generation PIs have been associated with high pill burdens, gastrointestinal side effects, perturbation of lipid levels and glucose metabolism, and, in some cases, food and hydration requirements. Coadministration of low-dose ritonavir with PIs has enhanced their pharmacokinetic profile (lower doses, fewer pills, less frequent dosing schedules) and pharmacodynamics (increased potency, especially against resistant viruses) but has also been associated with increases in lipid levels. Two new PIs, atazanavir and 908 (fosamprenavir), may offer salvageable PI treatment options and may also address issues of potency, tolerability, and convenience by requiring fewer pills and causing fewer lipid and glucose perturbations than current PI options. The availability of these novel PIs may improve longterm treatment...
Effect of Incorporating Metal nanoparticles in High-k Dielectrics for NanoFLASH and NanoCMOS

Deposition of silver nano-particles (Ag-nps) in a thin aluminum oxide layer resulting in an increased frequency dependent dielectric constant has been investigated for possible applications in nano-FLASH memory and nano-CMOS devices. The design of nano-FLASH memory with embedded Ag-nps in the gate oxide has been analyzed through simulation that demonstrates the charge storage capability of Ag-nps. A large shift in threshold voltage (˜7.5V) was found with a programming gate voltage of only 1 V, indicating very low power consumption by the device. The programming time requirement was found to be less than 10 nano-seconds and is erasable.
Preferential photostructural modification of heteroleptic titanium alkoxides for molecular assembly

The response of a mononuclear, heteroleptic titanium alkoxide [(OPy)2Ti(4MP)2, where OPy = pyridinecarbinol; NC5H4(CH2O) and 4MP = 4-mercaptophenol; OC6H4(SH)] to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in dilute solution and in solid-state samples has been measured. Vibrational spectroscopy [Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and Raman scattering] was used to monitor changes in molecular structure upon exposure to 337.1- and 365-nm light. Assignment of spectral features to vibrational modes of the molecule was aided by a normal-mode analysis of the energy-minimized molecular structure within a density-functional theory framework. Photoinduced decreases in peak areas were observed in both FTIR spectra of the precursor solutions and Raman data collected from solution-cast films of the precursor material. These changes were associated with vibrational modes localized at the 4MP ligands. Conversely, no significant modification of vibrational structure associated with the OPy moiety was observed under the excitation conditions examined. In a related study, thin films of the precursor were cast, sampled, and irradiated with UV light in scintillation vials under hydrated air (40% relative humidity) and dry Ar to evaluate the influence of local atmospheric composition on the photoresponse. An increase in the magnitude of photoinduced vibrational changes was observed in the moist-air environment, again associated primarily with the 4MP ligand. The results support an interpretation of these structural changes in terms of a preferential enhancement of hydrolysis at the 4MP site under these conditions. These findings are discussed in the context of an optically driven molecular assembly strategy based on the photoinitiation of intermolecular bonding at selected sites about the metal center.
The determination of iodide in sea water by neutron activation analysis

Abstract A simple and sensitive method for the determination of iodide in sea water by neutron activation analysis has been developed. Iodide is separated from most other anions by passing sea water through a strongly basic anion-exchange column, recovered by elution with 2 M sodium nitrate, and concentrated from the eluate by precipitation as palladium(II) iodide in the presence of excess of palladium(II) with elemental palladium as carrier; elemental palladium is generated by reduction of some of the palladium(II) with thiosulfate. The precipitate is separated from the supernatant liquid by filtration. Checks on the efficiency of separation by means of added 125 I showed recoveries of 100 ± 3 %. The filter paper containing the precipitate is pressed into a pellet for neutron activation analysis by irradiation for 5 min at a flux of 4 ·10 12 n cm −2 s −1 and counting the 128 I 442.7-keV photopeak.
Short-term Effects of Two Silver Salts on Tissue Respiration and Enzyme Activity in the Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus)

In the work reported here, we examined some effects of a 96-h exposure of cunners to silver either as the nitrate or as the acetate. Our purpose was to determine whether one salt might be considered more toxic than the other, as measured by a common physiological parameter, gill-tissue respiration, and by enzyme activity in liver and skeletal muscle. We wished also to discover whether these different criteria of metabolic stress would lead to similar conclusions regarding the relative toxicities of these two salts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animl exposure: Cunners were collected from Long Island Sound near Milford, Connecticut, and kept in tanks of flowing, sand-filtered seawater (24 + 2 o/oo salinity) in the laboratory for I-2 wk of acclimation. -During that period they were fed a mixture of Purina Trout Chow and chopped meats of the surf clam (~solidissima), but were unfed for 4-5 days prior to and during each experimental exposure. The fish, ranging in weight
The effect of reserpine on the Achilles reflex in normal young men.

Reserpin in kleinen Dosen uber eine Periode von 28 h fuhrt zu einer Beschleunigung des Achillessehnenreflexes. Der Effekt ist statistisch gesichert, jedoch gering im Vergleich mit Veranderungen, die durch Schilddrusenstorungen hervorgerufen werden.
Two-graphs and skew two-graphs in finite geometries

Abstract We describe the use of two-graphs and skew (oriented) two-graphs as isomorphism invariants for translation planes and m-systems (including ovoids and spreads) of polar spaces in odd characteristic.
IN DEFENSE OF A BURROW

![Figure][1] With real estate in high demand, foraging is risky for fiddler crabs, Uca vomeris . Ever vigilant for burrow thieves, the crabs stay within a meter of the entrance and rush back to defend the burrow when another crab gets too close. To do this effectively, they must be able to
Visual Motion Area MT+/V5 Responds to Auditory Motion in Human Sight-Recovery Subjects

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that cortical visual motion area MT+/V5 responded to auditory motion in two rare subjects who had been blind since early childhood and whose vision was partially recovered in adulthood. Visually normal control subjects did not show similar auditory responses. These auditory responses in MT+ were specific to motion compared with other complex auditory stimuli including frequency sweeps and speech. Thus, MT+ developed motion-specific responses to nonvisual input, suggesting that cross-modal plasticity can be influenced by the normal functional specialization of a cortical region. Regarding sight recovery after early blindness, our results further demonstrate that cross-modal responses coexist with regained visual responses within the visual cortex.
Use of New HPLC Resins to Solve Old Problems

Abstract A summation of recent experiences from this laboratory is described in this report. In the case of isolating peptides for eventual use in protein sequence analysis, an argument is made for the return to multistep chromatography in order to simplify complex mixtures of peptide fragments. Making use of new resins for ion exchange and reverse phase chromatography, yield of material even after three chromatographic steps is in excess of 90%. A partial enzymatic digest yielding multiple overlapping peptides can readily be sorted by this approach. For the isolation of monoclonal antibodies, the use of carboxymethyl derivatized synthetic resins allows for rapid isolation and concentration of antibodies which can then be highly purified on diethylaminoethyl polymeric based resins.
Persistent Chest Pain in a Polysubstance Abuser: An Unusual Consequence

c k p c b s n e t A30-YEAR-OLD, 93-kg, 191-cm man with a history of active polysubstance abuse (cocaine, marijuana, and alcool) and posttraumatic stress disorder presented to the authors’ nstitution with severe, sharp sternal chest pain radiating to the eft chest. The patient reported that he had been involved in a hysical altercation related to an illicit drug purchase a few eeks before the current evaluation during which 2 assailants epeatedly punched and kicked him in the chest. He was asessed on 2 previous occasions in a local community hospital mergency department. The patient was treated conservatively ith oxycodone for contusions after a chest radiograph failed to emonstrate rib fractures. Despite this approach, the patient’s ain became progressively worse during the week before the urrent evaluation. He reported severe pain during voluntary eep inspiration and when he attempted to lift his arms over his ead. The patient denied fever, chills, cough, hemoptysis, dyspea at rest or during mild exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal octurnal dyspnea. The physical examination revealed tenderness o palpation along the upper left border of the sternum, the adja-
Fetal and placental responses to artificially induced hyperthermia in rats

Pregnant rats were utilized to study the effect of maternal hyperthermia on fetal development. Eight groups of six to eight rats were ex- posed to ambient temperatures of 43-44"C at various stages of pregnancy. All rats were killed on day 20 of gestation. Edema, microencephaly and microph- thalmia followed heat treatment on day 4, 6, or 8 and skeletal defects occurred on day 10 of gestation. Apparently heat stress of dams after day 14 of gestation had little or no effect on embryos. Most placentas from day 6-10 treatment groups were significantly heavier than control and exhibited extensive thicken- ing and necrosis of decidua basalis. Our results suggest that the rat is a useful model for investigating maternal hyperthermia as a possible cause of human placentophathies and fetal retardation A variety of factors contribute to the inci- dence of congenital malformations in animals and in man. Genetic mutation, irradiation, infections, drugs and nutritional deficiencies are among the well established inciting causes. Evidence implicating hyperthermia as a teratogenic agent is now overwhelming. Studies with rodents have shown that both the duration and level of hyperthermia affect- ed maternal survival as well as the incidence of fetal malformations; the disturbances of central nervous system were by far the most common defects (Edwards, '69; Kilham and Ferm, '76). Earlier, Skreb and Frank ('63) re- ported various types of defects in fetal rats fol- lowing the immersion of exteriorized pregnant uterine horns in warm saline. However, the mechanism by which heat stress produces em- bryopathies when associated with elevated maternal temperature is less well understood. Edwards et al. ('74) revealed that subjecting of pregnant animals to high incubation tem- peratures caused clumping of chromosomes, inhibition of mitotic activity and later death of neuro-ectoderm cells in the fetus. Presuma- bly, similar cellular changes in response to heat stress would be expected to cause devel- opmental anomalies in other embryonic struc- tures as well. In human subjects, fever is a possible, but unproven cause of spontaneous fetal abor- tions, retardations and abnormalities. The dif- TERATOmY (1979) 19: 251-260. ficulty in obtaining clinical or experimental evidence on the fetal or placental effect of maternal hyperthermia resulting from infec- tions or exposure to higher than normal environmental temperatures in human sub- jects is obvious. The significant problems involved can best be examined in animal models. Experiments on the influence of maternal hyperthermia on fetal rat develop- ment in utero are the subject of this report. This study also includes observations on hyperthermia-induced alterations in decidua basalis of placentas. AND METHODS Animals
Prime ideals in skew polynomial rings and quantized Weyl algebras

The concern of this paper is to investigate the structure of skew polynomial rings (Ore extensions) of the form T=R [θ; σ, δ] where σ and δ are both nontrivial, and in particular to analyze the prime ideals of T . The main focus is on the case that R is commutative noetherian. In this case, the prime ideals of T are classified, polynomial identities and Artin-Rees separation in prime factor rings are investigated, and cliques of prime ideals are studied. The second layer condition is proved, as well as boundedness of uniform ranks for the prime factor rings corresponding to any clique. Futher, q -skew derivations on noncommutative coefficient rings are introduced, and some preliminary results on contractions of prime ideals of T are obtained in this setting. Finally, prime ideals in quantized Weyl algebras over fields are analyzed.
Effect of Dexamethasone on TNF alpha and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase(iNOS) Production from Mycoplasma-Stimulated Macrophages † 1432

Effect of Dexamethasone on TNF alpha and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase(iNOS) Production from Mycoplasma-Stimulated Macrophages † 1432
Gastroenterology Comes of Age

The 1930s were a transitional period for the field of gastroenterology, bridging the gap between its emergence as a specialty at the turn of the century and its later blossoming as an important clinical and scientific discipline. Although the American Gastroenterological Association had been established in 1897 and prominent gastrointestinal (GI) specialists were readily identified, the field of digestive diseases had not yet attained peer and public recognition as a major specialty in America. With few exceptions, for example, the University of Chicago, Mount Sinai in New York, Massachusetts General Hospital, the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, The Cleveland Clinic, and The Lahey Clinic, Boston, divisions of gastroenterology had not yet been established in most medical centers. Formal recognition of gastroenterology was not to come until the 1940s. Physiological studies of the GI tract had been in progress intermittently in America for approximately 100 years, but basic knowledge relating to clinical
Photocatalysis of hydrogenation and isomerization of alkenes by cis-HMn(CO)4PPh3

Abstract Photolysis of cis-HMn(CO)4PPh3 in the presence of H2 and 1-alkene results in catalytic hydrogenation and isomerization of the alkene. The isomerization leads to cis- and trans-2-alkene in the presence or absence of H2. Catalytic hydrogenation also occurs when cis-CH3Mn(CO)4PPh3 is irradiated in the presence of H2; use of D2 leads exclusively to CH3D. The possible mechanism of the hydrogenation is discussed.
Personal view: cost and benefit of medical rituals in gastroenterology

Summary Background : Unable to resolve a medical problem, gastroenterologists occasionally choose an ineffectual intervention instead. The elusive path to effectual management becomes substituted with an ineffectual but readily available medical ritual. The term ‘ritual’ refers to the utilization of an ineffectual intervention with little chances of achieving a medically relevant goal. Aim : The aim of the article is to analyse the cost–benefit relationship of rituals in gastroenterology and the reasons why gastroenterologists utilize them. Methods : Ritualistic disease management is described in terms of medical decision and threshold analysis. Results : If the perceived benefit of a ritual exceeds its cost, the ineffectual path becomes more attractive than expectant management or doing nothing. To engage in an ineffectual intervention, the threshold probability for success needs to exceed its cost–benefit difference divided by the benefit associated with success. In choosing an ineffectual intervention, doctors tend to underestimate the true costs of a ritual and overestimate its probability of success. The availability of an effectual path leads to more stringent conditions for the benefit associated with an ineffectual path. Conclusions : A better understanding of their economical underpinnings should lead to more restricted utilization of rituals in gastroenterology, especially, in situations where they drain scarce resources disproportionately to their perceived benefit.
Engineering an antibody with picomolar affinity to DOTA chelates of multiple radionuclides for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy and imaging.

Abstract Introduction In pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT), a bifunctional antibody is administered and allowed to pre-localize to tumor cells. Subsequently, a chelated radionuclide is administered and captured by cell-bound antibody while unbound hapten clears rapidly from the body. We aim to engineer high-affinity binders to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelates for use in PRIT applications. Methods We mathematically modeled antibody and hapten pharmacokinetics to analyze hapten tumor retention as a function of hapten binding affinity. Motivated by model predictions, we used directed evolution and yeast surface display to affinity mature the 2D12.5 antibody to DOTA, reformatted as a single chain variable fragment (scFv). Results Modeling predicts that for high antigen density and saturating bsAb dose, a hapten-binding affinity of 100 pM is needed for near-maximal hapten retention. We affinity matured 2D12.5 with an initial binding constant of about 10 nM to DOTA-yttrium chelates. Affinity maturation resulted in a 1000-fold affinity improvement to biotinylated DOTA-yttrium, yielding an 8.2±1.9 picomolar binder. The high-affinity scFv binds DOTA complexes of lutetium and gadolinium with similar picomolar affinity and indium chelates with low nanomolar affinity. When engineered into a bispecific antibody construct targeting carcinoembryonic antigen, pretargeted high-affinity scFv results in significantly higher tumor retention of a 111 In-DOTA hapten compared to pretargeted wild-type scFv in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusions We have engineered a versatile, high-affinity, DOTA-chelate-binding scFv. We anticipate it will prove useful in developing pretargeted imaging and therapy protocols to exploit the potential of a variety of radiometals.
Effect of stress and temperature on the micromechanics of creep in highly irradiated bone and dentin

Abstract Synchrotron X-ray diffraction is used to study in situ the evolution of phase strains during compressive creep deformation in bovine bone and dentin for a range of compressive stresses and irradiation rates, at ambient and body temperatures. In all cases, compressive strains in the collagen phase increase with increasing creep time (and concomitant irradiation), reflecting macroscopic deformation of the sample. By contrast, compressive elastic strains in the hydroxyapatite (HAP) phase, created upon initial application of compressive load on the sample, decrease with increasing time (and irradiation) for all conditions; this load shedding behavior is consistent with damage at the HAP–collagen interface due to the high irradiation doses (from ~ 100 to ~ 9,000 kGy). Both the HAP and fibril strain rates increase with applied compressive stress, temperature and irradiation rate, which is indicative of greater collagen molecular sliding at the HAP–collagen interface and greater intermolecular sliding (i.e., plastic deformation) within the collagen network. The temperature sensitivity confirms that testing at body temperature, rather than ambient temperature, is necessary to assess the in vivo behavior of bone and teeth. The characteristic pattern of HAP strain evolution with time differs quantitatively between bone and dentin, and may reflect their different structural organization.