cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of a gene expression system based on potato virus X to rapidly identify and characterize a tomato Pto homolog that controls fenthion sensitivity.

A novel transient gene expression system was used to study both the tomato disease resistance gene Pto and a Pto homolog designated Fen. The gene expression system was based on potato virus X (PVX). Tomato plants that were both susceptible to strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the corresponding avirulence gene avrPto and insensitive to the insecticide fenthion were infected with in vitro-generated transcripts of PVX derivatives containing either Pto or Fen. Expression of the Pto gene from the virus genome failed to elicit P.s. tomato resistance, indicating that the PVX system is not suitable for the study of Pto. However, expression of the Fen gene resulted in sensitivity to fenthion. The utility of the PVX gene expression system was further demonstrated through structure/function studies of the Fen gene. A correlation was shown between Fen protein kinase activity and the ability of this protein to confer fenthion sensitivity to tomato. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that mutation of a putative N-terminal myristoylation site, proposed to be involved in membrane targeting, rendered the Fen protein inactive. Analysis of a Pto-Fen chimeric gene allowed the fenthion sensitivity domain to be localized to the C-terminal part of the Fen protein. Interestingly, expression of the Fen kinase from the PVX genome in Nicotiana spp resulted in a fenthion-independent necrotic response. Our results support the involvement of the Fen gene in a signal transduction pathway(s).
First-order reversal curve diagram analysis of a perpendicular nickel nanopillar array

We apply a first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagram analysis to a perpendicular nickel nanopillar array. We find that the FORC diagram signature of this system consists of a two-branch ``wishbone'' structure. Two distinct negative regions are also observed, along with a prominent reversible ridge. The objective of this paper is to find a qualitative physical understanding or interpretation of these features. To accomplish this, we employ an interacting hysteron model. We find that a collection of symmetric hysterons with distributed coercivities and antiparallel mean field can account for the wishbone signature and one of the negative regions. By employing curvilinear hysterons, we can account for the reversible ridge and the other of the negative regions. Through a comparison of modeling and experimental work, we obtain a quantitative estimate of the dipolar interaction strength.
STING-Dependent Cytosolic DNA Sensing Mediates Innate Immune Recognition of Immunogenic Tumors

SUMMARY Spontaneous T cell responses against tumors occur frequently and have prognostic value in patients. The mechanism of innate immune sensing of immunogenic tumors leading to adaptive T cell responses remains undefined, although type I interferons (IFNs) are implicated in this process. We found that spontaneous CD8 + T cell priming against tumors was defective in mice lacking stimulator of interferon genes complex (STING), but not other innate signaling pathways, suggesting involvement of a cytosolic DNA sensing pathway. In vitro, IFN-b production and dendritic cell activation were triggered by tumor-cellderived DNA, via cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), STING, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). In the tumor microenvironment in vivo, tumor cell DNA was detected within host antigen-presenting cells, which correlated with STING pathway activation and IFN-b production. Our results demonstrate that a major mechanism for innate immune sensing of cancer occurs via the host STING pathway, with major implications for cancer immunotherapy.
A typology of organisational cultures

There is wide belief that organisational culture shapes many aspects of performance, including safety. Yet proof of this relationship in a medical context is hard to find. In contrast to human factors, whose contributions are many and notable, culture's impact remains a common-sense, rather than a scientific, concept. The objectives of this paper are to show that organisational culture bears a predictive relationship with safety and that particular kinds of organisational culture improve safety, and to develop a typology predictive of safety performance. Because information flow is both influential and also indicative of other aspects of culture, it can be used to predict how organisations or parts of them will behave when signs of trouble arise. From case studies and some systematic research it appears that information culture is indeed associated with error reporting and with performance, including safety. Yet this relationship between culture and safety requires more exploration before the connection can be considered definitive.
On the spontaneous lifetime change in an ideal planar microcavity-transition from a mode continuum to quantized modes

The spontaneous emission lifetime of an atom is known to be influenced by its environment. In general, the lifetime will be different if the atom is suspended in free space than if it is placed inside a cavity. A simple cavity geometry in which to explore this effect is the planar cavity. In a paper by Brorson, Yokoyama, and Ippen, the authors derived the minimum lifetime in a planar cavity to be one-third of the free space (no cavity) lifetime, and the appropriate mirror spacing was found to be one-half wavelength. In a paper by Yamamoto, Machida, and Bjork, it was concluded that the lifetime for a half-wavelength-long cavity was only two-thirds of the free space lifetime. In this paper, the discrepancy between these results is clarified and it is shown that the shortest lifetime is indeed one-third of the free space lifetime; but to achieve this, the cavity has to be slightly longer than one-half wavelength. This will influence the emission mode pattern in a way that, in general, is undesirable for a surface emitting laser. It is also shown that a strictly half-wavelength-long cavity has a lifetime of two-thirds of the free space lifetime. The model employed has the attractive feature that if allows a smooth transition from a fully open system with the atom interacting with a mode continuum, to the fully closed system with quantized photon modes. >
The Influence of Elections on the Accounting Choices of Governmental Entities

This paper investigates whether gubernatorial elections affect state governments’ accounting choices. We identify two accounts, the compensated absence liability account and the unfunded pension liability account, which provide incumbent gubernatorial candidates with flexibility for manipulation. We find that in an election year, the liability associated with compensated absences and unfunded pension liabilities are both systematically lower. We also find that the variation in these employment related liabilities is correlated with proxies for the incumbent’s incentives and ability to manipulate their accounting reports. Jointly these results suggest that state governments manipulate accounting numbers to present a healthier financial picture in an election year.
Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA

ABSTRACT Nutritional, behavioral, and diet data for lesser scaup (Aythya affinis [Eyton, 1838]) indicates that there has been a decrease in amphipod (Gammarus lacustris [G. O. Sars, 1863] and Hyalella azteca [Saussure, 1858]) density and wetland quality throughout the upper-Midwest, USA. Accordingly, we estimated densities of Gammarus and Hyalella in six eco-physiographic regions of Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota; 356 randomly selected semipermanent and permanent wetlands were sampled during springs 2004 and 2005. We also examined indices of wetland quality (e.g., turbidity, fish communities, aquatic vegetation) among regions in a random subset of these wetlands (n = 267). Gammarus and Hyalella were present in 19% and 54% of wetlands sampled, respectively. Gammarus and Hyalella densities in North Dakota were higher than those in Iowa and Minnesota. Although historical data are limited, our regional mean (1 to 12 m−3 ) amphipod densities (Gammarus + Hyalella) were markedly lower than any of the histor...
A solid-phase enzyme-linked assay for vitamin B12

A new solid-phase enzyme-linked competitive binding assay for vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is described. The assay is based on the competition between analyte B12 molecules and a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-vitamin B12 conjugate for a limited number of R-protein binding sites immobilized on sepharose particles. After appropriate incubation and washing steps, the enzyme activity bound to the solid-phase is inversely related to the concentration of B12 in the sample. Under optimized conditions, the method can detect B12 in the range of 3×10−10−1×10−8M (using 100μl sample) with high selectivity over other biological molecules.
Remote detection of gastroesophageal reflux using an impedance and pH sensing transponder

In this work, we developed a dual-sensor system to monitor the symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The system consists of an implantable transponder and an external reader. The passive telemetry for signal transduction is based on an inductive link between two coil antennas. The reader supplies radio frequency power, obtains and stores the backscattered sensory data. The dual-sensor transponder detects both impedance and pH changes associated with the gastroesophageal reflux episodes and sends load-modulated signals back. Bench-top experiments were conducted to examine the robustness of the wireless transponding system. Preliminary in vivo experiments were conducted with a live pig. Our dual-sensor transponder system has successfully demonstrated its capability for effective GERD symptom monitoring.
Simulations of Cyclone Sidr in the Bay of Bengal with a high-resolution model: sensitivity to large-scale boundary forcing

The predictability of Cyclone Sidr in the Bay of Bengal was explored in terms of track and intensity using the Advanced Research Hurricane Weather Research Forecast (AHW) model. This constitutes the first applica- tion of the AHW over an area that lies outside the region of the North Atlantic for which this model was developed and tested. Several experiments were conducted to understand the possible contributing factors that affected Sidr's intensity and track simulation by varying the initial start time and domain size. Results show that Sidr's track was strongly controlled by the synoptic flow at the 500-hPa level, seen especially due to the strong mid-latitude wes- terly over north-central India. A 96-h forecast produced westerly winds over north-central India at the 500-hPa level that were notably weaker; this likely caused the modeled cyclone track to drift from the observed actual track. Reducing the model domain size reduced model error in the synoptic-scale winds at 500 hPa and produced an improved cyclone track. Specifically, the cyclone track appeared to be sensitive to the upstream synoptic flow, and was, therefore, sensitive to the location of the western boundary of the domain. However, cyclone intensity remained largely unaffected by this synoptic wind error at the 500-hPa level. Comparison of the high resolution, moving nested domain with a single coarser resolution domain showed little difference in tracks, but resulted in significantly different intensities. Experiments on the domain size with regard to the total precipitation simulated by the model showed that precipitation patterns and 10-m surface winds were also different. This was mainly due to the mid-latitude westerly flow across the west side of the model domain. The analysis also suggested that the total precipitation pattern and track was unchanged when the domain was extended toward the east, north, and south. Furthermore, this highlights our conclusion that Sidr was influenced from the west side of the domain. The dis- placement error was significantly reduced after the domain size from the western model boundary was decreased. Study results demonstrate the capability and need of a high-resolution mesoscale modeling framework for simu- lating the complex interactions that contribute to the for- mation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal region.
Freeform Surface Copy-and-Paste: A Mechanism for Transferring Brand-Identity Elements From One Object to Another

The goal of this work is to provide industrial designers with an intuitive mechanism for transferring brand-identity elements from one object to another, and to allow manual modifications of physical prototype details to be scanned and reincorporated back into original digital models. An algorithm to copy-and-paste freeform details from one freeform surface to another using displacement field and planar parameterization operators is presented. A tool based on the algorithm is developed such that, from the designer’s viewpoint, details from one surface can be mapped to another in two steps: the selection of the detail to transfer (copy); and the choice of the surface onto which the detail is to be mapped (paste). A proof of concept has been implemented and is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the framework.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The Ten Most Frequent Causes of Simulation Analysis Failure- and How To Avoid Them !

Simulation analysis studies too often fail to yield use ful results, and the reasons for failure are frequently the same. This paper states the ten most common causes of failure and outlines the principles for overcoming them.
On the Numerical Solution of Two-Point Boundary Value Problems

Abstract : This paper, presents a new numerical method for the solution of linear two-point boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations. After reducing the differential equation to a second kind integral equation. The latter are discretized via a high order Nystrom scheme. A somewhat involved analytical apparatus is then constructed which allows for the solution of the discrete system using O(N (dot) p2) operations, where N is the number of nodes on the interval and p is the desired order of convergence. Thus, the advantages of the integral equation formulation (small condition number, insensitivity to boundary layers, insensitivity to end-point singularities, etc.) are retained, while achieving a computational efficiency previously available only to finite difference or finite element methods. Keywords: Two-Point boundary value problems; Integral equations; Chebyshev polynomials; Approximation theory.
Single-Cycle Optical Pulse Generation

By electronically adjusting the phases of seven Raman sidebands which span 1.56 µm to 410 nm we generate a train of well-formed single-cycle optical pulses with a pulsewidth of 1.6 fs.
Does Skin in the Game Matter if You Aren't Playing? Examining Participation in Oregon's Public Employee Health Engagement Model.

Abstract Purpose. Employers are increasingly exploring health benefits that incentivize lifestyle change for employees. We used early data from an ongoing study of one such model—the Health Engagement Model (HEM), which Oregon implemented for all public employees in 2012—to analyze variation in employee participation and engagement. Design. A survey was designed to assess program engagement, opinions of the program, and self-reported lifestyle changes. Setting. Data were collected in 2012, about 9 months after HEM launched. Subjects. A representative random sample of 4500 state employees served as the study subjects. Measures. Primary measures included whether employees signed up for the program, completed its required activities, and reported making lifestyle changes. Analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze survey results. Results. Most employees (86%) chose to participate, but there were important socioeconomic differences: some key target populations, including smokers and obese employees, we...
Coronary artery vasospasm and cardiogenic shock as the initial presentation for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A 68-year-old woman presented to our hospital with unstable angina and was admitted for further evaluation. While hospitalized, she developed persistent angina with hypotension along with ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V2 along with lead aVR elevation on 12-lead electrocardiogram. Coronary angiography revealed diffuse multi-vessel coronary vasospasm most notably in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Due to incomplete resolution of vasospasm with intracoronary verapamil and nitroglycerin, along with hemodynamic compromise requiring an intra-aortic balloon pump, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the LAD was performed. Clinical workup revealed hypereosinophlia and elevated IgE; diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was confirmed with evidence of radiographic migratory pulmonary infiltrates and airway obstruction on spirometry. The patient had recurrent angina after PCI but her symptoms resolved fully after a course of corticosteroids. We attribute her refractory vasospastic angina to previously undiagnosed small/medium-vessel vasculitis.
Eating behaviors among low-income obese adults in the United States: Does health care provider's advice carry any weight

The U.S. Preventive Task Force recommends that all patients be screened for obesity and given appropriate weight loss advice, if needed, as nutrition counseling by primary care physicians is a key objective for Healthy People 2020. This study assesses the association between health care provider's (HCP) advice to lose weight and eating behaviors among obese individuals. Data were collected using a household survey of adults in five New Jersey cities in 2009-10. Analyses presented are limited to 548 obese participants. Negative-binomial regression analysis determined the association of participants' eating behaviors and HCP's advice to lose weight, after adjusting for the participant's attempt to lose weight and demographic variables. Despite being obese, only 48% of the participants received weight loss advice from their HCP while 68% stated they were attempting to lose weight. HCP's advice to lose weight was associated with increased salad and fruit consumption (PR 1.3, 95% CI 1.06-1.61; PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.48). Attempting to lose weight was positively associated with a higher consumption of fruit (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.72), vegetables (PR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.39), and with eating fruits and vegetables as snacks (PR 1.62, 95% CI 1.28-2.05). Attempting to lose weight was negatively associated with consumption of sweet snacks (PR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.94), sugar sweetened beverages (PR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58-0.87) and fast food (PR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.97). There were no significant interactions between HCP's advice and attempts to lose weight. Obese adult's attempt to lose weight, and not HCP's advice to lose weight, was a predictor for healthy eating behaviors. Interventions in medical practices should train HCPs on effective strategies for motivating obese patients to adopt healthier lifestyles.
Cancer Incidence in Appalachia, 2004–2011

Background: Limited literature is available about cancer in the Appalachian Region. This is the only known analysis of all cancers for Appalachia and non-Appalachia covering 100% of the US population. Appalachian cancer incidence and trends were evaluated by state, sex, and race and compared with those found in non-Appalachian regions. Methods: US counties were identified as Appalachian or non-Appalachian. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates, standard errors, and confidence intervals were calculated using the most recent data from the United States Cancer Statistics for 2004 to 2011. Results: Generally, Appalachia carries a higher cancer burden compared with non-Appalachia, particularly for tobacco-related cancers. For all cancer sites combined, Appalachia has higher rates regardless of sex, race, or region. The Appalachia and non-Appalachia cancer incidence gap has narrowed, with the exception of oral cavity and pharynx, larynx, lung and bronchus, and thyroid cancers. Conclusions: Higher cancer incidence continues in Appalachia and appears at least in part to reflect high tobacco use and potential differences in socioeconomic status, other risk factors, patient health care utilization, or provider practices. It is important to continue to evaluate this population to monitor results from screening and early detection programs, understand behavioral risk factors related to cancer incidence, increase efforts to reduce tobacco use and increase cancer screening, and identify other areas where effective interventions may mediate disparities. Impact: Surveillance and evaluation of special populations provide means to monitor screening and early detection programs, understand behavioral risk factors, and increase efforts to reduce tobacco use to mediate disparities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 250–8. ©2016 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 227][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/25/227?iss=2
Heesch Numbers of Edge-Marked Polyforms

AbstractIn this article, the results of a computerized search for edge-marked polyforms (tiles formed from either equilateral triangles, squares, or regular hexagons) with finite Heesch number are presented.
Metagenomic Investigation of Viral Communities in Ballast Water.

Ballast water is one of the most important vectors for the transport of non-native species to new aquatic environments. Due to the development of new ballast water quality standards for viruses, this study aimed to determine the taxonomic diversity and composition of viral communities (viromes) in ballast and harbor waters using metagenomics approaches. Ballast waters from different sources within the North America Great Lakes and paired harbor waters were collected around the Port of Duluth—Superior. Bioinformatics analysis of over 550 million sequences showed that a majority of the viral sequences could not be assigned to any taxa associated with reference sequences, indicating the lack of knowledge on viruses in ballast and harbor waters. However, the assigned viruses were dominated by double-stranded DNA phages, and sequences associated with potentially emerging viral pathogens of fish and shrimp were detected with low amino acid similarity in both ballast and harbor waters. Annotation-independent com...
The Theory of Global Establishmentism

Many scholars have noted that ‘we are at the point of a major mutation in economic structure’ across the world (Owensby 1982:15). Certainly phrases like ‘planetary planning’, ‘plurinational capitalism’, and ‘geo-economics of corporate rationality’ have a flamboyant ring (Catao 1982:5; Owensby 1982:3, 14). Yet as Owensby points out: ‘The idea of transnational firms being “Earth Managers” is not a mere contractual possibility. Increasingly it is a fact of history’ (1982:4).
Advisors, Faculty, and Librarians: Collaborating for Student Success

ABSTRACTLibrarians have continuously struggled with developing quality relationships with faculty and advisors to support students online. In 2014, Rasmussen College introduced a one-stop student support model of service that makes a student's advisor their primary point of contact for library resources, academic support, financial aid, course scheduling, and advising conversations. Support services were aligned centrally across all Rasmussen campuses, designating a librarian to assist students by programmatic area, instead of by campus. Librarians developed partnerships and resources to support advisors and faculty in their interactions with students needing academic assistance. Rasmussen College made a concentrated effort to significantly increase its library and learning electronic resources to contribute to student success. As a result of these efforts, we have improved connectivity with faculty and advisors and have seen increased usage of library resources.
Sensitivity Analysis in Sequential Decision Models: A Probabilistic Approach

Background: Sequential decision problems are frequently encountered in medical decision making, which are commonly solved using Markov decision processes (MDPs). Modeling guidelines recommend condu...
Impact of channel spacing on the design of a mixed-line-rate optical network

Due to the increasing heterogeneity and the growing volume of traffic, telecom backbone networks are going through new innovations and paradigm shift. The wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks may cost-effectively support the growing heterogeneity of traffic demands by having mixed line rates (MLR) over different wavelength channels.
A Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Interactive Middle School Cannabis Prevention Programs

This meta-analysis examines the effectiveness of interactive middle school-based drug prevention programs on adolescent cannabis use in North America, as well as program characteristics that could moderate these effects. Interactive programs, compared to more didactic, lecture style programs, involve participants in skill-building activities and focus on interaction among participants. A systematic literature search was conducted for English-language studies from January 1998 to March 2014. Studies included evaluations using random assignment or a quasi-experimental design of interactive school-based substance use prevention programs delivered to adolescents (aged 12–14) in North American middle schools (grades 6–8). Data were extracted using a coding protocol. The outcomes of interest were post-treatment cannabis use, intent to use, and refusal skills compared across intervention and control groups. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated from continuous measures, and dichotomous measures were converted to the d index. A total of 30 studies yielding 23 independent samples were included. The random effects pooled effect size for cannabis use (k = 21) was small ( $$ \overline{d} $$ = -0.07, p < 0.01) and favorable for the prevention programs. The pooled effect sizes for intention to use (k = 3) and refusal skills (k = 3) were not significant. Moderator analyses indicated significant differences in program effectiveness between instructor types, with teachers found to be most effective ( $$ \overline{d} $$ = –0.08, p = 0.02). The findings provide further support for the use of interactive school-based programs to prevent cannabis use among middle school students in North America.
Fluorometric Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli in Molluscan Shellfish.

A novel procedure for enumerating Escherichia coli in molluscan shellfish has been developed and evaluated. The method, a singular modification of the APHA most probable number (MPN) procedure, incorporates a fluorogenic molecule, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG), into the confirmed medium (EC) at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. The substrate could not be incorporated into the presumptive medium (LST) because of fluorescence resulting from the shellfish tissues themselves. After incubation, tubes were examined for fluorescence under long-wave ultraviolet light. Fluorescence indicated presence of E. coli . Of 1151 EC tubes examined for E. coli , both positive and negative for fluorescence, the confirmed positive rate was 91% and the false-negative rate was 11%. Certain problems inherent to the classical MPN procedure itself may understate and overstate these rates, respectively. Of more than 500 E. coli and non- E. coli isolates examined for β-glucuronidase activity, 95% of the E. coli isolates were positive for this enzyme, and only one non- E. coli isolate (a Shigella species) produced the enzyme. The MUG method, which requires only 48 h for enumeration of E. coli in shellfish, provides a considerable saving in time and labor over the standard APHA MPN procedure.
Exploration of a new model of care in a psychiatry unit

The model established at Orillia Soldiers Memorial Hospital involves family physicians as the most responsible physician. They act as "admission gatekeeper" for all unattached patients who are admitted to the psychiatry in-patient unit. A PubMed, EBSCO, OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science database review of the last 10 years (2006-2016) was undertaken. A satisfaction survey was undertaken. An intensive literature review found this model to be unique. The model has proved to be extremely efficient and cost-effective.
Ethical and moral dilemmas confronting forensic scientists.

Ethical and moral dilemmas that create “no win” situations must be changed into problems that permit “all win” solutions. Professional ethics are grounded on personal morals, hence an individual's concepts of faith, health, and justice are significant. Word professions like journalism and forensic sciences invite comparative analysis of their ethical and moral dilemmas. Examples of current dilemmas in the forensic sciences involve criminalistics, questioned documents, toxicology, pathology, psychiatry, and jurisprudence. All such specialities must elevate their ethics by professionally recognizing themselves, not as chemists, physicians, criminalists, and so forth but as forensic scientists—expert witnesses in the legislative, executive, and judicial processes of law and justice. Education in moral and ethical issues from the junior high school through professional schools and in the professional practice offers promise for resolving ethical and moral dilemmas by transforming the unsolvable dilemmas into soluble problems. An exemplary beginning in public education for professional ethics is being manifested in the area of computer ethics. Practical adjustments in ethics and morals can be achieved through “experience developed by reason and reason tested by experience.”
Mediators of compassionate goal intervention effects on human neuroendocrine responses to the Trier Social Stress Test.

AbstractObjectives: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is thought to mediate the effects of stress on illness. Research has identified a limited number of psychological variables that modulate human HPA responses to stressors (e.g. perceived control and social support). Prosocial goals can reduce subjective stress, but have not been carefully examined in experimental settings where pathways of impact on biological stress markers may be traced. Recent work demonstrated that coaching individuals to strive to help others reduced HPA responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) relative to other cognitive interventions. However, identification of mediational pathways, which were not examined in the original study, is necessary to determine whether the HPA buffering effects were due to helping motivations (compassionate goals; CGs) rather than via previously identified variables such as control or support.Methods: In this new analysis, we combined the original cortisol data with novel observer r...
E. Wyndham Hulme's Classification of the Attributes of Books: On an Early Model of a Core Bibliographical Entity

Modelling bibliographical entities is a prominent activity within knowledge organization today. Current models of bibliographic entities, such as Functional Requirements for Bibliographical Records (FRBR) and the Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME), take inspiration from data-modelling methods developed by computer scientists from the mid-1970s on. Thus, it would seem that the modelling of bibliographic entities is an activity of very recent vintage. However, it is possible to find examples of bibliographical models from earlier periods of knowledge organization. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to one such model, outlined by the early 20th-century British classification theorist E. Wyndham Hulme in his essay on “Principles of Book Classification” (1911–1912). There, Hulme set forth a classification of various attributes by which books can conceivably be classified. These he first divided into accidental and inseparable attributes. Accidental attributes were subdivided into edition-level and copy-level attributes and inseparable attitudes, into physical and non-physical attributes. Comparison of Hulme’s classification of attributes with those of FRBR and BIBFRAME 2.0 reveals that the different classes of attributes in Hulme’s classification correspond to groups of attributes associated with different bibliographical entities in those models. These later models assume the existence of different bibliographic entities in an abstraction hierarchy among which attributes are distributed, whereas Hulme posited only a single entity— the book—, whose various aspects he clustered into different classes of attributes. Thus, Hulme’s model offers an interesting alternative to current assumptions about how to conceptualize the relationship between attributes and entities in the bibliographical universe.
Changes in Alternative Splicing as Pharmacodynamic Markers for Sudemycin D6

Objective: The aim of the study was to define pharmacodynamic markers for sudemycin D6, an experimental cancer drug that changes alternative splicing in human blood. Methods: Blood samples from 12 donors were incubated with sudemycin D6 for up to 24 hours, and at several time points total RNA from lymphocytes was prepared and the pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing patterns were analyzed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Similar to immortalized cells, blood lymphocytes change alternative splicing due to sudemycin D6 treatment. However, lymphocytes in blood respond slower than immortalized cultured cells. Conclusions: Exon skipping in the DUSP11 and SRRM1 pre-mRNAs are pharmacodynamic markers for sudemycin D6 treatment and show effects beginning at 9 hours after treatment.
Digital Humanities: Practicum for the Future

This poster will address the authors' plans for student involvement in a digital humanities project. Through involvement in this project, computing-related students will be prepared to move outside of STEM, while humanities students will be exposed to analytic techniques and tools used in the computing fields. Both groups will learn to work with multidisciplinary methodologies and data.
A simple and versatile system for the ATP-dependent assembly of chromatin

Chromatin is the natural form of DNA in the eukaryotic nucleus and is the substrate for diverse biological phenomena. The functional analysis of these processes ideally would be carried out with nucleosomal templates that are assembled with customized core histones, DNA sequences, and chromosomal proteins. Here we report a simple, reliable, and versatile method for the ATP-dependent assembly of evenly spaced nucleosome arrays. This minimal chromatin assembly system comprises the Drosophila nucleoplasmin-like protein (dNLP) histone chaperone, the imitation switch (ISWI) ATP-driven motor protein, core histones, template DNA, and ATP. The dNLP and ISWI components were synthesized in bacteria, and each protein could be purified in a single step by affinity chromatography. We show that the dNLP-ISWI system can be used with different DNA sequences, linear or circular DNA, bulk genomic DNA, recombinant or native Drosophila core histones, native human histones, the linker histone H1, the non-histone chromosomal protein HMGN2, and the core histone variants H3.3 and H2A.V. The dNLP-ISWI system should be accessible to a wide range of researchers and enable the assembly of customized chromatin with specifically desired DNA sequences, core histones, and other chromosomal proteins.
Preventing Human Error in Crane Operations: A Case Study of Organizational and Design Elements:

Between 2009 and 2016, 57 offshore crane-related incidents in the process industry resulted in numerous injuries and fatalities in the Gulf of Mexico region (Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enfo...
The ELISA Situation Frame extraction for low resource languages pipeline for LoReHLT’2016

This paper describes the Situation Frame extraction pipeline developed by team ELISA as a part of the DARPA Low Resource Languages for Emergent Incidents program. Situation Frames are structures describing humanitarian needs, including the type of need and the location affected by it. Situation Frames need to be extracted from text or speech audio in a low resource scenario where little data, including no annotated data, are available for the target language. Our Situation Frame pipeline is the final step of the overall ELISA processing pipeline and accepts as inputs the outputs of the ELISA machine translation and named entity recognition components. The inputs are processed by a combination of neural networks to detect the types of needs mentioned in each document and a second post-processing step connects needs to locations. The resulting Situation Frame system was used during the first yearly evaluation on extracting Situation Frames from text, producing encouraging results and was later successfully adapted to the speech audio version of the same task.
Proprioceptive Training for the Prevention of Ankle Sprains: An Evidence-Based Review.

Reference: Schiftan GS, Ross LA, Hahne AJ. The effectiveness of proprioceptive training in preventing ankle sprains in sporting populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport....
Kentucky Bluegrass Shade Cultivar Evaluation Trial

This is the initial establishment data from Kentucky bluegrass growing in natural shade conditions. This is a National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) ancillary trial, and is being conducted at several research stations in the United States. It contains 89 seeded cultivars, including a number of new experimental cultivars. Iowa State is conducting both a sun and shade setting of this trial.
Computing shapley values, manipulating value division schemes, and checking core membership in multi-issue domains

Coalition formation is a key problem in automated negotiation among self-interested agents. In order for coalition formation to be successful, a key question that must be answered is how the gains from cooperation are to be distributed. Various solution concepts have been proposed, but the computational questions around these solution concepts have received little attention. We study a concise representation of characteristic functions which allows for the agents to be concerned with a number of independent issues that each coalition of agents can address. For example, there may be a set of tasks that the capacity-unconstrained agents could undertake, where accomplishing a task generates a certain amount of value (possibly depending on how well the task is accomplished). Given this representation, we show how to quickly compute the Shapley value--a seminal value division scheme that distributes the gains from cooperation fairly in a certain sense. We then show that in (distributed) marginal-contribution based value division schemes, which are known to be vulnerable to manipulation of the order in which the agents are added to the coalition, this manipulation is NP-complete. Thus, computational complexity serves as a barrier to manipulating the joining order. Finally, we show that given a value division, determining whether some subcoalition has an incentive to break away (in which case we say the division is not in the core) is NP-complete. So, computational complexity serves to increase the stability of the coalition.
Stromal Cell Lines which Support Lymphocyte Growth

Cloned stromal cell lines developed by a number of laboratories are revealing complexity in the hemopoietic inductive microenvironment.1,2 From these, we now know a considerable amount about genes that may be constitutively expressed in stromal cells and those whose expression is elicited by exogenous stimuli. It is also becoming obvious that stromal cells retain differentiation potential, with a striking example being their differentiation to adipocytes.3 However, no single stromal cell clone supports all the B lineage differentiation events which normally occur within bone marrow and there are indications that stromal cells in culture differ in some ways from their counterparts in situ. Most stromal cell lines which have been described were originally selected for their ability to support growth and/or differentiation of a particular type of hemopoietic cell. Our BMS2 clone permits continuous growth of a number of cloned lymphocytes, which were themselves derived from long term bone marrow cultures.4 Subclones of BMS2 were prepared and analyzed to determine how stable the line is with repeated passage and if any variations in function correspond to expression of known genes. We now describe one subclone with several unique characteristics which antagonizes lymphocyte growth.
Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) of Gougerot and Carteaud is most likely a disorder of keratinization, although Dietzia and Pityrosporum organisms have been implicated. CRP causes hyperkeratotic and hyperpigmented papules which coalesce on the upper back and epigastric areas. This skin condition is often confused with tinea versicolor and acanthosis nigricans. Many reports found the condition to be more common in darker-skinned persons. Although there are many reported treatments for this benign skin condition, oral minocycline has been the most successful.
Retention Rates for the First Three Years of a Linked-courses Learning Community

While enrollments in computing degrees and courses have grown rapidly in the past decade, both female and minority male students remain underrepresented in computing programs. This makes recruitment and retention of these populations a continuing concern. To attempt to address the issue at our institution, we created a linked-courses learning community targeting females and minority males enrolled in several computing majors. Here we present retention rates for the first three years of the linked-courses learning community. The results show that the learning community appeared to make a difference for some cohorts, improving their retention rate and academic performance over comparable institutional populations. Unfortunately, the more challenges a cohort faced in terms of factors that contribute to a difficult transition to college, the less the learning community was able to overcome these challenges. There were also other differences between the cohorts, as seen in attitudes measured by pre- and post-quarter surveys, that complicate generalizations about the impact of the learning community.
Follow-up, follow along, service completion, and outcomes

Abstract Identifying and measuring outcomes of assistive technology (AT) services has been an evolving phenomenon in the field. With the development and implementation of evidence-based practice maturing across allied fields, alignment of meaningful outcomes measures with AT services is timely and of great interest to users of AT services, funders, families, policy makers, and professionals. AT professionals are encouraged to familiarize themselves with a foundational understanding of the underlying principles involved with outcomes measurement, access and utilize the resources available from credible sources, and integrate quality assurance and outcomes measurement into practice to ensure the best process and results possible for consumers of services.
Are 30-Day Outcomes Enough? Late Infectious Readmissions following Prosthetic-Based Breast Reconstruction.

Background Surgical-site infection is a major concern in prosthetic-based breast reconstruction. Thirty-day postoperative readmission rates are a common quality metric, but little is known about readmission rates for later infections. Methods Using the 2013 to 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database, the authors identified breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction with implants and tissue expanders who had an infectious readmission. The authors used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify predictors of infectious readmission and explantation within the early (0 to 30 days) and late (31 to 90 days) postoperative periods. Results In the weighted sample, the authors identified 18,338 patients undergoing prosthetic-based breast reconstruction. The overall infectious readmission rate was 4.1 percent (n = 759): 49.3 percent occurred early and 50.7 percent occurred late. Of the infectious readmissions, 39.5 percent required explantation, 55.1 percent of which occurred during a late infectious readmission. Seventy-five percent of these infectious readmissions and explantations occurred within 49 days of initial surgery. Median annual household income less than $40,000 (p = 0.035), diabetes (p = 0.038), and obesity (p = 0.004) were independent predictors of infectious readmission. Diabetes (p = 0.049) and hypertension (p = 0.011) were independent predictors of early readmission. Median annual household income less than $40,000 (p = 0.049), obesity (p = 0.006), and increasing length of stay during the index procedure (p = 0.028) were independent predictors of late readmission. No statistically significant independent predictors for explantation were identified. Conclusions Traditional 30-day readmission rates are not an adequate quality metric for breast reconstruction given the number of late postoperative readmissions, many of which lead to explantation. Early and late infectious readmissions have different predictors. Interventions targeting these predictors may decrease the number of readmissions, thus reducing cost and improving quality. Clinical question/level of evidence Risk, III.
Targeted Repression and Electoral Opposition under Authoritarianism: Effects of Expulsions of German Social Democrats, 1878-1890

Elections and repression are complements under authoritarian governments, not substitutes. However, we know relatively little about the effects of repression on political parties and electoral outcomes. I argue that parties are an example of a hierarchical network, and can sustain collective action when leaders are removed by targeted repression. I illustrate this logic in the case of Germany, where from 1878-1890 some local governments expelled social democratic leaders from their home districts. I estimate the effects of expulsions on electoral outcomes using a difference-in-difference research design which leverages variation in their timing and severity. I find they diminished the SPD's success at the polls. However, effects were restricted to the first election post-expulsions. I find only weak evidence that this is due to declining numbers of socialists expelled over time within districts. These findings show that authoritarian repression of leaders significantly impedes the electoral success of opposition parties. However, they also suggest the robustness of unified, hierarchical networks to targeted repression.
The non-parametric bootstrap and spectral analysis in moderate and high-dimension

We consider the properties of the bootstrap as a tool for inference concerning the eigenvalues of a sample covariance matrix computed from an n x p data matrix X. We focus on the modern framework where p/n is not close to 0 but remains bounded as n and p tend to infinity. Through a mix of numerical and theoretical considerations, we show that the non-parametric bootstrap is not in general a reliable inferential tool in the setting we consider. However, in the case where the population covariance matrix is well-approximated by a finite rank matrix, the non-parametric bootstrap performs as it does in finite dimension.