cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide by α-alumina supported 3 nm cerium dioxide nanoparticles

Abstract Alumina supported 3 nm cerium dioxide nanoparticles (ceria NPs) have been found to efficiently catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the presence of excess oxygen. Complete conversion of CO to CO 2 was achieved in a 44.5 mL/min flow of 7739 ppm CO ± 2%, 41,500 ppm O 2 ±2%, and helium as balance at 400 °C with low catalyst loadings. The activity of unsupported ceria NPs was greatly reduced, presumably due to sintering. Supported 3 nm ceria NPs were also found to be much more active than commercially available ceria micro-powder. Without prior thermal activation, supported 3 nm ceria NPs were found to lower the light-off temperature for CO oxidation by 200 and 100 °C compared to inactivated and activated ceria micro-powders, respectively. The ease with which this catalyst can be prepared from commercially available resources and its high reactivity indicates that this material shows promise as a means of lowering CO emissions from automobiles without increasing precious metal loadings in catalytic converters.
S-bend erosion in particulated multiphase flow with air and sand:

Solid particle erosion is a micro-mechanical process that removes material from a surface by repeated impact of entrained particles in the flow. Erosion is a leading cause of failure in fluid handling equipment such as pumps, pipes, valves, and fittings. The S-bend geometry is used to redirect flows in automotive, chemical processing, oil, gas, and food handling industries. An investigation was conducted using both computational fluid dynamics analysis and experimental methods to identify the location of maximum erosion. Three S-bend geometries with 12.7 mm inside diameter, r/D ratio of 1.5, three different air velocities and six different particle sizes were used in the current study. The experimental test section was of 12.7 mm inside diameter, r/D ratio of 1.5, and used 150 and 300 µm particle sizes.
Case 4: A Patterned Acute Skin Lesion on a Leg of a 17-month-old Boy

1. Nancy Kellogg, MD* 2. Sarah Northrop, MD* 3. John Browning, MD† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 2. †Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, TX A 17-month-old previously healthy boy presents to the emergency department with an unexplained skin lesion on his right leg. The mother reports seeing the lesion a few hours ago when the child returned home from a 2-day visit with his father. She says the father noted the mark 2 days earlier, and asked her if the child was allergic to socks. The parents have been separated since the child’s birth and share custody of their son. The treating physician notes a “bright red lesion” on the right leg posteriorly that is “sharply marginated,” photographs the lesion (Fig), and documents the lesion as suspicious for “nonaccidental trauma with an electric cord.” A report is made to Child Protective Services. However, the child does not undergo evaluation for abuse. Figure. An erythematous, slightly raised lesion is seen on the posterior aspect of the right leg. A child abuse specialist sees the child 3 days later. The mother indicates that the child had stated that his father hit him. The mother states that her son at 2 months of age had a …
Evaluation of medication system interface

Motivation - Development of a quantitative method for identification of interface design flaws. Research approach - Cognitive task analysis and fault analysis methodology were used to design a tool to capture expert user's experience with the interface. Findings/Design - Experienced users provided estimates of failure rates for each point in the fault tree. We found the need for numerous work-arounds impacted the time required for processing medications, making the interface under study inefficient. The method identified specific steps in the process of using the interface where re-design could improve efficiency. Originality/Value - This method can be used during system development, system selection or post deployment assessment of problematic systems. Take away message - This methodology provides an accessible method of quantifying error rates in specific components of the interface.
Examining Patient Perspectives on Weight Management Support in the Primary Care Setting.

Obesity affects more than one-third of Americans and is a leading cause of preventable death. Integrating patient perspectives into obesity treatment can help primary care providers (PCPs) intervene more effectively. In this study, we describe patients' experiences with PCPs concerning the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and offer suggestions for patient-centered care in weight management. We conducted four focus groups with patients of a university medical system-associated family practice who had a BMI ≥ 30. Interview questions addressed general weight management perceptions and preferences for weight management support in a primary care setting. Patients completed a brief demographic survey at the conclusion of the group. Four authors independently coded focus group notes to identify themes and determine saturation using qualitative thematic analysis. We resolved discrepancies by team discussion. Thirty primary care patients participated, of whom 23 were female and whose average age was 50. Twenty-four had attempted to lose weight in the past 12 months and had discussed management with their providers. Analyses identified four themes regarding weight management in a primary care setting: motivation and weight management, the provider-patient relationship, desire for concrete weight loss plans, and limitations of the primary care setting. Motivation was named as a weight management obstacle. Participants felt that PCPs need to be partners in weight management efforts and also recognized limitations of PCP time and expertise. They endorsed an integrated behavioral approach that includes physical activity and nutrition support. Improving PCP delivery of evidence-based treatment for obesity will lead to increased patient attempts to lose weight. Incorporating patients' desires for concrete plans, ongoing support, and referral to integrated service (e.g., nutritionists, care managers, behavioral health providers) programs can increase patient engagement and success. The chronic disease care and Patient Centered Medical Home models offer guidance for ensuring sustainability of weight management services.
Impact of Surfaces on Photoinduced Halide Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites

Photoinduced halide segregation currently limits the perovskite chemistries available for use in high-bandgap semiconductors needed for tandem solar cells. Here, we study the impact of post-deposition surface modifications on photoinduced halide segregation in methylammonium lead mixed-halide perovskites. By coating a perovskite surface with the electron-donating ligand trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), we are able to both reduce nonradiative recombination and dramatically slow the onset of halide segregation in CH3NH3PbI2Br films. This result, coupled with the observation that the rate of halide segregation can be tuned by varying the selective contact, provides a direct link between surface modifications and photoinduced trap formation. On the basis of these observations, we discuss possible mechanisms for photoinduced halide segregation supported by drift-diffusion simulations. This work suggests that improved understanding and control of perovskite surfaces provides a pathway toward stable and high-perf...
Multi-Point Design and Optimization of a Turboshaft Engine for a Tiltwing Turboelectric VTOL Air Taxi

This paper describes the design of a turboshaft engine for a tiltwing air taxi application. In this case, the tiltwing air taxi is intended to fly a 400-nautical mile mission with up to fifteen passengers. Engine requirements for the concept engine are taken from aircraft system studies where thrust is produced by four propellers driven by electric motors and powered by a single gas turbine engine. The purpose of this paper is to perform a cycle design optimization that minimizes fuel consumption and weight while respecting current technology limitations to meet mission requirements. To achieve results, the engine overall pressure ratio and maximum temperature at the exit of the combustor are set as the design parameters. Several sensitivity studies are also performed to visualize optimization trends. Results of the optimization study show solutions are heavily dependent on engine cooling flow requirements and exact mission requirements. This engine is intended for use in large system optimization research.
A 208Y/120-volt 120-ampere three-pole 400-cycle electrically operated aircraft circuit breaker

With the selection of the 208Y/120-volt three-phase 400-cycle a-c system by the Army Air Forces for large aircraft, there has arisen the need for appropriate switchgear. In order to be applicable to the electric systems of such planes, switchgear must be able to perform its normal and emergency functions under the encountered conditions of temperature, pressure, humidity, vibration, and acceleration. This paper describes a 120-ampere remotely controlled electrically operated air circuit breaker designed for use as a bus sectionalizing, ring tie, or generator breaker on the 400-cycle grounded-neutral system. The interrupting rating of this breaker is 3,800 amperes at all pressures from sea level to 50,000 feet altitude. The closing solenoid and shunt trip coils have been designed to operate over a wide range of ambient temperature and control voltage. Weight and size, being primary considerations in aircraft equipment, have been held to a minimum.
Radiation Enhanced Tumor Cell Receptor Expression and Metastasis

In previous studies we demonstrated a correlation between expression of the αIIbβ3 integrin receptor complex and metastatic potential (1,2). Increased expression of the αIIbβ3 receptor complex results in: 1) increased B16 (amelanotic melanoma) tumor cell adhesion to biological substrata (i.e., endothelial cell monolayers and individual components of the basal lamina such as fibronectin); 2) increased tumor cell induced platelet aggregation; and 3) increased expertimentally induced metastasis. In addition, we have identified a metabolite of the arachidonic acid cascade (i.e., 12-HETE) and an exogenous stimulator of arachidonic acid metabolism (i.e., TPA) which regulate the expression of the αIIbβ3 receptor (3). Our subsequent studies, using specific inhibitors of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways have revealed a network of biochemical events responsible for the expression of the αIIbβ3 complex and its causal role in regulating tumor cell adhesion, platelet aggregation and tumor cell arrest (4,5).
Immunity to Pertussis

Microorganisms that cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals may be denoted as “primary pathogens”. Most primary pathogens are inhabitants of and pathogens for humans only and have adapted to cause disease by many “virulence factors” that include toxins, capsules, adhesins, etc. From the vantage of vaccine development, most primary pathogens have only one component capable of inducing immunity (protective antigen). In 1975, Dr. Pearl Kendrick asked, “an whooping cough be eradicated?” [1]. This objective has been achieved on a small scale in Goteborg, Sweden by mass vaccination of the children with a monocomponent pertussis toxoid (PTxd) [2]. We proposed that an immunogenic PTxd is both necessary and sufficient for a pertussis vaccine [3–6]. An objection to this notion is that there is no direct correlation between the level of neutralizing antibody (antitoxin) and immunity to pertussis. But individuals without antitoxin are susceptible to pertussis and vaccination with PTxd alone confers immunity to this disease [7,8]. This is the situation with diphtheria toxoid, antitoxin, and immunity to diphtheria [9].
Design and Implementation of a Six-Session CURE Module Using Biofilms to Explore the Chemistry–Biology Interface

A six-laboratory session biofilm-focused biochemistry laboratory module is described. Through just six four-hour laboratory sessions over three weeks, students first master background knowledge and...
Locally Recurrent Leiomyoma of the Bladder Refractory to Visually Complete Transurethral Resection: An Indication for Cystoprostatectomy

Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that have low malignant potential (0.1%) and can arise in nearly any area of the body. Genitourinary involvement is very rare and represents only 0.05% of all bladder tumors (Mendes et al., 2017; GOK, 2017). The most common presenting symptoms of bladder leiomyomas are obstructive voiding (49%), irritative voiding (38%), and hematuria (11%) (Goluboff et al., 1994). Treatment involves complete excision, in this case transurethral resection (TUR), and generally results in complete cure with no recurrences noted in the 250 cases reported in the literature for open resection and 18% recurrence rates after TUR which were successfully treated with a repeat TUR in all cases. Herein, we report a case of leiomyoma of the bladder which was refractory to four visually complete transurethral resections and ultimately required radical cystoprostatectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion.
Selecting and using virtualization solutions: our experiences with VMware and VirtualBox

Virtualization provides a cost-effective solution for delivering hands-on education remotely. Various virtualization software packages are currently available. In this paper, we present our experiences with selecting and using virtualization technology for information and computer technology courses. VMware and VirtualBox are both viable choices with their advantages and disadvantages.
Advancing Cancer Control in San Francisco: Cancer Screening in Under-Represented Populations.

Introduction Cancer risk and screening data are limited in their ability to inform local interventions to reduce the burden of cancer in vulnerable populations. The San Francisco Health Information National Trends Survey was developed and administered to assess the use of cancer-related information among under-represented populations in San Francisco to provide baseline data for the San Francisco Cancer Initiative. Methods The survey instrument was developed through consultation with research and community partners and translated into 4 languages. Participants were recruited between May and September 2017 through community-based snowball sampling with quotas to ensure adequate numbers of under-represented populations. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used between 2018 and 2019 to assess differences in screening rates across groups and factors associated with cancer screening. Results One thousand twenty-seven participants were recruited. Asians had lower rates of lifetime mammogram (p=0.02), Pap test (p Conclusions Screening adherence varied by race, ethnicity, and screening type. A collaborative, community-based approach led to a large, diverse sample and may serve as a model for recruiting diverse populations to add knowledge about cancer prevention preferences and behaviors. Results suggest targeted outreach efforts are needed to address disparate cancer screening behaviors within this diverse population.
Development for the other 80%: Engineering hope *

Engineering faces many challenges: most of the world’s population is under-served by designers and interest in engineering is declining among students. International sustainable development enginee...
Experimental investigation of soiling losses and a novel cost-effective cleaning system for PV modules

Abstract Dust accumulation significantly reduces the efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) module, and the unavailability of an economical and efficient cleaning solution is the persistent problem. Therefore, the focus of this study is to investigate the effect of dust on PV performance and propose a novel cleaning system for the removal of dust from the PV modules. The outdoor experiment is conducted on the monocrystalline (mono-PV) and polycrystalline (poly-PV) PV modules. Each experimental set contains two PV modules (mono-PV and poly-PV), one set is cleaned every day and the other set left uncleaned throughout the experiment. The cleaning of the PV module is performed using pressurized water, sprayed through a flat-fan nozzle to clean the front surface. The wastewater is collected, filtered and directed back to the storage tank. The cleaning system has a water recovering capacity of 55% and a water requirement of 1.8 L per m2 of PV area. It has been analyzed and observed that the output power of the mono-PV module and poly-PV module has decreased by 16.16% and 11.54%, respectively after one month with the dust deposition density of 4.6 g/m2. The cleaning process improves the efficiency of the PV modules to 98% of it’s original value in 35 s of operation. It has been evaluated that the proposed cleaning system is cost-effective for commercial sized PV modules. Furthermore, the mono-PV module (400-watts) and poly-PV module (355-watts) should be cleaned within 85 days of dust accumulation for optimum energy usage.
Source of Energetic Protons in the 2014 September 1 Sustained Gamma-ray Emission Event.

We report on the source of ${>}\,300~\mbox{MeV}$ protons during the SOL2014-09-01 sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) event based on multi-wavelength data from a wide array of space- and ground-based instruments. Based on the eruption geometry we provide concrete explanation for the spatially and temporally extended $\gamma $-ray emission from the eruption. We show that the associated flux rope is of low inclination (roughly oriented in the east–west direction), which enables the associated shock to extend to the frontside. We compare the centroid of the SGRE source with the location of the flux rope’s leg to infer that the high-energy protons must be precipitating between the flux rope leg and the shock front. The durations of the SOL2014-09-01 SGRE event and the type II radio burst agree with the linear relationship between these parameters obtained for other SGRE events with duration $\geq 3~\mbox{hrs}$. The fluence spectrum of the SEP event is very hard, indicating the presence of high-energy (GeV) particles in this event. This is further confirmed by the presence of an energetic coronal mass ejection with a speed ${>}\,2000~\mbox{km}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}$, similar to those in ground level enhancement (GLE) events. The type II radio burst had emission components from metric to kilometric wavelengths as in events associated with GLE events. All these factors indicate that the high-energy particles from the shock were in sufficient numbers needed for the production of $\gamma $-rays via neutral pion decay.
Measurement and Identification of Parenting Behaviors Associated with Social-Emotional Outcomes in Children: The Racial and Cultural Appropriateness of a Commonly Used Parenting Measure

Objective The objective of this study was to examine parenting styles (observed parent-child interactions via the Two-Bag Task) associated with young children's socioemotional outcomes, comparing children from Mexican-American and African American families with children from their White counterparts. Methods The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort data were used to examine 6 global parenting styles with socioemotional outcomes at 48 months of age while controlling for both time-independent and time-depending sociodemographic, maternal mental health, and child characteristics. Data were stratified by race and ethnicity, and weighted longitudinal linear regressions models were estimated using STATA/Xtmixed. Results The 6 global parenting scores from the Two-Bag Task measures differed across White, African American, and Mexican-American groups of parents. White parents on average scored higher on parenting styles related to sensitivity, positive regard, and cognitive stimulation, whereas Mexican-American and African American parents scored lower. These parenting styles were associated with both approach to learning and social competence outcomes among White children but were nearly nonexistent for Mexican-American and African American children when adjusting for covariates. Conclusion Our results highlight the need to critically evaluate measures of parenting behaviors used in research studies with racially and ethnically diverse families. Examining the comprehensive psychometric properties and cultural appropriateness of parenting measures for diverse families is important to optimally support child development for non-White children. Furthermore, a critical lens is important to mitigate the perpetuation of inaccurate research findings for Mexican-American and African American children.
Reduction in Hysteresis Loss of Binder Jet Printed Iron Silicon With Boron

In this article, we use a factorial design of experiments to develop a three-way relationship between the 3-D printing parameters, the microstructural characteristics, and the hysteresis loss of binder jet printed iron silicon. Subsequent analysis of variance is used to validate the hypotheses between the printing process input factors and the output factors. The input factors in this work include the sintering temperature, the addition of boron, and the silicon content in the starting powder. The magnetic output factors of the printed iron silicon include the intrinsic coercivity and the hysteresis loss per cycle, which are extracted via the use of quasi-static magnetic characterization. Additionally, ac magnetic characterization is used to extract the total iron loss of the binder jet printed silicon. The microstructural output factors are extracted via the use of optical microscope. The established relationship can be used to reduce hysteresis loss in binder jet printed iron silicon.
Abstract T P120: Perception of Self-Motion using a Virtual Reality Environment Enhances Gait Adaptation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Background & Purpose: Perception of self-motion through VR provides a unique avenue to improve gait adaptation in chronic stroke survivors. Stroke subjects show deterioration in bilateral coordination during gait. Such asymmetrical gait patterns may benefit from training the lower limbs to walk under different task constraints for each leg. In this ongoing study, bilateral incoordination in gait was targeted with a split-belt paradigm and perception of self-motion was provided with a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The VR environment was hypothesized to enhance the split-belt adaptation by removing conflict between the static visual input (as in normal treadmill walking) and the dynamic proprioceptive input. Subjects & Methods: Healthy young, healthy older adults and chronic stroke survivors walked on a split-belt treadmill in either a VR or a non-VR environment while being exposed to different belt speeds (fast: 1.5m/s and slow: 0.5m/s) for each leg. The VR stimuli consisted of walking in an infinitely...
Without Peers? The Blind Spot in the Debate over How to Allocate Educational Control between Parent and State

Courts, policy makers and scholars have long struggled with the question of how to allocate educational control between parents and the state, particularly where parents' preferences are religiously motivated. While the debate reflects a broad range of viewpoints, these viewpoints share a common blind spot: They focus on the state's interest in imparting certain knowledge and skills, and ignore the state's interest in facilitating interactions among ideologically diverse peers. This paper argues that, particularly for older adolescents, the nature of their peer interactions has a far bigger impact on their development than does the content of their curriculum. Drawing on the psychological literature of child development, the paper suggests that exposing these older adolescents to ideologically unlike peers will facilitate identity development that best balances their interest in maintaining a sense of affiliation with their parent's religious community, on the one hand, and their interest in exercising autonomy in the making of religious choices, on the other. The paper raises questions about the appropriateness of home schooling and even private religious schools in the late teenage years, and considers measures short of prohibiting such forms of education that might encourage ideological mixing among these students.
A factorial analysis of motor co-ordination

Abstract Part I. The multiple-group method of factoring was used to extract eight factors from the intercorrelations of 21 variables that had been used in the past to measure some phase of motor co-ordination. Five of the factors (balancing objects, tempo, two-handed agility, speed of change of direction of the arms and hands, and body balance) permitted rather clear interpretation. Factors E, G, and H were left unnamed and need further clarification. Part II. A comparison of the centroid and the multiple-group methods of factoring the same data was made. A least squares approximation of the F matrix from the V matrix was made. It was shown, that for all practical purposes, the two methods yield similar solutions when the same communalities are used in both solutions.
A child with a congenital epidermal nevus, epilepsy and developmental delays: Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome

Abstract This report describes a child who presented at birth with a large congenital scalp nevus that was successfully serially excised in three stages during the second year of life. As the child's development progressed, delayed milestones became apparent and seizures developed. The child was diagnosed with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome (LNSS). LNSS is a subtype of epidermal nevi associated with seizures, psychomotor retardation and neurocognitive delays. It is essential for pediatricians to be aware of the existence of a spectrum of epidermal nevus syndromes and make timely treatment referrals.
Viruses and renal carcinoma of Rana pipiens. VI. Interrelationships of macromolecular synthesis and infectious virus production in frog virus 3-infected BHK 21/13 cells.

Abstract A number of selected inhibitors of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis were used to determine interrelationships of macromolecular syntheses during FV 3 replication in BHK 21 13 cells. Infectious virus production was dependent on uninterrupted viral DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis. Both RNA and protein biosyntheses were dependent on continuous DNA replication throughout the virus growth cycle. In the absence of viral DNA replication, proteins associated with DNA synthesis did not accumulate and viral structural protein was not made. The effective life of some protein(s) associated with DNA synthesis was about 1 hour. The results are compared with those obtained with some other viruses, particularly poxviruses.
Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas (Kohl, Podgorny, and Gänger, eds.)

This work is a book review considering the title Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas edited by Philip L. Kohl, Irina Podgorny, and Stefanie Ganger.
Integration of Specification for Modeling and Specification for System Design

This paper presents a procedure of transforming an Estelle specification into Stochastic Reward Net(SRN) formalism. Estelle is an ISO standard formal specification language which can help avoid ambiguity, incompleteness and inconsistency in system development. SRN is a well-developed modeling technique that is used to carry out performance and reliability analysis. Integration of specification for system design like Estelle and specification for modeling like SRN can minimize the effort and the cost in designing a functionally correct as well as reliable and performance satisfied system. The objective of transforming Estelle into SRN is to have a system designer specify a system using Estelle and then the specification is automatically transformed into SRN to carry out the performance and reliability analysis.
Should compensation be based on costs or benefits

Abstract In restitution cases should the compensation be based on the benefit to one side or on the cost to the other side? For example, should a rescuer be compensated for the costs to the rescuer or for the benefits to the rescuee? A similar question can be asked regarding awards in nuisance and accident cases. For example, should a polluter be liable for the damage to the pollutee or for the benefit to the polluter from not having to install smoke scrubbers? In this paper we will show the critical role that asymmetries in information have on the choice of payment structure.
Linear nonisothermal, single-step, stability studies of dried preparations of influenza virus.

Abstract The rate constant of a reaction at elevated temperatures and the activation energies can be calculated from the values of the concentration of the reactant as a function of time. Measurements were made while the temperature of the reacting system was raised in accordance with the predetermined program. The method makes use of the Arrhenius equation, but it does not suffer from the disadvantage of the usual methods in which several experiments are done at fixed elevated temperatures.
State urban enterprise zones: origin, policy context, and administrative constraints

This article examines the origins of state enterprise zone policies. Further, the range of state enterprise zones are reviewed, drawing out patterns and generalizations of implementing this type of revitalization policy. As part of this analysis President Reagan urban policy is analyzed as to its effect on state programs. Lastly, the article analyzes three important obstacles - labor, incentives, and politics - that state and local administrators must negotiate to successfully implement the enterprise zone policy.
Creep behavior of ultra‐thin polymer films

A novel microbubble inflation method has been used to determine the creep compliance of poly(vinyl acetate) and polystyrene ultra-thin films (13–300 nm thick) at temperatures from below to above the glass temperature. We present results that suggest that time-temperature and time-thickness superposition hold in the glassy relaxation regime. Although time-temperature superposition is found for the entire response curve for each thickness, we also find that time-thickness superposition fails as the long-time compliance is approached. This effect occurs because of a strong stiffening as the film thickness decreases. We also show first evidence of stiffening in the glassy regime of free standing films of polystyrene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1952–1965, 2008
Zr–Ti-based Be-bearing glasses optimized for high thermal stability and thermoplastic formability

Abstract A new class of Zr–Ti-based Be-bearing (Vitreloy) glass-forming compositions that exhibit high thermal stability and good glass-forming ability is reported. Optimized ternary compositions were obtained by re-examining the Zr–Ti–Be phase diagram for regions that produce glasses having high thermal stability and modest glass-forming ability. By incorporating a fourth element in the optimized ternary compositions, quaternary alloys were obtained having thermal stabilities twice that of Zr 41.2 Ti 13.8 Ni 10 Cu 12.5 Be 22.5 (Vitreloy-1) while exhibiting good glass-forming abilities. Optimized quaternary alloys exhibiting critical casting thicknesses exceeding 15 mm and thermal stabilities as high as 165 °C are reported herein. The good thermal stability of these alloys renders them attractive for forming processes that can be performed thermoplastically in the supercooled liquid region, in a manner similar to the forming of polymers.
An established medical school human sexuality curriculum: Description and evaluation

The human sexuality course at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School is unique with respect to its goals, structure, content and format. It provides a comprehensive and concentrated opportunity for students to become knowledgeable and comfortable in dealing with a critical though sensitive aspect of human behavior - one that is typically shrouded in myth, misinformation, controversy and prejudice. No single department or discipline can address all aspects of human sexuality and adequately address the material that must be covered. One of the greatest strengths of the course is its interdisciplinary focus and its emphasis on case-based and experiential learning. Student evaluations suggest that the course is successful in promoting greater comfort, increased knowledge and more tolerance and respect for individuals with different life styles and sexual beliefs. Many have also privately asserted that it has added immeasurably to their personal lives.
Green Credits Versus Environmentally Sustainable Traffic Operations: Comparison of Contributions to Energy and Emissions Reductions

Although society is facing a variety of environmental issues, including the depletion of energy resources, and has a much greater awareness of climate change and its serious related social impacts, transportation systems have been pushed to increasingly greater limits because of the dramatic growth in traffic demand. A case study was performed to compare the contributions of green construction credits and those of environmentally sustainable traffic operations to reducing energy use and emissions. The study measured the impacts of green credits by using the Carnegie Mellon University economic input-output life-cycle assessment model. These impacts were compared with those achieved through sustainable traffic operation strategies, consisting of a high-occupancy vehicle lane and access to public transit. The study shows that the energy and emissions reductions obtained by use of the traffic operation strategies eclipsed those obtained by use of the green credit measures in just 1 month of traffic operations...
A response to Kreiger and Zhovtobryukh

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief response to Mark Kriger, Yuriy Zhovtobryukh, (2013) “Rethinking strategic leadership: stars, clans, teams and networks”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 411-432. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a response to a previously published paper “Rethinking strategic leadership: stars, clans, teams and networks”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 411-432 and illustrates the implications for leadership evolution in North American health organizations. Findings – In Mark Kriger, Yuriy Zhovtobryukh, (2013) “Rethinking strategic leadership: stars, clans, teams and networks”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 411-432 the authors provide a theoretical model of contemporary leadership suggesting an evolution from “Single Actor Leadership” toward “Dynamic Leadership Networks.” This response to the paper illustrates how their conceptualization serves as a rich observational prism for und...
Coming to know in the ‘eye of the storm’: A beginning teacher's introduction to different versions of teacher community

Abstract Through the metaphor, “learning to teach in the ‘eye of the storm’”, a beginning teacher's experiences of teaching in one of America's diverse urban campuses become known. Three themes of global significance emerge: (1) the similarities and differences between professional learning communities and knowledge communities; (2) the morphing of ‘the eye of the storm’ into ‘a perfect storm’; and (3) the connections between shifting teacher identities and shifting school landscapes. The narrative inquiry foreshadows how the teacher's ‘story to live by’ became ‘a story to leave by’ as she worked in a urban school district riddled with massive change.
Three years in a small class

Abstract A sample of 1755 pupils in 232 elementary-school classes in the State of Tennessee participated in a 3 year longitudinal study of the effects of reduced class size on reading and mathematics performance. Pupils and teachers were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions within each participating school: a small class with a median enrollment of 15 students, a regular class with a median enrollment of 22 students, or a regular class with a full-time teacher aide. While no significant effect was found for teacher-aide classes, the small-class setting increased performance significantly in both mathematics and reading. The small-class advantage occurred originally in kindergarten, and was maintained without increasing or decreasing significantly over the following two years. The impact of reduced class size was especially strong in the inner-city schools, with high minority enrollments and performance that was otherwise below that of schools in other locations. These results warrant further study to understand the effects of small classes on teachers' morale, on student-teacher interaction, and on the extent and ways in which students participate in learning activities.
Sorption of Perchloroethylene by Surfactant-Modified Zeolite as Controlled by Surfactant Loading

The sorption of nonpolar hydrophobic organic compounds by soil organic matter has long been attributed to a partitioning mechanism, with the sorption coefficient proportional to the fractional organic carbon content of the soil. However, deviations from this linear proportionality have been observed and reported in the literature by many authors. In our study a natural zeolite was modified with a cationic surfactant to achieve different fractional organic carbon contents and different surfactant molecule configurations on the surface. The sorption of perchloroethylene (PCE) by the surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) was found to be dependent on the bound surfactant molecule configuration as well as on the fractional organic carbon content. Below monolayer coverage by the surfactant, the PCE sorption coefficient on SMZ was proportional to the fractional organic carbon content. Above monolayer coverage, increasing fractional organic carbon content resulted in minimal further increase in the PCE sorption coeff...
FACULTY ATTITUDES TOWARD INSTITUTIONAL COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES IN U.S. RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES

ABSTRACT The present study aims at assessing faculty attitudes toward institutional competitive strategies in U.S. research universities and at exploring some of the correlates of these attitudes. A stratified random sample of 40 U.S. research university departments, 10 each in physics, sociology, electrical engineering, and education was surveyed by means of a questionnaire. The major findings of this study suggest that faculty members at research universities express non‐receptive attitudes toward university generic strategies, although, more productive,more satisfied and more committed faculty members are relatively more receptive toward university strategies than less productive, less satisfied and less committed faculty members. The meaning and the implications of these findings are discussed.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of covalent adducts of proteins and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a reactive end-product of lipid peroxidation

Covalent adduction of the model protein apomyoglobin by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a reactive end-product of lipid peroxidation, was characterized by nanoelectrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR). The high mass resolving power and mass measurement accuracy of the instrument facilitated a detailed compositional analysis of the complex reaction product without the need for deconvolution and transformation to clearly show the pattern of adduction and component molecular weights. Our study has also demonstrated the value of electron capture dissociation over collision-induced dissociation for the tandem mass spectrometric determination of site modification for the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduct of oxidized insulin B chain as an example.
A review of electrical impedance techniques for breast cancer detection

Some evidence has been found that malignant breast tumors have lower electrical impedance than surrounding normal tissues. Although the separation of malignant tumors from benign lesions based on impedance measurements needs further investigation, electrical impedance could be used as an indicator for breast cancer detection. In this paper, we provide a systematic technical review of the existing electrical impedance techniques proposed for breast cancer detection, with an emphasis on noninvasive impedance imaging techniques. The electrical impedance of human breast tissue is first introduced, with tabulation of previous in vitro impedance measurement results on cancerous and normal breast tissues, and a brief description on the limited in vivo impedance measurements completed with invasive, or noninvasive, non-imaging techniques. A detailed review on noninvasive impedance imaging techniques for breast cancer detection, such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and electrical impedance mapping (EIM), is then presented. We suggest that for better breast cancer detection, an invasive impedance technique may be enhanced by combination with other cancer indicators. 3D EIT should be improved through collective efforts. EIM using a pair of electrode arrays is a viable method with great potential. Magnetic induction tomography and other magnetic induction based impedance imaging for breast cancer detection are promising and merit further exploration as well.
Protein translocation: Nuclear export – out of the dark

Abstract Nuclear protein export has, in contrast to nuclear protein import, been a poorly understood process; but now, the signals and cellular machinery that govern protein export from the nucleus are beginning to be elucidated.
Miniature Fiber Acoustic Sensors and Sensor Array Using Photonic-Crystal Membranes

We report a low-profile acoustic fiber sensor array incorporating ten miniature fiber Fabry-Perot acoustic sensors utilizing a reflective photonic-crystal diaphragm with exhibit high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, high thermal stability, and nearly identical operating wavelengths.
Total Synthesis of the Galbulimima Alkaloid (−)‐GB17

The first enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-GB17 is reported. Construction of this unique naphthoquinolizinone skeleton was achieved by two stereoselective intramolecular Michael additions. The first of these Michael additions is controlled by the use of a chiral organocatalyst, while the second cyclization is under substrate control and proceeds with concomitant lactam formation.
The Physiology of Volume Resuscitation

Currently static and dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness are used to guide fluid resuscitation. The physiological effect of a fluid bolus is considered in terms of the Frank–Starling mechanism. This is, however, an incomplete concept and ignores the effect of the venous system. This paper reviews the interplay between the stressed and unstressed volume, the mean circulatory filling pressure and the central venous pressure in determining organ and microcirculatory flow. We also review method for determining fluid responsiveness.
The Health And Cost Consequences Of Obesity Among The Future Elderly

ABSTRACT: Obesity could have serious consequences for older cohorts. We used a microsimulation to estimate lifetime costs, life expectancy, disease, and disability for seventy-year-olds based on bo...
Age and Parkinson's disease related kinematic alterations during multi-directional gait initiation

Previous literature suggests that older adults and persons with Parkinson's disease (PWP) exhibit impaired performance during gait initiation (GI) and turning while walking. While researchers have identified specific impairments during GI and turning separately in these populations, little is known about when these two tasks occur concurrently. Our objective was to determine how multi-directional GI kinematics are affected by aging and Parkinson's disease. Kinematic data were collected on 12 healthy young adults (HYA), 11 healthy older adults (HOA) and 11 PWP during GI in four conditions: forward, medial 45°, lateral 45°, and lateral 90°. Spatiotemporal characteristics and segmental angles were analyzed using separate 3 (group)×4 (condition) mixed ANOVA. Combined across all the conditions, HOA took a smaller (P=0.009) and slower (P=0.023) first step, and slower second step (P=0.021) compared to HYA. PWP took a slower first step (P=0.009), and longer time to initiate the second step (P=0.017) compared to HOA. Also, PWP had greater head rotation at the start of GI during the medial 45° condition (P=0.043) and reduced overall segmental rotation before toe-off of the second step during the lateral 45° condition (P=0.035), and at heel-strike of first step (P=0.031) and before toe-off of second step during lateral 90° condition (P=0.035). For HOA, their general slowness of movement could be attributed to aging effects. For PWP, rigidity and bradykinesia could impair activities of daily living like multi-directional GI and may be associated with an increased risk of falls.
Measurement of ionization chamber absorbed dose k(Q) factors in megavoltage photon beams.

Purpose: Absorbed dose beam quality conversion factors (k{sub Q} factors) were obtained for 27 different types of ionization chamber. The aim was to obtain objective evidence on the performance of a wide range of chambers currently available, and potentially used for reference dosimetry, and to investigate the accuracy of the k{sub Q} calculation algorithm used in the TG-51 protocol. Methods: Measurements were made using the {sup 60}Co irradiator and Elekta Precise linac facilities at the National Research Council of Canada. The objective was to characterize the chambers over the range of energies applicable to TG-51 and determine whether each chamber met the requirements of a reference-class instrument. Chamber settling, leakage current, ion recombination and polarity, and waterproofing sleeve effects were investigated, and absorbed dose calibration coefficients were obtained for {sup 60}Co and 6, 10, and 25 MV photon beams. Only thimble-type chambers were considered in this investigation and were classified into three groups: (i) Reference chambers (''standard''0.6 cm{sup 3} Farmer-type chambers and their derivatives traditionally used for beam output calibration); (ii) scanning chambers (typically 0.1 cm{sup 3} volume chambers used for beam commissioning with 3-D scanning phantoms); and (iii) microchambers (very small volume ion chambers ({<=}0.01 cm{sup 3}) used formore » small field dosimetry). Results: As might be expected, 0.6 cm{sup 3} thimble chambers showed the most predictable performance and experimental k{sub Q} factors were obtained with a relative uncertainty of 0.1%. The performance of scanning and microchambers was somewhat variable. Some chambers showed very good behavior but others showed anomalous polarity and recombination corrections that are not fully explained at present. For the well-behaved chambers, agreement between measured and calculated k{sub Q} factors was within 0.4%; for some chambers, differences of more than 1% were seen that may be related to the recombination/polarity results. Use of such chambers could result in significant errors in the determination of reference dose in the clinic. Conclusions: Based on the experimental evidence obtained here, specification for a reference-class ionization chamber could be developed that would minimize the error in using a dosimetry protocol with calculated beam quality conversion factors. The experimental k{sub Q} data obtained here for a wide range of thimble chambers can be used when choosing suitable detectors for reference dosimetry and are intended to be used in the upcoming update/addendum to the AAPM TG-51 dosimetry protocol.« less
A test of the targets of monetary policy

(1975). A test of the targets of monetary policy. Applied Economics: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 17-24.