cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complement inhibitors as therapeutic agents

Summary This report has described several currently evolving strategies and therapeutic agents designed to inhibit the complement system. Many others can be envisioned. Analagous to the utility of therapeutic agents that inhibit the coagulation cascade, it can be anticipated that complement inhibitors will find an important niche in our armamentarium of drugs to reduce undesirable inflammatory reactions
Exchangeable and partially exchangeable random partitions

Call a random partition of the positive integerspartially exchangeable if for each finite sequence of positive integersn 1,...,n k, the probability that the partition breaks the firstn 1+...+nk integers intok particular classes, of sizesn 1,...,nk in order of their first elements, has the same valuep(n 1,...,nk) for every possible choice of classes subject to the sizes constraint. A random partition is exchangeable iff it is partially exchangeable for a symmetric functionp(n 1,...nk). A representation is given for partially exchangeable random partitions which provides a useful variation of Kingman's representation in the exchangeable case. Results are illustrated by the two-parameter generalization of Ewens' partition structure.
Use of Big Data and Knowledge Discovery to Create Data Backbones for Decision Support Systems

Abstract The objective of this research is to provide decision support to assembly line planners when they perform assembly time estimations. There is a lack of consistency in the assembly time analysis performed by planners. The decision support system that was developed in this research is based on mapping controlled language assembly work instructions to Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) tables. Automated analysis of historical work instructions and their related time study analysis were performed by employing knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD) algorithms through the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) interface. As a result of this automated analysis, forty-six mapping rules were created that related work instructions to MTM tables and the data backbone for the decision support system that was created. Analyzing large sets of historical data is crucial while creating decision support systems. KDD provides a sustainable method of analyzing big data. Future work of this research includes applying the KDD process to create data backbones for decision support systems to aid in ergonomic evaluations.
The use of cohort vs repeated cross-sectional sample survey data in monitoring changing breast cancer screening practices.

Abstract Background. The method used to select a study sample is a key element in designing a research protocol. This article explores two of the more common methods used, focusing on the relative advantages and disadvantages of each one. Methods. Both cohort and repeated, independent cross-sectional surveys were conducted in each of 3 years (1988-1990) in the Awareness of Breast Cancer Screening Project to follow changing breast cancer screening rates among a population of women 50-75 years of age on Long Island, New York. Results. Both survey methods revealed statistically significant increases in self-reports of mammography use. The cohort and repeated cross-sectional survey sample responses to questions concerning knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding breast cancer screening were comparable. An educational effect of the baseline survey itself on the cohort was not seen. Conclusions. Each of the two survey methods has advantages and disadvantages with respect to the other. The cohort method permits examination of changes in the same individual over time and is less costly and less time-consuming to perform. On the other hand, the cross-sectional method does not suffer from cumulative losses in respondents with repeated surveys and better reflects the changing community. The study findings can be used to guide the selection of an appropriate survey methodology for monitoring breast cancer screening practices in other settings.
The influence of CO and CO 2 laser performance

Impurities are necessary to achieve considerable CW laser action in CO 2 since in pure CO 2 the disintegration of the lower laser level is too slow to maintain a substantial population inversion. The dissociation product CO, provided by the discharge itself if initially pure CO 2 is used in a sealed system, enhances the gain mainly because of its effectiveness in accelerating the relaxation of the first level of the bending mode to which the lower laser level relaxes. The characteristic time for energy exchange between these two levels is 20 \pm 5 \mu s at 1 torr, 400°K. Experiments in He-CO 2 mixtures support the assumption that the main influence of CO is to accelerate the decomposition of the lower laser level.
Benefits of aspirin and beta-blockade after myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease

Background There have been no randomized trials of cardioprotective therapy after acute myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease who should be largely eligible for aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) and beta-blockers (BB) as a base of therapy. Methods We analyzed a prospective coronary care unit registry of 1724 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Results Usage rates were 52.3%, 19.0%, 15.2%, and 13.5% for ASA and BB (ASA+BB), BB alone, ASA alone, and no ASA or BB therapy. Patients who received ASA+BB were more likely to be male, free of earlier cardiac disease, and recipients of thrombolysis. Conversely, the absence of ASA+BB was observed in patients with heart failure on admission, left bundle branch block, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and shock. The combination of ASA+BB was used in 63.9%, 55.8%, 48.2%, and 35.5% of patients with corrected creatinine clearance values of >81.5, 81.5 to 63.1, 63.1 to 46.2, and <46.2 mL/min/72 kg (P <.0001). ASA+BB was used in 40.4% of patients undergoing dialysis. The age-adjusted relative risk reduction for the inhospital mortality rate was similar among all renal groups and ranged from 64.3% to 80.0% (all P <.0001). Conclusion ASA+BB is an underused therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction who have underlying kidney disease. (Am Heart J 2002;144:226-32.)
Pervaporation studies with polyaniline membranes and blends

Abstract Permeabilities (P), diffusion coefficients (D) and time lags (Θ) for water, alcohols and carboxylic acids passed through undoped and doped polyaniline membranes are reported. Permeabilities through undoped polyaniline are stable and linear, but both permeabilities and diffusion coefficients tend to be low. As an example, for water, P=0.11±0.05 g mm/m2 h, with a diffusion coefficient of D=5.0×10−10 cm2/s. Methanol has the highest permeability through undoped polyaniline (P=0.84±0.02 g mm/m2 h), despite its small diffusion coefficient (D=1.5×10−10 cm2/s). Fully HCl-doped polyaniline membranes have higher permeabilities (up to 5–6 g mm/m2 h) with correspondingly larger diffusion coefficients (e.g. Dwater>1.0×10−8 cm2/s) and shorter time lags. Larger alcohols (e.g. 2-propanol) and carboxylic acids (e.g. acetic acid) show no permeation through doped polyaniline. Therefore, fully HCl-doped polyaniline membranes can be used to effectively separate water from acetic acid (αH2O≈200). Unfortunately, when HCl-doped polyaniline is used as a pervaporation membrane, the permeation rates of the feed decline over time. For example, the permeability of water declines from a high of ∼2.5 g mm/m2 h to a much lower average steady-state value of 0.3 g mm/m2 h over 48 h. This effect has been traced to the leaching of HCl dopants out of the polyaniline membrane and into the feed solution. The problem of dopant leaching can be eliminated by using a polymer dopant in a blend with polyaniline. The permeation rates of ethanol/water feeds through blends of 10 wt.% polyamic acid/90 wt.% polyaniline and 10 wt.% polyacrylic acid/90 wt.% polyaniline are linear and stable. This demonstrates that polymeric dopants eliminate the problem of dopant leaching. Both blends possess permeabilities and selectivities in-between undoped and doped polyaniline.
Infrared reflectance spectra of igneous rocks, tuffs and red sandstone for 0.5 to 22 microns

Infrared reflectance measurements of igneous rocks, tuffs, and red sandstone from 0.5 to 22 microns to obtain data for use in determining surface composition of planets
When and Why Do Controllers Mark Flight Progress Strips? a Look at Live Traffic:

Subject matter experts were employed to record observations of flight progress strip marking across 5 en route ATC facilities. Approximately 220 hours of ATC observations were recorded establishing a group of high frequency/high importance markings. These markings were perceived by controllers to provide performance benefits through externalizing memory and communication. The results are discussed in relation to possible electronic alternatives to flight progress strips.
The effects of devitrification on the mechanical properties of Cu 46 Zr 54 metallic glass

The room temperature mechanical properties of the metallic glass Cu46Zr54 have been investigated as a function of aging time at 375°C (15°C belowT g). The results indicate that the tensile fracture stress and hardness of this material can be changed by such thermal processing. Fracture stress and hardness are increased with short times at temperature by structural relaxation. Also, the presence of a very small volume fraction of crystalline phase causes the shear stiffness of the material to increase markedly providing an additional increase in fracture stress and hardness. Continued devitrification causes embrittlement and the decrease of fracture stress, as predicted by the model of two-phase materials; however, hardness continues to increase, reflecting the increasing volume fraction of the harder crystalline phases. Embrittlement and decreasing fracture stress are enhanced by the stress concentration effect at the crystallites which causes void formation and growth.
On the interaction of the subject and the experiment in the matching model

Two types of matching designs, static and dynamic, are differentiated. While all matching designs are logically the same in terms of the probability model which determines chance level of performance, an attempt is made to demonstrate that there is an interaction between the tactics, strategies, and actual knowledge ofS and the type of design used which will, in turn, lead to different results even whenS's knowledge is held constant. It is suggested that analogous situations may exist within the framework of the traditional psychometric model.
DNA delivery in vitro via surface release from multilayer assemblies with poly(glycoamidoamine)s.

Abstract Localized controlled release of nucleic acid therapeutics could be an effective way to reduce the extracellular barriers associated with systemic delivery. Herein, we have used the layer-by-layer film deposition approach to construct ultrathin multilayer assemblies for in vitro controlled release of plasmid DNA (pDNA). Layer-by-layer assemblies containing alternate layers of cationic poly( l -tartaramidopentaethylenetetramine) (T4), and anionic pDNA were fabricated. The film thickness and the absorbance at 260 nm for different T4/pDNA multilayer assemblies were characterized by ellipsometry and UV–vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The results indicated an increased loading capacity of pDNA with respect to an increase in the number of T4/pDNA bilayers deposited. For the controlled-release studies we incubated the bilayers coated on quartz slides in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C and collected the media at different incubation time points. The collected PBS samples were characterized for pDNA release by complexing solutions containing the released pDNA with Lipofectamine 2000 and following cellular pDNA uptake via flow cytometry and GFP gene expression assays with HeLa cells. The study showed that the multilayer films started to release pDNA after 1 day of incubation and increased after 7 days of incubation. Assays monitoring green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in HeLa cells indicated that about 20% of the cells were positive for GFP expression at all sample time points up to 11 days. Although an increase in cells positive for Cy5-pDNA was found as the incubation time increased, the number of cells positive for GFP expression remained constant over the same time frame.
Small intestinal volvulus in 115 horses: 1988-2000.

Objective— To evaluate the historical data, signalment, clinical signs, results of laboratory analyses, treatment, and outcome of horses with small intestinal (SI) volvulus. Study Design— Retrospective study. Sample Population— One hundred and fifteen client-owned horses, aged 1 month to 21 years. Methods— Clinical signs, laboratory data, surgical or necropsy findings, and outcome for horses with SI volvulus were obtained from medical records, identified by computer search and manual review. Results— There was no statistical difference in signalment between cases and the hospital population. Seventy-four percent of horses were ≥3 years. There were considerable variations in clinical signs on admission; high heart rate and signs of severe pain were not consistent features. Examination per rectum identified distended small intestine in only 69% of horses. One hundred horses had surgery, and small intestine resection was performed in 25. Eighty-four horses were recovered from surgery, and 67 horses survived to hospital discharge (80% of horses recovered from surgery, 58% of 115 horses). Forty-eight percent that were ultimately discharged had a post-operative complication and these horses had a longer average stay than horses with no complication (11 days versus 8.9 days). Conclusions— We identified 115 horses with primary SI volvulus over a 12-year period. We found that the population of horses with this lesion was older than has previously been reported and that the prognosis for post-operative survival to hospital discharge is good (80%). Post-operative complications were common, and affected approximately half the horses that were ultimately discharged from the hospital. Clinical Relevance— This information may aid diagnosis and prognosis and guide decision making for horses with this condition.
Patient-directed, nonprescription approaches to cardiovascular disease.

The control of coronary artery disease requires both physician-directed interventions and patient-directed lifestyle changes that may include nonprescription supplements. All patients should be encouraged to exercise regularly. They should be advised to avoid exposure to tobacco smoke and to strive to attain ideal body weight. Patients should also be encouraged to establish diets that are low in cholesterol and fat and high in dietary fiber. Supplements of water-soluble fiber may be useful for selected patients. Diets rich in antioxidant vitamins should also be stressed. Antioxidant supplements may be warranted in individuals with coronary artery disease or risk factors. Pending further study, patients should be encouraged to consume more fish but not fish oil supplements. Therapeutic doses of niacin should not be used without medical supervision. Chromium and other nutritional supplements, however, may merit consideration in selected cases. Physicians should stress the use of nonpharmacologic means to reduce blood pressure and discuss interventions that could reduce excessive stress. With appropriate screening and precautions, selected individuals should benefit from low-dose aspirin prophylaxis and possibly from low-dose alcohol consumption. Because these patient-directed interventions receive less attention in the scientific literature, they were selected for review herein. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:2283-2296)
Age and task‐related differences in timing stability, consistency, and natural frequency of children's rhythmic, motor coordination

How does task complexity affect performance in a rhythmic movement task across childhood and into adulthood? The purpose of this experiment was to compare the frequency, stability, and consistency of clapping and walking when these tasks were produced individually and simultaneously by children of different ages. Statistically significant differences were found in natural frequency, stability, and consistency between tasks, limb actions, and among age groups. The results indicated that action-dependent, age-related differences existed. Further, task-related differences existed in these measures that were constant across age groups. This suggested that the role of task was as important as changing morphologies in determining action characteristics across childhood.
Factors affecting lysine sorption in a coastal sediment

Sediment sorption capacity was measured in a coastal environment over a 2-year period using lysine as a model compound. Sorption capacity was found to vary over time but did not seem to follow a clear seasonal pattern or relate to organic carbon, sediment grain size distribution, or sediment specific surface area. Instead, adsorption capacity appeared to be more related to annual precipitation patterns. Years of below normal precipitation apparently created conditions with high adsorption capacity, while years with higher than normal precipitation were associated with lower adsorption capacity. Laboratory experiments showed that adsorption capacity of anoxic sediments is lower than for oxidized sediment, and the magnitude of this difference changed with time. Adsorption of lysine, glutamic acid, leucine, melanoidin and naphthalene was enhanced to different degrees when anoxic sediment was oxidized. Laboratory experiments showed that natural dissolution/precipitation cycling of manganese or iron oxide could not explain either changes in sorption with time or differences between anoxic and oxic sorption. Sediment amended with manganese oxyhydroxide at forty times background values showed a slight increase in adsorption. Iron oxyhydroxide amendment showed no effect. This study also addressed potential problems inherent to slurry sorption experiments such as the use of biocide and the effect of slurry solid to water ratio. Using HgCl2 as a biocide did not markedly affect lysine sorption. Although slurry ratio of solid to water did affect distribution coefficients, normalization of distribution coefficients to slurry porosity provides a meaningful way to report sorption and results in relatively constant estimates of adsorption capacity when using slurries of variable ratios of total suspended solid to water.
Bevacizumab Plus Irinotecan in Recurrent WHO Grade 3 Malignant Gliomas

Purpose: Although patients with newly diagnosed WHO grade 3 malignant glioma have a more favorable prognosis than those with WHO grade 4 malignant glioma, salvage therapies following recurrence offer essentially palliative benefit. We did a phase II trial of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, in combination with irinotecan for patients with recurrent grade 3 malignant glioma. Experimental Design: Upon documentation of adequate safety among an initial cohort of nine patients treated with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) and irinotecan every 14 days, a second cohort ( n = 24) was treated with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks with irinotecan on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 of each 42-day cycle. For both cohorts, the dose of irinotecan was 340 mg/m 2 for patients on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAED) and 125 mg/m 2 for patients not on EIAEDs. After each 6-week cycle, patients were evaluated with a physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The 6-month progression-free survival was 55% (95% confidence interval, 36-70%). The 6-month overall survival was 79% (95% confidence interval, 61-89%). Twenty patients (61%) had at least a partial response. Outcome did not differ between the two treatment cohorts. Significant adverse events were infrequent and included a central nervous system hemorrhage in one patient, and one patient who developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Conclusion: Bevacizumab and irinotecan is an active regimen with acceptable toxicity for patients with recurrent WHO grade 3 malignant glioma.
Ensuring quality of care in the scale-up of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings: a challenge for all

Work to expand access to HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings has been focused on reaching as many people living with HIV in as short a time as possible. As these programs mature and treatment continues to expand, there is a growing need to better understand how care is being delivered and where efforts need to be made to ensure that quality and effective services are being delivered. While there has been considerable work on measuring and improving the quality of HIV care in resource-richer settings, efforts have been much more limited in more resource-constrained settings. This article will present an argument for the need to expand and strengthen both work to measure and to improve quality. In addition, a case will be made that research and rigorous evaluation need to be integrated into this work to more rapidly and fully understand factors associated with gaps in quality, which models of care are more effective in delivering this care and the impact of quality improvement efforts as imp...
Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship Between Affect and Employee “Citizenship”

A measure of a wide array of employee activities on the job was completed by employees' supervisors at two points in time; employees reported their own job satisfaction via the Job Descriptive Index. Implications of relationships much higher than typically found in the job satisfaction–performance literature are discussed.
The Antecedents of Friendships in Moderately Diverse Classrooms: Social Preference, Social Impact, and Social Behavior.

The aim of this study was to examine the antecedents of cross-racial/ethnic friendships and same-racial/ethnic friendships. The sample consisted of 444 (161 African American, 108 European American, 100 Asian American, and 75 Latino) children who were in the fourth grade from 39 classrooms in 10 public elementary schools. Results of Mixed Linear Models demonstrated that social preference was associated with relative increases in same-racial/ethnic friendships; and leadership skills and the inhibition of relational aggression were related to relative increases in cross-racial/ethnic friendships. Further, social preference weakened and leadership skills reinforced the stability of cross-racial/ethnic friendships. Developmental processes, involving social preference, social behavior, classroom diversity, and diverse friendships were discussed.
Exploring, Confirming, and Randomization Tests

Abstract In the context of randomization tests, this paper discusses the roles of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and confirmatory data analysis (CDA) in geoscience research. It shows: (1) how the classical methods of statistical inference can be used in EDA with nonrandom samples of data, and (2) how much of the knowledge in the geosciences is derived from EDA. The paper gives a FORTRAN IV computer program, CLASSTEST, that performs a randomization test for a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) design. CLASSTEST will be useful in goescience research apart from its use in illustrating EDA and CDA.
IMS Social Network Application with J2ME compatible Push-To-Talk Service

People in any type of community use different kinds of systems, social network services and technologies to interact, communicate, inform themselves and others about news, events etc. within their community. So far it was necessary to use different systems and technologies like bulletin boards, cell phones, pagers, instant messaging, E-Mail, social network services etc. to do that. This paper describes an IMS social network application that can be used to do all these tasks using IMS enabled cell phones. A typical "community" for the application would be a college campus, metropolitan business or downtown area or large scale events with multiple locations such as the Olympic Games or World Cups. Typical users would be students, professors, businessmen, travelers, spectators etc. The main interface of the application is an interactive map of the community/area that enables users to interacting with their whole community.
Phase dependent visible to near-infrared photoluminescence of CuInS2 nanocrystals

Nanocrystals of CuInS2 with the hexagonal wurtzite structure hold great potential for applications requiring efficient energy transport, such as photocatalysis, due to their anisotropic crystal structure. However, thus far their optical properties have proven difficult to study, as luminescence from wurtzite nanocrystals has only recently been observed. In this work, we report the colloidal synthesis of single crystalline, luminescent CuInS2 nanocrystals with both the cubic and hexagonal structures. The crystalline phase, optical properties and mechanism of formation of nanocrystals are controlled by changing the reaction temperature. Photoluminescence is observed in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions, which results from the cubic and hexagonal nanocrystals respectively. Synthetic studies combined with XRD, TEM and EDS mapping provide evidence for the mechanisms behind phase selection.
Evaluation of the Tissue-Protective Properties of Hydrophilic Surface Modified Intraocular Lens Implants

Since damage to fragile ocular tissues by surface interaction with ocular implant materials can seriously compromise the biocompatibility of intraocular lenses, we have developed endothelium and iris damage tests for evaluating new materials. This paper describes such studies on new hydrophilic polymer surface modified intraocular lenses. In addition to endothelium damage assessment, a new iris abrasion test was developed to evaluate differences in abrasion of the iris by ocular implant polymers. The primary intraocular lens (IOL) polymer in current use, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), was compared with a novel surface modified PMMA having a permanent, chemically bound, hydrophilic polymer surface. Results indicate a major reduction in endothelium damage and iris abrasion by the hydrophilic surface modification of PMMA.
The Nature and Practices of Urban Science Education

I write to you from the back of a science classroom housed in a building that holds four schools, but is designed for one. Outside of the classroom, through the bars on the windows, I hear the exciting sounds of the city. Cars drive by playing music and animated conversations from the street below can easily be heard.
Human cytomegalovirus alters interleukin-6 production by endothelial cells

In an effort to study whether human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can disrupt the balanced cytokine network that controls human hematopoiesis, we investigated the ability of a laboratory strain HCMV (AD169) to alter the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by cultured endothelial cells (HUVECs). ECs are important components of human bone marrow stroma and produce factors that stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitors. HCMV was able to greatly increase production of both mRNA and protein for IL-6 in unprimed HUVECs. When we discriminated between viral pellet and cleared viral supernatants, the supernatants induced an increase in mRNA at 30 minutes and protein by 2 hours, whereas an increase in IL-6 caused by virus itself did not become evident until 12 hours. The possibility that IL-6 induction was simply caused by the presence in the viral stock of endotoxin, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or IL-4, all known inducers of IL-6 in HUVECs, was ruled out by the addition of polymyxin B and appropriate neutralizing antibodies. These findings show that HCMV is capable of directly and indirectly modulating the production by HUVECs of IL-6, one of the cytokines involved in the process of hematopoiesis.
Field Assisted Impact Ionization in Semiconductors

We present a theory of the inverse Auger process (Impact Ionization) in semiconductors which expands an earlier theory of Kane and includes the effects of high electric fields on the electron-electron interaction. We show that this intracollisional field effect leads to a dramatic softening of the threshold energy for impact ionization.
Detonation Performance and Sensitivity: A Quest for Balance

Abstract In designing new explosives, a key goal is to achieve an optimum balance between two inherently contradictory objectives: a high level of detonation performance and low sensitivity to accidental initiation of detonation. There appears to be a reasonably good understanding of the determinants of detonation performance, and there are procedures available for quantitative predictions of satisfactory reliability. The situation regarding sensitivity is more complex. However, progress has been made in identifying at least some of the factors that are involved. It is accordingly possible to propose a series of structural features that can be guidelines in the quest for excellent detonation performance combined with low sensitivity.
Gender differences in the expression of depressive symptoms among chronic pain patients.

Objective To investigate the extent to which gender differences in the expression of depressive symptomatology exist among chronic pain patients. Setting A multidisciplinary pain center affiliated with a state medical school in the southern United States. Patients A total general sample of 245 patients with heterogeneous chronic pain complaints randomly selected from a database of approximately 1,000 pretreatment evaluation patient files. A depressed subsample of 113 patients based on scores > or = 15 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Measure The 21-item BDI. Results and conclusions Gender differences in total BDI scores were not revealed for the total general sample or depressed subsample, but gender differences in the expression of depressive symptoms (i.e., item level responses) were found via separate discriminant function analyses on the total general sample and depressed subsample. Consistent with previous studies performed on diverse samples, females' higher endorsement of body image distortion was noted in both of our samples. Females also endorsed significantly higher levels of fatigue in our total sample. Items that were not significant in our total sample include females' higher levels of loss of appetite and crying. In the depressed subsample, items probing pessimism and failure were not statistically significantly different to males' endorsing higher levels of each. Sensitivity to these gender differences is suggested in clinical practice. The likely consequences that these differences in the experience and expression of distress have on coping activities (e.g., help-seeking responses) and the reactions of others (e.g., health-care providers) are highlighted.
Pharmacological action of tyramine on the cardiovascular system in man.

Summary1. Intravenous injection of tyramine in man causes elevation of blood pressure and TPR, but inconsistent effects on CO and pulse rate. Changes in the site of impulse formation and conduction were seen in the ECG. 2. The reproducibility of the tyramine response was studied in 18 subjects to assess its value as a test of tissue catecholamine stores. 3. The dose-response relationship of the pressor effect of tyramine was determined.
Trichloroethylene-Extracted and Expeller-Type Meat Scraps and Tallow in the Diets of Young Chickens

Abstract SEVERAL investigators in recent years, among them Sunde et al. (1952) and Lillie, Sizemore and Bird (1952), have shown that meat scraps have a supplementary value when added to corn-soybean meal diets of growing chicks. Most of these studies were concerned with expeller-type meat scraps. Little information is available on the value of trichloroethylene-extracted meat scraps in chick diets. Eveleth and Goldsby (1953) reported a toxicosis of chickens as a result of feeding trichloroethylene-extracted soybean meal. However, Balloun, Johnson and Arnold (1953) fed several samples of trichloroethylene-extracted soybean meals to chicks and observed no harmful effects. The present study was conducted to determine the level at which trichloroethylene-extracted meat scraps could be safely fed to chickens and to compare it with conventional expeller-type meat scraps. The literature regarding the use of inedible animal fats in the diets of young chicks has been adequately reviewed by Siedler, Scheid and Schweigert (1955) …
Detecting and managing subclinical hyperthyroidism.

With physicians using TSH assays more often, they are encountering subclinical thyroid disease more frequently.
Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations

Issues In 2011, the Institute of Medicine released a report that constituted the first comprehensive effort by a federal body to understand the current state of science pertinent to the health needs of sexual and gender minority populations. This mini-review summarises recent empirical, methodological and theoretical advances in alcohol-related research among to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations and highlights progress towards addressing gaps, with a particular interest in those identified by the Institute of Medicine report. Approach Articles published since 2011 were identified from PsycINFO and PubMed database searches, using various combinations of keyword identifiers (alcohol, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, LGBT, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender). Reference sections of included articles were also examined for additional citations. Key Findings Recent empirical work has contributed to a greater understanding of sub-group differences within this diverse population. Evidence has supported theorised influences that can account for alcohol-related disparities, yet important gaps remain. Studies that examine the role of gender identity and its intersection with sexual identity within transgender and gender non-conforming sub-populations are lacking. Methodological advances in this literature have begun to allow for examinations of how minority-specific and general risk factors of alcohol misuse may contribute to patterns of alcohol involvement over time and within social-relational contexts Conclusions The recommendations made in the current mini-review are meant to facilitate future collaborative efforts, scale development, thoughtful methodological design and analysis and theoretically driven nuanced hypotheses to better understand, and ultimately address, alcohol-related disparities among sexual and gender minority populations. [Talley AE, Gilbert PA, Mitchell J, Goldbach J, Marshall BDL, Kaysen D. Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;00:000–000]
Surveillance of Plague along Golmud-Lhasa Section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway in 2006

ObjectiveTo discover and treat animal plague and prevent animal plague from spreading to human through monitoring the plague epidemic situation along Qinghai-Tibet Railway,ensure the construction and trial operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway.MethodsWe set up three stable teams at Xidatan,Erdaogou and Kaixinling and one mobile team from Xining to Kaixinling to monitor plague according to Technological Scheme of Plague Control Along Qinghai-Tibet Railway.ResultsIn 2006,total areas of 5 900 km2 were surveyed and there were 835 materials collected with 1 strain of Yersina pestis isolated and 12 positive sera of dogs obtained.ConclusionsThe epidemic situation of is still active along Qinghai-Tibet Railway in 2006.The task of plague control and prevention is still hard.
Symptom Control in Terminal Illness

Toward the goal of comfort and quality of life, symptom management is utmost in importance and requires constant reassessment of the patient. Before launching a medication program, each set of symptoms should be assessed by history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. When symptoms can be understood in the context of the disease without correctable, specific causes, the physician can carefully prescribe treatments to alleviate the misery and suffering. The most common symptoms in terminally ill cancer patients are anxiety and depression (80 to 90 per cent); pain (66 per cent); nausea, vomiting, and constipation (50 per cent); and respiratory symptoms (30 to 40 per cent). Medical attention to these discomforts will help the patient and family to cope better with the dying process.
Experiential Education in a Student-Run Startup: A Case Study of a For-Profit For-Credit Advertising Agency

The purpose of this research project is to provide a detailed case study of the creation and five-year-long evolution of a vi-sion for a curricular innovation. Jacht Ad Lab is based on themodel of situated learning as proposed by Lave and Wenger (1991), a framework that can serveas a response to the pres-sures and changing demands of both the institutions where we teach and the industries that employ our graduates. The goal is to illustrate the potential that the concept of experiential educa-tion known as legitimate peripheral participation can offer for learning in new ways within communities of practice.
Does Abiotic Stress Cause Functional B Vitamin Deficiency in Plants

B vitamins are the precursors of essential metabolic cofactors but are prone to destruction under stress conditions. It is therefore a priori reasonable that stressed plants suffer B vitamin deficiencies and that certain stress symptoms are metabolic knock-on effects of these deficiencies. Given the logic of these arguments, and the existence of data to support them, it is a shock to realize that the roles of B vitamins in plant abiotic stress have had minimal attention in the literature (100-fold less than hormones) and continue to be overlooked. In this article, we therefore aim to explain the connections among B vitamins, enzyme cofactors, and stress conditions in plants. We first outline the chemistry and biochemistry of B vitamins and explore the concept of vitamin deficiency with the help of information from mammals. We then summarize classical and recent evidence for stress-induced vitamin deficiencies and for plant responses that counter these deficiencies. Lastly, we consider potential implications for agriculture.
Relation of Enterobacteriaceae Counts to Salmonella Contamination of Market Broilers

We determined the Enterobacteriaceae counts and the Salmonella status (positive or negative) of 20 individual birds in each of 12 groups of broiler carcasses. The overall logarithmic mean Enterobacteriaceae count for the 240 carcasses was 2.7 with group means ranging from 1.8 to 3.6. One hundred and twenty three (51.2%) of the 240 carcasses were Salmonella -positive. The number of Salmonella - positive carcasses within groups ranged from 0 to 18. No relationship was found between Enterobacteriaceae counts and presence of Salmonella in broiler carcasses.
Resilience and child malnutrition in Mali

Despite increasing attention to resilience, the link between resilience and child malnutrition in Africa has so far never been empirically explored. Using detailed survey data from Mali, this paper examines whether the resilience capacity of households is a determinant of child malnutrition. After estimating the Resilience Capacity Index (RCI) by using a Structural Equation Model, an instrumental variable approach was followed. The impact of resilience capacity on child malnutrition was estimated by using the institutional presence of the state as an instrument for the RCI. Furthermore, the analysis captures differences in the relationship between resilience and the institutional presence of the state across regions. The empirical evidence presented here demonstrates that higher resilience capacity is associated with both lower probability of having malnourished children and a lower number of malnourished children in the household.
Practice Patterns of Speech-Language Pathologists in Pediatric Vocal Health.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate current practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the management of pediatric vocal health, with specific analysis of the influence of...
Infections associated with adventure travel: A systematic review

Abstract Aim To review infections associated with adventure travel. Methods The PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases were searched combining the words infection with the following keywords: rafting, whitewater, surfing, (surfer* or windsurf*), (caves or caving or spelunking), (triathlon or trekking) or (hiking or adventure race), bicycling, backpacking, (mountain climb* or bouldering), horseback riding, orienteering, trekking, and skiing. Results Adventure travel is becoming much more common among travelers and it is associated with a subset of infectious diseases including: leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, viral hemorrhagic fevers, rickettsial diseases and endemic mycosis. Caving and whitewater rafting places individuals at particular risk of leptospirosis, schistosomiasis and endemic mycosis, while adventure races also place individuals at high risk of a variety of infections including campylobacter, norovirus and leptospirosis. Conclusion Travel practitioners need to be aware of the risks associated with adventure travel and should educate individuals about the risks associated with various activities. Doxycycline prophylaxis should be considered for travelers who are susceptible to leptospirosis due to participation in high-risk sports such as whitewater rafting, caving or adventure races.
Marriage dissolution among American men, 2003–2010: The roles of measured earnings and latent selection

AbstractResearch in the economics of the family has established that economic incentives play a significant role in the process of marriage formation and dissolution. This paper distinguishes between two aspects of husbands’ earnings in the process of divorce. On one hand, measured earnings might exert a direct effect on the stability of marriage. On the other hand, some husbands possess unobserved traits that might simultaneously affect their earnings growth and their propensities to terminate their marriages. This research utilizes data from the United States Current Population Survey for years 2003 through 2010, and is based on samples of initially married men at two points in time. We seek first to examine whether marriage dissolution occurs in the presence of correlation between unobserved factors present in both earnings during the first period and the subsequent decision to divorce. Second, we look for an explicit role of earnings per se in the divorce decision. Results of the study provide support...
Overview of SAGES MASTERS Program

The SAGES Masters Program organizes educational materials along clinical pathways into discrete blocks of content which could be accessed by a surgeon attending the SAGES annual meeting or by logging into the online SAGES University (Fig. 1.1) [1]. The SAGES Masters program currently has eight pathways including: Acute Care, Biliary, Bariatrics, Colon, Foregut, Hernia, Flexible Endoscopy, and Robotic Surgery (Fig. 1.2). Each pathway is divided into three levels of targeted performance: Competency, Proficiency, and Mastery (Fig. 1.3). The levels originate from the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition [2], which has five stages: novice, advanced beginner, competency, proficiency, and expertise. The SAGES MASTERS Program is based on the three more advanced stages of skill acquisition: competency, proficiency, and expertise. Competency is defined as what a graduating general surgery chief resident or MIS fellow should be able to achieve; Proficiency is what a surgeon approximately 3 years out from training should be able to accomplish; and Mastery is what more experienced surgeons should be able to accomplish after seven or more years in practice. Mastery is applicable to SAGES surgeons seeking in-depth knowledge in a pathway, including the following: Areas of controversy, outcomes, best practice, and ability to mentor colleagues. Over time, with the utilization of coaching and participation in SAGES courses, this level should be obtainable by the majority of SAGES members. This edition of the SAGES Manual—Robotic Surgery aligns with the current version of the new SAGES University MASTERS Program Robotic Surgery pathway (Table 1.1).
(Re)Presenting the subject: a critical reflection on the use of ethnographic documentary video with students of colour in K-12 urban school settings

ABSTRACTThis paper illustrates how ethnographic video was used as part of a diversity education project at a public urban middle school in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The goal of this article is twofold: first, it is to describe one way in which ethnographic video can be used as a pedagogical tool in primary and secondary school settings. Second, it is to provide an experimental example of an evaluative audience reception study. The article describes the genesis of this project, explicates the intentionality of using an affective theoretical framework to interpret the project, and finally presents an evaluative audience reception study of the video in order to realise fulfilment of that goal. The results show that through this ethnographic video project, viewers were able to enter into a change space of relation, position themselves in the world, and recognise their own contextualised privilege.
Efficacy of Percutaneous Ultrasonic Ablation of Soft Tissue (Tenex) in Tendinopathy and Fasciopathy

Percutaneous ultrasonic ablation of soft tissue, otherwise known as percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy (PUT) and percutaneous ultrasonic fasciotomy (PUF), has been utilized in the past several years for the treatment of chronic recalcitrant tendinopathy and fasciopathy. Recent studies have begun to investigate the efficacy of this procedure. In a limited number of case series, patients with chronic recalcitrant tendinopathy and fasciopathy do well following percutaneous ultrasonic ablation with improvement in pain and functional scores. In studies investigating the elbow, there is evidence of ultrasonic resolution of diseased tissue years following the procedure. Overall, despite intriguing findings to date, there is very limited evidence for use of percutaneous ultrasonic ablation in the treatment of tendinopathy or fasciopathy. While the evidence for the use of PUT and PUF presented in this review is intriguing, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to truly determine efficacy.
A Finite Element Transitional Mesh Generation Technique

Transitional mesh generation procedures involve the definition of meshes which provide a changing element density from one part of the mesh to another. In this work a transitional mesh generation procedure based on blending and sweeping function is introduced. This procedure is used to generate typical transitional meshes. These transitional meshes show that the developed procedure produces a quad-dominated mesh.
Final results of a phase I prospective trial evaluating the combination of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with concurrent pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or melanoma.

9099Background: We report final Phase I results of a Phase I/II prospective trial assessing safety and tolerability of SBRT and concurrent pembrolizumab. Methods: Eligible patients had metastatic N...