cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A process–structure–property study of anisotropic PMDA‐ODA films

A practical methodology for the correlation and prediction of the process–property performance of advanced materials is developed. The model polymer studied is PMDA-ODA polyimide. The connecting link between the process and the properties is the structural state of the polymer. An essential ingredient for a quantitative characterization of the system is a knowledge of its phase state and intrinsic molecular properties. The intrinsic molecular properties define the limiting performance properties available to the polymer. Anisotropic films and sheets produced by five different fabrication processes are examined. Maps of the molecular symmetry axis, the orientation function, and the thickness distributions of two 50-in.-wide sheets fabricated differently are measured nondestructively for process comparison. Four other film fabrication processes are examined and their three-dimensional orientation states determined and correlated. A three-dimensional orientation function triangular plot permits simultaneous representation of the different fabrication processes on the same figure and allows the investigator to choose the most economic and efficient fabrication route. The structure–property study includes the structural correlation and intrinsic molecular property determination of the anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the anisotropic mechanical moduli and compliances, and the anisotropic dielectric constants. 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 777–788, 1997
Mapping of new quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (synonyms: Mycosphaerella graminicola and Septoria tritici), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. STB can be managed by fungicide application and by host resistance. The use of fungicides is less effective due to the development of fungal populations resistant to commercially available fungicides. As a result, host plant resistance is considered as one of the best strategies of STB management. In our preliminary study, the spring wheat cultivar ‘Largo’ showed a high level of resistant to multiple isolates of Z. tritici. The main objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for STB resistance in Largo and DNA markers associated with QTL. The 118 F7 recombinant-inbred lines were developed from a cross between the synthetic hexaploid wheat Largo and the spring wheat susceptible line ND495 by single-seed descent. Disease severity in the mapping population was assessed at flag leaf stage 21 days after inoculation in the greenhouse at North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND in 2009 and 2010. Approximately, 2500 Diversity Arrays Technology® (DArT) markers were used for genetic mapping. Among them, 263 DArT markers were polymorphic and revealed the 37 linkage groups. The new putative QTL (QStb.2A) associated with STB resistance was flanked by the two DArT markers wPt_3896 and wPt_4197, (wPt_4555) and is mapped on chromosome 2A. Single marker analysis also detected three additional DArT markers associated with other QTLs; however, chromosomal locations of these markers are unknown. Our results indicated that the DArT markers identified in this study can be useful for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs and for combing this novel QTL with other STB resistance genes.
Photodecomposition of several chloroaromatics using a commercial prototype reactor

Abstract We report our results on the study of a photoassisted catalytic dechlorination of the ortho, meta and para-dichlorobenzenes (o-DCB, m-DCB, p-DCB) and 2′,3,4-trichlorobiphenyl (TCB) by means of a prototype commercial reactor using the semiconductor anatase anchored on a fiberglass mesh.
An approach to multi-body interactions in a continuum-atomistic context: Application to analysis of tension instability in carbon nanotubes

Abstract The tensile strength of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) is examined using a continuum-atomistic (CA) approach. The strength is identified with the onset of the CNT instability in tension. The focus of this study is on the effects of multi-body atomic interactions. Multiscale simulations of nanostructures usually make use of two- and/or three-body interatomic potentials. The three-body potentials describe the changes of angles between the adjacent bonds – bond bending. We propose an alternative and simple way to approximately account for the multi-body interactions. We preserve the pair structure of the potentials and consider the multi-body interaction by splitting the changing bond length into two terms. The first term corresponds to the self-similar deformation of the lattice, which does not lead to bond bending. The second term corresponds to the distortional deformation of the lattice, which does lead to bond bending. Such a split of the bond length is accomplished by means of the spherical–deviatoric decomposition of the Green strain tensor. After the split, the continuum-atomistic potential can be written as a function of two bond lengths corresponding to the bond stretching and bending independently. We apply an example exponential continuum-atomistic potential with the split bond length to the study of tension instability of the armchair and zigzag CNTs. The results of the study are compared with those obtained by Zhang et al. (2004. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52, 977–998) who studied tension instability of carbon nanotubes by using the Tersoff–Brenner three-body potential, and with recent experimental results on the tensile failure of single walled carbon nanotubes.
Effect of selected antioxidants on the stability of virgin olive oil

Virgin unrefined olive oil was protected from oxidation with the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and in one case propyl gallate (PG). All the antioxidants improved the stability of olive oil under accelerated conditions (oven test) and storage conditions at 50 C. In the oven test, where the type of oil used was the same as that used in long-term storage studies (room temperature and 50 C) the relative inhibition effect of the antioxidants was in the following order: TBHQ = BHA > BHT. The combinations of BHA and BHT with TBHQ displayed better stabilizing qualities. Antioxidants did not prevent peroxide formation in olive oil stored at room temperature in daylight; these samples oxidized to a high degree, probably due to the catalytic action of chlorophyll. Citric acid (CA) used alone did not affect the oxidative stability of the oil in the oven test and at room temperature in the dark, but exhibited a negative effect at 50 C. The reduction in peroxide content with teritary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in the dark at 50 C was greater than anticipated from the oven studies. Potency of the antioxidants under these conditions (50 C) was in the following order: TBHQ> BHT > BHA. The combinations of BHA 0.01% or BHT 0.01% with TBHQ 0.005% used in the dark at 50 C were less effective than TBHQ 0.01%.
The Association Between Sex Education and Youth’s Engagement in Sexual Intercourse, Age at First Intercourse, and Birth Control Use at First Sex

Abstract Purpose Sex education is intended to provide youth with the information and skills needed to make healthy and informed decisions about sex. This study examined whether exposure to formal sex education is associated with three sexual behaviors: ever had sexual intercourse, age at first episode of sexual intercourse, and use of birth control at first intercourse. Methods Data used were from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative survey. The sample included 2019 never-married males and females aged 15–19 years. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using SUDAAN. Interactions among subgroups were also explored. Results Receiving sex education was associated with not having had sexual intercourse among males (OR = .42, 95% CI=.25–.69) and postponing sexual intercourse until age 15 among both females (OR = .41, 95% CI=.21–.77) and males (OR = .29, 95% CI=.17–.48). Males attending school who had received sex education were also more likely to use birth control the first time they had sexual intercourse (OR = 2.77, 95% CI=1.13–6.81); however, no associations were found among females between receipt of sex education and birth control use. These patterns varied among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions Formal sex education may effectively reduce adolescent sexual risk behaviors when provided before sexual initiation. Sex education was found to be particularly important for subgroups that are traditionally at high risk for early initiation of sex and for contracting sexually transmitted diseases.
Arterio-esophageal communication from a ruptured aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm:Ct diagnosis

Abstract We report the computed tomography (CT) findings of an arterio-esophageal communication from an aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm which had eroded into the esophagus. Pathologic correlation is provided. To our knowledge, this is the first CT demonstration of an aberrant right subclavian aneurysm causing a communication to the esophagus reported in the literature. Previously, one CT case of a left aberrant subclavian artery aneurysm that had ruptured into the esophagus, had been described. The characteristic location of the aberrant vessel with aneurysmal dilatation and the presence of abnormal air identified within the wall of the aneurysm on CT, helped establish the diagnosis antemortem.
α1- and β-Adrenergic receptors are co-regulated during both noradrenergic denervation and hyperinnervation

Abstract Changes in the density of α1- and β-adrenergic receptors were studied following denervation of rat cerebral cortex and hyperinnervation of cerebellum and motor trigeminal nucleus, caused by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Four well-defined thalamic projection zones to cortex were studied separately using tissue punch methodology. Both α1- and β-adrenergic receptors were unevenly distributed in motor, sensory, visual and auditory cortex. The density of α1-adrenergic receptors correlated better with the norepinephrine content of the punches (r = 0.62) than did the density of β-adrenergic receptors (r = 0.38). Noradrenergic denervation increased both α1>- and β-adrenergic receptor density in almost all cortical areas studied, however the percentage increase was larger for β than α1-adrenergic receptors. The change in receptor density was largest in visual cortex and smallest in somatosensory cortex for both receptor sub-types. Noradrenergic hyperinnervation caused a 15–18% decrease in both α1- and β-adrenergic receptor density in the motor trigeminal nucleus of the pons, but did not change the density of either receptor type in the cerebellum. In general, following either noradrenergic denervation or hyperinnervation the change in α1-adrenergic receptor density was correlated (r = 0.64, P
Study of the hydrothermal transformation of wood-derived calcium carbonate into 3D hierarchically organized hydroxyapatite

Abstract The aim of this work was to achieve a procedure that could totally transform calcium carbonate template derived from wood ( Calamus Manna or rattan) into a biomimetic hydroxyapatite scaffold, yet preserving its original hierarchical architecture. The biomorphic conversion was investigated in depth under hydrothermal treatment at low temperatures and with different phosphate solutions. A kinetic approach was used to follow the rates and mechanisms of transformation. Diffusion controlled process and nuclei-one dimensional growth of hydroxyapatite were defined. The results showed the successful transformation, which was accomplished after 96 h in basic pH conditions at temperatures ranging between 20 and 60 °C. The resulting scaffold preserved the initial structure of rattan, featuring ideal pore size and interconnectivity for a spongy bone substitute. In the future, these biomorphic processes on natural woods could be useful for the development of biomedical devices for long bone substitute, having high biomechanical performance and regenerative properties.
Optimization of VQ architectures

Vector quantization (VQ) has emerged as a viable and practical bandwidth compression technique due to its promising performance and a simple decompression architecture that requires a single look-up table. The improvement in the performance of VQ is realized only when large dimension input vectors could be utilized. This is hampered by the exponential growth in the complexity and the storage requirements of VQ for large dimension vectors. This presentation summarizes the results of a study that considers the hardware completely of VQ based on both Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG) classification and neutral networks (NNs). The result of the study shows that a single chip implementation of large dimension VQ at video rates using either LBG or NN approach is not feasible if a full search algorithm is utilized. Modified forms of LBG VQ, with suboptimal performance, can be implemented using a single chip at moderate vector dimensions and bit rates. The most efficient implementation of neural network vector quantization (NNVQ) is the one that uses a combination of an analog and a digital chip.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Adsorption kinetics of diatomic molecules

The adsorption dynamics of diatomic molecules on solid surfaces is examined by using a Kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm. Equilibration times at increasing loadings are obtained, and explained based on the elementary processes that lead to the formation of the adsorbed film. The ability of the molecules to change their orientation accelerates the overall uptake and leads to competitive kinetic behaviour between the different orientations. The dependence of the equilibration time on coverage follows the same decreasing trend obtained experimentally for ethane adsorption on closed-end carbon nanotube bundles. The exploration of molecule–molecule interaction effects on this trend provides relevant insights to understand the kinetic behaviour of other species, from simpler molecules to larger polyatomic molecules, adsorbing on surfaces with different binding strength.
The need for an energy-integrated planning system in metropolitan Istanbul

Istanbul, Turkey, is currently in the throes of uncontrolled growth. The city is experiencing the attendant problems of aesthetic decay, overcrowding, environmental degradation and infrastructure collapse. Most importantly, metropolitan Istanbul faces life-threatening air and water pollution from solid and toxic waste disposal, automobile and industrial emissions, and lignite coal burning. In order to arrest the rapid decline of Istanbul's environmental quality, stringent measures must be adopted by the city's government, i.e. curb the uncontrolled construction activity, limit the growing use of automobiles in the city, eliminate leaded gasoline as a source of fuel and forbid the burning of lignite coal in space heating systems. A major step toward the goal of a healthier Istanbul is the formation of district heating systems, conversion from coal to natural gas and elimination of leaded gasoline. It is imperative that the Metropolitan Government of Istanbul integrate urban planning and energy planning and thereby control settlement density via strict regulations and standards, allowing for reformed energy consumption, transport design and land use in the metropolitan area.
Psychological and physical functioning difficulties associated with complex activity limitations among U.S. adults

Abstract Background There is limited research that assesses psychological functioning categorically as a predictor of complex activity limitations either alone or in conjunction with physical functioning. Objectives This paper assesses the impact of psychological and/or physical functioning difficulties as predictors of complex activity limitations among U.S. adults, using data from a national survey. Methods Data come from the 2006–2010 National Health Interview Survey among U.S. adults 18 or older (n = 124,337). We developed a combined physical/psychological exposure variable with six categories: 1) no/low psychological distress (LPD) and absence of physical functioning difficulties, 2) moderate psychological distress (MPD) only, 3) serious psychological distress (SPD) only, 4) physical functioning difficulty only, 5) MPD and physical functioning difficulties, and 6) SPD and physical functioning difficulties. Selected complex activity limitations include daily living, social and work limitations. Results Compared to adults with LPD and absence of physical functioning difficulties, the results demonstrated a clear and significant gradient of increasing risk of complex activity limitations beginning with MPD only, SPD only, physical functioning difficulty only, both MPD and physical functioning difficulties, and SPD and physical functioning difficulties. Conclusions The data suggest a stronger risk of complex activity limitations when increasing psychological functioning difficulties coexist with physical functioning difficulties, leading to potential interference with a person's ability to accomplish major life activities measured in this study. The sizeable contribution of psychological distress to the prevalence of basic actions difficulty implies that the mental health component of functional limitations is important in the overall assessment of health and well-being.
Evaluating Computational Predictions of the Relative Stabilities of Polymorphic Pharmaceuticals

The ability of computational methods to describe the relative energies of polymorphic pharmaceuticals is investigated for a diverse array of compounds. The initial molecular geometries were taken from crystal structures, and energy differences between polymorphic pairs were calculated with various geometry optimization methods. Results using molecular mechanics were compared to experimental calorimetric data and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The best agreement with experimental heats of transition was shown with energies calculated from geometry optimizations using the Compass force field. Calculations that optimized atomic positions with the Compass force field gave correct energy rankings for all 11 polymorphic pairs studied, with an average deviation of 0.61 kcal/mol from experimental results. These findings suggest that computational methods are poised to predict enthalpy differences between polymorphic forms with levels of accuracy that are quite acceptable when proper approaches are employed.
Socioeconomic adjustments and choice experiment benefit function transfer: Evaluating the common wisdom

Abstract It is often argued that attribute adjustments made possible within choice experiments have the potential to improve benefit transfer accuracy. These transfers, however, often omit socioeconomic adjustments; this reflects a limited presence of socioeconomic covariates in broader choice experiments. The lack of correspondence between common guidance that socioeconomic adjustments should be applied and simultaneous arguments for the advantages of choice experiment transfers leads to ambiguity for transfer practice. This paper contrasts the change in transfer performance resulting from an ability to adjust for policy attributes with that resulting from an ability to adjust for socioeconomic attributes. Results are illustrated for the case of agricultural land preservation. The goal is to provide evidence regarding the tradeoff faced by practitioners who seek to use choice experiments for benefit transfer but lack the ability to adjust for socioeconomic attributes.
Mechanism of the Apparent Cooperativity in the Interaction of Protein Kinase C with Phosphatidylserine

Protein kinase C displays high apparent cooperativity in its activation by phosphatidylserine. This contribution uses a novel approach to address the physical basis for this apparent cooperativity. We examine the binding of protein kinase C betaII to large unilamellar vesicles as a function of increasing mole fraction phosphatidylserine and as a function of increasing total lipid concentrations. Binding data are subjected to an analysis, described in the Appendix, that allows calculation of the fractional saturation of phosphatidylserine binding sites with this ligand. This analysis reveals that (1) protein kinase C betaII binds approximately eight phosphatidylserine molecules and (2) the binding of each lipid is not cooperative. Rather, the apparent cooperativity observed in protein kinase C's interaction with multiple phosphatidylserine molecules arises from effects specific to the interaction of a multivalent macromolecule with multiple membrane-associated ligands. Nor does diacylglycerol, which has been previously shown to dramatically increase protein kinase C's affinity for phosphatidylserine-containing membranes, induce cooperativity. Thus, protein kinase C binds multiple phosphatidylserine molecules in the absence of interaction between potential binding sites. The method presented for determining the stoichiometry and cooperativity in the interaction of protein kinase C with phosphatidylserine is applicable to any multivalent molecule binding to monovalent ligands incorporated into lipid membranes.
Plasmon hybridization in complex metallic nanostructures

The plasmon hybridization method is a powerful approach for calculating the optical properties of composite nanostructures. The plasmons can be viewed as resulting from hybridization of the elementary plasmon modes associated with the different surfaces of the nanostructure. We present applications to metallic core/shell particles, nanoshells with a nonconcentric core and plasmons in metallic films.
A Modified Composite Cost Measure for Probabilistic Choice Modeling

A modified composite cost function is proposed which overcomes the negativity problem associated with Williams's measure. Also some relationships between the random utility and entropy-maximization approaches to model formulation are explored.
Asymptotic coordinate scaling bound for exchange‐correlation energy in density‐functional theory

It is proven that the exact exchange-correlation density functional, Exc[n], satisfies limλ ∞ × {Exc[nλ] – limγ∞ γ–1Exc[nγλ]} ≥ E2, where nλ(r) = λ3n(λr), E2 is the second-order perturbation energy coefficient of Hαs = T + αVee + σivs(ri), and αVee is the perturbation. The Kohn–Sham determinant for the density n is the nondegenerate ground state of H0s. When the local density approximation for Exx is employed for the left-hand side of the above equation, – ∞ is obtained, and thus the bound is not satisfied.
Enthalpy Measurements in Aqueous SDS/DTAB Solutions Using Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry

Isothermal titration microcalorimetry has been used to measure enthalpies of aggregate formation and binding, at 25 °C, for aqueous solutions of the single surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammoniumbromide (DTAB) and mixtures of these at 1 wt % total surfactant concentration, over accessible composition ranges. The enthalpy of formation for SDS micelles is 0.6 kJ g-1 mol-1, and that for DTAB micelles is −2.1 kJ g-1 mol-1. This calorimetric experiment also produces a direct measurement of the critical micelle concentration (cmc) for each surfactant. The enthalpy of formation for 5:95 SDS/DTAB mixed micelles is −5.5 kJ g-1 mol-1 total surfactant and −6.7 kJ g-1 mol-1 total surfactant for 85:15 SDS/DTAB mixed micelles. Vesicles at an SDS/DTAB ratio of 62:38 have an enthalpy of formation of −13.4 kJ g-1 mol-1 total surfactant, indicating a strong enthalpic contribution to their free energy of formation. The enthalpies of aggregate formation are in good agreement with predictions fro...
Sequential Metropolis Algorithms for Fluid Simulations

In this work, the implementation of our recently proposed sequential Metropolis algorithm in the grand canonical ensemble, a case particularly relevant for continuum fluids, is considered. By performing Monte Carlo simulations for the two-dimensional lattice gas, it is shown that our algorithm converges faster than all known grand canonical algorithms that satisfy strict detailed balance. The main advantages of the new algorithm are its simplicity, generality, and the possibility of parallel implementation.
Dynamic modeling of compressed gas energy storage to complement renewable wind power intermittency

Abstract To evaluate the impacts and capabilities of large-scale compressed gas energy storage for mitigating wind intermittency, dynamic system models for compressed air energy storage and compressed hydrogen energy storage inside salt caverns have been developed. With the experimental data from air storage in a salt cavern in Huntorf, Germany, the cavern model has been verified. Both daily and seasonal simulation results suggest that with the same size wind farm and salt cavern, a compressed hydrogen energy storage system could better complement the wind intermittency and could also achieve load shifting on a daily and seasonal time scale. Moreover, the hydrogen produced in the compressed hydrogen energy storage system could also be dispatched as a fuel to accommodate zero emission transportation for up to 14,000 fuel cell vehicles per day while achieving seasonal load shifting.
THE QUENCHING-IN OF LATTICE DEFECTS IN GOLD-CADMIUM

Abstract When β Au-Cd is quenched from a high temperature, a large increase in resistivity results. The amount of quenched-in resistivity was measured as a function of quench temperature and an energy of formation of 0.38 eV was obtained for the associated defects. The isothermal annealing of the quenched-in resistivity was studied at a number of temperatures. The process appears to have an incubation period and an activation energy for motion of 0.58 eV. Possible explanations are discussed; the quenching-in of lattice vacancies is considered to be the most likely source of the effect. On the basis of Jongenburger's theoretical estimates of the resistivity arising from vacancies in gold, it is estimated that about 0.7% vacancies are frozen in after quenching from 450°C.
Multiproxy lake sediment records at the northern and southern boundaries of the Aspen Parkland region of Manitoba, Canada:

Aspen parkland in central Canada may change substantially with increased warming and aridity as prairies replace forests, fire return intervals decrease and lake levels decline. We examined the relationships among vegetation, climate, fire and lake-ecosystem properties using lake sediment cores from the current northern and southern boundaries of the aspen parkland in southwestern Manitoba. We analyzed pollen, charcoal, sediment magnetics, biogenic silica, phosphorus, grain size and LOI, and dated the cores using 210Pb and 14C (AMS, calibrated). The Jones Lake record, from the southern edge of the parkland, began considerably earlier (~11 000 cal. BP) than the Mallard Pond record at the northern edge (~8600 cal. BP). These sites were characterized as prairie communities with low fire severity and relatively low lake productivity during the warm, dry period from 9000 to 6000 cal. BP. Beginning around 6500 cal. BP at Jones Lake and 3400 cal. BP at Mallard Pond, conditions appeared to get wetter as indicated...
Origin of the phosphate at the ligation junction produced by self-splicing of Tetrahymena thermophila pre-ribosomal RNA

Abstract The exons of the self-splicing pre-ribosomal RNA of Tetrahymena thermophila are joined accurately in vitro, even when only 33 nucleotides of the natural 5′ exon and 38 nucleotides of the natural 3′ exon remain. RNA fingerprint analysis was used to identify the unique ribonuclease T1 oligonucleotide generated by exon ligation. Secondary digests of the ligation junction oligonucleotide with ribonuclease A confirmed the identity of the fragment and demonstrated that the phosphate group that forms the phosphodiester bond at the ligation junction is derived from the 5′ position of a uridine nucleotide in the RNA. This observation supports the prediction that the splice junction phosphate is derived from the 3′ splice site. These results emphasize the mechanistic similarities of RNA splicing reactions of the group I introns, group II introns and nuclear pre-mRNA introns.
Liquid crystal television custom drive circuit

A new drive circuit for the liquid crystal display (LCD) of the InFocus TVT-6000TM video projector is currently under development at the U.S. Army Missile Command. The new circuit will allow individual pixel control of the LCD. This paper will discuss results of the effort to date.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION AND GRAIN SIZE CALCULATION OF SILVER FILMS DEPOSITED BY THERMAL EVAPORATION

Thin films of pure silver were deposited on glass substrate by thermal evaporation process at room temperature. Surface characterization of the films was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Thickness of the films varied between 20 nm and 60 nm. XRD analysis provided a sharp peak at 38.75° from silver. These results indicated that the films deposited on glass substrates at room temperature are crystalline. 3D and top view pictures of the films were obtained by AFM to study the grain size and its dependency on various factors. Grain sizes were calculated using the XRD results and Scherer's formula. Average grain size increased with the thickness of the deposited films. A minimum grain size of 8 nm was obtained for 20 nm thick films, reaching a maximum value of 41.9 nm when the film size reaches 60 nm. We could not find any sequential variation in the grain size with the growth rate.
Analysis of Long Span Bridge Response to Winds: Building Nexus between Flutter and Buffeting

In current bridge aeroelastic analysis frameworks, predictions of flutter instability and buffeting response to wind fluctuations are treated as two separate procedures. The flutter instability is analyzed through the solution of a complex eigenvalue problem, offering information on how the self-excited forces influence bridge dynamics, especially the modal damping, and eventually drive the bridge to develop unstable flutter motion. On the other hand, the buffeting response is quantified through spectral analysis that involves the evaluation of a complex frequency response matrix/transfer matrix at discrete frequencies, offering prediction of the statistics of bridge response. The modal properties at varying wind velocities predicted through flutter analysis have not yet been explicitly employed in predicting and interpreting buffeting response. Furthermore, current buffeting analysis frameworks often regard the complex aerodynamic admittance functions as real-valued, neglecting the phase differences of buffeting force components with respect to wind fluctuations. In this paper, a unified analysis framework of integrating both flutter and buffeting analysis is presented. The buffeting response is explicitly expressed in terms of the bridge modal properties that are influenced by the self-excited forces and predicted through the flutter analysis. Closed-form formulations are provided for quantifying the variance/covariance of buffeting response. This framework not only is computationally more effective, but also sheds more physical insight into bridge aeroelastic response by explicitly linking the effects of self-excited and buffeting forces on bridge response. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed framework are illustrated through a long span suspension bridge example. The multimode coupled bridge aeroelastic response is discussed with an emphasis placed on the significance of complex aerodynamic admittance functions on buffeting response.
Sensitization of anorexia and locomotion induced by chronic administration of ephedrine in rats

Repeated daily administration of the sympathomimetic agent ephedrine (EPH) leads to an augmentation (sensitization) of locomotor activity in rats. The present experiments examined the impact of repeated administration of the (-)- and (+)-EPH enantiomers on feeding in rats to assess whether the anorexic activity of EPH exhibits tolerance or sensitization during chronic exposure and whether the time course of these effects follows that observed in studies of locomotion. Adult male rats were injected once daily for 12 days with either vehicle or 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg (-)-EPH or with 10 or 20 mg/kg (+)-EPH. Horizontal locomotion and diet consumption were assessed for 60 min in an activity chamber. Suppression of feeding and the induction of locomotion were augmented over the first four days of administration of either 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg of the (-)-EPH enantiomer. In contrast, repeated administration of 20 mg/kg (+)-EPH resulted in augmentation of appetite suppression but not locomotion. These results confirm and extend the phenomenon of locomotor and feeding sensitization for ephedrine, but suggest that these effects may differ for the two enantiomers of ephedrine.
Riverdance: Irish Identity and the Musical Artwork

Eliot also reminds us that in the achievement of a truly great artist, “the most individual parts of his work may be those in which . . . his ancestors assert their immortality most vigorously.”11 Unless and until we learn to acknowledge that the work of our great artists both accepts the beauty of tradition while pushing that same tradition to the outer boundaries of possibility, we risk rupturing our ties with what has gone before and what is yet to come. For, as history teaches, the innovations of our master artists of today invariably become the living tradition of tomorrow.
A new Australian republic : Some implications for surveyors

Abstract Australia is already a de facto republic, as can be shown by a simple analysis of where power vests. While the roles of the monarch and Governor-General are the focus of much of the republican debate, the real issue is the role of ‘The Crown’ in Australian government and land tenure.
Time-dependent Vertical Temperature Measurements across the Water-sediment Interface on the Continental Shelf West of Oregon

A THERMOPROBE capable of measuring temperatures both 2.5 m into the sediment and in the water up to 3.3 m above the sediment has been designed, constructed and used to monitor the temperatures across the water-sediment interface at oceanic stations west of Oregon.
The problem of choosing the representation, inference rule, and strategy

This article is the nineteenth of a series of articles discussing various open research problems in automated reasoning. The problem proposed for research asks one to find guidelines for simultaneously choosing the most effective representation, inference rule, and strategy. Since the three areas are tightly coupled, formulation of such guidelines requires understanding the precise nature of this coupling. For evaluating a proposed solution to this research problem, we suggest possible test problems from group theory, Godel's finite axiomatization of set theory, and program verification.
Modified Procedure for Aging Walleyes by Using Dorsal Spine Sections

(1982). Modified Procedure for Aging Walleyes by Using Dorsal Spine Sections. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 204-204.
Proteolytic fragments of insulysin (IDE) retain substrate binding but lose allosteric regulation.

Treatment of an N-terminal-containing His6-tagged insulysin (His6-IDE) with proteinase K led to the initial cleavage of the His tag and linker region. This was followed by C-terminal cleavages resulting in intermediate fragments of ∼95 and ∼76 kDa and finally a relatively stable ∼56 kDa fragment. The ∼76 and ∼56 kDa fragments exhibited a low level of catalytic activity but retained the ability to bind the substrate with a similar affinity as the native enzyme. The kinetics of the reaction of the IDE ∼76 and ∼56 kDa proteolytic fragments with a synthetic fluorogenic substrate produced hyperbolic substrate versus velocity curves, rather than the sigmoidal curve obtained with His6-IDE. The ∼76 and ∼56 kDa IDE proteolytic fragments were active toward the physiological peptides β-endorphin, insulin, and amyloid β peptide 1−40. Although activity was reduced by a factor of ∼103−104 with these substrates, the relative activity and the cleavage sites were unchanged. Both the ∼76 and ∼56 kDa fragments retained the ...
The role of gender in the progression of renal disease.

The rate of progression of certain renal diseases in animals is greater in men than in women. In various animal models of renal disease, investigators have concluded that the presence of testosterone explains the worse course in men compared with women, whereas in other diseases, estrogen seems to confer protection for women. The gender disparity in renal disease progression found in animals is seen in certain human renal diseases, including chronic renal disease, membranous nephropathy, immunoglobin A nephropathy, and polycystic kidney disease. In humans, the differences between the genders in renal disease progression cannot be fully explained by differences in blood pressure or serum cholesterol levels. The underlying mechanisms for this gender disparity are potentially related to differences between the sexes in glomerular structure, glomerular hemodynamics, diet, variations in the production and activity of local cytokines and hormones, and/or the direct effect of sex hormones on kidney cells. Further investigation into the contribution of gender to renal disease progression may aid us in developing strategies for slowing this pathological process.
The Influence of Ante‐Mortem Factors and Gamma Irradiation on the ‐Degradation of 5′‐Ribonucleotides in the Muscle f English Sole (Parophrys vetulus)

SUMMARY The influence of feeding, activity and pasteurizing doses of gamma irradiation on the nucleotide composition and breakdown in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) was studied. Feeding did not cause any significant change in the total amount of nucleotides. Active fish had lower amounts of ATP and increased levels of IMP, but this difference was not significant after they had been stored 7 days in ice. In contrast to the results reported for other species of sole, inosine was present in English sole after 7 days in ice. Irradiation, 0.5 and 1.0 Mrad, did not affect the changes in the nucleoside and nucleotide composition.
PATHWAYS OF SPINDLE ASSEMBLY

Recent studies have revealed that, in some systems, chromatin has the ability to stabilize microtubules and organize them into bipolar spindles independently of kinetochores and centrosomes. In addition, several molecules have been identified recently that are necessary for spindle assembly; these include proteins that regulate microtubule dynamics, proteins that organize microtubule minus ends into spindle poles, and members of the kinesin superfamily that reside on the chromosome arms.
Silicon Based Pore Systems for Emerging Biosensor Applications

Recent research in the domain of single molecule biosensors aims at using silicon pore systems for the electrical detection of charged entities. Detection is achieved through resistive pulse measurements also known as Coulter counting. This work demonstrates the use of silicon based cylindrical micropores which can be used to detect biomolecules with high selectivity and robustness. The micropores used in the experiment were patterned using semiconductor processing techniques to have a final diameter of 5μm and a length of 30μm on a siliconsubstrate. The probes used in the study were silica beads which have been functionalized to detect two types of protein immunocomplexes: (i) biotin-avidin and (ii) immunoglobulin-G using its specific antibody within the silicon micropore system.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
L2 Professional Writing in a US and South American Context

Abstract Using research methods that assess cross-cultural rhetorical differences at three levels, this study explores two cases of professional writing among US and South American personnel in one multinational organization in Quito, Ecuador. One major rhetorical difference was the pronounced need of many of the South Americans for historical and contextual information. In addition, the US writer consistently re-worked the concrete and particular patterns of the South Americans into more abstract and universal patterns for his US audiences. Finally, many of the South American documents exhibited accumulated logical structures, which the US writer revised to be more analytical for his US audiences. These differences in history, context, particularism, and accumulative logic seemed to reflect very predominant cultural patterns because they correlated closely with other cross-cultural studies. However, some rhetorical differences such as originality and hypercodification reflected local usage while others, such as distance and procedures, seemed based on personal choice and adaptation to specific audiences. Thus, this study exemplifies the larger, cultural and rhetorical patterns that seem central to basic theories of contrastive rhetoric, but it also highlights the exceptions and preferences that are based on local and individual needs.
Detection of cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in cell culture with an immunoperoxidase test

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen was detected in cell culture with an indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) procedure using a specific monoclonal antibody, and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. Cytopathic and noncytopathic strains of the virus showed similar patterns of IP staining until 3 days post-infection. At six days post-infection, intensity of staining decreased in cell cultures infected with noncytopathic virus, but not with cytopathic virus. The IP procedure detected BVDV antigen in cells used to isolate virus from tissues of aborted bovine fetuses and peripheral blood lymphocytes of adult cattle. Immunoperoxidase detected BVDV isolates from 10 of 44 cases of abortion of which seven of these were noncytopathic. Noncytopathic BVDV isolates from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 7 of 65 animals were identified.
Dissecting the brain's internal clock: how frontal-striatal circuitry keeps time and shifts attention.

The ability of organisms to time and coordinate temporal sequences of events and to select particular aspects of their internal and external environments to which they will attend is vital to the organism's ability to adapt to the world around them. Numerous psychological theories have been proposed that describe how organisms might accomplish such stimulus selection and represent discrete temporal events as well as rhythm production. In addition, a large number of studies have demonstrated that damage to the frontostriatal circuitry appears to compromise the ability of organisms to successfully shift attention and behavior to adapt to changing temporal contexts. This suggests that frontostriatal circuitry is involved in the ability to make such shifts and to process temporal intervals. A selective review is accomplished in this article which focuses upon the specific neural mechanisms that may be involved in interval timing and set shifting. It is concluded that prefrontal cortex, substantia nigra pars compacta, pedunculopontine nucleus, and the direct and indirect pathways from the caudate to the thalamus may provide the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological substrates that underlie the organism's ability to shift its attention from one temporal context to another.
Determination of a Consistent Time for the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Examination of Existing Methods for Finding “ET Time”

Abstract As a tropical cyclone moves poleward and interacts with the midlatitude circulation, the question of whether it will undergo extratropical transition (ET) and, if it does, whether it will reintensify or dissipate, is a complex problem. Several quantities have been proposed in previous studies to describe extratropical transition including frontogenesis, 500-hPa geopotential heights, and cyclone phase-space parameters. In this study, these parameters are explored for their utility in defining an ET time using the Navy’s Operational Global Assimilation and Prediction System gridded analyses. The 500-hPa geopotential heights and frontogenesis currently do not have objective numerical definitions. Therefore, this study attempts to establish and examine threshold values that may be used to objectively define the ET time. Cyclone phase space already has numerical threshold values that can be examined. Results show that the 500-hPa geopotential height open wave distinguishes 81 of 82 cases, but it fails...
Zur thermischen Umsetzung von NaH2PO3 mit NaH2PO4

Eine aquimolare Mischung von NaH2PO3 und NaH2PO4 setzt sich im N2-Strom zwischen 200 und 350°C uber die nebeneinander vorliegenden Zwischenstufen , und unter Phosphinentwicklung zu einem dem Na: P-Verhaltnis von 1,143 entsprechenden Gemisch kondensierter Phosphate um. Die Disproportionierung verlauft quantitativ nach . An equimolar mixture of NaH2PO3 and NaH2PO4 reacts on heating in N2 atmosphere at temperatures between 200 and 350°C by way of the simultaneously present intermediates , and , and formation of PH3, to a mixture of condensed phosphates having an overall Na: P ratio of 1.143. The disproportionation occurs quantitatively according to .
Severity of memory impairment in monkeys as a function of locus and extent of damage within the medial temporal lobe memory system

During the past decade, work with monkeys has helped identify the structures in the medial temporal lobe that are important for memory: the hippocampal region (including the hippocampus proper, the dentate gyrus, and the subicular complex) and adjacent cortical areas that are anatomically linked to the hippocampus, i.e., the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. One idea that has emerged from this work is that the severity of memory impairment might increase as more components of the medial temporal lobe are damaged. We have evaluated this idea directly by examining behavioral data from 30 monkeys (ten normal monkeys and 20 monkeys with bilateral lesions involving structures within the medial temporal lobe) that have completed testing on our standard memory battery during the last 10 years. The main finding was that the severity of memory impairment depended on the locus and extent of damage to the medial temporal lobe. Specifically, damage limited to the hippocampal region produced a mild memory impairment. More severe memory impairment was produced when the damage was increased to include the adjacent entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices (the H+ lesion). Finally, memory impairment was even more severe when the H+ lesion was extended forward to include the anterior entorhinal cortex and the perirhinal cortex (H++ lesion). Taken together, these findings suggest that, whereas damage to the hippocampal region produces measurable memory impairment, a substantial part of the severe memory impairment produced by large medial temporal lobe lesions in humans and monkeys can be attributed to damage to entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices adjacent to the hippocampal region. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.